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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | efa89b57-bec6-4dd6-a969-0a6f61ce5c8d | [{'content': 'A driver wearing seat belt applied brake suddenly to avoid a collision. Which of the following body pas is most likely to be injured? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Liver, B. Spleen, C. Mesentery, D. Abdominal aoa', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C (Mesentry)Most common organ injured in seat belt injury is Mesentery.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | c5bc52bf-c316-48d2-9c03-ed4ac17338ab | [{'content': 'Drug not given in PCOD in a 30-year-old lady with infeility? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Clomiphene, B. Tamoxifen, C. OCPs, D. Metformin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Tamoxifen(Ref: Jeffcott 6/e p205; Shaws 16/e p431-434, 15/e p371, 14/331-332, 13/353-354; Novak 's 15/e pl 076. Duna Gvnae 6/e p470)Drug not given in 30-year-old PCOD lady with infeility - Tamoxifen.Treatment of PCOD:Dexamethasone 0.5 mg at bedtime - Reduces androgen production.In Clomiphene failed group - Ovulation induced with FSH or GnRH analogues.DOC - Metformin - Treats root cause of PCOS, rectifies endocrine & metabolic functions and improves feility.Surgery (laparoscopic multiple puncture of cyst) - Reserved for failed medical therapy, hyperstimulation cases & GnRH analogue usage.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 07f12102-6d93-4392-a50f-fb7424f73683 | [{'content': 'According to Kim and colleagues which of the following describe type IV isthmus? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Two canals with a definite connection between them, B. Complete or incomplete isthmus between three or more canals, C. Very short, complete Isthmus between two canals, D. Two or three canal openings without visible connections', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | df4548bb-09a0-4e3c-bb29-843a92365e59 | [{'content': 'Heavy and light body impression materials are used with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mercaptan, B. Silicone, C. Reversible hydrocolloid, D. 1 and 2', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Elastomeric impression materials:\nThey are supplied in two components, a base paste and a catalyst paste (or liquid) that are mixed before making impressions. They are often formulated in several consistencies, including extra low, low, medium, heavy, and putty, in increasing order of filler content. Extra-low and putty forms are available only for condensation and addition silicones.\nPolysulfide is provided only in light-body and heavy-body consistencies. There is no heavy-body product for condensation silicone. Pigments are added to give each material a distinct color.\nThe base paste, is a polysulfide polymer that contains a multifunctional mercaptan (-SH) called a polysulfide polymer, a suitable\xa0 filler\xa0 (such as lithopone or titanium dioxide) to provide the required strength, a plasticizer (such as dibutyl phthalate) to confer the appropriate viscosity to the paste, and a small quantity of sulfur, approximately 0.5%, as an accelerator.\nReference: PHILLIPS’ SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS, 12th ed page no 153', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a343b113-be09-419c-8fc2-159e59643646 | [{'content': 'In comparison to maxillary central incisor, maxillary canine has a height of contour that is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. More, B. Less, C. Same, D. Different on different teeth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 8cb5bf8f-4c7e-4bbb-8462-9a2564d0d002 | [{'content': 'Bite cells are seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. G6PD deficiency, B. SCA, C. Hereditory spherocytosis, D. Trauma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 6f4e74ac-0e46-463b-9a42-f9439b6f7851 | [{'content': 'The decreased phosphate levels seen in hyper parathyroidism is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decreased intestinal phosphate absorption, B. Increased calcium excretion, C. Decreased renal phosphate absorption, D. Increased loss of phosphate in urine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Medicine | d14e6c46-6260-4e50-b24e-19218c4c9587 | [{'content': 'A patient on Anti - tubercular therapy develops tingling sensation in the limbs. Which of the following when substituted can result in improvement of symptoms? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thiamine, B. Pyridoxine, C. Folic acid, D. Methylcobalamine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Tingling sensation in limb on ATT: ISONIAZID toxicity (Peripheral neuritis) which occurs due to deficiency of vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) So pyridoxine supplementation is given in this case.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a9df804d-c8d7-4afa-ad5d-776b64742bab | [{'content': 'A permanent tooth with fracture involving apical one\nthird of root after treatment, would most likely: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Exhibit internal root resorption, B. Remain vital and functional, C. Be ankylosed, D. Exhibit external root resorption and exfoliate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 186af66b-9099-48fc-96cf-45e14c0de97d | [{'content': 'The effect of enlarged Adenoids on the maxillary growth is by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Narrowing of maxilla, B. Widening of maxilla, C. Palatal plane tipped upwards at PNS, D. Palate descends down', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | ec05b29c-97f8-4ae5-afe3-f51a00f9fa6f | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not true of boiling water \nSelect and explain. \nA. It can kill hepatitis B virus, B. Used for sterilizing surgical instruments, C. Can kill mycobacterium tuberculosis, D. Can kill vegetative bacterial cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 8d7403ad-85b7-4f4f-868e-93b7ecf53e72 | [{'content': 'Marker appearing last in MI \nSelect and explain. \nA. LDH, B. CPK-MB, C. Troponin T, D. Troponin I', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fcb698be-6cbb-47ac-81e0-f40be2a42583 | [{'content': 'Patient reports with severe throbbing pain in relation\nto mandibular second molar. The tooth is sensitive to both hot and cold food and elicits a painful response on percussion. What would be your treatment of choice? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Incision and drainage of Periapical area, B. Endodontic therapy, C. Indirect pulp capping, D. Partial pulpectomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 3ab3f07b-5fea-4896-9242-6b5aac41890c | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not true about the larynx? \nSelect and explain. \nA. All intrinsic muscles are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, B. Cricothyroid is supplied by the external laryngeal nerve, C. Posterior cricoarytenoid abduct the vocal cords, D. Lymphatic drainage of the larynx is to the deep cervical nodes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: All intrinsic muscles are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid is supplied by external laryngeal nerve.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 61c39bd2-2c7b-4c23-8e2a-1cb85161670f | [{'content': 'Etanercept is a disease-modifying drug used in management of rheumatoid ahritis. What is its mechanism of action? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inhibition of TNF alpha, B. COX-2 inhibition, C. IL-6 inhibition, D. Stabilization of mast cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Inhibition of TNF alpha Gilman 12/e p182; KDT7/e p883, 6/ep205).Etanercept:Fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA.It fuses the TNF receptor to the constant end of the IgG1 antibody.It reduces the effect of naturally present TNF.Hence a TNF inhibitor, functioning as a decoy receptor that binds to TNF.