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github_open_source_100_1_543 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /**
* Copyright(C) 2009-2012
* @author Jing HUANG
* @file GLTexture.h
* @brief
* @date 1/2/2011
*/
#pragma once
#include "glhead.h"
#include <string>
#include "geometry/Texture.h"
namespace Etoile
{
class GLTexture : public Texture
{
public:
GLTexture();
GLTexture(GLuint id);
GLTexture(GLTexture& t): Texture(t)
{
m_id = t.m_id;
m_internalFormat = t.m_internalFormat;
}
void set(GLTexture& t)
{
Texture::set(t);
m_id = t.m_id;
m_internalFormat = t.m_internalFormat;
}
virtual ~GLTexture() ;
virtual void release() override;
void setId(GLuint id)
{
release();
m_id = id;
}
GLuint getId() const { return m_id; }
bool usingMipmap() const{ return m_mipmaped;}
virtual bool create(int iWidth, int iHeight,int _iLayer, GLenum internalFormat = GL_RGBA16F_ARB, GLenum pixeldataformat = GL_RGBA, GLenum type = GL_FLOAT, float* data = 0, bool bCreateMipMap = false) = 0;
virtual void setGLTextureParameter(GLenum pname, GLfloat param) = 0;
virtual void use() const = 0;
virtual void unUse() const = 0;
virtual void generateMipmap() const = 0;
virtual void read(float* data) = 0;
virtual void write(int x, int y, int width, int height, float* data) = 0;
virtual void write(int size, float* data) = 0;
static int getPixelDataFormat(const GLenum internalFormat);
static GLenum getInternalFormat(const std::string& internalFormat);
virtual void draw(int w, int h) override;
virtual void draw() override;
protected:
virtual void setGLTextureParameter(GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat param);
GLuint m_id;
GLenum m_internalFormat;
};
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_544 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #!/usr/bin/env python
import sys, pprint, os, os.path, shutil
srcfile = sys.argv[1]
srcdir = os.path.dirname(srcfile)
dstdir = sys.argv[2]
realpath = os.path.realpath(srcfile)
print("%s => %s" % (srcfile, dstdir))
print("realpath: %s" % realpath)
linkedfiles = []
for f in os.listdir(srcdir):
real = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(srcdir, f))
if real == realpath:
linkedfiles += [f]
linkedfiles.sort()
firstone = linkedfiles.pop()
dst_realfile = os.path.join(dstdir, firstone)
if not os.path.exists(dstdir):
os.makedirs(dstdir)
print("cp %s %s" % (realpath, dst_realfile))
if os.path.exists(dst_realfile):
os.unlink(dst_realfile)
shutil.copy2(realpath, dst_realfile)
for f in linkedfiles:
to_create = os.path.join(dstdir, f)
print("symlink %s %s" % (firstone, to_create))
if os.path.exists(to_create):
os.unlink(to_create)
os.symlink(firstone, to_create)
|
US-21983402-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | G-protein coupled receptor polynucleotides and methods of use thereof
ABSTRACT
The present invention describes human G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their encoding polynucleotides. Also described are expression vectors, host cells, antisense molecules, and antibodies associated with the GPCR polynucleotides and/or polypeptides of this invention. In addition, methods for treating, diagnosing, preventing, and screening for disorders or diseases associated with abnormal biological activity of GPCR are described, as are methods for screening for modulators, e.g., agonists or antagonists, of GPCR activity and/or function.
[0001] This application claims benefit to provisional application U.S.Serial No. 60/313,658 filed Aug. 20, 2001; to provisional applicationU.S. Serial No. 60/340,703, filed Oct. 30, 2001; to provisionalapplication U.S. Serial No. 60/318,675, filed Sep. 12, 2001; toprovisional application U.S. Serial No. 60/355,596, filed Feb. 6, 2002;to provisional application U.S. Serial No. 60/333,417, filed Nov. 26,2001; and to provisional application U.S. Serial No. 60/338,367, filedDec. 6, 2001. The entire teachings of the referenced applications areincorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to novel G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR) nucleic acid or polynucleotide sequences (“genes”) which encodeGPCR proteins. This invention further relates to fragments of novel GPCRnucleic acid sequences and their encoded amino acid sequences.Additionally, the invention relates to methods of using the GPCRpolynucleotide sequences and encoded GPCR proteins for genetic screeningand for the treatment of diseases, disorders, conditions, or syndromesassociated with GPCRs.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Many medically significant biological processes that are mediatedby proteins participating in signal transduction pathways involvingG-proteins and/or second messengers, e.g., cAMP, have been established(Lefkowitz, Nature, 351:353-354 (1991)). These proteins are referred toherein as proteins participating in pathways with G-proteins or PPGproteins. Some examples of these proteins include the G protein-coupledreceptors (GPCR), such as those for adrenergic agents and dopamine(Kobilka, B. K., et al., PNAS, 84:46-50 (1987); Kobilka, B. K., et al.,Science, 238:650-656 (1987); Bunzow, J. R., et al., Nature, 336:783-787(1988)), G-proteins themselves, effector proteins, e.g., phospholipaseC, adenylate cyclase, and phosphodiesterase, and actuator proteins,e.g., protein kinase A and protein kinase C (Simon, M. I., et al.,Science, 252:802-8 (1991)).
[0004] For example, in one form of signal transduction, the effect ofhormone binding results in activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclaseinside the cell. Enzyme activation by hormones is dependent on thepresence of the nucleotide GTP, where GTP also influences hormonebinding. A G-protein binds the hormone receptors to adenylate cyclase.The G-protein has further been shown to exchange GTP for bound GDP whenactivated by hormone receptors. The GTP-carrying form then binds to anactivated adenylate cyclase. Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, catalyzed by theG-protein itself, returns the G-protein to its basal, inactive form.Thus, the G-protein serves a dual role—as an intermediate that relaysthe signal from receptor to effector, and as a “clock” that controls theduration of the signal.
[0005] The membrane protein gene superfamily of G-protein coupledreceptors (GPCRs) has been characterized as having seven putativetransmembrane domains. The domains are believed to representtransmembrane α-helices connected by extracellular or cytoplasmic loops.GPCRs include a wide range of biologically active receptors, such ashormone, viral, growth factor, and neuronal receptors.
[0006] GPCRs are further characterized as having seven conservedhydrophobic stretches of about 20 to 30 amino acids, connecting at leasteight divergent hydrophilic loops. The G-protein family of coupledreceptors includes dopamine receptors, which bind to neuroleptic drugs,used for treating psychotic and neurological disorders. Other examplesof members of this family of receptors include calcitonin, adrenergic,endothelin, cAMP, adenosine, muscarinic, acetylcholine, serotonin,histamine, thrombin, kinin, follicle stimulating hormone, opsins,endothelial differentiation gene-1 receptor, rhodopsins, odorant andcytomegalovirus receptors, etc.
[0007] Most GPCRs have single conserved cysteine residues in each of thefirst two extracellular loops which form disulfide bonds that arebelieved to stabilize functional protein structure. The 7 transmembraneregions are designated as TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, and TM7. TM3 hasbeen implicated in signal transduction. Phosphorylation and lipidation(palmitylation or farnesylation) of cysteine residues can influencesignal transduction of some GPCRs. Most GPCRs contain potentialphosphorylation sites within the third cytoplasmic loop and/or thecarboxyl terminus.
[0008] For several GPCRs, such as the β-adrenoreceptor, phosphorylationby protein kinase A and/or specific receptor kinases mediates receptordesensitization. For some receptors, the ligand binding sites of GPCRsare believed to comprise a hydrophilic socket formed by thetransmembrane domains of several GPCRs. This socket is surrounded byhydrophobic residues of the GPCRs. The hydrophilic side of each GPCRtransmembrane helix is postulated to face inward and form the polarligand-binding site. TM3 has been implicated in several GPCRs as havinga ligand-binding site, which includes the TM3 aspartate residue.Additionally, TM5 serines, a TM6 asparagine and TM6 or TM7phenylalanines or tyrosines are also implicated in ligand binding.
[0009] GPCRs can be intracellularly coupled by heterotrimeric G-proteinsto various intracellular enzymes, ion channels and transporters (see,Johnson et al., Endoc., Rev., 10:317-331(1989)). Different G-proteinβ-subunits preferentially stimulate particular effectors to modulatevarious biological functions in a cell. Phosphorylation of cytoplasmicresidues of GPCRs have been identified as an important mechanism for theregulation of G-protein coupling of some GPCRs. GPCRs are found innumerous sites within a mammalian host.
[0010] GPCRs are one of the largest receptor superfamilies known. Thesereceptors are biologically important and malfunction of these receptorsresults in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson, diabetes, dwarfism,color blindness, retinal pigmentosa and asthma. GPCRs are also involvedin depression, schizophrenia, sleeplessness, hypertension, anxiety,stress, renal failure and in several other cardiovascular, metabolic,neural, oncology and immune disorders (F. Horn and G. Vriend, J. Mol.Med., 76: 464-468 (1998)). They have also been shown to play a role inHIV infection (Y. Feng et al., Science, 272: 872-877 (1996)). Thestructure of GPCRs consists of seven transmembrane helices that areconnected by loops. The N-terminus is always extracellular andC-terminus is intracellular. GPCRs are involved in signal transduction.The signal is received at the extracellular N-terminus side. The signalcan be an endogenous ligand, a chemical moiety or light. This signal isthen transduced through the membrane to the cytosolic side where aheterotrimeric protein G-protein is activated which in turn elicits aresponse (F. Horn et al., Recept. and Chann., 5: 305-314 (1998)).Ligands, agonists and antagonists, for these GPCRs are used fortherapeutic purposes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention provides GPCR polynucleotides, preferablyfull-length, and their encoded polypeptides. The GPCR polynucleotidesand polypeptides, may be involved in a variety of diseases, disordersand conditions associated with GPCR activity. More specifically, thepresent invention is concerned with the modulation of these GPCRpolynucleotides and encoded products, particularly in providingtreatments and therapies for relevant diseases. Antagonizing orinhibiting the action of the GPCR polynucleotides and polypeptides isespecially encompassed by the present invention.
[0012] It is an object of this invention to provide isolated GPCRpolynucleotides as depicted in SEQ ID NOs:1-13. Another object of thisinvention is to provide GPCR polypeptides, encoded by the polynucleotideof SEQ ID NOs:1-13 and having the encoded amino acid sequences of SEQ IDNOs:14-26, or a functional or biologically active portion of thesesequences.
[0013] It is yet another object of the invention to provide compositionscomprising the GPCR polynucleotide sequences, or fragments thereof, orthe encoded GPCR polypeptides, or fragments or portions thereof. Inaddition, this invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprisingat least one GPCR polypeptide, or functional portion thereof, whereinthe compositions further comprise a pharmaceutically and physiologicallyacceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
[0014] A further embodiment of this invention presents polynucleotidesequences comprising the complement of SEQ ID NOs:1-13, or variantsthereof. In addition, an object of the invention encompasses variationsor modifications of the GPCR sequences which are a result of degeneracyof the genetic code, where the polynucleotide sequences can hybridizeunder moderate or high stringency conditions to the polynucleotidesequences of SEQ ID NOs:1-13.
[0015] It is another object of the invention to provide nucleic acidsequences encoding the novel GPCR polypeptides and antisense of thenucleic acid sequences, as well as oligonucleotides, fragments, orportions of the nucleic acid molecules or antisense molecules. Alsoprovided are expression vectors and host cells comprisingpolynucleotides that encode the GPCR polypeptides.
[0016] A further object of the present invention encompasses amino acidsequences encoded by the novel GPCR nucleic acid sequences. The aminoacid sequences of SEQ ID NOs:14-26 are encoded by the nucleic acidsequences SEQ ID NOs:1-13, respectively. More specifically, these GPCRpolypeptides are of several types, namely, sensory GPCRs, orphan GPCRs,chemokine GPCRs, or very large GPCRs.
[0017] GPCRs have been described in relation to dopamine receptors,rhodopsin receptors, kinin receptors, N-formyl peptide receptors, opioidreceptors, calcitonin receptors, adrenergic receptors, endothelinreceptors, cAMP receptors, adenosine receptors, muscarinic receptors,acetylcholine receptors, serotonin receptors, histamine receptors,thrombin receptors, follicle stimulating hormone receptors, opsinreceptors, endothelial differentiation gene-I receptors, odorantreceptors, and cytomegalovirus receptors.
[0018] In yet another object, the present invention providespharmaceutical compositions comprising the GPCR polynucleotidesequences, or fragments thereof, or the encoded GPCR polypeptidesequences, or fragments or portions thereof. Also provided arepharmaceutical compositions comprising GPCR polypeptide sequences,homologues, or one or more functional portions thereof, wherein thecompositions further comprise a pharmaceutically- and/orphysiologically-acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent. All fragmentsor portions of the GPCR polynucleotides and polypeptides are preferablyfunctional or active.
[0019] Another object of the invention is to provide methods forproducing a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequences of SEQ IDNOs:14-26, or a fragment thereof, preferably, a functional fragment orportion thereof, comprising the steps of a) cultivating a host cellcontaining an expression vector containing at least a functionalfragment of the polynucleotide sequence encoding the GPCR proteinsaccording to this invention under conditions suitable for the expressionof the polypeptide; and b) recovering the polypeptide from the hostcell.
[0020] Another object of this invention is to provide a substantiallypurified modulator, preferably an antagonist or inhibitor, of one ormore of the GPCR polypeptides having SEQ ID NOs:14-26. In this regard,and by way of example, a purified antibody, or antigenic epitope thereofthat binds to a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNOs:14-26, or homologue encoded by a polynucleotide having a nucleicacid sequence, or degenerate thereof, as set forth in any one of SEQ IDNOs:1-13 is provided.
[0021] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide GPCRnucleic acid sequences, polypeptides, peptides and antibodies for use inthe diagnosis and/or screening of disorders or diseases associated withexpression of one or more of the GPCR polynucleotides and their encodedpolypeptide products as described herein. Another object of thisinvention is to provide diagnostic probes or primers for detectingGPCR-related diseases and/or for monitoring a patient's response totherapy. The probe or primer sequences comprise nucleic acid or aminoacid sequences of the GPCRs described herein.
[0022] It is another object of the present invention to provide a methodfor detecting a polynucleotide that encodes a described GPCR polypeptidein a biological sample comprising the steps of: a) hybridizing thecomplement of the polynucleotide sequence encoding SEQ ID NOs:1-13 tothe nucleic acid material of a biological sample, thereby forming ahybridization complex; and b) detecting the hybridization complex,wherein the presence of the complex correlates with the presence of apolynucleotide encoding a GPCR polypeptide in the biological sample. Thenucleic acid material may be further amplified by the polymerase chainreaction prior to hybridization.
[0023] Another object of this invention is to provide methods forscreening for agents which modulate GPCR polypeptides, e.g., agonistsand antagonists, particularly those that are obtained from the screeningmethods as described. As yet a further object, the invention providesmethods for detecting genetic predisposition, susceptibility andresponse to therapy of various GPCR-related diseases, disorders, orconditions.
[0024] It is another object of the present invention to provide methodsfor the treatment or prevention of several GPCR-associated diseases ordisorders including, but not limited to, cancers, and/or cardiovascular,immune, or neurological diseases or disorders. The methods involveadministering to an individual in need of such treatment or preventionan effective amount of a purified antagonist of one or more of GPCRpolypeptide.
[0025] It is yet another object of this invention to provide diagnostickits for the determination of the nucleotide sequences of human GPCRalleles. The kits can comprise reagents and instructions foramplification-based assays, nucleic acid probe assays, protein nucleicacid probe assays, antibody assays or any combination thereof. Such kitsare suitable for screening and the diagnosis of disorders associatedwith aberrant or uncontrolled cellular development and with theexpression of one or more GPCR polynucleotide and encoded GPCRpolypeptide as described herein. Further objects, features, andadvantages of the present invention will be better understood upon areading of the detailed description of the invention when considered inconnection with the accompanying figures or drawings.
[0026] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide encoding apolypeptide fragment of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26, or a polypeptidefragment encoded by the cDNA sequence included in the deposited clone,which is hybridizable to SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0027] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide encoding apolypeptide domain of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26 or a polypeptidedomain encoded by the cDNA sequence included in the deposited clone,which is hybridizable to SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0028] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide encoding apolypeptide epitope of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26 or a polypeptideepitope encoded by the cDNA sequence included in the deposited clone,which is hybridizable to SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0029] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide encoding apolypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the cDNA sequence includedin the deposited clone, which is hybridizable to SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or13, having biological activity.
[0030] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide which is avariant of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0031] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide which is anallelic variant of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0032] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide which encodes aspecies homologue of the SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26.
[0033] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide whichrepresents the complimentary sequence (antisense) of SEQ ID NO:7, 10,and/or 13.
[0034] The invention further relates to a polynucleotide capable ofhybridizing under stringent conditions to any one of the polynucleotidesspecified herein, wherein said polynucleotide does not hybridize understringent conditions to a nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotidesequence of only A residues or of only T residues.
[0035] The invention further relates to an isolated nucleic acidmolecule of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26, wherein the polynucleotidefragment comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a GPCR protein.
[0036] The invention further relates to an isolated nucleic acidmolecule of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13, wherein the polynucleotidefragment comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding the sequenceidentified as SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the polypeptide encoded bythe cDNA sequence included in the deposited clone, which is hybridizableto SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0037] The invention further relates to an isolated nucleic acidmolecule of of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13, wherein the polynucleotidefragment comprises the entire nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, 10,and/or 13 or the cDNA sequence included in the deposited clone, which ishybridizable to SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0038] The invention further relates to an isolated nucleic acidmolecule of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13, wherein the nucleotide sequencecomprises sequential nucleotide deletions from either the C-terminus orthe N-terminus.
[0039] The invention further relates to an isolated polypeptidecomprising an amino acid sequence that comprises a polypeptide fragmentof SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the encoded sequence included in thedeposited clone.
[0040] The invention further relates to a polypeptide fragment of SEQ IDNO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the encoded sequence included in the depositedclone, having biological activity.
[0041] The invention further relates to a polypeptide domain of SEQ IDNO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the encoded sequence included in the depositedclone.
[0042] The invention further relates to a polypeptide epitope of SEQ IDNO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the encoded sequence included in the depositedclone.
[0043] The invention further relates to a full length protein of SEQ IDNO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the encoded sequence included in the depositedclone.
[0044] The invention further relates to a variant of SEQ ID NO:20, 23,and/or 26.
[0045] The invention further relates to an allelic variant of SEQ IDNO:20, 23, and/or 26. The invention further relates to a specieshomologue of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26.
[0046] The invention further relates to the isolated polypeptide of ofSEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26, wherein the full length protein comprisessequential amino acid deletions from either the C-terminus or theN-terminus.
[0047] The invention further relates to an isolated antibody that bindsspecifically to the isolated polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26.
[0048] The invention further relates to a method for preventing,treating, or ameliorating a medical condition, comprising administeringto a mammalian subject a therapeutically effective amount of thepolypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26 or the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:7, 10, and/or 13.
[0049] The invention further relates to a method of diagnosing apathological condition or a susceptibility to a pathological conditionin a subject comprising the steps of (a) determining the presence orabsence of a mutation in the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or13; and (b) diagnosing a pathological condition or a susceptibility to apathological condition based on the presence or absence of saidmutation.
[0050] The invention further relates to a method of diagnosing apathological condition or a susceptibility to a pathological conditionin a subject comprising the steps of (a) determining the presence oramount of expression of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26in a biological sample; and diagnosing a pathological condition or asusceptibility to a pathological condition based on the presence oramount of expression of the polypeptide.
[0051] The invention further relates to a method for identifying abinding partner to the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26comprising the steps of (a) contacting the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:20,23, and/or 26 with a binding partner; and (b) determining whether thebinding partner effects an activity of the polypeptide.
[0052] The invention further relates to a gene corresponding to the cDNAsequence of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13. The invention further relates toa method of identifying an activity in a biological assay, wherein themethod comprises the steps of expressing SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13 in acell, (b) isolating the supernatant; (c) detecting an activity in abiological assay; and (d) identifying the protein in the supernatanthaving the activity.
[0053] The invention further relates to a process for makingpolynucleotide sequences encoding gene products having altered SEQ IDNO:20, 23, and/or 26 activity comprising the steps of (a) shuffling anucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:7, 10, and/or 13, (b) expressing theresulting shuffled nucleotide sequences and, (c) selecting for alteredactivity as compared to the activity of the gene product of saidunmodified nucleotide sequence.
[0054] The invention further relates to a shuffled polynucleotidesequence produced by a shuffling process, wherein said shuffled DNAmolecule encodes a gene product having enhanced tolerance to aninhibitor of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26 activity.
[0055] The invention further relates to a method of identifying acompound that modulates the biological activity of Gene 7, 10, and/or13, comprising the steps of, (a) combining a candidate modulatorcompound with Gene 7, 10, and/or 13 having the sequence set forth in oneor more of SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26; and measuring an effect of thecandidate modulator compound on the activity of Gene 7, 10, and/or 13.
[0056] The invention further relates to a method of identifying acompound that modulates the biological activity of a GPCR, comprisingthe steps of, (a) combining a candidate modulator compound with a hostcell expressing Gene 7, 10, and/or 13 having the sequence as set forthin SEQ ID NO:20, 23, and/or 26; and, (b) measuring an effect of thecandidate modulator compound on the activity of the expressed Gene 7,10, and/or 13.
[0057] The invention further relates to a method of identifying acompound that modulates the biological activity of Gene 7, 10, and/or13, comprising the steps of, (a) combining a candidate modulatorcompound with a host cell containing a vector described herein, whereinGene 7, 10, and/or 13 is expressed by the cell; and, (b) measuring aneffect of the candidate modulator compound on the activity of theexpressed Gene 7, 10, and/or 13.
[0058] The invention further relates to a method of screening for acompound that is capable of modulating the biological activity of Gene7, 10, and/or 13, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a host celldescribed herein; (b) determining the biological activity of Gene 7, 10,and/or 13 in the absence of a modulator compound; (c) contacting thecell with the modulator compound; and (d) determining the biologicalactivity of Gene 7, 10, and/or 13 in the presence of the modulatorcompound; wherein a difference between the activity of Gene 7, 10,,and/or 13 in the presence of the modulator compound and in the absenceof the modulator compound indicates a modulating effect of the compound.
[0059] The invention further relates to a compound that modulates thebiological activity of human Gene 7, 10, and/or 13 as identified by themethods described herein.
[0060] The invention further relates to a method for preventing,treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptideprovided as SEQ ID NO:26, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid,wherein the medical condition is a neural disorder.
[0061] The invention further relates to a method for preventing,treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptideprovided as SEQ ID NO:26, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid,wherein the medical condition is an endocrine disorder.
[0062] The invention further relates to a method for preventing,treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptideprovided as SEQ ID NO:26, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid,wherein the medical condition is a sleep disorder.
[0063] The invention further relates to a method for preventing,treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptideprovided as SEQ ID NO:26, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid,wherein the medical condition is a member of the group consisting ofdisorders that affect the nucleus accumbens, disorders that affect thebrains ‘reward center’ function, neurotransmitter release disorders,disorders affecting the release of dopamine, disorders affecting therelease of opioid peptides, disorders affecting the release ofserotonin, disorders affecting the release of GABA, pineal glanddisorders, disorders affecting the establishment of circadian rhythms,disorders affecting the maintenance of circadian rhythms, disordersaffecting the control of the sleep/wake cycle.
[0064] The invention further relates to a method for preventing,treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptideprovided as SEQ ID NO:26, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid,wherein the medical condition is a member of the group consisting ofmelatonin secretion disorders, pituitary hormone secretion disorders,oxytocin secretion disorders, disorders affecting neuroendocrineresponse to stressful stimuli, disorders affecting oxytocin secretionduring neuroendocrine response to stressful stimuli, disorders affectingnocturnal patterns of hormone secretion, disorders affecting thenocturnal hormone secretion of prolactin, disorders affecting thenocturnal hormone secretion of cortisol, and/or disorders affecting thenocturnal hormone secretion of growth hormone.
[0065] The invention further relates to a method for preventing,treating, or ameliorating a medical condition with the polypeptideprovided as SEQ ID NO:26, in addition to, its encoding nucleic acid,wherein the medical condition is a member of the group consisting ofneuro-pathologies, including responses to stress, and propensity todevelop addictive behaviors, as well as a vast number of neuroendocrineabnormalities including sleep disorders.
[0066] The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotideconsisting of a portion of the human Gene 7 gene consisting of at least8 bases, specifically excluding the polynucleotide sequence provided inGenbank Accession Nos. BG198766; BI828553; BG210740; BE439409; AF003828;and/or AL705589.
[0067] The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotideconsisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding a fragment of the humanGene 7 protein, wherein said fragment displays one or more functionalactivities specifically excluding the polynucleotide sequence providedin Genbank Accession Nos. BGI98766; BI828553; BG210740; BE439409;AF003828; and/or AL705589.
[0068] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:7 consisting of at least 10 to 50 bases, wherein said at least 10to 50 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence of GenbankAccession Nos. BG198766; BI828553; BG210740; BE439409; AF003828; and/orAL705589.
[0069] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:7 consisting of at least 15 to 100 bases, wherein said at least 15to 100 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence of GenbankAccession Nos. BG198766; BI828553; BG210740; BE439409; AF003828; and/orAL705589.
[0070] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:7 consisting of at least 100 to 1000 bases, wherein said at least100 to 1000 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence ofGenbank Accession Nos. BG198766; BI828553; BG210740; BE439409; AF003828;and/or AL705589.
[0071] The present invention also relates to an isolated polypeptidefragment of the human Gene 7 protein, wherein said polypeptide fragmentdoes not consist of the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotidesequence of Genbank Accession Nos. BG198766; BI828553; BG210740;BE439409; AF003828; and/or AL705589.
[0072] The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotideconsisting of a portion of the human Gene 10 gene consisting of at least8 bases, specifically excluding the polynucleotide sequence provided inGenbank Accession Nos. BB201968; BB206141); AI962273; and/or BI274717.
[0073] The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotideconsisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding a fragment of the humanGene 10 protein, wherein said fragment displays one or more functionalactivities specifically excluding the polynucleotide sequence providedin Genbank Accession Nos. BB201968; BB206141); AI962273; and/orBI274717.
[0074] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:10 consisting of at least 10 to 50 bases, wherein said at least 10to 50 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence of GenbankAccession Nos. BB201968; BB206141); AI962273; and/or BI274717.
[0075] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:10 consisting of at least 15 to 100 bases, wherein said at least15 to 100 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence ofGenbank Accession Nos. BB201968; BB206141); AI962273; and/or BI274717.
[0076] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:10 consisting of at least 100 to 1000 bases, wherein said at least100 to 1000 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence ofGenbank Accession Nos. BB201968; BB206141); AI962273; and/or BI274717.
[0077] The present invention also relates to an isolated polypeptidefragment of the human Gene 10 protein, wherein said polypeptide fragmentdoes not consist of the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotidesequence of Genbank Accession Nos. BB201968; BB206141); AI962273; and/orBI274717.
