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C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0530291100
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells
|
[
{
"display_name": "CD44",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780932548",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.82991695,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056532"
},
{
"display_name": "CD24",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779492189",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.6957185,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190762"
},
{
"display_name": "Breast cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C530470458",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.69394267,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.68299985,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61342674,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer stem cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55427017",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.58692634,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638475"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5832553,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Malignancy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779399171",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5618525,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55650926,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C96232424",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5522268,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072"
},
{
"display_name": "Carcinogenesis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555283112",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47903743,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543"
},
{
"display_name": "Phenotype",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127716648",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4777193,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053"
},
{
"display_name": "Immunology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203014093",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40347713,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929"
},
{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35120893,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208"
},
{
"display_name": "Cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1491633281",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3073905,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868"
}
] |
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in United States women, accounting for >40,000 deaths each year. These breast tumors are comprised of phenotypically diverse populations of breast cancer cells. Using a model in which human breast cancer cells were grown in immunocompromised mice, we found that only a minority of breast cancer cells had the ability to form new tumors. We were able to distinguish the tumorigenic (tumor initiating) from the nontumorigenic cancer cells based on cell surface marker expression. We prospectively identified and isolated the tumorigenic cells as CD44 + CD24 −/low Lineage − in eight of nine patients. As few as 100 cells with this phenotype were able to form tumors in mice, whereas tens of thousands of cells with alternate phenotypes failed to form tumors. The tumorigenic subpopulation could be serially passaged: each time cells within this population generated new tumors containing additional CD44 + CD24 −/low Lineage − tumorigenic cells as well as the phenotypically diverse mixed populations of nontumorigenic cells present in the initial tumor. The ability to prospectively identify tumorigenic cancer cells will facilitate the elucidation of pathways that regulate their growth and survival. Furthermore, because these cells drive tumor development, strategies designed to target this population may lead to more effective therapies.
|
C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1099314
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
<i>EGFR</i> Mutations in Lung Cancer: Correlation with Clinical Response to Gefitinib Therapy
|
[
{
"display_name": "Gefitinib",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780580887",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.988014,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417824"
},
{
"display_name": "Lung cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776256026",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7909725,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912"
},
{
"display_name": "Epidermal growth factor receptor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779438470",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.782995,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424401"
},
{
"display_name": "Adenocarcinoma",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781182431",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.605325,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356033"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.58837485,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Somatic cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134305767",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52376837,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5041052,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Oncology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143998085",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4803787,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555"
},
{
"display_name": "Tyrosine kinase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42362537",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46709272,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87099740"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45049843,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778820342",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44358605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906415"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.38340682,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.37403256,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
Receptor tyrosine kinase genes were sequenced in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and matched normal tissue. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR were found in 15of 58 unselected tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States. Treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan. EGFR mutations were found in additional lung cancer samples from U.S. patients who responded to gefitinib therapy and in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was hypersensitive to growth inhibition by gefitinib, but not in gefitinib-insensitive tumors or cell lines. These results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib.
|
C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1172/jci39104
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition
|
[
{
"display_name": "Epithelial–mesenchymal transition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C76419328",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.8068782,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74419"
},
{
"display_name": "Mesenchymal stem cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198826908",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7060422,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1922379"
},
{
"display_name": "Metastasis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779013556",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5807817,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876"
},
{
"display_name": "Fibrosis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780559512",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57569194,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709"
},
{
"display_name": "Phenotype",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127716648",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.56867105,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.53867775,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5064331,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Pathological",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C207886595",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43770966,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138"
},
{
"display_name": "Cell biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95444343",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42496726,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141"
},
{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4080434,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.30148476,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
}
] |
The origins of the mesenchymal cells participating in tissue repair and pathological processes, notably tissue fibrosis, tumor invasiveness, and metastasis, are poorly understood. However, emerging evidence suggests that epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) represent one important source of these cells. As we discuss here, processes similar to the EMTs associated with embryo implantation, embryogenesis, and organ development are appropriated and subverted by chronically inflamed tissues and neoplasias. The identification of the signaling pathways that lead to activation of EMT programs during these disease processes is providing new insights into the plasticity of cellular phenotypes and possible therapeutic interventions.
|
C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1905840
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
p53 Mutations in Human Cancers
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.691571,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Carcinogenesis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555283112",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6427133,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543"
},
{
"display_name": "Mutation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C501734568",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.50691515,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.49840593,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Leukemia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778461978",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43900597,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29496"
},
{
"display_name": "Colorectal cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526805850",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42897028,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4250423,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078"
},
{
"display_name": "Esophagus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777819096",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42355,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173710"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.37871152,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3190924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
}
] |
Mutations in the evolutionarily conserved codons of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are common in diverse types of human cancer. The p53 mutational spectrum differs among cancers of the colon, lung, esophagus, breast, liver, brain, reticuloendothelial tissues, and hemopoietic tissues. Analysis of these mutations can provide clues to the etiology of these diverse tumors and to the function of specific regions of p53. Transitions predominate in colon, brain, and lymphoid malignancies, whereas G:C to T:A transversions are the most frequent substitutions observed in cancers of the lung and liver. Mutations at A:T base pairs are seen more frequently in esophageal carcinomas than in other solid tumors. Most transitions in colorectal carcinomas, brain tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas are at CpG dinucleotide mutational hot spots. G to T transversions in lung, breast, and esophageal carcinomas are dispersed among numerous codons. In liver tumors in persons from geographic areas in which both aflatoxin B 1 and hepatitis B virus are cancer risk factors, most mutations are at one nucleotide pair of codon 249. These differences may reflect the etiological contributions of both exogenous and endogenous factors to human carcinogenesis.
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm200005043421801
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8908318,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Tidal volume",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777257755",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8689365,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493813"
},
{
"display_name": "Ventilation (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200457457",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.65662086,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanical ventilation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777080012",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5650557,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.56183964,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Plateau pressure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777311218",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5233749,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202231"
},
{
"display_name": "Respiratory minute volume",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79959777",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47846624,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754333"
},
{
"display_name": "Randomization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204243189",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4650119,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363085"
},
{
"display_name": "Kilogram",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C207892153",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43983218,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11570"
},
{
"display_name": "Respiratory rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C8213797",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42858815,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250"
},
{
"display_name": "Respiratory distress",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141983124",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42148253,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188008"
},
{
"display_name": "Randomized controlled trial",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168563851",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3924528,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668"
}
] |
Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa0905561
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
|
[
{
"display_name": "Dabigatran",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778810321",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.95864916,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419345"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9533397,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Warfarin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776301958",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8788973,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407431"
},
{
"display_name": "Atrial fibrillation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779161974",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.83231676,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819"
},
{
"display_name": "Stroke (engine)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780645631",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.63768744,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554"
},
{
"display_name": "Confidence interval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44249647",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6185064,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.53130555,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.49771336,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Relative risk",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C82789193",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49432945,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611"
},
{
"display_name": "Direct thrombin inhibitor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776710957",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.4295614,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280395"
}
] |
Warfarin reduces the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but increases the risk of hemorrhage and is difficult to use. Dabigatran is a new oral direct thrombin inhibitor.
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1009638
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
|
[
{
"display_name": "Rivaroxaban",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778661090",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.9754444,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420262"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9199304,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Warfarin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776301958",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.90411574,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407431"
},
{
"display_name": "Atrial fibrillation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779161974",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8300909,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819"
},
{
"display_name": "Hazard ratio",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C207103383",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8010514,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246"
},
{
"display_name": "Stroke (engine)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780645631",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6413412,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical endpoint",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203092338",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.59157026,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5492884,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Confidence interval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44249647",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5424164,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498"
},
{
"display_name": "Embolism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777185221",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46869397,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275466"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46212173,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164705383",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.39142072,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379"
},
{
"display_name": "Randomized controlled trial",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168563851",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.37959152,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668"
},
{
"display_name": "Surgery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141071460",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.323052,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821"
}
] |
The use of warfarin reduces the rate of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but requires frequent monitoring and dose adjustment. Rivaroxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, may provide more consistent and predictable anticoagulation than warfarin.
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.74.5.1124
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.93205273,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Ischemia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C541997718",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8222234,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188151"
},
{
"display_name": "Ischemic preconditioning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779311647",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.80040634,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148404"
},
{
"display_name": "Occlusion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776268601",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.65832335,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968808"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164705383",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5478905,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.523657,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Infarction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777798775",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48165667,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207550"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47032154,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Circumflex",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C197321550",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42200723,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11175"
},
{
"display_name": "Hemodynamics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C178853913",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41801584,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137"
},
{
"display_name": "Coronary occlusion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780393670",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.413183,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172192"
},
{
"display_name": "Reperfusion injury",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780114680",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41151845,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413991"
},
{
"display_name": "Myocardial infarction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C500558357",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3070978,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152"
}
] |
We have previously shown that a brief episode of ischemia slows the rate of ATP depletion during subsequent ischemic episodes. Additionally, intermittent reperfusion may be beneficial to the myocardium by washing out catabolites that have accumulated during ischemia. Thus, we proposed that multiple brief ischemic episodes might actually protect the heart from a subsequent sustained ischemic insult. To test this hypothesis, two sets of experiments were performed. In the first set, one group of dogs (n = 7) was preconditioned with four 5 min circumflex occlusions, each separated by 5 min of reperfusion, followed by a sustained 40 min occlusion. The control group (n = 5) received a single 40 min occlusion. In the second study, an identical preconditioning protocol was followed, and animals (n = 9) then received a sustained 3 hr occlusion. Control animals (n = 7) received a single 3 hr occlusion. Animals were allowed 4 days of reperfusion thereafter. Histologic infarct size then was measured and was related to the major baseline predictors of infarct size, including the anatomic area at risk and collateral blood flow. In the 40 min study, preconditioning with ischemia paradoxically limited infarct size to 25% of that seen in the control group (p less than .001). Collateral blood flows were not significantly different in the two groups. In the 3 hr study, there was no difference between infarct size in the preconditioned and control groups. The protective effect of preconditioning in the 40 min study may have been due to reduced ATP depletion and/or to reduced catabolite accumulation during the sustained occlusion. These results suggest that the multiple anginal episodes that often precede myocardial infarction in man may delay cell death after coronary occlusion, and thereby allow for greater salvage of myocardium through reperfusion therapy.
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.20.1.84
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9573458,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Middle cerebral artery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775841333",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.73950434,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498179"
},
{
"display_name": "Occlusion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776268601",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6448004,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968808"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal carotid artery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778333808",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62025464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515848"
},
{
"display_name": "Cerebral blood flow",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C157767197",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.58799994,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886843"
},
{
"display_name": "Common carotid artery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781064879",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5453862,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214275"
},
{
"display_name": "Blood flow",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158846371",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49506846,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137"
},
{
"display_name": "Ischemia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C541997718",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48119956,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188151"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47277904,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Collateral circulation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776599846",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46769217,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5145979"
},
{
"display_name": "External carotid artery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776725920",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43186823,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125276"
},
{
"display_name": "Surgery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141071460",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.30438262,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821"
}
] |
To develop a simple, relatively noninvasive small-animal model of reversible regional cerebral ischemia, we tested various methods of inducing infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) by extracranial vascular occlusion in rats. In preliminary studies, 60 rats were anesthetized with ketamine and different combinations of vessels were occluded; blood pressure and arterial blood gases were monitored. Neurologic deficit, mortality rate, gross pathology, and in some instances, electroencephalogram and histochemical staining results were evaluated in all surviving rats. The principal procedure consisted of introducing a 4-0 nylon intraluminal suture into the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) and advancing it intracranially to block blood flow into the MCA; collateral blood flow was reduced by interrupting all branches of the external carotid artery (ECA) and all extracranial branches of the ICA. In some groups of rats, bilateral vertebral or contralateral carotid artery occlusion was also performed. India ink perfusion studies in 20 rats documented blockage of MCA blood flow in 14 rats subjected to permanent occlusion and the restoration of blood flow to the MCA territory in six rats after withdrawal of the suture from the ICA. The best method of MCA occlusion was then selected for further confirmatory studies, including histologic examination, in five additional groups of rats anesthetized with halothane. Seven of eight rats that underwent permanent occlusion of the MCA had resolving moderately severe neurologic deficits (Grade 2 of 4) and unilateral infarcts averaging 37.6 +/- 5.5% of the coronal sectional area at 72 hours after the onset of occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa010746
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Effects of Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST-Segment Elevation
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.95899093,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Clopidogrel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777849778",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.95605934,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410237"
},
{
"display_name": "Aspirin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777628954",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.772391,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18216"
},
{
"display_name": "Placebo",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27081682",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6432868,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.642902,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Myocardial infarction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C500558357",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5924923,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152"
},
{
"display_name": "Relative risk",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C82789193",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5713511,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611"
},
{
"display_name": "Stroke (engine)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780645631",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5256749,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554"
},
{
"display_name": "Acute coronary syndrome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777698277",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.50949365,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266018"
},
{
"display_name": "Confidence interval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44249647",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49584517,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164705383",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44439453,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4006351,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Surgery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141071460",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33090582,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821"
}
] |
Despite current treatments, patients who have acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation have high rates of major vascular events. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel when given with aspirin in such patients.
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa003289
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Treatment of Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Induced Hypothermia
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.93725,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Hypothermia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777390192",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.91055566,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036696"
},
{
"display_name": "Return of spontaneous circulation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778619729",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.6577473,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317197"
},
{
"display_name": "Resuscitation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778165595",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6054446,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777055891",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6037336,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185325"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical death",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C172408975",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5853856,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989450"
},
{
"display_name": "Targeted temperature management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776296500",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.56730044,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478590"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.54524386,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Randomized controlled trial",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168563851",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5193573,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668"
},
{
"display_name": "Coma (optics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100136789",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4448827,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1772448"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3527466,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
}
] |
Cardiac arrest outside the hospital is common and has a poor outcome. Studies in laboratory animals suggest that hypothermia induced shortly after the restoration of spontaneous circulation may improve neurologic outcome, but there have been no conclusive studies in humans. In a randomized, controlled trial, we compared the effects of moderate hypothermia and normothermia in patients who remained unconscious after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
|
C42219234
|
Anesthesia
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa012689
|
state of medically controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness
|
Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia to Improve the Neurologic Outcome after Cardiac Arrest
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9546673,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Hypothermia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777390192",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8082442,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036696"
},
{
"display_name": "Ventricular fibrillation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781005686",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7606555,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848662"
},
{
"display_name": "Anesthesia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42219234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6432923,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130"
},
{
"display_name": "Resuscitation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778165595",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61465895,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5491454"
},
{
"display_name": "Confidence interval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44249647",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.550374,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777055891",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.51530504,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185325"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical endpoint",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203092338",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4393872,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164705383",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37655485,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37508038,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
Cardiac arrest with widespread cerebral ischemia frequently leads to severe neurologic impairment. We studied whether mild systemic hypothermia increases the rate of neurologic recovery after resuscitation from cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation.
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors
|
[
{
"display_name": "DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67910266,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430"
},
{
"display_name": "Sanger sequencing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C76818968",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.6061827,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181940"
},
{
"display_name": "Nucleotide",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512185932",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6051006,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28745"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA polymerase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2756471",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.50451934,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206286"
},
{
"display_name": "Polymerase chain reaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49105822",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43797374,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4332917,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA sequencing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C51679486",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42386577,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546"
},
{
"display_name": "Bacteriophage",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776441376",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.41839916,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028"
},
{
"display_name": "Polymerase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C82381507",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41382182,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416878"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40103957,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.30539906,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the "plus and minus" method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441-448] but makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage varphiX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/7.6.1513
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA
|
[
{
"display_name": "Plasmid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22744801",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8749566,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172778"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8326691,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.77364033,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430"
},
{
"display_name": "Recombinant DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40767141",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7209707,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697"
},
{
"display_name": "Plasmid preparation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109932267",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.7209527,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455079"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction enzyme",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C128319531",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.58771825,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219715"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.56958634,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "Denaturation (fissile materials)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776923230",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56892085,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16955798"
},
{
"display_name": "Alkaline lysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C20808630",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.5511859,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4727661"
},
{
"display_name": "Gel electrophoresis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C116084860",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5315131,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48255"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA extraction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78063203",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.4998951,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3062596"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction map",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C170673058",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.44200557,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780686"
},
{
"display_name": "Electrophoresis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40250595",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44127983,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185098"
},
{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3949701,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094"
}
] |
A procedure for extracting plasmid DNA from bacterial cells is described. The method is simple enough to permit the analysis by gel electrophoresis of 100 or more clones per day yet yields plasmid DNA which is pure enough to be digestible by restriction enzymes. The principle of the method is selective alkaline denaturation of high molecular weight chromosomal DNA while covalently closed circular DNA remains double-stranded. Adequate pH control is accomplished without using a pH meter. Upon neutralization, chromosomal DNA renatures to form an insoluble clot, leaving plasmid DNA in the supernatant. Large and small plasmid DNAs have been extracted by this method.
