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we also showed that macrophages accumulated at these sites as the result of asbestos-induced activation of complement proteins on alveolar surfaces , consequently producing c5a , a chemotactic factor for macrophages . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
93,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
173,
176
]
} |
the genotoxic activities of cyclophosphamide and its direct acting metabolite , phosphoramide mustard , were studied in the hepatoma cells as cyclophosphamide is known to be metabolized by phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome p-450-associated metabolic activity . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1524026",
"name": "metabolized",
"pos": [
174,
185
]
} | {
"id": "C1382176",
"name": "phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome p-450",
"pos": [
189,
229
]
} |
complement activation ( c3d and c5a ) , leukopenia and release of granulocyte-derived elastase was more extensive with cp than with pc membranes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
24,
27
]
} |
complement activation ( c3d and c5a ) , leukopenia and release of granulocyte-derived elastase was more extensive with cp than with pc membranes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
32,
35
]
} |
limited proteolysis of the native protein yields a trypsin-resistant n-terminal nucleic acid-binding domain about 195 amino acids long which has a primary structure nearly identical to that of the 195-amino acid-long single-stranded dna ( ssdna ) -binding protein up1 ( mr 22,162 ) from calf thymus ( williams , k.r. , stone , k. l. , lopresti , m.b. , merrill , b. m. , and planck , s.r . ( 1985 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s.a. 82 , 5666-5670 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597304",
"name": "proteolysis",
"pos": [
8,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
399,
403
]
} |
all recb ( - ) and recc ( - ) mutants of e. coli carry out significant residual genetic recombination , whereas all reca ( - ) mutants form no recombinants . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "genetic recombination",
"pos": [
80,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
116,
120
]
} |
t lymphocyte activation with monoclonal antibodies directed against the cd2 ( t , p50 ) sheep red blood cell receptor antigen and against cd3 ( t , p19,29 ) has been investigated . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t lymphocyte activation",
"pos": [
0,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
72,
75
]
} |
the data are consistent with a model for antigen-specific t cell activation involving both the cd3/ti complex and subsequent activation of the cd2 complex t cell activation by co-stimulation with anti-cd3 ( sp34 ) and anti-cd2 ( 9-1 ) is substantially enhanced by the addition of exogenous , purified interleukin 1 ( il 1 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
58,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
223,
226
]
} |
comparison of nucleotide sequences of the transcriptional control regions among the mutants and the wild type showed that pm526 is a parent virus , from which all the other mutants had evolved , and that the evolutionary changes of the plaque size , from minute to small to large , were due to duplications of a certain segment containing the adenovirus e1a enhancer core or the simian virus 40 enhancer core found in the bkv 68-base-pair element . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158770",
"name": "transcriptional control",
"pos": [
42,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C1709313",
"name": "e1a",
"pos": [
354,
357
]
} |
multidrug resistance in several human cell lines correlates with amplification or increased expression of two related dna sequences , designated mdr1 and mdr2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
0,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "mdr1",
"pos": [
145,
149
]
} |
multidrug resistance in several human cell lines correlates with amplification or increased expression of two related dna sequences , designated mdr1 and mdr2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
0,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C1412071",
"name": "mdr2",
"pos": [
154,
158
]
} |
a simple and rapid clotting method for the quantitative determination of protein c ( pc ) in plasma consists of the conversion of pc into activated pc ( apc ) by means of protac , an activator protein isolated from agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom , of the subsequent degradation of factors v and viii in pc immuno-depleted plasma by the generated apc and of the measurement of the prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time ( aptt ) which is proportional to the amount of pc in the sample . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0005778",
"name": "clotting",
"pos": [
19,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C3540812",
"name": "apc",
"pos": [
355,
358
]
} |
among them the analogue of the reca protein of escherichia coli ( angulo et al . 1985 ) and two other polypeptides ( 34 kd and 35 kd , pi 5.8 ) were observed in all four strains analyzed namely two dna-repair deficient ( rad- ) strains : ( rad6-1 and pso2-1 ) and their isogenic wild type rad+ strains . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
198,
208
]
} | {
"id": "C1425027",
"name": "pso2",
"pos": [
251,
255
]
} |
the homology observed suggests , after comparison with the structures of other intracellular cabps , that rat 9 kda cabp mrna contains the remains of an untranslated calcium-binding site iii-like structure seen in 28 kda cabp from kidney and cerebellum of rat . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516144",
"name": "calcium-binding",
"pos": [
166,
181
]
} | {
"id": "C1419788",
"name": "cabp",
"pos": [
221,
225
]
} |
polyadenylated rna was isolated from pre-tumor epidermis and tumors at eight different stages of tumorigenesis and analyzed for changes in ha-ras expression using northern blot hybridization . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
97,
110
]
} | {
"id": "C0034678",
"name": "ras",
"pos": [
142,
145
]
} |
