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to elucidate further the role of this receptor in kidney function , we have examined the effects of all classes of diuretics on the binding of labeled pbr-specific ligands ( r05-4864 , pk 11195 ) to rat kidney membranes ( 13,000 x g x 10 min ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
132,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C1823521",
"name": "pbr",
"pos": [
151,
154
]
} |
the strains all carried deep rough ( rfa ) mutations , and were either wild-type with respect to dna repair capacity or carried reca , uvrb , pola1 or pola3 ( amber ) mutations . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
97,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
128,
132
]
} |
c3d determinations revealed a slight activation of complement upon addition of plasmin , but the activation by xenoperfusion was much more pronounced and , at the end of the experiment , the c3d concentration was the same in the two groups . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
37,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
191,
194
]
} |
the addition of tumor promoter to cultured cells also caused changes in actin-binding proteins simultaneously with changes in morphology , motility and microfilament structure and with the induction of transcription of the beta-actin gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007608",
"name": "motility",
"pos": [
139,
147
]
} | {
"id": "C1384510",
"name": "beta-actin gene",
"pos": [
223,
238
]
} |
the phosphorylated enzyme has a preference for using single-stranded dna as the template for transcription , including transcription of the single-stranded myb oncogene sequence . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
93,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0026900",
"name": "myb",
"pos": [
156,
159
]
} |
the low c3a and c5a concentrations during pan dialysis may be due to a lack of complement activation potential of this polymer , but also to elimination of activated complement components by the dialyser through adsorption and/or ultrafiltration ( mol wt of c3a and c4a 9000 daltons ; of c5a 11,000 daltons ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
79,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
288,
291
]
} |
role in t-cell activation for hla class i molecules from accessory cells : further distinction between activation signals delivered to t cells via cd2 and cd3 molecules . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t-cell activation",
"pos": [
8,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
147,
150
]
} |
we looked for a role of major histocompatibility complex molecules during t-cell activation induced by monoclonal antibody ( mab ) or combinations of mab recognizing the two well-characterized t-cell surface molecules cd3 and cd2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t-cell activation",
"pos": [
74,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
226,
229
]
} |
antibodies that block the ligand binding site of the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate specific receptor ( mr 46,000 mpr ) were used to probe the function of the receptor in transport of lysosomal enzymes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
26,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C1417249",
"name": "mr",
"pos": [
110,
112
]
} |
two criteria suggest that primary multidrug resistance in human adenocarcinomas of the kidney results , at least in part , from expression of the mdr1 gene : ( 1 ) mdr1 mrna levels are elevated in four unselected kidney adenocarcinoma cell lines that show a multidrug-resistant phenotype ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
34,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C1704939",
"name": "mdr1 gene",
"pos": [
146,
155
]
} |
two criteria suggest that primary multidrug resistance in human adenocarcinomas of the kidney results , at least in part , from expression of the mdr1 gene : ( 1 ) mdr1 mrna levels are elevated in four unselected kidney adenocarcinoma cell lines that show a multidrug-resistant phenotype ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
34,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "mdr1",
"pos": [
164,
168
]
} |
however , the identification of a major deletion variant generated even in the recombination-deficient e. coli strain db1256 ( reca recbc sbcb ) suggested that the cruciform may be extruded transiently in vivo . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
79,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
127,
131
]
} |
the expression of bacterial resistance to uv irradiation and nitrofurantoin by a novel r-plasmid peb017 in dna-repair-proficient ( wild-type ) and -deficient ( reca ; uvra ) host strains was compared to the effects of plasmid pkm101 in the isogenic strains . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
107,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
160,
164
]
} |
interaction of a common activator protein , atf , with multiple e1a-inducible early viral promoters , suggests a significant role for atf in e1a-mediated transcriptional activation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0872079",
"name": "interaction",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C1709313",
"name": "e1a",
"pos": [
141,
144
]
} |
