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Shearer, William M.||Williams, J. David
M.A. (Master of Arts)
Department of Speech
English language--Dialects--New York (State)--New York
This study was undertaken to determine whether two dialects are in use in New York City. One hundred and fifty-nine students were surveyed in the Bronx Community College and Long Island University, DeKalb Avenue Extension by means of a questionnaire designed to elicit information regarding language background. From this information 43 students were selected. A total of 29 subjects actually participated, the others either refusing or being absent when the recordings were made. The subjects read aloud a phonetically edited experimental passage (Fairbanks' Rainbow Passage) while a tape recording was made. The tapes were transcribed phonetically by the experimenter, cheeked by another advanced student in Speech Pathology and then re-transcribed by the experimenter. A listing was made of the phonetic transcription of each word spoken by one subject in a particular borough. The phonetic transcription of the same words spoken by every other subject from that same borough were compared with the first speaker and any differences in pronunciation were noted. In this manner two lists were made, one representing the similarities and differences among the Brooklyn speakers and one representing the same among the Bronx speakers. A tape was presented to a panel of 15 judges all of whom were from the midwest and all of whom had had one course in phonetics. They were instructed to listen to the two minute samples for learning purposes and then to evaluate the one minute tests in terms of whether they represented a Brooklyn or Bronx speaker. At the conclusion of the testing situation the judges were asked to indicate what enabled them to identify the speakers as they had. From the results of this evaluation the subjective results of the study were drawn. There are apparently subtle differences which enable some listeners to distinguish between the two boroughs.
Berger, Phyllis Naomi, "A phonetic analysis and comparison of some Bronx and Brooklyn speakers" (1965). Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations. 467.
v, 27 pages
Northern Illinois University
Rights Statement 2
NIU theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from Huskie Commons for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without the written permission of the authors. | <urn:uuid:b2bc480b-b8f8-43ca-9dca-3b15623739ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://huskiecommons.lib.niu.edu/allgraduate-thesesdissertations/467/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.956241 | 556 | 2.484375 | 2 |
EPA Set to Withdraw Trump-Era Rule That Gave Oklahoma Power on Tribal Land
- The EPA in 2020 granted Oklahoma authority to administer environmental programs on tribal lands.
- Oklahoma tribal nations criticized the EPA for not consulting with them on the decision.
- The EPA said Wednesday it plans to withdraw and reconsider the move after consulting with tribes.
The Environmental Protection Agency announced plans Wednesday to withdraw and reconsider a decision made during the Trump administration that gave the state of Oklahoma authority on environmental issues on tribal lands.
“Our sovereign Tribal partners continue to have significant concerns with the EPA’s previous decision and the consultation process used in reaching that decision,” Jane Nishida, EPA’s assistant administrator for international and tribal affairs, said. “Today’s action reflects careful consideration of their concerns and our commitment to ensuring robust consultation on all policy deliberations affecting Tribal nations.”
The statement said the EPA consulted with Oklahoma tribal nations for months on this issue and would continue to do so to establish a framework for environmental protection and cooperation.
The EPA decided to grant Oklahoma environmental authority on tribal lands following the landmark July 2020 Supreme Court decision, McGirt v. Oklahoma. The ruling said a large swath of land in Eastern Oklahoma, including much of Tulsa, remained Muscogee (Creek) Nation reservation land.
Shortly after the ruling, Republican Gov. Kevin Stitt, a member of the Cherokee Nation, asked the EPA to grant the state authority to carry out its environmental programs on Indian lands. According to the Associated Press, Oklahoma Sen. Jim Inhofe, a Republican and advocate for oil and gas, wrote the 2005 federal law that allows states to seek authority on environmental issues on Native American land.
When the EPA granted Stitt’s request in October 2020, tribal nations criticized the agency for not consulting with them on the decision.
“Unfortunately, the governor’s decision to invoke a 2005 federal law ignores the longstanding relationships between state agencies and the Cherokee Nation,” Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. said in a statement, AP reported. “All Oklahomans benefit when the Tribes and state work together in the spirit of mutual respect, and this knee-jerk reaction to curtail tribal jurisdiction is not productive.”
The EPA will accept comment until January 31 on its proposal to withdraw the decision, with the state’s authority to administer its environmental programs remaining in place for now.
Have a news tip? Contact this reporter at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:01c2c6c8-5807-475e-b1c0-4931138ff331> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://budgetarynews.com/2021/12/23/epa-set-to-withdraw-trump-era-rule-that-gave-oklahoma-power-on-tribal-land/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.926627 | 524 | 2.078125 | 2 |
| 4. In which ways is the initiative creative and innovative?
INTAN BERKILAU through its five service components implements innovative, creative, and inclusive approaches that distinguishes it from previous mechanism as follows:
a. Integrated approach that combines information and communication technology-based service and social-based service, which comprehensively generates pro-active, public-oriented and quality land services;
b. Automated information and communication technology-based approach that is provided for free to access relevant information regarding agrarian and spatial planning matters, which has made this initiative accessible, affordable, and equitable;
c. Simplification of procedures, which is applied as an approach to undertake land certification program for citizens to gain economic resources and reform access that has enabled the poor, low income, and vulnerable people to empower themselves properly and economically and to promote feasible local economic growth;
d. Spatial analysis-based and web-GIS based services that provide real-time result and accurate spatial analysis to support one map one policy and licensing process undertaken by local and central government, as well as to assure legal certainty in the area of agrarian rights; and
e. Participative and evaluative approach that involves public participation and provides sufficient space for public to monitor, control, and give feedback concerning land services administration.
| 5. Who implemented the initiative and what is the size of the population affected by this initiative?
The implementing organization of INTAN BERKILAU is Kantah Pemalang as the inventor of the initiative and this corresponds with the accomplishment of its authorities as stipulated in Presidential Regulation Number 20 Year 2015 and The Regulation of Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of National Land Agency Number 38 Year 2016. Kantah Pemalang is vertical institution of Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency that is established in regency/city and is under and responsible to Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of National Land Agency through the Head of National Land Agency Regional Office (Kanwil).
The idea of the development of INTAN BERKILAU originated from the Head of Kantah Pemalang. This idea was later discussed within the internal organization of Kantah Pemalang for consolidation and finalization of the the initiative conception. The development of the initiative acquired full support from all personnel of Kantah Pemalang.
Following the series of discussions, Land Service Innovation Development Team was established as a part of Bureaucratic Reform Team of Kantah Pemalang. The main tasks of The Innovation Development Team were to design and build the system, to formulate technical policy and procedures of services, to evaluate and to test the system as well as to ensure the reliability and the operation of the system especially during trial. The execution of these task was directly under monitoring and supervision of the Head of Kantah Pemalang to ensure its effectiveness and acceleration of development of INTAN BERKILAU.
The development of INTAN BERKILAU was also intensively communicated and reported to Kanwil of Central Java Province. Besides, this initiative was also communicated, disseminated, and deliberately discussed with Pemalang Regency Government, House of Representative of Pemalang Regency, NGOs, mass media, and citizens of Pemalang Regency.
INTAN BERKILAU has been implemented since February 2013 and has given benefits in the area of land service administration for about 1,3millions population of Pemalang Regency.
| 6. How was the strategy implemented and what resources were mobilized?
The strategy implemented in INTAN BERKILAU was as described below:
a. Intra-institutional Approach
Focused on the strategy of capacity building and strengthening the organization of Kantah Pemalang, which comprised but not limited to the aspects of brain-ware, hardware and software, financial resources, and facilities and infrastructure of land services. At this point, the following measures were taken:
1) The establishment of the Innovation Development Team, which was assigned:
a) to assess the real condition and quality of service;
b) to identify the obstacles and problems of service;
c) to propose the solution and its steps;
d) to formulate technical policy and procedures of services;
e) to design and build the system;
f) to evaluate and test the system;
g) to ensure the reliability of the system especially during trial.
2) Commitment building of all personnel of Kantah Pemalang together with the signing of integrity pact of each individual.
3) Development and testing of INTAN BERKILAU to discover individual trustworthiness, to get feedback, to ensure the reliability, responsiveness of the system and the accuracy of the results.
4) Internalization of the concept and methodology of five service components through on-the-job training completed with the user’s guide and handbook of each service component.
5) Implementation of INTAN BERKILAU in front-office service or through mobile services equipped with the devices and performed by well-trained service officers.
6) Daily briefing prior to service hours and review of the service performance fortnightly.
7) Monthly evaluation and weekly report.
8) Introduction and publication of INTAN BERKILAU and participation in the public service exhibitions at local, regional and national levels.
b. Inter-institutional Approach
Focused on the strategy of reinforcing co-ordination, co-operation and partnership with relevant institutions that was achieved through below actions:
1) Establishment of partnership co-operation to form synergy and mutual program networking at all levels.
2) Introduction and dissemination of INTAN BERKILAU to all stakeholders.
3) Involving village government to actively participate and to encourage people to utilize INTAN BERKILAU.
4) Engaging land notaries and their professional association in using INTAN BERKILAU to process land transactions and transfer of land rights transactions.
c. Socio-culture Approach
Emphasized the strategy of encouraging inclusiveness of the people and propelling public participation in the delivery of service and social control with social and cultural circumstances being taken into considerations. In this context, these measures were put into action:
1) Involvement of public figures, traditional leaders and religious leaders to take a part in the introduction and dissemination of INTAN BERKILAU in informal gatherings or other relevant social assemblies.
2) Engagement of journalist to transmit news or announcement regarding INTAN BERKILAU via mainstream and social or social mediadi media cetak maupun online.
3) Co-operation with the local government-owned radio to air talk-show and interview program concerning spatial planning issues and land services delivered with INTAN BERKILAU on evening prime time broadcast.
4) Utilization internet-based publications and social media for more mobile and real-time access.
The mobilized resources were:
1) Brain-ware of 1 front office service manager; 1 mobile service manager; 1 administrator of SMS Center; 1 administrator of web-based GIS; 4 front office operators, 4 mobile service operators; 1 CSO and back office assistants;
2) Hardware of HP DL 380 G9 server, PC, laptop, internet modem, printer, scanner, and EDC machine;
3) Software of Windows 2005 server, ARC GIS Web-Server, SQL Server, and INTAN BERKILAU application;
4) Data of relevant digital map and land registration data;
5) Facilities and infrastructures of services.
The financial resource of INTAN BERKILAU implementation was from State-Budget and Non-Tax State Revenue that was allocated on yearly basis.
| 7. Who were the stakeholders involved in the design of the initiative and in its implementation?
The stakeholders involved in the design of INTAN BERKILAU were as stated below:
a. land service innovation development team of Kantah Pemalang;
b. bureaucratic reform team of Kantah Pemalang; and
c. Kanwil of Central Java Province.
In the implementation stage of INTAN BERKILAU, the following stakeholders were involved:
a. all personnel of Kantah Pemalang;
b. management of Kanwil of Central Java Province;
c. the Regent of Pemalang and local government institutions of Pemalang Regency;
d. House of Representative of Pemalang Regency;
e. Law enforcement institutions in Pemalang Regency;
f. Tax Office of Pemalang Regency;
g. State Auction Office of Pemalang Regency;
h. Office of Ministry of Religion of Pemalang Regency;
i. Indonesia Wakaf Agency of Pemalang Regency;
j. GSM operators;
k. financial institutions;
l. head of subdistricts and head of villages in Pemalang Regency;
m. public notary/land notary and the notary/land notary professional association;
n. state-owned enterprises, local government-owned enterprises, village-owned enterprises;
p. local mass media including radio and newspaper;
q. all citizens of Pemalang Regency as the users of land services;
r. groups of indigenous communities of Pemalang Regency; and
s. social and religious organizations and foundations in Pemalang Regency.
| 8. What were the most successful outputs and why was the initiative effective?
a. Outputs of INTAN BERKILAU are as follows:
1) Pro-active services of LAJU PEMALANG provide 12 services, which 11 out of 12 generate land rights certificates and the remaining generates information about land value.
2) STAR provides integrated land certification service and access to loan grant, which generates land rights certificate and land mortgage certificate.
3) SMS Center service generates the following outputs:
a) data/information of complaints handling, feedback, and response to public participation and aspirations;
b) information regarding among others procedures and requirements, duration of completion, and tracing position and latest status of applications;
c) data/information regarding 12 services; and
d) data/information to notify schedule of cadaster survey, verification, blocking by tax office or the court, postponement of service and announcement of physical and juridical data.
4) Spatial analysis with web-based GIS service generates the following outputs:
a) information about land value, land use and spatial planning;
b) document of technical recommendations regarding land acquisition for development for public interests and prerequisite of spatial and land use licenses;
c) worksheet map of land cadaster survey;
d) thematic map; and
e) documents of land parcels check plot.
5) Output of AYO WAKAF service is wakaf certificate.
b. INTAN BERKILAU commits and corresponds to SDGs as indicated below:
1) It enables the eradication of extreme poverty for all people in Pemalang Regency and ensures that all genders particularly women, the poor and vulnerable citizens benefit from equal economic resources and access to land services, land tenure and ownership and control over land as stated in GOAL 1 and GOAL 5.
2) It encourages the realization of GOAL 2 that the agricultural productivity and incomes of small farmers and fishers and other vulnerable group are improved and these people have secure and equal access to land and financial services.
3) It promotes the capability and empowerment of women to utilize information and communication technology to access land services as articulated in GOAL 5.
4) It fosters regional development planning of Pemalang Regency as set in GOAL 11.
5) It ensures the achievement of GOAL 16 through:
a) the eradication of corruption and bribery in land services;
b) effectiveness, accountability, and transparency of land services administration;
c) responsive, inclusive and participatory decision-making in the area of land administration and spatial planning; and
d) availability of public access to information and protection of land rights of the citizens.
| 9. What were the main obstacles encountered and how were they overcome?
The obstacles encountered during the implementation of INTAN BERKILAU are as follows:
a. The implementation of INTAN BERKILAU required vast and thorough adjustment in the delivery of services since it introduced new and different service mechanism, which applied full front-office service and the use of technology that made the former back-office services left. On one hand, the delivery of services had to continue with the new system applied and without delay due to the commitment to prioritize public necessities. On the other hand, this change had to be followed with the change of mindset, culture set and behavior set of all personnel, which demanded a process and could not instantly occur. Experiencing this challenge, the following is the taken way out:
1) internalization of the values of implementing the new system;
2) applying on the job training method;
3) providing coaching and adjunct technical assistance;
4) periodic and incidental supervisions;
5) convening daily morning brief 30 minutes prior to service hours;
6) weekly individual evaluation;
7) reward and punishment to stimulate optimum performance.
b. The unavailability and unstable internet connections since internet networks had not been evenly available throughout Pemalang. To overcome this hindrance, the mobile service of INTAN BERKILAU was operated in the locations where internet connections were available such as in sub-district office, post office or office of local government. Else, in an emergency situation INTAN BERKILAU was operated in offline mode.
c. Unreliable and unavailable of electricity infrastructure in remote areas to deliver mobile service that was anticipated with generator-set brought by Kantah Pemalang personnel for power supply.
d. Different level of public technology literacy and comprehension that was addressed through periodic and frequent dissemination of information, providing adequate and specific service guidance for special need customers and distribution of user-friendly manuals. | <urn:uuid:bc8ac4dd-8264-4618-9884-56dfe49c7fe9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://publicadministration.un.org/en/Research/Case-Studies/unpsacases/ctl/NominationProfilev2014/mid/1170/id/5031 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.909684 | 3,023 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
|Title:||THE EUROPEAN UNION CULTURE IN THE SOCIAL AMBIT||Editors:||Claval, Paul
Pagnini, Maria Paola
|Issue Date:||19-Jul-2006||Journal:||Proceedings of the Conference THE CULTURAL TURN IN GEOGRAPHY, 18-20th of September 2003 - Gorizia Campus
Part VII: Cultural Geography and Geopolitics
In 2004 Europe will become a reality of 25 countries with the widest enlargement of its
history, adding to its body 10 new countries: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Malta, Poland, Czech
Republic, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Hungary.
It will be the realization of the dream, a radical change of our history, that will realize the
premise for a global idea, definitive of those that will be the boarders of Europe and the
European reality of the future. With the enlargement the European Union will achieve an
increase of the 20% of its population to forehead of a 5-6% income increase. It will represent
therefore an effort, a political action, an investment in the economic dimension never seen
before in the history. These countries will add to our community 25% more technicians,
researchers, applied scientists, giving so the possibility to prepare the new scientific Europe of
the human knowledge that is essential to build our future. Europe will open the way to the
overcoming of the problems that the overwhelming greatness of the United States and the
impetuousness of China and Asia represent, not in the protectionism or in the closing of the
boarders, but in the development of that great resource represented by its great human
resource and by its culture.
An intergovernmental conference of the member countries has been constituted and is
operating for completing a negotiation intended to reach a new Treaty, that will finally
constitute a constitution for Europe. The text of the treaty is in advanced elaboration and
object of a heated debate.
The agreement of the E.U. countries on the future European constitution will represent a
political action of fundamental importance and historical value. We will finally have a
constitutional paper that will institute and join Europe for a future political design that will
allow the development of a participative and democratic life of the Union for a long period
and will allow also to burden itself with the great problems of the globalization as well and to
face them with unitary constructive spirit and a new political idea that is worthwhile to all the
member-countries and favors their life and activities. The stages of the run of the only process
of coming to the approval and the following acknowledgements of the aforesaid constitution
in the 25 Europe countries, when not yet wider, appear today complex and of a not easily
predictable duration, not only for the known historical-political precedents of the member
countries, but for the correlated deficits of a harmonic generalized and generalizable European
culture, whose achievement will lead to a real articulation of the times of such stages.
Culture pervades every form of knowledge and human activity, therefore, I have prepared
this paper proposing to myself to limit my reflections to the aspects to which I am currently
prevalently devoting my study pledge (the welfare state in the E.U.).
|Type:||Proceedings||URI:||http://hdl.handle.net/10077/876||ISBN:||88-8303-180-6||Rights:||© Copyright 2003 Edizioni Università di Trieste - EUT|
|Appears in Collections:||The cultural turn in geography|
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An attempt was made to form a national organization of mosquito control workers under the name "National Mosquito Extermination Society". The participants included such notable entomologists and mosquito control specialists as Wilton E. Britton, Daniel W. Coquillett, Harrison G. Dyar, Ephraim P. Felt, Leland O. Howard, Vernon L. Kellogg, Herbert Osborn, and John B. Smith. This association held only two meetings.
Yellow fever outbreak in New Orleans and Pensacola. Demonstrated conclusively that mosquito control could eliminate this disease. No further outbreaks of yellow fever in the United States.
New Jersey becomes the first state to authorize mosquito abatement districts.
The New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Association is formed.
California passes law creating mosquito abatement districts.
200,000 cases of dengue fever along the Gulf Coast from Texas to Florida.
The Florida Anti-Mosquito Association is formed.
Utah becomes third state to pass legislation authorizing mosquito abatement districts.
Florida legislature passes law creating mosquito control districts.
Illinois Assembly passes legislation (written by J. Lyell Clarke) enabling the creation of mosquito abatement districts. Cook County MADs (Des Plaines MAD and North Shore MAD) were among the first to organize.
The California Mosquito Control Association is formed.
Western states experience an epizootic event that was later traced to WEE virus.
1000 human cases and 201 fatalities reported in St. Louis from a mysterious disease was later identified as being caused by the St. Louis Encephalitis virus. EEE virus is identified for the first time in Massachusetts.
The Eastern Association of Mosquito Control Workers (EAMCW) was organized in Trenton, New Jersey on June 26. Twenty-five individuals were installed that day as charter members of the EAMCW. At this meeting, the members of the EAMCW elected Thomas Headlee of New Jersey as president, Robert Glasgow of New York as vice-president, and Thomas D. (Tommy) Mulhern, also of New Jersey, as secretary-treasurer.
The business affairs of the EAMCW were handled by the secretary-treasurer, Tommy Mulhern, who resided in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
EAMCW membership increases from 25 members to 37 members.
EEE outbreak in Massachusetts; 38 humans, 248 horses
The EAMCW membership voted to levy annual dues of $4.00 per year to cover the publication and mailing costs of a formalized booklet, called Mosquito News, which was to consist of quarterly issues. In an effort to help support this journal, advertising was also actively solicited. In March 1941, Volume 1, Numbers 1 and 2 (bound together) of Mosquito News made its appearance. The publication costs of the first volume consumed one-half of the $144.00 operating budget of the association.
EAMCW membership increases to 67 members.
Orlando USDA laboratory received first samples of DDT. First experiments on use of DDT against lice and mosquitoes revealed spectacular toxic properties.
With wartime travel restrictions in effect, the EAMCW did not hold a formal annual meeting.
On March 16, the EAMCW was renamed the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA).
AMCA assumed the responsibility of publishing Mosquito News. Starting with Volume 4(2), Robert Glasgow was appointed as its first editor.
AMCA membership dues increased to $5.00 annually.
War Production Board released DDT for civilian use.
USPHS launched Extended Malaria Control Program. In 1946, the U.S. surgeon general transferred responsibility for anti-malaria work to the newly created Communicable Disease Center (CDC). In 1947, Congress expanded the CDC's anti-mosquito mandate allocating $4.6 million dollars to eradicate malaria in five years.
Perry Ruth and Roland Dorer organize the Virginia Mosquito Control Association.
On November 30, 1948, the AMCA was incorporated as a non-profit corporation in New Jersey. The Articles of Incorporation appear in the 1948 edition of Mosquito News (8:190-192). The original incorporators were Roland Dorer, Robert Glasgow, Harold Gray, Willard King, Tommy Mulhern, TravisMcNeel, H. Duke Peters, Donald Rees, and Lester Smith.
The AMCA published its first special bulletin entitled, The Use of Aircraft in the Control of Mosquitoes. This publication, edited by Robert Glasgow, was unique in that the text of this bulletin was compiled in only three days when some fifty mosquito control experts met in Asheville, North Carolina, in October 1947.
Don Rees led efforts to form the Utah Mosquito Abatement Association.
At the AMCA Annual Meeting in Fort Pierce, Florida, the Board of Directors adopted the policy of holding annual meetings of the association in conjunction with state or regional associations around the country.
Robert Glasgow, who had served the association as the first editor of Mosquito News, retired and was replaced by Donald L. Collins. This marked the beginning of a 24-year term for Don Collins as the journal's editor.
Between 1935 and 1949 the association's business office was located at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, NJ. In 1949, Tommy Mulhern, the association's secretary-treasurer, accepted a position with the California Department of Health and moved to Fresno, California. The association's business office was relocated to Fresno.
The duties of the association's secretary-treasurer were divided. Tommy Mulhern assumed position of executive secretary. Roland Dorer (Virginia) agreed to serve as the association's treasurer. Dorer served as treasurer until 1953.
After much discussion, the AMCA membership adopted new bylaws.
AMCA Bulletin Number 2, entitled Ground Equipment and Insecticides for Mosquito Control was published with Edward J. Knipling serving as the editor.
California experienced a major WEE outbreak.
Theodore (Ted) Raley succeeded Tommy Mulhern as the association's second executive secretary. The association's business office was relocated to Selma, California, where it remained until the 1970s. Lester W. Smith of New Jersey became the association's treasurer following Roland Dorer.
Illinois Mosquito Control Association was reformed (following a temporary start in 1950). First annual conference was held at the University of Illinois.
Through the leadership of Harry H. Stage, the AMCA launched a "Good Neighbor Club." The objective was to aid individuals in foreign countries who were interested in mosquito control. The aid consisted of sponsored AMCA memberships, subscriptions to Mosquito News, and other literature. This goodwill gesture was supported by voluntary contributions from U.S. based members of the AMCA. By 1956, some 25 individuals in foreign countries were being helped in this manner.
Bulletin Number 3, entitled Mosquito Culture Techniques, was published with Helen Louise Trembley Durkee serving as editor.
Formation of the Texas Gulf Coast Mosquito Control Association and Northeastern Mosquito Control Association. Six years later (1961) the Texas organization's name is changed to the Texas Mosquito Control Association.
In 1957, the AMCA Bylaws were once again revised. The new bylaws established the position of president-elect.
Edward S. Hathaway and Anderson B. Ritter led efforts to organize the Louisiana Mosquito Control Association.
Minnesota legislature established the Metropolitan Mosquito Control District to control mosquitoes, black flies and disease-bearing ticks in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis and St. Paul.
First recorded human EEE cases in New Jersey, 33 confirmed cases between August 16 and October 15. Also that year, 56 horse cases and 16 EE outbreaks in pheasant flocks around the state. Most of the cases occured in the southern portion of New Jersey.
The AMCA published Bulletin Number 4, entitled Organization for Mosquito Control, with Harold F. Gray serving as the editor.
Publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring.
Membership dues increased to $8.00 annually.
The AMCA Board of Directors awarded the first and only Harold Farnsworth Gray Memorial Citation Award to Fred Bishopp.
William D. Murray of California appointed as the AMCA's third treasurer.
Membership dues increased to $10.00 annually.
The first and only Dr. Thomas J. Headlee Memorial Award was given to George H. Bradley.
AMCA published a revised, updated edition of Bulletin Number 2 (1952), Ground Equipment and Insecticides for Mosquito Control.
AMCA began publication of the scientific quarterly Mosquito Systematics Newsletter. Kenneth L. Knight served as the publication's editor for the next ten years.
AMCA published Bulletin Number 5, entitled Manual for Mosquito Rearing and Experimental Techniques, which superseded the previously published Bulletin Number 3. Eugene J. Gerberg served as the editor.
Creation of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The Medal of Honor Award was created to acknowledge outstanding service in the field of mosquito control, while the Meritorious Service Award was established to recognize outstanding service to the AMCA.
The journal Mosquito Systematics Newsletter was renamed Mosquito Systematics.
EPA bans DDT. Congress passes the Clean Water Act (CWA) introducing the concept of point source pollution while establishing water quality standards. The CWA was amended in 1977 and 1987 (Water Quality Act).
Ted Raley, who served as the association's executive secretary between 1953 and 1973, became the AMCA's first executive director. Raley held this post for one year. During his tenure as executive director, Raley managed the association's business affairs out of his home in Selma, California. The AMCA provided a small stipend to help defray the cost of maintaining the office.
The current official seal of the association was approved.
Donald Collins, who had served as the second editor of Mosquito News since 1949, retired. He was replaced by William E. Bickley.
South Carolina Mosquito Control Association formed.
Tommy Mulhern accepted the position of executive director. The association's business office was moved from Selma, California to Fresno. Mulhern hired Linda Shields Raiche to serve as the association's first full-time, salaried business manager.
AMCA reincorporated in California as a non-profit tax exempt scientific/educational association.
The New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Association changes its name to the New Jersey Mosquito Control Association. Formation of Pennsylvania Vector Control Association and the West Central Mosquito and Vector Control Association.
Largest SLE outbreak in U.S. (2,131 cases reported).
AMCA initiated the printing of a quarterly newsletter to facilitate better communications among its members.
Mid-Atlantic Mosquito Control Association formed.
Membership dues increased to $15.00 annually.
Methoprene, the first compound that mimics the action of insect growth-regulating hormones is registered for use as an insecticide by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The first Directory of Mosquito Control Agencies in the United States & Canada was published. Gilbert L. Challet served as the editor.
Formation of the Georgia Mosquito Control Association.
Formation of the Indiana Vector Control Association.
Tommy Mulhern stepped down as AMCA Executive Director.
Katherine A. Moore wrote and illustrated a children's coloring book entitled, Mosquitoes - presented by Skeeter Mosquito, which was published by the AMCA.
Proposition 13 (People's Initiative to Limit Property Taxation) passes in California. Drastic reduction in funding for mosquito abatement forced many districts to make significant cutbacks.
AMCA Board of Directors (BOD) holds first interim board meetings.
William D. Murray was appointed as executive director.
Membership dues increased to $20.00 annually.
A student membership category was created, with the annual dues being half the price of regular membership.
Largely through the initiative of Lewis T. Nielsen and the cooperation of a number of commercial firms, the association established an annual Memorial Lecture and Memorial Honoree Award. This award recognized an outstanding lecturer in the field of mosquito control, while at the same time offering a tribute to a deceased individual(s) who made a significant contribution to mosquito control.
Kenneth L. Knight, the editor of Mosquito Systematics since its inception in 1969, retired and was replaced by Lewis T. Nielsen.
An eight page educational pamphlet containing 24 color pictures was published by the AMCA. This booklet, entitled Mosquitoes and their Control in the United States was compiled by the AMCA's Public Relations Committee, under the editorial direction of Harry D. Pratt.
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory becomes part of the University of Florida.
AMCA Newsletter (November) underwritten by Zoecon. This reflected BOD 1978 decision to solicit advertising to help defray publication costs.
Tommy Mulhern agreed to resume the post of the association's executive director on an "acting basis."
The BOD created the Presidential Citation Award to recognize those individuals who were not eligible to receive other AMCA awards, but who were eminently deserving of special recognition by the association.
AMCA established the John Belkin Memorial Award to honor individuals who have made outstanding contributions in the field of mosquito systematics and/or mosquito biology.
Publication of Richard Darsie and Ronald Ward's Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. This is the largest financial undertaking of the AMCA (approximately $40,000) to date.
William Bickley retired as editor of Mosquito News. Ronald A. Ward was named as his successor.
Membership dues increased to $25.00 annually.
AMCA published revision of AMCA Bulletin #1 Air Spray (Use of Aircraft for Mosquito Control). AMCA President Richard Axtell wrote to EPA expressing the organization's concern about proposed pesticide label restrictions.
BOD approved Historical Records and Museum Committee recommendations to change the committee's name to "AMCA Archival Committee" and "prepare a 50 year overview of the AMCA" since the "1985 meeting…is the 50th anniversary." Recommendation was made by Jimmy Olson and seconded by Gil Challet.
Report from archival committee contained recommendation at interim meeting (October 2-3, 1983) which recommended "that there be a slide show at the 1985 Meeting at Atlantic City, celebrating the 50th annual meeting, the narrator to be the chairman of the program committee."
EPA registers Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) as an insecticide. In 2009, there are 26 Bti licensed products.
The AMCA Central Office entered the "Computer Age" with the purchase of a Radio Shack Model 16 Computer.
AMCA BOD adopted a resolution at the annual meeting recommending the name of the AMCA journal be changed to Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. The members attending the General Business Meeting approved the BOD's resolution. It was decided to submit the proposal for the general membership's approval through a mail ballot. The resolution was approved.
AMCA BOD established a memorial fund in memory of Dr. Marco Giglioli. The Giglioli Fund was to be used to support publication of papers by foreign authors who could not obtain U.S. funds.
AMCA-EPA Cooperative Agreement to establish a Mosquito/Vector Control Information Network (MVCN). The MVCN was conceived as part of a larger program that was intended to serve as a database on all insect control methodology.
Kentucky Mosquito Control Association organized in Bowling Green; the name of the association changed in 1985 to include the word "vector."
Stuttgart (Arkansas) Mosquito Control Program began operations culminating in a hard-fought campaign to launch control on rice lands based on advances in research. Bill Clinton named Allan Inman, the program's director, recipient of the Governor's Award in recognition of the district's contribution to the quality of life in Stuttgart.
Starting with the March 1985 issue, the journal is renamed The Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association while still retaining Mosquito News as a subtitle on the cover.
AMCA produces two films: Mosquito Control and Biology (27 minutes) and Mosquitoes (10 minutes).
Twenty-four students from twelve states attended the first AMCA – Centers for Disease Control (CDC) training course in Columbus, Ohio.
AMCA published Bulletin #6, The Biological Control of Mosquitoes, edited by Harold Chapman.
Health problems compel Tommy Mulhern to resign as executive director. BOD named Mulhern executive director emeritus and authorized his invitation to all future AMCA annual meetings as an invited guest. James Caton, AMCA treasurer, resigned his post to assume the position of interim executive director.
AMCA President Gil Challet reported that on February 28, 1985, AMCA treasurer James Caton informed him that a serious misappropriation of AMCA funds had occurred. Challet noted that "executive director Tommy Mulhern, who was recuperating from a recent illness and not supposed to put himself in any stressful situation, was deeply shocked by the betrayal in confidence of so trusted an employee." The responsible party was confronted and admitted responsibility. Following the advice of legal counsel, it was recommended that the "responsible party" be allowed to make full restitution to AMCA in order to avoid prosecution.
Seven hundred individuals attended AMCA's Fifty-First Annual Meeting in Atlantic City commemorating the founding of the Eastern Association of Mosquito Control Workers (EAMCW), parent organization for the AMCA, in 1935. Michael Chambers, reflecting a consensus of the Archival Committee and BOD to date the AMCA's foundation to the EAMCW, prepared a review of AMCA's First 50 Years. Jim Hart and Rolland Dorer, who attended the EAMCW's organizational meeting ( June 25-26, 1935), were present.
Aedes albopictus was found in tires stored outdoors in 12 states: Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida and in tires shipped from Japan and off-loaded in Seattle, Washington.
The largest outbreak of malaria in the United States since 1952-1953 occurred in southern California. There were 27 cases of P. vivax. "Many of the patients had slept outdoors near a lagoon where Anopheles freeborni was abundant."
Considerable SLE activity in the South Central Region. Harris County, Texas reported 27 human cases with 5 deaths in the state.
Jack Salmela, director of the Brevard County (Florida) Mosquito Control District was presented the Conservation Award from the U.S. Department of the Interior in recognition of his contributions to the effective management of wildlife resources.
Harold Chapman assumed duties of executive director. The central office was to officially be relocated to Louisiana in April 1986. Delays involved in the move pushed the formal opening to August 6.
John Combs resigned as the editor of the AMCA Newsletter. Jimmie Long of Sam Houston State University assumed the editorship with the August 1986 issue of the Newsletter.
Formation of the Michigan Mosquito Control Association. Organized mosquito work began in Saginaw, Bay, and Midland counties, Michigan in 1974-75 after an increase in SLE cases. Each of these counties formed mosquito control districts.
AMCA Newsletter began to include "News from the Regions" as a regular feature of the Newsletter.
BOD passes resolution to accept use of credit cards.
AMCA joined with 20 scientific and public health organizations in calling for the CDC to take the lead in determining distribution and devising a plan of attack against the Aedes albopictus invasion.
Pacific Region: California Symposium entitled "The Epidemiology of Mosquito-Borne Viral Encephalitides in the United States, 1943-1987" held in honor of William C. Reeves.
AMCA formed a special subcommittee on Aedes albopictus chaired by Margaret Parsons. A CDC task force at Ft. Collins led by Chet Moore launched an Ovitrap Surveillance Program in 50 cities.
Pacific Region: California legislature debated Assembly Bill (AB) 946 requiring that all tires imported into state must be certified pest free.
Mid Atlantic Region: North Carolina completed first open marsh water management program (80 acres) in Onslow County. Dr. Alice Anderson led the project. In Maryland, water management work was delayed because of environmental concerns that questioned the need for control of salt marsh mosquitoes in marshes more than a few miles distant from populated areas.
Dan Ariaz and his wife, P.J., contributed $200 for the unofficial launch of the "Grass Roots Contest" to fund travel expenses of field technicians to attend annual AMCA meeting.
South Central Region: Mississippi formed the State Mosquito Control Commission with the goal of educating people in mosquito control methodologies.
AMCA dues increase from $25.00 to $35.00.
Annual meeting held in Denver included an AMCA Student Symposium.
AMCA President Bruce Eldridge noted William Reeves' concerns about the potential of the "greenhouse effect" to have a significant impact on mosquito breeding and mosquito control problems in the next fifty years.
Pacific Region: California State Legislature and Governor Deukmejian approved AB 4114 requiring all government employees who handle, apply, or supervise the use of pesticides for public health purposes to be certified by the California State Department of Health Services (CSDHS) and meet minimum continuing education requirements. The CSDHS and the Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California jointly prepared a revision of all vector control training and education materials.
Florida's First Workshop on Salt Marsh Management and Research was held at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory. The symposium grew out of the State of Florida's Subcommittee on Managed Marshes chaired by AMCA's Doug Carlson.
AMCA Board approved Environmental Protection Committee's draft for a model public health exemption plan.
AMCA published Supplement #1 to the Journal of the AMCA, The Biology of Aedes albopictus ($5.00).
North Central Region: Michigan Legislature authorized formation of "Pest Management Districts."
AMCA Aedes albopictus committee chair Margaret Parsons announced that a newsletter entitled Tiger Tales would begin publication.
Judy Hansen assumed office as AMCA's first female president.
AMCA President Judy Hansen appeared on NBC's Today Show. Hansen stressed the role of AMCA in developing sound vector control programs. Research and stable funding were the prerequisites for the continued success of mosquito control programs.
AMCA Aedes albopictus committee's Tiger Tales (Vol. 1, No. 1) is distributed in the November AMCA Newsletter. Margaret Parsons headed the committee.
Alabama Vector Management Society is launched.
SLE outbreak in Florida (226 human cases with 11 deaths).
California Mosquito and Vector Control Association (CMVCA) formed a nonprofit public benefit corporation, CMVCA Research Foundation, Inc., to promote scientific research for the control of disease bearing mosquitoes and other vectors.
The venerable Florida Anti-Mosquito Association (FAMA) changes its name to the Florida Mosquito Control Association (FMCA).
New Jersey governor Jim Florio proposed elimination of funding for New Jersey State Mosquito Control Commission (NJSMCC). The NJSMCC coordinated the state's aerial spray program for counties bordering along the Atlantic Ocean and administered state aid to NJ counties. Tom Candeletti, AMCA's Northeast Regional Director, declared "all state funded water management projects are now in jeopardy" as well as Rutgers University's Mosquito Research and Control Efforts. Robert Kent reported that the governor's proposed cuts were countered with "a continuous onslaught of support from a variety of directions (including several individual out-of-state AMCA members), result[ing] in the restoration of funds for these extremely important programs."
AMCA Board approved creation of associate membership in the association.
EEE outbreak occurred in the South Atlantic Region with 200 horse cases in Florida, 49 in Georgia, 80 in South Carolina, and 5 in Alabama. In addition, Florida had 5 human cases.
AMCA held its first annual meeting with a scientific session in Spanish. Marco F. Suarez and Gary Clark organized the session.
The U.S. EPA registered Bacillus sphaericus (Bs).
Lucas G. Terracina, Director of the Calcasieu Parish Mosquito Control District in Lake Charles, Louisiana, assumed responsibilities of AMCA's interim executive director.
AMCA hired Mark Vinsand as its first full-time executive director.
Proposed changes in bylaws include the election of an industry director. William Zawicki is named the first industry director. Judy Hansen proposed the idea during her presidency.
William Hazeltine (California) and George Wichterman (Florida) represented the association before congressional committees and executive branch agencies. Carl Tanner, of Zoecon Corporation, offered to assist the AMCA in addressing legislative concerns. Zoecon's support ($25,000 per year) continued for five years.
Virginia Mosquito Control Association succeeded in winning the governor's approval for an annual mosquito and vector control awareness week.
AMCA adopted a new mission statement at the annual meeting in Corpus Christi, Texas.
AMCA and Zoecon prepared a questionnaire for all members to determine the impact federal and state regulations have on mosquito control programs. The questionnaire is part of the AMCA 5 Year Legislative and Regulatory Strategy Plan.
AMCA Board approved resolution to engage in legislative advocacy. AMCA Board adopted resolution allowing researchers to submit more papers not only on mosquitoes but "other vectors of public health importance."
AMCA's first full-time executive director Mark Vinsand resigned following allegations of malfeasance; Harold Chapman agreed to coordinate activities at St. Charles office. Lucas Terracina assumed duties of interim executive director.
Bylaws Committee (chaired by Fred Holbrook) recommended and the BOD approved changing the association's name to "American Mosquito and Vector Control Association" (AMVCA) and the journal's name to Journal of the American Mosquito and Vector Control Association. Vote on the proposed changes was to take place at the April 1993 annual meeting in Ft. Myers.
AMCA established a Legislative FAX Network to provide early warning to members of legislation concerning mosquito control matters. 206 individuals joined the network between January and March 1995. An additional 35 individuals requested the AMCA Policy Statements on legislation. 100 people attended the Legislative Workshop at the 1995 annual meeting in Portland.
The name "Asian Tiger Mosquito" was officially established as the common name of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) by the American Entomological Society. Chet Moore, Bruce Harrison, and George Craig petitioned for the name change from "Forest Day Mosquito." (In 1995, Ae. albopictus was established in New Jersey with the first reported locations in Keyport, Monmouth County.)
A vote on the proposed name change did not take place at April 1993 annual meeting. Ballots were sent to association's members.
AMCA Public Information Committee (Sally Wagner, chair) developed a prototype of an educational module "Learning About Mosquitoes" for elementary school teachers. American Cyanamid contributed $30,000 for the project.
BOD decides to hold a vote on the proposed name change at the 1994 annual meeting in San Diego. BOD rejected an invitation from Florida to move the central office to Gainesville after the demise of executive director Mark Vinsand disrupted the administrative process in Lake Charles.
Clinton Administration proposed a comprehensive package of improvements to the Federal wetlands program in a document entitled Protecting America's Wetlands: A Fair, Flexible and Effective Approach.
Dan Ariaz (Reno, Nevada) called for the AMCA to "reach out to the smaller programs on the technician's level."
Tommy Mulhern, who was instrumental in the creation of the AMCA and had served as the association's secretary-treasurer, president, and executive director, died.
AMCA hired a second full-time executive director, Robert T. Graham, formerly director of the National Vocational Agricultural Teachers' Association.
The EPA, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration initiated the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship Program (PESP).
The AMCA BOD approved 8 policy statements pertaining to matters that affect mosquito and vector control. The BOD's concerns included: wetlands management; loss, preservation, and improvement of public health pesticides; funding for mosquito research and federal support for vector and vector-borne disease research; the endangered species act; public health and mosquito control; public notification; tire disposal and scrap and used tire shipping and storage; and minor use pesticides.
In summer 1995, Dr. Robert Rose (EPA) informed Douglas Wassmer (Pasco County, Florida) about PESP. In October 1995, the AMCA's Environmental Protection Committee suggested that the AMCA BOD consider participating in PESP. The BOD tabled the recommendation until more complete details of the program were ascertained.
AMCA Scientific and Regulatory Committee recommended that the Federal Wildlife Refuge Administration examine the impact that refuge and system operations might have on the health and well being of human beings.
The AMCA Newsletter's name changed. Commencing with the November/December 1995 issue, the new name was AMCA Newsletter: The American Mosquito Control Association's Vector Review.
The December issue of the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association contained a final "News and Notes" section. For more than four decades, Austin Morrill prepared this section of the JAMCA.
George Craig, AMCA Past President and University of Notre Dame professor, died while attending annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America.
John VanDyk (Iowa State) established a list server, Mosquito-L, to serve as an electronic mailing list for discussion of topics related to mosquitoes.
The AMCA BOD approved elimination of Mosquito Systematics (MS) as a separate publication. Commencing in 1996, MS was to be included in future issues of JAMCA.
Ralph Barr and Past-President Jay Graham died.
FIFRA was amended to create a new class of Public Health Pesticides. President Clinton signed it into law. This had been one of AMCA's objectives since the late 1980s.
Robert Washino became editor of JAMCA and William Black served as associate editor.
The Tennessee Valley Authority announced that it would discontinue mosquito control work in 1996- 1997. AMCA Legislative and Regulatory Committee calls for the adoption of a resolution opposing this decision.