since the mechanism of complement activation differs in these two reactions , it is possible that they differ also in the amount of complement fragments released , in particular the anaphylatoxins c3a , c5a and c4a . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
23,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
203,
206
]
} |
t cell activation via cd2 [ t , gp50 ] : the role of accessory cells in activating resting t cells via cd2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
0,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
103,
106
]
} |
inverse repeats of the transposon tn2660 in either a cole1 or an r6k replicon , with or without inversions of the parental dna sequences between the repeats , show no detectable ( less than 2 % ) evidence of recombination between the repeats after 60 generations of growth in either reca or reca+ hosts . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
208,
221
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
291,
295
]
} |
recombination-deficient mutations and thymineless death in escherichia coli k12 : reciprocal effects of recbc and recf and indifference of reca mutations . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
139,
143
]
} |
ms2 resulted from reaction of ( + ) -anti-bapde with deoxyguanosine ( dguo ) , for it cochromatographed with a [ 14c ] - ( + ) -anti-bapde : dguo marker at the deoxyribonucleoside level and after hydrolysis of ms2 and the marker to 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobap ( bapde ) : guanine and bapde : tetraol . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
196,
206
]
} | {
"id": "C1412206",
"name": "ms2",
"pos": [
210,
213
]
} |
the major neoplastic transformation-inducing genes of human solid tumors are members of the ras oncogene family . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic transformation",
"pos": [
10,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0034678",
"name": "ras oncogene family",
"pos": [
92,
111
]
} |
we assayed extracts of the clones for the activities of 10 enzymes important for de novo purine synthesis and found that , in addition to gart , two other purine pathway activities , phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase ( phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase , gars ) and phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase ( phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase , airs ) , are similarly overproduced . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0220781",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
96,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C1414989",
"name": "gart",
"pos": [
138,
142
]
} |
these data suggest that the bactericidal synergy between pmn and josamycin could be related , partly at least , to a direct enhancing effect of josamycin on some pmn functions such as phagocytosis , chemotaxis and fmlp-induced chemiluminescence . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
199,
209
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
214,
218
]
} |
we conclude that the put3 product is either a dna-binding protein or part of a dna-binding complex that recognizes the uass of both put1 and put2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna-binding",
"pos": [
46,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C1425259",
"name": "put1",
"pos": [
132,
136
]
} |
although different at their 3 ' untranslated regions , both cdnas predict a protein with primary amino acid sequence homology to the previously described amphipathic helix-loop-helix dna binding and dimerization motif of the ly1-1 , myc , myod , immunoglobulin enhancer binding , daughterless , and achaete-scute families of genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna binding",
"pos": [
183,
194
]
} | {
"id": "C1417574",
"name": "myod",
"pos": [
239,
243
]
} |
within minutes after activation of a human t cell-derived line ( jurkat ) via stimulation of either the tcr-cd3 complex or the cd2 glycoprotein , we observed a hyperphorphosylation of p56lck . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
21,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
127,
130
]
} |
class ii mhc molecules are necessary for antigen presentation and in all sites except buccal mucosa there was no significant difference between the number of cells expressing cd1 , hladr , hladq and hladp . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "antigen presentation",
"pos": [
41,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C1413207",
"name": "cd1",
"pos": [
175,
178
]
} |
class ii mhc molecules are necessary for antigen presentation and in all sites except buccal mucosa there was no significant difference between the number of cells expressing cd1 , hladr , hladq and hladp . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "antigen presentation",
"pos": [
41,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C2348921",
"name": "hladp",
"pos": [
199,
204
]
} |
activation of jurkat t cells with phytohemagglutinin , cd3 or cd2 mabs results in a marked inhibition of phosphatidylserine ( ps ) synthesis . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
62,
65
]
} |
genetic and biochemical evidence indicate that the mdr phenotype in both animal and human cells result from overexpression of the mdr-1 gene which encodes gp 170 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr",
"pos": [
51,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C1704939",
"name": "mdr-1 gene",
"pos": [
130,
140
]
} |
requirement for both the cd3/t cell receptor complex and the cd2/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 adhesion system in monocyte-independent t cell activation by oxidized erythrocytes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007577",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
21,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
61,
64
]
} |
vigorous hydrolysis conditions using naoh have produced a mixture with large amounts of toluene diamine ( tda ) present as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( gc/ms ) , and gc/ft-ir . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
9,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C3537453",
"name": "gc",
"pos": [
190,
192
]
} |