[0078] The present invention also relates to an isolated polynucleotideconsisting of a nucleotide sequence encoding a fragment of the humanGene 13 protein, wherein said fragment displays one or more functionalactivities specifically excluding the polynucleotide sequence providedin Genbank Accession Nos. BQ339434; and/or BG003773.
[0079] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:13 consisting of at least 10 to 50 bases, wherein said at least 10to 50 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence of GenbankAccession Nos. BQ339434; and/or BG003773.
[0080] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:13 consisting of at least 15 to 100 bases, wherein said at least15 to 100 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence ofGenbank Accession Nos. BQ339434; and/or BG003773.
[0081] The present invention also relates to the polynucleotide of SEQID NO:13 consisting of at least 100 to 1000 bases, wherein said at least100 to 1000 bases specifically exclude the polynucleotide sequence ofGenbank Accession Nos. BQ339434; and/or BG003773.
[0082] The present invention also relates to an isolated polypeptidefragment of the human Gene 13 protein, wherein said polypeptide fragmentdoes not consist of the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotidesequence of Genbank Accession Nos. BQ339434; and/or BG003773.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0083]FIG. 1 presents the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) of a novelhuman sensory GPCR, called Gene 1 herein.
[0084]FIG. 2 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:14) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:1) of Gene 1.
[0085]FIG. 3 presents the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) of a novelhuman sensory GPCR, called Gene 2 herein.
[0086]FIG. 4 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:15) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) of Gene 2.
[0087]FIG. 5 presents the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) of a novelhuman sensory GPCR, called Gene 3 herein.
[0088]FIG. 6 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:16) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:3) of Gene 3.
[0089]FIG. 7 shows the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:4) of a novelhuman sensory GPCR, called Gene 4 herein.
[0090]FIG. 8 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:17) encoded by thenucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:4) of Gene 4.
[0091]FIG. 9 shows the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:5) of a novelhuman sensory GPCR, called Gene 5 herein.
[0092]FIG. 10 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:18) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:5) of Gene 5.
[0093]FIG. 11 shows the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:6) of a novelhuman chemokine GPCR, called Gene 6 herein.
[0094]FIG. 12 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:19) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:6) of Gene 6.
[0095]FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13C present the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ IDNO:7) of a novel human orphan GPCR, called Gene 7 herein.
[0096]FIG. 14 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:20) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:7) of Gene 7.
[0097]FIGS. 15A and 15B present the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:8)of a novel human orphan GPCR, called Gene 8 herein.
[0098]FIG. 16 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:21) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:8) of Gene 8.
[0099]FIG. 17 presents the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:9) of anovel human sensory GPCR, called Gene 9 herein.
[0100]FIG. 18 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:22) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:9) of Gene 9.
[0101] FIGS. 19A-B shows the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:10) of anovel human sensory GPCR, called Gene 10 herein.
[0102]FIG. 20 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:23) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:10) of Gene 10.
[0103]FIGS. 21A and 21B show the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:11) ofa novel human sensory GPCR, called Gene 11 herein.
[0104]FIG. 22 shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:24) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:11) of Gene 11.
[0105]FIG. 23 presents the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:12) of anovel human sensory GPCR, called Gene 12 herein.
[0106]FIG. 24 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:25) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:12) of Gene 12.
[0107] FIGS. 25A-B presents the nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:13) ofa novel human very large GPCR, called Gene 13 herein.
[0108]FIG. 26 presents the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:26) encoded bythe nucleic acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:13) of Gene 13.
[0109]FIG. 27A illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 1 with the top hit protein human olfactory receptor 5U1 (GenbankAccession No: gi|14423824; SEQ ID NO:72) a transmembrane receptor) usingthe protein sequence database and BLAST analysis as known and asdescribed herein. FIG. 27B illustrates the domain prediction for theGPCR encoded by Gene 1. (“T” denotes “target”, and represents a portionof the amino acid sequence of Gene 1 provided as SEQ ID NO:14). Domainpredictions are valuable for suggesting possible functional domains inthe predicted protein. These predictions are based on comparisons of thegiven protein sequence (the “query”, or “Q” represents the Pfam PF00007Rhodopsin model sequence provided as SEQ ID NO:86) against a collectionof statistical models known as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) (the targets,or T). HMMs represent consensus patterns for known functional domainsand this method of comparison allows for the prediction of functionaldomains in novel protein sequences. HMMs are built from the Pfamalignments. The Pfam is a database of multiple alignments of proteindomains or conserved protein regions. The alignments represent someevolutionary conserved structure, which has implications for theprotein's function. Such alignment analysis can be very useful forautomatically recognizing that a new protein belongs to an existingprotein family, even if the homology is weak (See, A. Bateman, E.Birney, R. Durbin, S. R. Eddy, K. L. Howe, and E. L. L. Sonnhammer. ThePfam Protein Families Database. Nucleic Acids Research, 28:263-266,2000).
[0110] In FIG. 27A, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 1 (SEQID NO: 14), while the subject (“sbjct”) sequence is that of the sequencehaving the highest percent identity (50%), i.e., human olfactoryreceptor 5U1, for this GPCR sequence (Genbank Accession No: gi|14423824;SEQ ID NO:72).
[0111]FIGS. 28A and 28B illustrate an alignment of the novel humansensory GPCR Gene 2 with the top hit proteins from the protein sequencedatabase and BLAST analysis as known and also as described herein. FIG.28A shows that the GPCR Gene 2 amino acid sequence is highly similar tohuman G protein coupled receptor 61 protein (Genbank Accession No:gi|13994320; SEQ ID NO:73). FIG. 27B shows that the Gene 2 amino acidsequence is also highly similar to rabbit G protein coupled receptorprotein (Genbank Accession No: gi|AAR91232; SEQ ID NO:74). In FIGS. 28A,28B, and 28C, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 2 (SEQ IDNO:15); in FIG. 28A, the subject (“sbjct”) sequence(s) is/are the aminoacid sequence(s) having the highest percent identity (98%) to that ofGene 2. FIG. 28C illustrates the predicted domains in the GPCR encodedby Gene 2. (“T” denotes “target” and represents the Pfam PF00007Rhodopsin model sequence provided as SEQ ID NO:86).
[0112]FIG. 29A illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 3 with the top hit protein, i.e., MOR 3′Beta4 protein of mouse(Genbank Accession No: gi|11908220; SEQ ID NO:75), from the proteinsequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as described herein.FIG. 29B illustrates the domain prediction in the GPCR encoded by Gene3. (“T” denotes “target” and represents the Pfam PF00007 Rhodopsin modelsequence provided as SEQ ID NO:86). In FIGS. 29A and 29B, the query (or“Q”) sequence is that of Gene 3, while the subject (“sbjct”) sequence isthe amino acid sequence having the highest percent identity (48%) tothat of Gene 3 (Genbank Accession No: gi|11908220; SEQ ID NO:75).
[0113]FIG. 30A illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 4 with the top hit protein, i.e., MOR 3′Beta1 protein (olfactoryreceptor 67) of mouse (Genbank Accession No: gi|4761597; SEQ ID NO:76),from the protein sequence database and BLAST analysis as known and asdescribed herein. FIG. 30B illustrates the domain prediction in the GPCRencoded by Gene 4. (“T” denotes “target” and represents the Pfam PF00007Rhodopsin model sequence provided as SEQ ID NO:86). In FIGS. 30A and30B, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 4, while the subject(“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having the highest percentidentity (48%) to that of Gene 4 (Genbank Accession No: gi|4761597; SEQID NO:76).
[0114]FIG. 31 illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 5 with the top hit protein, i.e., human taste receptor protein(Genbank Accession No: gi|7262621; SEQ ID NO:77) from the proteinsequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as described herein.In FIG. 31, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 5, while thesubject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having the highestpercent identity (44%) to that of Gene 5 (Genbank Accession No:gi|7262621; SEQ ID NO:77).
[0115]FIG. 32 illustrates an alignment of the novel human chemokine GPCRGene 6 with the top hit protein, i.e., human chemokine receptor 1(Genbank Accession No: gi|12729981; SEQ ID NO:78) from the proteinsequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as described herein.In FIG. 32, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 6, while thesubject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having the highestpercent identity (26%) to that of Gene 6 (Genbank Accession No:gi|12729981; SEQ ID NO:78).
[0116]FIG. 33 illustrates an alignment of the novel human orphan GPCRGene 7 with the top hit protein, i.e., human G-protein coupled receptorhHI7T213 (Genbank Accession No: gi|AAY90761; SEQ ID NO:79) from theprotein sequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as describedherein. In FIG. 33, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 7, whilethe subject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having thehighest percent identity (77%) to that of Gene 7 (Genbank Accession No:gi|AAY90761; SEQ ID NO:79).
[0117]FIG. 34 illustrates an alignment of the novel human orphan GPCRGene 8 with the top hit protein, i.e., human G-protein coupled receptorRE2 (Genbank Accession No: gi|13637713; SEQ ID NO:80) from the proteinsequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as described herein.In FIG. 34, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 8, while thesubject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having the highestpercent identity (32%) to that of Gene 8 (Genbank Accession No:gi|13637713; SEQ ID NO:80).
[0118]FIG. 35 illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 9 with the top hit protein, i.e., human sensory GPCR receptor(Genbank Accession No: gi|3746448; SEQ ID NO:81) from the proteinsequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as described herein.In FIG. 35, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 9, while thesubject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having the highestpercent identity (47%) to that of Gene 9 (Genbank Accession No:gi|3746448; SEQ ID NO:81).
[0119]FIG. 36 illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 10 with the top hit protein, i.e., odorant receptor K11 of mouse(Genbank Accession No: gi|11692519; SEQ ID NO:82), from the proteinsequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as described herein.In FIG. 36, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 10, while thesubject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having the highestpercent identity (76%) to that of Gene 10 (Genbank Accession No:gi|11692519; SEQ ID NO:82).
[0120]FIG. 37 illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 11 with the top hit protein, i.e., odorant receptor K4h11 of mouse(Genbank Accession No: gi|11692563; SEQ ID NO:83), from the proteinsequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as described herein.In FIG. 37, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 11, while thesubject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence having the highestpercent identity (78%) to that of Gene 11 (Genbank Accession No:gi|11692563; SEQ ID NO:83).
[0121]FIG. 38 illustrates an alignment of the novel human sensory GPCRGene 12 with the top hit protein, i.e., vomeronasal receptor V1RC3 ofmouse (Genbank Accession No: gi|11967419; SEQ ID NO:84), from theprotein sequence database and BLAST analysis as known and as describedherein. In FIG. 38, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that of Gene 12,while the subject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequence havingthe highest percent identity (43%) to that of Gene 12 (Genbank AccessionNo: gi|11967419; SEQ ID NO:84).
[0122]FIG. 39 illustrates an alignment of the novel the human very largeGPCR Gene 13 with the top hit protein, i.e., human very large G-proteincoupled receptor-1 (Genbank Accession No: gi|5902966; SEQ ID NO:85),from the protein sequence database and BLAST analysis as known and asdescribed herein. In FIG. 39, the query (or “Q”) sequence is that ofGene 13, while the subject (“sbjct”) sequence is the amino acid sequencehaving the highest percent identity (30%) to that of Gene 13 (GenbankAccession No: gi|5902966; SEQ ID NO:85).
[0123] FIGS. 40A-40E illustrate a multiple sequence alignment of theamino acid sequence of GPCR, Gene 13, (SEQ ID NO:26) with the amino acidsequences of other human GPCR proteins, namely, human_hypothetical 1(SEQ ID NO:149) and human_hypothetical 2 (SEQ ID NO:150). The GCG pileupprogram was used to generate the alignment. The blackened areasrepresent identical amino acids in more than half of the listedsequences and the gray highlighted areas represent similar amino acids.Dashes represent no comparison and dots represent gaps in the alignment.
[0124]FIG. 41 presents the tissue expression profile of the novel humanGPCR, Gene 13. A PCR primer was designed from SEQ ID NO:13 and was usedto measure the steady state levels of mRNA by quantitative PCR.Transcripts corresponding to the GPCR, Gene 13, is highly expressed inbrain tissues and the pituitary.
[0125]FIG. 42 presents the brain sub-region expression profile of thenovel human GPCR, Gene 13. A PCR primer was designed from SEQ ID NO:13and was used to measure the steady state levels of mRNA by quantitativePCR. Transcripts corresponding to the GPCR, HGPRBMY 37, is highlyexpressed in the following brain sub-regions: amygdala, cerebellum,corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, subtantia nigra andthalamus.
[0126]FIG. 43 presents a schematic of the cell-based reporter assaysystem based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to detectGene 13 functional coupling as described in Example 8. Gene 13 istransfected into the Cho/NFAT-CRE reporter cell line and changes inreal-time gene expression, as a consequence of constitutive G-proteincoupling of Gene 13 GPCR, is examined by analyzing the fluorescenceemission of the transformed cells at 447 nm and 518 nm
[0127]FIG. 44 shows an expanded expression profile of the novelG-protein coupled receptor, Gene 13. The figure illustrates the relativeexpression level of Gene 13 amongst various mRNA tissue sources. Asshown, the Gene 13 polypeptide was expressed predominately in thenervous system, with lesser amounts found in the respiratory andendocrine systems. Specifically, Gene 13 was expressed at the higheststeady state levels in the nucleus accumbens, followed by the pineal andpituitary gland. Expression of Gene 13 was also significantly expressedat near equal levels across the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, andchoroid plexus. Expression of Gene 13 was also significantly expressedto a lesser extent in in the caudate, the cerebellum and thehypothalamus. Expression data was obtained by measuring the steady stateGene 13 mRNA levels by quantitative PCR using the PCR primer pairprovided as SEQ ID NO:166 and 167, and Taqman probe (SEQ ID NO:168) asdescribed in Example 10 herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0128] The present invention provides novel human GPCR (GPCR) genes(i.e., polynucleotide or nucleic acid sequences) which encode GPCRproteins (polypeptides), preferably full-length GPCR polypeptides. Theinvention further relates to fragments and portions of novel GPCRnucleic acid sequences and their encoded amino acid sequences(peptides). Preferably, the fragments and portions of the GPCRpolypeptides are functional or active. The invention also providesmethods of using the novel GPCR polynucleotide sequences and the encodedGPCR polypeptides for genetic screening and for the treatment ofdiseases, disorders, conditions, or syndromes associated with GPCRs andGPCR activity and function.
[0129] Definitions
[0130] The following definitions are provided to more fully describe thepresent invention in its various aspects. The definitions are intendedto be useful for guidance and elucidation, and are not intended to limitthe disclosed invention or its embodiments.
[0131] “Amino acid sequence” as used herein can refer to anoligopeptide, peptide, polypeptide, or protein sequence, and fragmentsor portions thereof, as well as to naturally occurring or syntheticmolecules, preferably isolated polypeptides of the GPCR. Amino acidsequence fragments are typically from about 4 to about 30, preferablyfrom about 5 to about 15, more preferably from about 5 to about 15 aminoacids in length and preferably retain the biological activity orfunction of a GPCR polypeptide. GPCR amino acid sequences of thisinvention are set forth in SEQ ID NOs:14-26 of Table 1 and indescription of the Figures. The terms GPCR polypeptide and GPCR proteinare used interchangeably herein to refer to the encoded products of theGPCR nucleic acid sequences according to the present invention.
[0132] As will be appreciated by the skilled practitioner, should theamino acid fragment comprise an antigenic epitope, for example,biological function per se need not be maintained. The terms Gene 7, 10,and/or 13 polypeptide and Gene 7, 10, and/or 13 protein are usedinterchangeably herein to refer to the encoded product of the Gene 7,10, and/or 13 nucleic acid sequence according to the present invention.
[0133] Isolated GPCR polypeptide refers to the amino acid sequence ofsubstantially purified GPCR, which may be obtained from any species,preferably mammalian, and more preferably, human, and from a variety ofsources, including natural, synthetic, semi-synthetic, or recombinant.More particularly, the GPCR polypeptides of this invention areidentified in SEQ ID NOs:14-26. Functional fragments of the GPCRpolypeptides are also embraced by the present invention.
[0134] “Similar” amino acids are those which have the same or similarphysical properties and in many cases, the function is conserved withsimilar residues. For example, amino acids lysine and arginine aresimilar; while residues such as proline and cysteine do not share anyphysical property and are not considered to be similar. The term“consensus” refers to a sequence that reflects the most common choice ofbase or amino acid at each position among a series of related DNA, RNAor protein sequences. Areas of particularly good agreement oftenrepresent conserved functional domains.
[0135] A “variant” of a GPCR polypeptide refers to an amino acidsequence that is altered by one or more amino acids. The variant mayhave “conservative” changes, in which a substituted amino acid hassimilar structural or chemical properties, e.g., replacement of leucinewith isoleucine. More rarely, a variant may have “non-conservative”changes, for example, replacement of a glycine with a tryptophan. Theencoded protein may also contain deletions, insertions, or substitutionsof amino acid residues, which produce a silent change and result in afunctionally equivalent GPCR protein. Deliberate amino acidsubstitutions may be made on the basis of similarity in polarity,charge, solubility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and/or theamphipathic nature of the residues, as long as the biological activityof GPCR protein is retained.
[0136] For example, negatively charged amino acids may include asparticacid and glutamic acid; positively charged amino acids may includelysine and arginine; and amino acids with uncharged polar head groupshaving similar hydrophilicity values may include leucine, isoleucine,and valine; glycine and alanine; asparagine and glutamine; serine andthreonine; and phenylalanine and tyrosine. Guidance in determining whichamino acid residues may be substituted, inserted, or deleted withoutabolishing functional biological or immunological activity may be foundusing computer programs well known in the art, for example, DNASTAR,Inc. software (Madison, Wis.).
[0137] The term “mimetic”, as used herein, refers to a molecule, havinga structure which is developed from knowledge of the structure of a GPCRprotein, or portions thereof, and as such, is able to affect some or allof the actions of the GPCR protein. A mimetic may comprise of asynthetic peptide or an organic molecule.
[0138] “Nucleic acid or polynucleotide sequence”, as used herein, refersto an isolated oligonucleotide (“oligo”), nucleotide, or polynucleotide,and fragments thereof, and to DNA or RNA of genomic or synthetic originwhich may be single- or double-stranded, and represent the sense oranti-sense strand, preferably of the GPCR. By way of non-limitingexamples, fragments include nucleic acid sequences that are greater than20-60 nucleotides in length, and preferably include fragments that areat least 70-100 nucleotides, or which are at least 1000 nucleotides orgreater in length. GPCR nucleic acid sequences of this invention arespecifically identified in SEQ ID NOs:1-13 of Table 1 and as illustratedin the Figures.
[0139] An “allele” or “allelic sequence” is an alternative form of aGPCR nucleic acid sequence. Alleles may result from at least onemutation in a GPCR nucleic acid sequence and may yield altered mRNAs orpolypeptides whose structure or function may or may not be altered. Anygiven gene, whether natural or recombinant, may have none, one, or manyallelic forms. Common mutational changes, which give rise to alleles,are generally ascribed to natural deletions, additions, or substitutionsof nucleotides. Each of these types of changes may occur alone, or incombination with the others, one or more times in a given sequence.