intracellular lambda dna ( from edta-sensitive tandem duplication phages ) was extracted from infected rec+ bacteria and scored for infectivity and recombination ( loss of duplication ) by transfection of reca recb spheroplasts and subsequent assay for edta resistance . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
148,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
205,
209
]
} |
when phage development was blocked by repressor or by antibiotics ( chloramphenicol and/or rifampin ) , the apparent recombination frequency was about 0.1 % above the background value for reca infections . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
117,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
188,
192
]
} |
uv-stimulated recombination was very low in reca but nearly normal in recb cells : repair was reduced in both mutant strains . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
14,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
44,
48
]
} |
recombination-deficient strains ( reca , recb recc sbcb recf , recb recl ) and lexa failed to rejoin dna strands after crosslink removal and were unable to form colonies after treatments producing as few as one to two cross-links per chromosome . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
34,
38
]
} |
it is concluded that some dipeptides originating from intralysosomal proteolysis might be split by lysosomal dipeptidases , whereas others are probably hydrolysed only in the extra-lysosomal compartment of the cell . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597304",
"name": "proteolysis",
"pos": [
69,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C2985237",
"name": "lysosomal",
"pos": [
181,
190
]
} |
it was found that reactivation of photoinactivated phix174 was possible only if the host cells were recombination proficient ( reca ( + ) ) and had been lightly irradiated with uv light prior to infection ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
100,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
127,
131
]
} |
preparation of large oligonucleotides by rnase t1 partial hydrolysis of ms2 virus treated with succinic anhydride . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
58,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C1412206",
"name": "ms2",
"pos": [
72,
75
]
} |
the fast reaction ( ( t2 ) approximately 50 msec ) observed previously in the refolding of thermally unfolded ribonuclease a ( disulfide bonds intact ) has now been studied by two properties indicative of enzyme function : binding of a competitive inhibitor ( 2'cmp ) and hydrolysis of a substrate ( cpa -- > c > p + a ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
272,
282
]
} | {
"id": "C1413662",
"name": "cpa",
"pos": [
300,
303
]
} |
insertion near pim-2 is a relatively late event in tumorigenesis and is often preceded by proviral insertions in other common insertion sites , yielding tumor clones which carry proviruses in up to three different common insertion sites within the same cell ( c-myc , pim-1 and pim-2 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
51,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
260,
265
]
} |
these results suggest that tgf-beta 1 inhibits proliferation and dexamethasone-induced differentiation of m1 cells by interacting with receptors that can distinguish between tgf-beta 1 and tgf-beta 2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
87,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C1366557",
"name": "tgf-beta 1",
"pos": [
174,
184
]
} |
ref was active in lexa3 mutants , suggesting that the recombination activity of reca was directly involved in the reaction . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
54,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
80,
84
]
} |
however , unlike reca-mediated plasmid recombination , beta-protein-mediated recombination in recbcd- exoi- cells was independent of recf and recj activities . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
39,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C1707870",
"name": "exoi",
"pos": [
102,
106
]
} |
we propose that inactivation of exonuclease i and recbcd nuclease stabilizes a recombination intermediate that is involved in reca- and beta-protein-catalyzed homologous pairing reactions . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
79,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
126,
130
]
} |
after digestion of the purified 14c-mucin with trypsin-l-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone , three fractions ( tr-1 , tr-2 , and tr-3 ) were observed by chromatography on sepharose 4b . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012238",
"name": "digestion",
"pos": [
6,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C1418970",
"name": "trypsin",
"pos": [
47,
54
]
} |
a similar high molecular mass form is observed when hri is treated with 1,6-bismaleimidohexane , a double sulfhydryl cross-linker agent , and the autophosphorylation of hri and the phosphorylation of eif-2 alpha by hri are greatly diminished ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
150,
165
]
} | {
"id": "C1539340",
"name": "hri",
"pos": [
215,
218
]
} |
fdp ( 10-100 micrograms/ml ) inhibited pmn o2- release and chemotaxis stimulated by fmlp by 17-50 % ( p less than 0.005 ) and 41 % ( p less than 0.01 ) , respectively . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
59,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
84,
88
]
} |