in addition , the chemiluminescence response induced by opsonized zymosan and the chemotaxis against c5a and ltb4 was clearly inhibited after heat shock treatment . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
101,
104
]
} |
the transfection efficiency of t4 phage dna of escherichia coli spheroplasts , carrying mutations in four genes , involved in recombination and reparation ( recb , reca , exr , pola ) , is studied . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
126,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
164,
168
]
} |
this alteration of the redox state of the erythrocyte leads to inhibition of glycolysis at the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and rapid decline in cellular energy ( atp ) stores . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0030012",
"name": "redox state",
"pos": [
23,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C1414968",
"name": "glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase",
"pos": [
104,
144
]
} |
measurable complement activation resulting in the formation of both c3a and c5a anaphylatoxins was observed in 12 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis treatment with cuprophan hollow fiber dialyzers . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
11,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
76,
79
]
} |
as this deletion was never observed in plasmids containing all r1 replication functions , it was introduced by bgli in vitro recombination into the ; basic replicon ' of r1 cloned into pbr322 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
66,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
170,
172
]
} |
this plasmid has been shown not to complement either the u.v . sensitivity or the recombination defect of the e. coli reca mutation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
82,
95
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
118,
122
]
} |
previous studies have demonstrated that the hydrolysis of the trypsin substrate n-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide ( bana ) , by subgingival plaque obtained from a single site , correlates best with the numbers and proportions of spirochetes in plaque samples and may serve as an indicator of clinical disease . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
44,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C1418970",
"name": "trypsin",
"pos": [
62,
69
]
} |
hence , inhibition of cholesterol esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate by compound 1 or 2 in the aqueous or micellar phase occurs via a carbamyl-cholesterol esterase mechanism . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
53,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C1418754",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
189,
190
]
} |
blots of sera from aids-related complex patients usually showed strong activity against all viral proteins , while those of sera from aids patients characteristically showed strong reactivity only at the pol/endonuclease and env bands . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0243052",
"name": "activity",
"pos": [
71,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0017360",
"name": "pol",
"pos": [
204,
207
]
} |
blots of sera from aids-related complex patients usually showed strong activity against all viral proteins , while those of sera from aids patients characteristically showed strong reactivity only at the pol/endonuclease and env bands . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0243052",
"name": "activity",
"pos": [
71,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0017343",
"name": "env",
"pos": [
225,
228
]
} |
immunoblotting of peptide fragments generated by limited proteolysis of nf proteins with alpha-chymotrypsin and staphylococcus aureus v8 protease shows that the localization of the antigenic determinants to ad10 and ab18 in nf-h is approximately 100 and 60 kd , respectively , away from the carboxy terminal , a region previously shown to form the nf projection side arm . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597304",
"name": "proteolysis",
"pos": [
57,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C2984596",
"name": "ad10",
"pos": [
207,
211
]
} |
to examine the molecular basis of one type of multidrug resistance , we have prepared rna from human tumors and normal tissues and measured their content of mdr1 rna . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
46,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "mdr1",
"pos": [
157,
161
]
} |
the proposal that specific carcinogens are neither necessary nor sufficient for tumourigenesis is consistent with the growing realization that aberrant expression of specific oncogenes is neither necessary nor sufficient for cellular transformation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumourigenesis",
"pos": [
80,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogenes",
"pos": [
175,
184
]
} |
these observations indicate that neoplastic transformation of she cells involves at least three steps : ( 1 ) induction of immortality , ( 2 ) activation of a transforming gene or oncogene , and ( 3 ) loss of or inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic transformation",
"pos": [
33,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogene",
"pos": [
180,
188
]
} |
the major cell cycle control in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe acts at entry to mitosis , and involves three previously identified genes cdc2 , cdc25 and wee1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
93,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C1421500",
"name": "wee1",
"pos": [
167,
171
]
} |
the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclears is also lowered : 9.2 to 6.0 cells by microscopic field with fmlp presence ( normal values 40 to 50 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
98,
102
]
} |
the role of raf appears to be that of a cytosolic ser/thr specific protein kinase which was placed downstream of ras in the signal transduction of serum growth factors by ras and raf antibody microinjection experiments . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0037083",
"name": "signal transduction",
"pos": [
124,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0034678",
"name": "ras",
"pos": [
171,
174
]
} |
the gene suc1 encodes a product which suppresses certain temperature sensitive mutants of the cell cycle control gene cdc2 of schizosaccharomyces pombe . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155872",
"name": "cell cycle control",
"pos": [
94,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
118,
122
]
} |
the frequency with which the f- strains were recovered permits us to estimate that the maximum amount of recombination possible in a reca56 zygote is 10 ( -6 ) that of a reca+ zygote . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
105,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
170,
174
]
} |
modulation of the inflammatory response by products released from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes during phagocytosis : generation and inactivation of the chemotactic factor c5a . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155266",
"name": "inflammatory response",
"pos": [
18,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
177,
180
]
} |
these results are consistent with the hypothesis that proteases or nucleophilic agents effect the hydrolysis of an internal thiol-ester bond ( tack , b. f. , harrison , r. a. , janatova , j. , thomas , m. l. , and prahl , j. w. ( 1980 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u. s. a . 77 , 5764-5768 ) , leading to an alteration in alpha 2-macroglobulin conformation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
98,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
237,
241
]
} |
when lambda replication is allowed , the rec system produces viral recombinants mainly via a recf-independent mechanism . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
12,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
93,
96
]
} |
similar dose-response curves for esterase activation , chemotaxis , and chemotactic deactivation were obtained with the chemotactic factor fmlp , suggesting that in human neutrophils all three functions utilize some of the same early molecular events following chemotactic factor binding to th neutrophil surface . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
55,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
139,
143
]
} |
the total work involved ( i ) the synthesis of a 126-nucleotide-long bihelical dna corresponding to a known precursor to the tyrosine suppressor transfer rna , ( ii ) the sequencing of the promoter region and the distal region adjoining the c-c-a end , which contained a signal for the processing of the rna transcript , ( iii ) total synthesis of the 207 base-pair-long dna , which included the control elements , as well as the eco r1 restriction endonuclease specific sequences at the two ends , and ( iv ) full characterization by transcription in vitro and amber suppressor activity in vivo of the synthetic gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597108",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
34,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
434,
436
]
} |
the total work involved ( i ) the synthesis of a 126-nucleotide-long bihelical dna corresponding to a known precursor to the tyrosine suppressor transfer rna , ( ii ) the sequencing of the promoter region and the distal region adjoining the c-c-a end , which contained a signal for the processing of the rna transcript , ( iii ) total synthesis of the 207 base-pair-long dna , which included the control elements , as well as the eco r1 restriction endonuclease specific sequences at the two ends , and ( iv ) full characterization by transcription in vitro and amber suppressor activity in vivo of the synthetic gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
34,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
434,
436
]
} |
the reca protein purified from a cold-sensitive reca mutant does not catalyze dna renaturation or aggregation at 28 degrees c , but does so at 37 degrees c , a finding which correlates with the recombination defect observed in vivo and indicates that this activity is an intrinsic function of the reca protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
194,
207
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
297,
301
]
} |
at higher concentrations than those required for chemotaxis , fmlp enhanced the adherence of pmns to nylon glass fibers . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
49,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
62,
66
]
} |
the red-promoted recombination of phi x174 occurred in reca , recb , and pola mutants as well as in wild-type strains of escherichia coli . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
17,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
55,
59
]
} |
the molecules can be recovered from wild type and rec b-c host cells but are not present among the colicin dna forms isolated from recombination-deficient rec a cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
131,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "rec a",
"pos": [
155,
160
]
} |
three criteria have been used to identify cellular genes that might play a role in oncogenesis : ( i ) homology with known viral transforming genes ( v-onc 's ) ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
83,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C1336966",
"name": "viral transforming genes",
"pos": [
123,
147
]
} |
the shock was associated with a marked but transient complement activation as judged from serial determinations of c3d and c3c by doubledecker rocket immuno electrophoresis and native c3 and c3c by crossed immuno electrophoresis . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
53,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3c",
"pos": [
191,
194
]
} |
the adenovirus type 5 e1a transcriptional control region contains an element with enhancer properties located between -141 and -305 relative to the e1a cap site at +1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158770",
"name": "transcriptional control",
"pos": [
26,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C1709313",
"name": "e1a",
"pos": [
148,
151
]
} |
both bromphenacyl bromide ( bpab ) and epoxy-p-nitrophenoxypropane ( epnp ) inhibited chemotaxis and chemotaxin-induced enzyme release elicited by pepstatin and formylmethionyl peptides , which share membrane receptors , and also by zymosan-activated serum , the major active component of which ( c5a ) occupies a different receptor . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
86,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
297,
300
]
} |
dna repair and genetic recombination have been studied in recf143 mutants of escherichia coli in which expression of inducible , sos repair activities was altered by additional mutations either in lexa or reca . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
205,
209
]
} |
dna repair and genetic recombination have been studied in recf143 mutants of escherichia coli in which expression of inducible , sos repair activities was altered by additional mutations either in lexa or reca . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "genetic recombination",
"pos": [
15,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
205,
209
]
} |
recombination in jc10287 delta ( srlr-reca ) 304 occurred at 5 % of the wild-type frequency and appeared to occur by a similar mechanism . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
38,
42
]
} |
unscheduled halts in dna replication , generally considered the primary inducing event , are not sufficient to induce the sos response : no increase in reca expression was observed in dnag ( ts ) mutants cultivated at non-permissive temperature . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "unscheduled",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
152,
156
]
} |
all chemicals except anethole , estragole and isosafrole were positive in the bacillus subtilis dna-repair test ( rec assay ) without s9 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
96,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
114,
117
]
} |
in addition , the mutation rates of the recombination-deficient strains wp10 ( reca ) and bs-1 ( uvrb lexa ) were also about 3-fold less than that of wild-type strain . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
40,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
79,
83
]
} |
these findings indicate that the calcium binding mechanism of the placental cabps should be different from that of the others . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516144",
"name": "calcium binding",
"pos": [
33,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C1419788",
"name": "cabps",
"pos": [
76,
81
]
} |
we determined the nucleotide sequence of the replication region of rsc13 to be 2937 bp and then compared this region ( designated the 2.9-kb region ) to the analogous region of psm1 , a small derivative of the plasmid r100 which has common ancestry with r1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
45,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
254,
256
]
} |
to study intramembrane hydrolysis , [ 3h ] oleyl-labeled membranes of m. gallisepticum were treated with pancreatic phospholipase a2 at ph 5.0 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
23,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C1418617",
"name": "pancreatic phospholipase a2",
"pos": [
105,
132
]
} |
crossed anti-c3c immunoelectrophoresis of a plasma sample with in vivo complement activation revealed a pronounced 'spur ' formation towards the cathodic region of immunochemical interaction between native c3 and c3c . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
71,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3c",
"pos": [
213,
216
]
} |
a major site of tyrosine phosphorylation within the sh2 domain of fujinami sarcoma virus p130gag-fps is not required for protein-tyrosine kinase activity or transforming potential . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519726",
"name": "tyrosine phosphorylation",
"pos": [
16,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C1708010",
"name": "fps",
"pos": [
97,
100
]
} |
phosphorylation of the major autophosphorylation site ( tyr-1073 ) within fujinami sarcoma virus p130gag-fps activates both the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity and transforming potential of the protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C1708010",
"name": "fps",
"pos": [
105,
108
]
} |
we have studied the contractile response and phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by substance p ( sp ) , neurokinin a ( nka ) , neurokinin b ( nkb ) , and alp-phe-phe ( r ) -gly [ anc-2 ] -leu-met-nh2 ( l 363851 ) , a selective nk2-receptor agonist , in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
62,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C3812647",
"name": "alp",
"pos": [
155,
158
]
} |
the 67-kda polypeptide apparently protected eif-2 alpha subunit from hri-catalyzed phosphorylation but did not inhibit hri activity . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
83,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C1539340",
"name": "hri",
"pos": [
119,
122
]
} |
the ph- and temperature-dependent hydrolysis of the 1-phosphohistidinyl residue in p-hpr from streptococcus faecalis has been investigated . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
34,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C1337105",
"name": "hpr",
"pos": [
85,
88
]
} |
the results show that the hydrolysis properties are very similar to those previously reported for p-hpr from escherichia coli . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
26,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C1337105",
"name": "hpr",
"pos": [
100,
103
]
} |
it was postulated that the unusual hydrolysis properties were due to the presence of a carboxyl group at the active site , and it is now known that in hpr from escherichia coli the c-terminal residue glu-85 is present . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
35,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C1337105",
"name": "hpr",
"pos": [
151,
154
]
} |
in 10 hemodialyses ( hd ) with cuprophan ( cu ) and 10 with polyacrylonitrile ( pan ) , signs of complement activation were investigated by following arterial and venous levels of c3a , c3d and c5a , in order to propose a marker of bioincompatibility . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
97,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
186,
189
]
} |
