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thus , the recombination involving the f structure in wild type strains and seg- mutants occures preferentially in the points of f outside the regions essential for transfer and sensitivity to male specific phages , while in reca- and reca-ges- strains the points inside these regions ( tra operon ) frequently involved in f ' plasmid looping out . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
11,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
235,
239
]
} |
the transcription patterns of drosophila melanogaster src , abl and two ras homologs were analyzed in normal drosophila tissue , in neuroblasts derived from tumorous larval brain of the mutant lethal ( 2 ) giant larvae [ l ( 2 ) gl ] and in schneider 2 tissue culture cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
60,
63
]
} |
by scoring prophage induction and recombination of the lac duplication , we isolated new reca mutations . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
34,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
89,
93
]
} |
moreover h19 , like lfa-3 , is required for t cell activation : when we stimulated whole pbmc anti-h19 blocked [ h3 ] tdr incorporation triggered via cd3 , but not via cd2 , in contrast to anti-lfa-3 that inhibited activation via both pathways . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
44,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
168,
171
]
} |
transformation-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel cellular protein in chicken cells expressing oncogenic variants of the avian cellular src gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519726",
"name": "tyrosine phosphorylation",
"pos": [
24,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0038085",
"name": "src gene",
"pos": [
146,
154
]
} |
we describe here a protein found in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae which possesses dna-binding properties that are virtually identical to those of human mltf . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna-binding",
"pos": [
87,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C1421376",
"name": "mltf",
"pos": [
157,
161
]
} |
these two proteins recognize the same dna-binding site , make the same purine nucleotide contacts , and are affected in the same manner by mutations in the mltf-binding site . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna-binding",
"pos": [
38,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C1421376",
"name": "mltf",
"pos": [
156,
160
]
} |
only a few of the genes involved in dna repair in mammalian cells have been isolated , and induction of a dna repair gene in response to dna damage has not yet been established . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
36,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C1333237",
"name": "dna repair gene",
"pos": [
106,
121
]
} |
this pathway does not directly affect the steady-state messenger rna level , transcription , or messenger rna half-life of other t cell activation genes , including c-myc , c-fos , il-2 receptor , and the 4f2hc surface antigen . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
77,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
165,
170
]
} |
twenty percent of this study 's asymptomatic subjects had 4 mm or more translational motion at the l4-5 interspace and at least 10 % had 3 mm or greater motion at all levels except l5-s1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
71,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C3813714",
"name": "l5",
"pos": [
181,
183
]
} |
il-2 and all other csfs tested stimulated the transcription of the nuclear protooncogenes c-fos , c-myc , and c-myb . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
46,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
98,
103
]
} |
to determine whether it is possible to separate antitumour and mutagenic properties in the nitracrine series , a number of 4-substituted derivatives of the hypoxia-selective drug nitracrine have been evaluated for their mutagenic effects at three loci in several strains of salmonella typhimurium differing in dna-repair capacity ( uvrb , reca , plasmid pkm101 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
310,
320
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
339,
343
]
} |
we therefore examined whether the effects of ra on growth could be related to changes in the expression of the growth hormone gene which is known to be transcriptionally regulated by both thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0018270",
"name": "growth",
"pos": [
51,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C1333673",
"name": "growth hormone gene",
"pos": [
111,
130
]
} |
among the eukaryotic g proteins that have been implicated as mediators of signal transduction are the protein products of the mammalian ras genes ( p21s ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0037083",
"name": "signal transduction",
"pos": [
74,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0034678",
"name": "ras",
"pos": [
136,
139
]
} |
these results suggest that heparin inhibits a protein kinase c-dependent pathway for cell proliferation and suppresses the induction of c-fos and c-myc mrna at a site distal to activation of the kinase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