the activation of t cells with mitogenic monoclonal antibodies directed against the cd2 or cd3 cell surface molecules , or with phytohemagglutinin , induced all nine genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
84,
87
]
} |
the extensive demethylation was not always associated with changes in the level of rna expression of the genes examined but was strongly correlated with an altered chromatin structure of the unexpressed alpha 1-globin gene and the muscle determination gene myod1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
83,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C1417574",
"name": "myod1",
"pos": [
257,
262
]
} |
we used run-on transcription assays to monitor the rate of transcription of four oncogenes ( c-myc , c-myb , c-fos , and c-k-ras ) ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
15,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
93,
98
]
} |
one or both of these functions seems to be physiologically important , given that certain anti-cd2 monoclonal antibodies block t-cell activation and that antigen-responsive memory t cells express a high level of cd2 relative to virgin t cells , which are largely antigen-unresponsive . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t-cell activation",
"pos": [
127,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
212,
215
]
} |
whether mesoderm can be induced by activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways implicated in mitogenesis and oncogenesis has been investigated with the viral oncogene polyoma middle t . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
122,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C1336966",
"name": "viral",
"pos": [
165,
170
]
} |
moreover , in analogy to the effect produced upon other differentiated cells in culture , such as myoblasts and adipocytes , tgf beta 1 modulates the expression of frtl5-specific thyroid markers , reducing thyroglobulin biosynthesis and the ability to concentrate the iodide . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated cells",
"pos": [
56,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C1366557",
"name": "tgf beta 1",
"pos": [
125,
135
]
} |
sds-page analysis of [ 35s ] methionine-labelled proteins showed that while the non-glycosylated viral polypeptides ( p , np and m ) were normally synthesized in pga1-treated cells , the viral glycoproteins hn and f0 were not detected . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0017982",
"name": "viral",
"pos": [
97,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C1706141",
"name": "np",
"pos": [
122,
124
]
} |
we conclude that lps-induced ( septic ) shock in the rat may result , in part , from the effects of complement activation and particularly from the generation of c5a . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
100,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
162,
165
]
} |
rabbit intestine contains a protein that inhibits the dissociation of gdp from and the subsequent binding of gtp to rhob p20 , a ras p21-like gtp-binding protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1149035",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
98,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0812235",
"name": "rhob",
"pos": [
116,
120
]
} |
these results indicate that rabbit intestine contains a novel regulatory protein that inhibits the dissociation of gdp from and thereby the subsequent binding of gtp to rhob p20 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1149035",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
151,
158
]
} | {
"id": "C0812235",
"name": "rhob",
"pos": [
169,
173
]
} |
accordingly , because interleukin-1 has no direct effect on hematopoietic progenitor cells , its major effect on hematopoiesis is to regulate the expression of hematopoietic growth factor genes by other cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0018951",
"name": "hematopoiesis",
"pos": [
113,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C1708434",
"name": "hematopoietic",
"pos": [
160,
173
]
} |
chemotaxis was studied in antibiotic-free and antibiotic-containing agar using zymosan-activated serum and fmlp as stimuli . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
107,
111
]
} |
while combinations of 2 appropriate anti-cd2 mabs were required for induction of t lymphocyte activation , single stimulatory anti-cd2 mabs were sufficient for inducing cytolytic function in cd3- cd16+ lymphocytes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t lymphocyte activation",
"pos": [
81,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
131,
134
]
} |
similar complementation of dna repair functions was observed in the uv-induced rec- agrobacterium mutant , lba4301 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
27,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
79,
82
]
} |
cloning and nucleotide sequence of dna mismatch repair gene pms1 from saccharomyces cerevisiae : homology of pms1 to procaryotic mutl and hexb . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155661",
"name": "mismatch repair",
"pos": [
39,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0879390",
"name": "gene pms1",
"pos": [
55,
64
]
} |
this receptor demonstrates signal transduction competence in all these hosts , indicating that 1 ) t cells express the necessary apparatus for the coupling of hm1 to second messenger generation and 2 ) the mutations in the j.cam family all affect molecules that are specific to cd3/ti , and not hm1 , function . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0037083",
