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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 5cd996c6-190d-41cf-b6e4-bc1a2846b8e5 | [{'content': 'Absent thumb, radial deviation of wrist, bowing of forearm with thrombocytopenia which investigation need not to be done ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Echocardiography, B. Bone marrow examination, C. Platelet count, D. Karyotyping', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Characteristic features such as absent thumb and thrombocytopenia suggests Fanconis anemia.\nFEATURES OFFANCONISANEMIA\n\nSkin pigment change\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 --> Darkened areas of the skin, cafe-au-lait spots, vitiligo\nUpper limb\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 --> Absent or hypoplastic thumb, absent or hypoplastic radii, dysplastic ulnae, clinodactyly\nGonads\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 —> Abnormal or atrophic testis\nHead and face\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 -p Microcephaly, sprengels deformity, spina bifida\nKidneys\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 —+ Ectopic or pelvic, horseshoe, hypoplastic or dysplastic\nAbnormal eyes/eyelid\nHematological abnormalities\n\nPancytopenia+ thrombocytopenia and neutropenia these are the most common and most serious symptoms of\nFanconis anemia.\n\none marrow failure\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 ---> Its a major complication of Fanconis anemia\nAcute myeloid leukemia ---> Fanconis anemia have elevated risks of developing acute myeloid leukemia.\nMyelodysplastic syndromes —> Increased risk of myelodysplastic syndrome in Fanconis anemia.\n\nCommon tests for Fanconis anemia include : \n\nComplete blood count (CBC) o Bone marrow biopsy\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Chromosomal breakage analysis\nHLA tissue typing\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Hearing test\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Hand X-ray and other imaging studies\nDevelopmental test\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Ultrasound of the kidneys\xa0 \xa0 \xa0\n\xa0Amniocentesis or chorionic vinous crimpling', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 57320c34-592b-45bb-91ff-bc7fc682b88c | [{'content': 'Placenta grade 3, 35+3 weeks pregnancy, and absent end diastolic flow Doppler; next ,management is:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dexamethasone and terminate after 48 hours, B. Terminate after 37 weeks, C. Talk with pediatrician and termination, D. Monitor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: * Absent end diastolic flow : fetal compromise ( hence terminate pregnancy by caesarean section if > 34 weeks)* Reverse end diastolic flow : impending doom of death ( terminate pregnancy irrespective of gestational age)* Steroids are given if pregnancy < 34 weeks', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e3d1251f-5499-4b03-ac33-07f46f9ed0a9 | [{'content': 'In mandibular first molar, extra distal root is known as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Radix paramolaris, B. Radix entomolaris, C. Tomt’s root, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Extra mesial root is known as radix paramolaris', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | be37c099-2519-4ebc-a1ff-54ee572c7efe | [{'content': 'Girdle like elevation on the lingual surface of anteriors is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cingulam, B. Mamelons, C. Incisal edge, D. Incisal ridge', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 01aad4a6-fa51-4a6e-817c-bfb1b4e05caa | [{'content': 'Good clinical practice is observed in all phases of clinical trials, EXCEPT? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Preclinical, B. Phase I, C. Phase II, D. Phase V', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ca18934a-89fc-41b3-ae63-1cfd465fdc87 | [{'content': 'Chroma is; \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intensity of colour, B. Translucency of enamel, C. Translucency of enamel & dentin, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 09b9375c-41ee-4295-ad27-2a11074d4434 | [{'content': 'Angio fibroma is classified as what stage if it extends to one or more paranasal sinuses \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stage I, B. Stage II, C. Stage III, D. Stage IV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Staging of angiofibromaRadkowski Classifications:I ALimited to nose and/or nasopharyngeal vaultBExtension into 1 paranasal sinusIIAMinimal extension through sphenopalatine foramen intosphenopalatine/pterygomaxillary fossaBFills sphenopalatine fossa bowing the posterior wall of themaxillary antrum anteriorly or extending into the orbit theinferior orbital fissure.CExtends beyond sphenopalatine fossa into infratemporal fossaIllAErosion of skull base-minimal intracranial extensionBErosion of skull base-Extensive intracranial extension with orwithout cavernous sinus invasion.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 381d9484-1737-4831-8a98-34664b1c5ab2 | [{'content': 'A lady underwent vaginal hysterectomy for Carci!noma cervix. Following the surgery after her urethral catheter was removed, she complained of urinary in!continence. On examination she had normal voiding as well as continuous incontinence. Methylene blue dye was instilled in her bladder through her urethra and she was given oral Phenazopyridine dye. After some time her pads were checked and it showed yellow staining at the top most pad, while the middle or bottom pads were unstained. She is likely to have: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vesicovaginal fistula, B. Ureterovaginal fistula, C. Urethrovaginal fistula, D. Vesicouterine fistula', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Ureterovaginal fistula(Ref Shaws 16/e p223-224, 15/e p184; William Gynue lst/e p573)Pad showing yellow staining at top poion, but not middle or bottom poions - Likely to have Ureterovaginal fistula.Interpretations of Methylene Blue 3 Swab Test:ObservationInterpretationUpper most swabs soaked with urine but unstained with dye.Clear ureter (unstained).Via fistula a reachs vagina.Uppermost cotton swab will be wet with urine.No discoloration seen - As dye is in bladder & not in ureter.Ureterovaginal fistulaUpper and lower swab remain dry but the middle swab soaked with dyeVesicovaginal fistulaThe upper two swab remain dry but lower one soaked with dyeUrethrovaginal fistula', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 78229bbb-46c9-4a15-9773-055a1d9a168b | [{'content': 'Smallest mesiodistal diameter is seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Deciduous lower central incisor, B. Permanent lower central incisor, C. Deciduous upper lateral incisor, D. Permanent upper lateral incisor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7e16d363-708e-4d43-9c1f-f80035a742ac | [{'content': 'Anchoring fibres of lamina densa contains: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Type 2 collagen., B. Type 4 collagen., C. Type 6 collagen., D. Type 7 collagen.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ec574186-1faf-42e4-bc0c-e77de618eb5a | [{'content': 'Occurrence of malocclusion in given population is best described as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prevalence rate, B. Incidence rate, C. Morbidity, D. Probability', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 3e736802-2e0b-405c-b429-eac535efb755 | [{'content': 'Anti D is required in all cases except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aboion at 63 days, B. Manual removal of placenta, C. Amniocentesis of 16 Weeks, D. Intrauterine transfusion at 28 weeks', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Anti D prophylaxis administered in : Invasive prenatal diagnosis - eg, amniocentesis, chronic villus biopsy Antepaum hemorrhage External cephalic version of the fetus Ectopic pregnancy Evacuation of molar pregnancy Intrauterine death and stillbih Intrauterine procedures (inseion of shunts, embryo reduction) Therapeutic termination of pregnancy Delivery - Normal, instrumental or caesarean section', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | ea496b07-bc2b-4d34-a2ca-5d16c07ad2bc | [{'content': 'CSF leakage is diagnosed by all except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tram Line, B. β 2- transferrin level, C. increase in glucose, D. increase in proteins', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | ecdd79d8-53c3-4d56-ad8f-695b9122d0e4 | [{'content': 'Lead cause following except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Uroporphyrinuria, B. Sideroblastic anemia, C. Basophilic stippling, D. Macrocytic anemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c5056549-6113-4a46-ba07-180748774819 | [{'content': 'Which among the following is used for sharpening of both stainless steel and carbon steel instrument: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Arkansas., B. Silicon carbide., C. Alumina., D. Diamond.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | cf896f14-eda0-4cf0-8ff8-d038501dbdf7 | [{'content': 'The initial pulpal response to any insult is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Necrosis, B. Ulceration, C. Calcification, D. Inflammation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 165c772a-9b32-48fe-b94e-fe949ec9cb9a | [{'content': 'Which of the following is ture about afferent nerve fibers of pulp \nSelect and explain. \nA. Parasympathetic post ganglionic, B. Sympathetic post ganglionic, C. Parasympathetic pre ganglionic, D. Sympathetic preganglionic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 60f690e1-518f-42c4-9ddb-acbf65c1731e | [{'content': 'Calcification in enamel starts at : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Enamel matrix, B. Root, C. CEJ, D. DEJ', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Calcification of enamel proceeds from cusps or incisal edges towards cervical line and from DEJ it proceeds towards surface.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 584f3fe1-af31-4852-9a19-7e41a186d0d4 | [{'content': 'Mc Spadden compactor is of __________ shape: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Reverse blade of K-file, B. Reverse blade of H-file, C. Endosonic instrument, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9c621803-2e70-4cbd-8b4a-729370ae6e3c | [{'content': 'Tubercle of zukerkandle is seen on \nSelect and explain. \nA. MB on upper and lower primary 1st molar, B. MB on upper and lower permanent 1st molar, C. MB on upper Primary 1st molar only, D. MB on lower primary 1st molar only', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 28d48ebe-ccb5-40f2-9e0c-60aed8ea2d2f | [{'content': 'A 25 year old lady on treatment for rheumatoid ahritis has following lab findings: Hb-9gm/dl, MCV- 55fl, serum iron-30microgm/d1, ferritin 200 ng/ml, TIBC- 298 micrograms/dl. What is the most probable diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thalassemia minor, B. Thalassemia major, C. Anemia of chronic disease, D. Iron deficiency anemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer C. Anemia of chronic diseaseE aicular manifestations of Rheumatoid Ahritis:* Subcutaneous nodules * Sjogren's syndrome* Pericarditis, Mitral regurgitation * Pleuritis, Interstitial Lung disease * Vasculitis * Felty's syndrome in the late stages of RA ; most common hematologic abnormality in RA- normochromic normocytic anemia.* Lymphoma", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8a32a7c5-cfb7-4d49-9dfb-876850962cd6 | [{'content': 'All of the following are synthetic sharpening stone except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Silicon carbide, B. Alumina, C. Arkansas, D. Diamond', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Stone type can come in natural or synthetic form:\n\nNatural-Arkansas (preferred)\nSynthetic:\n\t\nIndia stone\nCeramic stone\nComposition stone\nDiamond\nAlumina\nSilicon carbide\n\n\n\nNisha Garg, Amit Garg. Textbook of Operative Dentistry.\xa0 Edition 3. Page:97', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 377255a6-55d3-4204-a2f9-2105ecebb529 | [{'content': 'Least complication in outlet forceps is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Complete perinea! tear, B. Vulval hematoma, C. Extension of episiotomy, D. Cervical tear', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Complication of forceps delivery:', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | aef584e2-f124-4c14-9503-1d435e7bc0ac | [{'content': 'A lady developed breathlessness, pruritus, uicaria 1 hour after eating NSAIDS for headache. Chest examination was remarkable for rales with BP-80/50 mm Hg. All of following can be used for initial management except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Crystalloids infusion, B. Steroids, C. Early respiratory suppo and oxygenation, D. Adrenaline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. SteroidsMild symptoms such as pruritus and uicaria can be controlled by administration of 0.3 to 0.5 mL of l: 1000 (l mg/mL) epinephrine SC or IM.An IV infusion should be initiated to provide a route for administration of 2.5 mL epinephrine, diluted l: 10,000, at 5- to l0-min intervals, volume expanders such as normal saline, and vasopressor agents such as dopamine if intractable hypotension occurs.Oxygen alone a nasal catheter or with nebulized albuterol may be helpful, but either endotracheal intubation or a tracheostomy is mandatory for oxygen delivery if progressive hypoxia develops.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f544aff2-aebb-41fd-97e7-da9dd55cfc23 | [{'content': 'To remove working side interference reduce: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Guiding cusps, B. Supporting cusps, C. Both of the above., D. None.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2020, Subject name: Medicine | 8985b422-02e8-4982-8015-0cae2ac122f1 | [{'content': 'All are used in management of overdosage of Fibrinolytics except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Epsilon amino Caproic Acid, B. Tranexamic Acid, C. DDAVP, D. FFP', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Reversal of Fibrinolytic-Induced Bleeding Minor external bleeding Manual pressure Significant internal bleeding Immediate cessation of fibrinolytic agent, antiplatelet agent, and/or heparin Reversal of heparin with protamine, as discussed earlier Typed and cross-matched blood ordered with verification of activated PTT, CBC, thrombin clotting time, and fibrinogen level Volume replacement with crystalloid and packed red blood cells as needed Major bleeding or hemodynamic compromise All measures listed for significant internal bleeding Fibrinogen concentrate 70 milligrams/kg IV, and recheck fibrinogen level; if fibrinogen level <100 milligrams/dL, repeat fibrinogen concentrate dose. If bleeding persists after fibrinogen concentrate or despite fibrinogen level >100 milligrams/dL, administer FFP 2 units IV. If bleeding continues after FFP, administer an antifibrinolytic such as aminocaproic acid 5 grams IV over 60 min followed by 1 gram/h continuous IV infusion for 8 h or until bleeding stops, or tranexamic acid 10 milligrams/kg IV every 6-8 h. Consider platelet transfusion. Intracranial hemorrhage All measures listed for significant internal and major bleeding with hemodynamic compromise Immediate neurosurgery consultation', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 16e734ad-7969-42f1-8bbe-46cd79dd7bdd | [{'content': 'IQ range 90-109 is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superior., B. Average., C. Low average., D. Borderline.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: IQ Classification guide:', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 3f95d1b3-f038-4875-993a-4e9afde8bd62 | [{'content': 'What is the codon for selenocysteine? \nSelect and explain. \nA. UAG, B. UGA, C. UAA, D. GUA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. UGA(Ref Harper 30/e p18, 286)Selenocysteine:Commonly termed "21st amino acid".Present in biological proteins.Not coded directly in genetic code.Instead encoded by a UGA codon.UGA codon - Normally a stop codon.This mechanism called as|"translational recoding".', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1caf6e69-ee58-47fd-8e04-6f736055365c | [{'content': 'All are true about trauma from occlusion except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trauma to Marginalized gingiva, B. Reversible, C. Reduction in height of alveolar crest, D. No pocket', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 68902ae5-487b-4240-9fc5-fd3d61d764b0 | [{'content': 'All of the following muscles are grouped together as "muscles of mastication" except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Buccinator, B. Masseter, C. Temporalis, D. Pterygoids', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 089ef90e-8366-4a21-8b67-e9c59cb4c5a6 | [{'content': 'Mid palatal split following Le-Fort 1 osteotomy is done by moving the maxilla in which direction? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superior, B. Inferior, C. Antero-posterior, D. Transverse', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4682d46d-f791-48cc-ac4d-b2a73fbb18c4 | [{'content': 'Which of the following gingival retraction cord is used in hypertensive patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plain retraction cord, B. Retraction cord with 2% racemic epinephrine, C. Retraction cord with 8% aluminium chloride, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 12bfacf6-a27e-41dc-85ee-64e1b8955000 | [{'content': 'Two bodies are found outside the car following an accident. The doctor conducting the autopsy was able to decide who was driver based on all of these features except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Whiplash injury, B. Steering wheel imprint, C. Sparrow foot marks, D. Seat belt abrasion over left shoulder', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C.Sparrow foot marks(Ref Reddy 34/e p263, 33/e p281)Sparrow footmarks:* Occur in both driver as well as passengers.* Does not differentiate between driver & passenger.* Multiple punctuate lacerations of lace produced. - Due to shattering of windscreen glass into multiple small cubical fragments with relatively blunt edges. - Hence, also windshield glass injury. Motor Vehicle Injuries:Car (Four-wheeler) Injuries:Whiplash injuryAcute hyperflexion followed by hyperextension of neck due to violent acceleration or deceleration force.Applied to (front seat) passenger (passenger >Driver)Steering wheel impact type injuryOccurs due to sudden stop of car, throwing forward the driverThroat crushed across top of steering wheel or horn ring (Occurs inSeat belt syndromeContusion,laceration,perforation & avulsions of small intestine, omentum, & mesenteryThere may be rupture of abdominal aoa, spleen, liver, pancreas, Hinge fractureSkull base fracture running along the petrous ridges through sella turcica, i.e.Ladder tearsMultiple transverse intimal tears in aoa, adjacent to main rupture.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8e2f6880-49c5-47aa-871e-00ae485e9ca9 | [{'content': 'Tissue conditioners are not used for long as they \nSelect and explain. \nA. Harden in mouth, B. Are expensive, C. Are difficult to fabricate, D. Cause ridge resorption', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Anatomy | e192d2c5-03ce-4e51-a043-89a27a3144ce | [{'content': 'Type I collagen is present in all EXCEPT \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ligament, B. Aponeurosis, C. Bone, D. Cailage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: COLLAGEN TYPE DISTRIBUTION Type 1 Tendons, ligament, fascia, bones, aponeurosis, derives, meninges (90% of total collagen), seen in old scars They form the fibrous basics of bones & fibrocailage Type 2 Hyaline & elastic cailage, vitreous body Type 3 Reticular fibers of skin, ligaments, blood vessels & internal organs, healing Type 4 Basement membrane, lens, capsule PATHOLOGIES: Collagenopathies Type I: Osteogenesis imperfecta Type IV: Alpo syndrome', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b16d89a9-51bf-4317-9363-2f8a6629d68f | [{'content': 'Absorption of fluoride in child takes place mainly in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intestine, B. Lungs, C. Oral cavity, D. Gingiva', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Biochemistry | a2af6946-d041-4695-aab9-c1944c575b44 | [{'content': 'In CRISPR-Cas 9 system, which repair mechanism is used for genome editing? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Non homologous end repair, B. Homologous repair, C. Mismatch repair, D. Nucleotide excision repair', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: * CRISPR-Cas-9 endonuclease system introduces double stranded breaks in DNA at the specific target site. Now cell tries to repair this double stranded breaks by two mechanism: 1. Non-homologous end repair 2. Homologous repair * Non-homologous repair mechanism is always a possibility as it does not require homologous DNA. * The homologous repair will only work if the DNA homologous to the cut DNA is present but homologous DNA is not always present or available. So, if both options are given, best option is Non-homologous repair.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 674233e6-009a-41ce-b61d-c9a344dce090 | [{'content': "Mucocutaneous circumoral pigmentation is found in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, B. Plummer-Vinson syndrome, C. Lead poisoning, D. Bechet's syndrome", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | 7ee6d817-eee3-42ad-8d49-7237f375f6f3 | [{'content': 'Biomarker of alcoholic hepatitis: \nSelect and explain. \nA. ALP, B. AST, C. LDH, D. GGT', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Markers for alcoholism: y-Glutamyl transpeptidase / transferase (GGT) : It has EC number 2. This enzyme is present in liver. When damage occurs to liver cells this enzyme comes to blood. lt is a sensitive diagnostic marker for the detection of alcoholism. GGT is also increased in infective hepatitis and obstructive jaundice. CDT -carbohydrate deficient transferrin (transferrin is a protein which is responsible for the transpo of Iron.) This is a glycoprotein CDT is also the marker for alcoholism.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | abe0e99f-b2fe-4547-b2f7-58817eaea403 | [{'content': "A 9 year old child's mother comes to dental clinic with the complaint of oral ulceration, fever and shedding of skin of palms and soles; she is giving history of premature shedding of teeth and increased sweating, she is also giving one month history of using any new teething gel available in market. The child is suffering from. \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acrodynia, B. Pemphigus vulgaris, C. Epidermolysis Bullosa, D. Erosive lichen planus", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5115d601-c567-4a71-a53a-e4a7facd703b | [{'content': 'The diameter of the tip of a periodontal probe is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 0.25 mm, B. 0.75 mm, C. 0.5 mm, D. 1 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | b0db4fac-bf20-4a54-8efa-0ff926e03a9b | [{'content': 'Polyglycolic acid suture material ("vicryl/Dexon") is an: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Absorbable natural suture, B. Absorbable synthetic suture, C. Non-absorbable natural suture, D. Non absorbable synthetic suture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Medicine | 4b68c9e2-67fe-44e0-a9aa-002f5787f453 | [{'content': 'All are true about instrument given except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Platelets <40,000 cu/mm is contraindication, B. Can be done in both prone or lateral position, C. Infiltrative and granulomatous diseases are indications, D. No breath holding needed', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: It is an image of bone marrow biopsy needle. Thrombocytopenia is not a contraindication for BM biopsy. BM biopsy can be done in PSIS/ Iliac crest It is done for infiltrative and granulomatous diseases & myeloproliferative diseases of bone marrow. Breath holding is needed for liver disease.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | aedc1587-ff44-45d7-ac9c-abf3f90c6a1a | [{'content': "All are characteristic features of superior semicircular canal dehiscence except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Third window phenomenon, B. SNHL, C. Tullio's phenomenon, D. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential is useful investigation.", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. B. SNHLsymptoms of SSDC include* Tullio phenomenon - identifiable symptoms leading to a positive SCD diagnosis is sound-induced loss of balance. Patients showing this symptom may experience a loss of equilibrium, a feeling of motion sickness or even actual nausea, triggered by normal everyday sounds.* Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP): In SSCD, loud tones evoke a sho-latency relaxation potential in the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Patients with SSCD typically have a lower-than-normal threshold for the VEMP response, and the amplitude of the VEMP waveform in an SSCD ear is greater for comparable stimulus intensities than in an ear without dehiscence. The VEMP test plays an impoant role in the evaluation of patients with suspected SSCD* Low-frequency conductive hearing loss is present in many patients with SCDS and is explained by the dehiscence acting as a "third window phenomenon"', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 48979fea-5d39-4c8f-ae13-8dc9421c2288 | [{'content': "RBC should be transfused: \nSelect and explain. \nA. With a 18-20 G needle within 4 hours of receiving at the patient's side, B. With a 18-20 G needle within 4 hours of receiving at the patient's side, C. With a 20-22 G needle within 4 hours of issue from the blood bank, D. With a 20-22 G needle within 4 hours of receiving at the patient's side", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C(Ref: WHO Clinical Transfusion Guidelines/p22).RBCs should he transfused with 18-20 G needle within 4 hours of issue from the blood bank.Sta infusion within 30 min of removing pack from refrigerator and complete the infusion within 4 hours.An 18-gauge needle is standard, but a needle or catheter as small as 23-gauge can be used for transfusion if necessary within 4 hours of issue from the blood bank.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5c659945-dd4a-4dbb-ac72-ef8136de66d9 | [{'content': 'Step back technique is consist of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 phases., B. 3 phases., C. 4 phases., D. None.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: step back technique has 2 phases.\nPhase 1 is apical preparation phase.\nPhase 2 stepping back phase.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 47ef5a0a-7625-49dd-bda3-819f6df9799e | [{'content': 'All of the following structures lie in the relation to the left ureter except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mesentery of sigmoid colon, B. Bifurcation of common iliac aery, C. Quadratus lumborum, D. Gonadal vessels', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Quadratus lumborum(Ref Grays 41/e p1251, 40/e p1239)Left ureter is related posteriorly to psoas major muscle (not quadratus lumborum).Relations of Right UreterAnterior:Duodenum,Terminal pa of the ileum,Right colic vessels,Iliocolic vessels,Right testicular or ovarian vessels, and theRoot of the mesentery.Posterior:Right psoas muscle,Bifurcation of the right common iliac aeryRelations of Left UreterAnterior:Sigmoid colon,Sigmoid mesocolon,Left colic vessels,Left testicular or ovarian vesselsPosterior:Left psoas muscle,Bifurcation of left common iliac aery', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b37ee2ff-4b68-4933-8c63-f8781eb55cde | [{'content': 'The odontoblastic layer histologically \nSelect and explain. \nA. Appears 3-5 layer thick., B. Is single layer outlining pulp, C. Is psuedostratified palisade layer, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Pharmacology | fb8c4e20-6d34-461e-8e14-45fcd8c662e4 | [{'content': 'Treatment of choice for a patient with gonococcal as well as non-gonococcal urethritis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM single dose, B. Cefixime 400 mg oral single dose, C. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg oral single dose, D. Azithromycin 2 g oral single dose', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ceftriaxone is DOC for gonococci but is not effective against non gonococcal cause of urethritis like mycoplasma and chlamydia. Azithromycin single dose of 2 g is used for both gonococcal and non gonococcal urethritis. In non gonococcal urethritis, doxycycline can also be used.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 1c6cc29a-27a8-4d86-bd43-ac0c03533088 | [{'content': 'In OKC which is more aggressive and has more recurrence potential \nSelect and explain. \nA. Orthokeratinized, B. Parakeratinized, C. Non keratinized, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: 60% OKCs have Primordial origin (Dental lamina/cell rests of Serees). these are called primordial origin OKCs. They are Parakeratinized with thin friable lining and daughter/satellite cysts in their CT wall, hence great tendency to recur (1. multiplicative nature of primordial cells, thin lining that tears, 3. satellite cysts). rest of the 40% OKCs are Dentigerous origin OKCs (arise from Reduced enamel epithelium like dentigeous cysts). Since the proliferative potential of REE is lost, they dont have tendency to recur when their Orthokeratinized epithelial lining is left behind.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d79a6a3c-0b37-4f9f-aeb9-483298fdb4e2 | [{'content': 'In anteriors labial surface is formed from \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 lobe, B. 2 lobes, C. 3 lobes, D. 4 lobes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Pediatrics | fa73f211-d8c8-4926-910b-d8a1f5444208 | [{'content': '4 day old breastfed neonate, otherwise well, term neonate presented with jaundice, on testing the bilirubin level was found to be 18 mg/dl. Which of the following is the best step of management? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sta phototherapy and continue breast feeding, B. Sta iv fluids and given phototherapy, C. Initiate exchange transfusion, D. Stop breast feeding and do phototherapy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Use total bilirubin. Do not subtract direct reacting or conjugated bilirubin. Risk factors = isoimmune hemolytic disease, G6PD deficiency, asphyxia, significant lethargy, Temperature instability, sepsis, acidosis, or albumin <3.0 g/d (if measured) For well infants 35-47 6/7 wk can adjust TSB levels for intervention around the medium risk line. It is an option to intervene at lower TSB levels for infatns closer to 35 weeks and at higher TSB levels for those closer to 37 6/7 wk. It is an option to provide conventional phototherapy in hospital or at home at TSB levels 2-3 mg/dL (35 - 50 mmol/L) below those shown but home phototherapy should not be used in any infant with risk factors. Cut off for phototherapy in 4-day old neonate is 19-20 mg/dl The dashed lines for the first 24 hours indicate unceainly due to a wide range of clinical circumstances and a range of responses to phototherapy. Immediate exchange transfusion is recommended if infant shows signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (hypeonia, arching, retrocollis, opisthotonos, fever, high pitched cry) or IF TSB is > 5 mg/dL (85mmol/L) abvoe these lines. Risk factors - isoimmune hemolytic disease, GPD deficiency, asphyxia, significant lethargy, temperature instability, sepsis, acidosis. Measure serum albumin and calculate B/A ratio (see legend) Use total bilirubin. Do not subtract direct reacting or conjugated bilirubin. It infant is well and 36-37 6/7 wk (median risk) can individualize TSB levels for exchange based on actual gestational age. Cut off for exchange transfusion in 4-day old neonate is 25mg/dl For otherwise well term neonate- Age Phototherapy cut off Exchange transfusion cut off 24 to 48 hrs. >15 mg/dl >20 mg/dl 48 to 72 hrs. >18 mg/dl >25mg/dl >72 hrs. >20mg/dl >25mg/dl', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 60a30040-3784-41dc-b81d-be50cde12679 | [{'content': 'After planning an implant in lower molar region, patient complains of inability to chew by other teeth on same side. What should be your first step in treating this patient \nSelect and explain. \nA. Reduce the centric fossa, B. Reduce the supporting cusp, C. Check the occlusion in centric, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: It’s a universal rule:\xa0To remove any occlusal prematurity, 1st step is to check the occlusion in centric.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | ef1fe490-ef5b-40a4-8aae-062d5976bd90 | [{'content': 'In a group of 100 people, the average GFR is 85 ml/ min with a standard detion of 25. What is the range for 90% confidence interval? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 81-89, B. 80-90, C. 75-95, D. 70-100', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. 81-89(Ref: Park 24/e p888, 22/e p793; Essentials of Biostatistics 2/e pI70)Range for 90% confidence interval in the given question is 81-89.Confidence intervals:Lower limit & upper limit estimates for statistic given by:Lower Limit: statistic - C x SE (statistic)Upper Limit: statistic + C x SE.Confidence coefficient:C = Confidence coefficient = 1.65 for 90% confidence intervalC= 1.96 for 95% confidence intervalC= 2.58 for 99% confidence intervalC = 3.29 for 99.9% confidence intervalNow for 90% confidence interval:Upper limit = 85 + (1.65 x 2.5) = 85 + 4 = 89.Lower limit = 85 + (1.65 x 2.5) = 85 - 4 = 81.Hence, for 90% confidence interval will 81-89.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 62b2a82d-7ad9-4417-8319-645c25d0e5a3 | [{'content': 'All of the following are true about polymerization shrinkage of composite resin except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. The more surface area of bonded structure causes LESS shrinkage compare to surface area of unbounded structure restoration., B. Class-V composite restoration causes. Contraction more than gold restoration, C. Etching and priming reduces shrinkages, D. One third (1/3rd) of the enamel involves causes more shrinkage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6acf9133-6794-4817-b582-d94913c3533b | [{'content': 'Chi-square test is used to measure the degree of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Causal relationships between exposure and effect, B. Association between two variables, C. Correlation between two variables, D. Agreement between two observations', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 78396a0e-60b7-4aa4-9586-8d38825f08ab | [{'content': 'Cytopathic effect is shown by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Virus, B. Bacteria, C. Spirochete, D. Anaerobe', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 93645af3-21d4-4a69-bd63-b181635715f4 | [{'content': 'The cause of bone destruction in juvenile periodontitis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phagocytosis are reduced, B. Reduced neutrophilic chemotaxis, C. Decreased host resistance, D. Highly virulent microorganisms', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 905c3610-47d5-47a7-ab42-624fc0040065 | [{'content': 'Infective endocarditis due to pseudomonas is most commonly seen with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intravenous drug abuse of pentazocin., B. HIV patient., C. Chronic steroid therapy., D. Elderly with community acquired pneumonia.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9cce1fbe-7ebe-41f3-8c98-1204c6cf99b9 | [{'content': 'Alginate fillers derived from \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calcium sulphate, B. Sodium phosphate, C. Potassium alginate, D. Diatomaceous earth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 50f76810-3187-472e-b094-3a65749eb76f | [{'content': 'Given instrument is known as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Perry separator, B. Ferrier double bow separator, C. Elliot separator, D. Wood ward separator', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b6833505-da89-49aa-91a8-5fd27d7333fe | [{'content': "Garre's osteomyelitis all statements are true except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Common in children and young, B. Occurs due to staphylococcus aureus, C. Moth eaten appearance in radiography, D. Prevalent in immune-competent patients", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | ebc97f5c-aba4-4d9b-9051-b6177ee1a94d | [{'content': 'Best index to measure cardiac afterload is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mean aerial pressure, B. LV end diastolic pressure, C. LV mean systolic pressure, D. Total peripheral resistance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Total peripheral resistance(Ref: Ganong 25Ie p544, 24/e p546)Cardiac output depends on both preload & afterload.The preload is defined by the venous return & left ventricular end-diastolic volume while the afterload is defined by the mean aerial pressure, which then fither depends on total peripheral resistance.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0f037b6e-1a78-40b6-9eed-fbd59fe36618 | [{'content': 'Apical migration of the epithelial attachment with corresponding recession of the marginal gingiva results in? \nSelect and explain. \nA. A shallow sulcus, B. Gingival pocket formation, C. Infrabony pocket formation, D. Periodontal pocket formation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 74c96399-8699-43ba-b5ae-c8e309721ee5 | [{'content': 'Which of the following may be a feature of acromegaty? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Large tongue, B. Micrognathia, C. Hypoglycemia, D. Crowded teeth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology | 71f6de26-288f-4f52-8d52-acebacb7e001 | [{'content': 'Immunofluorescence staining pattern from a kidney biopsy from a 35-year-old patient presenting with proteinuria has been shown below. What is the most probable cause? \nSelect and explain. \nA. FSGS, B. PSGN, C. Lupus Nephritis, D. Goodpasture syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: FSGS- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is associated with focal involvement of kidneys and deposition of IgM,C3 ,C1q PSGN- It is an immunocomplex disease and granular pattern is observed on immunofluorescence. There is deposition of C3,C1q and IgG in granular pattern Goodpasture syndrome- Auto antibodies against basement membrane ,linear pattern on immunofluorescence Lupus Nephritis- seen in SLE.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 0a905295-9f26-4b46-827f-1bbe23678338 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the most common symptom of aooiliac occlusive disease? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calf claudication, B. Gluteal claudication, C. Impotence, D. Symptomless', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Gluteal claudication(Ref Bailey 27/e p943-944, 261e 037, 879, 25/e p901; Sabiston 20/e p1739; Schwaz 10/e p874; Harrison 19/c p1643)Most common symptom of aooiliac disease = Gluteal claudication.Site of claudication:Distal to location of occlusive lesion.Eg: Buttock, hip, thigh & calf discomfo occurs in patients with aooiliac disease.Calf claudication develops in patients with femoral!popliteal disease.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | da87ee9b-12fc-4091-809b-0c2bb31a6307 | [{'content': 'In mechanical trituration of amalgam, what is adversely affected ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hardness of filling, B. Tarnish resistance, C. Working time, D. Final gloss of the filling', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 83c13124-708b-4671-bdf6-bdc2c9904ac7 | [{'content': 'Prions true is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Readily inactivated by autoclave at 121oC, B. Evokes strong immunogenic reaction, C. Have short incubation periods, D. Contains DNA/RNA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Prions are infectious particles, which can transmit disease.\nThese prions are composed of chiefly a protein without any detectable nucleic acid.\xa0This is a new name widely accepted for the old name slow viruses. The term prion was coined by Prusiner for proteinaceous infectious particles.\xa0\nUnlike conventional viruses, the prions apparently have no virion structure or genomes and evoke no immune response in the infected host. These are extremely resistant to inactivation by heat, disinfectants, and radiation.\nThe prions are causative agents of slow viral infections, such as subacute spongiform encephalopathy. After long incubation period of years, they produce a progressive disease that causes damage to the central nervous system, leading to subacute spongiform encephalopathy.\xa0\nThey are readily inactivated by autoclave at 121oC and resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants.\n\nParija SC. Textbook of Microbiology & Immunology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. Page:438-39', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 697158e5-3b79-4109-b172-66de3346e898 | [{'content': 'Millennium development goal was adopted in which year? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1977, B. 2000, C. 1984, D. 2004', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 692ce83c-b247-4dea-9585-165f1fefa702 | [{'content': 'Direction of placement of retentive pin holes should be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Perpendicular to external tooth surface, B. Parallel to external tooth surface, C. Parallel to other pins, D. Never beneath cusps to be restored', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 0f4d203d-b57b-4936-ba32-f0a888af72a9 | [{'content': 'Which of the following produces osteoblastic secondaries \nSelect and explain. \nA. Carcinoma Lung, B. Carcinoma breast, C. Carcinoma urinary bladder, D. Carcinoma prostate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | e448b7f6-af8c-4683-8b76-ec282a126797 | [{'content': "A 10–month old baby previously normal, suddenly becomes distressed in his crib. The external appearance of genitalia was normal, except hyperpigmentation. lood glucose showed a level of 30 mg%. What is the most probable diagnosis ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 21 hydroxylase deficiency, B. Hyperinsulinism, C. Familial glucocorticoid deficiency, D. Cushing's syndrome", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Familial glucocorticoid deficiency :\n\nFamilial glucocorticoid deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition.\nIt is characterized by adrenal insufficiency.\nThe pathological examination of the adrenal gland reveals that :-\n\n\nZona glomerulosa\xa0---> well preserved.\nZona fasciculata --->\xa0atrophied.\nZona reticularis\xa0\xa0---> atrophied.\n\n\nThis causes low cortisol concentration because the zona fasciculata is primarily responsible for glucocorticoid production.\nBecause the zona glomerulosa is well preserved mineralocorticoid action is usually unaffected.\nLow circulating serum cortisol results in lack of feedback inhibition to the hypothalamus which results\xa0in increased ACTH secretion from pituitary.\n\nClinical features :\n\nPatients with familial glucocorticoid deficiency generally presents with signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency with the important distinction that mineralocorticoid production is always normal.\nThe most common initial presenting sign is deep hyperpigmentation of the skin, mucous membrane or both as a result of the action of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) on cutaneous melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) receptors.\nThe symptoms are compatible with glucocorticoid deficiency. Many patients presents with recurrent hypoglycemia or severe infections.\nIn the neonatal period, frequent presenting signs include - feeding problems, failure to thrive, regurgitation and hypoglycemia manifesting as seizures.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | e3bdd685-6159-4e8e-b379-1f3151942411 | [{'content': 'The largest commissure of the brain: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Commissure of Ganser, B. Commissure of Gudden, C. Corpus callosum, D. Both (A) & (C)', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The corpus callosum is the largest commissure of the brain. It connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Since it is the neopallial commissure, it attains enormous size in man (10 cm long).\nParts of brain connected \nThe corpus callosum connects all parts of the cerebral cortex of the two sides, except the lower and anterior parts of the temporal lobes which are connected by the anterior commissure.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 36d24064-1c75-4653-b660-a5fe2379c9b7 | [{'content': 'A 32 weeks pregnant diabetic female with NST non reactive. What should be done next? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Induction of labour, B. CS, C. Do NST after 1hr, D. Proceed to biophysical profile', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Non Stress Test', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 5bca2ed8-85d7-4ec5-8c3a-96ce2c3ca045 | [{'content': 'Renal agenesis is associated with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hydramnios, B. Anencephaly, C. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula, D. Oligohydramnios', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Fetal urine is the main contributor of Amniotic fluid beyond 20 weeks therefore. In case of Renal agenesis → decrease/no urine → oligohydramnios.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Psychiatry | 8729556c-a513-42d6-abc1-ed7f6c9ca397 | [{'content': 'A man comes with history of abnormal excessive blinking and grunting. He says he has no control over his symptoms, which have risen in frequency of late. This has staed affecting his social life making him depressed. Which of the following medications should be used in him? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Risperidone, B. Imipramine, C. Carbamazepine, D. Methylphenidate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Risperidone(Ref Kaplan and Sadock 11/e p1091; Niraj Ahuja 7/e p168).* This case suggests motor & vocal tics associated with Tourette's disorder.Treatment:* Pharmacotherapy - treatment of choice - Antipsychotics (haloperidol & resperidone). - DOC - Haloperidol.Other useful drugs:* Resperidone, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole.* SSRIs - Fluoxetine for co-morbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms.* Methylphenidate & Imipramine - Used in ADHD child.* Adjunct - Behavior therapy.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | eea47061-62d2-40bd-a772-8b8d8dfb431d | [{'content': 'Pick the right answer when 2 screening tests are done in series: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased sensitivity and decreased specificity, B. Increased specificity and decreased sensitivity, C. Increased sensitivity and increased specificity, D. Decreased sensitivity and decreased specificity', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Increased specificity and decreased sensitivitySensitivity: Ability of a screening test to identify correctly all those who have the disease (Cases).Specificity: Ability of a screening test to identify correctly all those who don't have the disease (healthy).Positive predictive value (PPV): Ability of a screening test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, out of all those who test positive on a screening test.Negative predictive value (NPV): Ability of a screening test to identify correctly all those who don't have the disease, out of all those who test negative on a screening test.Screening tests used in the series: where the result of the first test determines whether to run the second test or not.Screening tests used in parallel: where the second test is independently performed regardless of what the first test result is. And, both are done at the same time.If multiple tests are applied in series, the specificity & PPV will increase, the sensitivity & NPV will decrease.If multiple tests are applied in Parallel, the sensitivity & NPV will increase, the specificity & PPV will decrease.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b9430ce6-2167-41f1-86a6-5d8c3e143d86 | [{'content': 'Scaphocephaly is caused by premature fusion of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Corona] suture, B. Sagittal suture, C. Metopic suture, D. Lambdoid suture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pediatrics | fea90807-a035-4903-b7ab-078ba7cd2023 | [{'content': 'Complete the missing step in the flow cha shown below: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intubate, spO2, ECG monitor, B. CPAP and ECG monitor, C. PPV, spO2 and ECG monitor, D. spO2 and ECG monitor only', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: PPV, spO2 and ECG monitor', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 415631ce-90ea-4872-a5cf-3fe2c83e3b4d | [{'content': 'A patient comes to your clinic with a complaint of multiple episodes of loose watery stool for 3 days. On probing, you discover that these episodes sta after he had ingested shellfish at a local restaurant 3 days back and other people who had food from that restaurant had similar symptoms. What is the most common cause of viral diarrhoea in adults? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calicivirus, B. Rotavirus, C. Adenovirus, D. Norovirus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. NorovirusRef Harrison 19/e p1285, 1286; Jawetz 27/e p537History of multiple episodes of loose watery stool for 3 days & history of ingestion shellfish with similar symptoms in other patients who consumed the shellfish is suggestive of acute viral gastroenteritis.Most likely organism responsible - Norovirus.Noroviruses:Most common infectious agents of mild gastroenteritis in the community and affect all age groups, whereas sapoviruses primarily cause gastroenteritis in children.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 059b7c1c-bc8d-499d-ba18-42f173fc6501 | [{'content': 'In a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever, which of the following is most impoant to monitor? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hemoglobin, B. TLC, C. Platelet count, D. Hematocrit', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Hematocrit(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1319, 1322)In a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), hematocrit is most impoant parameter to monitor. Diagnosis of DHF needs the presence of rise in hematocrit 420% or more i.e. Hemoconcentration.Despite the name, the critical feature that distinguishes DHF from dengue fever is not hemorrhaging, but rather plasma leakage resulting from increased vascular permeability', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Anatomy | c33df06b-8aff-47ea-ae1a-0109cfceec53 | [{'content': 'TRUE statement regarding nerve supply of adrenal gland \nSelect and explain. \nA. Preganglionic fibres from lower thoracic & upper lumbar spinal segments sympathetic chain, B. Adrenal coex has no nerve supply, C. Adrenal medulla has no nerve supply, D. Release of catecholamines is not affected by nerve supply', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Preganglionic fibers from L thoracic & upper lumbar segment sympathetic. The suprarenal gland has a rich supply of nerves - myelinated preganglionic sympathetic fibers (thoracolumbar). the chromaffin cells in it are considered homologous to post ganglionic sympathetic fibers. Adrenal coex also receives some sympathetic innervation, controlling the release of coisol etc. (besides being under hormonal control) * Thoracolumbar sympathetic neurons arise from the intermedio - lateral horn cells of the spinal cord * These preganglionic nerves bypass 2 ganglion chains - the preveebral & paraveebral ganglionic chains', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 391dbda5-df38-4a5f-8e4c-f6db24bc164a | [{'content': 'Maximum contribution to the refractive power of the eye is by which pa of the eye? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anterior surface of cornea, B. Posterior surface of cornea, C. Anterior surface of lens, D. Posterior surface of lens', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Anterior surface of cornea Maximum contribution to refractive power of eye - By anterior surface of cornea.Cornea's anterior surface is approximately spherical with a radius of curvature that is typically 8 mm.This surface is responsible for about two-thirds of the eye's refractive power.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ea94ff5d-e9d2-4ee0-b761-a372ddae0227 | [{'content': 'If the interocclusal distance is increased beyond physiologic limits, the patients chief complaint may result from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. A muscular imbalance, B. An occlusal disharmony in centric, C. A displacement of the mandibular denture, D. A displacement of the maxillary denture while yawning', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | c196913e-1147-43ad-a9f5-69199b85b03e | [{'content': 'The best radiograph to obtain a view of maxillary sinus is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lateral oblique maxilla, B. Submentovertex, C. Waters view, D. Lateral skull', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | ab7c6caa-9d2f-4f10-8379-39906aff6017 | [{'content': 'When would you do trans-vaginal sonography in post-menopausal bleeding if endometrial thickness is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 5mm, B. 7mm, C. 4mm, D. 9mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. 5mmRef: RCOG guidelines 2012', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0be1a1ff-99b1-4ebf-a544-fed28e70f77a | [{'content': 'Fracture of gold restoration primarily depends on \nSelect and explain. \nA. Restoration design, B. Type of alloy, C. Noble metal & base metal ratio, D. All of above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 97ea4638-c71a-428b-b839-7638bdd467ab | [{'content': "Manufaeturer of a drug company labels that the drug contains 500 mg of paracetamol. On analysis' if was found to contain only 200 mg of drug. Which type of drug it is known as? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Counterfeit drug, B. Adulterant drug, C. Spurious drug, D. Unethical drug", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Counterfeit drugRef: and hxp://www.globalforumljdorg/sites/default/files/docs/tibrary/lllflO-Evolution%20of/o20Definitions%20Definition.pdfand to the US FDA Counterfeit medicine is fake medicine.It may be contaminated or contain the wrong or no active ingredient.They could have the right active ingredient but at the wrong dose.Counterfeit drugs are illegal and may be harmful to your health.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 39c3bcbb-31e3-492b-86c0-0a217e856f43 | [{'content': 'A neonate presents with jaundice and clay coloured stools. Liver biopsy shows giant cells diagnosis is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neonatal hepatitis with physiological jaundice, B. Neonatal hepatitis with extrahepatic biliary atresia, C. Physiological jaundice, D. Physiological jaundice with extrahepatic biliary atresia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Jaundice with clay coloured stools suggests cholestasis.\nBoth neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia cause cholestasis jaundice.\n"Giant cells" are characteristics of both neonatal hepatitis and Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia.\nTherefore the answer is Neonatal hepatitis with extrahepatic Biliary Atresia.\nIdiopathic neonatal hepatitis\nIt is also referred to as giant cell hepatitis.\nThis type of cholestatic jaundice of unknown cause presents with features of cholestasis and a typical liver biopsy appearance.\nIt is characterized by -\n\ni) Obstructive jaundice (cholestasis) ii) Giant cell transformation in liver\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 Ili) Patent bile ducts\n\nPresenting features are suggestive of intrahepatic cholestasis -\n\n\nAcholic stools\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Emesis\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o IUGR\n\n\nPoor feeding\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Prematurity\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Poor growth', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 6bd89605-daf0-43d9-bcfc-7f44847433a6 | [{'content': "'Potts puffy' tumour is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. A malignant tumour, B. An extradural abscess, C. A tumour or pituitary gland, D. An adrenal gland tumour", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | f85341d3-576d-4ce4-b207-37e3c08e7e6a | [{'content': 'Event of early acquisition of malignant phenotype of epithelium is an expression of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cyclin a, B. Cyclin b, C. Cyclin c, D. Cyclin d', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Conclusion of this study was Deregulation of the p16/ pRb/cyclin DI pathway is an early event in acquisition of dysplasia, but deregulation of both pRb and p53 pathway is associated with malignant transformation and adverse prognosis in oral tumorigenesis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8de6d7b3-c5f9-4c22-b93e-41cf119212f1 | [{'content': 'In constructing a fixed partial denture for a patient, the\ndentist will use a hygienic pontic. Which of the following\nwill primarily determine the faciolingual dimension of\nthe occlusal portion of this pontic? \nSelect and explain. \nA. The length of the pontic, B. The masticatory, force of the patient, C. The position of the opposing contact areas, D. The width and crestaL position of the edentulous ridge', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | a1ab9a3e-f95b-4f09-9da7-e01bcd2a7e10 | [{'content': 'All of the following are diarthroses type of joint except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plane, B. Symphyses., C. Condyloid., D. Saddle.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | d05667f6-6469-49d1-b8c5-0cacd49cc623 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is premalignant - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Chronic glossitis, B. Submucous fibrosis, C. Hypertrophic glossitis, D. Aphthous stomatitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Lesions and conditions of the oral mucosa associated with an increased risk of malignancy.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0925dd1a-ccd7-4cc2-acf9-2f679313314c | [{'content': 'In treating a tooth with a nonvital pulp and a sinus, the\nsinus should be treated as follows: \nSelect and explain. \nA. No special treatment, B. Cauterisation, C. Curettage of sinus, D. Use of cautery to eliminate the sinus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | f6629c78-7a28-4abb-a0ff-98789fbe04da | [{'content': 'What is the rise of blood flow if the radius of blood vessels is increased by 50%? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 5 times, B. 10 times, C. 20 times, D. 100 times', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. 5 times. Poiseuille\'s law:* Also referred as "Hagen-Poiseuille law".* Poiseuille\'s equation states, - Q = P1 - P2 * { (P r4) / (8 e L)} - Q - Flow rate - (P1 - P2) - Pressure difference across vessel (provided P1 > P2). - e - Blood viscosity. - r - Radius. - L - Tube length.* If parameter values remain constant, - Blood flow is directly propoional to 4th power of radius.* Resistance of vessel to blood flow can be calculated by combining Ohm\'s law with Poiseuille\'s equation. - By substituting values of Q from Poiseuille\'s law in Ohm\'s law. - Implying, resistance is mainly affected by, 1. Blood vessel radius, 2. Vasodilatation/vasoconstriction.* Thus ultimately, if parameter values remain constant, - Resistance to blood flow is inversely propoional to the 4th power of radius.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f36fdc01-6a54-4fef-967b-d3ba892bb02a | [{'content': 'Pain and sensitivity in a tooth with onlay after 4 months is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Supra occlusion, B. Gingivitis, C. Infra occlusion, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 7d55430d-00fd-4232-991d-49bb5752f05e | [{'content': 'Which cell releases vasoactive amine so as to increase vascular permeability? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Leukocyte, B. Macrophage, C. Mast cell, D. Fibroblast', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 929e25da-3a7d-4530-95e2-7b3b8e95685d | [{'content': 'The only tissue - borne functional appliance is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Activator, B. Bionator, C. Twin block, D. Frankel', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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