85,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
146,
151
]
} |
in a series of investigations by our group and other authors the following immunological parameters have been considered : t cell activation induced by different pathways ( i.e . autologous stimulation , pha , anti-cd3 , -cd2 and -cd28 monoclonal antibodies ) , and lymphokine production ( i.e . il-1 , il-2 and gamma-ifn ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
123,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
231,
234
]
} |
although increased expression of all three mdr genes was detected in 2 of 12 cell lines tested , multidrug resistance was associated in 10 of 12 lines with the independent overexpression of either mdr1 ( 7 of 12 ) or mdr3 ( 3 of 12 ) but not mdr2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
97,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "mdr1",
"pos": [
197,
201
]
} |
although increased expression of all three mdr genes was detected in 2 of 12 cell lines tested , multidrug resistance was associated in 10 of 12 lines with the independent overexpression of either mdr1 ( 7 of 12 ) or mdr3 ( 3 of 12 ) but not mdr2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
97,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C1412071",
"name": "mdr2",
"pos": [
242,
246
]
} |
a primary response to many growth factor-induced transmembrane signals is the rapid activation of transcription of the proto-oncogene c-fos and other early-response genes , including the beta-actin gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0162493",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
84,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0599295",
"name": "early-response genes",
"pos": [
150,
170
]
} |
in fission yeast ( schizosaccharomyces pombe ) , cell size at mitosis is determined by expression of the cdc25+ and nim1+ inducer genes and of the inhibitor gene wee1+ , which between them regulate the m-phase protein kinase p34cdc2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
62,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C1421500",
"name": "gene wee1",
"pos": [
157,
166
]
} |
three escherichia coli heat shock proteins are required for p1 plasmid dna replication : formation of an active complex between e. coli dnaj protein and the p1 initiator protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
71,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C1334490",
"name": "p1",
"pos": [
157,
159
]
} |
the possible involvement of krox-20 in the regulation of the transcription of other homeobox genes is discussed in view of their respective patterns of expression . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158770",
"name": "regulation",
"pos": [
43,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0017347",
"name": "homeobox genes",
"pos": [
84,
98
]
} |
we show that suppression of rad6 delta is dependent on the rad52 recombinational repair pathway since suppression is not observed in the rad6 delta srs2 strain containing an additional mutation in either the rad51 , rad52 , rad54 , rad55 or rad57 genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158512",
"name": "recombinational repair",
"pos": [
65,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "rad51",
"pos": [
208,
213
]
} |
the optimum conditions for in vitro chicken mononuclear leukocyte chemotaxis to n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine ( fmlp ) were defined and compared with those for the chicken macrophage-like cell line , hd11 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
66,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
123,
127
]
} |
these data suggest that piroxicam and indomethacin interfere with postreceptor signaling events specific to pmn stimulation by fmlp . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0037083",
"name": "signaling",
"pos": [
79,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
127,
131
]
} |
typical multidrug resistance in human and animal cell lines is caused by overactivity of an unidirectional transmembrane drug efflux pump , encoded by the mdr genes , called mdr genes in mice and humans and pgp genes in hamsters . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1512072",
"name": "drug efflux",
"pos": [
121,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0376623",
"name": "mdr genes",
"pos": [
174,
183
]
} |
assembly of the ligand-binding conformation of mr 46,000 mannose 6-phosphate-specific receptor takes place before reaching the golgi complex . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand-binding",
"pos": [
16,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C1417249",
"name": "mr",
"pos": [
47,
49
]
} |
il-3 , through tyrosine phosphorylation , supports viability and growth through the regulation of transcription of a series of genes including c-myc and c-pim-1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
98,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
143,
148
]
} |
we compared the effects of alpha-amanitin and actinomycin d on the transcription of c-fos and c-myc with the effects of each inhibitor on the distribution of the corresponding oncogenic dna sequences in the chromatographically separated nucleosome fractions . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