California Mosquito and Vector Control Association (CMVAC) changed its name to Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California (MVCAC).
The BOD directed Doug Carlson to pursue PESP application.
Executive director Robert Graham resigned after allegations of financial improprieties. Lucas Terracina and Charles Palmisano agreed to manage the Lake Charles office until the new BOD determined a future course of action.
The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 was signed into law. It contained "Minor Use" pesticide provisions. The Delaney Amendment was reformed. It was part of 1958 legislation that stipulated no substance found to cause cancer in humans or animals can be added to processed foods – regardless of the health risk to humans.
Doug Carlson presented a draft of the PESP Strategy Document to the BOD.
Ronald Ward retired as editor of JAMCA.
AMCA President Robert Novak forms a presidential advisory Cyberspace Committee.
AMCA began a campaign to establish a day to recognize and win public recognition of the contributions of mosquito control programs. Dreda McCreary, Stanton Cope, Christine Musa, Rebecca Kline, and Fran Krenick (Public Relations/Education Committee) developed the idea of a National Mosquito Awareness Week each June to commemorate the AMCA's launch as the Eastern Association of Mosquito Control Workers in June 1935. (This idea originated in a conversation between Gary Clark and Warren Stickle on Christmas Eve 1996.)
AMCA BOD approved an agreement with Florida Mosquito Control Association (FMCA) regarding the publication of the FMCA's magazine Wing Beats as the AMCA's operational magazine for mosquito control personnel.
AMCA established an expert witness program in response to the federal fish and wildlife agency's request to provide knowledgeable authorities for advice on public health insects, their control, and environmental concerns. Fifty members volunteered, representing all the national fish and wildlife districts. None of the volunteers were ever solicited.
AMCA retained Warren Stickle of Environmental Strategies, Inc. in Alexandria, Virginia to provide legislative advice.
A major dengue outbreak occurred in Cuba. The last major outbreak in Cuba was in 1981 with 344,000 cases.
The AMCA Publications Committee proposed that JAMCA's name be changed. Possible names included Journal of Vector Research and International Journal of Vector Research. AMCA president Gary Clark and editorial board chair, Jonathan Day, supported the proposal.
AMCA BOD approved submitting PESP application.
AMCA's Strategy Document served as basis of PESP application.
Gary Clark reported that AMCA has 2,039 members, including 261 international members.
In an effort to get the word out about National Mosquito Control Awareness Week, the AMCA Cyberspace Committee proposed a domain name of www.mosquito.org. Christine Musa and Ron Montgomery secured www.mosquito.org for AMCA as an initiative of the Public Relations/Education Committee.
AMCA was approved for PESP "partnership" status. The BOD established a PESP Working Group. AMCA received EPA approval for developing a mechanism for state and regional organizations to participate as a "PESP partner under the AMCA's auspices."
Bruce Eldridge succeeds Robert Washino as JAMCA's editor. The majority of the BOD voted at the September interim meeting to change the journal's name to Mosquito and Vector Research. After considerable deliberation by the BOD and the membership, the membership disapproved the proposed name change at the annual business meeting in 1998 at Sparks, Nevada. At the fall (September) interim BOD meeting, the BOD formally creates an ad hoc Cyberspace Committee to establish policy and enhance the AMCA's presence on the World Wide Web. Christine Musa agreed to chair this committee. The domain name www.mosquito.org becomes the official AMCA website.
The BOD decided to incorporate the Canada Region into the respective adjacent U.S. regions.
When EPA established the concept of a "risk cup" for pesticide classes, AMCA President Dan Ariaz questioned EPA about the potential impact on public health pesticides. EPA responded that the concept did not include public health pesticides.
The Florida Coordinating Council on Mosquito Control published Florida Mosquito Control: The State of the Mission as defined by mosquito controllers, regulators, and environmental managers (known as the White Paper).
The annual meeting program book was divided into two separate sections in order to provide members with a permanent abstract booklet. The program booklet was reduced to a convenient pocket size without the normal historical information, which was placed in the abstract booklet. This procedure was formally adopted in the 1999 annual meeting guidelines.
Dan Ariaz met in Portugal with individuals hoping to form a European Mosquito Control Organization (EMCA). Dr. Norbert Becker drafts the bylaws for the new organization drawing on the AMCA's bylaws.
AMCA co-sponsored the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases held at CDC in Atlanta at the same time as the association's annual meeting. A two day workshop was held following the annual meeting on "Detection of Insecticide Resistance." Gary Clark, AMCA President, appointed Janet McAllister to chair an ad hoc committee on Prevention of Insecticide Resistance.
AMCA mailed a pesticide-use survey to all members. The data collected was used in EPA's product reevaluations.
AMCA President Dan Ariaz, Past President Robert Novak, and President-Elect Bill Zawicki led a group to Washington to expand awareness of AMCA on Capitol Hill. Dreda McCreary organized a meeting with Senator John Warner (R. Va.) who agreed to co-sponsor with Senator Robert Torecelli (D-NJ) a Joint Resolution proclaiming a National Mosquito Control Awareness Week.
Dreda McCreary chairs special ad hoc committee charged with organizing an "AMCA Day in Washington" May 11-13, 1999. AMCA held a Legislative and Regulatory Conference during the Washington Day. A second ad hoc committee is formed to examine the formation of new regions of the AMCA outside the western hemisphere.
AMCA President Ariaz coordinated "Field Day" activities at annual meeting. A traditional "Field Day" took place in which individuals presented displays and reports. For the first time, Dreda McCreary organized an educational "Field Day" in which a dozen AMCA members were "teachers for a day" in a Sparks, Nevada elementary school.
The AMCA Board formalized its "Grass Roots Award" program.
AMCA President David Dame revised and updated the long-neglected association personnel guidelines. The BOD adopted the conditions of service document in 2000.
AMCA received the "PESP Excellence Award for Pesticide Risk Reduction."
At the annual meeting, the BOD established the position of technical advisor (TA). The BOD created the position of TA as an independent contractor who would assume many of the activities that previously were the responsibility of the president. The BOD's objective was to lighten the presidential load and improve AMCA's public relations and committee oversight. Legislative functions were initially prohibited. The TA was directly responsible to the president and held no administrative duties.
The BOD authorized the establishment of a procedural template and guidelines for the annual meeting program and assigned oversight responsibilities to the president-elect. This was done to perpetuate the 1998 meeting format. The meeting format previously had been the prerogative of the incoming, and often inexperienced in this activity, vice-president. The new format included a free breakfast poster session and resolved several program conflicts that had adversely affected previous annual meetings.
70 AMCA members participated in the association's first "Washington Day."
AMCA's first two PESP-funded grants are completed. The grants were: "Production of an education module about mosquitoes and their control for use in elementary schools" ( Jim McNelly, Rutgers); and "Enhanced wetlands mosquito control using GIS environmental monitoring" ( Jim Camy, Butte County Mosquito and Vector Control District). Three thousand copies of the Mosquito Control Educational Game for elementary schools will be distributed.
Pamela Toups resigned as AMCA's chief administrative officer. Marlene Comeaux assumed post of business manager at Lake Charles.
West Nile virus (WNV) was detected in New York City. Animal and human cases occurred in Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York. Wording of EPA household advisory on mosquito control raised concerns that undermined public confidence in actions taken against West Nile vectors.
At the interim BOD meeting in Atlantic City, the BOD voted to move the AMCA office to John B. Smith Hall at Rutgers University. The highly contested move from Lake Charles, Louisiana to Rutgers was to be completed by June 2000 despite the BOD's 1998 pledge to retain the Lake Charles office through 2001.
EPA held a Stakeholders Briefing on Three Public Health Pesticides (Fenthion, Naled, and Temephos) in Orlando, Florida. Several AMCA members and officers, including AMCA President David Dame, actively participated in the fact-finding exercise.
WNV reported in 12 states: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia.
The first silent auction was held at the annual AMCA meeting in Atlantic City, NJ.
Rutgers University agrees to provide AMCA with administrative office space in John B. Smith Hall at 174 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ. AMCA agrees to pay monthly fee of $761.71.
AMCA election results are nullified because of failure to comply with ballot submission rules. Reelection was held in May.
AMCA accepted an invitation from the World Health Organization (WHO) to become a member of the Global Collaboration for Development of Pesticides for Public Health (GCDPP).
EPA's proposed Public Health List posted on the Federal Register included only cockroaches (5 species), lice (3 species), and mosquitoes (7 genera). During the response period allowed for this federal register item, the AMCA BOD challenged EPA's initial list of public health pests. As the list would eventually be used to determine the availability of public health pesticides, it jeopardized the future of pesticides used for the unmentioned pests. Because of the response from the profession, EPA expanded the list as requested. Robertamarie Kiley assumed post of AMCA business manager.
AMCA President David Dame protested to EPA Administrator Carole Browner that mosquito spraying against WNV vectors in the northeast had been misrepresented in EPA's online household guidelines. He stated that the guidelines incorrectly depicted mosquito aerosols as creating large pesticide deposits that need to be removed by householders before turning on air conditioners, using outdoor furniture, children's playthings, etc. As the EPA's online advice was in direct conflict with advisories coming from the mosquito control researchers, mosquito control's credibility was being challenged by the public. EPA responded by revising the online household guidelines before the start of the 2000 spray season, which drew a letter of thanks from AMCA.
Joe Conlon assumed post of AMCA's first technical advisor.
The Missouri State Vector Control Association held its inaugural meeting in St. Louis.
AMCA BOD offers technical assistance to U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) in the fight against WNV. Additionally, AMCA offered to organize teams of retired medical entomologists for short-term local assistance. HHS administrative policies, however, made it impossible for the Department to utilize AMCA's expertise because "[the AMCA] it [was] is a private organization."
WNV reported in 27 states: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
After unsuccessfully approaching senior CDC officials for funds to provide assistance to community decision-makers on methods for controlling WNV vectors, AMCA submitted a formal proposal for approximately $600,000 for a 3-year period. Although judged appropriate for funding, the proposal did not receive a high enough ranking to receive funding.
AMCA held a workshop on emergency response at the annual meeting with the objective of creating a useful emergency response document for use at the community level. Although several participants provided written input for the proposed document, it was not possible to complete the document.
Ed Ruckert from McDermott, Will & Emery was hired as AMCA legislative advocate.
The BOD established a formal lottery procedure to randomize the position of booths in the exhibit hall during the annual meeting. The new procedure and subsequent slight modifications made in 2002 reduced tensions among exhibitors that had developed during prior years.
AMCA unsuccessfully solicited Congress and CDC to embark on the minor use/public health pesticide research authorized by the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). No agency responded to AMCA's request that funding be appropriated for this important research endeavor. The effort to amend the FQPA has continued to present (2010).
Aedes albopictus found in California in a shipment of Dracaena "lucky bamboo" from China. Ae. albopictus initial introduction in the U.S. occurred in 1986.
U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals expanded Clean Water Act (CWA) jurisdiction over application of pesticides in Headwaters, Inc. v. Talent Irrigation District holding that National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits were required for application of aquatic pesticides.
Marty Chomsky agreed to serve as interim business manager after Robertamarie Kiley's resignation. BOD agreed to relocate (on interim basis) AMCA office to Monmouth County Mosquito Extermination Commission (MEC) in Eatontown, N.J. The temporary move does not alter the relationship between AMCA and Rutgers University.
The science and technology committee prepared a policy statement on ethical behavior in the conduct and reporting of research, which was adopted by the BOD.
The California legislature rewrote its 1915 mosquito abatement act. Rebecca Cline, MVCAC Legislative Committee chair, coordinated efforts to place all applicable laws on mosquito control under SB 1588.
As co-recipients of a USDA training grant, AMCA and the University of Florida (UF) prepared the Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual, co-authored by David Dame (AMCA) and Thomas Fasulo (UF). The manual was distributed to all state pesticide coordinators in both hard copy and electronic formats, with instructions to freely use the information in their own state manuals. Through 2008 the online, downloadable version has averaged 50,000 hits annually.
WNV reported in 39 states.
David Dame prepared a comprehensive procedures manual for AMCA, Guidelines for Officers and Committee Chairs. The document included mission statements, policies, position descriptions and duties for all elected and appointed officers and committees and for BOD meetings, elections, financial procedures, publications, annual meetings, technical advisor, business manager and the official AMCA statement of research ethics. For the first time, all AMCA functions and procedures were collected in a single document.
George Wichterman provided testimony entitled "Responding to West Nile Virus: Public Health Implications and Federal Response" before the House Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources. Joe Conlon provided testimony entitled "West Nile Virus: The Clean Water Act and Mosquito Control" before the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, Subcommittee on Water Resources and the Environment.
Region 3 of the USFWS (upper Midwest) issued a policy prohibiting treatment of refuge lands for nuisance mosquitoes. USFWS Director Steve Williams suspended this policy for one year following a conference with Michigan state and federal legislators.
Marty Chomsky becomes AMCA business manager.
WNV reported in 46 states.
U.S. Congress passes Mosquito Abatement and Safety Act authorizing $100 million dollars a year in response to expanding WNV problem. Funds were never appropriated.
Bruce Eldridge retired as JAMCA editor. Ken Linthicum assumed responsibility as the journal's editor.
EPA declared AMCA a "PESP Champion for demonstrating outstanding effort in risk reduction."
Sarah Gazi assumed post of AMCA interim business manager when illness compelled Marty Chomsky's resignation.
Publication of Gordon Patterson's The Mosquito Wars: A History of Mosquito Control in Florida by the University of Florida Press.
WNV reported in all states except Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii.
Move of AMCA central office from Monmouth County MEC to New Brunswick was completed.
Death of pioneering medical entomologist William Reeves.
AMCA technical advisor Joe Conlon provided testimony entitled, "West Nile Virus: The Role of Mosquito Control" at a hearing before the House Committee on Government Reform, Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Natural Resources and Regulatory Affairs.
BOD named Sarah Gazi Business Manager.
A revision of Key to the Mosquitoes of North America (Darsie and Ward) was published with the financial support of the FMCA.
The BOD approved a management company (Association Headquarters, Inc.) to provide administrative and membership services effective January 1, 2006. Offices moved to Mt. Laurel, NJ.
The BOD allocated $5,000 to the hurricane relief fund for victims of Hurricane Katrina.
The North Central Mosquito Control Association is formed and is represented by the states of North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota.
As an employee of Association Headquarters, Sarah Gazi assumed position of AMCA Executive Director.
The AMCA BOD authorized individual mosquito control programs to apply to become a "PESP partner under the AMCA's auspices."
Eight state and regional organizations (required to be AMCA sustaining members) enroll as a "PESP partner under the AMCA's auspices."
WNV reported in all states except Alaska and Hawaii.
Ken Linthicum resigned as JAMCA editor.
EPA modified Clean Water Act NPDES regulations in effort to narrow the reach of CWA regulation of aquatic pesticides.
Lal Mian became editor of JAMCA.
EPA Aquatic Pesticide rule went into effect. Eleven lawsuits were filed by environmental and industry groups.
EPA issued Final Rule concluding that pesticides applied in accordance with Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) were exempt from Clean Water Act's permitting requirements.
University of California drops funding for Mosquito Control Research Program.
Thirteen organizations are a "PESP partner under the AMCA's auspices" (2 are multi-state regional organizations, 6 are state organizations, and 5 are individual mosquito control programs).
Congressman Dennis Cardoza, 18th Congressional District of California, awarded the AMCA's Presidential Citation.
U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned EPA Final Rule that had exempted pesticide applications in accordance with FIFRA from NPDES Permitting.
AMCA and CDC co-sponsored the conference: "West Nile Virus: Ten Years Later" in Savannah, Georgia.
Rutgers University Press published Gordon Patterson's The Mosquito Crusades: A History of the American Anti-Mosquito Movement.
U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeal granted EPA's Motion of Stay of Mandate.
Budget shortfall leads California to furlough WNV hotline workers on Fridays.
Publication of the second edition of the Florida Mosquito Control White Paper. Death of Donald Sutherland, past AMCA president and professor of entomology at Rutgers University.
The North Central Mosquito Control Association expands to include states of Wisconsin, Iowa and the Central Provinces of Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Western Ontario).
AMCA holds the 20th Student Paper Competition for the Hollandsworth Prize.
AMCA celebrates 75 years of protecting public health.
* "Many individuals contributed to preparing this chronology. Special thanks are owed to Chris Musa, Bill Zawicki, Doug Carlson, Matt Yates, Gary Clark, David Dame, Dave Brown, Sammie Dickson, Dan Ariaz, Henry Rupp, Gill Challet, Scott Crans, Glen Collett, Roger Nasci, Oscar Fultz, John Beidler, Bruce Eldridge, Robert Washino, Stanton Cope, and the members of the AMCA Archival Committee. Mistakes are my responsibility. All praise should go to the men and women who gave their talent and energy to making the AMCA an advocate for the public’s welfare." – Gordon Patterson | <urn:uuid:97c502bd-a2b1-480c-bb3f-cfc948d79a06> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mosquito.org/history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00224-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936644 | 10,787 | 2.890625 | 3 |
The first significant stretch of heat this year already has some residents yearning for the cooler days of early spring, but they'll have to wait until the end of the week for some relief.
Temperatures in downtown Baltimore reached 95 degrees Tuesday, which was notably above the mid-80s weather that's typical this time of year, according to the National Weather Service. The all-time high for June 17 was 96 degrees in 1939. The Tuesday high at Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, where records are measured now, was 94.
Kurt Miller, wearing a dress shirt and trousers, cursed the heat while as he walked through downtown Baltimore on his lunch break.
"Women have it good," joked the 25-year-old Frederick man, who works at a local nonprofit agency. "I wish I could wear skirts and stuff to work."
Mount Vernon resident Rachel Sanchez, 26, said the first breath of hot weather already made her miserable.
"I'm much more of a winter person," she said. "As soon as I'm feeling a little bit of heat, I'm unhappy."
The weather service says temperatures will remain in the 90s until Friday, when they are expected to dip back down to the mid-80s.
Not everyone bemoans the high temperatures.
John Murphy, a 74-year-old Baltimore-based attorney, was grateful for the warmer weather after a cool spring.
"I have a sailboat," Murphy said. "I like to be out on the Chesapeake, and that's what I associate the hot weather with."
Although the heat index was near 100 degrees, local jurisdictions weren't quite ready to declare a weather-related emergency. Code Red alerts are typically issued when the heat index, which is calculated using actual temperatures and the amount of moisture in the air, reaches 105 degrees or above.
"We're not really at levels that would warrant a heat advisory," said Steve Zubrick, a National Weather Service meteorologist. "But the first heat of the year can be a bit of a shock to some people."
An air quality alert was issued Tuesday. Baltimore-area residents were warned that air pollution concentrations within the region could be unhealthy for children, the elderly and other sensitive people.
"The winds aren't as strong [during hotter weather]," Zubrick said. "There's less venting for the pollutants in the air."
City health officials are urging residents to prepare now for even hotter days ahead. The summer solstice arrives Saturday at 6:51 a.m.
Suggestions for coping with the weather include staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water or juice, reducing outdoor activity, wearing lightweight and light-colored clothing and staying inside during the peak heat hours of 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Residents are also asked to check in on people in their communities who may need help coping with heat.
Signs of heat-related illnesses include nausea, confusion, flushed skin, high body temperatures with clammy skin and rapid or slow heart beat.
Baltimore City issued six Code Red declarations in 2013 and there were two hyperthermia-related heat deaths. There were 17 declarations and 13 hyperthermia deaths the year before.
The city opens cooling centers during emergencies. More information on the centers is available by calling 311.
"We need to get people thinking about this stuff now, before there is a crisis," said Patrick Chaulk, a physician with the Baltimore City Health Department.
Baltimore Sun reporter Scott Dance contributed to this article. | <urn:uuid:9822909e-aad9-448b-a9c4-21b057a28c59> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/weather/weather-blog/bs-md-hot-weather-20140617-story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00003-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974626 | 727 | 1.953125 | 2 |
California's de-arrest law -- which criminalizes what it codified, until 2015, as "felony lynching" -- emerged in 1933 to strengthen law enforcement in the aftermath of the beating of a San Jose sheriff and his deputies and the lynching of two white men. Following the double lynching, the California Legislature passed an anti-lynching law that classified the "taking by means of a riot of another person from the lawful custody of a peace officer" as a felony punishable by up to four years in prison.
The anti-lynching legislation was not created to defend and protect Black lives from white mob violence. It resulted from the efforts of a reformist movement to secure anti-lynching legislation on the grounds that extrajudicial violence was a threat to law and order rather than to the rights of Black people to safety and security.
Eighty-three years later, California prosecutors are mobilizing the obscure law to criminalize Black activists like Black Lives Matter (BLM) Pasadena organizer Jasmine Richards, who goes by the name Jasmine Abdullah. Abdullah was convicted on June 2, 2016, for removing a detainee from police custody while calling for justice in the 2012 police murder of Kendrec McDade.
Journalists, activists and legal advocates are arguing that the use of the 1933 anti-lynching statute against Abdullah is a cruel irony and a perversion of the law. While it is true that Los Angeles prosecutors have in recent years begun to mobilize California's anti-lynching law to criminalize activists and to cripple BLM and other revolutionary movements across the state, much of the criticism of Abdullah's prosecution and conviction has drawn on a caricatured understanding of US lynching law and the state anti-lynching laws that legislators begrudgingly passed (and most often failed to enforce) throughout the 20th century.
Kendrec McDade ¡Presente!
On August 29, 2015, Abdullah was with supporters in La Pintoresca Park in Pasadena when police began arresting a young woman in the crowd. When BLM members and supporters jumped to the woman's defense and demanded the officers release her, police arrested Abdullah and quickly charged her with inciting a riot, child endangerment, delaying and obstructing peace officers, and removing a person from police custody. By the time Abdullah was brought to trial in the first week of June 2016, only the de-arresting charge formerly known as lynching remained.
Abdullah became politicized after the Pasadena police killing of McDade on March 24, 2012. After participating in the BLM Freedom Ride to Ferguson, Missouri, in August 2014, Abdullah helped galvanize and direct the community's response, working closely with McDade's mother, Ayana Slaughter, and other people in Pasadena who have lost loved ones to police violence and incarceration.
Pasadena police began harassing Abdullah after she helped organize a march to mark the three-year anniversary of McDade's slaying. Police first arrested her on March 30, 2015, for "failure to appear, terrorist threats, trespassing, petty theft, assault, and evading the police." Prosecutors eventually dropped those charges.
The 1933 anti-lynching law is being used as its original authors intended: to bolster law enforcement.
Shortly before Abdullah's second arrest in August, Gov. Jerry Brown removed the word "lynching" from the California penal code. He did so under pressure from Sacramento Mayor Kevin Johnson and California State Sen. Holly Mitchell, a Los Angeles Democrat, after 20-year-old Black Sacramento activist Maile Hampton was charged on January 18, 2015, with felony lynching for attempting to pull a friend out of police custody at a protest near the Capitol. Both Johnson and Mitchell are Black.
Mitchell has said that Brown's "swift approval" of her bill to remove the word "lynching" from the penal code "speaks to its obvious truth. It's been said that strong words should be reserved for strong concepts, and 'lynching' has such a painful history for African Americans that the law should only use it for what it is -- murder by mob."
But the substance of the law remains intact. Hampton's lawyer Linda Parisi has noted that simply removing the word "lynching" from the penal code doesn't alter the law, nor the way police and prosecutors are using it today to clamp down on activists. "I think we need to use that charge, regardless of what it's called, as the legislative history intended it to be used," Parisi told The Sacramento Bee in 2015. "If someone was in lawful custody a mob should not try to release them and do them harm. The legislative intent was that people should be protected from mob violence. That's how the charge should be used regardless of the name we give it."
Mitchell and Parisi obscure the fact that the 1933 anti-lynching law is being used as its original authors intended: to bolster law enforcement, and to protect the right of the state to define the boundaries of rational and legitimate violence. When Mitchell argues that we should only wield the rhetoric of lynching to refer to "murder by mob," she obfuscates the protean history of the word, which has historically meant much more than collective murder.
Lynch Law in California
The case that inspired the 1933 anti-lynching law is an important one in the history of popular extrajudicial violence. On November 26, 1933, a mob broke into the Santa Clara County Jail in San Jose, removed John Holmes and Thomas Thurmond from their jail cells and hanged the two white men from a tree in nearby St. James Park. Holmes and Thurmond had been charged with the kidnapping and murder of Brooke Hart, the son of a wealthy storeowner. After the lynching, California Gov. James Rolph Jr. triumphantly concluded that the incident was a "fine lesson to the whole nation.... There will be less kidnapping now.... I don't think they will arrest anyone for the lynching. They made a good job of it. If anyone is arrested for the good job, I'll pardon them all." Rolph's declaration was grounded in the bravado and reverence for natural law that had undergirded pro-lynching rhetoric for centuries.
The term "lynch's law" had emerged during the American Revolution when Charles Lynch, a Virginia judge, condoned the use of extralegal violence to discipline British loyalists. Lynching was a punishment fit for traitors, and though it was not necessarily lethal in the late 18th century, it resembled the kind of terrorizing violence that the English ruling class had long meted out to so-called traitors across the Atlantic and on slave plantations in the British Caribbean.
The violence known as lynching in the post-revolutionary, mid-Atlantic states included tarring and feathering, whipping, burning, beheading, and hanging so-called offenders, often from trees, which were symbols of sovereignty. In the wake of the American Revolution, Virginians used the word "lynching" to describe extralegal violence that they found politically necessary and justifiable for the maintenance of social order.
In 1835, the term "lynching" began to circulate with more frequency in the wake of the hanging of a group of gamblers in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Andrew Jackson was president at the time of the Vicksburg lynching, and he was a staunch proponent of popular sovereignty: the idea that the will of the people can justifiably override, with violence, the laws of the state. Jackson's support of popular violence importantly hinged on a racialized construction of "the people"; anyone engaging in popular violence who was not white, economically privileged nor acting in the interests of the status quo was seen as a threat to social order. In the 1850s, the San Francisco Vigilance Committee drew on Jackson's ideology of popular sovereignty to argue that vigilante justice was pursued not by mobs, but by "the people, in the highest sense of the term."
Indeed, California has a unique place in the history of US lynch law. After the Mexican-American War, lynching became synonymous with the genocidal "frontier justice" that proved crucial to the materialization of white rule. Thousands of Native Americans and Latinos were lynched as a condition of the territory's incorporation into the Union. In contrast to the popular image of the American West as a lawless frontier, those areas with the most law enforcement -- constables, sheriffs, justices of the peace -- had the highest incidents of summary executions, vigilance committees and lynch mobs. Ken Gonzales-Day's important investigative history of California lynchings has revealed that extrajudicial violence accompanied formal disfranchisement efforts like the Foreign Miner's Tax of 1851 and Anti-Vagrancy Act of 1855. These acts constructed Latinos as foreign threats to white rule in California. Twenty years later, when white supremacists across the South resorted to violence to regain power in the wake of the Civil War, lynch mobs in California also attacked Chinese laborers across the state. In Los Angeles, the Chinese massacre of 1871 left 17 Chinese people dead.
The widespread use of vigilante "justice" across California legitimized, both rhetorically and materially, the use of extralegal violence against abolitionists and free and enslaved Black people across the country in the years leading up to the Civil War. In the era of revolutionary abolition, slave owners began using the word "lynching" to describe the punishment and execution of slaves. The arguments furnished to excuse these lynchings foreshadowed the arguments that would be made to excuse lynchings in the post-Civil War period.
During the 1870s, when the press called a killing by a crowd a lynching, it was meant to justify it, whereas calling it a murder or an outrage condemned it as unjust. Like mid-Atlantic revolutionaries, white settlers in California and Southern slave owners, journalists fashioned narratives about lynching as a form of popular sovereignty that made the violence seem acceptable, necessary and just.
Throughout Reconstruction -- when Black people held political office, established the first public schools in the South and organized alongside white farmers for labor justice -- extralegal anti-Black terrorism spread like wildfire. The Ku Klux Klan, formed in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865, claimed that its members' campaigns of nighttime domestic raids, rapes, beatings and murders were legitimate because they were incidents of popular violence that represented the will of disfranchised former elites.
In an article in The New York Globe in 1883, the Black militant journalist T. Thomas Fortune blasted "lynch-law," arguing that white terror should be called lynching not because it was just but because it was a form of structural violence. Fortune and Frederick Douglass began using the word to communicate to people that anti-Black massacres in the South had the tacit approval of people across the nation and were a supplement to formal law rather than its opposite. It was at this point that lynching became synonymous with anti-Black violence.
In the following decade, Ida B. Wells emerged as the most forceful anti-lynching activist. In her political pamphlets, news articles and speeches, Wells employed the word "lynching" to describe the actions of racist mobs in cahoots with law enforcement to maintain white supremacy. In opposition to the Jacksonian definition of lynching as a rational form of popular violence, Wells took great pains to demonstrate that lynching was a politically, economically and racially motivated form of mass violence that undermined American pretensions to civilization.
After the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) formed in 1909 to organize against lynching, its members highlighted Wells' rhetorical focus on lynch mobs' savagery and argued that this barbarism was a disgrace to democracy and a threat to the rule of law. The tactic was twofold; activists took this line in order to further Wells' argument that lynching was an American rather than a Southern form of injustice that required national action, and to appease moderates who did not want to offend or disrupt the Southern white supremacist status quo.
As the NAACP lobbied, under the leadership of James Weldon Johnson during the 1920s and Walter White during the 1930s, for federal anti-lynching legislation, its members appealed to white liberals and moderates across the country by highlighting lynching's threat to established "law and order." Along with Southern liberals in the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL), the NAACP downplayed the impact of lynching on Black people in order to underscore what they believed would galvanize the broadest anti-lynching base. The official declaration of the Georgia chapter of the ASWLP stated: "The real victim in the crime of lynching, we affirm, is not the person done to death, but constituted and regularly established government."
San Jose, 1933
When the San Jose mob lynched Holmes and Thurmond, its members drew upon the 18th-century definition of lynching as a colorblind form of popular justice to defend its illegal actions. And anti-lynching organizers responded by seizing the enormous press coverage of the lynching to forward their colorblind definition of lynching as a threat to the law. White moderates like New York Rep. Hamilton Fish responded to the San Jose lynching by describing it as a "rape of justice, liberty, civil rights, equal rights, human rights, human lives, and the Constitution itself."
The 1933 lynching of Holmes and Thurmond in San Jose provided the litigationist wing of the reformist anti-lynching movement with considerable leverage in its members' attempts to pass state anti-lynching laws. Southern politicians had previously blocked the passage of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, which had pressed for a federal anti-lynching law that would hold lynch mobs and law enforcement officers financially, politically and legally responsible for participating in or condoning lynching. In response, Southern liberals responded by emphasizing the need for local anti-lynching laws that would not threaten states' rights.
California Governor Rolph responded to criticism of his support of the double lynching by enacting a California anti-lynching law that criminalized the "seizure from law enforcement officers of a detained person in the interests of starting a riot." The law made no reference to other definitions of lynching that underscored the violence's relationship to white supremacy and "community" control.
People v. Anthony J.
In California, the charge of felony lynching lay practically dormant until 1971. That year, the California First District Court of Appeal concluded, in its decision in People v. Anthony J., "that a person who takes part in a riot leading to his escape from custody can be convicted of his own lynching." The case expanded the 1933 codification of lynching to include a riot of two or more people that leads to their own escape. This 1971 amendment to the penal code is what now allows police and prosecutors to criminalize, as felons, activists who resist arrest.
The charge ups the misdemeanor crime of rioting to a felony offense. As law professor Jody David Armour notes, "DAs have dusted off an old law and found that it's useful to go after protesters that they want to charge with and convict for a felony rather than a misdemeanor."
Activists were charged with felony lynching in 1986 at the University of California, San Diego, in 1999 at an anti-fur demonstration in San Francisco, at an anti-G8 protest in San Francisco in 2005, and, more recently, at Occupy protests in 2011 and 2012. In 2014, in Murrieta, California, the law was used against Janet Mathieson, who was arrested with four other activists for supporting migrant detainees during an anti-immigration protest. Though none of these charges resulted in convictions, they normalized the deployment of the law against protesters.
On June 7, 2016, Judge Elaine Lu sentenced Abdullah to 90 days in jail, with 18 days served, and three years of probation. Abdullah, a working-class Black and queer political organizer, is the first person in California -- and, indeed, any state in the nation -- to be convicted of the felony offense of removing someone from police custody.
Abdullah joins other Black activists like Michael Zinzun (who founded the Coalition Against Police Abuse in the 1970s) who have been violently targeted by Pasadena police in retaliation for their visionary resistance to anti-Black state violence.
Abdullah's lawyer and comrades in Black Lives Matter have rightly asserted that Abdullah's arrests and conviction are politically motivated and that she is the first political prisoner of the BLM movement. Abdullah's lawyer, Nana Gyamfi, has taken the charge one step further, proclaiming that the "prosecution of Jasmine [Abdullah] Richards is an attempted lynching of Jasmine and, by extension, the Movement for Black Lives in Pasadena, with the Pasadena District Attorney's Office and Pasadena Police Department as the lynch mob."
Gyamfi is recuperating the rhetoric of lynching from the state. Her assertion that Pasadena police and the District Attorney's Office comprise a lynch mob calls to mind the rhetoric used by the International Labor Defense in the 1930s during its defense campaign of the Scottsboro 9. Members of the Communist Party USA's legal defense wing theorized the trumped-up charges, sham trial and death sentence of the Scottsboro 9 as a "legal lynching" -- as a form of criminal justice brutality that resulted from legal procedure. The term emphasizes, like earlier Black radical definitions of lynching as state-sanctioned anti-Black violence, that merely bringing the violence under the control of the judicial system does not make it just. Like past victims of legal lynchings, Abdullah is at the center of a historic anti-lynching defense campaign.
Abdullah's conviction is a painful reminder of the danger of legal reforms that seek to quell violence -- particularly historically state-sanctioned violence -- by putting more money and power into law enforcement initiatives.
While the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office is no longer wielding the rhetorical and emotional power of the word "lynching" against Black radicals in California, it is using the 1933 law's defense of police authority to neutralize a powerful movement for Black freedom. We can't let the District Attorney's Office, under the leadership of Jackie Lacey, get away with that.
It is crucial that we not shy away from defending each other and ourselves when our lives are threatened. As BLM organizers observe, "removing a Black person from police custody can be a life-saving action." This statement has been borne out by history. The revolutionary movement to abolish slavery in the United States would never have succeeded without the insurrectionary violence of anti-slavery activists, who employed de-arrest tactics in their efforts to free slaves from masters and overseers in the slave states and from bounty hunters in the North after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
We must not let Abdullah's conviction deter us from our visions of freedom. | <urn:uuid:87768c4a-ffd1-4c58-a4cd-9c42488b52f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36445-anti-lynching-laws-were-never-meant-to-defend-black-lives-the-case-of-jasmine-abdullah | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00238-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957757 | 3,899 | 2.8125 | 3 |
NEV IORK (Reuters Health) – Smoking during pregnancy brings her children at risk of developing dementia and visual impairment, according to a recent Chinese study.
The study was conducted by researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China and published their findings on Wednesday in the Acta Ophthalmologica Journal.
Chir is an optical defect that makes the eyes in an unbalanced state, so that every eye rotates in the other direction. One eye can focus forward, while the other eye reflects on the inside, from the outside, up or down.
This imbalance can also be seen in the eyes, and sometimes sometimes disappears or disappears. This imbalance can be transmitted between the eyes.
Eyes also cause visual impairment, sometimes double vision and visual impairment, as well as "blurred" or "eye laziness" as a result of eye neglect in one eye.
In order to investigate the relationship between mothers smoking and childhood injuries, the team reviewed the results of 11 scientific studies carried out in this regard.
They found that mother's smoking during pregnancy led to an increase in the risk of neonatal fatalities of 46 percent, which is one of the most common eye diseases in children.
Smoking of mothers is associated with 10 cigarettes a day during pregnancy, an increase of 79 percent at risk of developing a disease among their children, researchers said.
"Smoking is a public health problem, especially in developing countries, and has a major impact on birth control," said Dr Zukson Lo, head of the research team.
Previous studies have shown that women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have children with health problems, especially low birth weight, premature birth, birth defects and sudden infant death syndrome.
She pointed out that smoking of the mother also affects the efficacy of lungs in the baby, which are the main causes of infant mortality, as well as the negative impact on physical growth and maturity in adolescence.
For its part, the World Health Organization reported in its latest report that about 6 million people are killed each year in the Eastern Mediterranean region, including more than 5 million former and current tobacco users, and about 600,000 non-smokers. Smoking is one of the main causes of many chronic diseases, including cancer, lung disease, heart disease, and blood vessels. | <urn:uuid:8d0540f9-ba78-4aee-ba85-8eb31cb5d0a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sclate.com/egypt/warning-pregnant-smoking-affects-your-child-around-your-eyes-masrows/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.96918 | 486 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Refrigerated Storage and Warehousing:
Because of technology advancements and logistic strategies, the cold storage of perishable items has become an important stage in the distribution between manufacturers/processors and retail locations. The bulk storage of large or small quantities requires refrigeration that enables cold store facilities to be safe, energy conscious and compliant with government requirements and standards. Vilter works closely with customers to identify and determine the appropriate refrigeration concept to create facilities that make for efficient and economical distribution.
Vilter Manufacturing's complete line of industrial refrigeration compressors include reciprocating and single screw compressors. | <urn:uuid:f4e54312-6a9e-44d0-b0f8-3e0752f2620d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.emersonclimate.com/europe/en-eu/market_solutions/Industrial/Pages/cold_storage_warehouse_distribution.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923885 | 121 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Have a quick think about the last film you watched. If you were to describe it with one word, what would it be and why? For me it was Bohemian Rhapsody and my one word was “closeness”. That might sound strange considering this is a film about the rock band Queen, but the intimate story about Freddie Mercury had an overwhelming effect on me and I really did feel I walked out of the cinema leaving a small piece of my heart with the character I had been watching up close for the last two hours.
Films are designed to create an experience for the viewer. It’s all about the story and how to communicate it. Dialogue and motion play a big part communicating the narrative but it’s easy to forget that the picture is designed to tell the story too. Not everything can be said within the dialogue and the cinematography will hold layers of meaning that could add to the story and uncover hidden depths if you take a closer look. Being similar in nature, photography and cinematography go hand in hand. What the film borrowed from the photographic language in the beginning is now being claimed back by photographers and you can often spot them making use of distinctive cinematic effects in their photos.
To understand the cinematic language in photography, we need to fully understand cinematography first. Let’s imagine we’re creating a film rather than a photograph. The very first thing to think about is the narrative and what form it should take. A narrative is a chain of events, linked by cause and effect which occurs in time and space. Usually a narrative starts off with a situation, then it follows a pattern of events (cause and effect), then a new situation arrives. The new situation will shape the end of the narrative. If the pattern of events is unfamiliar to us, we would struggle understanding the narrative and if you are working with photography, this familiarity is even more important as we are working with less layers of communication. To paint a simple example, imagine you are watching a film where a woman is unable to sleep, a coffee cup breaks, then the telephone rings. We would struggle to grasp this narrative because it is a random string of events. However, if the narrative starts with an argument, the woman tosses and turns in bed, she wakes up and breaks the cup because of her shaky hands, then the phone rings, we are now all part of a scenario we can recognise, and the story can unfold in front of our eyes. It’s also important to remember that the human brain and the unconscious part of it is remarkably good at decoding messages and reading symbols. In other words, following a familiar pattern does not mean you can’t be creative.
Light, form and symbolic patterns
Stylistic choices will help communicate the narrative and give wider context. It can give the viewer an understanding about the place and time and even the mental state of the character. The TV drama The Handmaid’s Tale is a perfect example of how visual language is driving the narrative. The story is set in the Republic of Gilead, a totalitarian state that has taken over the United States of America. Years of low reproduction rate and infertility among men and women have led to the government being overthrown by a radical new power. Their extreme values and rules are painting a bleak future for women. The last fertile women are forced to be handmaids and are all distributed between elite couples to carry their children. All freedom is removed and Gilead’s secret police force, ‘the Eyes’, are watching everyone closely.
The use of dark tones and minimal natural light really enforce the feeling of being trapped. As a handmaid, Offred, the lead character, is not only trapped within the four walls of the house – she cannot trust anyone, so her thoughts are also trapped within her. Another visual effect the Directors of Photography have made use of is composition. When several handmaids are in the same shot, they are formed into symmetrical, militant formations and the view is moved back or from above. This is to show that they’re being controlled and constantly overlooked. You can also see that whenever there is anyone of higher rank within the frame, the handmaids will always take up less space or be placed lower within the picture frame than the others. Perhaps this isn’t something you would notice when watching the show but your subconscious would pick up on this and understand that the handmaid has no power and very little hope. Finally, the lack of vibrancy and colour helps portray the artificial and surreal place of Gilead. It gives us the sense that this is not set in the past, but in a hostile, dystopian future. These are all visual choices that can be found in still photography too.
The power of mise-en-scène
Mise-en-scène is an expression used to describe the designed environment of a shot. It refers to everything in front of the camera. Props, costumes, composition, actors, lights and so on, all have their own mission to complete the narrative. The mise-en-scène is the result of these different components coming together and if done well it should create the very feeling we are left with after watching a good film. The first aspect to consider is setting. What place are we in? Can the setting reveal important information to the viewer? Or tell you anything about the character?
Decor or production design is another important factor that needs reflecting upon. Have a look at interior choices and how they mimic the personality of the character. In Amélie, for example, the decor is as whimsical, playful and optimistic as Amélie herself and it helps you understand her world better.
Costumes and make-up are another two important factors. A lot of drama can be added by colour and texture. Have a look at how the use of makeup in Black Swan portrays the character’s dark and conflicting mental state.
Colour can, in itself, reveal a lot as it’s strongly connected with symbolism. Red can signal both danger and passion while blue can symbolise tranquillity and loyalty as well as conservatism and structure. We often see cooler colours are used in the background and warmer colours in the details and costumes to draw attention. Filmmaker Tim Burton is famous for his colour choices. And if you have a peak at the trailer for one of Tim’s most loved films Edward Scissorhands, it’s no doubt that colour has been carefully selected to drive the story. The American suburb, where the story is set, is all made up of pastel colours. The people and their belongings all have an 80s look and everything could well have been sugar-coated with a layer of candyfloss. In huge contrast, the neighbourhood is overlooked by a nightmare-looking mansion on top of a hill. The person living there, Edward, is the result of a mad inventors unfinished project and with his dark appearance you sense that he will become a threat to this utopian community. However, the artificial neighbourhood will soon reveal its flaws and the story will challenge your pre-existing sense of good and evil.
If you want to get a broader understanding of colour theory and how it’s used in both film and photography, you can have a further read here.
Photography with a cinematic feel
There is so much to explore within the visual language of photography, but you can learn a lot by studying film. Next time you are about to switch on your Netflix or if you find yourself in front of a cinema screen with a big portion of popcorn in your hands, try and notice the light, colour and composition. If you removed all dialogue, what part of the story are you left with? The same techniques can be used for still imagery and help both photographers and image buyers; shooting and selecting imagery that is made to create an experience for the viewer.
