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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | af82f88f-21e6-4877-a69a-e4a476697bed | [{'content': 'Gycosylated Hb is done for the assessment of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diabetic patient, B. Cushing disease, C. Hyperparathyroidism, D. Addison disease', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 80e16084-d58b-4584-8712-feb0dda14e36 | [{'content': 'GNAS-1 gene mutation is associated with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fibrous dysplasia, B. Osteogenesis imerfecta, C. Amelogenesis imperfect, D. Cleidocranial dysplasia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Fibrous dysplasia is caused by a mutation in GNAS1 gene.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 09a97945-700d-49da-92e1-8b7c31754b56 | [{'content': 'Fill the missing data in the Ottawa charter for health promotion \nSelect and explain. \nA. Promotion of health services, B. Reorienting health services, C. Prevention of disease, D. Effective health services', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | ba3d2acf-22c5-416f-9d73-63d879a0a03c | [{'content': 'Helminth implicated in causing pernicious anemia is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diphyllobothrium latum, B. Ascaris, C. Taenia solium, D. Hymenolepis nana', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Diphyllobothrium latum (Ref: Paniker's 7/e p118, b/e p142; lawetz 27/e p731; Harrison 19/e p1434.Helminth implicated in causing pernicious anemia is Diphyllobothrium latum.Diphyllobothrium latum:Disease caused by tapeworms is chiefly vague abdominal discomfo and loss of appetite, leading to weight loss.D latum has an unusual capacity to absorb vitamin B12 a causing vitamin B12 deficiency a Pernicious anemia may rarely develop.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 250445f9-5a5a-45c0-9035-f581f79f5030 | [{'content': 'All are true about polycystic ovarian disease except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Persistently elevated LH, B. Increased LH/FSH ratio, C. Increased Dheas, D. Increased prolactin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: In patients of PCOS:\n\nAlterations in gonadotropin releasing hromone pulsatality leads to preferential production of LH, as compared to FSH. Also estrogen has a positive feedback on LH and negative feedback on FSH which leads to increase in LH and decrease in FSH such that LH/FSH is > 2.1.\nNow the question arises whether this increase in LH is persistent. Most of the books do not state anything clearly except that there is an increase in the LH pulse amplitude and frequency. So I had to look up in Leon Speroff (which is the BAAP of all problems related to endocrinology and infertility in Gynae).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 4dc6bf4b-33ac-4ea0-ba43-8167ed508747 | [{'content': 'Which is gametocidal for all species: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Quinine, B. Chloroquine, C. Primaquine, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. PrimaquineRef: Goodman Gilman\'s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 13" edn; Page no. 980, NVBD GuidelinesDrugsActionChloroquineSchizontocidal for all speciesGametocidal for PV, PO and PMNo action on hypnozoitesQuininePrimary blood schizontocidalLittle effect on sporozoiteGametocidal to PV and PMAemisinin groupBlood schizontocidal Gametocidal action recently describedMefloquineStrong schizontocidal action against all speciesGametocidal against PV, PM and POSporonticidal actHalofantrineSchizontocidal to all speciesNo action on latent tissue form of PV and gametocytesAtovaquoneBlood schizontocidal (Used primarily for MDR PF)PyronaridineSchizontocidal for PF, PV and MDR PFSulfadoxine -PyrimethamineActive against blood schizonts of PF. Less active against other speciesPrimaquineDestroys late hepatic stage and latent forms of PV and POGametocidal to all species, mainly PF.No action on erythrocyte stage of PF, though activeProguanilWeak schizontocidal action against all species.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | fa913906-e910-4289-9d58-446c23e08c33 | [{'content': 'Radiation effect blood supply because of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anemia, B. Endarteritis of small blood vessels, C. Infection, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | e974e66a-b20d-4557-84df-bbb0af02f12a | [{'content': 'Lepromin test is useful for \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diagnosis, B. Prognosis, C. Treatment plan, D. Epidemiology', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 28c87a35-b6b1-4b1f-bfd5-d94b4fc0be1d | [{'content': 'A statistical test which indicates the chance or probability of an observed difference between two means occurring by chance is called, \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tests of significance, B. Means, C. Ratio, D. Normalcy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Medicine | dff05507-4258-4cee-97a0-0327dd30b57f | [{'content': 'Which of these is the Renal feed for CKD patients? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Low calorie low volume, B. Low calorie high volume, C. High calorie low volume, D. High calorie high volume', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: OPTION C - CKD patients have catabolic metabolism so they will require higher caloric as lot of muscle wasting. Since the disease CKD has affected kidney, we prefer to give low volume due to decrease capacity of kidney to excrete.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | ced932ec-06de-41fd-96f4-4efd3746eb21 | [{'content': 'Hemophilics show: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased bleeding time and clotting time, B. Decreased bleeding time and clotting time, C. Decreased bleeding time and increased clotting time, D. Normal bleeding time and increased clotting time', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5449783f-f56a-4761-b276-430a15e89ea7 | [{'content': 'Process shown in color plate is called: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular mesial root resection, B. Mandibular distal root resection, C. Hemisection., D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | ad06ae5e-77fc-42e4-b2cc-b33069ad0d9d | [{'content': 'Tourniquet test is used in daily follow-up of patients with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zika virus, B. Dengue virus, C. Chikungunya, D. Swine flu', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Dengue virus(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1322)Tourniquet test is used in daily follow up of patients with dengue virusThe tourniquet test (capillary-fragility test):Pa of the new WHO case definition for dengue.The test is a marker of capillary fragility and it can be used as a triage tool to differentiate patients with acute gastroenteritis, for example, from those with dengue.It is a clinical diagnostic method to determine a patient's hemorrhagic tendency, fragility of capillary walls and thrombocytopenia.