in 10 hemodialyses ( hd ) with cuprophan ( cu ) and 10 with polyacrylonitrile ( pan ) , signs of complement activation were investigated by following arterial and venous levels of c3a , c3d and c5a , in order to propose a marker of bioincompatibility . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
97,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
194,
197
]
} |
although c5a venous levels appeared to be the more significant index of complement activation , for clinical purposes we propose the c3d arterial measurement as a reliable , non-expensive and technically simple indicator of membrane intolerance . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
72,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
133,
136
]
} |
in recombination-deficient reca strains , a high frequency of cells with three , five , six , or seven fully replicated chromosomes was observed in addition to cells with two , four , or eight chromosomes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
3,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
27,
31
]
} |
extended portions of the dnab proteins are also similar to two phage-encoded dna replication proteins : the gene 4 helicase-primase of coliphage t7 and , as reported previously ( h . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "dna replication",
"pos": [
77,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1333949",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
108,
112
]
} |
a saturating dose of inhibitor had no effect on chemotaxis stimulated either by 0.1 to 100 nm fmlp or by zymosan-activated serum . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
94,
98
]
} |
to evaluate the role of p15e expression in tumorigenesis , nih3t3 cells transformed by various oncogenes and balb/c lines transformed by carcinogens or sv40 were examined for p15e expression and tumorigenicity . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
43,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogenes",
"pos": [
95,
104
]
} |
these findings suggest that interaction of protein s9 with 16 s rrna results in a structure in which the 1125/1145 and 1280 regions are proximal to each other . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0872079",
"name": "interaction",
"pos": [
28,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C1419029",
"name": "s9",
"pos": [
51,
53
]
} |
hydrolysis by pancreatic phospholipase a2 of the phospholipids of rat hdl in the presence of the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction of rat serum results in an increase in the particle diameter and an uptake of apo-e and apo a-iv from the lipoprotein-free fraction ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1418617",
"name": "pancreatic",
"pos": [
14,
24
]
} |
a novel approach to the study of the control of the mammalian cell cycle was opened by the cloning of a human gene by complementation of a fission-yeast cdc2 cell-cycle mutant . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155872",
"name": "control",
"pos": [
37,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
153,
157
]
} |
we propose that phosphorylation of p34cdc2 serves as a regulatory mechanism generally in eukaryotic cells , while transcriptional control of the cdc2 gene in higher eukaryotes may be relevant to long term processes such as senescence and differentiation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
16,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
145,
149
]
} |
the significance of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene antisense transcripts and transcriptional competence of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus for c-myc expression is discussed . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
78,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
149,
154
]
} |
anti-t11 mab blocked t cell activation via the cd2 srbc-binding protein , and anti-t4 mab infusions abolished pwm-induced ig synthesis without lysis of the cd4+ t cell subpopulations . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
21,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "srbc",
"pos": [
51,
55
]
} |
the role of ras proteins in signal transduction was assessed by studying inositol phospholipid metabolism and inositol phospholipid-mediated cellular responsiveness to agonists in cells transformed by ras and other oncogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0037083",
"name": "signal transduction",
"pos": [
28,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0034678",
"name": "ras",
"pos": [
201,
204
]
} |
efforts to reconstruct multistep tumorigenesis in cell culture have shown that two types of oncogenes ( typified by hras and myc ) can cooperate to elicit complete transformation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
33,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogenes",
"pos": [
92,
101
]
} |
a fully enzymatic triglyceride determination utilizing enzymatic hydrolysis with a lipase-esterase mixture and subsequent enzymatic glycerol determination , has been adapted for use in a continuous flow 12-channel-analyzer . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
65,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C1418754",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
216,
217
]
} |
a mild proteolytic treatment of the dimeric beta 2 subunit of escherichia coli tryptophan synthetase ( l-serine hydrolase ( adding indole ) ec 4.2.1.20 ) is known to nick each polypeptide chain into two complementary fragments , f1 and f2 ( hogberg-railbaud , a. , and goldberg , m.e . ( 1977 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s.a. 74 , 442-446 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597304",
"name": "proteolytic",
"pos": [
7,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
295,
299
]
} |
assuming the similarity of the processes of illegitimate recombination , such as deletion formation , with the process of f ' plasmid formation , we have undertaken the study of the influence of reca- and seg- alleles of hfr donor on the f ' plasmid formation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
57,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
195,
199
]
} |
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