The beauty of photography is that there are no other elements to distract our attention – it is visual communication in its purest form! | <urn:uuid:e657addd-a0a0-4436-9dad-19121034b665> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alamy.com/blog/the-art-of-cinematic-photography | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.960268 | 1,664 | 2.296875 | 2 |
- 3 of 3 copies available at Evergreen Indiana.
0 current holds with 3 total copies.
|Location||Call Number / Copy Notes||Barcode||Shelving Location||Status||Due Date|
|Centerville Center Twp PL - Centerville||92 ROO (Text)||76895000200198||1st Floor Nonfiction||Available||-|
|Otterbein PL - Otterbein||BIO ROOSEVELT (Text)||34046000320864||Biography||Available||-|
|Waterloo-Grant Twp PL - Waterloo||92 ROO (Text)||30090000717376||Non-Fiction||Available||-|
- ISBN: 9780812970494
- Physical Description: xviii, 858 pages, 32 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations ; 24 cm
- Edition: Random House trade pbk. ed.
- Publisher: New York : Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2008.
|General Note:|| Originally published in hardcover in 2007.
|Bibliography, etc. Note:|| Includes bibliographical references (pages -825) and index.
|Summary, etc.:|| The author combines fresh scholarship and a broad range of primary source material to chronicle the epic life of one of America's greatest presidents. This is a portrait painted in broad strokes and fine details. We see how Roosevelt's restless energy, fierce intellect, and effortless grace permitted him to master countless personal and political challenges throughout his life; how his skill as a campaigner, particularly his mastery of the burgeoning mass media, revolutionized the fundamental bond between the American people and their government; and how his vital relationships with women - romantic and otherwise - helped to mold his personality and inform his worldview. - Back cover.
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|Subject:||Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945.
Presidents > United States > Biography. | <urn:uuid:7a06bf8e-fc28-4766-8618-65e6b0abbd90> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://evergreen.lib.in.us/eg/opac/record/17619085 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.808006 | 414 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Although it might seem out of line in today's low-fat society, but the truth is that you aren’t really what you eat. In fact, as the thousands on the keto diet know, the more fat you eat, the more weight you will lose.
To really burn off that spare tire of extra fat or conquer a weight loss plateau, stop depriving yourself of the one thing that really satisfies and causes the body to lose weight; healthy sources of fat.
If you are confused or unsure which foods are truly "healthy fats", we have compiled a list of the top 10 healthiest fats on the planet, so you can indulge and dump those extra pounds.
Hands down, extra virgin coconut oil is one of the healthiest sources of fat you can eat. It’s also a little known super fat burning secret.
What most people don’t realize about coconut oil is that these medium chain acids are not stored in the body, but are used immediately for energy. Not only that, but coconut oil boosts the metabolism, is a healthy source of magnesium and calcium. Supports a healthy thyroid, and is a super anti-inflammatory, which is one of the main sources behind most diseases.
We recommend Viva Naturals Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil
If you are concerned about your cholesterol levels, then olive oil should be on your list! High in vitamin E and other antioxidants, experts have known about the cholesterol reducing compounds in olive oil for decades. It naturally lowers bad cholesterol, while increasing our good cholesterol levels. Use olive oil for making vinaigrettes for salads, pesto sauces, even add it to sauces and soups for a tasty, healthy, cholesterol lowering meal.
We recommend Papa Vince Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Did you know that avocados, and avocado oil, are a super healthy source of fat? Who doesn’t love the rich taste of avocados? These buttery soft fruits (yep, they are fruits) are loaded with monounsaturated fats, which not only lower the risk of heart disease, but they reduce insulin resistance, belly fat, and increase the HD (good) type of cholesterol in the body. Do you need more reasons to chow down on guacamole this afternoon?
We recommend La Tourangelle, Avocado Oil
While many people turned away from sweet, natural butter in the 70’s, there is no denying that something as natural as butter is a much healthier and tastier choice than artery clogging margarine. Butter is a terrific choice for those on the keto diet as it adds both flavor and fat to any meal. Many people say that when they aren’t sure if they are eating enough fat, they simply add some butter to whatever they are eating. Try to find butter from grass fed cows or look for the words "organic", whenever possible.
Everyone's favorite spread, right? While you won’t be using it on bread or toast, you can really add a smooth texture and flavor (not to mention fat) with some delicious cream cheese. Full fat (not low fat) cream cheese can be added to almost anything you are cooking, including sauces, soups, vegetables, or as a tasty spread.
You've probably seen MCT Oil in your grocery store or natural food store and wondered what it was. MCT is like coconut oil in that it’s a medium chain triglyceride, which stabilize blood sugar and increase ketone production. This means that MCT oil is a powerful way to improve metabolism, enhance cognitive function, while reducing inflammation. If you've never consumed MCT oil, be aware that you should add it gradually to your diet to avoid stomach upset and diarrhea.
We recommend Viva Naturals Non-GMO Pure Coconut MCT Oil
One of the richest sources of fat on the keto diet, full fat sour cream (remember to avoid low fat products on the keto diet) can add some super flavor to any low carb meal. Sour cream is so rich that it only takes a couple of tablespoons to boost your fat ratio and increase keto production. Use sour cream as a dip for veggies, in sauces, or even right on top of vegetables.
You can add real coconut meat to your diet and lower your risk of cardiovascular disease, increase your good cholesterol levels, while adding fat to your diet. How can you go wrong?! Be sure to buy real, unsweetened, organic coconut meat. Many brands have hidden sugar, so read labels carefully.
Full fat cheese is not only tasty, but super versatile! Choose hard cheeses such as Swiss, cheddar, or Monterey Jack and shred them over almost anything for a rich, delicious flavor that is packed with healthy, natural fat.
Is there anything that smells better than rich, fatty bacon? Love it or love it, bacon can add a smoky flavor to every meal, anytime of the day. Look for nitrate free bacon as it has the perfect amount of protein and fat, but a minimal amount of carbs. | <urn:uuid:8080863a-906f-4535-8134-8fbfcb53f432> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthyweightforum.org/eng/diets/ketogenic-diet/fat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.938783 | 1,041 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Right Now | Cognitive Biases
Willing to War
Our minds favor hawks over doves, argues a recent Foreign Policy article. Past psychological research has shown that when it comes to the question of war, cognitive biases in the way people process information and evaluate risk predispose political leaders to military action over diplomatic solutions. According to the article’s authors—graduate student in government Jonathan Renshon, author of Why Leaders Choose War: The Psychology of Prevention, and Daniel Kahneman, professor of psychology at Princeton—such impulses “incline national leaders to exaggerate the evil intentions of adversaries, to misjudge how adversaries perceive them, to be overly sanguine when hostilities start, and overly reluctant to make necessary concessions in negotiations. In short, these biases have the effect of making wars more likely to begin and more difficult to end.”
Our “aversion to certain losses” offers a prime example cited in the article. Given a choice between (a) a sure loss of $890, or (b) a 10 percent chance of no loss with a 90 percent chance of a $1,000 loss, most of us will gamble on (b). The sure loss may be the better bet, but it triggers what psychologists call a “predictable error” in how we interpret situations. “The Iraq debate is a great real- world corollary,” explains Renshon. “It tends to be framed as, ‘Well, if we pull out, we’re definitely losing and we’ll have to admit defeat. But if we send in more troops, we still have the possibility of some sort of victory in the end.’” For those in favor of more troops, the potential payoff is worth the greater degree of risk.
Because most people process gains and losses differently, cognitive bias also influences military negotiations. According to the findings of prospect theory (for which Kahneman received a Nobel Prize in economics), our aversion to a loss of $10 is greater than the happiness we expect from a gain of $10. “It has around 2.5 times more impact psychologically,” notes Renshon: to compensate for the subjective impact of a $10 loss requires a gain of $25. If you’re negotiating for missile reductions, he explains, “An equivalent reduction on both sides won’t seem fair to either side, because the loss of 100 missiles has more impact than the comparative gain that you feel from the other side cutting their missiles by 100.” The resultant “concession aversion” makes negotiations much more difficult.
One of the most common cognitive failures is also the most pernicious in conflict situations. People attribute the behavior of others to some cause, either to the context or their disposition, says Renshon. Yet “even when you know for a fact that behavior is dictated by situational constraints, you still tend to overattribute behavior to disposition.” To illustrate, he cites a famous 1960s experiment involving three groups of students: the first group was required to give pro-Castro speeches, the second group to give anti-Castro speeches, and the third to act as the audience. Asked to assess the real political views of the speakers, audience members overwhelmingly rated pro-Castro speakers as more leftist—even though they knew that their views were randomly assigned.
This bias is so widespread and so empirically “robust” that social psychologists have dubbed it the fundamental attribution error. “In situations when you don’t know for sure what the behavior is caused by,” says Renshon, “this bias is even more pronounced.” During tense interactions between representatives of foreign governments, for instance, policymakers often attribute the aggressive behavior of the other side to deep hostilities, while excusing their own provocations as the result of being “pushed into a corner.” Renshon and Kahneman point to the historic example of World War I, noting that “the leaders of every one of the nations that would soon be at war perceived themselves as significantly less hostile than their adversaries.”
The same leaders predicted quick and easy victory. Such overconfidence, explains Renshon, arises from three optimism biases: exaggerating one’s strengths, possessing an “illusion of control,” and forming an unrealistic view of probable outcomes. In the more recent case of Iraq, “It’s almost inarguable that there was an excessive amount of optimism in the prewar planning,” says Renshon. He and Kahneman call the initial claims that the war would be a “cakewalk” “just the latest in a long string of bad hawkish predictions” in U.S. military history.
“The ultimate goal, obviously, is to help people make better decisions,” says Renshon. But “de-biasing” has had only intermittent success. One experiment at Harvard Business School compared two groups doing negotiation simulations. The group that was informed about overconfidence exhibited less of that bias and did much better than the group that wasn’t informed. But an experiment that involved making people more aware of the fundamental attribution error, notes Renshon, “had the effect of making the bias more pronounced.”
Should cognitive bias make us more pessimistic about the prospect of peace? “We’re not saying that war is the default option,” Renshon makes clear. “Rivalries end—even long rivalries—and not every crisis ends in a war. We don’t think that cognitive biases are the main explanation for decisions to go to war, or the main explanation for others to make peace or negotiate. Beliefs, values, material constraints, ideology, national values, image—all of these things have a very important effect in policymaking. Thankfully,” he concludes, “cognitive biases don’t decide. People decide.”
~Harbour Fraser Hodder
Jonathan Renshon e-mail address: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:0e36eaae-586c-4dfb-aac7-8e83e77ced7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2007/05/willing-to-war.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.943345 | 1,270 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Hawkes' view of the world
Photo: Ponch Hawkes
Ponch Hawkes uses her camera to turn the ordinary into something special, writes John Mangan.
Hand-me-downs fascinate Ponch Hawkes. Whether theyre trades, folk traditions or water polo skills, the Melbourne photographer has spent the past 25 years capturing them on film, and has also managed to squeeze in a career as lighting designer and board member for the globally acclaimed Circus Oz.
So, when it came to assembling a collection of pictures for her latest exhibition, Hawkes, whose works have hung in the Australian National Gallery, the National Gallery of Victoria, and the State Library of Victoria, selected some images from her 1989 exhibition, Generations, and a series of water polo shots from a book on which she collaborated with writer Shane Maloney in 1998. But, for the new Sensation exhibition, she also needed something fresh.
Ive always been interested in the intangible ways that people communicate with each other, she explains.
There are things that are important to us that arent necessarily recognised in the fashion world. Its really interesting the way culture and games are passed down from one generation to the next.
One of those games is dressing up, hence the new pictures in Hawkes exhibition compiled under the category of my favourite frock. Working from her Fitzroy studio (in a building which formerly housed a Methodist Chapel, a broom factory and, until recently, the Ethiopian consulate) Hawkes started with her partners mother, who warmed instantly to the camera with a Lets go dancing pose.
A couple of schoolgirls, though, were more challenging.
I asked Lucy if shed be photographed, and she asked if she could be photographed with someone else, Hawkes says. I told them to wear whatever they wanted, and they both had the same idea, the snap idea, of coming in their school dresses. They were a bit worried to start off with because they thought theyd be a bit dorky, but Lucy said she thought this was a really cool idea for a photo.
Subjects arent always so engaged. Under an Australia Council program encouraging sporting clubs to work with artists, Hawkes teamed up with Maloney to produce a book on the hitherto neglected water polo. Sport and water have always appealed to Hawkes, who admits its kind of un-Australian not to be seduced by water.
While the players were accommodating rather than enthusiastic, the exercise gave her an insight into the close-knit community, which often involves many generations of the same families. Her respect for the sport is reflected in pictures that are simultaneously earthy and dripping wet.
Really, I dont think theres a tougher sport, she says. Often, they wear two pairs of togs because one of them will get torn. Most of the action is under water, which makes it a funny spectator sport. You see all this terrific arm work and swimming, but really everythings happening under the water.
Hawkes photographic career began in the 1970s when, just back from the US, she was writing for a magazine called The Digger when she found a broken camera in a cupboard. Curious, she got it fixed and found that almost instantly her photos were being splashed on the magazines cover.
Honestly, it was like the light bulb popping, she says. I was in Alexandria at dawn and some birds flew over this Sunbeam sign as the sun was coming up behind it.
Shes been hooked on photography ever since. While it flourished, she was attracted to theatre by the burgeoning talents of Max Gillies, Graeme Blundell and Evelyn Krape, which lead to the establishment of the Australian Womens Theatre Group. That led to the Soapbox Circus, which, in turn, led to the merger with Adelaides New Circus Ensemble that produced Circus Oz. More than two decades later, she proudly sports the gold watch she was presented with for long service lighting the lights and serving on the board.
Melbourne documentary photographer and long-time friend Andrew Chapman says Hawkes great skill is her curiosity.
You cant pigeonhole her work into any one genre, he says. But, in all her work, she has a way of looking at the ordinary and turning it into something else.
Hawkes muses on the secrets of the craft: Photography usually isnt hard, she says. Thats because people are so trusting. Its only hard when people dont trust you.
AN EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS BY PONCH HAWKES
WHERE Chrysalis Publishing Gallery and Studio, East
WHEN Monday to Friday 9.30am-5.30pm, Saturday 11am-5pm, until March 13
HOW MUCH Free | <urn:uuid:1d5a8464-bc53-422f-b1af-4640276f0317> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theage.com.au/news/Arts/Hawkes-view/2005/02/21/1108834724722.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00156-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973699 | 978 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Education funding decisions should never be left to chance. School Budget Hold'em is more than a game, it’s an interactive exploration of the thoughtful trade-offs school administrators have to make in these challenging budget times.
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Also, consider downloading our Facilitator's Guide, which will help you organize and play Hold'em as a group. The guide offers three approaches to playing based on your goals and available time.
The following video offers a quick introduction to how Hold'em works: | <urn:uuid:362e59fb-c7a4-4b64-b29a-e731a593a6e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.erstrategies.org/library/school_budget_holdem | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945293 | 169 | 2.4375 | 2 |
From time to time we need extra money to back a phenomenal assignment, like an outing, a celebration gift or just to head out to have a great time to shop. Various events the need of extra money begins from an emergency like a destroyed vehicle or a basically due bill that must be paid. Whatever the condition is, an individual credit can be an OK and speedy course of action. We can start by segregating singular credits into two groupings. Long stretch advances and transient advances. Inside long stretch advances, you have ensured about and unbound credits. Repayment terms move according to the referenced whole, you can have two or three month’s terms or up to ten years. It may change, and will in like manner depend upon the picked advance and the moneylender’s conditions. Transient advances, in the other hand, are planned to settle desperate necessities; these credits’ repayment terms are no longer than a few years.
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Commentators frequently dismiss the protestors as ill-informed Northern do-gooders or wild-eyed anarchists. Most are neither. The call to mobilisation around the September 2001 meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, for example, was issued by a coalition including groups from a dozen mostly poor countries. The “counter-Davos” World Social Forum in Brazil in January was heavily populated by Southern-based groups. The violent fringe is just that, a tiny minority widely resented by the much larger number of peaceful protesters.
The protests themselves are merely the visible tip of a vast iceberg of transnational networks tying together people from all parts of the world who share grievances about the current rules governing global economic integration. Those grievances are often voiced by the rapidly growing number of civil society groups working locally or nationally who find that the roots of their problems lie at the global level. If your interest is national environmental protection or labour rights, you must pay attention to global trade rules that affect domestic regulations. If your concern is national economic development, you cannot ignore the implications of conditionality and financial volatility.
Asking what these civil society groups want is like asking what governments want, as though all governments would share a common agenda merely by dint of being governments. Different civil society groups want different things, from environmental safeguards to old-fashioned protectionism, the end of capitalism, or liberty and justice for all in a globalised world. But one basic idea does pervade the protest movement: an end to secretive and exclusionary processes of decision-making. The leaders of the September 2001 mobilisation, for example, called for “institutional reform to make openness, full public accountability and the participation of affected populations in decision-making standard procedures at the World Bank and the IMF.” Other groups aim similar demands at national governments, trade negotiators and other international institutions. All complain, rightly, that corporations are getting far too much say in setting the rules for economic integration, and that other interests, including the public interest, are getting far too little.
One priority in responding to these groups obviously must be to contain the violence. The non-violent majority is already taking steps to repudiate the anarchist hooligans and are proposing codes of behaviour for peaceful protest. But the responsibility for ensuring public safety cannot lie with non-governmental organisations, which have every right to speak out publicly and assemble peacefully. The security operations surrounding global gatherings have been deeply flawed. Amnesty International and others have reported many cases of extreme police brutality directed against non-violent protestors, or even uninvolved bystanders. Many protestors are convinced that violence is often permitted or even deliberately provoked by police forces seeking excuses to round everyone up. Good policing, in co-operation with the peaceful protestors, is essential.
But the more important question in the long term is how to respond to the demands for broader participation in global governance. The egregious case of the Quebec City trade negotiations, when citizens were denied access the negotiating text that was nonetheless granted to hundreds of corporate leaders, exemplifies the most objectionable biases of global economic decision-making. While some institutions, such as the WTO and the IMF, are getting better about providing information to the public, few have developed meaningful channels for enabling that public to have input into their work.
There are models for how to get participation right. The original plan for the International Trade Organization in the 1940s envisaged that non-governmental organisations would receive documents, propose agenda items, and even speak at conferences. Many environmental agreements contain language allowing non-governmental groups “technically qualified” in areas related to the agreement to be admitted as observers and/or to assist the secretariat. To permit broad participation while keeping out the lunatic fringe, groups are allowed in unless a super-majority of member states wants them out.
Transnational civil society networks should not and will not end up making the rules themselves: the final decisions must rest with governments. But the protest movement has become too large to ignore, and it will not go away. Unless international organisations and corporations wish to relocate to Antarctica, they will have to seek out ways to grant a meaningful voice to these groups. And because many of the groups are raising important substantive points about real flaws in the current rules for running the world, incorporating their views can help make the rules better and more effective as well as more broadly legitimate and thus politically sustainable.
Ed. Florini, A., The Third Force: The Rise of Transnationa Civil Society, Japan Center for International Exchange and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000.
Florini, A., The New Rules for Running the World, forthcoming. Citizens as Partners: Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making, OECD, 2001, forthcoming.
©OECD Observer No 228, September 2001 | <urn:uuid:18362e03-06e0-4951-b9bb-6845794d6eda> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/545/Better_ways_to_run_the_world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00202-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942359 | 974 | 2.171875 | 2 |
As a domain owner, you've got got a completely unique knowledge of your internet pages and the content material they represent. Google facilitates customers to discover your web page by displaying them a small pattern of that content material—the "snippet." We use a number of strategies to create those snippets and provide customers applicable statistics approximately what they`ll discover after they click on via to go to your site. Today, we are pronouncing Rich Snippets, a brand new presentation of snippets that applies Google's algorithms to spotlight established facts embedded in internet pages.
Google Rich Snippets provide customers with handy precis statistics approximately their seek outcomes at a glance. We are presently helping facts approximately opinions and humans. When looking for a product or service, customers can without problems see opinions and ratings, and while looking for a person, they will get assistance distinguishing among humans with identical names. It's easy extrude to the show of seek outcomes, but our experiments have proven that customers discover the brand new facts valuable—in the event that they see beneficial and applicable statistics from the web page, they may be much more likely to click on via. Now we are starting the method of beginning up this a hit test in order that greater websites can participate. As a domain owner, you may assist through annotating your pages with established facts in a preferred format. | <urn:uuid:951bdf9a-b23c-4c8e-a8bb-45c2b9bc07d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cart-help.com/topic/416-google-rich-snippets/?forceDownload=1&_k=880ea6a14ea49e853634fbdc5015a024 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.930609 | 272 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Hello, our dear site-users!
We are glad to welcome you to our virtual exposition, devoted to the history of our pupils’ families. We’d like to tell you, how interesting these histories are, each of them reflecting like a mirror the fate of the Russian Jews in the XX century. The histories will be sad and funny, small and huge, happy and tragic…
The best way to start acquainting with the museum exposition is to look through its conception, where you can get the information about the museum creation, its structure and activities.
If you are interested in the museum development, visit the museum history page.
In the “Museum friends and staff” section you can learn about the museum team and those, who have been contributing to the collection.
In the “Visitors’ book” the most interesting records, left by the museum visitors are represented. You can put your communications or suggestions there, if necessary.
The information about the museum projects, its exposition and displays can be found on this site pages.
We hope that you visit will be pleasant and interesting.
We would also appreciate if you share with us you opinions and/or impressions of the visit.
© Jewish school #1311 «Techia» | <urn:uuid:4b382d2e-ec0b-451e-ad3e-cebfb2f32ddf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://museum-en.sch1311.msk.ort.ru/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00167-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920223 | 263 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Clipping features a portrait sketch of W.G. Constable, with this caption: This is a Davidson sketch of Professor W.G. Constable, director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, London University, and Slade Professor of Fine Art at Cambridge. He is to lecture in Glasgow School of Art next Friday on British landscape painting. Clipping is pasted on the back of the card of Mr. & Mrs. Cecil Hunt.
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560 | <urn:uuid:09ab3e6d-5550-4537-b00d-9f8bd650474e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://collections.si.edu/search/record/AAADCD_item_13231 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898185 | 105 | 1.671875 | 2 |
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Bodhi (Sanskrit: बोधि; and Pali) in Buddhism is the understanding possessed by a Buddha regarding the true nature of things. It is traditionally translated into English with the word enlightenment, although its literal meaning is closer to "awakening." The verbal root "budh" means to awaken.
Bodhi is presented in the Nikayas as knowledge of the causal mechanism by which beings incarnate into material form and experience suffering. Although its most common usage is in the context of Buddhism, the term buddhi is also used in other Indian philosophies and traditions.
- 1 Etymology
- 2 Soteriological meaning
- 3 Buddha's awakening
- 4 The Buddhist Path
- 5 Development of the concept
- 6 See also
- 7 Notes
- 8 References
- 9 Web references
- 10 Sources
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Bodhi is an abstract noun formed from the verbal root *budh- (to awake, become aware, notice, know or understand) corresponding to the verbs bujjhati (Pāli) and bodhati or budhyate (Sanskrit).
The feminine Sanskrit noun of *budh- is buddhi.
The soteriological goal of Indian religions is liberation or moksha (also called mukti). Liberation is simultaneously freedom from suffering and the endless round of existences. Within the Sramanic traditions one who has attained liberation is called an arhat (Sanskrit; Pali: arahant), an honorific term meaning "worthy" acknowledging the skill and effort required to overcome the obstacles to the goal of nirvana.
According to the Buddha the path to liberation is one of progressively coming out of delusion (Pali: Moha). This path is therefore regarded as a path of awakening. Progressing along the path towards Nirvana one gains insight into the true nature of things. A Buddha is one who has attained liberation and an understanding of the causal mechanism by means of which sentient beings come into existence. This mechanism is called pratitya samutpada or dependent origination. The knowledge or understanding of this is called bodhi.
In the Vanapattha Sutta (Majjhima, chapter 17) the Buddha describes life in the jungle, and the attainment of awakening. After destroying the disturbances of the mind, and perfecting concentration of mind, he attained three knowledges (vidhya):
- Insight into his past lives
- Insight into the workings of Karma and Reincarnation
- Insight into the Four Noble Truths
...attained the unattained supreme security from bondage.
Awakening is also described as synonymous with Nirvana, the extinction of the passions whereby suffering is ended and no more rebirths take place. The insight arises that this liberation is certain:
Knowledge arose in me, and insight: my freedom is certain, this is my last birth, now there is no rebirth.
So awakening is insight into karma and rebirth, insight into the Four Noble Truths, the extinction of the passions whereby Nirvana is reached, and the certainty that liberation has been reached.
The Buddhist Path
The Buddhist tradition gives a wide variety of descriptions of the Buddhist Path (magga) to liberation. Tradition describes the Buddha's awakening, and the descriptions of the path given in the Sutta Pitaka.[web 1][web 2] By following this path Buddhahood can be attained. Following this path dissolves the ten fetters and terminates volitional actions that bind a human being to the wheel of samsara.
The Theravada-tradition follows the Path to purification described by Buddhaghosa in his Visuddhimagga. It features four progressive stages culminating in full enlightenment. The four stages are Sotapanna, Sakadagami, Anagami and Arahat.[web 3]
- Arhat (Pali: arahant), those who reach Nirvana by following the teachings of the Buddha. Sometimes the term Śrāvakabuddha (Pali: sāvakabuddha) is used to designate this kind of awakened person;
- Pratyekabuddhas (Pali: paccekabuddha), those who reach Nirvana through self-realisation, without the aid of spiritual guides and teachers, but don't teach the Dharma;
- Samyaksambuddha (Pali: samma sambuddha), often simply referred to as Buddha, one who has reached Nirvana by his own efforts and wisdom and teaches it skillfully to others.
Development of the concept
The term bodhi acquired a variety of meanings and connotations during the development of Buddhist thoughts in the various schools.
In early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the insight, which implied the extinction of lobha (greed), dosa (hate) and moha (delusion). In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from greed, hate and delusion.
In Mahayana-thought, bodhi is the realisation of the inseparability of samsara and nirvana, and the unity of subject and object. It is similar to prajna, to realizing the Buddha-nature, realizing sunyata and realizing suchness.
Mahayana discerns three forms of bodhi:
Within the various Mahayana-schools exist various further explanations and interpretations.
Bodhi is the final goal of a Bodhisattva's career [...] Bodhi is pure universal and immediate knowledge, which extends over all time, all universes, all beings and elements, conditioned and unconditioned. It is absolute and identical with Reality and thus it is Tathata. Bodhi is immaculate and non-conceptual, and it, being not an outer object, cannot be understood by discursive thought. It has neither beginning, nor middle nor end and it is indivisible. It is non-dual (advayam) [...] The only possible way to comprehend it is through samadhi by the yogin.
In Shingon Buddhism, the state of Bodhi is also seen as naturally inherent in the mind. It is the mind's natural and pure state, where no distinction is being made between a perceiving subject and perceived objects. This is also the understanding of Bodhi found in Yogacara Buddhism and the mind's natural and pure state as in Dzogchen.
To achieve this vision of non-duality, it is necessary to recognise one's own mind:
... it means that you are to know the inherent natural state of the mind by eliminating the split into a perceiving subject and perceived objects which normally occurs in the world and is wrongly thought to be real. This also corresponds to the Yogacara definition ... that emptiness (sunyata) is the absence of this imaginary split
Harmonisation of the various terms and meanings
During the development of Mahayana Buddhism the various strands of thought on Bodhi were continuously being elaborated. Attempts were made to harmonize the various terms. The Buddhist commentator Buddhaguhya treats various terms as synonyms:
For example, he defines emptiness (sunyata) as suchness (tathata) and says that suchness is the intrinsic nature (svabhava) of the mind which is Enlightenment (bodhi-citta). Moreover, he frequently uses the terms suchness (tathata) and Suchness-Awareness (tathata-jnana) interchangeably. But since Awareness (jnana) is non-dual, Suchness-Awareness is not so much the Awareness of Suchness, but the Awareness which is Suchness. In other words, the term Suchness-Awareness is functionally equivalent to Enlightenment. Finally, it must not be forgotten that this Suchness-Awareness or Perfect Enlightenment is Mahavairocana [the Primal Buddha, uncreated and forever existent]. In other words, the mind in its intrinsic nature is Mahavairocana, whom one "becomes" (or vice versa) when one is perfectly enlightened.
- This also includes Pratyekabuddha, but is not being mentioned by Fischer-Schreiber et al.
- Warder 2000, p. 45-50.
- Faure 1991.
- Bhikkhu Nanamoli 1995.
- Warder 2000, pp. 47–48.
- Snelling 1987, p. 27.
- Warder 2000, p. 47-48.
- Bhikkhu Nanamoli 1996, p. 199.
- Warder 2000, p. 49.
- Buswell 1994, p. 1-36.
- Harvey 1995, p. 21-25.
- Walsh (translator) 1995, p. 25-27.
- Harvey 1995, p. 71-72.
- Snelling 1987, p. 81.
- Fischer-Schreiber 2008, p. 51.
- Schreiber 2008, p. 51.
- Sebastian 2005, p. 274.
- Hodge 2003, p. 31-32.
- Bhikkhu Nanamoli; Bhikkhu Bodhi (1995), The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha. A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya, Boston: Wisdom Publ.
- Buswell, Robert E. JR; Gimello, Robert M. (editors) (1994), Paths to Liberation. The Marga and its Transformations in Buddhist Thought, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
- Faure, Bernard (1991), The Rhetoric of Immediacy. A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-02963-6
- Gombrich, Richard F. (1997), How Buddhism Began, Munshiram Manoharlal
- Peter N. Gregory (1991), Sudden and Gradual (Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought), Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 8120808193
- Harvey, Peter (1995), An introduction to Buddhism. Teachings, history and practices, Cambridge University Press
- Hodge, Stephen (2003), The Maha-Vairocana-Abhisambodhi Tantra, With Buddhaguya's Commentary, London: RoutledgeCurzon
- Fischer-Schreiber, Ingrid; Ehrhard, Franz-Karl; diener, Michael S. (2008), Lexicon Boeddhisme. Wijsbegeerte, religie, psychologie, mystiek, cultuur an literatuur, Asoka
- Sebastian, C.D. (2005), Metaphysics and Mysticism in Mahayana Buddhism, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications
- Snelling, John (1987), The Buddhist handbook. A Complete Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice, London: Century Paperbacks
- Walsh (translator), Maurice (1995), The Long Discourses of the Buddha. A translation of the Digha Nikaya, Boston: Wisdom publications
- Warder, Anthony Kennedy (2000), Indian Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
- A. Charles Muller (translator) (1999), The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment. State University Press of New York
- Lu K'uan Yu (translator) (1978), The Surangama Sutra. Bombay: B.I. Publications
- Kenneth R. White (editor) (2005), The Role of Bodhicitta in Buddhist Enlightenment including a Translation into English of the Bodhicitta-Sastra, Benkenmitsu-nikyoron, and Sammaya-kaijo. New York : The Edwin Mellen Press | <urn:uuid:1a68d43d-3836-43b5-b2ac-705568da5979> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodhi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878558 | 2,503 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Concrete, of all things, is used more than any other man-made material in the world. Which means you should probably know how to take care of it. Surface preparation is a pretty competitive industry. Making sure you’re choosing the right concrete grinding services is vital if you want a quality outcome. Maybe you are experienced and feel confident in your own ability to prepare your garage floor, for example. Either way, here are three common mistakes that you want to avoid whether you’re a professional or not when you get down to the concrete grinding phase in your construction or home improvement projects.
1. Ignoring Scratches
When concrete grinding, you’ll want to keep an eye on the finish that is being produced as you go. If you are seeing faint scratches appearing, you have to remove them as soon as possible. Hoping the little nicks and scratches will go away on their own will only contribute to continued manifestation as you polish your concrete floor. If you start to see scratches after using your first resin, you should never assume that your second step in the process will “fix it”. Basically, do not leave the cracks and hope they go away because, inevitably, they won’t, and as a result, your final product will suffer.
2. Grinding Too Fast
A common mistake that operators make is running the grinder too fast. All commercial concrete grinding services should know not to do this. However, this tends to happen when the operator wants to produce results faster, so they will turn up the speed of the grinder in an effort to get more done in a shorter amount of time. However, the increased speed can overheat and glaze over your diamonds. This happens more often than not on harder concrete. This glazing over prevents them from cutting properly. Of course, finding the right speed is important but speed on its own doesn’t equal better production rates. At the end of the day, greater downward pressure equals faster grinding. A heavier machine will obviously allow for more head pressure. The opposite is true of larger machines where a double segment offers better performance due to the fact that it is grinding a larger space at one time. Concrete floor grinding is a competitive industry as well as being something of an art. Knowing that you’re choosing the best concrete grinding service, or being fully informed when doing it yourself is what is most important for a great outcome.
3. Not Inspecting Beforehand
While it sounds silly and probably seems impossible, you would be surprised how easy it is to look at a surface and assume the process. Especially if you work for professional concrete grinding services. You’ve pretty much seen it all before. However, that is not an excuse to not examine the surface you’re working with before you do anything to it. You need to inspect the floors for anything above grade and cut it off, hand grind it so it’s level, or hammer it to below grade. Address any crack repair you may need, and once you’ve eliminated any and all above grade issues, you can begin grinding it with the concrete, which results in an interesting detail which can add personality to the floor. If you DON’T inspect the floor and address the above grade parts before you start, you will almost surely damage your machine. Concrete floor grinding is probably a task that is best left to the professionals, call local concrete grinding services to get quotes and expert advice. | <urn:uuid:92dd20bd-18ec-448b-b5f0-d63516ae99c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slabjackgeotechnical.com/top-3-mistakes-you-could-be-making-when-grinding-concrete/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.958133 | 712 | 1.546875 | 2 |
|Soldering area||260 (L) x 80 (W) mm|
|Min scale||0.04 mm|
|Power supply||AC 220V 50/60HZ 1.5KVA|
|Air pressure||4 – 6 kgf/cm2|
|Machine size||545 (L) x 870 (W) x 625 (H) mm|
Dip soldering, Wave soldering, Iron soldering, Current welding, High frequency soldering.
Servo conveyor, belt conveyor, modular conveyor.
Siemens, Schneider, Keyence, Omron, Misubishi, Panasonic.
Mechanical robot pick and place, RFID reader + sensor, Remote control system, ISP Internet Services Provides, SPSS data collection.
Copper wire, Aluminium wire, Tin wire, Insulation wire.
Lens coil, Transformer coil, Relay coil, Inductor coil, Inverter coil,Valve coil, Ignition coil, Adapter coil, Switch coil, Car horn coil, Primary coil, Mirror coil, Air coil, Voice coil and related coil.
Automatic machine line, Pin inserting, Winding machine, Soldering machine, Spot welding machine, OEM machine, Testing machine, Assembly machine, Coil taping machine. | <urn:uuid:20ee02c2-1590-495a-8df2-8a19e533d97d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ve.com.my/product/dsw-sd-dip-soldering-machine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.68388 | 321 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Orion Pictures Corporation was an American independent production company that produced films from 1978 until 1998. It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists. Although it was never a large motion picture producer, Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood
quality. Woody Allen, James
Cameron, Jonathan Demme, Oliver Stone, and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992. Of the films distributed by Orion, four won Academy Awards for Best Picture: Amadeus (1984), Platoon (1986), Dances with Wolves (1990), and The Silence of the Lambs (1991).
Orion Nebula, inspiration for the name of this famous film
company. See the little pink blob just below the belt. Thatís no star, thatís the Orion Nebula, one of the only nebulae in the whole sky visible
to the naked eye.
Almost all of Orion's post-1982 releases, as well as most of the AIP and Filmways backlogs and all of the television output originally produced and distributed by Orion Television, now bear the MGM name. However, in most cases, the 1980s Orion logo has been retained or added, in the case of the Filmways and AIP libraries.
Most ancillary rights to Orion's back catalog from the 1978Ė1982 joint venture period remain with Warner Bros., including such movies as 10 (1979), Caddyshack (1980), Arthur (1981), Excalibur (1981), and Prince of the City (1981). Some post-1982 films originally released by Orion - Lionheart (1987), The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1984) and Amadeus 1984) (the latter two being Saul Zaentz productions) - are currently distributed by Warner Bros. as well. WB also owns video distribution rights to Three Amigos (1986) on behalf of sister company HBO, which co-produced the film and owns pay-TV rights. However, MGM owns all other rights and the film's copyright.
Woody Allen's films A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (1982) and Zelig (1983) are the only Orion films from the original joint venture period now owned by MGM. Orion releases produced by the Hemdale Film Corporation and Nelson Entertainment are included in MGM's library as well, and are incorporated into the Orion library. MGM did not acquire the Hemdale films, however, (which includes The Terminator, Hoosiers, and Platoon) until it bought the Epic Productions library in 1998. The Nelson films (including the Bill & Ted films) were not acquired until
MGM bought the pre-1996 library of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, Nelson's successor-in-interest, although the television and digital rights to certain films are now held by Paramount Pictures, with television syndication handled on behalf of Paramount by Trifecta Entertainment & Media.
Many of the film and television holdings of The Samuel Goldwyn Company have now also been incorporated into the Orion library (with ownership currently held by MGM), and the copyright on some of this material is held by Orion, except The New Adventures of Flipper now carries the MGM Television Entertainment copyright.
Signs of financial trouble at Orion were growing. Two high-profile hits were not enough to make up for several years of money-losing projects. In addition, the company had spent large sums in an attempt to begin producing shows for television, raising its long-term debt to $509 million and accepting the attendant heavy interest payments. The television unit never turned a profit. It was sold to ABC in early 1991 and became ABC Productions, although Orion continued to retain ownership of all its television output. Strapped for cash, Orion began selling off promising film projects, such as The Addams Family, at fire-sale prices in an attempt to stay in business. The Addams Family was sold to Paramount Pictures for U.S. distribution, while Orion, via Columbia, got the non-U.S. rights.
At the 63rd Annual Awards on March 1991, host Billy Crystal made reference to Orion's financial problems in his opening monologue, joking that "Awakenings is a film about people coming out of a coma; Reversal of Fortune is about someone going into a coma, and Dances with Wolves was made by a studio in a
coma." In April 1991, Kluge, who still owned the bulk of the company, removed Orion's two top executives, including his friend Arthur B. Krim, and appointed younger executives from within the company to try to turn the studio around. One month later, Orion reported a loss of $48 million in its last year of operation, ceased making interest payments on its debts, and entered negotiations with its unhappy bondholders. As Orion disclosed that legal but questionable accounting practices had hidden the full extent of its losses for much of its existence, angry shareholders launched a series of
lawsuits. By November 1991, Orion's losses had continued to mount, and its debt had reached $690 million. Although the company was trying desperately to reach an agreement with its creditors that would allow it to release films it had finished, talks broke down early the next month.
On November 25, 1991, Orion sold its Hollywood Squares format rights to King World Productions after Orion closed down its television division. On December 11, 1991, Orion filed for bankruptcy and protection from its creditors in federal court. Planning to reorganize under Chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy code, it continued to operate as "debtor in possession" of its business, according to the legal papers.
Later in December 1991, New Line Cinema Corporation, a company that had grown successful with its Nightmare on Elm Street series and the film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), put forward a plan to take over Orion. In February 1992, Orion reported that it had worked out a deal with New Line Cinema, but talks foundered on the issue of price and were finally called off in April. ABC, PolyGram, Republic Pictures, and the then-new Savoy Pictures also attempted to buy Orion, but no deal materialized.
At the Academy Awards ceremony, broadcast on March 30, 1992, Crystal yet made another reference to Orion, this time about its demise:
Take a great studio like Orion: A few years ago Orion released Amadeus, it wins Best Picture. Then they released Platoon, Best Picture. Last year Dances with Wolves wins Best Picture. This year The Silence of the Lambs is nominated for Best Picture. And they can't afford to have another hit. But there is good news and bad news. The good news is that Orion was just purchased, and the bad news is it was bought by the House of Representatives.
The Silence of the Lambs swept all five major Academy Awards, but by then, most of its top executives, as well as the actors and producers with whom it had done business, had left the company. In their absence, Orion struggled to come up with a way to renew itself by releasing completed movies. Hollywood observers held scant hope that Orion could be resurrected in anything resembling its previous form. At the time of the collapse of the New Line Cinema deal, one executive told the New York Times, "the only other plans I'm aware of ... are tantamount to liquidation." At the end of the summer of 1992, it was uncertain whether Orion would survive.
The bankruptcy of Orion delayed the release of many films the studio had produced or acquired, among them RoboCop 3 (1993), The Dark Half (1993), Blue Sky (1994), Car 54, Where Are You? (1994), Clifford (1994), The Favor (1994), and There Goes My Baby (1994). It was not until 1993 and 1994 that the films were finally shown.
Orion's president and chief executive officer William Bernstein left the company in 1992. He found a home at Paramount Pictures (which coincidentally was being sold to Orion's former part-owner Viacom) that same year.
FINAL YEARS 1996-1998
Orion was eventually able to exit bankruptcy in 1996, but few of the films released during the four years under bankruptcy protection were successful either critically or commercially.
In the years ahead, Orion produced very few films, and primarily released films from other producers, including LIVE Entertainment. Orion Classics, minus its founders (who had moved to Sony Pictures Entertainment and founded Sony Pictures Classics), continued to acquire popular art-house films, such as Boxing Helena (1993), before Metromedia merged the subsidiary with Samuel Goldwyn Entertainment in 1996.
In 1997, Metromedia sold Orion (as well as Samuel Goldwyn Entertainment and Motion Picture Corporation of America) to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with the deal finalized in late 1998. One Man's Hero (1999) was the last film released by Orion.
Currently, Orion Pictures is the copyright holder for the films of Orion and the pre-1996 PFE for MGM Holdings.
Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour is owned by FremantleMedia and MGM Holdings, the successor to Mark Goodson Productions and Orion Television.
During the 1980s, Orion's output included Woody Allen films, Hollywood blockbusters such as the first Terminator and the RoboCop films, comedies such as Throw Momma from the Train, Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, Something Wild and the Bill & Ted films, and best picture Academy Award winners Amadeus, Platoon, Dances with Wolves, and The Silence of the Lambs.
- Z FILMS INDEX
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AUGUST 23 • Sketching in Watercolor with LaCott Fine Art
Join us as we explore one of expressive Watercolor's best practices, sketching!
In this class, we capture the world around us through expressive and gestural watercolor sketches and drawings. This practice is excellent for those students looking to build on the foundational understanding of Watercolor to compose a collection of gestural and textural representations of life from their travels or preparation for a larger body of work. Our focus will be on capturing the essence of our subject with a quick gestural sketch, building the base of our shapes with our brush, and delicate finishing details to bring our topic to life.
Students are required to bring a reference image of something they would like to sketch, such as a travel photo or natural scene, a floral arrangement, etc.
AGES: 16 years and up
EXPERIENCE: Beginner / Intermediate
MATERIALS: All supplies included BUT students must bring a reference image
INSTRUCTOR: Laura Cott of LaCott Fine Art
LOCATION: MUSE Loft | <urn:uuid:4b95b62c-5879-463e-afc3-1b90b20caa87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://musejar.com/collections/classes/products/august-23-sketching-in-watercolor-with-lacott-fine-art | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.912685 | 224 | 2.28125 | 2 |
If you're like many smartphone users, you've wondered about the other side of the fence. And if you're like only a few smartphone users —say, all 16 of us, you've wondered how the top smartphone platforms would handle the battlefield.