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | d66af6e8-2849-4a0d-a98c-a3a0942bbce3 | [{'content': 'A6 month old child with Tetralogy of Fallot develops cyanotic spell initiated by crying. Which one of the following drugs you would like to avoid – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sodium bicarbonate, B. Propranolol, C. Phenylephrine, D. Isoprenaline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: In Tetralogy of Fallot there is right outflow obstruction due to pulmonary stenosis with supravalvular pulmonary artery obstruction.\n\n\nIn case of severe obstruction, the right ventricular pressure becomes greater than the left ventricular presence and the deoxygenated blood starts moving to the left ventricle resulting in severe cyanosis and erythrocytosis.\nIn this situation the aim is to increase blood flow towards the right heart. The methods adopted are compression of Aorta (knee chest position) and use of vasopressor drugs like methoxamine (Phenylepinephrine is also a vasopressor).\nAny condition or drug which causes peripheral pooling of blood should be avoided because this will reduce return of blood to heart.\nTherefore isoprenaline which has marked 13, agonistic action should be avoided as it will cause vasodilatation which leads to peripheral pooling of blood. This will be harmful in a case of Tetralogy of Fallot.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 709f4d14-4462-4615-8827-be22270e2b55 | [{'content': 'For root fracture it is imperative to take X-ray at? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 45°,\t90°, B. 90°, C. 90°,\t110°, D. 45°,\t90°, 110°', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pediatrics | 520eac4c-4814-4538-984c-670900ddd93d | [{'content': "A 5 year child is brought with brown coloured urine and oliguria since 3 days with mild facial puffiness and pedal edema with 3+ proteinuria, BP 126/90. Urine examination shows RBCs 100/hpf and granular casts. Which of the following doesn't present with this finding? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Minimal change disease, B. Membranous glomerulonephritis, C. FSGS, D. IgA nephropathy", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Glomerular Syndromes Nephrotic Syndrome Nephritic Syndrome Urinary albumin >3.0 - 3.5 gm/24 hours Hematuria/RBC casts Hypoalbuminemia Oliguria Edema Hypeension Hyperlipidemia Decreased GFR Lipiduria Proteinuria +/- Causes SGN (HIV), MGN (SLE, Hep B, Cancer - solid tumors), Mi minimal (children), MPGN (HepC)F Others : DM, Malignancy, vasculitis, amyloidosis Focal glomerulonephritis -IgA nephropathy - Focal SLE (Type III) Diffuse glomerulonephritis - Post infectious - Diffuse SLE (Type IV) IgA nephropathy: Most common presentation asymptomatic microhematuria with mild proteinuria', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | c2c17a3d-3302-481b-8550-6985d54126c7 | [{'content': 'An alert 6 months old child is brought with vomiting & diarrhea. RR–45/min, HR–130/min, S P–85 mm of Hg. Capillary refilling time is 4 secs. Diagnosis is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Early compensated hypovolemic shock, B. Early decompensated hypovolemic shock, C. Late compensated hypovolemic shock, D. Late decompensated shock due to SVT', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Hypovolemic shock in children may have following stages : -\n\n\nEarly compensated : - Immediately after hypovolemia, body tries to maintain the BP to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs through a compensatory mechanisms.\nLate uncompensated : - If shock state continues or the compensatory mechanisms are not enough to maintain the metabolic needs of the tissue, the shock, goes into uncompensated phase.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin | 725d9973-1082-4c9b-b4fb-9c63a4615e63 | [{'content': 'Postherpetic neuralgia is defined as pain lasting beyond how many weeks? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 week, B. 2 weeks, C. 3 weeks, D. 4 weeks', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. 4 weeks(Ref Fitzpatrick 6/e p2302, 7/e p490-493, 1873-1898; Rooks 8/e p33.14-33.22; Roxburgh 18/e p52-54).Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN):Most common & impoant neurologic complications of herpes zoster.Defined as pain after the rash has healed or pain 1 month or 3 months after rash onset.Best answer would be 4 weeks.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 798a13b0-ae35-4eba-b72b-6c935926e452 | [{'content': 'Swelling and redness of the orifices of minor salivary glands of the palate occurs in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nicotinic stornatitis, B. Leukoplakia, C. Fovea palatine, D. Erythroplakia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 56a4d5b8-c2e7-4534-9511-a30ff0769814 | [{'content': 'A child is diagnosed to have acute gastroenteritis. The consulting pediatrician wants to send a stool sample to a lab which is 16-18 hours away. Which of the following mediums should he use to send this sample – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Charcol cotton bud, B. Carry Blair medium, C. Sterilized jar, D. A medium with high CO2 content', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: In acute gastroenteritis stool culture should be obtained as early as possible.\n"Fecal specimens that cannot immediately be plated for culture can be transported to the laboratory in a non-nutrient holding medium such as Carry-Blair to prevent drying or overgrowth of specific organisms".', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f4665cfe-6dc5-47c6-88f2-e890fc86cb7c | [{'content': 'GIC was developed by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Barnum., B. Wilson and Kent., C. Bowen., D. Herman.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 7be32b1f-e535-4f51-95e1-2dc3d223d9bc | [{'content': 'The first sensation to be lost following administration of local anesthetic is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Proprioception, B. Pain, C. Touch, D. Temperature', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | af64e0dd-f66f-496a-8b0d-13daf729cf5f | [{'content': 'Drug causing toxic optic neuropathy is:March 2009 \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pyrazinamide, B. Chloroquine, C. Ethambutol, D. Tetracycile', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C: EthambutolCauses of nutritional optic neuropathy include tobacco, ethanol, thiamine, and vitamin B-12.Causes of toxic optic neuropathy include chemicals and drugs, such as methanol, ethylene glycol, ethambutol, isoniazid, digitalis, cimetidine, vincristine, cyclosporine, toluene, and amiodarone.Chloroquine causes loss of vision due to retinal damage. Corneal deposits may also occur and affect vision, but are reversible on discontinuation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pediatrics | 2988090f-7d5e-40a5-ba16-3198f4e345a3 | [{'content': 'A 6 years old child with development delay, can ride a tricycle, can climb upstairs with alternate feet, but downstairs with 2 feet per step, can tell his name, known his own sex, but cannot narrate a story. What is his development age? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 3 years, B. 4 years, C. 5 years, D. 2 years', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Milestones at 2-4 yrs of age: Age Gross motor Fine motor Language 24 months Walks up and downstairs (2 feet/step) Jumps Tower of 6 blocks Draws veical and circular stroke Turn pages of a book, one at a time Puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object) 36 months Rides a tricycle, can steer and pedal Alternate feet going upstairs Can build a tower with 9 blocks Can copy circle Can dress and undress fully Knows full name,age and sex 48 months Hopes on one foot Alternate feet going Downstairs Throws ball overhand Copies cross Tells story So the child in the question though has chronological age of 6 years, but his developmental milestones are that of a 3 year old child. Hence, his Developmental age is 3 years Extra Edge: Developmental Quotient (DQ) = Developmental age/ Chronological age * 100 = 3 yr. / 6 yr. * 100 = 50', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 24ee7b54-bd3e-4152-9a09-3fe73f3cfcfe | [{'content': 'A 20 years old woman has been brought to casualty with BP 70/40 mm Hg, pulse rate 120/min. and a positive urine pregnancy test. She should be managed by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Immediate laparotomy, B. Laparoscopy, C. Culdocentesis, D. Resuscitation and Medical management', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Patient is being brought to the casualty with - BP = 70/40mm, P/R = 120/min (i.e. she is in shock).