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.21.4407
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting
|
[
{
"display_name": "Amplified fragment length polymorphism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153523973",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.9255435,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q292077"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8356058,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction fragment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84289048",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.71217453,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316314"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction site",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58301748",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.6343637,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074969"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction enzyme",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C128319531",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.56266445,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219715"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.521276,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.513966,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430"
},
{
"display_name": "Primer (cosmetics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777563447",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50070333,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243397"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction digest",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2889275",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.48188215,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316313"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4812767,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C171636592",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.4717173,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3395646"
},
{
"display_name": "Adapter (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177284502",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44591406,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005390"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA profiling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79386861",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44454688,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476697"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction fragment length polymorphism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168007829",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.43305147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857299"
},
{
"display_name": "Sticky and blunt ends",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195116880",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.4294051,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4859565"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction map",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C170673058",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42541128,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780686"
},
{
"display_name": "EcoRI",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C130123407",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.413807,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417754"
},
{
"display_name": "Polymerase chain reaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49105822",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.36512303,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996"
}
] |
A novel DNA fingerprinting technique called AFLP is described. The AFLP technique is based on the selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments from a total digest of genomic DNA. The technique involves three steps: (i) restriction of the DNA and ligation of oligonucleotide adapters, (ii) selective amplification of sets of restriction fragments, and (iii) gel analysis of the amplified fragments. PCR amplification of restriction fragments is achieved by using the adapter and restriction site sequence as target sites for primer annealing. The selective amplification is achieved by the use of primers that extend into the restriction fragments, amplifying only those fragments in which the primer extensions match the nucleotides flanking the restriction sites. Using this method, sets of restriction fragments may be visualized by PCR without knowledge of nucleotide sequence. The method allows the specific co-amplification of high numbers of restriction fragments. The number of fragments that can be analyzed simultaneously, however, is dependent on the resolution of the detection system. Typically 50—100 restriction fragments are amplified and detected on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The AFLP technique provides a novel and very powerful DNA fingerprinting technique for DNAs of any origin or complexity.
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/11.5.1475
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei
|
[
{
"display_name": "Promoter",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C101762097",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.8810271,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224093"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8376342,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Transcription (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C179926584",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6694319,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714"
},
{
"display_name": "RNA polymerase II",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C64350747",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.6425466,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15334993"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.57871765,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "Transcription factor II D",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C172768829",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.49965382,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14817959"
},
{
"display_name": "RNA polymerase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776449523",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.48965293,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272631"
},
{
"display_name": "General transcription factor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144825837",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.4433827,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2316030"
},
{
"display_name": "RNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67705224",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.39975858,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053"
}
] |
We have developed a procedure for preparing extracts from nuclei of human tissue culture cells that directs accurate transcription initiation in vitro from class II promoters. Conditions of extraction and assay have been optimized for maximum activity using the major late promoter of adenovirus 2. The extract also directs accurate transcription initiation from other adenovirus promoters and cellular promoters. The extract also directs accurate transcription initiation from class III promoters (tRNA and Ad 2 VA).
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/8.19.4321
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9285513,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.70094395,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430"
},
{
"display_name": "Restriction enzyme",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C128319531",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.66417515,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219715"
},
{
"display_name": "Isolation (microbiology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775941552",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.58876884,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305"
},
{
"display_name": "Mitochondrial DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24586158",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.58256644,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075"
},
{
"display_name": "Chloroplast DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48050816",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5577072,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3182853"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115960442",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.46342814,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769863"
},
{
"display_name": "Digestion (alchemy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781357212",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44206178,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275608"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41155887,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36446184,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
},
{
"display_name": "Chloroplast",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C69305403",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.34592503,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263"
}
] |
A method is presented for the rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA (50,000 base pairs or more in length) which is free of contaminants which interfere with complete digestion by restriction endonucleases. The procedure yields total cellular DNA (i.e. nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNA). The technique is ideal for the rapid isolation of small amounts of DNA from many different species and is also useful for large scale isolations.
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.119.3.493
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8886742,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA fragmentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43759708",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.70966625,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749256"
},
{
"display_name": "Programmed cell death",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31573885",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7089243,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484"
},
{
"display_name": "Apoptosis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190283241",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5568738,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.54972064,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "Cell biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95444343",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5280189,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141"
},
{
"display_name": "Fragmentation (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191015642",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.51894426,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115960442",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.47588646,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769863"
},
{
"display_name": "Cell nucleus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780114586",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46421838,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40260"
},
{
"display_name": "Biotinylation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204628709",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.440152,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864854"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42086923,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430"
},
{
"display_name": "Cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1491633281",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4133673,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868"
}
] |
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a key role in developmental biology and in maintenance of the steady state in continuously renewing tissues. Currently, its existence is inferred mainly from gel electrophoresis of a pooled DNA extract as PCD was shown to be associated with DNA fragmentation. Based on this observation, we describe here the development of a method for the in situ visualization of PCD at the single-cell level, while preserving tissue architecture. Conventional histological sections, pretreated with protease, were nick end labeled with biotinylated poly dU, introduced by terminal deoxy-transferase, and then stained using avidin-conjugated peroxidase. The reaction is specific, only nuclei located at positions where PCD is expected are stained. The initial screening includes: small and large intestine, epidermis, lymphoid tissues, ovary, and other organs. A detailed analysis revealed that the process is initiated at the nuclear periphery, it is relatively short (1-3 h from initiation to cell elimination) and that PCD appears in tissues in clusters. The extent of tissue-PCD revealed by this method is considerably greater than apoptosis detected by nuclear morphology, and thus opens the way for a variety of studies.
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1159/000337115
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) Is Released by Microglial Cells and Confers Neuroprotection against 6-OHDA Neurotoxicity
|
[
{
"display_name": "Superoxide dismutase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775838275",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.90870875,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410776"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.53022677,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Autocrine signalling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C128240485",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52324647,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786998"
},
{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.51257557,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094"
},
{
"display_name": "Cytosol",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98539663",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49322766,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220599"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47830966,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "Dismutase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778248901",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.47787967,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282371"
},
{
"display_name": "SOD1",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777615887",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.47504926,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15328137"
},
{
"display_name": "Paracrine signalling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C7876069",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47435224,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14873666"
},
{
"display_name": "Superoxide",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780795997",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43723935,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413283"
},
{
"display_name": "Reactive oxygen species",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48349386",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4203147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361"
},
{
"display_name": "Hepatocyte",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776200302",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41071105,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827450"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3452993,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
The role so far ascribed to intracellular CuZn superoxide dismutase is that of an intracellular scavenger of oxygen radicals. However, other functions of cytosolic CuZn superoxide dismutase have been hypothesized. For example, CuZn superoxide dismutase incubated with rat hepatocyte cells in culture inhibits 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl CoA reductase, thereby reducing cholesterol synthesis. We recently demonstrated the presence of surface membrane receptors for CuZn superoxide dismutase, suggesting possible autocrine or paracrine activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cytosolic CuZn superoxide dismutase can be secreted by human hepatocarcinoma and fibroblast cells lines. Proteins in human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cells and human fibroblasts were biosynthetically labelled with [35S]-cysteine; then cell lysates and media were immunoprecipitated with rabbit polyclonal anti-human CuZn superoxide dismutase antibodies and separated by 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both Hep G2 cells and human fibroblasts produce and secrete CuZn superoxide dismutase which was detectable in cells and medium as a single protein band with the same electrophoretic mobility as human erythrocyte CuZn superoxide dismutase. These data suggest that CuZn superoxide dismutase, an enzyme thus far considered to be located exclusively intracellularly is secreted by at least two cell lines. This is consistent with autocrine or paracrine roles for CuZn superoxide dismutase.
|
C153911025
|
Molecular biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.9.5201
|
branch of biology that deals with the molecular basis of biological activity
|
Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Nitrocellulose",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778954975",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.96020746,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143874"
},
{
"display_name": "RNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67705224",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.73994136,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153911025",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.55486786,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C552990157",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5439276,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5349409,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Nucleic acid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24107716",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46350828,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619"
},
{
"display_name": "Nucleic acid thermodynamics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54871578",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.45655102,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2074275"
},
{
"display_name": "Agarose",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778476535",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44743648,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390697"
},
{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44012,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094"
},
{
"display_name": "Dimethyl sulfate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779193700",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4244036,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413421"
},
{
"display_name": "Chromatography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43617362",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34176633,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050"
}
] |
A simple and rapid method for transferring RNA from agarose gels to nitrocellulose paper for blot hybridization has been developed. Poly(A)+ and ribosomal RNAs transfer efficiently to nitrocellulose paper in high salt (3 M NaCl/0.3 M trisodium citrate) after denaturation with glyoxal and 50% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide. RNA also binds to nitrocellulose after treatment with methylmercuric hydroxide. The method is sensitive: about 50 pg of specific mRNA per band is readily detectable after hybridization with high specific activity probes (10(8) cpm/microgram). The RNA is stably bound to the nitrocellulose paper by this procedure, allowing removal of the hybridized probes and rehybridization of the RNA blots without loss of sensitivity. The use of nitrocellulose paper for the analysis of RNA by blot hybridization has several advantages over the use of activated paper (diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper). The method is simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and sensitive. In addition, denaturation of DNA with glyoxal and dimethyl sulfoxide promotes transfer and retention of small DNAs (100 nucleotides and larger) to nitrocellulose paper. A related method is also described for dotting RNA and DNA directly onto nitrocellulose paper treated with a high concentration of salt; under these conditions denatured DNA of less than 200 nucleotides is retained and hybridizes efficiently.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-421
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
BLAST+: architecture and applications
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8359647,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Interface (matter)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113843644",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5338975,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882"
},
{
"display_name": "Heuristics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127705205",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.52347577,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5179647,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.467955,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4298138,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Task (project management)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780451532",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4237526,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42020178,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065"
},
{
"display_name": "Modular design",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C101468663",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4193811,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40354598,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36309338,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
}
] |
Sequence similarity searching is a very important bioinformatics task. While Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) outperforms exact methods through its use of heuristics, the speed of the current BLAST software is suboptimal for very long queries or database sequences. There are also some shortcomings in the user-interface of the current command-line applications.We describe features and improvements of rewritten BLAST software and introduce new command-line applications. Long query sequences are broken into chunks for processing, in some cases leading to dramatically shorter run times. For long database sequences, it is possible to retrieve only the relevant parts of the sequence, reducing CPU time and memory usage for searches of short queries against databases of contigs or chromosomes. The program can now retrieve masking information for database sequences from the BLAST databases. A new modular software library can now access subject sequence data from arbitrary data sources. We introduce several new features, including strategy files that allow a user to save and reuse their favorite set of options. The strategy files can be uploaded to and downloaded from the NCBI BLAST web site.The new BLAST command-line applications, compared to the current BLAST tools, demonstrate substantial speed improvements for long queries as well as chromosome length database sequences. We have also improved the user interface of the command-line applications.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1145/170035.170072
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases
|
[
{
"display_name": "Association rule learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C193524817",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8583483,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780"
},
{
"display_name": "Database transaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75949130",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8094596,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.78095615,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Pruning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108010975",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.70859575,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.64803445,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.64763933,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Apriori algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C81440476",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.63107,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513511"
},
{
"display_name": "Transaction data",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127722929",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5617936,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833714"
},
{
"display_name": "Data warehouse",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C135572916",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4812036,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193351"
},
{
"display_name": "Association (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142853389",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45529157,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778"
},
{
"display_name": "Affinity analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23906176",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43596882,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727515"
},
{
"display_name": "Transaction processing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C72108876",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43547922,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35688233,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
}
] |
We are given a large database of customer transactions. Each transaction consists of items purchased by a customer in a visit. We present an efficient algorithm that generates all significant association rules between items in the database. The algorithm incorporates buffer management and novel estimation and pruning techniques. We also present results of applying this algorithm to sales data obtained from a large retailing company, which shows the effectiveness of the algorithm.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh073
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information: update
|
[
{
"display_name": "RefSeq",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151810110",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.8660749,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307074"
},
{
"display_name": "UniGene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780330800",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.6978464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884647"
},
{
"display_name": "GenBank",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79029880",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6931266,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901755"
},
{
"display_name": "OMIM : Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191791410",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.637363,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241953"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5967616,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "UniProt",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C202264299",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.54861987,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905695"
},
{
"display_name": "dbSNP",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C35794970",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.52283126,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5243761"
},
{
"display_name": "Ensembl",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141674004",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.49309418,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344256"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4696426,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Biological database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C20901353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45677984,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117139"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41584329",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42820376,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175902"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34731874,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
},
{
"display_name": "Bioinformatics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3243792,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570"
}
] |
In addition to maintaining the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides analysis and retrieval resources for the data in GenBank and other biological data made available through NCBI's Web site. NCBI resources include Entrez, the Entrez Programming Utilities, MyNCBI, PubMed, PubMed Central, Entrez Gene, the NCBI Taxonomy Browser, BLAST, BLAST Link (BLink), Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, Spidey, Splign, RefSeq, UniGene, HomoloGene, ProtEST, dbMHC, dbSNP, Cancer Chromosomes, Entrez Genomes and related tools, the Map Viewer, Model Maker, Evidence Viewer, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, HIV-1, Human Protein Interaction Database, SAGEmap, Gene Expression Omnibus, Entrez Probe, GENSAT, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals, the Molecular Modeling Database, the Conserved Domain Database, the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool and the PubChem suite of small molecule databases. Augmenting many of the Web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized datasets. All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl158
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences
|
[
{
"display_name": "Cluster analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C73555534",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.72164035,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.63459927,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5690399,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065"
},
{
"display_name": "Protein sequencing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10010492",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5118867,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142557"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41584329",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47607416,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175902"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence alignment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45484198",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42055288,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827246"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40823737,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40715984,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40635416,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Bioinformatics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3224287,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570"
}
] |
In 2001 and 2002, we published two papers (Bioinformatics, 17, 282-283, Bioinformatics, 18, 77-82) describing an ultrafast protein sequence clustering program called cd-hit. This program can efficiently cluster a huge protein database with millions of sequences. However, the applications of the underlying algorithm are not limited to only protein sequences clustering, here we present several new programs using the same algorithm including cd-hit-2d, cd-hit-est and cd-hit-est-2d. Cd-hit-2d compares two protein datasets and reports similar matches between them; cd-hit-est clusters a DNA/RNA sequence database and cd-hit-est-2d compares two nucleotide datasets. All these programs can handle huge datasets with millions of sequences and can be hundreds of times faster than methods based on the popular sequence comparison and database search tools, such as BLAST.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2003-4-5-p3
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery
|
[
{
"display_name": "Annotation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776321320",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8063334,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525"
},
{
"display_name": "Visualization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5559073,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553"
},
{
"display_name": "KEGG",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C152724338",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.5302384,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909442"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.51410943,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Ontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C25810664",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5084414,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325"
},
{
"display_name": "Biological database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C20901353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5054147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117139"
},
{
"display_name": "Microarray databases",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548314002",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.5020158,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839218"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene Annotation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908923196",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.497813,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205742"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49417284,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46398735,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene ontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987395477",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.41001648,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135085"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40105677,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Genome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.38808456,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36434305,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34895992,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes is a necessary and critical step in the analysis of microarray data. The distributed nature of biological knowledge frequently requires researchers to navigate through numerous web-accessible databases gathering information one gene at a time. A more judicious approach is to provide query-based access to an integrated database that disseminates biologically rich information across large datasets and displays graphic summaries of functional information.Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID; http://www.david.niaid.nih.gov) addresses this need via four web-based analysis modules: 1) Annotation Tool - rapidly appends descriptive data from several public databases to lists of genes; 2) GoCharts - assigns genes to Gene Ontology functional categories based on user selected classifications and term specificity level; 3) KeggCharts - assigns genes to KEGG metabolic processes and enables users to view genes in the context of biochemical pathway maps; and 4) DomainCharts - groups genes according to PFAM conserved protein domains.Analysis results and graphical displays remain dynamically linked to primary data and external data repositories, thereby furnishing in-depth as well as broad-based data coverage. The functionality provided by DAVID accelerates the analysis of genome-scale datasets by facilitating the transition from data collection to biological meaning.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1107/s2052520616003954
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
The Cambridge Structural Database
|
[
{
"display_name": "Identifier",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154504017",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8514745,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6662937,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.54388195,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Interface (matter)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113843644",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.53086334,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882"
},
{
"display_name": "Data sharing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779965156",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5224551,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350"
},
{
"display_name": "Application programming interface",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99613125",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45712632,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194"
},
{
"display_name": "Key (lock)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26517878",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44331706,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43702066,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Data structure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162319229",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41339135,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.39993456,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35555965,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
}
] |
The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) contains a complete record of all published organic and metal–organic small-molecule crystal structures. The database has been in operation for over 50 years and continues to be the primary means of sharing structural chemistry data and knowledge across disciplines. As well as structures that are made public to support scientific articles, it includes many structures published directly as CSD Communications. All structures are processed both computationally and by expert structural chemistry editors prior to entering the database. A key component of this processing is the reliable association of the chemical identity of the structure studied with the experimental data. This important step helps ensure that data is widely discoverable and readily reusable. Content is further enriched through selective inclusion of additional experimental data. Entries are available to anyone through free CSD community web services. Linking services developed and maintained by the CCDC, combined with the use of standard identifiers, facilitate discovery from other resources. Data can also be accessed through CCDC and third party software applications and through an application programming interface.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.06.038
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
The HITRAN2016 molecular spectroscopic database
|
[
{
"display_name": "HITRAN",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776032251",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9975507,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629801"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.628488,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.51509064,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Rotation formalisms in three dimensions",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C171018156",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4393348,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306"
}
] |
This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity. Moreover, molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Of considerable note, experimental IR cross-sections for almost 300 additional molecules important in different areas of atmospheric science have been added to the database. The compilation can be accessed through www.hitran.org. Most of the HITRAN data have now been cast into an underlying relational database structure that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure. The new structure empowers the user in many ways. It enables the incorporation of an extended set of fundamental parameters per transition, sophisticated line-shape formalisms, easy user-defined output formats, and very convenient searching, filtering, and plotting of data. A powerful application programming interface making use of structured query language (SQL) features for higher-level applications of HITRAN is also provided.