Wonder no longer.
Blame the tinkerers. We couldn't just go play paintball. No, no. Already been done. We needed it to be faster, more efficient, more intuitive, and decidecly more... geeky. There really wasn't a whole lot of discussion about it. We decided we needed two native apps and it was off to the races to see who could get them done first (Mark Rickert won on both counts.)
One thing we pride ourselves on at Skookum Digital Works is displaying the quickest ability to go from idea to implementation. So, this was that. "Hey, that would be awesome!" Done. Made. Realized. Had.
And thoroughly enjoyed.
Not enough mobile apps harness the true power of our phones. Especially for brands, you see a lot of re-skinned websites posing as apps, brochures masquerading as digital-must-haves, and general lack of creative or technical ability to build something truly useful for the end user.
Audio I/O. Video I/O. Accelerometor. Bluetooth. The touch screen. GPS.
In this case, especially GPS. Each mobile device sent data back to a web-service at regular intervals. The devices reported their date/time, longitude, latitude, GPS accuracy, and team (iPhone or Android). This data was stored in a MySQL database which grew to almost 16,000 records in the span of two and a half hours.
The location plotting after the fact was actually pretty straightforward. We wrote a PHP script that pulled each unique user's device records out of the database, filtering on records with 40 foot accuracy or better (since GPS reporting can sometimes be wildly inaccurate till a signal is locked-on). This PHP script spit out some basic XML which we packaged into a Google Earth KML file. From there, Google Earth could plot everyone's locations over time, as well as provide a birds-eye-view of the playing fields (literally) and our locations at any given time. And just by assigning image files to the user ID, we were able to plot the location of the days events, group by team, and also filter by specific users (so we could track the actual air-speed velocity of an unladen Don Post). We created not only a real-time CIA-spy-mission-map but also a short trail of everyone's movements to give a sense of direction and speed. Like that hockey-glow-puck thing that nobody remembers.
On-field viewing of the map was only hindered by our crappy cell coverage at the playing field. Also, the live Google Maps webpage was kind of a hog on some of the slower phones (eherm, iPhone3 lame-o-s), so those players were less digitally effective (because projectile games that cause pain and body bruises can always use more expensive, breakable silicon, glass and plastic, right?)
As if playing smartphone paintball wasn't good enough purpose?
Large outdoor venue. Concert. Festival. Players work either collectively or in teams to locate other players or teams. Team Blue only knows where Team Red is. Team Red only Team Green. Plants in crowd or actors tip off teams and provide clues. AR, QR code, social media, buzzword, buzzword, something something.
Bus schedule/route tracking anyone? "Gee, was that last bus early or late? How long am I going to stand here? Oh look, the #7 is only four blocks away. Sweet."
Have a fleet? Need to see where all your trucks/vans/pizza delivery dudes are at any certain time? (Note to Pizza Dudes, this doesn't have to be nefarious—maybe your team needs you pick up some more ice on your way back.) Want to manage your vehicles to compensate for traffic patterns, congestion, and time overruns?
Want to drive out your name in cursive across the country?
Want to see that Popcorn John is in Section 134 and Soda Jane is in the nosebleeds? For large outdoor venues, an execution like this would work great (and in case you needed it to work inside, we've thought of some non-GPS versions too).
All of those above possibilities have been available for years. But only now are sophisticated systems like this available for the marketer, consumer, small business, or local government. The hardware is no longer a barrier.
But your current mobile application "developer" might be. | <urn:uuid:4b5dad0a-bd2f-4236-883b-8157954b4b94> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://skookum.com/blog/iphone-vs-android-paintball-edition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949519 | 975 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Immigration deserves to be addressed with new law
By Gene Kemmeter
Immigration has been the topic of a lot of discussion in the last year, especially in recent months when President Trump initiated his zero tolerance policy. As people began crossing the border seeking asylum, the administration that claims to be family friendly instituted a policy of separating migrant children from their parents at U.S. borders.
The administration missed a court-ordered deadline Tuesday, July 9, to bring those families with children together, admitting more time is needed to locate all the children, nearly 2,000 of them. And hundreds of them are under the age of 5, leading doctors throughout the U.S. to criticize the action.
There are hundreds of other examples of situations with the new policy. Soldiers serving in the U.S. military services under a promise to grant them citizenship upon completion of their enlistment have been told that citizenship will not be granted. The wife of a Wisconsin businessman, who is studying for a doctorate at a university in Canada, was denied re-entry into the U.S. because she is from Iran, one of the countries where all citizens are barred from entering the U.S.
There is also the “Dreamers” situation. The DREAM Act was proposed to give legal status to certain undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. illegally as children and open a path to citizenship. Like all other immigration legislation, it failed.
President Obama created the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy (DACA) to shield the 1.2 million immigrants known as “Dreamers,” but Congress has failed to pass legislation to make it law. Trump continued the policy, but then canceled it because he didn’t like the proposals brought forward.
Bipartisan proposals on immigration reform have also been proposed and endorsed by Trump, only to have the President pull his support. His main sticking point has been his desire to build a controversial wall along the border with Mexico.
Immigration from Mexico is down, as are the overall numbers of immigrants. The numbers from Honduras, China and India are up. Honduras has the most unaccompanied minors, seeking asylum and refuge from poor economic conditions and social strife in their nation, where 64.5 percent are living in poverty and the murder rate is the world’s highest, with San Pedro Sula in Honduras considered the world’s murder capital.
The majority of immigrants are coming to the U.S. to find a safe place to work and raise a family, the same as our ancestors, and they work and add to the U.S. economy.
In the U.S., the birth rate is declining among whites, and the nation faces a shortage of workers. Something needs to be worked out. U.S. military forces are unable to recruit enough soldiers to meet their quota. What immigrant today is going to be the father or mother of a world-famous, life-changing invention? | <urn:uuid:bf20f9e0-8b5c-41e7-986a-efac9b23295c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stevenspoint.news/2018/07/13/immigration-deserves-to-be-addressed-with-new-law/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.972798 | 607 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The National Security Council (NSC) yesterday dismissed concerns about a security breach in a military drill and insisted that President Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九) boarded a “Clouded Leopard” armored vehicle in order to test its performance.
Ma on Tuesday took his first drive in one of the military’s new Clouded Leopard armored vehicles and watched a drill at the National Political-Military Command Center simulating a conflict in the East China and South China seas.
He left the Presidential Office at about noon on Tuesday wearing a suit, smiling at photographers and reporters as he walked to the vehicle.
The Chinese-language Liberty Times (the Taipei Times’ sister paper) quoted an anonymous secret service official as saying that the president had been exposed to danger and had little protection during the 40 seconds before he entered the vehicle, accusing the council of being careless with its organization of the drill.
In a written statement, the council yesterday said the armored vehicle was assembled in December 2011, and the president rode in the vehicle for the first time on Tuesday to test its capability.
“[President Ma boarding the vehicle] was not part of the drill,” the statement said.
Ma and other government officials, including Presidential Office Secretary-General Timothy Yang (楊進添) and National Security Council Secretary-General Jason Yuan (袁健生), did not wear military outfits or helmets because the test drive was not included in the drill, it said.
Ma wore a military outfit when he boarded a CM31 armored vehicle in 2009 during the No. 25 Hanguang Drill. The council said that drill was a simulation of war games.
Tuesday’s drill, on the other hand, simulated an escalation in tensions with an impact on politics, diplomatic relations, the economy, transportation and cross-strait relations. It aimed to test the government’s coordination and enhance its ability to handle a national security crisis, rather than simulate a war game. | <urn:uuid:7b66b2ae-6f2b-4229-98e8-96c514d11190> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/05/30/2003563536 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00455-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966338 | 417 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Pakistani troops continue to go after Taliban in the Khyber Pass area. A week of this has left over a hundred Taliban dead and even more arrested. Hundreds of Taliban gunmen more have fled the area, but some are still sneaking around, and not leaving. The Taliban had been terrorizing the locals, and extorting money from the tribesmen and the truck drivers. More worrisome, the Taliban provided bases for suicide bomber operations, which were used against army bases and border guard border stations.
In Pakistan, the government decided to import bullet proof cars for government ministers, who are increasingly attacked by Islamic radical assassins. The government is also out to fundamentally change the way things are run in the tribal areas. The century old agreement (between the British colonial officials and the Pushtun tribal chiefs) gave the tribes a lot of autonomy, in exchange for peace. But the recent Taliban unrest has pushed the government to face the problem (of tribal governance) head on, and are beginning to tear up the 1901 agreement. Not all the tribal people, and their leaders, are unhappy with this. The Taliban terrorism has exposed the weakness of tribal government. Many believe that change can't be any worse than what is happening now.
India has identified counterfeit Singapore and Australian dollars in circulation. Indian officials first detected counterfeit U.S. dollars, and traced the source back to Nepal, and from there back to Pakistan, where the bills are printed. It's unclear if this counterfeiting is government sponsored.
In Pakistan, because of recent Taliban rocket attacks on the airport, five of six foreign airlines have stopped flying into Peshawar, the largest city in the tribal territories.
Sri Lankan counter-terrorism officials have told their Pakistani counterparts that they have discovered that an attack, by Pakistani gunmen, on the Sri Lankan cricket team during a visit to Pakistan earlier this year, was paid for by the LTTE, a Sri Lanka rebel group that was crushed earlier this year, after two decades of fighting. That defeat resulted in many documents and LTTE officials being captured, and that revealed all sorts of information on how rebel groups in the region cooperate with each other. Apparently, the LTTE was in touch with the Taliban, and paid to have the Sri Lankan cricket team shot at.
In eastern India, Maoist rebels have been hunting down and killing civilians they suspect of being police informers. At least five people have been murdered in the last few days. So far this year, nearly six hundred people have been killed in India because of Maoist related violence.
September 6, 2009: In Quetta, the largest city in Baluchistan, someone threw a grenade at a police station, missed, and wounded twelve civilians in the nearby market.
September 5, 2009: In southwest Bangladesh, police killed three Islamic terrorists.
September 2, 2009: Death threats against USAID officials have caused the U.S. to close the USAID offices in Pakistan's capital. This will interrupt the flow of aid to Pakistan. It's believed that the death threats may be related to USAID cracking down on Pakistani corruption and the theft of American aid funds and supplies. Meanwhile, unidentified gunmen attacked and wounded the Religious Affairs Minister, wounding him. The minister himself belongs to the more moderate Sufi sect of Islam, and has been a strong opponent to the Taliban.
September 1, 2009: Pakistani troops attacked four Taliban bases (compounds or homes the rebels had taken over) in the Khyber Pass area, and killed at least 40 Taliban, while arresting another 43. Several thousand civilians fled the fighting. Meanwhile, over the last five days, nearly fifty Taliban have been killed the Swat valley.
In Kashmir, an Indian soldier was killed by Pakistani troops firing across the Line of Control (the border separating Indian and Pakistani portions of Kashmir). While the ceasefire between Pakistan and India has greatly reduced the violence along the border, there is still shooting. Often, Pakistani troops or border guards will fire on Indian troops to distract them while Islamic terrorists try to sneak into India. Last year, there were about three incidents a month, of Pakistani troops firing into India, while this year, it's 3-4 a month. This violence is almost always from the Pakistani side. | <urn:uuid:4f600e9d-34e2-4252-a004-2ff16488a40d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.strategypage.com/qnd/india/articles/20090907.aspx?comments=Y | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00349-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964364 | 859 | 2.078125 | 2 |
At some point, we'll all have assistive robots in our homes. Even the most optimistic projections (and we're not responsible for any of those) put it a ways out, and the first place these robots will show up will likely be in an elder care capacity as opposed to doing our laundry. There has been a lot of (appropriate) emphasis on function, but form is very important as well, and the big question (or one of them, at least) is how human we should try to make these robots, and how much it matters.
Akanksha Prakash, a graduate student at Georgia Tech's School of Psychology, conducted a study to try and figure out how human robots should be. For a given task, participants of different ages where shown a series of three images consisting of a human face, a robotic face, or a mixture of the two, and asked which they'd be most comfortable interacting with.
“We found that participants, both younger and older, will assign emotional traits to a robot based on its face, which will determine what they are most comfortable interacting with,” said Prakash. “As a result, preferences for robotic appearance varied across tasks.”
Interestingly, there was a difference between the features people desired in robots performing decision-making tasks versus social tasks: for example, for robotic investment advice, younger participants liked a mixed human-robot appearance, while older adults tended to prefer a more human face. And for the social tasks, both age groups preferred a more human face.
Personal care tasks such as bathing provoked the most divisive preferences within both age groups. Those who chose a human face did so because they associated the robot with human-like care capabilities—such as nursing—and trustworthy traits. Many others didn’t want anything looking like a human to bathe them due to the private nature of the task. “Sometimes personal care can get pretty involved. Many participants said they would rather have an impersonal looking creature caring for their personal needs,” Prakash said.
We're going to need a lot more research like this before we get effective humanoid robotics in the home, if for no other reason than any robot that humans aren't comfortable using isn't going to be a commercial success. However, I'm personally not entirely convinced that these people really do want a robot with a face like a human. Study participants were shown images, not videos, and the Uncanny Valley gets a lot deeper when you throw motion into the mix.
It's also going to be very important to establish whether it's a human-like face that people respond to, as opposed to just human features. WALL-E (to take just one example) had human features (eyes and eyebrows) that provided a huge range of expression while staying safely out of the Uncanny Valley. Would humans really prefer something borderline creepy for social tasks, even if at first glance they think that they might be more comfortable with it? Again, more research is going to be needed, but my guess is that when robots enter our homes, they're not going to look much like us at all. | <urn:uuid:108767f1-8ebe-49e8-a627-83da79307285> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/how-human-should-assistive-robots-look | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970239 | 642 | 2.703125 | 3 |
If you were under the impression that the human body had finished evolving, think again. It turns out that some people have a bone in their knee called a fabella. And while this particular little bone with an unknown purpose was once fading away, over the last century and a half, it's gotten more common. Back in 1875, nearly 18 percent of people examined had a fabella. That number dropped to 11 percent by 1918. However, by 2018, 39 percent of individuals had this mysterious bone. | <urn:uuid:4463abd8-ffed-4355-87c0-3d736ad6516b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.focusrsclub.com/threads/some-people-have-an-extra-bone-in-their-knee-and-its-getting-more-common.5736/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.984921 | 102 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Our children's behaviour doesn't exist in a vacuum - it affects others. And a child's delinquency can sometimes be matched by the delinquency of their parents.
Take for example, Old Testament priest Eli. He had two delinquent sons who not only hurt a family, but caused untold damage to a community and nation.
In 1 Samuel 3:13 God speaks to Samuel about the parenting of Eli...
I told him that I would judge his family forever because of the sin he knew about; his sons made themselves contemptible, and he failed to restrain them.
The result of Eli's poor parenting was not just trouble in Eli's home, but the loss of a war in which 30,000 men died and who knows how many families grieved.
Eli knew about the sinful behaviour of his children and did nothing about it. And he is no model of godliness either. In fact Eli grew fat on ill-gotten gains from his children. Perhaps that is why he never restrained them. He enjoyed what his children could offer him, more than cherishing the protections of God for his family and society. I think some fathers standing on the sidelines of their sons' football games could learn from this as they try to live out their dreams vicariously through their children. But the thing to note is that unrestrained behaviour does not teach wisdom. Rather it allows for a growth in foolishness which at heart has no fear of God...
"Eli's sons were wicked men; they had no regard for the LORD." (1 Samuel 2:12)
As parents we must be active and vigilant in the correction and restraint of our children. No parent wants to hear what Eli heard about his children "it was the Lord's will to put them to death." (1 Samuel 2:25)
A message for young people
Children ought not kick out against mum and dad's discipline and restraint. If you are a young person reading this and struggle with your parents' discipline, spare a thought for mum and dad. They know the consequences of your actions could ruin you and others. They also have the maturity to know their accountability to God for the way they raise you. Parents have a tough job - their love for their children and community means they will often act in ways that children may hate them for.
But the truth is - every time a child wishes their parents were more like other parents, who lets their children do anything, that child has wished for a parent like Eli.
But Eli was a parent who allowed his children to self destruct and be condemned by God. He was a parent who allowed for untold hurt to be visited upon an entire community.
If you are a young person whose parents love you enough to do hard things - and you have kicked against them - then I would encourage you to repent before God and apologise to your parents and tell them you love them.
Honour God before your kids
Eli made one big mistake in parenting which you pick up in a question asked of him by God "Why do you honour your sons more than me..." 1 Samuel 2:29
Whenever a parent honours their children more than God, the potential for ruining their children is heightened. In fact whenever God is not first in any aspect of life, our lives will suffer. If this can happen in the family of a priest in Israel, one might wonder if the most concealed idolatry in the Christian church today could be the idolatry of our children. Heaven forbid that we have to learn that "it was the Lord's will to put them to death."
The Bible is very clear as it speaks to parents and children. The exhortation of God's word is to put God first in your life. Thankfully Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners … parents and children.
For more articles from Growing Faith, subscribe to our monthly e-newsletter.
To hear about the latest books and resources from Youthworks Media, subscribe here. | <urn:uuid:f405c3ae-e3f2-496c-a92c-04a00eab01ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://growingfaith.com.au/articles/the-dangers-of-parenting-like-eli | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.983541 | 809 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Malala Yousafzai, the 14-year-old from Pakistan who was shot by the Taliban on Oct. 9 for promoting girls’ education, has been transported to the U.K. for further treatment. A rally for the wounded teenager on Oct. 14 brought thousands of supporters to Karachi, Pakistan to protest the violent attack.
Malala Yousafzai is still recovering from the gunshot wounds she suffered on Oct. 9 when an armed Taliban militant charged her school bus and shot her at point-blank range in the head and neck. The 14-year-old activist, who was targeted for her efforts to promote education and equality for girls in the Swat valley of Pakistan, arrived in the U.K. on Oct. 15, where she will receive further treatment.
Malala was being treated at a military hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, when Pakistani doctors and international medical experts decided to fly her to Britain, according to the Los Angeles Times.
“Malala will require prolonged care to fully recover from the physical and psychological effects of trauma that she has received,” according to a statement by the Pakistani military.
She was flown in an aircraft equipped supplied by the United Arab Emirates that contained specialized medical equipment, and was transported to the major trauma center at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham.
Her treatment will include skull reconstruction and neurological rehabilitation for the injuries suffered from the bullet to her skull, the Los Angeles Times is reporting.
On Oct. 14, thousands of protestors gathered in Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city, in support of Malala’s activism against the Taliban, and as a protest to the militant violence in Pakistan. The demonstration, which was arranged by the liberal Pakistani political party Muttahida Qaumi Movement, was the largest so far in support of Malala and her two wounded classmates.
Malala was targeted for speaking out against the Taliban and promoting the education of young girls. She blogged about her views for an award-winning blog for the BBC under a pen name. The Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) have taken responsibility for the shootings, and have promised to target her again if she survives the attack.
No word on how long Malala will be staying in the U.K or if she will return to Pakistan.
Such a tragedy. Our thoughts are with brave Malala and her family during this difficult time.
What do YOU think of Malala’s efforts HollyMoms?
— Christina Stiehl
More tragic HollyBaby news: | <urn:uuid:b2145b11-8f7b-4a39-8610-e404a5891221> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hollywoodlife.com/2012/10/15/malala-yousafzai-hospital-britain-serious-condition-united-kingdom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00350-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96804 | 527 | 1.84375 | 2 |
While the push for student loan debt to be discharged in bankruptcy continues, the Obama Administration is pushing Congress to act on the issue. The Administration, along with other political figures, claims the bankruptcy code should be revised to allow student loan debt to be dischargeable. While all types of student loan debt may not be considered for elimination in bankruptcy, the act may help reduce an overwhelming number of Americans with outstanding loans.
A recent report was published by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the Department of Education in regards to student loan debt in the United States. Data continues to show student loan debt increasing with Americans owing more than $150 billion. Yet, what is interesting is that a majority of these loans are private. One reason why so many Americans are struggling to repay outstanding private loans is due to repayment plans not being structured in borrower-friendly manner. This is an element many may not realize when they take the loan out.
In 2005 when the bankruptcy code was revised, it claims that private loans are banned from being wiped out in bankruptcy. But certain analysts say Congress may consider allowing private loans to be discharged if the debtor has repaid on the loan for a certain time period. Discharging debt may also be beneficial for those who are pursing work in what is being called a challenging market when it comes to getting work. Financial institutions such as Sallie Mae claim they also support private loans to be discharged in bankruptcy, only if the debtor has made an ongoing effort to repay what they borrowed. | <urn:uuid:825d38fd-2d4f-4ac9-854d-a43315c0646b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.allmandlaw.com/Blog/2012/July/Congress-Urged-by-Obama-Administration-to-Includ.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00459-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968806 | 299 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The purpose of this course is to introduce students to communication theories and to explore their application to our everyday interactions. Students do not give speeches in this course; rather the class is lecture and discussion based. Students are encouraged to actively participate during the lecture with examples from their everyday experiences.
Several of the theories covered include:
Social Penetration Theory: If you have ever had a friend or dating relationship, this class is for you. It will help you better understand how these relationships grow and develop.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory: Have you ever suffered from “buyer’s remorse?” If so, this is the theory for you. This theory explains how people deal with inconsistent thoughts and ideas.
Expectancy Violations Theory: If you have ever dealt with a “close talker,” this theory will help you understand why you your pre-interactional expectations affect your interactions.
Groupthink: Even rocket scientists don’t make good decisions, as evidenced by the 1986 Challenger Disaster. This theory helps to explain how a group of people make a worse decision than a lone individual.
Communication Privacy Management: Have you ever told someone a secret and they blabbed it all over town? This theory explains how we establish rules for protecting our privacy and what happens when these rules are violated.
If these sound like experiences you have had, then this is the class for you! Come and learn about these theories and many others. Find things that you can use in both personal and professional situations. | <urn:uuid:4adbd778-0571-40a0-89f3-67ff11c72a77> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.shsu.edu/academics/communication-studies/undergraduate/com-481.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949145 | 314 | 3.359375 | 3 |
“Let us follow still further what happened. The shopkeepers, finding their trade quite gone, for it was almost worth a person’s life to go into their shops, watched as they were by paid spies, had to capitulate to the League. An abject apology and a promise to let themselves be evicted next time were the price they had to pay to be allowed in a free country to carry on their trade. Ruin faced them both ways. After having the ban of boycotting taken off them, with eviction not far distant, most of them held clearance sales, at tremendous sacrifices, so as to be prepared for moving. One man is reputed to have got rid of seven thousand pounds’ worth of goods under these circumstances. Of the other division, who allowed their places to be sold, most of them are now evicted. Dozens of shop assistants, needlewomen, and others connected with the trade of a thriving town, are thrown out of employment, and a peaceful neighbourhood has been changed into a scene of bloodshed and violence.
“I appeal to the English people not to encourage or support a vile system of intimidation and violence, a system which not only pursues and ruins its enemies, but refuses to allow peaceably-inclined people to remain neutral. A case like this should not be one of Party politics, but should be looked upon as the cause of all who wish to pursue their lawful vocations peaceably against those who wish to tyrannise by terror over the community at large.
“I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
“FOEDI FOEDERIS ADVERSARIUS.”
My private letters strengthen and confirm every word of this account; and the following letter is again a proof of personal tyranny and political malevolence not reassuring as qualities in the governing power:—
“TO THE EDITOR OF THE ‘TIMES.’
“Sir,—I have received a letter from my friend Mr. Edward Phillips, of Thurlesbeg House, Cashel, and the round, unvarnished tale that he delivers throws more light upon Ireland than any amount of the windy rhetoric which is so plentifully displayed on Parnellite and Gladstonian platforms. Mr. Phillips writes as follows:—
“’I hold 270 acres from Mr. Smith-Barry at a rent of L340 under lease and tenant-right, which, with my improvements, I valued at L1,000. The Land League have decided, thinking to hurt Mr. Smith-Barry, that all tenants must prepare to give up their farms by allowing themselves to be evicted. They are clearing off everything, and because I refuse to do this, and forfeit my L1,000, I am boycotted in the most determined manner. I am refused the commonest necessaries of life, even medicine, and have to get all from a distance. Blacksmiths, &c., refuse to work, and labourers have notice to leave, but have not yet done so.
“’Heretofore people were boycotted for taking farms; I am boycotted for not giving up mine, which I have held for 25 years. A neighbour of mine, an Englishman, is undergoing the same treatment, and we alone. We are the only Protestant tenants on the Cashel estate. The remainder of the tenants, about 30, are clearing everything off their land, and say they will allow themselves to be evicted.’ | <urn:uuid:d64c0740-3444-47a8-80e0-3c3ce3173d1b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bookrags.com/ebooks/13109/35.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972073 | 727 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Seagulls are 10 times more polluting to the country’s beaches than people, according to the latest water quality report from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The birds have been blamed as one of the reasons for the EPA’s decision to brand water quality at Merrion Strand in Dublin as poor, since they have taken to resting in large number on a sandbar.
“The droppings of a seagull in a single day carried about 10 times more concentrated bacteria than the waste from a human in a single day,” said EPA senior scientific officer, Peter Webster.
Six beaches, including Merrion, have been given “poor” grades, which means that local authorities will put up warnings to swimmers, but will not ban them from swimming there.
However, the EPA report found three-quarters of sites it inspected were “excellent” and 93.4 per cent met minimum EU standards - roughly in line with last year’s numbers.
Those classed as “poor” were Youghal, Co Cork; Duncannon Co Waterford; Rush south beach. Co Dublin and Ballyloughane, Co Galway all of which were first classed as “poor” in 2014, as well as Merrion Strand and Loughshinny in Dublin which were classified as poor for the first time in 2015.
No inland bathing areas were classified as having poor water quality.
EPA senior scientific officer Peter Webster said problems at Merrion Strand in south Dublin were “complex, on-going and difficult to resolve”.
Two factors had been identified. First was the presence the Trimleston and Elm Park streams which were found to be polluted with sewage. Mr Webster said this could be a result of “poor housing connections” from anywhere as far as the M50.
The second issue was an offshore sandbar which had become home to populations of seagulls and wading birds. The droppings of a seagull in a single day carried about ten times more concentrated bacteria than the waste from a human in a single day, he said.
The EPA said where bathing waters were classified as poor, the advice was not to bathe. Where such a classification was made, local authorities must publicise the advice, or in more extreme cases close the beach.
In a statement on Monday evening Fingal County Council said it had agreed a management plan for Loughshinny Beach bathing water with the EPA, “who are satisfied that the measures set out in the plan will achieve an improvement in water quality”.
In relation to the other coastal areas, remediation measures are being put in place by agreement between the local authorities and the EPA.
Mr Webster said a complicating factor in the report was that data was compiled over a four year period, so the data applying to 2015 was collected between 2012 and 2015.
In the case of Loughsinny a once-off event in 2014 had caused a major pollution leak, but previous years had pulled the overall result up. Since 2015 was marginally worse than 2011, “the data tipped” into the poor classification this year, he said. | <urn:uuid:1758b064-f112-4bbf-9373-bb7872200c28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/seagulls-10-times-more-polluting-to-beaches-than-people-1.2598074 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.983367 | 672 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Writer and artist Alistair Gentry once proposed a lecture series he called “One Eyed Monster.” Central to the project is what Gentry calls “the cult of James Joyce,” an exemplar of a larger phenomenon: “the vulture-like picking over of the creative and material legacies of dead artists.” “Untalented and noncreative people,” writes Gentry, “are able to build lasting careers from what one might call the Talented Dead.” Gentry’s judgment may seem harsh, but the questions he asks are incisive and should give pause to scholars (and bloggers) who make their livings combing through the personal effects of dead artists, and to everyone who takes a special interest, prurient or otherwise, in such artifacts. Just what is it we hope to find in artists’ personal letters that we can’t find in their public work? I’m not sure I have an answer to that question, especially in reference to James Joyce’s “dirty letters” to his wife and chief muse, Nora.
The letters are by turns scandalous, titillating, romantic, poetic, and often downright funny, and they were written for Nora’s eyes alone in a correspondence initiated by her in November of 1909, while Joyce was in Dublin and she was in Trieste raising their two children in very straitened circumstances. Nora hoped to keep Joyce away from courtesans by feeding his fantasies in writing, and Joyce needed to woo Nora again—she had threatened to leave him for his lack of financial support. In the letters, they remind each other of their first date on June 16, 1904 (subsequently memorialized as “Bloomsday,” the date on which all of Ulysses is set). We learn quite a lot about Joyce’s predilections, much less about Nora’s, whose side of the correspondence seems to have disappeared. Declared lost for some time, Joyce’s first reply letter to Nora in the “dirty letters” sequence was recently discovered and auctioned off by Sotheby’s in 2004.
I do not excerpt here any of the language from Joyce’s subsequent letters, not for modesty’s sake but because there is far too much of it to choose from. If those prudish censors of Ulysses had read this exchange, they might have dropped dead from grave wounds to their sense of decorum. As far as I can ascertain, the letters exist in publication only in the out-of-print Selected Letters of James Joyce, edited by pre-eminent Joyce biographer Richard Ellmann, and in a somewhat truncated form on this site. Alistair Gentry has done us the favor of transcribing the letters as they appear in Ellmann’s Selected Letters on his site here. Of our interest in them, he asks:
Does anyone have the right to read things that were clearly meant only for two specific people…? Now that they have been exposed to the world’s gaze, albeit in a fairly limited fashion, does anybody except these two (who are dead) have any right to make objections about or exercise control over the manner in which these private documents and records of intimacy are used?
Questions worth considering, if not answered easily. Nevertheless, despite his critical misgivings, Gentry writes: “These letters stand on their own as brilliant and, dare I say, arousing Joycean writing. In my opinion they’re definitely worth reading.” I must say I agree. Joyce’s brother Stanislaus once wrote in a diary entry: “Jim is thought to be very frank about himself but his style is such that it might be contended that he confesses in a foreign language—an easier confession than in the vulgar tongue.” In the “dirty letters,” we get to see the great alchemist of ordinary language and experience practically revel in the most vulgar confessions. | <urn:uuid:ed1f77a4-3622-4dd4-aa7b-8fd378c52bc7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.openculture.com/2013/09/james-joyces-dirty-letters-to-his-wife.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00114-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974032 | 842 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Geometric checks and corrections
Geometric checking of machine tools at Saint-Etienne
Following the installation or moving of your machine tools, or just periodically, we perform geometric checks according to the standards in force, and apply the necessary corrections.
- Traditional geometric checks
- Alignment checks
- Check the perpendicularity and linearity of the axes.
- Rules, squares, and marble columns
- Electronic levels made by EDA
- Special plan overlay level made by WILLER
- Quick-read level made by WILLER
- Laser checks
- Axis calibrations
- Ballbar system that checks the precision of the machine, improves machine capability and the quality of surface finish on parts.
- Shaft and spindle alignment laser made by FIXTUR LASER
- Straightness and square laser by FIXTUR LASER
- PVSESAM axle signature | <urn:uuid:e38eddd2-bd27-4d91-bf02-e917b2b1918b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.mpm-emalec.com/services-machines-outils/controles-et-corrections-geometriques/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.852406 | 199 | 2.375 | 2 |
The coal industry may be integrated, and the mining mechanization rate needs to be improved.
the coal industry may be integrated, and the mining mechanization rate needs to be improved.
China engineering machinery information
Guide: during the peak of power supply in midsummer, the coal price will also rise steadily, thus gaining the reputation of "coal crazy". But in the midsummer of this year, the coal price, like a parabola, fell to the bottom. From more than 900 yuan/ton last year to more than 600 yuan/ton now, it fell for 13 weeks. It seems that the domestic coal market entered the cold
at the peak of power supply in midsummer, the price of coal will also rise steadily, thus gaining the nickname of "coal crazy". However, in the midsummer of this year, the coal price, like a parabola, fell to the bottom. From more than 900 yuan/ton last year to more than 600 yuan/ton now, falling for 13 weeks. It seems that the domestic coal market has entered the "cold winter" ahead of schedule. On the surface, this seems to be accompanied by the decline of the overall market. But from the macro perspective, with the weakening of the macro economy, the downstream of the coal industry is depressed, and the era of coal surplus is coming
domestic major ports are piled with coal, and the sharp decline or loss of performance affected by it has also become the main melody of the current situation of the coal industry. Behind the plunge in coal prices is the problem of de stocking under insufficient demand, the continuous downturn in downstream power, steel, real estate and other industries, the increasingly narrow situation of China's high energy consuming industries, and the far-reaching impact of global shale gas exploitation and utilization on the global energy pattern in the medium and long term. The deeper problem reflects the pain of China's economic growth transformation. How effective is the government's support? Will it help reverse the loss situation of coal enterprises
coal prices plummeted in the first half of the year, 90 large coal enterprises lost money
behind the continuous decline in coal prices is the problem of de stocking under insufficient demand. According to the calculation of China coal transportation and Marketing Association, in the first half of the year, China's total coal consumption was about 1.97 billion tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.8%, down 6.6 percentage points from the same period last year. Among them, the power industry, as a major coal consumer, consumed 990 million tons of coal, a year-on-year increase of 2.7%, down 9.4 percentage points
the sharp drop in demand growth has led to a downturn in coal sales and a slow process of de stocking. The national development and Reform Commission recently released the coal production, sales and inventory profile of eight provinces and autonomous regions in the first half of 2012, including Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi and Yunnan. The report shows that in the first half of this year, the raw coal output of the eight provinces and autonomous regions was 1.033 billion tons; By the end of June, 2012, the coal inventory of the eight provinces and autonomous regions had reached 4300400 tons, an increase of 19482200 tons over the same period last year, an increase of 82.83%
affected by sluggish sales and falling prices, the sharp decline in performance or loss has become the main theme of the current situation of the coal industry. "The sales pressure of coal enterprises is great, and the coal sales of major coal producing provinces and key coal enterprises have decreased. In the first five months, 90 large coal enterprises have suffered losses. By the end of June, the accounts receivable of 90 large coal enterprises increased by 52.8% year-on-year." Liangdunshi, Deputy Secretary General of China coal transportation and Marketing Association, said
statistics show that as of August 1, among the eight listed companies in the coal industry that have issued performance forecasts, five are expected to lose money in the first half of the year, and two are expected to have a year-on-year decline in net profit. Only Yongtai energy is expected to have a year-on-year increase in net profit due to the substantial year-on-year increase in the company's coal output
the national development and Reform Commission plans to issue new regulations on coal mines. Many provinces and cities have issued documents on fee reduction and apportionment.
the national development and Reform Commission recently issued the Interim Provisions on the overall planning and management of coal mining areas. Compared with the notice on regulating the approval and management of the overall planning of coal mining areas issued in 2004, the new provisions will increase the capacity scale limit under the approval authority of the central and local coal mine projects to 3million tons/year. This may reduce the coal production capacity, which is good for the coal industry in the long term
it is pointed out through analysis that the content of the regulations implies an instruction on the development path of the coal industry, that is, to strengthen scientific planning, avoid unauthorized approval and unauthorized short-term expansion of scale, and strengthen resource protection and energy intensive development
the excessive tax burden of coal enterprises has already become a major problem restricting the healthy development of the coal market. Against the backdrop of declining coal demand and falling coal prices this year, coal production enterprises in western provinces are crying bitterly. In order to cope with this crisis, many provinces and cities have recently issued policies to reduce the burden on coal enterprises
the coal industry may need to improve the mechanization rate of integrated mining.
the person in charge of a coal enterprise in Shanxi Province analyzed that anywhere from the nano scale, the precision 10000 times thinner than human hair to the macro scale (measured in mm), there are three main reasons for the downturn in coal demand: first, the growth rate of product output in the main coal consuming industries in China generally declined with mechanical locking; Second, from June to August this year, the national rainy range is significantly larger than that of last year. Regional plastic material technology needs to be broken through to deal with environmental problems. Heavy precipitation processes are more than usual, and hydropower output increases, thus reducing the demand for thermal power. The daily coal consumption of national key power plants continues to decline; Third, the growth rate of electricity consumption in the whole society continued to fall. The decrease in demand has led to an increase in inventory and an obvious trend of oversupply in the market, which has led to a decline in prices
in the case of international coal weakness, the coal industry is being integrated. It is not only necessary to find ways to deal with the huge impact of the coal industry, but also to work hard on mechanized coal mining and improving coal quality. Compared with major foreign coal mining countries, the mining conditions of coal resources in China are biased. The coal seams are deeply buried and have complex structures. Only about 6% of the coal resources are suitable for open-pit mining. More than 90% of the coal seams need to be mined underground with coal machinery | <urn:uuid:cbea4869-e9f1-496a-aa6a-a5f6637a677e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www1.fangchenglong.com/top/31995.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.951085 | 1,469 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Use the Feed Cost CowQLator to Compare Feed Options with Drought Conditions
Kristen Ulmer and Aaron Berger
University of Nebraska
Lack of moisture this summer leaves cattle producers with questions as to what they should do with pastures drying up. Considering alternative feeding options and management practices, may be necessary.
How will summer drought and this fall’s corn crop affect feeder cattle?
Several factors are at play that may have a significant effect on the fall feeder cattle and calf run, says Brian R. Williams, assistant Extension professor in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Mississippi State University. One is how the corn and soybean harvest will play out, given extremes in summer weather in the Midwest.
Why The Japan Beef Tariff Isn’t As Bad As Producers Think
The U.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF) said Japan is continuing to buy U.S. beef. Exports to the island country continued to gain momentum in June, with volume up 7 percent and value up 13 percent compared to 2016. Don Close, senior analyst of animal protein at Rabobank, said this increase is “terribly frustrating,” but it isn’t the worst thing that could happen.
Fall Calving Offers Advantages to Your Cow Herd
Fall calving offers several advantages that the cow-calf producers can utilize in their management programs. A key advantage is that cows will spend their last days of gestation grazing more lush summer pastures and will typically calve at a higher body condition – something to keep in mind when developing a feeding program for those lactating mama cows.
Cow, calf shot while grazing in central Minnesota wildlife refuge
St. Paul Pioneer Press
Someone shot and killed a cow and a calf grazing in the the Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge in central Minnesota near St. Cloud. The Sherburne County sheriff’s office is asking for the public’s help in finding who killed two cows, which were legally grazing on the federal land.
Don’t allow activists to disrupt fairs and expos
Animal Agriculture Alliance
Summer is well underway and that means county fairs and livestock shows are in full swing. For many producers and youth involved in agriculture, fair season means putting in extra hours of practice and preparation in order to show off a year of hard work in the show ring along with
making friendships and memories to last a lifetime.
HSUS Pushing for Farm Bill Animal ‘Welfare’ Title
Brownfield AG News
Ignore the following at your own peril: The Humane Society of the U.S. (HSUS) is working its tail off to get an animal “welfare” title into the 2018 Farm Bill. You’ve been warned. At the August 5 House Agriculture Committee’s listening session in Modesto, California, “several speakers,” by one media account, called on the committee to include in the new Farm Bill legislation dealing with so-called “animal welfare issues.”
ABC settled ‘pink slime’ defamation suit for more than $177 million
A legal settlement between ABC and a South Dakota meat producer in a defamation lawsuit over the network’s reports on a beef product that critics dubbed "pink slime" exceeded $177 million, an attorney for the producer said Wednesday.
Keep Cattle Cool with These Simple Heat-beating Strategies
The months of July and August are traditionally the hottest time of the year in the northern hemisphere. During these critical warmer periods, it’s important producers take action to keep cattle cool and comfortable and mitigate the potential animal performance losses typically seen when temperatures rise.
Destructive Montana wildfires push cowboys to weigh federal help for livestock industry
Hundreds of miles of meadows and scrub grass that feed tens of thousands of beef cattle are gone, replaced by the charred soil and smoldering prairie dog burrows that the state’s largest wildfire in nearly three decades has left behind. But after the massive multimillion-dollar firefight, another battle has emerged in the wide open spaces where there is often distrust of the government: What should the federal role be in helping Montana’s livestock industry respond to, and recover from, the blaze. | <urn:uuid:1af3bb31-5e31-44f2-a0b9-79e6f0f0ace8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://purduephil.wordpress.com/2017/08/14/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.926933 | 953 | 2 | 2 |
Bulletman is a Golden Age Super Hero. He first appeared in Nickel Comics #01 (May 1940) published by Fawcett Comics.
Bulletman was Jim Barr, the son of a police officer, who was killed in the line of duty, and as a result of this, decided to fight crime. He tried to join the Police Force, but was rejected for physical reasons, but he got a job working in ballistics.
He experimented with chemicals to develop powers for himself. He gained increased muscle mass and brain function. He also invented a 'Gravity Regulator Helmet', which was bullet shaped and gave him his name. It allowed him to fly and deflect bullets. His formula was shown to make him strong enough to smash a tank.
Bulletman created a second helmet for his girlfriend and later wife Susan Kent, daughter of policeman Sergeant Kent. She adopted the name Bulletgirl. The helmet is shown to be so strong that when Bulletgirl was run over by a Nazi tank, she was only knocked out.
Bulletman and Bulletgirl regularly battled villains such as, Joker, Weeper, Shade, and Doctor Light. They also appeared a few times with Captain Marvel and his family. | <urn:uuid:3a0ceac7-b394-439c-aecb-209326008ee0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://comicbookplus.com/?cid=3244 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991066 | 247 | 1.96875 | 2 |
At City Hall this week, those responsible for the enlightened laws of this community are looking at Baltimore's teen-age birth rate and its venereal disease rate, and they are declaring bravely and without fear of contradiction:
Everywhere you look, sexually active teen-agers are being encouraged to use birth control. There are condom posters in schools and on buses, and there are hospitals and health clinics urging the purchase of contraceptives. Seven middle schools and high schools are giving out condoms to teens. Drugstores that once hid contraceptives behind counters now display them prominently and sell them randomly.
And no one at City Hall seems to realize that much of this activity encourages people to break the law.
Baltimore City Code, Article 19, Section 79: "It is illegal for any person, firm, corporation or employee, agent or servant thereof to sell any contraceptive to any minor under the age of 16 years."
In other words, while we're encouraging sexually active youngsters to buy condoms, anyone doing the actual selling of those condoms is committing a crime.
"They are?" said City Council President Mary Pat Clarke. "I didn't know that."
"They are?" echoed nine other council members when they heard the news, which they missed because the law's only been on the books for the last 40 years.
Well, yes. Anybody found guilty of such a sale shall be fined "not less than $10 nor more than $100 for each offense."
Naturally, there is an explanation.
"Let's face it," says Councilman Nick D'Adamo, "our law books are so thick."
"There's a lot of language in the code that's outdated," adds Councilman Tim Murphy. "It's that way in every city. There's a town in Pennsylvania where the city code says it's illegal to throw a muskrat at a clergyman. I mean, the law is dynamic. It's always changing. We need to consider changing this one."
Notice his language: "consider changing."
In the midst of epidemic teen pregnancy and venereal disease, not everyone at City Hall likes the idea of government having a hand in promoting birth control, and not everyone thinks the old law should be changed.
"I think it's important to save young people's bodies," Council President Clarke says, "but save their souls, too."
"In other words," she is asked, "the city shouldn't promote the use of condoms?"