67,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
94,
99
]
} |
this was confirmed by run-off transcription assays showing a restoration of c-fos and c-myc rna synthesis when actinomycin d was displaced by proflavine . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
30,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
86,
91
]
} |
complement activation by biomaterials may play an important role in vascular graft failure since the physiologically active polypeptides , c3a and c5a , have several relevant properties . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
147,
150
]
} |
multiple copies of a consensus sequence for dna binding by p48v-myb inserted upstream of a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter are strongly stimulatory for transcriptional activation by a v-myb-vp16 fusion protein but not by p48v-myb itself , suggesting that the binding of p48v-myb to dna may not be sufficient for trans activation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
44,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0026900",
"name": "v-myb",
"pos": [
288,
293
]
} |
increased expression with differentiation was seen for the human homeotic genes hox 2.1 and hox 2.2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
26,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0017347",
"name": "homeotic",
"pos": [
65,
73
]
} |
increased expression with differentiation was seen for the human homeotic genes hox 2.1 and hox 2.2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
26,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C3540565",
"name": "hox 2.2",
"pos": [
92,
99
]
} |
inhibition of phosphatases with okadaic acid in interphase cells leads to the phosphorylation of c-abl mitotic sites , indicating that those sites are preferentially dephosphorylated during interphase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
78,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
99,
102
]
} |
the differential phosphorylation of c-abl in the cell cycle is therefore determined by an equilibrium between cdc2 kinase and protein phosphatase activities . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
17,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
38,
41
]
} |
the differential phosphorylation of c-abl in the cell cycle is therefore determined by an equilibrium between cdc2 kinase and protein phosphatase activities . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
17,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
110,
114
]
} |
a correlation between defective lectin-stimulated proliferation and deficient hydrolysis of inositol-containing phospholipids ( pi ) has recently been demonstrated in b220+ t cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
78,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C1335285",
"name": "b220",
"pos": [
167,
171
]
} |
this observation suggested that an inability to metabolize pi and to generate second messengers putatively necessary for transmembrane signaling might not be responsible for aberrant pkc activity in b220+ t cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0037083",
"name": "signaling",
"pos": [
135,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C1335285",
"name": "b220",
"pos": [
199,
203
]
} |
here , dieter kabelitz discusses recent advances in understanding the mechanism of t-cell activation , focusing on findings that indicate that certain t cells do not express cd2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t-cell",
"pos": [
83,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
174,
177
]
} |
in light of this and other observations , the meiotic and mitotic defects of rad50 mutants can be accounted for economically by the proposal that meiotic recombination , meiotic chromosome pairing , and vegetative dna repair all use a common chromosomal homology search that involves rad50 function . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155792",
"name": "meiotic recombination",
"pos": [
146,
167
]
} | {
"id": "C1419239",
"name": "rad50",
"pos": [
284,
289
]
} |
in light of this and other observations , the meiotic and mitotic defects of rad50 mutants can be accounted for economically by the proposal that meiotic recombination , meiotic chromosome pairing , and vegetative dna repair all use a common chromosomal homology search that involves rad50 function . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
214,
224
]
} | {
"id": "C1419239",
"name": "rad50",
"pos": [
284,
289
]
} |
dna-binding studies with in vitro translated c-erba indicate that each of the s14 tres contains a specific binding site for the receptor . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna-binding",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0242987",
"name": "erba",
"pos": [
47,
51
]
} |
it has been speculated that the n-terminal v-myb repeats might be crucial for dna-binding , since n-terminal deletions destroy the dna-binding activity of the v-myb protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna-binding",
"pos": [
78,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0026900",
"name": "v-myb",
"pos": [
159,
164
]
} |
