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transformations into the aerial or the fiery element.
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What is the investigation into the truth in this matter? The division
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into that which is material and that which is the cause of form, the
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formal.
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Do not be whirled about, but in every movement have respect to justice,
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and on the occasion of every impression maintain the faculty of comprehension
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or understanding.
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Everything harmonizes with me, which is harmonious to thee, O Universe.
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Nothing for me is too early nor too late, which is in due time for
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thee. Everything is fruit to me which thy seasons bring, O Nature:
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from thee are all things, in thee are all things, to thee all things
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return. The poet says, Dear city of Cecrops; and wilt not thou say,
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Dear city of Zeus?
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Occupy thyself with few things, says the philosopher, if thou wouldst
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be tranquil.- But consider if it would not be better to say, Do what
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is necessary, and whatever the reason of the animal which is naturally
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social requires, and as it requires. For this brings not only the
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tranquility which comes from doing well, but also that which comes
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from doing few things. For the greatest part of what we say and do
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being unnecessary, if a man takes this away, he will have more leisure
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and less uneasiness. Accordingly on every occasion a man should ask
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himself, Is this one of the unnecessary things? Now a man should take
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away not only unnecessary acts, but also, unnecessary thoughts, for
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thus superfluous acts will not follow after.
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Try how the life of the good man suits thee, the life of him who is
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satisfied with his portion out of the whole, and satisfied with his
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own just acts and benevolent disposition.
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Hast thou seen those things? Look also at these. Do not disturb thyself.
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Make thyself all simplicity. Does any one do wrong? It is to himself
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that he does the wrong. Has anything happened to thee? Well; out of
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the universe from the beginning everything which happens has been
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apportioned and spun out to thee. In a word, thy life is short. Thou
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must turn to profit the present by the aid of reason and justice.
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Be sober in thy relaxation.
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Either it is a well-arranged universe or a chaos huddled together,
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but still a universe. But can a certain order subsist in thee, and
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disorder in the All? And this too when all things are so separated
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and diffused and sympathetic.
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A black character, a womanish character, a stubborn character, bestial,
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childish, animal, stupid, counterfeit, scurrilous, fraudulent, tyrannical.
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If he is a stranger to the universe who does not know what is in it,
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no less is he a stranger who does not know what is going on in it.
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He is a runaway, who flies from social reason; he is blind, who shuts
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the eyes of the understanding; he is poor, who has need of another,
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and has not from himself all things which are useful for life. He
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is an abscess on the universe who withdraws and separates himself
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from the reason of our common nature through being displeased with
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the things which happen, for the same nature produces this, and has
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produced thee too: he is a piece rent asunder from the state, who
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tears his own soul from that of reasonable animals, which is one.
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The one is a philosopher without a tunic, and the other without a
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book: here is another half naked: Bread I have not, he says, and I
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abide by reason.- And I do not get the means of living out of my learning,
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and I abide by my reason.
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Love the art, poor as it may be, which thou hast learned, and be content
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with it; and pass through the rest of life like one who has intrusted
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to the gods with his whole soul all that he has, making thyself neither
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the tyrant nor the slave of any man.
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Consider, for example, the times of Vespasian. Thou wilt see all these
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things, people marrying, bringing up children, sick, dying, warring,
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feasting, trafficking, cultivating the ground, flattering, obstinately
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arrogant, suspecting, plotting, wishing for some to die, grumbling
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about the present, loving, heaping up treasure, desiring counsulship,
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kingly power. Well then, that life of these people no longer exists
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at all. Again, remove to the times of Trajan. Again, all is the same.
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Their life too is gone. In like manner view also the other epochs
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of time and of whole nations, and see how many after great efforts
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soon fell and were resolved into the elements. But chiefly thou shouldst
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think of those whom thou hast thyself known distracting themselves
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about idle things, neglecting to do what was in accordance with their
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proper constitution, and to hold firmly to this and to be content
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with it. And herein it is necessary to remember that the attention
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given to everything has its proper value and proportion. For thus
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thou wilt not be dissatisfied, if thou appliest thyself to smaller
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matters no further than is fit.
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The words which were formerly familiar are now antiquated: so also
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the names of those who were famed of old, are now in a manner antiquated,
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Camillus, Caeso, Volesus, Leonnatus, and a little after also Scipio
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and Cato, then Augustus, then also Hadrian and Antoninus. For all
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things soon pass away and become a mere tale, and complete oblivion
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soon buries them. And I say this of those who have shone in a wondrous
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way. For the rest, as soon as they have breathed out their breath,
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they are gone, and no man speaks of them. And, to conclude the matter,
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what is even an eternal remembrance? A mere nothing. What then is
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that about which we ought to employ our serious pains? This one thing,
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thoughts just, and acts social, and words which never lie, and a disposition
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which gladly accepts all that happens, as necessary, as usual, as
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