"See, young people are funny," says Clarke. "When I was a young teen-ager, what my parents said about smoking was, 'If you're gonna smoke, smoke at home, not in public.' So that's what I did. You see the comparison?"
Uh, teen-agers should have sex at home, and not in public?
"Don't say that," Clarke says. "I'm talking about sending the wrong messages. But, yeah, have it at home after you're married."
Unfortunately, the world does not always work so neatly these days. And the city finds itself in something of a legal-ethical conflict, encouraging birth control at the same time it outlaws the sale of contraceptives to minors.
Among City Council members, this provoked varying reaction yesterday.
"You're kidding," said Councilman Bill Cunningham. "The law's archaic. It's gonna have to be changed."
"Unbelievable," said Councilman Jody Landers. "And here we are giving them out in schools. In other words, it's OK to give 'em to teen-agers, but not to sell 'em."
"Teen-agers having sex?" said Councilman Mimi DiPietro. "I'll be durned. When I was their age, we didn't do that, we went out and got a job."
At present, officials are examining much of the City Code to determine which pieces of the law are outdated or unenforceable. It's a laborious process, and apparently nobody has yet turned to Article 19, Section 79.
"We've gotta change it," says Councilman Lawrence Bell. "We should have done it a long time ago. I still believe we should encourage abstinence, but the reality is that a lot of kids are sexually active and they need to be protected.
"There are schools in my district where 60 percent of the kids come from households where there's never been a father there. And I know some of the ministers are upset about government promoting birth control, but this problem has just mushroomed to such an extent."
Here we get to the nub of the matter, the conflict of what some see as practicality and others see as immorality.
"The way I was raised," says Councilman D'Adamo, "birth control information came from the parents. I don't think teachers should be giving out information on condoms, but we know we've got all these sexually active kids.
"I don't know, maybe we should send a 14-year-old kid into drugstores and see if he has any trouble buying condoms. I don't think they ask for I.D. Kids start young today. What, 12 years old? It's not like my day."
Councilman D'Adamo is 32.
The city's teen-age pregnancy rate is among the highest in the nation. The rate of venereal disease is alarming. Encouraging the sexually active young to protect themselves makes sense.
It would be nice to have the law of Baltimore reflect that simple notion. | <urn:uuid:70daad20-8e66-49c5-9138-e3dedaea0d6a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1990-10-25/news/1990298101_1_condoms-city-code-venereal-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971562 | 1,145 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Art lovers, put away your wallets: In a surprise statement today, the Met said that it’s never tried to paint over rules requiring it to let anyone in for free.
Lots of art connoisseurs know that the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s $25 admission charge is just a suggestion, and that you can get in by paying what you want, or nothing at all.
But a lawsuit filed in state Supreme Court last November says the Met hides that policy from visitors.
And two weeks ago, a former supervisor at the museum told The Post that he’d arranged for security officers to remove people who demanded entry without paying.
The Met’s director, Thomas Campbell, today responded to the controversy with a statement on the museum’s Web site:
“The recommended admission policy is clearly posted at all entry points … Should a visitor ask a cashier about the admission policy, the message is always equally clear: the amount is voluntary; please pay what you wish.”
In the statement, Campbell said that since the 1970s, the Met has had city permission to seek a “recommended” admission fee — and added that it costs the museum more than $40 to accommodate each visitor, no matter what they pay.
Lawyer Michael Hiller, who is fighting to make the museum emphasize the free admission policy, says the museum’s practice of seeking $25 from visitors is “unlawful and deceptive.”
The museum building is owned by the city, and sits on city property in Central Park. City and state law requires the museum to admit visitors for free, Hiller says.
“The Museum baldly asserts that ‘no current state legislation requires the Museum to be free to the public,’” Hiller said.
“Well, we have identified the statute and it clearly and unmistakably requires free admission,” he says.
He notes that Campbell has never produced any proof that city, which owns the museum building and the Central Park land on which it sits, approves of asking visitors for admission fees.
Museum spokesman Harold Holzer said the Met will respond to Hiller’s specific allegations in court.
“More than two dozen institutions in this city operate under the same terms — ‘pay what you wish’ – under the same agreements with New York City,” Holzer said. | <urn:uuid:332a25cc-0483-4bf8-86c9-dd526d1401ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nypost.com/2013/04/04/fee-what-fee-the-met-denies-hiding-free-entry-option-from-visitors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947032 | 501 | 1.882813 | 2 |
The Scoop: it’s not always simple for members of the LGBTQI+ society become themselves, especially when discriminatory guidelines and attitudes will still be prevalent in a lot of countries. TAIMI is an app that combines areas of social media and matchmaking systems to aid foster associations those types of members of the global LGBTQI+ community. People can look at articles and videos off their people in order to find similar buddies or enchanting lovers.
Alex Pasykov thinks that people in the LGBTQI+ neighborhood around the world needs to have the opportunity to express themselves easily. That belief drove him to improve the TAIMI software, which combines components of social media and dating platforms.
“Alex planned to develop a platform in which LGBTQI+ individuals had a place to voice their unique view without any fear of harassment or bullying. TAIMI stands for that liberty of appearance, equivalence, and diversity,” mentioned Helen Virt, Head of Business developing .
Individuals face discriminatory laws aimed towards their own intimate orientation or gender phrase in more than 70 nations. In some of the most repressive countries, people suspected of being LGBTQI+ can be imprisoned or worse.
“the business’s purpose should contribute whenever possible to impact LGBTQI+ people worldwide. TAIMI is actually focusing on partnerships with organizations in locations in which becoming your self remains unlawful,” Helen stated.
That objective can important to the TAIMI personnel as they are users and partners on the LGBTQI+ area. Associates stay worldwide and communicate with TAIMI users in several languages.
“TAIMI made a great progress method from its humble origins. We have now become a truly international company with staff involved in every corner with the earth,” Helen mentioned.
The aim to build a global community is what sets TAIMI apart from different LGBTQI+ internet dating and social networking programs. As opposed to merely giving customers a means to hook up for temporary flings, the application emphasizes togetherness by hooking up individuals as pals, allies, and lovers.
People will find Both pals and Dates
TAIMI provides more than 7 million customers and counting, and even though 85percent of the determine as LGBTQI+, 14per cent are allies. Those allies usually make use of the program to have interaction with others or program their unique help for society.
The app â on apple’s ios and Android os â has actually a presence in 45 countries, additionally the company provides intentions to carry on expanding. The application will come in a lot of languages, such as English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish, among others.
“For now, almost all of all of our customers come into the usa, Canada, therefore the U.K., but lately we have seen tremendous development in French-speaking and Spanish-speaking nations,” Helen stated.
When customers install TAIMI to obtain pals or dates, they can use it while they would other online dating programs. They could research men and women by their attributes, swipe on the customers which desire them, and talk to those they consider appropriate.
Various other useful attributes include video telephone call suits and a purpose that lets users find other individuals near them with located their unique profile appealing.
“movie calls became very useful during the pandemic,” Helen stated.
Users in addition appreciate TAIMI place, which lets all of them find associates or pals specifically areas worldwide, not merely inside their existing place. And customers can deliver additional people a TAIMI Rainbow Like, which cuts through pleasantries and claims: “I really, like you.”
TAIMI also offers a paid registration that provides better made features as opposed to those for sale in the cost-free adaptation. TAIMI XL customers can like a lot more members, see every user who visits their web page, and enhance their profile so it’s more straightforward to discover, among other special features.
Users develop Their particular using the internet Influence
The most significant difference in TAIMI as well as other matchmaking programs is users can easily see much more about possible fits before generally making get in touch with. Capable discuss photos and videos, compose their thoughts, and communicate with other individuals through their own TAIMI pages. Next, they’re able to look-through that content to find out if they relate solely to what other people blog post.
Since a major international pandemic has actually caused men and women to turn to social networks as part of your before, it’s probably not surprising your social media popular features of TAIMI are raising in appeal.
“Because start of Covid-19 pandemic, the social networking facet of TAIMI features nearly doubled, using more than 25% of new people signing up for groups, creating articles, and discussing tales,” Helen stated.
Probably one of the most preferred social network features regarding the software is actually teams. Users can produce groups that other people can then follow. As an instance, they could follow the negative men Club or Great spots class.
Users also appreciate the headlines digest that enables them to share news tales employing fans. That is just about the most successful means people can link, as others can review, like, and show whatever’ve authored.
Even though many customers enjoy the social media marketing aspects of their particular profiles in order to find friends and dates, other people join the program in order to become influencers. Such as, certainly one of TAIMI’s tools alerts consumers whenever a post is gaining grip throughout the system to appreciate the aspects that managed to get well-known.
“Not too long ago, TAIMI established #Taimiinfluencer for our consumers to be a lot more active in the social lifetime of the working platform; it has been getting most positive comments so far,” Helen stated.
One TAIMI influencer named Jerry said: “TAIMI is such an enjoyable, easy software to use once I like to connect with the individuals during my society. The TAIMI software provides a pleasing experience in relation to satisfying brand-new pals.”
Another influencer known as Michael included: “TAIMI allows us to personalize my profile in a fashion that helps make me feel great represented and confident whenever conversing with new people. You can even add your Zodiac signal!”
TAIMI: Fostering a major international Network of LGBTQI+ Allies
TAIMI aims to hook up people in the LGBTQI+ community across the world. And even though it’s fostered a number of friendships, lots of consumers also have found lasting love.
Lauren, from San Antonio, Texas, shared her story of fulfilling her sweetheart regarding platform:
“I found my personal companion, Fey, 30, through TAIMI. I like that it’snot just a typical relationship app, it’s a lot more of a âcommunity app.’ Fey was another or third profile i stumbled upon. I imagined she was beautiful, so I messaged the lady,” Lauren wrote in a testimonial. “Within 10 minutes she’d messaged me, and we’ve been in touch from the time. We revealed subsequently that we’d installed TAIMI on a single time, within several hours of every additional. I am so happy for TAIMI, indeed, Fey and that I go for about to maneuver in together!”
Since it established in 2017, TAIMI has actually enhanced the functions and interface, however it doesn’t plan to stop innovating.
And improving the efficiency and safety, the company desires mate with more businesses fighting for equality for LGBTQI+ men and women.
“It means that we are doing our component to make the world a better place. Men and women are personal animals, and giving everyone of us method for link, talk, and create interactions is great,” Helen stated. | <urn:uuid:429f167d-a1be-4a03-9f4f-3521b2aa35a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://electroroos.nl/the-taimi-application-includes-dating-with-social-networking-to-aid-members-of-the-lgbtqi-community-connect-internationally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.952036 | 1,665 | 1.640625 | 2 |
"Born to be breastfed."
"It's your right."
The message from recent public education campaigns is as clear as the cries of a hungry baby. A mother has the right to breastfeed wherever and whenever she chooses.
The Ontario Human Rights Commission said it eight years ago. Health Canada has spread the word for years. And so has the City of Toronto. But somehow, even in major family-oriented community organizations, not everyone hears.
A Pickering mother of three says she filed a complaint with the human rights commission on Monday after a lifeguard at the Scarborough YMCA asked her to move from the pool deck where she was breastfeeding her baby.
Carolynn Prior, a midwife, said the incident occurred on Sept. 1 when she was nursing her 5-month-old son while watching her older children, ages 7 and 9, take swimming lessons. According to Prior, a lifeguard approached her, suggested she would be more comfortable in the childcare facility and said "this is a family place and it might offend someone."
"I was shocked," Prior said. "It felt like a blow. I walked around for the rest of the day in a daze. I felt really singled out and embarrassed."
She refused to leave on the grounds she had a right to breastfeed there but says a prolonged exchange in front of other parents made her feel "that breastfeeding my son was obscene and breastfeeding should only occur away from public areas."
Steven Heipel, vice-president of communications of the YMCA of Greater Toronto, acknowledged yesterday the incident occurred and called it "an error in judgment" by the lifeguard and the supervisor she consulted.
"We are a breastfeeding-friendly and a family-friendly organization. That is not our practice. We are taking this very seriously."
Heipel said an email was sent out to all staff on Monday reminding them that no one should interfere with any woman nursing her child on YMCA premises. He said employees were told that if a member complains about someone breastfeeding, the onus is on staff to address that person's discomfort, and not the nursing mother's actions.
Prior said she wants a public written apology from the YMCA and an assurance that this won't happen to anyone else. She also wants the organization to agree to mandatory education and training for staff so they understand the rights of breastfeeding mothers.
The incident comes eight years after the case of a Newmarket woman, ordered by a restaurant employee to go to the washroom to nurse or leave, went to the human rights commission and won an apology and financial compensation.
As a result of that settlement, the commission launched a public awareness campaign with several other partners, including Toronto Public Health, aimed at stopping discrimination against nursing mothers and babies.
"Under the Ontario Human Rights Code, refusing or denying a service to a pregnant or nursing mother constitutes discrimination because of sex and being in a parent-child relationship," said a news release in 2000. That includes nursing in restaurants, shopping malls and stores, schools, parks and other recreational facilities.
Jeff Poirier, communications manager for the commission, couldn't confirm that Prior's complaint had been filed or comment on the specifics of the case. But he said it's an issue that routinely comes up and the commission's policy is clear. | <urn:uuid:736f04eb-071f-467a-893a-9d7a580bec65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2007/09/19/nursing_mom_told_to_leave_public_pool.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.976547 | 683 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The history of Costco
“We are a membership warehouse club, dedicated to bringing our members the best possible prices on quality brand-name merchandise.” Costco Wholesale Corporation is one of biggest wholesale corporations in the United States and several other countries. The story of Costco’s rise from a single Seattle store in 1983 to a multinational chain of enormously profitable warehouses is a tale of perfect leadership in a rapidly-changing retail world. The company’s first location was in 1976 under the name Price Club which was established by Sol Price. Jim Sinegal launched a competing company with an idea of a wholesale business, Costco. The two businesses eventually merged in 1993, and Sinegal went on to educate Sol Price on the art of getting the right product in the right place for the right price. When Costco and Price Club merged in 1993, the operation under the name “PriceCostco” had 206 locations generating $16 billion in annual sales. Since resuming the Costco name in 1997, the company has grown to more than 500 locations worldwide. After opening the first Costco warehouse located in Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Costco became the first company ever to grow from zero to $3 billion in sales in less than six years. Costco’s strategy
There are several factors for Costco to increase its growth under the strategy of the right products in the right place for the right price. The first being the right products, operating with malls becomes an important part of its growth. Costco chairman Jeffrey Brotman forecasts that malls will play a vital role for the company in cities such as Los Angeles. For example, when Costco opened a store at Spotsylvania Mall in Fredericksburg, Virginia, the mall reported double-digit sales gains for a year. Costco placed its wholesale warehouse within a mall setting with other retailers. While shoppers ventured to shop in the mall, they also were able to take advantage of Costco’s unique prices and brands. The second factor is about the right cost and quality of the products. Its operating philosophy is to keep costs down and pass the savings on to its members. A large membership base and tremendous buying power, combine with its never-ending quest for efficiency, result in the best possible prices for its members (Costco). The last factor is the internal environment. Costco pays high wages and compensation to its employees. Richard Galanti, Costco’s executive vice president and chief financial officer, believes the pro-work wages policy makes good business sense: “It’s important to pay people a fair living wage. If you do, and it is better than everybody else, you are going to get better people and they are going to stick around longer.”
THREE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Despite all of the good attributes contained by Costco in my view its operating system causes the three critical problems based on the business environment in the company, diversity, and globalization. In this paper I will provide an analysis of circumstances that could upset its systems of management. Problem 1: weakness of HRM
In an organization, the Human Resources Management (HRM) function generally includes a variety of activities, the key function being deciding what are the staffing needs and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring staff are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring that personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. The main principle is to meet and attempt to match the needs, interests, and values of an organization and applicant. Unlike this general HRM function, Costco’s idea of hiring new employees is typically not performed by a human resource staff. For example, when a new store opens in a new location, regional and local managers put a tent onsite to take... | <urn:uuid:5771cb2e-d38c-4523-842c-8fa2ce1cd003> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Costco-Analysis-580787.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960161 | 777 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Healthcare Quarterly, 15(1) February 2012: 19-21.doi:10.12927/hcq.2012.22772
CHSRF Knowledge Transfer
Re-imagining Healthcare: The Northwest Territories Transitions to an Integrated Chronic Disease Management Strategy
With the goal to improve healthcare services and delivery, Stanton Territorial Hospital in the Northwest Territories (NWT) invited the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation (CHSRF) to explore opportunities to collaborate in the redesign and improvement of the health system. This article describes the NWT's efforts to transform its healthcare delivery to more appropriately care for people living with chronic diseases. It also sets the context for the initial meeting between the NWT and CHSRF and the collaborative journey that continues, with the bringing together of 40 health system managers, policy makers and clinicians, along with CHSRF staff and guest faculty, with a shared vision to redesign care to better meet the needs of people living with chronic diseases in the territory.
In the NWT, chronic diseases account for approximately 70% of all deaths and half of all hospital admission days (Northwest Territories Department of Health and Social Services [DHSS] 2011b). As elsewhere, it is understood that healthcare services are not currently meeting population needs. Canadian health systems rank poorly in international comparisons that focus on the delivery of primary care, especially to those with multiple chronic conditions (Schoen et al. 2009). It is also well recognized in Canada that few healthcare systems are patient centred. In a recently commissioned CHSRF synthesis on transformation, professors Ross Baker and Jean-Louis Denis (2011) remarked, "Healthcare systems tend to reproduce their dominant logic and consequently neglect other areas where major care deficits persist." In another CHSRF-commissioned synthesis on transformation, Professor Denis and colleagues (2011) noted that "a clear vision and a coherent set of strategies are required to transform the system and achieve better alignment between the care offered and the care the population needs today." Such is the challenge for the NWT.
In its recently released 2011–2016 strategic plan, DHSS (2011a) set a priority to "improve the health status of the population" through the development of a culturally appropriate chronic disease management model that tracks system quality outcome measures. With a senior leadership dedicated to improving the health status of its population as a key strategic priority and highly engaged throughout the change management process, the NWT is well positioned to improve healthcare services and delivery through transformation. CHSRF, in partnership with NWT leadership, intends to support the territory through its longer-term vision, to strategically reorient the health system for the benefit of all those living in the territory. We also hope that the lessons we learn here hold value for learning elsewhere.
Unique Challenges to Delivering Health Services in the NWT
Informed by key territory health leaders, an informal needs assessment carried out by CHSRF in June 2010 revealed unique challenges faced by those who develop health policy and deliver health services in the NWT. Eight regional health authorities together with DHSS deliver health services to a diverse population of 45,000 northerners with a number of unique health needs across a sizeable geographical area that includes 33 communities, most with no road access. Staff turnover is extremely high in the NWT, resulting in an above-average number of short-term healthcare providers – often from southern provinces. All of this poses a significant challenge to building and sustaining the capacity to deliver consistent and quality care across the NWT.
At the time of the needs assessment, the auditor general of Canada had conducted an audit of DHSS's ability to manage the provision of health services, identify priorities and set directions for the health system, as well as its capacity to monitor, assess and report on results. The auditor general (2011) found that although DHSS has identified a number of areas for health system improvement, performance indicators to monitor progress were not yet in place. DHSS wholly agreed with the auditor general's findings and recommendations and has since used the report as a leverage point to spur health system improvement initiatives.
Chronic disease is prevalent across the NWT, with approximately 200 new cases of diabetes diagnosed each year. Where mental health is concerned, 64% of the population rate their mental health as excellent or very good, compared with 73% of other Canadians. Seniors aged 60 years and older are the fastest-growing segment of the NWT population, with this age group expected to increase from 9% in 2008 to 13% by 2017. Given that the incidence of chronic disease increases with age, DHSS is expecting a significant impact on the demand, use and cost of health services. All of these add strain to an already-stretched healthcare system that consumes more than 25% of the territorial government budget – $326 million in 2010–2011 (DHSS 2011b).
The needs assessment and auditor general's report were critical in informing and laying the foundation for a supportive partnership between CHSRF and DHSS for health system improvement and redesign.
Collaboration for Innovation and Improvement
Encouraged by the preliminary discussions with NWT health leadership, CHSRF staff and guest faculty set out to develop a tailored process to support the development of a territorial integrated chronic disease management strategy. By reflecting upon the lessons learned about organizational improvement from the Executive Training for Research Application (EXTRA) program and by consulting experts in change management, CHSRF identified a number of criteria that, if in place, would help to ensure the feasibility and success of the improvement effort. Ideally the strategy should
- be a priority for the organization/system,
- reflect a system-level issue,
- be innovative and identify effective and sustainable strategies,
- be actionable, practical and effective,
- include channels for the spread or systematic uptake across systems,
- provide opportunities to scale up improvements,
- build capacity for sustained health system improvement,
- impact on/be of importance to multiple stakeholders and
- use evidence, best practice and local expertise.
Fulfilling all of these criteria, CHSRF and DHSS formally agreed to partner toward the development of a territorial integrated chronic disease management strategy in the fall of 2010. Over the past year, CHSRF developed and delivered a series of four workshops designed to guide interdisciplinary cross-regional teams of health system managers, policy makers and healthcare providers in the co-design of health system improvement plans focused on key areas of chronic disease, while also prioritizing a systems perspective (e.g., an approach that allowed for small-scale improvements that could be scaled up as the collaboration progressed). DHSS staff felt it was most critical to prioritize mental health, diabetes and renal disease – all high-burden disease areas – and that these specific chronic conditions could serve as tracers. This tracer approach allowed teams to pinpoint cross-cutting themes, issues and solutions that will ultimately be used to scale-up the improvements to meet the needs for the wider population.
CHSRF designed workshops that aimed to build capacity for participants to describe and understand health system problems, identify solutions and articulate reasoned improvement plans based on shared experience, regional evidence and data, and grounded within national and international best practices. The deputy minister also saw this as an opportunity to challenge participants to "re-imagine" – to think outside the constraints of the existing system and re-imagine a system that would best meet the needs of northerners.
The evaluative approach that CHSRF brought to the NWT collaboration focuses, in our initial work together, on measuring key performance outcomes of the workshop participants (e.g., to what extent is CHSRF helping NWT health system leaders gain the skills in evidence use to address their healthcare challenges?). Early results demonstrate that participants valued the evidence-informed approach provided, with 89% recommending this process to other organizations. Participants appreciated the opportunity to partake in an interdisciplinary, team-based setting that brought together a unique mixture of chronic disease management professionals and researchers, with CHSRF staff as brokers. This method helped to break down silos within the department and across the NWT, to foster multiple perspectives and to identify common problems and gaps across the health system. As a result, participants grew to think of chronic disease management as a system issue, rather than being disease specific. For example, one participant stated, "A key indicator of success for all of us is that now we think much more in terms of the system and how we're interconnected and how some of the work that goes on here needs to be integrated in the work that we do as individuals. We have really evolved to think of the system as a whole, rather than as individuals."
Workshop participants described their enhanced capacity in using evidence as the major enabling factor for the successful implementation of their pilot projects. This stemmed from the belief that participants had become champions for change who would continue to foster greater engagement and facilitate the uptake of the proposed initiatives. In the continued collaborative work, the evaluative plan will focus more specifically on the health, healthcare and economic impacts of the change that were informed through the workshops. Consideration for how the lessons learned (evidence and ideas) may be spread within the region and, where appropriate, across Canada is also a priority.
NWT Improvement Plan Highlights
CHSRF and DHSS will continue to collaborate through the implementation and evaluation of four improvement pilots that will inform the development of a territorial integrated chronic disease management strategy:
- Mental health
- Develop standardized processes for sharing client information between providers
- Establish standardized minimum competencies and service levels for mental health programs and providers
- Integrate a self-management approach as a component for programs and services
- Renal disease
- Establish a process for a consistent single entry point to the renal care system
- Develop a territorial database to determine baseline data
- Develop an algorithm for primary care decision support of early-stage renal disease detection and management
- System level
- Develop an integrated chronic disease prevention and management framework as the foundation to create chronic care program standards
The development of the pilots represents a key and measurable milestone toward the DHSS's priority to "improve the health status of the population." The pilots are also a critical step in the journey toward a territory-wide integrated chronic disease management strategy. The lessons learned will provide essential insight and evaluative evidence to support the further spread and scaling up of the NWT chronic disease management strategy.
CHSRF will continue to provide strategic advice and guidance throughout the implementation phase, providing ongoing change management coaching and developing and delivering two learning workshops designed to guide the improvement teams in the development of stakeholder engagement strategies and evaluation indicators. These essential components will add to the well-developed improvement plans and support timely reporting to address the DHSS strategic plan priorities and auditor general's recommendations.
Re-imagining Healthcare Requires Committed Leadership and Collaboration
Regardless of whether an innovation comes from the front line or emerges as a broad-scale improvement effort, high-performing systems share common characteristics. Recognizing organizations as the source site of innovation, Baker and Denis (2011) identify 10 themes underpinning the creation and sustainability of high-performing systems, beginning with engaged strategic leadership that prioritizes the development of lasting local capacity and the skill to support improvement, a team-based approach and the engagement of patients in the design and seamless integration of care.
CHSRF is an independent organization dedicated to accelerating healthcare improvement and transformation for Canadians. We collaborate with governments, policy makers and health system leaders to convert evidence and innovative practices into actionable policies, programs, tools and leadership development. Through our Collaboration for Innovation and Improvement program, we respond to regional, provincial and territorial health priorities and aim to develop and mobilize local capacity to assess, design, implement, evaluate and spread innovation. For more information about our work, please visit www.chsrf.ca.
Auditor General of Canada. 2011. Report of the Auditor General of Canada to the Northwest Territories Legislative Assembly – March 2011. Ottawa, ON: Office of the Auditor General of Canada.
Baker, G.R. and J.L. Denis. 2011. A Comparative Study of Three Transformative Healthcare Systems: Lessons for Canada. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Retrieved December 15, 2011. <http://www.chsrf.ca/Libraries/Commissioned_Research_Reports/Baker-Denis-EN.sflb.ashx>.
Denis, J.L., H.T.O. Davies, E. Ferlie and L. Fitzgerald. 2011. Assessing Initiatives to Transform Healthcare Systems: Lessons for the Canadian Healthcare System. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Retrieved December 15, 2011. <http://www.chsrf.ca/PublicationsAndResources/ResearchReports/CommissionedResearch/11-07-21/c70d5dc2-98b6-43cb-b735-e03144d0cf7a.aspx>.
Northwest Territories Health and Social Services. 2011a. Building on Our Foundation 2011–2016: A Strategic Plan for the NWT Health and Social Services System. Yellowknife, NT: Government of Northwest Territories. Retrieved December 15, 2011. <http://www.hlthss.gov.nt.ca/pdf/reports/health_care_system/2011/english/building_on_our_foundation.pdf>.
Northwest Territories Health and Social Services. 2011b. Northwest Territories Health Status Report. Yellowknife, NT: Government of Northwest Territories. Retrieved December 15, 2011.<http://www.hlthss.gov.nt.ca/pdf/reports/health_care_system/2011/english/nwt_health_status_report.pdf>.
Schoen, C., R. Osborn, M.M. Doty, D. Squires, J. Peugh and S. Applebaum. 2009. "A Survey of Primary Care Physicians in 11 Countries, 2009: Perspectives on Care, Costs, and Experiences." Health Affairs 28(6):w1171–83. Epub 2009 Nov 2. Retrieved December 15, 2011. <http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/In-the-Literature/2009/Nov/A-Survey-of-Primary-Care-Physicians.aspx>.
Be the first to comment on this!Please Sign In or Create an Account to add comments | <urn:uuid:7a9b3ada-5a03-45d5-9fef-417647e84596> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.longwoods.com/content/22772 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00132-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928692 | 2,958 | 2 | 2 |
Despite the below normal temperatures here in Minnesota during the month of April, that have also crept into the beginning of May... this week there is a change in the air, and along with it are signs that spring has returned. A Dwarf Korean Lilac that is just beginning to bud out and Autumn Joy Sedum shoots poking through the soil.
A hardy perennial herb, that has been dutifully displaying its early spring green and purple splendor for years in my zone 3 garden, is lovage. It grows six feet tall and spans three feet, so it's an excellent background plant behind shorter perennials. It self-seeds, so the plants can (and should) be divided to replant in a new plot so they don't become overcrowded. Rabbits don't nibble it and it's almost completely resistant to insects.
Every part of the plant is edible. The leaves and stem can be used in cooking like one would use celery. The large, aromatic roots can be peeled and eaten as a vegetable. The seeds can be harvested from the seed stalk that forms in early summer and used like celery seed. I have found the plant's flavor, which is a combination of anise and celery, to be quite over-powering... a little goes a long way. How about this little bit of fun? Remove the leaves and the hollow stem can be used as a drinking straw for summer beverages. The straw's flavor has a bit of a "bite", however, when used fresh. I prefer to use the stem for a straw after the plant has dried in the fall. | <urn:uuid:39511085-ae21-43e8-b73a-6660d5ce9ada> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.whiteleycreek.com/queen_of_the_meadow_bloom/2011/05/lilacs-lime-green-sedum-lovage.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971468 | 327 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Accident: Southwest B737 at Burbank on Feb 13th 2010, TCAS resolution
By Simon Hradecky, created Tuesday, Feb 16th 2010 18:43Z, last updated Wednesday, Feb 17th 2010 08:05Z
A Southwest Airlines Boeing 737-700, registration N221WN performing flight WN-2534 from Las Vegas,NV to Burbank,CA (USA) with 80 passengers and 5 crew, was on approach to Burbank's runway 08 descending from 8000 to 6000 feet, when the flight crew responded to a Traffic and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Resolution Advisory (RA). At the same time ATC advised of a traffic at 5900 feet which should be no factor. The crew visually picked the traffic up a few moments later reporting they had already responded to a RA and continued for a safe landing on runway 08.
The FAA reported in their preliminaries, that as a result of the avoidance maneuver two flight crew members (editorial note: supposedly they meant to say cabin crew members) received injuries. One received serious, the other minor injuries.
FAA spokesman Ian Gregor said, that the Southwest Airlines flight crew responded to a TCAS RA with a small private aircraft at 6000 feet about 20nm from Burbank requiring the Southwest Airlines to increase their descent, the minimum lateral distance between the aircraft on diverging trajectories was roughly 2nm. Subsequently the airplane climbed back to 6000 feet. A flight attendant fractured her shoulder, another flight attendant received bruises.
Southwest Airlines reported, that both flight attendants were taken to a local hospital and could already be released after treatment.
The NTSB have initiated an investigation into the accident. | <urn:uuid:abfefc4d-ae53-40e8-9130-c650c89d26ef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.liveatc.net/forums/atcaviation-audio-clips/southwest-tcas-avoidance-maneuver-injures-2-cabin-members-on-approach-to-kbur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00430-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946323 | 347 | 1.921875 | 2 |
16 November 2013 AD
Guest brewer: Patrick McKane, aka Grasshopper. I took advantage of Grasshopper’s extra hands to brew my first double mash scotch ale in many years. Whole operation went smoothly. Beer name inspired by the game of Dwarven Miner we played during the boil.
O.G. Wee Heavy: 1.100, Grasshopper: 1.062 (a wee bit high for a twopenny, more like a 90 shilling. But, that is inflation for you).
Grain Bill (same for both mashes):
- 11 pounds Marris Otter
- 4 oz 90L crystal
- 2 oz roasted barley
- 2 oz peated malt (ahhh… the peat)
Hop Bill (wee heavy)-
- 4.9 AAUs American Fuggle
- 2.8 AAUs Willamette (1/2 oz at 5.7 % alpha)
Hop Bill (Grasshopper)-
- Spent Fuggle from first boil
- 2.8 AAUs Willamette (1/2 oz at 5.7 % alpha)
- White labs Edinburgh Ale
Starter made with 1/2 c light extract to about 20oz of water. The Scotch ale book (Noonan Classic Beer Styles 8) says that a high pitching rate is essential to the character of scotch ale. A scotch ale is fermented at lower temps than English ales in order to avoid ester production, but this requires a higher pitching rate so that yeast reproduction need not be as great.
First mash done at 08:30 before Pat’s arrival. I mashed in with 3.5 gallons of water, a bit over the suggested 13 qts. The mash was intentionally stiff in order to protect the enzymes in a higher than usual mash temp. Mash temp is higher than for English ales so that beta amylase activity is minimal.
- Strike temp 170. I had kept the grains indoors overnight so that they would not be too cold entering the pot. But this made me over shoot the target 158F by a few degrees.
- Mash in at 162F. Let it rest outdoors for a few minutes until it dropped to 160F, then brought inside and covered with sleeping bag.
- At 1 hr, temp good at 156F
- At 1 hr, temp had for some reason dropped to 150F, so I raised it back to 158F and held another 30 min
- 5 gal H2O at 180F. Book suggests going a little higher than usual, due to the need for efficient sparging to extract all the sugars. I think the temp drops quickly enough that leeching tannins is not a problem.
Ran off the first 4 gallons into a vessel for the wee heavy. 3 more gallons ran off into a new pot, and this was the mash liquor for the second mash.
Mash in with 3 gallons of liquor from first sparge. Added another half gallon of H2O. I think the consistency of the mashes was about perfect.
- Strike temp 170.
- Mash in at 162F. Let it rest outdoors for a few minutes until it dropped to 160F.
- At 1.5 hr, temp right at 158F
- 2 hr rest total
- 5 gal H2O at 180F.
Ran the first 3 gal for the wee heavy. The rest went for two penny. Ended up a little short on volume for the twopenny. And the gravity before boil was already at 1.040, which is the target finishing gravity. I think another gallon of sparge water next time for the second mash. For the first mash, it probably doesnt matter, since we don’t want to end up with more water than can be used for the second mash anyway.
Boil Primus (wee heavy)-
S.g. was 1.070 at start of boil. Boiled for half an hour to 1.080.
Hops added at 30min: 1 oz Fuggle 4.9%, 0.5 oz Willamette 5.7%. My thought here was that I would save half the Willamette for the second boil. That would put both very close to the target 8 AAUs, while allowing some fresh hop in the twopenny instead of all spent hops.
Boiled hops for 1 hr. Total boil 1.5 hrs.
We needed the spent hops from the first boil to add to the second, so we transferred the boiled wort into a cold pot, and let it cool while the second wort came to a boil.
Boil Secundus (Grasshopper)-
Initial gravity 1.040, which is the target finishing gravity. And we were short on volume. But, it needed to boil with the hops, especially since we were using the spent hops from the first boil in it. So, right at rolling boil, 2.8 AAUs Willamette added. Then we strained the first wort into a carboy to collect the spent hops, and they were added to the boil about 10 minutes later. Total boil time 1.5 hrs.
Pitched yeast starter just before midnight.
At 8 hrs, Grasshopper ale fermenting steadily, though not foaming overly vigorously. Wee heavy is flat but the blowoff tube bubbles occasionally. This is good for a scotch ale. The book says there should be little appearance of motion in the first 12 hrs. The Grasshopper probably started bit quicker since it was still warm when I pitched the yeast (and Grasshoppers tend to be anxious). The wee heavy had cooled by that point. Fermentation is being conducted in my spare bathroom at a temp of about 50F.
At about 12 hrs, wee heavy started pumping right on schedule. | <urn:uuid:191739ec-4f6f-4eae-bc49-9d1e27190c39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stlbeerbook.wordpress.com/2013/11/18/dwarf-fuel-wee-heavy-and-grasshopper-ale/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.950789 | 1,240 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Some Rights of the Prophet PBUH – 2
we continue with the mentioning of the rights of the prophet pbuh upon his followers:
5. spreading his message
loyalty to the messenger of allah pbuh includes spreading his invitation to islam throughout every part of the earth, because he pbuh said,
"convey from me, even if only one verse." pbuhal-bukhari)
he also said,
"that should allah guide through you a single man is better for you than possessing red camels.” (al-bukhari and muslim)
and he pbuh stated,
"through you [muslims] i will have more numerous followers than [other] nations on the day of resurrection." (ahmad)
among the ways his nation will increase is through da`wah, or invitation to allah, which brings people into islam. allah the almighty stated that invitation to him has always been the occupation of the prophets and their followers. he ordered:
say, "this is my way; i invite to allah with insight, i and those who follow me." (12:108)
the muslim ummah must fulfill the duty for which allah the almighty raised it, which is da`wah and delivery of the message, enjoining right and forbidding wrong. as almighty allah has said:
“you are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. you enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in allah.” (3:110)
6. revering him in life and death
this is among the rights which many people have neglected. in the qur'an, allah said:
“indeed, we have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner, that you [people] may believe in allah and his messenger and honour him and respect him [i.e., the prophet] and exalt him [i.e., allah] morning and afternoon.” (48:8-9)
ibn sa`di explained: "to honour and respect the messenger r means to revere him, hold him in esteem and fulfill his rights because of the great debt of gratitude you owe him."
the prophet's companions used to honour him, respect him and hold him in great esteem, so much that when he r spoke they would listen to him attentively, as if birds were perched on their heads. after allah had revealed:
“o you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not “ (49:2),
abu bakr –may allah be pleased with him- said, "by allah, i will not speak to you after this except [softly] with facial expression."
as for respecting him after his death, it is by following his sunnah, by deference to his order, by acceptance of his rulings, by courtesy toward his sayings and by not preferring any opinion or school of thought over his teachings. imam ash-shafi`i said, "all muslim scholars agree that whoever has understood the sunnah of allah's messenger pbuh is not permitted to abandon it for the opinion of another."
7. invoking allah's blessings upon him whenever he is mentioned
allah the almighty has ordered believers to invoke blessings on him, saying:
“indeed, allah confers blessing upon the prophet, and his angels [ask him to do so]. o you who have believed, ask [allah to confer] blessing upon him and ask [allah to grant him] peace.” (33:56)
and the prophet pbuh said,
"may the nose be rubbed in dirt of a man who, when i am mentioned before him, does not invoke blessings upon me." (muslim)
and he pbuh said,
"the closest of people to me on the day of resurrection will be the ones who invoked blessings on me the most." (at-tirmidhi – graded as hasan by al-albani)
and, "the stingy one is he before whom i am mentioned and does not invoke blessings on me." (ahmad and at-tirmithi – graded as saheeh by al-albani)
it is indeed discourtesy for a muslim to hear the mention of allah's messenger pbuh and then be too miserly to invoke blessings on him. imam ibn al-qayyim mentioned many of the benefits of invoking blessings on the prophet in his book entitled “jalaa' al-afhaam fis-salaati was-salaami `ala khayr il-anaam”.
8. alliance with his allies and hatred of his enemies
allah the almighty has said:
you will not find a people who believe in allah and the last day having affection for those who oppose allah and his messenger, even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred.” (58:22)
alliance to him also means alliance to his companions and love for them, devotion to them, acknowledgement of their rights, praising them, following their example, asking forgiveness for them, refraining from discussion of their disagreements and animosity toward their enemies and those who insult or defame them. and it means alliance to the members of his household, support and defense of them, but at the same time, avoiding excessive praise and exaggeration of their attributes.
and alliance to him includes love for the scholars of ahl as-sunnah, support of them and avoidance of disdaining or dishonoring them. and it includes animosity towards their enemies among the disbelievers, the hypocrites and those who advocate innovation and error.
a man from among the latter group once said to ayyub as-sakhtiyani, "may i ask you about a word?" he turned away from him with a sign of his finger meaning, "not even half a word," out of reverence for the prophet's sunnah and enmity toward its enemies.
meaning the best of worldly possessions.
by saying, "sall-allahu alayhi wa sallam", meaning: may allah's blessings and peace be upon him. | <urn:uuid:db26c346-ba67-4c2a-877f-18db13a3ffbb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rasoulallah.net/en/articles/article/10561 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.973075 | 1,386 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Chapters of the organization are always in need of local volunteers, a local director says.
By NANCY TULLIS
VINDICATOR SALEM BUREAU
SALEM -- Although this week's terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C., have once again thrust the national American Red Cross volunteers into the spotlight, thousands of other volunteers continue to work daily to meet local needs, said Ginger Grilli, executive director of the North Columbiana County American Red Cross.
The local Red Cross chapter is one of 21 Columbiana County agencies that receive funding through the Northern Columbiana County United Way. The local United Way campaign for 2001-02 began Tuesday, with a $290,000 goal.
Grilli has been director of the Salem-based Red Cross chapter since 1999 and is a longtime disaster services volunteer. She serves as a disaster training coordinator for the Southwest Pennsylvania ARC based in Pittsburgh, and she left Wednesday to assist in relief efforts at the crash site of United Airlines Flight 93 in Somerset County, Pa.
All 43 people on board were killed. Aviation and law enforcement officials have said the commercial jet was one of four hijacked Tuesday morning by terrorists.
Fielding calls: Grilli and others at the chapter office in Salem on Tuesday and Wednesday spent much of the day answering phones as people called to ask how to volunteer, donate blood or otherwise assist in the national relief effort.
She said that when the Red Cross is engaged in a relief effort of such magnitude, the public often pays less attention to local Red Cross efforts. However, she said, the potential for house fires and other local disasters and the need for blood donations don't diminish.
Local Red Cross chapters need local volunteers for the same services the national organization provides, she said. In addition to volunteers who train to respond in emergencies, others teach first aid, CPR, water safety and many other courses to the public.
Some are trained to assist servicemen and women in contacting their families in emergencies. The Red Cross offers basic courses in several areas, and by taking one or more of those courses, new volunteers can find an area of service best suited to their skills and interests, she said.
Grilli noted that AmeriCorps and Retired Senior Volunteer Program members volunteer at the local chapter.
The North Columbiana County chapter serves Perry, Knox, Butler, Salem, Fairfield, Unity, Hanover, Center, Elkrun, Middleton, Franklin and Wayne townships and the communities within them in Columbiana County, as well as adjacent sections of Mahoning County south of Pine Lake Road.
East Liverpool, St. Clair, Madison, Yellow Creek and Washington townships are served by the East Liverpool Red Cross chapter. West Township is served by the Alliance-Minerva Chapter.
Contact: The North Columbiana County ARC chapter is at 667 North Ellsworth Ave., Salem. Anyone seeking assistance or more information about local Red Cross programs may call (330) 332-0028. The phone is staffed 24 hours a day for emergencies. Information may also be obtained at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:7931fd87-1fe5-4f3e-886b-c42c41892eb3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vindy.com/news/2001/sep/16/columbiana-county-red-cross-dont-forget-local/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00215-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945525 | 635 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Adversity is something that we all have to face. It’s a part of life. The only way that you can get out of the battles of life is to die, so you might as well learn how to deal with them and live a life pleasing to Jesus.
The Bible tells us in John 10:10,
“The thief only comes to steal, kill, and destroy…”
Satan is the thief that this verse is talking about. All that kills, all that steals, and all that destroys is from the devil. It is not from God.
The devil wants to steal the promises of God away from you and frustrate you until you lose your faith. Adversity is designed to get you to quit.
But we don’t have to just take it. Any storm that comes into our lives is a storm that we can face and overcome with God’s power. In fact, if you let Him, God will use the storms the devil brings your way to advance you to new levels in life.
But understand this: There are some storms that we allow into our lives through sin, disobedience, unforgiveness, speaking the wrong words, and fear. When we have any of these things in our lives and trials come our way, we shouldn’t be too surprised, because we left the door open.