dissection of this region suggests that both repeats are required for dna-binding , but that both repeats play different roles in v-myb protein dna interaction . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna-binding",
"pos": [
70,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0026900",
"name": "v-myb",
"pos": [
130,
135
]
} |
both of these growth factors were able to increase the transcription , within 1 hr , of two il-3-inducible genes -- c-myc and the gamma chain of the t-cell receptor . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
55,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
116,
121
]
} |
to further characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms which lead to the profound t and b cell immunodeficiency in this condition , we examined in vitro immunoregulatory t lymphocyte activation and effector function , interleukin-2 ( il-2 ) synthesis , il-2 receptor generation , and cd4 gene structure . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
0,
1
]
} | {
"id": "C1332714",
"name": "cd4 gene",
"pos": [
291,
299
]
} |
activities of these viral enhancers in differentiated cells were completely repressed by cotransfection with the adenovirus e1a gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0243052",
"name": "activities",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1709313",
"name": "e1a",
"pos": [
124,
127
]
} |
to define better the structural components of the cd2 extracellular region which are important in contact-mediated cellular adhesion , a single-domain cd2 immunoadhesion protein has been prepared from papain digestion of a soluble two-domain cd2 molecule . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007577",
"name": "cellular",
"pos": [
59,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
242,
245
]
} |
digestion of c3b bound to activated thiol sepharose ( ats-c3b ) in the presence of factor h at low ph and ionic strength and in serum by complement activation produced c3d , g-like fragments with apparent molecular mass of 41 and 43 kda . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
137,
158
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
168,
171
]
} |
analysis of these sequences led to the identification of enhancerlike dna elements which are part of the 3 ' noncoding region of k-fgf exon 3 and promote cat expression only in undifferentiated mouse f9 or human nt2/d1 ec cells , but not in hela , 3t3 , or differentiated f9 cells , therefore mimicking the physiological expression of the k-fgf proto-oncogene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
179,
193
]
} | {
"id": "C0919466",
"name": "k-fgf",
"pos": [
339,
344
]
} |
these observations indicate that the rad1 and rad10 genes function together in a mitotic recombination pathway that is distinct from the rad52 recombination pathway . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158501",
"name": "mitotic recombination",
"pos": [
81,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C1419243",
"name": "rad52",
"pos": [
137,
142
]
} |
in vitro disassembly of the nuclear lamina and m phase-specific phosphorylation of lamins by cdc2 kinase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
64,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
93,
97
]
} |
these results lead us to propose that mitotic disassembly of the nuclear lamina results from direct phosphorylation of lamins by cdc2 kinase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
100,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
129,
133
]
} |
the oxygen evolved by these photosynthetic algae may create an extracellular oxidative stress against which the periplasmic cuznsod may defend more effectively than the cytoplasmic fesod . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242606",
"name": "oxidative stress",
"pos": [
77,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C1420306",
"name": "cuznsod",
"pos": [
124,
131
]
} |
we compared the dna binding properties of the b-myb and c-myb proteins ( b-myb and c-myb ) using bacterially synthesized b-myb and c-myb in dnase i footprinting . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna binding",
"pos": [
16,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0812291",
"name": "b-myb",
"pos": [
121,
126
]
} |
since gprs are involved in diverse biological processes such as signal transduction , cell proliferation , and differentiation , the characterization of human edg-1 as a highly inducible and abundant endothelial cell gpr suggest that it may be involved in the processes that regulate the differentiation of endothelial cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0037083",
"name": "signal transduction",
"pos": [
64,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C1414253",
"name": "edg-1",
"pos": [
159,
164
]
} |
purification and characterization from bovine brain cytosol of a novel regulatory protein inhibiting the dissociation of gdp from and the subsequent binding of gtp to rhob p20 , a ras p21-like gtp-binding protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1149035",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
149,
156
]
} | {
"id": "C0812235",
"name": "rhob",
"pos": [
167,
171
]
} |
