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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 608ee01c-9e31-4688-a5b3-eaab8ca54795 | [{'content': 'Incomplete casting is the result of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. More porous investment in the mould, B. Narrow sprue diameter, C. Hollow sprue pin, D. Large reservoir', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 94377365-084a-4a08-9081-c1f2aa7b1b84 | [{'content': 'Restriction endonuclease cuts at \nSelect and explain. \nA. AAGGAA, B. AAGAAG, C. AAGTTC, D. AAGCTT', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer-D. AAGCTT* AAGCTT is the only palindrome among the choices. Because the sequence of only one DNA strand is given, one must determine the base sequence of the complementary strand. To be a palindrome, both strands must have the* The vast majority of restriction endonucleases recognize palindromes, andsame sequence when read in the 5'-3' direction. Thus, the complement of 5'-AAGCTT-3' is also 5'-AAGCTT-3'.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3f5c46d5-abc8-4727-ae33-91977a457218 | [{'content': 'The flap technique for pocket elimination and to increase\nin width of attached gingiva is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Coronally repositioned flap, B. Apically repositioned flap, C. Lateral pedicel flap, D. Modified widman flap', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | b93a261f-e949-43f7-baab-ff96eaf4d530 | [{'content': 'Hepatitis B occurs after an incubation period of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 week, B. 3 weeks, C. 3 months, D. 6 months', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8e59864a-686e-4d9f-9adf-803f4edca225 | [{'content': 'A tooth can be made to appear shorter by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Positioning gingival height of contour gingivally, B. Positioning gingival height of contour incisally, C. Positioning mesial and distal line angles closer, D. Positioning developmental depressions further apart', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | f816598f-ed46-457e-aefe-c2dab3c36251 | [{'content': 'True about placenta accreta is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Seen in cesarean scar, B. Removal should be done under GA in piecemeal, C. Chorionic villi invade serosa, D. It is an etiological factor for amniotic fluid embolism', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 977163b4-1714-48aa-b3cb-8e98a77d10d5 | [{'content': 'Standardized technique of cleaning and shaping was given by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Schilder, B. Ingle, C. Weine, D. Grossman', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 77bc7a7f-2138-438d-a372-089c4f806090 | [{'content': 'In which of the following microvilli are not present? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gallbladder, B. Duodenum, C. Collecting duct, D. Proximal convoluted tubule', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Collecting duct Microvilli - Finger-like cell surface extensions.Usually 0.1 mm in diameter & up to 2 mm long.Absorptive surfaces of epithelial enterocytes of small intestine - Arranged in regular parallel series & constitute striated border.In gallbladder epithelium & proximal kidney tubules - Are less regular constitute "brush border".', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 5101251c-4a2d-455e-81ec-547c58511440 | [{'content': 'In a patient with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis, which of the following will you observe on auscultation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Late inspiratory crackles, B. Bibasilar crepts, C. Both early and late inspiratory crackles, D. Tubular breath sounds', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Both early and late inspiratory crackles(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1661-1665, 18/e p2143)Post-tuberculous bronchiectasis affect one lung only & produce coarse crackles, which are usually biphasic.Bihasilar crepitations:Typical of fluid overload (due to pulmonary edema).Occur in both inspiration and expiration. Combination of coarse and fine crackles.Feature of bronchiectasis.Related to a combination of secretions and increased compliance of the walls in larger airways."Late inspiratory fine crackles - In COPD or pneumonia.Tubular breathing - In Lung consolidation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2e661cd8-117e-485a-b59a-2ba84b83aefa | [{'content': 'Radiograph of a periodontal ligament of a tooth which has lost its antagonist shows: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Widening of the PDL space, B. Narrowing of PDL space, C. Increased density, D. Sclerotic change', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 45ca5332-990d-47c7-8542-670dfc53479e | [{'content': 'The property of amalgam that makes it undesirable to bevel occlusal margins of an amalgam cavity preparation is its: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Flow, B. Ductility, C. Brittleness, D. Malleability', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | d50419e1-2a30-4eee-bc64-d8ed11d958cb | [{'content': '4 year old boy presented with recurrent chest infections. Sweat chloride test was done, showed values of 36 and 42. What is the next best investigation to confirm the diagnosis ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 72 hour fecal fat estimation, B. CT chest, C. Transepithelial nasal potential difference, D. DNA analysis of delta F 508 mutation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis \n1.\xa0\xa0 Sweat chloride testing\n\nThe sweat test is the standard approach to diagnosis.\nThe diagnosis is made by elevated sodium and chloride level in the sweat > 60 meq/1.\nTwo test on different days are required for accurate diagnosis.\nA normal sweat chloride dose not exclude the diagnosis. Genotyping and other tests such as measurement of nasal membrane potential difference, pancreatic function should be done if there is high clinical suspicion of cystic fibrosis.\n\n2.\xa0\xa0 Nasal potential difference\n\nMeasurement of nasal transepithelial potential difference in vivo can be useful adjunct in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.\nIndividuals with cystic fibrosis demonstrate a significantly more negative baseline nasal potential difference, with the topical application of amiloride there is loss of this potential difference.\n\n3.\xa0\xa0 Genetic analysis\n\nCystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder.\nIt is caused due to defect in CFTR (Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein.\nCystic fibrosis is associated with large number of mutations.\nMore than 1500 CFTR polymorphisms are associated with cystic fibrosis syndrome.\nThe most prevalent mutation of CFTR is the deletion of single phenylalanine residue at amino acid A508.\nThis mutation is responsible for high incidence of cystic fibrosis in northern European populations.\nApproximately 50% of individuals with CF who are of northern European ancestry are homozygous for A508 and >70% carry at least one A508 gene. The remainder of patients has an extensive array of mutation, none of which has prevalance of more than several percent.\nTesting for cystic fibrosis mutation was not possible because of the large no. of mutations associated with the disease.\nNow days commercial laboratories test for 30-80 of the most common CFTR mutations.\nThis testing identifies >90% individuals who carry 2CF mutations.\nNo where it is mentioned in the texts that testing only for A508 is enough for diagnosis. Detection of atleast 2 CF mutations are necessary for making the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 28709e53-cbb8-48d9-aa3e-44aaa7037257 | [{'content': 'Moality associated with emergency abdominal aoic surgery is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10%, B. 20%, C. 40%, D. >50%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- c. 40%With careful preopetative csrdiac evaluation and postoperative care, the operative moality rate approximates 1-2%.After acute rupture, the moality rate of emergent operation is 45-50%. Endovascular repair with stent placement is an emerging approach but at the current time is associated with a moality rate of approximately 40%.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ad724a47-320a-4b79-81d9-8bea8da0f4a5 | [{'content': 'Without supervision, allowed to give dentures \nSelect and explain. \nA. Denturist, B. Hygienist, C. School Dental nurse, D. Dental therapist', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3dd87433-e787-4141-8dfc-f9d4c97e7730 | [{'content': 'An apically repositioned flap \nSelect and explain. \nA. Does not preserve the attached gingiva, B. Does not increase the length of clinical crown, C. Is the procedure of choice for palatal pockets, D. Is a pocket elimination procedure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b3f14ba9-4e1c-444a-a072-8066fbf2481b | [{'content': 'Which of the following cells are most increased in number\nin the connective tissue wall of a periodontal pocket? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plasma cells, B. Leukocytes, C. Lymphocytes, D. Erythrocytes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8905d104-f4ce-405c-b67d-4ee5650bbfcd | [{'content': 'Which of the following classification uses the "canine law" malocclusion in a sagittal direction \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bonnet\'s classification, B. Simon classification, C. Dewey classification, D. Lischer\'s classification', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c9cba9dd-2aa1-4cb0-b01e-18bc141940c3 | [{'content': 'Stiffness is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Resistance to elastic deformation, B. Degree of elastic deformation, C. Resistance to plastic deformation, D. Degree of plastic deformation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | f1b944e7-35c7-4ae3-aea7-3cd1d32e5249 | [{'content': 'Which of the following type of collagen is present in healing and granulation tissue? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Type I, B. Type II, C. Type III, D. Type IV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: COLLAGEN TYPE TYPE DISTRIBUTION I Skin Most abundant II Connective tissue cailage and vitreous humor III Aeries and CVS Healing and Granulation tissue IV Basement membrane Defect lead to Alpo syndrome Gene defect - COL4A3-COL4A6 AUTOSOMAL and X linked Hematuria + OCULER Problem + hearing loss VII Junction of dermal and epidermal Defect lead to Epidermolysis bullosa Gene defect - COL7A1', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 636a3c09-3bda-40dd-bf94-c497bd39d8f6 | [{'content': 'Which one of the following drugs are not used in hea failure? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Metoprolol, B. Nesiritide, C. Trimetazidine, D. Sacubitril', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C.Trimetazidine* Trimetazidine is not used in hea failure.* Trimetazidine is a newer antianginal drug that is a pFOX inhibitor which paially inhibits the fatty acid oxidation pathway in the myocardium. This decreases the oxygen requirement of the hea.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 722775df-4795-47f4-86c9-435b5d489e8f | [{'content': "Which of the following hematological disease is associated with periodontal disease? \nSelect and explain. \nA. AIDS, B. Hypophosphatesia, C. Wegener's granulomatosis, D. Histocytosis", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 570239d9-50eb-43d4-9003-f8c2574aed5c | [{'content': 'Which among the following laboratory investigation is best to reveal bleeding in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DtC.? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased PT, B. Increased aPTT, C. Decreased fibrinogen, D. Increased FDPs', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. Increased FDPsRef: Essentials of Haematology by Shirish Kawathalkar, 2"d ed., pg. 442-147Two types of DIC are acute (decompensated and chronic cornpensated).Acute DIC:Findings in acute DIC are low platelet, prolonged PT & APTT, low fibrinogen, and increased FDP and D-dimer.Chronic DlC:Findings are normal platelet count, normal PT & APTT.However, FDP and D-dimer are increased.So in acute DIC, all the four options are correct, while if we consider the question as chronic DIC, then best possible answer is increased FDP.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7ee5bbf7-1b68-4ac0-943d-c4486ba7892f | [{'content': 'All of the following conditions are true regarding false positive results on EPT testing except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Immature apex, B. Improper Isolation, C. Partial Pulpal Necrosis, D. Anxiety', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b9bcd2d8-268e-44fa-b162-9473d60055d9 | [{'content': 'Creep rate decreases with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase force of condensation, B. Decrease force of condensation, C. Under or overtrituration, D. Dealy in time between trituration and condensation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 16376460-3aee-4d18-8e7e-73660436d0ec | [{'content': 'How much Is the connective tissue width around an Implant \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2-3 mm, B. 3-3.65 mm, C. 4-4.5 mm, D. 4-5 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 4f22926c-1054-4056-8530-dd84d32600f9 | [{'content': 'Monitoring and diagnosis after completion of H. pylori treatment is done through \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gastric acid test, B. urea breath test, C. bacterial culture of stool, D. sodium chloride test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | cbf6cefb-7428-4d61-9940-03967a1a56b8 | [{'content': 'ECG with "mean" axis of 90deg. In which lead there would be the maximum voltage of R wave? \nSelect and explain. \nA. III, B. I, C. aVF, D. aVL', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C. aVF90deg cardiac axis corresponds straight to lead aVF and hence as such maximum 'It' wave amplitude would be seen in that lead only.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 43232539-be9b-4292-8d95-7f9c5d909153 | [{'content': 'In arthroscopy, for TMJ adhesion lysis, the laser used is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ho-Yag, B. Er-Yag, C. He-Ne, D. Argon', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | d0c2e565-6176-49a0-b3c8-8f0ac586d82f | [{'content': 'Which one of the following is the most common tumor associated with type I neurofibromatosis – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Optic nerve glioma, B. Meningioma, C. Acoustic schwannoma, D. Low grade astrocytoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Neurofthromatosis type (Von-Reeltdinghewsen disease) \n\nNF-1 is diagnosed when any two of the following seven signs are present.\n\n1. Six or more cafe-au-gait macules\n\n> 5 mm in prepupertal individuals\n> 15 mm in postpubertal individuals\nCafe-au-lait spots are the hallmark of neurofibromatosis and are present in almost 100% of the patient.\n\n2. Axillary or inguinal frecking\n3. Two or more Lisch nodules.\n\nLisch nodules are hamartomas located within the iris.\n\n4. Two or more neurofibroma or one plexiform neurofibroma.\n\nTypically involve the skin, but may be situated along peripheral nerves and blood vessels.\nThey are small, rubbery lesions with a slight purplish discoloration of the overlying skin.\n\n5. A distinctive osseous lesion.\n\nSphenoid dysplasia or cortical thinning of long bones.\n\n6. Optic glioma\n7. A first degree relative with NF-1\nOther findings are : -\n\nPseudoarthrosis of tibia.\nScoliosis is the most common orthopaedic problem in NF-1, but is not specific enough to be included as a diagnostic criterian.\nShort stature\n\n\nMental retardation, epilepsy\n\n\nHypertension\n\n\nAqueductal stenosis with hydrocephalus\nMeningiomas, ependynomas, Astrocytomas, pheochromocytomas.\n\nNF-1 is caused by mutation in NF-1 gene on chromosome 17 which encodes protein neurofibromin-1.\nNeurofibromatosis type -2 \n\nNF-2 may be diagnosed when one of the following two features are present.\n\n\nBilateral ocoustic neuroma --> Most distinctive feature\nA parent, sibling or child with NF-2 and either unilateral eighth nerve masses or any two of the following Neurofibroma, meningioma, glioma, Schwannoma or juvenile post subcapsular cataract.\n\n\nNF-2 is cause by mutation in NF-2 gene on chromosome 22 that encodes for protein neurofibromin 2, Schwannomin or merlin.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d55629c9-7b28-4491-b0af-f7cbfd962a08 | [{'content': 'Etching depth after 30 sec for orthodontic bracket with orthophosphoric acid is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10 μm — 20 μm, B. 3 μm — 9 μm, C. 50 μm — 110 μm, D. 200 μm — 250 μm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 16533187-64d0-47f9-be71-dba4d56615fe | [{'content': 'A 1.5 kg child born at 32 weeks by LSCS presents with moderate respiratory difficulty (RR 70/ minutes). Which of the following is the appropriate management – \nSelect and explain. \nA. CPAP, B. Mechanical ventilation, C. Warm oxygen, D. Surfactant and ventilation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Specific treatment for HMD is intratracheal surfactant therapy. This therapy requires endotracheal intubation, which also may be necessary to achieve adequate ventilation and oxygenation.\nLess premature infants (those > 1 kg or > 28-30 weeks gestation) and those with lower 02 requirements (Fi02 < 40 - 50%) may respond well to supplemental 02 alone or to treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pharmacology | 666e12f6-d2f8-4ba5-97ff-1078dc287def | [{'content': 'A nurse got accidental prick from the HIV infected needle. Which of the following statements is false regarding the management of this nurse? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zidovudine is used as monotherapy for post-exposure prophylaxis, B. Washing hands with soap and water is advised, C. Baseline viral markers of health care personnel should be done at the time of presentation, D. Follow up viral markers of health care personnel should be measured at 6 weeks', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Post exposure prophylaxisTreatment should be staed within 72 hours of exposure, preferably as early as possible At first the wound is washed with soap and water. Secondly before initiating drug therapy blood samples are taken to measure the baseline viral markers Then three drug therapy is given for 28 days. The drugs include 2 NI PLUS a protease inhibitor (or alternative drug). Commonly used therapy include Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Atazanavir/r After 6 weeks again viral markers are measured to check for the infection. Post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection For adults and adolescents Preferred 2 NI: Tenofovir (300 mg) + Emtricitabine (200 mg) daily Preferred PI: Lopinavir/r (400 + 100 mg) or Atazanavir/r (300 + 100 mg) daily Alternative 3rd drug: Darunavir/r (600 + 100 mg BD) or Raltegravir/r (400 mg BD) or Eirenz (600 mg daily) For children <= 10 years Preferred 2 NI: Zidovudine + Lamivudine Alternative 3rd drug: Atazanavir/r or Darunavir/r or Eirenz or Raltegravir Preferred PI: Lopinavir Alternative 3rd drug: Atazanavir/r or Darunavir/r or Eirenz or Raltegravir Duration of regimen: 4 weeks', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0a3c5105-0818-4067-88e1-fb89e5d36957 | [{'content': 'Which type of prefabricated post preparation system in mandibular molar is preferred? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tapered, screwed in, B. Parallel, screwed in, C. Tapered, passively cemented, D. Parallel, partially cemented', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 7aa9be4f-bb90-4284-8816-b7360a1a444b | [{'content': 'All of the following increases calcium absorption from the gut except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phytates, B. Vitamin D, C. Alkaline pH in the gut, D. Protein in diet', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Alkaline pH in gut Factors increasing Calcium AbsorptionFactors decreasing Calcium AbsorptionVitamin DdegParathormonedegAcidic pHdegLactosedegAmino acidsdeg (protein rich diet)OxalatesdegPhytatesdegAlkaline pHdegHigh phosphatedegHigh Mg2+CaffeinesdegDietary fibersdeg', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5bcec4d3-777e-4593-b9a0-fa97999f8481 | [{'content': 'A screening test is used in the same way in two similar populations but the proportion of false positive results in population A is lower than that in population B. what is the likely explanation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. The specificity of the test is lower in population A, B. The prevalence of the disease is lower in population A, C. The prevalence of the disease is higher in population A, D. The specificity of test is higher in population A', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 7f6a2842-7816-4a42-821c-d6e066a36fb4 | [{'content': 'If untreated, percentage of mother to child transmission of HIV during delivery without intervention in a non-breast fed child is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 40-50%, B. 10-15%, C. 15-30%, D. 5%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. 15-30%'In the absence of any intervention, an estimated 15-30% of mothers with HIY infection will transmit the infection duringprcgnsncy and delivery. and 10-20% will transmit the infection, through breast feeding. Veical transmission of IIIV-Loccurs mostly during the intrapaum period (50-70%).'- COGDT l0/e p692", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 32cb89d3-375d-4ada-873b-4ae11edd21a1 | [{'content': 'Two palatal roots are found in what percentage of maxillary 1st molars \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1-4%, B. 2-10%, C. 0-1 %, D. Two palatal roots are never found', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 6530c9cc-2e1e-4b4a-9f7f-de0431d05799 | [{'content': 'The cell junctions allowing exchange of cytoplasmic molecules between two cells are called: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gap junctions, B. Tight junctions, C. Anchoring junctions, D. Focal junctions', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 90e1de32-990e-4ebe-8e95-4934cd98e601 | [{'content': 'A middle aged male patient presents with fever and diarrhea for 1 week and acute onset pain abdomen for 6 hours. An erect abdominal X-ray was taken as shown. What is the likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pseudomembranous colitis, B. Adenocarcinoma colon, C. Pneumatosis intestinalis, D. Toxic megacolon', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Toxic megacolonToxic megacolon is a serious life-threatening condition that can occur in patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn'scolitis, and infectious colitides such as pseudomembranous colitisThis decompensation results in a necrotic thin-walled bowel in which pneumatosisa can often be seen radiographically.Diagnosis:Plain abdominal radiographs are critical for diagnosing toxic megacolon and for following its course.Transverse colon is usually the most dilated >6 cm on supine films.Mutiple air-fluid levels in the colon are common; normal colonic haustlal pattern is either absent or severely disturbed.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b6662113-6b69-40b4-934f-2f69c1c760d6 | [{'content': 'Difference between the skin and mucosa of cheek is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thin lamina and non keratinized mucosa of cheek, B. Keratinized mucosa of cheek, C. Rete pegs, D. Thick lamina propria on skin of cheek', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | e2ae0a47-f237-4f8f-9dff-5395798420e1 | [{'content': 'Scaphoid fracture at waist with retrograde blood supply. Which segment is most susceptible to avascular necrosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Proximal, B. Distal, C. Middle, D. Scaphoid tubercle', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. ProximalMost common site of scaphoid fracture is Waist.Fractures can occur essentially anywhere along the scaphoid, but distribution is not even:waist of scaphoid: 70-80%proximal pole: 20%distal pole (or so-called scaphoid tubercle): 10%', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin | ce4876e4-6a17-465e-a1c4-6353dad02e85 | [{'content': 'A 12 years old boy came with complaints of 4 hypopigmented patches on back and on left arm. The patches had loss of sensation. Which of the following is the treatment for this case? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rifampicin (450 mg) + Dapsone (50 mg) + Clofazimine (150 mg) monthly and 50 mg daily, B. Rifampicin (600 mg) + Dapsone (150 mg) only, C. Rifampicin (450 mg) + Dapsone (50 mg) + Clofazimine (150 mg) monthly and 50 mg alternate days, D. Rifampicin (600 mg) + Dapsone (150 mg) + Clofazimine (300 mg) monthly and 50 mg daily', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Rifampicin (450 mg) + Dapsone (50 mg) + Clofazimine (150 mg) monthly and 50 mg alternate daysThe clinical history fits the patient into multibacillary leprosy and requires extensive multidrug therapy for 12 months.Since the patient is aged 12 years, doses are Rifompicin (450 mg) * Dapsone (50 mg) + Clofazimine (150 mg) monthly and 50 mg alternate days.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | a1a782cf-d0f2-4645-a96d-79ef0cef3516 | [{'content': 'Uses of atropine are A/E - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Organophoshorus poisoning, B. Mushroom poisoning, C. Arrhythmia, D. Miotic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. is 'd' i.e., MioticCLINICAL USES OFATROPINE Remember - ATROPAA As mydriatic - cycloplegicT --> 'Traveller's diarrhoeaR --> Rapid (early) onset mushroom poisoning0 --> Organophosphate poisoningP --> Preanaesthetic medicationA Arrhythmias (brady-arrhythmias)Atropine is also used with neostigmine in mysthenia gravis to decrease anti,nuscarinic side effects of neostigmine --> As atropine blocks muscarinic receptors, use of atropine prevents muscarinic side effects of neostigmine, while neostigmine retains its benficial effects in mysthenics which are due to nicotinic receptors.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 46b87f53-f447-40b1-a0c0-85334ad9d9e7 | [{'content': 'What are the cut-off values in 2 hours oral glucose tolerance test for fasting and at 1 hour and 2 hours after meals respectively? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 92, 182, 155, B. 92, 180, 153, C. 95, 180, 155, D. 92, 180, 155', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. 92, 180, 153(Ref Williams 24/e p1137)Cut-off values in 2 hours oral glucose tolerance test for fasting and at 1 hour & 2 hours after meals respectively.Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes by Oral Glucose Tolerance TestingTime 75-gm GlucoseFasting92 mg/dL5.1 mmol/L1-hour180 mg/dL10.0 mmol/L2-hours153 mg/dL8.5 mmol/L', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 2c00fc07-1a54-4b6f-b7a0-a3d2f3e4bf53 | [{'content': 'You have performed a pleural tap in a patient with suspected TB. You will send the sample for all of the following studies except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gene Xpe, B. ADA, C. LDH, D. Albumin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Albumin(Ref: Harrison 19/c p1715-1716)The most impoant diagnostic tests in pleural fluid specimen in a patient with suspected TB are GeneXpe (PCR) and ADA levels.Total protein levels and LDH levels are required to differentiate between transudative and exudative effusion according to Light's Criteria.So doing a pleural fluid albumin level separately will not be very useful.Total protein estimation should be done instead.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 163bb472-c103-427d-af80-65e0d820cfb6 | [{'content': 'HOX gene is responsible for which malformation \nSelect and explain. \nA. Polysyndactyly, B. Holoprosencephaly, C. Mayer Rokitansky syndrome, D. Gorlin syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | bc8e9ed4-81fd-4c8e-9381-ae6c4d193066 | [{'content': 'Possible conversion to choriocarcinoma after hydatidiform mole is denoted by all of the following, except:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rising hCG, B. More Theca lutein cysts, C. Increase uterus size, D. Sub urethral nodule', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Pre-disposing factors for development of choriocarcinoma after molar pregnancy - Rising hCG >100,000 Increased uterus size >6 cm Theca-lutein cysts * Sub urethral nodule indicates vaginal metastasis from choriocarcinoma ,it is not a predisposing factor. * Do not try to biopsy the sub urethral nodule it will result in torrential hemorrhage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 2066f9f0-3eb8-4f40-8ca3-39406b885674 | [{'content': 'Lateral pharyngeal space is not connected directly by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Buccal space, B. Sublingual space, C. Submandibular space, D. Retropharyngeal space', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 82e2995c-8c88-47f9-b3d4-bcf04355a688 | [{'content': 'On abdominal ultrasound gallbladder shows diffuse wall thickening with hyperechoic nodules at neck and comet tail aifacts. The most likely diagnosis will be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Adenomyomatosis, B. Adenocarcinoma of gallbladder, C. Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, D. Cholesterol crystals', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans.A. AdenomyomatosisAdenomyomatosis is a benign condition characterized by hyperplastic changes of unknown etiology involving the GB wall.It causes overgrowth of the mucosa, thickening of muscular wall, and formation of intramural diveicula or sinus tracts termed as Aschoff-Rokitansky sinuses.Investigations-USG- The presence of cholesterol crystals in these sinuses can result in "diamond ring sign", "V-shaped", or "comet-tail" aifacts on USG.Treatment- Cholecystectomy is indicated in symptomatic adenomyomatosis or when cholelithiasis is present.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 76422943-32a6-4fda-b0b2-7cac248bb79f | [{'content': "p' value is 0.00, then \nSelect and explain. \nA. Results are true of 99.9% of population, B. Test is not significant, C. 1% of significance, D. There is no co-relation", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 1f473717-d2b8-489e-969e-be0de6c30e86 | [{'content': 'The amino acid, which is used in the estimation of collagen is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hydroxyproline, B. Proline, C. Lysine, D. Glycine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 0113e4a7-b3a0-43f7-a30f-4e144fbac764 | [{'content': "A child with Down's syndrome has Moon facies, retarded mentally and which of the facial characteristics: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary prognathism, B. Mandibular retrognathia, C. Mandibular prognathism, D. Maxillary hypoplasia", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 95deaff5-dc0b-42a7-b257-573f3de4c88d | [{'content': 'Best Age to sta bone mineral density test in female. \nSelect and explain. \nA. After 50 years, B. After 55 years, C. After 60 years, D. After 65 years', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans.d.After 65 yearsNOF recommends:Bone density test :In woman age 65 or older.In man age 70 or older.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 1450ca65-dcd0-49a1-bb7d-b633740c3436 | [{'content': 'Haddon matrix is related to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Injury prevention, B. Communicable diseases, C. Maternal and child moality, D. Hypeensive disorders', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Communicable diseasesHaddon matrix:Related to injury prevention.Most commonly used paradigm in injury prevention field.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: ENT | afd502ff-b700-4ecf-acec-f849331dd1ed | [{'content': 'Which of the following marked arrow represent lateral semicircular canal during coical mastoidectomy: \nSelect and explain. \nA. A, B. B, C. C, D. D', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: A - Incus, B - Facial nerve, C - lateral semicircular canal, D - Chorda tympani.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | a3912f88-1e01-46ed-9f13-544c1a36fbb5 | [{'content': 'Expected surgical procedure most frequently indicated for odontogenic cysts is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Incision and drainage, B. Sclerosing solution, C. Marsupialisation, D. Enucleation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 775ae087-72e3-45fb-9b1d-e4a74bddc1c1 | [{'content': 'A boy complains of bleeding gums, swollen, Joints with hemorrhage into joints. His paternal and maternal uncle complains of same problem. It is due to deficiency of factor: \nSelect and explain. \nA. VIII, B. IX, C. X, D. VI', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | c7dddaf3-1c36-425d-8208-07125d469486 | [{'content': 'Deepest layer of deep cervical fascia is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prevertebral, B. Carotid sheath, C. Pretracheal, D. Temporal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Deep cervical fascia, also known as fascia colli is condensed to form 6 layers.\n\nInvesting layer.\nPretracheal layer.\nPrevertebral layer.\nCarotid sheath.\nBuccopharyngeal fascia.\nPharyngobasilar fascia.\n\nPrevertebral\xa0fascia:\n\nIt is the deepest layer of deep cervical fascia.\nIt lies in front of prevertebral muscles and forms the floor of posterior triangle of neck.\nIt is separated from pharynx and buccopharyngeal fascia by retropharyngeal space.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 3513f98e-19a9-4dfd-8f49-1e8514c3907c | [{'content': 'In the formula for urea clearance, C = U x V/P, what does U stands for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Urinary concentration in g/24 hour, B. Urinary concentration in mg/ml, C. Urine osmolarity, D. Urine volume per minute', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Urinary concentration in mg/ml(Ref: Ganong 25/p p676. 21/c p678)In given formula for measuring GFR:C = Clearance of the substanceU = Urinary concentration of the substance in mg/mlP = Plasma concentration of the substance in mg/mlV = Volume of urine', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | aa1d43f7-96e9-46b0-9795-a78bcc1f064e | [{'content': 'Trisodium phosphate in alginate acts as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Retarder, B. Reactor, C. Accelerator, D. Plasticizer', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 56afd089-38a1-40c8-ad6c-fe369383198b | [{'content': 'For measuring hardness of Co-Cr alloy, which hardness test is used? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vicat apparatus, B. Cold bend, C. Heat and cold bend, D. Rockwell hardness test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: The Vicat apparatus is commonly used to measure the initial setting time of gypsum products.\xa0\nA method for the measurement of ductility is known as the cold bend test.\nRockwell Hardness Number (RHN) Like the\xa0Brinell hardness test, a steel ball or a conical diamond point is used. However, instead of measuring the diameter of the impression, the depth is measured directly by a dial gauge on the instrument.\xa0\n\nApplication:\xa0The Rockwell test has a wider application for materials, since Brinell test is unsuitable for brittle\xa0materials as well as plastic materials.\nRef- Mannapallil BASIC DENTAL MATERIALS\xa0 P:24', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology | 8e7413da-351b-468d-8168-961cd50bda0a | [{'content': "A patient presented with intermittent fever, no weight loss, no anorexia, but with a retroperitoneal mass. Peripheral smear findings were normal. Gross & microscopy of the mass is given. What's the diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. NHL, B. Castleman disease, C. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia, D. Ig G4 disease", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Onion skin appearance of lymph node is characteristic for Castleman disease It is alympho proliferative disorder. It has 2 variants: Unicentric Has 2 variants: 1)Highly vasculara More common , patients are asymptomatic Histology: -Twinning- Presence of two germinal centers -Onion skin pattern-Lymphocytes causes thickening of mantle zone -Lollipop lesions- Sclerosed blood vessel that infiltrate lymph node germinal center Multicentric ?Associated with immune suppression ?Presents as : Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Night sweats Fever 2)Plasma cell varianta Less common, patients are symptomatic: - Weight loss -Night sweats -Fever Histology: Plasma cells in interfollicular areas causing hyperplasia of germinal center Lymph node architecture is distoed but LN is preserved in unicentric variant', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 87a02021-923f-4cd0-b93d-bfb486c0aa29 | [{'content': 'One day after complete mouth extraction, blue black spots are seen on the neck of the patients. These spots indicate: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thrombocytopenic purpura, B. Postoperative ecchymosis, C. Impaired blood circulation, D. Cellulitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d95b767a-8152-4636-8d0a-0da18b352aa1 | [{'content': 'painful crater like 1.5 cm ulcer develops within one week on the hard palate mucosa of a 40 year old female. The most likely diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Actinomycosis, B. Squamous cell carcinoma, C. Pleomorphic adenoma, D. Necrotizing sialometaplasia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Medicine | cc1da36a-147f-4b74-9015-b7640ebb7ead | [{'content': 'Most common cause of lobar hemorrhage in elderly age group ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypeension, B. Vascular malformation, C. Coagulopathy, D. Amyloid angiopathy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Though hypeension is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage, the usual site for it is putamen, thalamus, pons and cerebellum. But lobar hemorrhage in elderly is most commonly due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, where there is amyloid deposition in the walls of cerebral aeries following aeriolar degeneration.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 035a6e66-f990-4d45-abd9-9855059b027a | [{'content': 'Which of the following is least likely to cause infective endocarditis: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Staphylococcus albus., B. Streptococcus faecalis., C. Salmonella typhi., D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b69ced59-82cc-43b7-b3b8-829f8ee8930b | [{'content': 'Platelet derived growth factor is released in vessels from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endothelial cells, B. Fibroblasts, C. Macrophages, D. Alpha granules', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Platelet activation:\n\xa0 The adherent platelets get activated, undergo a shape change and degranulate. The\xa0granules in the platelets can be\n\nAlpha\xa0 granules\xa0 having\xa0 P-selectin,\xa0 fibrinogen,\xa0 fibronectin,\xa0 factors\xa0 V\xa0 and\xa0 VIII,\xa0platelet\xa0 factor\xa0 4,\xa0 platelet-derived\xa0 growth\xa0 factor,\xa0 and\xa0 transforming\xa0 growth\xa0factor-β.\nDelta\xa0 granules\xa0 or\xa0 delta\xa0 bodies\xa0 having\xa0 ADP,\xa0 ATP,\xa0 ionized\xa0 calcium,\xa0 histamine,\xa0serotonin, and epinephrine.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 7f982d0f-5ee4-4069-b03b-dab4d9130c37 | [{'content': 'Down syndrome is caused by all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trisomy of 21 chromosome, B. Mosaicism of 21 chromosome, C. Robertsonian translocation of 21.21, 21.18, D. Deletion of 21', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Three cytogenetic variants cause Down syndrome:\xa0\n\nTrisomy 21\nChromosomal translocation\nMosaicism\n\nTrisomy 21 accounts for nearly 95% of all patients with Down syndrome.\nIt is now generally accepted that there are at least three forms of Down syndrome:\xa0\n\nOne in which there is the typical trisomy 21 with 47 chromosomes (accounting for about 95% of cases)\nAnother termed the translocation type, in which there appear to be only 46 chromosomes, although the extra chromosome material of number 21 is translocated to another chromosome of G or D group, either 21/22 translocation or 21/21 translocation (about 3% of cases)\nAnother that is the result of chromosomal mosaicism (about 2%)\n\nRajendran R. Shafer's textbook of oral pathology. Edition 7. Page 729", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 53925f03-9145-4ca4-97ea-2e9f154fd36c | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the most common organism found in retreatment cases of periapical abscess? \nSelect and explain. \nA. E. faecalis, B. Trepenoma denticola, C. S. mutans, D. Actinomyces', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: PERSISTENT APICAL PERIODONTITIS\n\nIt is post-treatment apical periodontitis in an endodontically treated tooth (re-treatment case).\nEnterococcus faecalis is found the most consistently reported organism in persistent apical periodontitis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | be3afdad-0f5b-4443-8293-746222d73844 | [{'content': 'Maximum chances of fracture are present when which of these forces are present on a bone: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tension, B. Torsion, C. Compression, D. Either of the three', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 9baccdab-543d-4508-8192-493ac564b258 | [{'content': 'Phrenic nerve chiefly supplies? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stomach, B. Diaphragm, C. Oesophagus, D. Ileum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | aac3f7a9-9821-4f19-a131-0f6661d13562 | [{'content': 'Regional Odontodysplasia is most common in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular premolar, B. Mandibular canine, C. Mandibular third molar, D. Maxillary central incisor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 7bb79319-a8ea-4023-89bb-2423f53fc121 | [{'content': 'During surgical excision of the parotid gland the following structures may be damaged: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lesser occipital nerve, hypoglossal nerve, chorda tympani, B. Facial nerve and auriculotemporal nerve, C. Submandibular duct, D. Cervical fascia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | dda876e4-c6ba-4136-bf0c-cc5dac90a7a4 | [{'content': 'A dye injected in to space to see the joint is known as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Arthrography, B. Arthroscopy, C. Arthroplasty, D. Orthopantogram', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | a86db080-2d2a-4eb2-abb0-11de110167f8 | [{'content': 'An elderly male presents with T3NO laryngeal carcinoma. What would be the management? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, B. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy, C. Radical radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy, D. Radical radiotherapy without chemotherapy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Concurrent chemoradiotherapyAn elderly male presents with T3N0 laryngeal carcinoma. Treatment is concunent chemoradiotherapy.'Advanced laryngeal cancers are ofien treated by combining radiation with concurrent chemotherapy for larynxpresemation and total laryngectomy for bulky T4 disease or salvage.''Concurrent radiation therapy plus Cisplatin resulted in a statistically higher percentage ofpatients with an intact larynxat I0 years.'", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0bf8959c-a410-42df-bde1-678d021599d9 | [{'content': 'Which is the only anterior teeth with Mesiodistal size more than Cervicoincisal dimension \nSelect and explain. \nA. Deciduous lower central incisor, B. Permanent lower central incisor, C. Deciduous upper lateral incisor, D. Permanent upper lateral incisor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 2fad53ed-ad7b-4194-8316-7fd39b1089a4 | [{'content': 'Which of the following abnormalities is commonly seen in a fetus with congenital CMV infection: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Colitis, B. Myocarditis, C. Blood dyscrasias, D. Pulmonary cyst', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Manifestation of congenital CMV infection:\n\nStill birth\nMicrocephaly\nChoroidoretinitis\xa0\nDeafness\nHemolytic anemia (Blood dyscrasias simply stands for any hematological disorder)\nPneumonitis\nThrombocytopenia with petechiae and purpura\nIUGR\nHepatosplenomegaly\nIcterus\nMental retardation\nHave intracranial calcifications', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b55d9ee8-ae0e-4a10-a2a5-f8553f94abec | [{'content': 'White radiating Lines can be observed in case of Lesions of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lichen planus, B. Erythema multiforme, C. Pemphigus, D. Leukoplakia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | b0551251-13ff-4dba-b185-e8b5c850d656 | [{'content': 'Which among the following is not true about ankylosing spondylitis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Enthesis is the primary site of pathology, B. More common in Females, C. TNF plays an impoant role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis, D. Sacroiliitis is the earliest manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans.B. More common in FemalesAnkylosing spondylitis is more common in males.(M:F is between 2:1 to 3:1).There is preferential involvement of entheses ( Site of attachment of ligament or tendon to the bone).TNF a plays a major role in immunopathogenesis.Sacroiliitis is often the first manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis. Synovitis, pannus, subchondral granulation tissue and marrow edema, enthesitis and chondroid differentiation are also found.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 1b7a2a1c-6321-4541-b649-7db8418c38da | [{'content': 'Cephalosporin\tactive\tagainst\tpseudomonas\naeruginosa \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cefoperazone, B. Cefaclor, C. Ceftriaxone, D. Cefotaxime', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 53b25799-4578-4b4b-aa22-5c9aa6b4f62c | [{'content': 'The least effect on the prognosis of a periodontal disease is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Suppuration from the pocket, B. Furcation involvement, C. Alveolar bone loss, D. Co-operation and motivation of the patient', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | b057a579-865e-4b5d-bd32-c859e19078c6 | [{'content': 'Occulomotor nerve passes through \nSelect and explain. \nA. Foramen rotundum, B. Superior orbital fissure, C. Inferior orbital fissure, D. Foramen ovale', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 8695d0f1-5264-4bb9-acd8-9d9b634f2b4c | [{'content': 'A child presents to the emergency with a history of ingestion of button battery, on X-ray it was found in the stomach or duodenum. What is the next step? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endoscopic removal of battery, B. Wait and watch, C. Repeat X-ray after 5 days, D. Immediate laparotomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Wait and watchRef: NBIH Button bsttery ingestion triage and treatment guideline.The management of a Button battery ingestion depends upon the anatomical site of the impacted battery.Button batteries that have cleared the stomach usually pass through the gastrointestinal tract within one week without complications.Follow-up radiographs should be performed in asymptomatic patients who have not passed the battery by 10 to l4 days, regardless ofsize or earlier if patient becomes symptomatic.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 08773184-d813-48bd-b8ac-fdcaab87d67c | [{'content': 'A child with tetralogy of fallot uses which of the following positions – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Supine, B. Prone, C. Squatting, D. Leaning forwards', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The patients of TOF assume a sitting posture (squatting) as soon as they get dyspneic.\nTOF is the commonest congenital lesion in which squatting is noted.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 13843218-9b0f-452b-868b-b8d3b317730a | [{'content': 'True about Arrangement of hydroxyapatite crystals in Enamel rods? \nSelect and explain. \nA. In center orientation of hydroxyapatite crystal is 0 degree, B. Orientation of hydroxyapatite crystals at periphery is 45 degree, C. Both, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7a660bba-aabd-448d-9d13-38ee7837c97f | [{'content': 'Predisposing clinical condition for endodontic flare up? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acute periapical abscess, B. Acute apical periodontitis, C. Asymptomatic necrotic pulp with periapical lesion, D. Pain and swelling since the treatment', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | d0b07125-fc73-4874-9663-29e54ed5413a | [{'content': 'Regarding ASO titre all are seen except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. ASO can be increased in school children, B. May be negative in post streptococcal glomerulonephritis, C. ASO titre included in major criteria in jones criteria, D. May not be elevated in 20% cases of carditis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Evidence of antecedent group 'A' streptococcal infection \n\nPositive throat cultures or rapid streptococcal antigen tests for group A streptococcoci are less reliable for antecedent infection capable of producing rheumatic fever because they do not distinguish between recent infection and chronic pharyngeal carriage (as many people are carrier of this bacteria).\nAntibody tests are the most reliable laboratory evidence of antecedent streptococcal infection capable of producing\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 g acute rheumatic fever. The onset of clinical manifestations of acute rheumatic fever coincides with the peak of the streptococcal antibody response.\nThe antibodies used commonly for serological tests are antistreptolysin 0 (ASO), antideoxyribonuclease (Anti-DNAse) and antihyaluronidase.\nASO titre is well standardized and therefore is most widely used test. It has following features.\n\n\nElevated in 80% of patients with acute rheumatic fever (So, 20% patients do not show elevated titre) Sensitivity is 80%.\nIt is elevated in 20% of normal individuals perticularly in healthy school children of elementary school age (20% false positive).\nASO titers of at least 333 Todd units in children and 250 Todd units in adults are considered elevated.\nIt is included in minor criteria of jones criteria (not in major criteria).\n\n\nAnti DNAse B titers of 240 Todd units or greater in children and 1200 Todd units or greater in adults are considered elevated.\nIf three antibody tests (ASO, anti-DNAse and anti-hyaluronidase) are used simultaneously, a titer for at least one antibody test is elevated in 95% of cases —> Sensitivity of combined three antibody tests is 95%.\nThe streptozyme test is a simple slide agglutination test for extra-cellular streptococcal antigen absorbed to red blood cells (passive hemagglutination) test. It is almost 100% sensitive but specificity is very low and it is less standardized and less reproducible than the other antibody tests. Therefore, it should not be used as a diagnostic test for evidence of antecedent group A streptococcal infection.\n\nAbout option 'b'\n\nASO titre may not be elevated in PSGN if PSGN develops secondary to skin infection.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 1c25695e-3dfc-4f00-815a-7c6dfa0478fc | [{'content': '28 yr with infeility lapro tube uterus healthy ovary diagnosis - \nSelect and explain. \nA. PCOS, B. Ovarian cyst, C. Fibroid, D. Endometriosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans.D. EndometriosisIn endometriosis, cause of infeility isImmobility of tubesAnovulationTubal blockMale factor: 30%Tubal, uterine & peritoneal factor: 25%Ovarian factor: 25%Cervical factor: 10%Unexplained factor: 10%', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: ENT | a43a0fc3-9d61-45a2-8ebd-f90bb31af019 | [{'content': "Which of the following is not the branch of external carotid aery in Kiesselbach's plexus? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anterior Ethmoidal aery, B. Sphenopalatine aery, C. Greater palatine aery, D. Septal branch of superior labial aery", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: NASAL SEPTUM Internal Carotid System 1. Anterior ethmoidal aery 2. Posterior ethmoidal aery External Carotid System Branches of ophthalmic aery 1. Sphenopalatine aery (branch of maxillary aery) gives Nasopalatine and posterior medial nasal branches. 2. Septal branch of greater palatine aery (branch of maxillary aery). 3. Septal branch of superior labial aery (branch of facial aery). LATERAL WALL Internal carotid System 1. Anterior ethmoidal 2. Posterior ethmoidal External Carotid System Branches of ophthalmic aery 1. Posterior lateral nasal branches 2. Greater palatine aery 3. Nasal branch of anterior superior dental 4. Branches of facial aery To nasal vestibule From sphenopalatine aery From maxillary aery From infraorbital branch of maxillary aery', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | dd05805a-f289-42bd-8377-e0e8fdfcff8b | [{'content': 'Excess of plasma level of lignocaine can cause cardiovascular collapse due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Myocardial depression, B. Vagal stimulation, C. Syncope, D. CN5 excitability', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | e750cd52-447e-4ae7-9948-156375e177bb | [{'content': 'Best noninvasive investigation to check for bility of myocardium is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. FDG-18 PET CT, B. MIBG scintigraphy, C. Echocardiogram, D. Thallium scintigraphy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. FDG-18 PET CT(Ref Harrison 19/e p270 e4, 18/e p1846).Best noninvasive investigation for myocardium bility check = FDG-18 PET CTViable myocardium:Non-contracting ischemic myocardium at rest.Has full potential to recover its function (On self or on revascularization).PET:Gold standard for assessment of myocardium bility.Identifies ischemic or hibernating myocardium in 10-20% of fibrotic or infracted regions.Uses thallium & technetium labeling.Positron-emitting tracer F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) assesses myocardial glucose metabolism - Hence an indicator of myocardial bility.Evaluation methods of myocardial bility:Mainly in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients.Myocardial perfusion imaging (with SPECT or PET) combined with metabolic imaging (i.e., fluorodeoxyglucose I FDGJ PET).Excellent alternative:Thallium-201 SPECT imaging (hospitals lacking PET scanning).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | ebd1b3d6-5161-432c-86a2-532c2ce66765 | [{'content': 'Regarding Japanese encephalitis vaccine, what is not true? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Not given for infants less than 6 months, B. Two primary doses given to children in the one to three year age group, C. Booster doses are given after I year and repeated every 3 years, D. In endemic areas vaccination is given to cover children between one to nine years age group.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. In endemic areas vaccination is given to cover children between one to nine years age group.(Ref Park 24/e p303, p261; Indian Journal of Pediatrics,. Vol. 51, October 15, 2015 p785).Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine:In endemic areas, vaccine is given to cover children between 1-15 years (Not 1 to 9 yrs).2 primary doses 4 weeks apa, booster after 1 year and 3 years until the age of 10-15 years.Booster after 1 year and then repeated every 3 years.Minimum age: According to US-FDA-2 months.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 08b59e2f-a96d-4e2a-b21b-b5292982e74a | [{'content': 'Role of Negative reinforcement: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Makes negative to positive, B. Makes positive to negative, C. Makes negative to more negative, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Negative reinforcer\xa0is withdrawal of thing which increases the frequency of positive behavior. It makes negative to positive.\nNegative reinforcement makes negative to more negative, means if the patient shows tamper tantrum, you send the patient back without treatment, this will be negative reinforcement for him to escape from situation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 1740412a-70a5-4b66-9bc0-dc70e03c4c27 | [{'content': 'All are features of reversible cell injury EXCEPT \nSelect and explain. \nA. ER swelling, B. Dens deposition of mitochondria, C. Bleb, D. Detachment of ribosome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. DENS DEPOSITION OF MITOCHONDRIAThe ultrastructural changes (seen on electron microscopy) are:-Plasma membrane alterations - Blebbing blunting loss of microvilli.Mitochondrial changes - Swelling, small amorphous densities.Dilatation of ER and detachment of ribosomeNuclear alterations', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 348d0bf0-fdef-44b2-be0d-0681139cf03e | [{'content': 'Which\tof the following is\turethane\tdimethacrylate\n(UDMA) resin based endosealer? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endorez, B. Real seal, C. Raeko sealer, D. Tubli seal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 8518813c-bb02-4357-94ba-ef5201c7c983 | [{'content': 'A patient is diagnosed of oral cancer of stage T3N2M0 \nSelect and explain. \nA. Surgery, B. Surgery + radiotherapy, C. Chemotherapy alone, D. Surgery + chemotherapy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Physiology | 64400a13-aab9-46fd-8609-ac725bb8e72e | [{'content': 'GFR is increased by all except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased renal blood flow, B. Efferent aeriole constriction, C. Renal stone in ureter, D. Decreased oncotic pressure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Increased blood flow to glomerular capillaries causes increased capillary hydrostatic pressure causing increased GFR. The efferent aeriole constriction also causes increased capillary hydrostatic pressure causing increased GFR. Plasma colloid oncotic pressure is the force that opposes the filtration; when it is decreased, GFR increased. In case of nephrolithiasis or renal stone, there will be decreased flow of tubular fluid which causes fluid accumulation in Bowman's capsule leading to increased hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule which opposes filtration causing decreased GFR Net filtration pressure = PG -PB - pG PG: glomerular hydrostatic pressure PB: hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule PG: Colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular capillary plasma proteins GFR = KFX net filtration pressure KF = capillary filtration coefficient", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2df7addb-dc8a-4428-8f08-09327d0a7ccc | [{'content': 'Muscle that attaches to zygomatic process of maxilla: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Masseter, B. Buccinator, C. Middle temporal, D. Medial pterygoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bf5ce756-8fbf-432d-aaa2-e8b26afe711b | [{'content': 'Patient complaint of loose immediate dentures today morning, and also told that this happened 2-3 days back also. What could be the possible reason \nSelect and explain. \nA. Patient forgot how to insert the denture, B. Continuous healing of defect, C. Due to shrinkage of resin, D. Due to reduction of diameter of defect', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pathology | f90b63af-1880-4eee-9405-bb1ef156af1e | [{'content': 'All of the following are true about the given instrument except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Can be done in prone or lateral position, B. To find out infiltrative and granulomatous disorders, C. Breath holding not necessary, D. Platelet count of 40000 is a contraindication', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Given instrument is Bone marrow biopsy needle Bone marrow biopsy can be done in prone or lateral position. Most common site is posterior iliac crest. In obese person, preferred site is anterior superior iliac spine In newly born, preferred site is superficial bone i.e. tibia. To find out infiltrative and granulomatous disorders. Breath holding is not necessary in bone marrow biopsy. During biopsy of other organs like liver , breath holding is necessary. During any bleeding disorder, RBC or WBC disorder or hypo activity of bone marrow, bone marrow biopsy is done . Even in severe thrombocytopenia , Bone marrow biopsy is done.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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