|
C77088390
|
Database
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx1037
|
organized collection of data in computing
|
DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018
|
[
{
"display_name": "DrugBank",
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},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C103637391",
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{
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},
{
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"level": 1,
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C98274493",
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406"
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{
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.36287862,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
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{
"display_name": "Bioinformatics",
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"level": 1,
"score": 0.34151924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570"
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] |
DrugBank (www.drugbank.ca) is a web-enabled database containing comprehensive molecular information about drugs, their mechanisms, their interactions and their targets. First described in 2006, DrugBank has continued to evolve over the past 12 years in response to marked improvements to web standards and changing needs for drug research and development. This year's update, DrugBank 5.0, represents the most significant upgrade to the database in more than 10 years. In many cases, existing data content has grown by 100% or more over the last update. For instance, the total number of investigational drugs in the database has grown by almost 300%, the number of drug-drug interactions has grown by nearly 600% and the number of SNP-associated drug effects has grown more than 3000%. Significant improvements have been made to the quantity, quality and consistency of drug indications, drug binding data as well as drug-drug and drug-food interactions. A great deal of brand new data have also been added to DrugBank 5.0. This includes information on the influence of hundreds of drugs on metabolite levels (pharmacometabolomics), gene expression levels (pharmacotranscriptomics) and protein expression levels (pharmacoprotoemics). New data have also been added on the status of hundreds of new drug clinical trials and existing drug repurposing trials. Many other important improvements in the content, interface and performance of the DrugBank website have been made and these should greatly enhance its ease of use, utility and potential applications in many areas of pharmacological research, pharmaceutical science and drug education.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896
|
branch of physics
|
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
|
[
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C60799052",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.66936946,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221"
},
{
"display_name": "Graphene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C30080830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6429572,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917"
},
{
"display_name": "Materials science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6354798,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736"
},
{
"display_name": "Fullerene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162862793",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62781036,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178026"
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{
"display_name": "Field-effect transistor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145598152",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5099684,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176097"
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{
"display_name": "Carbon fibers",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C140205800",
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{
"display_name": "Nanotechnology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4850244,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C192683347",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46418896,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4851798"
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{
"display_name": "Metal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C544153396",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4324594,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426"
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{
"display_name": "Field (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C9652623",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42913753,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109"
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{
"display_name": "Thin film",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19067145",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4247074,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41668004,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Transistor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C172385210",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41515562,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339"
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{
"display_name": "Chemical physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159467904",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.39903018,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702"
},
{
"display_name": "Optoelectronics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.39752585,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091"
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] |
We report a naturally-occurring two-dimensional material (graphene that can be viewed as a gigantic flat fullerene molecule, describe its electronic properties and demonstrate all-metallic field-effect transistor, which uniquely exhibits ballistic transport at submicron distances even at room temperature.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.81.109
|
branch of physics
|
The electronic properties of graphene
|
[
{
"display_name": "Graphene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C30080830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9145218,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7494745,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6190861,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Zigzag",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C192271897",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6140568,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198438"
},
{
"display_name": "Electron",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5951033,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225"
},
{
"display_name": "Dirac (video compression format)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61039578",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49507394,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604279"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum tunnelling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120398109",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48974967,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum Hall effect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200369452",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46131846,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047822"
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{
"display_name": "Stacking",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33347731",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43597585,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210"
},
{
"display_name": "Bilayer graphene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143401881",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42803937,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4156171"
},
{
"display_name": "Electronic structure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86025842",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4275865,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358432"
},
{
"display_name": "Graphene nanoribbons",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C140807948",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42570317,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4148055"
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] |
This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one-atom-thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology. The Dirac electrons behave in unusual ways in tunneling, confinement, and the integer quantum Hall effect. The electronic properties of graphene stacks are discussed and vary with stacking order and number of layers. Edge (surface) states in graphene depend on the edge termination (zigzag or armchair) and affect the physical properties of nanoribbons. Different types of disorder modify the Dirac equation leading to unusual spectroscopic and transport properties. The effects of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in single layer and multilayer graphene are also presented.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.82.3045
|
branch of physics
|
<i>Colloquium</i>: Topological insulators
|
[
{
"display_name": "Topological insulator",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C128911142",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.887226,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1488689"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8690573,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum anomalous Hall effect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777205815",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.62116957,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25304680"
},
{
"display_name": "Majorana fermion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779101571",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.55845726,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065883"
},
{
"display_name": "Topology (electrical circuits)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184720557",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5554583,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049"
},
{
"display_name": "Topological degeneracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199793620",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.5370471,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825030"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.53288734,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Fermion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52233224",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5281807,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44363"
},
{
"display_name": "Topological order",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45646460",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46466744,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17165159"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum Hall effect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200369452",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4603903,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047822"
},
{
"display_name": "Topological quantum computer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187483380",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44793874,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825042"
},
{
"display_name": "Surface states",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79689650",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4442542,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2387099"
},
{
"display_name": "Dirac fermion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79955541",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4135278,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348371"
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{
"display_name": "MAJORANA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778761060",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.39765924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6714234"
},
{
"display_name": "Superconductivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54101563",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3973219,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131"
},
{
"display_name": "Symmetry protected topological order",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C92542899",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.36164653,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661340"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32162562,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84114770",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.30984455,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344"
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] |
Topological insulators are electronic materials that have a bulk band gap like an ordinary insulator but have protected conducting states on their edge or surface. These states are possible due to the combination of spin-orbit interactions and time-reversal symmetry. The two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator is a quantum spin Hall insulator, which is a close cousin of the integer quantum Hall state. A three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator supports novel spin-polarized 2D Dirac fermions on its surface. In this Colloquium the theoretical foundation for topological insulators and superconductors is reviewed and recent experiments are described in which the signatures of topological insulators have been observed. Transport experiments on $\mathrm{Hg}\mathrm{Te}∕\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{Te}$ quantum wells are described that demonstrate the existence of the edge states predicted for the quantum spin Hall insulator. Experiments on ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{x}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$, and ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ are then discussed that establish these materials as 3D topological insulators and directly probe the topology of their surface states. Exotic states are described that can occur at the surface of a 3D topological insulator due to an induced energy gap. A magnetic gap leads to a novel quantum Hall state that gives rise to a topological magnetoelectric effect. A superconducting energy gap leads to a state that supports Majorana fermions and may provide a new venue for realizing proposals for topological quantum computation. Prospects for observing these exotic states are also discussed, as well as other potential device applications of topological insulators.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.83.1057
|
branch of physics
|
Topological insulators and superconductors
|
[
{
"display_name": "Topological insulator",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C128911142",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8592881,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1488689"
},
{
"display_name": "Gapless playback",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24057170",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.72667205,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497305"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6507829,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Topological order",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C45646460",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.588509,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17165159"
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{
"display_name": "Topology (electrical circuits)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184720557",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57237035,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049"
},
{
"display_name": "Majorana fermion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779101571",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5676087,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065883"
},
{
"display_name": "Pairing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C14103023",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5650761,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681459"
},
{
"display_name": "MAJORANA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778761060",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5628848,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6714234"
},
{
"display_name": "Superconductivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54101563",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53992856,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131"
},
{
"display_name": "Surface states",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79689650",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5153165,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2387099"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.50874716,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Symmetry protected topological order",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C92542899",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.48996177,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661340"
},
{
"display_name": "Fermion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52233224",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44949222,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44363"
},
{
"display_name": "Topological degeneracy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199793620",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.42838544,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825030"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84114770",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3270306,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344"
},
{
"display_name": "Surface (topology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776799497",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.31144792,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298"
}
] |
Topological insulators are new states of quantum matter which can not be adiabatically connected to conventional insulators and semiconductors. They are characterized by a full insulating gap in the bulk and gapless edge or surface states which are protected by time-reversal symmetry. These topological materials have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed in a variety of systems, including HgTe quantum wells, BiSb alloys, and Bi$_2$Te$_3$ and Bi$_2$Se$_3$ crystals. We review theoretical models, materials properties and experimental results on two-dimensional and three-dimensional topological insulators, and discuss both the topological band theory and the topological field theory. Topological superconductors have a full pairing gap in the bulk and gapless surface states consisting of Majorana fermions. We review the theory of topological superconductors in close analogy to the theory of topological insulators.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.108.1175
|
branch of physics
|
Theory of Superconductivity
|
[
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7808249,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Superconductivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54101563",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.76324034,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131"
},
{
"display_name": "Excited state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C181500209",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6584357,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328"
},
{
"display_name": "Electron",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147120987",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62377197,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5937158,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Ground state",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C69523127",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5389266,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480008"
},
{
"display_name": "Coulomb",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C9342510",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.51649237,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25406"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62520636",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5109979,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944"
},
{
"display_name": "BCS theory",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121282732",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.49826288,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722131"
},
{
"display_name": "Phonon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24169881",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48750708,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186608"
},
{
"display_name": "Atomic physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184779094",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44778994,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383"
}
] |
A theory of superconductivity is presented, based on the fact that the interaction between electrons resulting from virtual exchange of phonons is attractive when the energy difference between the electrons states involved is less than the phonon energy, $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}$. It is favorable to form a superconducting phase when this attractive interaction dominates the repulsive screened Coulomb interaction. The normal phase is described by the Bloch individual-particle model. The ground state of a superconductor, formed from a linear combination of normal state configurations in which electrons are virtually excited in pairs of opposite spin and momentum, is lower in energy than the normal state by amount proportional to an average ${(\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega})}^{2}$, consistent with the isotope effect. A mutually orthogonal set of excited states in one-to-one correspondence with those of the normal phase is obtained by specifying occupation of certain Bloch states and by using the rest to form a linear combination of virtual pair configurations. The theory yields a second-order phase transition and a Meissner effect in the form suggested by Pippard. Calculated values of specific heats and penetration depths and their temperature variation are in good agreement with experiment. There is an energy gap for individual-particle excitations which decreases from about $3.5k{T}_{c}$ at $T=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K to zero at ${T}_{c}$. Tables of matrix elements of single-particle operators between the excited-state superconducting wave functions, useful for perturbation expansions and calculations of transition probabilities, are given.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1992666
|
branch of physics
|
A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices
|
[
{
"display_name": "Semiconductor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108225325",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.69745195,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.56419206,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Ohmic contact",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138230450",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52414966,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2016597"
},
{
"display_name": "Exciton",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17729963",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47887725,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858289"
},
{
"display_name": "Schottky diode",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205200001",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46450967,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176066"
},
{
"display_name": "Lasing threshold",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40637687",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4623249,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676237"
},
{
"display_name": "Materials science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.44618505,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736"
},
{
"display_name": "Doping",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57863236",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44540256,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571"
},
{
"display_name": "Optoelectronics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49040817",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42412546,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091"
},
{
"display_name": "Diode",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78434282",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3810736,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656"
},
{
"display_name": "Nanotechnology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C171250308",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.30401403,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468"
}
] |
The semiconductor ZnO has gained substantial interest in the research community in part because of its large exciton binding energy (60meV) which could lead to lasing action based on exciton recombination even above room temperature. Even though research focusing on ZnO goes back many decades, the renewed interest is fueled by availability of high-quality substrates and reports of p-type conduction and ferromagnetic behavior when doped with transitions metals, both of which remain controversial. It is this renewed interest in ZnO which forms the basis of this review. As mentioned already, ZnO is not new to the semiconductor field, with studies of its lattice parameter dating back to 1935 by Bunn [Proc. Phys. Soc. London 47, 836 (1935)], studies of its vibrational properties with Raman scattering in 1966 by Damen et al. [Phys. Rev. 142, 570 (1966)], detailed optical studies in 1954 by Mollwo [Z. Angew. Phys. 6, 257 (1954)], and its growth by chemical-vapor transport in 1970 by Galli and Coker [Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 439 (1970)]. In terms of devices, Au Schottky barriers in 1965 by Mead [Phys. Lett. 18, 218 (1965)], demonstration of light-emitting diodes (1967) by Drapak [Semiconductors 2, 624 (1968)], in which Cu2O was used as the p-type material, metal-insulator-semiconductor structures (1974) by Minami et al. [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 13, 1475 (1974)], ZnO∕ZnSe n-p junctions (1975) by Tsurkan et al. [Semiconductors 6, 1183 (1975)], and Al∕Au Ohmic contacts by Brillson [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1378 (1978)] were attained. The main obstacle to the development of ZnO has been the lack of reproducible and low-resistivity p-type ZnO, as recently discussed by Look and Claflin [Phys. Status Solidi B 241, 624 (2004)]. While ZnO already has many industrial applications owing to its piezoelectric properties and band gap in the near ultraviolet, its applications to optoelectronic devices has not yet materialized due chiefly to the lack of p-type epitaxial layers. Very high quality what used to be called whiskers and platelets, the nomenclature for which gave way to nanostructures of late, have been prepared early on and used to deduce much of the principal properties of this material, particularly in terms of optical processes. The suggestion of attainment of p-type conductivity in the last few years has rekindled the long-time, albeit dormant, fervor of exploiting this material for optoelectronic applications. The attraction can simply be attributed to the large exciton binding energy of 60meV of ZnO potentially paving the way for efficient room-temperature exciton-based emitters, and sharp transitions facilitating very low threshold semiconductor lasers. The field is also fueled by theoretical predictions and perhaps experimental confirmation of ferromagnetism at room temperature for potential spintronics applications. This review gives an in-depth discussion of the mechanical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties of ZnO in addition to the technological issues such as growth, defects, p-type doping, band-gap engineering, devices, and nanostructures.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.76.323
|
branch of physics
|
Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
|
[
{
"display_name": "Spintronics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C207999682",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.93384755,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258659"
},
{
"display_name": "Spin engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150365167",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.804304,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577404"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.744758,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Spinplasmonics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62850752",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.68242514,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966780"
},
{
"display_name": "Spin pumping",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166739702",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.6679388,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577412"
},
{
"display_name": "Spin transistor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C76790566",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.65137756,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280841"
},
{
"display_name": "Spin (aerodynamics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42704618",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.605876,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917"
},
{
"display_name": "Spin polarization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21690051",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5989311,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962347"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum decoherence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122527463",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52098423,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578430"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44069302,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Spin Hall effect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C155194400",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42012,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456437"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61696701",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33013833,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766"
}
] |
Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs from charge transport in that spin is a nonconserved quantity in solids due to spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The authors discuss in detail spin decoherence mechanisms in metals and semiconductors. Various theories of spin injection and spin-polarized transport are applied to hybrid structures relevant to spin-based devices and fundamental studies of materials properties. Experimental work is reviewed with the emphasis on projected applications, in which external electric and magnetic fields and illumination by light will be used to control spin and charge dynamics to create new functionalities not feasible or ineffective with conventional electronics.
|
C26873012
|
Condensed matter physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.58.2486
|
branch of physics
|
Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices
|
[
{
"display_name": "Dielectric",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C133386390",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.75867724,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996"
},
{
"display_name": "Superlattice",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105382558",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7568835,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332431"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.74497193,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
},
{
"display_name": "Photon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159317903",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.74093646,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.67025954,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Anderson localization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C133654230",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5175216,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491409"
},
{
"display_name": "Observable",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C32848918",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5171463,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789"
},
{
"display_name": "Pseudogap",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115516489",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.50632226,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7254796"
},
{
"display_name": "Weak localization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C7515221",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.4849334,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2252683"
}
] |
A new mechanism for strong Anderson localization of photons in carefully prepared disordered dielectric superlattices with an everywhere real positive dielectric constant is described. In three dimensions, two photon mobility edges separate high- and low-frequency extended states from an intermediate-frequency pseudogap of localized states arising from remnant geometric Bragg resonances. Experimentally observable consequences are discussed.
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.55.5.469
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Young adult",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205545832",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7049651,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455"
},
{
"display_name": "Period (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781291010",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6761147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580"
},
{
"display_name": "Early adulthood",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993830578",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6477743,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370791"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6329138,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Adult development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C117250062",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6137985,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4685920"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.60528195,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5185267,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175"
},
{
"display_name": "Identity (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778355321",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.51292706,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427"
},
{
"display_name": "Life course approach",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1691868",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44915125,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1811049"
},
{
"display_name": "Adolescent development",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991793063",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44826448,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131774"
}
] |
Emerging adulthood is proposed as a new conception of development for the period from the late teens through the twenties, with a focus on ages 18-25. A theoretical background is presented. Then evidence is provided to support the idea that emerging adulthood is a distinct period demographically, subjectively, and in terms of identity explorations. How emerging adulthood differs from adolescence and young adulthood is explained. Finally, a cultural context for the idea of emerging adulthood is outlined, and it is specified that emerging adulthood exists only in cultures that allow young people a prolonged period of independent role exploration during the late teens and twenties.