"name": "signal transduction",
"pos": [
27,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C1705014",
"name": "hm1",
"pos": [
295,
298
]
} |
anticipating a role for many adhesion molecules in signal transduction , we studied the effect of cd44 mab on t cell activation and observed that cd44 mab dramatically augments t cell proliferation induced by cd3- and cd2-receptor-mediated activation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
110,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
218,
221
]
} |
the drs element is also not required for homothallic mating type switching , transcriptional induction of rad54 during meiosis , meiotic recombination , or spontaneous or x-ray-induced mitotic recombination . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
77,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C2699123",
"name": "rad54",
"pos": [
106,
111
]
} |
fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta repress transcription of the myogenic regulatory gene myod1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
69,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C1417574",
"name": "myod1",
"pos": [
115,
120
]
} |
although this repression may contribute to the inhibition of myogenesis by growth factors , additional regulatory pathways must be affected , since inhibition still occurs in cultures engineered to constitutively express myod1 mrna . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596997",
"name": "myogenesis",
"pos": [
61,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C1417574",
"name": "myod1",
"pos": [
221,
226
]
} |
this observation demonstrates that t is regulated by phosphorylation and provides a model for cdc2 function in the control of dna replication . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
53,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
94,
98
]
} |
although the ribosomal protein coding sequences showed 40-60 % amino acid identity with e. coli sequences , we failed to find sequences which would form a structure resembling the e. coli target site for the s8 translational repressor , located near the beginning of the l5 coding region in e. coli , in this region or elsewhere in the b. subtilis spc dna . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
211,
224
]
} | {
"id": "C3813714",
"name": "l5",
"pos": [
271,
273
]
} |
using gene-specific dna probes , we examined the levels of the expression ( transcription ) of heat-shock protein genes and two nuclear proto-oncogenes , c-fos and c-myc , in the embryos removed from irradiated pregnant mother rats 4 or 5 days after the irradiation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
76,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
164,
169
]
} |
activation of t cells during an immune response results in the induction of select transcription factors that bind specifically to kappa b enhancer elements present in both the il-2r alpha and il-2 genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
32,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0879590",
"name": "il-2 genes",
"pos": [
193,
203
]
} |
the cellular localization of the 10,000 molecular weight calcium-binding protein ( cabp or calbindin-d ) in the small intestinal epithelium of man was investigated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy ( immunogold staining ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516144",
"name": "calcium-binding",
"pos": [
57,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C1419788",
"name": "cabp",
"pos": [
83,
87
]
} |
the ability of autonomous transmissible plasmids or sex factors to transfer chromosomal genes to f ( - ) recipient bacteria has been investigated by using a series of rec ( + ) and reca ( - ) donor strains . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
105,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
181,
185
]
} |
the dam-2 mutant strain exhibits a level of sensitivity to 2-aminopurine ( 2ap ) intermediate between that of the dam+ and the dna adenine methylation-deficit dam-1 strain , and 2ap sensitivity was reversed by introduction of a muth mutation or of the plasmid pmq148 ( which carries a functional escherichia coli dam+ gene ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0025723",
"name": "methylation",
"pos": [
139,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C1334751",
"name": "dam",
"pos": [
313,
316
]
} |
activation at m-phase of a protein kinase encoded by a starfish homologue of the cell cycle control gene cdc2+ . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155872",
"name": "cell cycle control",
"pos": [
81,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
105,
109
]
} |
the analysis of the transcriptional activation of proto-oncogenes in cells stimulated by serum or sv40 infection revealed an enhanced transcription of a common set of proto-oncogenes , including c-myc and c-fos . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
20,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
195,
200
]
} |