Sin gives satan the legal right to enter our lives. Sin gives demons a foothold to bring oppression our way. Jesus told the sick man, in John chapter 5, “Go and sin no more, lest a worse thing come upon you.” How we live our lives is important. Jesus tied the possibility of something bad happening in this man’s future to how he lived his life.
There’s so much teaching in the modern church today about how you can live just any old way and it will be fine with God. Friends, I’m here to tell you that there are consequences for sinning.
So, the first step in dealing with adversity is a little self-examination. That’s something we should do every day. We need to be regularly looking at our lives and disciplining ourselves. We need to constantly be confessing our sins and allowing the blood of Jesus to wash them away so that satan can’t come against us with accusations.
The great thing is that when we confess our sins, the Bible says, “He is faithful to forgive us of our sins and cleanse us from ALL unrighteousness” (I John 1:9). God is so good that He will forgive us and even help us out of the troubles that we have brought upon ourselves.
But not all trials, storms, and adversity are brought on by our own sin. Sometimes, right before some of your greatest victories in life, you’ll face some of your biggest trials.
Because satan can sense when something big is on the horizon for you, so he swoops in with a storm to try to throw you off and get you to give up on your blessings or promotions.
It’s simple. If you’re a threat to satan, he’s going to come against you and try to stop you. But if you never see adversity or opposition in your life maybe you and the enemy are going in the same direction.
If you are living a godly life and following Jesus with all your heart, then adversity should be some type of an alarm clock to let you know that you are really close to getting a blessing or a promotion.
But you’ll never take hold of it, if you quit in the middle of trouble. Don’t quit when it gets hard. The devil is trying to stop your success. This is the time when the character built into you by the Word of God should make you rise up and refuse to be beaten.
“Beloved, think it not strange concerning the fiery trial which is to try you, as though some strange thing happened unto you: But rejoice, inasmuch as ye are partakers of Christ’s sufferings; that, when his glory shall be revealed, ye may be glad also with exceeding joy. If ye be reproached for the name of Christ, happy are ye; for the spirit of glory and of God resteth upon you.” (I Peter 4:12-14)
Adversity is just an opportunity for you to show what you’ve got! Stand up and show that you’re more than a conqueror through Christ Jesus!
When a test comes, take that test and ace it. No Christian is excused from the day of adversity. You will have to face it at some point in life, so study up now and take that test to pass it.
People who faint in the day of adversity will usually face more adversity. When the devil sees that you couldn’t pass his last test, he’ll keep throwing them at you again and again.
The devil doesn’t play nice. He doesn’t show mercy. He doesn’t ease off. He wants to kill, steal and destroy you and he will keep coming at you until you fight back.
The good news is that when you pass the test, you’re ready for promotion!
So here are three simple things you can do to pass the tests of life:
1) Study the Word and speak it. If you have the Word down deep inside you, when you need it, it will come out. You have to study and speak the Word in good times and in times of trials. It is your fire hydrant. Don’t fan the flames with negative words. Speak what God says. Remind yourself of God’s promises, and put out the fiery trials of the enemy.
2) Be glad and rejoice in the midst of adversity. Psalm 31:7 says, “I will be glad and rejoice in Your mercy and steadfast love, because You have seen my affliction, You have taken note of my life’s distresses.” Rejoicing in the Lord will activate your faith and kill the fear that satan uses to fuel adversity against you. With no fuel, the fires will soon burn out.
3) Surround yourself with the right kind of people. Psalm 35:15 tells us, “But in my stumbling and limping they rejoiced and gathered together [against me]; the smiters (slanderers and revilers) gathered against me, and I knew them not; they ceased not to slander and revile me.” Don’t hang around with people who will throw a pity party for you. You need friends who will preach the Word to you in times of trouble and stir you up to press on in faith.
Praise God, you can stir yourself up and face adversity. Tell yourself that you will not be defeated in the day of adversity!
Then you can tell the devil that he might as well go somewhere else, because the only thing that adversity is going to do to you is sharpen you. When you don’t feel like praising God but you do it anyway, you get stronger and sharper. Walk over your enemy and get your victory.
Remember: People are like teabags. When you put them in hot water, they either grow stronger and get more flavor, or they tear and break, messily spilling their contents adrift. | <urn:uuid:afd2329b-2d1e-43c1-8da3-995103cc9e71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kenblountministries.com/from-adversity-to-advancement/?replytocom=89205 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.955935 | 1,557 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Thanks to the efforts of the Pork Checkoff, pork producers now have a tool that will allow them to calculate their carbon footprint.
The “Live Swine Carbon Footprint Calculator” was unveiled today at World Pork Expo by the National Pork Board. Pork producers Randy Spronk of Minnesota (pictured) and Roy Henry of Kansas did the introduction, as well as Rick Ulrich with the University of Arkansas, which actually developed the program.
Randy was one of the first to test the carbon footprint calculator and shared what he learned with the media and later during an educational session with producers. “The impetus for this came from producers,” Randy said. “The original intent was to identify ‘hot spots’ for energy use, areas where they could have the most impact on cost of production.”
Randy says the calculator is very simple to use and clearly shows how inputs, such as feed, energy use, manure and pig performance, are all related to the carbon footprint of a barn. Due to privacy issues and the tremendous size of the computer program, it is only available to producers via disc and cannot be downloaded from the web. Copies are being distributed here at World Pork Expo and can be ordered on-line at pork.org/sustainability.
Listen to or download comments from Roy Henry, Rick Ulrich and Randy Spronk here: Swine Carbon Footprint Calculator | <urn:uuid:a94a32cf-645d-41fb-ac48-6179caa1cbf0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://agwired.com/2011/06/09/pork-producers-can-measure-carbon-footprint/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00095-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963868 | 290 | 2.625 | 3 |
Report: Tokyo to Try Wind Power
Published 7:00 pm, Friday, January 4, 2002
Tokyo plans to build windmills on its waterfront to supplement its energy supply as part of an effort to make the polluted capital more environmentally friendly, a report said Sunday.
The city hopes to complete two windmills on reclaimed land in Tokyo Bay by the end of fiscal 2002, which starts in April, the Nihon Keizai business daily said.
The facilities would generate enough energy to supply about 1,000 households. If the project is a success, more windmills would be planned for 2003, the newspaper said.
City officials were unavailable for comment Sunday.
Tokyo has been trying some novel projects to improve its environmental record.
The city government made it obligatory for all new buildings to cover at least 20 percent of their rooftops with greenery _ part of a plan to blanket city structures with 2,900 acres of gardens over the next 15 years.
Experts say Tokyo's traffic and factory smoke are creating a "heat island effect" that largely accounts for its notoriously hot and humid summers. | <urn:uuid:fd7c4c0c-95df-41ea-88a7-f68eb7cb9968> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/article/Report-Tokyo-to-Try-Wind-Power-7324216.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966197 | 229 | 2.328125 | 2 |
We continue with the theme as we address the use of lava lamps for continuous integration build status notification. We pick on lava lamps though other obscure mechanisms have been used also. These devices gained the somewhat esoteric title of eXtreme Feedback Devices or XFDs. Yes, the industry gave these a three Letter Acronym too. We certainly remember the devices generating a lot of discussion and excitement around 2004 to 2006. It should have stayed there, but it did not. It grew. Oh how it grew.
Basically, a device (a physical visible device) is connected by say a serial connector to the continuous integration server. On your continuous integration server you are running some form of continuous integration software such as cruisecontrol.net or some other software. When you commit your source code into a new build, the build status is updated often in a small database table. The device is programmed, or some software or firmware periodically polls, to enquire on the build status and generate an output as a result. The output in this instance was a switch to trigger lava lamps. The lava lamps used on agile projects came in pairs: red and green. The red lava lamp, when triggered, would indicate that the build has failed while the green lava lamp would indicate success.
We have seen or have heard of other devices such as multi-colour LED scrolling signs with tailored messages that announce success or failure displaying various comments including various levels of humour. You Tube videos of multicoloured glowing, throbbing, spherical orbs exist showing a kaleidoscope of colour when a build is successful along with hand built Pyramids connected via USB interface again glowing green for good and red for bad. You see what happened; the genie has exited the bottle. But as in all good tales, it gets worse.
An XFD we can barely believe ever saw the light of day were a pair of combined humidifiers. These humidifiers, allegedly, had a facility to effectively aerate any large room with clean fresh air whilst at the same time scenting the air with suitable aromas from fragrant essences duly added to the humidifier. do not get too far ahead of the story and let us continue. One humidifier was triggered to gradually infuse the development room with a sweet, tangy fresh perfume when continuous integration was successful.
This friendly bouquet, we understand, would permeate the room and the corridor if the door was left open to spread this welcoming odour across the floor of the office block thus announcing the build and integration success to the wider project team and the rest of the organisation. A simple and laudable declaration you would deduce until you consider the olfactory assault that was unleashed following an unsuccessful integration.
Obviously, every now and again the integrations would not work as well as they did before. An old piece of code might be left in by mistake; a change to a new table might be missed and not incorporated or a link to a component recently archived is left uncommented. It is an easy thing to do, regularly performed and often so easy to fix that you are probably already re-running your integration before anyone has had any chance to even see the error. However, that was not the case with the humidifier.
The simplest of integration failure would, of course, trigger the XFD. This time though, the sweet pleasant welcoming perfumes the teams had got so accustomed to were swiftly and disappointingly carried away to be almost immediately replaced with the rancid, choking, putrid stench (we are reliably informed) from what accurately compared with the rotting contents of the long since abandoned underground lavatory system of Hades himself.
Before you ask, we understand the smell was delivered from various pooled liquids in glass vials suitably sourced from a local comedy and joke warehouse. What made matters worse and you can only gasp in amazement how this nasal catastrophe could be made any worse, was that the office doors would invariably be left open or ajar.
So, as the team always wished to announce build integration statuses to the project team members by the swift and reliable mechanisms of the office corridor, the odour would make its thick wallowing laboured journey across the floor of the office block picking out every corner to uncover every last occupied office table and chair. No room was left un-odoured.
So, consider the situation. After the first roll of successful integrations the sweet perfume of success is acceptable and welcome. However, even the slightest error in a morning would overtake the atmosphere with a rank sickening odour that lingers and remains hovering about the nostrils of your project personnel until well after lunchtime, defying a plethora of successful integrations and the agreeable odours they seek to provide.
There is absolutely no problem in having fun on the project. It is massively important to have fun, enjoy your work and to enjoy your precious time on planet Earth. That is not the issue. The issue is that you will appraise how well the devices will go down in the location in which you work. Our work invariably takes us to customers offices and premises. We have seen other agile companies bring along such devices, unannounced. We refer to the lava lamps, not the humidifiers. This endeavour has had differing levels of success.
One such occurrence was in a very large investment bank. It comprised an experienced and forward thinking business team, an advanced IT development team and a results driven yet progressive management team. It was not a staid old-fashioned environment by any means. However, they elected to run their first SCRUM project and selected an agile delivery partner to delivery the project. The agile delivery partner was allocated their own dedicated office space to setup and get the first project underway.
The wall charts and boards and laptops arrived first. Some servers followed and a couple of IT staff established the development and integration environments. This of course included a cardboard box containing two new lava lamps. They were duly wired up over the weekend ready for the developers to start Monday morning. The first time the lava lamps appeared in their colourful glory, all hell broke loose.
The agile delivery partner was accused of being frivolous and of wasting time and valuable money. The agile delivery partner was challenged and requested to provide justification for introducing such an outlandish way of reporting. They could not of course. It was just a fun thing and it was cool. It was something their developers did.
The customer did not share the enthusiasm for the product and the management were not a little worried that the impression of a fun, hip, cool, frivolous project was not the immediate impression they wanted to put across or wanted their expensive agile delivery partner to convey either. This was further compounded because this was the first project of this type. The features and style of this project would be used as a basis for future agile projects and this was a feature that was immediately causing friction. It got worse.
Threats of legal action, accusations of contravention of electrical installation regulations, infringements of health and safety rules, risks of injury from broken glass or unspecified viscous materials tarnishing office tables, wasteful use of company electricity as well as unsatisfactory and unsolicited environmental impacts were all subjects that elicited serious debate we understand.
We were asked to intervene. The lava lamps were immediately unplugged and removed. But this was not the end of the topic. Throughout the project, when everything else was working fine, if an error ever occurred which was in any way associated with an integration (which is obviously very often) the subject of the dreaded lava lamps would surface once again casting yet more derision on the agile delivery partner. Sometimes a poor decision just sticks fast.
This example illustrates the point well. You need to be certain that the landscape will greet animated or expressive activities. Finally, you need to make sure it will accommodate such devices especially if your developers rely on them and expect them to be there at the start.
Now we have dealt with some lively and frivolous practices, we move onto some practices that are the total opposite. The opposite words for lively and frivolous are serious and grim. These are not appropriate words though and we prefer overwhelming and thorough to describe the following hugely, massively, enormously, tremendously important practices. | <urn:uuid:a9d743f2-6193-4e91-9dfc-a517bab267ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bigagiletoolkit.com/B2B/eXtreme_Feedback_Devices_XFD.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00314-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970056 | 1,669 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The Origin of Traffic Lights
Editor's Note: Reader Andrea recently asked if we could cover the history of traffic lights. Here's what we had in the archives. "“Jason
We're still stumped on that whole chicken vs. egg question, but there's one thing we do know for sure—traffic congestion predates the automobile. Long before the invention of the internal combustion engine, horses and people were already having so much trouble yielding to each other at intersections that, in 1868, a British railroad engineer designed the first traffic signal to help them out. Oddly, the contraption only featured two settings: "stop" and "caution," indicated by a bar held horizontally or lowered to a 45-degree angle. At night, red and green lights were used to make the bar visible, meaning that, in this case, "green" meant "slow down." A proclamation issued by London's police commissioner in 1868 explained the system as well as the then-novel concept of pedestrian right-of-way, and for the first time, cities had a way to keep people from constantly running into each other.
The concept of a box with bars sticking out each side like arms was modeled on the naval semaphore system, a way of communicating between ships where a sailor would hold certain flags at certain angles to create messages. As overly complicated on the street as it was on the sea, it soon fell out of favor, replaced by an electrical upgrade. The first light-based traffic signals were probably those installed in Salt Lake City by police officer Lester Wire in 1912. Featuring a slanted roof to shed rain and snow, Wire's signal boxes contained dye-colored lights that shone through coverless circular openings and were powered by the same wires that ran electric trolleys. Like the earlier signals, Wire's lights only had two settings, in this case "stop" and "go," and were manually operated on-site by a police officer. A similar system was installed (and patented) in Cleveland in 1914, but with a significant safety improvement. Unlike their Western counterparts, the Cleveland lights were all connected back to the same control station and wired so that it was impossible to accidentally tell both directions to "go" at once (an important development, no doubt).
Amazingly, the first three-setting lights didn't come along until the 1920s. Based on railroad signs being used since 1899, the three-light signal first appeared in Detroit and New York City between 1920 and 1922. These cities were also on the forefront of an effort to streamline traffic signal controls (and thus improve the flow of traffic in general) by wiring several different intersections back into a single control tower.
This article was written by Maggie Koerth-Baker and excerpted from the mental_floss book In the Beginning: The Origins of Everything. You can pick up a copy in our store. | <urn:uuid:a94842f0-3d19-47e5-b848-faf776c17720> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mentalfloss.com/article/23909/origin-traffic-lights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981165 | 591 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Goldfish are one of the most popular aquarium fish. You may have seen more than one goldfish in a tank. And you may have also seen a single goldfish all by itself in the tank.
But, is it better to have one or two goldfish in a tank?
Well, this is what I’m going to answer in this article.
Goldfish are social fish so ideally, you should keep at least two goldfish together in a tank. Keeping multiple goldfish will provide companionship. And you can enjoy their interaction with each other in the aquarium.
Now you know that you should keep at least two goldfish together, you may have questions about their size, gender, variety, etc.
No worries, this is what we’re going to talk about in this article.
Why you should have two goldfish instead of one?
Goldfish are social fish. In the wild, goldfish school together with other goldfish.
In your aquarium, you should try to emulate the natural habitat of goldfish to keep them happy. That’s why you should keep at least two goldfish together in your aquarium.
Keeping a single goldfish could lead to depression and lethargy.
Besides, when you have two goldfish, you can watch them interacting with each other.
Generally, goldfish are very peaceful fish so keeping multiple goldfish together is easy.
Also, if you keep male and female goldfish then you can breed them.
What size tank do I need for two goldfish?
One of the most important things you’ll need to keep in mind while keeping two or more goldfish in your fish tank is that you’ll need a larger tank to keep them.
For two goldfish you’ll need at least a 60 gallon tank.
There are a few reasons why you need a larger fish tank to keep goldfish.
- Goldfish can grow very fast and large
Besides, goldfish do not have stomachs so they can not store foods in their bodies. That’s why the food they eat is processed quickly and excreted out quickly in the fish tank.
This waste breaks down in the fish tank and releases ammonia in the tank. Ammonia is harmful to the fish!
So if you keep goldfish in a smaller tank then the ammonia can build pretty quickly in the fish tank.
On the other hand, if you keep goldfish in a larger tank then the ammonia will not build up as quickly as the ammonia will be diluted in a larger tank.
- Maintaining constant water parameters
Goldfish need the water parameters in the ideal range constantly in the fish tank.
If the water parameters in a goldfish tank are constantly changing then this stresses the fish which can lead to diseases.
In a bigger tank, it is way easier to keep the water parameters constant.
On the other hand, in a smaller tank, the water parameters can change pretty quickly.
Can you keep two different varieties of goldfish in the same tank?
You can keep different varieties of goldfish together. But you have to keep a couple of things in mind while choosing the goldfish to in the same tank.
- Choose similar body shaped goldfish together
You should keep the varieties of goldfish together which have similar body shapes.
Goldfish body shape can be categorized into two categories.
- There are long-bodied goldfish varieties like common goldfish, comet goldfish, shubunkin goldfish.
- There are egg-shaped bodied goldfish like oranda goldfish, ryukin goldfish, ranchu goldfish, etc.
The long-bodied goldfish have streamlined bodies so they can cut through the water and swim fast.
On the other hand, egg-shaped goldfish are bulky so they cannot swim fast.
This can become a problem during feeding time if you keep both types of goldfish together.
As long-bodied goldfish can swim fast, they can easily consume all the food you put in the tank which can starve the egg-shaped goldfish.
Besides, long-bodied goldfish are more aggressive during breeding time.
So if you keep long-bodied goldfish and egg-shaped goldfish together then the long-bodied male goldfish will continuously chase and harass the egg-shaped female goldfish.
And as egg-shaped goldfish swim as fast as long-bodied goldfish, the egg-shaped female will get stressed by the continued chasing which can lead to diseases.
That’s why while choosing the goldfish to keep in your tank make sure to choose either all long-bodied goldfish or all egg-shaped goldfish.
- Choose similar size goldfish together
The size of a goldfish affects its ability to swim faster. So while choosing goldfish to keep together in your tank, make sure to choose goldfish of similar sizes.
If you keep small and large goldfish together then as bigger goldfish cannot swim as fast as smaller goldfish due to their bulky bodies, the smaller goldfish can eat all the food you put in the tank.
Also, there is a possibility the smaller goldfish will harass the bigger goldfish!
If you keep a very small goldfish with a big goldfish then the big goldfish can eat the small one.
This is not because goldfish are very aggressive. But because they’re always hungry and they will eat whatever fish fits into their mouth whether that is another small goldfish or any other species of fish.
What should be the gender of the two goldfish?
It is just a personal choice whether you should keep both male goldfish or both female goldfish or one male and one female goldfish.
Obviously, if you keep a male and a female goldfish in your tank then at some point you’ll end up having babies in your tank.
So if you don’t want any babies then you should keep either only females or only males together.
Can you keep only male goldfish together?
This is the question often asked and people are generally worried about the aggression among male goldfish.
If you’re providing the ideal environment to the male goldfish in your tank then you’ll rarely see aggression among them. Sure, you’ll see males chasing each other sometimes. But it’ll be nothing to worry about.
However, the males can get aggressive if you’re not maintaining the ideal water condition in your tank. Because poor water condition stresses the fish which causes aggression among them.
Besides, if you’re not feeding sufficient food to the goldfish then they’ll compete for food in the tank which can lead to aggression among them.
Can a single goldfish survive in a fish tank?
Ideally, you should keep at least two goldfish in your fish tank. This is because they’re social fish so they like to be in a group. And it’s interesting to watch them interacting with each other.
That being said, if you do not have a larger tank that two goldfish need. Or if you just want to have one goldfish then you can certainly keep a single goldfish in your fish tank.
If you keep the goldfish in at least a 40 gallon tank, maintained the ideal water parameters, and feed high-quality food then the goldfish will survive and live a long life in the fish tank.
Naturally, in the wild, goldfish live in groups. Besides, goldfish are very peaceful so it’s very easy to keep them together in a fish tank. That’s why ideally, you should keep at least two goldfish together.
However, you can keep only a single goldfish in your tank. If you provide the fish with the ideal environment then the goldfish will live a healthy and long life on its own.
I hope all the information I’ve given in this article regarding keeping two goldfish successfully in a tank will help you.
If you have any questions or want to add anything on the topic, feel free to leave a comment below. | <urn:uuid:897e9f82-e7a8-459e-a938-6cb103871a50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aquagoodness.com/is-it-better-to-have-one-or-two-goldfish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.956482 | 1,698 | 2.8125 | 3 |
ASUNCION, PARAGUAY — EXILE'S RETURN. The welcome home was a police beating. Exiled opposition leader Domingo Laino was attacked on the Uruguayan plane that brought him to Paraguay without permission. Those accompanying him also were beaten ''but Laino with more brutality,'' said Robert White, U.S. ambassador to Paraguay from 1977 to 1979, one of four Americans accompanying the exile. Also in the party were prominent Uruguayan, Brazilian and Argentine politicians. Laino was not allowed to get off the plane, and it flew back to Montevideo Tuesday. | <urn:uuid:0773df34-c85f-44ee-b0b1-96489bf8d46a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1986-06-26/news/8606280612_1_laino-paraguay-exile-return | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976349 | 128 | 1.898438 | 2 |
United Nations-brokered peace talks on Syria are preparing to host the country’s main opposition group which set off for Geneva early on Saturday after initially refusing to go.
It is a small but significant victory for UN envoy Staffan de Mistura although the Saudi-backed HNC, which includes political and militant opponents of Syrian President Bashar al Assad, insists it wants to discuss humanitarian issues before any negotiations.
“They are coming for discussions with Mr de Mistura, with the UN, and not for a direct engagement or negotiation or to start the political negotiation process with the regime,” explained Farah Atassi, a member of the Higher Negotiation Committee (HNC).
“They are coming here just to engage in a discussion with Mr de Mistura after getting some guarantee that the demands or the requests that the opposition, or the HNC, gave – that they will be delivered and accomplished.”
Among HNC demands, the group said it had drawn up a list of 3,000 Syrian women and children in government prisons who should be released.
US Secretary of State John Kerry had made a major push to get the HNC delegation to Geneva, and the group said he had contacted it by phone to urge it to attend.
The Syrian government delegation arrived on Friday as the talks aimed at ending the country’s five year old war formally got underway.
Syria’s Kurds are not attending after Turkey demanded they be kept away. The Kurds say their absence means the talks are doomed to fail.
Get a different perspective
Every story can be told in many ways: see the perspectives from Euronews journalists in our other language teams. | <urn:uuid:c92d2b83-330e-4360-8b15-5a028f1c1324> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.euronews.com/2016/01/30/syria-conflict-main-opposition-groups-heads-to-geneva-peace-talks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00357-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957702 | 343 | 1.5625 | 2 |
‘There’s no way out’
Thousands of Afghan soldiers have fled to countries like Iran and Uzbekistan over the past few weeks as the Taliban rapidly took over. Tens of thousands more are now on the run, hiding and hunted by the Taliban. “There’s no way out,” said one commando, who was hiding in the mountains of eastern Afghanistan. “I am praying to be saved.”
The soldiers were all part of the sudden atomization of the national security forces that the U.S. and its allies had spent tens of billions of dollars to arm and train to stand against the Taliban, a two-decade effort at institution-building that vanished in just a few days.
Militants are intensifying a search for people they believe worked with U.S. and NATO forces, including among the crowds of Afghans at Kabul’s airport, and have threatened to kill or arrest their family members if they cannot find those they are looking for, according to a confidential document prepared for the U.N.
In Kabul, hundreds of protesters opposed to the Taliban’s takeover took to the streets for a second day. At one demonstration in the city, about 200 people had gathered before the Taliban broke it up violently. A curfew was announced in the southeastern city of Khost after protests. Here are the latest updates.
Evacuations: How news organizations like The Times got their Afghan colleagues out of Kabul, in a global rescue effort that included the Pentagon and Qatar.
‘A mockery of vaccine equality’
Plans in some wealthy nations to allow Covid booster shots even as much of the world is yet to receive a first shot have been met with criticism by some at the W.H.O. “As some richer countries hoard vaccines, they make a mockery of vaccine equity,” said Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, the W.H.O.’s Africa director.
The organization had called for a moratorium on booster shots until the end of September to free up supplies for low-income nations. But many countries are ignoring that appeal: The U.S. aims to start booster shots on Sept. 20; France and Germany have similar plans; and over a million people in Israel have already had them.
African countries continue to lag far behind those on other continents in inoculations, with only 2 percent of Africa’s 1.3 billion people fully vaccinated against the virus. Though vaccine shipments have accelerated in recent weeks, African nations are still not getting nearly enough to meet their needs.
Biden’s response: “We’re providing more to the rest of the world than all the rest of the world combined,” President Biden said yesterday. “We’re keeping our part of the bargain.”
Here are the latest updates and maps of the pandemic.
In other developments:
The clear plastic barriers that have become commonplace in indoor settings during the pandemic do little to stop the spread of the coronavirus — and may make things worse.
Three vaccinated U.S. senators have tested positive for the coronavirus, adding to the number of breakthrough cases among lawmakers.
Droughts and wildfires in the U.S.
The severe drought that has gripped much of the Western U.S. is likely to continue into late fall. Follow live extreme weather updates here.
Above-average temperatures are likely across almost all of the West, while precipitation is expected to be below normal. Taken together, that all spells bad news for a region that is already experiencing major effects of drought, including dwindling water supplies, stunted crops, barren grazing lands and exploding wildfires.
Blazes continue to burn in Northern California. About 23,000 residents of El Dorado County have fled or prepared to evacuated. Air pollution was projected to remain at unhealthy levels — above 150 on the air quality index — in Sacramento and other cities near the Caldor wildfire.
THE LATEST NEWSNews From the U.S.
Chuck Close, who found success with his large-scale Photorealist portraits and became one of the leading artists of his generation, has died at 81.
ARTS AND IDEAS An Afghan author reflects on his birthplace
Khaled Hosseini’s novels have offered a view of Afghan life that wasn’t limited to war and destruction. He talked to The Times about the pain and frustration of watching events unfold in his country from afar.
How has your sense of Afghanistan’s future changed over the year?
I was in Afghanistan early in 2003, and in those days, there was virtually no insurgency. There was this very heady optimism about where the country was headed — gender equality, rights for girls and women, people being able to participate in an open and representative political process.
Over the years we adjusted our expectations, and over time we came to expect that, well, that was all a pipe dream, but at least what we can hope for is a compromised sort of democracy, with corruption and all sorts of issues. Over the last couple of years, those hopes have declined. And in the last few days, they have been utterly crushed.
What should people be reading to better understand Afghanistan and Afghan people right now?
They should be reading history books. They should be reading people who really know Afghanistan and know it well. A lot of people have relied on my books to kind of get a view into what Afghanistan is, and that’s fine, but I have never intended for my books to be representative of what Afghan life is. I hope people dig much deeper than that and read history books and learn more about Afghanistan in that way.
But there has been an uptick in demand for your books. Is there anything you want people to know who are picking up one of them for the first time?
These are stories. This is the perspective of someone who has lived in exile, essentially since 1980. But I do have a perspective, and I have a deep affection and a deep emotional connection with the people there, with the land, with the culture, with the history and the heritage.
There’s so much more to Afghanistan. It’s a beautiful country with a beautiful, humble, kind, welcoming, hospitable and charming people. Everyone who’s been to Afghanistan says, “I’ve been to a lot of places in the world, but I’ve never been to a place like Afghanistan.”
PLAY, WATCH, EATWhat to Cook
This one-pot meal, topped with walnuts and fresh mint and pomegranate seeds, is inspired by pilaf-style rice dishes made across the world.
What to Watch
After months of postponement, Andrew Lloyd Webber’s “Cinderella” finally premiered in London. It’s fun, our critic says.
What to Listen to
The New Zealand singer Lorde releases her third album today. It’s what happens when a pop star stops trying to make hits, our culture reporter writes in this profile.
Now Time to Play
Here’s today’s Mini Crossword, and a clue: Emerald or diamond (three letters).
And here is the Spelling Bee.
You can find all our puzzles here.
That’s it for today’s briefing. Have a restful weekend. — Natasha
P.S. The Times’s Afghan journalists and their families have made it to safety and will now begin their transition to new lives abroad.
The latest episode of “The Daily” is about the Afghan interpreters whom the U.S. left behind.
You can reach Natasha and the team at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:5a03dfa4-8b09-49fd-8b12-704a6e3af504> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://citizen-movement.uk/europe/your-friday-briefing-the-new-york-times-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.965293 | 1,610 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Student or Learner
what is it means?
Yale - Yale University. An "Ivy league" college. Considered high class society.
Bred - To develop by training or education (in this context)
Someone who is "Yale-bred" would likely be a person in the higher social and economic class. The president of the United States is Yale-bred. | <urn:uuid:b6ebe3a9-4469-4824-ade8-f0c55d501da2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/52816-Yale-bred | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962762 | 80 | 2 | 2 |
Mirrors and and reflections of light are magical and fascinating. Here are several science experiments for kids that you can perform to discover more about mirrors and the reflections they can produce.
What You'll Need:
- 2 small rectangular mirrors
- Small object
Experiment 1: Reflecting Angle
Step 1: Cut a 1-inch hole in a piece of cardboard.
Step 2: Tape a comb over the hole.
Step 3: Hold the cardboard upright in a darkened room, and set the flashlight behind it so it shines through the hole.
Step 4: Hold a mirror in front of the hole to capture the reflection.
Step 5: Turn the mirror to investigate how it reflects light at exactly the same angle as the light hits the mirror.
Experiment 2: Reflected Writing
Step 1: Write something backward on a piece of paper.
Step 2: Hold the paper in front of a mirror. Your backward message will read forward in the mirror!
Experiment 3: Dual Reflections
Step 1: Tape two small mirrors together on one side to form a right angle.
Step 2: Set the mirrors on their sides, and place a small object between them. You will be able to see many sides of the object in the mirrors.
Step 3: Move the mirrors closer together and farther apart and observe what happens to the images.
You can also try placing the mirrors (untaped) facing each other with the object between them to see an endless reflection.
Go to the next page to find out how you can magnetize an ordinary nail by rubbing it with a magnet. | <urn:uuid:3c34bc73-5196-4f55-b16f-0b906c2ce024> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/crafts/seasonal/winter/science-experiments-for-kids7.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00450-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.863431 | 328 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Banihal, Jun 21: The Jammu-Srinagar national highway was closed for traffic on Tuesday due to the falling of stones from hilltops in Ramban district following incessant rainfall, traffic officials said.
They advised people not to travel on the highway without confirming the status of the road from traffic checking units.
“Jammu-Srinagar highway was blocked due to continuous shooting stones at Panthyal,” an official said.
Incessant rains continued in many parts of Jammu and Kashmir, including Ramban and Udhampur districts, causing a threat of more landslides on the highway, the officials said.
Men and machinery have been deployed to clear the highway of the debris but shooting stones are acting as a hindrance, they said.–(PTI)
The Kashmir Bulletin is a news platform and Advertising agency based in Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir. The Kashmir Bulletin was founded in the year 2019 to fulfill the needs of digital audience to achieve objective journalism. We provide unbiased news as we believe in pure journalism. | <urn:uuid:8717de55-287f-4b61-8e36-83f76c9240ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kashmirbulletin.com/2022/06/shooting-stones-disrupt-vehicular-traffic-on-jammu-srinagar-highway.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961172 | 218 | 1.742188 | 2 |
M, b. circa 1170, d. before 1217
Alexander was born circa 1170. Alexander's brother, William, purchased the right to arrange the marriage of Eleanor and Matilda Visdelou. He then had Eleanor marry Alexander. Alexander married Eleanor Visdelou, daughter of Humphrey Visdelou and Matilda de Bidun, before 1196.1 Alexander departed this life before 1217.
|Eleanor Visdelou b. c 1172|
- [S1414] F. N. Craig, The Marbury Ancestry: Gernon & Rycote Lines, pages 168-169 - In 1196, William, son of Richard, owed forty marks for the right to marry two daughers of of Visdelou to husbands of his choice. At that time, William had already married them to his two brothers, for in the same year, Fulk, son of Richard, held one knight's fee [in Rycote] in the honor of Wallingford. In 1197, a Roger Visdelou obtained a life's interest in land in Appleton from Alexander, son of Richard, and Eleanor, his wife, and Fulk, son of Richard, and Matilda, his wife, who had inherited the land. - http://www.americanancestors.org/PageDetail.aspx | <urn:uuid:168095a5-6b26-4808-a236-1d3134ce601c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mccurdyfamilylineage.com/ancestry/p65.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.929967 | 297 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly disease with a grim prognosis, with median survival at diagnosis of less than a year and a half.1 Standard treatment with the DNA alkylating drug temozolomide yields incremental improvements in survival but better therapies remain needed.1 While anecdotal reports of individual patient benefit after receiving cancer vaccines for malignant glioma are promising,2-5 the overall record of vaccines for the treatment of this disease has been marked by failure.6 Tumors express large numbers of mutated genes with novel amino acid sequences that function as readily targeted neo-antigens in cancer vaccines.7-10 However, in glioblastoma such cancer vaccine trials have been conducted subsequent to standard of care treatment with temozolomide.11 Cancer vaccines for other malignancies are often given after standard alkylating chemotherapies.12 While some recent reports have indicated synergy between drugs like temozolomide and immune therapy,5,13-15 our results indicate that the direct anti-proliferative effect of drugs like temozolomide is the dominant effect on vaccine driven immune responses, diminishing their quantity and quality. These observations led to our central hypothesis that the anti-proliferative effect of temozolomide causes cells with high affinity antigen receptors to die preferentially in response to vaccination. Furthermore, immune therapy strategies that spare lymphocytes from exposure to alkylating drugs could yield improved results and true synergy between chemotherapy and experimental immune therapy. This project aims to: (1) use pre-clinical modeling to develop translational clinical strategies that overcome the obstacle of temozolomide anti-proliferative effect by generating large of tumor specific lymphocytes either in vivo before exposure to alkylating chemotherapy or ex vivo;(2) use knowledge of mechanisms of temozolomide resistance to protect lymphocytes from alkylating chemotherapeutic drugs before vaccination. To achieve (1) we will use a combination of standard immunological techniques combined with modern bioinformatics to generate large numbers of neo-antigen specific T cells. These cells will be generated either in non-temozolomide treated mice (simulating temozolomide naive glioma patients) or in vitro (simulating ex vivo expansion of glioma patient PBMC) and transferred into temozolomide treated mice bearing gliomas. Point (2) will use gene delivery of drug resistance genes to protect lymphocytes from the anti-proliferative effects of temozolomide. This knowledge could be combined with strategies such as those in (1) or more traditional vaccine approaches to yield greater synergy between temozolomide chemotherapy and immune therapy. The successful completion of this project will lead to solid pre-clinical leads in overcoming a major obstacle to the use of cancer vaccines in glioblastoma and other malignancies.
Thousands of people are diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme every year, and treatment remains ineffective. All will receive standard chemotherapy with temozolomide, which is only marginally effective. Immune therapies offer hope of better outcomes but our research indicates that standard chemotherapy has a detrimental effect on the immune system, a defect we hope to overcome. | <urn:uuid:50ca35db-3c47-4a81-b5fe-8aae58844437> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/F31-CA174052-01A1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905382 | 680 | 2.625 | 3 |
Fun Science Cheltenham
Fun Science Cheltenham offers assemblies, in-class workshops and after-school clubs, inspiring scientific curiosity through awe-inspiring, interactive demonstrations suitable for children aged 4-11.
Experienced fun scientist Diatom Dave conducts experiments using specialist equipment - including rocket launchers, plasma balls, van de Graff generators and more - as well as common household items and chemicals.
All activities are suitably risk-assessed, Diatom Dave is Enhanced DBS cleared, and an appropriate public liability policy is in place.
Children learn the rudiments of scientific thinking and method, applying critical and sceptical thinking to the world around them while having their curiosity maintained - in line with Ofsted guidance for good science teaching practice. Or, to put it another way - kids have so much fun, they don't realise they're learning!To book this activity, please contact:
The STEM Directory is provided as a service to support you in finding enrichment opportunities. The activities are offered by external providers and are not endorsed by STEM Learning. We are not responsible for their content or delivery.
|Published||18 September 2020|
|Last modified||18 September 2020|
|Nature of scheme||In-school visit|
|Subject(s)||STEM Clubs, Programming, Cross curricular, Personal development, Science, Biology, Physics, Working scientifically, Earth science, Practical work, Outside the classroom, Techniques and procedures, Enquiries and investigations, Demonstrations, Chemistry, Computing|
|Age||4-5, 5-7, 7-11|
|Running times||1-4 hours|
Price is for a two-hour session - other options are available. | <urn:uuid:3a422e3b-a9fb-4254-aeae-ebe9ef28586f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amolkarmalkar.comcommunity.stem.org.uk/enrichment/stem-directory/activity/fun-science-cheltenham | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.909898 | 412 | 3.109375 | 3 |
International Women’s Day
At the RSE Young Academy of Scotland we bring together a diverse community of people working across a broad range of disciplines, including arts, science & engineering, medicine, social justice and climate change. In line with the #BreakTheBias theme of International Women’s Day 2022, we are sharing the career stories of some of our women YAS members. We hope this will give a snapshot of the wide variety of jobs that women work in today, and inspire girls & young women into careers that they may not yet have considered. To illustrate part of their job, each member has also suggested a fun activity for you to try at home!
Special thanks to the STEM Ambassadors in Scotland Hub, who generously helped us to create this initiative.
Lecturer in Molecular Pharmacology
Aude Le Guennec
Assistant Professor in Fashion
Lecturer in Medical Sciences
Lecturer in Applied Mathematics
Senior Lecturer in Cardiovascular Pharmacology | <urn:uuid:0ce277a1-9010-45be-9cb6-a068efc17af5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.youngacademyofscotland.org.uk/news/international-womens-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.92765 | 226 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Ten states, plus the District of Columbia, require employers to provide paid sick leave to their workers. California is one of those states, and, in fact, it was the second state to do so after Connecticut. In 2014, the California legislature enacted the bulk of the California statutes that govern sick leave as the Healthy Workplaces Healthy Families (HWHF) Act. Those measures were signed into law by the governor, and lawmakers subsequently enacted amendments to that law in 2015. Among the provisions of California sick leave laws are methods for calculating both the accrual of sick leave and the pay rate that should apply when employees take sick leave.
Basic Requirements of the California Sick Leave Law
California sick leave laws entitle most employees to paid time off for medical purposes. The law applies to full-time and part-time workers, as well as temporary employees. There are some restrictions in the statutes that apply to specific types of employees, such as those who are covered under a collective bargaining agreement and certain airline employees.
Employees can take sick leave to care for their own medical needs or those of a family member. The specific needs qualifying for time off range from seeking a diagnosis to undergoing treatment, and recovering from any illness that prevents an employee from carrying out assigned job duties.
Read More: Paid Sick Leave in California
California Sick Leave Law for Part-Time Employees
Under California's sick leave law, both part-time and full-time workers are entitled to paid sick leave. Eligible workers also include those holding seasonal or temporary positions. Eligible employees, whether full- or part-time, earn sick leave at the same rate, unless the employer wishes to set a faster accrual schedule. For every 30 hours worked, employees earn one hour of sick leave. Entitlement to sick leave for any employee, part- or full-time, is contingent upon the employee meeting other statutory requirements for eligibility.
Eligibility for Sick Leave in California
The right to paid sick leave in California is enjoyed by most employees. However, to become eligible for paid sick leave, employees must meet an additional requirement of working at least 30 days within the prior twelve-month period.
Originally, it was not clearly understood whether those 30 days of work had to be performed for a single employer or whether the worker could claim eligibility after working for multiple employers. For example, under the second scenario, a worker could put in one week of work at each of four employers over the course of a year and still claim entitlement to paid sick leave at the fourth workplace.
An amendment to the HWHF Act was introduced the following year, in part to clarify this provision. AB 304 specified that eligibility for paid sick leave applied only when the worker performed at least 30 days of work for a single employer from whom the employee was seeking to take paid sick leave. In other words, that hypothetical employee with a week of work at four different employers would not accrue any paid sick leave from any of those employers.
Restrictions for Certain Workers in California
Some workers in California are subject to a few restrictions under the terms of the HWHF Act:
Union members who work under a collective bargaining agreement. Under the HWHF Act, this exception applies to workers whose bargaining agreement addresses wages, work hours, overtime pay, and office or workplace conditions, as well as a binding arbitration clause. It must also contain a provision for sick leave days and include binding arbitration and overtime wages.
Construction employees are also exempt from the California sick leave law if they are covered by a binding agreement and are paid at least 30 percent above the then-current minimum wage, as well as all the other provisions required for union employees. However, the construction worker’s binding agreement may waive many provisions, including sick leave, work hours and workplace conditions, as long as the language regarding these waivers is clear and unmistakable.
Air carrier employees are exempt from the sick leave laws in California, whether or not they’re covered under a union’s collective bargaining agreement. However, they must be given the equivalent of the required sick leave amount through other paid time off policies from their employers. As long as the total paid time off meets the law’s minimum requirements, the employer may consider these workers exempt from the Act’s other requirements.
In-home health care services providers were previously exempt from the California sick leave laws. That exclusion was reversed, effective December 1, 2017. After that date, in-home health care workers became eligible for sick leave accrual after 30 days of employment and began to accrue sick leave at the rate of one hour of leave for every 30 hours worked.
Employer Rights to Offer More Sick Leave
The provisions of the HWHF Act are intended to provide a floor, or minimum requirement, for paid sick leave benefits for California workers. Employers are free to adopt different rules and practices, as long as they meet or exceed those minimum requirements set forth in the state's sick leave statutes.
Additionally, AB 304 authorized the “grandfathering” of policies that were already in place under certain conditions. Companies can keep in place those policies adopting different methods of accrual, as long as the method doesn’t result in a lesser amount of leave for the employee. The policies must meet these criteria:
- Employees must earn eight hours of paid time off within three months of work, and 24 hours within nine months.
- Accrual of sick leave must follow a regular calendar schedule.
- The policy must meet other statutory provisions, including the definition of family member, as well as record keeping and notice requirements.
Cashing Out Unused Sick Time
The HWHF Act is silent as to so-called cash-out policies, which allow employees to exchange accumulated paid time off for the equivalent wages they’d otherwise be paid during that time. In other words, the employee gives up the right to take time away from work, and in return, the employer gives the employee a cash payment equal to the employee’s rate of pay for the surrendered time. Because the statutes do not make any provision as to cashing out, employers are free to create their own rules for cashing out. However, there is no obligation for employers to allow this practice.
