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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3f67eb93-73d7-4caa-b000-2b85de3c8a65 | [{'content': 'Pericytes are found: \nSelect and explain. \nA. In thymus, B. Around capillaries of pulp, C. In gallbladder, D. Along with heparin on surface of mast cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 7c521214-ce91-4932-8158-f97bf43d4aac | [{'content': 'Which of the following Slatements is not true? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Parathyroid hormone-related protein is responsible for causing hypercalcemia in cancer patients, B. The unionized fraction of calcium in the plasma is an impoant determinant of PTH secretion, C. Mg2+ influences PTH secretion in the same direction as Ca2+ but is a less potent secretagogue, D. Ca2+influences PTH secretion by acting on a calcium sensor G-protein coupled receptor located in the parathyroid gland', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. The unionized fraction of calcium in the plasma is an impoant determinant of PTH secretion"Circulating ionized calcium acts directly on the parathyroid glands in a negative feedback fashion to regulate the secretion of PTH."Magnesium is required to maintain normal parathyroid secretory responses. Impaired PTH release along with diminished target responses to PTH account fir the hypocalcaemia that occasionally occurs in magnesium deficiency', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 8654832a-f650-4836-82ba-cc59f14e1bb9 | [{'content': 'A 35-year-old male is put on thiazides for the treatment of primary hypeension. What would be the status of his urinary sodium, potassium and calcium in the first 24-hours of drug administration? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sodium and potassium increases, calcium increases, B. Sodium and potassium decreases, calcium decreases, C. Sodium and calcium increases, potassium decreases, D. Potassium and calcium increases sodium decreases', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer: a. Sodium and potassium increases, calcium increases (1(e j..Ciuodnian unman iLe pod,* Urinary sodium, potassium and calcium increase in the first 24 hours of thiazide administration.* The acute effects of thiazide on Ca" excretion is variable:* It has been seen in various trials that urinary excretion increases in the initial stages of thiazide diuretic therapy. When administered chronically, thiazide diuretics decrease Ca" excretion.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 242d1a23-0032-4565-99cc-ebf7d8fc54aa | [{'content': 'Cytokines associated with periapical lesions \nSelect and explain. \nA. IL-1, B. IL-6, C. IL-8, D. TNF-α', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | b1918d90-61c1-47d3-894e-63bd85822d98 | [{'content': 'Rapid axonal flow in the neurons is mediated by all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dynein, B. Kinesin, C. Neurofilaments, D. Microtubules', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | dc918205-fb3a-42a9-805e-ec2c3e1c7352 | [{'content': 'A 49 years old male with 35 pack years presented with painless mass in left scrotal sac and microscopic hematuria. On laboratory investigation, Alphafetoprotein and lactate dehydrogenase was negative. What is the most probable diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Epididymitis, B. Seminoma, C. Renal cell carcinoma, D. Carcinoma lung', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C (Renal cell carcinoma)MC type of RCC, mainly sporadica.Spread:Characteristic feature of RCC is tendency to invade renal vein. Fuher extension produces a continuous cord of tumor in IVC and even in right side of hea.MC route is hematogenousMC sites of distant metastasis are lungs (cannon ball deposits and pulsating secondaries) Q> bone> liver> brain.Lymphatic spread occurs when tumor extends beyond renal capsule.Response to biological response modifiers (IL-2 and lFN-alpha)MC and consistent presentation is hematuriaClassical triad of gross hematuria, abdominal mass and pain is seen in 10% cases', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ad6af2c6-763f-42f8-bcfb-57752a45b311 | [{'content': 'Severe alveolar bone loss, as observed in juvenile periodontitis is associated with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cyclic neutropenia, B. Lysis of neutrophils, C. Increased phagocytosis, D. Neutrophil chemotactic defects or Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 2cc86d26-ec8a-43f8-8fa8-bd56054db9f2 | [{'content': 'A 14 years old rape victim with 22 weeks of gestation coming to hospital. All of the following can be done except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Male doctor can examine her with female attendant, B. Gynecologist can abo the fetus upon the patient request, C. No need to collect vaginal swab, D. UPT not required', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Gynecologist can abo the fetus upon the patient requestConsent of woman is required before conducting aboion. Written consent of guardian is required if the woman is a minor (<18 years) or mentally ill person. In the question, age of patient is 14 years only, so the consent of the guardian is required for termination. Termination is permitted upto 20 weeks of pregnancy only. So, gynecologist cannot abo the fetus upon the patient request.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 8d780a43-0b60-45e8-b1d9-acc9f236f99b | [{'content': "Which of the following site doesn't contain brown adipose tissues? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Scapula, B. Subcutaneous tissue, C. Around blood vessel, D. Around adrenal coex", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. ScapulaBrown fat:More abundant in infants but also in adults.Location:Between scapulas, at nape of neck, along great vessels in thorax and abdomen & in other scattered locations in body.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7719be4d-bbfc-4cdc-a70a-a543b0f5403b | [{'content': 'All are true about RVG, except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 80% reduction of patient exposure, B. Instant imaging, C. Easy to storage and retrieval, D. Image is sharper than cause by halogen halide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 119b2538-3a82-4ed2-94bc-50e807b9545e | [{'content': 'Modulus of elasticity of which cement is best to support under complex amalgam restoration? \nSelect and explain. \nA. GIC, B. ZnPO4, C. ZOE, D. Polycarboxylate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 669252ce-a199-41b9-bf5a-c870a59121fc | [{'content': 'Hyalinization in orthodontic movement means: \nSelect and explain. \nA. A cell free zone histologically similar to hyaline appearance, B. Change to hyaline cartilage, C. Lamina dura converts into hyaline cartilage, D. Periodontal Ligament changes to hyaline cartilage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | c35aba8a-eb2e-44e5-8383-5b92cce06d2c | [{'content': 'Which of the following drugs is least efficacious in the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phenobarbitone, B. Phenytoin sodium, C. Primidone, D. Carbamazepine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Complex\xa0partial\xa0seizures\xa0(CPS,\xa0temporal\xa0lobe epilepsy,\xa0psychomotor): attacks\xa0of bizarre\xa0and\xa0confused behaviour dream-like\xa0state\xa0and\xa0purposeless\xa0movements, or\xa0even walking, unaware emotional\xa0changes\xa0lasting\xa01-2 min\xa0along\xa0with\xa0impairment\xa0of consciousness.