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a description is given of the electron microscopic-morphometric findings obtained for the islets of langerhans of the pancreas and for the glucagon-producing a cells of one patient suffering from longstanding insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( iddm , type i diabetes ) , two patients with longstanding insulin-independent diabetes mellitus ( niddm , type ii diabetes ) , and one non-diabetic . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islets of langerhans",
"pos": [
90,
110
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
305,
312
]
} |
the effects of hemithyroidectomy ( hemitx ) and complete thyroidectomy ( tx ) on the cellular composition and the mitotic activity of the anterior pituitary gland were examined in genetically thyrotropin ( tsh ) -deficient female snell dwarf mice ( dw/dw ) and in phenotypically normal female mice ( ? /+ ) from the same strain . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0032008",
"name": "anterior pituitary gland",
"pos": [
138,
162
]
} | {
"id": "C0040160",
"name": "thyrotropin",
"pos": [
192,
203
]
} |
the distribution of four basement membrane components , type iv collagen ( c iv ) , laminin ( lm ) , heparan sulfate proteoglycan ( hsp ) and fibronection ( fn ) has been studied by indirect immunofluorescence using specific antibodies , in benign and malignant proliferations of the mammary gland and in soft tissue tumors . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
25,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
56,
72
]
} |
from these results , we concluded : ( a ) that isolation and incubation of the thyroid lysosomal fraction induce increased permeability of lysosomes prior to their complete disruption : ( b ) that recently formed lysosomes ( high content of recently iodinated tg ) and aged lysosomes ( low content of recently iodinated tg ) differ significantly . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
79,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
320,
322
]
} |
none of the seven who underwent external manual palpation of the thyroid gland had elevation of serum tg . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid gland",
"pos": [
65,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
102,
104
]
} |
based on these data , it is inferred that lymphocytes that regulate lymphokine production ( ts cells ) within the granuloma may be triggered via their histamine receptors to exert suppressive activity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
42,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
68,
78
]
} |
patients with beta thalassaemia did not have increased nucleotide levels compared to red cells having the same mch or mcv . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "mch",
"pos": [
111,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "mch",
"pos": [
111,
114
]
} |
however , the free thyroxin index is not a true reflection of thyroid status in patients with thyroglobulin deficiency . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
62,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
94,
107
]
} |
we examined the effects of the thiol agent cysteamine ( csh ) , which is known to deplete the hypothalamus of immunoreactive somatostatin , on physiological tsh and beta- endorphin secretion in the adult male rat . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
94,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
125,
137
]
} |
a possible role of intracellular and membrane thiols of rat pancreatic islets in calcium uptake and insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
60,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
100,
107
]
} |
using single cell soret-band hemoglobinometry and focused-aperture impedance counting , we compared the distribution of red cell volume , area , hemoglobin content , and hemoglobin concentration in normals and subjects with anemic disorders . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
120,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
170,
180
]
} |
the close relationship between pancreatic insulin and islet area , shown to be an expression of islet volume , makes it possible to estimate the volume of the endocrine pancreas after standard ria of pancreatic insulin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "endocrine pancreas",
"pos": [
159,
177
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
211,
218
]
} |
it is concluded that dmx is connected to the endocrine pancreas exclusively via vagal fibers and has a role in neurally mediated insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "endocrine pancreas",
"pos": [
45,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
129,
136
]
} |
interferon-induced enhancement of macrophage fc receptor expression : beta-interferon treatment of c3h/hej macrophages results in increased numbers and density of fc receptors . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024432",
"name": "fc",
"pos": [
45,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "beta-interferon",
"pos": [
70,
85
]
} |
the present experiments were carried out to determine a ) whether t lymphocytes that bear 5936-id also express antiserum 6036-defined tcr allotypes ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
66,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
134,
137
]
} |
the results showed that 5936-id-bearing t lymphocytes were included in a subset of cells that expressed antiserum 6036-defined tcr allotypic determinants and the lyt-1+,2-,3- phenotype . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
0,
1
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
127,
130
]
} |
functional thyroid target cells , as reflected by mtg production for up to 9 d , were prepared by adding 1 mm dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and 60 microu thyroid-stimulating hormone/ml to the culture medium . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
11,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "mtg",
"pos": [
50,
53
]
} |
however , thrombasthenic platelets will aggregate with bovine and porcine von willebrand factor ( vwf ) and will show normal ristocetin-induced binding and aggregation in the presence of human vwf . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelets",
"pos": [
25,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0795677",
"name": "human vwf",
"pos": [
187,
196
]
} |
the normal erythrocyte is well endowed with a system to convert useless methemoglobin to functional hemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
11,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0025635",
"name": "methemoglobin",
"pos": [
72,
85
]
} |
the normal erythrocyte is well endowed with a system to convert useless methemoglobin to functional hemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