the gal4-v-myb fusion protein can also activate transcription whereas no transactivation by gal4-c-myb is observed , indicating that a carboxyterminal domain of c-myb which is absent from v-myb apparently negatively regulates transcriptional activation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
48,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0026900",
"name": "v-myb",
"pos": [
188,
193
]
} |
expression of the mutant ri gene is also associated with a decrease in expression of the multidrug resistance associated p-glycoprotein ( gp170 ) mrna and protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug",
"pos": [
89,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "gp170",
"pos": [
138,
143
]
} |
these results indicate that the c-terminal half of reca protein participates in dna binding and intersubunits interaction of reca protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
80,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
125,
129
]
} |
although it is known that cardiac muscle contraction is regulated by a transient increase in intracellular calcium ( [ ca2+ ] i ) triggered by the action potential , the contribution of the na-ca exchanger to the [ ca2+ ] i transient and to calcium extrusion during rest is unclear . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516294",
"name": "cardiac muscle contraction",
"pos": [
26,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C1420229",
"name": "na-ca exchanger",
"pos": [
190,
205
]
} |
we have shown that the transcriptional activity of the protooncogene jun ( c-jun ) promoter is repressed by a transcription factor , the camp response element-binding protein ( creb ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
23,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0162508",
"name": "c-jun",
"pos": [
75,
80
]
} |
while these results are suggestive of p-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance , northern analysis revealed no detectable expression of the mdr 1/gene in cem/mtx r3 cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
62,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C1704939",
"name": "mdr 1/gene",
"pos": [
144,
154
]
} |
we find that double-strand breaks occur at two specific sites associated with the hot spot and that occurrence of these breaks depends upon meiotic recombination functions rad50 and spo11 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155792",
"name": "meiotic recombination",
"pos": [
140,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C1419239",
"name": "rad50",
"pos": [
172,
177
]
} |
we find that double-strand breaks occur at two specific sites associated with the hot spot and that occurrence of these breaks depends upon meiotic recombination functions rad50 and spo11 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155792",
"name": "meiotic recombination",
"pos": [
140,
161
]
} | {
"id": "C1335860",
"name": "spo11",
"pos": [
182,
187
]
} |
these observations indicated that replication of the entire irradiated genome was probably not required for rec-dependent repair of x-irradiated cells , although it might be required for rec-dependent repair of uv-irradiated cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
34,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
187,
190
]
} |
sos induction by the arrest of minif replication required the minif lyna+ locus in cis , the host reca+ and lexa+ genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1511691",
"name": "induction",
"pos": [
4,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
98,
102
]
} |
one protein ( repa1 ) is required for replication and another ( repa2 ) serves as the repressor for the regulated rightward promoter . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
38,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C1419619",
"name": "repa2",
"pos": [
64,
69
]
} |
addition of cardiolipin or diacylglycerol to dispersions of phosphatidylcholine greatly increased hydrolysis by snake venom or pancreatic phospholipase a2 , as well as by a microbial phospholipase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
98,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C1418617",
"name": "pancreatic phospholipase a2",
"pos": [
127,
154
]
} |
we have now demonstrated the effect of phosphorylation by protein kinase c on the smooth muscle myosin molecule . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
39,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C1334539",
"name": "kinase",
"pos": [
66,
72
]
} |
b. endodontalis could be differentiated from b. asaccharolyticus by the absence of alpha-fucosidase , its inability to grow in an atmosphere of 95 % n2-5 % h2 , and a growth requirement for menadione . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
25,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0919509",
"name": "h2",
"pos": [
156,
158
]
} |
t cell activation via cd2 [ t , gp50 ] molecules : accessory cells are required to trigger t cell activation via cd2-d66 plus cd2-9.6/t11 ( 1 ) epitopes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
0,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
126,
129
]
} |
thus , t cell activation via cd2 seems to be produced by `` '' touching '' '' several definite regions of this molecule which trigger a cascade of events similar to those produced by mitogenic lectins . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
7,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
29,
32
]
} |
we conclude that the ligand binding site of the ddt1 mf-2 cell alpha 1-adrenergic receptor resides in a mr = 81 000 protein . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
21,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C1417249",
"name": "mr",
"pos": [
104,
106
]
} |
an antibody to the calcium binding protein , calbindin d28k ( cabp ) , was used to study the number and size of cabp-immunoreactive neurones in the nucleus basalis of meynert ( nbm ) of postmortem human brains from neurologically normal controls and from patients with neuropathologically diagnosed alzheimer-type dementia ( atd ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1516144",
"name": "calcium binding",
"pos": [
19,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C1419788",
"name": "cabp",
"pos": [
112,
116
]
} |
a 3-mc-type of cytochrome p-450 appears to be primarily responsible for the oxidation of b f q by control brown bullhead liver microsomes , whereas a phenobarbital-inducible type of cytochrome p-450 seems to be involved in the metabolism of b f q by control rat liver microsomes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0030011",
"name": "oxidation",
"pos": [
76,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C1382176",
"name": "phenobarbital-inducible",
"pos": [
150,
173
]
} |
in this study , cyanide ion levels were measured by a cyanide ion-specific electrode in 250 ml of six different intravenous solutions ( 5 % dextrose in water , 10 % dextrose in water , distilled water , 0.9 % sodium chloride , and lactated ringer 's solution with and without 5 % dextrose ) exposed to 300 foot candles of fluorescent light for 72 hours after sodium nitroprusside was dissolved in each solution . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
152,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
185,
200
]
} |
[ benzene generation through the thermal decomposition of mineral oils during hardening in an oil quenching bath and during spark erosion ] . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0026156",
"name": "mineral oils",
"pos": [
58,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0974788",
"name": "oil",
"pos": [
94,
97
]
} |
female oviposition was significantly higher into water from treeholes in which larvae were likely to be found than in either water from treeholes in which larvae were not commonly found or distilled water . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
49,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
189,
204
]
} |
summing up , the authors suggest , with regard to grafts , use of the following conditions of water extraction : temperature 120 degrees c , duration 60 min . proportion of the studied material in the amount of distilled water 1:10 . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
94,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled",
"pos": [
211,
220
]
} |
the easiest-to-prepare dilute solution ( iron dextran , benzyl alcohol , and sterile water for injection ) was stable for three months ; | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0005100",
"name": "benzyl alcohol",
"pos": [
56,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C1163679",
"name": "sterile water for injection",
"pos": [
77,
104
]
} |
glutaraldehyde did not fix 4 % bmv-rna , 20 % t-rna , 5 % polyadenylic acid , or 5 % adenosine monophosphate into water-insoluble precipitates , or gels , in distilled water or in low or high ionic strength buffers nor did it change their ultraviolet ( uv ) spectra . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
114,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled",
"pos": [
158,
167
]
} |
sections are brought to water , stained in delafield 's alum hematoxylin for 10 minutes , washed in tap water for 10 minutes , counterstained in 1 % procion brillant orange m-gs for 15 minutes and washed in distilled water for 10 minutes . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
24,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
207,
222
]
} |
glucose-electrolyte-solutions may initially increase the number of bowel movements and antidiarrheal agents tend to prolong illness in dysenteric patients . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0308944",
"name": "electrolyte-solutions",
"pos": [
8,
29
]
} |
it would seem that the patient abused methamphetamine hydrochloride by intravenous injection after dissolving it in city water or distilled water . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
121,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
130,
145
]
} |
among subjects who did not supplement their diets with vitamin b12 or multiple vitamin tablets , 92 % of the vegans ( total vegetarians ) , 64 % of the lactovegetarians , 47 % of the lacto-ovovegetarians and 20 % of the semivegetarians had serum vitamin b12 levels less than 200 pg/ml ( normal = 200-900 pg/ml ) . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0042845",
"name": "vitamin b12",
"pos": [
55,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0978787",
"name": "multiple vitamin",
"pos": [
70,
86
]
} |