\xa0The\xa0patient has\xa0no\xa0recollection\xa0of the\xa0attack.\xa0An aura\xa0often\xa0precedes. The\xa0seizure\xa0focus\xa0is\xa0located in\xa0the temporal\xa0lobe.\u200b\nPhenobarbitone\xa0was the\xa0first\xa0efficacious\xa0anti-epileptic\xa0introduced\xa0in\xa01912.\u200b\nPrimidone A deoxybarbiturate, which is converted by liver to phenobarbitone and phenylethyl malonamide (PEMA). Its antiepileptic activity is mainly due to these active metabolites because t1/2 of primidone (6-14 hr) is less than that of its active metabolites. About 1/3\xa0primidone is excreted unchanged by kidney. Dose to dose primidone is less potent, but antiepileptic efficacy is similar to phenobarbitone. It is seldom used now in GTGC and partial epilepsy, mainly as an adjuvant to phenytoin or carbamazepine.\nAdverse effects are similar to phenobarbitone. In addition, anemia, leukopenia, psychotic reaction and lymph node enlargement occur rarely.\nDose: Start with 250 mg OD, then 250-500 mg BD, children 10-20 mg/kg/day.\nMYSOLINE 250 mg tab.\nReference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth Edition KD\xa0TRIPATHI\xa0page no 438,443\u200b', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 6c9b338a-0cc7-4a30-88a3-e79c0248e488 | [{'content': 'Serology profile done for a patient is mentioned below. What is the likely cause of the abnormal findings:HbsAg-Non-reactiveHBV DNA-UndetectableHbeAg-Non-reactiveIgG Anti-HbC-Reactive \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chronic hepatitis inactive state, B. Chronic hepatitis recovery state, C. Pre-core mutant infection, D. Window period', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Chronic hepatitis recovery stateFrom the given serology profile and table given below it is clear that the patient has had hepatitis B infection in the remote past or is a low-level Hepatitis B carrier.Commonly Encountered Serologic Patterns of Hepatitis B InfectionHBsAgAnti-HBsAnti-HBcHBeAgAnti-HBeInterpretation+-IgM+-Acute hepatitis B, high infectivity+-IgG+-Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivitydeg+-IgG-+Late acute or chronic hepatitis B, low infectivitydegHBeAg-negative ('precoremutant') hepatitis B (chronic or rarely acute)++++1-+1-HBsAg of one subtype and heterotypic anti-HBs (common)Process of seroconversion from HBsAg to anti-HBs (rare)--IgM+/-+/-Acute hepatitis BdegAnti-HBc `window'0--IgG-+/-Low-level hepatitis B carrierdegHepatitis B in remote pastdeg-+IgG-+/-Recovery from hepatitis Bdeg-+---Immunization with HBsAg (after vaccination)Hepatitis B in the remote past (?)False-positive", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | ee9f14bb-4e5e-4e39-99aa-ba63533bf4b2 | [{'content': 'Beta-1,3-D Glucan testing is done for all except- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aspergillosis, B. Mucormycosis, C. Candidiasis, D. Pneumocystis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans- B. Mucormycosis* Detection of fungal antigens in body fluids, including cryptococcus capsular polysaccharide, histoplasma antigen, galactomannan, and b-d-glucan, is viewed as being clinically useful for at least the presumptive diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.b-d-Glucan is an attractive antigen in that it is found in a broad range of fungal agents, including the commonly encountered agents Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Pneumocystis jirovecii.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | ed8f7e06-e5bb-4a64-aafa-97c1e56fc1fd | [{'content': 'Maximum thermic effect of food is seen with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Carbohydrates, B. Protein, C. Fat, D. Not dependent on macronutrients', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. ProteinMaximum thermic effect off is seen with proteins (20-30%) >carbohydrates (5-6%) > fat (2.5-4%).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 14085677-1f80-45fe-a525-0118e462b77c | [{'content': 'Latest technique by which bone graft is obtained without\ndamaging vital structure, vessels/veins is based on? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Piezoelectric vibration, B. Osteotome, C. Ultrasonic/soft lasers, D. Electrocautery', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ee615bdf-30fc-4478-9571-f6694c0a5e21 | [{'content': 'Enlarged tonsils are only seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Infantile swallow., B. Mature swallow., C. Simple tongue thrust., D. Complex tongue thrust.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: ENT | 4bab5fce-dd4d-4196-906d-11354ffa1c8d | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not a cause of Squamous cell Carcinoma for Head & Neck: \nSelect and explain. \nA. EBV, B. HPV, C. Betel Nut, D. Vitamin A', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Risk factors for head and neck cancer Tobacco Alcohol Prolonged sun exposure Viruses (HPV) & (EBV) Gender M>F, age > 40yrs Poor oral / dental hygiene; betel nut consumption Environmental or occupational factors Poor nutrition - vitamin A & B deficiency, iron deficiency In question they have mentioned vitamin A NOT vitamin A deficiency', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Microbiology | 080ecd84-88cb-49eb-a9f5-03569b7fa1f0 | [{'content': 'Episodes of repeated thin stools with mucus, subjective feeling of fever and lower abdominal pain, with leukocytes in stool. Which of the following is likely? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Giardia, B. Entamoeba, C. Staph, D. Clostridium perfringens', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: As leucocytes are present in stools so it is inflammatory type of diarrhea. So the likely organism is Entamoeba As Staph and C. perfringens are responsible for water diarrhea (non-inflammatory diarrhea) Giardia cause malabsorption syndrome.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b9bf56a4-ed0f-40f4-ae43-bcc067369c4b | [{'content': 'Permanent bending of an orthodontic wire during its clinical application will leads to work hardening of the alloy, this might cause: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase in strength, B. Decrease in ductility, C. Development of internal stresses, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 93f90d31-148b-45ad-9a6f-42a5807cbf33 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is true about degenerative myopia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. More common in males as compared to females, B. Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachment, C. It is seen in less than 6 dioptres of myopia., D. The condition has no racial prediliction.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachmentDegenerative myopia: ? It is seen in more than 6 dioptres of myopia.? More common in females as compared to males.? The condition has a racial predilection; it is more common in Jews and Japenese people, and most cases are of genetic origin.Patients with degenerative myopia typically complain of decreased vision, headaches, and sensitivity to light. If retinal degeneration or detachment is present, patients may also repo light flashes and floaters, which are associated with retina changes. Those with degenerative myopia have an increased incidence of cataract formation (nuclear cataracts are most typical).Some of the most typical features of degenerative myopia are:Vitreous liquefaction and posterior vitreous detachmentPeripapillary atrophy appearing as temporal choroidal or scleral crescents or rings around the optic discLattice degeneration in the peripheral retinaTilting or malinseion of the optic disc, usually associated with myopic conusThinning of the retinal pigment epithelium with resulting atrophic appearance of the fundusEctasia of the sclera posteriorly (posterior staphyloma)Breaks in Bruch\'s membrane and choriocapillaris, resulting in lines across the fundus called "lacquer cracks"Fuchs spot in the macular area.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 9dda02cb-7dbf-4ee3-a1c6-8aa19dacd528 | [{'content': 'Metronidazole: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Has no side-effects, B. Is used in management of ANUG, C. Is mainly concentrated in saliva, D. Is active against gram-positive aerobes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e17d01d1-5fff-4b7c-b54f-c607da6a8a64 | [{'content': 'Growth of nasal bone is completed by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10 years, B. 11 years, C. 13 years, D. 7 years', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Growth of the nasal bone is complete at about age 10. Growth thereafter is only of the nasal cartilage and soft tissues, both of\xa0which undergo a considerable adolescent spurt. The result is that the nose becomes much more prominent at adolescence, specially in boys.\nRef: Proffit 6th ed page no 37', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | d3a7afa0-b887-4c0b-a244-6c41e2f62ee4 | [{'content': 'The typical cervical differs from thoracic vertebra in that it \nSelect and explain. \nA. Has a triangular body, B. Has a foramen transversarium, C. Superior articular facet directed backwards and upwards, D. Has a large vertebral body', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The cervical vertebrae are\xa0identified by the presence of foramen transversarium in the transverse process.\nThis is an unique identification feature of cervical vertebrae, and is not present\xa0in thoracic and lumbar vertebra.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 06bece2b-7071-448b-8681-a396bcf4c0f5 | [{'content': 'Phosphate bonded investment should be completely carbon free, otherwise: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Investment chips off when molten metal enters the mold space, B. Black castings, C. Carbon makes the casting brittle, D. Smooth casting', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Carbon is often added to the powder to produce clean castings and facilitate the divesting of the casting from the investment mold. This addition is appropriate when the casting alloy is gold, but there is disagreement regarding the effects of carbon in phosphate investments used for casting silver-palladium alloys, palladium-silver alloys, or base metal alloys. It is believed that carbon can embrittle the alloys, even though the investment is heated to temperatures that burn out the carbon. Some evidence indicates that palladium reacts with carbon at temperatures above 1504 °C. Thus, if the casting temperature of an alloy with high palladium content exceeds this critical point, a phosphate investment without carbon should be used.\nRef: Phillip’s 12th edition page 208', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | c03c5c4d-5433-4515-a343-12c7f0ea1e07 | [{'content': 'In cephalometric radiography, the distance between the subject and the source of X-ray is \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 feet, B. 48 inches, C. 4.8 metres, D. 5 feet', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: By convention, the distance from the X-ray source to the subject's midsagittal plane is 5 feet.\nContemporary Orthodontics, William Proffit, 6th ed, pg-174", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3fa2a07a-96d8-4272-bc31-1e91555907e9 | [{'content': 'Most atypical (unique) tooth \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primary lower 1st molar, B. Primary lower 2nd molar, C. Primary upper 1st molar, D. Primary upper 2nd molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | ca0d1703-5a38-474d-bb6b-d6f69f7a7db6 | [{'content': 'Capillary microaneurysms is an earliest sign of:March 2013 \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vitreous hemorrhage, B. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, C. Trauma, D. Hypeensive retinopathy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. B i.e. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathyDiabetic retinopathyFundus examination in DM:- NIDDM: As early as possible- IDDM: 5 years after diagnosis of DMIncidence of diabetic retinopathy increases with disease duration', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | 0009b2fd-7e72-4ed0-b486-92ccb24e43f3 | [{'content': 'Which of the following marker persists in chronic hepatitis and recurrent hepatitis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. IgG Anti HbcAg, B. HBsAg, C. IgG Anti HBsAG, D. Anti Hbs', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Interpretation of common serological patterns in HBV infection Virus / Antibody markers Interpretation HBsAg HBeAg Anti - HBc Anti - HBs Anti - HBe + + IgM - - Acute HBV infection, highly infectious + + IgG - - Late/chronic HBV infection or carrier state: highly infectious + - IgG - +/- Late /chronic HBV infection or carrier state; low infectivity - +/- IgM - +/- Seen rarely in early acute HBV infection; infectious - - IgG +/- +/- Remote HBV infection; infectivity nil or very low - - - + - Immunity following HBV vaccine', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | db529a12-e737-4028-ab55-43f4e97fa109 | [{'content': 'A 22-year-old man presents with diarrhea and intolerance to dairy products, on investigation he was found to have lactase deficiency. Agent least likely to cause lactose intolerance among these is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Condensed MILK, B. Skimmed Milk, C. Yoghu, D. Ice cream', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Ice cream', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 369a3802-c030-4528-81a8-069b7d890c7e | [{'content': 'Object permanence seen in which stage of Jean Piaget’s theory \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sensorimotor, B. Pre-operational stage, C. Concrete operations stage, D. Formal operations stage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Ophthalmology | afa56a9e-0043-49c0-b1e3-36bbdf3c9571 | [{'content': 'A patient with hypeension and diabetes presents with blurred vision. Fluorescein angiography shows \nSelect and explain. \nA. Macular edema, B. Sub macular edema, C. Papilledema, D. Pre macular hemorrhage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: M/C cause of loss of vision in a diabetic = CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA. PETALLOID APPERENCE', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | f7aaa747-4b20-4034-b4dd-3aa8b964327a | [{'content': 'Which of the following malignancy is least commonly associated with lymphatic spread ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Basal Cell Carcinoma, B. Squamous cell Carcinoma, C. Malignant melanoma, D. Merkel cell Carcinoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. Basal Cell CarcinomaRef: Robbins & Cotran, 9'' ed., pg. I155-l I 57Basal cell carcinoma is a locally aggressive cutaneous tumor.The rest of three tumors in the options have more tendency for lymphatic spread compared to BCC.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 8e1839a7-83d5-4671-b39d-bbfbed52476c | [{'content': 'While extracting a mandibular third molar, it is noted that the distal root is missing. The root tip is most likely in the: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Submental space, B. Submandibular space, C. Para pharyngeal space, D. Pterygomandibular space', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 876ee705-7f99-4e03-bbf1-77059c2971c0 | [{'content': 'Enzyme regulating the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Alcohol dehydrogenase, B. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, C. Catalase, D. Enolase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dc4743ee-bf49-4474-a05e-b8363f4089e6 | [{'content': 'Caries status in child is most likely suggested by \nSelect and explain. \nA. DMFT and past caries experience, B. Salivary flow and composition, C. Frequency of sugar intake, D. Fluoride concentration in the area', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2dcd58c8-0fb7-4802-a5c7-e83c40f8a2de | [{'content': 'Bar-clasp assembly mostly used is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mesio-occlusal rest, B. Disto-occlusal rest, C. Buccal approach, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 0b98d76f-ea90-4e4e-9af0-881362b7bae3 | [{'content': "Large anterior fontanelles, open sutures, slanting eyes,\ndecreased sexual development, macroglossia and enamel hypoplasia are seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Craniofacial dysostosis, B. Down's syndrome, C. Treacher Collins syndrome, D. Marfan's syndrome", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 51397f99-9a45-4e34-af9c-eab16fc300be | [{'content': 'The following appliance is used in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Space regaining, B. Maxillary arch expansion, C. Distalization of molar, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: This is a HYRAX appliance used for maxillary arch expansion.\nSeveral methods have been developed for RME, such as bonded Hyrax developed by McNamara and Brudon (a Hyrax with an acrylic splint bounded to the occlusal surface of posterior teeth) to minimize the vertical effects of conventional expansion appliances.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e763e9a8-273c-4bae-a31d-4a4e688ba787 | [{'content': 'Folic acid deficiency is precipitated by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aspirin, B. Ranitidine, C. Cyclosporin, D. Phenytoin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | ec80b06d-855f-41f7-82cf-8aa8d8ec9571 | [{'content': 'Group 2 sensory fibres are attached to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Annulospiral ending, B. Golgi tendon, C. Flower spray ending, D. Pacinian corpuscle', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Numerical classification of sensory nerve fibers:', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2bd3f36b-ca4b-4aaf-80ed-433c884e740c | [{'content': 'Lamina cribrosa is a modification of : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sclera, B. Choroid, C. Optic nerve sheath, D. Retina', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The sclera (skleros=hard) is opaque and forms the posterior five-sixths of the eyeball. It is composed of dense fibrous tissue which is firm and maintains the shape of the eyeball. It is thickest behind, near the entrance of the optic nerve, and thinnest about 6 mm behind the sclerocorneal junction where the recti muscles are inserted. However, it is weakest at the entrance of the optic nerve. Here the sclera shows numerous perforations for passage of fibres of the optic nerve. Because of its sieve-like appearance this region is called the lamina cribrosa (crib=sieve).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4bed11d9-70fd-4592-941c-6ba056318752 | [{'content': 'Mgo added to alginate power to modify which property: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increases surface character., B. Increases shelf life., C. Increases shear and tear strength., D. Improve strength.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: MgO added in alginate powder leads to improve its surface character mainly as well as it increased tensile strength, hardness of model, elastic modulus & Improved thermal stability.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7a6a550d-e730-40ac-8d5e-25a7212d4f23 | [{'content': '2 root canals are found in what percentage of Mandibular incisors \nSelect and explain. \nA. 22-40%, B. 11-22%, C. 20-50 %, D. 5-15%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | ac920278-1568-4a55-a4f2-114832edb868 | [{'content': 'Most difficult maxillary tooth to anaesthetize by infiltration is : \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1st molar, B. 1st premolar, C. Canine, D. 3rd molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | a1fa0704-7aab-4226-990d-5790d34c5d27 | [{'content': '(gd) T cell is associated with? \nSelect and explain. \nA. CD4, B. CD5, C. Cd8, D. First line defense against bacterial peptides', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D-First line defense against bacterial peptides(gd) T cell: Gamma delta (gd) T cells have a TCR that is made up of one g (gamma) chain and one d (delta) chain.This group of T cells is usually much less common than ab T cells, but are at their highest abundance in the gut mucosa, within a population of lymphocytes known as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs).Constitute 5% of total cells, express y/6 chains of TCR chains; instead of ?/b chains.They lack both CD4 and CD8 molecules.They do not require antigen processing and MHC presentation of peptides.They lack both CD4 and CD8 molecules.They do not require antigen processing and MHC presentation of peptides.They are pa of innate immunity as the(gd) receptors exhibit limited diversity for the antigen.They are usually found in the gut mucosa, as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs).The function of (gd) T-cells is not known, they may encounter the lipid antigens that enter through the intestinal mucosa.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9ed9f8aa-4e8c-4b69-adcf-e7c6093d3926 | [{'content': 'Health education includes all except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Development of reflexive behavior, B. Appeals to reason, C. Positive instilled behaviour, D. People to think for themselves', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dcbeb089-e4f1-4a0b-8216-83dd42c7ec6d | [{'content': 'Main crystalline component of calculus is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hydroxyapatite, B. Octacalcium phosphate, C. Magnisium whitlockite, D. Brushite', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate(constitute the bulk of the specimen) are detected most frequently in all supragingival calculus.\nWhile in Subgingival calculus ratio of calcium to phosphate is higher subgingivally and sodium content also increases with the depth of periodontal pocket.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | eb722516-1a0b-49e3-8b45-912b365d0ea9 | [{'content': 'PPS anatomically is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pterygomaxillary notches & fovea palatine, B. Pterygomaxillary notches & PN5, C. Maxillary tuberosity & pterygornaxillary raphae, D. Posterior Limit of palatine bone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | ce05eb3a-dc89-4e3c-bc3d-859a9922e9f0 | [{'content': 'There is <2 cm painful swelling responsive to salicylates, this is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Osteoma, B. Osteochondroma, C. Osteoid osteoma, D. Osteoblastoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | f6a4c53d-ea90-441f-891d-3f23344c6775 | [{'content': 'Card test is done for which of the following muscle? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Palmar interossei, B. Dorsal interossei, C. Lumbricals, D. Adductor pollicis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Palmar interosseiNerveTestTestMuscleUlnar nerveBook testAdductor pollicis Card testPalmar interossei Froment's signFlexor pollicis substitutes for adduc?tor pollicis", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 0f8e11c2-a438-4c71-86fb-e302e5852a05 | [{'content': 'The chances of having an unaffected baby, when both parents have achondroplasia, are – \nSelect and explain. \nA. 0%, B. 25%, C. 50%, D. 100%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: First see general features of autosomal dominant disorders -\n\nAutosomal dominant disorders are manifested in heterozygous state.\nSo, at least one of the parent should be affected to transmit the disease to child.\nHomozygous state does not exist as it is not compitable with life, i.e. homozygous fetus usually dies in utero.\nSo, all the affected individuals will be heterozygous.\nIf an affected person marries an unaffected one, i.e. if one of the parents is affected than every child has 50% of chance of having the disease and 50% of chance not having the disease.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 944df241-c1be-41cb-aa47-b45a4c4593a5 | [{'content': 'Ionic exchange between enamel surface and environment: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Does not take place once enamel matures, B. Stops after 2 years of eruption, C. Continues till adult life, D. Continues through out life', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 49b55e36-d205-4d1e-8fb8-c754edd6627a | [{'content': 'The common site for necrotizing sialometaplasia \nSelect and explain. \nA. cheeks, B. dorsum of tongue, C. palate, D. gingival', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 08470a6f-64fa-438d-838f-20053e00e6e6 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is a major pattern of accessory canals in mandibular first molar is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Single furcation canal which is extend from pulp chamber to intra-redicular region, B. A lateral canal extends from coronal third to furcal region particular in distal canal, C. Presence of both lateral and furcal canal, D. Pattern is variable and age dependent', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | f0e43051-15d7-4c2a-ba6e-daa8a5e30c11 | [{'content': "45 chromosomes are seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Turner's syndrome, B. Down's syndrome, C. Dentinogenesis imperfecta, D. Treacher's Collins syndrome", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 70efb4dd-1ec2-4930-b775-d3e910b2b24a | [{'content': 'Which of following will happen with a flexible major connector: \nSelect and explain. \nA. It will make other components more effective, B. Will cause PDL destruction of abutment teeth, C. Cause ill-fitting of RPD, D. Will cause difficulty in occlusion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Medicine | f5cd69ed-816c-4f6b-99cf-4cb41bce9f55 | [{'content': 'A 50 year male presented with high BP of 160/100 mm Hg and hea rate of 120/min. CECT is shown below. Which is best management of this condition? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Surgical repair, B. LMW heparin, C. Beta blocker, D. Vitamin K inhibitors', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Tennis ball appearance of ascending aoa is feature of Aoic dissection. - Type A Rx- Surgical Repair Extra - mile Type B Aoic dissection Type B aoic dissections involve transverse and/or descending aoa. For uncomplicated/ stable distal lesions and intramural type B hematomas medical therapy is preferred. For complicated type B surgical correction is indicated.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 3c0e960b-7757-45aa-a7e9-98c238eed3e7 | [{'content': 'Most common site of zygomatic arch fracture is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anterior to Zygomaticotemporal suture, B. Posterior to Zygomaticotemporal suture, C. Zygomaticotemporal suture, D. No specific location', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The zygomatic bone usually fractures in the region of the\xa0 zygomaticofrontal\xa0 suture,\xa0the\xa0 zygomaticotemporal suture and the zygomaticomaxillary suture. It is unusual for the zygomatic bone itself to be fractured, but in extreme violence,\xa0the\xa0bone\xa0may\xa0be\xa0comminuted\xa0or\xa0split\xa0across. Most common site of zygomatic arch fracture is posterior to Zygomaticotemporal suture.\nThe isolated zygomatic arch fracture may occur without displacement of the zygomatic bone.\nRef: Oral and maxillofacial surgery , Neelima Anil Malik 4th ed page no 534', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 734e0bc2-f9d4-4ae2-a7f5-eae1c1500352 | [{'content': 'Which of the following principles governs biomedical research in human subjects? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Geneva declaration, B. Helsinki declaration, C. Hippocratic oath, D. International code of medical ethics', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Helsinki declaration(Ref: Reddy 34/e p600, 33/e p26, 400, 647; Parikh 6/e p1.26)Helsinki declaration governs biomedical research in human subjects.The declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed for the medical community by the World Medical Association.It is widely regarded as the cornerstone document on human research ethics.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | a7fd5684-e5c2-44dd-8415-aeeee46840c0 | [{'content': 'Median rhomboid glossitis is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inflammation of the tongue, B. Persistence of tuberculum impar, C. Hypertrophy of filiform papillae, D. Atrophy of filiform papillae', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 58e40694-1799-476f-8618-af488bda8892 | [{'content': 'A 2 weeks old infant has conjunctivitis, which later developed into respiratory distress and pneumonia. Chest X-ray showed bilateral lung infiltrates. WBC count was 14,300/dL. Which of the following is the most likely organism? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chlamydia trachomatis, B. Streptococcus agalactiae, C. Gonococcus, D. Haemophilus influenzae', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Chlamydia trachomatisChlamydia trachomatis: Of newborns infected by the mother, 10-20% may develop respiratory tract involvement 2-12 weeks after bih, culminating in pneumonia.Affected newborns have nasal obstruction or discharge, striking tachypnea, a characteristic paroxysmal staccato cough, an absence of fever, and eosinophilia. Interstitial infiltrates and hyperinflation can be seen on radiographs. The diagnosis should be suspected if pneumonitis develops in a newborn who has inclusion conjunctivitis and can be established by isolation of C. trachomatis from respiratory secretions.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 22ab08db-3408-4b27-8a6c-3da3985f71b9 | [{'content': 'Independent assoment of maternal and paternal chromosome occurs at which stage of spermatocyte maturation: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spermatogonia to primary spermatocyte, B. Primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte, C. Secondary spermatocyte to spermatids, D. Spermatid to spermatozoa', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyteDuring spermatogenesis - Independent assoment of paternal & maternal chromosomes occurs during meiosis I.Also, primary spermatocyte (2n) is conveed into two secondary spermatocytes.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fa343a34-381b-416b-ab19-bdafd40ad25d | [{'content': 'During post preparation in distal canal of mandibular first molar, maximum chance of perforation is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lingual surface, B. Distal surface, C. Buccal surface, D. Mesial surface', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4d48f925-c908-4543-b466-e97ff099812c | [{'content': 'Ratio of mesiodistal width to height of crown of maxillary canine \nSelect and explain. \nA. 8:10, B. 10:08, C. 6:08, D. 8:06', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 44c704bc-4331-45a6-b6a8-dd8a5a0b7d18 | [{'content': 'Which of the following hormone is/are under inhibitory of hypothalamus? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prolactin, B. Only prolactin, C. Only growth hormone, D. Both prolactin and growth hormone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Inhibitory hormones secreted by hypothalamus are somatostatin and dopamine. Somatostatin inhibits GH, ACTH, TSH. Dopamine inhibits prolactin. GH is under both stimulatory (GHRH) and inhibitory control (Somatostatin) Prolactin is only under inhibitory control (dopamine). Note: Read the question carefully; if they ask which hormones of anterior pituitary are under inhibitory control (as in this question), answer should be both prolactin and GH. However, if they ask the question, which hormone is ONLY under inhibitory control, then answer should be only prolactin.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | cba8ecbe-b35e-4974-bb5b-5a109d0b160d | [{'content': "All of the following are the reasons responsible for ketosis in a patient of Von Gierke's disease? \nSelect and explain. \nA. They have hypoglycemia, B. Have low blood sugar levels, C. Oxaloacetate is required for gluconeogenesis, D. Low fat mobilization", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Low fat mobilizationExcessive fatty acid mobilization (not the Low fat mobilization) from adipose tissues leads to ketosis in Von-Gierke's disease.Type I glycogen storage disorder, inherited as autosomal recessive, due to the deficiency of glucose-6 phosphatase.Excessive fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissues leads to ketosis.Deficiency of glucose-6 phosphatase leads to low blood sugar and hypoglycemic attacks.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | b55fd5c5-4bb5-41d9-b78f-0932ac3854e6 | [{'content': 'How much population falls between median and median plus one standard deviation in a normal distribution ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 0.34, B. 0.68, C. 0.17, D. 0.47', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: NORMAL DISTRIBUTION\n\nShape is bilaterally symmetrical\nMean = Median = Mode (coincide)\n50% of all values lie above Mean (or Median or Mode)\nMean + 1SD cover 68% values (Mean + 1SD cover 34% values)\nMean + 2SD cover 95% values (Mean + 2SD cover 47.5% values)\nMean + 3SD cover 99% values (Mean + 3SD cover 49.5% values)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 53c46c77-bc75-4269-a36c-58effa4f357d | [{'content': 'Which crown would be suitable for a patient with high\ncaries index, minimum horizontal overlap of maxillary central incisors? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metal ceramic crown, B. Three fourth crown, C. Porcelain jacket crown, D. Aluminium crown', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 66aee529-6114-484c-ba18-6152c902a3f7 | [{'content': 'NK cells are effective against viral infected cells only if the cell with infection: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Express MHC class I proteins, B. Unable to express MHC class I proteins, C. Express MHC class II proteins, D. Unable to express MHC class II proteins', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 05b86488-310e-4b41-bcd9-05f3f223eca2 | [{'content': 'Main concern during prosthodontics surgery and better prosthetic prognosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Continuity defects, B. Minimal invasion, C. Occlusion, D. Cost', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 03ecd4a2-40fa-4d0d-af2e-f6c7abbf98eb | [{'content': 'Serial technique Or telescoping technique is another name of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Step back technique., B. Crown down technique., C. Standarize technique., D. Balance force technique.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Schilder called the step back technique as serial Or telescoping technique.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 300e4af8-f5d4-451a-888c-5eb772b57cd5 | [{'content': 'Clinical diagnosis of candidiasis is confirmed by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Characteristic odour, B. Demonstration of mycelia and spores in scrapping, C. Response to injection of vitamin B12, D. Demonstration of ray fungus in granules', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | b333f3d2-f0c1-4af8-add4-2f13f2a99643 | [{'content': "The best radiographic view of temporomandibular joint\nis given by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transorbital view, B. Reverse Towne's view, C. Transpharyngeal, D. Panorex", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 13f3fee3-7298-41b1-9d44-a7d68b22db11 | [{'content': 'Submandibular calculus can be removed by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dilatation of the duct, B. Excision of the opening of duct, C. Removal of the gland, D. Incision of the duct and removal of calculus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dbd6efef-b527-48fe-86f3-2f0f6b861718 | [{'content': 'The best way to fill a bony defect will be with which of the following? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hydroxy apatite, B. Donor graft, C. Xenograft, D. Autograft', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Physiology | da70d380-7647-4452-8dbb-ade1663b6d5b | [{'content': 'A 36 year old female is found to have a large pituitary mass on MRI imaging. She underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Postop replacement of which of the following hormone is not needed? \nSelect and explain. \nA. L-Thyroxine, B. Estradiol, C. Glucocoicoids, D. Mineralocoicoids', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Aldosterone is majorly regulated by K+ & plasma volume The following factors play essential roles in aldosterone regulation: 1. | K+ concentration in ECF - | Aldosterone 2. | Angiotensin concentration in ECF - | Aldosterone3. | Na++ in ECF - decreases aldosterone very slightly4. ACTH from anterior pituitary - necessary for aldosterone sec but has little effect on controlling the rate of secretion in most physiological conditions. ACTH appears to play a permissive role in regulation of aldosterone of these, K+ ion conc. & RAAS are the most potent in regulating aldosterone secretion. Regulated by Hormone TSH Thyroid FSH Estrogen ACTH Glucocoicoids', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 3c6acd9a-5776-40dc-a952-678746215562 | [{'content': 'Barbiturates in pediatrics is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Contraindicated, B. Low safety, C. Can be used safely, D. Not much use', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 08fbda3f-1275-4a63-b34b-c57db24dcd70 | [{'content': 'Which of the following type of behavior is seen in stubborn child: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Obstinate., B. Timid., C. Whinning., D. Hysterical.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e1a006e0-911e-407d-93d5-ce39ae7f6137 | [{'content': "Recently two methods of cPAP; conventional and bubble cPAP were compared. In the conventional method, 90 out of 160 showed extubation failure while 40 out of 160 showed extubation failure in bubble method, which test would be the best to compare the statistical significance between the rates of extubation failure in the two tests? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chi square test, B. Student's test, C. Paired t test, D. Analysis of variance", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 19feb385-8320-4c7e-a010-3fd35c47efe4 | [{'content': 'Angle between rake face and radial line is called: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Edge angle., B. Rake angle., C. Clearance angle., D. Spiral angle.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Anatomy | 8e5ce21c-74ea-4b0d-b929-c03ee9d54765 | [{'content': 'Which of the following are true regarding levator ani EXCEPT? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Levator ani muscle is attached at pelvic brim, B. Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus are components, C. Fibres are directed posterior and medial, D. Suppos pelvic viscera', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Levator ani: Two levator ani muscles originate from each side of pelvic wall, course medially, inferiorly & join together in midline Levator ani muscle include 3 collections of muscle fibers- Pubococcygeus + Puborectalis + Iliococcygeus muscle Levator ani muscles help suppo pelvic viscera & maintain closure of rectum & vagina, maintain angle b/w rectum & anal canal. They are innervated by branches from anterior ramus of S4 and by branches of pudendal nerve (S2 to S4) It is attached to pubis & obturator fascia. Levator ani + ischio-coccygeus form - pelvis', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6d927c16-b63e-4534-8578-8eaa44008923 | [{'content': 'True congenital anodontia is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. X linked dominant, B. X linked recessive, C. Autosomal dominant, D. Polygenic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Congenital absence of teeth is a hereditary phenomenon passed through generations by an autosomal dominant pattern. Such a patient often presents with poor esthetics, mastication and disturbed social behavior.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0cfefe19-7cba-424e-928a-b462add52180 | [{'content': 'Most advantageous indication of acid etching is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decrease micro leakage, B. Decrease polymerization shrinkage, C. Decrease coefficient of thermal expansion, D. Decrease porosity in restorative material', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 4a5c465a-979c-468e-a5c8-286d987f9d4d | [{'content': 'Which hormone act by crossing cell membrane - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thyroxine, B. Insulin, C. Glucagon, D. Calcitonin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. ThyroxineIntracellular receptors are transcription factors that have binding sites for the hormone (ligand) and for DNA and function as ligand (hormone)-regulated transcription factors.Steroid hormones and the steroid derivative vitamin D3 fulfill this requirement.Thyroid hormones must be actively transpoed into the cell.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 91324f8c-5091-4fae-849c-c4477a571de8 | [{'content': "I.V. diazepam causes following in a patient on dental chair: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tinel's sign, B. Virrel's sign, C. Batters sign, D. Bell's sign", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | e995894b-0611-4ae2-ae1f-0d35025845ae | [{'content': 'Preferred drug for the treatment of uncomplicated grade 2 hypeension in a 48 year old man is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chlohalidone, B. Triamterene, C. Spironolactone, D. Furosemide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. Chlohalidone Thiazide diuretics are inexpensive, are generally well tolerated, and are recommended as a first-line therapy in the treatment of hypeension in the elderly population.Thiazide diuretics are as effective as any drug for first-line treatment of hypeension in the elderly population is the Antihypeensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Hea Attack Trial (ALLHAT) study.Patients who received the diuretic had a lower incidence of CV events (secondary outcomes) compared with the other groups. The diuretic treatment group had lower HF rates compared with the CCB group', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 91a17b74-aed0-4875-8808-3561874556ed | [{'content': "Which is not true \nSelect and explain. \nA. Actinomycin D is a mono clonal antibody, B. Actinomycin D is not a cell specific but It's a cell cycle specific, C. Vinblastine is not a cell specific but its a cycle/phase specific, D. None of above", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2b050ce8-53bf-4a3b-a4bd-fe1991b726c9 | [{'content': 'Bone better described as "bat with extended wings" is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ethmoid, B. Sphenoid, C. Nasal, D. Mandible', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bfcc4291-d666-4a3c-81ed-1b958e3a7b13 | [{'content': '"Cut back" incision made on laterally displaced flap is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mesial cut toward the donor site, B. Distal cut toward the donor site, C. Mesial cut toward the recipient site, D. Distal cut toward the recipient site', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 40e0568c-ca1b-4f22-8610-fb17eab30ede | [{'content': 'Which is the best incision preferred for diaphragmatic surgery?(AIIMS May 2015, May 2014) \nSelect and explain. \nA. Circumferential, B. Radial, C. Veical, D. Transverse', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Circumferential(Ref Sahiston and Spencer's Surge, of Chest 8/chapter 7)Circumferential incision: generally taken for diaphragmatic surgery.Circumferential incisions:In periphery regions - Result in little loss of function.Must be at least 5 cm lateral to edge of central tendon.To avoid posterolateral & anterolateral branches of phrenic nerve.Difficult to correctly realign after long operation.Placement of surgical clips on each side of muscular incision greatly facilitates correct spatial orientation on closing.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | dec39d56-fcb3-4cf1-8e83-e09a09a8ce6e | [{'content': 'CLED media better than Macconkey media \nSelect and explain. \nA. It stimulates growth of Staph and Candida as it is non selective, B. Inhibits swarming of proteus, C. Differentiates between Lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenters, D. Sodium taurocholate is used as selective agent.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Cysteine electrolyte deficient agar (CLED) is a non-selective media and it stimulates the growth of Staphylococcus and Candida whereas Mac Conkey agar is a selective media. Both CLED and MAC Conkey Agar inhibits the swarming of proteus and differentiate between lactose fermenter and non-lactose fermenter. Both use sodium Taurocholate as a selective agent and so first option is a better option.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | b98c9b26-1cf3-4d2f-80e5-ba589c91b94f | [{'content': 'A 2-day-old neonate in the neonatal ICU develops seizures. Which of the following would be the next best investigation for the child? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transcranial ultrasound, B. CT Head, C. MRI brain, D. X-ray', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A (Transcranial ultrasound)`Cranial ultrasonouraphy is the main imagine modality of premature neonates and well suited for the study of neonates in general.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5a14f3b2-0223-4ec7-a0e3-7c836e5d4a57 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the most common lesion of the mandible? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Adamantinoma, B. Osteogenic sarcoma, C. Squamous cell carcinoma, D. Osteoclastoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Medicine | a022212e-e91a-4bb5-b6ff-b1fb57ff48e0 | [{'content': 'A medical student presented to the ED with protracted vomiting. For this he was given and anti-emetic drug following which he developed abnormal posturing. Which of the following is the most likely drug to be given to the patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metoclopramdie, B. Ondansetron, C. Domperidone, D. Dexamethasone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Abnormal posturing - Metoclopramide (repeated or large dose) | Decrease dopamine level in brain | Extrapyramidal manifestation- acute dystonia', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 727846e5-b373-427f-bf08-541ec8c75262 | [{'content': "A patient complains of loss of visual acuity, deafness and enlargement of maxilla: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Paget's disease, B. Osteomalacia, C. Fibrous dysplasia, D. Osteogenesis imperfecta", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | dc1b8f32-3a71-4533-9e99-896ba280e5cf | [{'content': "The genetic mutation seen in the most common type of maturity onset diabetes of young (MOM') is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4, B. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1, C. Glucokinase, D. Insulin promoter factor-1", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer-b. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 Maturity onset Diabetes in Young (MODY) TypesMODY-1HNF-4 alphaMODY-2GlucokinaseMODY-3HNF-1 alpha (most common)MODY-4IPF-1MODY-5HNF-1 betaMODY-6NeuroD1/beta2', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | f4adbaa0-775b-4ef4-89e6-5f8b8290d6d9 | [{'content': "Which of the following is the most common inherited malignancy : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Infant leukemia, B. Retinoblastoma, C. Wilm's tumour, D. Neuroblastoma", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: "Retinoblastoma is the most strking example of inhirited cancer syndrome. Approximately 40% of retinoblastomas are familial. Carrier of this gene have a 10000 fold increased risk of developing retinoblastoma usualy bilateral".\n\n\nEach child of parent with familial bilateral retinoblastoam has a 50% risk of inheriting the retinoblastoma gene, of these 90% will develop retinoblastoma.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | df241854-3751-4087-bd3e-a203da28e38c | [{'content': 'All of the following are true about grey communicans except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. U nmyel inated, B. Connects to spinal nerves, C. Pregang I ion ic, D. Present medial to the white ramus cornmunicans', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. c. PreganglionicEach spinal nerve receives a branch called a gray ramus communicans from the adjacent paraveebral ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. The gray rami communicans contain postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system and are composed of largely unmyelinated neurons. This is in contrast to the white rami communicans, in which heavily myelinated neurons give the rami their white appearance. "The gray ramus communicans connects the sympathetic trunk or a ganglion to the anterior ramus and contains the postganglionic sympathetic fibers. It appears gray because postganglionic fibers are nonmyelinated. The gray ramus communicans is positioned medial to the white ramus communicans."', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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