11,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
100,
110
]
} |
the release of 51cr from islet cells and lymphocytes was vigorously reduced after absorption of the normal rabbit serum with lymphocytes and was paralleled by a similar decrease of insulin release from intact islets under conditions where the active insulin secretion was blocked pharmacologically . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
25,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
250,
257
]
} |
it is concluded that changes of the membrane potential and/or optical density of islet cells produced by insulin secretagogues can be analysed by flow cytometry which might provide the basis for sorter experiments to separate specific subpopulations of cells of pancreatic islets . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
81,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
105,
112
]
} |
isolated pancreatic islets from male hyperglycemic c57bl/ksj-db/db mice were used to study ( pro ) insulin biosynthesis , insulin release and insulin content . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
9,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
142,
149
]
} |
this pattern of secretion is dictated by inputs of the central nervous system via secretions of the hypothalamus ( luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ; lhrh ) and anterior pituitary ( luteinizing hormone ; lh ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
100,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
155,
159
]
} |
although the histologic structure of the tumor was indistinguishable from that of most islet cell tumors of adults , immunofluorescence revealed that the four islet cell hormones ( insulin , glucagon , somatostatin , and pancreatic polypeptide ) were all present in the tumor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cell",
"pos": [
87,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
181,
188
]
} |
during this period of absorption muscle takes up amino acids , over 70 per cent being the branched-chain amino acids where they are catabolised , the nitrogen becoming available for formation of non-essential amino acids for muscle protein synthesis . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "muscle",
"pos": [
33,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "muscle protein",
"pos": [
225,
239
]
} |
an understanding of how t lymphocytes recognize antigen will require detailed knowledge of the assembly and expression of genes that encode t-cell receptors . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
24,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell receptors",
"pos": [
140,
156
]
} |
85 per cent of the bacteremia and death in which e. coli was isolated from blood or liver occurred in piglets fed diets void in bovine and porcine gamma globulin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
84,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0017007",
"name": "gamma globulin",
"pos": [
147,
161
]
} |
these results indicate that nephritogenoside is different from basement membrane glycoproteins such as laminin and fibronectin and that nephritogenoside can be isolated from type iv collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
63,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
174,
181
]
} |
because the hpg mouse is totally deficient in hypothalamic gnrh , it provides an excellent model for investigating the effects of estrogen and gnrh on prl synthesis and release in the presence of a totally inactive gonadotropin-gonadal system . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
46,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
143,
147
]
} |
the human erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase ( bpgm ) is a multifunctional enzyme which controls the metabolism of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate , the main allosteric effector of haemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
10,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
180,
191
]
} |
pomc-derived peptides have been demonstrated in many tissues , including the hypothalamus and the endocrine pancreas , which play important roles in the control of plasma levels of glucagon , insulin and glucose . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "endocrine pancreas",
"pos": [
98,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
192,
199
]
} |
three regions of known amino acid sequence of human platelet thrombospondin confirm that the clones are authentic . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
52,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
61,
75
]
} |
considerable differences in thyroid iodine content and tg iodination were observed although the availability of iodine was presumably the same . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
28,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
55,
57
]
} |
four preterms with a particularly low level of hormonogenesis were not seen to have deficient levels of thyroid iodine or tg iodination and the most compromised step was the iodine utilization in the production of hormones . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
104,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
122,
124
]
} |
islet cell and 64k autoantibodies are associated with plasma igg in newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic children . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cell",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
84,
91
]
} |
a series of steroids , primarily 4-azasteroids , were prepared and tested in vitro as inhibitors of human and rat prostatic 5 alpha-reductase and of binding of dihydrotestosterone to the rat androgen receptor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
114,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "5 alpha-reductase",
"pos": [
124,
141
]
} |
localization of binding sites for laminin , heparan sulfate proteoglycan and fibronectin on basement membrane ( type iv ) collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
92,
109
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
112,
119
]
} |
rotary shadowing electron microscopy was used to examine complexes formed by incubating combinations of the basement membrane components : type iv collagen , laminin , large heparan sulfate proteoglycan and fibronectin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
108,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
139,
155
]
} |
it is proposed that basement membrane may consist of a lattice of type iv collagen coated with laminin , heparan sulfate proteoglycan and fibronectin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
20,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
66,
82
]
} |