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note
|
[
{
"display_name": "Rutter",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778373884",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9789829,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1863018"
},
{
"display_name": "Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776793905",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9574965,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623268"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.83290815,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Prosocial behavior",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158608086",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8016435,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5804858,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.52413064,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C171606756",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4282014,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.38264257,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867"
}
] |
A novel behavioural screening questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), was administered along with Rutter questionnaires to parents and teachers of 403 children drawn from dental and psychiatric clinics. Scores derived from the SDQ and Rutter questionnaires were highly correlated; parent-teacher correlations for the two sets of measures were comparable or favoured the SDQ. The two sets of measures did not differ in their ability to discriminate between psychiatric and dental clinic attenders. These preliminary findings suggest that the SDQ functions as well as the Rutter questionnaires while offering the following additional advantages: a focus on strengths as well as difficulties; better coverage of inattention, peer relationships, and prosocial behaviour; a shorter format; and a single form suitable for both parents and teachers, perhaps thereby increasing parent-teacher correlations.
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
The structure of psychological well-being revisited.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.88755256,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Autonomy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C65414064",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61908925,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105"
},
{
"display_name": "Confirmatory factor analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40722632",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6136074,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.61172134,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
},
{
"display_name": "Neglect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776289891",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.60993785,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931511"
},
{
"display_name": "Life satisfaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780945536",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56604075,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117179"
},
{
"display_name": "Structural equation modeling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71104824",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.54232574,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychological well-being",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C197253505",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.488953,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256391"
},
{
"display_name": "Affect (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776035688",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4421399,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43586236,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
},
{
"display_name": "Well-being",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776420229",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4263118,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7981051"
}
] |
A theoretical model of psychological well-being that encompasses 6 distinct dimensions of wellness (Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, Positive Relations with Others, Purpose in Life, Self-Acceptance) was tested with data from a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 1,108), aged 25 and older, who participated in telephone interviews. Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the proposed 6-factor model, with a single second-order super factor. The model was superior in fit over single-factor and other artifactual models. Age and sex differences on the various well-being dimensions replicated prior findings. Comparisons with other frequently used indicators (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction) demonstrated that the latter neglect key aspects of positive functioning emphasized in theories of health and well-being.
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/14.1.249
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
Parent-Offspring Conflict
|
[
{
"display_name": "Offspring",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112672928",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.99033296,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526"
},
{
"display_name": "Parent–offspring conflict",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190642766",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.8619382,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334080"
},
{
"display_name": "Parental investment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153112689",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.60887754,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526071"
},
{
"display_name": "Affect (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776035688",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5276605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.51374185,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.48340932,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Paternal care",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111507845",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.41757065,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17074181"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35458213,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.33015898,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
When parent-offspring relations in sexually reproducing species are viewed from the standpoint of the offspring as well as the parent, conflict is seen to be an expected feature of such relations. In particular, parent and offspring are expected to disagree over how long the period of parental investment should last, over the amount of parental investment that should be given, and over the altruistic and egoistic tendencies of the offspring as these tendencies affect other relatives. In addition, under certain conditions parents and offspring are expected to disagree over the preferred sex of the potential offspring. In general, parent-offspring conflict is expected to increase during the period of parental care, and offspring are expected to employ psychological weapons in order to compete with their parents. Detailed data on mother-offspring relations in mammals are consistent with the arguments presented. Conflict in some species, including the human species, is expected to extend to the adult reproductive role of the offspring: under certain conditions parents are expected to attempt to mold an offspring, against its better interests, into a permanent nonreproductive.
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back From Negative Emotional Experiences.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8541484,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Meaning (existential)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6131275,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychological resilience",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137176749",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59626096,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5888462,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
},
{
"display_name": "Arousal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36951298",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5840152,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784"
},
{
"display_name": "Positive psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12505134",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4948179,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718809"
},
{
"display_name": "Negative emotion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3020014160",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45788753,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6987190"
},
{
"display_name": "Empirical research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120936955",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44888464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40942603,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
}
] |
Theory indicates that resilient individuals "bounce back" from stressful experiences quickly and effectively.Few studies, however, have provided empirical evidence for this theory.The broadenand-build theory of positive emotions (B.L. Fredrickson, 1998(B.L. Fredrickson, , 2001) ) is used as a framework for understanding psychological resilience.The authors used a multimethod approach in 3 studies to predict that resilient people use positive emotions to rebound from, and find positive meaning in, stressful encounters.Mediational analyses revealed that the experience of positive emotions contributed, in part, to participants' abilities to achieve efficient emotion regulation, demonstrated by accelerated cardiovascular recovery from negative emotional arousal (Studies 1 and 2) and by finding positive meaning in negative circumstances (Study 3).Implications for research on resilience and positive emotions are discussed.
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.2007.00010.x
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution
|
[
{
"display_name": "Temperament",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61644593",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.943473,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80157"
},
{
"display_name": "Trait",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C106934330",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6490909,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873"
},
{
"display_name": "Boldness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775948548",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.61069316,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362547"
},
{
"display_name": "Terminology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C547195049",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57186675,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5553217,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150"
},
{
"display_name": "Novelty seeking",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776529864",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5119802,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4368945"
},
{
"display_name": "Behavioral syndrome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75126325",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48355338,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17071016"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.47751728,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C135811302",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46452177,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382557"
},
{
"display_name": "Shyness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129573333",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4242722,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913668"
},
{
"display_name": "Novelty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778738651",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41849637,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41734245,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3585634,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
Temperament describes the idea that individual behavioural differences are repeatable over time and across situations. This common phenomenon covers numerous traits, such as aggressiveness, avoidance of novelty, willingness to take risks, exploration, and sociality. The study of temperament is central to animal psychology, behavioural genetics, pharmacology, and animal husbandry, but relatively few studies have examined the ecology and evolution of temperament traits. This situation is surprising, given that temperament is likely to exert an important influence on many aspects of animal ecology and evolution, and that individual variation in temperament appears to be pervasive amongst animal species. Possible explanations for this neglect of temperament include a perceived irrelevance, an insufficient understanding of the link between temperament traits and fitness, and a lack of coherence in terminology with similar traits often given different names, or different traits given the same name. We propose that temperament can and should be studied within an evolutionary ecology framework and provide a terminology that could be used as a working tool for ecological studies of temperament. Our terminology includes five major temperament trait categories: shyness-boldness, exploration-avoidance, activity, sociability and aggressiveness. This terminology does not make inferences regarding underlying dispositions or psychological processes, which may have restrained ecologists and evolutionary biologists from working on these traits. We present extensive literature reviews that demonstrate that temperament traits are heritable, and linked to fitness and to several other traits of importance to ecology and evolution. Furthermore, we describe ecologically relevant measurement methods and point to several ecological and evolutionary topics that would benefit from considering temperament, such as phenotypic plasticity, conservation biology, population sampling, and invasion biology.
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
Relational Aggression, Gender, and Social-Psychological Adjustment
|
[
{
"display_name": "Aggression",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779448149",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9226258,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.86436135,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Loneliness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779998236",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.73527724,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223270"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6618161,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
},
{
"display_name": "Poison control",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3017944768",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.459799,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463"
},
{
"display_name": "Social isolation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776893239",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4407718,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778765"
},
{
"display_name": "Injury prevention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190385971",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43075314,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3825009,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
}
] |
Prior studies of childhood aggression have demonstrated that, as a group, boys are more aggressive than girls. We hypothesized that this finding reflects a lack of research on forms of aggression that are relevant to young females rather than an actual gender difference in levels of overall aggressiveness. In the present study, a form of aggression hypothesized to be typical of girls, relational aggression, was assessed with a peer nomination instrument for a sample of 491 third-through sixth-grade children. Overt aggression (i.e., physical and verbal aggression as assessed in past research) and social-psychological adjustment were also assessed. Results provide evidence for the validity and distinctiveness of relational aggression. Further, they indicated that, as predicted, girls were significantly more relationally aggressive than were boys. Results also indicated that relationally aggressive children may be at risk for serious adjustment difficulties (e.g., they were significantly more rejected and reported significantly higher levels of loneliness, depression, and isolation relative to their nonrelationally aggressive peers).
|
C138496976
|
Developmental psychology
|
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3702_4
|
scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their lives
|
Academic Emotions in Students' Self-Regulated Learning and Achievement: A Program of Qualitative and Quantitative Research
|
[
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8870264,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Boredom",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777589236",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7276622,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34255"
},
{
"display_name": "Shame",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781283010",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.69320834,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152282"
},
{
"display_name": "Academic achievement",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781206393",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62241244,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419"
},
{
"display_name": "Anger",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779302386",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61909103,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871"
},
{
"display_name": "Pride",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779728303",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61246765,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3071551"
},
{
"display_name": "Test anxiety",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781275859",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6090392,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426787"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.52257526,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
},
{
"display_name": "Anxiety",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C558461103",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48557323,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430"
},
{
"display_name": "Educational psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C134895398",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47699124,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59157"
},
{
"display_name": "Personality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187288502",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41670972,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40801784,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
}
] |
Academic emotions have largely been neglected by educational psychology, with the exception of test anxiety. In 5 qualitative studies, it was found that students experience a rich diversity of emotions in academic settings. Anxiety was reported most often, but overall, positive emotions were described no less frequently than negative emotions. Based on the studies in this article, taxonomies of different academic emotions and a self-report instrument measuring students' enjoyment, hope, pride, relief, anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, and boredom (Academic Emotions Questionnaire [AEQ]) were developed. Using the AEQ, assumptions of a cognitive-motivational model of the achievement effects of emotions, and of a control/value theory of their antecedents (Pekrun, 1992b, 2000), were tested in 7 cross-sectional, 3 longitudinal, and 1 diary study using samples of university and school students. Results showed that academic emotions are significantly related to students' motivation, learning strategies, cognitive resources, self-regulation, and academic achievement, as well as to personality and classroom antecedents. The findings indicate that affective research in educational psychology should acknowledge emotional diversity in academic settings by addressing the full range of emotions experienced by students at school and university.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.59.2.309
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
Superoxide Dismutases
|
[
{
"display_name": "Superoxide dismutase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775838275",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.71943825,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410776"
},
{
"display_name": "Cyanide",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778455166",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.66266024,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55076544"
},
{
"display_name": "Enzyme",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C181199279",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5978386,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047"
},
{
"display_name": "Avena",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779908699",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59510106,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146760"
},
{
"display_name": "Shoot",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21410773",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5722053,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869"
},
{
"display_name": "Peroxidase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162008176",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.55748844,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419305"
},
{
"display_name": "Pisum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779535332",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5103101,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144795"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.45961612,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Chlorophyll",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776373379",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43745548,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177"
},
{
"display_name": "Biochemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42190418,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094"
},
{
"display_name": "Sativum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775997218",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42120072,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166350"
},
{
"display_name": "Enzyme assay",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C28212737",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41951048,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381543"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4173399,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Superoxide",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780795997",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41653776,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413283"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38775963,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3580157,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441"
},
{
"display_name": "Food science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31903555",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3245803,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030"
}
] |
Shoots, roots, and seeds of corn (Zea mays L., cv. Michigan 500), oats (Avena sativa L., cv. Au Sable), and peas (Pisum sativum L., cv. Wando) were analyzed for their superoxide dismutase content using a photochemical assay system consisting of methionine, riboflavin, and p-nitro blue tetrazolium. The enzyme is present in the shoots, roots, and seeds of the three species. On a dry weight basis, shoots contain more enzyme than roots. In seeds, the enzyme is present in both the embryo and the storage tissue. Electrophoresis indicated a total of 10 distinct forms of the enzyme. Corn contained seven of these forms and oats three. Peas contained one of the corn and two of the oat enzymes. Nine of the enzyme activities were eliminated with cyanide treatment suggesting that they may be cupro-zinc enzymes, whereas one was cyanide-resistant and may be a manganese enzyme. Some of the leaf superoxide dismutases were found primarily in mitochondria or chloroplasts. Peroxidases at high concentrations interfere with the assay. In test tube assays of crude extracts from seedlings, the interference was negligible. On gels, however, peroxidases may account for two of the 10 superoxide dismutase forms.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
African Journal of Agricultural Research
|
[
{
"display_name": "Backcrossing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C72472911",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8728322,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2004691"
},
{
"display_name": "Fusarium wilt",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776949228",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.86221033,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475267"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7735305,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Inoculation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180032290",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.70490897,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664296"
},
{
"display_name": "Cultivar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C197321923",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.69210184,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886"
},
{
"display_name": "Fusarium oxysporum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779430813",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67649406,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139958"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5490209,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5043982,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603"
},
{
"display_name": "Flora (microbiology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777234453",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48475716,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2033092"
},
{
"display_name": "Fusarium",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778867309",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4333282,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131672"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37905848,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441"
}
] |
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum F. sp.phaseoli caused growers to abandon the most popular climbing bean cultivar, Umubano (G2333) in Rwanda.The present objective was to determine the nature of inheritance of fusarium wilt resistance and recommend a breeding strategy to introduce resistance into susceptible cultivars.Two cultivars, vuninkingi (G685) and flora were donors of resistance to fusarium wilt whereas G2333 was highly susceptible.Injured root tips of 10-day old seedlings of the parents, progenies of F 1 and F 2 (G2333 × G685) and (G2333 × Flora), backcrosses F 2 (G685 × Flora) were inoculated with 10 6 conidia ml -1 of Rwandan isolate of F. oxysporum F. sp phaseoli (FOP-RW2) in a glasshouse.The disease severity was rated 28 days later using the CIAT scale of 1 -9, where 1 -3 represent resistant, 4 -6 tolerant and 7 -9 susceptible reactions.The chi-square analysis was performed to determine the Mendelian segregation ratios of resistant and susceptibility among the inoculated progenies.The F 1 and the backcross progenies to the resistant parents segregated in the ratio of 1:0 as did the F 2 population (G685 × Flora).The F 2 progenies segregated in the ratio of 3:1.The backcross progenies to the susceptible parent segregated in the ratio of 1:1.Resistance to fusarium wilt is conditioned by a single highly heritable major dominant gene.The resistance can be achieved by backcross breeding.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00001
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
Control of yellow and purple nutsedge in elevated CO2 environments with glyphosate and halosulfuron
|
[
{
"display_name": "Glyphosate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780910873",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8781383,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407232"
},
{
"display_name": "Cyperus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778998384",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.79123205,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161224"
},
{
"display_name": "Shoot",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21410773",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6669397,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6623873,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Cyperus rotundus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778956855",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6445686,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391422"
},
{
"display_name": "Weed",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775891814",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.60173756,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879"
},
{
"display_name": "Crop",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137580998",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.558833,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352"
},
{
"display_name": "Agronomy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6557445",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5132463,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.49660617,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Carbon dioxide",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C530467964",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46645254,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997"
},
{
"display_name": "Weed control",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147273371",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4659653,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141"
}
] |
Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) have significantly increased over the past century and are expected to continue rising in the future. While elevated levels of CO2 will likely result in higher crop yields, weed growth is also highly likely to increase, which could increase the incidence of herbicide resistant biotypes. An experiment was conducted in 2012 to determine the effects of an elevated CO2 environment on glyphosate and halosulfuron efficacy for postemergence control of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L. and C. esculentus L.). Both species of nutsedge where grown in 3.0-L containers under either ambient or elevated (ambient + 200 µmol mol-1) CO2 in open-top field chambers and treated with either 0.5×, 1.0×, or 1.5× of the manufacturer’s labeled rate of halosulfuron, glyphosate, or a tank mix of the two herbicides. The growth of both nutsedge species responded positively to elevated CO2, purple nutsedge had increased shoot and root dry weights and yellow nutsedge had increased shoot, root, and tuber dry weights and counts. Few treatment differences were observed among the herbicides at any of the rates tested. At three weeks following herbicide application, both purple and yellow nutsedge were adequately controlled by both herbicides and combinations at all rates tested, regardless of CO2 concentration. Based on this study, it is likely that predicted future CO2 levels will have little impact on the efficacy of single applications of halosulfuron or glyphosate for control of purple and yellow nutsedge at the growth stages described here, although scenarios demanding more persistent control efforts remain a question.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00778.x
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat
|
[
{
"display_name": "Proline",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779815552",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7517592,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484583"
},
{
"display_name": "Osmolyte",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127160389",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62340796,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415608"
},
{
"display_name": "Oxidative stress",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776151105",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49345532,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.47768694,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Point of delivery",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137776501",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47387028,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208270"
},
{
"display_name": "Anthocyanin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778945092",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47371644,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262547"
},
{
"display_name": "Drought stress",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992468275",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4637509,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12142810"
},
{
"display_name": "Water content",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24939127",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45865768,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499"
},
{
"display_name": "Lipid peroxidation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780829032",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44822106,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539"
},
{
"display_name": "Antioxidant",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778004101",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44037336,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43625823,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Food science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31903555",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41502458,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.40578374,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35526073,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441"
}
] |
Abstract It emerged recently that there is an inter‐relationship between drought and ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation in plant responses, in that both stresses provoke an oxidative burst. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects and interaction of drought and UV‐B in wheat and pea. The absence of changes in relative leaf water content (RWC) after UV‐B treatments indicate that changes in water content were not involved. RWC was the main factor resulting in reduced growth in response to drought. Increases in anthocyanin and phenols were detected after exposure to UV‐B. The increases do not appear to be of sufficient magnitude to act as a UV‐B screen. UV‐B application caused greater membrane damage than drought stress, as assessed by lipid peroxidation as well as osmolyte leakage. An increase in the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes was measured after UV‐B alone as well as after application to droughted plants. Proline increased primarily in drought‐stressed pea or wheat. Proline may be the drought‐induced factor which has a protective role in response to UV‐B. The physiological and biochemical parameters measured indicate the UV‐B light has stronger stress effectors than drought on the growth of seedlings of both species. The two environmental stresses acted synergistically to induce protective mechanisms in that pre‐application of either stress reduced the damage caused by subsequent application of the other stress.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.57.2.315
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
Catalase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenoloxidase Activities during Rice Leaf Senescence
|
[
{
"display_name": "Catalase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778979269",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.93799174,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106951292"
},
{
"display_name": "Peroxidase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162008176",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.91986203,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419305"
},
{
"display_name": "Senescence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C522857546",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.83263427,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070979"
},
{
"display_name": "Oryza sativa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778543611",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7885792,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161426"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4885684,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4761812,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43638492,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38321564,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Enzyme",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C181199279",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.34150016,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047"
}
] |
The activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase were studied in attached and detached rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Ratna) leaves. Catalase activity decreased while peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities increased during senescence of both attached and detached rice leaves. Kinetic (5 mum) and benzimidazole (1 mm), which are known to delay the senescence of detached rice leaves, retarded the decrease of catalase activity during detached leaf senescence. On the other hand, these chemicals accelerated the increase of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities over the water control. Total phenolics accumulated in detached and darkened rice leaves, but in attached leaf senescence in light no accumulation of phenolics was observed.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc36010-1
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
QUALITY APPRAISAL OF WHITE SPRUCE AND WHITE PINE SEEDLING STOCK IN NURSERIES
|
[
{
"display_name": "Seedling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776096895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.94949806,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709"
},
{
"display_name": "Collar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781448223",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.74482745,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108904"
},
{
"display_name": "Dry weight",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150668497",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.602261,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826"
},
{
"display_name": "Shoot",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21410773",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53121936,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869"
},
{
"display_name": "White (mutation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56273599",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4846128,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4707297,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4506998,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Forestry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C97137747",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43873966,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112"
},
{
"display_name": "Agronomy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6557445",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37757543,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32839313,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441"
}
] |
Total seedling weight, shoot weight and root weight in grams on an oven dry basis, root collar diameter in millimeters, and height in centimeters were used to develop an integrated index of seedling quality.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0134
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
NaCl-induced Senescence in Leaves of Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Cultivars Differing in Salinity Resistance
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8156778,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Cultivar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C197321923",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.81375015,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886"
},
{
"display_name": "Senescence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C522857546",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7247236,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070979"
},
{
"display_name": "Oryza sativa",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778543611",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.69873834,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161426"
},
{
"display_name": "Chlorophyll",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776373379",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6912644,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177"
},
{
"display_name": "Salinity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C129513315",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6618983,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615"
},
{
"display_name": "Membrane permeability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992270614",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6617374,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29548"
},
{
"display_name": "Chlorophyll fluorescence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24630173",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.53280616,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075297"
},
{
"display_name": "Proline",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779815552",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.498497,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484583"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48691666,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441"
},
{
"display_name": "Malondialdehyde",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778401633",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45313826,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44992885,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Oryza",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777923347",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.43278784,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690633"
}
] |
The influence of NaCl on senescence-related parameters (protein and chlorophyll concentrations, membrane permeability and chlorophyll fluorescence) was investigated in young and old leaves of five rice cultivars differing in salt resistance. NaCl hastened the naturally-occurring senescence of rice leaves which normally appears during leaf ontogeny: it decreased chlorophyll and protein concentrations and increased membrane permeability and malondialdehyde synthesis. Such an acceleration of deteriorative processes affected all leaves in salt-sensitive cultivars while it was more marked in oldest than in youngest leaves of salt-resistant genotypes. NaCl-induced senescence also involved specific modifications, such as an increase in basal non-variable chlorophyll fluorescence ( F0 ) recorded in all cultivars or a transient increase in soluble protein concentration recorded in salt-resistant genotypes only. Alteration of membrane permeability appeared as one of the first symptoms of senescence in rice leaves and allowed discrimination among cultivars after only 7 d of stress. In contrast, Fv / Fm ratio (variable fluorescence/maximal fluorescence) was the same for all cultivars during the first 18 d of stress and thus could not be used for identifying salt-resistant rice exposed to normal light conditions. Relationships between parameters involved in leaf senescence are discussed in relation to salinity resistance of rice cultivars.
