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complexity around payments, and inability to offer local payment forms
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like cash or country specific digital forms of payment;
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•lack of familiarity and the burden of complying with a wide variety of
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U.S. and foreign laws, legal standards, and regulatory requirements,
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which are complex, sometimes inconsistent, and subject to unexpected
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changes;
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•potentially adverse tax consequences, including resulting from the
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complexities of foreign corporate income tax systems, value added tax
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("AT" regimes, tax withholding rules, lodging taxes, often known as
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transient or occupancy taxes, hotel taxes, and other indirect taxes, tax
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collection or remittance obligations, and restrictions on the
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repatriation of earnings;
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•difficulties in managing and staffing international operations,
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including due to differences in legal, regulatory, and collective
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bargaining processes;
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•fluctuations in currency exchange rates, and in particular, decreases
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in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar;
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•regulations governing the control of local currencies and impacting the
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ability to collect and remit funds to Hosts in those currencies or to
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repatriate cash into the United States;
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•oversight by foreign government agencies whose approach to privacy or
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human rights may be inconsistent with that taken in other countries;
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•increased financial accounting and reporting burdens, and complexities
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and difficulties in implementing and maintaining adequate internal
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controls in an international operating environment;
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•political, social, and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks,
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and security concerns in general;
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•operating in countries that are more prone to crime or have lower
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safety standards;
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•operating in countries that have higher risk of corruption; and
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•reduced or varied protection for our intellectual property rights in
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some countries.
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Increased operating expenses, decreased revenue, negative publicity,
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negative reaction from our Hosts and guests and other stakeholders, or
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other adverse impacts from any of the above factors or other risks
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related to our international operations could materially adversely
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affect our brand, reputation, business, results of operations, and
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financial condition.
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In addition, we will continue to incur significant expenses to operate
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our outbound business in China, and we may never achieve profitability
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in that market. These factors, combined with sentiment of the workforce
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in China, and China' policy towards foreign direct investment may
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particularly impact our operations in China. In addition, we need to
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ensure that our business practices in China are compliant with local
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laws and regulations, which may be interpreted and enforced in ways that
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are different from our interpretation, and/or create obligations on us
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that are costly to meet or conflict with laws in other jurisdictions and
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which may not be implemented within regulatory timelines.
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We are subject to various requirements and requests from government
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agencies to share information on users who use services in China through
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our platform. Failure to comply with such requests or other requirements
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as interpreted by government agencies may lead to impairment or
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disruption to our business and operations, including failing to obtain
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or losing the necessary licenses to operate in China, the blocking of
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our platform and services in China, and/or enforcement action against
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our community, corporate entities, or officers. Our failure to comply
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with such requests or requirements, or conversely our compliance with
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such requests or requirements, could materially adversely affect our
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brand, reputation, business, results of operations, and financial
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condition. Further, given that our headquarters is in the United States,
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any significant or prolonged deterioration in U.S.-China bilateral
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relations or escalation of geo-political risk in China could adversely
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affect our outbound business in China.
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The Chinese government has adopted laws, regulations, and implementation
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measures that govern the dissemination of content over the Internet and
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data processing in China. These impose additional requirements for
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certain categories of operators, and are continuing to develop and be
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clarified. At this point, it is uncertain what obligations will apply to
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us in the future, and we cannot predict what impact these new laws and
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regulations or the increased costs of compliance, if any, will have on
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our operations in China. Actions by the U.S. government
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could also impair our ability to effectively operate in China, including
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through the use of Executive Orders or trade blacklists to ban or limit
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the use of services provided by Chinese third parties.
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We conduct our business in China through a variable interest entity
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("IE" and a wholly-foreign owned entity. We do not own shares in our VIE
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and instead rely on contractual arrangements with the equity holders of
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our VIE to operate our business in China because foreign investment is
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restricted or prohibited. Under our contractual arrangements, we must
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rely on the VIE and the VIE equity holders to perform their obligations
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in order to exercise our control over the VIE. The VIE equity holders
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