\nHer urine pregnancy test is positive i.e. she is a case of ruptured ectopic.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 0e84d442-cf46-4dde-a0dc-42f862dd171f | [{'content': 'Major mechanism of action of nitrates in acute attack of angina is:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Coronary vasodilation, B. Decreases in preload, C. Decreases in afterload, D. Decreases in hea rate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Aim for the treatment of classical angina is decrease in work of hea. It can be accomplished by decrease in preload, decrease in afterload or decrease in hea rate. Nitrates act by production of nitric oxide (NO). NO stimulates guanylate cyclase in smooth muscles which leads to formation of cGMP. Later acts on smooth muscles to cause vasodilation. Nitrates mainly produce NO in veins leading to its predominant action as venodilation. Dilation of veins results in decrease in pre-load. Therefore major mechanism of action of nitrates in angina is decrease in preload. However, in variant angina these drugs benefit by causing coronary vasodilation as variant angina occurs due to vasospasm of coronary aery.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c1677f58-425d-4434-87be-810ee5433f9c | [{'content': 'Black Extension for prevention to MID (Minimally invasive dentistry), all are true except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Site & size of lesion, B. Technique & Material used, C. Increase number of cariogenic bacteria, D. Minimal preparation of cavity', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4f0750e5-1479-453d-85f2-5b532aa130a9 | [{'content': 'In dental composite 75 % by weight filler is approximately what % volume of filler? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 85, B. 90, C. 60, D. 50', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | ca49d5c3-9678-4b4f-b10d-4021802c636d | [{'content': 'In penicillin allergy, penicillin acts as a: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hapten, B. Carrier, C. Super antigen, D. Toxin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 43f1ea33-49ee-498f-93d6-b2beae375a55 | [{'content': 'A 12 years old boy develops sore throat of 4 day s duration. On examination, yellow grayish patch seen over both the tonsils and foul smell coming from his mouth. Which of the following non-suppurative complication is of concern? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acute rheumatic fever, B. Acute glomerulonephritis, C. Both acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis, D. Scarlet fever', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C (Both acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis)In streptococcal infections, both acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis are non-suppurative complication and is of concern.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | aa9f6ffb-1c54-4556-b121-b0b5578f33e9 | [{'content': 'In a patient with implanted cardiac pacemaker (defibrillator),which of the following investigation is useful to know the position of the misplaced implant ?. \nSelect and explain. \nA. X-ray, B. CT scan, C. MR1, D. USG', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. X-ray (Ref Hurst s The Hea 13/e p1050)Hurst\'s says "Lead dislodgement maybe radiographically visible or it maybe a microdislodgement, where there is no radiographic change in position, but there is significant increase in pacing threshold and/or decline in electrogram amplitude.Lead dislodgement may result in an increasing pacing threshold, failure to capture, or failure to sense. Lead dislodgement maybe radiographically visible or it maybe a microdislodgement, where there is no radiographic change in position, but there is significant increase in pacing threshold and/or decline in electrogram amplitude.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | d4208506-5d94-4956-8af6-8dd7c471ae8b | [{'content': 'What is the effective management of a dengue patient with warning signs without shock and haemorrhage- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Steroids, B. Platelet transfusion, C. IV fluids, D. Antiviral', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. IV fluidsSuppoive care with analgesics, fluid replacement, and bed rest is usually sufficient.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 6664aae4-2a0e-462e-a8c2-7f91ac2f24cd | [{'content': 'Most impoant but nonspecific regulator of iron metabolism is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hepcidin, B. DMT I, C. Ferropoin, D. Ferritin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Hepcidin(Ref Robbins 91e p650 848 8/e p660)Hepcidin:Main regulator protein for iron absorption.Encoded by HAMP gene.Small circulating peptide synthesized & released from liver in response to increased intrahepatic iron levels.Proteins Involved in Iron MetabolismCeruloplasmindeg (ferrioxidase activity)DMT1degFerrireductasedeg (cytochrome b reductase I)FerritindegFerropinHeme transpoerHemojuvelinHepcidindegHephaestindegHFEdegIron-responsive element-bindingproteindegTransferrindegTransferrin receptors 1 & 2', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | c0991329-cb18-490a-b032-579c7331ffad | [{'content': 'Treatment of solitary langerhans histiocytoma of mandible is by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Curettage, B. Radiotherapy, C. No treatment required, D. Chemotherapy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 07ae43c4-3dc2-4ac3-b14e-43c8df876506 | [{'content': 'In PHC, which anticoagulant is used to send the blood sample for blood glucose: \nSelect and explain. \nA. EDTA, B. Heparin, C. Potassium oxalate + sodium fluoride, D. Potassium oxalate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 112a2f9e-e59f-4ae5-913f-9592aa573e18 | [{'content': 'HIV sentinel surveillance provides data: \nSelect and explain. \nA. To monitor disease trends, B. To identify high risk population, C. To estimate disease incidence, D. To assess the quality of related services', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. To monitor disease trendsAlthough the HIV sentinel surveillance data has been primarily used for monitoring the trends, i.e. to assess how rapidly HIV infection increases or decreases over the time in different groups and areas, it can also provide an estimate of the total burden of HIV infection in the counttyHIV Sentinel SurveillanceAfter the establishment of the fact that the HIV infection is present in wide geographic areas, the objective of the sentinel surveillance was redefined to monitor the trends of HIV infectionQThe objective of the surveillance is best achieved by annual cross-sectional survey of the risk group in the same place over a few years by unlinked anonymous serological testing procedures by two ERS (i.e. when HIV testing is carried out without identification of name of samples collected for other purposes such as VDRL in STD clinics.) The number of samples to be screened must represent the risk group under study and the sample size is determined accordingly.Although the HIV sentinel surveillance data has been primarily used for monitoring the trends, i.e. to assess how rapidly HIV infection increases or decreases over the time in different groups and areas, it can also provide an estimate of the total burden of HIV infection in the countryQ', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 97c32c95-28ad-44b2-8077-2f9a1c0468fd | [{'content': '1,1,1,1 Tetra-floroethylene is applied during cold test testing with? \nSelect and explain. \nA. # 4 Cotton pellet, B. # 2 Cotton pellet, C. # 6 Cotton pellet, D. # 8 Cotton pellet', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 23584eb9-34a0-4962-bb04-1abc7ac34f3f | [{'content': 'A radiotherapist prescribes a new drug combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. It prolongs the survival. Which of the following is true in this situation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Incidence reduces and prevalence increases, B. Incidence remains the same and prevalence increases, C. Incidence reduces and prevalence remains the same, D. Incidence increases and prevalence reduces', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. Incidence remains the same and prevalence increasesIncidence: Number of new caseq occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time.It is expressed as per 1000 per year.Incidence is a rateIncidence is not affected by duration of diseaseUse of in incidence is generally restricted to acute conditions.This is a much more accurate measure of risk than prevalence.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 56e99b61-7d98-4e09-aa8a-e267fa924351 | [{'content': 'Receptors for olfactory sensation are present in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lateral walls, B. Nasal septum, C. Lateral wall and nasal septum above superior concha, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pathology | 2ff9fad7-263d-4611-a707-626809334f2c | [{'content': 'What processing should be done of the blood before transfusion to reduce chances of febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR)? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Irradiation, B. Washing, C. Leucocyte reduction, D. Glycolisation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: 1. The reason for the development of allergy is the presence of plasma and the process of washing helps in the removal of residual plasma. if the Patient is having a history of allergy - Antihistaminic drugs -reduce the chances of development of allergic reactions during blood transfusion. 2. Irradiation - reduces the chance of development of Graft Versus Host Disease. Irradiation - causes - reduction in the number of the immunocompetent cells (lymphocytes mainly) Irradiation of cellular blood components (red blood cells, platelets, and granulocytes) is indicated to prevent the development of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD). Patients at risk of TA-GVHD include immunocompromised patients who are receiving a bone marrow or stem cell transplant and fetuses undergoing an intrauterine transfusion. Irradiation is also indicated for recipients of components collected from a blood relative or HLA-matched donors. 3. Leukocyte reduction - Leukoreduction of whole blood and blood components has been shown to reduce recurrent febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, reduce alloimmunization to leukocyte antigens that may complicate care of patients whoundergo transplantation or chronic transfusion therapy, and protect against transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) to patients at increased risk of CMV disease. antibodies in the recipient - react with donor leukocytes - release of cytokines - cause fever- known as Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction. 4. Glycolisation - addition of glycol. useful in autologous blood transfusion - increases the life span of RBC. If the patient is having a history of development of anaphylaxis after blood transfusion, the patient is most likely to be suffering from IgA deficiency.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | aba2b078-4340-4cc2-95b3-52e1fceb87ff | [{'content': 'All the following nerves are related to the mandible except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lingual nerve, B. Auriculotemporal nerve, C. Chorda tympani, D. Mental nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The sensory information form the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and palate is carried along the greater petrosal nerve, while the chorda tympani nerve (and lingual nerve) carries taste input from the anterior two thirds of the tongue, floor of mouth, and palate.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3b5e1975-f74b-426e-8869-43b353f8a100 | [{'content': 'Which of the following statements about high copper silver alloy compared to conventional alloy in not true? \nSelect and explain. \nA. It has increased tensile and compressive strength, B. It has poor tarnish and corrosion resistance, C. Its edge strength is greater, D. Mercury content in the final restoration is less', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dba5fe86-0faa-4037-bc20-e6b88972370d | [{'content': 'After amalgam polishing, the outermost surface has crystals arranged flattened to tooth surface. This layer is known as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Beilby layer, B. Beillyl layer, C. Beibyl Layer, D. none of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 75804c47-d068-4944-a996-6fdb3d2379e5 | [{'content': 'Nutra sweet is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Saccharin., B. Aspartame., C. Xylitol., D. Sorbitol.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Saccharin and aspartame are two artificial sweeteners commonly available. Saccharin is 100 times sweeter than sucrose and contains no calories.\nAspartame, commonly known as nutra sweet, is a combination of the aminoacids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It is 200 times more sweeter than sucrose.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | c4169d37-8378-47f0-a9e6-6ae62b6046fd | [{'content': 'Which of the following drugs is not used in typhoid fever? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Amikacin, B. Ciprofloxacin, C. Cefixime, D. Azithromycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. AmikacinRef: Sharma & Sharma's Principles of Pharmacologt, 3d ed., pg. 74t-749 and htrys://www.uplodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prevention-of-enteric-typhoid-und-paratyphoid-feverAmikacin is a commonly used aminoglycoside.Antimicrobial spectrum of aminoglycosides does not include salmonella.It is used in gentamycin and tobramycin resistant infections.It is used for organisms like Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Serratia. It is also effective in MDR-TB.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 78fc72f1-b950-427c-aa07-fe36d04d8c42 | [{'content': 'Opium poisoning is treated with:MAHE 06; Bihar 12; UPSC 13 \nSelect and explain. \nA. Naloxone, B. Atropine, C. Neostigmine, D. Physostigmine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. Naloxone', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 7a42db5f-21a1-41f2-a436-17f685bbea63 | [{'content': 'Onodi cells and Haller cells are seen in relation to following respectively - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Optic nerve and floor of the orbit, B. Optic nerve and internal carotid artery, C. Optic nerve and nasolacrimal duct, D. Orbital floor and nasolacrimal duct', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The Onodi and Haller cells are posterior ethmoidal air cells.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9a420a52-014a-4db4-be1b-ba06f1de7904 | [{'content': 'Junctional epithelium \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lines the gingival sulcus, B. Is permeable, C. Is derived initially from the outer enamel epithelium, D. Is attached to enamel by desmosomes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 6101f100-7f2c-4957-8862-e5abfc113729 | [{'content': "A child present with recurrent sinusitis and recurrent chest infections. Chest X–ray reveals dextrocardia and situs invertus. The diagnosis is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Kartagener's syndrome, B. Good–pasture's syndrome, C. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, D. William Campbell syndrome", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Kartagener's syndrome is a subgroup of primary ciliary dyskinesia.\n\tPrimary ciliary dyskinesia:\nIt is an autosomal recessive syndrome.\nIt is characterized by poorly functioning cilia. There is absence or shortening of Dynein arms that are responsible for the coordinated bending of cilia.\nApproximately half of the patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have kartagener's syndrome.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a326307c-820f-42d6-8e8e-747df5bbdd20 | [{'content': 'In expansion screws an expansion of 90° causes an expansion of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 0.20 mm, B. 0.10 mm, C. 0.36 mm, D. 0.09 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5c99553b-a9ad-4919-add4-93a6487f139c | [{'content': 'The function of a sprue is to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Form an opening for molten metal to enter the mold, B. Help polish cast restorations, C. Eliminate air bubbles on the wax pattern, D. Reproduce fine detail', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 4db71792-b492-48c3-8010-6dd96bc484e2 | [{'content': 'A nurse got accidental prick from the HIV infected needle. Which of the following is T/F regarding the management of this nurse?a. Lamivudine used as monotherapy in post-exposure prophylaxis (t/f)b. Washing hands advised(t/f)c. Viral markers at the time of prick(t/f)d. Repeat serology at 6 weeks (t/f) \nSelect and explain. \nA. b,c,d true a false, B. a, b true c,d false, C. b,c true a,d false, D. All true', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. b,c,d true a false* Lamivudinemonotherapy is the incorrect option. Instead, dual drug therapy of Tenofovir 300mg + Lamivudine 300mg (FDC) is recommended.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 68589d4c-ad15-4989-a235-a242d226503a | [{'content': 'Peripheral eosinophila with renal failure is least likely to be possible in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Drug-induced interstitial nephritis, B. Drug-induced interstitial nephritis, C. Atheroembolic renal failure, D. Polyangitis nodosa', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer. d. Polyangitis nodosa (ref- Wallach interpretation of diagnostic test 8/e pg 95-96)Peripheral eosinophilia with renal failure is least likely to be possible in polyangitis nodosa.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ba3c920c-6281-42ca-8f2e-45a3dfdc5c3e | [{'content': 'Largest permanent tooth in mouth is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary 1st molar, B. Mandibular 1st molar, C. Maxillary canine, D. Mandibular canine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 261c602e-7e6f-4cf8-9231-13182b2db849 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is TRUE about propagated nerve action potential? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decremental, B. Not affected by hypoxia, C. Fastest in C fibers, D. Not affected by membrane capacitance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Acute and chronic hypoxias are associated with reduced nerve conduction velocity, neuronal action potential generation and axonal transport. In the central neurons, the reduction of nerve cell excitability in hypoxia is primarily because of increased K+ conductance. So, hypoxia also affects action potential. But compared to other statements, its can be the answer.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d6f5cf46-9b31-4489-8989-beff9c456484 | [{'content': "Translocation seen in Ewing's sarcoma is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. t(8,11), B. t(11,22), C. t(11,18), D. t(14,18)", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. t(11,22)Genetic exchange between chromosomes can cause cells to become cancerous. Most cases of Ewing's sarcoma (85%) are the result of a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22, which fuses the EWS gene of chromosome 22 to the FLI1 gene of chromosome 11. Other translocations are at t(21;22) and t(7;22).", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | d0697a02-3e59-40a9-a2e4-8fae8ebf5e9b | [{'content': "A 60 years old male with alcoholic liver disease presented to emergency with a history of hematemesis. Which of the following is false regarding his management' \nSelect and explain. \nA. Somatostatin infusion is indicated, B. Negative nasogastric aspirate does not exclude variceal bleed, C. Nasogastric tube inseion can provoke variceal bleeding, D. Upper GI endoscopy is done initially", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Nasogastric tube inseion can provoke variceal bleedingOctreotide is the preferred pharmacologic agent for initial management of acute variceal bleeding.Management of Acute Variceal Bleeding:Patients should be admitted to an ICU for resuscitation and managementa.Blood resuscitation should be performed to a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL.Over-replacement of packed red blood cells and the overzealous administration of saline can lead to both rebleeding and increased moality.Administration of FFP and platelets in patients with severe coagulopathy.Shunt therapy (surgical shunts or TIPS) has been shown to control refractory variceal bleeding.Combination of pharmacologic and EVL therapy improve initial control of bleeding and increase the 5-day hemostasis rate.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | ced0e6e7-048a-467e-aa7e-e10def9ebb5e | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not used as a disinfectant? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1-2% Cetrimide, B. 100% Alcohol, C. 2% Lysol, D. 5% Chloroxylene', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: A 70% solution of alcohol takes more time in evaporation from the surface, increasing the contact time. Therefore, 70% isopropyl alcohol is suitable for disinfection.\xa0\n100% isopropyl alcohol coagulates the protein instantly creating a protein layer that protects the remaining protein from further coagulation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c4021919-6161-4c71-9f5d-f34b079667f7 | [{'content': 'Young’s formula for calculating pediatric dose of a drug is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Age / Age+12 x Adult dose, B. Age / 20 x Adult dose, C. Weight (pounds) / 150 x Adult dose, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Remember, the age denoted here is chronological age.\nOption 1 is Young’s formula to calculate pediatric dose.\nOption 2 is Dilling's rule to calculate pediatric dose.\nOption 3 is Clark's rule to calculate pediatric dose.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 0b6464fb-9991-443f-bb5b-bdcb155f282e | [{'content': 'Most common site for melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy is (MNTI): \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxilla, B. Mandible, C. Ethmoid bone, D. Cervical spine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Anatomy | 744e4dce-b8f1-447f-a964-bea1bbe98edf | [{'content': "Liver is divided into eight segments according to Couinaud's classification based upon \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bile Duct, B. Poal vein, C. Hepatic Vein, D. Hepatic aery", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Segmental anatomy of liver. Liver is divided into 8 segments by DAV structures (bile duct, hepatic aery, poal vein) Poal vein is most impoant among them Left hepatic vein separates medial & lateral segments Right hepatic vein separates anterior & posterior segments Poal vein separates upper & lower segments From surgical perspective, right hepatectomy - involve division of liver in principle plane in which segment V, VI, VII, VIII would be removed leaving segments I, II, III, IV Hepatic vein is now removed from couinaud's classification", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 5d46461c-0db2-437a-b7a9-f638efc4d6a7 | [{'content': 'Mantle cell Carcinoma shows \nSelect and explain. \nA. CD 5+, CD 25-, B. CD 5+, CD 10+, C. CD 5+, CD 23+, D. CD 5+, CD 23-', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | d3d896df-5856-43da-9baa-4f4ddaefde74 | [{'content': 'The drug which gives orange colour to the urine is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rifampicin, B. Ethambutol, C. INH, D. Streptomycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 9a704b1d-b36c-4f55-b1f1-89af27e8c346 | [{'content': 'A 27 years old pregnant lady comes with severe jaundice and altered sensorium. On examination, the patient is deeply icteric, not responding to commands and pelvic sonogram reveals intrauterine fetal death. Serum bilirubin levels are 28.8 mg/dL (direct = 18.6 mg/dL), AST levels are 1063 and ALT levels are 1191. The viral markers are as follows. What is the likely diagnosis?Anti-HAV IgGReactiveAnti-HAV IgMNonreactiveHbSAgNon reactiveAnti-HbSAgNonreactiveAnti-HBc IgMNonreactiveAnti-HBc IgGReactiveAnti-HCV IgGNonreactiveAnti-HEV IgMReactiveAnti-HEV IgGNon reactive \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acute hepatitis E superimposed on chronic liver failure due to hepatitis B, B. Fulminant hepatitis due to hepatitis B infection, C. Acute hepatitis E with chronic hepatitis A, D. Fulminant hepatitis due to hepatitis E infection', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Fulminant hepatitis due to hepatitis E infection(Ref: Harrison 191e p2018, 18/e p2546)In the question, anti-HBc IgG is reactive but HbsAg is negative, the case is a recovered case from hepatitis B.Hepatitis A is rarely chronic, can he ruled out from the given options.Anti-HAV IgG suggests recovered case from HAV infections.Anti-HEV 1gM is an indicator of acute hepatitis E infection.History of pregnancy and high serum bilirubin with raised AST and ALT is suggestive of fulminant hepatitis E.Commonly Encountered Serologic Patterns of Hepatitis B InfectionHBsAgAnti-HBsAnti-HBcHBeAgAnti-HBeInterpretation+-IgM+-* Acute hepatitis B, high infectivity+-IgG+-* Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivitydeg+ IgG-+* Late acute or chronic hepatitis B, low infectivitydeg* HBeAg-negative (`precore-mutant) hepatitis B (chronic or rarely acute)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 0c07c2bf-0cb4-4dba-91d6-f3cad091298b | [{'content': 'In a patient of liver disease, the possible complication during extraction is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dry socket, B. Fascial space infection, C. Bleeding, D. Loss of clot', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 92ffd21c-7c27-4993-ba50-4145217b05cb | [{'content': 'Dengue shock syndrome is characterized by the following except : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hepatomegaly, B. Pleural effusion, C. Thrombocytopenia, D. Decreased haemoglobin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Dengue hemorrhagic fever :\n\nFever.\nMinor or Major hemorrhgic manifestations.\nHepatomegaly.\nThrombocytopenia 100,000/mm3.\nHypoalbuminemia.\nObjective evidence of increased capillaty permeability (hematocrit 20%).\nPleural effusion (by chest radiograph).\n\n\u200b\u200bCriteria for Dengue shock syndrome :\nIt includes those for dengue hemorrhagic fever plus, Hypotension or narrow pulse.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 24528759-5207-49f1-a4db-f80865d1d4ea | [{'content': 'Vascular event of inflammation in order-a) delayed prolonged- leukocytes mediated injuryb) immediate transient - mast cell activation lead to release of histamine bradykininc) immediate prolonged- direct endothelial injury by bacterial toxind) Somewhat delayed prolonged- sun exposure /heat stroke lead to mild endothelial injury \nSelect and explain. \nA. ABCD, B. DCBA, C. ACDB, D. BDCA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- DB, D, C, A', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 6d740ff7-c57b-4f62-a953-14e8b41fba76 | [{'content': 'Endotoxin of gram -ve bacteria that do not cause pathogenesis of natural disease \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mycobacterium, B. Klebsiella, C. Vibrio, D. E.coli', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin | ce7d3beb-17f5-416a-9584-6fdf807f4d99 | [{'content': 'A 24 years old female presented with patchy hair loss in the right temporal and occipital region. Examination revealed non- scarring alopecia with multiple small broken hairs. Scrapings from scalp showed mild inflammation, peri-follicular hemorrhage and surrounding mild lymphocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Alopecia areata, B. Androgenic alopecia, C. Loose anagen hair, D. Trichotillomania', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Trichotillomania (Ref: Rooks 8/e p55, Fitzputrick 6/e p/55).Patchy hair loss in the right temporal and occipital region in a 24-years-old female non- scarring alopecia with multiple small broken hairs and mild (sparsity) of a perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate is highly suggestive of trichotillomania.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 559bd98c-cf2d-475b-bdda-9ce9bd283dac | [{'content': 'Decalcification and discoloration of teeth occurs during orthodontic treatment due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acid etching, B. Poor oral hygiene, C. Leakage of cement around bands, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 2da045d5-171a-4102-a9f5-2de62997fa2c | [{'content': 'A 4 yr old girl child suffering from vomiting, cerebral edema and is being treated for viral infection from past 5 days. Liver biopsy in this patient may show \nSelect and explain. \nA. Central haemorrhagic necrosis, B. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, C. Autoimmune hepatitis, D. Microvesicular steatohepatitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 55e1814e-a9eb-4cd7-8dbe-a1a994748b75 | [{'content': 'Currently used radiographic method for working length determination is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Grossman technique, B. Ingels technique., C. Bregman technique., D. None of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 37439d71-3558-4ceb-85af-8332c259afe1 | [{'content': 'A patient who is a known case of CKD has complaints of vomiting. His ABG repos are as follows: pH - 7.40, pCO2 - 40, HCO3 - 25. Na -145, chloride-100. \nSelect and explain. \nA. Normal anion gap met acidosis, B. High anion gap met acidosis, C. No acid base abnormality, D. High anion gap metabolic acidosis with metabolic alkalosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. High anion gap metabolic acidosis with metabolic alkalosis Even though ABG looks completely normal - clinical history is the key here.CKD patients generally have high AG metabolic acidosis. On the background of that he has developed vomiting (which is an alkalotic state). Both opposing disorders have normalized the ABG. But the patient is actually having a double disorder.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 148ede41-fcdf-4bf9-bccd-122e5f9cc206 | [{'content': 'Impression compound base: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Low thermal conductivity, B. Crystalline structure, C. Formation of cross linkage with heating, D. High fusion temperature', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Impression compound\xa0\nThe thermal conductivity of these materials is very low, indicating the need to allow an extended time to achieve thorough cooling and heating of the compound. The material should be uniformly soft at the time it is placed in the tray and thoroughly cooled in the tray before the impression is withdrawn from the mouth. Cold water can be sprayed on the tray while it is in the mouth until the compound is thoroughly hardened prior to removal of the impression tray.\nFailure to attain a complete hardening of the material before withdrawing the impression can result in a significant distortion of the impression by relaxation.\nReference: PHILLIPS’ SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS, 12th ed page no 178', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Surgery | 4d0e668d-e920-4deb-b5c5-7e633bd276fb | [{'content': 'Patient had a A and put on mechanical ventilation, he is opening his eyes on verbal command, Moves all his 4 limbs spontaneously. What will be his GCS score? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 9, B. 10, C. 11, D. 12', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: GLASGOW COMA SCALE Revised GCS (2014) Eye Opening (E) Verbal Response (V) Best Motor Response (M) Spontaneous 4 Oriented 5 Obeying commands 6 To Speech 3 Confused 4 Localizing 5 To pressure 2 Words 3 Normal flexion (withdrawal) 4 None 1 Sounds 2 Abnormal flexion 3 None 1 Extension 2 None 1 Pupils Unreactive to Light Pupil Reactivity Score Both Pupils 2 One Pupil 1 Neither Pupil 0 GCS specifically recommends avoiding sternal rubs as it causes bruising & responses can be difficult to interpret. They also do not recommend routine use of retromandibular pressure. Revised GCS (2014) changes are underlined & highlighted in the above table. Maximum score -15, minimum score- 3 Best predictor of outcome: Motor response Repoing of Non-testable Score Aspects: In cases of a non-testable aspect, the new GCS should only be noted in its components. Any element that cannot be tested should be marked as NT. for "not testable". For intubated patients or patients with tracheostomy, VNT is used. It is no longer recommend to assign 1 point to non-testable elements, therefore a combined score should not be used. E- Opening of eyes on verbal command - 3 M-Movement of all 4 limbs spontaneously - 6 V-Patient on mechanical ventilation - Non-testable-0 The GCS score is (E3VNTM6) 9 for this patient.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 00b68a41-476c-4506-9961-35e03dd44243 | [{'content': 'Which of the following enzyme is common between glycogenesis and glycogenolysis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glycogen synthase, B. Glycogen phosphorylase, C. Glucan transferase, D. Phosphoglucomutase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D.PhosphoglucomutasePhosphoglucomutase enzyme is common between glycogenesis & glycogenolysis.Reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase is reversible.Hence, glucose 6-phosphate can be formed from glucose I-phosphate.In liver & kidney, (not in muscle) glucose 6-phosphatase hydrolyzes glucose 6-phosphate a glucose a Increases blood glucose concentration.(Ref Harper's 29/e p180; Harper 30/e p176, 177, 28/e p158, 333).", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 35932df7-1981-44e0-82c8-f767702851ff | [{'content': 'Common sign of occlusal trauma (TFO) is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tooth mobility, B. Fractures of cusps, C. Resorption of alveolar ridge, D. Widening of P.D ligament', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Orthopaedics | 7879facb-4a0b-424e-9997-25aae47a52aa | [{'content': 'What to be done next? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Extended curettage with allograft, B. Bone biopsy, C. Curettage, D. Extended curettage with autograft', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The given image shows a lytic area in the lower end of femur which extends up to the joint. The findings show Giant cell tumor , the only tumour which goes till the joint. The treatment of choice - extended curettage with autograft. To confirm GCT, bone biopsy is done next as histology is diagnostic.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 76419b60-8de5-4a78-b065-4382c8725441 | [{'content': 'Mechanism of action of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) as an antiviral agent is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inhibition of M2 receptor, B. Neuraminidase inhibition, C. Inhibition of RNA dependent DNA polymerase, D. Apoptosis of infected cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. Neuraminidase inhibitionThe neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir, analogs of sialic ocid, interfere with release of progenyinfluenza vitus from infected host cells, thas halting the spread of infection within the respiratory tract. These agentscompetitively and reversibly interact with the active enzyme site to inhibit viral neuraminidase activity at low nanomolar concentrations.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 46872392-e33f-464f-a194-93ea23830da9 | [{'content': 'Which of the following cranial nerve not associated with olfaction? \nSelect and explain. \nA. XII, B. IX, C. V, D. X', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. XIIXII nerve is a motor nerve; does not play role in olfaction and gustation.Cranial Nerves -- Components and FunctionsNumberNameFunctionIOlfactory nerve Smell sensationIIOptic nerve VisionIIIOculomotor Turns eyeball upward, downward,and medially; Raises upper eyelid, alsoconstricts pupil; accommodates eyeIVTrochlear nerve It helps in turning eyeball downwardand laterallyVTrigeminalMaxillarydivisionSupplies dura mater of anterior paof middle cranial fossa, conjunctiva ofinferior eyelid, skin of face over maxilla;teeth of upper jaw; mucous membrane NumberNameFunction OphthalmicdivisionSupplies cornea, superior conjunctiva,skin of dorsum of external nose,forehead, scalp, superior eyelids, andalso mucous nasal cavity, ethmoid,frontal and sphenoid sinuses MandibulardivisionSkin of lower lip, buccal, parotid andtemporal regions of face, external ear(Auricle, tympanic membrane andacoustic meatus), mucous membraneof mouth and anterior two-third paof tongue. Supplies 4 muscles of mastication,mylohyoid, anteriorbelly of digastric, tensor tympani andtensor veli palatini VI Abducent Lateral rectus muscle turns eyeballlaterally NumberName FunctionVIIFacial Taste from anterior two-thirdsof tongue, from floor of mouth andpalate Muscles of face and scalp,stapedius muscle, posterior belly ofdigastric and stylohyoid muscles Submandibular and sublingualsalivary glands,the lacrimal gland, andglands of nose and palate VIII VestibulocochlearCochlear Organ of Coi--hearing VestibularFrom utricle and saccule andsemicircular canals--positionand movement of headIXGlossopharyngeal General sensation and taste fromposterior one-third of tongue andpharynx; carotid sinus (baroreceptor);and carotid body (chemoreceptor) NumberName Function Stylopharyngeus muscle--assistsswallowingParasympathetic parotid salivary gland X Vagus Hea and great thoracic blood vessels;larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs;alimentary tract from pharynx tosplenic flexure ofcolon; liver, kidneys, and pancreas XI Spinal accessory Cranial rootSternocleidomastoid and trapeziusmuscles Cranial root Muscles of soft palate (excepttensor veli palatini), pharynx (exceptstylopharyngeal), and larynx (exceptcricothyroid) in branches of vagus XII Hypoglossal Muscles of tongue (exceptpalatoglossus) controlling its shape andmovement', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 5bb0839c-7c3d-4f5e-a955-6f67ad0db7d9 | [{'content': "Regimen followed in expectant management of placenta previa: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Liley's method, B. Crede's method, C. Macafee and Johnson regime, D. Brandt-Andrews Method", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 8cc404b2-cdb1-4bea-be17-2dcd2edb48d8 | [{'content': 'Recommnended daily intake of iodine in pregnancy- \nSelect and explain. \nA. 90 microgram, B. 120 microgram, C. 150 microgram, D. 250 microgram', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. 250 microgramRecommended daily intake of iodine in pregnancy is 250 microgram.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 436d7d2f-93e5-4a85-84b5-f4c701863126 | [{'content': 'True about Levator Ani except - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Converge downwards & medially, B. Suppos viscera, C. Made up of iliococcygeus & pubococcygeus, D. Attached to pelvic brim', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. Attached to pelvic brimThe levator ani is made up of three pas:Iliococcygeus musclePubococcygeus musclePuborectalis muscleOrigin & Inseion:The levator ani arises, in front, from the posterior surface of the superior pubic ramus lateral to the symphysis behind, from the inner surface of the spine of the ischium and between these two points, from the obturator fascia.The fibers pass downward and backward to the middle line of the floor of the pelvis The most posterior are inseed into the side of the last two segments of the coccyx; those placed more anteriorly unite with the muscle of the opposite side, in a median fibrous ridge called the anococcygeal body or raphe, which extends between the coccyx and the margin of the anus.Action: Suppos the viscera in pelvic cavity', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 01b1ae45-1e78-43e1-bc18-a13e07539645 | [{'content': 'Glossy smooth margins of a casting are due to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Shrinkage of alloy on cooling, B. Investment breakdown, C. incomplete wax elimination, D. incomplete gas elimination', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 5b53950b-3426-4836-9c2f-23735fecc6aa | [{'content': 'A 5–years old male child presents with episodic anaemia and jaundice since birth. He is least likely to have which of the following \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hereditary spherocytosis, B. Siclde cell anemia, C. PNH, D. G–6–PD deficiency', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Causes of Jaundice since birth are:\n\n(i) Rh incompatibility (erythroblastosis fetalis)\nABO incompatibility\n\nCongenital infections (TORCH)\nSepsis\nConcealed hemorrhage\nRed cell membrane defect (hereditary spherocytosis)\nRed cell enzyme defect (G6PD deficiency)\n\n\nSo, option a & d can cause jaundice since birth.\nIn sickle cell anemia, affected infants do not develop symptoms in the first few months of life because the hemoglobin produced by the developing fetus (fetal hemoglobin) protects the red blood cells from sickling. This fetal hemoglobin disappears after 5 month of age so that by 5 months of age, the sickling of the red blood cells is prominent and symptoms begin.\nPNH is manfested in adults.\nSo, both PNH and sickle cell anemia does not cause jaundice since birth.\nBut among these two I would prefer PNH as the answer because it is manifested in adulthood while the patient in question is a 5-years old child.\nSickle cell anemia symptoms develop at the age of 5 months and it is one of the cause of jaundice', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ba5d61e1-087e-402b-9ea9-a4cc20f97c57 | [{'content': 'Best medium to transport/store an avulsed tooth, which is not to be reimplanted immediately? (OR) the medium which maintains the vitality of PDl and thus indicated for long duration transport of an avulse tooth \nSelect and explain. \nA. Viaspan, B. Hanks balanced salt solution, C. Coconut water, D. Milk', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 1488b57a-2f58-4b18-8124-e94d25e980fb | [{'content': "True statements regarding the calculation of HDI are all of the following except \nSelect and explain. \nA. In gross enrolment, only secondary education is considered, not primary education, B. 1/3rd weightage is given to adult literacy, C. 2/3`dweightage is given to gross enrolmen, D. Country's achievement is computed on the basis of adult literacy", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. Country\'s achievement is computed on the basis of adult literacyThe knowledge and education index of a country is computed on the basis of adult literacy rate and combined gross enrollment ratio."', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 56a82596-5a2c-461b-b6a4-00019b3e4eaf | [{'content': 'In complete bilateral palsy of recurrent laryngeal nerves, there is - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Complete loss of speech with stridor and dyspnea, B. Complete loss of speech but not difficulty in breathing, C. Preservation of speech with severe stridor and dyspnea, D. Preservation of speech and not difficulty in breathing', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | d5fc68b9-e8d6-4ddf-8581-03e75a01fdea | [{'content': 'Delayed neuronal migration and organization leads to ceain disorders. Which of the following is the least likely possibility? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lissencephaly, B. Schizencephaly, C. Polymicrogyria, D. Focal coical dyplasia without balloon cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. Focal coical dyplasia without balloon cells (Ref http://enm kipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal migration_ disorder)Delayed neuronal migration and organization leads to ceain disorders. Least likely possibility is focal coical dyplasia without balloon cells', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 53273e2b-2ecc-4a66-873f-4926a4a22c52 | [{'content': 'Enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis are all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pyruvate carboxylase, B. PEP carboxykinase, C. Pyruvate kinase, D. Glucose-6-phosphatase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer-c- Pyruvate kinaseMitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate, It is an ATP-requiring reaction, Biotin is the coenzyme.Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase: Catalyzes the decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate(PEPCK) (Cytosol) using GTP as the phosphate donor.The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose is catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5efc0877-615f-4154-ba76-46a27844c5a3 | [{'content': 'Concentration of adrenaline in local anaesthetic solution for achieving haemostasis & vasoconstriction at surgical site? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1:20000, B. 1:50000, C. 1:80000, D. 1:100000', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 63e48df0-7312-424d-a84e-799ae4d573ab | [{'content': 'While performing drainage of fluid from the pleural cavity, the needle is introduced through all of the following structures except- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Skin, B. Thoracic fascia, C. Pulmonary pleura, D. Intercostal muscles', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C (Pulmonary pleura)(Ref. BDC 5/e p Vol-l/p2l2)Pleural space lies between the parietal pleura and the visceral (Pulmonary) pleura.Parietal pleural lines the inner surface of the chest wall.Visceral pleura is invested on the surface of the lung.Thus to reach the pleural space for pleural fluid tapping, parietal pleura is pierced and not the visceral pleura.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 55eec4ea-ed68-45a3-87b9-74592b2ded6e | [{'content': 'Inter dose interval depends on? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Half life of drug, B. Dose of drug, C. Age of patient, D. Bioavailability of drug', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 50c890ad-538a-4ca0-9900-4736b795af01 | [{'content': 'Which is the most common type of congenital ossicular dysfunction? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Isolated stapes defect, B. Stapes defect with fixation of footplate and lenticular process involvement., C. Defective lenticular process of incus, D. None of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Stapes defect with fixation of footplate and lenticular process involvement.(Ref Nelson 20/e p3071)Most common type of congenital ossicular dysfunction is stapes defect with fixation of footplate and lenticular process involvement.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 4d0ad58c-0f6a-4711-ad6a-9481186ce5f4 | [{'content': 'Earliest transient change following tissue injury \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neutrophilia, B. Neutropenia, C. Monocytoses, D. Lymphocytoses', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9d85421e-e095-499b-b289-796a69b8740d | [{'content': 'Canine can be classified as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Haplodont, B. Triconodont, C. Tritubercular teeth, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | c7f81422-57d3-4a31-ae96-83ca3f999334 | [{'content': 'Microaneurysms are the earliest manifestation of diabetic retinopathy. Which of the following layer is involved in diabetic etinopathy? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Outer plexiform layer, B. Inner nuclear layer, C. Layer of rods and cones, D. Retinal pigment epithelium', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Inner nuclear layerMlcroaneurysms are the earliest clinical sign of diabetic retinopathy and occur secondary tocapillary wall outpouching due to pericyte loss.. Thev appear as small red dots' MicroaneurysStructural changes in the retinal microcirculation have been associated with a physiologic breakdown in the bloodretinalbarrier. ihus, the retinal microcirculation in diabetics may be exceptionally leaky, giving rise to macularedema, a common cause of visual loss in these patients.The vascular changes may also produce exudates that accumulate in the outer plexiform layerq", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 41c672e1-f83d-487a-a284-399e766a33a9 | [{'content': 'The type of bone present in the inter-radicular area is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cortical, B. Cancellous, C. Osteophytic, D. Exophytic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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