these results indicate that basement membrane material accumulates in the kidney cortex during aging and that an alteration takes place in the composition of the basement membranes , the proportion of type iv collagen increasing and that of laminin decreasing . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membranes",
"pos": [
162,
180
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
201,
217
]
} |
according to previous investigations this effect is mediated by postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the hypothalamus exerting a stimulatory influence on the recently discovered gh releasing factor ( grf ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
106,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "gh",
"pos": [
179,
181
]
} |
according to previous investigations this effect is mediated by postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the hypothalamus exerting a stimulatory influence on the recently discovered gh releasing factor ( grf ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
106,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
201,
204
]
} |
dispersed day-17 fetal rat hypothalamic cells have been enriched according to size by velocity sedimentation prior to culture , and the srif production by these enriched populations was compared with that of other enriched cell fractions and with mixed-cell cultures . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
27,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "srif",
"pos": [
136,
140
]
} |
frozen sections of rat hypothalami were stained by the avidin-biotin complex ( abc ) method using a specific antiserum against rat grf . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalami",
"pos": [
23,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
131,
134
]
} |
addition of either epidermal growth factor ( egf ) or purified human platelet ts to quiescent rat vascular smc did not substantially stimulate mitogenesis ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
69,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "ts",
"pos": [
78,
80
]
} |
the distribution of crf within and beyond the hypothalamus provides an anatomical context for the observation that crf can simultaneously activate and coordinate metabolic , circulatory and behavioral responses that are adaptative in 'stressful ' situations . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
46,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crf",
"pos": [
115,
118
]
} |
during cellular immune responses sensitized lymphocytes release a number of mediators collectively known as 'lymphokines ' . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
44,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokines",
"pos": [
109,
120
]
} |
using gel filtration column chromatography of hemolysates from patients receiving csa orally , the majority of erythrocyte-associated csa eluted as a single peak with mr 15,000-17,000 , distinct from hemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
111,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
200,
210
]
} |
insulin , igf1 , alpha 1 adrenergic , and tsh receptors have been linked to a synergistic cascade response system of the thyroid involving growth , thyroglobulin biosynthesis , iodination of thyroglobulin , and thyroid hormone formation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
121,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
191,
204
]
} |
there was no significant difference ( p greater than 0.05 ) between the mean haematocrit , mean epp and mean epp : hb ratio of the mildly anaemic and control groups , but corresponding values for the severely anaemic group differed significantly ( p less than 0.001 ) from the values for the others . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "epp",
"pos": [
96,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
115,
117
]
} |
the increase in epp was correlated with the decrease in hb concentration ( r = -0.8263 , p less than 0.001 ) , suggesting that iron deficiency was a major cause of severe anaemia . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "epp",
"pos": [
16,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
56,
58
]
} |
epp alone or in combination with hb is effective in identifying anaemic individuals , while hb alone tends to over-estimate the occurrence of iron deficiency anaemia . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "epp",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
92,
94
]
} |
in order to investigate an effective administration method for ok-432 , a potent biological response modifier ( brm ) , in patients with cervical cancer , preoperative local administration was conducted and the following results obtained : immunohistochemical examination using monoclonal antibodies indicated that the group given local injection of ok-432 showed a marked increase in ia antigen-positive t4 cells , ia antigen-positive macrophages and nk cells in the tissue of the area surrounding the cervical cancer and in regional lymph nodes compared with the non-injection group . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "t4 cells",
"pos": [
405,
413
]
} | {
"id": "C0019630",
"name": "ia antigen",
"pos": [
416,
426
]
} |
the inhibition of nucleotide synthesis and incorporation of the isotope into them did not apply to imp , whose content -- following erythrocyte incubation in appd medium -- increased 3.5 times , i.e . from 1.52 to 5.30 mumole/g hb . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
132,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
228,
230
]
} |
erythrocyte incubation in appd medium reduced itp synthesis by about 53 % relative to its synthesis observed after erythrocyte incubation in app medium equal to 1.40 mumole per g hb . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
179,
181
]
} |
indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that smooth-muscle cells surround themselves with an incomplete basement membrane , containing laminin and type-iv collagen , and thin fibrils of type-i collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
135,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type-iv collagen",
"pos": [
178,
194
]
} |
immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate the distribution of basement membrane laminin and type iv collagen in eight tumors derived from striated muscle ( three botryoid , two alveolar , and two adult-type rhabdomyosarcomas ; one benign vaginal rhabdomyoma ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
73,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
103,
119
]
} |
different stages of cellular development were identified in the botryoid sarcomas , with the most immature cells of the cambium layer devoid of external basement membrane around the tumor cells , although the stroma contained finely dispersed basement membrane material and some cells contained intracytoplasmic laminin or type iv collagen , indicative of the synthesis of these proteins . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