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github_open_source_100_1_545 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | require 'aruba/cucumber'
Aruba.configure do |config|
config.exit_timeout = Integer ENV.fetch("ARUBA_TIMEOUT") { 120 }
end
|
poems00murrrich_2 | English-PD | Public Domain | (From the French of Lamartine.) Must we for ever to some distant clime Drift through the night despairingly away ? And can we never on the sea of Time Cast anchor for a day ? O Lake! a year hath passed with all its pain, And, by the waves she hoped once more to see, Here, on this stone, I seat myself again, But ask not where is she ? Thus didst thou murmur in thy rocky caves, On their torn flanks thy waters thus did beat, While the gay Zephyr flung thy foaming waves Around her fairy feet. One summer eve we floated from thy shores, Dost thou recall it ? Not a sound was heard. Save when the measured cadence of our oars The dreamy silence stirred. Then tones more sweet than earth shall ever hear, Sweet tones that never will be heard again. Woke slumbering echoes round the haunted mere That listened to the strain, THE LAKE 25 " O blissful Time ! suspend thy flight, Dear hours, prolong your stay, And let us taste the fleet delight Of this enchanting day. Alas ! too many filled with woe Thy tardiness regret; For these, outstrip the winds, but oh! Earth's happy ones forget! I ask some moments more, in vain — Time's wings more swiftly fly : 'O rapturous eve,' I sigh, 'remain,' — Lo ! night is in the sky. Come, let us love — the minutes flee — Love may not long abide ; Time's river knows no ebb, and we Drift onward with the tide." O jealous Time, say, why must hours like these. That thrill the heart with youthful passion's glow, Take wing more quickly on the summer breeze Than dismal hours of woe ? Can we not fix one joyous moment's trace, Must it from earth be cancelled evermore! Shall Time each record of our love efface, Refusing to restore? O grand Eternity! O solemn Past! Ye, whose abyss engulfs our little day, Speak, will ye grant again the bliss, at last, That once ye snatched away? 26 POEMS Ol- CECJRGE MURRAY O Lake beloved, mute caves, and forest green, Whose beauty Time ne'er suffers to depart. Keep fresh the memory of that evening scene. Fair Nature, in thy heart ! Keep it, dear Lake, in sunshine and in storm, In all the varied aspects of thy shore In these dark pines, and rocks of savage form That round thy waters soar. Still let it live in every breeze that sighs. In each soft echo that the hills repeat. In every star that on thy bosom lies With lustre, calm and sweet. Let night-winds murmur to the reeds her name, Let the faint fragrance that embalms each glade, Let every sound and sight and scent proclaim, " Here, two fond lovers strayed." GOD'S HEROES. Once, at a battle's close, a soldier met A youthful comrade whom his eyes had missed Amid the dust and tumult of the strife. Flushed with the glow of victory, and proud Of wounds received in presence of his Chief, He spake in tones of triumph to the boy ; "I did not see thee in the battle's flame;" The stripling answered: "I was in the smoke." Then, with his hand upon his bleeding heart, He closed his eyes, and suddenly fell dead ! A LEGEND OF THE CHILD JESUS 27 So, countless heroes, oft unheeded, fight In Life's grim battle, hidden by the smoke. With patient martyrdom they ply the tasks That God assigns them. Words of sympathy From human lips too seldom cheer their toil. Or help them to be victors over pain. Few mark their struggles in the crowded world — Few soothe their anguish while they inly bleed — And, when they answer to the call of Death, Their names are syllabled on earth no more. A LEGEND OF THE CHILD JESUS. WRITTEN FOR A CHILD. You ask a story, dearest. Here is one Heard oft amid the peasant homes of France. It was the time when Jesus was a child, And, with the Baptist and his cherished lamb, He wandered forth among the hills and dales In the calm hours that closed a summer eve. And they were glad: the lambkin frisked and played, Or cropped green herbage with its milk-white teeth, While the two cousins gathered wilding flowers. Dipped their bare feet in limpid streams, or culled Ripe crimson berries from full-laden boughs. As thus they rambled peacefully it chanced Two rustic children met them. These were wroth Each with the other, and the stronger held Bound by the feet a white and innocent dove That strove to soar and ever as she strove Was balked and bafifled by a spiteful cord. 28 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY Out spake the weaker lad: " The bird is mine. Why hast thou robbed me ? It was I that snared The silly pigeon and thou hast no right To filch my plaything. Give me back my own." Thereat, his comrade stormed a wilful " No ! Thou shalt not have it; I will keep the bird." Then the meek Jesus sorrowfully spake: ' Lo ! with red blood her slender legs are stained, Her eyes are dim and she is sick to death: How wilt thou find thy pleasure in her pain ? I cannot think thou hast a cruel heart, For thou, like me, art still of tender years; Too thoughtless, may be. Wherefore loose, I pray, This chafing cord and let the captive fly Home to her callow nestlings that await Her coming and are all agape for food." Then the boy's heart was softened and he said : " Well hast thou spoken and thy pitying tones Have moved my pity more than I can tell. Thy pleading shames me; — I will loose the dove. Would I were like thee; but whate'er I am, Thou must not think that I am void of ruth." So saying, he unloosed the cord that bound The victim's feet, and " Pretty sufferer, fly," He cried, " fly homeward to thy downy nest In the green woods and feed thy gaping chicks." But, when the other saw the harmless bird Freed from her bonds, he stooped and snatched a stone Up from the roadside, and with deadly aim And fury, hurled it at the joyous dove Which dropped to earth, as lifeless as the stone — Her slim throat mangled by the ragged flint. A LEGEND OF THE CHILD JESUS 29 Then, with keen taunts, he flung her at the feet Of Jesus, hissing: " Meddler ! take thy prize And grant the darHng leave to soar again! " But the meek Jesus sadly from the ground Raised the dead bird, and said: " Alas ! poor boy, Thou dost not know the evil thou hast wrought By thy brief passion. God himself alone Can to a lifeless creature life recall." Then, kneeling down, he humbly joined his hands In prayer, and, looking up to heaven with eyes That swam in tears, sighed, " O ! that I were God ! " And once again, " Ah ! would that I were God ! " Scarce had his prayer upfloated, when the dove, Kissed by his hallowed lips, unclosed her eyes. Oped her light wings and clove the liquid air. Awestruck, the children watched ; then, he whose hand Had freed the captive, whispered: "Art thou God? " And Jesus answered him: " I cannot tell." Then suddenly a rush of nimble wings Whirred, and descending in a golden beam. The dove returned and settled on the brow Of the meek Jesus. While it lingered there, The spell-bound children heard a solemn voice That fell like music on their ears, and cried: " I am the God of Heaven and He who woke Life from death's sleep is my beloved Son." Then first the Baptist by these tokens knew That the meek Jesus was the Son of God ; And gazing on the twice-born dove, he saw A brown half-circle on her snowy neck Marked newly there, in memory of the wound Healed by the kisses of the Holy Child. 30 im)i:ms ok (".i:()R(ii-: Murray THR TIMIC WILL COME. RONDEAU. The time will come, when tliou and I Shall meet once more before we die; The links of passion's broken chain Shall be united once again, In coming days for which we sigh. And thus the sorrows I defy That cloud the sunshine of our sky, For Hope still sings her sweet refrain, The time will come. O that the hours which loiter by Would match my swift desire, and fly: But fond impatience I restrain. Sure that Love's trust is not in vain, And that in answer to my cry, The time will come. A LESSON OF MERCY. Beneath a palm-tree by a clear cool spring God's Prophet, Mahomet, lay slumbering, Till roused by chance, he saw before him stand A foeman, Durther — scimitar in hand. The chieftain bade the startled sleeper rise; And with a flame of triumph in his eyes, " Who now can save thee, Mahomet ? " he cried. " God," said the Prophet, " God, my friend and guide. Awe-struck the Arab dropped his naked sword, THE KING AM) THE PEASANT 31 Which, grasped by Mahomet, defied its lord: And, " Who can save thee now thy blade is won ? " Exclaimed the Prophet. Durther answered, " None! " Then spake the \'ictor: " Though thy hands are red With guiltless blood unmercifully shed, I spare thy life, I give thee back thy steel. Henceforth, compassion for the helpless feel." And thus the twain, unyielding foes of yore, Clasped hands in token that their feud was o'er. THE KING AND THE PEASANT. " X'erily I say unto you, that a rich n:an shall hardly enter into the King- dom of Heaven. .\nd again I say unto you. It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the Kingdom of God." — Xeir Ttftamint. Once, at the self-same point of time, Two mortals passed from earth: One was a King of caste sublime, But base the other's birth; And each had led a stainless life Amid this sinful planet's strife. Upward the spirits took their flight Enfranchised and elate, Till soon they reached the realms of light And paused at Eden's gate, Where, waiting them, with joy they see The Fisherman of Galilee. He oped the Gate, one lustrous stone. And. ushered in the King, While the poor peasant, left alone, 32 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY Heard songs of welcoming And strains of harps, divinely sweet, Poured forth the Royal Guest to greet The music ceased, the Heavenly Guide Flung back the Gate again And bade the peasant at his side Join the seraphic train; But, strange to say, no Angels sang. No harps through Heaven symphonious rangt "O Saint revered!" the peasant cried, "Why chant no choirs for me As for yon Monarch in his pride ? Am I less dear than he? Can aught but equity have birth Here, in high Heaven, as on the earth ? " "My Son," the Saint replied, "thou art As dear as kingly clay; But men like thee, of lowly heart, Come hither every day — While Dives at the Gate appears Once only in a hundred years!" THE STORY OF BROTHER PAUL 33. THE STORY OF BROTHER PAUL. (As told to a friend in the Convent-g-irden.) (SH!J(jcstcd bi/ a pictiin' by Fntnk Dicksee, A.R.A.) Dear friend, you question me if I Am happy, and I thus reply: How can I be so when my Hfe Seems an interminable strife Between a pure, but earthly love. And voices calling from above ? You start: my words sound strange and wild,. The language of some wayward child, And so you marvel — I forget, 'Tis six long years since last we met — You knew me then as Paul D'Estres, You find me "Brother Paul" to-day, A pale, worn monk, whose life of woes Is nearing to a welcome close. Nay, speak not yet: for though I hate My tragic story to relate. Here in this Convent-garden, where The sunlight streams, the flowers are fair,. And all around seems breathing balm. As though each restless heart to calm — Still, I will bare my inmost soul To you who pity and condole. No lapse of time can e'er destroy The hallowed memory of the joy I felt, when first I gazed upon The face of Gabrielle Yvonne. Your subtlest words can scarce express The magic of her loveliness: 34 POEMS OF GEORGE MIRRAV Her guileless eyes and golden hair Still haunt my vision everywhere, And in the Convent when I paint Scenes from the life of some sweet Saint, Some priceless manuscript to grace, Each picture but repeats her face. Our souls were one — we had no thought But for each other — life was naught While we were parted, and I swore Fond vows, still cherished as of yore. Our homes, before my father died. Lay closely nestling side by side; My castle now with all its lands Has passed forever from my hands, And, had my pride not met this fall, I would not here be "Brother Paul." My father died — his life had been A course of recklessness and sin, Since his young wife had passed away — And for the first time, on the day When with vain pomp his limbs were laid Within the ancestral chapel's shade, I learnt that if our ancient name •Could be redeemed from scorn and shame, I must at once prepare to roam A ruined exile from my home. But worse than all, my Gabrielle's sire Cursed my wrecked fortunes in his ire, And sternly bade me ne'er again Set foot within his broad domain. Enough — I left my natal place. But saved our honour from disgrace. THE STORY OF BROTHER PAUL 35 Years passed: where'er my footsteps sped, My pencil won me fame — and bread — And in my paintings >'ou can trace Always the same angelic face, For earthly maid almost too fair, With guileless eyes and golden hair. Far from this cloister — years ago — A youth whom erst I used to know Here in loved Normandy, revealed News he might better have concealed : "Thy fair-haired Gabrielle is wed — They lied, and told her thou wast dead! " I fell beneath this lightning stroke, And, from my trance when I awoke, Six months, with raving frenzy rife, Were cancelled from my weary life. Twas then that cankered by despair, Dazed by the world's remorseless glare I passed within this Convent wall To bear the name of "Brother Paul." And am I happy now, you ask: Behold me. Do I wear a mask? I scourge my flesh, I fast, I pray. But in each moment of each day. Between myself and Heaven I trace The shadow of a saintly face. For earthly maid almost too fair. With guileless eyes and golden hair. One eve, my sorrows to allay, I sought in solitude to pray. And while I meekly stood before The sombre Abbey's open door. 36 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY I heard some footsteps lightly fall On the paved walk that skirts the wall, And as I turned my glances fell Upon the face of Gabrielle. Our eyes but for a moment met In one sad gaze of fond regret; Then in dead silence passing on, The woman that I loved was gone. Close by her side she led a child. Whose lips angelically smiled. While his small hand was reaching nigh Two butterflies that floated by. Ah ! Who can guess the yearning pain With which I saw my love again. Or who can blame me for the sin Of musing on what might have been ? With a strange thrill of tender joy I gazed upon the lovely boy. Till both his mother's self and he Seemed to belong, by right, to me. And fancy tempted me to deem The past a false and evil dream. But reason woke: I passed within The Abbey's gloom, and strove to win Christ's pardon for the thoughts that still Confused my soul against my will. And now my hapless tale is told. One vision haunts me as of old — One image never will depart Till Death shall hush this throbbing heart, And, trusting to the love of God, I sleep at last, beneath the sod ! ROBERT BURNS 37 ROBERT BURNS. Large hearted minstrel! from the sphere Where now thou dwellest, if thine eyes Can watch the spell-bound myriads — here — Whose lips thy genius eulogize; If pain thou feelest now no more, Thy wayward life's wild battle o'er ; If tears that at thy memory start Can touch thy sympathetic heart; On this thy birth-day we would fain Hope — even if the hope be vain — That thou with tranquil joy may'st see The loving honours paid to thee, Thou Laureate of the Poor! whose song O'er the charm'd earth shall echo long. As stars, that garish day concealed. Shine forth amid the shades of night, So, thy dark destiny revealed Each fault and frailty to our sight. The nightingale, that sings forlorn With bosom prest against a thorn, Is type of thee, whose noblest lays Were hymned in sorrow-clouded days; Bard of the vale and stream and grove, Thou lyric oracle of love! Genius, by signs that cannot lie. Flashed in full glory from thine eye. In thee a hero's ardour burned. In thee a woman's pity yearned; Passion and pathos — lire and tears — Baptized thy life's few tragic years. 38 POEMS OF (;K()R(;E MIRRAV So — in the summer-cloud that lowers Keen lightning lurks — with gentle showers; So — from their depths volcanoes bring The fire-flood and the healing spring. Gaze on the Poet's stalwart form Dilating through the mist and storm. The whirlwind shrieks — the thunders roll — They wake fierce echoes in his soul. Hark! 'Mid the elemental war He hears the battle's maddening roar; The tempest loud and louder raves — He treads on Scottish heroes' graves: They wake — they rise — past scenes return — It is the fight of Bannockburn! He sees — he thrills — he glows — As, battling for the ground they trod, His phantom brethren — "red-wat shod" Charge over trampled corse and clod, Down on their Southron foes! His ardent spirit onward sped To join the exulting throng — His banner was the lightning red, His march, the whirlwind overhead. And "Scots, wha hae wi' Wallace bled" His glorious battle-song! And yet dumb cattle, and the "silly sheep," "Smoor'd" in a snow-drift, made this hero weep. Crushed by his plough, the daisy upward turns Its dying eye, and wins immortal tears; The nest-robbed "mousie," nimili with piteous fears- The "wee" bird "chittering" on a frozen spray, ROBERT BURNS 39 Hungry and cold on winter's bleakest day — To all of these the strong man's pity yearns; What helpless thing but melts the heart of Burns? He sang his comrades unrenowned, Shepherds and tillers of the ground ; Brave Poxerty — inglorious worth — The guiltless conquerors of earth, Heroic souls of humblest life, Stern soldiers in the ceaseless strife Waged — since this planet's course began — 'Twixt hard necessity and man. Their lowly joys, their labours dull The poet's touch made beautiful; He deemed nought "common or unclean" — His spirit sanctified the mean — And the rude mattock in his hand Seemed like a sceptre of command ! So — he is loved throughout the earth Beyond the land that gave him birth ; So — where his youth and manhood toiled, Undaunted still, though sorely foiled. Where once he broke the stubborn clod He reigns supreme — a household god — And pilgrims venerate the spot Where stands the Poet's cla\-built cot. In cities — where, 'mid smoke and gloom. The engine clanks and whirrs the loom; Where, 'mid a wilderness of bricks. Grim Toil and Trade their empire fix, And Want and Affluence, side by side, 40 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY Are whirled on traffic's roaring tide; Where dim, discoloured streams that erst From mossy springs clear-bubbling burst, Now, clogged and silent, welter on With all their light and music gone — There — by the foundry's furnace glow. Or black canal — barge-laden, slow — Among the toiling swarms of men The Minstrel of the linn and glen, Hath lays to captivate each ear — For joy, a laugh — for grief, a tear. And Burns to them is dearer far Than Shakespeare's self and Milton are. Dearer — because there runs some vein Warm from his heart through every strain. What though he be no cultured sage Rich in the lore of classic page — He tells them that the honest poor In God's eyes never are obscure — That rank and riches — blood and birth — Are but the accidents of earth. And that a garb of "hodden-grey" Is not less grand than kings' array. If he who wears it will and can Uphold the dignity of man. And thus — the shepherd on the moor; The lasses, bleaching on the braes; The gude-wife, spinning at the door; The reaper in the noon-tide blaze; The wayworn hunter on the fell; The milk-maid in the hazel dell; The fisher, rocked upon the deep; THE SWISS DESERTER 41 The mother, ere her "bairnies" sleep; AustraHan herdsmen, as they roam. And settlers in a "New World" home; Sailors, amid the Atlantic main. And soldiers on the Indian plain: Joyful, or joyless, all in turns Sing the sweet songs of Robert Burns— Those miracles of matchless art, That nestle warmly in each heart! THE SWISS DESERTER. In Strasbourg's fortress old and strong, Began this sore mischance of mine: I heard an Alpine horn prolong Its echoes from across the Rhine. I heard — I plunged — and strove to gain My native shore, alas! in vain. 'Twas at the darkest hour of night When I, the homesick boy, was caught. And with my arms both pinioned tight Before the unpitying Captain brought. My mates had dragged me from the wave, And nought, O God, my life can save. To-morrow — at the hour of ten — Before the regiment I must stand. And humbly ask their pardon then, Obedient to the Chief's command: Doomed for my crime without delay. The penalty of Death to pay. 42 POEMS OF GEORCiK MURRAY Comrades! ye see me, l)c it known, For the last time on earth tcj-day: 'Twas the young herdsman who alone Caused that my life must pass away; His Alpine horn bewitched my youth To yearn for home — God knows the truth. Ye three, that armed with rifles stand, Loved comrades! hear my last desire — See that ye lift no trembling hand, Aim true together, when ye fire: Straight let each bullet pierce my heart, I ask this only ere w^e part. O Lord! who art the King of Heaven, Draw my poor soul to Thee on high: May all my frailties be forgiven By Thy great mercy ere I die. Hereafter, let me dwell with Thee, O Lord, my God, remember me! A DREAM ABOUT THE ASF EX. Oh! know^ ye why the aspen leaves so tremulously sigh When through the burning summer noon no breeze is heard on high. When the green canopies that crown the woodlands are at rest. And gladden faint wayfaring men with shadows calm and blest? A DREAM ABOUT THE ASPFX 43 In the dread h(Hir when God's own Son upon the Cross was nailed, The fierce red splendour of the sun in midnight gloom was veiled, Earth's bosom heaved, and girt around with darkness deep and still Men bowed, like frail wind-shaken reeds, before God's mighty will. With dim presentiment of woe, each beast concealed his form. And shrank within his cavern-home, as though beneath a storm; No bird-wing fluttered in the grove, or floated through the air, And Nature's heart had ceased to beat, wrung deeply by despair. Save that the shrouded trees and flowers still mur- mured low in thought. And wailing told of deeds of blood and justice set at nought. Of bigot priests and traitor hearts and faith for silver bought. The cedar groves on Lebanon a dirge-like music made, .And dark as night athwart the hills was flung their giant shade; While softly from a weeping tree, the tree of Babylon^ A \oice in lonely whisper sighed, " 'Tis finished — He is gone! " Then deeply down she hung her boughs within Euphrates' stream .And ever dreameth of His death a life-enduring dream. 44 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY Calmly beneath the eye of heaven the glowing vine- yards slept, The vintner watched the big bright tears that from the branches wept, And when the purple clusters dropped and the new wine was prest, Mindful he named it "Tears of Christ," and still that name is blest. But soon a vapour round the Mount arose with fra- grant flow. Breathed from the very soul of Love compassionating Woe, By the night-blooming violet to cool the burning brain Of Him whose thorn-encircled brow throbbed wildly in its pain. Mournfully spake the cypress then, " My branches I will wave In memory of this awful hour for ever by the grave; " And through the sultry dimness passed a gently-wafted breath. As to the Cross an Angel moved, stern messenger of death ; A sad voice groaned: " My God! my God! why hast thou me forsaken? " And all the trees and flowers with fear and agony were shaken. The Aspen shook not: she alone, a proud unpitying tree, Stood tearless, motionless beside the Mount of Cal- vary, A DREAM ABOUT THE ASPEN 45 And thus outspake that haughty one: "What reck we of thy pain? Why should we weep? We trees and flowers are free from sinful stain: Soon will my sisters cease to pine — this hour will soon be o'er — A bright epiphany of joy shall beam for evermore." Then Death's dark Angel took the cup, red with the Saviour's blood, And at the cold proud Aspen's root poured forth the mystic flood, And spake strange words, and by those words the miserable tree Was cursed, and every leaf was doomed a quivering leaf to be; And till that old, old curse be dead, her branches cannot rest. But still she feareth, trembleth still, when all is calm and blest. Scorn not the tale! Those thoughts were born within a child-like heart. E'en as the tears that in our eyes so oft unbidden start — Born like the strains that gush from out the forest- warbler's breast, That soft or shrill are bird-song still and may not be represt. Then scofT not at the simple tale, nor deem the legend wild. It was not woven that the ears of men might be be- guiled, 46 POEMS OF CKORC-l-: .MrRR.\\- But that men's eyes mij;lit trace the form of Triiih in Fiction's stream And read a world-old, (iod-framed law foreshadowed in a dream. Slowly 'tis learnt by heart, although by memory cjuickly caught — Faintly 'tis writ in tears upcni the tablets of the thought — i > ,<>" ;.:'\r\r.. yr Still, still that law of exile lives— the ban of Hea\en , , above — That " they who shut Love out shall be in turn shut out from Love." BROTHERLY LOVE; OR, THE SITE OF KING SOLOMON's TEMPLE. There is a sweet traditionary tale. (Dear to each brother of the Mystic Tie) Which, though recording but a simple deed, A simple deed — and yet how full of love — ■ I would that men might hear and take to heart. That tale's clear echo, like some lute that thril ■"Mid lordlier instruments, hath floated down Borne, like a perfume, on the breath of Time, From the dim age of Solomon the King. And even now its music is not dead. Nor can it die, so long as human hearts Feel the quick pulse of brotherhood leap high. BROTH KRLV LOVE 47 The har\'est moon was shining on the grain That wa\ed all golden in the fields around The stately city of Jerusalem. There — a few acres all the wealth they owned — Two brothers dwelt together, most unlike In outward form and aspect, but the same In deep unfailing tenderness of soul. Stalwart and strong, one brother drove the plough. Or plied the sickle with untiring arm, The while his fragile comrade seemed to droop Beneath the heat and burden of the day As one not fitted for the toils of life. Well knowing this, the elder brother rose At dead of night and woke his sleeping wife And said: "Dear heart, my brother is not strong: 111 hath he borne the burden of the day. Reaped the full grain, and bound the yelloW sheaves. I will arise and while my brother sleeps Will of my shocks take here and there a sheaf At random — that he may not note the loss-^ And add the grain, thus pilfered, to his store; And God well knoweth that we shall not miss The sheaves devoted to a brother's need." So, the man rose up in the dead of night And, as his great heart prompted, so he did. Now, while the younger pondered on his bed, l^nwitting of his brother's gracious deed. Kind thoughts, like Angels, visited his soul And thus lie spake, communing with himself, " Scant is iiiv harvest-^but I am alone, 48 POEMS OF GEORGE iMURRAY And thus it haps my harvest is not scant, Nor have I need to lay up store on earth, For death treads closely on the heels of life! Seeing that these things are so, let me do What good I may, before I travel hence And be no more. My brother has a wife And babes to work for — and he is not rich— From sunrise unto sunset though he toils. I will arise and while my brother sleeps, Will of my shocks take here and there a sheaf, And add the grain, thus pilfered, to his store; For 'tis not fitting that my share should be Equal to his, who hath more need than I." So he, too, rose up in the dead of night. And, as his great heart prompted, so he did. But all the time he wrought that loving deed, He trod the field with feather-footed care. And paused at times, and listened — while the sheaves Shook in his arms and every grain that dropped Left his face pallid as the moon's white ray. So, like a man with guilt upon his soul. Full of vain fears he wrought his task, and then Stole, like a shadow, to his lonely bed. And slept the sleep that cometh to the good. And thus these two, moved by the self-same love, Each on the other nightly did bestow The kindly boon, much wondering that his shocks Did show no loss, though robbed of many sheaves. At length one night — while tenderly the Moon Looked down from Heav'n on their unselfish love — BROTHERLY LOVE 49 The brothers met; the arms of both were filled With golden sheaves and then they understood The riddle that they could not read before. The simple tale (for, to the neighbours round Each brother fondly told his brother's deed), Soon through the garrulous streets was noised abroad Until 'twas whispered in the Royal Court And reached the ears of Solomon the King. Its pathos stole, like music, to his heart And stirred the fountain of delicious tears And thus he spake: "The ground whereon that deed Was wrought, henceforth is consecrated earth ; For, surely, it is sanctified by love. The love that loveth to do good by stealth. I, therefore, leagued with Hiram, King of Tyre. Who hews me cedar-trees on Lebanon And aided also by the Widow's Son, Cunning to work in silver and in gold, Will on that field erect the House of God Exceedingly magnifical and high — Because I ween that nowhere in the world A site more holy shall I ever find." So it was done according to his word : And God's own House was builded on the spot Where those two brothers in the moonlight met^ Each with the golden sheaves within his arms. 50 POEMS OF r,FX)Rr.E ^I^RR.\^' THE DAYS THAT ARE NO MORE. " 0, ((ill hack yesterday, bid lime return.'' Shakespeare Poor faded Mower, Thy pale dead form liath caused the tears to start And stirred the waters of my lonely heart With strange angelic power. Long years ago Ere life's glad sunshine languished into shade, Thou wast the fragrant offering of a maid Fair as the world can show. Let me call up The Past's dim ghost by memory's potent spell: One pearl at least is left, for which 'tis well To drain grief's bitter cup! 'Twas summer eve, And she and I, fair maiden and fond boy. Together wandered full of such deep joy As age can ne'er retrieve. The cherished scene Gleams through a mist of tears and memory sees The velvet turf, the patriarchal trees. The woodland cool and green. A silver lake Before us slumbered ; herds of timid deer With horns thrown back, came trooping to the mere P'rom manv a leafv brake: THE DAYS THAT ARE NO MORE 51 With large bright eyes And ears erect, they marked our coming feet, One moment paused, then vanished in retreat Swift as a falcon flies. A fairy boat Rocked on the ripples, captive to a bough ; I loosed its chain and oared the shallop's prow Through lily-leaves afloat. Eve's golden rays Streamed o'er our path; my sweet companion steered Straight for a greenly-wooded isle that peered Dimly through crimson haze. We did not speak: W'hen bliss is infinite, what need of speech? Our keel soon grated on the pebbly beach That fringed a sheltered creek. So strayed we on, Through shadowy aisles of close-embracing trees W'hose restless foliage murmured like the seas, A slumberous monotone. Green twinkling leaves L.it by slant sunbeams tremulously made Quaint shifting arabesques of light and shade Such as nought earthly weaves. The Zephyr's sigh And hum of insect-swarms alone were heard, Save when some squirrel leapt, or nestling bird Sang vespers from on high. 52 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY With silent joy We stood and gazed and listened. There was nought To mar the spell by one intrusive thought That might our dreams annoy. Each sense seemed drowned In waves of happiness; I turned to tell My soul's deep bliss to her who knew it well — Her looks perused the ground : There, flowering wild 'Mid emerald leaves and buds with ruby tips, Crimson and dewy as her own sweet lips, A fragrant blossom smiled. With loving heed I stooped to pluck it from its verdant nook, When she, with playfully capricious look. Stooped and forestalled the deed ; Then, arch coquette, She flashed upon me her bewildering eyes In saucy triumph and displayed the prize, And then — our fingers met: Her soft white hand Sent a keen shiver through my tingling frame — Each vein seemed glowing with a subtle flame That each pulsation fanned. I took the flower, I caught her hand and clasped it in my own And murmured vows in fond impassioned tone, Accordant with the hour. THE DAYS THAT ARE NO MORE 53 She did not check The heaving tides of passion's fiery flood, But the quick current of her tell-tale blood Rushed over face and neck: The faint pink flush Of dainty sea-shell, or deep-bosomed rose. Rich sunset hues asleep on virgin snows Scarce typify her blush. And then she sighed; The small white teeth within her lips apart Gleamed like the rain-drops that some bud's red heart Caressing, half doth hide. She did not move, Her eyes half closed in languor's dim eclipse — I pressed upon the blossom of her lips The first sweet kiss of love. Ah! me! Ah! me! Our fondest joys endure but for a day, While pains make nest-homes of our hearts and stay And so 'twill ever be. That maid is gone! She, whose rare nature formed my soul's delight, Long since to kindred angels took her flight And I am left alone! But there is balm Still for my woe; the memory of her smiles Back to youth's morning-land my heart beguiles And brings elysian calm. 54 POEMS OF 0F:0R0K AilRRA^' And thus I \ow, Though colour, beaut\', fragrance, all are lied From the pale flower that lies before me dead, I hold it sacred now: And I would fling The ciueenliest blooms aside that scent the breeze In odorous isles of blue Pacific seas. For this poor withered thing! THE DEAF GIRL. When childhood's laughing tones reveal Deep blessedness of heart, I feign the joy I long to feel And check the sobs that start; Shrouding the agony that lies Within my dim, tear-blinded eyes, Because on earth eternally The door of sound is closed for me, And man — man knoweth not the key! In solitude I love to dream Of what I may not hear. And muse how sweet a sound must seem, A human voice, how dear! Alas! that dreams which soothe and bless Should be so full of nothingness! I wake and all is mystery: The door of sound is closed for me, And man — man knoweth not the key! ■ THE NEAPOLITANS TO iMOZART 55 I shall not long be here on earth, My mother's eyes are wet: She felt, e'en when she gave me birth, My star would quickly set. I grow less earthly day by day, Then tell me why should death delay? God calls me home, God sets me free: The door of sound is closed for me. But oh! it shall not always be. My form is frail, my sight is dim. Life's tide is ebbing fast: My failing senses seem to swim And all will soon be past! Peace, peace! I hear sweet angel-tones Singing in Heaven round the thrones; One last brief prayer on bended knee — The door of sound is oped for me. But God, God only, held the key! THE NEAPOLITANS TO MOZART. Strange musical wizard! the spells of thine art Can ne'er but with life from our memory depart; The notes are now hushed, but their echo still rolls, Like a slow-ebbing tide, o'er our passionate souls. " In Italy they told little Mozart that it was his bewitched ring that accomplished all his feats on the piano, until he took off tha ring and quietly put it on the desk." — Tmiplr liar, for May, 18S6. p. 50. " We remember Mozart's being obliged to take off his ring, while per- forming at Naples. The poetical and music-loving public of that land of song could only account for his divine genius by the belief that a spirit inhabited the jewel on his finger." — Foreign Review, No. VII. 56 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY Fair Naples, thou know'st, is the home of sweet song. And thither earth's minstrels all lovingly throng; Inspired are the pilgrims who visit this shrine, But when have we known inspiration like thine? The kings of this world never heard on their thrones Such rare modulations, such jubilant tones; The music of dreams is less marvellous far Than the chords of thy ravishing harmonies are. With thy nostrils dilated, and tremulous lips, Thine eyes lit with glory that nought can eclipse, Thou seemest some Angel, and multitudes trace God's breath passing shadow-like over thy face. Where learnt thy weird fingers each exquisite strain That floods our c}uick spirits with pleasure or pain? Who taught thee to wake from mute ivory keys Low moans like deep thunder, sighs soft as the breeze? Our poets have chronicled oft in their rhyme Fantastic old legends of madness and crime. Of human souls bartered for gold, might, or fame, In compact with One whom we shudder to name. Is it thus thou hast gained supernatural skill? Hast thou mortgaged thy soul to the Spirit of 111? Away with thy harmony. Wizard — but no — Those tones are seraphic, it cannot be so. There are beings we know of celestial birth, Commissioned to haunt this dim planet of earth; Their silver-winged legions float ever in air, Our eyes may not see them, but still they are there: THE NEW YEAR'S NIGHT OF AN UNHAPPY MAN 57 Perchance some bright minister, now at thy side, To music's keen pathos thy fingers may guide; For, oh ! thy rapt strains in their tenderness seem Like snatches of angel-song heard in a dream. See! see! on thy finger there flashes a gem — Its radiance is fit for a king's diadem: Cast ofY that ring. Wizard! Some musical sprite Dwells shrined in that jewel's inefi^able light. Now, strike the still chords! Sweeter murmurs are heard Like the whispers of love, or the song of a bird. Our tears fall like rain. Stranger, give us thy prayers, Men have entertained Angels ere now unawares! THE NEW YEAR'S NIGHT OF AN UNHAPPY MAN. (From the prose of Jean Paul Richter) Once on a time, it was the New Year's Night, An old man at his window stood and gazed Upon the myriad-eyed and changeless Heaven, And on the pure white earth whereon there sighed No human soul so hopeless as his own. In mute despair he gazed upon his grave! The snows of age and not the green of youth Shrouded its blackness: and that woeful man Out of his whole rich life now thither brought Nought but a load of follies, sins, and cares; A wasted frame, a desolated heart, 58 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY And lone old age embittered with remorse. And now like ghosts the bright days of his youth Hovered about him : and he stood once more At Life's dread cross-road by his father's side. Its right-hand pathway led by sunny tracks Of virtue to a Paradise of peace Full of glad harvests and of glorious light; But the left strayed, through labyrinths of vice, Down to a dismal, poison-dropping cave. Where serpents darted mid the dark damp night. Ah! now those serpents writhed about his breast, Those poisoned droppings paralyzed his tongue, He learnt the error of his choice — too late! Crushed by despair he sobbed aloud to Heaven "Give back my youth, O God! and oh! my Sire, Place me once more upon that branching road, That once again my pathway I may choose." In vain — his father and his youth were gone! He saw strange lights that danced above the marsh And died within the grave-yard — and he sighed, "Those were my sinful days." He watched a star Shoot from the skies and glimmer to its fall To be extinguished on the gloomy earth ; "That star is I," he groaned, and fell Remorse Gnawed at his wounds again with serpent-fangs. Suddenly, music for the new-born year Like distant church-song floated from a tower. His soul was stirred — he gazed around the earth And mused upon the playmates of his youth. Who, happier now and holier far than he, THE NEW YEAR'S NIGHT OF AN UNHAPPY MAN 59 Were teachers of the world, world-honoured men, Fathers of loving children — and he cried : " I too, my Sire, might now have happy been, Thy New Year's bidding had I erst fulfilled!" He bowed his head — hot, penitential tears Streamed on the snow — again he softly sighed. Hopeless, unconscious almost, "Come again! O my lost Youth, come back!" It came again — For on that strange and solemn New Year's Night He had but dreamed. His youth was left him still — His errors only had not been a dream. With grateful soul he poured his thanks to God, That he was spared still young to turn aside From Sin's foul ways and follow the fair track That leads the pilgrim to a land of peace. Turn then aside with him, thou wayward youth, Who standest doubting on the road of Life ! This ghastly dream was pictured for thy sake. If e'er, grown old, in anguish thou shouldst cry, "Come back once more, O vanished Youth, come back!" The golden years can never more return. 