If employment is terminated, but the employee is rehired within twelve months, then the employer must reinstate any accumulated sick leave to the employee’s credit. However, this is not required if the employer allows the departing employee to cash out accrued time upon his earlier departure.
Permissible Reasons for Taking Sick Leave
The California sick leave law allows eligible employees to take paid sick leave for a number of reasons related to medical and health care. For example, employees may take leave to recuperate from injury or illness, whether acute or chronic. Employees may also take leave to care for a family member, defined by the law to include parents; spouses and registered domestic partners; siblings; children, including foster and adopted children; grandchildren; and grandparents.
Employees may also take leave to engage in a number of medical care activities. A worker can take leave to seek a diagnosis, to participate in preventive treatment modalities or to receive or recuperate from medical procedures.
Employee Actions to Enforce Sick Leave Rights
When California employers refuse to grant an employee’s rights to take paid time off, the typical avenue of redress involves filing a civil lawsuit in the appropriate California court against the employer on the worker’s behalf. Any violation of the employee’s rights to paid sick leave may be the basis of such a suit, whether it involves a refusal to grant sick leave at all, a miscalculation of the accrued time or a failure to pay the employee at the proper rate.
The law also prohibits employers from retaliating against employees both for taking paid sick leave to which they’re entitled and for seeking to protect their rights by filing suit or making a formal complaint. Prohibited retaliatory acts include termination, but also include inappropriate employee discipline, pay reductions and threats to terminate the worker’s employment or to report the employee to federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
If an employer is found by the court to have violated the employee’s rights as set forth in the state laws on paid sick leave, the court may order the employer to pay the employee’s attorney's fees and court costs, in addition to any specific damages that may be assessed against the employer. Class action lawsuits may be brought on behalf of a group of workers where the employer routinely violates paid sick leave laws.
Relief Available in California Sick Leave Lawsuits
If an employee files suit against the employer for a violation of paid sick leave rights, the employee may ask the court to grant both monetary damages and equitable relief, where appropriate. Equitable relief includes such actions as ordering the employer to honor future sick leave requests or to readjust the rate of pay.
Monetary damages for California paid sick leave law violations take several different forms, depending on the facts of the specific case. Damages can include: back pay, sick leave pay, attorney’s fees and court costs, and interest on any pay that has been wrongfully withheld. Moreover, when the employer wrongfully withholds payment for sick leave days, a worker who successfully challenges that action is entitled to treble damages in an amount not to exceed $4,000.
Employer Obligations Under California Sick Leave Laws
In addition to the obligation to provide paid sick leave according to the prescribed accrual calculation methods, the California statutes obligate employers to create and keep complete records that show accrual and rates of pay for sick leave taken by employees. These records should include how paid sick time accrues to employees, how those employees are compensated and at what rate. Records must also show the hours employees actually worked in order to verify the accrual calculations.
California employers are required to keep these records for at least three years in order to comply with any investigation as to alleged violations of the paid sick leave laws.
Local Regulation of Sick Leave by Ordinance
California towns, cities and counties may adopt additional regulations covering paid sick leave by ordinance. This type of local supplemental regulation is permissible and legal as long as the local regulation doesn’t attempt to lessen or weaken the employee’s rights granted under state law.
Any issue that is not covered by state law may be regulated by local ordinances. For instance, some municipal ordinances permit employers to ask employees for medical documentation of work absences exceeding three consecutive workdays. Most of these ordinances also provide additional accrual calculation methods.
- SwipeClock: California Sick Leave Law - Employee Exceptions
- State of California Department of Industrial Relations: Healthy Workplace Healthy Family Act of 2014 (AB 1522)
- CA Legislative Information: Labor Code - Article 1.5 Paid Sick Days
- CA Legislative Information: Assembly Bill No. 469 (2011)
- Shouse California Law Group: California Sick Leave Laws
- State of California Department of Industrial Relations: California Paid Sick Leave: Frequently Asked Questions
- Employment Law Handbook: California Sick Leave Law
- National Conference of State Legislatures: Paid Sick Leave
- CalChamber Advocacy: Paid Sick Leave
Annie Sisk is a freelance writer who lives in upstate New York. She holds a B.A. in Speech from Catawba College and a J.D. from USC. She has written extensively for publications and websites in the business, management and legal fields. | <urn:uuid:d66e7736-85ef-425d-85c3-45b3595ec889> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalbeagle.com/13720421-what-is-californias-sick-leave-law.html?ref=lz2020b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.960254 | 2,374 | 1.953125 | 2 |
A lot of people have become dependent on technology as it plays a big role in our daily lives. Do you agree that living in computer age has more advantages than disadvantages?
Describe the positive and negative impacts of technology on our lives and give your opinion.
Nowadays, almost everything has a computerchip implemented, no matter if it is the wrist watch or the refrigerator. Thus, people not only get used to computers but also somewhat dependent in them. There are people, who think that the positive aspects outweigh the drawbacks of modern day technology, I agree with this opinion and will further illustrate and discuss both sides of the argument.
First and foremost, with todays’ technology, is is difficult to escape from work. The improved communication allows employers and colleagues to reach a person anytime, anywhere. For instance, if someone is out for dinner with his or her wife, the person might still get emails from work on the phone. Some even go this far and answer these messages rightaway. Furthermore, since information is always available, thinking by yourself has considerably decreased. Looking something up, such as a synonym for a word while writing an essay, is easier and faster than to think about it yourself.
However, on the other hand, such an easy access to information improves everyday life significantly. It is possible to look up the weather and thus plan for a week or more in advance. Also, one does not have to wait for the news to start, everything is on the internet just one mouseclick away. Moreover, students profit from the wast amount of information accessible and save a lot of time, they otherwise would spend at the library.
Another positive aspect is the improved possibility of communication. While, in earlier days you could only talk on the phone, today you can write messages, send images or even see each other at the blink of an eye using services such as Skype. In the days of globalisation and people living all around the globe, this is an especially useful feature. People are not only able to talk with their loved ones but also share memories in an instance.
Overall, while there are some drawbacks, such as no escape from work and people thinking less by themselves, the advantages of modern technology outweigh those by far. Personally, I would rather live nowadays and be able to reach my family and friends at all times and access any information I need for my studies than not having computers at all. | <urn:uuid:e185f2e4-e9b6-4624-a1bd-17022081f4ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://writingielts.com/question/a-lot-of-people-have-become-dependent-on-technology-as-it-plays-a-big-role-in-our-daily-lives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00119-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971253 | 489 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Create an account
What makes C. A. R. distinctive from other countries
2. Combined with many other countries including Gabon, Congo, and Chad
3. Women do all of the cooking, cleaning, and harvesting
4. They export diamonds (a lot of diamonds)
5. They think saving money is a sign of greed
6. Men can have more than one wife or girlfriend at a time
7. Economic system is based on agriculture
8. There is a 105 seat National Assembly, which is like our congress
A conference in Germany where European leaders decided on the borders of countries in Africa.
Indirect rule is when the "in-charge" country tells the country it rules what to do, but the leaders of the country it rules over are governing
Direct rule is when the "in charge" country is in the country it rules and are the government
The Europeans introduced money to the African Society and made the Africans work very hard for their money.
Elite in society
The people that had things other Africans didn't. These were the people that went to secondary school.
Atlantic Slave Trade
The Europeans took many Africans to European countries and the U. S as slaves. They treated them badly.
Role and nature of religion in traditional African societies.
Religion and nature helped them unite their societies and become closer in their families.
Why did some Africans reject their traditional culture?
Because they discovered that the only way to get ahead was to behave like their rulers.
How European culture affected African culture
They introduced money and many new inventions like telegraph lines and telephones
How European rule helped and harmed African Culture
Harmed: 1. Took Africans for slaves
2. Made them work very hard
Helped: 1. Introduced modern technology
2. Introduced modern medicine
Religious and political motives for taking over Africa
Political: Britain didn't want Germany or France to have African land so they claimed as much as they could.
Religious: Christians wanted to spread Christianity and they also thought that they had the superior religion and everyone should follow it.
In the first picture the black man is lying down and letting the whites rule him, but he looks like he is about to stand up. The whites having the dinner party symbolize white rule and the black man symbolizes Africans. In the second picture the black man is standing up and fighting back against the Europeans. It symbolizes the rebellion.
1st black president of South Africa, was put in jail for 27 years for speaking out against apartheid and how unfair it was.
"Cry Freedom" lyrics
Symbolize the struggle against apartheid and how everyone is equal, no matter how the look
Where white South African policemen killed 69 peaceful protesting black south africans.
Apartheid and how it worked
The rigid separation of whites and blacks; the blacks lived in homelands and were not allowed to come out of them without permission
Ways the world encouraged South Africa to stop apartheid
1. banned them from the Olympic games
2. UN put an Arms embargo on them
3. Many nations cut off financial trade with S. A.
4. The OAU and its members boycotted them
Problems South Africa continues to face
1. Debt-African Nations are in Debt and have tough economic situations
2. Science and food production-environmental factors make producing food difficult. Scientists are working towards progress in the area.
3. Limited Family size-Many families have a hard time providing food for many children
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Star this term
You can study starred terms together | <urn:uuid:88e44961-9022-4e6e-9e3e-851e7cc52e97> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://quizlet.com/8458873/c-a-r-and-africa-flash-cards/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00497-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947962 | 885 | 3.046875 | 3 |
One of the most interesting paintings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth concerning horses and riders comes from the Kielce Castle http://www.mnki.pl/pl/s,27,Dawny_Palac_Biskupow_Krakowskich.html . This castle was built for the Cracow bishop Jakub Zadzik, by his Italian architects and builders Poncino and Trevano, between 1637-1644 AD. Inside, our good bishop had many tapestries and paintings hung, while the ceilings were decorated with historical scenes of his times, concerned obviously with Polish history he was participant of. The ceiling paintings, and most likely many other paintings found in the castle at the time of its glory, had been painted by the Cracow workshop of Venetian emgirant, Tomasz Dolabella. Tomasz (Tommaso) Dolabella http://www.pinakoteka.zascianek.pl/Dolabella/Index.htm http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tommaso_Dolabella?uselang=pl was at first a royal painter for our Sigismond III Vasa but the he fell out of royal favors and stayed working in the royal city of Cracow, working for the Roman Catholic Church and eventually for the king Wladyslaw IV. Most of his surviving works are religious in nature but some show the most remarkable knowledge of Poland's life, fashions, historical events and military equipment. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Dolabella_Horseman.JPG
One of the lost paintings showing historical events is the coronation of Maryna Mniszech as Tzarina of Muscovy, know only in black and white photograph. And this painting hopefully will be subject of more posts, but for now enjoy it as it is:
Tomasz Dolabella being Venetian of the Veronese, Tintoretto, Bassano etc traditions was a master of color, but his non-religious subjects and the full extend of colors and splendors can be seen in the surviving Kielce Castle ceiling paintings. Since this blog is all about the horses and horse tack, then especially the one painting concerned with the victorious Smolensk war of our king Wladyslaw IV http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_IV_Vasa is particularly suitable to show his workshop mastery of art.
The set of photographs showing the Smoleńsk painting along with another painting depicting the negotatiations between Sweden and Poland, come from this Mateuszmar collection on Picassa http://picasaweb.google.pl/MateuszMarmajStawowy/PaAcBiskupiWKilecach# however the actual photographer and owner of the said photos is Krzysztof Małys.
My favorite fragments are these two photos, subject to further analysis here, I hope : | <urn:uuid:90dd6735-406c-4b03-9eb8-90492d0e362a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dariocaballeros.blogspot.com/2010/03/ceiling-painting-from-kielce-castle-i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935655 | 653 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Sélecteur de langues
Brussels, 7 November 2012
FAQ - European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)
What is the EIT?
The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) was set up in 2008 at the initiative of the European Commission and is an autonomous EU body stimulating world-class innovation, sustainable growth and competitiveness. It brings together excellent higher education institutions, research centres and businesses and aims to achieve its objectives through a pioneering concept of cross-border public-private-partnerships known as Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs). The EIT has its administrative headquarters in Budapest while the KICs operate from 17 co-location centres throughout Europe, from Barcelona to Stockholm and London to Kraków. To date, three KICs have been created, focusing on sustainable energy (KIC InnoEnergy), climate change (Climate KIC) and information and communication society (EIT ICT Labs).
What is the Commission's vision for the EIT?
The aim is for the EIT to boost Europe's innovation capacity by creating the entrepreneurs of tomorrow and by ensuring that the European 'knowledge triangle' is a match for the world's best. Its KICs focus on major societal challenges and the Institute acts as a catalyst for the take-up and exploitation of new technologies and research.
The EIT and its KICs are set up in a way which ensures that red-tape is kept to the minimum and that they have the flexibility to adapt quickly to new or emerging needs and opportunities, so that they can deliver effective results. The Commission wants the EIT to be a model for simplification.
Students, researchers and entrepreneurs are at the heart of its innovation drive. Its education dimension creates new opportunities for career development and pathways between academia and the private sector.
Its first KICs have been operating for a relatively short period but have already demonstrated their impact. Since the launch of the KICs, 27 start-up companies have been created and 35 patents are in the pipeline; more than 800 graduate students have or are presently enrolled on KIC Master/PhD programmes and summer schools. In addition, the first three KICs have brought together more than 280 partners from the worlds of education, research and business.
By 2020, the Commission expects the EIT to provide an impetus for the creation of up to 600 start-up companies and to support 10 000 Master's students and 10 000 PhDs, focused on science and entrepreneurship.
What are the next steps?
The Commission has proposed a Strategic Innovation Agenda which sets the EIT's priorities for 2014-2020. These are: consolidating the existing KICs, establishing six new ones and enhancing the impact of the EIT across Europe. This foresees sharing the knowledge gained from the KICs with the widest possible audience through, for example, fellowship schemes, an alumni network and a stakeholder forum. These measures would be complemented by efforts to make the governance of the EIT more efficient and by putting in place a new monitoring system to assess the performance of the EIT and the KICs. The monitoring system will enable the EIT to benchmark its performance against its own objectives and best practices at European and global level.
How were the themes for the six new KICs selected? What criteria were used to define their scope?
The Commission has proposed that the EIT should set up three new KICs in 2014, on innovation for healthy living and active ageing; raw materials - sustainable exploration, extraction, processing, recycling and substitution; and food for the future – a sustainable supply chain from resources to consumers. It will set up three more in 2018, on urban mobility, added value manufacturing, and smart secure societies. The selected themes focus on economic and societal challenges. The new KICs will also contribute to the goals of Horizon 2020 and the Europe 2020 agenda for jobs and sustainable growth.
The draft Strategic Innovation Agenda submitted to the Commission by the EIT governing board in June 2011 was the basis for selecting the themes for the new KICs. In parallel, criteria were developed to ensure an objective assessment of the innovation potential of each proposed theme. These criteria were assessed with the wider innovation community through a public consultation.
How much funding is the Commission proposing that the EIT will receive in 2014-2020?
The EIT has received €308.7 million from the EU budget since 2008 for its start-up phase. As part of its Horizon 2020 proposal, the Commission envisages significantly stepping up its support for the EIT, with a budget of nearly €3.2 billion in 2014-2020.
The budget is being increased to enable the first three KICs to consolidate and grow, and to pave the way for the creation of the six new KICs by 2018. On average, the EIT contributes up to 25% of the global KIC budget. The amount distributed to each KIC may vary, since the budgetary needs of each differs and a portion of EIT funding is distributed to KICs on a competitive basis.
How will the EIT secure funding from other sources?
The EIT funding model builds on the strengths and resources of the partners involved in the KICs. Only 25% of the funding of the KICs is provided by the EIT; the remainder comes from other sources, including the KIC partners.
Initial experience has shown a very high level of commitment from industrial partners. The KICs have also received additional public funding from national and regional sources. The German government, for example, has allocated €50 million over a 5-year period for the "Software Campus" education initiative run by the ICT Labs KIC.
Why are the co-location centres so concentrated geographically?
Co-location centres, and – in the case of Climate KIC, regional implementation and innovation centres (RICs) – are located across Europe. In addition, the operations of the KICs and their partners are spread more widely than the sites of the co-location centres might suggest. For example, KIC InnoEnergy's co-location centre 'Iberia' has its seat in Barcelona, but its activities and partners cover other regions of Spain as well as Portugal.
The EIT has only recently started to function, and as its activities enlarge, it will expand further across Europe. Under the EIT umbrella, the Commission is determined to promote connections between excellent institutions wherever they are in Europe. This is one of the main priorities outlined in the Strategic Innovation Agenda.
What is being done to make the EIT more attractive for business, especially SMEs?
While preserving the EIT's necessary flexibility, the Commission has proposed measures to streamline the EIT's decision-making and implementing procedures. The themes for new KICs were selected according to their potential for creating new business opportunities.
Business involvement in the EIT and its KICs is already significant and increasing. To date, the KICs have more than 280 partners, of which 113 (nearly 40%) are business organisations. The Climate-KIC, for instance, involves a large number of regional SMEs. Industrial partners contribute around a third of the InnoEnergy KIC's budget, which totals €290 million. In the case of the EIT ICT Labs, the budget share from industrial partners is 20%.
Companies – both large multinationals and SMEs – are attracted by the EIT’s business-oriented and long-term approach to innovation, as well as its focus on flexibility and efforts to ensure simpler and clearer rules.
What is the role of the EIT within Horizon 2020?
Within Horizon 2020, the EIT will play a crucial role in fostering innovation by combining excellent education, research and business. The EIT puts education at the centre of innovation and the KICs will spur a Europe-wide network of 'eco-systems' which will allow entrepreneurs to turn new ideas into marketable products and services.
The EIT meets the Horizon 2020 "tackling societal challenges" objective, complementing other initiatives as part of the wider strategy. It will also contribute to "industrial leadership and competitive frameworks" by stimulating results-driven research and fostering the creation of innovative SMEs with high-growth potential. The EIT further contributes to the creation of an "excellent science base" by fostering mobility across disciplines, sectors and countries.
Horizon 2020 provides the necessary simplification and flexibility to ensure that the EIT can fully exploit its innovation potential, showcase new approaches and attract the business community. It encourages the EIT to make full use of its autonomy so that it can respond quickly to new or emerging needs.
What successes has the EIT achieved since its launch?
Climate KIC and Naked Energy
Naked Energy, a business start-up based in the UK, created a hybrid solar panel that generates electricity and heat. The Climate-KIC identified the product as an innovation in solar technology and worked with Naked Energy to present the technology to a selection of partners including hospitals, schools and retail estates. These meetings led to an agreement with a major supermarket retailer, Sainsbury’s, to start a pilot scheme. The company won the Climate-KIC venture competition in 2011 and the EIT Entrepreneurship Award in 2012.
EIT ICT Labs and Trifense
Trifense, a spin-off from the Technical University of Berlin, seeks to protect a company or organisation from cyber-security threats. Trifense won the EIT ICT Labs Award and is now working with the KIC on one of its thematic action lines, “Future media and content delivery”. The results are emerging in innovative security solutions. Cooperation with the KIC has helped Trifense to establish a wide range of new business and research connections.
KIC InnoEnergy and NOEM - Think Co2
NOEM - Think Co2 came up with a concept for an energy-efficient, pre-fabricated, modular house that can be erected in days, and at a price per square meter of less than €2000. The buildings can be dismantled even faster to be moved to another location, and can be expanded to meet greater demands for space. The company, located in Barcelona (Spain), won the EIT Entrepreneurship Award for Sustainable Energy and is now working hand-in-hand with KIC InnoEnergy to develop and market the product.
HULT Global Case Challenge
A team representing the European Institute of Innovation and Technology and KIC InnoEnergy won second prize in the final of one of the world's leading business competitions, the HULT Global Case Challenge, in April 2012.
The five-strong team, who presented a project aimed at boosting the use of solar power in Africa, were on a Master's course sponsored by the European Union and KIC InnoEnergy. Thousands of students, representing over 130 countries and six continents, competed across five cities and online to reach the final, which took place at New York Public Library in the presence of former US President Bill Clinton and Nobel Peace Prize Winner Muhammad Yunus. | <urn:uuid:dd9fd294-0b51-4ab3-a3c6-a19b45a0c09b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-12-839_en.htm?locale=FR | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949962 | 2,291 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Features of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in France
Автор: Kalchuk Andrey Yuryevich, Romashkina Valeriya Anatolyevna
Статья в выпуске: 1 (65), 2021 года.
The article describes the features of the development of small and medium-sized businesses in France. The main purpose of the paper is to determine the role of these entities in the national economy. The paper draws our attention to the incentives and disincentives for business development, as well as the position of France in international business ratings. It gives a detailed analysis of dynamics, industry and geographical structure of the small and medium-sized business, including trends in the development of innovative enterprises and startups. Much attention is given to the government support for small businesses, COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the development of the economic entities.
Small and medium-sized businesses, entrepreneurship, government support, r&d
Короткий адрес: https://readera.org/143176166 | <urn:uuid:c91a4432-ee7c-48c9-aeca-9ef908bf1f83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://readera.org/osobennosti-razvitija-malogo-i-srednego-predprinimatelstva-vo-francii-143176166-en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.886923 | 272 | 1.75 | 2 |
Spill Kits for Fuel Storage Sites
Spill Kits for Fuels and Oils
Spill Kits should always be located near or within a fuel storage area. A spill kit should also be placed remotely from the fuel storage tank in case during a spill event it is not possible to reach the spill kit close by. This is the advice specified in the Environment Agency Pollution Prevention Guidelines PPG26: 7. Dealing with spillages.
Fuel spill kits for fuel storage sites should contain materials such as fuel absorbents, drain seals, leak sealing putty, over drums and personal protective equipment.
Vectec Ltd can supply a range of spill kits from small kits designed to store in workshops and vehicles to larger kits ideal for storing in fuel tank cabinets and near fuel islands – sizes available from 20 litre to 200 litre capacity kits. We also supply reusable and washable drain covers that form a quick, liquid tight seal for drain protection.
Our spill kits absorb fuels and oils while repelling water. We also can supply spill kits for Adblue Storage areas. Smaller kits come in a handy bag with carry handle or strap and the larger spill kits are in a plastic wheeled bin.
General Purpose Spill Kits
General purpose spill kits are also available in 20, 50, 100 and 200 litre capacity kits. These kits are for water and oil based products. They absorb Adblue, antifreeze and screen wash solutions, oil and water.
Vectec Ltd can offer fuel spill response training sessions and advise on the correct use of spill kit equipment. | <urn:uuid:299aeae4-1c3b-4d52-ab88-43e45f278215> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vectec.co.uk/services/spill-kits-for-fuel-storage-sites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.935388 | 321 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Female binge drinking has doubled6th May 2009
A study by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation has revealed that the percentage of women who binge drink has doubled since the 1990s.
Its figures show that 15% of women now binged on alcohol each week, compared with 23% of men. The foundation commissioned researchers from Oxford Brookes University to look at a range of sources for the research, including Office for National Statistics data and government reports. The studies used suggested weekly intakes for women was currently nine to 10 units of alcohol, up from six to seven.
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Title: Female binge drinking has doubled
Author: Mark Nicholls
Article Id: 11257
Date Added: 6th May 2009 | <urn:uuid:f7ef12c4-415c-44eb-9e10-eb942560fc72> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthcare-today.co.uk/news/female-binge-drinking-has-doubled/11257/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00128-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948942 | 182 | 1.648438 | 2 |
New school project on target
The project to build a new K-12 school complex is on target to go out for bid in February, 2013, Grand Coulee Dam School District Superintendent Dr. Dennis Carlson said this week.
A number of things are happening simultaneously as final drawings are being prepared.
A consultant was in the district this week taking inventory of the things in present schools that will be able to be moved to the new school complex.
At the same time, the district is getting prepared to send representatives to California to view and discuss new furniture needs with a supplier. The supplier is paying the cost of the visit.
Plans will be ready to be examined and commented on sometime in December. Carlson stated that when plans have been finally adjusted they will be presented in a public meeting.
After the bids are awarded, actual work preparing the site and building a retaining wall will commence in four to five weeks, Carlson said.
The site level at the Wright Elementary location will be raised about five feet, the superintendent said.
School patrons will see actual construction activity probably about May, Carlson stated.
The district is still on target to open the new facility to students in the fall of 2014.
The classroom part of the project should come in around $29 million at today's prices, Carlson said. | <urn:uuid:186e5ec2-8909-4f1d-8c3c-123883243761> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.grandcoulee.com/story/2012/11/21/news/new-school-project-on-target/1460.html?m=false | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00436-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956662 | 266 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Jupiter, known as ‘Brihaspati’ or ‘Guru’ in Hindi and many other Indian languages, is believed to rule both Moon and Sun and is also believed to control the movement of the planets. Jupiter is the ruler of the fire sign Sagittarius. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system; it influences the growth, development and prospect of an individual. Jupiter indicates high ambitions, knowledge and accomplishments. It stands for the higher mind, wisdom, enthusiasm, optimism, liberality, and generosity.
Jupiter is believed to influence journeys on foreign seas, world travel, and money and power achieved through great enterprises. Astrologically it also influences the priests, religious teachers, ministers, politicians and all other people with high ambitions. People under the control of Jupiter are cheerful, energetic and harmonious. If the control of Jupiter goes missing, it leads to pessimism, feelings of inadequacy, depression, and lethargy. Known as the planet of luck, Jupiter is responsible for all the success, fortune, intellect and religious aspects of our lives. Jupiter also is very influential when the general quality of one’s life is concerned.
Jupiter represents Thurs day and the yellow colours.It is regarded as significator for 2nd, 5th and 9th houses. The Sun, Moon and Mars are the natural friends whereas Mercury and Venus are enemies to him.Rahu, Ketu and Saturn adopts neutrality to this Planet. Jupiter stands exalted in the 4th house and the 10th house is the house of his debilitation position.
Jupiter provides good result if placed in houses 1st, 5th, 8th, 9th and 12th but 6th, 7th and the 10th are the bad houses for him. Jupiter gives bad results when Venus or mercury get placed in the 10th house of a horoscope chart.However,Jupiter never gives bad results if placed alone in any house. A malefic Jupiter affects the Ketu (Son) very adversely. Jupiter offers malefic results if it is placed with Saturn.Rahu or Ketu in a horoscope.
Jatinder Pal Singh Sandhu
- Dear all ,
Astrology is a passion turned profession for me ,i have been around as an amateur since a decade i believe in the theory of karma or effort . Throughout my study of astrology i have devised simple solutions and suggestions to make your life better in all the aspects of life .I look forward to helping you define your goals, develop solutions - and realize them! So what are you waiting for, contact me at [email protected] for simple and effective solutions.consultations will be chargeable@Rs1350 and for overseas Clients-Rs 2500 Per horoscope .Clients and NRI'S from abroad please note that I do not have a pay pal Account, you can use western union,money gram or xoom for money transfer.( Charges @Rs 2500 per horoscope) Indian Individuals - charges @ Rs 1350 per horoscope.Fedral bank account number-16610100030400.For NRI ,Overseas residents and on assignments abroad @ Rs 2500 Per horoscope. Jatinder pal singh sandhu ,Patiala(Punjab) IFSC code-FDRL0001661 Location -Patiala, My full name Jatinder pal singh sandhu.
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Sunday, July 25, 2010
Jupiter: effects and importance in Indian astrology
Astrology is a passion turned profession for me ,i have been around as an amateur since a decade i believe in the theory of karma or effort . Throughout my study of astrology i have devised simple solutions and suggestions to make your life better in all the aspects of life .I look forward to helping you define your goals, develop solutions - and realize them! So what are you waiting for, contact me at [email protected] for simple and effective solutions.
consultations will be chargeable@Rs1350 and for overseas Clients-Rs 2500 Per horoscope . | <urn:uuid:24cfaa6b-ba3f-4682-88e3-131b959dc0af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bharatiyajyotishmantrasaadhana.blogspot.com/2010/07/jupiter-effects-and-importance-in.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899639 | 951 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Do you have trouble believing that Jesus really rose from the grave? If you do, you are not by yourself. After all, resurrections are scientifically impossible, and resurrection has never happened to anyone, at least not since about 30 A.D. But, your doubt or disbelief might bother you, because as the Apostle Paul wrote to the church in Corinth, “If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins.” (1 Cor. 15:17). It appears, at least according to the Apostle Paul, that belief in the Resurrection of Christ is essential for Christians.
Did it happen?
One can argue, of course, that the Resurrection of Christ is a miracle, and that if there were a scientific explanation, it would not be such a big deal. We would have no reason to celebrate Easter. So if one acknowledges that the Resurrection was a miracle, if it did indeed occur, overcoming one’s doubts about it might require taking a huge leap of faith. Or one might find meaning in the Resurrection as a myth. Or settle for a Gospel that ends with Jesus’ death.
But even if one is willing to accept that God performs miracles, the accounts of the Resurrection in the four gospels throw us several curves that make those accounts especially hard to accept. All four gospels describe the disciples and women finding an empty tomb on Sunday morning. Then the gospels tell of the resurrected Jesus suddenly disappearing from sight (Luke 24:31), eating (Luke 24:41-43), and walking through locked doors (John 20:19-20, 26).
Perhaps the Apostle Paul’s account is easier to believe, because he does not describe such preposterous acts. 1 Corinthians 15:3-8 is actually believed to be the earliest account of appearances of the risen Christ: For I handed on to you as of first importance what I in turn had received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures, and he was buried, and that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephus, then to the twelve. Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers and sisters at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have died. Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me. The scriptures Paul referred to are the Jewish scriptures, mostly what Christians today call the Old Testament. The word for “appeared” is the Greek word used to describe visionary experiences, such as the vision of the risen Christ that Paul had on the road to Damascus. For some, it might be easier to believe in the Resurrection if one thinks of it as manifest in visions. This kind of thinking does not necessarily deny that the Resurrection was miraculous. Paul certainly regarded it as miraculous. There are several interesting things to note about the above passage. There is no mention of appearances to women, except for their inclusion among the five hundred witnesses that came after the appearances to Cephus (Peter) and the twelve. Another thing that is puzzling is Paul’s mention of “the twelve,” suggesting that Judas Iscariot also might have been one to witness an appearance. There is no mention of an empty tomb anywhere in Paul’s writing, nor is there a mention of the Ascension. Indeed, Jesus’ appearance to Paul on the road to Damascus would have occurred after the Ascension.
What the scriptures really tell us about the Resurrection and the Ascension is that no one has decidedly figured out exactly what happened. Or what kind of substance Jesus’ resurrected body contained. Let us we simply let that mystery be.
While there is understandable doubt among modern, scientifically minded people that Jesus’ Resurrection actually occurred, what is clear and almost irrefutable is that Jesus’ first followers, including some who had been close to Him before His death, believed in it beyond a shadow of a doubt. One wonders why they would have been so convinced and so passionately engaged in the Gospel ministry had the Resurrection event not really taken place.
You may doubt the Resurrection. I have my doubts sometimes, too. And you may choose to dismiss it as a historical event. Perhaps you just find meaning in the myth. I believe that it was real a historical event. And that it is real (present tense).
Now I think there is a crucial question that takes us beyond the certainty we might have that the Resurrection really did happen. That is, assuming that it did happen, what did it mean? What does it mean to the believer today?
What does it mean?
We might start by asking what the Resurrection might have meant to the Jews who witnessed it, who heard about it, and who made up the early Christian Church. The Jews of the first century were familiar with the idea of resurrection of a body. While the early Hebrews did not believe in a life after death, the idea of a resurrection in the Last Days began appearing in Jewish apocalyptic literature during or after the Babylonian Exile. Early references to resurrection in the Old Testament appear in Isaiah 26:19 and Daniel 12:2. By the time of Jesus, many Jews believed there would be a resurrection of the dead at a future time. The Pharisees believed in it, and Saul of Tarsus (who was later called Paul) was a Pharisee. This resurrection was not thought of as a return of one’s spirit but a transformation of one’s body. Hebrew tradition did not make a marked distinction between body and spirit.
The meaning of the Resurrection of Christ to the earliest believers is probably reflected in the Apostle Paul’s account of the Resurrection that appears in the 15th chapter of 1 Corinthians:
But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who have died. For since death came through a human being, the resurrection of the dead has also come through a human being; for as all die in Adam, so all will be made alive in Christ. But each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ. Then come the end, when he hands over the kingdom to God the Father, after he has destroyed every ruler and every authority and power. (vs. 20-24).
This indicates that to Paul, Christ’s Resurrection was the first of many that would occur at the end of the age. And it is through His Resurrection that death is conquered so that we who belong to God might rise as well.
It is worthwhile to note that Paul regarded the Resurrection as an act of God, not as something Jesus did on His own. The theology that Jesus was God incarnate had not crystallized among believers by the time this epistle was written, which was around 55 AD. Paul’s point is that God raised Jesus, and God will certainly raise us. It is tempting to say that it was the Resurrection that convinced early believers to regard Jesus as God, but that argument is weak because the Jewish Christians believed that we too will rise one day, just as Jesus did. And we are not God.
Recall from an earlier blog post, Making Sense of the Cross the mention of the “Christus Victus” or “Victory” theory of Atonement, and note how Paul hails the Resurrection as accomplishing victory over death and evil.
In writing this post, I had to ask myself what the Resurrection means to me. It was not an easy question to answer, because I have not spent a lot of time thinking of its meaning. I have probably spent much more time just questioning and convincing myself that the Resurrection really took place. But if it is so important to me that it really happened, it must also have great meaning for my faith.
What if one cannot believe that it really happened? What if one believes the resurrection stories are myths? Is it still possible to find meaning in them? I asked several people that question.
One person said that like many myths, the resurrection narratives reflect a need we have to get reconnected at the end of the story with the divine. A need for seeing victory of good over evil.
Another person said that to her it represents a commitment to non-violence. After forgiving His enemies, Jesus arises in victory over them, although not with any interest in revenge. Instead, disciples are told to spread the Good News.
One person found meaning in how the Resurrection is manifest each day in the lives of humans. How people whose spirit is virtually dead can become transformed and alive with energy and renewal.
Finally, one person pointed out that in many facets of life on earth, death leads to life. If a seed dies, it sprouts new life. And the deaths of some organisms allow them to become food. And modern medicine has made it possible for some persons to donate organs for new life in others.
So what does the Resurrection mean to me? For one thing, since I believe that God did raise Jesus, I can believe that God is able to resurrect me. This is a comfort, because I find death to be very scary. It also means that Christ Jesus is alive! Now this might sound very trite to you. But I do not think of Jesus as a child might think of an imaginary playmate, an invisible figure that shadows my every step. To illustrate what I mean, please allow me to tell a couple of stories.
One of my former pastors, Brian Erickson, told of how he once spent a summer volunteering in one of Mother Teresa’s missions in Calcutta, India. When he first traveled to the mission he said he was filled with passion for “bringing Jesus to the suffering people of India.” That summer was a life altering experience for him, and what he saw turned his perspective around. He said he met each day with workers and volunteers in a prayer chapel for devotions and worship. Windows in the chapel were opened, so that the sounds from the street, including cries and moans of distress, could be heard. On the wall above the altar was a mural showing the wounded head of Jesus hanging on a cross. And the caption below the mural stated what is known today as one of the last words of Jesus before His death, “I thirst.”
Having morning prayers in that chapel while looking at that rendering of Christ’s passion caused Brian to think about the suffering on the streets outside, and how for so many people a simple cup of water would be a glorious token of the love of Christ. He also recalled Jesus’ words recorded in the 25th chapter of Matthew’s gospel, “I was thirsty, and you gave me drink.” While working in that mission, Brian came to realize that his passion for “bringing Jesus to the suffering people” was misguided. Indeed, by showing compassion to these people, he was meeting Jesus. Jesus was there already. And alive.
Now when I heard Brian tell this, I had been involved in Kairos Prison Ministry for about a decade. While we ministry volunteers often traced our purpose back to Jesus’ words in Matthew 25, “I was in prison and you visited me,” I still mostly thought of my work as bringing Jesus into the prison. But listening to Brian tell his story caused me to rethink my ministry’s purpose. Several years before I had met an inmate at a maximum security facility, and he had told me that the crime that had landed him in prison was raping a twelve-year-old girl. While we ministry volunteers are counseled to never ask an inmate why they are in prison, we know that sometimes they will choose to tell us without our asking. I do not know why this man told me about his crime, but his telling me kindled an anger greater than I would have felt had he confessed murder or rape of an adult. I understood that I was supposed to show love to the prisoners. In order to show love, it is necessary to forgive. I did not feel love, nor did I feel like forgiving this man, so I prayed at that moment for God to make it possible for me to forgive this inmate and love him. God answered my prayer, and I explained to this person that it was difficult for me to hear his confession, but that I still knew that there was nothing that God could not forgive, and that God loved him and so did I.
After hearing my pastor tell his story about Calcutta, I thought back to the time I had met this prisoner. I discovered that despite the nature of his crime, I saw Jesus in him. This criminal actually ministered to me by causing me to allow God to take my own weakness and supply His power to love and forgive someone who I was not capable of loving by my own strength. Jesus was alive in this man. Now I know that Jesus is alive in the prisons and is waiting for me to bring myself and submit to his great and mighty love.
We seek to bring Jesus to the world, but Jesus is already in the world. He is not only in the nice bright parts of the world, but He is also in the dark corners of the earth. And He is alive. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it. (John 1:5).
If you ask people what the Resurrection means to them, you will encounter people, some identifying as Christian, who simply do not believe in it. You will find some who believe it really happened in history, and you will find some who recognize it as a myth. Too often, persons who embrace an interpretation variant from the traditional view taught by their church are ridiculed, viewed as heretics, and warned of being deceived by Satan. The important thing for us to remember is, regardless of what we think, to listen to these points of view, respect them, learn from them, and encourage the person to continue his or her quest for truth and meaning.
Note: I have no control over the advertisements appearing on this blog. I do not necessarily recommend the products or services of any of the advertisers. | <urn:uuid:f206c699-4cd7-4795-825d-58e3c7b1a441> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nonfundamentalistswelcome.blog/2018/04/25/dead-man-walking-eating-passing-through-locked-doors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.981501 | 2,917 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Develop a presentation that describes mobile marketing in general and its advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages of Mobile Advertisements
One of the main advantages of mobile advertisement is coverage. For example, virgin airlines have over 585,000 followers and have followed or connected with over 6,440 other companies. The airlines have also twitted or sent 178,000 messages since the twitter account was opened and has received over 12.7k likes to its messages mostly advertisements.
This means that each advertisement made on Twitter reaches 585,000 clients without costs. Virgin Airlines sends an advertisement to all the customers without incurring a single cost as the Twitter platform is free and messaging on the platform is free (Slama & Singley, 1996)
Twitter can be and is being used by the virgin airlines to engage its clients. For example, the marketing department can collect data or input from the customers and use the information to improve their service packages. Additionally, it is important to note that Virgin Airlines has in the past used the platform to address the customer complaint
Ease of content development
Creating content and advisement for a mobile platform is easy as the marketers can tweet and share their advertisement over the mobile phones while on the move as opposed to the traditional advertisement that took months to develop
Access to the millennial- unreached targets
It is a common knowledge that millennial rarely read newspapers and magazines but are tech savvy. The millennial and the younger generations can be reached over the internets such as mobile marketing platform like social media as opposed to the traditional marketing channels such as radio and televisions (Slama & Singley, 1996)
Disadvantages of Mobile Advertisements
It is difficult to measure social media marketing because there are no clears metrics for social media marketing
Secondly, privacy and security issues in mobile marketing can limits the success of mobile media marketing. Many users are known to protect their privacy and this means that they will use ad blockers to prevent mobile adverts from displaying in their mobiles phones
Finally, platform incompatibility is also another major issue as moist advertisement would not display properly in the mobile platforms.'
2. Will the FTC's requirements regarding ads and endorsers make Twitter less effective as an advertising medium for the aviation industry
The Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) Endorsement Guides on Twitter ads indicates that the airline, which is one of the most frequent users of Twitter for ads, has to fully disclose all the information desired by the targeted markets in their adverts. Whether Virgin Airlines is using celebrities to market or endorse its services, Virgin Airlines has to start with the three characters- ads: for the audiences to differentiate between an advertisement or endorsement and just informative peace (FTC, 2018). This also means that Virgin Airlines may not be able to mislead the audiences through implied or expressed claims in their advertisements (Slama & Singley, 1996).
Virgin Airlines would be held responsible for deception in their advertisement on twitter that starts with the words AD: All claims whether implied or expressed would be considered an advertisement and the company are requires providing a full disclosure within the 40-character advertisement. The impact of such directive is that Virgin Airlines would have to reconsider the nature of messages sent over Virgin Airlines' tweeter handle to avoid possible legal actions in the event of adverse outcomes that can be associated directly with the advertisement in the social media. The directive carries a burden to the airlines that mean that the airline has to be responsible for all ads and non-ad messages on Twitter. Virgin Airlines must also be response for implied and expressed claims as well as any subliminal messages that can be considered an advertisement by the clients.
Based on the truth-in-advertisement laws, the airlines would have to either provide facts and ensure that there is scientific evidence backing the claims made in the advertisements without which the FTC could file a court case in case their investigation indicates that the airline's practices are unfair or are deceptive based on the FTC Act (FTC, 2018)
FTC. (2018). The FTC's Endorsement Guides: What People Are Asking. Retrieved from https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/ftcs-endorsement-guides-what-people-are-asking
Slama, M., & Singley, R. (1996). Self-Monitoring and Value-Expressive vs. Utilitarian Ad Effectiveness: Why the Mixed Findings?. Journal Of Current Issues & Research In Advertising, 18(2), 39-52. doi: 10.1080/10641734.1996.10505050
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Imagine that you ran your own car company. Wouldn't you love to increase your sales and marketing budget by $1 billion? Or pour an additional billion dollars into research & development? Or add another $1 billion to your cash reserve? Or enhance shareholder value by buying back $5 billion in stock? Of course you'd love to. In fact, you'd want to do it all at the same time.
And you can. And so can every other automaker in the business. Not only is it entirely possible, I believe it will happen.
The reason it will is that each of the world's largest automakers has almost $8 billion locked up inside its annual budget. It's called the capital budget and represents all the money it spends on new factories, plant expansions and new equipment.
The question is: How do you free up all that capital investment? And the answer is: Don't spend it! Instead, move that capital burden off your books and onto suppliers' books. How? Outsource all manufacturing operations to the supplier industry. Let suppliers make all the engines and transmissions and assemble all the cars.
You don't think it's possible? We're already starting to see it happen. The industry is taking steps toward unloading its capital burden onto suppliers.Motor Co. gave its transmission plant in Batavia, OH, to German supplier . And it's turning its Windsor and Essex aluminum casting plants over to its joint venture, Nemak.
Corp. and both unloaded Delphi and Visteon, respectively, in good part because they didn't want to have to keep investing their hard-earned capital into making components. DaimlerChrysler AG allowed Corp. to build a rolling chassis for it in Brazil so that it could reduce its capital investment at its plant at Campo Largo. All three automakers now are forcing their molding and stamping suppliers to bear all the cost for developing new molds and dies. And the list goes on and on.
Automakers want to avoid capital spending because they want to reduce the cost of raising that money (by borrowing, selling bonds, or issuing stock). These companies also are using new ways to measure the performance of their managers that discourages those executives from spending money to acquire new assets. Whether it's EVA (economic value added) or RONA (return on net assets), managers know they are being measured by - and know their careers now hinge on - how judiciously they spend the shareholders' money.