153,
170
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
323,
339
]
} |
human t lymphocytes expressing a defined t-cell antigen receptor family specifically kill the hybridoma that makes the anti-receptor monoclonal antibody . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
6,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell antigen receptor",
"pos": [
41,
64
]
} |
human t lymphocytes expressing a family of t-cell antigen receptors defined by a particular monoclonal antibody can be induced to grow with the mab and recombinant il-2 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
6,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell antigen receptors",
"pos": [
43,
67
]
} |
anti-class ii and anti-t3 , but not anti-class i monoclonal antibodies , inhibited activation of 5-azac treated t4+ cells by macrophages , implying that the t3-ti receptor complex may be recognizing class ii mhc molecules without antigen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "t4",
"pos": [
112,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0019630",
"name": "class ii mhc",
"pos": [
199,
211
]
} |
a computed program analysis based on the combination of different independent variables ( x ) including age , thyroid size and nodularity , serum tsh , log-tg and ft3 , indicated the existence of a significant negative relationship between these variables and the tsh response to trh ( r = 0.75 , p = 0 ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
110,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
156,
158
]
} |
corticotropin-releasing hormone ( crh ) levels in the human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) , and those in the rat hypothalamus , peripheral and hypophyseal portal plasma were studied by a specific h/r crh ria and an immunoaffinity procedure . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
122,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crh",
"pos": [
209,
212
]
} |
the results suggest that the major component of plasma crh may be of hypothalamic origin , but other extrahypothalamic tissues can not be ruled out as minor sources of plasma crh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
69,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crh",
"pos": [
175,
178
]
} |
we have used a gel retardation assay to follow the purification of a calf thyroid nuclear protein that binds to the -70 region of the rat thyroglobulin promoter . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
74,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
138,
151
]
} |
in laboratory tests , a decrease of rbc , hb and ht in 1 case , a decrease of wbc in 1 case and an elevation of gpt in another case were observed . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
36,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
42,
44
]
} |
all the red blood cell parameters , namely , haemoglobin , packed cell volume and red cell counts were raised significantly in hypoxic birds compared with control material and the results closely resembled the haematological profile of young broilers with an ascitic syndrome . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red blood cell",
"pos": [
8,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
45,
56
]
} |
platelet von willebrand factor antigen ( vwf : ag ) was undetectable and levels of platelet fibrinogen , beta-thromboglobulin , platelet factor 4 and thrombospondin were reduced . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
150,
164
]
} |
to understand molecular mechanisms of clonal expansion of lymphocytes we have isolated cdna clones for two lymphokines , interleukins ( il ) 4 and 5 that induce proliferation and maturation of b-lymphocytes . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
58,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokines",
"pos": [
107,
118
]
} |
rather they activate the potential for motility of lymphocytes and also cause release of lymphokines which are the direct stimulants for locomotion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
51,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokines",
"pos": [
89,
100
]
} |
the proportion of islet cells having iapp immunoreactivity exceeded 10 % in only 1 of the 5 remaining diabetic patients while in all 13 patients substantially more than 10 % of the islet cells contained immunoreactive insulin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
18,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
218,
225
]
} |
these observations document a defect in hypothalamic somatostatin release in experimentally induced insulinopoenic diabetes , which is not apparent in the db/db mouse , suggesting that glucose per se is not responsible . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
40,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
53,
65
]
} |
rather than the anticipated increase in hypothalamic somatostatin release in insulinopoenic diabetes , a reduction in release was observed . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
40,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
53,
65
]
} |
these observations are compatible with the hypothesis that increased hypothalamic somatostatin release is not responsible for abnormal growth hormone secretion in this model . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
69,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
82,
94
]
} |
in both the autologous and allogenic mlr , the monocyte was responsible for inducing proliferation : low concentrations of purified monocytes ( greater than 95 % pure ) induced strong proliferative responses , while monocyte-depleted pbm ( less than 0.2 % monocytes ) were unable to induce proliferation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026473",
"name": "monocyte",
"pos": [
47,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0108768",
"name": "2",
"pos": [
252,
253
]
} |
spleen natural killer cell activity in mice implanted with allogeneic fibroblast-like tumour cells following in vivo exposure to beta-interferon , interleukin-1 or indomethacin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
70,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "beta-interferon",
"pos": [
129,
144
]
} |
following attachment to the basement membrane , the tumor cell next secretes proteases which may degrade type iv collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement",
"pos": [
28,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
105,
112
]
} |
we conclude that while bromocriptine reduces serum androgen levels and increases menstrual frequency it has no effect centrally to modify hypothalamic gnrh secretion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
138,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
151,
155
]
} |