|
C144027150
|
Horticulture
|
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000892m
|
culture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty
|
Flavonoid (Myricetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin, and Apigenin) Content of Edible Tropical Plants
|
[
{
"display_name": "Myricetin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778173338",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.8442874,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q951449"
},
{
"display_name": "Kaempferol",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777810353",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.8136618,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393336"
},
{
"display_name": "Quercetin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781263971",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.80697805,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409478"
},
{
"display_name": "Apigenin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778609962",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.7955663,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424567"
},
{
"display_name": "Luteolin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776080593",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.717899,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415011"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6960616,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Flavonoid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779054382",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.64323235,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72185287"
},
{
"display_name": "Horticulture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144027150",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43355563,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803"
},
{
"display_name": "Botany",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59822182",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42213565,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441"
},
{
"display_name": "Food science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31903555",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33161628,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030"
}
] |
Studies were conducted on the flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin) contents of 62 edible tropical plants. The highest total flavonoids content was in onion leaves (1497.5 mg/kg quercetin, 391.0 mg/kg luteolin, and 832.0 mg/kg kaempferol), followed by Semambu leaves (2041.0 mg/kg), bird chili (1663.0 mg/kg), black tea (1491.0 mg/kg), papaya shoots (1264.0 mg/kg), and guava (1128.5 mg/kg). The major flavonoid in these plant extracts is quercetin, followed by myricetin and kaempferol. Luteolin could be detected only in broccoli (74.5 mg/kg dry weight), green chili (33.0 mg/kg), bird chili (1035.0 mg/kg), onion leaves (391.0 mg/kg), belimbi fruit (202.0 mg/kg), belimbi leaves (464.5 mg/kg), French bean (11.0 mg/kg), carrot (37.5 mg/kg), white radish (9.0 mg/kg), local celery (80.5 mg/kg), limau purut leaves (30.5 mg/kg), and dried asam gelugur (107.5 mg/kg). Apigenin was found only in Chinese cabbage (187.0 mg/kg), bell pepper (272.0 mg/kg), garlic (217.0 mg/kg), belimbi fruit (458.0 mg/kg), French peas (176.0 mg/kg), snake gourd (42.4 mg/kg), guava (579.0 mg/kg), wolfberry leaves (547.0 mg/kg), local celery (338.5 mg/kg), daun turi (39.5 mg/kg), and kadok (34.5 mg/kg). In vegetables, quercetin glycosides predominate, but glycosides of kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin are also present. Fruits contain almost exclusively quercetin glycosides, whereas kaempferol and myricetin glycosides are found only in trace quantities. Keywords: Flavonoids; edible tropical plants; myricetin; quercetin; kaempferol; luteolin; apigenin
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504978102
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
Obesity alters gut microbial ecology
|
[
{
"display_name": "Firmicutes",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777695942",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.9508976,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149075"
},
{
"display_name": "Bacteroidetes",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777385719",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.8924788,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061265"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.77819204,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Gut flora",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C539455810",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.64857024,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5170965,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
},
{
"display_name": "Obesity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C511355011",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4749646,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174"
},
{
"display_name": "Offspring",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112672928",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46701413,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526"
},
{
"display_name": "GenBank",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79029880",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41084218,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901755"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40559015,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3261857,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
}
] |
We have analyzed 5,088 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the distal intestinal (cecal) microbiota of genetically obese ob / ob mice, lean ob /+ and wild-type siblings, and their ob /+ mothers, all fed the same polysaccharide-rich diet. Although the majority of mouse gut species are unique, the mouse and human microbiota(s) are similar at the division (superkingdom) level, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominating. Microbial-community composition is inherited from mothers. However, compared with lean mice and regardless of kinship, ob / ob animals have a 50% reduction in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and a proportional increase in Firmicutes. These changes, which are division-wide, indicate that, in this model, obesity affects the diversity of the gut microbiota and suggest that intentional manipulation of community structure may be useful for regulating energy balance in obese individuals.
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
Barcoding animal life: cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species
|
[
{
"display_name": "DNA barcoding",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141732470",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.83501923,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154642"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8284763,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Mitochondrial DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24586158",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.70983714,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075"
},
{
"display_name": "Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778200843",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.7057355,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14865314"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6987442,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400"
},
{
"display_name": "Intraspecific competition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C131892835",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6469276,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770985"
},
{
"display_name": "Cytochrome c oxidase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C123249941",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5824261,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306116"
},
{
"display_name": "Clade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44465124",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.53682065,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623"
},
{
"display_name": "Phylum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91066513",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52954304,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38348"
},
{
"display_name": "Taxonomy (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58642233",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4834067,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42672703,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
},
{
"display_name": "Phylogenetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90132467",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42409915,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.36150652,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32620707,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
}
] |
With millions of species and their life-stage transformations, the animal kingdom provides a challenging target for taxonomy. Recent work has suggested that a DNA-based identification system, founded on the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), can aid the resolution of this diversity. While past work has validated the ability of COI sequences to diagnose species in certain taxonomic groups, the present study extends these analyses across the animal kingdom. The results indicate that sequence divergences at COI regularly enable the discrimination of closely allied species in all animal phyla except the Cnidaria. This success in species diagnosis reflects both the high rates of sequence change at COI in most animal groups and constraints on intraspecific mitochondrial DNA divergence arising, at least in part, through selective sweeps mediated via interactions with the nuclear genome.
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1716
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
DNA barcoding Australia's fish species
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8417506,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Phylogenetic tree",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C193252679",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6975256,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA barcoding",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141732470",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.68587303,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154642"
},
{
"display_name": "Genus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C157369684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6216961,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34740"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5610415,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
},
{
"display_name": "Taxonomic rank",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189592816",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5205444,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427626"
},
{
"display_name": "Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778200843",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.47177076,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14865314"
},
{
"display_name": "Clade",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44465124",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.43365002,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623"
},
{
"display_name": "Phylogenetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90132467",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4175282,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34966633,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.30130404,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150"
}
] |
Two hundred and seven species of fish, mostly Australian marine fish, were sequenced (barcoded) for a 655 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (cox1). Most species were represented by multiple specimens, and 754 sequences were generated. The GC content of the 143 species of teleosts was higher than the 61 species of sharks and rays (47.1% versus 42.2%), largely due to a higher GC content of codon position 3 in the former (41.1% versus 29.9%). Rays had higher GC than sharks (44.7% versus 41.0%), again largely due to higher GC in the 3rd codon position in the former (36.3% versus 26.8%). Average within-species, genus, family, order and class Kimura two parameter (K2P) distances were 0.39%, 9.93%, 15.46%, 22.18% and 23.27%, respectively. All species could be differentiated by their cox1 sequence, although single individuals of each of two species had haplotypes characteristic of a congener. Although DNA barcoding aims to develop species identification systems, some phylogenetic signal was apparent in the data. In the neighbour-joining tree for all 754 sequences, four major clusters were apparent: chimaerids, rays, sharks and teleosts. Species within genera invariably clustered, and generally so did genera within families. Three taxonomic groups-dogfishes of the genus Squalus, flatheads of the family Platycephalidae, and tunas of the genus Thunnus-were examined more closely. The clades revealed after bootstrapping generally corresponded well with expectations. Individuals from operational taxonomic units designated as Squalus species B through F formed individual clades, supporting morphological evidence for each of these being separate species. We conclude that cox1 sequencing, or 'barcoding', can be used to identify fish species.
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155725
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
Evolution of Mammals and Their Gut Microbes
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8403062,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Omnivore",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11796040",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.75682175,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164509"
},
{
"display_name": "Metagenomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15151743",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7277108,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903778"
},
{
"display_name": "Host (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126831891",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57603383,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673"
},
{
"display_name": "Coevolution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33009525",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57555586,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208841"
},
{
"display_name": "Microbiome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143121216",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.54645264,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402"
},
{
"display_name": "Phylogenetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90132467",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5221394,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48727596,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
},
{
"display_name": "Gut flora",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C539455810",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47477815,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47128978,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150"
},
{
"display_name": "Vertebrate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778961482",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41200098,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25241"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40104416,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.31610715,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
}
] |
Mammals are metagenomic in that they are composed of not only their own gene complements but also those of all of their associated microbes. To understand the coevolution of the mammals and their indigenous microbial communities, we conducted a network-based analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of humans and 59 other mammalian species living in two zoos and in the wild. The results indicate that host diet and phylogeny both influence bacterial diversity, which increases from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory; that bacterial communities codiversified with their hosts; and that the gut microbiota of humans living a modern life-style is typical of omnivorous primates.
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9274513,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Lactobacillus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780206646",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.73367834,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061596"
},
{
"display_name": "Lactobacillus crispatus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780236403",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.71096903,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355641"
},
{
"display_name": "Lactobacillaceae",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780437316",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5452623,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578677"
},
{
"display_name": "Taxonomy (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58642233",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.508095,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5063597,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
},
{
"display_name": "Lactobacillus acidophilus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777221637",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.46547434,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132644"
},
{
"display_name": "Phylogenetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90132467",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41883132,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184"
}
] |
The genus Lactobacillus comprises 261 species (at March 2020) that are extremely diverse at phenotypic, ecological and genotypic levels. This study evaluated the taxonomy of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae on the basis of whole genome sequences. Parameters that were evaluated included core genome phylogeny, (conserved) pairwise average amino acid identity, clade-specific signature genes, physiological criteria and the ecology of the organisms. Based on this polyphasic approach, we propose reclassification of the genus Lactobacillus into 25 genera including the emended genus Lactobacillus , which includes host-adapted organisms that have been referred to as the Lactobacillus delbrueckii group, Paralactobacillus and 23 novel genera for which the names Holzapfelia , Amylolactobacillus , Bombilactobacillus , Companilactobacillus , Lapidilactobacillus , Agrilactobacillus , Schleiferilactobacillus , Loigolactobacilus , Lacticaseibacillus , Latilactobacillus , Dellaglioa , Liquorilactobacillus , Ligilactobacillus , Lactiplantibacillus , Furfurilactobacillus , Paucilactobacillus , Limosilactobacillus , Fructilactobacillus , Acetilactobacillus , Apilactobacillus , Levilactobacillus , Secundilactobacillus and Lentilactobacillus are proposed. We also propose to emend the description of the family Lactobacillaceae to include all genera that were previously included in families Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae . The generic term ‘lactobacilli’ will remain useful to designate all organisms that were classified as Lactobacillaceae until 2020. This reclassification reflects the phylogenetic position of the micro-organisms, and groups lactobacilli into robust clades with shared ecological and metabolic properties, as exemplified for the emended genus Lactobacillus encompassing species adapted to vertebrates (such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Lactobacillus iners , Lactobacillus crispatus , Lactobacillus jensensii , Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus acidophilus ) or invertebrates (such as Lactobacillus apis and Lactobacillus bombicola ).