to examine the roles of the cytoplasms of differentiated somatic cells on nuclear gene expression , reconstituted cells ( rc-cells ) were isolated clonally by fusing karyoplasts ( isolated nuclei ) from neomycin-resistant mouse teratocarcinoma pcc4-neor cells with cytoplasts ( isolated cytoplasms ) of chloramphenicol ( cap ) -resistant rat myoblasts l6tg.capr cells , and after double selection in the medium containing 400 micrograms/ml of neomycin and 100 micrograms/ml of cap ( g418 plus cap medium ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
11,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C1413796",
"name": "capr",
"pos": [
357,
361
]
} |
we have previously characterized two dna-binding factors in yeast extracts that recognize specific sequences at the hmr e silencer . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna-binding",
"pos": [
37,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C1367453",
"name": "hmr",
"pos": [
116,
119
]
} |
subcomplete hydrolysis obtained with a ratio of trypsin/membrane protein of 0.05-0.1 for the two ca2+ pumps resulted in the total disappearance of the 100- , 80- , and 35-kda fragments . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
12,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C1418965",
"name": "trypsin",
"pos": [
48,
55
]
} |
we now report that the protein product of the genomic clone , g21 , transiently expressed in monkey kidney cells has all the typical ligand-binding characteristics of the 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht1a ) receptor . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand-binding",
"pos": [
133,
147
]
} | {
"id": "C1415803",
"name": "5-ht1a",
"pos": [
193,
199
]
} |
a p1 replicon with a mutation in repa , the gene that encodes an essential replication protein , is complemented for replication by providing either the p1 repa protein ( repa1 ) or the p7 repa protein ( repa7 ) in trans . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
75,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C1334490",
"name": "p1",
"pos": [
153,
155
]
} |
a p1 replicon with a mutation in repa , the gene that encodes an essential replication protein , is complemented for replication by providing either the p1 repa protein ( repa1 ) or the p7 repa protein ( repa7 ) in trans . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
75,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C1419618",
"name": "repa1",
"pos": [
171,
176
]
} |
in human mdr cells only elevated mdr1 expression has been shown thusfar , although another p-glycoprotein encoding gene ( mdr3 , homologous to hamster pgp3 ) is closely linked . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr",
"pos": [
9,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "mdr1",
"pos": [
33,
37
]
} |
in human mdr cells only elevated mdr1 expression has been shown thusfar , although another p-glycoprotein encoding gene ( mdr3 , homologous to hamster pgp3 ) is closely linked . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr",
"pos": [
9,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C1704939",
"name": "p-glycoprotein",
"pos": [
91,
105
]
} |
in human mdr cells only elevated mdr1 expression has been shown thusfar , although another p-glycoprotein encoding gene ( mdr3 , homologous to hamster pgp3 ) is closely linked . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr",
"pos": [
9,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C1412071",
"name": "mdr3",
"pos": [
122,
126
]
} |
four other human mdr cell lines also have much higher mdr1 overexpression than expected from the relatively low levels ( 2- to 30-fold ) of gene amplification . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr",
"pos": [
17,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "mdr1",
"pos": [
54,
58
]
} |
although four of the five human mdr cell lines have coamplified mdr3 , its expression was undetectable . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr",
"pos": [
32,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C1412071",
"name": "mdr3",
"pos": [
64,
68
]
} |
a synthetic diacylglycerol 1,2-dicaprylin failed to stimulate the phosphorylation of 27- and 68-kd proteins , but stimulated the phosphorylation of proteins with apparent mol . wts of 100,000 and 54,000 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
66,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C1705714",
"name": "wts",
"pos": [
177,
180
]
} |
from these experiments we conclude that ( i ) c-myc , c-myb , and p53 are regulated independently at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels , ( ii ) dfmo inhibits mel cell proliferation and expression of several genes , including c-myc , c-myb and p53 , and ( iii ) dfmo suppresses terminal differentiation but is unable to alter proto-oncogene changes associated with the early stages of differentiation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
110,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
248,
253
]
} |
from these experiments we conclude that ( i ) c-myc , c-myb , and p53 are regulated independently at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels , ( ii ) dfmo inhibits mel cell proliferation and expression of several genes , including c-myc , c-myb and p53 , and ( iii ) dfmo suppresses terminal differentiation but is unable to alter proto-oncogene changes associated with the early stages of differentiation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
185,
203
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
248,
253
]
} |