in islet b cells cultured in a medium with 16.7 mm glucose , insulin biosynthesis induced by 16.7 mm glucose was enhanced by 158 % when cultured in basal medium without glucose . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet",
"pos": [
3,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
61,
68
]
} |
the ir-trh release from the rat hypothalamus was inhibited significantly in a dose-related manner with the addition of grh or crh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
32,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "grh",
"pos": [
119,
122
]
} |
the ir-trh release from the rat hypothalamus was inhibited significantly in a dose-related manner with the addition of grh or crh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
32,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crh",
"pos": [
126,
129
]
} |
epithelial cells , secreting a heterogeneous mucin , could be taken as a signal of abnormal cellular differentiation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014597",
"name": "epithelial cells",
"pos": [
0,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0026682",
"name": "mucin",
"pos": [
45,
50
]
} |
seven patients with primary or secondary hypogonadotropic amenorrhea and hypothalamic deficits were given lhrh intravenously by a pulsatile pump ( zyklomat-ferring ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
73,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
106,
110
]
} |
at onset of puberty , the hypothalamus resumes a marked pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone , leading to an increased secretion of pituitary gonadotropins which in turn stimulate the gonadal functions , i.e . the secretion of testosterone or estradiol and maturation of the spermatogenesis or the ovarian follicle . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
26,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gonadotropin-releasing",
"pos": [
79,
101
]
} |
this appears to be a consequence of a reduction of hypothalamic gn-rh secretion which is reflected by a diminished frequency and amplitude of lh pulses during the 24-hour span . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
51,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gn-rh",
"pos": [
64,
69
]
} |
the coupling of metabolic to secretory events in pancreatic islets : comparison between insulin release and cytosolic redox state . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
49,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
88,
95
]
} |
[ studies on the hypothalamus-hypophyseal corticoliberin system . iii . effect of long-term administration of corticoliberin on serum levels of acth , tsh and thyroxine in male rats ] . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
17,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticoliberin",
"pos": [
110,
124
]
} |
human prostatic 5 alpha-reductase follows an ordered sequential mechanism in which nadph binds first followed by testosterone . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
6,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "5 alpha-reductase",
"pos": [
16,
33
]
} |
the apparent km of prostatic 5 alpha-reductase for testosterone is 0.0339 +/- 0.006 microm , while the apparent km for nadph is 2.52 +/- 0.65 microm . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
19,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "5",
"pos": [
140,
141
]
} |
the fact that both the liver and prostatic 5 alpha-reductases have a sequential kinetic mechanism rules out the possibility that the reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone involves an electron transport system as previously proposed . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
33,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "5 alpha-reductases",
"pos": [
43,
61
]
} |
comparison of htg secretion by autologous normal and abnormal cells showed that in six of eight pairs , the normal thyroid cells had a greater output of htg than the benign adenoma cells in contrast to our previous studies using non-autologous cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
115,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "htg",
"pos": [
153,
156
]
} |
characterization studies of the secreted htg showed no difference between normal , benign and malignant thyroid cell htg with reference to molecular weight . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
104,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "htg",
"pos": [
117,
120
]
} |
these data demonstrate the wide variability in the htg secretory capacity of human thyroid cell monolayers and indicate , when compared to autologous normal cells , that abnormal human thyroid epithelial cells may be relatively deficient in their ability to secrete htg in vitro . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
83,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "htg",
"pos": [
266,
269
]
} |
gh feedback occurs through modulation of hypothalamic somatostatin under cholinergic control : studies with pyridostigmine and ghrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
41,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
54,
66
]
} |
gh feedback occurs through modulation of hypothalamic somatostatin under cholinergic control : studies with pyridostigmine and ghrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
41,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "ghrh",
"pos": [
127,
131
]
} |
the erythrocytic alterations are undoubtedly due to the splenectomy which was performed during a staging procedure , but the marked difference between donor and recipient haemoglobin values can not be attributed solely to the asplenic state . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocytic",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
171,
182
]
} |
second , the hypothesis that increased central ( hypothalamic ) opiate inhibition may have been responsible for the suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) was tested by observing the effect of a four-hour naloxone infusion ( 1.4 mg/hour ) on serum gonadotropin levels . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
49,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gonadotropin-releasing hormone",
"pos": [
131,
161
]
} |
the absence of fn receptors from keratinocytes in unwounded skin is not surprising since the basal keratinocytes of the epidermis are attached to a basement membrane containing laminin and type iv collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement",
"pos": [
148,
156
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
189,
205
]
} |
[ immunohistochemical study on leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with special reference to detection of basement membrane by staining of laminin and type iv collagen ] . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
129,
146
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
174,
190
]
} |
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