60 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY THE SOWER. (From the French of Victor Hugo ) Peaceful and cool, the twilight grey Draws a dim curtain o'er the day, While in my cottage-porch I lurk And watch the last lone hour of work. The fields around are bathed in dew, And, with emotion filled, I view An old man clothed in rags, who throws The seed amid the channeled rows. His shadowy form is looming now High o'er the furrows of the plough ; Each motion of his arm betrays A boundless faith in future days. He stalks along the ample plain, Comes, goes, and flings abroad the grain; Unnoted, through the dreamy haze With meditative soul I gaze. At last, the vapours of the night Dilate to heav'n the old man's height, Till every gesture of his hand Seems to my eyes sublimely grand! THE LAMP OF HERO 61 THE LAMP OF HERO. (From the French of Louise Ackermann.) When Hero's lover, reckless of the storm, Each night more hungry for his stealthy bliss, Swam the swift channel to the trembling form That waited with a kiss; A Lamp, with rays that welcomed from afar. Streamed through the darkness, vigilant and bright, As though in Heav'n some large immortal star Unveiled its throbbing light. The scourging billows strove to blind his eyes, The winds let loose their fury on the air. And the scared sea-gulls shrieked discordant cries. Foreboding death's despair; But from the summit of the lonely tower The Lamp still streamed above the waters dim And the bold swimmer felt redoubled power Nerve each exhausted limb. As the dark billows and the winds at strife Whelmed in their wrath the love-sick boy of old, So, round humanity the storms of life Since Time was born have rolled. But while each lightning-flash reveals a tomb Which yawns insatiate for each wretch that cowers In the same dangers, and the same dense gloom The same true Lamp is ours. 62 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY Through the dull haze it glimmers, dim and pale, The winds and waters struggle but in vain. In clouds of foam the guiding star to veil. For still it gleams again. And we, with faces lifted to the sky. Filled with fresh hopes, the raging billows cleave. Faint but encouraged by the light on high Our venture to achieve. Pharos of Love! that in the blackest night Dost guide our course amid the rocks and shoals, O Lamp of Hero! fail not with thy light To cheer our sinking souls! THE FUNERAL OF A VILLAGE GIRL. (From the French of Julien-Auguste Brizeux.) When fair Louise, half child, half woman, died Like some frail blossom crushed by wind and rain, Her bier was followed by no mourning train. One priest alone accompanied, who sighed Brief prayers, to which in accents soft and low, A boy-attendant answered, full of woe. Louise was poor: in death, our common lot, The rich have honours which the poor have not. A simple cross of wood, a faded pall, These were her funeral honours, this was all ; And when the sexton from the cottage room Conveyed her light young body to the tomb, A bell tolled faintly, as if loath to say THE KEEPER'S SON 63 So sweet a maiden had been called away. 'Twas thus she died — and thus, by hill and dale, 'Mid broom whose fragrance floated on the gale, And past green cornfields, at the dawn of day, The scant procession humbly took its way. • April had lately burst upon the earth In all the glory that attends her birth, And tenderly upon the passing bier She snowed her blossoms and she dropped her tear. Flowers, pink and white, arrayed the hawthorn now, While starry buds were trembling on each bough. Sweet scents and harmonies the air caressed And every bird was warbling in its nest. THE KEEPER'S SON. (From the French of Andre Theuriet.) Black is the night and as though in fight Their arms the trees of the forest wave, And not a sound can be heard around, But rain that rushes and winds that rave. The doors are shut in yon woodland hut : An aged sire and his fearless sons. Three poachers keen, with a bloodhound lean Crouch in the thicket and load their guns. Within the gloom of that hut's low room An infant sleeps by the grandam's bed, While a maiden fair near the slumbering pair Sits at a spindle with drooping head. 64 POEMS OF GEORGE MURRAY A flickering lamp through the midnight damp Illumes her cheek with a feeble light, Aiding to trace a sweet flower-like face And curls that stray o'er a neck snow-white. Fair is her form, but her bosom warm Fitfully heaves like the ocean's breast: Is it fright or care, or the stifling air, Or waiting, that causes her wild unrest? The hinges weak of the frail door creak And a rainy squall from the outer gloom Driveth a boy, the fair maiden's joy, Into the shadowy silent room. Clasped in her arms, he rebukes alarms. And cries: " Sweet Alice, what need of fright?"" She pleadeth, " Oh! speak soft and low: My grandam's slumber is ever light! " Their hearts beat high with ecstasy And the maiden wipes, while she softly speaks. The raindrops cold that like tears have rolled Down her boy-lover's white brow and cheeks. |
sn83016751_1858-06-10_1_6_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | Vasii.si.tis, May dl Mocsa.— After the discussion, the difficulties with Paruguay, in which Messrs. Kitchie, Is; tcher, Crawford, Davis, and others took part, and the passage of the joint resolution by a vote of 11 to 9, the House went into committee on the supposition of the Indian appropriation bill, which was rationally passed. Mr. Smith, of Virginia, made a speech in defense of his former position on the Kansas question in connection with the course of the democratic portion of the Illinois delegation complaining that Mr. Marshall, of Illinois, had preferred his remarks. Mr. Marshall disavowed any personal feeling on the occasion to which allusion was made, but reiterated his stance of Mr. Hoagland and the Illinois -Negation, whom he said Mr. Smith had said. He said that he had used no principle of the democratic party as Mr. Marshall had done. Mr. Smith replied, what he did on the Kansas and other questions was... Dictated by his own judgment. He believed never, like Mr. Smith, put up and read men out of the Democratic party. Mr. Morris, of Illinois, said that Mr. Smith's objective today was to assail and abuse the reputation of Mr. Douglas, whose stance Mr. Smith is unworthy to unloose Mr. Smith— I will not stand such offensive language. Mr. Morris, that in the face of your plea, the chairman, Mr. Hoosock, reminded Mr. Morris that personal remarks could not be indulged in. Mr. Morris replied, producing an affidavit from a constituent who was present at a certain private conversation in Mr. Morris' room, at the commencement of the session, to show that Mr. Smith made an untrue statement concerning him. He charged Mr. Smith with having been elected on a Know Nothing ticket, and official to produce evidence of the fact. This was the man who undertook to read the senator Wise, Judge Douglas and other democrats out of the party. All amendments were made that if one or both regiments for Utah or the frontier service is used with the money appropriated for them shall revert to the Treasury, and not be used for any other purpose. The bill was then reported to the House. The House went into Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, and took up the first bill million loan bill. A general debate followed. Mr. Smith wished to reply, but various objections were made. Mr. Stanton said that Mr. Smith had already occupied an hour. This subject ought not to have been settled here today. The House ought to proceed to till the House. The committee then took up the bill making appropriations for the support of the three. Regiments of volunteers. I.!>fancy Joimm said that one of them is needed in my event for the protection of the frontier of Texas. He had kept back this bill till now, in order if possible to get information from Texas to justify the Executive in doing so using with the other two, but was sorry to use it that no such reliable intelligence had reached Washington. They may be wanting, but will not be called out unless they involve absolutely necessary to enforce the law. Mr. U.S. Brown, of New York, gave notice that he would, at the earliest possible opportunity, press the river and harbor bill. Mr. Jones, in response to a question by Mr. Gilman, of Maine, said he was satisfied that there was official information of the fact that Col. Kane had made a proposal to Gov. Cunningham who had gone to Utah for the purpose of hearing what Brigham Young had to say. From that time, he had reached Washington. Hunt—A resolution providing for evening sessions was adopted. Mr. Houston of Texas made an model annual attempt to leave the Mexican protective resolutions taken up. The resolutions on the subject of irrigation, asgressions were considered. Mr. Toombs, of Georgia, read his remark. On Saturday, that he wanted the British ships taken. The resolutions are not worth the paper they are written on. Mr. Hammond, of South Carolina, disagreed with the Senate from Georgia. He was not willing to be smuggled into war by an anxious to unmitigated amendment. If the British acts are not high, let us throw with all due solemnity the burden of war if we must have war, let us draw with full consideration. A war with England will be the most momentous event that has happened in the last ten years. The most recent events have been so sudden or late, inevitable, and when it should come, it would be bridged. Flighted would be riding on her fall. Let us avail ourselves of the chance afforded by the most recent events to avoid until it is forced upon us, an event which, whenever it comes, will change the face of human affairs. Mr. Britten, of Kentucky, also spoke in a conservative tone voting the Senate to show nothing rashly to prove with him and deliberate. But caution steps the radical actions of the committee on foreign affairs at fair or unexpected expressions of the sentiments of the American people, and it would be unworthy of all great nation to make in unalterable actions, last Kughus. In the midst of the tumult, we resolve that we must not be in a position to enter into any discussion on this subject. We have to deal with Mr. Toombs that we cannot agree to discuss the right of visitation or search. It will be unworthy of this government to enter into any discussion on these subjects, we have to deal with a solution only, and to resolve to discuss them and for the future. Mr. Wilson, of Massachusetts, having resigned, but announced, said it was not in order, made it necessary to declare war. The resolution was given to sink or capture the offending vessels. Mr. Mills, of Florida, then moved a joint resolution that the President be authorized to issue the outrage at once. The miscellaneous appropriation bill then came up; there were no discussions until after the House adjourned. The House then adjourned. Of the report touching the sale of Fort Halle, Mr. Morrill, of Vermont, spoke of the great wrong done in the sole of the reservation. A frank and honorable man, called in the position of the Secretary of War, who, after four years of arduous and painstaking service, would have frankly admitted the fact, and corrected it, but instead of that, there was not only a remarkable, persistent, and studied effort to justify, but an attempt to establish that he was right in relation to the deliberate condemnation of its pre-premium proceedings. No concern in the catastrophe was more closely looked up than was this transaction. No one could, however, know of the Secretary what was going on. He, Mr. Morrill, reviewed the test in the New York and Virginia combination, arguing that the property was sold for less than its value, and insisting that the House should place the seal of its disbursement upon the whole manner in which the sale was effected. Mr. Faulkner, of Virginia, followed, expressing his commendation of the tone and spirit of the report of the minority of the committee, the ability of which was displayed in presenting this transaction to the country in a light wholly different from what the testimony warranted. An report, he had no hesitation in saying that it was more characterized by partisan filling than any denomination heretofore made to Congress. The speech of the gentleman from Vermont (Mr. Morrill) was marked by the same spirit. The document was too amenable and inaccurate in its statements and evidence. The committee omitted to do justice to the Secretary of War on the only virtual and exclusive point. They were reputed to ascertain whether there was any corruption in the high places of the government, and if so to bring the offender to punishment. There was not a syllable in the testimony injuriously affecting the official character and purity of the Secretary of War, and this fact should have been chiefly attributed to the House. He showed that the Fort Ringing Reception was useless for military purposes to the government. "The Legislative Assembly and Constitutional Convention of Minnesota unification the government to sell it. The land commanded a higher price than any similar consideration of the government, except the little spot within the corporate limits of Chicago. Mr. Morris, of Illinois, understood that the Willett's Point committee would report tomorrow at an early date as that subject and that were somewhat similar. He thought they should be considered together. The same parties who purchased Fort Hunching, a few days before sold to the government. Mr. Florence, of Yumville, said that Mr. Morris knew more than he did, if the committee was going to report tomorrow. Mr. Morris replied that he was so informed by the committee. Mr. Dawes, of Massachusetts, having read the report and audience, had come to the conclusion to support the condensation of the committee. The sale of Fort Hadling for the price to certain persons, and at the time was the consummation of a scheme laid in the time of the post Administration, and turned out in the present, under the eyes of the Secretary of War, in such a manner that blindness to it was a grievous official fraud. He did not cure what the property brought, the House had to do with the secret sale, and with the assistance of the favorites who took rich slices of the public domain to their heart's content. At any price, Mr. Sharp, "I connected," said the movement was set on foot for the purpose of gratifying the spirit of political dishonesty, which serves to establish its own purity and dignity by basing disgrace on those citizens to whom it was given. The whole result of the committee, from beginning to end, in its statements, arguments, as they were, were not only against the policy of the administration, but also against the policy of the administration. Union, and conclusions, bears unmistakably evidence of a due party scheme against one of the chief officers of the government. Whom he had been honored as the successor of Secretary of War. He concluded that Secretary Floyd's course was in accordance with law and therefore not void as the committee asserts. The Secretary was bound to dispose of Fort Ringling's building as long as necessary for military purposes. Sarsay. —The miscellaneous civil appropriation bill was further discussed. Mr. Seward moved an amendment that the public lands of Kansas shall not be offered at public sale, until the expiration of one year from next November, which was lost by the following vote: yeas 11, nays 11. Mr. Mason of Virginia, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, reported a bill authorizing the Executive to employ force to protect the rights of our citizens from our aggressions by foreign nations, having a separate reference to Central and South America. This is the second resolution adopted by Mr. Mason, slightly altered. Messrs. Mosby, Houston, and Houston were appointed as the committee to investigate the matter. Following the adjournment, Mr. S. Warner, of New York, expressed strong approval of the resolution. He was unwilling to involve the country in a war with all the nations of America with our own. Mr. Hightman, in a speech, announced an amendment to the constitution, which was voted down by a majority of 7 votes. Mr. Dimes moved an amendment to the constitution, which was defeated by a majority of 7 votes. Mr. Dimes moved an amendment to the constitution, which was defeated by a majority of 7 votes. Mr Pugh next uiovnl to strike out ad the •pprapriatiowhw hfr boat* xml iite saviag the vveeklv pioneer and democrat statxgis on tlx; atiantic coast with tlie view he said, of ascertaining whether the north western states were to bare justb* or wbvtb* r they were mere cooqu' rcd prov- i inces. Mr. Beword dn-larcd he c-»un«l not sup j>ort any such proposal and the Senate votc.l it down bv 31 against 17. Mr. Folk moved to reduce tlie appropria- j lion for theooost Surrey from 2d,000 dollars to 1 :>,OOO dollars. ' The Inb mol Improvement bill then came up, aisl was debated at great length by tbe fncii-ls of International lm[govement. The North western Senators espi-cially, intrisiu cing am- ndm-nt after amendment fora[>|iro (iriation* for Uakex, Hive a, and Harbors, mt no action was taken ou them up to tlx mis*, at four o'clock. At six o'clock, tin debate was reminuxl, when Mr. new* >1 made a powerful appeal for Wextern intur.sU- The <|uc*tion being on Mr. Chambers propreition to provide H - t.tkJO for tlx- im provemeut of tlx: St. Clair rial*, it v>, 10-t Ny a tic vote, 7!o trj 20. IVhereupin, Mr I'ugli iuove-1 an am-'n-lment, which was vir tually to mgialt the whole river and har bor hill as an additional w-ciion to this bill, and asking appropriations lor the hubor* ol Chicago, Milwaukee-. Hbebsygan. Ht. -lix sutills. Montreal, Ht. Clair Fats Cleveland, Ilur-iri, tiraiid Itiver, Ashtabula, l/insing burg, lliilfido. (jenncwire, Hwxlusky, Osw, go, liurlirigton, and a lew otht-rx, amouutuiv to over 94f>0,000. Also. SI ,000 for the Ked Itiver raft. Washington, June 2. — The house was of no public interest till one o'clock, when Mr. Mason pronounced the resolution concerning the British aggressions, the special order for Saturday noon. Mr. Houston, of Texas, tried to bring up his resolution in reference to the protection of the protection of the United States. In speaking to the resolution in aid of the government of this nation, he did not interpose in the matter of the government of this nation, but he did not interpose in the matter of human nature in Mexico, as men will be found who will not shrink from infringing to protect their rights and the rights of their fellow citizens. He himself could not hesitate if necessity demanded him to do so; they who do will never be liable to the name of filibusters or unwilling to the reproach of the United States. There was a sense of opinion by the Senate, that if the Senate should decide to take up the resolution, it would be a vote of confidence. Mr. Hunter here suggested that the Senator would accept the Senate's expression of opinion as decisive. A vote was taken with the following result: yeas 11, nays 30. The miscellaneous appropriation bill was taken up. Mr. Harris, of Illinois, from the Committee on Elections, reported in favor of. The meeting of Mr. Harris, of Maryland, vacant, on the ground of fraud and violence in his election. The House resumed the consideration of the Fort Hneiling report. Mr. Clark, of New York, offered a series of resolutions, the first of which, that the judiciary department, reported by the Select Committee as to the recent sale of the Fort Hneiling reservation has failed to exhibit any fact or circumstances impeaching the personal or official integrity of the Secretary of War. Adopted. 133 against 110. Mr. Hussell, of New York, moved to file the whole subject; lost. The second resolution of Mr. Clark, which declares that the management of the sales by the agents authorized by the Secretary to conduct the same, was injudicious and improper, and recommended by reason of the want of publicity in the exclusion of that assumption among persons desirous of purchasing, which, under the circumstances, should have been permitted was adopted— 1st against. Mr. Clark's other two resolutions were adopted, disapproving of the terms of the sale, and directing that the evidence taken by the Select Committee is transmitted to the Secretary of War, to the end that in conjunction with the Attorney General he may act. On such occasions in response to the suit, the public interests may require. The following, by Mr. Clark's motion for the resolution of the majority of the committee, Mr. Clark's motion for the resolution of the majority of the committee. Mr. Cummings of Virginia moved to table the whole subject. It is agreed to by five majority. The first resolution was declared by five majority. In Virginia, the motion was agreed to—sustained against 7-1. Several bills of no service importance were introduced, including that allowing full pay to a commander of the navy to the widow of Captain Herndon. Mr. Harr, Illinois, called up the report of the committee on Elections, requesting to be discharged from the further consideration of the memorial of M.M.J. Fuller asking admission, delegate from Utah, next in favor of Kingsbury's right to be at a delegate from Minnesota, or the territory outside of the State limits. The majority of the Committee on Elections he said, to the ground that where an act of Congress establishes a territorial government and fixes the amount of territory, the carving out of the same, not inconsistent with said law by implication. Mr. Washburn, of Maryland, expressed the views of Mr. Harr. Mexico, Wilson, of Illinois, and Clara of California, and others. In the midst of the minority report that Mr. Fulk has the latest convention being called to a seat, having already been voted for, the State limits of Arizona. Mr. Hughes, therefore, and his associates, an amendment that the admission of the State of Missouri dissolved the territorial or general election and that no one had a right to the seat as designated until it was authorized by statute. The Committee on Territories ought to maintain into the treaty and convention with which the treaty was violated. From Washington, just as letters from Arizona to the Senate. Mowry, Delegate from that Territory, state that it is probable Peachient, Governor of Sonora, will declare that State independence in the event of the success of the United States Government. The news confirms previous statements regarding the correspondence between Peabody and parties in the United States. Arizona continues much disturbed by the predictions—murders and robberies; and there being no court of law the violence remains unchecked. The intelligence from the silver mines is highly encouraging; fresh discoveries had been made. Teron was nearly deserted by the people going to the New River gold digging at Canada. More, 30 miles distant. Enlargement from California was on the issue and a party was about being brought from San Francisco for the establishment of a newspaper at Teron. The people were anxiously expressing a Territorial government. The decretory of War has indicated his intention of sending troops to Arizona as soon as possible. Mr. Heringanx's report was unanimously concurred in by the committee, and is accompanied by a resolution requiring the President to obtain redress on account of the French government relative to the United States. American bark Adriatic. The report also recommends a revision of the laws in reference to collisions. At the end of the debate, the debate on the Fort Ringing Harbor resolution was continued till the adjournment of the House. The Senate rejected several important amendments to the Miscellaneous Appropriation bill, and then adjourned. New York, June 1. — The steamer Harbin, from Hamburg via Southampton, arrived here today, with London dates to May 11. The Canada arrived out on the 17th. Nothing important done in Paris until the 17th. The debate on the Indian Hill was resumed in the Commons but no action had been had up to the 18th. Telegraphic despatches from Bombay, received from Malta, state that Assingen was relieved on the 10th of April, by Gen. Seaton, with but trivial loss. Gen. Seaton defeated the rebels near Fatingburg, killing and wounding 7,000, and capturing their guns and ammunition. A body of rebels in the Multpahans had been defeated. Also, a large body of rebels in the Hanover hills; 600 captured. British troops had defeated his advance upon Culp, in consequence of the recent denunciation of the rebels upon British. A Nietina despatch says the Monongaans had attacked. In the park, near Gruhovo and nearly annihilated their whole force, killing their commander, Kiumel Faselui, and capturing all their guns. The Montineux Gazette reports that 200 killed and wounded. The Turks numbered 1,000; the Montineux Gazette, 5000. The London Times says rumors are prevalent in political circles concerning the intentions of France towards Belgium, that at Brussels, the prospect of a French invasion was a similar topic of discussion. The Cologne Gazette says that fortifications at Königsberg are to be considerably strengthened, and its additional forts are to be erected at Spandau. The ship Plenix, from Mobile, arrived at Liverpool, May 1st, with six crew and passengers of the ship Grand Duchess. Of Boston, which was burned at sea, on the 11th. She was from New York, bound for Liverpool, and when discovered was in a most critical condition, but her passengers and crew were all saved, vessel and cargo total loss. Three Australian vessels arrived at London on the 17th bringing nearly 100,000 ounces of gold. Hostilities had been suspended between Turkey and Montenegro in the Liverpool cotton market, the sales of 2 days were 12,000 twits, including 2000 on speculation and for export. The market closed with a slight advantage to buyers. The London market is unchanged on American wheat. Havana, June 2. The Royal Mail Steamship America, Captain Montgomery, from Liverpool, on Saturday, May 22, arrived at 12 o'clock this morning. The crew of the steamship Kangaroo, from New York on the 11th of May, arrived at Liverpool on the 22nd ult. Six-carried mail, the political news by this arrival is of much interest in the House of Commons. Mr. Cardwell had withdrawn his motion regarding the government for the publication of the dispatch to the Governor-General of India. The Derby Ministry has thus achieved a virtual triumph. Another important item is that. The King of Naph- had in effect, not only the demands of England for indemnity to the impoverished engineers, but also with her military defense. There is nothing later from India. The great shipyard of the Royal Navy came off on the 10th of May, and was won by the ship Hawley's flagship. Bear, the captain, was a distinguished figure in the American war. A dispatch from the Telegraph Company of the Atlantic Telegraph Company came in the American route to New Foundland. To make preparations for it, the cable St. Trinity Bay. The telegraph fleet had assembled at Plymouth, and would sail on the experiment trip in a few days. It consists of the Niagara. Again, via the Niagara. Great in and Providence The London Times - the last day today, the treaty is permanent and there is no power on either side to abrogate it. It was very clear that having been conceived, her purpose of constitution. The Treaty at that various governments are making preparations against an anticipated crisis. The weather continued favorable for the crops, and supply was liberal. Flour dull. Wheat dull, and sales unimportant. Corn dull, and 6 pence lower. Sir James Hawley, whose horse won the Derby, is reported to have won £40,000. Mr. Ten Broct's horse, Babylon, ran for one of the prizes but came in last. The Oaks stakes were won by Goveraess. Terrific Tornado Monmouth, May 31.—A terrible tornado visited an easterly direction over the village of Ellisou about twelve miles southwest of this place last evening about five o'clock. Every dwelling in the place except three small shanties were blown to the ground. Fifteen persons were killed, several others fatally injured. Fellow contains about 300 inhabitants, and it is reported that not one escaped injury. It is impossible to get full particulars tonight. The excitement here is intense. U.tllioad Accident, Toi.kiio, June 2. —The passenger train on the Michigan Southern Railroad, bound west, which left here at 11:13 a.m. today, had its third and fourth passenger cars thrown from the track near Sylvania, from some unknown cause. Four or five persons were slightly injured. No bones broken and no one killed. Detroit, June 2. —The 20 mile race over the Hackensack course today, between the Buffalo horse, Cuknown, and the Detroit horse, Frank U. ranger, was won by the latter; this time, 27 minutes, 30 seconds. The 30 mile race advertised between the same horses did not come off. New York, June 1. The steam frigate Wabash sailed today for Jamaica. The recent action of the School Trustees in some of our Wards, in banishing the Bible from our Schools, is creating much excitement. The United American Mechanics have taken the matter up, and a meeting was held last night of delegates from all the Chapters, to determine on measures for opposing this alleged attempt of Roman Catholics to get control of our public schools. It is understood that a general committee of the Protestant American Association is also organized for the purpose. New York, July 2. —The Herald Washington correspondent says that reliable information has been received that the British cruisers had fired into an American vessel off Pensacola, and one man was killed. Furthermore, that the United States steamer Fulton had gone in charge of the cruiser. The report concerning the steamers Fulton and Styx is believed to be false. The rumor has been current here for three days, but up to last night the government had no information on the subject. PrrKßsiicß.., Ya.. Juts' I.—The schoon er Kcsiuh. of Wilmington, Del.. Capt. Bay IK*. cleared from lliis isirt on Saturday night. Since then several slaves have been fisind missing, and a steamer was sent to overhaul the kcsiali. which she did beiow City Point. Five slaves were found on Imard Tlw captuin, crew and slaves were brought back here, ami lodged in jail. The excitement was intense. Two thousand people were ui the whart when the steamer landed. W \khinuton, June I. Ixird Napier has desired his despatches to Admiral Stuart, «nt front Washington yesterday, to lie lor wardid from Halilux by special steamer to Bermuda, lb ha- advised the Admiral to order a discontinuance of tlie visitation of American vessels, pending the instructions fr->rn Her Majeaty’s government Washington, Jane I. Hot sic.—The Sp'aker announced .vs a Special Committee on the memorial of American artists. Mr. Marshallol Ky. Keittof ri. C.. Taylor of N. Y . Harris of Pa , and Pendleton of Ohio. The Hmise then passed the Indian deficiency bill, and the three regiment vol iiiitis r appropriation bills, the latter by 101 against tin. {)• shkc .f «no 1 Tiie steamship Indian, from Liverpool I‘Jth nit.. Arrived at this port about noon today, the boatmen at River do Is'U[ic fail'd to obtain ucr news. The political news by the Indian contains almost nothing in aihlition to advi -s by the llarmotiia at New York Sr ls>' l*. June I.—Tlie American Con vention nu t here y sterday, and nominated Judge 11. P. (iambic to represent the ret. Louis district in Congress. The Judge has not yet signified his acceptance of the honor. The Eastman Express train on the C. W. R. R. ran into a wagon, killing a man and severely injuring a woman—the wife of the deceased. Friar Dot in the case put his eyes on the picture at the Woman's Convention in New York, and stirred up the men with all the confidence of an old cock—What could women do? He believed that she could do everything that man could do, and by doing everything that men do, she would assign herself to man if women would do as men did, they would look mathematically what men did, and be able to do what men did. That is to say, women would only imitate men. It will make them hardy. Fact is that has been tried a great many times with very poor success. They have found it made easier to adopt men's vacuity to acquire vigor, originality, and foresight, character. Many a woman has unrivaled as to all that is graceful, capable, and excellent in woman, without getting anything manly in return, but breeches in modesty and excellence. Bo the beguiled by the speech, used in black, free Im n r As H k> • mid for the for ft ■ 1'i ■ The Methodist Church South on Slavery The Quarterly Conference of the Methodist Church, recently in session at Nashville adopted the following resolutions by a vote of 140 to 8 : Resolved, 1. By the delegates of the Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, rethren in general Conference assembled, that the rule forbidding the buying and selling of men, women, and children, with the intent on to enslave them," be expunged from the General Rules of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Received. 2. That in adopting the foregoing resolution, this Conference expresses no opinion in regard to the African slave trade, to which the rule in question has been understood to refer. Provision was made for submitting the above resolutions to each of the Annual Conference for their concurrent action, and if they vote to expunge the rule, the Bishop is to direct the Book Editor to expunge it accordingly. An Injunction in the United States Supreme Court at Washington has made a highly important decision in regard to the taxation of lands in the new States and Territories. The public lands belonging to the United States are not subject to taxation, and the decision of the Supreme Court is, that the title of the lands sold at the various land offices remain in the United States until the patent is usual to the purchaser, and consequently no State, or Territory, has any right to levy a tax upon land for which the purchaser has not yet received his patent from the United States Government. The decision will, no doubt, be a cause of joy to those who, during a few years past, bought large quantities of Government land, and have not yet received patents for it. It will also tend to diminish the State revenue derived from Ac. The whole thing seems to be a parody upon the constitution of the “Jessie Circles" of the K. N. Republicans in the last Presidential campaign. Archbishop Hughes deems it of sufficient importance to be noted in a card, in which he says: “I owe it to the candor, the honorable impartiality and kindness which I have experienced, even in the worst of times, at the hands of the press, to state at once, and in the most emphatic manner, that so far as I am conscious of truth and of my own thoughts and actions, there is not a syllable in the article referred to that is not equally false and malicious. The object of the writer and publisher is evidently to inflame the minds of a portion of our people by a statement which, if it prove true, would render me unfit to live in a civilized community—but which, so far as I am concerned, or anyone else with my knowledge or consent, is a false as if it came immediately from the father of liars. A Bk u Tin i. Trio.—It will be extremely gratifying to the honest people of this country to know, as they probably will in the course of a few weeks, that the Kansas imbroglio and the Utah complication are both at an end, together with the Florida war, and that the heroes of the disturbances of the war have emigrated from the United States. Late theatre of their exploits. It would not take him long to recover his host fortune. Mr. Cass, Jr.. Rksl'.nino. —The Wash ington correspondent ol the Tribute tbu* telegraphs under date ol May 27 : Mr. la-wis Care. jr , has resigned his mis sion at Rome, tlie resignation to take -ffi* t when his successor shall lie appointed Tlie administration wants applicants. It is said that he Mind tb< place rather too hot tor him alter an occurrence which ha- excited much comment. As Isrip vt. (’onvkrtbd.—Tie Kcgii-h i rresp"!. fnt of the / '*>'• *H‘ 9 * rites Thomas Cooper, the noted s***pt!C. and author ot IPltpK .• ' fk - |m r-—'* t.■ l v become icon ft lo I iriitii gity . a*-. I after having sp nt ’i. fly y-a-s o( h:s life in leetaring »vd writing «r*m«t the Bible, be is now striving to make re pa raimci t«»r Use m-w .i>‘f fa; lu i-t iiave i< o by lecturing *a d'-f nee of the >acres) acr j* ture». A kirk in Havana have ■•btam-si ;*trm»- a.-.,n to lav lown a>- >mar..i ’f. -graf a Irm- Cuba to K>y West. Florida T.» » >rk wiii b*' *p'' , .s!"y prorevdcil » th. |
r_G_SPS_NIND164_1 | WTO | Various open data | G/SPS/N/IND/164
19 janvier 2017
(17-0361) Page: 1/2
Comité des mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires Original: anglais
NOTIFICATION
1. Membre notifiant : INDE
Le cas échéant, pouvoirs publics locaux concernés:
2. Organisme responsable : Food Safety and Standards Authority of India - FSSAI (Autorité
de la sécurité sanitaire des produits alimentaires et des normes alimentair es de l'Inde)
3. Produits visés (Prière d'indiquer le(s) numéro(s) du tarif figurant dans les listes
nationales déposées à l'OMC . Les numéros de l'ICS devraient aussi être indiqués,
le cas échéant) : Révision des normes pour le sucre de palme, ou jagré, et la saccharine
sodique (qualité alimentaire) et des normes pour la saccharine calcique (qualité
alimentaire)
4. Régions ou pays susceptibles d'être concernés, si cela est pertinent ou faisable:
[X] Tous les partenaires commerciaux
[ ] Régions ou pays spéc ifiques:
5. Intitulé du texte notifié : Draft Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and
Food Additives) Amendment Regulations, 2017 (Projet de Règlement modificatif de 2017
concernant la sécurité sanitaire des produits alimentaires et les nor mes alimentaires
(Normes alimentaires et additifs alimentaires)) . Langue(s) : anglais . Nombre de
pages : 4
6. Teneur : Le projet de règlement modificatif de 2017 concernant la sécurité sanitaire des
produits alimentaires (Normes alimentaires et additifs alim entaires) prévoit la révision des
normes pour le sucre de palme, ou jagré, et la saccharine sodique (qualité alimentaire) et
des normes pour la saccharine calcique (qualité alimentaire).