comparative two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses of proteins revealed that , like induced thermotolerant wild-type cells ( i.e. , cells induced to a transient physiological state of thermotolerance by a sublethal heat conditioning treatment administered 18 h before ) , the heat-resistant variants had , at normal temperature , an increased content of a heat-shock protein with mr of 27,000 ( hsp27 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0282498",
"name": "heat-shock",
"pos": [
358,
368
]
} | {
"id": "C1333928",
"name": "hsp27",
"pos": [
397,
402
]
} |
a prolonged , intrapulmonary infusion of c5a ( 20 minutes ) , in contrast to a bolus instillation ( 1 minute ) , did initiate an inflammatory response , which may reflect the conversion of the c5a to c5a des arg in the lung . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155266",
"name": "inflammatory",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
200,
203
]
} |
hydrolysis of the standard aminopeptidase p substrate , gly-pro-hyp , as well as cleavage of arg-pro-pro and the arg1-pro2 bond of bradykinin , co-eluted from a mono q anion exchange column and demonstrated identical inhibitory profiles suggesting that all activities were functions of the same enzyme . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1412515",
"name": "arg1",
"pos": [
113,
117
]
} |
for uv-irradiated e. coli strains possessing different dna-repair capacities , sodium arsenite decreased the uv survival rates of wp2 , wp2uvra [ uvra ] and wp67 [ uvra pola ] , increased those of sos-uninducible strains having either the reca+ or uvra+ such as cm571 [ reca ] , cm561 [ lexa ( ind- ) ] and cm611 [ uvra lexa ( ind- ) ] , and did not affect that of the uvra reca double mutant , wp100 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
55,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
374,
378
]
} |
in leukemic cells this recombination results in the transcription of a 8.5 kb bcr/c-abl hybrid rna which is translated into a p210 abl protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
52,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
131,
134
]
} |
the inhibitory effect of blister fluid on zymosan-stimulated oxygen consumption correlated with the extent of complement activation , measured as c3d or c3ai ( p less than 0.01 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
110,
131
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
146,
149
]
} |
phosphorylation of synaptosomal plasma membranes from rat hippocampus in the presence of the convulsant drug 4-aminopyridine resulted in the inhibition of the phosphorylation of the nervous tissue specific protein kinase c substrate protein b-50 ( 48 kda ) and the alpha-subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ii ( 50 kda ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C1413099",
"name": "alpha",
"pos": [
265,
270
]
} |
we have analyzed whether these oncogenes are capable of altering the differentiation phenotype of transformed cells by introducing both v-myc plus either v-myb or v-myb , ets into the same cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
20,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0026900",
"name": "v-myb",
"pos": [
163,
168
]
} |
these results demonstrate that v-myb is dominant over v-myc and that , while v-myc induces cell proliferation without affecting differentiation , v-myb induces in the same target cells both proliferation and a block or reversal of differentiation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
91,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0026900",
"name": "v-myb",
"pos": [
146,
151
]
} |
thus , presentation of a given antigen by the endogenous pathway preferentially triggers a response from class i mhc-restricted t lymphocytes directed to that antigen . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "presentation",
"pos": [
7,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0017355",
"name": "class i mhc",
"pos": [
105,
116
]
} |
we have investigated the genetic control of murine catalase expression by analyzing catalase transcription and translation products from the tissues of control ( csa ) and acatalasemic ( csb ) mouse strains . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
93,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C1707866",
"name": "csb",
"pos": [
187,
190
]
} |
previous work from this laboratory and others has shown that the hydrolysis of pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( dppc ) liposomes by porcine pancreatic phospholipase a2 in the vicinity of the gel-to-liquid crystal phase transition is characterized by a slow initial phase followed by an apparent burst of activity . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
65,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C1418617",
"name": "pancreatic",
"pos": [
145,
155
]
} |
fibroblast bhk and pituitary gh4 cells transfected with the fusion gene synthesized a polypeptide ( mr = 18,000 ) characteristic of the glycosylated precursor , pro-avp-np ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0017982",
"name": "precursor",
"pos": [
149,
158
]
} | {
"id": "C1706141",
"name": "np",
"pos": [
169,
171
]
} |
calcium-binding studies on zinc-bound s100a proved that calcium- and zinc-binding sites were distinct although there was no increase in zinc-bound s100a affinity for calcium , as in s100b protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516144",
