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may have conflicts of interest with us or our stockholders, and they may
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not act in our best interests or may not perform their obligations under
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these contracts. If our VIE or its equity holders fail to perform their
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respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may not be
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able to enforce our rights. In addition, if the Chinese government deems
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that the contractual arrangements in relation to our VIE do not comply
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with Chinese governmental restrictions on foreign investment, or if
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these regulations or their interpretation changes in the future, we
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could be subject to penalties, be forced to cease our operations in
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China, or be subject to restrictions in the future, and we may incur
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additional compliance costs. The contractual arrangements with our VIE
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may also be subject to scrutiny by the Chinese tax authorities and any
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adjustment of related party transaction pricing could lead to additional
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taxes.
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*We could face liability for information or content on or accessible
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through our platform.*
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We could face claims relating to information or content that is made
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available on our platform. Our platform relies upon content that is
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created and posted by Hosts, guests, or other third parties. Although
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content on our platform is typically generated by third parties, and not
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by us, claims of defamation, disparagement, negligence, warranty,
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personal harm, intellectual property infringement, or other alleged
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damages could be asserted against us, in addition to our Hosts and
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guests. While we rely on a variety of statutory and common-law
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frameworks and defenses, including those provided by the DMCA, the CDA,
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the fair-use doctrine and various tort law defenses in the United States
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and the E-Commerce Directive in the European Union and other
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regulations, differences between statutes, limitations on immunity or
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responsibility, requirements to maintain immunity or proportionate
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responsibility, and moderation efforts in the many jurisdictions in
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which we operate may affect our ability to rely on these frameworks and
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defenses, or create uncertainty regarding liability for information or
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content uploaded by Hosts and guests or otherwise contributed by
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third-parties to our platform.
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Moreover, regulators in the United States and in other countries may
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introduce new regulatory regimes that increase potential liability for
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information or content available on our platform. For example, in the
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United States, laws such as the CDA, which have previously been
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interpreted to provide substantial protection to interactive computer
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service providers, may change and become less predictable or unfavorable
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by legislative action or juridical interpretation. Additionally, there
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have been various federal legislative efforts to restrict the scope of
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the protections available to online platforms under the CDA, and current
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protections from liability for third-party content in the United States
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could decrease or change. There is proposed U.S. federal legislation
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seeking to hold platforms liable for user-generated content, including
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content related to short-term or long-term rentals. We could incur
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significant costs investigating and defending such claims and, if we are
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found liable, significant damages.
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The European Union is also reviewing the regulation of digital services.
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In November 2022, the DSA came into force. The majority of the
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substantive provisions of the DSA will begin to take effect between 2023
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and 2024. The DSA will govern, among other things, potential liability
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for illegal content on platforms, traceability of traders, and
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transparency reporting obligations. Some European jurisdictions have
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also proposed or intend to pass legislation that imposes new obligations
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and liabilities on platforms with respect to certain types of harmful
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content.
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While the scope and timing of these proposals are currently evolving, if
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enacted and applied to our platform, the new rules may adversely affect
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our business. In countries in Asia and Latin America, generally there
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are not similar statutes as the CDA or E-Commerce Directive. The laws of
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countries in Asia and Latin America generally provide for direct
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liability if a platform is involved in creating such content or has
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actual knowledge of the content without taking action to take it down.
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Further, laws in some Asian countries also provide for primary or
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secondary liability, which can include criminal liability, if a platform
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failed to take sufficient steps to prevent such content from being
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uploaded. Because liability often flows from information or content on
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our platform and/or services accessed through our platform, as we
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continue to expand our offerings, tiers, and scope of business, both in
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terms of the range of offerings and services and geographical
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operations, we may face or become subject to additional or different
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laws and regulations. Our potential liability for information or content
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created by third parties and posted to our platform could require us to
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implement additional measures to reduce our exposure to such liability,
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may require us to expend significant resources, may limit the
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desirability of our platform to Hosts and guests, may cause damage to
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our brand or reputation, and may cause us to incur time and costs
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defending such claims in litigation, thereby materially adversely
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affecting our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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In the European Union, the Consumer Rights Directive and the Unfair
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Commercial Practices Directive harmonized consumer rights across the EU
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member states. In 2018, the European Commission and a group of European
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consumer protection authorities (through the Consumer Protection
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Cooperation Network) investigated our customer terms and price display
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practices, which required us to make certain changes to our terms and
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price display practices. If Consumer Protection Regulators find that we
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are in breach of consumer protection laws, we may be fined or required
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to change our terms and processes, which may result in increased
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operational costs. Consumers and certain Consumer Protection
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Associations may also bring individual claims against us if they believe
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that our terms and/or business practices are not in compliance with
|
local consumer protection laws. Currently, class actions may also be
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