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1644/06-mamm-f-185r1.1
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research
|
[
{
"display_name": "Geography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.49682048,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46225375,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34536698,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
Guidelines for use of wild mammal species
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050177
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
Development of the Human Infant Intestinal Microbiota
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9083333,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Pyrosequencing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C125009961",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5523114,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2342248"
},
{
"display_name": "Human gastrointestinal tract",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778546792",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.54182696,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11829360"
},
{
"display_name": "Ribosomal RNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67905577",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.51762563,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215980"
},
{
"display_name": "Metagenomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15151743",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.50825924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903778"
},
{
"display_name": "Microbiome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143121216",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4634523,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecosystem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110872660",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42148834,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813"
},
{
"display_name": "Microbial ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C69562835",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41889936,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054637"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40702838,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40511546,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
},
{
"display_name": "Ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3701596,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3367039,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400"
}
] |
Almost immediately after a human being is born, so too is a new microbial ecosystem, one that resides in that person's gastrointestinal tract. Although it is a universal and integral part of human biology, the temporal progression of this process, the sources of the microbes that make up the ecosystem, how and why it varies from one infant to another, and how the composition of this ecosystem influences human physiology, development, and disease are still poorly understood. As a step toward systematically investigating these questions, we designed a microarray to detect and quantitate the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of most currently recognized species and taxonomic groups of bacteria. We used this microarray, along with sequencing of cloned libraries of PCR-amplified SSU rDNA, to profile the microbial communities in an average of 26 stool samples each from 14 healthy, full-term human infants, including a pair of dizygotic twins, beginning with the first stool after birth and continuing at defined intervals throughout the first year of life. To investigate possible origins of the infant microbiota, we also profiled vaginal and milk samples from most of the mothers, and stool samples from all of the mothers, most of the fathers, and two siblings. The composition and temporal patterns of the microbial communities varied widely from baby to baby. Despite considerable temporal variation, the distinct features of each baby's microbial community were recognizable for intervals of weeks to months. The strikingly parallel temporal patterns of the twins suggested that incidental environmental exposures play a major role in determining the distinctive characteristics of the microbial community in each baby. By the end of the first year of life, the idiosyncratic microbial ecosystems in each baby, although still distinct, had converged toward a profile characteristic of the adult gastrointestinal tract.
|
C90856448
|
Zoology
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020312
|
study of the animal kingdom
|
Identification of Birds through DNA Barcodes
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.92416424,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA barcoding",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141732470",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8970931,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154642"
},
{
"display_name": "Barcode",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776841711",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7913226,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5955732,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400"
},
{
"display_name": "Intraspecific competition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C131892835",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5942475,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770985"
},
{
"display_name": "Mitochondrial DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24586158",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5751637,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27075"
},
{
"display_name": "Identification (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C116834253",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5449054,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA sequencing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C51679486",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4676461,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546"
},
{
"display_name": "Taxon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71640776",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45586514,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521"
},
{
"display_name": "Vertebrate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778961482",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44696897,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25241"
},
{
"display_name": "Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778200843",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.41398907,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14865314"
},
{
"display_name": "Zoology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4073007,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431"
}
] |
Short DNA sequences from a standardized region of the genome provide a DNA barcode for identifying species. Compiling a public library of DNA barcodes linked to named specimens could provide a new master key for identifying species, one whose power will rise with increased taxon coverage and with faster, cheaper sequencing. Recent work suggests that sequence diversity in a 648-bp region of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), might serve as a DNA barcode for the identification of animal species. This study tested the effectiveness of a COI barcode in discriminating bird species, one of the largest and best-studied vertebrate groups. We determined COI barcodes for 260 species of North American birds and found that distinguishing species was generally straightforward. All species had a different COI barcode(s), and the differences between closely related species were, on average, 18 times higher than the differences within species. Our results identified four probable new species of North American birds, suggesting that a global survey will lead to the recognition of many additional bird species. The finding of large COI sequence differences between, as compared to small differences within, species confirms the effectiveness of COI barcodes for the identification of bird species. This result plus those from other groups of animals imply that a standard screening threshold of sequence difference (10x average intraspecific difference) could speed the discovery of new animal species. The growing evidence for the effectiveness of DNA barcodes as a basis for species identification supports an international exercise that has recently begun to assemble a comprehensive library of COI sequences linked to named specimens.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data
|
[
{
"display_name": "Preprocessor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34736171",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.82191163,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.77883565,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Flexibility (engineering)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780598303",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.70838046,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492"
},
{
"display_name": "Java",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548217200",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59306896,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.54057735,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Data pre-processing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10551718",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53004146,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44586268,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065"
},
{
"display_name": "Operating system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111919701",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3283515,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135"
}
] |
Motivation: Although many next-generation sequencing (NGS) read preprocessing tools already existed, we could not find any tool or combination of tools that met our requirements in terms of flexibility, correct handling of paired-end data and high performance. We have developed Trimmomatic as a more flexible and efficient preprocessing tool, which could correctly handle paired-end data.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7910477,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Suite",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79581498",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7375206,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530"
},
{
"display_name": "Annotation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776321320",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6916934,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525"
},
{
"display_name": "Unix",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112968700",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.599407,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368"
},
{
"display_name": "Source code",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43126263",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59766454,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.58354616,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Genomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189206191",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.58176076,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4782573,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Software suite",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778736646",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45699733,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143070"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43488503,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Feature (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776401178",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42856082,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496"
},
{
"display_name": "Genome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.30375743,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020"
}
] |
Testing for correlations between different sets of genomic features is a fundamental task in genomics research. However, searching for overlaps between features with existing web-based methods is complicated by the massive datasets that are routinely produced with current sequencing technologies. Fast and flexible tools are therefore required to ask complex questions of these data in an efficient manner.This article introduces a new software suite for the comparison, manipulation and annotation of genomic features in Browser Extensible Data (BED) and General Feature Format (GFF) format. BEDTools also supports the comparison of sequence alignments in BAM format to both BED and GFF features. The tools are extremely efficient and allow the user to compare large datasets (e.g. next-generation sequencing data) with both public and custom genome annotation tracks. BEDTools can be combined with one another as well as with standard UNIX commands, thus facilitating routine genomics tasks as well as pipelines that can quickly answer intricate questions of large genomic datasets.BEDTools was written in C++. Source code and a comprehensive user manual are freely available at http://code.google.com/p/[email protected]; [email protected] data are available at Bioinformatics online.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-559
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis
|
[
{
"display_name": "Gene co-expression network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778022302",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.7086438,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207329"
},
{
"display_name": "R package",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984074130",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62085533,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.58403534,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5758398,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5696114,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Correlation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C117220453",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53957343,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842"
},
{
"display_name": "Network analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C32946077",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53270006,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.52203727,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA microarray",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95371953",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5060212,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591745"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene regulatory network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67339327",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.49643332,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502576"
},
{
"display_name": "Interfacing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776303644",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44969234,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499"
},
{
"display_name": "Biological network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C28225019",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43377978,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915005"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.33288983,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.30670387,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
}
] |
Correlation networks are increasingly being used in bioinformatics applications. For example, weighted gene co-expression network analysis is a systems biology method for describing the correlation patterns among genes across microarray samples. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) can be used for finding clusters (modules) of highly correlated genes, for summarizing such clusters using the module eigengene or an intramodular hub gene, for relating modules to one another and to external sample traits (using eigengene network methodology), and for calculating module membership measures. Correlation networks facilitate network based gene screening methods that can be used to identify candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets. These methods have been successfully applied in various biological contexts, e.g. cancer, mouse genetics, yeast genetics, and analysis of brain imaging data. While parts of the correlation network methodology have been described in separate publications, there is a need to provide a user-friendly, comprehensive, and consistent software implementation and an accompanying tutorial.The WGCNA R software package is a comprehensive collection of R functions for performing various aspects of weighted correlation network analysis. The package includes functions for network construction, module detection, gene selection, calculations of topological properties, data simulation, visualization, and interfacing with external software. Along with the R package we also present R software tutorials. While the methods development was motivated by gene expression data, the underlying data mining approach can be applied to a variety of different settings.The WGCNA package provides R functions for weighted correlation network analysis, e.g. co-expression network analysis of gene expression data. The R package along with its source code and additional material are freely available at http://www.genetics.ucla.edu/labs/horvath/CoexpressionNetwork/Rpackages/WGCNA.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq461
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST
|
[
{
"display_name": "Cluster analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C73555534",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8268839,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.69046366,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.68393326,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065"
},
{
"display_name": "Sensitivity (control systems)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21200559",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6412324,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.52331424,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Exploit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165696696",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47148964,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287"
},
{
"display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.32375854,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389"
}
] |
Biological sequence data is accumulating rapidly, motivating the development of improved high-throughput methods for sequence classification.UBLAST and USEARCH are new algorithms enabling sensitive local and global search of large sequence databases at exceptionally high speeds. They are often orders of magnitude faster than BLAST in practical applications, though sensitivity to distant protein relationships is lower. UCLUST is a new clustering method that exploits USEARCH to assign sequences to clusters. UCLUST offers several advantages over the widely used program CD-HIT, including higher speed, lower memory use, improved sensitivity, clustering at lower identities and classification of much larger datasets.Binaries are available at no charge for non-commercial use at http://www.drive5.com/usearch.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061217
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
phyloseq: An R Package for Reproducible Interactive Analysis and Graphics of Microbiome Census Data
|
[
{
"display_name": "UniFrac",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C151437367",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.7004176,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884646"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6611798,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Data science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6590486,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5434007,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Visualization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5426361,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553"
},
{
"display_name": "Data visualization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C172367668",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4870563,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504956"
},
{
"display_name": "Graphics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21442007",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48285943,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879"
},
{
"display_name": "Microbiome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143121216",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4686218,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402"
},
{
"display_name": "R package",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984074130",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43922627,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41683003,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37820745,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
}
] |
Background The analysis of microbial communities through DNA sequencing brings many challenges: the integration of different types of data with methods from ecology, genetics, phylogenetics, multivariate statistics, visualization and testing. With the increased breadth of experimental designs now being pursued, project-specific statistical analyses are often needed, and these analyses are often difficult (or impossible) for peer researchers to independently reproduce. The vast majority of the requisite tools for performing these analyses reproducibly are already implemented in R and its extensions (packages), but with limited support for high throughput microbiome census data. Results Here we describe a software project, phyloseq, dedicated to the object-oriented representation and analysis of microbiome census data in R. It supports importing data from a variety of common formats, as well as many analysis techniques. These include calibration, filtering, subsetting, agglomeration, multi-table comparisons, diversity analysis, parallelized Fast UniFrac, ordination methods, and production of publication-quality graphics; all in a manner that is easy to document, share, and modify. We show how to apply functions from other R packages to phyloseq-represented data, illustrating the availability of a large number of open source analysis techniques. We discuss the use of phyloseq with tools for reproducible research, a practice common in other fields but still rare in the analysis of highly parallel microbiome census data. We have made available all of the materials necessary to completely reproduce the analysis and figures included in this article, an example of best practices for reproducible research. Conclusions The phyloseq project for R is a new open-source software package, freely available on the web from both GitHub and Bioconductor.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty560
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8609876,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Preprocessor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34736171",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8018464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333"
},
{
"display_name": "Trimming",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56951928",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7430149,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3539213"
},
{
"display_name": "Python (programming language)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519991488",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7330667,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865"
},
{
"display_name": "Adapter (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177284502",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6356647,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005390"
},
{
"display_name": "Java",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548217200",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5582169,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4742186,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Data pre-processing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10551718",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4712116,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332"
},
{
"display_name": "Programming language",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.439118,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143"
},
{
"display_name": "Source code",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43126263",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43224686,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751"
}
] |
Quality control and preprocessing of FASTQ files are essential to providing clean data for downstream analysis. Traditionally, a different tool is used for each operation, such as quality control, adapter trimming and quality filtering. These tools are often insufficiently fast as most are developed using high-level programming languages (e.g. Python and Java) and provide limited multi-threading support. Reading and loading data multiple times also renders preprocessing slow and I/O inefficient.We developed fastp as an ultra-fast FASTQ preprocessor with useful quality control and data-filtering features. It can perform quality control, adapter trimming, quality filtering, per-read quality pruning and many other operations with a single scan of the FASTQ data. This tool is developed in C++ and has multi-threading support. Based on our evaluation, fastp is 2-5 times faster than other FASTQ preprocessing tools such as Trimmomatic or Cutadapt despite performing far more operations than similar tools.The open-source code and corresponding instructions are available at https://github.com/OpenGene/fastp.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122653799
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
Community structure in social and biological networks
|
[
{
"display_name": "Community structure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C133079900",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.76698446,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155065"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7132261,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Centrality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C53811970",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7102489,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194"
},
{
"display_name": "Transitive relation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C191399111",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.65247977,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64861"
},
{
"display_name": "Clique percolation method",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C128243737",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.61658776,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5134414"
},
{
"display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43214815",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6056722,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987"
},
{
"display_name": "Property (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189950617",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.60530084,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228"
},
{
"display_name": "Complex network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C34947359",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5795408,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189"
},
{
"display_name": "Data science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5132644,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolving networks",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36647736",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49523345,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418752"
},
{
"display_name": "Biological network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C28225019",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4607002,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915005"
},
{
"display_name": "Degree distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87414783",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45412368,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1002603"
},
{
"display_name": "Network science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137753397",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4539556,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434424"
},
{
"display_name": "Theoretical computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C80444323",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43551838,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4248822,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Social network (sociolinguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4727928",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4220463,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759"
},
{
"display_name": "The Internet",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110875604",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41043848,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75"
},
{
"display_name": "Network analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C32946077",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41030878,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32674122,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
}
] |
A number of recent studies have focused on the statistical properties of networked systems such as social networks and the World-Wide Web. Researchers have concentrated particularly on a few properties which seem to be common to many networks: the small-world property, power-law degree distributions, and network transitivity. In this paper, we highlight another property which is found in many networks, the property of community structure, in which network nodes are joined together in tightly-knit groups between which there are only looser connections. We propose a new method for detecting such communities, built around the idea of using centrality indices to find community boundaries. We test our method on computer generated and real-world graphs whose community structure is already known, and find that it detects this known structure with high sensitivity and reliability. We also apply the method to two networks whose community structure is not well-known - a collaboration network and a food web - and find that it detects significant and informative community divisions in both cases.
|
C124101348
|
Data mining
|
https://doi.org/10.1145/170035.170072
|
process of discovering patterns in large data sets using computational methods at the intersection of statistics, database systems, or machine learning
|
Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases
|
[
{
"display_name": "Association rule learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C193524817",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8583483,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780"
},
{
"display_name": "Database transaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75949130",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8094596,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.78095615,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Pruning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108010975",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.70859575,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.64803445,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.64763933,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Apriori algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C81440476",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.63107,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513511"
},
{
"display_name": "Transaction data",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127722929",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5617936,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833714"
},
{
"display_name": "Data warehouse",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C135572916",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4812036,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193351"
},
{
"display_name": "Association (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142853389",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45529157,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778"
},
{
"display_name": "Affinity analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23906176",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43596882,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727515"
},
{
"display_name": "Transaction processing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C72108876",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43547922,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35688233,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
}
] |
We are given a large database of customer transactions. Each transaction consists of items purchased by a customer in a visit. We present an efficient algorithm that generates all significant association rules between items in the database. The algorithm incorporates buffer management and novel estimation and pruning techniques. We also present results of applying this algorithm to sales data obtained from a large retailing company, which shows the effectiveness of the algorithm.
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1159/000368408
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
The Effect of Riding as an Alternative Treatment for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
|
[
{
"display_name": "Meta-analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95190672",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7394147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382"
},
{
"display_name": "Randomized controlled trial",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168563851",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.71092296,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7027012,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Cerebral palsy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779421357",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62641925,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427"
},
{
"display_name": "Cochrane Library",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776478404",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.59611404,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105187"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4922742,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48854026,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47665268,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425"
},
{
"display_name": "Pediatrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187212893",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.39229023,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32160294,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
<b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> There is a substantial body of evidence assessing the effects of equine-assisted therapy on physiological and psychological aspects of individuals with disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological benefits of this alternative therapy for children with cerebral palsy (CP) by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This systematic review included all randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials of hippotherapy (HT), therapeutic horse riding (THR), and artificial saddle (AS) for the treatment of children with CP by a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases up to November 2012. Articles were assessed for inclusion eligibility and quality by two independent reviewers. Any discordant case was re-reviewed and consensus was obtained after sufficient discussion. A random effects model of meta-analysis was applied to provide summary statistics for each outcome. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 4 non-RCTs, and 7 self-controlled studies were included for quality assessment. Ten studies assessed the effect of HT, 5 evaluated THR, and 3 evaluated AS. The sample size differed from 3 to 72, and the quality ranged from low to moderate. Six studies were included in the meta-analysis, and there was a significant improvement in the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66), the GMFM-66/88 total score, and the dimension E of the GMFM. Although the asymmetry score tended to be reduced, it failed to reach statistical significance. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> HT, THR, and AS seem to improve the total score of the gross motor function via improvement of the walking, running, and jumping dimension. However, they are not likely to be of benefit to the symmetry of postural muscle activity. Studies included in this review lack high-quality RCTs with a sufficient number of subjects, which thus warrants further evaluations of these modalities using large-scale well-designed RCTs.
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-Country Reliability and Validity
|
[
{
"display_name": "Concurrent validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198999979",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.7195472,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159115"
},
{
"display_name": "Criterion validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182050348",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.6681093,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186576"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical activity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3020255362",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5874058,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883"
},
{
"display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43214815",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5540732,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987"
},
{
"display_name": "Validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70364389",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5495658,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5031039,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "Telephone interview",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778834376",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48369533,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7696504"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48289156,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.47670454,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.45360717,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "External validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C174106493",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4258806,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057880"
},
{
"display_name": "Repeatability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154020017",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41285008,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171"
},
{
"display_name": "Statistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.31625772,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483"
}
] |
Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity.Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity.Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's rho clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median rho of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode.The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment.
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
|
[
{
"display_name": "Epworth Sleepiness Scale",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778664715",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.94376487,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347756"
},
{
"display_name": "Polysomnography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778205975",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8032974,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874"
},
{
"display_name": "Narcolepsy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779494582",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7993753,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189561"
},
{
"display_name": "Excessive daytime sleepiness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781433485",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.72113836,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3144201"
},
{
"display_name": "Obstructive sleep apnea",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776006263",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67558885,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552"
},
{
"display_name": "Multiple Sleep Latency Test",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777446050",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.63016295,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664214"
},
{
"display_name": "Respiratory disturbance index",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781442344",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.589393,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17125864"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.53395236,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.52159464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Sleep disorder",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1513209611",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.51861876,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190"
},
{
"display_name": "Sleep apnea",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777935920",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5173666,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600"
},
{
"display_name": "Apnea",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781326671",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47462356,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424"
},
{
"display_name": "Sleep Stages",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2910364982",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.43708003,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.36304045,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
}
] |
The development and use of a new scale, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), is described. This is a simple, self-administered questionnaire which is shown to provide a measurement of the subject's general level of daytime sleepiness. One hundred and eighty adults answered the ESS, including 30 normal men and women as controls and 150 patients with a range of sleep disorders. They rated the chances that they would doze off or fall asleep when in eight different situations commonly encountered in daily life. Total ESS scores significantly distinguished normal subjects from patients in various diagnostic groups including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. ESS scores were significantly correlated with sleep latency measured during the multiple sleep latency test and during overnight polysomnography. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ESS scores were significantly correlated with the respiratory disturbance index and the minimum SaO2 recorded overnight. ESS scores of patients who simply snored did not differ from controls.
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/art.27584
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative
|
[
{
"display_name": "Rheumatism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777489490",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.91621053,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684924"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8423251,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Rheumatology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198451711",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8159492,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327657"
},
{
"display_name": "Rheumatoid arthritis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777575956",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.810086,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255"
},
{
"display_name": "Synovitis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779244835",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7678673,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538432"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.61138606,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Disease",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.54343617,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.54111284,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "League",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C207456731",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4692502,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818"
},
{
"display_name": "Arthritis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777077863",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4662978,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990"
}
] |
The 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR; formerly, the American Rheumatism Association) classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been criticized for their lack of sensitivity in early disease. This work was undertaken to develop new classification criteria for RA.A joint working group from the ACR and the European League Against Rheumatism developed, in 3 phases, a new approach to classifying RA. The work focused on identifying, among patients newly presenting with undifferentiated inflammatory synovitis, factors that best discriminated between those who were and those who were not at high risk for persistent and/or erosive disease--this being the appropriate current paradigm underlying the disease construct "rheumatoid arthritis."In the new criteria set, classification as "definite RA" is based on the confirmed presence of synovitis in at least 1 joint, absence of an alternative diagnosis that better explains the synovitis, and achievement of a total score of 6 or greater (of a possible 10) from the individual scores in 4 domains: number and site of involved joints (score range 0-5), serologic abnormality (score range 0-3), elevated acute-phase response (score range 0-1), and symptom duration (2 levels; range 0-1).This new classification system redefines the current paradigm of RA by focusing on features at earlier stages of disease that are associated with persistent and/or erosive disease, rather than defining the disease by its late-stage features. This will refocus attention on the important need for earlier diagnosis and institution of effective disease-suppressing therapy to prevent or minimize the occurrence of the undesirable sequelae that currently comprise the paradigm underlying the disease construct "rheumatoid arthritis."
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.6.377
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.801567,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Checklist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.76918674,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625"
},
{
"display_name": "Criterion validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182050348",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5935055,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186576"
},
{
"display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43214815",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5557531,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C51082289",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5310218,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4113800"
},
{
"display_name": "Face validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33191230",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.50784045,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737383"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4766684,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychological intervention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44121352,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382"
},
{
"display_name": "Content validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58916136",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43181747,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663508"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3132743,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
}
] |
OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility of creating a valid and reliable checklist with the following features: appropriate for assessing both randomised and non-randomised studies; provision of both an overall score for study quality and a profile of scores not only for the quality of reporting, internal validity (bias and confounding) and power, but also for external validity. DESIGN: A pilot version was first developed, based on epidemiological principles, reviews, and existing checklists for randomised studies. Face and content validity were assessed by three experienced reviewers and reliability was determined using two raters assessing 10 randomised and 10 non-randomised studies. Using different raters, the checklist was revised and tested for internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson 20), test-retest and inter-rater reliability (Spearman correlation coefficient and sign rank test; kappa statistics), criterion validity, and respondent burden. MAIN RESULTS: The performance of the checklist improved considerably after revision of a pilot version. The Quality Index had high internal consistency (KR-20: 0.89) as did the subscales apart from external validity (KR-20: 0.54). Test-retest (r 0.88) and inter-rater (r 0.75) reliability of the Quality Index were good. Reliability of the subscales varied from good (bias) to poor (external validity). The Quality Index correlated highly with an existing, established instrument for assessing randomised studies (r 0.90). There was little difference between its performance with non-randomised and with randomised studies. Raters took about 20 minutes to assess each paper (range 10 to 45 minutes). CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that it is feasible to develop a checklist that can be used to assess the methodological quality not only of randomised controlled trials but also non-randomised studies. It has also shown that it is possible to produce a checklist that provides a profile of the paper, alerting reviewers to its particular methodological strengths and weaknesses. Further work is required to improve the checklist and the training of raters in the assessment of external validity.
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy
|
[
{
"display_name": "Cerebral palsy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779421357",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.90751076,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427"
},
{
"display_name": "Gross Motor Function Classification System",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776659555",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8605176,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610509"
},
{
"display_name": "Inter-rater reliability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61863361",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7469007,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470749"
},
{
"display_name": "Delphi method",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C60641444",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59602726,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602"
},
{
"display_name": "Grading (engineering)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777286243",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5736035,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.49791503,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical medicine and rehabilitation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C99508421",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.49581775,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.49531642,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "Gross motor skill",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114735433",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46005577,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610504"
},
{
"display_name": "Motor skill",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169976356",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45869344,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13208902"
},
{
"display_name": "Reliability (semiconductor)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43214815",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45492876,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987"
},
{
"display_name": "Motor function",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988438704",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44505087,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3616503,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
}
] |
To address the need for a standardized system to classify the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy, the authors developed a five‐level classification system analogous to the staging and grading systems used in medicine. Nominal group process and Delphi survey consensus methods were used to examine content validity and revise the classification system until consensus among 48 experts (physical therapists, occupational therapists, and developmental pediatricians with expertise in cerebral palsy) was achieved. Interrater reliability ( k ) was 0.55 for children less than 2 years of age and 0.75 for children 2 to 12 years of age. The classification system has application for clinical practice, research, teaching, and administration.
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.697883,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Guideline",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780182762",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6343279,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical activity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3020255362",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55723906,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883"
},
{
"display_name": "Population",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908647359",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5010123,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48447013,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4564519,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425"
},
{
"display_name": "Sedentary behavior",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987988905",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45463696,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349358"
},
{
"display_name": "Gerontology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74909509",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44498634,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387"
},
{
"display_name": "Aerobic exercise",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C103038586",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4412147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152037"
},
{
"display_name": "Sedentary lifestyle",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778899633",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41085392,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349358"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.36727917,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
}
] |
Objectives To describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods The guidelines were developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert Guideline Development Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomes and population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recent relevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional health outcomes or subpopulations. Results The new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150–300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits. The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all age groups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across all age groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. Conclusion These 2020 WHO guidelines update previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messages that some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducing sedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendations for specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets.
|
C1862650
|
Physical therapy
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780380107
|
health profession that aims to address the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to function in everyday lives
|
Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6926397,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Rheumatoid arthritis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777575956",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.68198824,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255"
},
{
"display_name": "Construct validity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49453240",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6024136,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5508841,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Disease",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5473303,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1862650",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5142867,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005"
},
{
"display_name": "Joint disease",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3017807761",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.45297047,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q708176"
},
{
"display_name": "Arthritis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777077863",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45122874,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990"
}
] |
Objective. The development and validation of Modified Disease Activity Scores (DAS) that include different 28-joint counts. Methods. These scores were developed by canonical discriminant analyses and validated for criterion, correlational, and construct validity. The influence of disease duration on the composition of the DAS was also investigated. Results. No influence of disease duration was found. The Modified DAS that included 28-joint counts were able to discriminate between high and low disease activity (as indicated by clinical decisions of rheumatologists). Conclusion. The Modified DAS are as valid as disease activity scores that include more comprehensive joint counts.
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.56.3.387
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4904692,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4402126,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
}
] |
Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. F W GilcreasCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.56.3.387 Published Online: August 29, 2011
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050
|
[
{
"display_name": "Snapshot (computer storage)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55282118",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.695501,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683"
},
{
"display_name": "Solid waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2986463069",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.677212,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5855414,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4782847,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847"
},
{
"display_name": "Municipal solid waste",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75779659",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41348988,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18538"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3528322,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
}
] |
By 2050, the world is expected to generate 3.40 billion tons of waste annually, increasing drastically from today’s 2.01 billion tons. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 aggregates extensive solid waste data at the national and urban levels. It estimates and projects waste generation to 2030 and 2050. Beyond the core data metrics from waste generation to disposal, the report provides information on waste management costs, revenues, and tariffs; special wastes; regulations; public communication; administrative and operational models; and the informal sector.
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling
|
[
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.61847806,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5164135,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847"
},
{
"display_name": "Human health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987857752",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5074579,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147"
},
{
"display_name": "Plastic waste",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993109238",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44214457,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202090"
},
{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.428477,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302"
},
{
"display_name": "Plastic pollution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779892437",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42593774,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202090"
},
{
"display_name": "Reuse",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C206588197",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41235405,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3230163,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
}
] |
Over the last 60 years plastics production has increased manifold, owing to their inexpensive, multipurpose, durable and lightweight nature. These characteristics have raised the demand for plastic materials that will continue to grow over the coming years. However, with increased plastic materials production, comes increased plastic material wastage creating a number of challenges, as well as opportunities to the waste management industry. The present overview highlights the waste management and pollution challenges, emphasising on the various chemical substances (known as "additives") contained in all plastic products for enhancing polymer properties and prolonging their life. Despite how useful these additives are in the functionality of polymer products, their potential to contaminate soil, air, water and food is widely documented in literature and described herein. These additives can potentially migrate and undesirably lead to human exposure via e.g. food contact materials, such as packaging. They can, also, be released from plastics during the various recycling and recovery processes and from the products produced from recyclates. Thus, sound recycling has to be performed in such a way as to ensure that emission of substances of high concern and contamination of recycled products is avoided, ensuring environmental and human health protection, at all times.
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0053
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends
|
[
{
"display_name": "Industrial ecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70401792",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49547994,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2323664"
},
{
"display_name": "Raw material",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C206139338",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4701348,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.46921268,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847"
},
{
"display_name": "Fossil fuel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C68189081",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46898752,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748"
},
{
"display_name": "Production (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778348673",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45090476,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302"
},
{
"display_name": "Microplastics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780401329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4435882,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839919"
},
{
"display_name": "Human health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2987857752",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43835524,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43638092,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4321481,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.42016158,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.38952476,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34493738,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental protection",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33008498,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237"
}
] |
Plastics have transformed everyday life; usage is increasing and annual production is likely to exceed 300 million tonnes by 2010. In this concluding paper to the Theme Issue on Plastics, the Environment and Human Health, we synthesize current understanding of the benefits and concerns surrounding the use of plastics and look to future priorities, challenges and opportunities. It is evident that plastics bring many societal benefits and offer future technological and medical advances. However, concerns about usage and disposal are diverse and include accumulation of waste in landfills and in natural habitats, physical problems for wildlife resulting from ingestion or entanglement in plastic, the leaching of chemicals from plastic products and the potential for plastics to transfer chemicals to wildlife and humans. However, perhaps the most important overriding concern, which is implicit throughout this volume, is that our current usage is not sustainable. Around 4 per cent of world oil production is used as a feedstock to make plastics and a similar amount is used as energy in the process. Yet over a third of current production is used to make items of packaging, which are then rapidly discarded. Given our declining reserves of fossil fuels, and finite capacity for disposal of waste to landfill, this linear use of hydrocarbons, via packaging and other short-lived applications of plastic, is simply not sustainable. There are solutions, including material reduction, design for end-of-life recyclability, increased recycling capacity, development of bio-based feedstocks, strategies to reduce littering, the application of green chemistry life-cycle analyses and revised risk assessment approaches. Such measures will be most effective through the combined actions of the public, industry, scientists and policymakers. There is some urgency, as the quantity of plastics produced in the first 10 years of the current century is likely to approach the quantity produced in the entire century that preceded.
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9091621
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Wastes to Improve Ethanol and Biogas Production: A Review
|
[
{
"display_name": "Steam explosion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138875322",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.83061427,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2378317"
},
{
"display_name": "Organosolv",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780761721",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.83015966,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102099"
},
{
"display_name": "Biogas",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75212476",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.69975597,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076"
},
{
"display_name": "Pulp and paper industry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C528095902",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6940433,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886"
},
{
"display_name": "Lignin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781052789",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6570606,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6050657,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Hemicellulose",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776073808",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5966319,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407490"
},
{
"display_name": "Anaerobic digestion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C499616599",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5596372,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555853"
},
{
"display_name": "Enzymatic hydrolysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C53270655",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5527578,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381536"
},
{
"display_name": "Ethanol fuel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C65183824",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52552104,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194361"
},
{
"display_name": "Hydrolysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94412978",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.51001394,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103135"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4946141,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Biofuel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C53991642",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48508158,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991"
},
{
"display_name": "Fermentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100544194",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48032847,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760"
},
{
"display_name": "Cellulose",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779251873",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4343957,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294"
},
{
"display_name": "Methane",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C516920438",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.33397317,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129"
}
] |
Lignocelluloses are often a major or sometimes the sole components of different waste streams from various industries, forestry, agriculture and municipalities. Hydrolysis of these materials is the first step for either digestion to biogas (methane) or fermentation to ethanol. However, enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses with no pretreatment is usually not so effective because of high stability of the materials to enzymatic or bacterial attacks. The present work is dedicated to reviewing the methods that have been studied for pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes for conversion to ethanol or biogas. Effective parameters in pretreatment of lignocelluloses, such as crystallinity, accessible surface area, and protection by lignin and hemicellulose are described first. Then, several pretreatment methods are discussed and their effects on improvement in ethanol and/or biogas production are described. They include milling, irradiation, microwave, steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), supercritical CO(2) and its explosion, alkaline hydrolysis, liquid hot-water pretreatment, organosolv processes, wet oxidation, ozonolysis, dilute-and concentrated-acid hydrolyses, and biological pretreatments.
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0311
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities
|
[
{
"display_name": "Reuse",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C206588197",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7678393,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.65629756,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175"
},
{
"display_name": "Raw material",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C206139338",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.640058,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.60719967,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.529836,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847"
},
{
"display_name": "Renewable energy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C188573790",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4574328,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705"
},
{
"display_name": "Sustainability",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C66204764",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42808515,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416"
}
] |
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be moulded into a variety of products that find use in a wide range of applications. As a consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years. However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems. Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as feedstock for plastics and a further 3–4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture. A major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging or other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two observations alone indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition, because of the durability of the polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-life plastics are accumulating as debris in landfills and in natural habitats worldwide. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Here, we briefly set recycling into context against other waste-reduction strategies, namely reduction in material use through downgauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel. While plastics have been recycled since the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary geographically, according to plastic type and application. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities for recycling, and with the combined actions of the public, industry and governments it may be possible to divert the majority of plastic waste from landfills to recycling over the next decades.
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.2172/885984
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasability of a Billion-Ton Annual Supply
|
[
{
"display_name": "Renewable energy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C188573790",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.755439,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705"
},
{
"display_name": "Biomass (ecology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115540264",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7373549,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560"
},
{
"display_name": "Bioenergy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C156380964",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6129053,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556"
},
{
"display_name": "Bioproducts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780430855",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6069802,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915222"
},
{
"display_name": "Biofuel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C53991642",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5498708,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991"
},
{
"display_name": "Energy source",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2982719155",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49231112,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060"
},
{
"display_name": "Renewable resource",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143517461",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48826313,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138571"
},
{
"display_name": "Agriculture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118518473",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46696264,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46103907,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Agricultural economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48824518",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45778573,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340"
},
{
"display_name": "Renewable fuels",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52208190",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4127123,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313121"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4052313,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural resource economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40080068,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38566408,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
},
{
"display_name": "Fossil fuel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C68189081",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.34746122,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental protection",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C526734887",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32749584,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.31586105,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023"
}
] |
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are both strongly committed to expanding the role of biomass as an energy source. In particular, they support biomass fuels and products as a way to reduce the need for oil and gas imports; to support the growth of agriculture, forestry, and rural economies; and to foster major new domestic industries--biorefineries--making a variety of fuels, chemicals, and other products. As part of this effort, the Biomass R&D Technical Advisory Committee, a panel established by the Congress to guide the future direction of federally funded biomass R&D, envisioned a 30 percent replacement of the current U.S. petroleum consumption with biofuels by 2030. Biomass--all plant and plant-derived materials including animal manure, not just starch, sugar, oil crops already used for food and energy--has great potential to provide renewable energy for America's future. Biomass recently surpassed hydropower as the largest domestic source of renewable energy and currently provides over 3 percent of the total energy consumption in the United States. In addition to the many benefits common to renewable energy, biomass is particularly attractive because it is the only current renewable source of liquid transportation fuel. This, of course, makes it invaluable in reducing oil imports--one of our most pressing energy needs. A key question, however, is how large a role could biomass play in responding to the nation's energy demands. Assuming that economic and financial policies and advances in conversion technologies make biomass fuels and products more economically viable, could the biorefinery industry be large enough to have a significant impact on energy supply and oil imports? Any and all contributions are certainly needed, but would the biomass potential be sufficiently large to justify the necessary capital replacements in the fuels and automobile sectors? The purpose of this report is to determine whether the land resources of the United States are capable of producing a sustainable supply of biomass sufficient to displace 30 percent or more of the country's present petroleum consumption--the goal set by the Advisory Committee in their vision for biomass technologies. Accomplishing this goal would require approximately 1 billion dry tons of biomass feedstock per year.