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 81f36a50-554d-4c45-a8e2-8df9dce0ca2f | [{'content': 'What high energy phosphate compound is formed in the citric acid cycle through substrate level phosphorylation: \nSelect and explain. \nA. ATP, B. TTP, C. ITP, D. GTP', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f57bea78-7373-4f7e-b8fc-0c338a5b1fef | [{'content': 'When instrument with primary cutting edge is perpendicular to blade then: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1st digit of 4 digit formula omitted., B. 2nd digit of 4 digit formula omitted., C. 3rd digit of 4 digit formula omitted., D. 4th digit of 4 digit formula omitted.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c3f2d738-cddc-4bd2-b9e7-e8a41969d42d | [{'content': 'A rest seat is prepared as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spoon shaped depression with the apex towards the center of the tooth, B. Concavity with hemisphere shape, C. Elliptical shape, D. Rhomboid depression limited to enamel', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5a6abefa-9edd-429c-8489-f7d4a3fd2770 | [{'content': "A patient showing inability to close the right corner of the mouth is most probably suffering from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Myasthenia gravis, B. Bell's palsy, C. TMJ dysfunction syndrome, D. Multiple sclerosis", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Bell's palsy is manifested by drooping of corner of mouth, drooling of saliva, watering of eye, inability\xa0to blink the eye. The patient has a typical mask-like or expressionless appearance. The patient will\xa0have speech difficulty and occasionally the taste sensation to anterior portion of tongue is lost or\xa0altered.\nIn supranuclear lesions of facial nerve, only the lower part of the face is paralysed. The upper part\xa0(frontalis and part of orbicularis oculi) escapes due to bilateral representation in the cerebral cortex.\nIn infranuclear lesions of facial nerve (Bell's palsy) half of the whole of face is paralysed. The face\xa0becomes asymmetrical, and any attempt to smile draws the mouth to the NORMAL SIDE.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | d015dc8c-7306-41b3-9db5-60973de1697c | [{'content': 'Tensor veli palatini is supplied by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial nerve, B. Trigeminal nerve, C. Glossopharyngeal nerve, D. Pharyngeal plexus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2e6dd309-e97e-4845-981d-4df1962afeeb | [{'content': 'According to ISO 6876-2001 ADA specifications 57 Endodontics sealer penetration is upto? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 150 μm, B. 50 μm, C. 300 μm, D. 100 μm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | a516861d-a265-4849-93b4-3b4440c68ecf | [{'content': 'Which of the following disease cause damage of vertebral body & intervertebral space? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tuberculosis, B. Multiple myeloma, C. Lymphoma, D. Metastasis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a8efab51-c555-4622-b1aa-b726cb28b8b3 | [{'content': 'Mechanical objectives of cleaning ans shaping are given by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Schilder, B. Wein, C. Brook, D. Grossman', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | f603675d-c697-4895-bbda-c782cdadbd6f | [{'content': 'All of the following are features of glucocoicoid deficiency except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fever, B. Hyperkalemia, C. Postural hypotension, D. Weight loss', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Hyperkalemia(Ref: Harrison 19/c p2325, 18/c p2957)Hyperkalemia is seen in mineralocoicoid deficiency but not in isolated glucocoicoid deficiency.Fever is due to release of inflammatory mediators, which is suppressed by steroids, is seen in glucocoicoid deficiency.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 350d3b19-c8b4-4e99-b2a0-dc3f2bf4a206 | [{'content': 'Transient tachypnea of new born (TTN) is commonly seen in which of the following situations – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Term delivery requiring forceps, B. Term requiring ventouse, C. Elective caesarean section, D. Normal vaginal delivery', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: In text books, both elective caesarian section and normal preterm or term vaginal delivery have been mentioned as risk factors for transient tachypnea of newborn.\nBut the best answer is caesarian section -\n\n"Delivery by caesarian section and gestational age are the risk factors for TTN". —Articles Obs & Gynae Transient tachvpnea of Newborn (TTN) \n\nTransient tachypnea of the newborn is a benign self-limiting disease occuring usually in term neonates and is due to delayed clearance of lung fluid.\nIt is also called respiratory distress syndrome type H\nTTN follows -\n\n\nUneventful normal preterm or term vaginal delivery\nCesarean delivery\n\n\nTTN is believed to be secondary to slow absorption of fetal lung fluid resulting in decreased pulmonary compliance and tidal volume and increased dead space therefore also known as wet lung.\nClinical manifestations\n\n\nEarly onset of tachypnea\n\nEl Sometimes refraction or expiratory grunting\nu Occasionally cyanosis\n\nPatients usually recover rapidly within 3 days.\n\nHypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis are uncommon.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e891af5e-7b28-489c-b8a9-7beff3f76ead | [{'content': 'KRI paste composition is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Iodoform+ZOE, B. Iodoform+chlorophenol+menthol, C. Iodoform+CaOH, D. Iodoform only', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | cb8ea9a3-b993-4d69-a1e2-aa031b0bdb11 | [{'content': 'Steepest cusp is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary 1st premolar, B. Maxillary 1st molar, C. Mandibular IInd molar, D. Mandibular 1st molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3ff65139-5240-4593-bd44-2919090b2291 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is true about Chi-square test? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Measures qualitative data, B. Measures both qualitative and quantitative data, C. Measures the qualitative data between two proportion, D. Measure the quantitative data between two proportion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 81d28b2e-aaca-40ca-a4f2-6a2019a577d0 | [{'content': 'After 24 hrs. of setting tensile stength of GIC is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Equal to Znpo4, B. Greater to Znpo4, C. Lesser to Znpo4, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 19fab1fd-eb4b-42ca-9cc4-82a1afe6252a | [{'content': '"Strawberry Tongue" is associated with \nSelect and explain. \nA. syphilis, B. measles, C. scarlet fever, D. typhoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 8dd9b27b-3aa1-425b-8db6-e935a38d4c5f | [{'content': 'Thiamine is a cofactor for all of the following enzymes except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, B. Branched-chain keto-acid dehydrogenase, C. Succinate dehydrogenase, D. Pyruvate dehydrogenase.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Succinate dehydrogenaseThiamin as coenzyme:Catalyzes oxidative decarboxylation reactions.3 multi-enzyme complexes catalyzing oxidative decarboxylation reactions:Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase - Involved in metabolism of leucine, isoleucine & valineAlpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase - In citric acid cyclePyruvate dehydrogenase - In carbohydrate metabolismTransketolase reaction - In pentose phosphate pathway.Succinate dehydrogenase:Involved in redox reaction catalyzed by FMN & FAD.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a9471eed-081f-450b-86ee-d1bb788bb833 | [{'content': 'Name the type of cry which is a sort of coping mechanism to an unpleasant stimuli: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Obstinate cry, B. Hurt cry, C. Compensatory cry, D. Frightened cry', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: CRY ELSBACH IN 1963\nThere are 4 Types\nA. Obstinate Cry:\xa0\n\nLoud, high pitched.\nSiren like weil.\nExternal response to anxiety.\n\nB. Hurt Cry:\xa0\n\nLoud\xa0& more frequent.\nTears rolling down on the cheeks.\nWithout the child\xa0making any resistance to treatment procedure.\n\nC. Compensatory Cry:\n\nNo cry at all.\nSort of coping mechanism\xa0to an\xa0unpleasant stimuli.\nNot high or low – It’s MONOTONOUS.\nNo tears.\n\nD. Frightened Cry:\xa0\n\nSharp shrilled, extremely high pitched cry.\nTorrent of tears with convulsive breath catching sobs.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 3101996f-b393-4e05-9cb4-542df72f1b5c | [{'content': 'A five year old child presents with left ventricular hypertrophy and central cyanosis what is the most probable diagnosis – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tricuspid atresia, B. Eisenmenger syndrome, C. Tetrology of Fallot, D. Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: "Left axis deviation and left ventricular hypertrophy are usually present on electrocardiogram distinguishing tricuspid atresia from most other cyanotic heart lesions.\n\nThe combination of cyanosis and left axis deviation is highly suggestive of tricuspid atresia."\n- Nelson irk p. 1913\nTricuspid atresia \n\nCongenital absence of tricuspid valve is called tricuspid atresia\n\tTA has following features : -\n\n\nAbsence of tricuspid valve\nHypoplastic right ventricle with absence of inflow portion of RV\n\n\nSo, blood can not flow directly from right atrium to right ventricle and following associated defect are neccessary for survival : -\n\n\nFor flow of blood from RA to LA Patent foramen ovale or ASD.\nFor flow of blood from LV to RV --> VSD (VSD is always muscular in tricuspid atresia)\n\n\nTherefore blood flow in following direction.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e6ffb56f-8545-4c0a-ba5f-2f5294d6a544 | [{'content': 'In dental materials setting time is measured by which test \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rockwell test, B. Cold blend test, C. Vickers test, D. Vicat needle method', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 16a341b0-9b1c-4a94-94a6-8f8aaa931295 | [{'content': 'In case of professional misconduct Patients records on demand should be provided within? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 36 hours, B. 36 hours, C. 72 hours, D. 7 days', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: According to MCI Regulations- Patient's records should be maintained upto 3 years for inpatients Routine case records maintained - 6 Yrs after completion of treatment & 3 Yrs after death. Records should be provided within 72 hours after request by patient or relatives", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a0ad23e1-1238-4d3b-b939-33e852d48919 | [{'content': "The number of sites examined to assess the stages of bone maturation in Fishman's skeletal maturation index are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 4, B. 5, C. 6, D. 7", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 4f5ef465-6d08-454f-aa5c-53fc1eecb0ae | [{'content': 'All of the following muscles are derived from pharyngeal arches except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tensor tympani, B. Levator palpebrae superioris, C. Palatine tensor, D. Orbicularis oculi', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Levator palpebrae superioris is a somatic muscle that develops from the mesoderm. Tensor tympani & palatine tensor (tensor veli palatine) develops from first pharyngeal arch while orbicularis oculi (muscles of facial expression) develops from the second pharyngeal arch (facial nerve)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | fdc00e53-994d-4102-af10-187b5df06242 | [{'content': 'In a polytrauma patient, chest tube insertion caused sudden drainage of 1,500 mL blood from left side. Oxygen saturation is 92%. What should be the immediate next step: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transfer to trauma center, B. Prepare for immediate open thoracotomy, C. Auscultate for left chest breath sounds and wait for saturation to rise, D. Clamp the chest tube', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dac44c4d-224b-489e-a7f7-72879f6c4c70 | [{'content': 'As compared to relining, in rebasing of a denture a \nchange is effected in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Centric occlusion, B. Centric relation, C. Entire denture base, D. Tissue surface', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ce4bf55c-99a1-41a9-9107-cdab91e7e11b | [{'content': 'Dentin island are frequently found in the root canals of which of the following permanent teeth \nSelect and explain. \nA. Upper 2nd Molar, B. Upper 2nd Premolar, C. Lower 2nd Molar, D. Lower 2nd Premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f1d6ed0c-2c16-42f9-8673-a1f111e8a088 | [{'content': 'Which of the following muscle helps in depressing the mandible: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Temporalis, B. Massetor, C. Lateral pterygoid, D. Medial pterygoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | e9b885b9-5bdf-47a6-8e6d-1a5cba796bf6 | [{'content': 'A 48-year old lady presented with bony pain and hepatosplenomegaly. On examination of biopsy speci!men from spleen, crumpled tissue paper appearance is seen. Which of the following product is likely to have accumulated? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ganglioside, B. Sulfatide, C. Sphingomyelin, D. Glucocerebroside', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. GlucocerebrosideGaucher's disease:* MC lysosomal storage disorder, autosomal recessive in inheritance.* Caused by deficiency of tissue enzyme glucocerebrocidase.Glucocerebrocidase:* Splits glucose from glucosyl ceramide. Hence, accumulates glucocerebroside.* Glucosyl ceramide - Cerebrocide accumulates in cell of reticuloendothelial system.Clinical history:* Hepatosplenomegaly with crumpled tissue paper appearance on biopsy - Highly suggestive of Gaucher's disease.* Pancytopenia & thrombocytopenia secondary to hypersplenism.* Widened marrow cavity - Due to Gaucher's cells deposition. - Expansion of bone is prominent - Especially at lower end of femur & humerus. - Causes pathologic fracture & bone pain.Treatment:* Enzyme replacement therapy done with natural or recombinant glucocerebrocidase.(Ref Harrison 19/e p432-e5; Robbins 9/e p151-154, 8/e p153; Nelson 20/e p708, 19/e p487, 488, 500)", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 5b6b6084-a498-4fff-b639-2e44d71e0fe3 | [{'content': 'Drug of choice in acute bacterial meningitis \nSelect and explain. \nA. Erythromycin, B. Ceftriaxone, C. Sulfisoxazole, D. Cefoperazone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 6b86f0c4-8038-4e49-8789-2a288d123aa7 | [{'content': 'IgA deposits in dermal papilla are characteristically seen in? \nSelect and explain. \nA. A. Dermatitits herpetiformis, B. B. Pemphigus vulgaris, C. C. Bullous pemphigoid, D. D. IgA dermatosis of childhood', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: A. Dermatitits herpetiformisDermatitits herpetiformis is diagnosed by a blood test for IgA antibodies, and by a skin biopsy in which the pattern of IgA deposits in the dermal papillae, revealed by direct immunofluorescence, distinguishes it from linear IgA bullous dermatosis and other forms of dermatitis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | b92d77c7-0eeb-411f-952f-ffb56e8f11fe | [{'content': 'A drop in fetal heart rate that typically last less than 2 minutes and usually associated with umbilical cord compression is called: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Early deceleration, B. Late deceleration, C. Variable deceleration, D. Prolonged deceleration', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | c57fffae-d994-4330-aece-6019507ac1c0 | [{'content': 'Microscopic examination of chromosomes shape, size and arrangement is known as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chromosomal mapping, B. Karyotyping, C. Inheritance testing, D. Genotyping', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | a8ef25e9-36e4-48e8-b3ad-48c4b138c6f8 | [{'content': 'Chimerism phenomenon is associated with which of the following- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Paternity test, B. Maternity test, C. Person identification test, D. organ transplantation case', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. organ transplantation caseChimerism can occur in animals is by organ transplantation, giving one individual tissues that developed from a different genome. For example, transplantation of bone marrow often determines the recipient's ensuing blood type.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 4d23c715-87a3-47f7-94be-e54bb0e6288b | [{'content': 'In a middle aged female swelling that presents in the midline of neck is most likely originating from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Larynx, B. Trachea, C. Thyroid, D. Hyoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | fade5c9e-4f2d-4cfd-90e3-99a69f09fbf9 | [{'content': 'Which of the following drug has gametocidal action all species of Plasmodium? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primaquine, B. Chloroquine, C. Quinine, D. None of these', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Primaquine: It is gameticidal against all species of Plasmodium i.e. vivax, ovale, falciparum, malariae. Hence, it is DOC to prevent transmission of malaria. It is also used for Radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria as it can kill hypnozoites as well. Chloroquine and Quinine: Gameticidal against P. vivax species only', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 90e45b2e-7087-4390-8d01-75bde6ed9f71 | [{'content': 'Treatment of diastema because of a thick labial frenum is done: \nSelect and explain. \nA. After frenectomy, B. Before eruption of canines, C. After eruption of canines, D. Before frenectomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 22c12f88-d394-4d93-8be6-336a477a51b4 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not true about screw feed technology \nSelect and explain. \nA. Reduces weight by 30%, B. Reduces volume by 80%, C. Ideal for pathological waste, D. Non-burn heat sterilization technique', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Ideal for pathological wasteScrew-Feed Technology:A non-burn, dry thermal disinfection processWaste is reduced by 80% in volumeWaste is reduced by 20-35 % in weightSuitable for treating infectious waste and sharpsShould not be used to process pathological, cytotoxic, or radioactive waste.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 13781885-cf02-490f-ba56-152d97ccb152 | [{'content': 'Bacteria are most commonly ENGULFED by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neutrophilic leukocytes, B. Large granular lymphocytes, C. Small lymphocytes, D. Killer cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 2b85c83e-8fee-49cc-a779-c901db39290b | [{'content': 'Which of the following is true about intracellular iron homeostasis in iron deficiency anemia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transferrin receptor-1 iron responsive elements increase transferrin receptor mRNA concentration and synthesis, B. Transferrin receptor-1 iron responsive elements decrease transferrin receptor mRNA concentration and synthesis, C. Apoferritin mRNA iron response element decreases and ferritin synthesis decreases, D. Apoferritin mRNA iron response element decreases and ferritin synthesis increases', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Transferrin receptor-1 iron responsive elements increase transferrin receptor mRNA concentration and synthesisIn iron deficiency anemia, transferrin receptor-I iron responsive elements increase transfetin receptor mRNA concentration and synthesis."The regulation of iron metabolism at the cytoplasmic mRNA level by interaction of iron regulalory protein (IRP-I) and the iron-responsive elements (IREs) to apoferritin mRNA and transferrin receptor mRNA. When the cytoplasmic iron concentration is low, IRP-I binds to the IREs of both mRNAs.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 4fec3e84-b821-4da3-b300-dc0ad6c32608 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive neoplasm? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Synol sarcoma, B. Fibromatosis, C. Ewing sarcoma, D. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumorInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive neoplasm.Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, though rare, is more common in children, with an equal male-to-female ratio.Presenting symptoms include fever, cough, chest pain, and hemopytsis. It may also be asymptomatic.Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)- Anaplastic lymphoma kinase also known as ALK tyrosine kinase receptor or CD246 (cluster of diff-erentiation 246) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by ALK gene.Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Positive NeoplasmsAnaplastic large-cell lymphomasAdenocarcinoma of lungFamilial neuroblastomaInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | abed431b-5d40-4df7-9f7b-4088185b5728 | [{'content': '%lost radio-resistant cells in retina \nSelect and explain. \nA. Retinal pigment epithelium, B. Ganglion cell layer, C. Rods and cones, D. Bipolar cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Ganglion cell layer (Ref Radiation Retinopatliv. ,(1991) 5. 239-251)Ganglion cells are an example of highly specialized cells that have undergone extensive maturation, are the most radioresistant cells in the retina.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d339b10a-b196-4275-be32-cf575bb7f506 | [{'content': 'Port wine stains are seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nevus, B. Haemangionna, C. Melanoma, D. All the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | e33fee37-ca36-4d99-887d-2349c1beb5c1 | [{'content': 'As compared to blood, vitreous humor has high concentration of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sodium, B. Potassium, C. Glucose, D. Ascorbate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Ascorbate(Ref Yanoff and Duker 4/e p353)As compared to blood, vitreous humor has high concentration of ascorbate.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin | be07e8f6-e306-4b6c-b36e-6ec18e0043e5 | [{'content': 'An 8-year-old boy presents with well defined annular lesion over the buttock with central scarring that is gradually progressive over the last 8 months. The diagnosis is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Annular psoriasis, B. Lupus Vulgaris, C. Tinea Corporis, D. Chronic granulomatous disease', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: B i.e. Lupus vulgarisAnnular plaque with central scarring - Typically seen in Lupus vulgaris.Most common sites in India = Buttocks and face.Cause:The underlying focus of TB (bone, joint or lymph node).Contiguous extension of disease from underlying affected tissue.By hematogenous or lymphatic spread.Arise after exogenous inoculation.A complication of BCG vaccination.Features & manifestations:Cutaneous TB more commonly affects buttocks & extremities rather than the face.Such a pattern is usually due to reinoculation and may relate to playing without clothing or shoes.Lesions:Becomes flat plaques with a serpiginous or polycyclic outline & a smooth surface or psoriasiform scaling: there may be erosions, ulceration, and scarring.Hyperophic forms appear as a soft mass with a nodular, hyperkeratotic surface.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 797c13b3-6566-46d8-9dbf-d6bb1e17ed5d | [{'content': 'Which of the following is a reactive lesion of the gingiva that may demonstrate bone radiographically and often even microscopically? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Osteoma, B. Peripheral ossifying fibroma, C. Traumatic neuroma, D. Irritation fibroma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 40a2d8d2-a4f8-439f-ab5f-e67dea706031 | [{'content': 'The percentage of fluoride used in iontophoresis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1%, B. 2%, C. 4%, D. 8%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fa2a0cb0-f5b4-4353-9c23-b256c3e73e71 | [{'content': 'Glazing of the layer crack is seen because Of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thermal shock, B. Contamination, C. Incompatible, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4b23b26b-c4d1-4273-af66-90c76a7a777c | [{'content': 'MTA barrier in open apex is made up to? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 3mm, B. 5mm, C. Depend on length of canal, D. 1mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 03b86472-e565-4e69-bd54-d84383824de1 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is microaerophilic - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Campylobacter, B. Vibrio, C. Bacteroides, D. Pseudomonas', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Microaerophilic: Require small amount of oxygen (5%) e.g. Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Mycobacterium bovis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | ccaa5421-7958-40bb-ac48-a08641e7e13c | [{'content': 'Oncotype Dx test is done to for the following in breast cancer: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chemotherapy in hormone receptor positive patients, B. Hormone therapy in hormone positive, C. Chemotherapy in hormone receptor negative patients, D. Herceptin in Her-2-neu +ve.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Chemotherapy in hormone receptor positive patients(Ref Harrison I9/e p528; DX:Multigene tests.Uses:To guide chemotherapy decisions for,Node-negative cases.Hormone receptor-positive cases.HER2-negative breast cancer.Used clinically for early-stage breast cancer predicting recurrence risk & guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 1a4b278a-1f53-4306-ba5e-7b5e303120be | [{'content': 'A 25 yr old person with history of repeated episodes of rheumatic fever is hypersensitive to penicillin. Which of following drug can be prescribed to him? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Penicillin G, B. Sulfisoxazole, C. Sulfasalazine, D. Streptomycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 156f862e-9e92-4070-b0f0-7beacc93d11b | [{'content': 'Major determinant of loading dose of a drug is:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Half life, B. Clearance, C. Volume of distribution, D. Bioavailability', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: LOADING DOSE = Vd * target plasma concentration The loading dose is primarily dependent on the volume of distribution of drugs. The loading dose is administered to achieve rapid action of drugs having high the volume of distribution. MAINTENANCE DOSE = Clearance * target plasma concentration', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 03c11d83-2266-4c72-89f9-fa2615c10ae2 | [{'content': 'Auriculotemporal nerve encircles which artery \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superficial temporal artery, B. Superficial temporal vein, C. Middle meningeal artery, D. Deep temporal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | a28af149-bf4b-4c9a-a4bf-5f6387f945e9 | [{'content': 'A young patient has been admitted with A and had massive hemorrhage. He needs to be transfused with large amounts of fluids. Which IV cannula is preferred? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Grey, B. Green, C. Blue, D. Pink', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Greenused for routine blood transfusions, transfusing large volumes of fluid, intravenous feeding of patients and the harvesting and separation of stem cells.Refi ATLS 18th edn; 2018, Chapter 3 ShockColorSizeExternal diameter(mm)Length(mm)Water flow rate (mL/min)Recommended usesOrange14G2.1 mm45 mm-240 mL/minTrauma, rapid blood transfusion, surgeryGray16G1.8 mm45 mm--180 mL/minRapid fluid replacement, trauma, rapid blood transfusionGreen18G1.3 mm32 mm--90 mL/minLarge volumes of fluid, Rapid fluid replacement, trauma, rapid blood transfusionPink20G1.1 mm32 mm--60 mL/minMost infusions, rapid fluid replacement, trauma, routine blood transfusionBlue22G0.9 mm25 mm--36 mL/minMost infusionsNeonate, pediatric, older adults routine blood transfusion Yellow 24G 0.7 mm 19 mm --20 mL/minMost infusions neonate, pediatric, older adults, routine blood transfusion, neonate or pediatric blood transfusion Purple 26G 0.6 mm 19 mm --13 mL/minPediatrics, Neonate', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: ENT | e584f190-0cb1-4ef7-9e2a-e4f0ccc8e01b | [{'content': 'Cranial nerve that is not involved in olfaction:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glossopharyngeal, B. Vagus, C. Hypoglossal, D. Trigeminal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Olfaction - 1. Ohonasal (odor in inspired air) 2. Retro nasal (odor in expired air) Food in mouth - swallowing and deglutition 1. Chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve): taste from anterior 2/3rd tongue 2. Lingual nerve: pain, tactile and temperature from anterior tongue 3. Greater superficial petrosal nerve: taste from palate 4. 9th and 10th CN: taste from posterior tongue and throat CN 5,7,9 & 10 help to regulate olfaction. Add smell to taste. Hypoglossal nerve that is pure motor nerve supply muscle of tongue.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | be215652-7a51-4c13-89f7-c5e747c322c7 | [{'content': 'Difference between mandibular and maxillary premolars is that in the mandibular premolars: \nSelect and explain. \nA. The buccal and lingual cusps are more prominent, B. The lingual cusp is sharper and longer, C. The lingual surface rounded and less developed, D. The buccal surface is rounded and Less developed', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8b9c73e9-4e2e-4e4b-8216-9c043a1282cf | [{'content': 'Simple random sampling is ideal for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vaccinated people, B. Heterogenous population, C. Homogenous population, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | be51a97c-7791-4710-8fd5-87de14ec3c09 | [{'content': 'Dead bone appears on a radiograph as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Radiolucent, B. Radio-opaque, C. Cotton wool appearance, D. Salt and pepper appearance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | ab0d7b68-3f9b-4879-b13f-09f33ede7424 | [{'content': 'Which of the following resembles caries in radiographs? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zinc oxide eugenol, B. Zinc phosphate, C. GIC, D. Polymethyl methacnilate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 491ed54a-1b54-45f6-a2cb-613580c57297 | [{'content': 'Beveling of the pulpoaxial line angle of a class II cavity\nis done to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase the strength of the restoration, B. Improved marginal adaptation, C. To prevent the fracture of enamel, D. To prevent the fracture of amalgam', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 8853753a-6c65-4f57-bf02-82365bb4059c | [{'content': 'Most potent topical anesthestic is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mepivacaine, B. Prilocaine, C. Benzocaine, D. Tetracaine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | b3278b6a-2f6e-4a05-87c1-18772ca70c83 | [{'content': 'A 7-year old boy presented with severe abdominal pain. On examination, he had xanthoma. Blood sample was taken for work-up blood sample had milky appearance of plasma. Which of the following lipoprotein is increased? \nSelect and explain. \nA. LDL, B. HDL, C. Chylomicron, D. Chylomicron remnants', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. ChylomicronType I or V hyperlipoproteinemia:Features:Severe abdominal pain, xanthomas & milky appearance of plasma.Elevated levels of chylomicrons.(Ref. Harrison 19/e p2438-2447, 18/e p3148).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pharmacology | dc3b4878-5fcb-4cd0-b31d-594a5320655a | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not used in hea failure? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metoprolol, B. Trimetazidine, C. Sacubitril, D. Nesiritide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Beta blockers in hea failure -Beta blockers are contraindicated in acute hea failure but they can be used in chronic hea failure. At first beta blockers should be staed at low dose, dose should be increased gradually so that predominant action is on kidneys not on hea. Beta blockers used are - Carvedilol, metoprolol and bisoprolol. Sacubitril - It is NEP(neutral endopeptidase) inhibitor, which is required for metabolism of BNP(brain natriuretic peptide) as a result BNP levels are increased resulting in natriuresis and vasodilation. Thus can be used in CHF. Nesiritide- It is recombinant BNP. It is given through subcutaneous route. Trimetazidine -it is a metabolic modulator. it paially inhibits beta oxidation of fatty acids which results in shifting of metabolism of hea muscles from fatty acids to glucose Which require less amount of oxygen so beneficial for the patient of angina pectoris but not used in hea failure.