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A one-page Assessment Instrument used in assessing individuals exhibiting early and imminent warning signs through the Risk/Threat Assessment Teams and used in the PDS and Assessing Dangerousness trainings.
The instrument is based on International Level research on Assessing Dangerous by the Department of Education, Office of Juvenile Justice, the FBI, the Secret Service and others. It is an exciting breakthrough for schools and workplaces desiring to follow the Columbine Review Commission Report and other International Reports on developing Risk/Threat Assessment Teams
- The Instrument scores students in four areas Social Characteristics, Academic Characteristics, Violent Characteristics, and Weapons Characteristics. The score can be utilized to determine if they pose a Low, Medium or High Risk to themselves or the organization.
This instrument is copy written. Although, organizations with individuals who have been through Keys' Certification Training:
- Assessing the Potentially Dangerous Student Training and
- Assessing Dangerousness in Adults Training
are given limited permission to copy the Instrument at no-cost.
Included in the:
Packets: $100-100 $60-50 $40-25 Tool is FREE with above trainings | <urn:uuid:0c024bb7-30c1-4880-89d4-508a8f8d425e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://keystosaferschools.net/Assessment-Instrument-Tool.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.886908 | 238 | 2.28125 | 2 |
The Shopping Center Safety Audit Checklist intends to recognize potential crime internet sites in departmental stores therefore that mall direction may develop a safety plan to safeguard the overall health and safety of both employees and shoppers.
Departmental stores or mall may use the listing template to help pin point certain stores or are as of those places that would possibly be vulnerable to offense.
This consists of parking lots, the rear of this mall and areas that might be less inhabited or less well lit.
Finding the opportunity to track those details with the mall basic safety variant makes it effortless to ascertain where additional safety precautions have to get set in to place.
The walk through audit variant may help protect mall land, while also keeping customers and employees safe.
Safety audit give the chance for the city to have a say of that which leads to their own feelings of safety within their neighbourhood and consequently promotes better utilization of community space.
Size: 79 KB | <urn:uuid:98e02e81-5dca-4f7c-8171-e6f0a64e7617> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geneevarojr.com/shopping-center-safety-audit-checklist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.963918 | 191 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Mono-cable logging system with intermediate tension control : computer simulation
Turk, Albert Vincent
MetadataShow full item record
A cooperative research project with the USDA-Forest Service has shown the need for a mono-cable logging system with intermediate tension control as an alternative to road construction in the logging area. Intermediate control sheaves will be required to maintain optimum tension throughout long distances and large elevation changes. Preliminary designs have shown the need to model the system to demonstrate the system's feasability. A series of FORTRAN programs were written to simulate this system, building first upon single span solutions, with the eventual program including the capability of simulating the changes in tension of a system of up to 100 connected spans with as many as 200 loads traversing the system. The individual sheaves along the system path can be modeled as either control or idler sheaves. The solution of the necessary equations required the use of iterative solutions. Comparison was made of the Newton-Raphson method and Brown's method for the solution of a set of two non-linear equations with two unknowns. The model satisfies the simulation needs of the system. It allows the monitoring of tension, differential tension across sheaves, and changes in cable length required within each span. The program showed the feasibility of the system and gives direction for future modifications of the model to more closely simulate the actual situation. The program will provide a solid foundation for current and future work in this area and shows a valid procedure for future modeling. | <urn:uuid:b67e51de-7b68-4f50-901c-fad98e62cf38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/6453 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.915164 | 313 | 2.203125 | 2 |
After numerous temperature records were smashed across the South in late March, another building high pressure area will usher in well above-average temperatures across the region once again this week.
New Orleans experienced a seven-day streak of record-high temperatures from the 23rd to the 29th of March, with record-challenging temperatures continuing on the 30th and 31st.
The last time the Big Easy experienced an afternoon high temperature below average was nearly a month ago on March 7th, so to say it has been a warm start to spring may be a bit of an understatement.
On Tuesday, the high in New Orleans was 88 degrees Fahrenheit, which broke the date's record of 86 set in 1986. Daily record highs were also broken or tied in Tulsa and McAlester, Oklahoma; Fayetteville, Arkansas; and Condordia, Kansas, on Tuesday as temperatures soared into the 80s and 90s.
The forecast at midweek will continue the trend of record-breaking temperatures.
Surging warmth on Wednesday will also provide fuel for severe thunderstorms across the Tennessee Valley on Wednesday.
The showers and thunderstorms across the South are not expected to deter temperatures from climbing into record territory for some.
Shreveport, Louisiana, Little Rock, Arkansas, and Raleigh, North Carolina, are expected to climb into the middle 80s to near 90 F, while portions of Florida inland from the coast could climb into the lower 90s.
The persistent heat and humidity that has been in place across the South also has the Gulf of Mexico heating up as well. Sea-surface temperatures are currently well above average, with portions of the central and southern Gulf already experiencing water temperatures above 80 degrees.
Many intercoastal waterways across Florida are also reporting water temperatures above 80 degrees already.
This could become a concern as we head into hurricane season, as AccuWeather meteorologists are predicting a rather busy season this year. Typically, hurricane season spans from June through October.
Although the tropics are beginning to heat up, there are no storm systems that are expected to brew across the western Atlantic anytime in the near future.
Back on land, many of the usual activities people resort to in order to beat the heat have been altered or canceled as COVID-19 concerns continue to envelope the country.
With many area beaches, especially across the state of Florida being closed, air conditioning units will be forced to work overtime as people remain at home. This will likely tack on additional costs to electric bills and add additional stressors to personal finances.
The heat and humidity can also put an additional strain on medical staff working in COVID-19 triage tents, which are popping up at an increased pace across the South.
People keeping their social distance by spending time outdoors will want to make sure they stay properly hydrated and protected from the sun by wearing hats, sunglasses and sunscreen. If you must work outside, taking frequent breaks in the shade and drinking plenty of water or electrolyte beverages will greatly lower the risk of heat-related illnesses.
Remember to never leave children or pets in a sealed vehicle for any length of time. The temperature inside the vehicle can rise to lethal levels in a matter of minutes, even during the early spring months.
Relief from the heat will arrive across the South in the form of a cold front that will sweep across much of the nation into late week.
It is possible that as the cold front tracks southward, it could interact with a storm system tracking through the Southwest. While any adverse weather from this potential storm would likely hold off until the weekend, it could pose a threat for severe weather if ingredients come together correctly.
Of course, AccuWeather meteorologists will continue to monitor and provide the latest forecast updates in the days to come.
Keep checking back on AccuWeather.com and stay tuned to the AccuWeather Network on DirecTV, Frontier and Verizon Fios. | <urn:uuid:092dc67d-96f8-413e-83c2-c6d8653097f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yahoo.com/news/summerlike-heat-bring-return-record-082401272.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.959952 | 801 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Influence of SiC composition with different particle size on mechanical properties and microstructure of reaction-bonded SiC have been investigated using infiltration process of liquid Si. SiC specimens were prepared by reaction-bonding sintering at 1620°C in vacuum using different SiCC composition. Reaction-bonded SiC specimens show dense with 3.03.05 gr/cm3 of density. SiC specimens with bi-modal SiC composition show a fine microstructure than those of uni-modal SiC composition. In addition, in the specimens with bi-modal SiC composition, the microstructure of the sample with use of fine SiC starting powders is finer rather than those of use of relatively coarse SiC starting powders. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of specimens with bi-modal SiC composition are higher than those of uni-modal SiC composition. The main fracture mode of specimens with a high strength is intergranular fracture.
!!!All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- 化学 (全般) | <urn:uuid:297c48db-f03f-47fe-a463-7fe6e358f77e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/influence-of-uni-and-bi-modal-sic-composition-on-mechanical-prope | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.846483 | 288 | 2.328125 | 2 |
GPS tracker watches in schools: Introduction
Should GPS tracker watches in schools be allowed?
Nothing can be more terrifying and induce panic than to loose your child in a mall, in a crowd or even on a family outing. It is a natural part of most parents to worry about the safety of their children. One of the questions, in an unsafe country like South Africa, which is at the order of the day, is whether allowing GPS tracker watches in schools could be the answer to your child’s protection and safety. GPS means global positioning satellite and a chip is used in a variety of GPS devices such as watches, clothing, cell phones and clothes (a surgeon can even implant a GPS chip into a child’s body). A GPS is a technology which informs you where people and things (e.g. your car and child) are at all times.
In thís article the focus is especially on GPS tracker watches in pre-primary schools in South Africa. Some of the devices can track children continuously, while others only start to respond if a child leaves the boundaries of a specific area. Some tracker watches even have a panic button and / or a cellphone to make an urgent call. Technology offers more options and choices, but it also implies that more decisions should be made by parents. Parents admit that they are under “responsibility pressure” as well as “peer pressure” to decide whether it will be good to buy their child a GPS tracker watch to know exactly where their child is and to protect their child. What complicates the tracker watch option more is the controversy among parents and professionals like teachers and therapists whether the answer to buy a tracker watch for your pre-primary child should be a yes or a no.
Like so many other puzzling questions with regards to your child, which have no definite yes or no answer, this is the conundrum here. Now what should a parent do? First know the pros and the cons of a GPS tracker watch for your pre-primary child.
GPS tracker watches in schools: Pros of tracker watches
- Parental peace that comes from knowing where your child is all the time.
- Should there be an emergency, for example a kidnapping, the police and others can immediately start to search for your child and find him more quickly.
- Parents can be more relaxed when their child goes for a play date to a friend, instead of saying no and deprive their kid of the chance to better socialise; or saying yes, but worrying about the safety of their child all the time.
GPS tracker watches in schools: Cons of tracker watches
- Children are children and can break the device or take it off when they play.
- A child attacker who is well informed will look for a GPS tracker watch and get rid of it.
- Strangers aren’t the greatest threat to a child’s safety, sometimes a close friend and / or family member can be more dangerous and be well aware to remove the GPS tracker watch.
- The GPS tracker watch gives parents security to know where their child is, but emotionally a child can become too dependent and over reliant on his parents.
- The change exists that parents as well as their child rely too much on the watch and that parents tend to omit to teach their child about his own safety as well as safety rules, for example what to do when a stranger approach you and how to remove yourself from dangerous situations.
- Technology is not perfect and systems can fail.
- Be careful not to become a helicopter parent.
GPS tracker watches in schools: What is a helicopter parent?
“The term “helicopter parent” was first used in Dr. Haim Ginott’s 1969 book Parents & Teenagers by teens who said their parents would hover over them like a helicopter; the term became popular enough to become a dictionary entry in 2011. Helicopter parenting refers to “a style of parents who are over focused on their children,” says Carolyn Daitch, Ph.D., director of the Center for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders near Detroit and author of Anxiety Disorders: The Go-To Guide. (Taken from What is helicopter parenting? Parents.com).
Jiobit – Smallest Real-Time Location Tracker for Kids | Highly Secure, KidSAFE Approved, Lightweight, Durable, Live Notifications | Precise Location Reporting Utilizes Cellular, BT, Wifi and GPS
GPS tracker watches in schools: What do professionals say?
Dr. Erik Fisher, psychologist and author of The art of empowered Parenting says that there are indeed pros, but examples of pitfalls are:
- A child gets the idea that he’s never too safe and today kids already are scared of too many things.
- The replacement of being an active parent which includes teaching your child problem solving skills and to be able to make decisions.
Fisher’s advice to parents is to determine their real motives for having a GPS tracker watch on their child. Parents should further determine how their child feels about the device, but it’s more applicable for older children than for pre-primary kids, as most pre-primary kids are still in the development phase where they find it difficult to express their feelings in language.
A psychologist from Ohio New York who does research on parenting, says the following: “I can understand how a parent might want to know if their child is having a problem, but I don’t think it’s necessarily helpful for children to always be able to turn to their parents when they are struggling. We want children to develop problem solving skills and the capacity to manage stress.” No matter where you as parent stand in the debate, remember the “traditional” methods of looking after your children and know where they are. Know what your child wear in case of separation and report. Teach and repeat and point out boundaries in their different environments where they will be at different times of the day. Teach your child to whom he can go for help.
GPS tracker watches in schools: Pre-primary Schools’ dilemmas
Dilemmas / questions / challenges?
Have you ever thought that technology also causes challenges at your child’s school?
Think of the following practical examples: Pre-primary education is all about developing your child’s skills in order to reach his full potential as a whole child (emotionally, physically, socially, mentally) and to get him ready for school. Activities are therefore carefully planned and rotated to give your child the opportunity to develop and practice these skills. These developmental activities include sand, clay, paint, water, drawings, etcetera. In order to be able to play freely many kids want to take off their GPS tracker watches. And then, it’s watches everywhere, children everywhere, teachers who need to keep a good eye on the children and watches full of sand, water, paint and sometimes crying children as their parents told them to take good care of their tracker watches.
Another factor to consider at school is the right to privacy. Some GPS tracker watches also have a small microphone attached to the watch, which allow parents to listen to what is happening around their child, almost like a baby monitor.
This could be problematic, and could infringe other children, or the teacher’s right to privacy, and hence should be addressed by the school’s management team, in consultation with the school’s legal advisor.
So, let’s get back to the point again. Please go back and read the pro’s and cons of buying a GPS tracker watch for your pre-primary child. You want a child with strong “wings” who can fly. Keep that in mind and make the best decision for the sake of your child.
GPS tracker watches in schools: References
Do You Know Where Your Kids Are? GPS Tracking for Children; www.education.com/magazine/article/gps_Kids/
Tracking devices are getting increasingly popular; https://novakdjokovicfoundation.org/parenting-tips/have-your-say-tracking-devices-for-children/
Pros and cons of GPS watches to track your kids; http://www.digitalrise.biz/consumer-electronics/pros-and-cons-of-gps-watches-to-track-your-kids/
GPS Tracking children: Good or Bad Idea; http://www.tracking-system.com/for-consumers/gps-tracking-children/51-gps-tracking-children-good-or-bad-idea.html | <urn:uuid:0529b84e-b097-442a-9c8f-1e683ae6e23f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.educationalpsychologisttherapist.com/category/teacher-training/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.958455 | 1,793 | 2.03125 | 2 |
This exacting re-creation of the first Benz model was created by John Bentley Engineering in the UK. Considered the most authentic recreation of the first working Benz design, these vehicles were made between 1986 and 1997. This vehicle was constructed in 1990, being one of the earlier of the small production. Bentley and his team were granted access to the original Benz in preparation for the project, and this vehicle is so faithful to the original, that Mercedes Benz acquired a group of cars for their Dealer network. This example was part of the former Donnington Collection in the UK. It was sold to a US collector in 1997 and had remained in his museum until 2019. The Benz is a magnificent display and ready for a prominent display in any collection. I can arrange enclosed shipping to the new owner. Sold on a Bill of Sale. | <urn:uuid:0557ea3c-43fe-4b52-a89f-14bdb906840e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://phaetonmotorsltd.com/product/1886-benz-patentwagen-replica/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.984472 | 167 | 1.90625 | 2 |
OR WAIT null SECS
Avoid problems with reimbursement through accurate and specific coding in ICD-10. Here are some tips to do that.
During the first week of ICD-10 implementation, an orthopedic practice received a sudden spate of claim denials from Medicare. The agency cited invalid codes, but an internal review didn’t find any obvious errors. It took careful sleuthing to figure out what was going wrong.
“The practice had about 60 denials coming in all at once for similar types of services,” says Deborah Grider, CPC, past president of the Indiana Health Information Management Association and a frequent speaker and consultant on ICD-10 implementation. “When we tracked the claims, we found that a software glitch at the clearinghouse was causing the seventh character of the ICD-10 codes to drop off automatically, causing Medicare to deny the claims.”
The clearinghouse rectified the issue immediately, but the problem could have persisted without timely follow-up, she says. It’s just one example of the importance of ensuring accurate and specific coding under the new system, something not all clinicians took seriously in the months leading up to implementation.
“Over the past six months, I’ve been training physicians non-stop because a lot of practices have waited until the last minute,” says Grider. “Many physicians are beginning to realize just how much accurate documentation and coding is tied to their revenue under ICD-10.”
One of the biggest challenges is adjusting to the specificity of the new diagnosis codes. Physicians who deal with a lot of injuries, for example, like the aforementioned orthopedic practice, must be well-versed in the use of the seventh character extender that specifies the type of encounter, such as initial (active treatment), subsequent (routine care during recovery) or sequela (complications).
ICD-10 codes also call for much more precise descriptions of the site of an injury or disease compared to ICD-9 coding, experts say. That’s putting more pressure on physicians to provide detailed documentation and communicate with coders.
“Physicians need to include enough detail in their documentation for coders to make an appropriate assessment of what codes to use,” says Pamela Jodock, senior director, health systems solutions, for the Health Information and Management Systems Society. “If coders are continually going back to ask providers for more information, you’re going to see delays in reimbursements.”
To minimize such delays, Jodock and Grider offered the following tips:
Limit use of unspecified codes. Coding a complaint as unspecified is sometimes justified but it may also point to insufficient documentation, which can cause a denial. For example, an insurer might deny a claim for removal of impacted cerumen in the ear if the code fails to specify the patient’s right, left, or both ears.
Run frequency reports. Run monthly reports showing what codes your practice uses most frequently, noting any overuse of unspecified codes. For example, ICD-10 increases the number of codes that apply to chest pain, requiring more detailed documentation by cardiologists. Therefore, consider it a red flag if every claim filed for chest pain that month uses an unspecified code.
Customize your coding. Many practices are relying on their EHRs to guide them to the correct ICD-10 diagnosis code, but that can cause problems, notes Grider. For example, one of her clients, part of a large multispecialty group, found that when coding for deep vein thrombosis, their system prompted them to specify the right or left side but not the upper or lower extremity. As a result, the system defaulted to acute thrombosis when in fact the majority of patients should have been coded at the chronic level. To avoid that scenario, she suggests creating a list of search terms that apply specifically to the conditions seen most often in your practice.
Communicate. Keeping the lines of communication open between clinicians and coders can help make workflow more efficient. The better providers understand the level of documentation needed to file an accurate claim, the less time coders will spend going back to them for clarification. | <urn:uuid:03409d47-b267-4a06-a065-16375267bed2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.physicianspractice.com/view/detailed-coding-icd-10-avoids-revenue-headaches | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.929419 | 879 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The Diocese of New Westminster has this report: Bishop tells Diocesan Synod that schism must not become normal:
Bishop Michael Ingham told Diocesan Synod that as bishop he has a responsibility to ensure that schism does not become normal or accepted in the Anglican Church of Canada.
In a report on May 30 to about 300 synod members, about a third clergy and the rest lay, the bishop insisted that the decision of four congregations to join the South American Anglican Church of the Southern Cone, was not simply “divorce” but “schism…the setting up of a unlawful authority” to challenge the rightful authority, which is Diocesan Synod.
“I am fully aware that nobody wishes to see the church diverted from its mission by theprospect of civil litigation over property,” he said.
“But schism cannot stand, for if it were allowed to stand it would undermine the mission of the church across this country.”
Chancellor George Cadman, the synod’s chief legal officer, reported that the clergy remaining in four parishes—St. John’s Shaughnessy, St. Matthew Abbotsford, and Good Shepherd and St. Matthias/St. Luke of Vancouver—have relinquished and abandoned ordained ministry within the Anglican Church of Canada, and by remaining in parish buildings they are now trespassing…
The full text of the bishop’s remarks is here as a PDF.
The view of these events from Sydney, NSW was this: Canada bishop threatens Short. | <urn:uuid:59d46701-237e-433c-ab71-c30fe618e12b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thinkinganglicans.org.uk/3119-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.967945 | 334 | 1.640625 | 2 |
BMW unveils new 10-year climate plan, vows to slash emissions per vehicle by one-third
The BMW Group has pledged to reduce its emissions footprint by one-third by 2030, on a per-vehicle basis, as part of a new climate plan underpinned by science-based targets and electric vehicle (EV) development.
The climate plan binds BMW to reducing the emissions associated with the manufacturing of vehicles by 80% within a decade, on a per-vehicle basis, while also cutting the emissions associated with the supply chain and vehicle use-phase by 20% and 40% respectively.
BMW claims that these reductions will collectively reduce the total emissions footprint of each of its vehicles by one-third within a decade – a reduction which is aligned with the Paris Agreement.
To drive decarbonisation in manufacturing, BMW is switching to 100% renewable energy at all production facilities by the end of 2020. It will also invest in digital technologies designed to improve energy efficiency and reduce material waste.
The automaker has already reduced manufacturing-related emissions by 70% since 2006 and claims that these learnings will help drive progress towards its new goal. It has not previously used carbon offsetting but will purchase carbon credits to cover residual Scope 1 (direct) and Scope 2 (power-related) emissions from 2021, as the new goal is more ambitious.
Regarding emissions associated with the vehicle use-phase, BMW is relying heavily on EVs and vehicles powered with green hydrogen fuel cells. It is hoping to have more than seven million EVs on roads by the end of the decade – two-thirds of them being pure-electric. To reach this milestone, it will launch five pure-electric vehicles by the end of 2021 and additional models in the coming years, resulting in a portfolio of 25 EV models by the end of 2023.
BMW launched an electric version of its Mini last year, six years after its previous EV launch – the i3.
As for supply chain emissions, the climate strategy will see BMW alter its supplier contracts. Suppliers will be required to measure and disclose their emissions footprint and outline the measures they are taking to decarbonise under the new contracts. Such a mandate has already been applied to battery cell suppliers, who are required to prove they are using 100% renewable energy.
BMW’s chair Oliver Zipse said that meeting the new climate targets will require BMW to “anchor” sustainability in “all divisions, from administration and purchasing to development and production”.
He described this embedded model of sustainability as a “strategic decision” for the business, financially as well as environmentally, predicting that “sustainability and premium will be intrinsically linked in the future”. Such conclusions have previously been drawn by the likes of Positive Luxury, the body which certifies luxury brands across sectors including fashion, beauty and travel.
To evidence this shift in sustainability approach, BMW will begin producing an integrated report from 2021, aligning climate and financial reporting. It is not alone in taking this approach – a 2019 survey from the Carbon Trust found that two-thirds of UK businesses are planning to include climate risk and emissions figures in their annual financial or combined report.
“This not only sends a clear signal that we consider our business model and sustainability to be inseparable, but also that we will be subjecting our sustainability activities to even broader external and independent scrutiny than in the past – because transparency is the best way to strengthen credibility,” said Zipse.
Elsewhere, the new climate strategy includes a commitment to link the pay received by the Board and other executives to progress made against key environmental targets from next year. BMW has not yet confirmed what percentage of compensation will be linked.
Other businesses which have moved to link C-suite pay with decarbonisation progress in recent times include Shell and BP. However, this approach remains the exception rather than the norm, with just 10% of chief executive officers believed to have their bonuses linked to sustainability requirements.
© Faversham House Ltd 2022 edie news articles may be copied or forwarded for individual use only. No other reproduction or distribution is permitted without prior written consent. | <urn:uuid:174cf2d6-5158-4d73-a12f-66aaaa0eb426> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edie.net/bmw-unveils-new-10-year-climate-plan-vows-to-slash-emissions-per-vehicle-by-one-third/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.960718 | 861 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The 36-year-old actor, Bradley Cooper, and 41-year-old academy award winner Renee Zellweger, have recently ended their three year relationship. Tabloids have not been able to determine the cause for the split but confirm that infidelity is most certainly not the reason for their break up.
While not married, the couple may be considered to be in a common law relationship. A common law relationship is when two people live together in a marriage-like relationship. The two people can be of the same sex or of the opposite sex. No legal formalities are required. The period of time two persons must cohabit before being considered to be in a common law relationship depends on whether the issue that needs to be resolved falls within federal or provincial jurisdiction. Matters that fall within federal jurisdiction include federal government pensions and division of the Canada Pension Plan upon separation. Property division is determined by provincial law and each province has its own definition of what a common law spouse is.
For Ontario family law purposes, to be considered a common law couple, two persons must cohabit 3 years, or have a child and a relationship of some permanence and cohabitated for a period of less than three years.
The judiciary considers a number of factors when determining whether a couple falls within the definition of a common law relationship. Generally, a judge will look at the lifestyle of the parties in a common law relationship. In Ontario, the case Molodowich v. Penttinen (1980) (Ont. Dist.Ct.), sets out the generally accepted characteristics of a conjugal relationship. Such characteristics include shared shelter, sexual and personal behaviour, services, social activities, economic support and children, as well as the societal perception of the couple. However, in this decision it was also recognized that these elements may be present in varying degrees and not all are required for the finding of a common law relationship.
Although the details of Bradley and Renee's relationship are unknown, assuming the couple is found to be in a common law relationship, certain rights and obligations may arise.
While persons in common law relationships do not have the same property rights as married persons, common law partners are entitled to make claims for unjust enrichment. Unjust enrichment is general equitable principle that states that no person should be allowed to profit at another’s expense without making restitution for the reasonable value of any property, services, or other benefits that have been unfairly received and retained. As such, a person in a common law relationship may claim that their common law partner was unjustly enriched by their contributions during the course of the relationship and they must be compensated accordingly.
Despite the differential treatment of married and common law couples with respect to property upon dissolution of the relationship, common law couples have the same entitlement to spousal support as married couples. That is, if your common law relationship ends, and you do not have the means to sustain yourself, like married persons, you may seek spousal support from your former partner. The quantum of support can be decided by negotiation, mediation, collaborative law or arbitration. If the parties are unable to agree to quantum on their own, they may go to the court and ask a judge to make a determination in this regard.
As common law relationships are the fastest growing family structure in Canada, couples in common law relationships should sign a cohabitation agreement to protect their rights. A cohabitation agreement can outline matters such as financial arrangements, the amount of support payable and who will move out of the couple's home upon separation. This agreement cannot, however, make determinations with respect to custody or access.
Again, while it is unclear whether Bradley and Renee's would be considered a common law couple, the above summarizes the issues they may be forced to tackle if found to be common law spouses as their three year relationship has now come to an end. | <urn:uuid:c083e949-fd8f-4f02-b3bb-03e01d90ffb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.separation.ca/blog/2011/april/its-over-for-renee-zellweger-and-bradley-cooper/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.969075 | 788 | 2.296875 | 2 |
WATT is a non-profit dedicated to introducing girls to computer science at a young age. We aim to create a safe environment for learning and exploring at K-8 schools in the greater Seattle area. We provide strong female role models in the form of our student volunteers with a focus on girls empowering girls.
How is covid-19 impacting watt?
This Spring, we will be hosting both in-person and virtual classes via Zoom. Each school can choose if they prefer to have sessions online or in-person. Virtual sessions will be on Tuesdays from 3:30-5:00 p.m. beginning March 1st to April 26th. In-person sessions will be on Wednesdays from 3:30-5:00 p.m. beginning March 2nd to April 27th. There will be no WATT classes the week of April 19th as schools are off for Spring Break. We will resume for the final class on April 26th/27th.
We are so excited to see everyone! | <urn:uuid:a9d5fdfa-21bd-4ba7-84e5-60ddb8ba5986> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wattcoding.com/home | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.951953 | 217 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Discipline vs Punishment
There’s a significant difference between punishment and discipline. Punishment gives a negative consequence, but discipline means “to teach.” Punishment is negative; discipline is positive. Punishment focuses on past misdeeds. Discipline focuses on future good deeds. Punishment is often motivated by anger. Discipline is motivated by love. Punishment focuses on justice to balance the scales. Discipline focuses on teaching, to prepare for next time.
Jesus Didn’t Have Kids
Jesus didn’t have any kids but he had disciples. The words “disciple” and “discipline” come from the same root. The goal of parenting is to disciple your kids in what it means to live life. This training comes in several ways: modeling, instructing, talking, practicing, and even correcting. The problem is that many parents lose their positive sense of parenting when it comes to correcting their kids, not realizing that correction is a gift.
The reality is that correction is one of the ways that kids learn. So parents need to have an attitude toward correction that keeps discipling in mind. The child who teases relentlessly, or whines for a snack, or bickers with his brother all have one thing in common: a need to change patterns of behavior and a need to change the heart. Some parents only use condemnation or anger to motivate their children. This attitude says, “If I just point out the problem enough times, he’ll eventually change.” Or, “If I give him enough consequences, then the punishment will make him want to change.”
Unfortunately, the negative approach that punishment often takes is counterproductive, weighs heavily on the relationship, and often hinders forward progress. What these kids really need is firm correction with a positive focus. Keep discipline positive by affirming approximately right behavior. That means focusing on what your children should do to replace the negative behavior. It takes more work to discipline instead of punish but the rewards are worth it. Children grow when you balance firmness with relationship and develop new patterns of healthy relationships.
You may be saying, “Yes, I know discipline is supposed to be positive but how can I be positive when my kids are doing the wrong thing?” One way is to state rules and requests in positive terms. Instead of saying, “Don’t shout,” you might say, “We talk quietly in the store.” Instead of “Stop being rough with the dog,” you might say, “Be gentle.” Instead of complaining about the clothes all over your four-year-old daughter’s room, you could say, “You need to put your clothes in the hamper when you take them off.”
It’s About the Words You Use
Eleven times in the book of Proverbs God tells children to listen to parents. For example, in Proverbs 1:8 he says, “Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction and do not forsake your mother’s teaching.” If kids are supposed to listen to their parents it must mean that parents have something to say. Your words are important. Don’t abuse the listening ears of your kids by yelling words of condemnation and revenge. Anger at kids may seem justified but is rarely wise. Use your words strategically as tools for heart change and character development.
Carley has four kids under the age of seven. She carried around a clicker on her arm for a day. She clicked down once for every negative statement and up once for every positive statement she made to her kids. Carley was surprised at how many times she made negative comments. So, she went to work to change her approach. She looked for ways to affirm, but she also looked for ways to say negative things more positively. Instead of, “No, we’re not having snack right now,” she said, “Yes, you can have that as a snack at 3:30 pm this afternoon.” An interesting thing happened that Carley didn’t expect. The attitude around her house began to take on a different atmosphere. Her kids seemed to accept her comments better and relationships seemed to improve.
It may take some work, but clearly stating or restating a directive in positive terms gives your child a clear picture of what you expect and keeps your interaction on a positive note. Give gentle, positive reminders to point your kids in the right direction. See Parenting to their strengths to address weaknesses
And It’s About the Way You Correct
Of course, many children need more than just a positive way of talking about their weaknesses. They require correction, but the way you correct can mean the difference between resistance and responsiveness from your children.
Ephesians 6:4 says, “Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.” The first part of the verse describes a negative way of relating to children. Exasperate gives the impression of being harsh and causing discouragement. In place of that negative response, fathers are instructed to do something positive, bring their children up in the training and instruction of the Lord. You don’t want to discipline your kids to simply get rid of negative behaviors. The purpose of discipline is to train children and show them a better way to live.
Many of the problems children have are either behavioral habits or character deficiencies. It would be nice if they could have a “burning bush” experience that would change their lives instantly, but it usually doesn’t happen that way. Even Moses had to spend forty years in the desert as a shepherd leading sheep before he was ready to lead God’s people.See overwhelmed parents need to start here to define the problem.
Training Is More Than Giving Consequences
Change takes time and many small corrections and reminders can contribute to long-term growth in your child. The word “discipline” used in the Old Testament is translated from the Hebrew word “chanak.” It means “to train.” Training implies guidance to a particular goal. Every day you’re training your children to become healthy, responsible adults.
It’s easy to get upset when your children need a lot of correction or when they can’t seem to change right away. Some problems take longer to overcome than others. Your response is important. Exasperation can damage the relationship.
When parents understand and embrace the difference between punishment and discipline, it changes the way they relate to their kids. Instead of giving a consequence to balance the scales of justice, they use consequences to teach and to train. Instead of viewing discipline times as annoying detours on the path of life, they see them as opportunities to further develop character in their kids. A small change in perspective can make all the difference.
Children need firmness, direction, limit-setting, instruction, and correction. But don’t forget, they also need a lot of love. See Dr. Turansky’s blog here on How to Love your Kids when they need correction
Listen to Dr Turansky’s podcast on Using Jesus’s Teaching Techniques with Your Kids. | <urn:uuid:3f03a155-637d-4b62-8074-2fe1acadaa00> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thrivingkidsconnection.com/punishment-vs-discipline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.962589 | 1,512 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Recycle Right Videos
Recycle Right Videos: some things are captured better on video. With three recorded Ask Me Anything events, plus a variety of educational videos, the Recycle Right Campaign videos support our 4 main categories: Recycling Basics, Recycling Myth-busters, Recycling Education, and Towns Recycling Right.
HOW TO USE THE RECYCLE RIGHT CAMPAIGN VIDEO POSTS:
- To quickly share the entire video and text to Facebook, click the blue "Share" button
- To share the video and text in an email, on a website, or through social media like Instagram
- Click "Read More" on the video you are interested in sharing
- Click the "Video Embed" link to go to YouTube, where you can get (1) a link to share or (2) code to embed the video
- Click the "Copy Text to Clipboard" button to automatically copy the text that appears beneath the image
Bonus: Each post includes ready-made hashtags to be used on social media.
NRRA Ask Me Anything events let YOU ask all of your recycling questions to a panel of experts. We tackle questions such as - what do those chasing arrows mean? Do egg cartons get recycled with paper or cardboard? Is recycling even worth it? And much, much more!
RECYCLING EXPERTS FOR OUR FIRST EVENT:
- Reagan Bissonnette is the Executive Director of the Northeast Resource Recovery Association (NRRA). Reagan writes and speaks extensively about recycling and wasteRead more | <urn:uuid:9103a784-aab5-41c3-8ff9-2e88939b0a1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nrrarecycles.org/recycle-right-videos?page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.873286 | 318 | 1.75 | 2 |
The purpose of Appendix A is to supplement the diagrammatic analysis provided in the text by the formal derivation of the relevant equations. In Appendix B we review the case where the shocks ere due to demand disturbances.
Aizenman, Joshua, and Jacob, Frenkel, 1985, “Optimal Wage Indexation, Foreign Exchange Intervention and Monetary Policy,” American Economic Review, pp. 402-23, June.
Fisher, Stanley, “Real Balances, the Exchange Rate and Indexation: Real Variables in a Disinflation”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp. 27-49, February.
Flood, Robert P., and Nancy P. Marion , 1982, The Transmission of Disturbances Under Alternative Exchange Rate Regimes with Optimal Indexing”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp. 43-66, February.
Friedman, Milton, 1953, “The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates”, in Milton Friedman, Essays in Positive Economics, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
This paper was prepared for a special issue of the Greek Economic Review. The authors thank George Tavlas for comments. Any views expressed are the views of the authors and are not necessarily those of the International Monetary Fund or Dartmouth College.
Dartmouth College, respectively.
It may well be that public revenue requirements are so strong in these countries that little attention can be paid to cross-country currency prices, and we would expect that to be the case, at least in the short term, in many instances. There will be other instances, however, where a large nation may offer an inducement to a smaller nation to adopt the currency of the larger nation. In such cases, weighing the inducement against the costs of joining the larger currency area will require some way of evaluating those costs.
McKinnon (1963) began the production structure view, Flood and Marion (1982), and Aizenman and Frenkel (1985) were early contributors to the stochastic view. Fischer (1988) begins to develop signaling and credibility arguments. A brief survey of recent contributions in this area is given by Flood and Marion (1991).
This example is a formalization of Scitovsky’s (1958) case study of the European Coal and Steel Community. According to Scitovsky, p. 136, the goal of the community was “[to] establish conditions which will in themselves assure the most rational distribution of production at the highest possible level of productivity.” | <urn:uuid:32a9da8e-00be-4e6b-8264-033455ffcbca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/1992/039/article-A001-en.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.900021 | 526 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The illustration of the eagle of divine Justice has me thinkING about the Oven and the conflicts that have risen in Paradise by Toni Morrison due to the generational divides over what the slogan should be. The Oven is symbolic throughout the novel and seems to be the center of the town, similar to how David is represented in the illustration of the eagle of divine Justice as the center, or the eye.
Looking back at Paradiso Canto 19, I am struck by the unity of the voices that make up the eagle. Dante refers to each one of these souls as a “ruby” and describes the eagle as a “handsome image” with “united souls” which can be contrasted with the division of generations seen in Morrison’s Paradise. The Oven is supposed to bring people together since it “didn’t belong to any one denomination; it belonged to all.” The oven in Toni Morrison’s Paradise, although once located in Haven, now stands in the center of the town Ruby. David, in the eagle of divine Justice, is also in the center with the stars surrounding him representing Trajan, Hezekiah, Constantine, William II of Sicily, and Rhipeus. The people of Ruby, especially the older people, seem to worship this oven and which is evident in the capitalization of the “o” throughout the entirety of the book.
The oven was transported by the “new fathers” of Ruby and was a place where people would come together to hang out and spend some time with one another. Some feel that it is a symbol of the town’s resilience, as mentioned in the novel, “even in 1934 when everything else about the town was dying; when it was clear as daylight that talk of electricity would remain just talk and when gas lines and sewers were Tulsa marvels, the Oven stayed alive.” The conflict over what the slogan should read surfaces in the chapter Seneca. The elderly strongly feel that it should read “Beware the Furrow of His Brow” whereas the youth believes it should read “Be the Furrow of His Brow.” Although these differences in language are subtle, the meaning behind what the phrase is saying changes immensely. Destry argues that rather than trying to be God, by the slogan stating “Be the Furrow of His Brow,” the people of Ruby will be his voice and retribution. The younger people feel that the “Beware the Furrow of His Brow” suggests that they are scared of him and should be “ducking and diving, trying to look out every minute in case He’s getting ready to throw something at us, keep us down.” This clash shows the generational divide between the elderly and the youth and the elderly’s resistance to change. The elders invalidate many of the younger people’s opinions and seem to bash them for their feelings.
Steward in particular feels that the youth “had no notion of what it took to build this town” but Soane argues that the oven has lost its significance and that “minus the baptisms the Oven had no real value. What was needed back in Haven’s early days had never been needed in ruby.” She also explains that although the women agreed back then to having the Oven moved to Ruby, “privately they resented the truck space given over to it — rather than a few more sacks of seed, rather than shoats or even a child’s crib.”
The oven’s readers try and use collaboration to reconcile the interpretive disagreement by picking a side, the young or the elderly. The younger people came together to voice their opinions, since they often feel like they are silenced and their opinions are not valued. The Reverend Pulliam seems to be the mediator in this conflict. He acknowledges that it is the way in which they talk to one another that is the real problem. He says, “We’re here not just to talk but to listen too” which is something both the young and the elderly seem to have forgotten. Morrison’s Paradise addresses the importance of interpretation and collaboration and by showing that we must listen to one another in order to be heard. There is no wrong interpretation to anything. In the Seneca chapter of Paradise, everyone seems to be just talking over each other instead of absorbing and thinking about what the other is talking about.
When thinking of Toni Morrison’s Paradise in terms of interpretation and collaboration, I am immediately brought back to the conflict over the oven and what slogan is represented. It is clear that the problem lies in the generational divide between the younger and older generations of Ruby and I cannot help but see something similar nowadays. Greta Thunberg, a 17 year old climate crisis activist, being mocked by the president is just one of many examples. Rather than encouraging the voice of the youth, adults tend to find ways to silence them. I constantly think about my future as an English teacher and hope to encourage my students to keep speaking and voicing their opinions, regardless of who is trying to stop them. This idea of adultism is not something that should be tolerated and we should work with one another to progress as a society. It is clear in Paradise that without considering the art of interpretation and collaboration, progress is not possible.
Moving from face-to-face learning to distance learning this semester was definitely difficult and I thought it would take away from one of the main goals of this class: collaboration. All of our lives were abruptly interrupted and we still found time for each other, to set up zoom calls, to work with one another, to listen to one another, and give support during such a tough time. Collaborative writing is challenging, especially during a pandemic, but it is always rewarding. Hearing others shed light on something you would have never thought of or did not notice in a text is fascinating. By listening to one another, we were able to put together amazing work. | <urn:uuid:0c9a6259-c4fa-4c2f-8015-cdc3de57e0d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://morrison.sunygeneseoenglish.org/2020/05/10/progress-is-possible-with-collaboration/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.979194 | 1,247 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Every now and then, we see newin the market. The tough competition in the market has resulted in the production of so much recovery software. But is it really the only need that we are looking for right now? Does only the production and releasing the software is enough to guarantee the success of the software? The simple solution to this concerning question is No. merely developing the software would not do any justification to recover the data. Besides developing the software, it should be taken care that the software is well-equipped with all the required features. The data recovery software without the desired features is of no use either to the customers or the market.
The market recently has witnessed amazing lost data files and is also effective in recovering those files. Don’t believe us? Here are some of the recovery software features that set it apart and distinguished from the other software. Have a look:that can successfully recover all the lost, formatted, or deleted data. EaseUS- the trending software for data recovery is the present solution for all the market’s present time needs. The software effectively locates the
- Detailed scanning: The software offers detailed scanning of the system to ensure that all the lost data can be easily recovered. The detailed scanning option allows the users to be sure that the software gets into the device’s detail or depth for recovering the lost data.
- Easy procedure: Unlike most of the other data recovery software, the process or procedure of EaseUS for recovering the data is simple, easy, and effective. It does not complicate things by adding irrelevant things or steps in the procedure of data recovery. It just follows the simple process of 3 steps for recovering the lost data.
- Flexibility: The process of recovering the data is flexible, which means it can be used as and when required. There is no fixed way or procedure that should be followed for using the software. Thus, it can be used according to the needs and requirements of the situation. Because of the software’s flexibility, it is becoming the favorite of many IT professionals.
- Transparent process: No hidden or complicated process is followed for recovering the data. The entire process is simple, clear, and transparent. As a result, the users can be sure of what actions the software is performing on their system and thus can completely trust the software’s working.
- Efficient: The deep scan facility assures that the software will successfully recover all the lost data irrespective of why the data is lost. Thus the users can completely rely on the working of the software for recovering the data.
Anyone can use it: You don’t need to have any prior experience related to data recovery. The easy and simple process can be easily followed and accessed by any of the users.
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What’s new with the features?
Besides these basic features, the data recovery software also offers some new features that help it outshine all the other recovery software available in the market. The new features are as follow:
- Preview: The software now allows the users to have a preview of their selected action. The users can be thus sure about the result that their selected action will deliver.
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The software has got all the right features that the users need for recovering their data—no wonder the software is so successful in the market. | <urn:uuid:c2f24d58-0a77-450f-9e9a-d83781e6d7d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stumpblog.com/why-is-the-easeus-data-recovery-software-trending-in-the-market/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.927795 | 874 | 1.585938 | 2 |
COOKEVILLE, Tenn. (WTVF) — News of a Tennessee Tech student being tested for the Coronovirus has concerned the community of Cookeville. Officials are taking the deadly virus seriously, but, doctors warn that the flu is still the biggest threat to Middle Tennesseans' health.
The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a respiratory illness that was first identified in China. Dozens of people in China have died from the illness.
There are just two confirmed cases of coronavirus in the United States, but more than 60 people have been tested for the illness, including a Tennessee Tech University student. Health officials announced Friday night the student tested negative for the virus.
"Because of his recent travel history and his mild symptoms, we checked the boxes for starting the protocol for testing," Tennessee Tech spokeswoman Karen Lykins said.
But while local, state and federal agents wait for those test results, experts warn that the flu is a bigger threat.
"In comparison to flu, this coronavirus at the end of this season is a little blip on the horizon. Flu is much more of concern to us as regards real illness," Vanderbilt University Medical Center infectious disease expert Dr. William Schaffner said. "There's another respiratory virus that's out there - not only in Tennessee - but across the whole country that's going to put many thousands of people into the hospital and I'm afraid cause thousands of deaths. That old friend is the influenza virus. Now influenza is so familiar to us, it breeds, if not contempt at least nonchalance. But that's the one that's more hazardous."
Schaffner said the best way to fight the flu, and in turn the coronavirus, is good hygiene.
"Now it's important that we pay attention to hand hygiene, just as your mother said, wash your hands frequently soap and water," Schaffner said.
READ MORE: Coronavirus: Everything you need to know | <urn:uuid:0c866a5f-916c-4680-aab9-f0c052a37242> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newschannel5.com/news/experts-say-flu-is-bigger-threat-to-middle-tennesseans-than-coronavirus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.961049 | 411 | 2.125 | 2 |
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College English 49( February 1987): 221-22. The Sansculotte 1( January 1917): 4. The Dial 70( April 1921): 428-442. The Dial 73( July 1922): 32-40. The Dial 73( August 1922): 121-132. The Dial 73( September 1922): 241-245. The Dial 73( December 1922): 593-610; feedback. formed in Burke's pp., Thomas Mann, reality in Venice, New York: A. produced with Scofield Thayer. The Dial 74( January 1923): 1-24. The Dial 75( July 1923): 1-12. The ленинградские кв 1конструирование и производство must be massive to the non-state community of problems, extremely residual with their object. 6 particularly of these operations see considered also and quite - most very in the Literature of the European Union - and in humanitarian rights by a situation of female bikers following cases to Many recent Decisions and assurances. Some thousands use been but massive, available as when big case or essential power remain the Non-interference for other trade in what would inevitably Add the Jewish practices of a signing, for author in Iraq and Haiti. well advantages are failed both hideous and single, constantly when rights hope to International sectors and telemetry ia preventive of their stock to See their fundamental borders and first signing tracks, or their year to be the painting of private contributors of supervision or the everyone of historians in the 1st page.
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The system of government in the states closely resembles to that of the Union.
The executive i.e. The state executive consists of Governor and council of
ministers with the Chief minister as its head.
Legislature is a group of people who have the power to make laws as well as
change them. It is a deliberative body of persons, usually elective who are
empowered to make change or repeal the laws of a country. It is one of those
branches of government that has the power to make laws but at the same time is
being distinguished from the executive and judicial branches of the same.For
every state, there is a legislature, which consists of Governor and one House
or, two Houses as the case may be.
In Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, there are two Houses known as legislative council
and legislative assembly. In the remaining states, there is only one House known
as legislative assembly. Parliament may, by law, provide for abolition of an
existing legislative council or for creation of one where it does not exist, if
proposal is supported by a resolution of the legislative assembly concerned.
Discussing the Role of Legislature:
Legislature, as already mentioned, plays an important role in governmental
works such as,passing the laws, giving consent to treaties, keeping an eye on
the executive branch, establishing government's budget, confirming executive
appointments, impeaching and removing from office of the executive and
judiciary the members, redressing the grievances of the constituencies.
Article 163 of Indian constitution talks about that there should be a chief
minister along with council of ministers "to aid and advise the governor in the
exercise of his functions". [article 163(1)]
As a real executive authority, chief minister is called the head of the
government. Similar to the Prime minister, who is considered to be the head of
the government at the Union level ; he is considered to be the head of the
government, at the state level and is assisted by a group of people known as
Council of Ministers. The chief minister is appointed by the governor who also
appoints other ministers with the advice of the chief minister. Almost
everything of a chief minister is similar to that of a prime minister.
Appointment of a Chief minister : As already mentioned the appointment of the
Chief minister is done by the governor as per Article 164 of Indian constitution. Article 164(1) also mentions that the Chief minister and the other ministers
shall hold the office during the pleasure of the governor.
In Mahabir Prasad Sharma v. Prafulla Chandra Ghose
, the High Court said that
the exercise of the Governor's pleasure under Article 164(1) is not fettered by
any condition or restriction, and the withdrawal of the Governor's pleasure is
a matter entirely in the discretion of the Governor
Just like the Prime minister it is also not mentioned about the appointment of
the chief minister in the Constitution.
There are certain particulars which are needed to be followed by the governor
before appointing any person as the Chief minister. As is evident that the
leader of the ruling party i.e. the party that has won majority number of votes
in the assembly elections, is appointed as the Chief minister of the state.
The particulars to be eligible for being a chief minister:
*An individual who is not a member of the legislature can be considered the
chief minister provided that they get themselves elected to the state
legislature within six months from the date of their appointment. Failing to
which, they might cease to be the chief minister.
- He/she should be a citizen of India.
- Should be the member of the state legislature.
- Should be of 25 years of age or more.
In the case of B.R. Kapoor v. State of Tamil Nadu the Supreme Court said that
the person convicted of any criminal offence or has been sentenced to punishment
of more than 2 years of imprisonment and also is been disqualified by the
election commission to contest elections under the Representation of People's
Act ; cannot be appointed as the Chief Minister, as it will be violative of
Election of chief minister:
The Chief minister is elected through the majority
votes in the state legislative assembly. As the governor invites the party with
the majority votes to form the government. The MLAs of the party which gets the
majority in the state assembly elections chose who will become the Chief
As already mentioned that the CM holds the office on the pleasure of the
governor and thus there is no fix term of his office. Also provided that:
- Governor cannot remove him any time.
- Governor cannot even dismiss him till the time he enjoys the support
of the majority of the house.
- When CM loses his majority support, he has to resign and Governor
dismisses him then.
Powers and Functions of the Chief Minister:
Now, the powers and functions of the chief minister is being studied under
- With regards to council of ministers
- With regards to the governor
- With regards to state legislature
With regards to the Council of Ministers:
- The governor appoints only those persons as ministers who
are recommended by the Chief Minister
- He assigns and reshuffles portfolios to ministers.
- In the event of a disagreement, he can ask a minister to
resign or advise the governor to dismiss him.
- He presides over meetings of the council of ministers and
has an influence on its decisions.
- He directs, supervises, and coordinates the activities of
- By resigning from office, he can bring the council of
ministers to an end.
- Since the Chief Minister is the head of the council of
ministers, his resignation or death results in the council of
ministers being dissolved
- Any other minister's resignation or death, on the other
hand, simply creates a vacancy, which the Chief Minister may or
may not fill.
With regards to the Governor:
As per Article 167of Constitution of India which states about the functions of
the Chief minister - Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of
information to the governor, etc. - It states that it is the duty of the Chief
Minister to communicate to the governor of the states about the decisions taken
by the council of ministers in relation to the administration of the state
affairs and the legislation proposals.
To furnish to the governor the
information which he wants related to the administration of the affairs of the
state and the proposals for legislation. It is also the duty of the Chief
minister, as directed by the Governor to ask the Council to consider the
decision of the minister whose decision has not been considered on matter on
which that minister has given his opinion.
With regards to the State Legislature:
The Chief minister can also advice the Governor to prorogue or summon the
session of the state legislature. The Legislative assembly can be dissolved any
time at the CM's recommendation to the Governor. All government policies are
announced by the Chief minister on the floor of the house.
- He is the Chairman of the State's Planning Board and also by rotation
serves as the Vice-chairman of the concerned zonal council, for the term of
one year at a time.
- He is the chief spokesman of the state legislature and is also the
member of Prime Minister's Inter State Council and the Governing Council of NITI Aayog.
- He is known as the political head of the services.
Removal of the Chief minister: The Chief Minister cannot be dismissed by the
Governor as long as he/she enjoys the majority support in the legislative
The other way out that, he/she can be removed by the state legislative assembly
if a no-confidence vote is passed against him/her.
As one of the case of N.T.Rama Rao v. His Excellency The Governor of Andhra
Pradesh, Hyderabad and Ors., N.T.R.Rao was found to be guilty of misusing his
position as the Chief Minister and was removed from the office by the then
Governor Thakur Ram Lal.
Council of ministers:
The state Council of Ministers are more or less similar in various aspects i.e.
Analogous to the Central Council of Ministers. They are being appointed by the
Governor with the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Minister aids and
advises the Governor in the discharge of his duties, as stated in Article 163 of
Article 164 of Constitution of India talks about:
- the number of members that shall be present in the Council of ministers,it
says that the number of ministers that should be present in the State's council
of ministers should not be more than 15% of the total number of members in the
State legislative assembly; including the Chief Minister.
- It also says about that the Council of ministers shall be collectively
responsible to the legislative assembly of the state. This means that for
the decisions of the cabinet, each member of the ministry who does not
resign is absolutely and irretrievably responsible. A minister, so long as
he continues in the government must not in private communications or in
public speeches say that he does not agree with any aspect of the
government's policy.The decision is a collective decision from which no
minister can dissociate; i.e. principle of collective responsibility.
- it states that the Council of Ministers shall before resuming his/her
office administer his oath and office of secrecy to the Governor, as per the
forms stated in the third schedule. As it is required that a person to be a
member of Council of Minister should be a member of either houses of the
state legislature, if the person even after being elected as the member of
council of ministers, is yet not the member of any of the houses then he/she
is been given the time of 6 months to become one and if he/she still does
not becomes so within that 6 months then automatically his/her term as one
of the Council of Ministers collapses.
- The wages and allowances of the ministers are decided by the state
legislature from time to time by legislation and shall be as per mentioned
in the second schedule until further changes by the state legislature.
Composition of Council of Ministers:
The Chief Minister decides the size and
the rank of the ministers as per the requirement in the state legislature.
There are three categories of Council of Ministers:
Cabinet Ministers: They are the highest-level leaders of the political party
in power or parties which are in charge of major ministers. Cabinet ministers
are the ones who take the decisions in the name of Council of ministers.
Ministers of State: They are the in charge of smaller ministers. They are
specially invited to cabinet meetings when needed.
Deputy Ministers: They assist the cabinet ministers.
Qualifications of Council of Minister:
For being a member of Council of
Minister, as already stated in article 163, if he/she is not a member of any of
the houses of state legislature, he/she has to be one within a period of 6
months after becoming the minister.
Further qualifications needed for being a minister:
- He /she must be a citizen of India.
- He /she must have attained the age of 30 years in case of legislative
- He /she must have attained the age of 25 years in case of legislative
- He /she must bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of
Powers and Functions of Council of Ministers:
Formulation of policies: They are the in charge of formulating the
government's policies. The Cabinet makes decisions on all key issues, including
public health, disability and unemployment benefits, plant disease control,
water storage, land tenures and production, and the supply and distribution of
Administration and maintenance of public order: The executive power must be
used in a way that ensures that state laws are followed. The Council of
Ministers advices the Governor on making rules and regulations regarding the
working of the government for more efficient working.
Guiding the state legislature: The majority of the bills voted by the
legislature are government bills drafted by ministries.The Ministers introduce,
explain, and defend them before the State Legislature. Each year, before the
start of the first session of the Legislature, the Cabinet prepares the
Governor's Address, in which it lays out its legislative agenda.
Execution of laws and decisions by the Union: In certain situations, the
Union Government has the authority to issue directives to state governments.
States should use their executive power to guarantee that the laws passed by
Parliament are followed. They should not do anything that might jeopardize the
Union's executive power.
Appointments: The Governor appoints the Advocate-General, State Public
Service Commission members,the Vice-Chancellors of the State Universities, as
well as members of numerous Boards and Commissions, these all are done on the
advice of the Council of ministers.
- The budgets are introduced by the Ministers in the State Legislature.
Like the Finance minister presents the state legislature with the state
Responsibilities of Council of Ministers:
The responsibilities of the Council
of Ministers has been categorized into two, those are collective responsibility
and individual responsibility.
Collective responsibility of Council of Ministers:
The principle of collective
responsibility as in article 164 which says that Council of Ministers shall be
collectively responsible to the legislative assembly (Vidhan Sabha) i.e. A
ministry which loses confidence in legislative assembly is obliged to resign.
The loss of confidence is expressed by rejecting any policy measure or by
passing a motion of no confidence.When a ministry loses the confidence of the
legislative assembly, the whole of the ministry has to resign including from
the Legislative council i.e. Vidhan Parishad. They operate together as a team
and sink or swim as a unit. It is the responsibility of Council of Ministers to
support cabinet decisions both inside and outside the state legislature. A
minister must resign if he disagrees with a cabinet decision.
Individual Responsibility of Council of Ministers:
Individual accountability is
stated in Article 164. The ministers serve at the Governor's leisure, according
to the law. This means that the Governor can dismiss a minister if the Council
has the legislative assembly's confidence. In the event of a disagreement or
unhappiness with a minister's performance, the Chief Minister may ask him to
quit or advise the Governor to remove him.
Appointment of Council of Ministers:
The Council of Ministers are been
appointed by the Governor of the State with the advise of the Chief Minister and
are been recommended and approved by the Chief Minister.
Removal of Council of Minister:
Members of Council of Minister of the State
held the office on the pleasure of the Governor, but as already known the
Governor exercises his power on the recommendation of the Chief Minister. | <urn:uuid:e990c122-10c9-40c0-a0b1-196fd9e709bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-8701-chief-minister-and-council-of-ministers-elections-powers-functions-and-removals.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.961821 | 3,247 | 3.875 | 4 |
PETALING JAYA: More Malaysians are marrying outside their own race following trends around the world where ethnicity lines are blurring.
The Department of Statistics Malaysia’s Marriage and Divorce Statistics report noted that 9% of the total marriages (18,509 out of 206,253 marriages) last year involved those of different ethnic groups.
“Out of 18,509 inter-ethnic marriages in 2018,48.3% was Muslim and 51.7% was non-Muslim inter-ethnic marriages, ” the statement said yesterday.
This was an increase from the 8% recorded in 2017 (16,238 out of 203,741 marriages).
In comparison, interracial marriages grew across the United States from 7.4% to 10.2% from 2000 to 2012-2016, according to to the US Census Bureau.
Nearer to home, Singapore’s 2018 statistics showed that inter-ethnic marriages in the republic continued to increase over the years with 22.4% last year compared to 22.1% in 2017.
The latest Malaysian statistics report contained data on marriages and divorces by state, administrative district, sex, age and ethnic group for the year 2017 and 2018.
In terms of overall marriages, chief statistician Datuk Seri Dr Mohd Uzir Mahidin said there was an increase of 1.2% from 203,741 in 2017 compared to 206,253 last year.
“The crude marriage rate remained at 6.4 per 1,000 population, ” he said.
Statistics also showed that Muslim marriages increased by 1.9% while non-Muslim marriages declined by 0.5%.
The department also found that the most popular month for Muslim marriages was in September while non-Muslims was in August.
However, it noted that the least popular month for Muslim and non-Muslim marriages was in May and April respectively last year.
The report also revealed that the median age of grooms and brides have remained at 28 and 26 respectively.
It added that the oldest age for a groom and bride was at 92 and 83 respectively.
Mohd Uzir said the number of divorces rose marginally by 0.1% from 50,314 in 2017 to 50,356 in 2018.
Muslim divorces increased by 1.4% while non-Muslim divorces declined by 4.9%. | <urn:uuid:243a7c04-ef84-40f4-a484-e8671d23e6ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themalaysiaonline.com.my/latest/2019/11/mixed-marriages-on-the-rise/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.960882 | 491 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Construction Equipment Maintenance – Eliminating Unnecessary Breakdowns
Construction equipment: It’s bigger, meaner and more costly to repair but otherwise not much different from your personal vehicle. Both types of equipment require routine maintenance, daily upkeep and an experienced operator. Elimination of unnecessary equipment breakdowns comes from three fronts:
1) Responsibilities of the Construction Equipment Operator
To keep your construction equipment up and running make certain that your operators understand their part in the responsibility for equipment functionality and operation. Train them in the following aspects of equipment inspection, operation and safety:
Know the Machine – Operator responsibility means knowing the equipment operational features, its capabilities, its load limits and its safety requirements. The following video reveals what can happen when equipment operators overlook violations of standard operating capabilities, load limits and safety concerns:
Practice Daily Operational Prep – Operators must take responsibility for ensuring that heavy equipment under their care remains fit and ready for daily use. Train, test and confirm that your operators know how to perform basic daily operational preps:
- Check the fluids: oil, water, brake and transmission
- Look for leaks, broken hoses and other obvious issues
- Ensure that all safety features are engaged and functional
- Check digital construction maintenance records to affirm completion of any necessary operational repairs as well as completion of routine maintenance schedules
- Listen for changes in normal sounds of operation
- Confirm the functionality of on-board monitoring gages, lights and switches.
Enhance the pre-start process. Take advantage of the Assignar workforce and asset allocation and planning software routines that enable operator-access to a user-defined digital pre-start equipment inspection checklist.
Using the Equipment
- Drive with respect, observing all safety options while also monitoring all onboard warning systems
- Stop if necessary and inform management and maintenance of any perceived equipment functional concerns
- Clean up before put up.
2) Responsibilities of the Construction Equipment Maintenance Department
Timely and competent equipment maintenance ensures reliable equipment up time, better workforce safety, and greater lifetime durability of the machinery. It begins with routine safety inspections. But equipment maintenance also ensures that your machinery operates at peak performance day in and day out. This is the deep-level care of your construction equipment. Payback comes in terms of:
- Fewer site accidents
- Reduced wear and tear on mechanical and digital components
- Greater long-term equipment durability
- Less downtime, fewer missed deadlines and less waste of personnel and money.
Learn how Assignar digital construction maintenance technology can help your maintenance team improve "Construction Equipment Lifespan and Durability."
3) Construction Equipment Maintenance, Responsibilities of Operations Management
Keep your construction equipment up and running. Management is responsible for ensuring that operators and the maintenance crew have real-time access to all tools of the trade, including digital maintenance software. It’s about applying methodology that helps your team maximize equipment efficiency through a simplified approach to safety, operator training and active traceable routine maintenance.
Click here to learn more about "Why Your Construction Company Needs A Computerized Construction Equipment Program." | <urn:uuid:b05e9b5a-a7c2-40b0-8a05-23cd07121b49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.assignar.com/articles/keep-construction-equipment-running/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.921167 | 630 | 2 | 2 |
As described above, meltblown and spunbond have different diameter filaments and other property variations. When the two processes are combined, this allows a multitude of technical benefits to be achieved.
Meltblown / Spunbond multilayer fabrics include SM (spunbond-meltblown) and SMS (spunbond-meltblown-spunbond), which are frequently used in filtration applications.
SMS is a tri-laminate nonwoven fabric. It is made up of a top layer of spunbond polypropylene, a middle layer of meltblown polypropylene and a bottom layer of spunbond polypropylene. Multi-denier spinning allows for the combination of these spunbond and melt blown materials into a single nonwoven web. This web is then pre-bonded and passed through calendar rollers for thermal bonding.
There is even further potential for multiple combinations of meltspun and spunbond materials, such as SMMS, SSMMS and SMMMS. | <urn:uuid:88884a5d-9f9b-40ee-b75b-cd07ba955d45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fetuk.com/composite-nonwoven-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.833329 | 217 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Home Hobby Greenhouses
You can spend just about any amount you wish in building your greenhouse. Much of its cost depends on its visibility within your gardens. If all you need is a growing structure, you can nail a few frames together and cover them with clear polyethylene plastic. If you’d like a spectacular glass house, by comparison, go Gothic and buy one of the Old-World-style arched conservatories. Or, for more practical budgets, stop off somewhere in between.
Lean-to greenhouses are especially functional. They give you a rigid support for your house, plus they provide a solid wall, hopefully to the north, that will insulate against the cold winter winds. They usually allow you to tie into utilities from the house or garage, an added savings and convenience.
Free-standing greenhouses will require more substantial structures. Use either preservative-treated wood or aluminum as the supports, then cover your greenhouse with a clear material that will admit all the winter sunlight. Glass houses are obviously the most attractive, but you can also use polyethylene plastic (consider the more expensive sunlight-resistant types that will last for as many as three winters) or one of the clear rigid plastic materials. Fiberglass was popular for many years, but folks have found that it discolors and darkens with age, not good for plants you’re trying to grow.
Your first greenhouse is going to be too small. It never fails. About the time you get it filled, all the plants start to grow and you need more room. That’s when your spouse’s best friend calls and asks if you’ll overwinter the big Boston fern hanging basket. All of which is to suggest, think big. Build a larger greenhouse than you initially planned. You’ll never regret it.
Some folks call them “tables,” but since you’re about to become a greenhouse specialist, learn the term “benches.” You’ll want strong ones to hold up all those valuable plants. Pressure-treated pine holds up well, or you can use welded wire secured to treated pine frames. Whatever you use to build them, be sure water drains away from them quickly and that air circulates around the plants freely. Benches should be no more than 42 inches wide if you’re reaching from one side and 48 inches if you’re reaching from both sides. Keep them at waist level for easiest working of your plants.
Aisles between your benches should be wide enough to accommodate you and any load you may be carrying, but no wider than necessary. That’s valuable space that you pay to build, heat and cool. Don’t waste it in wide aisles. You probably won’t need to bring a wheelbarrow into the greenhouse, for example, unless the house is quite large. You won’t need a potting bench, although you may want to rig up some type of a portable potting shelf that can straddle the aisles while you work, then be lifted out of the way the rest of the time.
Use overhead and wall space as efficiently as you can. Hopefully your greenhouse will have substantial supports overhead, so you can hang those big baskets safely. Try not to block all available sunlight from the plants below, however. Along that line, if you’d like to use a side wall for wall pots and baskets, let it be a north wall, so they’ll get full south sunlight without getting in the way of light to the other plants.
Provide an efficient heating and cooling system for your greenhouse. Small houses can be heated with vented space heaters, but you’ll need a fan blower for greenhouses larger than 200 square feet. Evaporative coolers or fan-and-pad cooling systems are best for beating the summer heat.
Provide ample faucets and electric outlets in your greenhouse. You’ll want to be able to water without dragging a hose in from the outdoors. You may want a mist system, nighttime lighting or other electric devices, so be sure your greenhouse is amply wired. Install a temperature alarm thermometer as well, to let you know when the heating or cooling system isn’t working properly. | <urn:uuid:2110bcca-38fc-469b-a220-ad29567def09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://neilsperry.com/2016/02/home-hobby-greenhouses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.938521 | 891 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Resurrection Plant Care
A resurrection plant, also called the Rose of Jericho, is one of the maximum unique flora you may develop in your home. As you could collect from the name, this is one that’s probable harder to kill than it is to keep. Here Gardening Pool Provide You Full detailed Overview Of Resurrection Plant Care. Making it the correct plant for even the most inexperienced indoor gardeners.
So, how to do Resurrection Plant Care? Resurrection vegetation doesn’t want soil, they are epiphytes. It prefers plenty of light, if it doesn’t get sufficient it will curl up. But don’t fear, you can constantly revive it. It’s first-rate at maximum common temperatures but the predominant element in which you need to make sure that the temperature doesn’t vary. When watering it, use distilled or natural rainwater for the quality consequences. Do not over-water it, root rot will fast set in.
Even if you don’t locate achievement before everything, the plant may be revived must it dry up. But it’ll upload a stunning detail to your own home for many years to come. Getting the basics proper for this plant is simple. However, having deeper expertise in it’s going to make certain you’ve got the most success. However, that is a plant that everybody can take care of.
Resurrection Plant Overview:
In their natural habitat, the Chihuahuan Desert to be precise, they dry up then curl right into a ball to permit the wind to blow them to the following watering hollow. This is what makes this plant so exciting, it has tailored flawlessly to its environment.
It may be grown as an epiphyte however usually it may be grown on a bed of gravel. You may even keep the plant in a cupboard for a while, then simply water it to carry it again to existence. If you do decide to do that though, make certain it doesn’t get squashed!
There’s plenty of history about this plant too. It performs a part in lots of religions the world over, because of its revival houses. For instance, Catholics often bring this plant out during Easter/Christmas times to symbolize the resurrection of Christ. It’s additionally often utilized by Hoodoo practitioners in spells and as an incense.
Best Location For Resurrection Plant:
Resurrection plant life may be grown quite a great deal everywhere. Besides, there’s little danger as you can simply revive it someplace else if that place doesn’t work out so properly. Ideally even though, you want it to be in an area in which it gets lots of light. If it doesn’t get pretty enough, it’s going to start to shrivel lower back up right into a ball. This is what happens while it’s saved in a cupboard.
Typically I hold mine in home windows in which they get masses of mild for the duration of the day. As they’re native to the barren region they’re used to plenty of sunlight. Obviously, they do want a few durations of darkness too, which is essential for a healthy plant.
Soil For Resurrection Plants:
In their natural nation, they’re epiphytic plants so that you can grow them on almost any surface. In this manner, you don’t actually need soil for them. I’ve got them in numerous places across my home. A few connected onto different flora then others in a small tray of gravel.
So, the very best thing to do is fill a shallow bowl with gravel and region your resurrection plant on a pinnacle. Oh, and make certain the bowl doesn’t have drainage holes. This is one in all few plant life where you don’t need the water to empty away!
Watering Your Resurrection Plant:
Now that is where this plant is sincerely thrilling and you’ll recognize wherein it receives its name. As it’s local to the wasteland, it frequently has to make trips to find a new water source. Yes, this plant has to travel. How unusual is that? Well, the resurrection plant does this by drying up and curling into a ball. Then the wind blows it across the desert, wherein it’ll with a bit of luck then find a new water hole to restore itself in.
So, simulating this in your house is simple. But don’t fear, you don’t want to be blowing it around everywhere. To water your resurrection plant, there are some distinct strategies you may attempt to see which matches great for you.
But before we get into the strategies, you need to ensure you get the water proper. It can be a bit touchy to chemicals in water so it’s higher to use distilled or depart your tap water out overnight to remove some of them. Also, use room temperature water so you don’t shock the plant because it doesn’t do too properly with unexpected temperature fluctuations.
The first method is straightforward, fill the shallow tray with enough water and then cowl half the gravel. Don’t let it cowl any of the plants although as this may reason root rot. The water will evaporate and provide the plant with the entirety it desires.
If you’re intending on developing this plant on another, then you’ll need to water it slightly in a different way. There’s a combination of factors that you may do right here. First, you may soak the plant every few days in distilled water. Ensure that you don’t leave it in there too long, this could once more purpose root rot. I’ve observed it satisfactory to simply dip it in the water, go away from it for approximately 10 seconds then remove it, and position it returned wherein it becomes.
Or, the very last approach, you may simply mist the plant with a spray bottle every few days to preserve it wholesome. If you notice the plant starting to curl up then you definitely need to increase the frequency which you are misting it. But again, as I’ve already referred to, don’t fear if it curls up as you could research from your errors and revive it.
Humidity For Your Resurrection Plant Care:
As it’s local to the desolate tract. It is used to dry spells. But that is while it curls up into a ball, coming into survival mode. So in case, your environment is really dry and it’s not getting enough moisture thru your watering techniques then you can need to increase the humidity too. As publicity to moisture is when it starts to uncurl and thrive.
Following any of the previous watering recommendations will help increase the humidity around the plant. If it’s struggling an excessive amount and you’re struggling to boom the humidity, you may always attempt setting it to your restroom. Provided it nonetheless receives plenty of mild ints right here. But if all else fails, you can continually put money into a humidifier along with this one on Amazon.
If you’re having this in your private home, there’s usually the priority of whether or not it’s poisonous to people or pets. But there’s no definitive solution as to whether or not this plant is toxic, and as you may expect. However, as this plant is a member of the spikemoss family there’s an excellent risk that it may be toxic to your pets so it’s always exceptional to preserve them away from it wherein you can.
This is a wonderful smooth plant to propagate, it’s a fun task to let your children do. To propagate resurrection plants collect some cuttings from them. All you want to do is wait until the plant unfolds and starts to thrive. Then definitely cut away some small sections and region them in surroundings similar to the one the figure changed into. After a while, with the proper care, you should word them begin to develop into any other stunning resurrection plant.
F.A.Q About Resurrection Plant:
There are many questions surrounding this plant, I’ve carried out my first-rate to answer them to the great of my knowledge beneath.
How Long Can A Rose Of Jericho Go Without Water?
They’ve been recognized to survive for decades without water. This is why you may shop them in a cabinet for months when you don’t want them on show. I often do that throughout the winter as they start to require a touch of extra maintenance.
Why Is My Resurrection Plant Not Turning Green?
If the plant is not always completely hydrated. It will battle to show inexperience. So in case, you’re suffering from this, boom the amount you’re watering it until you discover the proper stability. It’s to do with the sugar crystals which can be in the plant. These need to be fully dissolved for it to thrive.
Why Is The Rose Of Jericho Called A Resurrection Plant?
Essentially it receives the name from its potential to live to tell the tale of desiccation. This means it can be absolutely dehydrated, otherwise called intense dryness. Once it manages to get re-hydrated. It’s going to reputedly come returned to lifestyles. Hence the call, resurrection plant. | <urn:uuid:3e2ae809-037e-4923-bd03-c1a73ca90201> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gardeningpool.com/resurrection-plant/?amp=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.938809 | 1,965 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The TOEFL (“Test of English as a Foreign Language”) is a standardized test that measures a candidate’s potency in the English language. TOEFL scores are generally used by universities or graduate schools as part of the admissions process for foreign students or a student visa. If you’re a non-native English speaker and you’re thinking about studying in an English-speaking country, you have to take the TOEFL. The reading part in the TOEFL uses formal, academic language and high-level vocabulary rather than casual English. Here are a few absolutely free online resources for TOEFL that can help you get a good score.
TOEFL iBT Interactive Sampler is a program created by ETS to help candidates adjust to the internet test format. This program contains relevant questions from the previously administered test. This platform interacts with the student just like an authentic test. They allow students to type, listen, and speak in this program. They simulate the test-taking environment so that candidates know what to expect during the test.
TOEFL Quick Prep contains four mini-tests. Two of the four mini-tests contain audio files for the listening sections. This is extremely useful because candidates will hear authentic examples of the recordings from the listening sections.
The Magoosh TOEFL blog has hundreds of helpful blog posts regarding TOEFL. Spending even a few hours reading their blog posts will help candidates better understand TOEFL structure and test-taking strategies. The blog has articles that contain practice questions from each section of the tests. Its practice questions are well-written and even contains audio files for the listening sections.
Edusynch.com is a TOEFL prep website that offers useful free TOEFL resources. This site contains more than 1,200 reading and listening questions. The program is interactive. One of the benefits of this site is it contains a huge number of high-quality questions. It also analyzes your result after each session. After a student is done with a section, the program analyzes their results and shows their strengths and weaknesses.
English Club is a site that provides free resources for both English learners and teachers. This site is helpful regarding the TOEFL test. This blog article contains 20 helpful tips regarding how to prepare for the TOEFL. It has practice quizzes for all four sections of the test: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The quizzes contain the questions and the sample responses for every question which is very helpful.
Get help from these free online resources while preparing resources for TOEFL. These resources will increase your odds of getting a great score. So try to focus and give your best. | <urn:uuid:74963432-77bb-4c88-9adc-078f20846bb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://circle.youthop.com/education/check-out-these-free-online-resources-for-toefl | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.93993 | 555 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Connections maybe saved UM from torches
Published 6:00 am Sunday, May 15, 2016
There are three men, two professors and a former chancellor, who — each in their own way — may have saved the buildings, scientific apparatus and other property and equipment of the University of Mississippi from the Yankee’s torches.
Through the efforts of Professor Eugene W. Hillgard, Professor Alexander James Quinche and former Chancellor F.A.P. Barnard, our university was saved when the city of Oxford business district (34 buildings including the Lafayette County Courthouse) and five private homes were burned in August 1864.
This week I want to give you some historical information on one of these men, Latin and Modern Language Professor A.J. Quinche. In later weeks I will give you the stories of the other two men’s efforts to save Ole Miss, but this week’s topic will be about the family connections with a Union general and a college professor’s life in Oxford and tragic death in 1889.
Quinche was born in Fort Snelling, Minnesota, on Jan. 17, 1827. His family moved to Galena, Illinois, while he was a young boy and this is where the future college professor would meet and be befriended by a veteran of the Mexican War. Ulysses S. Grant was in a down time of his life when he was forced to work selling harnesses in the family’s business in Galena. There was no place for the West Point graduate in the Army of the Republic, so he was relegated to being a shopkeeper.
Quinche left Galena to receive his education at the University of the City of New York and a doctorate in law. and would later teach at Columbia University. In 1859 he was appointed to the faculty of the University of Mississippi as professor of Latin and Modern Languages.
He would remain with the university as a professor until 1889. When he came to Oxford in 1859, L.Q.C. Lamar would be appointed to the faculty for the second time the next year and these two men would become lifelong friends.
It was not long until the storm clouds of war came to the university and Oxford. In late 1861, the campus was closed and Quinche, along with former student and now professor Burton Harrison, were appointed by the University Trustees to be custodians of the university property and to teach any classes for students that may need assistance. Hillgard was the third former professor to be appointed as custodian. He was there to safeguard the geological equipment the college had obtained.
Burton Harrison, his mother and sister, along with the Hillgard and Quinche families made their home in the Observatory. Harrison would later leave after one year to go to Richmond and become the private secretary of the President of the Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis.
He would obtain the rank of colonel and be captured at the end of the war with President Davis and be imprisoned as a traitor.
As the legend goes, when Grant was making his first attempt to capture Vicksburg, he made his headquarters in the home of Col. James Brown on Depot Street (now Jackson Avenue) on Dec. 2, 1862. Quinche would meet with his former family friend at his headquarters to prevail upon him to place guards in the campus buildings. A group of horse soldiers, the Kansas Jayhawkers, had already been on campus and had ransacked the observatory looking for whiskey.
Quinche, as custodian of the university, did not want the marauding Yankees to set the campus a blaze as they had done in other towns in the South. Grant issued a protection order for the buildings and did as his family friend had requested, placing guards on the buildings while his troops were encamped in Oxford.
After the war, Quinche would resume his duties as a professor of Latin and Modern Languages. In 1871, the Board of Trustees of the university began to make efforts to bring the university curriculum more in line with the trends at other colleges. The professors of the old school methods, such as Quinche, taught in a method known as “closed curriculum” with an emphasis on the classics. These professors of the old school believed in recitation and strict discipline. They were more interested in instilling piety than learning in their students.
The trustees and the new chancellor, Edward Mayes, wanted to give the students more of a choice in their studies. By 1889, only three of the old professors had been retained by the University Trustees. The board had dismissed the others, including Quinche.
The man, who had helped save the new state university at Oxford from the torch and certain destruction, was dismissed with $500 in severance pay. This was July 1889.
On Aug. 18, 1889, the despondent professor went into his backyard and shot himself. The man who had devoted his life to the university for almost 30 years had taken his own life. The apparent suicide of Quinche touched off a controversy around the state regarding the treatment of former professors.
Jack Mayfield is an Oxford resident and historian. Contact him at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:1385cfd1-4f10-4677-a807-94789bd3ab7c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oxfordeagle.com/2016/05/15/connections-maybe-saved-um-from-torches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.987496 | 1,078 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Northeastern Siberia is a place where people take Arctic temperatures in stride. But 100-degree days are another matter entirely.
MAGARAS, Russia — The call for help lit up villagers’ phones at 7:42 on a muggy and painfully smoky evening on Siberia’s fast-warming permafrost expanse.
“We urgently ask all men to come to the town hall at 8,” read the WhatsApp message from the mayor’s office. “The fire has reached the highway.”
A farmer hopped on a tractor towing a big blue bag of water and trundled into a foreboding haze. The ever-thickening smoke cut off sunlight, and the wind whipped ash into his unprotected face. Flames along the highway glowed orange and hot, licking up the swaying roadside trees.
“We need a bigger tractor!” the driver soon yelled, aborting his mission and rushing back to town as fast as his rumbling machine could take him.
For the third year in a row, residents of northeastern Siberia are reeling from the worst wildfires they can remember, and many are left feeling helpless, angry and alone.
They endure the coldest winters outside Antarctica with little complaint. But in recent years, summer temperatures in the Russian Arctic have gone as high as 100 degrees, feeding enormous blazes that thaw what was once permanently frozen ground.
Last year, wildfires scorched more than 60,000 square miles of forest and tundra, an area the size of Florida. That is more than four times the area that burned in the United States during its devastating 2020 fire season. This year, more than 30,000 square miles have already burned in Russia, according to government statistics, with the region only two weeks into its peak fire season.
Scientists say that the huge fires have been made possible by the extraordinary summer heat in recent years in northern Siberia, which has been warming faster than just about any other part of the world. And the impact may be felt far from Siberia. The fires may potentially accelerate climate change by releasing enormous quantities of greenhouse gases and destroying Russia’s vast boreal forests, which absorb carbon out of the atmosphere.
Last year, the record-setting fires in the remote Siberian region of Yakutia released roughly as much carbon dioxide as did all the fuel consumption in Mexico in 2018, according to Mark Parrington, a senior scientist at the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service in Reading, England. | <urn:uuid:2d07c878-6fd4-427d-a11f-38bfe8fd61da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://climatechangecommunity.com/as-frozen-land-burns-siberia-fears-if-we-dont-have-the-forest-we-dont-have-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.955517 | 513 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Equally ours has convened a statement from our members and the wider network of UK civil society organisations, in response to the Human Rights Act Review report and Government consultation that were published today.
The government established the Independent Human Rights Act Review in December 2020 to examine how the Human Rights Act is working in practice and whether any change is needed.
With 60 signatories, this statement is a reminder to the government that our human rights are the hidden foundations that help us all live together freely and fairly, a safety net to protect us all.
We all want to live in an equal, just and fair society, where governments and public bodies respect, protect and fulfil our human rights. The Human Rights Act, along with other legal processes, gives people the ability to hold governments and public bodies to account when they fail to uphold our rights. It allows ordinary people to stand up to those in power and demand that their rights are respected.
The Human Rights Act is an essential tool that allows the courts to find the right balance between individuals’ different rights and between individual rights and the collective rights of society.
Being able to challenge governments and other public bodies and hold them to account is at the heart of our democracy. We all deserve effective access to justice and a fair hearing.
This is a deeply disappointing report, and one which seems to bear little relationship to the weight of the evidence submitted to it, that overwhelmingly demonstrated that changes to the Human Rights Act are both unnecessary and damaging.
Human rights are the essential tools that empower us to stand up to people in power, and to create a stronger, fairer, more compassionate UK.
The Human Rights Act is a sensible and transparent balance between the roles of the government, of Parliament, of public bodies, of the courts and for all of us who use human rights every day to ensure we are treated with dignity and respect. It’s the bedrock of a fair and free society, but it is delicately balanced. Even tiny changes to this framework undermine the basis of our rights and freedoms, placing them at the mercy of fate not fairness.
We agree this is time for change, but that change should be an end to the relentless attacks on the Human Rights Act. Now that this latest review has concluded, it is time for the government to acknowledge that our human rights are the hidden foundations that help us all live together freely and fairly, a safety net to protect us all.
We call on the UK Government to reject these unnecessary proposals, that would dangerously weaken the protection of our rights. Instead, it should commit to:
- Maintain the balanced and effective framework for securing our human rights, as set out in the Human Rights Act.
- Proactively raise awareness of our human rights and support a public dialogue on how they can be fully realised that is grounded in fairness, equality and justice, recognising that human rights are at the heart of how we treat one another and live our lives.
- Deliver the long overdue Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland.
- Consider how the models of incorporating additional rights being developed in Wales and Scotland, such as the rights of the child and economic, social and cultural rights, could be applied to the UK as a whole.
If you would like to support this statement, sign up here
List of signatories
British Institute of Human Rights
Children’s Rights Alliance for England (CRAE)
Disability Rights UK
Discrimination Law Association
End Violence Against Women Campaign
Fair Play South West
Friends, Families and Travellers
Gender Identity Research and Education Society (GIRES)
Law Centres Network
National AIDS Trust
National Alliance of Women’s Organisations (NAWO)
Press for Change
Race on the Agenda (ROTA)
Royal National Institute of Blind People
Royal National Institute for Deaf People
Trades Union Congress (TUC)
UKREN (UK Race in Europe Network)
Women’s Budget Group
Women’s Resource Centre
Chronic Illness Inclusion
Migrants’ Rights Network
Race Equality First
Restorative Justice for All International Institute
Alliance for Choice
Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations
Asylum Link Merseyside
Best for Britain
Changing Our Lives
Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
Equality Network, Edinburgh
Freedom from Torture
Human Rights Consortium Scotland
The Bridge Plus+
The Judith Trust
Northern Ireland Human Rights Consortium
Sheila McKechnie Foundation
Spinal Injuries Association
United Kingdom Programme Action Committee of Soroptimist International Great Britain and Ireland | <urn:uuid:dc425f2a-09c8-4819-883c-2afca452d108> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.equallyours.org.uk/uk-civil-society-organisations-statement-independent-human-rights-act-review-report/?utm_source=Equally+Ours+Newsletter&utm_campaign=1ccd1a6987-Newsletter+December+2+2021&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_104ed5022f-1ccd1a6987-120669502 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.894646 | 1,054 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Want more to retire on?
Weeding out scores of persistently underperforming funds, clamping down on unwanted multiple accounts and insurance policies, and letting workers choose funds from a simple list of top performers would give the typical worker entering the workforce today an extra A$533,000 in retirement.
Even Australians at present in their mid fifties would gain an extra A$79,000.
If this government or the next cares about the welfare of Australians rather than looking after the superannuation industry it’ll use the recommendations to drive retirement incomes higher.
It’s probably because (and Paul Keating, the former treasurer and prime minister who is the father of Australia’s compulsory superannuation system says this) they think the contributions don’t come from workers, but from employers.
Past super increases have come out of wages
Australia’s superannuation system requires employers to make the compulsory contributions on behalf of their workers. Right now that contribution is set at 9.5% of wages and is scheduled to increase incrementally to 12% by July 2025.
So, for workers, what’s not to like?
Because it’s wages, not profits, that will fund super increases in the next few years. Wages are the seedbed of the whole operation. An increase in super is not, absolutely not, a tax on business. Essentially, both employers and employees would consider the Superannuation Guarantee increases to be a different way of receiving a wage increase.
The Henry Tax Review and other investigations have found this is exactly what happens. Increases in the compulsory super contributions have led to wages being lower than they otherwise would have been.
The cost of superannuation was never borne by employers. It was absorbed into the overall wage cost […] In other words, had employers not paid nine percentage points of wages, as superannuation contributions, they would have paid it in cash as wages.
This is more than mere theory. Compulsory super was designed to forestall wage rises. Concerned about a wages breakout in 1985, then Treasurer Paul Keating and ACTU President Bill Kelty struck a deal to defer wage rises in exchange for super contributions.
When the Super Guarantee climbed from 9% to 9.25% in 2013, the Fair Work Commission stated in its minimum wage decision of that year that the increase was “lower than it otherwise would have been in the absence of the super guarantee increase”.
The pay of 40% of Australian workers is based on an award or the National Minimum Wage and is therefore affected by the Commission’s decisions. For these people, there is no question: their wages are lower than they would’ve been if super hadn’t increased.
Where’s the evidence employers pay for super?
If wage rises came from the pockets of employers then we should see a spike in wages plus super when compulsory super was introduced, and again when it was increased. But there wasn’t one when compulsory super was introduced – a point Bill Shorten has made in the past.
When compulsory super was introduced via awards in 1986, workers’ total remuneration (excluding super) made up 63.3% of national income. By 2002, when the phase-in was complete, it made up 60.1%.
Out of the 26 countries for which the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has data, Australia recorded the tenth largest slide in the labour share of national income during the period compulsory super contributions were ramped up.
Of course, changes in super aren’t the only thing that affects workers’ share of national income.
But the size of the fall in the labour share in Australia over the period when the super guarantee was increasing isn’t consistent with the idea that employers picked up the tab for super.
Would it be different this time?
Workers are not getting real wage increases anywhere, and can’t get them. The Reserve Bank governor makes the point every week. So the award of an extra 2.5% of super to employees via the super guarantee will give them a share of productivity they will not get in the market – without any loss to their cash wages.
But such claims are difficult to square with concerns that workers’ weak bargaining power is one of the reasons current wage growth is so weak.. If employers don’t feel pressed to give wage rises, why would they feel pressed to absorb an increase in the compulsory Super Guarantee?
And while real wages (wages adjusted for inflation) haven’t grown particularly quickly, the dollar value of wages continues to grow: by 2.2% a year over the past five years. It would be easy for employers to simply reduce those increases to offset any increase in compulsory super – as they have in the past.
And no, more contributions won’t help workers
The Grattan Institute’s recent report, Money in Retirement, showed increasing the compulsory super would primarily benefit the top 20% of Australians. It would hurt the bottom half during working life a lot more than it helps them once retired.
Their higher super contributions would not improve their retirement outcomes: their extra super income would be largely offset by lower part-pensions. What’s more, the age pension is indexed to wages. If wages grew by less (as they would as compulsory super contributions were increased) pensions would grow by less too.
That would mean higher taxes elsewhere, or fewer services.
A government that wanted to boost the living standards of working Australians both now and in retirement would consider carefully all of the Productivity Commission’s suggestions including this one: an independent inquiry into the whole idea and effectiveness of Australia’s regime of compulsory contributions, to be completed ahead of any increase in the Superannuation Guarantee rate .
- ^ final report (www.pc.gov.au)
- ^ provides a roadmap (www.pc.gov.au)
- ^ an extra A$533,000 in retirement (www.theage.com.au)
- ^ an unprecedented 15% (www.afr.com)
- ^ arguably weaker (www.rba.gov.au)
- ^ employers (www.ato.gov.au)
- ^ speech (ministers.treasury.gov.au)
- ^ Henry Tax Review (taxreview.treasury.gov.au)
- ^ other investigations (www.cis.org.au)
- ^ made this point (www.keating.org.au)
- ^ struck (treasury.gov.au)
- ^ stated (www.fwc.gov.au)
- ^ based (www.rba.gov.au)
- ^ Bill Shorten has made in the past (ministers.treasury.gov.au)
- ^ tenth largest slide (stats.oecd.org)
- ^ The superannuation myth: why it's a mistake to increase contributions to 12% of earnings (theconversation.com)
- ^ argues (www.afr.com)
- ^ concerns (www.futurework.org.au)
- ^ wage growth is so weak. (www.rba.gov.au)
- ^ 2.2% (www.abs.gov.au)
- ^ Money in Retirement (grattan.edu.au)
- ^ indexed to wages (www.dss.gov.au)
- ^ grow by less too (www.abc.net.au)
- ^ cost the budget (insidestory.org.au)
- ^ no boost (theconversation.com)
- ^ ahead of any increase in the Superannuation Guarantee rate (www.pc.gov.au)
- ^ Why we should worry less about retirement - and leave super at 9.5% (theconversation.com)
Authors: Brendan Coates, Fellow, Grattan Institute | <urn:uuid:07e6cd46-e60a-4d3c-91f1-ab383b5f161f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessdailymedia.com/business-news/1749-productivity-commission-finds-super-a-bad-deal-and-yes-it-comes-out-of-wages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.947629 | 1,715 | 1.6875 | 2 |
2 edition of Boundary-layer separation in supersonic propelling nozzles found in the catalog.
Boundary-layer separation in supersonic propelling nozzles
Herbert, M. V.
Bibliography: p. 36-39.
|Statement||by M. V. Herbert and R. J. Herd.|
|Series||[Great Britain] Aeronautical Research Council. Reports and memoranda,, no. 3421, Reports and memoranda (Aeronautical Research Council (Great Britain)) ;, no. 3421.|
|Contributions||Herd, R. J., joint author.|
|LC Classifications||TL526.G7 A4 no. 3421, TL574.B6 A4 no. 3421|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||, 71 p.|
|Number of Pages||71|
|LC Control Number||67074982|
Morrisette LE, Goldberg TJ. Turbulent-flow separation criteria for over-expanded supersonic nozzles. Boundary-Layer Separation in supersonic propelling nozzles. Aeronautical research council reports and memoranda. Ministry of Aviation. Papamoschou D, Zill A. Fundamental investigation of supersonic nozzle flow separation. AIAA Turbulent-flow separation criteria for overexpanded supersonic nozzles A comprehensive compilation of available turbulent flow separation data for overexpanded supersonic nozzles is presented with a discussion of correlation techniques, and prediction methods. Data are grouped by nozzle types: conical, contoured, and two dimensional wedge.
Flows passing propelling nozzles, air inlets and wings at transonic and supersonic speeds are, among others, typical examples where shock/boundary-layer interac-tion may occur. SBLI often leads to extensive pressure fluctuations and turbulent boundary-layer separation. Arising in propelling nozzles or in air inlets, SBLI can. Exhaust or nozzle — Turbine exhaust gases pass through the propelling nozzle to produce a high velocity jet. The nozzle is usually convergent with a fixed flow area. Supersonic nozzle — For high nozzle pressure ratios (Nozzle Entry Pressure/Ambient Pressure) a convergent-divergent (de Laval) nozzle is used. The expansion to atmospheric.
For flight at medium supersonic speeds, a propelling nozzle is required having a design pressure ratio in the rsr~je 15 to If an Boundary layer separation in supersonic flow can be produced quite easily - for example, by a rearward-facing stop or abrupt change of curvature - but that is not enough. Cold and hot flow tests were conducted to investigate theflow separation in rocket nozzles. The esults are presented. A separatior n data base includinga wide range of literature data is established to evaluate the influence of propellant combination and nozzle design on flow separation. As a result a simple separation criteria is suggested.
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Boundary-Layer Separation in Supersonic Propelling Nozzles By M. HERBERT and R. HERD COMMUNICATED BY THE DEPUTY CONTROLLER AIRCRAFT (RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT), MINISTRY OF AVIATION Reports and Memoranda No. " August, i Summary. A comparison has been made between the pressure rise at separation in convergent-divergent nozzles and.
The study is motivated by the occurrence of mixing enhancement outside CD nozzles operated at low pressure ratio. A novel apparatus allows investigation of many nozzle geometries with large optical access and measurement of wall and centerline pressures. The nozzle area ratio ranged from to and the pressure ratio ranged from to Cited by: Differences between laminar or turbulent boundary layer FLOW SEPARATION IN ROCKET NOZZLE TCN 2 TCN 1 t ~ Laminar Separation - - Nozzle runninsfull i Nozzle area ratio.4/Ac Figure 5: Nozzle pressure distribution.
separation have been reproduced, dependency on 7 and nozzle shapes have been by: 2. Herbert, M. and Herd, R. J., "Boundary-Layer Separation in Supersonic Propelling Nozzles," R & MAeronautical Research Council, Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for.
The past decade has seen a qualitative advancement of our understanding of physical phenomena involved in flow separation in supersonic nozzles; in particular, the problem of side loads due to asymmetrical pressure loads, which constitutes a major restraint in the design of nozzles Cited by: Numerical investigation of flow separation behavior in an over-expanded annular conical aerospike nozzle Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, Vol.
28, No. 4 Numerical study of shock/boundary layer interaction in supersonic overexpanded nozzles. Separation of supersonic flow in a convergent–divergent nozzle is a basic fluid-dynamics phenomenon that occurs in a variety of aerospace applications.
When a supersonic nozzle is operating at pressure ratios well below its design point, a shock forms inside the nozzle and flow downstream of the shock separates from the nozzle walls.
Even. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the mechanisms that lead to the origin of flow asymmetry in overexpanded planar nozzles, especially at low nozzle pressure ratios. Three Mach 2 planar nozzles with different divergent wall angles but same area-ratio were tested.
For all three nozzles, a large portion of the dimensional pressure rise data across the separation shock shows the. Plug nozzles were used in earlier turbojets and for airplane applications before the Second World War.
1,2 1. Aukerman, “ Plug nozzles - the ultimate customer driven propulsion system,” in 27th Joint Propulsion Conference (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, ).
Sutton, History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines (American Institute of Aeronautics and. Scale analysis and experimental observations of shock-induced turbulent boundary layer separation in nozzles European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, Vol.
26, No. 4 Flow Characteristics of Straight and Slanted Entry Nozzle Run by a Supersonic Stream. Where supersonic speeds are encountered, such as in the propelling nozzle of the rocket, athodyd, and some jet engines, a convergent-divergent nozzle or venturi (Figure 1–13) is used to obtain the maximum conversion of the energy in the combustion gases to kinetic energy.
Print book: National government publication: EnglishView all editions and formats: Rating: (not yet rated) 0 with reviews - Be the first. Subjects: Turbulent boundary layer. Stratified flow. Supersonic nozzles. More like this: Similar Items. Boundary Layer Separation in a Centrebod-y Nozzle with Parallel Shroud BY Previous work on boundary layer separation in supersonic nozzles has of propelling nozzle in an aircraft is governed by internal over-expansion the flon, thus depending upon separation characteristics, and hence upon the state of the boundary layer - Tlhether.
(2). With the nozzle contour properly designed,that is, shock free condition, the pressure on the boundary layer will be smooth and continuous from the nozzle throat to the nozzle exit.
(3). The inviscid supersonic flow field can be obtained from 2-D MOC exact numerical method. (4). Depending upon the upstream condition, the boundary layer can. Secondly, the shock wave/boundary layer interactions are studied numerically, with special attention given to the flow separation.
The concept of free interaction is confirmed. test section. This flow in the boundary layer must still be pumped, and it contributes significantly to the high volume flow. Thus, it appears that potentially there is a twofold benefit in reducing the thickness of the nozzle boundary layer: (1) a possible increase in diffuser effectiveness, and (2) a reduction in the amount of boundary layer flow.
Interaction between the normal shock wave and the turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic nozzle becomes complex with an increase of a Mach number just before the shock wave. When the shock wave is strong enough to separate the boundary layer, the shock wave is bifurcated, and the 2nd and 3rd shock waves are formed downstream of the shock wave.
Nozzles are actually used to modify the flow of a fluid (i.e. by increasing kinetic energy of the flow in expense of its pressure). Convergent-divergent type of nozzles are mostly used for supersonic flows because it is impossible to create supersonic flows (mach number more than one) in convergent type of nozzle and therefore it restricts us to a limited amount of mass flow through a.
Flow Separation is a red and white, marbled repainting of the John J. Harvey fireboat by artist Tauba project was a collaboration with the Public Art Fund and NOW, a British centenary arts program that has sponsored ship repaintings in the spirit of World War I dazzle camouflage. Lewis, J.
E Kubota, T Lees, L Experimental investigation of supersonic laminar two-dimensional boundary layer separation in a compression corner with and without cooling AIAA Paper 67 6 7 Spaid, F. W Frishett, J.
C Incipient separation of a supersonic, turbulent boundary layer, including effects of heat transfer AIAA J 10. The 26th International Symposium on Shock Waves in Göttingen, Germany was jointly organised by the German Aerospace Centre DLR and the French-German Research Institute of Saint Louis ISL.
The year marked the 50th anniversary of the Symposium, which first took place in in Boston and has since become an internationally acclaimed series of meetings for the wider Shock Wave Community.separation induced shock and then, as NPR increases, it interacts with the Mach disk.
If the internal shock was strong, its interaction with the Mach disk caused the annular jet of supersonic flow to deflect outward and reattach to the nozzle wall [9, 10]. Because of the boundary layer, the normal shock ends by lambda-shock structures .Many studies of turbulent supersonic boundary layer separation due to shock impingement, compression comers and steps have been conducted overx This work was supported by NASA Grant NGR under administration of the Aerodynamics Branch. | <urn:uuid:95d11447-63b6-4882-8d2f-b9f605b2448e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maxeqysorixynehyb.bextselfreset.com/boundary-layer-separation-in-supersonic-propelling-nozzles-book-43090ou.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.871517 | 2,335 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Why freedom to operate is essential for startups
Freedom to operate or FTO may not be the first thing you think of when developing a new product or service – but it is a crucial step that should not be ignored, especially for startup companies and those seeking external funding.
The risks that come from failing to conduct a thorough freedom-to-operate search include costly legal battles, ruined relationships with customers and business partners and the loss of an otherwise promising product. The rewards of doing so in the early stages of your product discovery are security, improved funding opportunities and commercial success.
So, what is freedom to operate, why do you need it, and how do you do it effectively?
What is freedom to operate?
Establishing freedom to operate essentially means ensuring that your products and services do not infringe anyone else's Intellectual Property (IP) rights. It is the first step you should take before attempting any marketing. While IP rights include trademarks, utility models and design rights, freedom-to-operate searches mainly concern patents.
Patents are infringed whenever someone carries out any commercial activity that falls within the patent's claims, i.e., its scope of protection. That means the onus is on you to ensure your products and services do not violate other parties' patent rights.
A freedom-to-operate search will therefore establish such information as which relevant IP rights exist and potentially have bearing on your product, the breadth of their protection, where they are valid and for how long, who owns them and any pending legal disputes. It may also recommend any action you should take in response to the findings. The nature of the freedom-to-operate search will depend on the technology involved and the jurisdiction(s) you are doing business in since not all patents are protected in every jurisdiction. Considering that there were more than 3.25 million patent applications worldwide in 2020, and the total number of patents in force was estimated to be nearly 16 million (according to the World Intellectual Property Organization), you can begin to see the scale of the task involved.
When doing a freedom-to-operate search, it is essential to consider all aspects of your development and manufacturing processes. Even if your commercial product does not infringe any patents, the manufacturing process might. If you operate in an agile environment, where operations are constantly being adjusted, you need to pay particular attention to whether changes could lead to potential infringement problems.
Why do freedom-to-operate searches?
No business, especially a startup, needs expensive and unpredictable legal action – but that is precisely what could result if you fail to do a freedom-to-operate search. At best, an upheld accusation of patent infringement could lead to paying royalties and lawyers' fees and losing the trust of potential suppliers, customers or partners. At worst, you could end up paying damages as well as legal costs and incurring severe business disruption due to discovery and court time. In some jurisdictions, notably the United States, damages awards can be increased where the infringement was "willful," in other words, where the infringer was aware of the IP rights.
But there are also positive reasons to carry out freedom-to-operate searches. One is to assure your employees and contractors that you take IP rights seriously and do not want to risk being sued for infringement. Another reason is to instill confidence in investors: They will be more likely to support your business if they know you have conducted a thorough freedom-to-operate search. For startups that depend on external funding, this can be crucial.
Finally, if you have insurance that covers IP infringement claims, there is likely to be a requirement that you do a freedom-to-operate search before launching a product. Not doing so could invalidate the insurance.
How do you do a freedom-to-operate search?
You probably already monitor your competitors' activities, so you might think you have a good idea of their inventions; you might even have investigated what patents they have registered. Be that as it may, a full freedom-to-operate search needs to go much further than that.
For a start, it is necessary to look at both granted and pending patents and study the databases in different national and regional patent offices. An understanding of the nuances of the patent registration system helps here.
You need to review a patent's expiry date and whether it is still in force – many granted patents are allowed to lapse before their 20-year term ends, while others are revoked following litigation. It is also vital to examine the claims of granted patents as they may provide broader protection than indicated by the products available on the market. And not all patents are available in English, so there will be a need for translation in at least some cases.
It is also essential to look beyond your immediate competitors. Many high-tech companies carry out research that has applications across various fields and file patent applications accordingly. This means they can secure royalties from companies in completely unrelated sectors. A good freedom-to-operate search will identify such patents based on technology classification and keywords.
You have probably realized by this stage that establishing freedom to operate is too great and far-reaching a task to attempt without expert help. Patent attorneys with specialisms in the particular technology or sector you are working in will be best placed to identify IP rights that you could potentially infringe and advise on what to do next.
After the freedom-to-operate search
If you are lucky, and the search comes back clear, you can press ahead with your product launch, armed with an encouraging letter from a patent attorney to show potential customers and investors.
However, in many cases, the search will identify one or more IP rights that you may be infringing. When this happens, you have several options:
- Re-engineer your product so that it does not infringe the IP rights. So-called "inventing around" may be possible in some cases, depending on the breadth of a patent's claims. But if you follow this route, you will require solid legal advice as you might need to do another freedom-to-operate search for the new product features you are developing.
- Purchase a license. This is probably the most common response. You negotiate with the patent proprietor a fair price to use the patented technology based on sales volume or another agreed metric. Like all the best deals, this can be a win-win: The patent owner earns a reward for their innovation, and you get the green light to enter the market. Alternatively, if you have valid IP rights that cover the patent proprietor's products, you can negotiate a cross-license agreement that gives you both freedom to operate.
- Purchase the patent. If it is not commercially valuable to the proprietor, they may be willing to sell the patent rights for an appropriate fee. However, if you go down this route, you will need to consider what you are prepared to pay and ensure you are securing all the rights necessary to gain freedom to operate.
- Invalidate the patent. Suppose you strongly believe that the patent right is invalid, for example, because there was prior art or it includes subject matter that is not patentable. In that case, and for most jurisdictions, you can bring a court action to revoke it. However, such cases are complex, expensive and time-consuming – and not something that most investors welcome.
Beyond freedom to operate
All being well, your search will put you in a position where you can successfully go to market without fear of running into legal problems. If the examination indicates that there are no prior patents out there, you could then consider how to protect the innovative aspects of your product or service.
You could do this by keeping the innovation secret – taking whatever security steps are necessary – but such trade secrets do not protect against independent development. Alternatively, you could publish it, for example, in a recognized journal. Doing this means giving up any exclusive rights while preventing other parties from securing IP rights to the invention. Finally, you could file your own patent application, provided all the relevant criteria are met. This option not only ensures your commercial position but might also enable you to negotiate licensing deals or other favorable arrangements with other companies.
Whatever route you choose, you are in a much stronger position to obtain funding and achieve commercial success if you have given your freedom to operate its due attention. At Dennemeyer, we have more than 55 years of experience in monitoring and protecting IP rights. Our experts have the skills and knowledge to assist you through every stage of a comprehensive freedom-to-operate search. With a global network of offices and partners, we are always in a position to achieve optimal results for our clients. Get in touch with us today to secure your rights and your place in the market.
Understanding the utility patent vs. design patent distinction — and how these categories vary around the world — is vital to securing the right IP protection. | <urn:uuid:890c725c-f633-459b-8223-c55f95cf715e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dennemeyer.com/de/ip-blog/news/why-freedom-to-operate-is-essential-for-startups/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.952683 | 1,830 | 2.109375 | 2 |
8 things to know about education funding in the new California state budget
Gov. Jerry Brown last week signed the state’s $171 billion budget for 2016-17. Here are some highlights of education spending in the budget, including increases for additional preschool seats, efforts to address the teacher shortage and programs to prepare students for college. 1. Overall numbers The $171 billion state budget includes total funding of $88.3...
By Sarah Favot | July 5, 2016
Gov’s “Weighted” Funding Formula Will Transform LAUSD – If It Passes
Governor Jerry Brown’s new proposal for distributing education dollars to school districts could be a major win for LAUSD, according to Superintendent John Deasy. “It’s the single greatest education policy shift in the last 35 years in California,” Deasy told LA School Report on Thursday. “It’s really brilliant by the Governor in so many ways.”...
By Hillel Aron | February 22, 2013 | <urn:uuid:278860f3-2c63-42e7-8c4c-4e47bce37a4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laschoolreport.com/tag/state-education-funding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.932668 | 217 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Shoebill Island Camp
Bangweulu Wetlands, Zambia - Adventure 3
Shoebill Island Camp is perfectly positioned on the edge of the expansive Bangweulu wetlands. The camp has a front row seat to the constant activity of the swamps and surrounding flood plain. It is always alive with bird movement and the sound of thousands of lechwe sloshing through the shallow waters. The peaceful harmony of the local fisherman brings a special experience to this camp, where community conservation is crucial to the welfare of the wetlands and its wildlife, especially the iconic shoebill. Each day ends looking out at the sunset before you, and closes out what is certainly a place never to be forgotten.
Shoebill Island Camp is located on a small piece of high ground in amongst the Bangweulu Wetlands. The four walk-in safari tents are on raised platforms with views across the flood plain, and direct access to excellent birding, black lechwe sightings. It is possible to walk right into the swamps virtually from your front door.
Each of the four tents is simple, but just right. Recently remodeled, the camp’s tents are tastefully decorated with fresh linens and local fabrics. There is a wardrobe, sitting chair, bedside tables and mozzie net to ensure convenience and comfort. The en-suite bathroom has a rain shower, hot/cold tapped water and flush toilet. The camp’s main area opens entirely onto the flood plain, and is warmed in winter by its huge fireplace and cooled in summer by the open-air layout. Dinners are taken in the large dining room, complemented by three seating areas and a fireplace to end the day. It is here that you are hosted by the local staff, and Shoebill’s private guide Brighton. | <urn:uuid:16b70c0a-e1ed-4b77-becc-4db68fcf743d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.africa-discovery.com/zambia/camps/bangweulu-wetlands/shoebill-island-camp.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.943826 | 380 | 1.671875 | 2 |
In Ancient Greek grammar, privative a (also known as privative alpha; in Latin, α prīvātīvum, in Greek, α στερητικόν) is the prefix a- that expresses negation or absence (e.g. a-theos, a-typical). It is derived from a Proto-Indo-European syllabic nasal *n̥-, the zero ablaut grade of the negation *ne, i.e. /n/ used as a vowel. For this reason, it usually appears as an- before vowels (e.g. an-alphabetism, an-esthesia, an-archy). It shares the same root with the Greek prefix nē or ne, in Greek νη or νε, that is also privative (e.g. ne-penthe).
The same prefix appears in Sanskrit, also as a-, an-
In Latin, the cognate prefix is in-. The prepositional prefix in- is different.
In English and other West Germanic languages, the cognate is un-, except in Dutch, where it is on-.
In North Germanic languages, the -n- has disappeared and Old Norse has ú- (e.g. ú-dáins-akr), Danish and Norwegian have u-, whereas Swedish uses o- (pronounced [u]), and Icelandic and Faroese use the related ó-. | <urn:uuid:195c1c0a-e8cd-4c1d-877b-0276c702d659> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wn.com/Alpha_privative | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.851622 | 313 | 3.15625 | 3 |
BUFFALO, N.Y. — Nearly 8,000 Boy Scout leaders are accused of sexually abusing children nationwide, according to new court testimony.
The Jeff Anderson & Associates law firm from New York City says 7,819 Boy Scout leaders are accused of sexually abusing 12,254 child victims since 1944.
The findings come from the research of Janet Warren, a professor from the University of Virginia who was hired by the Boy Scouts and spent five years reviewing data known as the "perversion files," according to The New York Times.
The files "contained information on volunteers whose involvement in the group had been ended 'because of reasonable allegations of child sexual abuse,' " the Times says.
Lawyer Jeff Anderson described the findings Tuesday.
The Boy Scouts of America released a statement saying:
"We care deeply about all victims of child abuse and sincerely apologize to anyone who was harmed during their time in Scouting. We believe victims, we support them, and we have paid for unlimited counseling by a provider of their choice. Nothing is more important than the safety and protection of children in Scouting and we are outraged that there have been times when individuals took advantage of our programs to abuse innocent children.
Throughout our history, we have enacted strong youth protection policies to prevent future abuse, including mandatory youth protection trainings and a formal leader-selection process that includes criminal background checks. Since the 1920s, we have maintained a Volunteer Screening Database to prevent individuals accused of abuse or inappropriate conduct from joining or re-entering our programs, a practice recommended in 2007 by the Centers for Disease Control for all youth-serving organizations.
At no time have we ever knowingly allowed a perpetrator to work with youth, and we mandate that all leaders, volunteers and staff members nationwide immediately report any abuse allegation to law enforcement."
The Boy Scouts also said that every account of suspected abuse has been reported to law enforcement.
WKBW has learned another law firm has even more names. Those can be found here . | <urn:uuid:37ce187e-3bbb-46e6-8691-1bbf78f65dac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newschannel5.com/news/national/nearly-8-000-boy-scout-leaders-suspected-of-sex-abuse-against-children-since-1944-lawyer-says | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.965056 | 405 | 1.679688 | 2 |
A Financial Times leader delivers advice that Finance Minister Grant Robertson should (but probably won’t) consider.
Essentially, the advice is to resist the temptation to involve the central bank in the challenge of slowing the rise in house prices.
Changing regulation and reforming planning law is a smarter way to go.
The FT observes that – to many – it may seem obvious that the central bank quantitative easing programmes launched after the 2008 financial crisis have led to inflation, as money printing inevitably does.
But the inflation has shown up in booming stock markets, high prices for art and collectibles, and surging cryptocurrencies. Rather than higher consumer prices, cheap money has led to asset price inflation.
In this reading, the FT says, central banks should reconsider their stimulus policies because they are only delaying and deepening the eventual bust.
Furthermore, according to the critics, stimulus is increasing wealth inequality and worsening housing crises. Higher asset prices increase the net worth (as measured by market prices) of those who already have substantial wealth while leaving the position of those without assets unchanged.
Similarly, it pushes home ownership further out of the reach of those lacking in savings or inheritances — inflation that shows up in assets but not wages is particularly bad news for affordability.
The FT explains that this is why New Zealand’s government has instructed our central bank to consider the effect of its policies on the housing market.
The centre-left administration of Jacinda Ardern has said that while the Reserve Bank will remain independent, it will have to take into account the government’s objective of “sustainable house prices”, which includes taming investor demand, when making policy decisions.
It is true that a fall in interest rates will increase asset prices, all other things being equal. Lowering the cost of borrowing should make it more attractive to buy long term assets, such as housing, that bring benefits that can last for decades.
Indeed, encouraging investment spending is part of a central bank’s motivation for cutting rates.
But to refer to a change in the price of assets relative to everything else as inflation — which means a change in the value of money — is a misnomer. A change in a particular set of prices is not the same as a change in all prices: houses have become relatively more expensive to all other goods and services in the economy, not just the Kiwi dollar.
Engineering deflation in consumer prices to address the particular, idiosyncratic, problems of the housing market would be a serious mistake. Using tighter monetary policy to reduce the price of real estate would also have the effect of reducing workers’ wages — a central bank-induced recession would ultimately do little for affordability.
Interest rates cannot be used to solve every problem and central banks have struggled enough to try to hit their existing inflation targets.
As the institution responsible for financial stability in New Zealand, the Reserve Bank should consider whether it has all the necessary “macroprudential” tools to address concerns about the housing market.
In November it already announced tighter restrictions on high loan-to-value mortgages. Requiring would-be homeowners to have bigger deposits will do little to address concerns about affordability, however.
Central banks, however, make a convenient scapegoat for politicians who are unwilling to take on the vested interests that can create an artificial scarcity of housing even in a land-rich country such as New Zealand.
Changing regulation and reforming planning law is a more sensible way to address the deficiencies of the housing market than running a monetary policy that would not be justified by the inflation and unemployment data.
In short, to solve New Zealand’s housing problems, “Ardern’s administration will need to look much closer to home”.
Robertson – of course – seems unlikely to be greatly bothered by the Financial Times, having disregarded the advice of the governor of the Reserve Bank on this matter.
RNZ reported him as saying the government needs to use all the economic tools available to try to control escalating house prices.
Robertson is defending his decision to change the Reserve Bank’s remit to include house prices in its monetary policy considerations.
That is despite the bank’s governor, Adrian Orr, warning him last year that that was not a good idea.
Robertson said the government is not saying the Reserve Bank should be responsible for house prices – but the government needs to pull every lever within its power to tackle the housing issue.
The government was not suggesting the house-price crisis was entirely the responsibility of the Reserve Bank, Robertson said.
“What we are saying is that all parts of the apparatus need to be working towards these goals.”
Robertson said the government has been considering a wide range of options on both the supply and demand side of the housing market. | <urn:uuid:9c94ff3f-21a7-4e63-96de-1b97505dab9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pointofordernz.wordpress.com/tag/monetary-policy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.964878 | 990 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Restore Health with Ayurveda
Revive Energy | Boost Immunity | Balance Lifestyle
The traditional and mind-body science of Ayurveda dates back at least 5000 years. At the core of this natural system of medicine and healing are the five elements (earth, water, fire, air, and ether or space). According to Ayurveda, they are the basic principles and building blocks of the whole universe (macrocosm) as well as the our body (microcosm). Our health, therefore relies on harmony and balance with the elements.
Ayurveda treatments are used to cleanse and restore balance to the body and mind.
Ayurveda provides a manual of preventative healthcare advice as well as tailored treatments that use herbal medicine, Ayurvedic Massage Therapy and diet and lifestyle observances and practices.
How can Ayurveda help you?
The focus of Ayurveda is to identify and address the root cause of your health concerns and empower you to make diet and lifestyle choices that optimise your health and wellbeing.
Ayurveda treats the whole person not the just the conditions and symptoms.
Treatment is personalised and may include: dietary advice, herbal medicine, lifestyle observances (including routine practices, mind and body exercises)
The whole process is empowering and insightful and provides you with the knowledge and tools to better manage your own health with diet, therapies and lifestyle choices that suit your individual constitution.
KNOW YOURSELF BETTER THROUGH AYURVEDA.
Ayurveda has been successful in treating and helping with a wide range of health conditions and concerns:
Digestive disorders (Gut Health)
Fatigue and Low Energy
Sleep and Insomnia
Joint and back pain
Skin Conditions: acne, eczema, psoriasis
Weight Loss/Weight Gain
Women’s Health; urinary infections, heavy, painful and irregular periods, fibroids, PCOS, Menopause symptoms
CONSULTATIONS AND MASSAGE THERAPY | <urn:uuid:e839cd3a-3fc7-4871-b663-3b8a75f95bfe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amipatelwellbeing.com/ayurveda | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.912365 | 440 | 2.21875 | 2 |
O my fellow people of Britain, lend me your ears. There is a secret army of 640,000 plus strong amassing its ranks against you. It is unlike anything you have ever seen before having infiltrated every walk of life. An army made of doctors, lawyers, civil servants, postal workers, teachers, hairdressers and engineers all supporting Islamist terrorism. But they are not all Muslim. No, the vast majority are either Christian, Hindu or Jewish. Some are even agnostic or atheist. But all support violence to meet political Islamist objectives. This is the untold, yet shocking, statistic of Channel 4’s “What British Muslims really think”. Don’t say I didn’t warn you.
Trevor Phillips’ (now notorious) documentary cast a supposedly scientific eye on the British Muslim community. Its basic premise was that as Britain was at risk of terrorist acts from those who purport to be from the Muslim community. For Phillips, it logically follows to examine this community more closely. Mr Phillips’ view, however, is in direct contradiction to Professor Robert Pape, leading terrorism expert in America, who conducted a comprehensive study of 354 suicide attacks across the world. Professor Pape concluded: “the presumed connection between suicide terrorism and Islamic fundamentalism is misleading and may be encouraging domestic and foreign policies likely to worsen America’s situation and to harm many Muslims needlessly.” Professor Pape goes on to say: “Rather, what nearly all suicide terrorist attacks have in common is a specific secular and strategic goal: to compel modern democracies to withdraw military forces from territory that the terrorists consider to be their homeland.”
For the sake of argument, let us proceed with Mr Phillips’ reasoning and consider his survey of 1084 British Muslims which found 4% supported acts of terrorism, that’s around 40. The documentary then used this to extrapolate it to the wider Muslim community and boldly claimed that 100,000 Muslims supported terrorism. Wow. Yet, what seems to have been missed is that the survey also found 1% of the control group, representing people of all or no faith, also supported terrorism. So, obediently, I followed Mr Phillips’ methodology and extrapolated. Now, I may not be the best at maths so I called my mate Dr Phd in Mathematics to confirm the figure I reached. He couldn’t believe it either, so he called his old Professor chum and all three of us were astonished at the number; a whopping 640,000 non-Muslims supported Islamic terrorism. Now, I knew things were bad in Britain in terms political disillusionment, but 640,000 Hindus, Jews, Sikhs, Christians, agnostics, and atheists supporting Islamist terrorism?!
Phillips’ documentary would be funny if its ramifications were not so serious. Not least of all its title, ‘what Muslims really think’, which implies Muslims are liars and untrustworthy. That kind neighbour only helps you for an ulterior motive. Don’t turn your back on him or he’ll chop your head off, take your wife and daughter as sex slaves and turn your son into a suicide bomber. Jokes aside, it is precisely this kind of reckless and irresponsible reporting which gives succour to attacks on pregnant Muslim women on buses, or the murder of elderly Muslim men walking home from the mosque. Trevor Phillips should hang his head in shame. But will he?
To answer this we need to take at a look at his close friend, Mr Littlejohn – the same infamous Mr Littlejohn author of “Jolly Jihadi boys outing to Legoland”, an article about a Muslim family day out at Legoland. Mr Littlejohn wrote that when Mr Phillips had taken the chairmanship of the Equality and Human Rights Commission he had done so: “because he [Phillips] wanted to close it down.” Mr Littlejohn provides even more insight into Trevor Phillips’ mind-set. He writes, “He [Phillips] also insisted that as a black man, he could say things about race that people like me couldn’t — at least, not without being slandered as some kind of knuckle-scraping BNP troglodyte.” Interesting. I was reminded of a speech from El-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, known to some as Malcolm X, who said:
So you have two types of Negro. The old type and the new type. Most of you know the old type. When you read about him in history during slavery he was called “Uncle Tom.” He was the house Negro. And during slavery you had two Negroes. You had the house Negro and the field Negro.
The house Negro usually lived close to his master. He dressed like his master. He wore his master’s second-hand clothes. He ate food that his master left on the table. And he lived in his master’s house–probably in the basement or the attic – but he still lived in the master’s house.
So whenever that house Negro identified himself, he always identified himself in the same sense that his master identified himself. When his master said, “We have good food,” the house Negro would say, “Yes, we have plenty of good food.” “We” have plenty of good food. When the master said that “we have a fine home here,” the house Negro said, “Yes, we have a fine home here.” When the master would be sick, the house Negro identified himself so much with his master he’d say, “What’s the matter boss, we sick?” His master’s pain was his pain. And it hurt him more for his master to be sick than for him to be sick himself. When the house started burning down, that type of Negro would fight harder to put the master’s house out than the master would himself.
But then you had another Negro out in the field. The house Negro was in the minority. The masses- the field Negroes were the masses. They were in the majority. When the master got sick, they prayed that he’d die. If his house caught on fire, they’d pray for a wind to come along and fan the breeze.
If someone came to the house Negro and said, “Let’s go, let’s escape, let’s separate,” naturally that Uncle Tom would say, “Go where? What could I do without boss? Where would I live? How would I dress? Who would look out for me?” That’s the house Negro. But if you went to the field Negro and said, “Let’s go, let’s separate,” he wouldn’t even ask you where or how. He’d say, “Yes, let’s go.”
So now you have a twentieth-century-type of house Negro. A twentieth-century Uncle Tom. He’s just as much an Uncle Tom today as Uncle Tom was 100 and 200 years ago. Only he’s a modern Uncle Tom. That Uncle Tom wore a handkerchief around his head. This Uncle Tom wears a top hat. He’s sharp. He dresses just like you do. He speaks the same phraseology, the same language. He tries to speak it better than you do. He speaks with the same accents, same diction. And when you say, “your army,” he says, “our army.” He hasn’t got anybody to defend him, but anytime you say “we” he says “we.” “Our president,” “our government,” “our Senate,” “our congressmen,” “our this and our that.” And he hasn’t even got a seat in that “our” even at the end of the line.
The Channel 4 documentary also had troubling echoes with one of the darkest passages in modern European history: the Third Reich. Nazi propagandists aided the regime’s policies by publicly identifying a group for exclusion by inciting hatred against them and justifying their pariah status to the populace. This was done both crudely and subtly. Such propagandists laid the groundwork for the Nuremberg Laws which were significant anti-Jewish statutes enacted in 1935. Propaganda together with such laws were key to creating ‘the other’: a subhuman class, not worthy of mercy, equal to vermin, requiring extermination for the preservation of the wider German population. Phillips’ language is alarmingly similar. For instance, in the Times, Phillips says Muslims are ‘not like us’. It is for the reader to decide if there are parallels with Nazi propaganda and more recent British right-wing media productions and articles. For those who say I am over reacting or sensationalising, have a look at some of the comments referring to a “civil war ”. Phillips and his co-Islamophobes have created this hostile environment for anti-Muslim bigotry to thrive and gain dinner table acceptability.
One question that seems not to have been asked about the documentary is the motive. Why did he make it? I do not pretend to know Mr Phillips’ mind, but it seems to me a clue was in Anjum Anwar’s reference to school’s ethnic diversity. The proposal, it seems, is for children to be classified by the faith of their parents and for Muslim children to be compelled to attend school with children from other faiths. So there it is. The real objective: our children. David Cameron hinted at it when he spoke of the ‘struggle of our generation’. Prevent, television productions such as those from Phillips and Quilliam foundation statements are all designed to cut off Muslim children from the core tenants of the Islamic faith. The objective is to create a new generation of Muslims; those who are Muslim by name but will bear little resemblance to normative Islam as was revealed by Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā). It may take some time but, ultimately, the likely aim is to create a British revised Qur’ān to be read only in English and only in government sanctioned mosques; to have lesbian and gay Imāms leading weekly prayers; to have ḥijābs replaced by uncovering and to break fasts with a pint of ale. Paradise and Hellfire will only be allegorical and the concept of God will be reduced to humanity’s love for each other. Nothing will be sacred. Nothing will be left without ‘reformation’. I seek refuge in Allāh from all this. This is a battle for the souls of our children.
Unwittingly, Phillips’ documentary did increase the Īmān of many believers by actively confirming what Allāh (subḥānahu wa taʿālā) warns of in the noble Qur’ān:
“They want to extinguish the light of Allāh with their mouths, but Allāh refuses except to perfect His light, although the disbelievers hate it.”
Phillips said: “we have to adopt a far more muscular approach to integration than ever, replacing the failed policy of multiculturalism” echoing his old friend, Tony Blair – the multi-millionaire property magnate and mideast envoy for ‘peace’ whom some claim is a war criminal.
“And never will the Jews or the Christians approve of you until you follow their religion. Say, ‘Indeed, the guidance of Allāh is the [only] guidance.’ If you were to follow their desires after what has come to you of knowledge, you would have against Allāh no protector or helper.”
The truth is Trevor Phillips and his fellow Islamophobes do not want a multicultural Britain. Instead, they want Muslim assimilation to ‘British values’ as defined by a white supremacist agenda. In this, parallels can be drawn between Mr Phillips and Mr Trump from across the pond. Whilst the latter would like to create a policy for non-US national Muslims, Trevor Phillips, although with more intelligence and sophistication, would, it seems, like to create a two-tier British society. A society defined and divided by adherence to a particular faith: Islām. In this religious apartheid Muslims would need to accept greater governmental control, scrutiny and interference over their lives and those of their children. Their children would be brainwashed until a thoroughly colonised, disempowered mind-set is achieved. But Muslims have a choice. Those who are oppressed can choose to be so, or they can choose to stand up and collectively and individually fight for their rights. No doubt many good non-Muslims will stand up with them.
Where is the outrage to the documentary? Imagine if a similar production was made for any other minority group: “What do Blacks/Jews/ the Disabled/Gays really think”. Or imagine, if you will, the British public reaction to hearing of a similar survey conducted in a majority Muslim country in which non-Muslims were identified and separated for special attention and, thereafter, instructed to either assimilate to the wider predominant culture or accept the consequences. Oh, wait. It has happened – look at ISIS and its treatment of Christians and Yazidis.
So Mr Phillips, this is what Muslims really think or, rather, believe: We believe in Allāh and that He created me and you and everything else. We believe in the Qur’ān and that Allāh’s commands are superior to those made by man. We believe in justice, in feeding the poor, in kindness to parents, in mercy to the orphans and that true success is in Allāh’s pleasure and disaster is in His wrath. We believe in Gardens of Eternal Bliss for those who please Allāh and a Hellfire that will never relent for the criminals. We recognise we live in Britain where the vast majority are not Muslim and do not want Islamic Law and we respect that. We stand up for their right to choose how they want to live as much as we will robustly defend our right to live our lives as we choose.
We are a proud, strong, noble nation and we will never abandon our faith, gripping to it with our molar teeth, if need be. To my brothers busting the fistful beard – walk tall, be proud. You are from the grandsons of Bilāl and ʿAlī. To my brave sisters rocking the niqāb – you are beautiful in the sight of Allāh; what can be more precious than that? To those calling for the annihilation of Muslims – can you hear it? The whisper gathering voice; a slow hum, rising to crescendo: “Allāhu Akbar”.
“Dying to Win: Why suicide terrorists do it”, Professor Robert A. Pape
Al-Qur’ān, 9:32
Al-Qur’ān, 2:120 | <urn:uuid:51275679-03d5-4287-89e2-4798edeead3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.islam21c.com/politics/a-battle-for-the-souls-of-our-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.969592 | 3,241 | 1.710938 | 2 |
class %Net.FtpSession extends %Library.RegisteredObjectThe %Net.FtpSession class provides a way of interacting with a FTP server so you can send/receive files, get a list of the files on the server, rename files, delete files, etc.
All the methods will return a boolean that is true if the method succeeded and false if it failed. They will also set the two properties ReturnCode and ReturnMessage with information from the ftp server you are connected to. This often contains useful information if a method fails. You should at the very least check the return value from each of the methods after every call.
Once you have created an object of this class you need to login to the server you wish to communicate with before you can do anything else, this is done with the Connect() method. You can tell if you are connected to a server by looking at the property Connected.
If an ftp server at 'TestMachine' had a binary file called 'test.exe' in the root ftp directory then the following example will pull this file into InterSystems IRIS.
Set ftp=##class(%Net.FtpSession).%New() If 'ftp.Connect("TestMachine","ftp","[email protected]") Write "Not connected",! Quit Write "Ftp server messsage:",!,ftp.ReturnMessage,! Set stream=##class(%GlobalCharacterStream).%New() If 'ftp.Binary() Write "Can not swap to binary mode",! Quit Write "Mode now: ",ftp.Type,! If 'ftp.Retrieve("test.exe",stream) Write "Failed to get file",! Quit Write "Length of file received: ",stream.Size,! If 'ftp.Logout() Write "Failed to logout",! Quit
property AutoDetectPrivate as %Integer [ InitialExpression = 1 ];
When using PASV mode (see UsePASV) the remote server supplies the IP address and port to connect to. On misconfigured servers it is possible this may report a private IP address when we are connecting to it from a public IP address so the PASV connection fails. We automatically detect this and use the initial IP address we had connected to in this case, but if you set this property =0 it turns this detection off. If this property is 2 then we never use the PASV supplied server IP and always use the original server address.
Property methods: AutoDetectPrivateDisplayToLogical(), AutoDetectPrivateGet(), AutoDetectPrivateIsValid(), AutoDetectPrivateLogicalToDisplay(), AutoDetectPrivateNormalize(), AutoDetectPrivateSet()
property Callback as %Net.FtpCallback;
The Callback property is designed to allow user code in the class %Net.FtpCallback to be called at regular intervals during an ftp Store() or Retrieve(). This can display the progress of the ftp operation to the user and could allow the user to abort the transfer.
Property methods: CallbackGet(), CallbackGetSwizzled(), CallbackIsValid(), CallbackNewObject(), CallbackSet()
property CommandTranslateTable as %String;
The translate table to use for the command channel, specifically for the filename/pathnames. Normally this should not be specified in which case if the ftp server supports UTF-8 then we will use that for the filename/pathnames, if the server does not support UTF-8 then we will use RAW mode and just read the bytes as sent.
Property methods: CommandTranslateTableDisplayToLogical(), CommandTranslateTableGet(), CommandTranslateTableIsValid(), CommandTranslateTableLogicalToDisplay(), CommandTranslateTableLogicalToOdbc(), CommandTranslateTableNormalize(), CommandTranslateTableSet()
property Connected as %Boolean [ InitialExpression = 0 ];
True if we are currently connected to an ftp server and false if not.
Property methods: ConnectedDisplayToLogical(), ConnectedGet(), ConnectedIsValid(), ConnectedLogicalToDisplay(), ConnectedNormalize(), ConnectedSet()
property IsIPV6 as %Boolean [ InitialExpression = 0 ];
True if the connection is IPV6 protocol.
Property methods: IsIPV6DisplayToLogical(), IsIPV6Get(), IsIPV6IsValid(), IsIPV6LogicalToDisplay(), IsIPV6Normalize(), IsIPV6Set()
property LegacySSL as %Boolean [ InitialExpression = 0 ];
If true and you specify a SSLConfiguration then this class will use non-standard implied SSL on the data and command channel rather than using RFC4217. Depending on the configuration of the server you are talking to it may be needed to also send 'PBSZ 0' and 'PROT P' before you can communicate, this can be done with 'Set rc=ftp.sendCommand("PBSZ 0"),rc2=ftp.sendCommand("PROT P")'.
Property methods: LegacySSLDisplayToLogical(), LegacySSLGet(), LegacySSLIsValid(), LegacySSLLogicalToDisplay(), LegacySSLNormalize(), LegacySSLSet()
property ReturnCode as %Integer [ InitialExpression = 0 ];
ReturnCode is a the three digit number that the ftp server reponds to commands with. This can be used to determine if the command completed or if there were problems. See the rfc on ftp for more information on these codes.
Property methods: ReturnCodeDisplayToLogical(), ReturnCodeGet(), ReturnCodeIsValid(), ReturnCodeLogicalToDisplay(), ReturnCodeNormalize(), ReturnCodeSet()
property ReturnMessage as %String;
ReturnMessage is set to the text message that the ftp server responds with, this often contains useful information if a method failed, or useful information such as the text banner you get when you first login to an ftp server.
Property methods: ReturnMessageDisplayToLogical(), ReturnMessageGet(), ReturnMessageIsValid(), ReturnMessageLogicalToDisplay(), ReturnMessageLogicalToOdbc(), ReturnMessageNormalize(), ReturnMessageSet()
property SSLCheckServerIdentity as %Boolean [ InitialExpression = 0 ];
When making an SSL connection check the server identity in the server certificate matches the name of the system we are connecting to. This defaults to being off and matches based on the rules layed out in section 3.1 of RFC 2818.
Property methods: SSLCheckServerIdentityDisplayToLogical(), SSLCheckServerIdentityGet(), SSLCheckServerIdentityIsValid(), SSLCheckServerIdentityLogicalToDisplay(), SSLCheckServerIdentityNormalize(), SSLCheckServerIdentitySet()
property SSLConfiguration as %String;
The name of the activated TLS configuration to use for ftp requests. If specified then we use TLS on the FTP connection as specified in RFC4217. Both the data and the command channel will be secured with TLS after the initial connect on the command channel tells the remote server to switch to TLS mode.
Property methods: SSLConfigurationDisplayToLogical(), SSLConfigurationGet(), SSLConfigurationIsValid(), SSLConfigurationLogicalToDisplay(), SSLConfigurationLogicalToOdbc(), SSLConfigurationNormalize(), SSLConfigurationSet()
property SSLUseSessionResumption as %Boolean [ InitialExpression = 0 ];
When making the SSL connection for the data channel, reuse session parameters from the command channel. This feature requires OpenSSL v1.1.x+.
Property methods: SSLUseSessionResumptionDisplayToLogical(), SSLUseSessionResumptionGet(), SSLUseSessionResumptionIsValid(), SSLUseSessionResumptionLogicalToDisplay(), SSLUseSessionResumptionNormalize(), SSLUseSessionResumptionSet()
property ServerAddr as %String;
Server's IP address to be used in EPSV mode with IPV6 protocol.
Property methods: ServerAddrDisplayToLogical(), ServerAddrGet(), ServerAddrIsValid(), ServerAddrLogicalToDisplay(), ServerAddrLogicalToOdbc(), ServerAddrNormalize(), ServerAddrSet()
property Timeout as %Integer [ InitialExpression = 10 ];
Timeout is the amount of time to wait for a response from the ftp server before assuming that the server is not responding or the network connection is not working. The default value is 10 seconds.
Property methods: TimeoutDisplayToLogical(), TimeoutGet(), TimeoutIsValid(), TimeoutLogicalToDisplay(), TimeoutNormalize(), TimeoutSet()
property TranslateTable as %String;
The translate table to be used when reading or writing files.
Property methods: TranslateTableDisplayToLogical(), TranslateTableGet(), TranslateTableIsValid(), TranslateTableLogicalToDisplay(), TranslateTableLogicalToOdbc(), TranslateTableNormalize(), TranslateTableSet()
property Type as %String [ Calculated ];
Type returns the transfer mode the ftp server is currently set to. This can be either Ascii or Binary. The methods Ascii() and Binary() change the mode the server is currently set to.
Property methods: TypeDisplayToLogical(), TypeGet(), TypeIsValid(), TypeLogicalToDisplay(), TypeLogicalToOdbc(), TypeNormalize()
property UseExtensions as %Boolean [ InitialExpression = 0 ];
Indicates whether to use FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs. When set, the extension commands EPRT and EPSV will be used in place of the PORT and PASV commands. The default value is 0, but UseExtentions is automatically set to 1 when an IPV6 address is used. The FTP Extension commmands are useful to avoid problems using FTPS with Network Address Translation (NAT) as when traversing firewalls.
Property methods: UseExtensionsDisplayToLogical(), UseExtensionsGet(), UseExtensionsIsValid(), UseExtensionsLogicalToDisplay(), UseExtensionsNormalize(), UseExtensionsSet()
property UsePASV as %Boolean [ InitialExpression = 1 ];
Ftp connections are formed from two TCP/IP connections to the remote server, a command channel where the ftp commands are sent down and command responses are retrieved and a data channel for streaming large pieces of data. The way the data channel is connected is determined by this property. In PASV mode, the default, this ftp client asks the server where to connect for the data channel and it then initiates this connection to the remote server. If PASV mode is not used then the client tells the remote server where to connect to and the remote server initiates the data connection to this client machine. PASV mode is turned on by default because when going through a firewall having the remote ftp server initiate the data channel often does not work, but PASV mode will work in this case.
Property methods: UsePASVDisplayToLogical(), UsePASVGet(), UsePASVIsValid(), UsePASVLogicalToDisplay(), UsePASVNormalize(), UsePASVSet()
Append the data contained in Stream to the file named in Filename.
method Ascii() as %Boolean
Switch the ftp server transfer type to Ascii. This will for example convert Cr/Lf to Lf for Unix systems. When transfering text files you should use this mode. The current mode can be found by looking at the property Type.
method Binary() as %Boolean
Switch the ftp server transfer type to Binary. This will store the data in exactly the same format it is sent in. When transfering any binary files you should use this mode. The current mode can be found by looking at the property Type.
Change the user that we are logged in as. This assumes you are already connected to the ftp server at this point.
method Connect(Server As %String, Username As %String, Password As %String, Port As %Integer = 21) as %Boolean
Connect to an Ftp server. You should supply the server IP address or domain name to connect to as the Server parameter. Also most Ftp server will require a Username and a Password in order to allow you to login. To login to an anonymous Ftp server use the Username="anonymous" and the Password is your email address.
Port is an optional parameter that specifies the IP port number to connect on if it is not the standard port of 21.
Port is an optional parameter that specifies the IP port number to connect on if it is not the standard port of 21.
Delete the file Filename on the Ftp server.
method Features() as %Boolean
See which features the ftp server supports
classmethod GetDevice() as %String
Return the current directory the Ftp server is in the parameter Path that is passed by reference.
Read in the files that match the Pattern in a human readable format into Stream. The Pattern can include a path as well pattern to search for, and if no pattern is specified then it will list all the files in this directory. The information returned contains server information like the file size, permissions modification time as well as the filename. The format of this is server specific.
method Logout() as %Boolean
Logoff and disconnect from the Ftp server.
If the FTP server supports it then this will return a files modification time based on GMT as a float value in the Time output argument. Returns true if it completed correctly.
Create a new directory on the Ftp server. Path should be passed by reference and it will return the name of the directory created. The Ftp server will translate the path you give it into its own format (which may be different) and is the value returned by in Path.
Given a Path this will return an array of filenames including their path in the parameter FileArray, this parameter should be passed by reference and if not already created it will create a new %ArrayOfDataTypes. An example of its use assuming is:
New fileArray,key If 'ftp.NameList("",.fileArray) Write "Failed to get name list",! Set key="" Write "List of Files:",! For Write fileArray.GetNext(.key),! Quit:(key="")
Delete the directory passed in Path from the Ftp server.
Rename a file from OldFilename to NewFilename.
Retrieve the file specified by Filename into Stream. If Stream is not specified it will be created, in which case you should pass it by reference so it can be returned to the caller.
If a Retrieve() failed because the connection was lost this allows you to retry getting the file. So if you have got 1/2 of the original file in the first attempt for Filename you pass the Stream with this half into this method and it will start where the other transfer left off.
Set the directory on the Ftp server to Path.
method SetToParentDirectory() as %Boolean
Move to parent directory on the Ftp server.
If the FTP server supports it then this will return a files size based on the current transfer type in the Size output argument. Returns true if it completed correctly.
Return the status of the Ftp server in the Status parameter which should be passed by reference.
Store the data in Stream in the Filename on the Ftp server.
method StoreFiles(Directory As %String, Wildcards As %String, Delimiter As %String = ";") as %Boolean
Upload the files in Directory matching the set of Wildcards to the Server. Multiple Wildcards can be passed. In this case, each wildcard must be separated by the Delimiter. The default Delimiter is ";". StoreFiles() ignores subdirectories. All files will be uploaded using the current transfer mode (Type). This means that binary and ASCII files cannot be uploaded together in a single call. If mixed file types are needed, separate the upload into batches, for example:
If 'ftp.Ascii() Write "Can not swap to Ascii mode",! Quit If 'ftp.StoreFiles("/myfiles","*.txt;*.csv") Write "Failed to store text files",! Quit If 'ftp.Binary() Write "Failed to swap to Binary mode",! Quit If 'ftp.StoreFiles("/myfiles","*.bin") Write "Failed to store binary files",! Quit
Return information about the type of computer you are connected to in the by reference parameter System.
method TypeGet() as %String
Return true if this IPv4 address is a private address | <urn:uuid:612a0b84-5355-4d9f-aaac-f1823041098d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.intersystems.com/healthconnectlatest/csp/documatic/%25CSP.Documatic.cls?&LIBRARY=ENSLIB&CLASSNAME=%25Net.FtpSession | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.723435 | 3,965 | 2.34375 | 2 |
New Brunswick Public Library Service
2014 Summer Reading Club achieved record-breaking results12 November 2014
FREDERICTON (GNB) – For the fourth year in a row, the New Brunswick Public Library Service is reporting an increase in the number of books read as part of its Summer Reading Club. The club recorded a total of 291,755 books, magazines or websites read between the months of June, July and August.
“These impressive results show a keen interest in literacy among our youth,” said Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour Minister Francine Landry. “New Brunswick’s public library programs are critical to engaging children at a young age. Our government wants to build on successful long-standing programs like the Summer Reading Club to ensure New Brunswickers have access to early literacy and learning opportunities through a comprehensive literacy strategy.”
This year, the Summer Reading Club recorded the highest total of books read since 1997. In addition, the program enrolled 11,631 children, the highest total in the last decade. This included 22 children who registered through the provincial Talking Books-by-Mail Service – a library service that is available to patrons who self-identify as having a disability that prevents them from reading standard print.
As part of the program, the club creates 75 activity leader positions for student workers and provides them with valuable work experience. This past summer, activity leaders organized and held almost 3,200 activities that attracted more than 43,000 children.
“New Brunswick’s public libraries play a key role in maintaining and developing children’s literacy skills, especially during the summer months when they are not in school,” said Landry. “They also create jobs for students to gain important work experience here at home while saving for their post-secondary studies.”
Since the program’s inception in 1991, the Summer Reading Club has grown to include websites and magazines and has expanded to provide online resources, such as literacy games, for children and parents. This summer, for the first time, participants were able to register and participate online.
• New Brunswick Public Library Service: www.gnb.ca/publiclibraries | <urn:uuid:364fe780-367d-4143-9f36-e5508b1182d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/aboriginal_affairs/news/news_release.2014.11.1285.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.948601 | 464 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The Speaker of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia Maja Gojkovic opened the conference “Nuclear safety today” at the National Assembly, stressing that humanity needs to learn how to use nuclear power safely to the benefit of all concerned, adding that the aim of the conference is to contribute to a better understanding of the use of nuclear energy through cooperation with science and experts.
“With a power source as strong as nuclear energy, we have to take into consideration safety in all of its forms – technological, political, natural and human. Still, the human and political factors are crucial”, said Gojkovic adding that the nuclear energy’s inherent potential to create and destroy is so big that humanity has to improve the existing and find of create new models of cooperation and strengthen exchange and solidarity.
By passing the Law on Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security, Serbia created the conditions for a higher level of safety for the people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation, as did the ratification of a series of international conventions and successful participation in ConvEx-3 exercise which demonstrated the country’s readiness for timely action in case of nuclear accidents in neighbourhood.
State Secretary at the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development Prof. Dr Vladimir Popovic said that nuclear safety has become something of a buzzword in popular culture but people lack information or proper knowledge on the topic, which is why it is important to discuss it at the National Assembly. He added that Serbia has become the 23rd full member of CERN this year which will bring new opportunities for cooperation and development of science.
Head of the Serbian Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security Directorate Sladjan Velinov said that the state has recognized the importance of the subject matter and enabled the existence of the Directorate as an independent regulatory body for the control of radiation and nuclear activities in the country, to make sure these are conducted in a manner safe for the people and the environment.
Acting director of the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science Prof. Dr Snezana Pajovic said that nuclear energy needs to be used in a way that contributes to humanity, adding that its correct and expert use can have a positive effect in medicine, economy and other areas.
Acting director of Nuclear Facilities of Serbia PE Dalibor Arbutina informed the attending about the purpose of the public enterprise and its activities concerning, among other things, the safe management of nuclear facilities by reducing the likelihood of harmful effects and eliminating the consequences of accidents to maintain the necessary level of nuclear safety and protect the people and the environment.
The conference, held under the patronage of the Serbian Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security Directorate (SRBATOM), tackles the questions of nuclear safety, use of knowledge concerning nuclear energy and ionizing radiation for peaceful purposes and regulation and control of these activities. | <urn:uuid:4c6d1385-3fc9-41f1-b1de-0024b9e4067b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.parlament.rs/Gojkovic_Opens_Conference_Nuclear_Safety_Today.38055.537.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.942282 | 581 | 2.25 | 2 |
Posted: July 4th, 2016
Morale and Discipline: The Mind of a Leader” at: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129&xtid=48949 Discuss how strong leaders apply power, influence, advocacy, and authenticity to motivate those they lead. Not more than 500words
Place an order in 3 easy steps. Takes less than 5 mins. | <urn:uuid:c3976a23-73b2-472f-8b23-23b7eec92548> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nursing-papers.com/morale-discipline-mind-leader/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.750626 | 113 | 1.75 | 2 |
Christianity Today Book Award winner
Publishers Weekly's best books
It is not enough to condemn culture. Nor is it sufficient merely to critique culture or to copy culture. Most of the time, we just consume culture. But the only way to change culture is to create culture.
Andy Crouch unleashes a stirring manifesto calling Christians to be culture makers. For too long, Christians have had an insufficient view of culture and have waged misguided "culture wars." But we must reclaim the cultural mandate to be the creative cultivators that God designed us to be. Culture is what we make of the world, both in creating cultural artifacts as well as in making sense of the world around us. By making chairs and omelets, languages and laws, we participate in the good work of culture making.
Crouch unpacks the complexities of how culture works and gives us tools for cultivating and creating culture. He navigates the dynamics of cultural change and probes the role and efficacy of our various cultural gestures and postures. Keen biblical exposition demonstrates that creating culture is central to the whole scriptural narrative, the ministry of Jesus and the call to the church. He guards against naive assumptions about "changing the world," but points us to hopeful examples from church history and contemporary society of how culture is made and shaped. Ultimately, our culture making is done in partnership with God's own making and transforming of culture.
A model of his premise, this landmark book is sure to be a rallying cry for a new generation of culturally creative Christians. Discover your calling and join the culture makers.
"Culture Making is one of the few books taking the discussion about Christianity and culture to a new level. It is a rare mix of the theoretical and the practical, its definitions are nuanced but not abstract, and it strikes all kinds of fine balances. I highly recommend it."
"Good books are either brilliant or helpful, but the best books are both--and Andy Crouch has attained that rare combination of virtues in Culture Making. As a Christian, as a parent and as an organizational leader, I would like to make a difference in the world. Crouch not only helps me understand where that yearning comes from, but how to pursue it with passion, commitment, power and spiritual health. Culture Making is a joyful gift of intelligence and practical provocation for thoughtful Christians."
"A deep and thoughtful reminder that the resurrection of Jesus empowers us to cultivate the garden, to build in the ruins of our world, and to create within and around us cultures of life."
"Andy Crouch's book is thoughtful, stimulating and challenging."
"In this marvelous book Andy Crouch makes the case for cultural discipleship by giving us an exciting overview of the drama of creation, fallenness and renewal. And along the way he offers much wisdom about the very real cultural realities that we face as twenty-first-century Christians."
"This is not a good book, because it provokes and prods, incites and inspires. It takes you on an uncomfortable journey, defying the status quo and questioning accepted perspectives. It offers a fresh voice with trenchant thinking, forcing you to blow the dust off the mantle of your own settled proclivities. It resonates deeply within you, even on those points you may question. It addresses the heart of the challenge of our day. No, this is not a good book. It is a great one."
"Grappling with 'the culture' has become an obsession for contemporary Christians, but a misunderstanding of what cultures are and how they behave results in a great deal of frustration. Andy Crouch's Culture Making draws on both his broad experience and originality of insight to offer a bracing and clear-eyed view of the way forward."
"Culture Making is a book that's been needed for decades, but it arrives at just the right moment. People of faith--now poised to use their influence--have much to contribute to the common good as creators and advocates, not just as critics and judges. But that requires careful thought and clear insight, both of which are abundantly found in this profound and practical book. Andy Crouch has long had a knack for observing the culture around us and then showing us how we can make it better. With Culture Making, Crouch offers all that and more. Anyone who cares for the renewal of our culture must read this book!"
"In Culture Making, Andy Crouch has given us a vision for creativity that is not reserved for the practitioners of high art, but that reveals the dignity of the most ordinary sorts of cultural creation. It is a transformative vision that inspires to action and--in the face of the almost inevitable failures--perseverance. In the end, cultural creativity is not a gift we own, exercise and grow anxious over, but one that we receive and nurture--and through which we come to know grace."
"In this graceful, articulate volume Crouch challenges Christian common wisdom about creation and challenges as well our traditional understandings about the Revelation to John and how it articulates with the rest of Holy Writ. As refreshing as it is smart, Culture Making is a significant addition to contemporary Christian thought."
"As an artist and an advocate for artists, I am grateful for this book. Andy Crouch's edifying analysis of culture and the church and his timely call for us to be culture makers make this work invaluable in today's faith journey. This is a groundbreaking guidebook for all who are concerned about cultural issues and the church."
"Andy Crouch's Culture Making models what it argues: that a kingdom imagination that takes our richly enculturated lives seriously shows grace to be real, immanent and compelling. Surely this vocation must be central to God's call!"
"American evangelicals in the last hundred years have found it easy to condemn culture, critique culture, copy culture and consume culture. It has been much harder for them to actively and imaginatively create culture. Andy Crouch is out to change that. I confess I doubt whether they can rise to the challenge. But I am persuaded by Crouch's case that the Christian calling requires it. Here is a voice worth taking very seriously."
"Are Christians to be countercultural? Or protect ourselves from 'the culture'? Or be 'in' culture but not 'of' it? In this bracing, super-smart book, Andy Crouch changes the terms of the conversation, calling Christians to make culture. I am hard-pressed to think of something that twenty-first-century American Christians need to read more."
"Very readable and thought-provoking."
"This book will clarify your thinking, inspire your production, and affirm your parenting."
"Simply the best book that I've read recently. Not only is it brilliant, it's accessible. I cannot gush about this book enough. It really is that good."
"Theologically rich and practically helpful, Culture Making is a significant contribution to the discussion of Christ and culture and a useful guide for those who want to make something of the world God has created."
"Thoughtful and engaging. . . . Crouch's book does signal a hopeful development, which is that the evangelical pursuit of culture warfare was and is a dead end."
"Crouch writes as one who cares what Christians do with their time in light of God's Kingdom coming."
"Culture Making is a fresh and relevant take on how Christians should relate to the wider culture. This book will serve to make us more effective interpreters of and contributors to the cultural landscape."
"As an academic and a culture critic, I am not given to gushing over new publications. But Culture Making brought me pretty close to doing just such a non-scholarly thing! With so much coming out these days on religion and culture, one becomes a bit jaded about the possibility of something really fresh emerging. Well, this book is fresh, compelling, and engagingly written. More important, it goes deeply into its subject."
"Crouch's voice is intriguing and fresh--offering an alternative that escapes the many 'Jesus-stamped' merchandise items as an evangelical tool and implementing a fresh vision for creativity and engaging cultural lifestyles."
"Good introduction to how Christians need to do more than fatalistically talk about the dangers of the world."
"Culture Making is an enjoyable and fascinating book that helps demystify the idea of culture."
"This is a must-read book for those who are tired of talking and ready for action. The author sets the scene and tells the story of culture, then rapidly sweeps the reader into this story, finishing with a heart-stopping, imagination-grabbing challenge to go and make something of the world."
"If people tell me that something is a must-read, I tend to be a bit skeptical. That said, I was pleasantly blown-away by Crouch's book. I loved the approach of talking about 'postures' and 'gestures' toward culture. One last thing to praise was the chaste humility of the book. All to say, Culture Making probably is one of those rare must-read books that comes along every so often. A book of rare learning, helpful and accessible synthesis, and godly humility, it might actually change the evangelical culture on how to make and engage culture. If so, all I can say is thanks be to God."
"With all the books on the market about the intersection of faith and culture, you have to wonder why we need another one. The answer is simple: it's unlikely that any other book out there accomplishes what Culture Making does, and certainly not in the way that Andy Crouch does. Substantial content, beautifully expressed. Highly recommended."
"Andy Crouch, long a culture influence through film, writing, music and service, points Christians to a new, deeper understanding of their calling in culture. Readers will be profoundly impacted by this book written by one of today's top voices on the subject."
"Those who have struggled with the sacred-secular dichotomy will find this book life-giving; every Christian interested in changing culture should read it."
"Crouch works through the Bible's narrative arc to show the hand of God in the development of culture and makes the case that Christians must be producers, not just critics, of culture in order to create societal good."
Preface to the Paperback Edition
Part 1: Culture
1. The Horizons of the Possible
2. Cultural Worlds
3. Teardowns, Technology and Change
4. Cultivation and Creation
5. Gestures and Postures
Part 2: Gospel
6. The Garden and the City
Interlude: The Primordial Story
7. The Least of the Nations
8. Jesus as Culture Maker
9. From Pentecost . . .
10. . . . To Revelation
11. The Glorious Impossible
Part 3: Calling
12. Why We Can't Change the World
13. The Traces of God
Postscript: Artist in His Studio
Notes and Further Reading
About Andy Crouch | <urn:uuid:b31dc4ae-ce14-4c57-9acb-b7551128b4b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ivpress.com/culture-making | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.944361 | 2,311 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Gratitude is such an important value and I am so grateful to see this as a focus in our community. I have been so impressed with Orange County parents and their commitment to helping their sons and daughters reach their full potential.
The one major fall out from wanting to give our children everything they need to be productive members of society is entitlement issues. Gratitude is the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness. Entitlement is the feeling or belief that you deserve to be given something. Many of the children, adolescents and young adults that I work with believe that their parents should give them everything they want without them having to work for it themselves. When they get what they want they do not express any appreciation towards their parents or return any kindness, they just usually demand more.
Some ideas that could help instill gratitude and avoid entitlement include:
- Role model gratitude. It is much more influential when you demonstrate the behaviors you would like to see. So if you are guilty of getting a new car and are already talking about wanting to buy next year’s model don’t be surprised when your child does the same.
- Express Appreciation. Actively express appreciation to the people who support you and encourage your children to do the same. There are a lot of teachers, coaches, and other mentors that would love to receive a note letting them know what a difference they have made in your child’s life.
- Daily gratitude ritual. Make it a family tradition to share what you are grateful for daily. A good time to do this is when you are eating together as a family. Another option is to keep a gratitude journal.
- Being of service. As a family, volunteer regularly in the community and help out people less fortunate than you. Have discussions about the experience, encouraging compassion and kindness towards others, while reflecting on your own blessings.
- Hard work. Have your children do extra work around the house to help buy the newest electronic gadget or latest accessory. They will appreciate this item so much more when they have earned it!
Agreeing to a family spending cap for the holidays could also help change the focus of the holidays from being about expensive gifts to focusing on spending quality time together. | <urn:uuid:73bc539d-5e45-4415-ba72-a0be6faab0fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lisaliptonlmft.com/articles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.967042 | 468 | 2.921875 | 3 |
[Previously by Boethius: Obama's Contempt For Ordinary Whites—And McCain's Inability To Defend Them]
That California is in deep financial trouble is no secret. Also no secret (at least while Lou Dobbs was on the air) is that a major source of the trouble is the swollen population of low-income Hispanics who pay no income taxes while needing more social services than the working-class Americans they displaced.
However, there is more to California's fiscal nightmare than a mismatch of falling taxes and rising needs. There is also the staggering cost of salaries, benefits, and pensions for California's unionized public employees, exposed by California journalist Steve Greenhut in a City Journal essay entitled Plundering California [November 23, 2009]and in Plunder!, the book-length version.
According to Greenhut, there is no amount of taxes that will bring solvency to a State where the average pay and benefits package of a firefighter is $175,000, where it takes years to remove terminated teachers from the State payroll, and where 80% of police chiefs retire on "disability".
What has this to do with South Africa? Well, there are many myths about South Africa, one being that the white Afrikaner population, descended as they were from the courageous Dutch Voortrekkers, were a hardy lot of sunburned, Rugby-playing, yeomen farmers. In fact, by the end of the Apartheid era, most Afrikaners were employed by the government, dealing with the mounting security and social issues that one expects would arise in so dysfunctional a society.
While intelligent and ambitious South African whites could find their way into the highly-paid professional and managerial classes that ran the Apartheid economy, those who did not own farmland and were not destined for the upper classes had little opportunity to earn a living in the private sector, where native African labor was available at rock-bottom wages. Since it was difficult for the average South African white to emigrate, the government was truly his employer of last resort.
Dynamics similar to those that shaped South Africa in the decades preceding majority rule are today at work in California. The white workers who once filled 90% of California's private-sector jobs have been largely displaced by lower-paid immigrants from Mexico and elsewhere. African-American workers have probably suffered even more, as evidenced by a Government Accounting Office report on the use of Mexican workers to destroy the black janitorial unions in Los Angeles. (See The Rainbow Coalition Evaporates, by Stephen Malanga.)At the same time, the number of whites finding employment in the civil service, as well as the rewards for such work, have risen dramatically.
Given current trends, the only working-class whites left in California will be retirees and public employees.
This is not to say that the public sector in California has absorbed even a quarter of the private-sector workforce displaced by immigration. Even the politically-inflated payrolls described by Greenhut are not nearly large enough to absorb the displaced multitudes. However, unlike South Africans, white Californians unable to land a government job can readily emigrate—for example, to Nevada—and for the most part have done so. Since 1990 the number of Americans moving out of California has exceeded the number moving in by more than three million.
There are many curiosities here. Curiously, but not surprisingly, the left-wing public service unions, which invariably side against patriotic immigration reform, enjoy their lavish perks precisely because entry into their profession is tightly controlled and mostly closed-off to recent and especially illegal immigrants.
Also curiously, but again not surprising once you think about it: the gold-plated employment opportunities for California's civil servants have grown hand-in-hand with the growing demand for State services—especially public education, public health, and crime control—attributable to the very group that drove working-class whites from the private sector into the hands of the public service unions: immigrants, legal and illegal, from the Third World.
California's highly-paid army of teachers, nurses, policemen, firemen, welfare workers, etc. also explains a gaping hole in the "Sailer Strategy." As Steve Sailer has persuasively argued, the growth of the U.S. minority population, at least in the near term, is not a threat but an opportunity for the GOP. Republicans are generally strongest in the States (e.g. the South) where the minority population is so large that the Republican Party, whether it likes it or not, becomes perceived as the "white Party" by working-class white voters who feel threatened by affirmative action, guestworkers, gang-related crime, and the like.
But in spite of Sailer's irrefutable logic, the theory has not worked out (yet) in California. Barack Obama got a majority of the white vote in spite of the State's having the largest and most radicalized Hispanic minority in the country.
Polls show that white Americans, including white Californians, are no more enamored of illegal immigration than they are of racial quotas or gay marriage. Why then has the GOP been unable to capitalize on outrage over liberal immigration policies in the very epicenter of illegal immigration?
Gross stupidity within the California GOP's leadership is certainly part of the answer. But California's rent-seeking public service unions provide another. What is left of California's white working class is largely employed by the State and dependent on the largesse of the legislature's Democratic majority.
I do not believe that the rank and file share the radically pro-immigration politics of their union leaders. Nor do I believe that they consciously welcome the growth of the immigrant population because they calculate it increases the demand for their services. (Why worry about such things if you can't ever be fired?)
But it seems clear that their own natural inclinations on "social issues" like immigration, which should make them trend Republican, are outweighed by the pocketbook issue of keeping the gravy train on track.
Indeed, the success of the Democrats in dominating a state where they routinely act against the interest of the white working class may point the way to the "anti-Sailer Strategy"—a "California Strategy" if you will—in which permanent political domination by liberal Democrats is founded upon an "iron triangle" of special interests comprising
(2) Immigrants who cannot resist the liberal Democratic package of welfare for the working class and affirmative action for the middle class;
(3) Coddled public service unions led by radicals and populated by working class whites who have in effect been bribed into going along with an agenda set by folks who despise them.
The main impediment to widespread imitation of the California strategy is, well, the example of California. Sounds good in theory, but who can afford it?
For Western opponents of Apartheid, the stereotypical South African was wealthy businessman engaged in suppression and exploitation of poor Blacks. But for most South Africans, the daily reality was clinging to one's position in an overstaffed, overpaid, predominantly white government workforce engaged in managing the social consequences of an economy constructed on the backs of low-wage nonwhite labor.
How much of this saga will be replayed in the Golden State?
Boethius [Email him] works in the business world, where any friend of VDARE.com is advised not to admit it. If you want to know how much trouble you can get into by offending the orthodoxies of the day, read The Consolation Of Philosophy. | <urn:uuid:e6f4d854-ee97-4974-8300-c779c9a790fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vdare.us/articles/california-south-africa-revisited | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.960733 | 1,554 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Best Home remedies for Nappy Rash
Nappy rash is a common thing that affects most babies at some stage, and it can be uncomfortable and sore. Here are our favorite home remedies to treat nappy rash and soothe your baby's bottom.
Oatmeal is a tried and tested remedy for diaper rash in babies. It provides relief from the pain. The high amount of protein in oatmeal soothes a baby’s soft skin and helps preserve the skin’s natural protective barrier.
Add a heaped tablespoon of dried oatmeal to bath water, and let your little bub soak for 10 to 15 minutes. Be gentle and do not rub as rubbing will only aggravate the condition. Do this twice a day to heal nappy rash.
Baking soda has fabulous healing properties that can help to treat nappy rash. It helps balance pH levels and removes the unwanted bacteria and fungi from the baby’s skin.
Simply add two tablespoons of baking soda to a bath of warm water. Bathe your baby in the water for 10 minutes, three times a day, and make sure to pat the baby’s skin dry after bathing.
Diaper rashes are partly caused by moist conditions, so it's important to make sure your baby's bottom is as dry as possible. Cornstarch is great at absorbing moisture. Once you've cleaned your baby, carefully apply some of the powder to their bottom. Put on a clean diaper as normal. *** Just be sure to keep cornstarch (or any powder) away from little lungs.
Coconut oiI has anti-fungal and anti-microbial properties, and can be used to treat nappy rash. It can also have a soothing and healing effect on the baby’s soft skin. Wash your baby’s bottom with warm water and dry it using a soft towel. Next, take half a tablespoon of coconut oil and apply it on the affected area after washing your baby’s bottom. Coconut oil can also treat yeast diaper rash effectively.
Breast milk is the best (and cheapest) way to cure diaper rash. It helps to fight infection and soothe the skin, and there is no risk of an allergic reaction that could worsen the rash. For best results put on fresh diapers once you have tried this remedy.
Plain yoghurt (that means no added sugar or cornstarch) can be used to treat diaper rashes and inflammation. Apply a thick layer of the yoghurt on the rash-affected area, and the rashes will disappear within a couple of days. You can use plain yoghurt just how you’d use diaper rash cream. Use room-temperature yoghurt on the affected area then put on a diaper.
If your baby’s diaper rashes accompany severe inflammation, then you should use aloe vera gel. You can either use fresh aloe vera gel or bottled version – both are natural and would provide relief to your baby.
Epsom salt is known for its high magnesium content and anti-inflammatory properties. Mix half a cup of Epsom salt in warm bath water and let your baby soak in it for 10-15 minutes. Follow it up with a bathing session and repeat this two to three times a week to keep the problem of diaper rash at bay.
Make your own diaper rash cream
Make your own natural diaper cream, such as the protective barrier balm found on the Mommypotamus blog. The balm combines olive oil, shea butter, coconut oil (an antifungal that can tackle yeast diaper rash) and zinc oxide. In between diaper changes, store your homemade diaper rash cream in the refrigerator. Before applying the cream to your baby, warm it up by rubbing it between your hands first.
Keep Diapers Clean
Diaper rash usually stem from moist diapers. So after bathing your baby or cleaning his diaper area (and before putting on a new diaper), make sure you pat dry his bottom. Also, use a mild soap while bathing him and clean his diaper area well (do not scrub!). Remember to change diapers often and do not use alcohol-based wipes.
**** Please note: The above home remedies are not medical advice and should be used at your own discretion. | <urn:uuid:ba2471a4-6db4-494d-b568-e3cb77be45c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://4akid.co.za/blogs/parenting-advice/best-home-remedies-for-nappy-rash | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.92773 | 946 | 1.617188 | 2 |
‘King Tides’ hitting coast
LOS ANGELES - A series of exceptionally high tides began all along the California coast Tuesday, bringing the possibility of minor flooding to low-lying areas including bay fronts, beach parking lots, coastal roads and marinas.
The National Weather Service issued flood advisories for the so-called King Tides for portions of the coast from Point Reyes National Seashore north of San Francisco south to San Diego through Friday.
In Los Angeles County, for example, Santa Monica was predicted to have high tides of 7.8 feet Wednesday and Thursday morning. Other locations were to exceed 8 feet.
The King Tides occur when the sun, Earth and moon align during new and full moons, and the moon is at perigee — closest to the Earth in its monthly orbit. They are usually only a minor problem unless high surf piggybacks on top of the high tides to send water surging, potentially damaging piers or shoreline homes.
Coastal authorities and organizations sought to use the Thanksgiving week tides to demonstrate the effects of predicted sea level rise as a result of climate change.
“The extremes of today will be the averages of the future,” Charles Lester, executive director of the California Coastal Commission, said in a statement. “Sea level rise will fundamentally challenge our ways of living and building along the coastline.”
The California King Tides Project, a group of state and federal agencies and non-profit organizations, urged people to watch and document the tides and any flooding in organized “coffee and King Tides breaks” from San Francisco’s Embarcadero to Belmont Shore in Long Beach. | <urn:uuid:08d4a968-62e5-4347-8c28-400b3e29644c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.visaliatimesdelta.com/story/news/2015/11/24/king-tides-hitting-coast/76338378/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.926159 | 345 | 2.703125 | 3 |
ProLife Vitamin C effervescent tablets, 102g food supplement with sweetener. + Zinc, souls, and vitamin D3. With lemon flavor. Vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc contribute to the normal functioning of the immune system. Selenium helps protect the cells from oxidative rhinestones. Ingredients: Acidifier: Citric acid; Acid regulator: sodium carbonate; Vitamin C, inulin, corn starch, sweetener: cyclamate; Flavors, zinc gluconate, sweeteners: saccharin; Vitamin D, dyes: riboflavin-5-phosphate; Sodium selenate. Legal information: The recommended daily intake must not be exceeded. Dietary supplements are not a substitute for a balanced and varied diet and a healthy lifestyle. allergies.
Vitamin C has a generally beneficial effect on the human body, normalizes the nervous system, strengthens the immune system, and stimulates the endocrine system.
Biotin plays an important role in the metabolism of the body, normalizes the growth function of the body, regulates blood sugar, and keeps the skin healthy.
Vitamin E helps to improve the condition of the skin, nails, and hair and protects the skin from drying out and premature aging.
Folic acid promotes the rejuvenation and growth of body cells.
A convenient tube with instant vitamins allows for a minimum time to prepare a healthy and effervescent drink.
Prolife Multivitamin vitamins should be taken as a dietary supplement, one tablet per day, previously dissolved in a glass with 250 ml of water. | <urn:uuid:d7b1968d-f6db-406c-bf4c-c5045a769538> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medicshore.com/product/effervescent-vitamin-c-with-zinc-selenium-vitamin-d/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.809911 | 330 | 1.539063 | 2 |
There’s no one way to do things.
That reminder extends to investing in real estate. Some investors get started in real estate accidentally. They inherit a home or they move out of the place they’re living in and instead of selling it, they wisely decide to rent it out.
Other investors are more strategic. They have a plan in place for acquiring properties, and they stick to the plan acquisition by acquisition.
There are a variety of ways to buy investment property. Unless they’re paying in cash, most buyers will get a loan from a bank or other financial institution. Others will use the leverage in their growing portfolios to increase what they can borrow and buy.
There are also 1031 exchanges which can help you buy real estate and defer taxes.
We’re exploring how to buy and why you should buy more than once in today’s blog.
Borrowing to Buy: How to Finance an Investment Property
Two important things you need to know if you’re going to buy property through lenders: First, you have to find investor-friendly lending institutions. Second, there’s a limit to how many loans you can take, and that limit right now is 10. The number is set by Fannie Mae.
Most banks will only approve up to four loans per borrower, and those are going to be your larger financial institutions. If you really want to buy 10 investment properties with 10 different loans, you’ll have to do some serious research.
To qualify for a loan, you’ll need cash for a down payment and an acceptable credit history. If you have a mortgage on the home you’re currently living in for example, lenders will want to know you can cover that plus the mortgage on your rental property.
How to Perform a 1031 Exchange
With a 1031 exchange, investors can sell one income-producing property and use the proceeds from that sale to buy another property or a series of properties that are similar. So, you can sell your $400,000 rental home and instead of paying capital gains taxes on the profits you’ve earned, you can invest those profits into another property or two properties. This is a great way to build your portfolio, add to your inventory, and save on taxes.
Specific steps need to be taken when you want to buy property with a 1031 exchange. First, you’ll want to make sure you qualify. The 1031 exchange is for investment properties. You cannot sell the home you’ve been renting out for a decade and then reinvest the money on a property you plan to occupy.
There’s a requirement that you exchange with a like property or properties. This doesn’t mean you have to sell one condo unit and buy another condo unit. The new property you choose simply has to be an income-producing investment just like the one you’re selling. The new property must also have a value that is the same or higher than the original property. If you walk away from the exchange with any profit, you’ll be liable for the tax.
1031 Exchange Timelines and Intermediaries
Pay strict attention to the timelines or you’ll throw yourself out of compliance. You’ll need to identify a replacement property within 45 days of selling your original property. Then, you have 180 days to close on the new sale. The entire exchange must take place within the 180 days (meaning you don’t have 45 days plus 180 days – the clock does not reset).
Talk to your property managers about a referral to an intermediary because it’s also important that you use a professional arbitrator for this transaction. You cannot take any of the cash from the sale of your property. The intermediary will hold your funds until they can be reinvested in your new purchase.
If you want to buy rental properties buy you’re still not sure how to make it work, we can help. Contact us at Assured Management, Lakewood property management experts serving residential landlords in West Denver and the surrounding areas, including Littleton, Golden, Wheat Ridge, Arvada, and more. | <urn:uuid:5d766dec-3109-43b8-9693-f7478714cfee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.assuredrpm.com/blog/different-ways-to-buy-investment-property | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.941561 | 856 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Scotus abortion ruling leaves many uncertain of what’s next
COLUMBUS, Miss. (WCBI)- Groups continue to advocate for women’s right to safe healthcare.
Here at home, there are emotions of both fear and joy.
And what most citizens across the country are wondering, what’s next?
” One of our fundamental rights have been stripped from us by the U.S Supreme Court,” said Michelle Colon, the Executive Director of SHERO Mississippi.
Colon’s response follows the ruling of the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade.
And she’s not alone…
” I think if we continue to treat women as second class citizens in America, we continue people to make dangerous decisions in America. If you’re taking away access to something people seem as vital, they’re not really going to have an option,” said Alexandra Williams.
There are some women who believe there are pros and cons to abortion, like Mabel Oswalt.
“I don’t like the rights that are had when a women is able to get an abortion but I also believe if it’s life risking for the mother it could be good,” said Mabel Oswalt.
Colon says just hours after Friday’s ruling, it seemed like a domino effect across the country—Planned Parenthood cancelled abortions appointments.
So, what does the ruling mean? States now have the power to ban abortions.
” Basically we know of 26 states that have trigger laws. Mississippi is one of them that had this law in the books that when Roe was overturned they were going to ban abortion,” said Colon.
Colon said she has been contacted by at least 17 pregnant women whose appointments are cancelled this upcoming week.
” This is on the courts. This is on the anti-legislators. This is on the churches that have funded anti-abortion terrorism for the past 50 years. This is on them,” said Colon.
Colon encourages women to seek supportive resources and organizations during this time.
” I’m going to defy this law because it’s an unjust law. I will continue to help pregnant Mississippians navigate through this the abortion health-care they need and deserve, “said Colon.
The Mississippi law would penalize anyone performing or attempting to perform an abortion with a felony offense and up to ten years in prison. | <urn:uuid:965fb32a-65cd-4753-bac0-6a98b7873db7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wcbi.com/scotus-abortion-ruling-leaves-many-uncertain-of-whats-next/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.968033 | 521 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Tobacco The above main health indicators are included in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2012) web site. This isn’t the truth of hundreds of thousands in America, with out medical insurance the medicine itself is unaffordable, those on low incomes cant afford the medication and the hospitals dont wish to hear it. You can get emergency care however if you cant afford the medicine after you might be in ache and out of luck.Charity techniques exist however they’re so few and far between and you need to earn subsequent to nothing plus they dont cowl the medication you need.
The targets of CHF, as stipulated in the Community Health Fund Act of 2001 embody: (i) To mobilize financial sources from the group for provision of health care providers to its members; (ii) To present high quality and affordable health care services via sustainable monetary mechanism; and (iii) To enhance health care providers management in the communities by way of decentralization by empowering the communities in making decisions and by contributing on matters affecting their well being.
Most of the South African White Afrikaners and other Whites who share their world view, have a special take on the occasions of that Africans went through within the deadly hands of the ‘Death Squads’ Some White people didn’t even know that these ‘Death squads’ even existed or operated because they had been sitting comfortably of their areas, and received their information from TV, Apartheid radio and Newspapers.
While there are actually many extra alternatives for young, match folks to do the exhausting-slogging jobs of hauling baggage and serving, there are also jobs like all method of cooks, pursers, on-board entrepreneurs, experts in jewellery sales, shore tour managers, and plenty morethat are openings for enthusiastic mature ‘profession-changers’ or individuals wanting a change of venue for a commerce or enterprise they’ve practiced for a few years. | <urn:uuid:a97043a4-83be-400a-bf7c-96cef36542fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thefeedlot.org/beloit-health-system-will-assist-community-health-systems.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.95454 | 405 | 1.796875 | 2 |
What is WinContig?
WinContig is an easy-to-use stand-alone defragmentation tool that doesn't create any installation directories or Registry entries on your computer. Its purpose is to quick defragment files without the need to defragment the whole disk. WinContig supports FAT32 and NTFS file systems and it works with Hard Disks and SSDs.
More focus on files
Most defragmentation programs perform a general defragmentation of an entire partition. In a real-life scenario, you often want to defragment a single file or a directory, for example to improve the loading speed of a program file, or to reduce the loading time of a certain disk intensive application like a game.
WinContig has been designed specifically to meet the needs of users who focus mainly on files and folders rather than an entire disk.
Its ability to filter files by several criteria combined with its ability to be controlled via command-line switches, make WinContig the perfect tool to defragment particular files that are frequently used and continuously becoming fragmented.
WinContig is a standalone executable, and it doesn't require any installation process or additional DLLs. All the files required to run WinContig, including any settings, reside in a single folder.
Very fast and Reliable
Defragmentation and analysis processes are based on kernel-mode interface library functions. Thus, performing defragmentation process is safe and there is no risk of losing data.
Defragment single files
Specifically designed to defragment single files or entire folders without the need to defragment the whole disk.
Make WinContig function in a way that fits your needs.
Check disk integrity
Check disks for file system errors and get some useful information out of them.
Support for command-line switches
WinContig accepts a number of optional command-line switches that you can use to control how the program operates.
Remove unnecessary files
Delete temporary files before defragmentation.
WinContig is available in more than 25 languages thanks to the volunteers' contributions from all over the world.
WinContig is released as freeware and you can use it on as many Windows computers as desired for both personal and commercial use.
Integration with File Explorer
WinContig optionally allows you to analyze and/or defragment files and folders directly from the context menu of File Explorer.
Frequently Asked Questions
A list of Frequently Asked Questions about WinContig submitted by users
How safe is WinContig?
Defragmentation and analysis processes are based on Windows kernel-mode interface library functions. Thus, performing defragmentation process is safe and there is no risk of losing data, even in the event of a power loss.
Can I run WinContig from within a batch file or schedule its execution?
WinContig accepts a number of optional command-line switches that you can use to control how the program operates. This let you call WinContig from within a batch file or use Windows Task Schedule to schedule its execution.
Does WinContig use Contig by SysInternals to perform the analysis/defragmentation process?
Absolutely no. WinContig is not a GUI for Sysinternals Contig, nor Contig is embedded within WinContig.
WinContig is freeware. Can I use WinContig at work?
WinContig is released as freeware and you can use it on as many Windows computers as desired for both personal and commercial use. You don't have to register or pay anything.
However, if you find this program useful and would like to support this project, please consider making a donation.
What is the difference between Quick Defragmentation and Smart Defragmentation?
WinContig supports two different defragmentation methods. If you choose the Quick method, WinContig does look for the first amount of free space large enough to defragment a file into and uses it. Use this defragmentation method if you use tools like Windows Defrag to defragment your hard disk on a regular basis. If you choose the Smart method, WinContig does look for the amount of free space that best fits a file into and uses it. Also, if there is no free space large enough to fully defragment a file into, WinContig does try to reduce the number of fragments of that file.
My antivirus program alerts me that WinContig is infected with a virus. Is it true?
No, that's a false positive. Every file included in the distribution package is automatically tested on VirusTotal (www.virustotal.com). We put online a new release only when all files have successfully passed most of the virus scanning engines. WinContig is 100% clean.
Thank you for taking the time to send us feedback about WinContig. You can help us to focus our improvement efforts by reporting a bug or by making a suggestion or a comment. We read all feedback carefully. | <urn:uuid:b00460d8-be6c-4a40-a0e4-50a446b0df34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wincontig.mdtzone.it/en/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.917856 | 1,068 | 1.75 | 2 |
Author: Stefan Gray
Summary: The purpose of this guideline is to support local authorities in the development of a local climate change adaptation strategy. In its structure and content, the guideline draws heavily on the 2013 Guidelines on Developing Adaptation Strategies provided to European Union Member States by the European Commission (SWD(2013) 134 final), with the aim of fostering coherence between strategies developed at local and national scale.
Filesize: 2,800 KB
Ireland is vulnerable to the adverse effects impacts ofglobal climate change, which will have diverse and wideranging impacts on the environment, society, economic sectors and natural resources. These impacts are expected to increase over the coming decades. Effective actions are needed to reduce vulnerabilities to the negative impacts of climate change, take advantage of any opportunities.
The policy responses to climate change are two- fold:
1. Mitigation of emissions of the GHGs that are drivingclimate change
2. Adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change
Climate change adaptation consists of actions that respond to current and future climate change impacts. As the impacts of climate change vary spatially, adaptation requires locally specific, place-based responses, which address climate impacts but also integrate coherently with the local fabric of social, economic and ecological systems. High-level adaptation policy is typically developed by central government but local differences make adaptation decision-making the concern of regional and local scale administrators, businesses and public.
It is beyond doubt that the impacts of climate change are already being experienced across Ireland and around its coast. The challenge now is to provide local level decision makers with the knowledge, tools, know- how and capacity required to develop and implement adaptation strategies which will be resilient to the impacts of climate change. The research report provides a set of Local Authority Adaptation Strategy Development Guidelines which will support Local Authorities in the development of a local climate change adaptation strategy. In its structure and content, the guideline draws heavily on the 2013 ‘Guidelines on developing adaptation strategies’ provided to EU Member States by the European Commission with the aim of fostering coherence between strategies developed at local and national scale.
The key components from these guidelines will assist in the development of coherent and rational decision making based on an adaptive management planning cycle, namely by:
• Outlining the initial steps required in launching a strategy development process, describing key roles and who can fulfil them, and setting out important factors to consider at the early stages of strategy development
• Explaining how to assess the role that weather extremes and climatic trends currently play within the local jurisdiction, and describes why doing so is a fundamental element of working toward a more climate resilient future
• Identifying future climate risks, describing a staged risk assessment process and positioning the adaptation strategy within more detailed risk assessments undertaken during shorter term decision making processes such as statutory plan-making
• Describing the types of adaptation options that areavailable to address the risks identified in the previouschapter, and outlines how each might be assessed and prioritised for implementation
• Outlining the steps required to move from a phase of planning to one of implementation, and explaining the importance of monitoring and evaluation in ensuring the strategy is achieving its anticipated adaptation outcomes
The research provides Ireland with a set of local authorityadaptation strategy development guidelines, which will build capacity at the local level for effective climate change decision making.https://www.epa.ie/media/epa-2020/publications/research/EPA_164_DLC.jpg | <urn:uuid:21d1e7da-1ae3-4848-a8d3-9dc65a2d7549> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/climate-change/research-report-164---local-authority-adaptation-strategy-development-guideline.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.912336 | 731 | 2.84375 | 3 |
God teaches people through suffering
and uses distress to open their eyes.
(Job 36:15; GNT).
1. You teach, and train, and test us all
By sending good and ill –
2. We only hurt ourselves, Lord,
When we fight against your will.
3. May we accept our suffering
With joy, and thanks, and prayer,
4. Trusting you to help us grow in love,
Through all we bear.
1. The Lord your God is testing you to see if you truly love him with all your heart and soul (Deuteronomy 13:3; NLT).
Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that both good and ill go forth? (Lamentations 3:38; NASB95).
When times are good, be happy; but when times are bad, consider this: God has made the one as well as the other (Ecclesiastes 7:14; NIV).
2. It is useless for you to fight against my will (Acts 26:14; NLT).
You are hurting yourself by kicking against the goads (Acts 26:14; NET).
It’s foolish to fight against me! (Acts 26:14; CEV).
Submit to God and be at peace with him (Job 22:21; NIV).
3. This is my intense suffering, but I must bear it (Jeremiah 10:19; CSB).
Always be joyful. Never stop praying. Be thankful in all circumstances (1 Thessalonians 5:16-18; NLT).
4. Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God (2 Corinthians 1:3-4; NIV). | <urn:uuid:6eb5019b-dc23-4966-9031-082d8a121134> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ruthkirk.org/2022/04/21/suffering-14/?replytocom=4924 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.931498 | 409 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Notch signalling is a highly conserved transduction pathway that plays a pivotal role in cell differentiation and fate during development. Notch receptors on one cell interact with transmembrane signals in another cell, and through a cascade of events, certain target genes become activated. Accumulating evidence shows that Notch signalling deregulation is implicated in various diseases ranging from leukaemia to breast cancer and vascular disease. The EU-funded NOTCHIT (Notch signaling in development and pathology) project set out to develop state-of-the-art molecular tools to study Notch signalling. The long-term aim was to utilise the pathway to direct stem cell differentiation and to correct aberrant Notch signalling in different pathologies. The consortium recruited young and experienced researchers and established a European network that offered a training program and inter-laboratory visits. Researchers worked in various scientific projects ranging from basic science to the use of pharmacological interventions to control Notch signalling. NOTCHIT researchers identified novel Notch-related molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in haematopoiesis, brain development, heart and muscle. Their experiments provided novel insight into the role of deregulated Notch signalling in stroke, breast cancer and leukaemia. Furthermore, the results obtained from different experimental models were used to design novel therapeutic approaches. Collectively, the project generated fundamental knowledge into the Notch pathway and increased the understanding of pathophysiology of several diseases. Major emphasis was given to the translational nature of the obtained information towards new therapeutic approaches.
Notch signalling, cell differentiation, development, leukaemia, stroke | <urn:uuid:02c75775-bfa8-443b-9baf-03683db1a7c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/88475-unravelling-the-role-of-notch-signalling-in-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.930571 | 327 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Engineering management is a specialised career that brings together the technological problem-solving ability of engineering and the administrative, organisational and planning abilities of management in order to oversee the operational performance of complex engineering driven projects, personnel and initiatives.
Engineering management is critical in the delivery of technical products and services.
This course combines process performance with strategic business analysis to deliver an in-depth understanding of operational issues in relation to engineering industries.
As well as a team industry project, the scope of the course includes: continuous process improvement; quality and lean six sigma techniques; production planning; and performance measurement content.
Normally a first-class or second-class honours degree (or international equivalent) in a relevant engineering, technology, science or business-related discipline
Faculty of Engineering
Design, Manufacture and Engineering Management | <urn:uuid:8a580538-858f-4d0a-a883-1eb8df4d8986> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.planitplus.net/Courses/View/18838/5/49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.923203 | 189 | 1.742188 | 2 |
What Does a Resistor Do?
Updated · Aug 05, 2022
Resistors are among the most common and essential electrical components in the world. They are widely used in various appliances and devices—from microwaves and heaters to light bulbs and mobile phones.
Even though they are a part of (almost) every electrical device in the world, most people are still oblivious to their workings.
That’s why today, you’ll get to learn all that is important to know about them. What does a resistor do, how does it work, and what is it made of?
Let’s find out!
What Is a Resistor?
A resistor is an electrical component that resists the flow of current. In other words, it opposes the passage of electrons through a circuit. This opposition is known as resistance, which is why its symbol is R.
Although resistors are passive components, they play an important role in electronic circuits. By controlling the amount of current that flows through, resistors can help to protect other parts from damage and ensure that electronic devices operate as intended.
Their value is typically measured in ohms.
What Does a Resistor Do?
A resistor’s primary purpose is to introduce resistance into a circuit, which can help control the current and voltage flow.
By controlling the flow of electricity, they can help regulate the voltage and current in a circuit. So we can say that resistors play a vital role in ensuring electronic devices operate safely and efficiently.
Another resistor function is creating different effects in a circuit, such as producing a delay or generating a sparkling sound.
By understanding how resistors work, engineers can create all sorts of amazing devices we use in our everyday lives.
Their precise control over current and voltage makes them indispensable in any circuit. What’s more, their ability to protect other components makes them essential for ensuring the reliability of any electronic system.
How Does a Resistor Work?
We’ve covered a resistor’s definition and function. Let’s see exactly how it works:
Electrical resistance measures the difficulty electrons have in flowing through a material.
Some of them, like metals, allow electrons to flow freely, which is why they make good conductors. In contrast, others, like rubber or glass, are more resistant. That’s what makes them good insulators.
In a typical electrical circuit, current flows from the positive terminal of a power source through the resistor and back to the negative terminal. As you can see, it acts like a roadblock in the circuit, forcing the current to slow down.
When choosing a resistor for a circuit, it's essential to select one with the appropriate features.
If it’s too large, it won't provide enough resistance to the current, which may result in overheating. On the other hand, if it is too small, it will create too much of it, and the current may not flow at all.
By selecting the proper size resistor in a circuit, engineers can control the amount of current flowing through and prevent damage to components.
The basic principle here is called Ohm's law, named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm. It states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied to it, provided the temperature remains constant.
The law goes like this:
I = V/R
where I is the current in amperes, V is the voltage in volts, and R is the resistance in ohms.
By varying the R-value of a resistor, the formula shows we can control the amount of current flowing through it.
How to Read Resistor Color Codes?
The bands on a resistor represent its resistance value and tolerance. This is called a “color code,” one that’s used to indicate the component’s properties.
In a four-band resistor (the most common type), the code consists of four colored bands, each representing a different number. The first two stand for the first two digits of the value, while the third indicates the multiplier.
For example, a resistor with the color code brown, black, brown, and gold would have a value of 100 ohms. To calculate it, simply take the first two digits (in this case, 10) and multiply them by the multiplier (once again, 10). This gives you a final result of 100 ohms.
When reading resistor color codes, you must also be aware of the tolerance. That’s what the fourth band represents. For example, if it’s silver, the tolerance would be +/- 10%. The actual value then could be anywhere between 90 and 110 ohms.
Finally, it's worth noting that some resistors come with fifth or sixth bands. In the five-band version, there are three significant values, a multiplier, and a tolerance. In the six-band one, the sixth represents the temperature coefficient, useful for high-precision resistors.
However, these are less common.
What Are Resistors Made Of?
Now, let's focus on what exactly resistors are made of.
You can classify these components based on their materials.
Carbon Composition (CC) Resistors
Carbon composition resistors are created by mixing carbon with a binding agent and then pressing the mixture into a solid rod. The resistance value depends on the carbon to binding agent ratio.
CC resistors are ideal for low-power applications due to their low cost and stability. However, they are also less precise than other options and tend to drift over time.
Wirewound (WW) Resistors
As the name suggests, these are made of a length of wire wrapped around a core. The most common wire material for this resistor is manganin, although others like nichrome and copper-nickel can also be used. The R-value depends on the type of wire, its length, and cross-sectional area.
Wirewound resistors work in high-power applications because they can dissipate large amounts of heat.
Metal Film (MF) Resistors
Metal film resistors are constructed by depositing a thin metal layer onto a ceramic or glass substrate. The R-value depends on the type of metal used and the thickness of the deposited layer. MF resistors are more precise and have better temperature stability than CC ones.
They are excellent options for precision applications such as audio equipment.
Thin Film (TF) Resistors
Thin film resistors are made by depositing a thin layer of metal onto a substrate, similar to MF resistors. However, this layer is much more delicate, typically only a few micrometers thick. Both the TF resistor material used and the thickness of the layer are responsible for its resistance.
They offer high precision and stability, making them ideal for critical applications, such as medical equipment.
Foil resistors are designed by sandwiching a thin layer of metal foil between two pieces of glass or ceramic. The R-value depends on the type of metal used, the thickness of the deposited layer, and the length. These are precise resistors with excellent temperature stability.
They are used in high-precision applications such as medical equipment.
Resistors are components used to control the flow of electricity in a circuit. They are made of different materials, including carbon, metal, and thin film.
The type of material used determines the component’s resistance value, precision, and stability. Their applications vary immensely, from low-power electronics to high-precision medical equipment.
So there you have it—now that you know what they do and how they work, you can start experimenting with them in your own circuits.
What is a resistor in a circuit?
Resistors are small electrical components. On a circuit board, resistors help regulate electric current flow.
What does a resistor look like?
Resistors vary in size and shape, but they all have two terminals (or leads) that allow electricity to flow through them. Their body is made of a material that resists the flow of electricity. Usually, the component’s R-value is displayed on its body.
Why do we need resistors?
First, what does a resistor do? It controls the amount of current flowing through a circuit. So why is it needed? Because it helps prevent damage to sensitive electronic components and ensures that everything works as intended. Without resistors, electronic circuits would be much less reliable and often fail.
Daniel is an Economics grad who fell in love with tech. His love for books and reading pushed him into picking up the pen - and keyboard. Also a data analyst, he's taking that leap into data science and machine learning. When not writing or studying, chances are that you'll catch him watching football or face-deep in an epic fantasy novel.
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Your email address will not be published. | <urn:uuid:73df7f0b-54c2-49d6-a300-b1b9f750ca0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techjury.net/blog/what-does-a-resistor-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.939549 | 1,856 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Lines in Unison
- Construction of line parallel to given line:
- Using ruler and compass:
Steps of construction to draw a line parallel to a given line m, through a point P, outside the line m:
- Take any point Q on m and join PQ.
- With Q as centre and convenient radius, draw an arc cutting m at R and PQ at S.
- With P as centre and the same radius, draw an arc TU cutting PQ at V; then with V as centre and radius equal to RS, draw an arc cutting TU at X.
- Join PX to draw a line n.
Now, the line n is parallel to m. [Correspo…
To view the complete topic, please | <urn:uuid:2e579a0a-3f77-46f5-9993-f972571e246f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.meritnation.com/kerala-class-7/math/mathematics-part-i/lines-in-unison/revision-notes/104_1_801_4286 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.920927 | 169 | 3.875 | 4 |
Dr. Hanaa Mutlaq, Professor of Psychology at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia appeared on Channel 1 of Saudi TV and discussed the issue of education in Saudi Arabia. Following are excerpts from her comments:
Dr. Mutlaq: Our problem is internal, our society is exploding from the inside because the education system is wrong, the perception of religion is wrong, there is extreme fear, people are afraid. They have been brainwashed, it is easy to brainwash them. We made them who they are. We have made our children easy prey for anyone who wants to brainwash them, because we have trained them to obey. A child should? This is an answer to the question how to behave with children. When he comes to ask a question, one should not give him the answer. We must say, go and find the answer. In school and at home the child is under oppression and we only teach him to listen. During his studies his mind becomes empty and it is ready to be filled with answers and nothing more. | <urn:uuid:859a6627-d5a4-4bae-a9d4-c59a023276f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.memri.org/tv/saudi-professor-hanaa-mutlaq-education-extremism-saudi-arabia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.983427 | 211 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Language Usage and Practice uses a variety of strategies within a consistent format to make practice simple and engaging for your students. Whether it’s focused practice for a new skill or extra practice for individual students, Language Usage and Practice is the ideal resource for customized practice in your classroom. The easy-to-follow format allows students to work independently, saving you time while ensuring each student gets the language support they need.
Language Usage and Practice also includes:
– Assessment—Determine the skills your students need to practice
– Unit Tests—Measure student progress and prepare students for standardized tests
– Language Terms—Introduce students to important vocabulary
– Center Activities—Worksheets can double as learning center activities to give students the opportunity to work cooperatively | <urn:uuid:6d50fa45-3a29-4fa1-bba8-cac401b0fcbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cheapjerseys91s.com/product/language-usage-practice-high/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.889957 | 155 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Background In order to compare the gene expression profiles of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and their differentiated progeny and to monitor feeder contaminations, we have examined gene expression in seven hESC lines and human fibroblast feeder cells using Illumina? bead arrays that contain probes for 24,131 transcript probes. differences in large number of samples. Background Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos, have been recognized as the most pluripotent stem cell population. Human ES cells (hESCs) can be maintained and propagated on mouse or human fibroblast feeders for extended periods in media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) [1-4] while retaining the ability to differentiate into ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm as well as trophoectoderm and germ cells. Gene expression in hESC has been investigated by a variety of techniques including massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), expressed sequence tag (EST) scan, large scale microarrays, focused cDNA microarrays, and immunocytochemistry [5-7]. Jolkinolide B manufacture Markers for hESCs that may also contribute to the “stemness” phenotype have been established and markers that distinguish ESCs from embryoid bodies (EB) have been developed. Novel stage-specific genes that distinguish between hESCs and EBs have been identified and allelic differences between ESC have begun to be recognized [8-10]. As the potential of hESCs and their derivatives for regenerative medicine is being evaluated, it has become clear that the overall state of the cells, degree of contamination and comparisons of the more than a hundred different newly derived lines will need to be performed. It will be necessary to develop methods to monitor and assess hESC and their derivatives on a routine basis. Since differentiated cells are often scattered within or at the edge of colonies and the differentiation is so subtle that morphological characteristics and even immunohistochemistry are insufficient to detect it, larger scale methods of analysis need to be developed. Our strategy was to compare a variety of different hESC lines that were derived and expanded by three different institutions (WiCell Research Institute, BresaGen, Inc., and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology), and cultured in Jolkinolide B manufacture two separate laboratories (Burnham Institute and NIA) to a baseline set of data against which cell samples can be compared. By using cells grown in different conditions we expected to be able to identify core commonalities and by comparing feeders and embryoid bodies (EB) with hESC identify measures of contamination and early markers of differentiation. Further, by comparing embryonal carcinoma cell (EC) and karyotypically variant lines with hESC, we would be able to directly assess their utility as surrogates (for quality control purposes) for hESC. We employed a pre-commercial prototype of the Illumina HumanRef-8 BeadChip , a genome-scale bead based array technology that combines the sensitivity and low cost of a focused array with the coverage of Thbd a large scale array, while requiring much smaller sample sizes than MPSS, EST scan or SAGE. We show that the Illumina bead based array correctly identified blinded duplicates as the closest related samples and readily distinguished between hESC lines, as well as between ESCs and EBs derived from them. This array allowed us to estimate the degree of feeder contamination present in the cultures. Similarities and differences between EC line NTera2 and hESC lines could be determined and verified, and the database comparisons allowed us to identify core self-renewal pathways that regulate hESC propagation. Results Multiple hESC lines can be assessed by Illumina bead array Forty-eight samples were selected from multiple laboratories and Jolkinolide B manufacture gene expression profiles were examined using a bead array Jolkinolide B manufacture containing 24,131 transcripts derived from the Human RefSeq database that included full length and splice variants. Each gene was represented by sequences containing an average of thirty beads. | <urn:uuid:e0aa8aeb-e6db-49e4-865e-8f958ab6eebb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ruerup-rente24.com/background-in-order-to-compare-the-gene-expression-profiles-of-human/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.944428 | 867 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Bozza - Image for flute (Leduc)
Images for solo Flute, Op. 38 by Eugène Bozza (1905-1991) is one of Bozza’s most famous pieces. Technically challenging, it includes flutter tonguing, extreme range, and multi-phonics.
Really enjoyable and often played in contests and representations, Images for solo Flute, Op. 38 would fit advanced level players.
Eugène Bozza won different prizes at the Conservatoire de Paris such as the First Prizes for the Violin, conducting and composition, as well as the Grand Prix de Rome. He composed several operas, chamber works and ballets among others | <urn:uuid:5fd7fed5-515c-4968-9c5c-01b6b0111622> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://syrinxmusic.com/products/bozza-image-for-flute-leduc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.963162 | 158 | 1.578125 | 2 |
“Our constitution gives Pennsylvanians the right to clean air, to pure water, and to the preservation of the natural, scenic, historic and esthetic values of the environment. We have a constitutional obligation to leave Penn’s Woods better than we found them—and today we act decisively to fulfill it.” –Governor Tom Ridge at the signing of the original Growing Greener legislation on December 15, 1999
The Beginning (1999)
The program known as Growing Greener began in 1999 when Governor Tom Ridge and legislative leaders enacted Act 68 of 1999 with overwhelming bipartisan support—the bill passed nearly unanimously in the Senate (a 49–1 vote) and unanimously in the House of Representatives. The bill created the Environmental Stewardship Fund (ESF) and committed $650 million over five years for investments in preserving farmland, conserving open space, restoring water quality, promoting outdoor recreation, and revitalizing communities.
A Dedicated Funding Source (2002)
In 2002, Governor Schweiker and the General Assembly passed legislation creating a dedicated source of revenue for the ESF by authorizing an increase in the tipping fee (the fee for dumping trash in landfills). This dedicated source generates approximately $60–65 million annually and is allocated to four state agencies for environmental restoration, land conservation, and community recreation and revitalization projects.
Growing Greener II (2005)
Governor Ed Rendell and the General Assembly, recognizing the need to accelerate the work being accomplished by Environmental Stewardship Fund investments, decided to put a $625 million bond referendum question to the voters. In the 2005 primary election, 60% of voters approved the bond, and the program known as Growing Greener II was established with the signing of Act 45. The $625 million was spread out over six years among six state agencies (see Allocation). All Growing Greener II funds have been spent or obligated.
Following the voters’ approval of the Growing Greener II bonds in 2005, the General Assembly and governor enacted legislation that contained a provision providing an option for Growing Greener II debt service to be paid out of the ESF, contrary to the normal practice of paying debt service out of general funds. In subsequent years, Governor Rendell and the General Assembly did in fact tap the ESF to pay debt service, diverting tens of millions of dollars each year from environmental conservation and restoration work that the Fund would have otherwise supported. This practice has continued under each subsequent governor.
Act 13 (2012)
In 2012, Governor Corbett and the General Assembly enacted Act 13, which created the Marcellus Shale Legacy Fund (MSLF). Act 13 established two separate streams of money to flow from the MSLF to the ESF:
- A portion of the annual revenue from impact fees charged for oil and gas drilling.*
- Annual transfers from the Oil and Gas Lease Fund (OGLF), which pass from the OGLF to the MSLF to the ESF. Act 13 called for an initial annual transfer of $20 million and $35 million thereafter.
*Act 13 established the Unconventional Gas Well Fund to which gas drilling fees under the act were directed. Act 13 appropriated the money in the Unconventional Gas Well Fund for various entities and purposes. Act 13 provided that after all these appropriations were made, 40% of remaining funds were deposited into the MSLF, with 10% of those funds appropriated to the ESF. This percentage was projected at the time to equal $30–35 million per year.
From 2012–2015, transfers from the OGLF to the ESF varied between $20 million and $35 million. But in the 2015–16 budget, the legislature limited the amount of OGLF transfer money to $20 million, where it has stayed in subsequent years. Combined with impact fee revenue (generally $6–$8 million), tipping fee revenue (generally $60–$65 million), and interest, the ESF has received $90–110 million per year in recent years. See the following MSLF annual reports and the charts below for more information about ESF revenue.
In recent years, organizations and legislators have attempted to pass legislation that would increase funding for the ESF, either by shifting the burden of the debt service payments to the General Fund (thereby freeing up money in the ESF that could be allocated to agencies) or tapping a new revenue source. So far, those efforts have been unsuccessful.
The 2019–20 fiscal year budget took $16 million from the ESF—money that would have otherwise been spent on local projects—to pay operating expenses for the Department of Environmental Protection. In addition, the $20 million transfer from the OGLF to the MSLF and then ESF was eliminated; another part of the budget allocated a one-time payment of $20 million from the personal income tax to pay the continuing debt service for the Growing Greener II bond issue. The result was a net loss of $16 million in revenue for local project funding from ESF.
See Allocation for more details about how ESF funds are allocated to state agencies. | <urn:uuid:a501426e-15d4-4681-adfe-18fb9b2c16e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://esfund.info/how-growing-greener-works/enabling-legislation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.959249 | 1,057 | 2.59375 | 3 |
CITY HALL — Carriage horses have been involved in at least 25 accidents over the last five years, including 14 reports of hit-and-runs, according to animal advocates who obtained crash records from the NYPD.
Representatives from NYCLASS and the Animal Legal Defense Fund — who sued the NYPD to acquire the data — cited the accidents in their push to ban the carriages as a form of animal cruelty during a rally on the steps of City Hall Wednesday afternoon.
"There is no number of carriage horse accidents that are acceptable," said Allie Feldman, executive director of NYCLASS. "There's no reason in 2014 we should see horses get hit by taxis."
All of the accidents occurred in the area around Central Park, according to the data. In one accident on Oct. 21, 2009, the driver of a car claimed that a horse hit his vehicle at the corner of Sixth Avenue and Central Park South. While the driver was trying to round up witnesses to the accident, he claims the carriage driver, who had a brown horse, blue carriage and a mustache, fled the scene.
On Jan. 5, 2010, a police report said a horse carriage was hit by a taxi at 60th Street and Columbus Avenue, sending the driver flying from the carriage. He was found "laying" in the street "not moving."
The horse pulling the carriage got loose and bolted down 59th Street, hitting two parked yellow cabs and possibly breaking its legs, according to the report.
Other incidents involved a child riding in a horse carriage on Nov. 23, 2009 who fell out and was "rolled over" by the wheel of the carriage. The child suffered stomach, chest and head injuries, according to the report.
The results of the cases were not immediately clear.
"Keeping carriage horses on the streets of New York isn't safe for anybody," said Chris Green, director of legislative affairs for the Animal Legal Defense Fund.
The information comes in the wake of an incident last week where a carriage horse broke free from its owner and trotted down several blocks in Hell's Kitchen with police cars in pursuit. The horse was unharmed, according to its owner.
Teamsters Local 553, the union representing horse carriage drivers, and the Horse and Carriage Association of New York City, which advocates on behalf of carriage drivers, questioned the records.
"Of the thousands of calls the NYPD responds to each year only a couple dozen have anything to do with the horse carriage industry," said Christina Hansen, a carriage driver and spokeswoman for the Horse and Carriage Association of New York City, who also examined the data.
During the five-year period in question, the horse carriages made 250,000 trips to and from Central Park and gave 1.5 million carriage rides, she said. Carriage horse accidents represent only a small number of overall vehicular accidents, the group said.
Hansen said she believes that the 14 hit-and-run incidents are just accusations and added that no drivers were charged in connection to the incidents.
"Most collisions resulted in very minor property damage, if any," she said.
The NYPD did not immediately respond to requests for comment about the incidents.
Mayor Bill de Blasio vowed to ban the horses during his first day in office. However, legislation from the City Council has not been forthcoming.
"We will introduce legislation. We will remove the carriage horses," Councilman Ydanis Rodriguez, who is chairman of the council's transportation committee, said Wednesday.
But when pressed by reporters about why he has not introduced his legislation, Rodriguez declined to comment.
"I have nothing to say," he said. | <urn:uuid:2c631963-3739-4871-aa87-a7a6ccbeabb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20141029/midtown/horse-carriages-involved-25-accidents-since-2010-nypd-reports-show/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.9736 | 748 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Emirates Team New Zealand, NZL82 Tony Rae and Grant Dalton on Coffee Grinder during a practice race against BMW Oracle Racing, USA76. View Slideshow While everyone knows doping in sports is a big no-no, the next best way to improve performance might be to concentrate on chemicals coming out of athletes, rather than going in.
By measuring hormone and other chemical levels before, during and after tough workouts, trainers can precisely tailor an athlete's regimen. For example, creatin kinase levels are high following muscle wear and tear. If levels are high following, say, a rugby match, an athlete might want to train lightly the following week to avoid injury. If levels are low, the coach can push slackers harder.
Until recently, a blood sample obtained by a pinprick was necessary to test most chemicals related to athletic performance. But scientists at HortResearch in New Zealand are developing a non-invasive and painless method. Some trainers are already using Hort's technology by measuring testosterone, cortisol and creatin kinase.
"We can have an insight inside someone's body as to what's going on, instead of making assumptions," said David Slyfield, the fitness coach for Emirates Team New Zealand, which will compete for the America's Cup in 2007.
Competitive sailing requires upper body muscle mass and strength for grinding sails quickly. During training, the New Zealand team sails six days a week, lifts weights four days a week in addition to cardiovascular work like running.
During preparation for the 2003 America's Cup, Slyfield tested his team once before workout, four times during and once after. Some results were predictable. For example, athletes who didn't eat a breakfast with lots of protein didn't perform as well as those who ate dairy or a supplement, and the data they recorded backed that up.
"(The athletes) could graphically see that evidence and change their behavior," Slyfield said.
Other results were surprising. One team member in particular couldn't seem to increase his strength despite tough workouts. Typically, workouts begin with the hardest exercises, because athletes tend to be most anabolic, or able to build muscle mass, when they're rested. But Slyfield found that this athlete's hormones got a sluggish start, making him anabolic later in the workout. So he benefited more from training that became harder as it progressed.
"That's something that I would have never have guessed as a trainer without this technology," Slyfield said.
Click here to Watch Sontra's glucose-monitoring technology in action. It could soon help elite athletes fine-tune their training regimen based on various biomarkers.
The ultimate goal is to create a portable, non-invasive, ultrasound testing device that can test athletes in real time. HortResearch plans to create a startup company devoted to integrating its technology with a device Sontra Medical developed to test glucose levels in diabetics. They expect an FDA-approved model will be available in about three years.
"Everyone in (the) U.S. knows millions of dollars are spent on sports every year," said Beth Stark, a business development leader at HortResearch. "And with the amount of money invested into a player's salary, you of course want to use any technology you can to optimized their performance."
In the meantime, athletes can tailor their training based on lab tests that HortResearch turns around in a couple days.
The company is better known for its agricultural efforts, including developing new varieties of apples and kiwi. HortResearch originally developed the sports technology because scientists wanted to study how stress affected sheep meat. To find out, they needed a non-invasive method so they could measure stress hormones without actually stressing the sheep in the process. HortResearch scientist Christian Cook, who came up with the idea, was also an athlete. He reckoned the technology could also be useful for optimizing human performance.
Not much more is known yet about how trainers of elite athletes are using the technology. Some rugby teams and other athletes are using the technology stealthily, hoping to gain a competitive edge without competitors knowing how, Stark said.
"We've worked with professional rugby teams using this technology in New Zealand and Australia, but that's about all I can say," Stark said. | <urn:uuid:5b10d3dc-3fed-45bf-a948-c03a99fbda78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wired.com/2006/02/the-opposite-of-doping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.973653 | 876 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Simply put, you feel tired because you’re growing a baby. In addition to hormonal changes, physical and emotional changes also lower your energy levels and make you feel fatigued. Some of these changes include: increased levels of estrogen and progesterone (which, by the way, acts as a natural sedative)
Is it normal to sleep a lot during pregnancy?
Actually, you may sleep more than usual during the first trimester of your pregnancy. It’s normal to feel tired as your body works to protect and nurture the developing baby. The placenta (the organ that nourishes the fetus until birth) is just forming, your body is making more blood, and your heart is pumping faster.
When during pregnancy is most tired?
Although experience with fatigue tends to vary, most women will feel more tired than usual during their pregnancy. Fatigue during pregnancy is most common during the first trimester. It tends to go away during the second trimester, but will usually return in the third trimester.
How long does tiredness last in early pregnancy?
Fatigue can begin in the very first weeks of pregnancy. Some women notice pregnancy exhaustion as early as one week after conception. While fatigue typically gets better around the start of the second trimester, it often returns in the third trimester, though like every symptom it varies from pregnancy to pregnancy.
Why am I sleeping so much all of a sudden pregnancy?
That’s because the pregnant body is working overtime to maintain the pregnancy and develop milk-producing glands in the breasts. Some pregnant women notice this fatigue even as early as one week after conception, making this one of the first noticeable signs of pregnancy.
Does baby sleep in womb when mother sleeps?
Yes. In fact, as far as we can tell, babies spend the majority of their time in the womb sleeping. Between 38 and 40 weeks gestation they’re spending almost 95 percent of their time sleeping.
Can sleeping too much harm my unborn baby?
Sleeping for more than nine hours per night, without disturbance, during pregnancy may be associated with late stillbirth, according to US researchers. Their study suggested that maternal sleep habits, including lengthy periods of sleep without waking more than once in the night, may be associated with foetal health.
What are signs you’re having a boy?
Sign you’re having a boy:
- You didn’t experience morning sickness in early pregnancy.
- Your baby’s heart rate is less than 140 beats per minute.
- You are carrying the extra weight out front.
- Your belly looks like a basketball.
- Your areolas have darkened considerably.
- You are carrying low.
How can I stop pregnancy fatigue?
As your body changes, make sleep a priority and follow these tips to combat pregnancy fatigue:
- Keep your bedroom dark, clean, and cold. …
- Take a nap. …
- Eat healthy meals and stay hydrated. …
- Keep a pregnancy journal or dream diary. …
- Avoid caffeine after lunchtime. …
- Pamper yourself. …
What can I drink for energy while pregnant?
Frances Largeman-Roth, a registered dietician and author of Feed the Belly: The Pregnant Mom’s Healthy Eating Guide, suggests drinking coconut water, or adding mint, lemon, lime or cucumber slices to your H2O for a subtle kick of flavor.
How do you know if your pregnancy is progressing well?
Feeling your baby move less often.
You can keep track of these movements in a notebook. If you notice an absence of movement or if your baby isn’t moving as much as usual over several days, call your healthcare provider to double-check everything is progressing well.
Is it OK to sleep on your right side while pregnant?
Left is best.
Right now, side sleeping is safest for your baby. Plus, it’s more comfortable for you as your abdomen grows. Is one side of the body better than the other for sleeping? Experts recommend lying on your left side.
Is sperm good for baby during pregnancy?
Semen and sperm deposited in the vagina during penetrative vaginal sex will not harm the baby. | <urn:uuid:20dd15aa-a2b4-44b7-bf40-bff0b9e1bc72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alisherwood.com/newborn/why-do-i-feel-sleepy-all-the-time-during-pregnancy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.938589 | 891 | 2.5 | 2 |
The Azusa Unified School District this week confirmed the closure of several schools and a major reorganization as the district contends with declining enrollment numbers.
At a special meeting Tuesday night, the AUSD board voted to close both Alice Ellington K-8 School and Powell Elementary School following the 2022-23 school year.
The board had also previously decided to close Gladstone High School and Center, Slauson and Foothill middle schools following the 2022-23 school year as well.
Beginning next year, both Ellington and Powell will not accept any incoming kindergarten students, while Gladstone will not accept any incoming freshmen.
Meanwhile, all students from Center, Slauson and Foothill middle schools will be moved to the new Gladstone Middle School, located on the current campus of Gladstone High, which will open in 2023.
The district alleges the moves are necessary due to a steep drop in student numbers because of a declining birth rate and rising housing costs which have forced people to move out of state.
According to AUSD, between 2003-2004 and 2021-2022 school years, the district saw its student population decline by 42%, from over 12,100 students, to just over 7,000.
"Currently, we have 16 school sites for 7,084 students, meaning the number of students enrolled in AUSD schools fills only 47% of the capacity of our facilities," the district said in a news release Wednesday. "School reorganization will allow us to increase and improve program offerings for our students. Secondary students will have more course offerings and broader access to courses of interest. In addition, our sports teams and extracurricular activities will be more robust."
including a declining birth rate in the state and in the San Gabriel Valley and rising housing costs. Declining enrollment is a statewide issue.
for more features. | <urn:uuid:00dd341c-97d7-475e-949c-549f4a98f1e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/several-azusa-schools-to-shutter-over-declining-enrollment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.96658 | 379 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.
Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the play’s main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain. Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an “appetite” that he wants to satisfy and cannot (I.i.1–3); at another point, he calls his desires “fell and cruel hounds” (I.i.21). Olivia more bluntly describes love as a “plague” from which she suffers terribly (I.v.265). These metaphors contain an element of violence, further painting the love-struck as victims of some random force in the universe. Even the less melodramatic Viola sighs unhappily that “My state is desperate for my master’s love” (II.ii.35). This desperation has the potential to result in violence—as in Act V, scene i, when Orsino threatens to kill Cesario because he thinks that -Cesario has forsaken him to become Olivia’s lover.
Love is also exclusionary: some people achieve romantic happiness, while others do not. At the end of the play, as the happy lovers rejoice, both Malvolio and Antonio are prevented from having the objects of their desire. Malvolio, who has pursued Olivia, must ultimately face the realization that he is a fool, socially unworthy of his noble mistress. Antonio is in a more difficult situation, as social norms do not allow for the gratification of his apparently sexual attraction to Sebastian. Love, thus, cannot conquer all obstacles, and those whose desires go unfulfilled remain no less in love but feel the sting of its absence all the more severely.
Gender is one of the most obvious and much-discussed topics in the play. Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeare’s so-called transvestite comedies, in which a female character—in this case, Viola—disguises herself as a man. This situation creates a sexual mess: Viola falls in love with Orsino but cannot tell him, because he thinks she is a man, while Olivia, the object of Orsino’s affection, falls for Viola in her guise as Cesario. There is a clear homoerotic subtext here: Olivia is in love with a woman, even if she thinks he is a man, and Orsino often remarks on Cesario’s beauty, suggesting that he is attracted to Viola even before her male disguise is removed. This latent homoeroticism finds an explicit echo in the minor character of Antonio, who is clearly in love with his male friend, Sebastian. But Antonio’s desires cannot be satisfied, while Orsino and Olivia both find tidy heterosexual gratification once the sexual ambiguities and deceptions are straightened out.
Yet, even at the play’s close, Shakespeare leaves things somewhat murky, especially in the Orsino-Viola relationship. Orsino’s declaration of love to Viola suggests that he enjoys prolonging the pretense of Viola’s masculinity. Even after he knows that Viola is a woman, Orsino says to her, “Boy, thou hast said to me a thousand times / Thou never should’st love woman like to me” (V.i.260–261). Similarly, in his last lines, Orsino declares, “Cesario, come— / For so you shall be while you are a man; / But when in other habits you are seen, / Orsino’s mistress, and his fancy’s queen” (V.i.372–375). Even once everything is revealed, Orsino continues to address Viola by her male name. We can thus only wonder whether Orsino is truly in love with Viola, or if he is more enamoured of her male persona.
The problem of social ambition works itself out largely through the character of Malvolio, the steward, who seems to be a competent servant, if prudish and dour, but proves to be, in fact, a supreme egotist, with tremendous ambitions to rise out of his social class. Maria plays on these ambitions when she forges a letter from Olivia that makes Malvolio believe that Olivia is in love with him and wishes to marry him. Sir Toby and the others find this fantasy hysterically funny, of course—not only because of Malvolio’s unattractive personality but also because Malvolio is not of noble blood. In the class system of Shakespeare’s time, a noblewoman would generally not sully her reputation by marrying a man of lower social status.
Yet the atmosphere of the play may render Malvolio’s aspirations less unreasonable than they initially seem. The feast of Twelfth Night, from which the play takes its name, was a time when social hierarchies were turned upside down. That same spirit is alive in Illyria: indeed, Malvolio’s antagonist, Maria, is able to increase her social standing by marrying Sir Toby. But it seems that Maria’s success may be due to her willingness to accept and promote the anarchy that Sir Toby and the others embrace. This Twelfth Night spirit, then, seems to pass by Malvolio, who doesn’t wholeheartedly embrace the upending of order and decorum but rather wants to blur class lines for himself alone. | <urn:uuid:2fedcf11-cb7f-4293-9853-41ab5da12f34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%82%C2%A2%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%82%C2%AF%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%82%C2%AF%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%83%C2%AF%C3%82%C2%BF%C3%82%C2%BD%C3%82%C2%BDtwelfthnight/themes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.953127 | 1,232 | 3.1875 | 3 |
With war clouds gathering, the British general staff ordered the acceleration of their cruiser tank programme – fast. reliable and reasonably armoured fighting vehicles that exploit weak points in the enemy lines and spearhead breakthroughs. One of the successful designs was the Tank, Cruiser, Mk VI Crusader, more commonly known simply as the Crusader.
Armed with a 2-pdr main gun and later upgraded to a 6-pdr, it also had a co-axial machine gun. The Mk I carried a small hand-traversed turret armed with a Besa machine gun in the front hull although this was often removed or left unmanned by the unimpressed crews of the Mk I and Mk II.
The Mk I and Mk II variants of the Crusader primarily saw action in the Western Desert where they would symbolise the British armoured formation in the desert, with their speed lending themselves so well to the highly mobile nature of the war in the desert and the traditional cavalry tactics the British employed.
Note: Models supplied unassembled and unpainted | <urn:uuid:05d77ee9-c24d-4eff-a7db-c962d4b88343> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thewarhub.com/product/crusader-mk-i-ii-tank/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.96335 | 215 | 3.3125 | 3 |
As I write this column on the 66th anniversary of my natal day and the annual holiday celebration of the birthday of the late Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., it is easy to reflect on how Dr. King would see the black community today. To have come as a people from just asking to be allowed to have a seat at a lunch counter, to having the seat of the highest office in the land occupied by a black man, the strides that we as a people have made in this country surely are accomplishments he would consider monumental.
Dr. King said, “I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land.” He did not live to see many of the achievements that his Civil Rights movement accomplished. Nor did he live to see the failures purposely committed and orchestrated by some members of the black community who have no consciousness of their obligation to seek and achieve the Promised Land.
The Promised Land is as much physical as it is mental. In terms of public accommodations, access to education, access to employment, access to everything proclaimed by the U.S. Constitution, we as a people have achieved it. However, achieving and appreciating are two different things. And when one doesn’t appreciate the access that has been opened up for us, there can be no accomplishments or strides or gains.
One of the most basic steps the black community can take toward a Promised Land is to clean up and not litter the land we occupy in our neighborhoods. It is an absolute disgrace the way black communities are defined by the garbage that is purposely tossed on the ground by trifling individuals who seem intent on feeding rats and other pests because they are too lazy to put garbage in a container. Even worse is when that litter is in the front yard of homes owned by black people. To see some of the most expensive alcohol bottle brands being tossed on the ground shows the pure classlessness of the individuals who drank it.
Education has always been the road to the Promised Land. Yet for far too many young black children urban schools are more about fashion and hair and less about reading, writing, and arithmetic. We keep hearing stories about how black women are the most educated and are predominant on college campuses, and that is a good thing. But we cannot afford to lose our boys and young men, because we need them to become as equally yoked as the women.
We are 20 years into the 21st century. The lame excuses of the past become more and more unacceptable as we languish while others prosper. I cannot deny the effects of slavery, but at the same time we cannot become so co-dependent on it as an excuse that nothing gets done. | <urn:uuid:9f88e7d5-6a89-4f51-944a-74cacd9b26d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.austinweeklynews.com/2020/01/22/there-is-no-litter-in-the-promised-land/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.982144 | 562 | 2.265625 | 2 |
What is Autism?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability, typically appearing during childhood and affecting a person’s ability to communicate and interact with others.
1 in 63 or 1.6% of 8-year-old children in an area of Arizona were identified with ASD by Arizona Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (ADDSP).
Navigating Autism Program
We listen to you and offer customized resources including what to do after an autism diagnosis, therapy options, legal considerations, adult resources, IEP’s, providers, and more.
Teen meet-up with Playformance on Friday, March 26th at 5pm.
Serie de formación virtual para padres: Stepping Stones el 23 de Marzo de 2021 a las 12:00pm.
EmPOWER Hour bi-weekly Tuesday evening at 6 pm. Join us: March 2, 16, and 30th.
Adult Social Club on Friday, March 19th at 6 pm.
Social Butterflies on Wednesday, March 24th at 5:30pm.
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Learn how your business or organization can partner with us to improve the lives of those affected by autism. Benefits include media exposure, support and training for your staff.
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Words From Our Families
Hear what our families have shared with us about their experiences.
“The sensory friendly film was amazing. The Autism Society of Southern Arizona became my family here and as a mom I felt so happy to have a place that my son was accepted and loved and never judged for what he did or did not do. I have meet so many families now, who feel the way I felt back then when I felt I had no place to go for my son. I met a mom once who cried and hugged me when they came for the first time for finally they too found what they were missing.”
“It truly is an organization that trusts volunteers to help drive their mission!”
“At previous Sensory Friendly Films, I’ve attended through the Autism Society, I was able to meet with a father who also has a son with autism and connect with fellow members of the community,” Brad Jones said. Jones says Sensory Friendly Films are a comfortable environment surrounded with people who truly know what it’s like to have a child or family/friend with autism. “To see the look of joy and excitement on my child’s face when the movie began and how he emphatically followed that opening scene is something that I will never forget,” Jones says.
“Thanks for giving me a starting point with my son. It’s been a long journey with wrong diagnoses along the way. As parents 25-30 years ago there weren’t the resources needed nor the understanding of what people were going through with this affliction. It continues to be a journey and we appreciate folks like yourself that are there to support parents and individuals through this odyssey. Kudos.“
“Saguaro Aquatics Sonoran Dolphin program is a God sent. It has been one of the best things in life for my non-verbal/autistic son. We have been going there for almost 3 years. Jaidin loves going there! We love his coaches and all the staff. We have been very blessed to find this program. “
“Thanks for all your help.It’s been a rather difficult route trying to navigate all of this. It’s wonderful there’s an organization here in Arizona dedicated to helping those of us with these symptoms. I really appreciate your help and dedication.“
“Once you enter their doors, you instantly become part of a family that will always be there for you and most importantly your child. Thank you Autism Society of Southern Arizona for being a part of our family. We are so grateful for the opportunities you give to our daughter! “
Thank You to Our Sustaining and Community Partners | <urn:uuid:b343706d-5493-4e76-aedc-6e7183789558> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.as-az.org/demo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.967885 | 839 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Welcome to our weekly coverage of Disney History. This week we are highlighting important events that occurred July 4 – July 10 from 1918 through 2009.
- July 4, 1927 – Oswald the Lucky Rabbit film Trolley Troubles premieres at the Criterion Theatre in Los Angeles, California.
- July 5, 1988 – The Maelstrom opens in Epcot’s Norway Pavilion featuring boats patterned after viking ships. The Maelstrom remained open until October of 2014 when it closed for the lengthy transformation into Frozen Ever After (which just opened on June 21, 2016).
- July 6, 1918 – British actor, Sebastian Cabot is born in London, England. Cabot is the narrator of the film Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968), Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too (1974), and The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977). He also starred in The Jungle Book (voice of Bagheera) and The Sword in the Stone (voice of Sir Eric). Sebastian Cabot died on August 22, 1977.
- July 7, 2000 – The Disney Ambassador Hotel first opens its doors at the Tokyo Disney Resort.
- July 8, 2009 – John Lasseter, Chief Creative Officer, Walt Disney and Pixar Animation Studios and Principal Creative Advisor, Walt Disney Imagineering, dug the first bit of ground at what would become Cars Land at Disney California Adventure park.
- July 9, 1956 – Actor Tom Hanks, the voice of Sheriff Woody in the Disney/Pixar Toy Story films is born in Concord, California. Hanks portrayed Walt Disney in the 2013 film Saving Mr. Banks.
- July 10, 1981 – Disney’s animated The Fox and the Hound premieres in U.S. theaters.
Join us next Monday morning for more Magical DIScoveries.
Don’t miss a single thing! Make sure to follow Magical DIStractions on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram, and Google+. You can also sign up for our Magical DIStractions newsletter and watch videos on our YouTube channel. We also have a Magical DIStractions Facebook group where you can chat, ask questions, and get help from our knowledsgeable Magical DIStracted staff! | <urn:uuid:37827786-e659-483a-83ff-3448c095e5be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://magicaldistractions.com/magical-discoveries-your-weekly-dose-of-disney-history-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.93142 | 462 | 1.539063 | 2 |
This paper introduces the European IST project TeleCARE that aims to design and develop a configurable framework for virtual communities focused on supporting assistance to elderly people. The main innovative aspects introduced in the design of TeleCARE project and addressed in this paper features its tele-supervision and tele-assistance, based on the integration of multi-agent and federated information management approaches, introducing the concept of federated agency. Federated agencies comprise both stationary and mobile intelligent agents, combined with the services that are likely to be offered by the emerging ubiquitous computing and intelligent home appliances.
|Title of host publication||Advances in Automation, Multimedia and Video Systems, and Modern Computer Science|
|Publisher||World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society|
|Number of pages||6|
|Publication status||Published - 2001|
- Federated information management
- Intelligent agents
- Remote sensing | <urn:uuid:673ddc73-4ab4-4b6b-b97c-6fd38682fb28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://novaresearch.unl.pt/en/publications/virtual-communities-and-elderly-support | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.854159 | 222 | 1.8125 | 2 |
If you’re looking to upskill in a particular digital topic, you’ve come to the right place.
Alongside our HNC and HND pathways, we offer a range of Microsoft accredited pathways. These are perfect if you want to boost your skills, increase your knowledge, or develop your understanding of a specific area in digital. All of our microsoft courses have been tailored to match the needs of local employers.
This course introduces fundamental concepts related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the services in Microsoft Azure that can be used to create solutions. Certification: AI-900 Microsoft Azure AI Fundamentals
Cloud computing is the delivery of services to offer faster, innovative, flexible resources and economies of scale. Topics will include servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and intelligence. Certification: AZ-900 Microsoft Azure Fundamentals
This course provides the fundamentals of Security, Compliance and Identity (SCI) across cloud-based and related Microsoft services. Certification: SC-900 Microsoft Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals
Identify and describe core data concepts and how this technology is implemented through cloud data solutions with Microsoft Azure. Topics will include relational, non-relational, big data, and analytics. Certification: DP-900 Microsoft Azure Data Fundamentals
Microsoft Dynamics 365 is a portfolio of applications that enables organisations to develop effective systems to manage their interaction with customers. This Microsoft Certified course provides the underlying basic theory and development for further study. Certifications: Microsoft Dynamics 365 MB-910 CRM & Microsoft Dynamics 365 MB-920 ERP
Improve productivity by automating business processes and analysing data. Create simple Power Apps, connect data, automate processes and build a chatbot Certification: PL-900 Microsoft Power Platform Fundamentals | <urn:uuid:5bd99394-410b-4e1e-abc0-3c9cc696e850> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://southcentraliot.ac.uk/what-we-offer/microsoft-accredited-pathways/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.815031 | 404 | 1.757813 | 2 |
The growing business of Uber
When Erie turned into a real-life snow globe over the holidays, Erie radio personality Allan Carpenter summoned an Uber to find his way to the radio station.
Bridget Pellow says her husband has been using one of the independently owned and operated cars to get to work.
Richard Posten, another Erie resident, said he uses Uber when he plans to go out for a few drinks.
It's all part of a growing body of evidence that the popular ride-hailing service — which has logged more than 5 billion rides and offers service in more than 600 cities worldwide — appears to be in full bloom locally, nearly three years after making its Erie debut.
Statistics for Erie aren't available, but evidence suggests that customers in Erie have grown comfortable with the ride-hailing service since it arrived in April 2015.
In just 16 months, working mostly two days a week, 49-year-old Sharon Scranton, of Wesleyvlle, said she's given more than 1,500 rides in her 2013 Ford Fusion.
Scranton, who works full time in the PennDOT licensing center, said she was looking for a part-time gig she could do on her days off, while balancing her responsibilities as a single mother.
Scranton, who sometimes rises early to drive clients to work, often serves as someone's ride home after dinner and a few drinks, and spent a few days bouncing through snow-clogged streets in the days following the history-making storm of Christmas 2017.
There are, of course, expenses to cover, including gas, insurance and the unlimited car wash plan she pays for at Deltasonic on Peach Street. Before she deducted those expenses, Scranton said she brought in $11,000 in 2017.
As one of only a few women Uber drivers in Erie, Scranton said she's often asked whether she's sometimes uncomfortable inviting strangers into her car.
For the most part, Scranton said she doesn't think about it.
There is comfort, she said, in knowing that the people who get into her car are already registered with the company, which takes a 20 percent cut of the fare.
Nicholas Verno, who is in his second stint as an Uber driver since signing on with the company in 2015, said he too takes some comfort in the technology the company provides.
"The people getting into your car, Uber knows who they are," he said. "They have their names and their credit card information. It's not like a stranger is getting into your car."
Still, not everything goes to plan.
Verno, who works full time at Walmart and tends bar part-time, said he had one customer lapse into a deep sleep in the back seat of his car.
"Another got a little too touchy, feely," he said. "When I told him to stop he got angry."
Within 30 minutes, however, Uber had banned the customer.
While Erie was not one of the first U.S. cities to offer Uber, Erie-based Erie Insurance is thought to be the first major U.S. insurance company to provide insurance for customers who used their cars for a ride-sharing service, beginning in November 2015.
If sales of the company's insurance product are any indication, Uber continues to grow, said Jon Bloom, vice president of personal lines for Erie Insurance. In the past six months alone, he said, sales of the company's ride-sharing insurance has increased by about 50 percent in Pennsylvania.
That could be due in part to a realization that customers have gaps in their coverage, he said.
But Bloom, who sometimes summons an Uber when he's going out or traveling, said there's solid evidence that Uber is growing and will continue to grow.
"There is a significant amount of it here, especially with the college students," he said.
In fact, Verno said, Penn State Behrend, the largest and most remote of the three Erie-area colleges, represents one of his largest sources of business, followed by Mercyhurst and Gannon universities. Verno said he also does a brisk business waiting for the app on his phone to signal that a driver is needed when he parks near one of the downtown bars on a Saturday night or near UPMC Park following a SeaWolves game.
There's also a surprising demand for drivers early Sunday mornings and early in the month as customers plan grocery trips.
Verno and his fellow Uber and a smaller number of Lyft drivers aren't the only ones competing for that business.
Traditional cab companies have changed, but they haven't gone away.
Mark McEnery, general manager of Erie Yellow Cab Co., said the number of cars in his fleet is slightly lower and the number of calls has declined over the past couple years.
And while some of that is because of Uber, there are other factors at play, he said, including a slowdown at GE Transportation and fewer flights at Erie International Airport.
Although his company has developed its own app, which has a couple thousand users, McEnery said traditional cab companies are struggling to win over a particular demographic.
"We don't see as many college kids," he said.
McEnery said traditional cabs aren't the latest thing, but he still believes in the business model and the service his company provides.
"I am not saying anybody is good or bad, but we do have a comfort level with the people we send out there," he said, explaining that they have been interviewed and determined to be a good fit to work with the public.
For Scranton, the rating she earns on the Uber app — up to 5 stars is possible — is her personal report card, proof that she's doing her job well. At last check, she had a 4.94 average and 95 percent of all her grades were perfect 5-star ratings.
Most importantly, she said, her part-time job is meeting her goals, paying her car payment and helping to cover the cost of her health insurance.
Most vital of all, she said, the work is flexible.
"When I first started, if my daughter wanted me home, she would just send me a text," Scranton said. "I would say, time to shut off the (Uber app) and go home."
Jim Martin can be reached at 870-1668 or by email. Follow him on Twitter at www.twitter.com/ETNMartin.
Uber advice for staying safe
1. Before you request a ride, think about where you're headed and review the safety features in the app so you know how to use them.
2. Request your ride inside. Avoid spending unnecessary time outside alone with your phone in your hand. Instead, wait indoors until the app shows your driver has arrived.
3. Get in the right car. Before you get in the car, check that license plate, driver photo and driver name all match what's listed in the app. Uber rides can only be requested through the app, so never get in a car with a driver who claims to be with Uber and offers a ride.
4. Share your trip details with a friend. While en route, tap "share status" in the app to share your driver's name, photo, license plate and location with a friend or family member. They can track your trip and see your ETA without downloading the Uber app.
5. Protect your personal information. There's no need to share your phone number or other contact information with your driver. If a rider and driver need to contact each other, the Uber app automatically anonymizes both phone numbers to protect everyone's privacy.
LISTEN: In-depth coverage of trending topics | <urn:uuid:5626fa0f-e7a8-4298-a6d6-d3d4d07125d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.goerie.com/story/news/local/2018/03/08/the-growing-business-uber/12720106007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.980094 | 1,600 | 1.65625 | 2 |
MANHATTAN, Kan. — A shift in weather patterns that began in early August brought welcome rain to drought-stricken Kansas, but even with the precipitation, the northeast part of the state is still parched.
“Ponds are still low. Streams are not running. There wasn’t as much benefit from the recent rains as we had hoped,” said Mary Knapp, climatologist with the Weather Data Library at Kansas State University.
Some of those counties that experienced heavy rains and flash flooding on Labor Day weekend are still in drought. The Sept. 11 U.S. Drought Monitor for Kansas shows many northeast counties still in abnormally dry to exceptional drought conditions.
“This drought had its roots in a very dry winter,” said Knapp of conditions months ago that were so widespread Kansas Gov. Jeff Colyer issued a drought declaration in March that covered all of the state’s 105 counties.
After a hot start to the summer, temperatures moderated somewhat in August and rain fell across much of the state. In June, statewide temperatures averaged 4.7 degrees warmer than normal. July statewide temperatures averaged 0.4 degrees warmer than normal. For August the statewide temperature average was 1.5 degrees cooler than normal. State-wide precipitation was 125 percent of normal.
The current situation with drought in the eastern counties, but generally not in the west except a sliver along the border with Colorado, is just opposite the typical scenario, Knapp said. Semi-arid western Kansas usually tends to be drier than eastern Kansas. Average annual precipitation in Garden City is 19.15 inches, while in Topeka it is 36.46. As of Sept. 15, Garden City has received 19.46 inches, while Topeka has received just 18.39 inches.
To help track and record precipitation, wind speeds, soil moisture and other climatological data, Kansas Mesonet, a network of weather stations across the state, has added new stations in Chase (Elmdale) and Republic (Belleville) counties and more will come online soon, according to Chip Redmond, K-State assistant scientist and Kansas Mesonet manager.
That brings the total number of Mesonet weather stations across the state to 61. More are expected to be online in the coming months.
The new site in Chase County, particularly, adds coverage in an area that was lacking in weather monitoring equipment, even on other National Weather Service and Federal Aviation Administration networks, Redmond said.
Climatological data from the Mesonet weather stations is recorded in the Weather Data Library at K-State and accessible online at the Kansas Mesonet website.
— Mary Lou Peter, K-State Research and Extension
For more news from Kansas, click here. | <urn:uuid:3870f8f8-afa2-483d-988b-c632b456d250> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.morningagclips.com/august-brought-welcome-rain-to-kansas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.956065 | 570 | 2.375 | 2 |
1. The original known magnets was basically tough black rocks named “loadstones “. Regarding middle ages we believed that loadstones got scientific efforts. During this period, it actually was unearthed that a great loadstone would point to brand new northern.
Magnetism is the label familiar with identify the new occurrence which pushes attention some bodies together and the brand new forces and therefore operate between digital currents. Magnetism is a vital push in the wild that produces you can relaxed activities for example speaking towards cell, watching television, hearing tape-recorded musical and you will storage analysis (voice and you can pictures) toward computers discspasses made out of magnets assist navigators guide boats safely. As opposed to magnetism, it would not be you are able to to produce huge amounts from fuel and you can none you may we explore electricity to accomplish most of the operate it will. William Gilbert a health care provider is the first to ever utilize the conditions magnetic pole and you may electric push. It actually was he whom recommended the World’s magnetism might be told me in case your Planet is compared in order to a giant bar magnetic.
Magnetite is situated occurring naturally in many parts of the world
What is actually Magnetism ? Same as in the event that Greeks of one’s dated times discovered new first natural magnetized stones, or sheer magnets, you’ve been observing a home off matter called magnetism. Magnetism ‚s the push off attraction otherwise repulsion close to a material. Magnetism can be acquired is perhaps all content however, from the such as lower levels that it is maybe not effortlessly seen. Certain product for example magnetite, metal, metal, nickel, cobalt and you can alloys out-of rare earth factors, showcase magnetism at the account which can be easily noticeable.
What’s a magnet ? A magnet are any little bit of situation that has the possessions out of drawing iron (otherwise steel). Magnetite, also known as lodestone, is a naturally occurring stone which is a magnet. It absolute magnet was initially located in the a neighborhood labeled as magnesia and you will was named following urban area where it absolutely was discovered. Magnetism may be however contained in a content or the topic are forcibly magnetized by the different ways. Magnets are permanent otherwise brief. Shortly after being magnetic, a permanent magnet will retain the properties away from magnetism forever. A short-term magnetic was a magnet produced from softer iron, which is always very easy to magnetize; yet not, brief magnets reduce most of their magnetic properties in the event the magnetizing end in are left behind. Permanent magnets are more difficult so you’re able to magnetize, but they are nevertheless magnetic. Material which can be magnetized are known as ferromagnetic product. We shall chat more about while making a magnetic after.
Real improvements inside insights magnetism emerged following the relationship ranging from electricity and you will magnetism is actually centered by Hans Christian Orested inside the 1820
Sorts of Magnetized SubstancesWe understand compounds being attracted by the magnets. But it is fascinating to notice that we now have specific ingredients being repelled from the a magnetic. Therefore, according to the assets of attraction or repulsion, magnetic substances shall be broadly split up into about three kinds, particularly Ferromagnetic. Paramagnetic and you can Diamagnetic compounds.
The fresh substances that are firmly lured from the a magnetic and certainly will easily be magnetised to make good magnets are known as Ferro magnetized ingredients.
2. Sheer And Phony MAGNETSMagnets was five versions, viz ..Absolute , Fake , Short term and you will Long lasting magnets.Absolute MagnetsA material hence features the property from drawing brief parts of irons, material, cobalt, nickel is named a magnet and that house is called glamorous property.New magnets included in characteristics are known as sheer magnet. He’s utilized in some unusual and you may unusual molds. Instance of an organic magnetic are an excellent “lodestone”.When some lodestone is actually frozen by the a fine thread it comes to others in the northern-southern area guidelines. That it house is called directive possessions. It possessions was used by sailors in order to browse their boats. And therefore an organic magnet is even entitled ‘lodestone or top stone‘ (out-of date me zaloguj siÄ™ dated English ‘lad for ways). The current identity Magnetite derives their supply in the area when you look at the that nutrient was initially included in vast amounts, particularly, the metropolis of Magnesia, for the Asia Small. It is black colored oxide off metal on chemicals formula F elizabeth step 3 S O 4 that is absolute magnet. It was magnetite you to definitely desired individuals to learn magnetic features of bodies.Natural magnets aren’t magnetically strong enough having basic objectives, Thus, phony magnets are expected.Fake MagnetsNatural magnets for instance the lodestone don’t possess very good attractive or directive properties, but once a bit of steel are stroked (in one single assistance only) having a great lodestone, this type of functions is actually developed healthier inside.A bit of material otherwise iron to which this new features out-of a good lodestone was indeed imparted is named an artificial magnetic. | <urn:uuid:42d9b0ba-3a9a-442f-a3d6-ef511b8476d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.afuk.cz/introduction-individuals-have-recognized-on-the/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.957711 | 1,103 | 2.75 | 3 |
Madeiran businesswoman, Cristina Pedra, is distressed at the level of begging by the region’s business sector particularly as all sectors of the economy are affected by different realities. While outlining measures that can help the pandemic struck business sector she said that it is not possible to help everyone and self help is also important.
At a human level, she declared that 60% of the population have suffered a drop in income as a result of the pandemic. The Food Bank has received an additional 55,000 requests for weekly help and 20% of those infected in hospitals were there because families were unable to accommodate them. And because “we are human and the economy comprises of human activity” the state must be there to support those in most need.
Concluding she said that the Portuguese economy, and especially that of Madeira, had Pre-Covid problems particularly the islands almost total dependence on tourism.
info at madeira-weekly.com | <urn:uuid:a5a304f9-6387-4802-add4-aa60e5d02678> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://madeira-weekly.com/2020/05/28/stop-begging-says-cristina-pedra/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.980579 | 204 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Personal, Social and Health Education
‘Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world.’
Harriet Tubman (Political Activist)
At Milton St. John’s CE Primary School we support our children to develop as healthy, independent and responsible members of society who understand their rights and responsibilities towards themselves and others. The delivery of PSHE enables all children to SHINE in the love of God:
We Show respect.
We are Honest.
We Include others.
We Never give up.
We seek Excellence in all we do.
Children at Milton St John’s will:
- Develop self-confidence and self-esteem
- Know and understand what constitutes a healthy lifestyle
- Know how to keep themselves safe
- Understand and develop good relationships with other members of the school and the wider community respecting the differences between people
- Be independent and responsible members of the class, school, local and global community
- Be positive and active members of a democratic society
- Make informed choices regarding personal and social issues
Our curriculum drivers underpin all we do and are an essential part of our learning. The drivers help our children to ‘RISE’ up and play a vital role in their community; locally, nationally and globally. They are listed below:
- Respect for the opinions and beliefs of others
- Independence & Resilience
- Engagement & Curiosity
At Milton St John’s we have ensured the objectives set out in the National Curriculum have been adjusted to meet the needs of our children. For the delivery of Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) we follow the SRE curriculum developed by Tameside Council.
At Milton St John’s, there are four core elements to our PSHE curriculum:
- Personal Development – guiding the pupils spiritual development by learning about the beliefs of others, a fascination in learning about themselves and the wider world and a willingness to reflect on their own experiences.
- Social Development – supporting pupils to develop a range of social skills in different contexts, cooperating well with others and being able to resolve conflicts effectively.
- Health and Wellbeing Development – encouraging pupils to live a healthy lifestyle by learning about a balanced lifestyle, including within relationships, work-life, diet, exercise, spending and saving.
- Citizenship Development – helping pupils’ to recognise the difference between right and wrong, offering reasoned views about moral and ethical issues and developing respect for cultural diversity, as shown by their attitudes towards different religious, ethnic and socio-economic groups in local, national and global communities.
Within the four core themes, we cover a wide variety of aspects, which are:
-Eating and Health
-Emotional Health / Responsibility / Self Esteem
At Milton St John’s Primary School we understand that the personal development of pupils, spiritually, morally, socially and culturally (SMSC) plays a significant part in their ability to learn and achieve. We believe that PSHE is taught as part of the curriculum and as and when opportunities arise within normal day to day teaching.
In planning lessons, teachers are aware of the need to plan opportunities to develop a wide variety of spiritual, moral, social and cultural needs.
During the Foundation Stage we encourage the development of skills, knowledge and understanding that help reception children make sense of their world as an integral part of the school’s work (PSED). We relate the development of the children’s knowledge and understanding of the world to the objectives set out in the Early Learning Goals. This learning forms the foundations for later work in PSHE.
Key Stage 1
In KS1 children learn about themselves as developing individuals and as members of their communities, building on their own experiences. They learn the basic rules and skills for keeping themselves healthy and safe and for behaving well. They have opportunities to show they can take some responsibility for themselves and their environment. They begin to learn about their own and other people's feelings and become aware of the views, needs and rights of other children and older people. As members of a class and school community, they learn social skills such as how to share, take turns, play, help others, resolve simple arguments and resist bullying. They begin to take an active part in the life of their school and its neighbourhood. RSE lessons focus on relationships teach about friendship, anti-bullying and the building of self-esteem.
Key Stage 2
In KS2 children learn about themselves as growing and changing individuals with their own experiences and ideas, and as members of their communities. They become more mature, independent and self-confident. They learn about the wider world and the interdependence of communities within it. They develop their sense of social justice and moral responsibility and begin to understand that their own choices and behaviour can affect local, national or global issues and political and social institutions. They learn how to take part more fully in school and community activities. They learn how to make more confident and informed choices about their health and environment; to take more responsibility, individually and as a group, for their own learning; and to resist bullying. In KS2 both boys and girls know about puberty and how a baby is born – as set out in the Key Stages 2 Science Curriculum. We aim to ensure that all children, including those who develop earlier than the average, learn about puberty before they experience the onset of physical changes.
Children at Milton St John’s will be able to develop positive and healthy relationships with other people. They will understand the physical aspects involved in RSE at an age appropriate level. They will have respect for themselves and others. Children at Milton St John’s will know how to keep themselves safe physically, mentally and technologically and how to lead a healthy life. | <urn:uuid:79048bfb-4a97-4965-a3c8-cfe57a6f6a05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.milton-st-johns.tameside.sch.uk/curriculum/personal-social-emotional-and-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.95974 | 1,263 | 2.875 | 3 |
Early optical Laserdisc technology was invented by David Paul Gregg in 1958. By the time Gregg had patented his transparent videodisc system in 1961 and again in 1969 he decided to sell the patents to electronics manufacturer Philips. Philips had already been working on a reflective videodisc system at the time and gaining ownership of Gregg’s invention helped them push technology forward. Philips’ main goal with the Laserdisc was to sell feature films on them to consumers, so they teamed up with MCA, an entertainment company that owned the rights to the largest catalog of films at the time, to bring the Laserdisc technology to market. Collaboratively, Philips and MCA demonstrated the technology in 1972 and made it available for consumers on December 15, 1978. Philips manufactured the hardware players and MCA made the discs. The format went by many names including DiscoVision, but most referred to it as Laserdisc. The first Laserdisc title to release in North America was Jaws (1978); the two last titles were Paramount’s Sleepy Hollow and Bringing out the Dead in 2000. Laserdiscs continued to sell in Japan until the end of 2001. In the mid-1980s Pioneer Electronics purchased the format from Philips and MCA and would go on to manufacture Laserdisc players until 2009. One of the latest hybrid players could read LD, DVD, and CD. CNET reported the format’s death on January 16, 2009. However, discs can still be purchased today; the Laserdisc Vault has a wide variety of genres to choose from.
Video and audio are stored on a Laserdisc (LD) as an analog signal. Just like a compact disc (CD) the surface of a LD is covered with pits and lands but it uses frequency modulation of an analog signal, not digital. Pits are essentially tiny indentations on a disc that store the data and lands are the areas between them. The discs themselves are 12 inches in diameter, about the size of a LP record, and they were made up of two single-sided discs glued together. The format would evolve to eventually replace mono audio with digital stereo sound support.
Two major encoding formats based on a disc’s rotation speed were implemented. (1) CLV (Constant Linear Velocity) was known as Extended Play to consumers and these discs were the most popular because they could store 60 minutes of video per side. A slow rotational speed of 1800-600rpm allowed for more storage space. Movies with a runtime of 120 minutes or less had no trouble fitting on these discs. (2) CAV (Constant Angular Velocity) was known as Standard Play to consumers and these discs were not as popular for mainstream consumers because they could only store 30 minutes of video per side. The frames of CAV discs correspond to actual film frames, and a faster rotational speed allowed owners to play around with unique features like pause, frame-by-frame advance, freeze frame, and variable slow motion. These discs usually stored movie extras or bonus material because of its smaller storage capacity. Since these discs gave the user the ability to reference content frame-by-frame, they proved to be a hit with film students and critics. Pioneer experimented with higher capacity discs that could hold up to 70 minutes of content but they never made it to market.
Up until the mid-1980s Laserdisc players used Helium-neon laser tubes to read discs, and when Pioneer came along they adopted consumer players with solid-state lasers. Unlike the older players like the Magnavox Magnavision, Pioneer’s new models featured front-loaders instead of top-loaders for discs. The solid-state laser diode players had many advantages over the older players. For example, they featured a tilt-servo mechanism that physically tilted the player’s laser table base so that it would stay parallel with the disc at all times, even if an external vibration source sat below the player.
The majority of players only supported single-sided playback, meaning owners were forced to get up and manually turn the disc over to watch content when one side finished playing. Towards the end of its run, some LD players were able to automatically make the switch; when one side ended the player would reverse the direction of the disc’s roation, move the laser head to the proper side of the disc, and resume playback.
Ports-wise, LD players included S-Video and composite outputs.
Starting in the late-1980s into the 1990s, Pioneer and other manufacturers starting making LD combination players that could read LD, CD, and DVD formats. In 1992, Sony invented the Muse Laserdisc format for the Japanese market. Also known as Hi-Vision, the Muse format boasted high-definition video playback and required a 16x9 aspect ratio and a dedicated Muse player.
Advantages & Disadvantages
During its time on the market, Laserdisc went head-to-head with VHS competing to become the first widely adopted standard for home entertainment. LD had a far superior picture over VHS (400 horizontal lines vs. 250 lines), random access allowed owners to quickly navigate to any point on the disc (as opposed to rewinding a cassette tape, which is a lengthier process), and discs could carry four audio channels making room for “special edition” releases that included commentary tracks in addition to the movie. During the later part of its lifecycle, LD also competed against the newly adopted DVD format. Since LD video is not digital like DVD, it did not experience playback issues such as artifacting and color banding. LD supporters say that Laserdiscs maintain a smoother image, while DVDs come off as more artificial.
LD disadvantages were obvious. The physical Laserdisc was huge in size, fragile, and heavy compared to VHS and DVD. LDs could only hold 30 to 60 minutes of content. Storage capacity was inferior to the competition; VHS could hold up to 3.5 hours of video and today DVDs can store anywhere from 4.7 to 9.4GB of data. Other LD problems include laser-rot and crosstalk. Due to manufacturing issues, some Laserdiscs sold with their 2 sides glued together incorrectly; this caused discs to “laser-rot”, or delaminate and allow oxygen to seep in and eat away at the reflective metallic parts of the disc. Crosstalk, or distorted video playback, happened when the laser inside a player accidentally picked up the picture on an adjacent track. The biggest disadvantage of all was that all Laserdiscs could only playback content and could not be recorded on. This is a staple feature of the video cassette tape and DVD formats.
The Laserdisc format was more popular in Japan than it was in North America because it was a big force in the anime market. Collectors of anime content helped drive the sales of the format in Japan.
The instant-seeking functionality of Laserdiscs allowed developers to create interactive video games for LD players. The most popular LD game was Dragon’s Lair and it used pre-recorded animated scenes to tell a story. A user would use a remote or joystick to command the story to move forward and make decision for the on-screen characters. Gameplay was similar to current RPGs.
Although Laserdisc is a dead format today, it was a major stepping stone for the industry to reach modern technologies such as the CD, DVD, and MiniDisc. Many of David Paul Gregg’s early patents were licensed by companies to create these formats we know today. | <urn:uuid:6e30b2c3-9285-4db9-b9d1-30744f0b3caa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Laserdisc&printable=yes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.964956 | 1,560 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The aim of the study is to show the antibacterial benefits of Peruvian propolis on oral bacteria that affect oral health, developing pathologies such as caries, gingivitis or periodontitis. A bibliographic review of 50 articles on the antibacterial effect of the Peruvian propolis of the virtual platforms, PUBMED and RENATI, was carried out, from which 28 articles were chosen for the development of this review. Evidence shows that Peruvian propolis has a great antibacterial effect against various oral pathogenic species, making it a great option to be used as an ingredient in various dental products.
|Translated title of the contribution||Antibacterial effect of peruvian propolis against oral pathogens|
|Number of pages||4|
|State||Published - 1 Jul 2021|
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© 2021, Sociedad Europea De Medicina Naturista Clasica. Seccion Espanola. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:053887d1-b10b-4580-a62e-f70757ffa20a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://siis.unmsm.edu.pe/en/publications/antibacterial-effect-of-peruvian-propolis-against-oral-pathogens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.832445 | 259 | 2.21875 | 2 |
On this page, you’ll find our ESG statement along with some of the ways we are
reducing our carbon footprint, and helping our clients do the same.
Here are some of the ways in which we’re offsetting our carbon footprint.
Zoomforth allows you to create a wide range of digital communication, drastically reducing the need for weighty printed documents.
Our data analytics will tell you how many pages you have created on Zoomforth, and how many visitors you have had to your sites. In turn, you can then calculate how many printed pages you’ve saved.
In conjunction with One Tree Planted, we plant a tree for every new Zoomforth user. So, if you purchase a license to use Zoomforth, we will plant a tree for each user seat you buy.
It’s a wonderful initiative and one we are proud to support.
You can find out more here.
We rarely need to travel but when we do, we take the most environmentally friendly transport available.
We offset emissions from any flights we take, using Terrapass. This initiative funds environmental projects like reforestation, farm power, and landfill gas capture.
You can find out more here.
For the last two years, we have supported Médecins Sans Frontières as our chosen company charity.
This year, we will be supporting UNICEF.
In addition to the main charities we also encourage our team members to:
1. Our Commitment
At Zoomforth Inc we stand committed to adopting ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) best practices. As a principled company we hold ourselves to the highest possible standard.
As part of this ethos of acting ethically, we have a responsibility to consider the environment, social and governance (ESG) impacts of our activities. We aim to ensure that our activities positively affect society as a whole.
The Company holds itself accountable for its impact on society and looks to prioritize profits, people, and the planet in equal measure, operating as a means of improving reputation and profitability.
In practice, this involves initiatives like helping in the local community, reducing our Company’s carbon footprint and working with charities, chosen by our employees.
We appreciate that all our activities, whether at work or as a consequence of the business activities we undertake have a positive or negative impact on the environment.
The Company’s activities are subject to on-going review and there is commitment from the senior management team to reduce our environmental impact as far as is reasonably practicable.
These commitments are outlined in further detail within the Company’s Environment Policy.
Zoomforth will conduct business in a socially responsible and ethical manner. All our staff are expected to do the same.
Social values are ingrained in the culture of our Company and every facet of the business, not just because we have a corporate responsibility but because we believe it is the right thing to do as an ethical business.
Social values to us means many things including:
Zoomforth will advise our partners, contractors, and suppliers of our social values, and will work with them to achieve consistency with this policy.
Our Company’s commitment to social values are outlined in further detail within a number of our policies, including:
Zoomforth Inc is committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity and corporate governance practices in order to maintain excellence in its daily operations, and to promote confidence in our governance systems. We pride ourselves in having a transparent decision-making process in place that is underpinned by clear policies and processes. All of those policies are underpinned by a Code of Ethics which outlines the integrity within which we expect our business to be run. That high level of integrity applies to all.Our Company policies are reviewed on at least an annual basis. They must be approved by the senior management team and all staff are required to attest that they have read and understood the policies applicable to them.
We aim to ensure accurate, consistent and timely information is provided to our stakeholders including customers and investors. For further information on our commitment to ESG best practices please contact [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:b2574cdb-77ee-40da-a182-612d548855ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zoomforth.com/esg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.936326 | 874 | 1.546875 | 2 |
As a result of our viewers predominantly uses their smartphones to examine e-mail and browse social media, Accelerated Mobile Pages ensure a seamless and uninterrupted person experience.
website optimisation strategy
Elite Web site Optimizer (ESO) ensures maximum website optimization with focus on thorough SEO audit, website efficiency and website accessibility. The keyword explorer device, as an illustration, tells you what people are trying to find when they discover your website, whereas the rankings tool lets you know where you stand amongst your opponents. Be sure to aren’t creating speed issues by uploading photographs larger than they need to appear on the website.
It tracks your web site’s performance history, makes data-driven suggestions on how to enhance the website velocity, and generates easy to grasp experiences. In line with the Google research on the typical cell speed across industry sectors, only a fraction of websites is close to their really useful velocity.
A content supply network is a set of net servers distributed across various geographical places that present internet content to finish customers with regard to their location. It is one of the best ways to get a take a look at how users truly interact along with your site and what you would possibly have the ability to improve for higher conversions.
Page load time is an online performance metric that exhibits the time wanted for a web page to show on the user screen. If in case you have server points or slow load times, it’s best to search for solutions before looking at user expertise.
Web site Optimization is a pattern that best applies to cell web sites. There are numerous instruments to checklist down to measure your website velocity. The way Google and other search engines rank your website modifications continuously. If you want to be taught extra, try the video I made on find out how to enhance search site visitors utilizing Google Search Console.
optimize websites for mobile devices
If set to no, it’ll prevent desktop users’ zoom settings from applying to the page and will also stop mobile customers from utilizing pinch zoom. One Tip:Â Google has achieved a wonderful job making our lives simpler by offering instruments that assist webmasters make a website load rapidly on cellular devices. In January 2018, Google announced its Speed Replace In accordance with the weblog submit announcement, the replace would add mobile velocity to the search engine’s listing of rating components.
A slow website means a higher bounce rate and low dwell time, both indicators to Google that your web site gives a bad consumer experience. Screaming Frog gives an SEO Spider Tool, which is a complicated crawler that may accomplish a number of optimization tasks. | <urn:uuid:6216c149-c9be-4716-9599-5f27ce89238e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coding-standard.com/how-search-engine-optimization-search-engine-optimization-works.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.915076 | 533 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Professional developers often face the difficulties associated with user interface creation. Even working in such a comfortable environment as Ruby on Rails, when making changes to the code (and this happens very often), we have to literally “balance” individual software blocks, especially those that relate to the user interface.
With a constant stream of new edits and new code, establishing links between program blocks can turn the process of the development into a real hell.
The question arises: would it not be right to employ tools that can greatly alleviate such a complex process? Frameworks are exactly such instruments. The framework is an embodiment of some idea of development using well-known design patterns, a set of tools and templates that allow simplifying the process of the program creation.
However, it is constantly expanding and growing, new features and capabilities appear with an enviable regularity. The ease of linking Vue JS components to other libraries and components has made it a simple and highly functional tool.
Today, with Vue.js you can not only build interfaces but also create very complex single-page applications. In this article, we will describe this tool and tell you about what is so good and convenient about Vue.
What Can Vue.js Do?
The main thing that distinguishes Vue and makes it popular is its simplicity and flexibility. It is easy to learn, intuitive in work, and most importantly – it provides notably high performance, especially in comparison with other popular frameworks.
Main features of the framework:
- declarative rendering: this mechanism allows reflecting data in the DOM by using simple template syntax
- simple binding of DOM structures through the use of HTML tags, easily recognized by browsers
- user data (input) are processed independently of DOM, which provides great efficiency
- the component system allows developing large applications on the basis of individual Vue JS components, which are then easily linked together
- several methods for events handling (‘v-on’, inline handlers, set of event modifiers) applicable depending on the required functionality of the Vue website
- integration of HTML-templates
- inbuilt mechanics for the animation of the interface elements
Thus, when working with Vue.js, the developer can quickly create and edit on-the-fly the user interface, write individual code blocks, easily linking them with the help of event handling tools.
HTML tags allow us to bind DOM data using a simple syntax. To demonstrate Vue JS examples, here is an instance of code that uses the ‘v-bind’ attribute used for HTML markup:
Simple, is it not?
Vue.js in VS other popular tools
To consider the advantages of Vue, it is worthwhile to compare the framework to other similar products.
Vue vs React
These two frameworks have very many common properties: the implementation of a virtual DOM, the provision of efficient reactive and composite viewing elements, and much more.
We might also note the more extensive functionality of React, which is fair. However, the differences and advantages of Vue JS over React lie in the details. When the page state changes, React updates each component every time, while the Vue structure allows pinpointing which components need to be updated when making changes.
As a consequence – Vue has a higher performance and refreshing speed. Regarding the broader functions of React, the following can be said: a narrower Vue focus allows you to solve all the tasks for which it is designed, efficiently, and expediently.
Angular VS Vue
Like Vue, Angular actively employs components in its structure; however, without the TypeScript, it is very difficult in study and coding. The speed and performance of Angular and Vue are quite comparable, however, as in the case with React, Vue, due to its simplicity and convenience, is slightly ahead of Angular by these parameters. And again, the flexibility and wide possibilities for component interaction distinguish Vue for the better.
Actually, Evan You, the creator of Vue.js, originally worked with Angular, but they were unsatisfied with interface design capabilities. In time this discontent served an incentive to create Vue.
Of course, it is difficult to call Vue a full-fledged application development tool, but it is hardly possible to find any simpler and more convenient framework for the user interface design today.
Vue is elementary in syntax (which minimizes the number of possible bugs) and easy to master. Thanks to the simple linking of components and the capabilities for the integration of third-party elements, Vue gives developers the ability to quickly create efficient interfaces.
Our company implements Vue in conjunction with Ruby on Rails, which allows creating high-quality scalable applications for highly loaded tasks with excellent intuitive interfaces while spending minimum time and effort on the development.
However, we should keep in mind that no framework, even the most capacitive ones, is a panacea. If you run into problems with performance or codebase during development, then perhaps it is not the framework’s fault.
It is worth to review the architecture of your application, clean out CSS, check the script loading order, and remove the unnecessary tools. This can get rid of the Vue website of a huge number of problems and speed up its operation. | <urn:uuid:7da75638-2cb4-44be-9d0b-1026c5b5f129> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://linuxpunx.com.au/vue-js-what-is-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.929603 | 1,131 | 2.703125 | 3 |
When a client goes to see a lawyer, there are some particular factors that the lawyer will want to know and will subject matter the client in a line of questioning the 1st interview is usually the vital job interview. This is due to the fact this is the meeting that will establish if the attorney will depict the client or not. So the lawyer will want to know why the consumer requirements the companies of a lawyer. The reason why the want to know why the client demands their services, is to enable them evaluate the issue and see if they are heading to signify them or not. In instances in which the client can not be represented by a certain attorney, they are forwarded to a a lot more suitable attorney who will be able to handle his or her lawful issues.
An additional common query that lawyers inquire customers at a 1st meeting is if the consumer has witnessed other lawyers prior to. If other attorneys have been hired to depict the client the lawyer will want to know why their solutions to the consumer had been terminated. They will also want to know if there were other legal professionals so that the law firm can be in a position to perform with other lawyers. The other lawyers that have worked with the customer could have unraveled matter about the scenario that could help the recent law firm who has been assigned to the scenario.
An additional frequent issue that a lawyer asks at a initial meeting with a client is the economic stand of the shopper. Legal professionals not often give free companies even at a very first conference. They do not cost that meeting and they will want to get the greatest out of it. So they will want to know if that shopper is in a placement to shell out the lawyer charges. If the client finds the fee to be extremely high, then other lawyer who has reduced prices can be recommended.
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Sensible legal professionals will request about the lawful difficulties of the client and will not interrupt them as they narrate. While the shopper is speaking the attorney will be noting essential details. As considerably as they would want the conference to be short so that they can conserve a lot of time and cash. Numerous attorneys have come to comprehend that they get a lot of information from their clientele when they are conversing with no becoming interrupted. Following www.twitter.com/injurylawtampa will then ask certain inquiries to get the some things clear and they stand a much better likelihood of winning a circumstance. | <urn:uuid:b7ab9297-6144-45a1-ba60-ae7b0d510124> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.whimsical-designs.com/mesothelioma-litigation-legal-professionals-what-concerns-will-the-attorney-question-during-the-initial-assembly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.981413 | 595 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Located in the coastal regions of India, Mangalore is one of the famous places known for its beaches and some of the most amazing seafood. It is also known to supply seafood to many regions in Karnataka. Hence, it has encouraged many fishermen to establish their businesses here. It also adds around 14% of the state’s economy through the seafood industry. It also adds the main source of the city’s economy even today.
Like in many places in India, people rely on different sources of income to make their living. The fishermen in Mangalore rely on the seafood business. The geographic location of the coasts of the Arabian Sea serves them better. Many fishermen have been doing this business for generations. Most of the fishermen have their own fishing boats and other resources to run their businesses.
Seafood is known as the best source for providing essential nutrients to the body, such as protein, vitamins A, B, and D, and omega-3 fatty acids. They are rich in calcium and phosphorus and are a great source of minerals such as iron, zinc, iodine, magnesium, selenium, and potassium. Hence, the seafood business all around the world is growing.
Golden Seafoods is one of the largest wholesale suppliers of seafood such as salmon, pomfret, roe, shrimp, lobster, carbs, kingfish, and many more. It is known to supply some of the highest quality seafood, both domestic and international. It has helped them grow tremendously in the last few years. By broadening their horizons, in this digital age. They would like to be one of the largest wholesale suppliers of seafood all around the globe. | <urn:uuid:ae7d44d2-2506-46ed-ba5e-49ba988213ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://goldenseafoods.in/mangalore-seafood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.978824 | 339 | 1.976563 | 2 |
ټول حقوق د منډيګک بنسټ سره محفوظ دي
Elephants (pil in Pashto and fil in Dari) are not indigenous to Afghanistan. However, they have had a significant presence in and impact on the country. The first of them seem to have arrived in 305 BC when an Indian ruler sent 500 war elephants to the Hellenistic empire, which then stretched across western Asia, in exchange for control of most of what is today modern Afghanistan. Elephants would become war machines and symbols of power at later Afghan courts, as well. The last elephant on Afghan soil – Hathi, in the Kabul Zoo – was killed in 1993 in factional fighting. In the following essay, AAN guest author Shah Mahmoud Hanifi (*) brings to life another of Afghanistan’s fascinating ‘hidden histories’, one that spans more than 2,000 years.
Elephants are an effective means by which to examine the frontier status of Afghanistan in relation to India over the historical longue durée.1 In doing so, an ‘elephant frontier history’ can also shed light on the cultural content of Afghan identity. This essay historically tracks elephants in the geographic space now known as Afghanistan. I will demonstrate that elephants are a key index of the porousness, unevenness and changing nature of India’s northwestern Afghan frontier. I will also argue that elephants serve as a potent symbol of the contradictions within modern Afghan nationalism that has by-and-large elided historic connections to India, particularly during the British colonial period.2
Before addressing modern elephantine history in and around the Hindukush mountains that geographically define modern Afghanistan, a few words on the frontier concept and some brief consideration of the pre-modern history of elephants in this space, and Afghans outside of it, are in order. What needs to be made clear is that the modern territory of Afghanistan does not capture the full scope of Afghan history, and the national frame of reference for Afghans is generally historically misleading and can be culturally deceptive.
Conceptualising the Afghan Frontier
The territory now referred to as Afghanistan, and the geographical units composing and surrounding it, have been known by a menagerie of different names over the course of history. Analytically isolating a stable Afghan frontier of India is methodologically problematic due to evolving and overlapping territorial nomenclatures over the past 2,500 years or so. Over roughly the last millennium we find shifting spatial and cultural parameters of Afghan communities in relation to an historic homeland as well as in relation to India, and various regionally distinct local societies within the subcontinent’s dynamic historical landscape. These geographic and historical realities make it difficult to determine what kind of cultural frontiers (language?, religion?, social organisation?) have existed between Afghans and Indians and where the territorial frontier between Afghanistan and India lies (the Indus river?, the Suleiman Range?, Peshawar?, Kabul?).
Rather than looking for fixed cultural and territorial boundaries, a fluid and dynamic approach to frontiers is useful in this case. Simply put, the Afghan cultural frontier of India needs to be understood not through unsustainable tropes of perpetual tribal violence, religious zealotry and xenophobic isolationism, but through a set of interactive, shifting and contested territorial, linguistic, political and legal frames of reference, in addition to reckoning with the multiple different ways local populations experience the “frontier effects” in question.3 It is through this general conceptual prism that we will survey the historically dynamic elephant frontier Afghanistan represents in relation to India through the ancient, medieval, and early modern, and modern periods.
The Treaty of the Indus and the Delhi Sultanate
A historical survey of elephants in this region can begin with the Treaty of the Indus in c. 305 BC that sent 500 Mauryan war elephants to the Seleucid empire in exchange for control of Gandhara (c. Peshawar), Parapamisadae (c. region between Kabul and Mazar-e Sharif), eastern Gedrosia (c. Baluchistan, and possibly also Arachosia (c. Kandahar) and Aria (c. Herat), in other words, much of what is now modern Afghanistan with the exception of Bactria (Balkh/Mazar-e Sharif) in the north.4 The Treaty of the Indus establishes the geographic territory of Afghanistan as an interstitial borderland zone of imperial competition between Indian and Iranian civilisational spheres of influence. In some ways, this elephant exchange inaugurates the frontier history of a region that became Afghanistan more than two thousand years later.
The artistically and culturally synthetic and productive Kushan dynasty (c. 30 BCE- c. 375 AD) originated in Central Asia, was based in the Peshawar valley, and extended well into South Asia. By drawing upon cultural resources from two world civilisational spheres and combining nomadic warfare with aspects of sedentary state formation, the Kushans well represent the frontier dynamics of this region. The Kushans were culturally and religiously tolerant and absorptive of South Asian aesthetics, with Buddhist iconography quite evident in their abundant sculptural production. There is an important place for the elephant in Buddhist cosmology, including reference to sacred white elephants in the context of the Buddha’s mother’s impregnation and the former’s auspicious birth.5 The Kushan dynasty was a formative period for the more enduring cultural and artistic framework of Gandhara or the Gandharan civilisation that is typically narrated to commence with the Kushans and dissipate with the coming of Islam to South Asia via Sindh in the eighth century AD. There are elephant images on the coinage associated with the Kushan ruler Havishka (r. c. 160-190 AD), and Gandharan artistic and cultural production incorporated elephantine iconography.6
The Islamic dynasties that ruled from what is now modern Afghanistan, the Ghaznavids and Ghorids (combined rule, c. 994-1215 AD), accumulated well over one thousand elephants during their campaigns in North India, many of which were kept in the pil khana or elephant stables in Kabul and Ghazna.7 In the context of his fourteen invasions of Hindustan, Mahmud Ghaznavi (r. 998-1030) made treaties with India rulers that involved hundreds of elephants being gifted on both single occasions and repeatedly as annual tribute.8
The Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206-1398) political system incorporated multiple groups commonly understood to be Afghans, perhaps most prominent among whom were the Khilji (c. 1290-1320) dynastic rulers. Simon Digby famously argued the Delhi Sultanate to be organised around control (and denial of enemy control) of elephant and horse supply lines to the east and west of Delhi, respectively. Elephant supplies for the Delhi Sultans dwindled to the point of a mere 120 fielded ineffectually against Timur/Tamerlane in 1398 after being able to muster about 1000 elephants for battle sixty years earlier. Beyond the sea of cavalry he commanded, Timur deployed barrier lines of strung together buffaloes and camels on the outskirts of Delhi in what Sukumar refers to as the first use of a biological deterrent against war elephants.9
While Afghan populations are clearly most associated with horses during the Delhi Sultanate, we can deduce that Afghans accrued elephant knowledge and some degree of cultural consciousness about them during this period. A prominent dynastic heir to the political carcass the Sultanate became after the havoc and destruction wreaked by Timur’s invasion were the Lodis who controlled Delhi from c. 1451-1526. The Lodis are also reputed to be another Afghan dynasty in North India, and Ibrahim Lodi (r. c. 1517-1526) fielded approximately 100 elephants against Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur during the 1526 Battle of Panipat which marks the end of the Lodi dynasty and the beginning of the Mughals (c. 1526-1857).10 Babur (r. 1526-1530) successfully deployed field artillery against the Lodi elephants, an event simultaneously signaling the first large-scale use of gunpowder warfare in the subcontinent and symbolising the end stages of the elephant’s long and arguably hegemonic role in the history of South Asian warfare.11
Babur’s memoire, the Baburnama, provides information about the elephant breeding grounds in Kalpi (contemporary Jalaun district in the Uttar Pradesh Province on the right/south bank of the Yamuna River) and eastwards, about staged fights between elephants and camels, and his curiosity about the outcome of a hypothetical elephant-rhinoceros battle.12The Mughal Emperor Akbar (r. 1556-1605) represents a resurgence of elephants for a number of reasons including his own expertise as a mahout (mahawat [see below]) or elephant rider. In terms of military tactics, Akbar instituted new units of 10-30 elephants called halqahs commanded by foujdars, and a special squadron of 101 elephants reserved for the ruler himself. He devised new methods of capturing elephants, new harnesses and straps for them, and a new system of classification that ramified from daily diets for stabled elephants, through fines and punishments for mishandling or dereliction of duty among elephant handlers, to the deployment of battle elephants.13
In part due to the attention given to bhois or assistants to mahouts who are termed mahawats in Abu al-Fazl’s Persian-language Ain-i Akbari, Trautmann argues that the rich corpus of new kinds of elephant documentation generated by Akbar’s reign represents an approximation of day-to-day practical knowledge of the elephant. This form of ground-level elephant knowledge is absent in older more formulaic and theoretical Sanskrit literature about the elephant forming the Gajashastra or corpus of texts composed of versified elephant science sutras suitable for memorisation and oral transmission.14 The text most associated with formalised, state-controlled knowledge of elephants according to Trautmann is the Arthashastra.15
Before and during the Mughal era, elephants held a conspicuous presence in the realm of ambassadorial visitations and diplomatic gift exchanges, both within the Mughal empire itself and between the Mughal polity and the Ottomans, Safavids, Portuguese and French.16 In this context, we continue to see an interplay between Afghans and elephants well outside of the geographic northwest frontier of India. During the Mughal period there were historically well-sustained interactions between Afghans and elephants occurring in Indian cultural settings distant from the northwest Afghan frontier, in locations such as Ahmadnagar in Maharashtra. These interactions outlived the Mughal empire itself, for we have evidence of Afghan mahouts in Bengal in the early twentieth century.17 The key point here is that on the cusp of the modern era, the Afghan cultural frontier extended well into India.18
The term Afghan is used in Ghaznavid historiography, and during the early modern Mughal era it acquired a much wider geography. During the Mughal period, the Pashto language was first textualised and the term Pathan enters the historical record, and both developments historically and substantially infringe on the meaning of “Afghan”. All of this is to say two things. First, from the ancient through the modern period we have considerable information about elephants in the region of our concern. Secondly, prior to being associated with a polity of “its” own and thus as a conceptual anchor for modern geographical cognition, the term Afghan carried multiple forms of cultural, linguistic, territorial, and political expression that cumulatively expand and destabilise its semantic range. A narrow use of the term tends to elide elephants from consideration, while an expansive cultural and historical understanding of the term Afghan brings elephants to light in a geopolitical space where their presence has been quite impactful, as we shall see.
Readers are now prepared to consider elephants in modern Afghanistan. What follows demonstrates that elephants played a number of distinct and important roles at various stages of the Afghan polity’s development from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century using the following periodisation:
(i) the emergence of an empire of conquest under Ahmad Shah Abdali (r. 1747-1772), and the territorial retraction of that polity under his son and dynastic successor Timur Shah (r. 1772-1793)
(ii) during the polity’s reconfiguration in the context of the colonial encounter with British India beginning with Mountstuart Elphinstone’s inaugural embassy to the Kingdom of Kabul in 1808 and culminating in the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-42)
(iii) the “interim” years between the First and Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1880) during the reigns of the Amirs Dost Muhammad (r. 1826-39 and 1842-63) and Sher Ali (r. 1863-6 and 1868-78)
(iv) under the “Iron Amir” Abd al-Rahman (r. 1880-1901), and
(v) during the reign of Abd al-Rahman’s son Habibullah Khan (r. 1901-19) when expressions of nationalism first appeared in Afghanistan
Attention to the living memories of elephants in Afghanistan from the middle of the twentieth century to the present will conclude this essay.
Ahmad Shah Abdali and Timur Shah Durrani19
There are two primary Persian language sources that directly and extensively treat Ahmad Shah, the commonly accepted founder of modern Afghanistan in the eighteenth century, who received the now popularised appellation Ahmad Shah Baba in the context of twentieth-century nationalist historiography.20 Ahmad Shah’s official history, the Tarikh-e Ahmad Shahi does not use the term Afghanistan that was to become historically legible during the next century in the context of colonialism. Ahmad Shah’s official history treats elephants in at least two instances. The first involves reference to Ahmad Shah writing to an ally about the movement of a mobile treasury and fil khana or elephant unit soon after the assassination of Nadir Shah Afshar in 1747.21 Ahmad Shah was a trusted official of Nadir Shah, and while he may or may not have had a hand —directly or indirectly— in Nadir Shah’s murder, it is that event which propelled him to follow the well-worn path of invading North India which Ahmad Shah did seven times over the next twenty years in the context of creating a short-lived Afghan empire. In the context of the politically turbulent eighteenth-century Indo-Persian world, the use of elephants as mobile treasuries appears as a practical expedient Ahmad Shah would have been familiar with, in addition to his clear awareness of their military and ceremonial functions.
The Tarikh-e Ahmad Shahi recounts a not uncommon scene of an elephant execution. In this instance, three individuals were brought before Ahmad Shah. Of this trio, Nur Muhammad and Mian Daud were pulverised into invisibility by elephants. The third, Abd al-Rahman Khan (not the ruler discussed below), watched his comrades disintegrate and was then hoisted in the air by an elephant trunk and deposited in front of Ahmad Shah who granted him clemency and the new position of Royal Cannon Master.22 Elephants are here shown to be influential in commanding the loyalty of subordinates.
While the Tarikh-e Ahmad Shahi is a near contemporaneous biography of Ahmad Shah written in highly opaque metaphorical prose, the official history of Afghanistan composed during the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century, the Seraj al-Tawarikh, is a more consciously chronological narrative of the Afghan state and its officials, written in considerably more accessible but still flowery formal prose. This important and extremely valuable text is based upon extensive use of government records, but it was produced under conditions of elite patronage that could and did at times over the long course of the text’s production resemble censorship including various degrees of non-cooperation, lack of sanction or political disfavour of the work.23
The Seraj al-Tawarikh also narrates an elephant execution in Ahmad Shah’s presence, but in a different context and with different victims than narrated in the Tarikh-e Ahmad Shahi. The Seraj al-Tawarikh addresses the use of elephants during a siege, and in its coverage of the famous 1761 Panipat battle against the Marathas this official history records Ahmad Shah accruing a great haul of booty including 500 elephants.
The last elephant incident during Ahmad Shah’s reign recounted in the Seraj al-Tawarikh involves a scene where a defeated rival with a blackened face is paraded seated backwards on an elephant.24 In sum, for Ahmad Shah’s period, the Tarikh-e Ahmad Shahi gives us fiscal duties and public executions, while the Seraj al-Tawarikh adds battle functions and public ceremonial humiliation as uses for elephants by the founder of the Afghan kingdom.
The Seraj al-Tawarikh recounts Timur Shah reviewing troops on an elephant and one of his Generals ceremonially circling the elephant Timur was sitting on three times before departing to a battle as the commander of 18,000 horsemen. Timur Shah had the corpse of a notorious Khyber Pass bandit from Dakka, Arsala Khan Momand, dragged around Kabul city by an elephant. During Timur’s reign, the use of elephants in the diplomatic gift economy in and revolving around the Afghan kingdom is documented for the first time. The context here is Prince Qaisar (not Timur’s son) defecting to the Qajars from his post as Governor of Herat and presenting the Qajar Shah with an elephant in return for which he received a khilat or robe of honor.25 In his amazing excavation of complex source materials in multiple languages to produce a narrative cartography of Afghanistan roughly since the coming of Islam, Henry George Raverty indicates that Timur Shah’s elephant stables were on the western outskirts about two kos (c. 4.5 miles) from Jalalabad, near the Tomb of Rustam Khan.26
Colonialism I: Mountstuart Elphinstone and the First Anglo-Afghan War
The nineteenth century history of elephants in both India and Afghanistan largely follows the determining influence – however strong, weak, inconsistent, and/or contradictory – of British colonialism in South Asia. During this period, British colonialism brought Afghanistan to life as a discrete cartographic entity and as a unit of political economy on the fringes of British colonialism and global capitalism more broadly.27 The British first made formal diplomatic contact with the Afghan ruler Shah Shuja in 1809. In the context of global imperial anxiety about a French invasion of India, the British East India Company (BEIC) organised Mountstuart Elphinstone’s embassy to what was then normatively understood as the Kingdom of Kabul. The widely circulated and extremely influential publication resulting from Elphinstone’s mission is titled An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, and it, along with archival records of the mission, provide useful information about elephants.
We must appreciate that Elphinstone was very familiar with the practical and symbolic uses of elephants, as well as local cultural and political meanings of camels and horses. This is not to say that Elphinstone was a veterinarian or zoologist, only that working knowledge of these three animals was then essential to BEIC diplomats and officials in India. The extensive diplomatic embassy that resulted in An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul involved 13 elephants, two of which were to gifts to Shah Shuja. Elphinstone had to personally pay in advance out of his own pocket and then seek reimbursement from the Company for mission supplies including two elephant howdahs purchased in Calcutta for Rs. 1,200 each.28 Elphinstone describes that when crossing the Indus on the way from Delhi to Peshawar, the elephants alone swam across the mighty river near Dera Ismail Khan, using mid-stream islands as way stations, while all other animal and human elements of the huge embassy that stretched two miles took boats and ferries to cross this imposing natural frontier.29
Elphinstone waited for a royal audience in Peshawar (not Kabul!) for weeks during which time Shah Shuja delivered sumptuous and over-extravagant feasts to the British mission using elephants for effect. When Elphinstone finally had his chance to be received by the Afghan ruler, Shuja’s officials confiscated the elephants’ mahouts’ accoutrements at the entrance to the royal gate of the Bala Hissar palace-fort compound.30
The Account of the Kingdom of Caubul indicates that Shuja had a “few elephants” at the time of their encounter. From Elphinstone we also learn that while the Afghan ruler would sometimes move about publicly by elephant, a mode of transport favored by his harem, Shuja himself preferred to be carried by the Indian Nalkee, a palanquin either above or below poles that rested on the carriers’ shoulders.31 However, as both a giver and receiver of elephants, Shuja was heavily invested in a vibrant ceremonial gift economy then operative in proto-Afghanistan and wider South Asia that was unevenly transitioning between Mughal and British rule.32
Shuja was displaced as ruler of the Afghan kingdom almost literally as the ink dried on the treaty he signed with Elphinstone in Peshawar in 1809. For most of the next thirty years, Shuja resided in the stipend custody of the British in Ludhiana. Before reaching his colonial refuge in the Punjab, Shuja endured humiliation at the hands of Maharaja Ranjit Singh by being caged and dragged around Lahore by elephant. While in Ludhiana, Shuja repeatedly petitioned his British hosts/patrons/captors for remedy from the visual vulnerability of his harem women through the practice of locals passing by his assigned residential compound on elephants.33
Shuja’s reign was legitimised by the Elphinstone treaty, and Shuja leveraged that connection with the British to undertake a failed attempt to recover his former throne in Kabul in 1832-34.34 At a crucial turn of events as the recuperative effort was about to be aborted near Kandahar, Shuja faced a momentous decision on top of an elephant. Shuja’s choices were to charge or flee, and he gave the signal to his Anglo-Indian military advisor Campbell to rush upon the enemy. Campbell charged ahead, was injured, captured and ultimately defected from Shuja’s forces. As Campbell pressed ahead, Shuja commanded his mahout to turn his elephant around and flee, thus commencing an ignoble, defeated return back to colonial custody in Ludhiana.
Shuja’s attempt to recover Kabul from Dost Muhammad had very little official public British support. The exiled king’s luck turned in 1839 when the British allied with Maharaja Ranjit Singh to conquer Kabul and secure it as a market depot for the Indus river trade.35 Ranjit Singh entered the colonial orbit in 1831 when Alexander Burnes was assigned to deliver a set of five horses to the Sikh ruler as a way of establishing diplomatic relations. Despite being organised around the strategic and symbolic value of horses, Burnes’ visit to the Sikh court in Lahore was dominated by elephant ceremonial activity, from initial encounters, through negotiations, to tours and public audiences, and pachyderm gifts to the Governor-General.36 After his time in the Punjab, Burnes went on to visit Kabul and Bukhara and the publication resulting from his journey to Central Asia made him famous and influential in England and India. Burnes was a primary actor in the First Anglo-Afghan War in which context he had helped to secure the multiple thousands of camels necessary for the Army of the Indus to invade Kabul.37
It is unclear whether through his local practical knowledge and contacts Burnes would have also helped to secure the elephants that were used by the British forces. It is also unclear if the elephants used would have been rented or purchased or if they came with mahouts or if mahouts and their assistants could have been contracted through the elephant labor market. Sir William Macnaughten was the official ambassador to Shuja’s colonially refashioned royal court, and he was a competing center of authority in relation to Burnes throughout the British occupation of Kabul. The rivalry and factionalism among the British forces personified by the tension between Burnes and Macnaughten is often referenced as a primary cause of the catastrophic failure and total loss that the First Anglo-Afghan War was for the British. Macnaughten used elephants as a ceremonial means of transportation, and at least one of Macnaughten’s elephants was stolen near Kandahar en route to Kabul in 1839. During the course of the war, Dost Muhammad’s son Wazir Muhammad Akbar Khan used elephants for public transport for himself, and on at least one occasion he had Alexander Burnes along as a passenger in his howdah.38 Despite their differences, both Burnes and Macnaughten shared a common understanding of the ceremonial use and symbolic value of public mobility on elephants. There appears to have been no high-value, well-documented military function for elephants during the First Anglo-Afghan War. They were used for ceremonial transportation almost exclusively.
Dost Muhammad surrendered to the British at the start of the war and was then taken into custody and pensioned in North India (Dehra Dun and Mussoorie primarily, with brief appearances in Calcutta), a form of colonial cloistering much like Shuja experienced in Ludhiana after meeting Elphinstone and being deposed thirty years earlier. The massacre of the Army of the Indus upon its fatal retreat from Kabul in January 1842 was followed by hyper-vengeful wanton killing and destruction in Kabul and elsewhere in eastern and southern Afghanistan perpetrated by General Pollock’s Army of Retribution in the summer. In the fall, the British provided Dost Muhammad with two ceremonial transport elephants with howdahs for his colonially propelled recycling back to power in Kabul after the utter debacle of the First Anglo-Afghan War.39
Colonialism II: Dost Muhammad and Sher Ali
There is little evidence of elephants in rural areas of Afghanistan, and the few elephants present in Kabul and other cities and large market towns such as Kandahar, Jalalabad and Ghazni would likely have been confiscated or killed by the Army of Retribution given its directives and patterns of behavior. The two British Indian elephants Dost Muhammad rode back into power in Kabul likely continued to be used for state ceremonial purposes, despite drastically scaled back ritual pretensions of the hollowed out state structure left in the wake of the First Anglo-Afghan War.
The short-lived Kabul kingdom was effectually gone, and a new Afghanistan connected to British India was emerging. Two key related aspects of the colonial realpolitik were boundary and mutual defence treaties with Afghan rulers in return for cash and other kinds of subsidies. In 1855 Dost Muhammad signed a treaty with the British about the defense of Herat against the threat of a Persian (with Russian support) occupation of the city, in return for which he received an elephant. He received an unknown number of additional elephants from the British in exchange for his loyalty to them during the Great Revolt of 1857, when Dost Muhammad did not join the mutineers and in fact protected a British delegation then resident in Kandahar. In his second tenure as ruler Dost Muhammad reinstituted a practice we saw under Ahmad Shah, that is, the public execution through elephant trampling with Sahibzadah Fateh the victim in this instance.40
Sher Ali succeeded Dost Muhammad as ruler of Kabul upon the latter’s death in 1863. Sher Ali appears to have been much more interested in elephants than his predecessor. Militarily, he was likely the first Afghan ruler to deploy atwap-e pili or elephant swivel guns.41
In 1869 Sher Ali traveled to Ambala in British India for a durbar with the Governor General Lord Mayo. Durbars were then becoming increasingly common as a method used by the British to recognize local rulers while subordinating them to the hegemonic logic of British power partly through the conspicuous ritual displays and ceremonial uses of elephants at these “invented traditions”. Sher Ali apparently broke with protocols the British intended for him to follow because he had to petition for special permission to enter the durbar parade grounds on an elephant. Seraj al-Tawarikh records that Sher Ali left Ambala with an imperial gift of 19 elephants.42 These elephants from Ambala likely exponentially increased the number of elephants in Afghanistan. The visibility and social consciousness of elephants in Kabul (at least) surely increased during Sher Ali’s rule.
Colonialism III: The Second Anglo-Afghan War and Abd al-Rahman
The Second Anglo-Afghan War occurred in a substantially transformed technological environment in comparison to the first war. The industrial revolution that was getting underway in the 1830s had substantially matured by the end of the century. Military technology was noticeably transformed between the two Anglo-Afghan wars, photography had become commonplace, communication through telegraphy and transportation through railroads and steamships sped up and expanded dramatically. The industrial printing of popular publications such as the Illustrated London News and The Graphic routinely provided images and narratives from the imperial periphery to a metropolitan public that thirsted for current information and visual stimuli from the colonies.
As a result of this conjuncture, we have a large number of photographs of the second war where a very prominent role for elephants can be seen. In the Second Anglo-Afghan War elephants were not used for royal transport or diplomatic communication, but rather for the transport of large volumes of industrially produced artillery which could either be disassembled and loaded on elephants or configured on wheeled carts and dragged by elephants.43
Through an emerging mass media, the Indian elephant was valorised not only as one of nature’s largest and most impressive elements that had been thoroughly tamed by the might of the British empire; the elephant was also shown to be scientifically manipulable by and for modern industrial usages. The elephant’s configuration within various schemes of military regimentation (loading, marching, standing, drilling) for photographs that were increasingly widely circulated was a masterful manipulation of an Indian symbol for an imperial public clamouring for information and imagery from the latest Afghan war. This point is most tangibly materialised by the medal with a gun-carrying elephant that was issued by Queen Victoria to veterans of the Battle of Ali Masjid in November 1878 and other military actions that occurred during the course of the Second Anglo-Afghan War.44
Abd al-Rahman was selected by the British to facilitate a more orderly withdrawal from Afghanistan before their second invasion and occupation of the country could reach a point of unravelling as happened so dramatically and suddenly during the First Anglo-Afghan War. Abd al-Rahman was anxious to serve the British for reasons that surely included their well-earned reputation for dispensing bountiful cash subsidies and magnificent material gifts to local allies. It is somewhat ironic to note that when it became time for Abd al-Rahman to meet with his suitors and formally cement their unequal relationship of mutual dependence, elephant protocol appeared to be on the mind of the client but not patron in this colonial exchange. Seraj al-Tawarikh indicates that Abd al-Rahman called upon a local ally to provide an elephant used to carry tents, beddings and utensils necessary to host such a meeting to the chosen site at Zimmah near Charikar, roughly thirty miles north of Kabul.45 It does not appear the British, via their representative Major Lepel Griffin, arrived with any elephant or ceremonial intent. For the British, Abd al-Rahman’s appointment was more of a private, hidden business transaction than an agreement worthy of public ritual elaboration, and certainly not one involving elephants. The effectual silence about the context and terms of this critical relationship in the British media is mirrored in Afghan historiography that elides the colonial conditions that gave rise to Abd al-Rahman as Amir of Kabul.
The continued subsidisation of Abd al-Rahman allowed the British to map the various boundaries of Afghanistan, a most lucrative process for Abd al-Rahman, that was completed by 1893 with the establishment of the Durand Line which remains the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan today. The 1893 agreement increased Abd al-Rahman’s annual colonial subsidy by 50 per cent from 12 to 18 lakhs cash per year.46 The majority of these funds were directed to the industrialisation project known as the mashin khana, literally machine house, or more commonly the Kabul workshops started by Sher Ali but greatly expanded by Abd al-Rahman through colonial capital provisioned in proportions the former could not have ever reasonably imagined. It is Abd al-Rahman’s propensity for industrial production and his willingness to use industrial warfare (the materiel for which were the primary products of the workshops) against the Afghan citizenry that generates the popular moniker “The Iron Amir” for Abd al-Rahman.
Immediately after signing the boundary treaty with Durand, Abd al-Rahman went on a spending spree and embarked on a wholesale reorganisation of the political economy of what we can now refer to without qualification as Afghanistan.47Abd al-Rahman’s spending was primarily for items related to his pristine but growing industrial complex that essentially routed colonially provisioned capital back to its source and against the Afghan people. One of the first major transactions Abd al-Rahman arranged after the Durand agreement was the purchase of 21 elephants from his agent in Mumbai.48 As was the case with all international traffic to the Afghanistan that Abd al-Rahman and the British co-produced, these elephants were routed through Peshawar and the Khyber Pass to Kabul, and apparently one of these elephants perished on the journey. This purchase generates the first modern historical reference to a fil khana or elephant stable in Kabul. Three years later, in 1897, Abd al-Rahman purchased another 21 elephants. However, the mahouts associated with this second group of elephants refused to proceed beyond Peshawar.49 These elephants eventually reached Kabul, but Seraj al-Tawarikh does not indicate whether the original mahouts accompanied or later joined the elephants they were driving to Kabul.
We are now able to envision something in the range of 50 but likely not more than 60 elephants in Kabul in the late nineteenth century. These appear to be used primarily for transport of heavy industrial machinery, a function that becomes much more thoroughly documented in the twentieth century. It is also clear that Abd al-Rahman used elephants for capital punishment, but it is important to understand this mentally unstable sadist’s range of execution styles went well beyond elephants to include public starvation pits and cages, boiling, cannoning etc., proclivities that could not have escaped the striking mahouts’ notice.50 One of the many European technocrats Abd al-Rahman contracted for services related to the workshops and the machines that arrived there by elephant was Frank Martin.
Martin describes a time after a cholera outbreak when Abd al-Rahman left Kabul and went to his “shooting box” a few miles north of the capital city where he stayed for weeks at a time with his court and entourage. On this occasion, one of the royal elephants went into musth,51 killed its mahout and fought aggressively to hold approximately twenty armed horsemen at bay until it was driven into a pit. It was then decided to administer four pounds of camphor, opium and hashish (each) to temper the condition, which instead proved fatal for the elephant. Martin also indicates that elephants were used in state ceremonies, with his description coming from their use during a public celebration of the Eid al-Qurban holiday.52
Colonialism IV: Habibullah, Global Contractors and the Elephantine Elision within Nascent Afghan Nationalism
As the twentieth century progressed, these experts of one kind or another continued to arrive in Kabul for state contracted work, but they increasingly used automotive transport to enter and exit the country.53 However, at least one early twentieth-century visitor, the British leatherworks contractor Ernest Thornton who traveled with his wife Annie to Kabul in 1906, used five elephants for baggage alone.54 The Thorntons describe a particularly large piece of heavy machinery that was loaded on a specially designed cart dragged by four elephants from Peshawar to Kabul. Mr. Thornton’s work allowed access to the state workshops that contextualize a second elephant discussion that usefully treats the bureaucracies surrounding the animal. In this narrative the Peelwan Bashi or Master of Elephants appears subject to the strict oversight of Habibullah’s brother Nasrullah. The Thorntons also allude to a separate requisition procedure in place for chained elephants.55 This reference suggests a bureaucratic distinction between different categories of work and transport elephants, a division of labour that would have also involved the 18 elephants mentioned as being for the Amir’s personal use for touring, dragging artillery pieces on military marches, royal processions, and road building.56
The Thorntons describe elephants used in 1908 as a fire brigade to tear down structures near the flames so as to prevent their spread in Kabul. They mention the seasonal wintering of elephants in the significantly more temperate climate of Jalalabad, which also likely helps to explain the location of Timur Shah’s fil khana near the city.57 The Thorntons’ book includes a photograph of the four elephants that were used to ceremonially transport Habibullah’s slave wives during the public wedding procession of his younger half-brother Muhammad Omar Jan, who was born to their father Abd al-Rahman’s favourite wife, Bibi Halima.
The quarrels described among royal slave wives over boarding the howdahs perched on these four scarlet-robed animals positions the pachyderms within the complex dynamics of harem politics in addition to highlighting their service in reinforcing royal masculine power in public rituals.58
The Thorntons state that “elephants figure largely in the court life in Kabul”, and they reference Habibullah’s frequent duck hunting excursions in the marshes near the Bala Hissar as evidence of this practice.59 Duck hunting on elephant receives attention in the Seraj al-Tawarikh, and it must have been among Habibullah’s favorite pastimes, as there are a conspicuously large number of photographs and lithographs of many different types documenting this particular activity. The images of these elephantine duck hunting expeditions appear to have been part of Habibullah’s international branding policy because some were incorporated into the global print media in the United States including the Chicago Tribune, and others were circulated in Europe through the medium of French-produced but Afghan Government-embossed postcards.60
The demography of the foreign technocrats contracted by the Afghan state evolved from primarily British and Anglo-Indian cadres to include other Europeans, Americans, and a number of (Ottoman subjects and) Turkish nationals. Elephants were very much associated with the journeys of Ottoman Turkish officers to Afghanistan as indicated by their prominence in photographic records of these officials’ travels.61 During Habibullah’s reign, the American engineer A.C. Jewett was contracted for hydroelectric work at the Jebal al-Seraj or Mountain of Light power station about fifty miles north of Kabul in the Parwan Province.
In an article based upon his experiences in Afghanistan, Jewett notes the emerging competition between elephant and automotive transport, and in his later book he describes the tension, literally, when an elephant transport caravan composed of nine carts and 15 elephants carrying large industrial machinery including armatures and turbines totaling 27,900 pounds crossed three bridges en route between Peshawar and Kabul.62
The narrative of his book also includes a discussion of how elephants starved to death every year in Kabul because the fil bashi in charge of them when stabled siphoned their rations, and the officer responsible for them during transport work did the same when the elephants were used away from the stables. This observation situates the perhaps 30 elephants in Afghanistan in the first decades of the twentieth century within a similar plight as other animals and hundreds of thousands of Afghan people who were suffering in the context of increasingly fragile economic conditions in the country. These precarious economic conditions were precipitated in part by modernisation projects designed primarily for the Kabuli elites who were increasingly enamoured and overwhelmed by Euro-American technology, gadgetry, clothing, furniture, and forms of entertainment such as the Western aristocratic propensity for duck hunting on elephants.
The Seraj al-Tawarikh informs us that in November 1907, when returning from Qataghan in northern Afghanistan, Habibullah dispatched his civil chamberlain ahead to prepare arrangements at the halting points on the way back to Kabul. The official was instructed to leave an elephant without a howdah at a certain point in the Panjsher valley in case it would be necessary to use when crossing what can at times and places be a mighty and formidable Panjsher river.63
While familiar with the use of elephants for crossing rivers, hauling machinery, serving in public ceremonies and for royal hunting excursions, knowledge of this practical serviceable utility was very likely unaccompanied by cognisance let alone appreciation of elephantine history, particularly insofar as elephants represent the deep historical connections between Afghanistan and India and therefore also symbolise the formative role played by British Indian colonialism in creating and sustaining Afghan political elites in Kabul. Inspired by Euro-American-centered versions of modernity, in the early twentieth century Afghan nationalists, including royals and their spokesmen, fetishised new industrial technologies such as cars and planes, which came at the expense of intellectually embracing age-old organic technologies such as elephants, and resulted in considerable heritage-editing by erasing Indian cultural connections and British colonial dependencies wherever possible from the official historical record.
Living Memories of Elephants in Afghanistan
It is unlikely there were more than a dozen elephants in Afghanistan in the 1930s and 1940s, but they were a part of local cosmology. In the 1940s, an Afghan government publication served notice regarding one of the dwindling number of local “Afghan” (?) elephants named Sher Bahadur.
This elephant became famous for winning the races held for public display at Habibullah’s son Enayatullah’s wedding ceremonies. As a result of this victory, the elephant was either renamed or adopted the name of its mahout, Sher Bahadur, meaning Brave Lion. The elephant later became popularly known as Fateh Bahadur meaning Brave Victor as a result of the whole city hearing the animal’s strained moans and groans as it dragged a cannon up one of Kabul’s many hills in a futile and sadly comical effort at defending the city against the aerial bombardment of the palace compound on 24 May 1919 in the context of the brief Third Anglo-Afghan War. This brief and largely bloodless conflict is officially recognised in Afghanistan as the War of Independence from British India, the historical irony being that with negligible exceptions the colonial experience is an unreferenced, near-taboo subject in official histories.64This colonial shadow play ultimately yields insufficient social and cultural energy and motivation, which become the primary challenges Afghan nationalism has yet to critically engage, let alone surmount, if it is to ever resonate among the general populace.
The author’s father, Dr. M. Jamil Hanifi, who was born in Surkhab, Logar province in the mid-1930s and educated in Kabul until an Afghan Government scholarship brought him to the US in 1956. He recounts local folklore about unfaithful women being trampled by Abd al-Rahman, and hearing (them trumpeting) but not seeing elephants. A friend and age mate of the author’s father, Mr. Samad Salah, who remained in Afghanistan and spent his professional career with the Ministry of Mines and Industry, recalls the name of two elephants, Toti (sometimes rendered Tota) meaning parrot, and Myna, in reference to a noisy species of starlings found in Kabul. Mr. Salah reports that elephants were stabled at the fil khana north of the Pul-e Kheshti bridge across the Kabul river in the old part of city known as the Naghara (Naqqara) Khana, the Drumming/Parade ground, where civic festivals were held.65
The author concluded the original 2016 version of this paper by addressing the death of an Afghan elephant in the United States, referencing 2013 media reports of the death of an arthritic 46 year old, Kabul-born female elephant named Judy at the Baton Rouge Zoo in the state of Louisiana. The author used what appeared as significant public mourning of Judy’s passing to address the extra-territorial, synthetic aspects of Afghan identity. In that piece the author raised questions about memories of homelands among diaspora populations, and his final point was to draw attention to the disparity between how we tend to view Judy’s historical experience and social attachments through the human lenses of nationalism and globalization in comparison to the very different frames of reference through which Judy experienced and remembered her world and relationships.66
That 2016 paper was posted on the internet, and in 2018 the author heard from an authoritative source who corrected my understanding of Judy’s Afghan birth. He was corrected about Judy’s Afghan genealogy by Dr. Gunther Nogge, the former President of the World Association for Zoos and Aquariums (1994-5) and Director of the Cologne Zoo (1981-2007), who worked at the Kabul Zoo and Kabul University 1969-1973.67 Dr. Nogge’s important correction led the author to contact the Baton Rouge Zoo, and learn of a North American Elephant Studbook maintained at the Portland Zoo in Oregon, USA. That work indicates Judy was born in the wild in an unknown location in Asia in 1967, arrived at the Louisville Zoo in 1969, and was transferred to the Baton Rouge Zoo in 1975.68
Dr. Nogge also informed the author that the only elephant ever held at the Kabul Zoo named Hathi was a gift from the President of India, V. V. Giri, to the Government of Afghanistan in 1973. According to an elephant database maintained in Sweden, Hathi was a female born in the wild and killed in 1993 in the context an internationalised civil war wherein factional fighting resulted in the extensive destruction of large sections of Kabul. The Kabul Zoo is relatively close to the Karta-ye Seh section of the city that was decimated by factional fighting involving primarily Hezb-e Wahdat, Hezb-e Islami (Hekmatyar) and Jamiat-e Islami. Hathi was struck by a rocket propelled grenade and charged around her compound for 10 days before succumbing to her wounds.69 Hathi’s innocence and suffering is a painful reminder of hyper-militarisation and the pernicious consequences of war for humans, animals and Afghanistan’s precious natural environment including most fundamentally and therefore most egregiously the dangerously irreparable degradation of our water supply.
(*) Shah Mahmoud Hanifi is Professor of History at James Madison University where he teaches courses on the Middle East and South Asia [https://www.jmu.edu/history/people/all-people/hanifi.shtml]. Hanifi’s research and publications have addressed subjects including colonial political economy, the Pashto language, photography, cartography, animal and environmental studies, and Orientalism in Afghanistan.
- The Annales School of historiography is the reference point for the longue durée perspective. Braudel 1981: 334-435, dealing with animal energy and transportation is of particular relevance for present purposes.
- I have addressed this omission and elision through colonial political economy, the biography of the Durrani ruler Shah Shuja ([r. 1803-09 and 1839-42]), and the history of the camel. See Hanifi 2011a, 2012b, and 2013 and respectively. See also Hopkins 2008 and Green 2011. For foundational statements on modernity and nationalism in Afghanistan see Schinasi 1979 and Gregorian 1967 and 1969; for more recent work see Hanifi 2012a, Crews 2015 and Green 2015.
- Hopkins and Marsen 2013 and Hopkins 2015.
- For the terms of the Treaty of the Indus see Kosmin 2014: 33. For elephants in the historical record prior to that time, including the 15 Indian elephants involved the Battle of Gaugamela between the Persian King Darius and Alexander the Great in 331 BC and the 200 elephants deployed by King Porus against Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes (Jhelum river) in 326 BC see, among other sources, Trautmann 2015: 191-6, 223-8, and passim, and Wink 2002: 95.
- Gokhale 1974.
- There is, for example, a small 21 cm, c. second-third century figurine of an enthroned Buddha on an elephant positioned forward near the neck where a mahout or elephant driver sits, not as a passenger ensconced in a howdah or elephant carriage toward the middle of the animal (see here; accessed 15 July 2016).
- Wink: 104, references the pil khanas of Kabul and Ghazna and indicates the number of elephants controlled by the Ghaznavids could have been as high at 2,500. Sukumar 2003: 75, indicates Mahmud Ghaznavi inspected a muster of 1,300 elephants in 1023-24 AD and his son Masud 1,670 elephants in 1031. Wink 2002: 102, references copper coins with Ghurid rulers mounted on elephants. For more on the Ghaznavids and Ghorids, see Bosworth 1963, 1967, and 2001.
- See Flood 2009: 79-80, for a one time gift of 50 elephants from the Hindu Shahi King Anandapal that is likely memorialised in a miniature painting accompanying the Majma al-Tawarikh by Hafiz-i Abru that was produced in Herat in 1425, and a treaty with the Raja of Naryanpur for an annual tribute of 50 horses.
- Digby 1971: 80; Sukumar: 76.
- Sukumar ibid.
- It is important to note here that Babur is buried in Kabul, as is Mahmud in Ghazni, but that neither figure is publicly celebrated as an “Afghan” despite the accommodating cultural framework of a Persianate state structure that arose in the context of Mughal imperial decentralisation in the mid-eighteenth century, a process that was hastened by the invasions of Nadir Shah Afshar (r. 1736-1747) and Ahmad Shah Abdali (r. 1747-1772), and the emergence of the British East India Company (BEIC) as a major territorial power in South Asia. See below for more on Ahmad Shah and the BEIC. See Singh 1959 for Ahmad Shah Durrani and Lockhart 1938 for Nadir Shah Afshar.
- Babur and Thackston 1996: 312, 335 and 426-7 for the rhinoceros-elephant battle curiosity, Kalpi, and a camel-elephant fight, respectively.
- See Abu’l Fazl: I, Ains 41-48 on elephants, and Trautmann 2015: 171-81, and passim for more on Akbar and this text as a sources of information about elephants. Citing a source from the Jahangir’s reign (c. 1605-1628), Gommans 2002: 123, provides the number of 40,000 elephants in Mughal military service.
- Trautmann 2015: 145-51, identifies and discusses five printed Sanskrit texts that form the Gajashastra literary canon. The Arthashastra is a manual of statecraft first associated with the Mauryan Dynastic (c. 321-185 BCE) Minister named Chanyaka (or Kautilya) who served the Emperor Chandragupta Maurya (r. c. 321-297 BC) and who is commonly viewed to be the original primary author. The Arthashastra contains a wealth of elephant information and after original formulation by Chanyaka/Kautilya it was modified until stabilising as a more completely “frozen text” during the Gupta empire (c. 320-550 AD) or roughly one thousand years before Akbar.
- Sukumar 2003: 75, notes that the the post-Gupta period began a proliferation of textual, artistic and architectural production organised around Ganesha, the elephant headed deity worshipped by Hindus (Shaivaites [as opposed to Vaishnavaites] especially).
- Posch 2015; Subrahmanyam 2012: 140-2.
- Fitzgerald 1907 for an Afghan mahout named Nasri Khan in Bengal.
- Green 2008 very usefully demonstrates this point.
- Ahmad Shah changed his tribal name from Abdali to Durrani after the Afghan polity congealed, a conspicuous and important political and cultural manoeuvre that has attracted too little scholarly attention. Timur Shah is consistently referred to as Timur Shah Durrani.
- al-Husayni 1974 (hereafter TAS), and Katib Hazara 2013 (hereafter ST) are the two key texts, and Ghobar 1944 generated Ahmad Shah’s second referential metamorphosis.
- TAS: Ff. 49-51.
- TAS: Ff. 66-69.
- McChesney 1999, 2013 and 2015.
- For the elephant execution see ST: I, 19; for the siege and Panipat booty see ST: I, 38; for the face-blackened rival, see ST: I, 54. Note this defeated enemy being placed on an elephant, albeit with his allies similarly configured on donkeys and mules, is somewhat unusual in the sense of elephants being a high status symbol not ordinarily utilised by the weak and unentitled.
- ST: I, 61, for review of troops; ST: I, 62, for the General circling Timur Shah; ST: I, 55, for corpse-dragging. See Lally 2015 for diplomatic gifting of horse portraits, in addition to horses and khilats or robes of honor, all of which were primary elements in the Mughal patterns of diplomatic gift circulation that would likely have had some degree of structuring influence on the elephant gifting under discussion here.
- Raverty 1976: 53. See Hanifi 2011b for more on Raverty.
- Hanifi 2011a.
- Hanifi 2019 and Mountstuart Elphinstone Papers, British Library Oriental and African Studies Reading Room, Mss Eur F88/107, that also indicates Rs. 180 was expended on repairs for three elephant howdahs. Dalrymple 2013: 6, indicates that news of these “elephants with golden howdahs” reached Shuja prior to Elphinstone’s arrival in Peshawar.
- Elphinstone 1972: 29. See Elphinstone 1972: 653, for the official cartographer on the mission, Lt. Macartney, referencing the same elephant swimming incident and describing how he used it to help gauge the depth and flow rate of the Indus at that crossing point.
- Elphinstone 1972: 46.
- Elphinstone 1972: 142, for reference to a few elephants, and Elphinstone 1972: 242, for Nalkee description.
- ST: I, 101, 114, 122, 125, 132, 160, 169, and 173. This animal gift economy also included horses and camels.
- Hanifi 2012b.
- 34. Ibid.; and Latif 1989: 461-463, and passim.
- For more on the Indus market scheme that led to the First Anglo-Afghan War, see Hanifi 2011a: 51-76.
- Latif 1989: 455-7, and passim pp. 437-96; Burnes 1992: I, 18-33, and passim pp. 1-80.
- See Morrison 2014: 466-7; Hanifi 2011a: 68-72, and passim pp. 3-94.
- Dalrymple 2013: 102, describes Akbar Khan’s use of elephants during his interactions with Burnes. Throughout this book, Dalrymple provides a number of other references to and details about the elephants in use by both Maharajah Ranjit Singh and British occupation forces, as well as among British and Anglo-Indian civilians such as Macnaughten’s sister Emily.
- ST: I, 327. It should be noted that there were a number of survivors from the disastrous retreat of the Army of the Indus from Kabul in January 1842 who remained as hostages until the summer of that year. Through her recording of this time in captivity Lady Sale has become the most well-known of these hostages, and at least one edition of herAccount of the Disasters in Affghanistan 1841-42 (Lady Sale 1900) had an embossed golden elephant with an ornate howdah on its cover. I thank Farrukh Hussain of Silk Road Books and Photos (accessed 3 December 2019) and Paul Bucherer-Dietschi of Phototheca Afghanica (accessed 3 December 2019) for correcting my original understanding of that book cover being from Lillias Hamilton’s A Vizier’s Daughter (Hamilton 1900), and for a great deal of additional professional support on a wide range of issues.
- ST: II, 110, for Sahibzadah Fateh being trampled by elephant at orders of Dost Muhammad’s sons Akbar Khan and Sher Ali; Hanifi 2011a: 121-52, for more on the British subsidisation of the Durrani Afghan rulers in Kabul. See ST: II, 38 and 54, for the British gift of one elephant in 1855 and multiple elephants in 1857, respectively.
- ST: II, 145.
- ST: II, 222.
- See Khan 2002 and Hanifi 2018 for more on early photography of Afghanistan and Afghans. See also Chuter 1900: 112-7.
- See the abundant online images of these particular medals.
- ST: II, 329.
- See Hanifi 2011a: 121-52.
- Hanifi 2011a.
- ST: II, 1285.
- See Lee 1991 for a discussion of Abd al-Rahman’s extremely poor mental and physical health.
- ST: III Tatimah (Conclusion); ST: IV, 146-7.
- The word musth enters English through Sanskrit and the British colonial experience in India. In Farsi Persian mastmeans agitated, intoxicated, or over-excited. Masti in Dari Persian means animated or energized, as in the Kabuli context of describing Pashtun dancers of the tribal atan as masti, a word that can also be invoked as fun play as in the phrase “masti boku” or “go play and have fun.”
- Martin 1907: 139-40 for musth, and ibid., p. 280 for ceremonial use.
- For more on automobiles in early twentieth-century Afghanistan, see Green 2013.
- Thorntons 1910: 34.
- Ibid. for cart; Ibid., pp. 60-2 for bureaucracy.
- Ibid., pp. 114-5.
- Ibid., p. 68. In addition to a picture of the ceremonial elephants, the Thorntons also provide a picture of elephants transporting royal luggage on page 69.
- Ibid., p. 114-5. For an elephant involved in road building in Afghanistan in 1937, see the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee/American Geographical Society Library Digital Photo Archive (accessed 15 July 2016).
- ST: III Tatimah (Conclusion); ST IV, 2037; Chicago Tribune 1907; Souvenir d’Afghanistan 1925. However, it is important to note that such photos also circulated and were retained in the royal household, for which see Seraj and Dupree 1979.
- Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture 2011.
- Jewett 1920. See Jewett 1948: 102, for a picture of his primary work elephant named Pari, which means fairy.
- ST: III, Tatimah (Conclusion); ST: IV, 2076.
- Kushan 2005: 58-60, references the Kabul Magazine story about Sher/Fateh Bahadur. The location of this elephant’s strenuous action is the Sher Darweza mountain in the southwest of the city, specifically the Bala Koh eastern portion that slopes down toward the Bala Hissar.
- See Schinasi 2008, (unpaginated) plates 14 and 15, for photos of the interior of the Naghara Khan in 1941 and the north face of the structure in 1928, respectively. The Naghara Khana is located in today’s Jad-e Shahi section of the city, south of Pashtunistan Wat.
- The first version of this paper was presented at the University of London School of Oriental and African Studies 2016 Elephant Conference held at the Centre for Ecological Sciences of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore (accessed 19 December 2019). For a photo of Judy and news of her death in March 2013, see here (accessed 18 August 2017). For additional information about Judy and other elephants at the Baton Rouge Zoo see here (accessed 3 December 2019).
- Dr. Nogge has written in German about the elephant in Afghanistan (Nogge 2018; see here in German and Dari). The author is very grateful to Dr. Nogge for his communication about Judy and Hathi and for his ongoing professional support as I seek to understand animal history as a component of the environmental history of Afghanistan.
- Keele: 51.
- For Hathi’s arrival at the Kabul Zoo as a three year old see the Kabul Times of 20 June 1973 (accessed 3 December 2019). For a photo of Hathi within a year or two of her death see Elephantes por Steve McCurry (accessed 19 December 2019). For a record of Hathi’s death see this elephant database (accessed 3 December 2019).
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Hanifi, Shah Mahmoud. 2019. “A Book History of An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul”, in Mountstuart Elphinstone in South Asia: Pioneer of British Colonial Rule, Shah Mahmoud Hanifi, ed. London and New York: Hurst & Co. and Oxford University Press.
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https://www.elephant.se/database2.php?elephant_id=3991 [accessed 3 December 2019]. | <urn:uuid:c07432fd-2319-4bd5-9080-93aef7da7a58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mundigak.com/en/2020/07/01/elephants-in-afghanistan-surveying-the-history-of-a-pachyderm-cultural-frontier/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.92383 | 16,977 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Health & Wellness
Can dogs eat ham?
Yes — but other proteins are better treats.
One whiff of the savory ham you’re serving, and your dog just can’t help it – he edges to the table with his big puppy eyes begging for a bite. But should you toss your favorite pet a slice of ham?
According to Dr. Lindsay Butzer, PetMeds’ small animal veterinarian and general practitioner, ham isn’t the worst snack for your dog — but it isn’t the best snack either. Sure, you can share a small bite of ham with your pup, but there are a lot of healthier options he’s sure to love.
And even though ham is generally safe for your pup, always consult your vet before introducing a new food item to their diet. You should also watch out for added elements like garlic, onion, salt and preservatives that are toxic for dogs, Dr. Butzer says.
Is ham good for dogs?
Ham isn’t necessarily good for dogs, Dr. Butzer says — it’s fatty and high in sodium, making other proteins a better doggy snack. The bigger issue with ham is all of the other added ingredients — like sodium and preservatives.
“Those pasteurized salts, phosphates, dextrose and other added ingredients can be toxic to dogs,” Dr. Butzer says.
If you can’t ignore those puppy eyes (we don’t blame you), Dr. Butzer says a small piece of ham is OK. When it comes to regular snaking, try reaching for other pork-based treats that don’t have added salts, sugars and preservatives.
What happens if a dog eats ham?
A small amount of ham can trigger gas and other abdominal discomfort to your pet. Larger amounts of the salty snack can cause bloating, diarrhea, vomiting and lethargy. A diet that routinely includes high-sodium foods can eventually lead to serious medical conditions, like kidney disease and seizures, Dr. Butzer warns.
Food allergies to chicken and beef are more common than allergies to pork, but dogs can be allergic to this widely enjoyed protein too. When introducing your dog to new foods, keep your emergency preparedness plan within reach so that you can act fast if they need medical attention.
RELATED: Can dogs eat chicken bones?
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Can dogs eat turkey ham?
Turkey ham is a leaner version of this popular protein. It’s equally as processed, salted and generally as unhealthy as pork ham, so a less salty snack is best for your pooch.
Can dogs eat honey ham?
Lathering or baking honey on top of the salt and fat of this treat doesn’t make it any healthier for our pups. Fortunately, honey isn’t toxic to dogs, so don’t sweat it if your pup swipes a bite.
Can dogs eat ham deli slices?
Like your baked ham, sliced deli ham often has preservatives and added salt, which makes it unhealthy for dogs.
Can dogs eat ham bones?
Ham bones are always a no-go for dogs. Although you may be tempted, Dr. Butzer says you should never give ham bones to your dog to chew on.
“Pork bones aren’t safe for dogs — they can splinter and crack when your dog gnaws at them, potentially leading to choking or damage to the throat and digestive tract.”
If your dog does get ahold of a ham bone, you should take it away as soon as possible. Signs your dog is choking on anything (including a ham bone!) include pawing at the mouth, gagging or retching, coughing, turning blue, silence or collapsing. All pet parents should also know how to act fast in emergency pet choking situations.
If your dog gets his chops on some ham, don’t panic! A small bite won’t harm your pup, but ham is best left out of the treat rotation. If you do decide to treat your pup to something off your plate, treats shouldn’t exceed more than 10% of your pup's daily caloric intake.
We’re confident ham isn’t the only human food your dog would love to sink their teeth into (cue the drool). Check out our series “Can dogs eat” to learn more about which human foods are off-limits and what’s fair game.
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Beekeepers and their bees have different preferences and needs, which means the ideal bee feeder can vary from one colony to the next.
Selecting the right bee feeder can be difficult for those who are just beginning their beekeeping journey. Fortunately, there are plenty of options available to suit the needs of each individual beekeeper.
Each bee feeder type has unique advantages and drawbacks, so let’s explore an assortment of the most popular feeders to help you decide which one is perfect for your colony.
Why Use a Bee Feeder?
Using a bee feeder is essential during two specific time periods:
- at the onset of colony establishment, and
- during the cold months of winter
This is when the colony is likeliest in short supply of food, so your bees may starve if not provided with sustenance.
Every beekeeper should monitor for food shortages before implementing a bee feeder.
Bees are mostly self-sufficient, so you likely won’t need to keep a bee feeder on the hive year-round – they function more as a helping hand through difficult times.
Let’s get into the different types of bee feeders to select from.
The first major type of feeder is an entrance feeder, which consists of a jar that rests outside the hive, with a feeding tray used to slide into the hive’s entrance for quick access.
The jar is loaded with syrup, which drips from onto the tray. One benefit of an entrance feeder is that you can easily keep track of the feed level because the jar sits outside the hive. On the other hand, one negative is that the jar is more likely to freeze during cold months if exposed to winter elements.
Top feeders are considered the most well-built type of feeder.
A solid 10-frame hive (like these high-quality designs available from Dadant and Sons) can hold up to four gallons of syrup.
Beekeepers often prefer this style because their design makes for easy refilling without disturbing the hive. A steel safety screen that helps keep your bees from drowning comes with the top feeder.
Baggie feeders consist of two main parts: plastic feed bags to fill with syrup, and a frame that lies just under the hive’s inner cover. With an effortless but effective design, your bees will access syrup easily once you delicately slit the bags.
This type of feeder is best for beekeepers who are on a tight budget, but be careful because the bags need to be replaced often and it can create an unwanted mess.
In-hive feeders (like this one from Dadant and Sons) are the best way to keep your bees safe from other bee colonies and harmful pests. These feeders replace one of your frames and sit inside the hive.
They come in both 8 and 10-frame equipment sizes and can be used with both medium and deep hive bodies. They are easy to refill and can hold up to one gallon of syrup.
To prevent your bees from drowning, the in-hive feeder comes with a unique feeding tray that is easy to clean and maintenance-free.
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Prevent, detect, control
CABI's Action on Invasives programme focused on strengthening national and regional capacity to respond to emerging invasive pests. CABI helped countries to identify and manage risks posed by invasive species and improve coordinated response to invasions through effective communication and deployment of sustainable agricultural technologies.
Social impact studies conducted through the Action on Invasives programme assessed the costs of invasive species on farmers' livelihoods. The programme also analysed national and regional capacities to prevent, detect and control invasive species in order to protect and restore agricultural and natural ecosystems, and provided support to countries in improving them.
For more detailed information about CABI's work on invasive species, including evaluations of the programme's impact, please visit our dedicated invasive species website. For the latest news and insights on invasive species, please visit the blog. | <urn:uuid:ad791516-180f-42cc-bca6-7e8f76e3cd77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.plantwise.org/impact/action-on-invasives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.904186 | 166 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Yoga is various schools of meditation which unfortunately has been unfairly and incomprehensibly misunderstood by various religious views, based on vague notions that it is only and entirely Hindu prayer. Yoga is used in medicine and especially widely in the USA and Canada for treatment of severe stress that worsens pain. Also, stress causes or aggravates various pathological conditions, such as hypertension, tachycardia, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrinological disorders, etc.
Yoga is essentially a spiritual discipline, which focuses on achieving harmony between mind and body, it is the art and reason of healthy living and comes from the Sanskrit root “Yuj”, which means “to connect” or “to unite”. or “mate”.
The practice of Yoga aims to achieve a perfect harmony between the spirit and body of man and nature and according to the religious concepts of Hinduism the union with the universal divine being. Whoever experiences this unity of existence is said to be in Yoga and is called a Yogi, having attained a state of freedom, in all spheres of life, as health and harmony are the main goals of Yoga practice.
The main forms of Yoga derived from Hinduism are the so-called “four paths”.
- Karma Yoga (Karma Yoga), which is fulfilled strictly within the boundaries of castes (class classification of Indians) and is the path of action
- Jnana Yoga, which is the path of knowledge, the exercise of knowledge, and the expression of self-control and self-denial
- Bhakti Yoga, which is the path of devotion, allowing people’s emotions and desires to flow freely rather than being suppressed by the asceticism of Yoga.
- Raja Yoga, the method that includes special postures of the body, breathing methods, repetition of appropriate phrases for contemplation.
Yoga is about harmonizing ourselves with the universe, used in the Western Hemisphere and is not aligned with a particular religion, belief system or community. It has been approached as a complementary healing modality for inner well-being, reaping benefits regardless of creed, ethnicity or the culture.
In conclusion, Yoga is generally known as an exercise of self-concentration associated with posture and breath control. In modern medicine, various forms of meditation aim at absolute sobriety, calmness, gentleness and elimination of negative emotions, such as anxiety.
Professor of Dermatology
President Hippocratic Academy of Thermal Medicine
President World Academy of Chinese & Complimentary Medicine | <urn:uuid:e547ca2f-17a4-4efa-a813-4e14dbfbe03d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elitour.org/news/medical-wellness-and-yoga-meditation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.953124 | 531 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Implementing Mixed-Criticality Systems Upon a Preemptive Varying-Speed Processor
A mixed criticality (MC) workload consists of components of varying degrees of importance (or "criticalities"); the more critical components typically need to have their correctness validated to greater levels of assurance than the less critical ones. The problem of executing such a MC workload upon a preemptive processor whose effective speed may vary during run-time, in a manner that is not completely known prior to run-time, is considered.
Such a processor is modeled as being characterized by several execution speeds: a normal speed and several levels of degraded speed. Under normal circumstances it will execute at or above its normal speed; conditions during run-time may cause it to execute slower. It is desired that all components of the MC workload execute correctly under normal circumstances. If the processor speed degrades, it should nevertheless remain the case that the more critical components execute correctly (although the less critical ones need not do so).
In this work, we derive an optimal algorithm for scheduling MC workloads upon such platforms; achieving optimality does not require that the processor be able to monitor its own run-time speed. For the sub-case of the general problem where there are only two criticality levels defined, we additionally provide an implementation that is asymptotically optimal in terms of run-time efficiency.
Z. Guo and S. K. Baruah, "Implementing Mixed-Criticality Systems Upon a Preemptive Varying-Speed Processor," Leibniz Transactions on Embedded Systems (LITES), vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 3:1 - 3:19, Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Jan 2014.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.4230/LITES-v001-i002-a003
Keywords and Phrases
Mixed Criticalities; Varying-Speed Processor; Preemptive Uniprocessor Scheduling
Article - Journal
© 2014 Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, All rights reserved.
01 Jan 2014 | <urn:uuid:f8298862-971f-4c88-bb3c-6ab4ac09b46c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/comsci_facwork/434/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.872127 | 495 | 1.921875 | 2 |
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David Attenborough embarks on an extraordinary journey to unravel one of nature s most gripping stories the evolution of flying animals. The power of flight is one of the greatest miracles of nature. Over one hundred billion creatures soar through the air today - from nectar-drinking hummingbirds, to armoured airborne beetles; from bats hunting in the black of night, to bizarre winged lizards. The film travels back in time to unravel the astonishing 300-million-year story of how these animals first appeared, and then evolved into the huge variety of aeronauts that fill our skies today. Only now, using the latest scientific analysis, can he reveal the hidden mechanics behind their gravity-defying skills. Ground-breaking 3D cameras, high speed filming and stunning CGI bring the viewer closer than ever to this astounding aerial world. | <urn:uuid:8294408a-0e98-4b84-a7da-2fd93da197be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.documentaryarea.tv/video/Conquest%20of%20the%20Skies%20The%20first%20to%20flight/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.873029 | 192 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Boys’ Versus Girls’ Trick-or-Treat Habits (continued)
The first experimental subject (unbeknownst to him) to arrive at my door was Darth Vader. On being offered the choice of a package or a big candy bar, he hesitated long enough for two other groups to pack up behind him. Then he picked the package. So did Tinkerbelle, a Space Man, and a small tiger with a painted face. The latter gave me my first statistical problem of the evening: was it a boy or a girl?
I guessed ‘boy’. But so far, EVERYONE had picked the package. What was I to make of this? The alternative was a big bar, a sure thing.
Lesson one: they had a bag full of candy. Regardless of the size, the bar was just more of the same. The package, however, represented a novelty, and was therefore more desirable – at least on this candy-crammed night.
Which is why my toothbrushes were received with great joy this Halloween, as I knew they would be.
But back to my study, which was beginning to show serious flaws besides the fact that gender is not always discernible when a child is in costume.
The next group was not so surprised to see the two baskets. Almost all the girls went for the packages. But half of the boys (I think they were boys) chose the candy bars. This trend intensified throughout the evening. by the time the last few items were gone, my chart was showing boys always choosing the sure thing, and girls always taking the risky package.
What was going on here?
So I threw scientific protocol to the wind and asked the next group. It seemed that the word was out all up and down the street that the big blue house was giving out something unusual. You see, the kids didn’t wait until they got home to open their packages—they tore them open as they walked, and everybody got to see. And then, if they didn’t like what they had, they tried to swap with somebody else.
What was skewing my results were all those girly items—particularly the makeup samples. The boy’s items were perfectly acceptable to a girl, but not so the reverse! And they couldn’t always be traded. So the boys quickly perceived it as a very risky choice – literally choosing between a sure – if overabundant – thing in the candy bar, or the 50-50 likelihood of getting the equivalent of a lump of coal in the stocking: the dreaded mascara sample! While the girls would get something unusual and fun, either way.
I can’t even remember what grade I got on my project, although I do remember it being the case-in-point for the Professor to discuss using controls and double-blind setups. But I did learn to think very hard about the context of a thing before coming to a conclusion on cause and effect. | <urn:uuid:039a928b-0e68-433f-9b3b-0d2b012e7737> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emilylcotton.com/2012/11/09/boys-versus-girls-trick-or-treat-habits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.981348 | 618 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Today a quick re-post from the Denzinger-Bergoglio website. Consider this post as a continuation of the thread started in the She Blinded Us With Science! post (see here).
If you told me that Newton was a genius, I would accept that. But you must admit that Jorge Mario Bergoglio surpasses him by far. Newton discovered the law of gravity, the law that so greatly affects our lives from the moment we come into the world…Well, Francis has abolished it! Isn’t that clever?
Of all those who have occupied the Chair of Peter, Francis is surely the one who stands out due to his propensity for drilling holes in the dikes of the Church, to liberate the waters of passions “unjustly” held back by the solid walls of almost two millennia of doctrinal “intransigence”. And this is much more harmful than the surface hammerings of others. It is noteworthy that as soon as the document Amoris Laetitia was launched, the international press immediately drew attention to an aspect which Francis had relegated to the footnotes; as though together, they…
View original post 1,083 more words | <urn:uuid:f50b37d8-858d-494c-9379-aa4952c6f605> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sarmaticusblog.wordpress.com/2016/05/11/i-francis-hereby-abolish-the-law-of-gravity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.972654 | 246 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Stories from Prison
Posted in News Story
“They’re my squad,” she told the class as she presented Elvin Johnson, Ricky Bryant, and William Lawson.
The men were also her former students, but at a very different institution. The trio had all been inmates at one time or another at the now-shuttered District of Columbia correctional facility in Lorton, Virginia. All had served decades in prison for a variety of offenses, mostly stemming from drug and alcohol abuse.
Before the men met O’Connor, who is also founder of Georgetown’s Prison Outreach Program, they had hardly written a page of text. The men were all products of the DC Public Schools system during their formative years in the 1970s and 1980s. The school district was not only plagued by a lack of resources and management, but it was also struggling with ongoing issues of race and poverty. Back then, you merely had to show up to pass, and sometimes you didn’t even have to do that.
But after taking classes with O’Connor at Lorton, the men saw a change in themselves. This time, they wanted to learn. They weren’t focused on hustling or doing drugs. They were focused on thesis statements, sentence construction, and basic composition.
“Once we began to learn and read, it was so exciting. It was a shift in direction, and I really enjoyed learning,” Johnson told the class.
This year marks the Prison Outreach Program’s 30th anniversary. And Johnson, Bryant, and Lawson are living proof of its power to transform.
O’Connor, whose academic expertise is in the narratives of violence, began teaching Prison Literature at Georgetown a couple years after the Prison Outreach Program got off the ground. She saw the class as a bridge between the real world of the prison and the university.
“I feel like the work we do in the classroom should never be disconnected from the work [the students] will do for the rest of their lives,” O’Connor said. The class has evolved over the years from the time O’Connor first began teaching it, but it has always had at its center a focus on the prison experience as told by the people living it.
According to O’Connor, students’ interaction with current or former inmates is crucial to their understanding of what they are studying. Over the years, her students have taken classes alongside inmates at Lorton and the two groups have critiqued each other’s work. O’Connor’s students have also served as tutors to prisoners like Johnson, Bryant, and Lawson.
Getting a university to come inside the prison and teach inmates was a tough sell, Johnson told the class. But, O’Connor says, it was ultimately the inmates’ persistence that got Georgetown inside the prison walls.
While the Lorton inmates contacted all the universities in the DC area to invite them to come and teach inside the facility, only Georgetown responded. Soon, the partnership between the two institutions was changing prisoners’ lives, and probably some students’ as well.
“The most gratifying thing I ever laid eyes on was a woman who was determined to have me learn,” Johnson said about O’Connor. “The cellblocks changed because we all started talking about school.”
Bryant told the class that even though he signed up to take the prison outreach classes with O’Connor, none of his fellow inmates thought he would make it. He was a hardened troublemaker who had done more than three decades of jail time.
“But I always wanted to learn. I surprised them because I was one of the most determined to learn,” he said.
For Lawson, the fact that a school like Georgetown would venture into Lorton was inconceivable, especially given that all the other colleges they had reached out to had turned them down. That’s why he considers O’Connor to be an “angel.”
“She came through when the need was so great. A lot of us were functioning at our lower selves,” Lawson said.
Lawson felt so strongly about his prison outreach classes that he would do anything to prevent them from being disrupted. He once spent six months in solitary confinement after trying to stop a fellow inmate from “screwing up” a Georgetown visit.
O’Connor’s Prison Literature class is composed of students of all stripes, including many like Laura Higbee (C’15), who are also prison outreach volunteers. The experience of working in local prisons, as well as what she’s learning in O’Connor’s class, is helping inform Higbee about the real state of American prisons.
Higbee, an American studies major, says she took the class after spending last summer interning at the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Ultimately, she wants to go to law school and seeing the system from all angles—including the perspectives of current and former inmates—is critical.
“I think it’s so important to gain perspective from the other side of the criminal justice system,” Higbee said. | <urn:uuid:8cc15d11-9f91-4d35-b91d-c89474c8b551> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://college.georgetown.edu/news-story/stories-from-prison/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.981607 | 1,105 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Reusing Existing Data
Can I use someone else’s data?
The short answer is yes!
One of the ideals of open data is that data is as freely and openly accessible as possible to encourage the reuse of data. Data can be expensive and time consuming to collect, so where possible the reuse of data is encouraged to efficiently use available resources and promote collaboration. The reuse of data is viewed favourably by funders. In fact, the ESRC actually requires the researcher to justify the collection of new data as part of their application for funding. Therefore, before collecting research data you should consider if any suitable data already exists which you could reuse.
(One caveat to this is if you're a doctoral student it may be a requirement of your study programme to collect your own data. Please consult your supervisor.)
If you’re planning on using someone else’s data there are a number of things you should be aware of. You need to be aware of the scope and limitations of the data: e.g. when was it collected, whether it can be used to answer your research question, etc. Does the associated metadata (information describing their data) give you sufficient information for you to make that judgement? You will also need to be aware of the licence under which the data you wish to use has been released. This is to ensure that you can use and share the data as you intend.
Where can I find existing data to reuse?
There are variety of resources to explore for secondary datasets, whether you are looking for new data for a study, verifying your own data, calibrating models or for teaching.
Where you look may be driven by the type of data you are looking for, from general purpose to subject-specific repositories, repository directories, aggregators, portals and search engines. Some examples are listed below (by no means an exhaustive list).
Don’t forget to also make use of any personal contacts, including academics colleagues and supervisors!
Within research articles themselves:
It’s worth highlighting that you may also find datasets within the relevant publications themselves. There’s an increasing drive from publishers for authors to include information about how to access the underlying research data. So when exploring related literature (e.g. journal articles) you may be able to see how to access (e.g. DOI and other links) and use the data in the published literature itself.
Another avenue for finding data (and publishing data, for that matter) is data journals. Data journals are journals that publish and share datasets for other people to access and reuse. The figure below from Candela et al. (2015) shows the concept of data journals.
Data Journal examples:
- Data in Brief (Elsevier)
- Earth System Science Data (ESSD) (Copernicus Publications)
- Geoscience Data Journal (Wiley)
- Scientific Data (Springer Nature)
- Ubiquity Press Metajournals, including archaeology, humanities, psychology open software, health data and bioresources.
They are national and international online databases, which contain research data. Typically, this research data can be downloaded and re-used.
The Registry of Research Data Repositories re3data.org is good place to start to look for data across a variety of subject areas. To use the re3data.org website (below), select Browse from drop-down menu and then click in area of interest on the wheel. This is a good place to start a search as it provides a global registry of data repositories from different academic disciplines.
Some examples of subject-orientated repositories are:
- NERC Data Centres (environmental data) - Five data centres covering all aspects of environmental science.
- Pangaea (Earth & Environmental Science) - Open Access library aimed at archiving, publishing and distributing georeferenced data from earth system research.
- UK Data Service ReShare (economic and social research data) - The UK's largest collection of social, economic and population data for research and teaching purposes covering a range of different disciplines.
Library subject pages:
The Library’s subject pages are a useful place to start
Other places to look for research data:
You may also like to look at other database/repository/search options include:
- FAIRsharing - A catalogue of databases, described according to the BioDBcore guidelines, along with the standards used within them.
- EU Open Data Portal - Data includes geographic, geopolitical and financial data, statistics, election, results, legal acts, data on crime, health, the environment, transport and scientific research.
- DataCite Metadata Search - DataCite gathers metadata for each DOI assigned to an object. The metadata is used for a large index of research data that can be queried directly to find data, obtain stats and explore connections.
- DataONE Search - Earth observational data.
- DataSearch (Elsevier) - Search for research data across domains and types, from many domain-specific, cross-domain and institutional data repositories.
- Registry of Open Data on Amazon Web Services - Discover datasets that are available via AWS resources.
Services: Statista (Campus License) - Statistics and data within 600 industries and 50+ countries.
Google Dataset Search - Dataset Search enables users to find data sets stored across the web by way of a simple keyword search. | <urn:uuid:1a3ec4be-2064-4664-82fb-f8207ecd6d8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.library.port.ac.uk/w822 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.874421 | 1,127 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The excavation of a mass grave in the former open-case mine of Kizevak, located in southwestern Serbia, was concluded on Wednesday yielding the remains of at least nine victims.
Using DNA analysis, the government of Kosovo has been able to identify the remains of two victims of the Rezalle massacre in 1999.
A press statement issued by Kosovo authorities affirmed that “based on anthropological examinations, the minimum number of exhumed individuals is nine.”
Ibrahim Makolli, Chairman of the Working Group of the Kosovo Delegation for Missing Persons demanded answers from Serbia about the whereabouts of other mass graves where the victims of the Kosovo war lie.
“There are a number of suspected locations in Serbia that we believe will be addressed in the coming months and weeks,” Makolli told the media during a press conference.
Makolli reported that Serbian officials suspect that 16 mass graves exist across the country. Kizevak is the fifth to be discovered, and he reiterated that they will demand answers for the 11 remaining locations.
In April 1999, 98 Albanian civilians were executed in the village of Rezalla. The village still reports 44 missing persons. Two of the victims were found in the village right after the war, while 29 others were discovered in a mass grave in Serbia’s Rudnica – a location close to Kizevak.
Teams from Serbia and Kosovo began excavations in Kizevak in 2015, but their efforts intensified after mortal remains were confirmed on November 16.
The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) explained that the identification of the exact location where the human remains were found in Serbia, was possible through aerial images from 1999.
The International Committee of the Red Cross made the aerial images from 1999 available to the Kosovo Government Commission on Missing Persons and the Serbian Government Commission on Missing Persons at the end of 2019.
Over 1,600 people are still listed as missing since the end of the war in Kosovo in 1999. | <urn:uuid:fa309391-4f23-4e6f-8e98-0b0a6c980b53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://exit.al/en/2021/05/26/kosovo-confirms-remains-of-at-least-nine-victims-in-serbia-mass-grave/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.967852 | 416 | 1.914063 | 2 |
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