They have to do this because Wall Street has beaten auto stocks down to deplorable price-to-earnings ratios - in large part because automakers have such large amounts of fixed assets. Investors know that in any downturn these companies still will have to spend huge amounts of money to run and maintain their facilities, unlike the New Economy companies, which are knowledge-intensive, not capital-intensive.
So automakers are searching for ways to become less capital-intensive. And they've recognized that outsourcing this capital burden to suppliers is the fastest, easiest way to pull it off.
Most importantly, suppliers have the wherewithal to do it all. They can make virtually all the parts needed on a car, and even do the final assembly. In fact, many automakers already source some of their engines, transmissions, bodies, chassis and interiors to suppliers. Some of them even outsource the final assembly of some of their cars. Now they just have to bite the bullet and outsource all of it.
Undoubtedly, unions will object. But they've already shown a reluctant willingness to go along with major outsourcing moves as long as their members maintain their union contract and are able to protect their wages and benefits. That's how GM was able to spin off Detroit Diesel,, Delco Remy and . Ford was able to spin off by keeping those workers as its employees.
One way automakers could offload the capital-intensive side of their business would be to take their manufacturing operations and spin them off as separate companies. Imagine aMfg. Co., or Ford Mfg. Co. that would be free to manufacture and assemble products for any automaker (or supplier), just as and are now free to sell components to anyone. In fact, this could do more to rationalize the excess capacity that now exists in the industry than anything an individual automaker could do.
As I've written before, automakers only have to keep three core competencies in house: 1. Design the product. 2. Manage the program. 3. Market the brand. Everything else can be outsourced.
Naturally, the automakers that are the benchmarks in manufacturing will be the last to outsource these operations. But I believe that ultimately they will. After all, at some point in time they're going to have to unlock all that money tied up in their capital budgets to be able to compete with those who already have. | <urn:uuid:e166dd8c-7f7e-46f2-9685-15a2c06d213b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wardsauto.com/news-analysis/outsource-it-all | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00045-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970402 | 991 | 1.757813 | 2 |
''This Society Does Not Want Extremism''
Mr Barghouti, the impact of the Arab Spring is also being felt in the autonomous Palestinian territories – most evidently at the present time in the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip. The Assad regime, long an ally of Hamas, has completely discredited itself politically and morally. It was this that led to the Hamas withdrawal from Damascus. How much of an influence do events in Syria have on Hamas?
Mustafa Barghouti: There is one positive aspect that I myself have also noticed in my dealings with Hamas. The success of the Arab Spring – particularly in countries such as Egypt and Tunisia – shows us just how potent a force non-violence can be. I have been an advocate of non-violence for more than ten years. During the last Hamas meeting in Cairo one could see that the organisation had changed its position and actually decided to take the path of non-violence. It seems to me that the changes in the Arab world have had quite a considerable influence in this respect.
Does this mean that Hamas is also changing in strategic and ideological terms?
Barghouti: In my opinion it has definitely changed in regard to three points. Firstly, it has now accepted the two-state solution.
Secondly, it now accepts non-violence; it is adopting forms of civil resistance. This is something the organisation made very clear recently in Cairo. And thirdly – though we still have to see how serious it is on this point – it has accepted the idea of a democratic electoral system, though this, too, is a point that has not yet been put to the test.
But if we take it that Hamas really has accepted these three principles, then this will mean significant changes. For me, this is an encouraging sign, because it shows that currently something is happening.
Is this the view of everyone in Hamas?
Barghouti: No, definitely not. There are certainly many different opinions there. But it is these differences of opinion that reflect the reactions to the change. In my opinion, though, the majority will support the new course.
What do you see as the most urgent tasks to be undertaken in the coming months?
Barghouti: There are three issues upon which we now need to concentrate. First of all on a non-violent resistance for the benefit of Palestinian liberty in the struggle for freedom from occupation. Secondly, on achieving real democratic change. This is why we are firmly opposed to any consolidation of the internal division of Palestine. It is something that prevents Palestinian society from gaining experience in democratic processes. And thirdly, we advocate social justice.
We want to have social as well as political democracy. We believe that these three elements could provide the foundations upon which a free Palestinian society and state can be constructed.
You mentioned "social democracy". What does that mean?
Barghouti: For me, democracy is not only about political freedom, elections and maintaining a balance of power. The word also implies a certain degree of social justice and respect for the needs of the underprivileged. It is about helping women to achieve independence, and young people to develop their skills. The fair distribution of incomes is also something that needs to be discussed. Equal opportunities for everyone. The term also implies good education and health systems that are available to everyone.
The demonstrations by young Palestinians in recent months have shown that they have a great deal of sympathy with secular ideas. How do you view this development?
Barghouti: This society does not want extremism. The people are in favour of a balanced political system. At the same time, they are also very concerned by the lack of democracy, which is due mainly to the internal divisions within Palestine. They welcome the idea of a political system based on civil and secular ideals.
The fact that there is very little scope for democracy to grow due to the concentration of power in the executive authorities – in both the West Bank and Gaza – is something that they find very disturbing. It is a situation that has led many people to demand real democratic alternatives.
Palestinian-Israeli negotiations seem to be making little progress at the moment. Why?
Barghouti: Unfortunately in Israel at the present time there is a worrying shift towards the far right is taking place. The world's longest-running occupying regime can be described as an apartheid regime.
"Apartheid" is a strong word. Why do you say that?
Barghouti: It is apartheid because it involves a situation where two groups of people living in the same country have two different law systems applied to them.
This can only change if we change the parameters of the conflict. To do that, we will require non-violent resistance and a strong display of international solidarity. But it will also require cooperation with those among the Israelis who understand that our struggle is not only for the freedom of the Palestinians but also for the freedom of the Israeli people from this last colonial system.
Will the Arab Spring also influence the Israeli attitude towards the Palestinians?
Barghouti: Yes. The Israelis may be closing their eyes to this development at the moment, but they will have to acknowledge it eventually. The changes in the Arab world are so fundamental that it would be a big mistake on Israel's part were it to forget that the Palestinian-Israeli question is one that is crucial to all other relations in the region.
Interview: Kersten Knipp
© Deutsche Welle/Qantara.de 2012
Mustafa Barghouti is a Palestinian politician, doctor and civil liberties campaigner. He lives in Ramallah. In 2002 he and the literary scholar Edward Said were among the founding members of the social democratic "Palestine National Initiative" which sees itself as providing a third way, between the options of Hamas and Fatah.
Editors: Arian Fariborz, Lewis Gropp/Qantara.de | <urn:uuid:30b280a7-ec01-428d-8255-bbff0319c768> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://en.qantara.de/content/interview-with-mustafa-barghouti-this-society-does-not-want-extremism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00206-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966036 | 1,204 | 1.601563 | 2 |
How to Draw a Sea Lion
- Drawing Tutorials
- Zoo Animals
- How to Draw a Sea Lion
Begin with Drawing a medium oval and a leaf like small oval.
Join them both and create a base for the neckline.
Create other L-Shaped two figures for the feet. and Oval for a tail.
Now join them all and create a base for the body.
Further, enhance the tail and the hands.
Make the eyes and enhance the face.
Complete the drawing by enhancing the overall figure and do the required. | <urn:uuid:e9dac23f-2eac-4ff4-b817-1d60ed5291a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drawingtutorials101.com/how-to-draw-a-sea-lion | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.880594 | 123 | 3.25 | 3 |
This whole security issue should be solvable. I like Intel's approach but we're up against some big issues that are designed to make commerce more convenient.
But the problem isn't convenience itself. The problem is that making the most profit out of every click, transaction, whatever, is what's turning into the PRIMARY driver of technology.
The computer resources devoted to fighting Malware are staggering - often greater than the time the computer spends doing "productive" work. Anything that can be done to improve security and CPU availability for the hapless human user would be much appreciated. Furthermore, current malware checking software is the cause of an inordinate number of computer lock-ups and issues. That said, the fundamental issue I see with hardware security is that it is relatively "fixed". When hackers have a stationary target, they can be devastating.
After I loaded McAfee on one of my computers, I could not get rid of it. I understand the need for security, but I refuse to turnover complete control of my system to someone else.
There are many ways in which a secure working environment can be implemented for home and business systems.
The latest McAfee approach is not one of them. I now consider their software as dangerous as any virus I ever accidentally loaded.
Just my opinion. | <urn:uuid:a5e8039a-878d-4e2f-b55f-260ec0bf8235> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eetimes.com/messages.asp?piddl_msgthreadid=40680&piddl_msgid=246511 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00182-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959401 | 264 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Preparing for a miracle
Everyone needs a miracle.
Tess was eight years old when she heard her Mom and Dad talking about her little brother, Andrew. All she knew was he was very sick and they were completely out of money. Next month they were moving to an apartment because Daddy didn't have the money for both the doctor bills and house payment.
Only a very costly surgery could save her brother and no one would give them the money. Her Dad said, “Only a miracle can save him now.”
Tess went to her bedroom and pulled out a glass jar. She poured the change out and counted it carefully. She counted it three times. No chance here for mistakes.
Carefully placing the coins back in the jar, she slipped out the back door and made her way to the local drug store.
Tess waited patiently for the pharmacist to acknowledge her, but he was intently talking to another man. She made a scuffing noise with her feet and cleared her throat. But the pharmacist didn’t pay any attention to her.
Finally she took a quarter from her jar and banged it on the counter.
“And what do you want?” the pharmacist asked. “I'm talking to my brother from Chicago whom I haven't seen in ages.”
“I want to talk to you about my brother,” Tess answered. “He's really, really sick, and I want to buy a miracle.”
“I beg your pardon?” said the pharmacist.
“His name is Andrew and he has something bad growing inside his head and my Daddy says only a miracle can save him. So, how much does a miracle cost?”
“We don't sell miracles here, little girl. I'm sorry but I can't help you,” the pharmacist said, softening a little.
“I have the money to pay for it. If it isn't enough, I will get the rest. Just tell me how much it costs.”
The pharmacist's brother stooped down and asked, “What kind of a miracle does you brother need?”
“I don't know,” Tess replied with her eyes welling up. “I just know he's really sick and Mommy says he needs an operation, but my Daddy can't pay for it, so I want to use my money.”
“How much do you have?” asked the pharmacist's brother.
“One dollar and eleven cents,” Tess answered. “And it's all the money I have, but I can get some more if I need to.”
“Well, what a coincidence,” smiled the man. “A dollar and eleven cents...the exact price of a miracle for little brothers. Take me to where you live. I want to see your brother and meet your parents. Let's see if I have the kind of miracle you need.”
The pharmacist's brother was Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a surgeon from Chicago who specialized in neuro-surgery. The operation was completed without charge and it wasn't long until Andrew was home and doing well. Later, mom and dad were talking about the chain of events that had led them to this.
Her mom said, “That surgery was a real miracle. I wonder how much it would have cost?” Tess smiled. She knew exactly how much a miracle cost...one dollar and eleven cents.
We see another miracle, one of Jesus’ most famous. With a little boy’s lunch Jesus fed well over 15,000 people. Jesus is just as willing to do a miracle in your life. You may need a financial, health, relational, or a miracle for a family member or friend. Jesus is just as willing today as He was then.
Dennis Lee is the senior pastor of Living Waters Fellowship, 450 Hillside Drive in Mesquite. Worship services are Sundays at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. On the web: http://www.mesquitelivingwaters.com. | <urn:uuid:729b87c1-d165-4571-8dbf-191f95c1dc40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thespectrum.com/story/life/features/mesquite/2016/09/23/preparing-miracle/90786538/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.986273 | 873 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Environmental Management Plan
GUS has successfully worked in challenging environmentally sensitive areas under permit conditions issued by clients, and the Western Australian Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
Our Environmental Management Plan outlines GUS’s commitments and responsibilities to the natural, heritage and human environments.
Such environments include:
- Threatened species communities
- Environmentally sensitive areas
- Rivers, waterways and coastal areas
- National Parks and reserves
- Areas of historic value, and Aboriginal Heritage areas
- Places of public gathering i.e. schools, sports grounds, events, residential areas and hospitals.
Site Environmental Risk Assessment
Where required GUS conducts a Site Environmental Risk Assessment to identify any disturbance risks to the environment at a site. Environmental protection measures are put in place to minimise any risks found.
Disturbance risks to the environment include:
- Noise and dust
- Clearing native vegetation
- Erosion and sediment | <urn:uuid:97e10271-5672-4388-80fc-1a17fde6f53f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.geographeunderground.com.au/hseq/environment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.89528 | 206 | 2.296875 | 2 |
STEAMER CUT IN TWO IN FOG; 18 DROWNED; Crew of Frank H. Goodyear Car- ried Under by the Suction as She Sinks.
Special to The New York Times. ();
May 25, 1910,
, Section , Page 3, Column , words
PORT HURON, Mich., May 24 -- Eighteen persons are believed to have been drowned in Lake Huron when the big steel freighter, Frank H. Goodyear of Cleveland, was run down in a heavy fog and sunk twenty-five miles off Pointe Aux Barques by the freighter James B. Wood, also of Cleveland.
May 25, 1910
* Does not include NYT Now or Premium Crosswords subscribers.
Already a subscriber? Log in to view this article » | <urn:uuid:9606a5a7-c844-415b-84ef-dbf5ce2e8d57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE6D91530E233A25756C2A9639C946196D6CF&legacy=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00030-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91289 | 163 | 1.765625 | 2 |
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
An elementary school art project in West Los Angeles became the spark that not only ignited stronger ties between members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Catholics, but also introduced several hundred children, parents and teachers to the Los Angeles Temple Visitors’ Center.
Greg Gollaher, director of the visitors’ center, and his wife, Jill Gollaher, proposed the “Teachings of Jesus Christ Through the Eyes of a Child” art project to Sister Stella Maria, the principal at St. Paul the Apostle School in Westwood. Enthusiastically embracing the activity, art teachers at the school enlisted about 240 students in grades three to six. Additionally, about 40 Primary children in the Los Angeles California Stake participated. During the month-long project, as students received religious instruction in the stories and parables of Jesus’ life, they applied their learning in art class. Popular themes emerged: Jesus walking on water, the miracle of the loaves and the fishes, the Savior’s baptism and the story of Jesus changing water to wine.
The students’ artwork — in mediums from pastels and crayons to pencil, water colors and dark markers depicting various scenes from the Savior’s life — was displayed for a month on the Los Angeles Temple Visitors’ Center multipurpose room walls and seen by thousands of visitors as well as family members and school faculty. Occasionally, parents and family members of the Catholic faith would visit the art display after attending Sunday mass.
“It was a deep, spiritual experience for the children and the faculty,” said Sister Stella Maria. “It helped them see different aspects of the life of Christ. They all want to do it again.”
Sister Gollaher said, “We saw this as a way to demonstrate the love and respect shared by our religions in Jesus Christ. We also wanted to hold an interfaith event that would bring the Catholic community into the visitors’ center so we could build bridges of understanding where they would feel comfortable with us. Because we are neighbors of the school, we wanted to be friends.”
One of the highlights came when Sister Gollaher invited Sister Stella Maria to view the art display. Delighted with the breadth and creativity of the children’s work, she invited the entire faculty to see the exhibit. That opened the door to class-by-class visits by the students and their teachers to the center beginning with the third grade. When the fourth graders arrived, some wandered into the room with the 11-foot marble Christus statue, sparking an impromptu discussion with the sister missionaries about what members of the Church believe about Jesus Christ. After listening to the presentation narrative, more questions arose. Soon, word spread to the fifth and sixth grade classes about the Christus room, which became a favorite destination during the visitors’ center tour.
Satisfied that the project was a “win-win,” Sister Gollaher and Sister Stella Maria, who is retiring as principal after 47 years to become an art teacher at the school, have already agreed to do another joint project next year.
St. Paul the Apostle Church’s original building was completed in 1932, and three years later, the school facilities were reopened. The school is staffed by the Daughters of Mary and Joseph. The property is just north of the Los Angeles Temple, which opened in 1956, and the Visitors’ Center, which was remodeled in 2010.
The LDS Church News is an official publication of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The publication's content supports the doctrines, principles and practices of the Church. | <urn:uuid:b9c66630-09a5-4380-9628-e26bba545fe3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865606953/Bridging-the-gap-Catholic-students-artwork-displayed-at-temple-visitor-center.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00130-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966829 | 765 | 1.960938 | 2 |
In Acts 4:32-37, we see the fruit of the Holy Spirit in the church. Believers are united in heart and soul, sharing everything with each other so that no one among them had a need. In vv. 36-37, Joseph is given the name Barnabas, meaning “son of encouragement,” by the apostles, as he gained a reputation for his exorbitant generosity and sacrifice. This radical affection for the needy, the lost, and the suffering reflected the love of the One who first loved him – our savior, Jesus Christ! | <urn:uuid:6a07fe61-208f-4e3a-ab6b-f751a2150bce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://horizonchurch.org/podcast/my-business-is-your-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.955813 | 124 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Cost benefits analysis between the two choices
Electric internal combustion appliance such as AC, DC, and break gasoline appliance plays central roles in work. These technologies are utilized in the construction of food and a cold drink and also tabloid and plastics. Work, automotive, marine, and silk-screening commerce use these as well. Though, a time will arise when these motors halt down and stop functioning downright. It is replacing them would mean abstaining from shelling out other money on our part. Energy Rates to get them back in good working condition, gas-powered electric repairs are necessary. If we are an occupational manager or manager, part of our job is to make sure our business operations run competently. The character of a good director requires being bright to beat somebody to it any coming snags. Since your choices will significantly distress the speed of our company’s output, our duty always endures two steps ahead.
Consequently, if one of our diesel machines stops occupied, do you buy a new motor-powered right away, Or do we save that currency and deliberate in receipt of some upkeeps done instead If we are intelligent that there is extra to be expanded in ordering a new one, we are right. Yet, we must also consider the cost. As a director, we must be watchful of the corporate budget. Consequently, this is pardon has to be done. We required to make a charge benefit investigation among the two choices. By responsibility this, we will tell what will slog best.
- If you can’t manage to pay for an additional motor, find an establishment that does power-driven motor repairs. Accomplishment quality cares done in the workshop is usually less affluent and faster than abstaining from purchasing different equipment. Most syndicates can implement their motor wind back. This selection, however, canister inhibit your cracked motor’s efficacy level. It is why you would work for my part with a repair wage-earner. This discrete will make sure the rewind will not significantly move your machine’s efficiency. Usually, for our motor-powered to exertion as good as new, widespread rewind upkeeps necessary.
Countless firms are offering electric motor upkeeps, so do our research thoroughly. Before validation a bond with one, here are some facts for us to consider. Find one that provides customized reparation to suit our requests. Reminisce, the result of the repair be governed by the range of damage to the diesel-powered. More significant impairment could mean minor gambles of getting our motor rear to working order. Therefore, indicate a company that tin can give us the best results. As to service, one that is vacant on a 24/7 schedule is ideal. There are various firms that motivation in shifting diaries. Pickup and delivery requisite also be reflected. It would be not easy on our part to bring your instrument to the renovation shop for my part. Therefore, choose a company that provides onsite service. In case our damaged motors are heavy and massive, check near see if they have derricks and unusual lifts. If we want to maintain our business’s optimum making capability, our duty makes cost-effective results that can chief to increased reserves. The need for electric motor repairs, their commitment is a regular care program in residence. It will agreement our tackles to run at supreme efficiency close. At the same time, it prevents the opportunity of costly coming stand-ins. A portion of our job is to comprehend the value of our rechargeable motors. Australia has countless concerns providing this kind of service. | <urn:uuid:1fa2e461-6b18-49d1-b4f1-628cdb8cc559> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.katrin-indlekofer.net/cost-benefits-analysis-between-the-two-choices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.952842 | 728 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Ted Simons: An 18-year-old student at Corona Del Sol high school in Tempe recently took home the top award for electrical and mechanical engineering at the Intel international science and engineering fair in Los Angeles. Sarah Galvin is here to talk about her award-winning project. Also joining us is Sarah Galvin's mentor, Nathan Newman, a professor at ASU's Ira A. Fulton school of engineering. Good to have you both here. Thank you for joining us there. The Intel international science and engineering fair, what is this all about?
Sarah Galvin: Well, it's really the top of the top when it comes to the science circuits for the fairs, and it's fascinating because it was really a conglomeration of 1,700 students and it is the best projects in the world coming together so that we can share ideas and interact on more the level of higher intelligence in a way.
Ted Simons: Were you familiar with the fair before you went out there? Was it anything -- anything about the whole process surprising to you?
Sarah Galvin: The Intel I stuff, it has actually been a dream for a long time. Arizona runs its own series of science fairs for students to prequalify to go to the international fair, and within these fairs I've been interacting at various levels, but I always see on the kind of edges, these people usually wearing suits and they're always the ones who win. I decided a long time ago that is where I wanted to be. So this is the first time I was able to realize that.
Ted Simons: World's largest high school science research competition. That's a lot of kids, that's a lot of folks.
Nathan Newman: Absolutely.
Ted Simons: Talk to us more about, again, how the process -- how the engineering fair developed and your part in all of this.
Nathan Newman: Yeah, so my part is actually just -- we have the privilege of doing research as professors and looking for new knowledge. And part of that is to engage graduate students as the traditional one, but one of the things that ASU does so well is excellence and access. So, the high school students that are interested in preparing for the science fair, we open up our labs, we work with them to choose projects, and we have the great honor of getting these bright, excited young students, and we do all we can to help them succeed and it's really up to them to, you know, learn the fundamentals and then move on to do their project and it gives us great joy to see all of them progress and learn, and some of them, like Sarah, have done so well and just do amazing things that we sit back and watch and are very proud.
Ted Simons: Talk to us now about your project. I understand it’s an innovative approach to improve spin polarization in thin films for spin transport electronics, what am I talking about?
Sarah Galvin: Yes sir, well that is the title of my project, but taking it down to a level that is very understandable, the practical application.
Ted Simons: Yes
Sarah Galvin: I'm working in a field that was developed very recently, spintronics, and that focuses on utilizing a different way of manipulating the materials to produce a new kind of electronics based more on magnetism then like passing current, so it allows us to make things smaller and faster, more efficient, and then within that category I’m focusing on a specific material to optimize if for use in these applications.
Ted Simons: And now the material, correct me if I am wrong here, magnesium oxide is usually used, you found a different material to use?
Sarah Galvin: Yes. Magnesium oxide is usually used because it actually creates a higher quality seaFAST which is what the title abbreviates to, but I found that using another substrate, another base structure, which is substantially less expensive, actually produces a better value that we're looking for in the application into these electronic devices.
Ted Simons: More efficient and less expensive?
Sarah Galvin: Yes, sir.
Ted Simons: No wonder you won the award. So, when Sarah came to you with this idea or said, hey, here is what I'm thinking, what were you thinking?
Nathan Newman: Oh, I thought it was great. To be honest Sarah had been working in the lab a little bit last year, and so we had been working on this type of electronics, and what we hope it can do eventually is right now computers have memory, and logic in the separate. The devices that Sarah was working on pioneering allows you to make magnetic memory right on chip. So you can have a computer on a chip. We won't need computers that have the separate one. So, when Sarah said she would like to look at a material that is more efficient and choose a substrate that would work better, we made sure the equipment was there, we asked her what the plan was and we let her carry it out. What I usually do is we meet on a regular basis and I ask what did you do, what did you find? What does it mean?
Ted Simons: Right.
Nathan Newman: And then I watch as the project progresses, and it starts with, you know, a seed and it grows. It is real exciting.
Ted Simons: When the project does progress, are you watching every step of the way going, boy, I sure hope this works, and just kind of watching? Because, I mean, it may not work.
Sarah Galvin: Absolutely. That's really what research-based science is. It is very different from my high school classes, for instance, chemistry, where my teacher always knows what the end result of a lab is going to be, because he knows the educational target. But in research-based science, that is really what allows us to expand into the unknown. It’s one of the most interesting parts for me personally.
Ted Simons: So why did you go into this particular, was there something about this idea that got your attention? How did you get started in all of this?
Sarah Galvin: I started working with Professor Newman through ASU’s SCENE program, which is an educational outreach for high school students such as myself, and his lab deals predominantly with these types of projects within the spintronics applications, and a couple of months ago, he said -- I was just finishing another project. He really said find something that interests you, bring it back to me, and if it is viable, we'll go. So I did a bunch of research and I found this material was particularly interesting to me from a physics standpoint and we decided to run with it.
Ted Simons: Run with it you did. Now I’m assuming occasionally a kid will come to you, and you will say no, would you steer them in a different direction? Obviously with Sarah you didn't, but sometimes do you have to kind of nudge a little bit?
Nathan Newman: You try not to say no too often.
Ted Simons: Sure.
Nathan Newman: Because if you do the experiments and you're always right, you're not doing the right experiments. So you have to try new things. Sometimes I'll explain what the limitations are, why I'm concerned, you know, research is such a great way to learn. That's why research is done at the universities. And so when a student comes and they say this is -- this is new and this is something that I'm going to try, I never say no, but I do say here is the conventional wisdom. Do you want to try it?
Ted Simons: Here is what you need to think about.
Nathan Newman: That's right. And hopefully, you know, we learn something and 99% of the time we learn things, not everything works.
Ted Simons: What are you thinking about as far as taking this particular project into the future, taking your education into the future? What's next for you?
Sarah Galvin: Well, I, first of all, I’m going to be attending ASU in the fall. So I’m going to continue working for Professor Nathan Newman because it has been a fantastic opportunity, and with that said, I would like to continue looking into this, because it is very interesting and my results would indicate something that really needs to be spread to the public. So hopefully we will be publishing on something very similar to this and that way the information will get out so others can expand upon it.
Ted Simons: As far as you expanding though, are there other avenues, other things that interest you that once you get to the university, you’re going to think I might nose around over here a little bit?
Sarah Galvin: I think that one of the best parts about ASU is that it is such a large environment, but you can specialize and make it more of a small school experience. So, my work with Professor Newman is fantastic. I really enjoy it. I'm also very interested in government and politics. So maybe I’m going to do a double major or minor in that area. I haven't declared that for my first semester, but it might be second year.
Nathan Newman: I think research scientists are very much needed when it comes to politics. About 30 seconds left here. When you get students coming in, do you have to focus them a little bit or do you want them to spread out and see what they can find?
Nathan Newman: I think it is a combination and it depends. I usually let the students go at their own free will and I watch how it develops. Some students need more step by step guidance and some you stay out of their way. And at the end, we just are there to give opportunities and we hope for success, and so it has been a lot of fun.
Ted Simons: Well very good. Congratulations to you, and congratulations to you. We expect to hear more from you in the future. Thank you so much for being here.
Sarah Galvin: Thank you.
Ted Simons: Thank you both. | <urn:uuid:7b7c20df-c496-4c06-92e1-f5ab90d79f01> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.azpbs.org/arizonahorizon/detail.php?id=2431 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00487-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975783 | 2,126 | 2.203125 | 2 |
The Florida Department of Education (FDOE), Working with the Experts (WWE) and the Personnel Development Support Project (PDSP) collaborate to keep faculty informed of current initiatives and policy impacting teacher preparation programs to work towards positive outcomes for students with disabilities. Through the use of a needs assessment survey, topics for IHE meetings and webinars are planned to present and discuss relevant and pressing topics for teacher preparation faculty.
There is also an annual Institutes of Higher Education (IHE) Summer Institute which brings together faculty in the area of special education and to collaborate and gain information related to improving outcomes for students with disabilities. The Summer Institute is held at a different institution each year and features presenters from relevant national organizations and from the FDOE. Two faculty members from each IHE with a teacher preparation program are funded to attend but as many as can come are welcome. General education faculty are also highly encouraged to attend as all teachers are responsible for instruction of students with disabilities. In addition to the Summer Institute, faculty are also invited to attend the FDOE Administrators Management Meeting to participate in IHE meetings and professional development.
If you would like to participate in the needs-based webinars, attend the IHE Summer Institute, attend the IHE meetings at the Administrators Management Meeting, and/or maintain awareness of these efforts, please sign up for our email list. You will also receive the Plugging In Newsletter which is sent out 3 times a year – fall, spring, and summer usually toward the end of each semester. | <urn:uuid:a85b2d9d-98d7-4cd6-b8e8-38af066aa840> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://florida-ese.org/ffi/ihe.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00239-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963329 | 313 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Our Product Manager David Bryde has three tips for managing loan repayments when rates are rising.
The Greater is one of the few mainstream lenders to have not increased variable rates over and above the most recent increase in official rates by the Reserve Bank of Australia last year. Interest rates have been rising which is good news for investors, but difficult for home loan customers on a variable rate.
On a $200,000 loan, each 0.25% rate increase adds approximately $33 per month to your required monthly payment on a 30 year loan term.
Here’s some practical tips on managing repayments when rates rise to minimise the impact on your family budget.
1. Make repayments weekly or fortnightly rather than monthly
By dividing your monthly payment by 4 and paying weekly (or by 2 and paying fortnightly) you’re effectively making one extra monthly payment each year.
2. Pre-empt rate increases and pay more now
The impact higher loan payments will have on your budget can be lessened if you ease yourself into making them rather than deal with the effect all at once.
If you’re confident that rates will increase in future, estimate what you believe they’ll increase to and work out how much extra you’ll be required to pay. We can provide that information to you if you need assistance in calculating it.
3. Make additional one off payments when you can
If you can’t make regular increased payments, you can make a one off payment when you have a windfall like a tax refund or an inheritance, when you sell something, or if you get a bit of overtime at work.
Benefits of extra payments
Paying some or all of your predicted payment increase ahead of the time will benefit you in three ways.
- Making the additional payments will reduce the interest you pay and help repay your loan faster
- You can gradually accustom yourself to increased commitments and gauge for yourself whether you’ll need to make any changes to your budget to accommodate increases.
- You’ll accumulate advance payments that can be used as a buffer in case rates rise by more than you predicted. | <urn:uuid:b2a3772d-fca9-4bd5-a599-19024e725395> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.greater.com.au/about/blog/2011/01/managing-your-loan-in-a-rising-rate-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948396 | 444 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Mauritz Frederik Hendrick De Haas
(1832 - 1895)
Mauritz Frederik Hendrick De Haas was active/lived in New York / Holland. Mauritz De Haas is known for marine, landscape-snow scenes and genre painting.
One of the most famous 19th-century marine and landscape painters, especially of Long Island, Mauritz De Haas was born in Rotterdam, Holland where he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts. He also studied at The Hague, a pupil of Louis Meyer, and then specialized in watercolor in London.
In 1859, at the age of twenty seven he immigrated to the United States and set up a studio in New York. In his adopted homeland, he first became known for his European views and then for his scenes painted along the Northeast Coast. Among the latter were views of Long Island: Orient, Montauk, Peconic, Westhampton, Bridgehampton, and Southampton, as well as points along the Long Island Sound.
He painted Civil War naval scenes for Admiral Farragut ... Displaying 750 of 1475 characters. | <urn:uuid:37c8e0bd-0c49-4ae4-9f0f-c19d6117cd92> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/artist/21098/artist.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972988 | 232 | 2.34375 | 2 |
If you’ve ever worried about friends or family shutting themselves off in front of a computer, frantically pushing buttons for hours, you had every right. Video game addiction has now been classified as a mental health disorder.
The World Health Organization (WHO) said victims of the disorder devote so much of their time to virtual worlds that it “takes precedence over other life interests and daily activities,” playing for increasingly long periods of time despite the obvious negative consequences on their real life.
The WHO said that including gaming disorder in its official list will help doctors and families identify the symptoms better and faster.
Linking routine gaming to actual mental pathology will allow health workers “to take action to prevent suffering and save lives,” WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement.
Experts from Britain’s Royal College of Psychiatrists, who have witnessed entire families falling apart because someone was a compulsive gamer, applauded the decision.
Obsessive gaming has even drawn comparisons to gambling. “Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score whereas gamers use points,” Dr. Mark Griffiths, professor of behavioral addiction at Nottingham Trent University, said.
Despite the risks, the number of people believed to be suffering from gaming disorder is relatively low – about three percent of all gamers.
This has led some experts to disagree with the new classification, saying the problem is being excessively dramatized, and that it could cause unnecessary concern among parents whose children spend a lot of time playing video games. | <urn:uuid:158c8209-408f-431b-b96c-336e73593655> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldtruth.tv/who-lists-video-game-addiction-as-mental-health-disorder/?noamp=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.952282 | 321 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Important safety instructions, Danger, Save these instructions – SINGER 132Q FEATHERWEIGHT User Manual
Page 2: Warning, Foot control
Attention! The text in this document has been recognized automatically. To view the original document, you can use the "Original mode".
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
When using an electrical appliance, basic safety precautions should always be followed,
Including the following.
Read all instructions before using this sewing machine.
To reduce the risk of electric shock;
1. This sewing machine should never be left unattended when plugged in. Always
unplug this sewing machine from the electric outlet immediately after using and
2. Always unplug before replacing light bulb. Replace bulb with same type rated 15
To reduce the risk of burns, fire, electric shock, or injury
1. Do not allow to be used as a toy. Close attention is necessary when this sewing
machine is used by or near children.
2. Use this sewing machine only for its Intended use as described in this manual. Use
only attachments recommended by the manufacturer as contained in this manual.
3. Never operate this sewing machine if it has a damaged cord or plug, if it is not
working properly, if it has been dropped or damaged, or dropped into water. Return
the sewing machine to the nearest authorized dealer or service center for
examination, repair, electrical or mechanical adjustment.
4. Never operate the sewing machine with any air openings blocked. Keep ventilation
openings of the sewing machine and foot control free from the accumulation of lint,
dust, and loose cloth.
5. Never drop or insert any object into any opening.
6. Do not use outdoors.
7. Do not operate where aerosol (spray) products are being used or where oxygen is
8. To disconnect, turn switch to the off (“0”) position, then remove plug from outlet.
9. Do not unplug by pulling on cord. To unplug, grasp the plug, not the cord.
10. Keep fingers away from all moving parts. Special care is required around the sewing
11. Never sew with a damaged needle plate as this can cause needle to break.
12. Do not use bent needles.
13. Do not pull or push fabric while stitching. It may deflect the needle causing it to
14. Switch the sewing machine off (“0”) when making any adjustments In the needle
area, such as threading needle, changing needle, threading bobbin, or changing
presser foot, etc.
15. Always unplug sewing machine from the electrical outlet when removing covers,
lubricating, or when making any other user servicing adjustments mentioned In the
Use Yamamoto Electric, Model YC-482E with this
POLARIZED PLUGS CAUTION
This appliance has a polarized plug (one blade wider
than the other). To reduce the risk of electric shock,
this plug is intended to fit in a polarized outlet only one
way. If the plug dose not fit fully in the outlet, reverse
the plug. If it still does not fit, contact a qualified
electrician to install the proper outlet. Do not modify the
plug in any way.
A I ITI^^ K| _ Moving parts-To reduce risk of injury, switch off before
w I I
“ servicing. Close cover before operating machine.
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
This product is for household use, or equivalent. | <urn:uuid:31c5b2c2-5769-41d6-8591-bc8d30e9979c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.manualsdir.com/manuals/719297/singer-132q-featherweight-132-featherweight-140q-featherweight-132q-featherweight-132.html?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.844628 | 784 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The Snite Museum of Art will exhibit Interrogating Native American Art: Past and Present from December 19, 2010, until February 13, 2011.
Acting as guest curators, university students enrolled in the Native North American Art History course, taught by Dr. Joanne Mack, curator of Native American Art and associate professor of anthropology, will choose pieces from the permanent collection to show the diversity of Native American art. Because an important issue in Native American art history is how accurately their art is exhibited, this show provides the opportunity to grapple with exhibiting the pieces appropriately.
Each individual or student pair focuses on themes including the effect that the commercial market might have on Native American art, the continuity of artists’ uses of certain techniques, materials, and designs, as well as the necessary caution in interpreting the meaning of particular motifs of other cultures and the diversity of contemporary Native American art.
Students will work with Snite Museum staff in designing and installing their exhibits; they will also write the labels and explanations for them. Both are important aspects of the show and the class, since the issue of how a museum presents the art of other cultures is of utmost concern to curators, anthropologists, artists, and organizations. This show provides the opportunity to view objects seldom displayed and to better understand issues within Native American art history.
This exhibit, located in the O’Shaughnessy Galleries, is free and open to the public. | <urn:uuid:70b694ca-dcc1-4673-8856-df0a82377af3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://al.nd.edu/news/events/2011/02/13/gallery-exhibit-interrogating-native-american-art-past-and-present-9/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.959247 | 295 | 2.671875 | 3 |
One of Mumbai’s biggest challenges is to develop and grow while dealing with its slum dwellers in a humane fashion. Mumbai prides itself on its enterprise and its openness to the world. Healthy urban life requires inclusion and the navigation of difference.
Rather than forcibly remove slum dwellers to create a city sanitised of the poor, the Slum Rehabilitation Act (SRA) of 1995 gives slum dwellers, and even pavement dwellers, a series of rights in the process of redevelopment, assuming that they can show proof of residence prior to 1995 (now prior to 2000 in Dharavi). This law, and the rights conferred, is good policy, better than any equivalent in the US, at least from the perspective of the other side of the world. It also has problems, which are perhaps more evident to the American or European eye.
To understand why Americans see the SRA as a good policy, reflect on the nature of American slums, or ghettos. Our ghettos are not full, they are empty. Most people of any means have moved out of them. They are cut off from economic activity and good schools.
As a result, opportunity is limited and criminal activities like drug dealing are more attractive. Efforts to engage in economic self-help are undermined by limited policing and access to resources like insurance. As a consequence, economic migrants and immigrants tend to avoid established ghettos, depriving many cities of entrepreneurial oxygen.
Housing is often viewed as a problem, not because there is not enough, but because of its design and availability. In terms of design, from the 1950s through the 1970s, various levels of government in the US built large towers to shelter the poor and working class from the vagaries of real estate markets and to provide them with safe, modern housing. The flats in these towers were palatial by Mumbai’s standards — some are over 1,000 square feet. Despite initial successes, these projects are now understood to concentrate the poor, cutting them off from resources outside of their neighbourhoods. They also incubate social pathologies that diminish the quality of life of the city as a whole. Over the last two decades, dozens of these towers have been replaced with lower-density housing, often designed and priced to house a far more affluent population. The poor, it is now thought, would do better being distributed among more affluent neighbourhoods and communities, though their housing options are increasingly limited despite small-scale efforts to develop housing for them.
From the American perspective, then, Mumbai’s slums look extremely promising. Most importantly, they are not crime-ridden and function as communities in which norms of hard work and cooperation produce cities that work well despite limited resources, services and infrastructure. Migrants move to or build slums in order to improve their economic well-being. They are close to work and there is considerable economic activity in the slums themselves.
Even as some American cities seek to exclude new immigrants, many in declining cities have suddenly remembered that migrants and immigrants are the entrepreneurial engines of urban economies. By excluding them, the future of the city is foreclosed. Mumbai’s slums are the sites where economic migrants become transformed into citizens of the city.
In the US, NGOs, philanthropies and governments work tirelessly to create the sort of communities that are produced in Mumbai’s slums without much intervention at all. With a few exceptions, they haven’t succeeded. As a consequence, the poor in American cities and slums are often heavily dependent on the government for survival, have few skills with which to build communities, and have few economically marketable skills, assuming they could get to distant jobs at all. It is easy for an American to romanticise Mumbai’s slums.
Despite all of their positive aspects, Mumbai’s slums do not have some things that the urban poor of America often take for granted, things like running water, indoor toilets, and electricity. These conditions produce a consensus that building large towers to house relocated slum dwellers makes sense. Developers want to build these towers because by stacking the poor on top of one another they end up with more room to build more profitable buildings. Slum dwellers want the same thing because they associate flat living with respectability.
As it stands, many of the Mumbai slum rehabilitation projects appear troubled. Some have increasing crime and declining social trust. Some have little water or are disconnected from employment. The design of some is poor and their maintenance is shoddy. These problems are partially created by the limited enforcement of the provisions of the SRA, which situates the government as an ally of slum dwellers in their negotiation with developers. But that is not how it plays out on the ground.
At the same time, the SRA, perhaps unwittingly, mitigates some of these problems. In requiring slum dwellers to form housing societies to act collectively in their negotiations with developers, it helps to constitute communities of interest that carry over to slum redevelopments, ensuring that some of the communal life of the slums is integrated into the new buildings. This goal is also furthered by the law’s expectation that the redevelopments will be built in situ and that the housing societies will have an ongoing role in the management of the buildings. The slum redevelopments, then, are as much marvels to the American eye as the slums themselves are. They deal with a difficult problem in a manner that includes the voices of multiple stakeholders. On the other hand, the view from America is also tinted by our experience with public housing. Many slum rehabilitation projects appear to concentrate the poor in settings that are cut off from economic activity and prospects for broader social integration.
Their design seems likely to produce hostility rather than care among their inhabitants, particularly once a generation that is not grateful for a flat with running water is succeeded by a generation that never knew anything else. Finally, their design has some, but limited, flexibility. It is harder to house many family members in the same place, or create economic activity on site. Creating warehouses for the most impoverished and desperate may seem like good policy now, but Mumbai’s vision is towards the future, not the past. For the city to realise its potential, it must ensure that the city works for the poor as well as the affluent. If it doesn’t, the view from America suggests that all of the citizens of the city will suffer the consequences.
Michael McQuarrie is assistant professor of sociology, University of California, Davis
The views expressed by the author are personal | <urn:uuid:a6e69076-4a00-42d2-acac-44fff0d0fe21> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/beyond-the-walls/story-8ZpJycpFPjRdqRIAbmNiJP.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973232 | 1,353 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Memories, pictures, past, experience, facts of distance.
How much I would like to be involved into something? What is real about me?
The main function of the camera is it’s ability to capture the moment. It also represents the past and memories out of it. Usually when the dreamer uses the camera to capture the moment it represents his desire to hold on some things. Sometimes the dreamer is captured by somebody which means that everything he does have a mirror effect. Everything you do will come back to you, no matter good or bad was done.
The camera is used to make memories and make the time stop, therefore when the dreamer uses the camera it shows the things, which he is longing for or things he created using the imagination. It is known that camera holds our dearest things – memories, family and friends. Consider, of not holding too much to the past, because the life moves forward and you should do so also.
Spiritually camera in dream denotes to awareness. The dreamer should look out and be open-eyed for the things that is happening around him.
According to European dream explanation, camera shows your desire to live in the past. Alternatively, i could show you wish to concentrate on one particular subject.
- Refusal if camera is broken – if the camera broke, it shows that you are ignoring some facts and do not want to take responsibility to sort them out;
- Attention seeker if other taking pictures of you – to see many cameras, that are taking pictures of you shows that you feel unappreciated and need attention from one or more people;
- Somebody is analyzing you if you dream of hidden camera – such dream indicates that you feel someone is taking a very close look at you, which might be both good and bad omen.
- Fake friends if took the picture of yourself – if the dreamer takes a picture of himself, then such dream suggests to look closer to your friends, make sure which ones are real and which ones are not.
* Please, see meaning of photography, photo. | <urn:uuid:855ac2ce-ec85-4326-9b5b-260720af256c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dreamsnest.com/camera/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960676 | 426 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits