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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d5a3e0d8-3ce2-455c-96c6-b5b9fec203a0 | [{'content': 'Borders of major connectors adjacent to gingival crevices, should be no closer to the crevice\nthan? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1-2 mm, B. 2-3 mm, C. 3-6 mm, D. 7-10 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: In\xa0maxillary arch, border of major connector must be no closer than 6 mm to gingival crevices of teeth.\nIn mandibular arch, border of major connector must be no closer than 3 mm to gingival crevices of teeth.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 3630ec53-489c-4040-9003-c9778939649e | [{'content': 'Golgi bodies function as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Protein lipid synthesis, B. Protein synthesis, C. Sorting of glycoproteins, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d0b610ce-0221-413d-8d59-aca1b5a1a254 | [{'content': 'In Prothrombin time (PT) estimation, on addition of calcium and thromboplastin to platelet poor plasma. which of the following pathway is activated? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Extrinsic, B. Intrinsic, C. Fibrinolysis, D. Common', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. ExtrinsicIn Prothrombin time (PT) estimation, addition of calcium and thromboplastin to platelet poor plasma activates extrinsic pathway.The prothrombin time (PT) assay assesses the function of the proteins in the extrinsic pathway (factors VII, X,and .fibrinogen). In brief tissue factor, phospholipids, and calcium are added to plasma and the time for a fibrin clot to form is recorded.Prothrombin time (PT): This test assesses the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways. The clotting of plasma after addition of an exogenous source of tissue thromboplastin (e.g., brain extract) and Ca" ions is measured in seconds. A prolonged PT can result from deficiency or dysfunction of factor V, factor VII, factor X, prothrombin. or fibrinogen', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | e81f9080-63a6-4b59-88a1-28ed69c13055 | [{'content': 'true statement about golgi tendon organ is \nSelect and explain. \nA. High threshold, B. Dynamic response only, C. Detects length change, D. 3-25 muscle fibres', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 66af4905-caef-487f-8c22-6f6b94e002f2 | [{'content': 'Treatment for KOT is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandible resection with continuity defect and immediate reconstruction, B. Mandible resection without continuity defect and immediate reconstruction, C. Enucleation and peripheral osteotomy, chemical cauterization, D. Cauterization and delayed reconstruction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9974421e-f978-4413-879e-5767dbc0d682 | [{'content': 'Lingual bar is used in conditions where: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lingual sulcus is deep, B. Lingual sulcus is shallow, C. When splinting of adjacent teeth is require, D. When abutment teeth have poor bony support', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 3f14a758-0e86-43ba-a517-ce29c38b6dbf | [{'content': 'All of the following are used for screening cancers in females except \nSelect and explain. \nA. CA-125: Ovarian cancer, B. Office endometrial aspirate: Endometrial carcinoma, C. Pap smear: Cervical cancer, D. Mammography: Breast cancer', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Office endometrial aspirate: Endometrial carcinomaOffice endometrial aspirate is not used for screening of Endometrial carcinoma.Transvaginal ultrasound and endometrial sampling have been advocated as screening tests for endometrial cancer but benefit from routine screening have not been shown.`Screening for endometrial cancer should currently not be undeaken because of a lack of an appropriate, cost-effective and acceptable test that reduces moality. Routine PAP testing is an inadequate test that reduces moality. Routine PAP testing is inadequate and endometrial cytology assessment is too insensitive and non-specific to be useful in screening for endometrial cancer even in a high-risk population.' Screening TestDisease ScreenedPapanicolaou (Pap's) smearCervical cancerMammographyBreast cancerCA-125Ovarian cancerScreening TestThe screening test is used to search for an unrecognized disease or defect, in apparently healthy individuals, using rapidly applied tests, examination or other proceduresScreening TestDisease ScreenedPapanicolaou (Pap's) smearCervical cancerQMammographyBreast cancerQBimanual oral examinationOral cancerQELISAHIVQUrine for sugar, Random blood sugarDiabetes mellitusQAFPDevelopmental anomalies in fetusQDRE + PSAProstate cancerQFecal occult blood testColorectal cancerQCA-125Ovarian cancerQ", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Physiology | f64d5fed-0367-40d2-bdf2-cb288459a83a | [{'content': 'Maximum area in homunculus signifies? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Low control and skilled movements, B. More muscle fibers are present, C. Increased precisiveness of movements, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: 1. Solutions: - Motor homunculus - Area controlling muscles for speech - Muscles of thumb | Increased precision of movements - fine motor activities Ref: CH 56, page no. 707. 2. Sensory homunculus - Lips (greatest area) - Face & thumb | Size of area of represented directly propoional to the number of specialized sensory receptors in the respective peripheral area of the body. Ref: Guyton and Hall Ed 13,CH 48, page no. 612.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2764f129-0e83-45be-a4cb-71bd633ed2da | [{'content': 'All of the following hemostatic agents are used as perforation repair, except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Collagen, B. CaOH2, C. Ferric sulphate, D. Fridge dried bone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9ab1e53f-7a79-4422-a147-0a5b6936ecb9 | [{'content': 'Unattached gingiva: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Is interdental gingiva, B. Is below mucogingival fold, C. c)\tCannot be separated by probe, D. d)\tIs marginal gingiva', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | e321f1c5-710f-47d9-9632-b2a45152ea9d | [{'content': 'In case of nodal metastasis, which is not seen on CT scan \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spiculated node, B. Size more than 6 mm, C. Necrotic node, D. Rounded node', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 84b873f8-fb56-4767-8af8-8526e71bed62 | [{'content': 'Fixed drug eruptions are frequently seen with? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Penicillin, B. Sulfonamide, C. Cetirizine, D. Roxithromycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. B. SulfonamideDrugs causing fixed drug eruptionParacetamol (Phenacetin)SulfonamidesNSAIDsAspirinBarbituratesDapsoneTetracyclinesPhenylbutazone', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 7654b57a-4955-4f89-a828-a8c82995f619 | [{'content': "An autopsy was performed on a case of accidental death. It showed two linear fractures on petrous pa of temporal bone. Which of the following rules gives the sequence of fractures? \nSelect and explain. \nA. McNaughton's rule, B. Puppe's rule, C. Young's rule, D. Dunlop's rule", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Puppe's rule (Ref. Reddy 34/e p213. 33/e p225, Forensic Pathology 3/e p241, 110)Puppe's rule:Used to determine that which fracture line has occurred before the second one.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 5ced0a34-d022-4dd1-9782-072aa8c548bb | [{'content': 'Pharyngeal arches are rod like thickning of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endoderm., B. Ectoderm., C. Mesoderm., D. All of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 22353c7c-1ec6-4e29-9d81-81e5fb97e58d | [{'content': 'The average no of muscle fibres attached to one golgi tendon oragn are \nSelect and explain. \nA. 3-Jan, B. 10-May, C. 15-Oct, D. 15-75', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8bbcb007-44f0-460f-9e73-25f6006859fe | [{'content': 'Gene for Dentin mineralization \nSelect and explain. \nA. MAP1B, B. PHEX, C. DEN, D. PHIX', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | b874e4a2-0b9e-4333-b9b0-70a44664022a | [{'content': 'Which of these is an example of anaplerotic reaction? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pyruvate to oxaloacetate, B. Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA, C. Pyruvate to lactic acid, D. Pyruvate to acetaldehyde', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Pyruvate to oxaloacetateCarboxylation of pyruvate to oxuloacetate is an example of anaplerotic reactions."Anaplerotic reactions are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway. Examples of such are foundin the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle).Examples of Anaplerotic ReactionsCarboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetateTransamination of aspaate to oxaloacetate by aspaate amino transferaseaHydration of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate by glutamate-dehydrogenaseBeta-oxidation of fatty acids to succinyl-CoAIn purine synthesis & purine nucleotide cycle: Adenylosuccinate to fumarate catalyzed by adenylosuccinate lyase.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4669e9cb-e3f4-484f-be7a-0c30e319908e | [{'content': 'The most effective caustic that may be used locally in the treatment of hypersensitive dentin in the molars is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Alcohol, B. Chlorhexidine, C. Trichloro acetic acid, D. Silver nitrate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 357b068e-85e8-47c7-80e8-af83875a6986 | [{'content': "Orthodontically treated midline diastema is best retained by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hawley's appliance for 6 months, B. Hawley's appliance for 12 months, C. Bonded lingual retainer, D. No need for retainer as it is self-retained", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Advantages of lingual-bonded retainers\n\nLingual bonded retainers are invisible, hence, aesthetically acceptable.\nPatient comfort and compliance.\nRecommended in patients with compromised periodontal support.\nEffectiveness and reliability in the long term and permanent retention and help in retaining the orthodontically treated midline diastema.\n\nOrthodontics: Diagnosis and Management of Malocclusion and Dentofacial Deformities 3rd ed O P Kharbanda pdf no 1880', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | c27e7c0b-7d26-4ca7-b537-c44b71114d55 | [{'content': 'Poisoning by which of these elements causes blind staggers alkali disease in livestock? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Magnesium, B. Manganese, C. Selenium, D. Molybdenum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. SeleniumBlind staggers are no longer believed to be caused by selenium but by sulfate toxicity due to the consumption of high-sulfate alkali water and/or high sulfur-containing forages.Since Sulfate is not mentioned in Question we will go for selenium.Excess sulfate (>1% of diet) leads to polioencephalomalacia and the classical signs of blind staggers.Blind StaggersThis syndrome may occur within a brief period (a few days to a few weeks) after the animal has begun to take in very high dietary levels of selenium. The symptoms of this condition are: impaired vision, a depressed appetite, and wandering in circlesProlonged oral exposure of cattle to elevated dietary selenium (Se) is associated historically with 2 clinical syndromes:Alkali disease."Blind staggers".These two syndromes are not necessarily independent of one another. An animal may have only symptoms of one or the other or a combination of the symptoms of both. Both are associated with cardiac and skeletal muscle damage as well as hepatic damage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d67604c2-e273-417d-9c60-e10508104102 | [{'content': 'In a patient with allergy to costume jewelry, which of the following is contraindicated: \nSelect and explain. \nA. High gold, B. Low gold, C. Palladium — Ag, D. Ni — Cr', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pathology | e5be7962-590f-4590-bb2b-84860a14a42a | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the complication of massive blood transfusion? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metabolic acidosis, B. Metabolic alkalosis, C. Respiratory alkalosis, D. Respiratory acidosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Transfused blood contains chemical known as citrate and the liver conves this citrate into bicarbonate . High amount of bicarbonate in body leads to metabolic alkalosis', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 08f47219-09b9-4bc7-aedd-5d08db30d8ba | [{'content': 'Turku’s sugar study was related to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fluorosis, B. Dental Caries, C. Both, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | f8c972d0-7aa8-45f7-a333-823c27dd5db8 | [{'content': 'Maximum alveolar aerial oxygen difference is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pulmonary embolism, B. Severe asthma, C. Interstitial lung disease, D. Foreign body in upper airway', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Pulmonary embolism (Ref: Ganong 25/e p634, 24/e p634)In pulmonary embolism gradient increases to very high level (I0 to 83 mm Hg from normal level of 5 mm Hg).But normal Pa02 level on aerial blood gas analysis does not exclude the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.It is also increased in ILD.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | ef382bac-08a7-4b34-a5dc-e9eee5dc3cd7 | [{'content': 'Isosorbide 5 — mononitrate is preferred because \nSelect and explain. \nA. Less tolerance develops, B. Sublingual absorption is better, C. Longer duration of action, D. Direct coronary vasodilatory action is more', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | cf45037e-e487-43c9-aac6-203387a25b55 | [{'content': 'Dicor is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Castable ceramic, B. Metavite, C. Vitallium, D. Vita ceramic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c8f8d5ab-7894-42c8-99fd-87a0d20a7307 | [{'content': 'Which of the following premolars has a mesial marginal ridge more cervical than the distal marginal ridge: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary 1st premolar, B. Maxillary 2nd premolar, C. Mandibular 1st premolar, D. Mandibular 2nd premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b2f1f56c-5575-4db8-b63d-8f588b686083 | [{'content': 'Correlation between the height and weight of children is best represented by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Histogram, B. Line diagram, C. Scatter diagram, D. Bar diagram', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b0b6f267-45f5-42df-961a-d0ec855c33b3 | [{'content': 'Which among the following shows pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sq. cell carcinoma, B. Basal cell carcinoma, C. Verrucous carcinoma, D. Granular cell myoblastorna', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | cd0edc92-8fb3-4f97-b0ce-d74446009179 | [{'content': 'A person was advised by his ohopedic surgeon to get regular dressing of his wound done. But the patient did not give much care. During follow-up, patient was repeatedly told to get the dressing done timely but patient didn\'t do the dressing himself, saying that he was busy. Finally the wound enlarged and the underlying bone developed osteomyelitis. Which of the following statement is true regarding above-mentioned situation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Doctor is guilty under "Last clear chance" doctrine, B. Doctor is not guilty under "Contributory negligence", C. Doctor is punishable under avoidable negligence, D. Doctor is guilty as he prescribed wrong medicines', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Doctor is guilty under "Last clear chance" doctrine(Ref Reddy 34/e p38, 33/e p40)Last Clear Chance Doctrine:Possibility of doctor saving the patient (plaintiff) by dressing wound properly the 2nd time, hence curing without osteomyelitis development.Hence, doctor is paly guilty for the outcome (osteomyelitis).Criteria included:Failure of doctor to prevent damage resulting from negligent act of patient, even after getting clear time, he cannot plead contributory negligence in civil cases.Elements of proof:Defendant- Doctor.Defendant recognized the danger & acquired a duty to avoid it.Defendant failed to avoid danger.Plaintiff - Patient.Plaintiff placed themselves in a situation of risk or danger through their own negligence.Plaintiff could not avoid the danger.Plaintiff was injured as a result of the defendant\'s failure.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | fb47f171-c6d7-4871-8d28-92f2b97acc88 | [{'content': 'Dengue discharge protocol includes \nSelect and explain. \nA. 24 hours after Recovery from shock, B. Urine volume > 200 ml, C. 24 hours after absence of fever with use of Paracetamol, D. Return of normal appetite', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) of India given the dengue discharge criteria as follows: 1. Absence of fever > 24 hours (without paracetamol) 2. Return of appetite 3. Good urine output 4. Platelet > 50,000 5. No Respiratory distress 6. > 2-3 days after recovery form shape 7. Visible clinical improvement', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 16f0079a-a1c9-4a10-a9c7-2fa11f8bddba | [{'content': 'Which of the following statements is true about Swyer svndrome? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Can be feile with surrogacy, B. Can be feile with ovum donation, C. Presents with primary feility, D. Gonadectomy is indicated for all patients', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Can be feile with surrogacy(Ref Shaw's 16/e p145)Swyer syndrome:Patients can be feile with surrogacy, with ovum donation.Gonadectomy indicated for all patients due to malignancy risk.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | c48fcdd2-948f-41e7-a457-56f42646cc60 | [{'content': 'Arterial supply to floor of mouth & suprahyoid muscle is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lingual artery, B. Maxillary artery, C. Inferior alveolar artery, D. Facial artery', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Lingual artery is a branch of external carotid artery. The root of tongue is also supplied by tonsillar and ascending pharyngeal arteries. Venous drainage is mainly by the deep lingual vein.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 5c97e587-2436-40b2-9f70-6f08a903d543 | [{'content': 'In intraoral radiograph, patient radiation is decreased by\nall except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. High speed film, B. Intensifying screens, C. Lead apron, D. Decreasing kVp', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Kilovoltage:\nThe optimal operating potential of dental X-ray units is between 60 and 70 kVp (ADA 2012).\nAlthough image diagnosis may be improved slightly with increased image contrast (low kVp) images, the patient dose is reduced with higher kVp exposures. Most intraoral machines use 60 to 70 kVp. The availability of constant-potential (fully rectified), high-frequency or direct current (DC)\xa0dental X-ray units have made possible the production of radiographs with lower kilovoltage and at reduced levels of radiation. The surface exposure required to produce a comparable radiographic density using a constant-potential unit is approximately 25% less than that of a conventional self-rectified unit operating at the same kilovoltage. At the present time, several manufacturers produce DC units.\nThus, in intraoral radiograph, patient radiation is not decreased by decreasing kVp.\n\xa0Reference: White and Pharoah's Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation 7th edition page no 36", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | a8a11df7-227b-4010-9298-061ea082634d | [{'content': 'Recently approved drug by FDA for treatment of Lennox-Gestaut syndrome: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lacosamide, B. Vigabatrin, C. Zonisamide, D. Rufinamide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. RufinamideRecently approved drug by FDAfor treatment of Lennox-Gestaul syndrome is rufinamide.Rufinamide:Rufinamide was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration on November 14, 2008 as adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children 4 years and older and adults.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | d190d5c8-74f3-46fa-afd1-4ff1f830f1c2 | [{'content': 'Not true about fresh frozen plasma \nSelect and explain. \nA. Supplies major coagulation factors, B. ABO match not required, C. Should be used in replacement of factors in DIC/Trauma, D. To be used within 30 minutes of having trauma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 920be195-ff47-4a12-9968-c79a5615141f | [{'content': 'A newborn presents with congestive heart failure, on examination has bulging anterior fontanelle with a bruit on auscultation. Transfontanellar USG shows a hypoechoic midline mass with dilated lateral ventricles. Most likely diagnosis is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Medulloblastoma, B. Encephalocele, C. Vein of Galen malformation, D. Arachnoid cyst', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Midline intracranial mass with bruit on ausculation and features of hydrocephalus and congestive heart failure \xadAll point towards Vein of Galen Malformation.\n\nVein of Galen Malformations(VGM) \n\nThe vein of Galen is a large deep vein at the base of the brain. It is located under the cerebral hemispheres and drains the anterior and central regions of the brain into the sinuses of the posterior cerebral fossa .\nVGM results from an aneurysmal malformation with an arteriovenous shunting of blood.VGM usually causes high-output heart failure in the newborn resulting from the decreased resistance and high blood flow in the lesion.\nAssociated findings include cerebral ischemic changes such as strokes or steal phenomena that result in progressive hemiparesis.\nThe malformation may result in mass effects, causing progressive neurological impairment. Alternatively, the malformation may cause obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow and result in hydrocephalus.\nLoud intracranial bruit may be heard because of the blood turbulence in VGM.\nThe most effective treatment for the malformation has been embolization rather than surgery \nThe vein of Galen abnormality is the most frequent arteriovenous malformation in neonates.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 9b5bcf09-aa7a-4403-b9a4-de02f52f7e2e | [{'content': 'A pregnant, diabetic female on oral hypoglycemics is shifted to insulin. All of the following are true regarding this, except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Insulin does not cross placenta, B. During pregnancy insulin requirement increases and cannot be provided with sulphonylureas, C. Tolbutamide crosses placenta, D. Tolbutamide causes PIH', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | eace9551-5aa2-446b-bb1d-5d4c8e1e21ff | [{'content': 'Fenestri vestibuli is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rounded bulge produced by first turn of cochlea, B. Oval opening posterosuperior to the promontory, C. Prominence produced due to the lateral semicircular canal, D. It is grooved by tympanic plexus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The Medial or Labyrinthine Wall\nThe medial wall separates the middle ear from the internal ear. It presents the following features.\n(a) The promontory is a rounded bulging produced by the first turn of the cochlea. It is grooved by the tympanic plexus.\n(b) The fenestra vestibule is an oval opening posterosuperior to the promontory. It leads into the vestibule of the internal ear and is closed by the foot-plate of the stapes.\n(c) The prominence of the facial canal runs backwards just above the fenestra vestibule, to reach the lower margin of the aditus. The canal then descends behind the posterior wall to end at the stylomastoid foramen.\n(d) Above the prominence of facial canal lies the prominence produced due to the lateral semicircular canal.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 8ef7b269-b6d6-4c45-b706-df1e87744c90 | [{'content': 'Lefort 1 osteotomy essentially involves osteotomy of how many bones? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2, B. 3, C. 4, D. 5', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8977896a-04f0-4605-bd65-94da2269da22 | [{'content': 'Wilson curve seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Molars, B. Premolar, C. Anteriors, D. All of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7159df6a-590c-4b1a-9cbf-0c15b05fbc9a | [{'content': 'In primary trauma from occlusion: \nSelect and explain. \nA. The blood vessels present in periodontal ligament rupture and release contents in surrounding space, B. Adaptive capacity of tissues to withstand occlusal forces is impaired resulting in injury from normal occlusal forces, C. The alveolar bone is not damaged, D. Bifurcations and trifurcations are less susceptible to injury related to this condition', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | be27a690-a4c2-41e8-bc61-70ccc70dcea5 | [{'content': 'About psedomonas. All are true except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Strict aerobes, B. Can grow in disinfectants in hospital, C. Infection is mostly due to endogenous source, D. Most common organism in burn patient', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 7c078d37-6c66-4225-aba1-9541ca7a4d95 | [{'content': 'Which of the heart valve is most likely to be involved by Infective endocarditis following a septic abortion: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aortic valve., B. Tricuspid valve., C. Pulmonary valve., D. Mitral valve.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 98ada6d9-f8ac-4454-9aaf-a4105ec5cc0c | [{'content': 'On loading the fracture mandible posterior to the site of fracture, which of the following is present: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tension on upper border, B. Compression on upper border, C. Compression on medial surface, D. Compression on inferior surface', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 4506e30a-65c0-48a5-86db-595e5084787c | [{'content': 'DOC for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy \nSelect and explain. \nA. Clindamycin, B. Erythromycin, C. Rovamycin, D. Metronidazole', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. MetronidazoleMedication--Treatment should include both paners.Oral Metronidazole--500 mg orally twice daily after meals for 7 days. Or 2 g stat.Advisable to defer treatment during first trimester of pregnancy.Side effects: nausea, metallic taste, antabuse - like reaction to alcohol.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | d73fd51d-04c8-44c3-a4af-6b1cf3c3d88c | [{'content': 'Which one of the following antibiotics chelates with calcium ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Penicillin, B. Tetracycline, C. Cephalosporins, D. Erythromycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0893ecf7-8416-4784-8211-e63a3ca18f70 | [{'content': 'Gene for odontoblast differentiation \nSelect and explain. \nA. MAP1B, B. PHEX, C. DEN, D. PHIX', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 6d899f34-1374-4e19-b4d7-4f3b855176fe | [{'content': 'Drugs preventing PPH, all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Misoprostol, B. Dinoprostone, C. PGF-2 alpha, D. Oxytocin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: *PPH - Any bleed in genital tract after delivery Treatment - Misoprostol - PGE1 - 1000 ug per rectum - Carboprost -PGF2 alpha -IM only - Oxytocin is DOC. By WHO - 5/10 IU IM/IV Prophylactic - 10 -20 IU lV infusion For Rx of PPH. - IV methylergometrine 0.2 mg (peak action of 90 sec)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f9b91625-8627-40e9-ae62-e7085acb8f3a | [{'content': 'Porcelain denture teeth \nSelect and explain. \nA. Have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than acrylic teeth, B. Have a lower abrasion resistance than enamel, C. Should be used where the inter alveolar clearance is small, D. Have a higher abrasion resistance than gold', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e0d991de-46ba-4a28-9f2d-788c2e1f9af5 | [{'content': 'Green Vermillion index measures \nSelect and explain. \nA. Periodontal disease, B. Oral hygiene, C. Bone level, D. Gingival health', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 383be13b-3dbe-4db9-b1da-419c97fbfe83 | [{'content': 'After Dengue hemorrhagic shock, what is the criteria for the patient to be discharged from the hospital? \nSelect and explain. \nA. After return of appetite, B. After urine output more than 200ml, C. 24hrs after recovery from shock, D. Fever controlled by paracetamol for >24hrs', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. After return of appetitePatients who are resuscitated from shock rapidly recover. Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome may be discharged from the hospital when they meet the following criteria:* Afebrile for 24 hours without antipyretics* Good appetite, clinically improved condition* Adequate urine output* Stable hematocrit level* At least 48 hours since recovery from shock* No respiratory distress* Platelet count greater than 50,000 cells/mL', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | edae0dbf-89f3-424a-bede-c62bcf4f1950 | [{'content': 'Coxsackie virus causes \nSelect and explain. \nA. infectious mononucleosis, B. Lymphoma, C. herpangina, D. herpes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 460d8722-fe72-444c-a927-0be1b24de884 | [{'content': "Which of the following is true about nerve supply of adrenal gland? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Release of catecholamines is not affected by nerve supply to adrenals, B. Preganglionic fibres from lower thoracic and lumbar veebra come sympathetic chain to supply adrenals, C. Adrenal coex doesn't have nerve supply as it has endocrine functions, D. Adrenal medulla doesn't have nerve supply", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. B. Preganglionic fibres from lower thoracic and lumbar veebra come sympathetic chain to supply adrenalsRef: Grays Anatomy, 41" ed., pS. 439Suprarenal gland - Greater autonomic supply than any other organ.The nerves are distributed throughout the gland around blood vessels (regulating blood flow), in the medulla (stimulating the release of catecholamines from chromaffin cells), and in the coex (where they may influence steroid hormone production).A suprarenal plexus lies between the medial aspect ofeach gland and the coeliac and aoicorenal ganglia.It contains predominantly preganglionic syrnpathetic fibres that originate in the lower thoracic spinal segments, reach the plexus branches of the greater splanchnic newes, and synapse on clusters of large medullary chromaffin cells.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 85cb22b1-2b4f-4ee5-bdc0-75561bef3ac2 | [{'content': 'According to the instrument formula given by G.V. Black, the primary cutting edge angle should be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. >50 degree, B. >90 degree, C. <50 degree, D. <90 degree', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Blade angle should be more than 50 degree.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 48d1692a-1a88-4247-8a54-7947e03d6d62 | [{'content': 'Optimal anti-rotational design in a blade is incorporated by offset not greater than? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 mm, B. 5 mm, C. 3 mm, D. 6 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6e7dc35e-f7f1-4c23-a661-6c5eb5a1afe8 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not true for S/S spreader compared to Ni-Ti Spreader? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Less depth penetration is achieved with Ni-Ti spreader is achieved, B. More Flexibility with Ni-Ti spreader is achieved, C. Less stress Generated in Ni-Ti spreaded condensation, D. Less incidence of root Fracture with Ni-Ti spreader', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 97a84ea2-f289-4103-a306-a1cb3526c24e | [{'content': 'All are true about legionella pneumophilia except \nSelect and explain. \nA. a)\tquatic bodies are main habitat, B. It can replicate in amoeba, C. Urine test is a reliable method, D. Person to person transmission', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | da131385-8cb4-4fbe-8f90-8ae12467eadd | [{'content': 'In “Tip of Iceberg Phenomenon”, submerged portion does not consist of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Healthy population, B. Carriers, C. Undiagnosed cases, D. Latent period', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3910b505-b026-4089-ae49-4f8481208a75 | [{'content': 'Curve passing through the buccal and lingual cusp tips of the mandibular buccal teeth is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Wilson curve, B. Mansoon curve, C. Curve of Spee, D. Catenary curve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 87d25aef-12d5-478d-b126-e98a1a76e9f0 | [{'content': 'Which stage of plasmodium vivax is infective to mosquito? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sporozoite, B. Gametocyte, C. Merozoite, D. Zygote', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: When certain forms of blood stage parasites (gametocytes, which occur in male and female forms) are ingested during blood feeding by a female Anopheles mosquito, they mate in the gut of the mosquito and begin a cycle of growth and multiplication in the mosquito.\xa0\nAfter 10-18 days, a form of the parasite called a sporozoite migrates to the mosquito’s salivary glands.\xa0\nWhen the Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal on another human, anticoagulant saliva is injected together with the sporozoites, which migrate to the liver, thereby beginning a new cycle.\n\nRef :https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/index.html', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 9962b697-f58a-4ac3-9ca5-05cde28164b4 | [{'content': 'A lady presents with complaints of abdominla pain. CECT shows bilateral papillary necrosis. Which of the following test shall not be done to investigate the cause of her papillary necrosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Urine acidification test, B. Sickling test, C. Urine -PCR for TB, D. Bacterial culture of urine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. Urine acidification test(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1860, 18/e p2372)Urine acidification test is mainly done to diagnose A (Renal tubular acidosis), not the causes of papillary necrosis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 50e28336-1c01-42f3-966f-81290355553c | [{'content': 'Phase 1 clinical trial is done for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Drug safety, B. Pharmacodynamics, C. Efficacy, D. Dosing', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Drug safety(Ref Goodman Gilman 12/e p79; .Katzung 13/e p12, 12/e p75; KDT 7/e p63-64, 6/e p77)Safety, pharmacodynamics & dosing - Tested in Phase 1 clinical trial.Drug safety - Most impoant primary end point.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 339405c7-3d27-4f7a-9689-02eccbc72176 | [{'content': 'All are features of infant born to diabetic mother except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Obesity, B. Learning disability, C. Ketotic hypogylycemia, D. Future diabetes mellitus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Late effects of maternal diabetes on children:\n\nIncreased risk of diabetes in children if:\n\nIf mother is diabetic – Risk 1–3%\nIf father is diabetic – Risk 6%\nIf both are diabetic – Risk 20%\n\nIncreased risk of Cardiovascular disease (Cardiomyopathy).\nIncreased risk of obesity\n\nWilliams Obs. 23/e, p 1109\nAs far as learning disability is concerned,\nWilliams 22/e, p 1178 says\n“It is seen that maternal diabetes has a negligible impact on cognitive development of child.”\nWilliams 23/e, p 1116 says “RIZZO and colleagues (1995) used multiple tests of intelligence and psychomotor development to assess 196 children of diabetic mother upto age 9 years. They concluded that maternal diabetes had a negligible impact on cognitive development”.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ff4a2857-8eaf-46c6-be36-0ba13bdd3534 | [{'content': 'A\tpermanent tooth\tbud,\twhich\thas\tbeen\taccidentally\nremoved during extraction of a deciduous tooth, should be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Discarded, B. The socket curetted and the tooth bud replanted, C. Pulpectomy of the tooth bud and placed into the socket, D. Place deep into the socket from where it was removed', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 362c70ed-9bc0-4266-8462-4c8302d7ef52 | [{'content': 'Which of the following stain is used for diagnosis of Granular dystrophy of cornea? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Colloidal iron, B. Congo red, C. PAS, D. Masson trichrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Masson trichrome(Ref: Kanski 7/e p212-224; Parson :s 22/e p212-214, 21/e p207-209; Yanoff and Duker 4/e p261).Masson trichrome stain - Used for granular corneal dystrophy diagnosis.Granular dystrophy:AD inheritance with gene locus on 5q31Onset: First decade with recurrent erosionsSigns (in chronological order):Small, white, sharply demarcated deposits resembling crumbs or snowflakes in central anterior stroma.Increasing number of lesions with deeper & outward spread but not reaching limbus.Gradual confluence causing visual acuity impairment.Histology:Shows amorphous hyaline deposits staining bright red with Masson trichrome.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | f6e3d46a-cc26-4eea-a659-5d1fa1c3b784 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not a component of quick SOFA (qSOFA) scoring? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bilateral undilated pupils, B. Altered Mentation, C. Glasgow Coma Score, D. SBP <= 100 mm Hg', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Bilateral undilated pupilsAssessmentqSOFA scoreLow blood pressure (SBP <= 100 mmHg)1High respiratory rate (>= 22 breaths/min)1Altered mentation (GCS <= 14)1', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bee09bc5-3c41-4d41-8da8-a307dfd4228e | [{'content': 'Which one of the following is not used as an abrasive in the dentifrice \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calcium carbonate, B. Silica, C. Sodium Chloride, D. Amylase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 658ebcea-6f61-4281-a426-848ad0dcf8bf | [{'content': 'Which of these indicators is used at anganwadi centers for growth monitoring in children? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Height for age, B. Weight for age, C. Weight for height, D. Mid-arm circumference', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Weight for ageRef: Park 241e p582, 23/e p547, 22/e p506)India has adopted the new WHO Child Growth Standards (2006) in February 2009 for monitoring the young child growth and development within the National Rural Health Mission and the ICDS.These are based on weight for age.Weight for age is used at anganwadi centers for growth monitoring in children.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 7f0dce8f-c95a-4776-aef1-fe8c6d257fb0 | [{'content': 'Palatine process begins to fuse at: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 6th week of fertilization, B. 8th week of fertilization, C. 10th week of fertilization, D. 12th week of fertilization', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: 7 weeks - palate consists of the primary palate, formed by the fusion of the medial nasal processes. Behind the primary palate down growth of the nasal septum produces two communications between\xa0 the oral and nasal cavities the primitive nasal choanae.\n8 weeks - Formation of the secondary palate begins with downward growth of the medial parts of the maxillary processes (palatine processes) to a location on either side of the tongue.\nAs the mandible develops and the tongue drops down these palatine processes grow horizontally fusing with the nasal septum in the midline and with the primary palate along their anterior aspect. By 81/2 weeks - the palatal shelves appear above the tongue and in near contact with each other. At 8th & 9th week they come in contact and fusion begins\nKey Concept -\nFormation of the secondary palate begins at 8th week with downward growth of the medial parts of\xa0 the maxillary processes (palatine processes) to a location on either side of the tongue.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 948eede7-eddf-4f5f-81be-e708cf1a50e1 | [{'content': 'Shy Drager syndrome is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intestinal polyp, B. Acute adernergic shock, C. Vasovagal hypotension, D. Orthostatic hypotension', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | ef300ffa-be04-4c72-b18c-8e584ad89b20 | [{'content': 'Medlar bodies are found in - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sporotrichosis, B. Chromoblastomycosis, C. Mycetoma, D. Histoplasmosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. ChromoblastomycosisMedlar bodies, also known as a sclerotic or muriform cell, When present in the skin or subcutaneous tissue, the cells are indicative of chromoblastomycosis.Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is defined as a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infection resulting from traumatic implantation of ceain dematiaceous fungi through the skin. In the infected tissue, characteristic dark-colored, thick-walled, muriform cells i.e. sclerotic cells (Medlar bodies) are seen.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 85d1c827-d7d7-4977-8408-90b9ccb932ec | [{'content': 'The muscles of the tongue are supplied by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glossopharyngeal nerve, B. Lingual nerve, C. Chorda tympani, D. Hypoglossal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | c0204a2d-5c44-448e-8e25-b5185ba64152 | [{'content': 'Transudate is characterized by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Associated inflammatory conditions, B. Low protein content, C. Tendency to clot, D. Specific gravity of above 1.018', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d9c20d32-1598-4eae-9b6b-5f172e914f8f | [{'content': 'Function of major connector is that it: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Connects parts of prosthesis on one side of arch with\tthose on opposite side, B. Distributes forces aver entire supporting structure, C. Resists flexing and torque, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 031499f6-c4ae-423c-8cef-b0b992ed9bf0 | [{'content': 'Which\tof\tthe\tfollowing\tcan\tresult\tin\tParadoxical\nexcitement in children. \nSelect and explain. \nA. Morphine, B. Phenobarbitone, C. Nitrous Oxide, D. Amphetamine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | ce25cfa6-0524-4cfc-889b-a17312f2642b | [{'content': 'Which one of the following is a gender-specific side-effect of valproate? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Polycystic ovarian syndrome, B. Alopecia, C. Weight loss, D. Tremor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Polycystic ovarian syndrome Side-effects of Valproic AcidMC side effects are transient GI symptoms (anorexia, nausea & vomiting)Effects on the CNS: Sedation, ataxia & Rash, alopecia Stimulation of appetite & weight gain.Increase the chance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with epilepsy or bipolar disorders Elevation of hepatic transaminases, microvesicular steatosisAcute pancreatitisHyperammonemiaNeural tube defects', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Orthopaedics | c8313319-bed0-4c8b-8fa4-83f40e3c8af0 | [{'content': 'History of fall on outstretched hand with the given xray: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Galeazzi fracture, B. Montaggia fracture, C. Colles fracture, D. Smith fracture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The xray shows fracture of radius + disruption of distal radio-ulnar joint - Galeazzi fracture "FOOSH" (Fracture due to fall on outstretched hand)* Fracture clavicle* Surgical neck of humerus fracture* Supracondylar fracture humerus and lateral condyle fracture humerus* Head and neck fracture of radius* Galeazzi fracture dislocation* Colle\'s fracture (Most common)* Radial styloid fracture* Fracture scaphoid', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 0d106c90-f1d1-4255-8979-04fce15f34b2 | [{'content': 'Nitrous oxide alone is not used as a G.A agent because of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Difficulty in maintaining an adequate oxygen concentration, B. Expense of the agent and its exposure hazards, C. Adverse effect on liver, D. Poor analgesic property', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | ea356491-9065-46ad-b1d2-bfed7eb2d2ca | [{'content': 'Maximum pCO2 is seen in which of the following stage in arterial gas analysis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. A, B. B, C. C, D. D', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6bc9b299-ba4b-403a-bb2b-274923352705 | [{'content': 'Cholesterol crystals are found in which zone? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zone of infection, B. Zone of contamination, C. Zone of irritation, D. Zone of stimulation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: The reaction of the periradicular tissues to noxious products of tissue necrosis, bacterial products and antigenic agents from the root canal has been described by Fish.\nThe four zones\xa0\n\nZone of infection\nZone of contamination\nZone of irritation\nZone of stimulation\n\n\nZone of Infection:\n\n\nThis is present in the center of the lesion.\nIt is characterized by\xa0PMNL's.\n\n\nZone of Contamination:\n\n\nIt is characterized by\xa0round cell infiltration.\nIt demonstrates cellular destruction due to toxins from the central zone or zone of infection.\xa0Because of autolysis and death of bone cells, the lacunae were empty.\nLymphocytes\xa0are prevalent everywhere.\n\n\nZone of Irritation:\n\n\nThis zone is characterized by\xa0macrophages and osteoclasts.\nThe collagen framework was digested by phagocytic cells, the macrophages, while osteoclasts attacked the bone tissue. This opens a gap in the bone all around the center of lesion. That space becomes filled with PMNL's.\xa0It contains cholesterol crystals.\nThis zone demonstrates much activity preparatory to repair.\n\n\nZone of Stimulation: (Peripheral zone)\n\n\nThis zone is characterized by fibroblasts and osteoblasts.\nIn this zone, the effects of toxins were mild enough to be stimulant which results in laying down of collagen fibers around the zone of irritation that acts both as a wall of defense and as a scaffolding on which the osteoblasts built new bone.\nThis new bone was built in an irregular fashion.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 9ca33423-8e19-4c59-9f3b-c4240d97ee3e | [{'content': 'Following are the essential amino acids: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Lysine, B. Phenylalanine, Asparagine, Methionine, C. Phenylalanine, Valine, Glycine, D. Histidine, Glutamine, Valine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 37d6e02a-0f4d-44a5-bbe0-f8040e1522fa | [{'content': 'A 25 years old lady with a history of fever for 1 month presents with headache and ataxia.Brain imaging shows dilated ventricles and significant basal exudates. Which of the following will be the most likely CSF finding? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lymphocytosis, Low Glucose, High protein, B. Lymphocytosis, Normal Glucose, High protein, C. Lymphocytosis, Low Glucose, Normal protein, D. Neutrophilia, Low glucose, Low Protein', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A (Lymphocytosis, Low Glucose, High protein)Presence of significant basal exudates, together with dilated ventricles (hydrocephalus) in a young female with a prolonged history of fever and headache suggests a diagnosis of Tubercular Meningitis.Tubercular Meningitis is characterized by Lymphocytic Pleocytosis, Low Glucose and High Protein within the CSF.The pathological hallmark of Tubercular Meningitis is the predominant involvement of basal cisterns that are observed by the presence of basal inflammatory tissue exudate.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pediatrics | 0c4ca58c-c349-4927-b6b6-2f61d3b604db | [{'content': 'A sick intubated neonate is having bilateral jerk of both right and left upper limbs with some occasional twitching of neck as well. Likely type of seizures:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Focal clonic, B. Multifocal clonic, C. Multifocal tonic clonic, D. Focal tonic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Though most common type of neonatal seizure is subtle seizure, subtle seizures are very difficult to recognise, and might manifest as just some lip smacking movements, or cyclical movement of limbs. However, in the given scenario, the newborn has bilateral jerk of both right and left upper limbs with some occasional twitching of neck. This is suggestive of multifocal clonic seizures.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 2a929649-49cb-4135-8c10-89549a52555c | [{'content': 'Sickle cell mutation is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Point mutation, B. Selective mutation, C. Frame shift mutation, D. Nonsense mutation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | eea22c1f-7847-43c5-89be-6123accc8846 | [{'content': 'Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pleomorphism, B. Elaboration of an enzyme that destroy penicillin, C. Penicillin analogue production, D. Lack of nucleic acid in the cell wall', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 308573c6-93c7-47db-908e-14be06dc49e2 | [{'content': 'All information must be explained in comprehensible, non medical terms preferable in local language about the diagnosis, nature of treatment, risks involved, prospects of success and alternative methods of treatment known \nSelect and explain. \nA. Implied consent, B. Express consent, C. Informed consent, D. Substitute consent', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | a60894bd-585a-4a93-bf8e-cdee04292df6 | [{'content': 'Proteins elevated in the plasma in myocardial infarction \nSelect and explain. \nA. Troponin T, B. Troponin H, C. Troponin K, D. Troponin M', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7947a7bf-dc1b-4832-bd88-04f7703b4d49 | [{'content': 'Dystrophic calcification is seen most commonly in which of the following oral tissues \nSelect and explain. \nA. Enamel, B. Pulp, C. Dentin, D. Periodontal ligament', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 732dd200-d2b0-4b84-9919-dd651bcf5301 | [{'content': 'A pregnant woman with G3P2L0 presented to you with a pregnancy at period of gestation of 9 weeks. She has a history of conization one year back currently on follow up with no recurrence on PAP smean She also has the history of preterm bihs at 30 and 32 weeks during her last 2 pregnancy. What is your next step in the management of this patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. USG to see cervical length, B. Cervical cerclage, C. Complete bed rest, D. Abdominal cerclage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. USG to see cervical lengthRef NICE guidelines; ACOG guidelines; SOGC guidelines.The current review fromACOG recommends cervical cerclage for women with a current singleton pregnancy, prior spontaneous preterm bih at less than 34 weeks of gestation, and cervical length less than 25 mm.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c7ca32ca-6eb7-4d57-b2b5-9ddbd6d14d89 | [{'content': 'Angles between Adhesive and Adherent is Zero degree, it indicates: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Complete wetting of surfaces, B. Rough surfaces between Adhesive & Adherent, C. Adherent and adhesive molecules are tangent to each other, D. Irregularities present between Adherent surfaces', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 30f6c7b2-824b-431b-a84e-f8bdb0554946 | [{'content': 'Which of the following require delayed separation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tilted tooth, B. Drifted tooth, C. Rotated tooth, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | df493519-1b08-442e-853c-edd9ca4f6f57 | [{'content': "Acetone free methyl alcohol is present in Leishmann's stain for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. It fixes cells to the slide, B. It colors the red cells, C. It prevents the cells from sticking to the slide surface, D. It stops metabolic and enzymatic activity of the cell", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. It stops metabolic and enzymatic activity of the cellTt is a type ofAcidic dye stains the basic components of cell & basic dye stains the acidic components of cell.Leishman\'s stain contains eosin & methylene blue in acetone free methyl alcohol.Methyl alcohol acts as a fixative.Acetone if present, will destroy the cell membraneMethylene blue ("polychromed"), the basic dye and eosin, the acidic dye exists as thiazine eosinate, which dissociates into the component dyes, when diluted with distilled water.Methyl blue stains the nucleus & basophilic granules of WBC, whereas eosin stains the eosinophilic granules.It is generally used to differentiate & identily leucocytes, malaria parasites & trypanosomas', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin | aa677f5e-3b2c-4ec8-8b77-78610a8a38cf | [{'content': 'Treatment of choice for erythrodermic psoriasis: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Methotrexate, B. Coicosteroids, C. Coal tar topical, D. Topical steroids', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Methotrexate (Ref Fitzpatrick 6/e p2676)Methotrexate or oral retinoids (Acitretin) - DOC for erythrodermic psoriasis management.Current use of methotrexate to treat psoriasis is most common in patients with severe or refractory plaque-type disease that requires systemic treatment.It is also very useful for erythrodermic and pustular psoriasis, as well as psoriatic ahritis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fca6dd3f-4e3a-49fe-a893-e4c69ee343b3 | [{'content': 'An 8 year old child got trauma and got his central incisor avulsed 20 minutes back which got contaminated with debris. The child rushes to dental clinic with avulsed tooth, the treatment is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Clean root surface with saline and reimplant, B. Clean and curette root surface and reimplant, C. Clean root surface, do RCT and reimplant, D. Scrubbing of root surface and reimplant', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: If the tooth has been out for 15 minutes to 60 minutes:\nTooth with closed apex\n\nClean the root surface with saline.\nDo not touch a viable root with hands, forceps, gauze or anything, or try to scrub or clean it to avoid injury to\nthe periodontal ligament which makes it difficult to revascularize the reimplanted tooth.\nExamine alveolar socket after cleaning it with saline. Do not overlook fracture of tooth and alveolar ridge.\nReimplant the tooth gently with firm finger pressure. Ask the patient to bite down firmly on a piece of gauze to help stabilize the tooth.\nAfter evaluating the occlusion, stabilize the tooth if required. Ideal splint required for an avulsed tooth is a flexible splint. The commonly used flexible splints are made of Gortex, metallic mesh stripes, synthetic clothes or orthodontic wire. A thick strip of composite bonded to the avulsed and the adjacent teeth also act as a splint.\n\nThe splint should engage several teeth around the avulsed tooth and it should be kept in place for not more than 7 to 10 days.\n\nContinue with the same treatment as above.\n\nTooth with open apex:\n\nClean the root surface with saline.\nExamine the alveolar socket after cleaning it with saline.\nCover the root surface with minocycline hydrochloride microspheres before reimplanting to kill bacteria which could enter the immature apex and form an abscess.\nContinue with the same treatment as above.\n\nRef: Textbook of endodontics, Nisha Garg and Amit Garg, 3rd edition, pg no:477', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 857b4f18-59a4-4f38-923e-679808197235 | [{'content': 'In 3 mix paste; discoloration occurs due to presence of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ciprofloxacin, B. Minocycline, C. Metronidazole, D. Tetracycline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8da069c0-ac1c-4c9d-8d94-54e4560f0bea | [{'content': 'Ear prosthesis and ocular prosthesis is made from \nSelect and explain. \nA. Methyl methacrylate, B. Metallic implants, C. Silicone, D. Epoxy resin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | c56d4b66-8192-4b25-9d20-7312a5f5d4cb | [{'content': 'Following hepatitis B infection through blood transfusion, disease manifests in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 week, B. 6 weeks, C. 3 months, D. 1 year', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 99f70efa-2951-4dfb-ba1a-e4d9b7a0b08e | [{'content': 'Which of these statements is true about Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cashless benefit on presenting smacard and fingerprints, B. Valid for up to 4 family members, C. Can be used only in 1 district, D. Treatment only in government hospitals', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Cashless benefit on presenting smacard and fingerprintsRashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY):Government- run health insurance scheme for the Indian poor.It provides fir cashless insurance for hospitalization in public as well as private hospitals.Provide health insurance coverage for Below Povey Line (BPL) families.Objective is to provide protection to BPL households from financial liabilities arising out of health shocks that involve hospitalization.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | eda8d5c0-449d-4c34-ad66-8a269fcdcb39 | [{'content': 'The activity of the following enzyme is affected by biotin deficiency: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transketolase, B. Dehydrogenase, C. Oxidase, D. Carboxylase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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