|
C548081761
|
Waste management
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1223(98)00785-9
|
generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of solid wastes
|
Activated Sludge Model No. 3
|
[
{
"display_name": "Activated sludge",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777730692",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7138699,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815353"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4753425,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847"
},
{
"display_name": "Waste management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43558663,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.32707173,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.31138742,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326"
}
] |
The Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) can predict oxygen consumption, sludge production, nitrification and denitrification of activated sludge systems. It relates to the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) and corrects for some defects of ASM1. In addition to ASM1, ASM3 includes storage of organic substrates as a new process. The lysis (decay) process is exchanged for an endogenous respiration process. ASM3 is provided as a reference in a form which can be implemented in a computer code without further adjustments. Typical kinetic and stoichiometric parameters are provided for 10°C and 20°C together with the composition of a typical primary effluent in terms of the model components.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Mindfulness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780444219",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9668033,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341045"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8768715,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Experience sampling method",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C65499552",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.651818,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421061"
},
{
"display_name": "Mood",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780733359",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53019065,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769"
},
{
"display_name": "Well-being",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776420229",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5209823,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7981051"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48994392,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
},
{
"display_name": "Consciousness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C186720457",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46775413,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41287875,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Intervention (counseling)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780665704",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41265774,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35744464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
}
] |
Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced self-awareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000062723
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy:
|
[
{
"display_name": "Group psychotherapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C501888929",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7556625,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837393"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6947015,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Existentialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127882523",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6843629,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38066"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5604937,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Style (visual arts)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776445246",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5402567,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.521831,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychoanalysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11171543",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5109224,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630"
}
] |
This book first appeared in 1970 and has gone into two further editions, one in 1975 and this one in 1985. Yalom is also the author of Existential Psychotherapy (1980), In-patient Group Psychotherapy (1983), the co-author with Lieberman of Encounter Groups: First Facts (1973) and with Elkin of Every Day Gets a Little Closer: A Twice-Told Therapy (1974) (which recounts the course of therapy from the patient's and the therapist's viewpoint). The present book is the central work of the set and seems to me the most substantial. It is also one of the most readable of his works because of its straightforward style and the liberal use of clinical examples.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11339939
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
Chronic illness as biographical disruption
|
[
{
"display_name": "Chronic pain",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781118164",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6452483,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169900460",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5470118,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417"
},
{
"display_name": "Rheumatoid arthritis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777575956",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.529482,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.51504946,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Distress",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139265228",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4709925,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089"
},
{
"display_name": "Variation (astronomy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778334786",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44481394,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41182265,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3677234,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35543245,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34866986,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3472044,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
}
] |
The paper is based on semi-structured interviews with a series of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Chronic illness is conceptualised as a particular type of disruptive event. This disruption highlights the resources (cognitive and material) available to individuals, modes of explanation for pain and suffering, continuities and discontinuities between professional and lay thought, and sources of variation in experience.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20237
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
Mechanisms of mindfulness
|
[
{
"display_name": "Mindfulness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780444219",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9837986,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q341045"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.77376205,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychological intervention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7228003,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6573262,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Construct (python library)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780801425",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55680203,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45427614,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
}
] |
Abstract Recently, the psychological construct mindfulness has received a great deal of attention. The majority of research has focused on clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness‐based interventions. This line of research has led to promising data suggesting mindfulness‐based interventions are effective for treatment of both psychological and physical symptoms. However, an equally important direction for future research is to investigate questions concerning mechanisms of action underlying mindfulness‐based interventions. This theoretical paper proposes a model of mindfulness, in an effort to elucidate potential mechanisms to explain how mindfulness affects positive change. Potential implications and future directions for the empirical study of mechanisms involved in mindfulness are addressed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 373–386, 2006.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.581
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biopsychosocial model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C137886200",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9680353,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725568"
},
{
"display_name": "Chronic pain",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781118164",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6216174,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5255833,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5182588,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3867354,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
}
] |
The prevalence and cost of chronic pain is a major physical and mental health care problem in the United States today.As a result, there has been a recent explosion of research on chronic pain, with significant advances in better understanding its etiology, assessment and treatment.The purpose of the present article is to provide a review of the most noteworthy developments in the field.The biopsychosocial model is now widely accepted as the most heuristic approach to chronic pain.With this model in mind, a review of the basic neuroscience processes of pain (the bio part of biopsychosocial), as well as the psychosocial factors is presented.This spans research on how psychological and social factors can interact with brain processes to influence health and illness, to the development of new technologies, such as brain imaging, that provide new insights into brain-pain mechanisms.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
Enhancing well‐being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice‐friendly meta‐analysis
|
[
{
"display_name": "Psychological intervention",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27415008",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8648648,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7681569,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Positive psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12505134",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7170403,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718809"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70410870",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6294499,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906"
},
{
"display_name": "Feeling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6237912,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.53039396,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Depression (economics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776867660",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49053496,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognitive behavioral therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781265626",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45408395,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147152"
},
{
"display_name": "Meta-analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95190672",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45139688,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382"
},
{
"display_name": "Well-being",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776420229",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4502345,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7981051"
},
{
"display_name": "Depressive symptoms",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3019858935",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43471602,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169900460",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.32976112,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417"
}
] |
Abstract Do positive psychology interventions—that is, treatment methods or intentional activities aimed at cultivating positive feelings, positive behaviors, or positive cognitions—enhance well‐being and ameliorate depressive symptoms? A meta‐analysis of 51 such interventions with 4,266 individuals was conducted to address this question and to provide practical guidance to clinicians. The results revealed that positive psychology interventions do indeed significantly enhance well‐being (mean r =.29) and decrease depressive symptoms (mean r =.31). In addition, several factors were found to impact the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions, including the depression status, self‐selection, and age of participants, as well as the format and duration of the interventions. Accordingly, clinicians should be encouraged to incorporate positive psychology techniques into their clinical work, particularly for treating clients who are depressed, relatively older, or highly motivated to improve. Our findings also suggest that clinicians would do well to deliver positive psychology interventions as individual (versus group) therapy and for relatively longer periods of time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–21, 2009.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1159/000447701
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
Psychosomatic Medicine in Germany: More Timely than Ever
|
[
{
"display_name": "Psychosomatic medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780414609",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8948291,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473867"
},
{
"display_name": "Subspecialty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780642338",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8090742,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632042"
},
{
"display_name": "German",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154775046",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6886531,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188"
},
{
"display_name": "Personality disorders",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777308609",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5100997,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270673"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.50309414,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychosomatics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777869015",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48145145,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256494"
},
{
"display_name": "Anxiety",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C558461103",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47471157,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47369313,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867"
},
{
"display_name": "Personality",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187288502",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46604052,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.44056845,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Institutionalisation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164429055",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43815896,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2070165"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4244877,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
}
] |
In Germany, psychosomatic medicine is not a subspecialty of psychiatry, although it has clear connections in terms of shared models, methods, and overlapping care for patients.At some places, most prominently in Heidelberg and Tübingen, departments of psychosomatic medicine are part of overarching departments for internal medicine.The institutional independence of psychosomatic medicine in Germany is largely due to German psychiatry resisting the integration of psychotherapy as a core method.Hence, psychosomatic medicine developed independently as an institutional and academic basis for psychotherapy in medicine and later for integrated care models.The clinical core competency of German psychosomatic medicine is centered on integrated care for the following disorders: somatoform/functional disorders, eating disorders, somatopsychic disorders (including psycho-oncology, psychocardiology, neuropsychosomatics, and psychodiabetology), and psychotraumatology.An overlap with psychiatry exists in the fields of depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders.The following presents a brief overview of the current state of institutionalization, research, and teaching in the field of German psychosomatic medicine.
|
C542102704
|
Psychotherapist
|
https://doi.org/10.1080/074811899201046
|
clinically applied psychology for desired behavior change
|
THE DUAL PROCESS MODEL OF COPING WITH BEREAVEMENT: RATIONALE AND DESCRIPTION
|
[
{
"display_name": "Coping (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C73282008",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.779534,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759895"
},
{
"display_name": "Stressor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C125370674",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.741498,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480"
},
{
"display_name": "Conceptualization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90734943",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7386385,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.725271,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Intrapersonal communication",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153721897",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6262253,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3436149"
},
{
"display_name": "Grief",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780837026",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5826745,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026040"
},
{
"display_name": "Interpersonal communication",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164850336",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56525844,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C542102704",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48416072,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257"
},
{
"display_name": "Avoidance coping",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779458469",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43036547,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3592817"
},
{
"display_name": "Respite care",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C82479568",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41226625,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315937"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40909034,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognitive psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36868227,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373"
},
{
"display_name": "Developmental psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138496976",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32427385,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002"
}
] |
There are shortcomings in traditional theorizing about effective ways of coping with bereavement, most notably, with respect to the so-called "grief work hypothesis." Criticisms include imprecise definition, failure to represent dynamic processing that is characteristic of grieving, lack of empirical evidence and validation across cultures and historical periods, and a limited focus on intrapersonal processes and on health outcomes. Therefore, a revised model of coping with bereavement, the dual process model, is proposed. This model identifies two types of stressors, loss- and restoration-oriented, and a dynamic, regulatory coping process of oscillation, whereby the grieving individual at times confronts, at other times avoids, the different tasks of grieving. This model proposes that adaptive coping is composed of confrontation--avoidance of loss and restoration stressors. It also argues the need for dosage of grieving, that is, the need to take respite from dealing with either of these stressors, as an integral part of adaptive coping. Empirical research to support this conceptualization is discussed, and the model's relevance to the examination of complicated grief, analysis of subgroup phenomena, as well as interpersonal coping processes, is described.
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.75350136,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.50581884,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Genome Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C64015301",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.44937778,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533480"
},
{
"display_name": "RNA-Seq",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107397762",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.4489422,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2542347"
},
{
"display_name": "Genomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189206191",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.34021115,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32619137,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3195399,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
}
] |
Abstract In comparative high-throughput sequencing assays, a fundamental task is the analysis of count data, such as read counts per gene in RNA-seq, for evidence of systematic changes across experimental conditions. Small replicate numbers, discreteness, large dynamic range and the presence of outliers require a suitable statistical approach. We present DESeq2 , a method for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates. This enables a more quantitative analysis focused on the strength rather than the mere presence of differential expression. The DESeq2 package is available at http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html .
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506580102
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6329196,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6038331,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5346249,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Function (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47399294,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene expression",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46599615,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45919004,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Genome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45380336,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene nomenclature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C62177273",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.45237362,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531556"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene expression profiling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18431079",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42290655,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36396518,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
},
{
"display_name": "Bioinformatics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34167817,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570"
}
] |
Although genomewide RNA expression analysis has become a routine tool in biomedical research, extracting biological insight from such information remains a major challenge. Here, we describe a powerful analytical method called Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for interpreting gene expression data. The method derives its power by focusing on gene sets, that is, groups of genes that share common biological function, chromosomal location, or regulation. We demonstrate how GSEA yields insights into several cancer-related data sets, including leukemia and lung cancer. Notably, where single-gene analysis finds little similarity between two independent studies of patient survival in lung cancer, GSEA reveals many biological pathways in common. The GSEA method is embodied in a freely available software package, together with an initial database of 1,325 biologically defined gene sets.
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.1239303
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models of Biomolecular Interaction Networks
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6390837,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6342175,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Interaction network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55105296",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.58292955,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841382"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5644924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Inference",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5624659,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene regulatory network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67339327",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.53915644,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502576"
},
{
"display_name": "Interface (matter)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113843644",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.4995954,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882"
},
{
"display_name": "Biological network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C28225019",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49843335,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915005"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.493677,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Systems biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C152662350",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44360796,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815297"
},
{
"display_name": "Plug-in",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4924752",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43208796,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148"
},
{
"display_name": "Bioinformatics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C60644358",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32963488,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570"
}
] |
Cytoscape is an open source software project for integrating biomolecular interaction networks with high-throughput expression data and other molecular states into a unified conceptual framework. Although applicable to any system of molecular components and interactions, Cytoscape is most powerful when used in conjunction with large databases of protein-protein, protein-DNA, and genetic interactions that are increasingly available for humans and model organisms. Cytoscape's software Core provides basic functionality to layout and query the network; to visually integrate the network with expression profiles, phenotypes, and other molecular states; and to link the network to databases of functional annotations. The Core is extensible through a straightforward plug-in architecture, allowing rapid development of additional computational analyses and features. Several case studies of Cytoscape plug-ins are surveyed, including a search for interaction pathways correlating with changes in gene expression, a study of protein complexes involved in cellular recovery to DNA damage, inference of a combined physical/functional interaction network for Halobacterium , and an interface to detailed stochastic/kinetic gene regulatory models.
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6207781,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "JSON",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780416260",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55207396,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4960769,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47478268,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "RNA-Seq",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107397762",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.45360693,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2542347"
},
{
"display_name": "Adapter (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177284502",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42572576,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005390"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.38917243,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.31076977,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
}
] |
Motivation: Accurate alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data is a challenging and yet unsolved problem because of the non-contiguous transcript structure, relatively short read lengths and constantly increasing throughput of the sequencing technologies. Currently available RNA-seq aligners suffer from high mapping error rates, low mapping speed, read length limitation and mapping biases.
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw054
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.93467796,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Human evolutionary genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C167683757",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.6440478,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937774"
},
{
"display_name": "Evolutionary biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78458016",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.60514706,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43715066,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Molecular evolution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166393388",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42207375,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856529"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41489285,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
}
] |
Abstract We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (M ega ) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, M ega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in M ega . The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit M ega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line M ega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp616
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
<tt>edgeR</tt>: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data
|
[
{
"display_name": "Bioconductor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779694297",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9850141,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888953"
},
{
"display_name": "Count data",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33643355",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.632446,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5176731"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.47847813,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "R package",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2984074130",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45781058,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45557657,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4544679,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Inference",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776214188",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45296127,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.44972515,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Overdispersion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C117236510",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.41055524,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113620"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33860448,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
}
] |
Summary: It is expected that emerging digital gene expression (DGE) technologies will overtake microarray technologies in the near future for many functional genomics applications. One of the fundamental data analysis tasks, especially for gene expression studies, involves determining whether there is evidence that counts for a transcript or exon are significantly different across experimental conditions. edgeR is a Bioconductor software package for examining differential expression of replicated count data. An overdispersed Poisson model is used to account for both biological and technical variability. Empirical Bayes methods are used to moderate the degree of overdispersion across transcripts, improving the reliability of inference. The methodology can be used even with the most minimal levels of replication, provided at least one phenotype or experimental condition is replicated. The software may have other applications beyond sequencing data, such as proteome peptide count data.
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/29.9.e45
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.80718815,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Real-time polymerase chain reaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48023723",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7580071,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856198"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.61943686,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "Polymerase chain reaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49105822",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5552146,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996"
},
{
"display_name": "Complementary DNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187882448",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5131005,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283478"
},
{
"display_name": "Biological system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C186060115",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4801135,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093"
},
{
"display_name": "Melting curve analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84133368",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.47188413,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6813768"
},
{
"display_name": "Reproducibility",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C9893847",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4693034,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625"
},
{
"display_name": "Sample (material)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46757275,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146"
},
{
"display_name": "Nucleic acid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24107716",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44912058,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123619"
},
{
"display_name": "Digital polymerase chain reaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48126324",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.44593477,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276136"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene expression",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43766367,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43385148,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33810383,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
}
] |
Use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify cDNA products reverse transcribed from mRNA is on the way to becoming a routine tool in molecular biology to study low abundance gene expression. Real-time PCR is easy to perform, provides the necessary accuracy and produces reliable as well as rapid quantification results. But accurate quantification of nucleic acids requires a reproducible methodology and an adequate mathematical model for data analysis. This study enters into the particular topics of the relative quantification in real-time RT–PCR of a target gene transcript in comparison to a reference gene transcript. Therefore, a new mathematical model is presented. The relative expression ratio is calculated only from the real-time PCR efficiencies and the crossing point deviation of an unknown sample versus a control. This model needs no calibration curve. Control levels were included in the model to standardise each reaction run with respect to RNA integrity, sample loading and inter-PCR variations. High accuracy and reproducibility (<2.5% variation) were reached in LightCycler PCR using the established mathematical model.
|
C70721500
|
Computational biology
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv007
|
data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems
|
limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.785006,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Bioconductor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779694297",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7602984,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2888953"
},
{
"display_name": "Computational biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C70721500",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5245012,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA microarray",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95371953",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.516162,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591745"
},
{
"display_name": "Microarray analysis techniques",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C8415881",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.49671108,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839217"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene chip analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24361400",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.49201772,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839217"
},
{
"display_name": "Expression (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C90559484",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42569593,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37824398,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene expression",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.36390072,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3326912,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.32218206,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
}
] |
limma is an R/Bioconductor software package that provides an integrated solution for analysing data from gene expression experiments. It contains rich features for handling complex experimental designs and for information borrowing to overcome the problem of small sample sizes. Over the past decade, limma has been a popular choice for gene discovery through differential expression analyses of microarray and high-throughput PCR data. The package contains particularly strong facilities for reading, normalizing and exploring such data. Recently, the capabilities of limma have been significantly expanded in two important directions. First, the package can now perform both differential expression and differential splicing analyses of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. All the downstream analysis tools previously restricted to microarray data are now available for RNA-seq as well. These capabilities allow users to analyse both RNA-seq and microarray data with very similar pipelines. Second, the package is now able to go past the traditional gene-wise expression analyses in a variety of ways, analysing expression profiles in terms of co-regulated sets of genes or in terms of higher-order expression signatures. This provides enhanced possibilities for biological interpretation of gene expression differences. This article reviews the philosophy and design of the limma package, summarizing both new and historical features, with an emphasis on recent enhancements and features that have not been previously described.
|
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