spectrographic analysis revealed the presence of 10 ( -7 ) m cu ( ++ ) in the distilled water , and cu ( ++ ) added to redistilled water serving as the plating diluent reproduced the metabolic injury effects induced by distilled water . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
88,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
219,
234
]
} |
a highly active form of wheat germ agglutinin ( wga ) was isolated by affinity chromatography on a partially acid hydrolyzed chitin column after extraction of the wheat germ with 0.5 m formic acid and removal of the denatured or water insoluble wga by dialyzing against distilled water before and after affinity chromatography . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
229,
234
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
270,
285
]
} |
bentonite-water dispersions , prepared with 82.7 % distilled water and 17.3 % dry bentonite powder by weight , were shaped into standardized models . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
10,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled",
"pos": [
51,
60
]
} |
the total , extractable , and water-soluble metal contents were determined using mixed acid , 1 m nh4oac ( ph 7.0 ) , and distilled water as extractants . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
30,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled",
"pos": [
122,
131
]
} |
using a computer to calculate the amounts of amino acid , dextrose , and electrolyte solutions can greatly reduce pharmacy response time and insure accuracy in filling the physician 's order . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "dextrose",
"pos": [
58,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0308944",
"name": "electrolyte solutions",
"pos": [
73,
94
]
} |
from day 14 through 22 postimplant , mice were fed by continuous intravenous infusion of dextrose/amino acid ( tpn ) , were offered the same solution from a feeding bottle ( po ) , were offered a casein-based , solid diet ( casein ) , or were infused with an electrolyte ( elect ) solution while energy and nitrogen were provided from the casein diet . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "dextrose",
"pos": [
89,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0308944",
"name": "electrolyte",
"pos": [
259,
270
]
} |
controversy continues regarding the ideal composition of glucose/electrolyte solutions used for oral rehydration of infants and children with acute diarrhea . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
57,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0308944",
"name": "electrolyte",
"pos": [
65,
76
]
} |
junction potentials at the tip of a 0.15 m nacl- and a 3 m kcl-flowing bridge dependent on the surrounding electrolyte solution were measured and calculated . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0037494",
"name": "nacl",
"pos": [
43,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0308944",
"name": "electrolyte solution",
"pos": [
107,
127
]
} |
the strategy of providing domicilary glucose electrolyte solutions needs to be carefully assessed in those communities with local clinics . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
37,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0308944",
"name": "electrolyte solutions",
"pos": [
45,
66
]
} |
paraffin sections are brought to water , mordanted for 1 hr in bouin 's fixative previously heated to 56 c , cooled while still in bouin 's , rinsed in tap water until sections are colorless , rinsed in distilled water , treated with 5 % aqueous tannic acid 5-20 min , rinsed in distilled water 30 sec or less , treated with 1 % aqueous phosphomolybdic acid 10-15 min , rinsed 30 sec in distilled water , rinsed in methanol , stained 1 hr in a saturated solution of amido black or phloxine b in 9:1 methanol : acetic acid , rinsed in 9:1 methanol : acetic acid , dehydrated , cleared and mounted . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
33,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
387,
402
]
} |
in duplicate studies each dog 's peritoneal catheter was rapidly infused with 1 liter of fluid containing 1.25 % glucose , 5 % fat emulsion , 2.5 % mixed amino acids , and 20 ml of standard electrolyte additive solution . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0017725",
"name": "glucose",
"pos": [
113,
120
]
} | {
"id": "C0308944",
"name": "electrolyte",
"pos": [
190,
201
]
} |
shelflife predictions of vitamin a stability in multivitamin tablets were calculated based on data obtained from the analyses of six multivitamin tablet preparations by the classical arrhenius treatment . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0042839",
"name": "vitamin a",
"pos": [
25,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0978787",
"name": "multivitamin tablets",
"pos": [
48,
68
]
} |
nitrate and nitrite were extracted from the toothpaste using distilled water and separated from other water-soluble excipients by two rp-8 columns ( 250 mm x 4 mm i.d . ) using a mobile phase containing 0.2 % ( w/v ) sodium acetate and 2.5 % ( v/v ) glacial acetic acid in distilled water . | product_component_of | {
"id": "C0043047",
"name": "water",
"pos": [
71,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0790233",
"name": "distilled water",
"pos": [
273,
288
]
} |
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