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 6ea9c844-6c19-4b2a-81ff-b31837c44bd9 | [{'content': 'The most common gene defect in idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome – \nSelect and explain. \nA. ACE, B. NPHS 2, C. HOX 11, D. PAX', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | d810c51c-b15e-40e7-9d7c-2eff29038877 | [{'content': 'Ligamentum flavum consists of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Type-II collagen, B. Type-III collagen, C. Reticulin, D. Elastin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. ElastinLigamentum flavum connects the laminae of adjacent veebrae.The ligamentum flavum has a high content of elastin. So under tension it can be stretched by 80% without damage.Functions of ligamentum flavum to provide a constant smooth lining to the veebral canal, which is never overstretched in flexion and which never goes slack in extension.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 810e4333-a984-4b47-821a-d6dddd1615d7 | [{'content': 'All of following are recognized manifestation of acute Rheumatic fever except –a) Abdominal painb) Epistaxisc) Choread) Subcutaneous nodules \nSelect and explain. \nA. ac, B. a, C. ad, D. ab', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Subcutaneous nodules and chorea are the major criteria.\nEpistaxis and abdominal pain are nonspecific and usually do not occur.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 804473d2-7d4f-4632-a335-576fb1ab23a3 | [{'content': 'Following are functions of prostaglandins except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase capillary permeability, B. Uterine contraction, C. Lowers blood pressure, D. Elevates blood pressure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4eeb0fe3-c514-4b93-85eb-6c4010460ec6 | [{'content': 'Complete denture teeth are in edge to edge contact in centric occlusion. What should be done? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Grind the centric holding cusp, B. Grind the lingual fossa of upper and lower incisors, C. Grind the cusp in such a way that the incline of the upper cusp slides buccally and lower cusp slides lingually, D. Grind the cusp in such a way that the incline of the upper cusp slides lingually and lower cusp slides buccally', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | b0b7042b-be4c-42ad-8507-897cb8e6efd6 | [{'content': 'Position of adenoid is in the ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypopharynx, B. Oropharynx, C. Trachea, D. Nasopharynx', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 4533155d-56f9-45a9-bd1b-9eb25c7f0ed0 | [{'content': "Anterior two third of the tongue is demarcated from the posterior one third by: plexus, 2-long thoracic plexus, 2-long thoracic \nSelect and explain. \nA. Passavant's ridge, B. Sulcus terminalis, C. Circurnvallatepapillae, D. Filifonn papilla", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Sulcus terminalis(Ref Gray's 41/e p5 I I, 40/e p503)Anterior two third of the tongue is demarcated from the posterior one-third by sulcus terminalis.Tongue:Divided by a V-shaped sulcus terminalis.Fuher divides tongue into,Anterior, oral (presulcal) pa facing upwards.Posterior, pharyngeal (postsulcal) pa facing posteriorly.Anterior pa forms about two-thirds of tongue length.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2020, Subject name: Orthopaedics | f822dfed-f142-4583-b7c2-779cf63ccad6 | [{'content': 'Fish tail deformity in a child is seen after injury to? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Distal Tibia, B. Distal Femur, C. Distal humerus, D. Distal Radius', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Fishtail deformity of the elbowis characterized by a contour abnormality of the distal humerus, which develops when the lateral trochlear ossification centers fails to develop or resorbs. It is an uncommon complication usually following a distal humeral fracture in childhood.Whilst initially presumed to be a benign condition, long-term follow-up suggests that patients withfishtail deformityare prone to: functional impairment ongoing pain development of early osteoahrosis', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d945a9d8-2cd7-4c27-9abd-0fa469d2c9f1 | [{'content': 'A radiograph of the mandibular posteriors\xa0in a patient reveals radiopacity\xa0above the apices of right 1st molar. No restoration\xa0or cavity present. There is no pain or swelling and the pulp is vital. The diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Periapical granuloma, B. Cementoblastoma, C. Radicular cyst, D. Chronic abscess', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Radiographic Features:\nThe tumor mass is attached to the tooth root and appears as a well-circumscribed dense radiopaque mass often surrounded by a thin, uniform radiolucent line. The outline of the affected root is generally obliterated, because of resorption of the root and fusion of the mass to the tooth.\nThe associated tooth is vital, unless coincidentally involved. The lesion is slow-growing and may cause expansion of cortical plates of bone, but is usually otherwise asymptomatic.\nRef: Shafer's textbook of oral pathology 7th edition page 736", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8bc0d73f-fbc3-498a-b838-c5fbc2e3d873 | [{'content': 'Major fimbrial structural component of P. gingivalis is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Kgr, B. KgP, C. Fim A, D. Fim C', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 08f757d6-1296-48c4-8307-d4e61d2979b9 | [{'content': 'A female of 36 weeks gestation presents with hypertension, blurring of vision and headache. Her blood pressure reading was 180/120 mm Hg and 174/110 mm Hg after 20 minutes. How will you manage the patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Admit the patient and observe, B. Admit the patient, start antihypertensives and continue pregnancy till term., C. Admit the patient, start antihypertensives, MgSO4 and terminate the pregnancy, D. Admit oral antihypertensives and follow up in out-patient department', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: In the question, patient is pres enting with\n\nHeadache\nBlurring of vision\nB/P = 180/120 mm of Hg (later 174/110 mm of Hg)\n\ni.e. she is a case of severe pregnancy induced hypertension.\nFirst step in the management of this case would be to prevent seizures i.e. give MgSO4.\nHer B/P should be controlled with antihypertensive and since pregnancy is >34 weeks, therefore terminate pregnancy (which is the definitive management).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | d0de8433-05e9-4391-ad03-5b228436ccd5 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not glucogenic? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pyruvate, B. Oxaloacetate, C. Acetyl-CoA, D. Lactate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Acetyl-CoA(Ref. Harper 30/e p185, 29/e p187)Acetyl CoA is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis (not glucogenic) and cannot be conveed back to glucose."Acetyl CoA is not a substrate for gluconeogenesis and cannot be conveed back to glucosee. This is because acetyl CoA cannot be conveed back to pyruvateQ since its carbon backbone is lost in citric acid cycle as CO2."', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 653eb6f4-cf9c-44e1-8399-d9bf6d1784e4 | [{'content': 'Reduction in the fusion temperature of dental gold casting alloys is caused by presence of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Platinum, B. Copper, C. Silver, D. Gold', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | fab914c7-2813-4300-bddb-e6815e4e6597 | [{'content': 'Highly vascular tumor of brain and spinal cord in adults: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metastasis, B. Pilocytic astrocytoma, C. Hemangioblastoma, D. Cavernous malformation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C (Hemangioblastoma)Hemangioblastoma represents the MC primary intra-axial tumor in the adult posterior fossa.Occur almost exclusively in the posterior fossa (cerebelluma)Solid or cystic with a mural nodule.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 2842876c-766c-4b9b-a630-8233d82da426 | [{'content': 'The patient suffered from hypogonadism, failure to thrive, loss of taste and unable to maintain stability. This shows the deficiency of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zinc, B. Chromium, C. Copper, D. Potassium', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 276c90f1-588a-4be0-a288-352e63ebf824 | [{'content': "At which stage of Nolla's, the tooth starts erupting? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stage 5, B. Stage 6, C. Stage 7, D. Stage 8", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 8cfb49e4-4f0b-4e40-b9f7-2eba10852a63 | [{'content': 'The primitives palate is formed from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Frontonasal process., B. 2 palatal process., C. Maxillary process., D. All of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Palate is formed by fusion of 3 components.\n\n\xa0Two palatal processes, derived from maxillary process.\n\xa0The primitive palate, formed from the fronto nasal process', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | cf8e8909-c78e-4f68-b79b-ba07123468bf | [{'content': 'Palatogingival groove is seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular lateral incisor, B. Maxillary lateral incisor, C. Mandibular 1st premolar, D. Maxillary first premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: PALATOGINGIVAL GROOVE:\n\nIn Maxillary central and lateral incisors\nMay contribute to\n\n\n\xa0Periodontal (AND/OR)\n\xa0Pulpal pathology\n\n\nTo detect the effect:\n\n\n\xa0Vitality testing\n\xa0Probing\n\n\nRadiograph\nTreatment:\n\n\n\xa0Burning out the groove\n\xa0Surgical management', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 45588c4c-da93-43ca-8ee4-05feb851be68 | [{'content': 'Which is not a branch of the external carotid aery supplying nasal septum? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sphenopalatine, B. greater palatine, C. superior labial, D. anterior ethmoidal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. anterior ethmoidalThe nasal septum also derives its blood supply from :Branches from the external carotid aery are the sphenopalatine aery, the greater palatine aery, the superior labial aery, and the angular aery.The main branches from the interior carotid are the anterior ethmoidal aery, and the posterior ethmoidal aery that supplies the septum, and these derive from the ophthalmic aery.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pharmacology | 5814145c-8aed-4f7e-abf1-ba410ab7e2cb | [{'content': 'Prucalopride is a \nSelect and explain. \nA. 5HT4 agonist, B. 5HT2b agonist, C. 5HT2b antagonist, D. 5HT1a paial agonist', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Prucalopride-* It is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist marketed recently in Europe, UK and Canada for the treatment of chronic constipation in women, when other laxatives fail to provide adequate relief.* It activates prejunctional 5-HT4 receptors on intrinsic enteric neurones to enhance release of the excitatory transmitter ACh, thereby promoting propulsive contractions in ileum and more prominently in colon.* Prucalopride is shown to have low affinity for 5-HT1B/1D receptor, as well as for cardiac K+ channels. It is therefore, believed to be free of cardiovascular risk. No Q-T prolongation has been noted during clinical trial.* Side effects are headache, dizziness, fatigue, abdominal pain and diarrhoea; but generally subside during use.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 55e6d4ea-c155-4ee4-a163-8c0e3e111db7 | [{'content': 'Dicor restoration is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Two coloured restorations, B. Heat pressed ceramics, C. Castable ceramic, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | aa2ee1f7-0913-43ef-a2c4-b96eb63e967b | [{'content': "Cysts associated with vital teeth are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dentigerous cyst, Globulomaxillary cyst, lateral periodontal cyst, OKC, B. Dentigerous cyst, Globulomaxillary cyst, radicular cyst, C. Dentigerous cyst, OKC, radicular cyst, D. 'B' & 'C'", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 92908923-9b0f-403b-8457-71c1c546eee4 | [{'content': 'Metal coping seen in upper anteriors is suggestive of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cast post & core, B. PFM crowns, C. Metal coping with high stiffness, D. Metal coping with low stiffness', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Radiopaque post and core seen in anterior teeth suggestive of a cast post with core.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 9f83f560-e7d6-4ad7-8e04-34e3e4830f23 | [{'content': 'Common carotid artery divides to ICA & ECA at: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cricoid cartilage, B. Thyroid cartilage, C. 1st tracheal ring, D. Cricothyroid membrane', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8c5568c4-2a9d-4a89-97ba-ce39ee127ceb | [{'content': 'Algophobia is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phobia of closed space., B. Phobia of large space., C. Phobia of pain., D. Phobia of animals.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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