"name": "calcium-binding",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C1419781",
"name": "s100a",
"pos": [
147,
152
]
} |
incubation of s100a with calcium and kcl proved that calcium binding to the putative calcium-binding sites ( site i alpha , i beta ) triggers a time- and temperature-dependent conformational change in the protein structure which decreases the antagonistic effect of kcl on calcium binding to sites ii alpha and ii beta and provokes subunit exchanges between protein dimers and the emergence of s100 alpha alpha and s100b ( beta beta ) proteins . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516144",
"name": "calcium binding",
"pos": [
53,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C1419781",
"name": "s100 alpha",
"pos": [
394,
404
]
} |
incubation of s100a with calcium and kcl proved that calcium binding to the putative calcium-binding sites ( site i alpha , i beta ) triggers a time- and temperature-dependent conformational change in the protein structure which decreases the antagonistic effect of kcl on calcium binding to sites ii alpha and ii beta and provokes subunit exchanges between protein dimers and the emergence of s100 alpha alpha and s100b ( beta beta ) proteins . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516144",
"name": "calcium binding",
"pos": [
53,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C1419790",
"name": "s100b",
"pos": [
415,
420
]
} |
we have previously shown that 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine ( l-t3 ) stimulates cell growth and a 4- to 8-fold increase in growth hormone mrna in gh1 cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0018270",
"name": "growth",
"pos": [
82,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C1333673",
"name": "gh1",
"pos": [
143,
146
]
} |
the question of whether the thyroid-stimulating antibodies ( tsab ) present in sera of patients with graves ' disease have the same desensitizing effect as tsh was evaluated in this study using a differentiated strain of rat thyroid cells ( frt-l5 ) which requires tsh for growth and develops refractoriness to acute tsh stimulation of camp accumulation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
196,
210
]
} | {
"id": "C1705150",
"name": "frt",
"pos": [
241,
244
]
} |
by using plasmid rp1ts12 , which is temperature-sensitive in replication , it was demonstrated that in cells rec+ the cointegrates between r57 and rp1 are extremely unstable . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
61,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
109,
112
]
} |
the latter effect was nor observed in a restriction-deficient strain ( r- ) nor in a recombination or sos-deficient reca strain . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
85,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
116,
120
]
} |
the involvement of host replication proteins and of specific origin sequences in the in vitro replication of miniplasmid r1 dna . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
24,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
121,
123
]
} |
the in vitro replication of r1 miniplasmid promoted by purified preparations of the plasmid encoded repa protein in cell extracts of e. coli is resistant to rifampicin and can be completely inhibited by antibodies against dnag , the primase of the cell , as well as by antibodies against proteins dnab and ssb . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
13,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
28,
30
]
} |
consecutive severely traumatized patients ( n = 16 ) requiring intensive care underwent serial monitoring of complement activation and monocyte migratory function with the chemoattractant activated serum ( c5a ) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine ( fmlp ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
109,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
206,
209
]
} |
complement was found to be activated , and chemotaxis to c5a was correspondingly depressed maximally at a mean 5 to 7 days after injury ( p = less than 0.01 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
43,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
57,
60
]
} |
conversely , in a consecutive series of patients undergoing aortoiliac bypass grafting ( n = 11 ) , there was no evidence of complement activation , and monocyte migratory function remained normal for both c5a and fmlp . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
125,
146
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
206,
209
]
} |
these data suggest that in patients with severe trauma , the activation of complement , particularly the fifth component ( c5a ) , reduces the migratory responsiveness of circulating monocytes to c5a . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
61,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
196,
199
]
} |
the kd-values of some histamine h2-active compounds , obtained from radio-ligand-binding studies on a homogenate of the guinea-pig cerebral cortex with 3h-tiotidine as the labelled h2-ligand , were compared with the pa2/pd2-value of these compounds on the guinea-pig right atrium and guinea-pig isolated gastric fundus . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand-binding",
"pos": [
74,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0919509",
"name": "h2",
"pos": [
181,
183
]
} |
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