7. Objectif et raison d'être : [X] innocuité des produits alimentaire s, [ ] santé des
animaux, [ ] préservation des végétaux, [ ] protection des personnes contre les
maladies ou les parasites des animaux/des plantes, [ ] protection du territoire
contre d'autres dommages attribuables à des parasites.
8. Existe -t-il une nor me internationale pertinente ? Dans l'affirmative, indiquer
laquelle:
[ ] Commission du Codex Alimentarius (par exemple, intitulé ou numéro de
série de la norme du Codex ou du texte apparenté) :
[ ] Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) (par exempl e, numéro de
chapitre du Code sanitaire pour les animaux terrestres ou du Code
sanitaire pour les animaux aquatiques) :
[ ] Convention internationale pour la protection des végétaux (par exemple,
numéro de la NIMP) :
[X] Néant G/SPS/N/IND/164
- 2 -
La réglementation projetée est -elle conforme à la norme internationale
pertinente?
[ ] Oui [ ] Non
Dans la négative, indiquer, chaque fois que cela sera possible, en quoi et
pourquoi elle diffère de la norme internationale:
9. Autres documents pertinents et langue(s) dans laquelle (le squelles) ils sont
disponibles : Projet de fichier n° Stds/SCSS&H/Notification(03)/FSSAI -2016:
http://www.fssai.gov.in/home/fss -legislation/wto -notificat ions/wto -sps-notifications.html
(disponible en anglais)
10. Date projetée pour l'adoption (jj/mm/aa) : À déterminer
Date projetée pour la publication (jj/mm/aa) : À déterminer
11. Date projetée pour l'entrée en vigueur : [ ] Six mois à compter de la date d e
publication, et/ou (jj/mm/aa) : Entrée en vigueur à la date de publication au Journal
officiel
[ ] Mesure de facilitation du commerce
12. Date limite pour la présentation des observations : [X] Soixante jours à compter
de la date de distribution de la no tification et/ou (jj/mm/aa) : 20 mars 2 017
Organisme ou autorité désigné pour traiter les observations : [ ] autorité
nationale responsable des notifications, [X] point d'information national.
Adresse, numéro de fax et adresse électronique (s'il y a lieu) d' un autre
organisme:
Mr P. K arthikeyan
Assistant Director
SPS Enquiry Point
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road
New Delhi - 110002 (Inde)
Téléphone : +(011) 2323 1681
Fax: +(011) 2322 0994
Courrier électronique: barani [email protected]
Site Web: http://www.fssai.gov.in/
13. Texte(s) disponible(s) auprès de : [ ] autorité nationale responsable des
notifications, [X] point d'information national . Adresse, numéro de fax et adresse
électron ique (s'il y a lieu) d'un autre organisme:
Site Web de l'Autorité de la sécurité sanitaire des produits alimentaires et des normes
alimentaires de l'Inde (FSSAI): http://www.fssai.gov.in/.
Mr P. K arthikeyan
Assistan t Director
SPS Enquiry Point
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road
New Delhi - 110002 (Inde)
Téléphone : +(011) 2323 1681
Fax: +(011) 2322 0994
Courrier électronique: [email protected]
Site Web: http://www.fssai.gov.in/.
|
2021/62021CB0467/62021CB0467_BG.txt_1 | Eurlex | CC-By | C_2022207BG.01000801.xml
23.5.2022
BG
Официален вестник на Европейския съюз
C 207/8
Определение на Съда (десети състав) от 16 декември 2021 г. (преюдициално запитване от Consiglio di Stato — Италия) — Comune di Venezia/Telecom Italia SpA, Infrastrutture Wireless Italiane SpA — Inwit SpA
(Дело C-467/21) (1)
(Преюдициално запитване - Член 53, параграф 2 и член 94 от Процедурния правилник на Съда - Сближаване на законодателствата - Eлектронни съобщителни мрежи и услуги - Наложени от местните власти ограничения за инсталирането на антени на мобилни оператори - Липса на достатъчно точни сведения за причините, поради които е необходимо да се отговори на преюдициалния въпрос, за да се разреши спорът в главното производство - Явна недопустимост)
(2022/C 207/10)
Език на производството: италиански
Запитваща юрисдикция
Consiglio di Stato
Страни в главното производство
Жалбоподател: Comune di Venezia
Ответници: Telecom Italia SpA, Infrastrutture Wireless Italiane SpA — Inwit SpA
при участието на: Regione Veneto
Диспозитив
Преюдициалното запитване, отправено от Consiglio di Stato (Държавен съвет, Италия) с акт от 22 юли 2021 г., е явно недопустимо.
(1) ОВ C 422, 18.10.2021 г.
|
HJrv4m9BoBE_1 | Youtube-Commons-Whisper | CC-By | So, with patch update 2.1 for Cyberpunk 2077, CDPR have added in new things for players to obtain. These consist of 2 new cyberware, legendary cyberware and 6 new vehicles. Today guys, I bring you a complete guide on how you get each and every one. How's it going people? My name is DPJ and if you enjoyed the video, leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more, be sure to subscribe. So with this amazing new update, there are new things for you to get and use. So let's start with the cyberware. There are 2 new additions to the game with 2.1. We have the Fiend X which is a skeleton cyberware and we have the Kajito Latis which is an integumentary system cyberware. Now after I looked around within Night City, I honestly thought that these new cyberwares were exclusive to Dug 10 Ripperducks, which is actually where these are from, you buy these from Ripperducks. But upon looking even further guys, I did find a Ripperduck outside of Dug 10 where these can be purchased. Now this could be random, but knowing this Ripperduck does stuck them, if you come here and he doesn't have them for you, skip time to reset his stuck and see if that helps. But yes, this Ripperduck does indeed sell both of these items, these new cyberware pieces. Also do have a feeling guys, that many of the Ripperducks will also stuck these too. Keep in mind, normal cyberware of this Rarity can sometimes be tied to your actual level, most becoming unlocked near that level of 40. So if you can't find these and you're at a low level, this is most probably why. Now there are 6 new vehicles to this game and luckily enough, unlike what I first thought, these were going to be new additions that were going to be tied behind probably the replayable car races, but they seemingly are not. I loaded up a lower leveled character who had literally just completed the main game story. I went to my mega building apartment, lugged onto the computer there, went to the auto fixer website and these bikes were here for me to buy. So there are 5 bikes in total, all available for you to purchase. |
6291504_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | The Great é uma série de televisão via streaming de comédia dramática americana do serviço Hulu. A série é vagamente baseada na ascensão ao poder de Catarina, a Grande, imperatriz da Rússia. A série é estrelada por Elle Fanning como a imperatriz Catarina II e Nicholas Hoult como o imperador Pedro III.
The Great estreou nos Estados Unidos em 15 de maio de 2020 no Hulu. O serviço de video sob demanda Lionsgate+ também distribui a série no Reino Unido, Irlanda, Alemanha, França, Itália, Espanha, Benelux, América Latina e Brasil. Em Portugal, a série foi disponibilizada pelo HBO Portugal.
Em julho de 2020, o Hulu renovou a série para uma segunda temporada que estreou em 19 de novembro de 2021. Em janeiro de 2022, a série foi renovada para uma terceira temporada.
The Great foi cancelada em 30 de agosto de 2023; a série termina, após três temporadas, sem um final apropriado.
Premissa
The Great é um drama cômico e satírico sobre a ascensão de Catarina, a Grande, de fora para a governante mais antiga da história da Rússia. A série é uma ficção e retrata Catarina em sua juventude e casamento com o imperador Pedro II, concentrando-se na trama para matar seu marido depravado e perigoso.
Elenco e personagens
Principais
Elle Fanning como Catarina, a Grande
Nicholas Hoult como Pedro III da Rússia
Hount também interpreta Yemelyan Pugachev (Temporada 2 - presente)
Phoebe Fox como Marial
Sacha Dhawan como Orlo
Charity Wakefield como Georgina Dymova
Gwilym Lee como Grigor Dymov
Adam Godley como Archbishop “Archie”
Douglas Hodge como General Velementov
Belinda Bromilow como Tia Elizabeth
Bayo Gbadamosi como Arkady
Sebastian de Souza como Leo Voronsky
Danusia Samal como Antonia Svenska (Temporada 1–2)
Sebastian de Souza como Leo Voronsky (Temporada 1; convidado na Temp. 2)
Recorrente
Louis Hynes como Vlad (Temporada 1)
Grace Molony como a rainha Agnes da Suécia (Temporada 1-2)
Freddie Fox como o rei Hugo da Suécia (Temporada 1-2)
Jamie Demetriou como Doutor Chekov (Temporada 1)
Christophe Tek como Tartar Nick (Temporada 1)
Charlie Price como Ivan (Temporada 1)
Alistair Green como Conde Smolny (Temporada 1-2)
Abraham Popoola como Alexei Rostov (Temporada 1)
James Smith como Conde Gorky (Temporada 1)
Stewart Scudamore como Tolsten (Temporada 1)
Phill Webster como guarda do palácio
Adam Darlington como lacaio chefe
Dustin Demri-Burns como Voltaire
Christianne Oliveira como a condessa Belanova
Blake Harrison como o coronel Svenska (Temporadas 1-2)
Julian Barratt como Dr. Vinodel (Temporada 2)
Gillian Anderson como Joana Isabel de Holsácia-Gottorp, mãe de Catarina (Temporada 2)
Jason Isaacs como Pedro, o Grande, pai de Pedro III (Temporada 2)
Raphael Acloque como embaixador Sunduk (Temporada 2)
Henry Meredith como Maxim (Temporada 2)
Episódios
Resumo
1ª temporada (2020)
<onlyinclude><onlyinclude>
2ª temporada (2021)
Produção
Desenvolvimento
A série é baseada na peça de Tony McNamara que gira em torno de Catarina, a Grande, que estreou no Sydney Theatre Company em 2008. McNamara também escreveu uma adaptação cinematográfica da peça: "Foi uma peça e um filme, e eu sempre estava lutando com o fato de ser uma história tão maciça para um filme. Eu queria contar como uma história que se prolonga por anos e anos". A série foi inicialmente lançada como tendo seis temporadas, tendo planejado introduzir figuras históricas importantes na vida de Catarina enquanto a série continuava.
Em 24 de agosto de 2018, foi anunciado que o Hulu estava perto de dar uma ordem do piloto a uma minissérie sobre Catarina, a Grande. A série foi escrita por Tony McNamara, que também atuou como produtor executivo ao lado de Elle Fanning e Marian Macgowan. As empresas de produção envolvidas com o piloto consistem em Media Rights Capital, Echo Lake Entertainment, e Thruline Entertainment. Em 20 de novembro de 2018, foi relatado que Matt Shakman estava dirigindo o piloto. Em 11 de fevereiro de 2019, foi anunciado durante a turnê anual de imprensa de inverno da Television Critics Association que o Hulu havia ordenado a produção da série.
Elenco
Juntamente com o anúncio inicial do piloto, foi confirmado que Elle Fanning e Nicholas Hoult haviam sido escalados para o papel principal do piloto como Catarina, a Grande, e seu marido Pedro III da Rússia, respectivamente. Em novembro de 2018, foi anunciado que Phoebe Fox, Sacha Dhawan, Charity Wakefield e Gwilym Lee se juntaram ao elenco do piloto. Em janeiro de 2020, Sebastian De Souza, Adam Godley e Douglas Hodge foram adicionados ao elenco. Em 14 de maio de 2021, Gillian Anderson foi escalada para um papel de protagonista convidada como Joana, a mãe de Catarina.
Filmagem
A filmagem principal do piloto começou em novembro de 2018 em York, Inglaterra, com outros locais de filmagem que devem incluir Leicestershire, Lincolnshire e Hever em Kent e Caserta, Itália. As filmagens da segunda temporada começaram em 4 de novembro de 2020 e terminaram em 17 de julho de 2021.
Recepção
Temporada 1
No Rotten Tomatoes, a minissérie detém uma classificação de aprovação de 84% com base em 57 avaliações, com uma classificação média de 7.21/10. O consenso crítico do site diz: "Lindo, se gratuito, The Great não consegue cumprir o mesmo nome, mas performances deliciosas de Elle Fanning e Nicholas Hoult e um senso de humor perverso fazem dele um ótimo relógio". No Metacritic, ele tem uma pontuação média ponderada de 77 em 100 com base em 25 revisões, indicando "revisões geralmente favoráveis".
Temporada 2
No Metacritic, a segunda temporada tem uma pontuação média ponderada de 86 em 100 com base em 7 comentários, indicando "aclamação universal". No Rotten Tomatoes, possui um índice de aprovação de 100% e um "Certified Fresh" com base em 24 avaliações, com uma classificação média de crítica de 8,40/10. O consenso crítico do site diz: "The Great continua seu reinado revisionista mais forte do que antes, graças à sua sagacidade viciante e elenco maravilhoso - huzzah!".
Ligações externas
Programas do Hulu
Programas de televisão em língua inglesa
Programas de televisão dos Estados Unidos que estrearam em 2020.
|
github_open_source_100_1_546 | Github OpenSource | Various open source |
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private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
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/// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
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components.Dispose();
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base.Dispose(disposing);
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this.designBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.designBtn.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 12F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.designBtn.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.designBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 635);
this.designBtn.Name = "designBtn";
this.designBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 34);
this.designBtn.TabIndex = 2;
this.designBtn.Text = "Design";
this.designBtn.UseMnemonic = false;
this.designBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.designBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.designBtn_MouseClick);
//
// sourceBtn
//
this.sourceBtn.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)));
this.sourceBtn.AutoSize = true;
this.sourceBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.sourceBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.sourceBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.sourceBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.sourceBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 2;
this.sourceBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.sourceBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.sourceBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.sourceBtn.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 12F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.sourceBtn.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.sourceBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(118, 635);
this.sourceBtn.Name = "sourceBtn";
this.sourceBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 34);
this.sourceBtn.TabIndex = 3;
this.sourceBtn.Text = "Source";
this.sourceBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.sourceBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.sourceBtn_MouseClick);
//
// label1
//
this.label1.AutoSize = true;
this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(34, 104);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(35, 16);
this.label1.TabIndex = 4;
this.label1.Text = "File";
//
// label3
//
this.label3.AutoSize = true;
this.label3.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label3.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(162, 102);
this.label3.Name = "label3";
this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(42, 16);
this.label3.TabIndex = 8;
this.label3.Text = "Tools";
//
// label4
//
this.label4.AutoSize = true;
this.label4.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label4.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(469, 102);
this.label4.Name = "label4";
this.label4.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(84, 16);
this.label4.TabIndex = 9;
this.label4.Text = "Shape Color";
//
// label5
//
this.label5.AutoSize = true;
this.label5.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label5.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(313, 102);
this.label5.Name = "label5";
this.label5.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(49, 16);
this.label5.TabIndex = 10;
this.label5.Text = "Shapes";
//
// rectangleBtn
//
this.rectangleBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.rectangleBtn.BackgroundImage = global::Paint.Properties.Resources.rectangle;
this.rectangleBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.rectangleBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.rectangleBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
this.rectangleBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.rectangleBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.rectangleBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.rectangleBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(260, 28);
this.rectangleBtn.Name = "rectangleBtn";
this.rectangleBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48, 48);
this.rectangleBtn.TabIndex = 11;
this.rectangleBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.rectangleBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.rectangleBtn_MouseClick);
//
// circleBtn
//
this.circleBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.circleBtn.BackgroundImage = global::Paint.Properties.Resources.circle;
this.circleBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.circleBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.circleBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
this.circleBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.circleBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.circleBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.circleBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(315, 28);
this.circleBtn.Name = "circleBtn";
this.circleBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48, 48);
this.circleBtn.TabIndex = 12;
this.circleBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.circleBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.circleBtn_MouseClick);
//
// lineBtn
//
this.lineBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.lineBtn.BackgroundImage = global::Paint.Properties.Resources.line;
this.lineBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.lineBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.lineBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
this.lineBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.lineBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.lineBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.lineBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(369, 28);
this.lineBtn.Name = "lineBtn";
this.lineBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48, 48);
this.lineBtn.TabIndex = 13;
this.lineBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.lineBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.lineBtn_MouseClick);
//
// moveBtn
//
this.moveBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.moveBtn.BackgroundImage = global::Paint.Properties.Resources.move;
this.moveBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.moveBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.moveBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
this.moveBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.moveBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.moveBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.moveBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(168, 54);
this.moveBtn.Name = "moveBtn";
this.moveBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.moveBtn.TabIndex = 15;
this.moveBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.moveBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.moveBtn_MouseClick);
//
// textBox
//
this.textBox.AcceptsReturn = true;
this.textBox.AcceptsTab = true;
this.textBox.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
| System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
this.textBox.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.None;
this.textBox.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.textBox.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.textBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(118, 150);
this.textBox.Multiline = true;
this.textBox.Name = "textBox";
this.textBox.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
this.textBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1033, 25);
this.textBox.TabIndex = 17;
this.textBox.WordWrap = false;
//
// thicknessBox
//
this.thicknessBox.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.thicknessBox.Items.AddRange(new object[] {
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28"});
this.thicknessBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(649, 22);
this.thicknessBox.Name = "thicknessBox";
this.thicknessBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(87, 24);
this.thicknessBox.TabIndex = 18;
this.thicknessBox.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.thicknessBox_MouseClick);
//
// saveBtn
//
this.saveBtn.AutoSize = true;
this.saveBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.saveBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.saveBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.saveBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.saveBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 2;
this.saveBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.saveBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.saveBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.saveBtn.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.saveBtn.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.saveBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
this.saveBtn.Name = "saveBtn";
this.saveBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(85, 36);
this.saveBtn.TabIndex = 20;
this.saveBtn.Text = "Save";
this.saveBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.saveBtn.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.saveBtn_Click);
this.saveBtn.MouseLeave += new System.EventHandler(this.saveBtn_MouseLeave);
this.saveBtn.MouseHover += new System.EventHandler(this.saveBtn_MouseHover);
//
// openBtn
//
this.openBtn.AutoSize = true;
this.openBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.openBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.openBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.openBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.openBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 2;
this.openBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.openBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.openBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.openBtn.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.openBtn.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;
this.openBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 54);
this.openBtn.Name = "openBtn";
this.openBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(85, 36);
this.openBtn.TabIndex = 21;
this.openBtn.Text = "Open";
this.openBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.openBtn.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.openBtn_Click);
this.openBtn.MouseLeave += new System.EventHandler(this.openBtn_MouseLeave);
this.openBtn.MouseHover += new System.EventHandler(this.openBtn_MouseHover);
//
// drawBtn
//
this.drawBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.drawBtn.BackgroundImage = global::Paint.Properties.Resources.draw;
this.drawBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.drawBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.drawBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
this.drawBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.drawBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.drawBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.drawBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(168, 10);
this.drawBtn.Name = "drawBtn";
this.drawBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.drawBtn.TabIndex = 14;
this.drawBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.drawBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.drawBtn_MouseClick);
//
// label2
//
this.label2.AutoSize = true;
this.label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(118, 33);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(31, 32);
this.label2.TabIndex = 22;
this.label2.Text = "|";
//
// whiteBtn
//
this.whiteBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.whiteBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.whiteBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.whiteBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.whiteBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.whiteBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.whiteBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.whiteBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(453, 10);
this.whiteBtn.Name = "whiteBtn";
this.whiteBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.whiteBtn.TabIndex = 23;
this.whiteBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.whiteBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.whiteBtn_MouseClick);
//
// blackBtn
//
this.blackBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.blackBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.blackBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.blackBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.blackBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.blackBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.blackBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.blackBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(495, 10);
this.blackBtn.Name = "blackBtn";
this.blackBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.blackBtn.TabIndex = 24;
this.blackBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.blackBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.blackBtn_MouseClick);
//
// grayBtn
//
this.grayBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.DimGray;
this.grayBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.grayBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.grayBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.grayBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.grayBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.grayBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.grayBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(537, 10);
this.grayBtn.Name = "grayBtn";
this.grayBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.grayBtn.TabIndex = 25;
this.grayBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.grayBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.grayBtn_MouseClick);
//
// redBtn
//
this.redBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;
this.redBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.redBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.redBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.redBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.redBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.redBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.redBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(453, 52);
this.redBtn.Name = "redBtn";
this.redBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.redBtn.TabIndex = 26;
this.redBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.redBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.redBtn_MouseClick);
//
// greenBtn
//
this.greenBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Green;
this.greenBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.greenBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.greenBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.greenBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.greenBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.greenBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.greenBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(495, 52);
this.greenBtn.Name = "greenBtn";
this.greenBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.greenBtn.TabIndex = 27;
this.greenBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.greenBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.greenBtn_MouseClick);
//
// blueBtn
//
this.blueBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Blue;
this.blueBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.blueBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.blueBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.blueBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.blueBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.blueBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.blueBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(537, 52);
this.blueBtn.Name = "blueBtn";
this.blueBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(36, 36);
this.blueBtn.TabIndex = 28;
this.blueBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.blueBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.blueBtn_MouseClick);
//
// label6
//
this.label6.AutoSize = true;
this.label6.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label6.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label6.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(223, 33);
this.label6.Name = "label6";
this.label6.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(31, 32);
this.label6.TabIndex = 29;
this.label6.Text = "|";
//
// currentColorBtn
//
this.currentColorBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.currentColorBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.currentColorBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.currentColorBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.currentColorBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.currentColorBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.currentColorBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.currentColorBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(579, 10);
this.currentColorBtn.Name = "currentColorBtn";
this.currentColorBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(24, 78);
this.currentColorBtn.TabIndex = 30;
this.currentColorBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.currentColorBtn.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.currentColorBtn_Click);
//
// label7
//
this.label7.AutoSize = true;
this.label7.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label7.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label7.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(416, 33);
this.label7.Name = "label7";
this.label7.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(31, 32);
this.label7.TabIndex = 31;
this.label7.Text = "|";
//
// label8
//
this.label8.AutoSize = true;
this.label8.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label8.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label8.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(609, 33);
this.label8.Name = "label8";
this.label8.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(31, 32);
this.label8.TabIndex = 33;
this.label8.Text = "|";
//
// styleBox
//
this.styleBox.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.styleBox.Items.AddRange(new object[] {
"Solid",
"Dot",
"Dash",
"DashDot",
"DashDotDot"});
this.styleBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(649, 50);
this.styleBox.Name = "styleBox";
this.styleBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(87, 24);
this.styleBox.TabIndex = 35;
this.styleBox.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.styleBox_MouseClick);
//
// borderThicknessBox
//
this.borderThicknessBox.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.borderThicknessBox.Items.AddRange(new object[] {
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28"});
this.borderThicknessBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(796, 11);
this.borderThicknessBox.Name = "borderThicknessBox";
this.borderThicknessBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(105, 24);
this.borderThicknessBox.TabIndex = 40;
this.borderThicknessBox.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.borderThicknessBox_MouseClick);
//
// borderStyleBox
//
this.borderStyleBox.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.borderStyleBox.Items.AddRange(new object[] {
"Solid",
"Dot",
"Dash",
"DashDot",
"DashDotDot"});
this.borderStyleBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(796, 41);
this.borderStyleBox.Name = "borderStyleBox";
this.borderStyleBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(105, 24);
this.borderStyleBox.TabIndex = 42;
this.borderStyleBox.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.borderStyleBox_MouseClick);
//
// borderOffsetBox
//
this.borderOffsetBox.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.borderOffsetBox.Items.AddRange(new object[] {
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28"});
this.borderOffsetBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(796, 71);
this.borderOffsetBox.Name = "borderOffsetBox";
this.borderOffsetBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(105, 24);
this.borderOffsetBox.TabIndex = 46;
this.borderOffsetBox.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.borderOffsetBox_MouseClick);
//
// label9
//
this.label9.AutoSize = true;
this.label9.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label9.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label9.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(677, 102);
this.label9.Name = "label9";
this.label9.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(28, 16);
this.label9.TabIndex = 48;
this.label9.Text = "Pen";
//
// label10
//
this.label10.AutoSize = true;
this.label10.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label10.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label10.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(750, 33);
this.label10.Name = "label10";
this.label10.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(31, 32);
this.label10.TabIndex = 49;
this.label10.Text = "|";
//
// borderColorBtn
//
this.borderColorBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.borderColorBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.borderColorBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.borderColorBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.borderColorBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.borderColorBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.borderColorBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.borderColorBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(907, 12);
this.borderColorBtn.Name = "borderColorBtn";
this.borderColorBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(24, 83);
this.borderColorBtn.TabIndex = 50;
this.borderColorBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.borderColorBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.borderColorBtn_MouseClick);
//
// label11
//
this.label11.AutoSize = true;
this.label11.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label11.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label11.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(945, 33);
this.label11.Name = "label11";
this.label11.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(31, 32);
this.label11.TabIndex = 51;
this.label11.Text = "|";
//
// anchorSizeBox
//
this.anchorSizeBox.FormattingEnabled = true;
this.anchorSizeBox.Items.AddRange(new object[] {
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
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"26",
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"28"});
this.anchorSizeBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(982, 41);
this.anchorSizeBox.Name = "anchorSizeBox";
this.anchorSizeBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(105, 24);
this.anchorSizeBox.TabIndex = 52;
this.anchorSizeBox.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.anchorSizeBox_MouseClick);
//
// anchorColorBtn
//
this.anchorColorBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.anchorColorBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.anchorColorBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.anchorColorBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.anchorColorBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.anchorColorBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.anchorColorBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.anchorColorBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(1093, 12);
this.anchorColorBtn.Name = "anchorColorBtn";
this.anchorColorBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(24, 83);
this.anchorColorBtn.TabIndex = 53;
this.anchorColorBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.anchorColorBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.anchorColorBtn_MouseClick);
//
// label16
//
this.label16.AutoSize = true;
this.label16.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label16.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label16.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(825, 104);
this.label16.Name = "label16";
this.label16.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(49, 16);
this.label16.TabIndex = 54;
this.label16.Text = "Border";
//
// label17
//
this.label17.AutoSize = true;
this.label17.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label17.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label17.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(1009, 104);
this.label17.Name = "label17";
this.label17.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(49, 16);
this.label17.TabIndex = 55;
this.label17.Text = "Anchor";
//
// label12
//
this.label12.AutoSize = true;
this.label12.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label12.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label12.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(1165, 102);
this.label12.Name = "label12";
this.label12.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(42, 16);
this.label12.TabIndex = 56;
this.label12.Text = "Clear";
//
// clearBtn
//
this.clearBtn.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.clearBtn.BackgroundImage = global::Paint.Properties.Resources.clear;
this.clearBtn.BackgroundImageLayout = System.Windows.Forms.ImageLayout.Center;
this.clearBtn.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand;
this.clearBtn.FlatAppearance.BorderSize = 0;
this.clearBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseDownBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.clearBtn.FlatAppearance.MouseOverBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
this.clearBtn.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
this.clearBtn.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(1153, 12);
this.clearBtn.Name = "clearBtn";
this.clearBtn.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 64);
this.clearBtn.TabIndex = 57;
this.clearBtn.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.clearBtn.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.clearBtn_MouseClick);
this.clearBtn.MouseLeave += new System.EventHandler(this.clearBtn_MouseLeave);
this.clearBtn.MouseHover += new System.EventHandler(this.clearBtn_MouseHover);
//
// label13
//
this.label13.AutoSize = true;
this.label13.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.label13.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDarkDark;
this.label13.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(1132, 33);
this.label13.Name = "label13";
this.label13.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(31, 32);
this.label13.TabIndex = 58;
this.label13.Text = "|";
//
// filledCheckBox
//
this.filledCheckBox.AutoSize = true;
this.filledCheckBox.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 6.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.filledCheckBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(269, 12);
this.filledCheckBox.Name = "filledCheckBox";
this.filledCheckBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(79, 16);
this.filledCheckBox.TabIndex = 59;
this.filledCheckBox.Text = "Fill Shapes";
this.filledCheckBox.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
//
// Canvas
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(7F, 16F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(1221, 681);
this.Controls.Add(this.filledCheckBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.label13);
this.Controls.Add(this.clearBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.label12);
this.Controls.Add(this.label17);
this.Controls.Add(this.label16);
this.Controls.Add(this.anchorColorBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.anchorSizeBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.label11);
this.Controls.Add(this.borderColorBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.label10);
this.Controls.Add(this.label9);
this.Controls.Add(this.borderOffsetBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.borderStyleBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.borderThicknessBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.styleBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.label8);
this.Controls.Add(this.label7);
this.Controls.Add(this.currentColorBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.label6);
this.Controls.Add(this.blueBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.greenBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.redBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.grayBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.blackBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.whiteBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.openBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.saveBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.thicknessBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.textBox);
this.Controls.Add(this.moveBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.drawBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.lineBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.circleBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.rectangleBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.label5);
this.Controls.Add(this.label4);
this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.Controls.Add(this.sourceBtn);
this.Controls.Add(this.designBtn);
this.DoubleBuffered = true;
this.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New", 9F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point);
this.Icon = ((System.Drawing.Icon)(resources.GetObject("$this.Icon")));
this.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(1);
this.Name = "Canvas";
this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
this.Text = "Paint";
this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Canvas_Load);
this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.Canvas_Paint);
this.MouseDown += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.Canvas_MouseDown);
this.MouseMove += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.Canvas_MouseMove);
this.MouseUp += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.Canvas_MouseUp);
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
#endregion
private System.Windows.Forms.Button designBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button sourceBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label4;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label5;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button rectangleBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button circleBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button lineBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button moveBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox thicknessBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button saveBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button openBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button drawBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button whiteBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button blackBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button grayBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button redBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button greenBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button blueBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label6;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button currentColorBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label7;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label8;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox styleBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox borderThicknessBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox borderStyleBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox borderOffsetBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label9;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label10;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button borderColorBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label11;
private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox anchorSizeBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button anchorColorBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label16;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label17;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label12;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button clearBtn;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label13;
private System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox filledCheckBox;
}
}
|
JOAFE_PDF_Unitaire_20160022_00064.txt_1 | French Open Data | Various open data | 148e année. - No 22 Samedi 28 mai 2016 ANNEXE AU JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE LOIS ET DÉCRETS DIRECTION DE L'INFORMATION LÉGALE ET ADMINISTRATIVE D.I.L.A CN=DILA SIGNATURE-03,OU=0002 13000918600011,O=DILA,C=FR 75015 Paris
2016-05-25
16:17:43 Standard ....................01.40.58.75.00 Annonces ...................01.40.58.77.56
Accueil commercial.... 01.40.15.70.10 26, rue Desaix, 75727 PARIS CEDEX 15 www.journal-officiel.gouv.fr
Associations Fondations d'entreprise Associations syndicales de propriétaires Fonds de dotation
Annonce n° 64 - page 8
06 - Alpes-Maritimes ASSOCIATIONS Créations Déclaration à la préfecture des Alpes-Maritimes. POST-APOCALYPTIQUE NICE AIRSOFT.
Objet : l'organisation et la promotion auprès de tout public, de jeux de rôle grandeur nature (JdRGN), de l'airsoft scénarisé, sous toutes leurs formes, ainsi que diverses activités gravitant autour des jeux grandeur nature. Siège social : 20 bis, rue de l'Abbé Grégoire, 06000 Nice. Date de la déclaration : 19 mai 2016.
64. Le Directeur de l’information légale et administrative : Bertrand MUNCH. |
jstor-4060679_1 | English-PD | Public Domain | STOP Early Journal Content on JSTOR, Free to Anyone in the World This article is one of nearly 500,000 scholarly works digitized and made freely available to everyone in the world by JSTOR. Known as the Early Journal Content, this set of works include research articles, news, letters, and other writings published in more than 200 of the oldest leading academic journals. The works date from the mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. We encourage people to read and share the Early Journal Content openly and to tell others that this resource exists. People may post this content online or redistribute in any way for non-commercial purposes. Read more about Early Journal Content at http://about.jstor.org/participate-jstor/individuals/early- journal-content. JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary source objects. JSTOR helps people discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content through a powerful research and teaching platform, and preserves this content for future generations. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization that also includes Ithaka S+R and Portico. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. 1880.] natural sciences of philadelphia. 341 September 7. Dr. R. S. Kenderdine, in the chair. Fifteen persons present. On large Sphene from Canada. — Dr. A. E. Foote recorded the occurrence of crystals of sphene of unusual size in the county of Renfrew, Canada, near the upper part of the navigable portion of the Ottawa River. The largest crystal collected weighed 23^ pounds or more than twenty times as much as the largest hereto- fore found. September 14. The President, Dr. Ruschenberger, in the chair. Twenty-eight persons present. The death of Prof. S. S. Haldeman, a member, was announced. On the Timber Line of High Mountains. — Mr. Meehan re- marked that on the tops of most high mountains we find a total absence of ligneous plants. The highest alpine vegetation con- sists for the most part of acaulescent perennials. Lower down we may find some woody species, and often we come to dwarfed forms of trees of species, which, still lower down, form forests of considerable height, and which as timber trees make what is known to mountain travelers as the »' Timber Line." Thus in the mountains of Colorado, the forests commence at about 7000 feet above the sea level, and continue up to about 11,000 feet, where they suddenly cease, and form at that elevation what is there known as the " Timber Line." On Gray's Peak he found Pinus aristata, Pinus flexilis, Abies concolor, and Abies Engelmannii, with some willows forming the timber line. The Coniferous trees were probably 30 or 40 feet high, and it was interesting to note that this tall timber as suddenly ceased, as if a wood had been cut half away by a woodman's axe. But at once commencing where the tall timber ceased, the same species exist as dwarf stunted shrubs seldom exceeding 3 or 4 feet in height, and often but a foot, though trailing widely over the ground. In this stunted condition the species would often extend some fifteen hundred feet higher up, or half way from the recognized timber line to the top of the mountain. Other observers have noted that the average of 11,000 feet marks the entire timber line of the Rocky mountain range. So far as he knew this peculiar timber line has been referred wholly to climatic conditions, of which temperature and moisture 342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP [1880. have been regarded as the chief elements in producing the results. That admirable botanist and energetic collector, Dr. C. C. Parry, in a paper on the Rocky mountain alpine region, published in the "Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science " for 1869, p. 249, remarks that the most satisfactory ex- planation is that the so-called timber line marks the extreme point of minimum temperature below which no exposed phcnogamous plant can exist. All that survives above this point does so by submitting to a winter burial of snow, beneath which protecting cover it is enabled to maintain its torpid existence. The great objection which this purely meteorological view pre- sented to Mr. Meehan's mind was that the dwarfed and gnarled coniferae extending so many hundred feet up the mountain sides, never produced seed, and we are reduced to the alternative of believing either that the seeds have been carried up the mountain sides in enormous quantities and to enormous distances from the fruitive trees below by winds, or else that there were seed bearing progenitors of these scrubby pines, beneath the tall protecting branches of which they had their earliest stages of growth. He was satisfied from subsequent observations in the mountains of North Carolina, and in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, that this last view is the correct one, — that large timber trees at no very remote period extended much further up the mountain sides than they do now, and that they have since disappeared for reasons presently to be stated, leaving only the younger trees to struggle on as best they may. Roan Mountain in North Carolina is about 6300 feet above the level of the sea. Timber extends to its summit on some parts of it, while in other parts it is destitute of timber for many hundreds of feet down its sides. The species on the summit is Abies Frazeri, and Abies nigra. Oak and other trees come occasionally to near the top and at about 6000 feet he measured a black oak — Quercus tinctoria, that was 5 feet in circumference at 3 feet from the ground, and was perhaps 40 feet high. The places destitute of trees were the steep declivities, — while those on which the trees were growing were of a more level character. Further down the mountain sides the steep inclines would be clothed with forest growth, as well as those of a more gradual ascent. It is of the summit only that the differences in inclination, presented different forest aspects. But in the spaces clear of" Balsam " as the Abies Frazeri is popularly, known, an occasional one of good size would be seen. In the close Balsam woods, both on the summit and lower down the mountain sides, crops of young plants would be found under the mature trees, but, what was very remarkable, there had evidently been no young trees started till the parents were near maturity. A large area with trees 30 or 40 feet high would have an undergrowth of young ones a foot or so high, while other areas of younger trees, would have innumerable small seedlings growing among the damp moss beneath them, and it 1880.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 343 was further interesting to note that in most cases the crops of young plants in each area were about the same age in each case, as if the seeds in the several locations had all started to grow together in some one particular year, and probably at no other time. On the naked places, where few or no trees were now found, the sur- face would be closely covered by a matted growth of a grass almost peculiar to that region, Danthonia compressa, but a close examina- tion of the surface showed occasional tracts of deep vegetable mould which had been formed by ages of decaying Hypnum or Sphagnum moss, and the evident remains of roots, just as we now find under the Balsam trees, and there is no doubt from these facts that these steep upper declivities were once clothed with trees and mosses, to which the grass previously named succeeded. With these facts in mind he examined the arboreal features of the White Mountains in New Hampshire. On Mount Washington, which is a little over 6000 feet, the timber runs up to about 4000 feet; while Mount Webster, a mountain forming the southern peak of the same chain, and about 4000 feet high, has little timber above 3000 feet. Clearly, climatic reasons will not account for these peculiarities. On Mount Washington there is much of the same character as distinguishes the forests of the Rocky Moun- tains. As already noted the timber line becomes marked at about 4000 feet. For at least another thousand feet we meet with scrubby bushes of Abies Balsamea, Abies nigra, and Abies alba, with some Betula papyracea. Beyond this, and almost to the summit, an occasional specimen of one or another of the conifene may be seen. As noted in regard to the Colorado scrubby growth, none of these had ever produced seed ; nor was it at all probable, from a careful survey of the locations, that many of the areas could have been seeded by the winds, however strong, bringing the seeds up these mountain heights. Moreover, there were many cases where there were intermediate areas clear of all scrubby spruce plants, and where seeds could be brought by winds in these modern times much easier than to the heights above. Besides this, it was evident that many of these dwarfed specimens were of immense age. Some that he examined were certainly fifty years old, though the stems at the ground were no thicker than his wrist, and, trailing on the ground, occupied but 16 or 20 square feet of space. There seemed to be but little doubt that at some time in the past Mount Washington had forests of coniferse at much higher elevations than at present, if not perhaps clean up to the summit ; that these serubb3'' plants now there were seedlings that had sprung up under the elder ones, and that in time the older ones were destroyed, leaving the small ones beneath alone to their fate. An examination of different parts of Mount Washington shows not only that this is the true explanation of the absence of good timber beyond what is known as the timber line, but that the same law is in progress to day as in centuries past. Illustrations i>44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1880. of this are numerous. There is now a railroad running straight up the mountain side from the base to the summit. Near the timber line, a cut had to be made through an area covered by mature Balsam Firs. This cut was about 8 or 10 feet deep. Under the trees moss and dead roots and old fir leaves had made an earthy strata of a foot, or in places, more in depth. The moss was still green from the rains, melting snows, and fogs of this elevated region, and sustaining the various kinds of low vegeta- tion common to these alpine heights. Young firs were springing up in great abundance. But all the larger trees were dead, though here and there might be seen a branch with a few lingering green leaves. This mass of dead, standing timber occupied several acres. The reason for their death was evident. The railroad cut showed that the forest stood on a mass of large but loose gneiss rocks, through which the waters from the two thousand feet of loose rock above rushed as soon as the railroad cut was made, carrying with it all the earthy matter on which the larger trees subsisted, but leaving the tough turfy matter at the surface, on which smaller trees of the same sort may live for many years, though the larger ones cannot longer exist. With the death of the larger trees there is, of course, an increase of light, and then the Hierochlce, with other grasses and sedges, speedily take possession, holding together the loose soil, and even permitting in many cases an increase of the earthy layer, by holding much of the disintegrated rock which may be washed or blown on from above. Carefully examining patches of scrubby spruces above the timber line, it is not uncommon to find dark patches of vegetable mould evidently the remains of large trees that have been growing where now only the masses of small scrubby plants exist. In some places a sharp stick may be pushed down among the scrubby firs and spruces, and the earth found to be but a foot or so deep over the loose rock below, from which the earth has been wholly washed away. Again, there are some places often nearly an acre in extent where the scrubby firs are still standing, dead, from the earth having been washed away from below upwards, not leaving enough for even the moderate demands of these little bushes. In view of the facts detailed we may conclude that at the elevation of these mountain chains, the lowland vegetation was carried up at the same time. The summits, covered by luxuriant forests would present a cooler surface to the moist clouds, and thei-e would be less condensation than on bare sun-warmed rocks, and deep snows would be less frequent, and not sufficient to inter- fere much with arboreal growth. But the rain would of necessity carry down the earth and disintegrated rock to lower levels ; and the melting snows, such as there were, would make this downward progress of the soil continuous. In some mountains where the rock was easily broken by frost, as in Colorado and the White Mountains, it would be very difficult for the soil to hold its own against these forces of gravitation ; but on more solid rock the mass of tree 1880. J NATURAL SCIENCES Of PHILADELPHIA. 345 roots protecting the rock, and retaining the earthy matter would longer hold its own. In the former case with the gradual washing away of the earth the larger trees will have to find a lower level ; the summit condensing more moisture, and having a cooler atmosphere, would form heavier masses of longer enduring snow, and thus keep down from tall growth the younger trees left as the older and larger ones retired. They would have to be low bushes by the absence of earth for vigorous growth, and remain trailing bushes, through the superincumbent and long continued mass of snow. We thus see that though a long continued mass of snow has much to do in marking a timber line, that line is precedent to the snowy mass. The primary eaufee is the gravitation of disinte- grated rock— the movement of the hill top towards the sea. From the moment the mountain reaches its highest point it commences its downward march. The entire reduction of the highest to a level with the plain is but a question of time. The frost and rain and melting snow will do it all, and this reduction, bringing down not only the earth, but cold-loving plants to warmer levels, must continually change the aspects of vegetation, as well as perpetually vary the timber line. In low hills as well as in high mountains the forces of gravita- tion are also at work. But the sides are seldom so steep as in the loftier hills, — the rains do not gather with such force nor are the melting snows of near the same duration. There are sudden washes, but not the continuous roll of the earth to the bottom. In time they may exhibit the same phenomena of the disappearance of species from their summits as their loftier brethren ; but the centuries here will gather much more slowly to produce a similar effect. In conclusion he would say briefly that the " timber line " of high mountain tops results from the washing down of the earth from the higher elevations. Mr. Redfield remarked that there could be no doubt that influences other than climatic (such for instance as the washing away of soil, mentioned by Mr. Meehan) do often modify ami change the timber-line upon mountains. But he was unable to accept Mr. Meehan's views as to the insignificant part played b3' climatic causes, and still held them to be the prevailing factor in the problem. Dr. Parry's explanation by the weight and depth of winter snows might not always be the correct one, but snow and ice must be very important agents, and Mr. R. thought that in considering climate, we should have regard not merely to the present period, but to past great secular periods. He then referred to the glacial age, when not only the White Mountains, but all New England was capped with a vast ice-sheet, which under secular changes gradually retreated, leaving only the mountain tops covered. The slow retreat of the glacial covering was followed 23 346 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [1880. by the advance of fitting arboreal vegetation, until a point was reached when the present climatic conditions were such as to limit any higher advance of the trees. September 21. The President, Dr. Rusohenberqer, in the chair. Twenty-eight persons present. Bone Caves of Pennsylvania. — Prof. Leidy remarked that in the early part of August, in company with Dr. T. C. Porter of Easton, he had visited Hartman's Cave, in the vicinity of Strouds- burg, Pa. They had been invited by Mr. T. Dunkin Paret, of that place, who had recently undertaken the exploration of the cave, and had obtained from it an interesting and important col- lection of animal remains, which had been submitted to Prof. Leidy 's examination. The cave is situated about five miles from Delaware Water Gap in a ridge which separates Cherry Valley from the valleys of the Pocono and McMichael's Creeks. The ridge is an anticlinal fold of the Helderberg or Upper Silurian limestone, and the cave, occupies the axis of the fold and opens in the face of a cliff formed by a cross section of the ridge. An accumulation of debris forms a slope at the base of the cliff, and above the debris and just below the arching roof of the cave, a low passage wa} r has long been known into which adventurous boys would creep. Mr. Paret commenced the exploration by having a passage dug through the debris to the entrance of the cave, and then extended the trench within the latter for upwards of a hundred feet, and to a depth sufficient to walk erect. At one place within the cave the digging was carried to the rock floor. It would thus appear that the cave is occupied by a bed of clay about 10 feet in depth. On this is a thin layer of stalagmite and on this again about a foot of black friable earth mingled with animal and vegetal remains. No remains have been found imbedded in the clay nor on the rocky floor in the pit dug through the latter. Prof. Leidy supposed that during the glacial period, a stream of water, from melting snow and ice at a higher level, had made a passage way through the fissured limestone of the anticlinal axis and had left in it the abundant clay deposit. When the cave ceased to be a water course the layer of stalagmite was formed and subsequently the more friable earth accumulated from mate- rials, such as dust and leaves, blown in and mingled with the remains of animals, occupants of the cave, and of their food. The recess of the cave above the clay floor appears to have been too small to be inhabited by the larger carnivorous animals or man, and therefore no large entire bones of these have been found in the ossiferous stratum. |
github_open_source_100_1_547 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import {ScriptedTrigger} from '../triggers/scriptedTrigger';
import { ConfigurationObject } from '@jeffriggle/persist-lib';
export class ScriptedTriggerPersistenceObject {
convertFromPersistence(persistence) {
for (let child of persistence.children) {
if (child.name === 'Parameters') {
this._convert(child);
}
}
}
convertToConfig() {
let retVal = new ConfigurationObject('Trigger');
retVal.properties.set('type', 'Script');
let params = new ConfigurationObject('Parameters');
params.children.push(new ConfigurationObject('Script', btoa(this.script)));
retVal.children.push(params);
return retVal;
}
_convert(persistence) {
for (let child of persistence.children) {
if (child.name === 'Script') {
this.script = atob(child.value);
}
}
}
convertToTrigger() {
return new ScriptedTrigger(this.script);
}
} |
US-1862894-F_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Portable sun screen for automobile sun roof
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portable sun screen for automobile sun roof showing my new design therefor;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view, the rear elevational view being a mirror image thereof;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view;
FIG. 4 is a left side elevational view, the right side elevational view being a mirror image thereof; and,
FIG. 5 is a top plan view.
The ornamental design for a portable sun screen for automobile sun roof, as shown and described..
|
8055309_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | By the Court.
— An action cannot be maintained on this state of demand.
Judgment reversed.
|
github_open_source_100_1_548 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | --#if game_constants
--(when using replace_strings with --game-constant-module-path [this_data.lua], all namespaced constants
-- below are replaced with their values (as strings), so this file can be skipped)
-- camera parameters
local camera_data = {
-- window reference y (where character center y should be) is not vertically centered
-- on screen in original game, it is slightly up and the camera shows more things
-- below the character than above
-- we tried to adjust this value to PICO-8 scale with a law of three: 96×128/224 ~= 55
-- so the original game offset would scale to 55 - 64 = -9
-- however, even with scaling PICO-8 shows fewer tiles vertically so we tend to miss interesting
-- things above the character, so we moved it closer to 0
-- set to 0 if you want to recenter window vertically
window_center_offset_y = -4,
-- half width of the camera window (px)
-- According to SPG, window left and right are dissymmetrical,
-- which is not convenient is levels where moving left is just as important
-- as moving right. As suggested, we center the window horizontally but preserve
-- the half-width: ((160 - 144) / 2) / 2 (PICO-8 scaling)
-- That's why there is no window_center_offset_x
window_half_width = 4,
-- half height of the camera window (px)
-- only used during air motion
-- ((128 - 64) / 2) / 2 (PICO-8 scaling)
window_half_height = 16,
-- catchup speed on X
catchup_speed_x = 8,
-- ground speed from which fast catchup speed is used (when grounded only)
fast_catchup_min_ground_speed = 4,
-- catchup speed on Y when grounded with ground speed < fast_catchup_min_ground_speed
-- (e.g. when running)
slow_catchup_speed_y = 3,
-- catchup speed on Y when airborne or grounded with ground speed of
-- fast_catchup_min_ground_speed or more (e.g. when rolling fast)
fast_catchup_speed_y = 8,
-- Forward offset system
-- Base: When character is looking forward a horizontal direction for a certain time
-- or on landing, the camera moves slightly forward (original feature to counter
-- the fact that PICO-8 screen has a much shorter width, being a square)
-- base forward offset following character orientation (px)
forward_distance = 8,
-- time before grounded orientation effectively changes base forward offset direction (frames)
grounded_orientation_confirmation_duration = 30,
-- Extension: When character is moving fast on X, the camera moves even farther forward
-- so the player can see what's incoming (Sonic CD only, but common in modern speed platformers)
-- If orientation is opposed to velocity X (backward running / jumping),
-- both offsets oppose each other
-- As suggested by the SPG, we apply this to airborne motion instead of only ground speed in Sonic CD
-- In counterpart, because we don't apply this to ground speed anymore,
-- running on a slope will be considered slower in X and will require an even higher ground speed
-- to activate the forward extension.
-- If it's an issue, just reduce forward_ext_min_speed_x or switch to a gradual system
-- where the forward extension distance gradually increases toward its max when speed X increases.
-- min speed on X to activate forward extension (px/frame)
-- note that at exactly this speed, ratio is still 0 so no offset is applied
forward_ext_min_speed_x = 2.5,
-- speed on X at which forward extension reaches its maximum distance (px/frame)
-- at this speed, ratio is 1 and (+/-) forward_ext_max_distance is applied
max_forward_ext_speed_x = 3,
-- forward extension maximum distance (px)
-- at speeds between forward_ext_min_speed_x and max_forward_ext_speed_x, a ratio is applied
forward_ext_max_distance = 32,
-- catchup speed on X to reach maximum forward offset (base + extension) (px/frame)
forward_offset_catchup_speed_x = 0.5,
-- Look down
-- number of frames since starting crouch (and holding it) before camera starts moving down
-- (to avoid annoying look down when preparing spin dash). 120 frames = 2s
frames_before_look_down = 120,
-- speed of camera moving down during look down, but also moving up to neutral state (px/frame)
look_down_speed = 1,
-- maximum vertical distance of camera moving down during look down (px)
max_look_down_distance = 44,
-- Spin dash lag
-- duration of spin dash lag in frames
-- Note that we use the simple method recommended at the end of http://info.sonicretro.org/SPG:Camera#Spindash_Lag
-- therefore we just set timer to 16 frames and decrement each frame instead of 32 frames and catching up 2 frames
-- each frame
spin_dash_lag_duration = 16
}
--(game_constants)
--#endif
return camera_data
|
github_open_source_100_1_549 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import React, { useContext } from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';
import { AppContext } from '../app';
import { routes } from '../constants';
export const Navbar = ({ pageTitle, navbarLinks }) => {
const { thisUser } = useContext(AppContext);
return (
<div className="flex items-center justify-between py-2 h-16 border-b-2 border-black mx-4">
<Link className="font-extrabold text-2xl" to={routes.landing}>{pageTitle}</Link>
<span className="flex justify-end items-center hidden md:flex">
{navbarLinks.map(
(lnk, i) =>
<Link to={lnk.url} className="px-2 hover:underline" key={i}>
{lnk.text}
</Link>
)}
</span>
<span className="flex justify-end items-center cursor-pointer">
<span>{(thisUser && thisUser.displayName) || 'Username'}</span>
<i className="material-icons text-5xl p-0">account_circle</i>
</span>
</div>
);
};
|
134839_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | 風蓮湖（ふうれんこ）は、北海道根室市、野付郡別海町にまたがる湖である。野付風蓮道立自然公園に含まれる。ラムサール条約登録湿地。
地理
北海道東部・根室半島の付け根に位置する。面積59.01kmは、日本の湖沼では13番目の面積規模を有する。汽水湖としてはサロマ湖に次いで北海道第2位であるが、周囲96kmは汽水湖としては全道1位である。根室湾に直接面しており、湖面の標高は0m。西岸と南岸は標高 30〜40mの台地、北東岸は砂州からなる。東隣には温根沼がある。
主な流入河川は風蓮川、別当賀川、ヤウシュベツ川。風蓮川の河口部には広大な塩沼がある。
湖名の由来は、アイヌ語の「フーレ・ペツ」（赤い川）。これは本来、流入河川の風蓮川を指した地名であり、川に湿原由来の赤く染まった水が流れ込んでいたことにちなむ。湖の方はただ「トー」（沼）と呼ばれていた。
湖の東岸、春国岱には根室市が設置した根室市春国岱原生野鳥公園ネイチャーセンターがあり、日本野鳥の会のレンジャーが常駐する他、周辺の自然に関する展示（常設）などがある。
自然
砂州である春国岱（しゅんくにたい）はアイヌ語の「シュンク・ニタイ」（エゾマツ林）が由来の地名そのままに、砂丘に自生する日本唯一のアカエゾマツ林で覆われている。さらに日本国内で最大級のハマナスの群落がある。
水中生物としては、食用となるオオノガイが生息する。資源枯渇を防ぐため、干潟での漁は1年に2日間のみ行われる。
周囲には湿地帯が広がっているために、食糧を得られること、陸上を徘徊する捕食者にも襲われにくいこと、隠れ場所となる植生が存在することなどから、タンチョウの営巣地や水鳥の飛来地になっている。
越冬するハクチョウの飛来地としても有名。渡り鳥が多数訪れることで知られる。エゾシカの越冬地としても知られ、結氷した湖面や砂州に集まる姿が見られる。
湖とそれに伴う湿原の重要性から、日本国政府は1993年に国指定風蓮湖鳥獣保護区（集団飛来地）に指定した（面積7,806ha、うち特別保護地区6,139ha）。その後、春国岱とともに「特に水鳥の生息地として国際的に重要な湿地に関する条約」（ラムサール条約）が指定する湿地の候補として選定した。2005年10月21日には国内での登録を終え、2005年11月8日第9回会議で正式に決定された。
別海十景や根室十景にも指定されている。
2022年6月、環境省は野付半島と風蓮湖、根室半島周辺を国定公園の新規指定候補地として選定。既存の野付風蓮道立自然公園を拡大する形で2030年までの国定公園指定を目指すとしている。
交通
湖の北・西岸には別海町、標津郡標津町、根室市に通じる国道243号や国道244号が走る。東岸には北海道道475号風蓮湖公園線が走り、国道244号交点から入る。南岸には根室市、厚岸郡浜中町に通じる国道44号が走る。
湖畔東南に道の駅スワン44ねむろがある。
脚注
関連項目
日本の湖沼一覧
山内恵介 － 2009年にシングル『風蓮湖』をリリース。
槍昔
外部リンク
風連湖 - 北海道公式観光サイト（公益社団法人 北海道観光振興機構）
国指定鳥獣保護区
北海道の湖沼
日本のラムサール条約登録地
北海道の自然景勝地
根室市の地理
別海町の地理
日本の潟湖.
|
github_open_source_100_1_550 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | (function(window, undefined) {'use strict';
angular.module('DevopsDashboard.widget.impala', ['adf.provider'])
.config(["dashboardProvider", function(dashboardProvider){
dashboardProvider
.widget('impala', {
title: 'Impala Query',
description: 'Used to query Cloudera through Impala',
authorizedGroups: ['myorg_all'],
templateUrl: 'app/widgets/impala/src/view.html',
edit: {
templateUrl: 'app/widgets/impala/src/edit.html'
},
controller: 'ImpalaCtrl'
});
}])
.factory('ImpalaClient', ['$resource', function($resource){
return $resource('/impala', null, {
'query': {method:'POST', params:{query: '@query'}}
});
}])
.controller('ImpalaCtrl', ["$scope", "ImpalaClient", function($scope, ImpalaClient) {
$scope.searchString = "";
$scope.results = "";
$scope.search = function() {
ImpalaClient.query({query:$scope.searchString}, function(results) {
$scope.results = results;
});
}
}]);
angular.module("DevopsDashboard.widget.impala").run(["$templateCache", function($templateCache) {$templateCache.put("app/widgets/impala/src/edit.html","");
$templateCache.put("app/widgets/impala/src/view.html","<div class=form-group><label for=query>Query String</label> <textarea placeholder=\"SELECT column_name FROM table_name\" ng-model=searchString class=form-control id=query></textarea></div><div class=form-group><div class=button-wrapper><button type=button class=\"btn btn-success\" ng-click=search()>Search</button></div></div><pre>{{results | json}}</pre>");}]);})(window);
|
sn97071038_1914-11-12_1_21_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE RECTfON 15 HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION SERIAL. By too. Bur McCntclieon Copyright, 1913, By Geo. Barr McCutcieon. A Fool and His Money i . ,. The rmo47 VtdnVta th. T rhnrf T . ,ne custody ol the lady s child. The Count demands a mi The mother abducts the child and selects the castle as a hiding place. Bmart fears trouble with the him of the danger. A number of visitor, make, it difficult to keep secret the present of the oWnte .t.Ji."!il"D"in ""'" ecP-but .lams a doo, - behind her The visiSir .vTaT-.. .kJ . Vi awaraea tne custody ol the lady's child. The Count demands a million dollar, from bis rich American fatherin-lsw. when wouia jive it up. although ahe ware. almoat comes upon authorities, but decides to asaist the fair divorcee. Countess in the castle. One guest, familiar with the castas, lot. finally the party leave. and Smart is rel.ev J, 10". upTgd l,?io . Ln of'toney, touS&JT' . " " T .. SYNOPSIS OP PREVIOUS IKSTALLMENTS lory. H has just written his first novel Tnd Y. i. . 1 . i ' 7,, cVDt,an omg novel, we learn of John Bellamy Smart, the young man who Is telling ihia discovers M ,'c"t m e .Mi h. ZL, ( t Jam. tim. has fallen heir U, an immense fortune left h.m by hi. ancle. Smart taKes . trip on the Hirer Danube H. A family of Schnuck, Cter Smart and other notable individuals, took possession of the castle, which is barred to him. She grants a brief interview, but refuses to explain why, but at the slightest unusual sound that morning, I found myself shooting an involuntary glance at the imperturbable feature of Ludwig the Red. Sometimes I stopped in the middle of a sentence, to look and to listen rather more intently than earned absolutely necessary, and in each occasion I was obliged to begin the sentence all over again, because, for the life of me, I couldn't remember what it was I had set out today in dictation. Poopendyke said an air of patient tolerance about him that irritated me intensely. More than once I thought I detected him in the act of suppressing a smile. At eleven o'clock, Blattehford came to the door. His ordinarily stoical feature, bore signs of a great, though subdued excitement. I had a fleeting glimpse of Britton in the distance, a sort of Passing shadow, as it were, passing shadow, as it were. "A note for you, sir, if you please," said he. He was holding the salver almost on a level with his nose. It seemed to be that he was looking at it out of the corner of his eye. My heart, my incomprehensible heart, gave a leap that sent the blood rushing to my face. He advanced, not with his usual imposing tread but with a sprig of steel that pleased me vastly. I took the little pearl grey envelope from the salver, and carelessly glanced at the superscription. There was a curious ringing in my ears. "Thank you, Blatehford; that will do." "I beg your pardon, sir, but there is to be an answer." "Oh," said I. I had the feeling that at least fifty eyes were upon me, although I am bound to admit that both Poopendyke and the footman were actively engaged in looking it, another direction. I tore open the envelope. "Have you deserted me entirely? Won't you please come and see me! Thanks for the violets, but I can't talk to violets, you know. Please come up for luncheon." I managed to dash off a brief note in a fairly nonchalant manner. Blatehford almost committed the unpardonable crime of slamming the door behind him, he was in such a hurry to be off with the message. Then I went over and stood above Mr. Poopendyke. "Mr. Poopendyke," said I slowly, darkly, "what do you know about those violets?" He quailed. "I hope you don't mind, Mr. Smart. It's all right. I put one of your cards in, so that there couldn't be any mistake." CHAPTER XIII. I Visit and Am Tinted. ALFWAY up the windings stair way. I paused in some astonishment. It had just occurred to me that I was going to the steps two at a time and that my heart was beating like mad. I reflected. Here was I racing along like a schoolboy, and wherefore? What occasion was then for such unseemly haste? Is the first place, it was now but a few minutes after eleven, and she had asked me for luncheon; there was no getting around that. At best luncheon was two hours off. So why was I galloping like this? The series of self-inflicted questions found me utterly unprepared; I couldn't get at them intelligently; I was befuddled. I progressed more slowly, more deliberately, finally coming to a full top in a sitting posture in one of the window easements, where I lighted a cigarette and proceeded to thresh the thing out in my hand before going any farther. The fundamental problem was this: why was I breaking my neck to get to her before Blatchford had time to deliver my response to her appealing little note? It was something of a facer, and it set me wondering. Why was I so eager? Could it be possible that there was anything in the speculation of my servants? I recalled the sensation of supreme delight that shot through me when I received her note, but after that I queer sort of oblivion seemed to have ruined me, from which I was but now merging in a timely struggle for self-control. There was something really startling about it, after all. I profess to be a steady, level-headed, prostrate sort of person, and this surprising revelation to extreme youthfulness rather staggered me. In fact, it brought a cold chill of suspicion into existence. Grown-up men do not, as a rule, fly off the head unless confronted by some prodigious motion, such as terror, grief, or guilt. And yet here was I going into a perfect rampage of rapture ever a simple, unconventional communication from a lady whom I had known for less than a month and for whom I had no real feeling of sympathy whatever. The chill of suspicion continued to increase. If it had been a cigar that I was smoking, it would have gone out through neglect. A cigarotto goes on forever and smells. After ten minutes of serious, undisturbed consideration of the matter, I came to the final conclusion that it was not love but pity that had driven me to such abnormal activity. It was nonsense to even argue the point. Having thoroughly settled the matter to my own satisfaction and relief, I acknowledged a feeling of shame for having been so precipitous. I shudder to think of the look she would have given me if I had burned upon her while in the throes of that extraordinary siege. Obviously, I had lost my wits. Now I had them once more, I knew what to do with them. First of all, I would wait until one o'clock before presenting myself for luncheon. Clearly that was the thing to do. Secondly, I would wait on this side of the castle instead of returning to my own rooms, thereby avoiding a very unpleasant gauntlet. Luckily, I had profited by the discussion in the servants' quarters and was not wearing a three days' growth of beard. Moreover, I had taken considerable pain, in dressing that morning. Evidently, a presentiment. For an hour and a half by my watch, but fire or six by my nerves, I passed the lonely, sequestered halls in the lower regions of the castle. Two or three times I was sure that my watch had stopped, the hands seemed so stationary. The third time I tried to wind it, I broke the mainspring, but as it was nearly one o'clock not much harm was done. That one little sentence, "nave you deserted me?" grew to be a voluminous indictment. I could think of nothing else. There was something ineffably sad and pathetic about it. Had she been unhappy because of my beastly behavior? Was her poor little heart sore over my incomprehensible conduct. Perhaps she had cried through sheer loneliness. But no! It would never do for me to even think of her in tears. I remembered having detected tears in her lovely eyes early in our acquaintance and the sight of them or the sensation, if you please quite unmanned me. At last, I approached her door. Upon my soul, my legs were trembling. I experienced a silly sensation of fear. A few problems confronted me: what was I to say to her? Following close upon this came another and even graver question: what would she say to me? Suppose she were to look at me with hurt, reproachful eyes and speak to me with a little quaver in her voice as she held out her hand to me timidly what then! What would become of me! By Jove, the answer that flashed through my whole body almost deprived me of reason. I hesitated, then, plucking up my courage and putting all silly questions behind me, I rapped resoundingly upon the door. The excellent Hawkes opened it. I started back in dismay. He stood aside impressively. "Mr. Smart!" he announced. "Dammy, all!" I caught sight of the Countess. She was arranging some flowers on the table. Blatchford was placing the knives and forks. Helen Marie Louise Aitkinette stood beside her mistress holding a box of flowers in her hands. What was it that I had been thinking out there in those gloomy halls! That he would greet me with a pathetic, hurt look and... "Good morning!" she cried gaily. "Hark! Pathetic! She was radiant! "So glad to see you again. Hawkes has told me how busy you've been." She dried her hands on the abbreviated apron of Helen Marie Louise Antoinette and then quite composedly extended one for me to shake. I bowed low over it. "Awfully, awfully busy," I murmured. Was it relief to find her so happy and unconcerned that swept through me! I am morally, but shamelessly certain it wasn't! Don't you think the roses are lovely in that old silver bowl!" "Exquisite." "Blatchford found it is the plate vault," she said, standing off to admire the effect. Do you mind if I go on arranging them!" she asked, and without waiting for an answer resumed her employment. "Bon jour, m'sieur," said Helen Varie Louise Antoinette over her mistress' shoulder. One never knows whether a French maid is polite or merely spiteful. "It seems ages since I saw you last," said the Countess in a matter-of-fact tone, jiggling a rose into position and then standing off to study the effect, her head cocked prettily at an angle of inquiry. It suddenly occurred to me that she go on very well without me during the ages. The discovery irritated me. She was not behaving at all as I had expected. This cool, even casual reception certainly was not in keeping with my idea of what it ought to have been. "But Mr. Poopendyko has been awfully kind. He has given me all the news." Poopendyko had been visiting her without my knowledge or was I about to say consent. "There hasn't been a rest deal of news," I said. She dropped a long-stemmed rose and waited for me to pick it up. "Thank you," she said. "Oh, did it prick you!" "Yes," said I flatly. Then we both gave the closest attention to the end of my thumb while I triumphantly squeezed a tiny drop of blood out of it. I sucked it. The incident was closed. She was no longer interested in the laceration. "Mr. Poopendyke knew how lonely I would be. He telephoned twice a day." I thought I detected a slight note of pain in her voice. But it was so alight that it was hardly worth while to exult. "So you thought I had deserted pes," I said, and was a little surprised at the gruffness in my voice. "The violets appeased me," she said, with a smile. For the first time I noticed that she was wearing a large bunch of them. "You will be bankrupt, Mr. Smart, if you keep on buying roses and violets and orchids for me." So the roses were mine also I shot a swift glance at the mantelpiece, irresistibly moved by some mysterious force. There were two bowls of orchids there. I couldn't help thinking of the meddling, over-sealous genius that served the hero of Anstey's "Brass Bottle" tale. He was being outdone by my efficacious secretary, "But they are lovely," she cried, noting the expression in my face and misconstruing it. "You are an angel." That was the last straw. "I am nothing of the sort," I exclaimed, very hot and uncomfortable. "You are," was her retort. "There! Isn't it a lovely centre-piece! Now, you must come and see Rosemary. She adores the new elephant you sent to her." "I began, blinking my eyes. "Oh oh, yes, yes. Ha, ha! the elephant. Good Heavens, had that idiotic Poopendyke started a menagerie in my castle! I was vastly relieved to find that the elephant Was made of felt and not too large to keep Rosemary from wielding it skilfully in an assault upon the hapless Jinko. She had it firmly gripped by the proboscis, and she was shrieking with delight. Jinko was barking in vain glorious defense. The racket was terrible. The Countess succeeded in quelling the disturbance, and Rosemary ran up to kiss me, Jinko, who disliked me because I looked like the Count, also ran up, but his subject was to bite me. I made up my mind, there and then that if I should ever, by any chance, fall in love with his mistress, I would inaugurate the courting period by slaying Jinko. Rosemary gleefully permitted me to sip honey from that warm little spot as her seek, and I forgot many odious things. As I held her in my arms, I experienced a vivid longing to have a child of my own, just like Rosemary. Our hunch was not as gay nor as unconventional as others that had preceded it. The Countess vainly tried to make it as brightly as its predecessors, but gave over in despair in the face of my taciturnity. Her spirits drooped. She became strangely uneasy and, I thought, preoccupied. "What is on your mind, Countess?" I asked rather gruffly, after a painful silence of some duration. She regarded me fixedly for a moment. She seemed to be searching my thoughts. "You," she said very succinctly. "Why are you so quiet, so funeral?" I observed a faint tinge of red in her cheeks and an ominous steadiness in her face. Was there anger also! I apologized for my manners, and assured her that my work was responsible. But her moodiness increased. At last, apparently at the end of her resources, she announced that she was tired that after we had had a cigarette she would ask to be excused, as she wanted to lie down. Would I come to see her the next day? "But don't think of coming, Mr. Smart," she declared, "if you feel you cannot spare the time away from your work." I began to feel heartily ashamed of my berchiness. After all, why should I expend my unpleasant humor in her? "My dear Countess," I exclaimed, "is playing a livelier interest than at any time before, "I shall be delighted to see you. Permit me to add that my work may go hang." Her face brightened. "But men must work," she objected. "Not when women are winning to play," I said. "Splendid!" she cried. "You are reviving. I feel better. If you are going to be nice, I'll let you stay." "Thanks. I'll do my best." She seemed to be weighing something in her mind. Her chin was in her hands, her elbows resting on the edge of the table. She was regarding me with speculative eyes. "If you don't mind what the servants are saying about us, Mr. Smart, I am quite sure I do not." I caught my breath. . "Oh, I understand everything," she cried mischievously, before I could stammer anything in reply. "They are building a delightful romance around us. And why not? Why begrudge them the pleasure! No harm can come of it, you see." "Certainly no harm can come of it, you see." "Certainly no harm can come of it, you see." "Ha, ha!" I laughed in a strained effort, but sat into my sleeve. "I rejoice to hear you say that you don't mind. No more do I. It's rather jolly." "Fancy anyone thinking we could possibly fall in love with each other," she sobbed. Her eyes were very bright. Then was a suggestion of cold water in that remark. "Yes, just fancy," I agreed. "Absurd!" "But, of course, as you say, if they can get any pleasure out of it, why should we object! It's a difficult matter keeping cook any way." "Well, we are bosom friends, one man, are we not! I am so relieved." "I suppose Poopendyke told you the gossip!" "Oh, not I had it from my maid. She is perfectly terrible. All French maids are, in fact, Smart. Beware of French maids! She would have it any other way than that I am desperately in love with you. Isn't she delicious?" "Eh!" I gasped. "And she confides the wonderful secret to everyone in the castle, from Rosemary Down to Jinko. "Upon my soul" I murmured. "And so now they all are saying that I am in love with you," she laughed. "Isn't it perfectly ludicrous." "Perfectly," I said without enthusiasm. My heart sank like a head. Ludicrous! Was that the way it appeared to her! I had a little spirit left. "Quite as ludicrous in the fancy Britton has about me. He is obsessed by the idea that I am in love with you. What do you think of that?" - She started. I thought her eyes narrowed for a second. "Riddles," she said, very simply. Then she arose abruptly. "If you read the bell for Hawkes." I did so. Hawkes appeared. "Clear the table, Hawkes," she said. "I want you to read all these newspapers dippings. Mat Smart," she went on, pointing to a table on a chair near the window. We crossed the room. "Now that you know Who I am, I insist on you reading all that the papers have been saying about me during the past five or six weeks." I protested, but she was firm. "Every one else in the world has been reading about my affairs, so you must do likewise. No, it isn't necessary to read all of them. I will select the most lurid and the most glowing. You see there are two sides to the case. The papers that father can control are united is defending my actions; the European press is just the other way. Bit down, please. I'll hand them to you." For as hour I sat there in the window absorbing the astonishing history of the Tassey abduction case. felt rather than observed the intense scrutiny with which she favored me. At last, she tossed the remainder of the bundle unread, into a corner. Her face was aglow with pleasure. "You've read both sides, and I've watches you oh, so closely. You don't believe what the papers over here have to say. I saw the scowls when you read the translations that Mr. Poopendyke has typed for me. Now I know that you do not feel so bitterly toward me as you did at first." I was resolved to make a last determined stand for my original convictions. "But our own papers, the New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago journals, and the voice, in a way, my principal contention is the matter, Countess. They deplore the wretched custom among the idle but ambitious rich that made possible this whole lamentable state of affairs. I mean the custom of getting a title into the family at any cost." My dear Mr. Smart," she said seriously, "do you really contend that all of the conjugal unhappiness and unrest of the world is confined to the American girls who marry noblemen? Has it escaped your notice that there are thousands of unhappy marriages and equally happy divorces in America every year in which noblemen do not figure at all? Have you not read of countless cases over there is which conditions are quite similar, to those which make the Tarnowsy fiasco as notorious! Are not American women stealing their children from American husbands? Are all American husbands so perfect that Count Tarnowsy would appear black among them? Are there no American men who marry for money, and are there no American girls gives in marriage to wealthy suitors of all ages, ereeds and habits? Why do you misunderstand that an unfortunate alliance with a foreign nobleman is any worse than an unhappy marriage with an ordinary American but? Are there no bad husbands in America?" |
github_open_source_100_1_551 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #include <iostream>
#include "trie.hpp"
int main()
{
std::cout<<"Hello Trie!\n";
Trie trie;
trie.insert("alano");
trie.insert("carol");
trie.insert("julia");
std::cout << trie.contains("carol") << std::endl;
return 0;
} |
github_open_source_100_1_552 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /**
* MSX SDK
* MSX SDK client.
*
* The version of the OpenAPI document: 1.0.8
*
*
* NOTE: This class is auto generated by OpenAPI Generator (https://openapi-generator.tech).
* https://openapi-generator.tech
* Do not edit the class manually.
*
*/
import ApiClient from "../ApiClient";
import Error from '../model/Error';
import Template from '../model/Template';
import TemplateCreate from '../model/TemplateCreate';
import TemplatePatch from '../model/TemplatePatch';
import TemplatesPage from '../model/TemplatesPage';
/**
* Templates service.
* @module api/TemplatesApi
* @version 1.0.8
*/
export default class TemplatesApi {
/**
* Constructs a new TemplatesApi.
* @alias module:api/TemplatesApi
* @class
* @param {module:ApiClient} [apiClient] Optional API client implementation to use,
* default to {@link module:ApiClient#instance} if unspecified.
*/
constructor(apiClient) {
this.apiClient = apiClient || ApiClient.instance;
}
/**
* Deletes a template.
* @param {String} id
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with an object containing HTTP response
*/
deleteTemplateWithHttpInfo(id) {
let postBody = null;
// verify the required parameter 'id' is set
if (id === undefined || id === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'id' when calling deleteTemplate");
}
let pathParams = {
'id': id
};
let queryParams = {
};
let headerParams = {
};
let formParams = {
};
let authNames = [];
let contentTypes = [];
let accepts = ['application/json'];
let returnType = null;
return this.apiClient.callApi(
'/template/api/v8/templates/{id}', 'DELETE',
pathParams, queryParams, headerParams, formParams, postBody,
authNames, contentTypes, accepts, returnType, null
);
}
/**
* Deletes a template.
* @param {String} id
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}
*/
deleteTemplate(id) {
return this.deleteTemplateWithHttpInfo(id)
.then(function(response_and_data) {
return response_and_data.data;
});
}
/**
* Returns a template by id.
* @param {String} id
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with an object containing data of type {@link module:model/Template} and HTTP response
*/
getTemplateWithHttpInfo(id) {
let postBody = null;
// verify the required parameter 'id' is set
if (id === undefined || id === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'id' when calling getTemplate");
}
let pathParams = {
'id': id
};
let queryParams = {
};
let headerParams = {
};
let formParams = {
};
let authNames = [];
let contentTypes = [];
let accepts = ['application/json'];
let returnType = Template;
return this.apiClient.callApi(
'/template/api/v8/templates/{id}', 'GET',
pathParams, queryParams, headerParams, formParams, postBody,
authNames, contentTypes, accepts, returnType, null
);
}
/**
* Returns a template by id.
* @param {String} id
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with data of type {@link module:model/Template}
*/
getTemplate(id) {
return this.getTemplateWithHttpInfo(id)
.then(function(response_and_data) {
return response_and_data.data;
});
}
/**
* Returns a template history by id.
* @param {String} id
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with an object containing data of type {@link Array.<module:model/Template>} and HTTP response
*/
getTemplateHistoryWithHttpInfo(id) {
let postBody = null;
// verify the required parameter 'id' is set
if (id === undefined || id === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'id' when calling getTemplateHistory");
}
let pathParams = {
'id': id
};
let queryParams = {
};
let headerParams = {
};
let formParams = {
};
let authNames = [];
let contentTypes = [];
let accepts = ['application/json'];
let returnType = [Template];
return this.apiClient.callApi(
'/template/api/v8/templates/{id}/history', 'GET',
pathParams, queryParams, headerParams, formParams, postBody,
authNames, contentTypes, accepts, returnType, null
);
}
/**
* Returns a template history by id.
* @param {String} id
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with data of type {@link Array.<module:model/Template>}
*/
getTemplateHistory(id) {
return this.getTemplateHistoryWithHttpInfo(id)
.then(function(response_and_data) {
return response_and_data.data;
});
}
/**
* Returns a page of templates.
* @param {Number} page
* @param {Number} pageSize
* @param {Object} opts Optional parameters
* @param {Boolean} opts.calculateTotalItems
* @param {String} opts.externalId External ID to filter templates by.
* @param {String} opts.service Name of service to filter templates by.
* @param {Array.<String>} opts.tags
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with an object containing data of type {@link module:model/TemplatesPage} and HTTP response
*/
getTemplatesPageWithHttpInfo(page, pageSize, opts) {
opts = opts || {};
let postBody = null;
// verify the required parameter 'page' is set
if (page === undefined || page === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'page' when calling getTemplatesPage");
}
// verify the required parameter 'pageSize' is set
if (pageSize === undefined || pageSize === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'pageSize' when calling getTemplatesPage");
}
let pathParams = {
};
let queryParams = {
'page': page,
'pageSize': pageSize,
'calculateTotalItems': opts['calculateTotalItems'],
'externalId': opts['externalId'],
'service': opts['service'],
'tags': this.apiClient.buildCollectionParam(opts['tags'], 'multi')
};
let headerParams = {
};
let formParams = {
};
let authNames = [];
let contentTypes = [];
let accepts = ['application/json'];
let returnType = TemplatesPage;
return this.apiClient.callApi(
'/template/api/v8/templates', 'GET',
pathParams, queryParams, headerParams, formParams, postBody,
authNames, contentTypes, accepts, returnType, null
);
}
/**
* Returns a page of templates.
* @param {Number} page
* @param {Number} pageSize
* @param {Object} opts Optional parameters
* @param {Boolean} opts.calculateTotalItems
* @param {String} opts.externalId External ID to filter templates by.
* @param {String} opts.service Name of service to filter templates by.
* @param {Array.<String>} opts.tags
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with data of type {@link module:model/TemplatesPage}
*/
getTemplatesPage(page, pageSize, opts) {
return this.getTemplatesPageWithHttpInfo(page, pageSize, opts)
.then(function(response_and_data) {
return response_and_data.data;
});
}
/**
* Imports a template.
* @param {module:model/TemplateCreate} templateCreate
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with an object containing data of type {@link module:model/Template} and HTTP response
*/
importTemplateWithHttpInfo(templateCreate) {
let postBody = templateCreate;
// verify the required parameter 'templateCreate' is set
if (templateCreate === undefined || templateCreate === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'templateCreate' when calling importTemplate");
}
let pathParams = {
};
let queryParams = {
};
let headerParams = {
};
let formParams = {
};
let authNames = [];
let contentTypes = ['application/json'];
let accepts = ['application/json'];
let returnType = Template;
return this.apiClient.callApi(
'/template/api/v8/templates', 'POST',
pathParams, queryParams, headerParams, formParams, postBody,
authNames, contentTypes, accepts, returnType, null
);
}
/**
* Imports a template.
* @param {module:model/TemplateCreate} templateCreate
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with data of type {@link module:model/Template}
*/
importTemplate(templateCreate) {
return this.importTemplateWithHttpInfo(templateCreate)
.then(function(response_and_data) {
return response_and_data.data;
});
}
/**
* Updates a template status.
* @param {String} id
* @param {module:model/TemplatePatch} templatePatch
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with an object containing data of type {@link module:model/Template} and HTTP response
*/
updateTemplateStatusWithHttpInfo(id, templatePatch) {
let postBody = templatePatch;
// verify the required parameter 'id' is set
if (id === undefined || id === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'id' when calling updateTemplateStatus");
}
// verify the required parameter 'templatePatch' is set
if (templatePatch === undefined || templatePatch === null) {
throw new Error("Missing the required parameter 'templatePatch' when calling updateTemplateStatus");
}
let pathParams = {
'id': id
};
let queryParams = {
};
let headerParams = {
};
let formParams = {
};
let authNames = [];
let contentTypes = ['application/json'];
let accepts = ['application/json'];
let returnType = Template;
return this.apiClient.callApi(
'/template/api/v8/templates/{id}', 'PATCH',
pathParams, queryParams, headerParams, formParams, postBody,
authNames, contentTypes, accepts, returnType, null
);
}
/**
* Updates a template status.
* @param {String} id
* @param {module:model/TemplatePatch} templatePatch
* @return {Promise} a {@link https://www.promisejs.org/|Promise}, with data of type {@link module:model/Template}
*/
updateTemplateStatus(id, templatePatch) {
return this.updateTemplateStatusWithHttpInfo(id, templatePatch)
.then(function(response_and_data) {
return response_and_data.data;
});
}
}
|
FC391140398_20160525.txt_1 | French Open Data | Various open data | FINAL TERMS
Dated 25 May 2016
ETFS COMMODITY SECURITIES LIMITED
(Incorporated and registered in Jersey under the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991 (as amended)
with registered number 90959)
(the “Issuer”)
Programme for the Issue of ETFS Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities
Issue of
3,200 ETFS 3x Daily Long Natural Gas Securities
(the “ETFS Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities”)
These Final Terms (as referred to in the prospectus (the “Prospectus”) dated 19 October 2015 in relation to the
above Programme) relates to the issue of the ETFS Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities referred to above.
The ETFS Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities have the terms provided for in the trust instrument dated 8
February 2008 as amended and supplemented by trust instruments supplemental thereto between the Issuer and
The Law Debenture Trust Corporation p.l.c. as trustee constituting the ETFS Short and Leveraged Commodity
Securities. Words and expressions used in these Final Terms not defined herein bear the same meaning as in the
Prospectus.
These Final Terms have been prepared for the purpose of Article 5(4) of Directive 2003/71/EC and must be read in
conjunction with the Prospectus and any supplement, which are published in accordance with Article 14 of Directive
2003/71/EC on the website of the Issuer: http://www.etfsecurities.com. In order to get the full information both the
Prospectus (and any supplement) and these Final Terms must be read in conjunction. A summary of the individual
issue is annexed to these Final Terms.
The particulars in relation to this issue of ETFS Short or Leveraged Commodity Securities are as follows:
Issue Date:
26 May 2016
Class:
ETFS 3x Daily Long Natural Gas Securities
Creation Price:
12.1327360 $
ISIN:
JE00BYQY5H56
Aggregate Number of ETFS Commodity Securities to which 3,200
these Final Terms apply:
Maximum number/amount of ETFS Short or Leveraged
Commodity Securities to which these Final Terms apply:
The aggregate number of Three Times Short
Commodity Securities and Three Times Leveraged
Commodity Securities (including those issued pursuant
to these final terms) may not exceed 1,000,000,000
unless increased by the Issuer in accordance with the
Trust Instrument.
Exchange on which ETFS Short or Leveraged Commodity
Securities are admitted to trading:
Borsa Italiana;London Stock Exchange;
The Issuer does not fall under Article 5.1 or 5.2 of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 as amended by Council
Regulation (EU) No. 960/2014 of 8 September 2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia's actions
destabilising the situation in Ukraine
RÉSUMÉ
ETFS Commodity Securities Limited
Résumé de prospectus
Programme d'émission en date du 19 octobre 2015
relatif à l’Émission de
Titres ETFS Short Commodity Securities et de Titres ETFS Leveraged Commodity Securities
Les résumés sont composés d'informations financières dont la publication est obligatoire désignées comme les
« Éléments ». Ces éléments sont numérotés dans les sections A à E (et plus précisément A.1 à E.7).
Le présent résumé contient la totalité des Éléments que doit obligatoirement comprendre un résumé sur ce type
de titres et d'Émetteur. Les lacunes dans la numérotation s'expliquent par le fait qu’il n’est pas obligatoire
d’aborder certains Éléments.
Même si l'inclusion d'un Élément particulier dans le résumé s'avère obligatoire en raison du type de titres et
d'Émetteur, il est possible qu'aucune information pertinente ne puisse être donnée concernant cet Élément.
Lorsqu'un tel cas se présente, le résumé donne un court descriptif de l'Élément en question, assorti de la mention
« sans objet ».
Section A - Introduction et Avertissements
A.1
Information
relative aux
avertissements
standards
Il convient de lire le présent résumé comme une introduction au prospectus de base
des Titres ETFS Commodity Securities Limited concernant le programme d’émission
des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities en date du 19 octobre 2015 (le
« Prospectus ») ;
il convient qu'avant toute décision d'investir dans les ETFS Short Commodity
Securities et/ou les ETFS Leveraged Commodity Securities, l'investisseur prenne en
considération le Prospectus dans son ensemble ;
en cas de plainte portée devant les tribunaux par un investisseur concernant les
informations contenues dans le Prospectus, le demandeur est susceptible, en vertu
de la législation nationale de tel État membre, de prendre à sa charge le coût de la
traduction du Prospectus avant d'intenter l'action en justice ;
la responsabilité civile ne peut être invoquée que pour les personnes qui ont publié
le résumé, et toute traduction qui s’y rattache, et uniquement si celui‑ci est
trompeur, inexact ou incohérent lorsqu'il est lu conjointement aux autres parties du
Prospectus, informations clés destinées à aider l'investisseur à décider d'investir ou
non dans les ETFS Short Commodity Securities ou les ETFS Leveraged Commodity
Securities.
A.2
Information
relative à l'accord
L'Émetteur a donné son accord pour l'utilisation de ce Prospectus et a accepté la
responsabilité de son contenu pour toute revente ultérieure ou placement final par
d'utilisation du
Prospectus pour la
revente ultérieure
ou le placement
final des titres par
des intermédiaires
financiers
voie d'offre au public de Short Commodity Securities ou de Leveraged Commodity
Securities (telle que décrite ci-dessous), aussi bien en Autriche, en Belgique, au
Danemark, en Finlande, en France, en Allemagne, en Irlande, en Italie, au Portugal,
aux Pays‑Bas, en Norvège, en Espagne, en Suède qu'au Royaume-Uni, par tout
intermédiaire financier considéré comme une entreprise d'investissement au sens
de la Directive européenne concernant les marchés d'instruments financiers, telle
qu’amendée (MiFID) et agréé conformément à la MiFID dans n'importe lequel des
états membres. Ledit accord s'applique à toute revente ou placement final par voie
d'offre au public pendant les 12 mois qui suivent la publication du Prospectus, sauf
révocation de l'accord avant ce terme par un avis publié sur le site internet de
l'Émetteur. Hormis le droit pour l'Émetteur de révoquer son accord, aucune autre
condition n’est attachée à l’accord décrit dans le présent paragraphe.
Au cas où un intermédiaire financier ferait une offre, celui‑ci devra fournir des
informations à l’investisseur sur la base des conditions générales de l'offre au
moment où celle-ci est faite. Tout intermédiaire financier se servant du
Prospectus dans le cadre d'une offre doit stipuler sur son site internet qu'il utilise
le Prospectus conformément à l'accord donné et aux conditions qui s'y rattachent.
C’est une condition de cet accord que l’intermédiaire financier souhaitant
revendre ou faire un placement final de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities
par le biais d’une offre au public, ne puisse réutiliser le Prospectus à cet effet à
moins qu’elle ne soit réalisée dans des juridictions spécifiquement convenues et
durant une période d’offre convenue, étant entendu que cette offre doit être faite
pendant la Période d’Offre précisée dans les Conditions Définitives.
L’intermédiaire financier ne peut pas autrement réutiliser le Prospectus pour
vendre des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities.
Au cas où offre au public est réalisée dans une ou plusieurs Juridictions dans
lesquelles une Offre au Public est prévue, les Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities peuvent être offertes et vendues aux personnes de ces Juridictions, qui
sont éligibles pour participer à une offre au public de ces titres dans cette
juridiction aux termes de la réglementation applicable.
L’Emetteur n’a pas autorisé et n’autorise pas l’offre de Short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities dans toute autre circonstance.
Résumé spécifique à l’émission
Juridiction(s) dans lesquelle(s) une Offre au Public est prévue
Période d’offre
Section B - l'Émetteur
B.1
Dénomination
sociale et nom
commercial
ETFS Commodity Securities Limited (ci-après, l'« Émetteur »).
B.2
Siège social/ Forme
juridique/
Législation/ Pays
d’enregistrement
L'Émetteur est une société par actions, constituée et immatriculée à Jersey en vertu
de la Loi sur les sociétés (de Jersey) de 1991 (telle que modifiée) sous le numéro
d’immatriculation 90959.
B.16
Contrôle direct ou
indirect de
l'Émetteur
Les actions de l'Émetteur sont entièrement détenues par ETFS Holdings (Jersey)
Limited (ci-après « HoldCo »), une société holding constituée à Jersey. Les actions
de HoldCo sont la propriété directe d'ETF Securities Limited (ci-après « ETFSL »),
également constituée à Jersey. L’Emetteur n’est, ni directement ni indirectement,
détenu ou contrôlé par une autre partie au programme.
B.20
Structure à finalité
spécifique
L'Émetteur a été constitué en tant que structure à finalité spécifique aux fins
d’émettre des exchange traded commodities (« ETCs ») en tant que des titres
adossés à des créances.
B.21
Activités
principales et
présentation
générale des
parties
L'activité principale de l'Émetteur est l'émission de plusieurs catégories de titres de
créance adossés à des contrats dérivés liés aux indices de matière première.
Conformément au Prospectus, l’Émetteur a émis des titres de créance (les « Short
et Leveraged Commodity Securities ») qui (avant les frais et commissions)
fournissent soit une exposition courte simple (-1 fois), une triple exposition courte (3 fois), une double exposition longue (fois 2) ou une triple exposition longue (fois 3)
par rapport aux modifications journalières de ces indices de matières premières
calculés et publiés par Bloomberg L.P. et/ou Bloomberg Finance L.P. et/ou les filiales
de ces dernières (ensemble « Bloomberg ») (les « Indices sur Matières Premières
Bloomberg » et chacun l’ « Indice sur Matières Premières Bloomberg»). Les Indices
sur Matières Premières Bloomberg répliquent les variations de prix des contrats à
terme individuels de matières premières ou de paniers de contrats à terme de
matières premières. Jusqu’au 30 juin 2014, les Indices Bloomberg sur Matières
Premières étaient calculés et publiés par CME Group Index Services LLC en
coopération avec UBS Securities LLC et étaient connus sous la dénomination « The
Dow Jones – UBS Commodity Indices SM ». L'Émetteur a mis en place un
programme dans le cadre duquel différentes catégories de short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities peuvent être émis à intervalles divers. L’Émetteur a mis en
place un programme dans le cadre duquel différentes catégories de Short et
Commodity Securities peuvent être émis à intervalles divers.
L’Émetteur acquière une exposition aux variations quotidiennes du niveau des
Indices sur Matières Premières Bloomberg en concluant des contrats de dérivés
garantis entièrement financés (les « Contrats sur Matières Premières ») avec UBS
AG, succursale de Londres (« UBS ») et Merrill Lynch Commodities Inc. (« MLCI »).
MLCI et UBS sont toutes deux connues comme étant les « Contreparties aux
Contrats sur Matières Premières ». Les dispositions des Contrats sur Matières
Premières achetés ou à acheter par l’Émetteur sont régies (i) par un accord intitulé
« Contrat de Facilité » entre l'Émetteur et UBS conclu en date du 5 août 2009 ; et (ii)
par un accord intitulé « Contrat de Facilité » entre l'Émetteur et MLCI conclu en
date du 14 mars 2011. Les obligations de paiement de MLCI en vertu de son Contrat
de Facilité sont garanties par une caution (ci-après la « Caution BAC ») de Bank of
America Corporation (ci-après « BAC »).
Les obligations des Contreparties aux Contrats sur Matières Premières vis-à-vis de
l’Émetteur en vertu des Contrats sur Matières Premières sont garanties par des
nantissements fournis par les Contreparties aux Contrats sur Matières Premières (le
« Nantissement ») et détenus sur des comptes ouverts au noms des Contreparties
aux Contrats sur Matières Premières auprès de Bank of New York Mellon (ci-après
« BNYM »). Conformément (i) aux accords intitulés « Accord de Garantie UBS »
conclu entre UBS et l’Émetteur et « Accord de Contrôle UBS » conclu entre BNYM,
UBS et l’Émetteur, tous deux en date du 5 août 2009 ; et (ii) aux accords intitulés «
Accord de Garantie MLCI » conclu entre MLCI et l’Émetteur et « Accord de Contrôle
MLCI » conclu entre BNYM, MLCI et l’Émetteur, tous deux en date du 14 mars 2011,
UBS et MLCI sont tenus de transférer sur un compte de nantissement les garanties
et obligations à la valeur de l’exposition totale aux risques de l’Émetteur en vertu
des Contrats sur Matières Premières signés (selon les cas) avec UBS ou MLCI. Le
Nantissement détenu est ajusté chaque jour pour refléter la valeur des Contrats sur
Matières Premières.
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities peuvent être créés et rachetés
quotidiennement par les établissements financiers (ci-après les « Participants
Agréés ») qui (i) ont passé un accord intitulé « Accord de Participant Agréé » avec
l'Émetteur ; (ii) ont certifié à l'Émetteur leur statut au regard de la Loi britannique
sur les services et marchés financiers de 2000 (Financial Services and Markets Act
2000 ou « FSMA ») ; et (iii) (sauf dans le cas où une Contrepartie sur Contrats sur
Matières Premières aurait passé un Accord de Participant Agréé avec l’Émetteur)
ont conclu l’accord correspondant intitulé « Contrat Direct » avec au moins une
Contrepartie aux Contrats sur Matières Premières sans que cette dernière ne les
informe qu’elle ne les reconnaît pas comme Participant Agréé. En l'absence de
Participants Agréés ou en cas d'annonce contraire de l'Émetteur, d'autres
détenteurs de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities peuvent en racheter.
Toutes les autres parties peuvent acheter et vendre des Short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities par négociation sur les bourses ou les marchés sur lesquels
ces titres sont admis à la négociation.
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sont constitués en vertu d'un accord
intitulé « Instrument de Trust » conclu entre l'Émetteur et Law Debenture Trust
Corporation p.l.c. en sa qualité de trustee (ci-après le « Trustee ») de l'ensemble des
droits et créances au titre de l'Instrument de Trust pour toute personne identifiée
sur les registres comme détentrice de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities (ciaprès les « Porteurs de Titres »).
L'Émetteur et le Trustee ont conclu des instruments juridiques distincts intitulés
individuellement « Acte de Garantie » pour chaque panier d’actifs attribuable à
l’une quelconque des catégories de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities
(individuellement, un « Panier ») et les droits et créances détenus par le Trustee en
vertu de chaque Accord de garantie sont détenus par ce dernier en trust pour les
Porteurs de Titres de la catégorie de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities.
ETFS Management Company (Jersey) Limited (ci-après « ManJer »), société qui est
propriété à part entière d’ETFSL, fournit ou organise la prestation de tous les
services de gestion et d'administration à l'Émetteur et règle tous les frais de gestion
et d'administration de l'Émetteur contre une commission acquittée par l'Émetteur.
B.22
Absence d’états
financiers
Sans objet ; les états financiers ont été établis en date du Prospectus.
B.23
Historique des
données
financières clés
2014
USD
2013
USD
Créances d’Exploitation et Autres
2 300 571
2 241 550
Contrats sur Matières Premières
3 244 864 050
3 389 700 130
Contrats sur Matières Premières
en Attente de Règlement
20 473 411
14 211 084
Créances en Attente de Règlement
4 159 320
35 616 361
3 271 797 352
3 441 769 125
Titres sur Matières Premières
3 277 478 201
3 413 854 578
Titres en Attente de Règlement
20 473 411
14 211 084
Dettes en Attente de Règlement
4 159 320
35 616 361
Dettes d'Exploitation et Autres
2 300 569
2 241 548
3 304 411 501
3 465 923 571
2
2
Bénéfices Non Distribués
(32 614 151)
(24 154 448)
Total des Capitaux Propres
(32 614 149)
(24 154 446)
3 271 797 352
3 441 769 125
Actif Circulant
Trésorerie et Equivalent de Trésorerie
Total de l’Actif
Passif Circulant
Total du Passif
Capitaux propres
Capital Déclaré
Total des Capitaux Propres et du Passif
B.24 Changement
défavorable
significatif
Sans objet ; il n'y pas eu de changement défavorable significatif dans les prévisions
de l'Émetteur depuis les derniers états financiers vérifiés par un commissaire aux
comptes qui ont été publiés au 31 décembre 2014.
B.25 Actif sous-jacent
L’actif sous jacent des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities de chaque catégorie,
sur lequel ils sont adossés et par lequel ils sont garantis, est constitué de :
- droits et intérêts en vertu des Contrats sur Matières Premières conclu entre
l’Émetteur et la Contrepartie aux Contrats sur Matières Premières ;
- droits et intérêts en vertu des Contrats de Facilité aux termes desquels les Contrats
sur Matières Premières ont été conclus (dans la mesure où l’on peut en attribuer à
cette catégorie) ; et
- droits et intérêts dans le Nantissement conformément à l’Accord de Garantie UBS,
l’Accord de Contrôle UBS et/ou l’Accor de Garantie MLCI, l’Accord de Contrôle MLCI.
Les actifs garantis adossés à l’émission revêtent des caractéristiques qui démontrent
une capacité à générer des fonds pour honorer les sommes à acquitter sur les titres.
L’actif garanti est adossée l’émission, à savoir les Contrats sur Matières Premières,
les Contrats de facilité, la Caution BAC, l’Accord de Garantie UBS, l’Accord de
Contrôle UBS, l’Accord de Garantie MLCI et l’Accord de Contrôle MLCI. Les Short et
Leveraged Commodity Securities de chaque catégorie sont adossés à des Contrats
sur Matières Premières dont les dispositions correspondent et chaque fois qu’un
Short ou Leveraged Commodity Security est créé ou racheté, le montant
correspondant de Contrats sur Matières Premières est acheté ou annulé par
l'Émetteur. Ces Contrats sur Matières Premières seront achetés auprès d'une ou
plusieurs Contreparties aux Contrats sur Matières Premières.
L'Émetteur rejettera les demandes de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities si,
pour une raison ou pour une autre, il ne peut conclure de Contrat sur Matières
Premières correspondant avec une Contrepartie aux Contrats sur Matières
Premières.
À l’heure où nous rédigeons ce Prospectus, l’Émetteur a passé des accords avec deux
Contreparties aux Contrats sur Matières Premières, qui sont UBS et MLCI.
Les Contrats de Facilité imposent des limites à la fois quotidiennes et cumulatives au
nombre de Contrats sur Matières Premières pouvant être conclus ou annulés à tout
instant. Les créations et les rachats de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities
sont soumis à des limites à la fois quotidiennes et cumulatives totales afin de
répondre aux limites des Contrats sur Matières Premières.
UBS est une société par actions domiciliée à Bâle en Suisse et exerçant son activité
au Royaume-Uni par l’intermédiaire de sa succursale londonienne immatriculée sous
le numéro BR004507 et sise au 1 Finsbury Avenue, Londres, EC2M 2PP, Angleterre.
Les deux sièges et établissements principaux d’UBS AG sont situés au 45
Bahnhofstrasse, CH-8098 Zurich, Suisse et au 1 Aeschenvorstadt, CH-4051 Bâle,
Suisse. L’activité principale d’UBS est la prestation de services financiers aux clients
particuliers, entreprises et institutionnels.
MLCI, immatriculée en tant que société dans l’état du Delaware, États-Unis, a son
siège chez The Corporation Trust Company, Corporation Trust Center, 1209, Orange
Street, Wilmington, Delaware, 19801. L’activité principale de MLCI est le commerce
des matières premières, dont les dérivés gré à gré de matières premières, auprès des
clients institutionnels sur divers marchés intérieurs des États-Unis et internationaux.
BAC est une holding bancaire et financière immatriculée dans l’Etat du Delaware,
Etats-Unis en 1998. A traves ses filiales bancaires et non bancaires, BAC fournit un
éventail diversifié de services bancaires et non-bancaires et de produits. Les sièges et
l’établissement principal de BAC sont situés au 100 North Tryon Street, Charlotte, NC
282255, États Unis.
Résumé spécifique à l’émission :
Catégorie de Short et Leveraged
Commodity
ETFS 3x Daily Long Natural Gas
Catégorie de Contrat sur Matières
Premières
3x Daily Long Natural Gas
Indice sur Matières Premières Bloomberg Bloomberg Natural Gas Subindex Total
concerné
Return
B.26 Gestion de
placements
Sans objet ; l’Émetteur n’effectue pas de gestion active de l’actif.
B.27 Autres titres
adossés aux
mêmes actifs
De nouveaux Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities de toute catégorie peuvent
être émis dans toute catégorie du moment qu’un Contrat sur Matières Premières
correspondant de même catégorie est émis et qu’il intègre l’« Actif Garanti »
correspondant. Ces Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities nouvellement émis
seront fongibles avec l’ensemble des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities
existants de même catégorie et seront adossés aux mêmes Actifs Garantis.
B.28 Structure de la
transaction
L’Émetteur a créé un programme par lequel les Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities peuvent être émis à tout moment. Les Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities peuvent être émis ou délivrés pour être rachetés sur une base journalière
par les Participants Agréés qui ont conclus un Accord de Participant Agréé avec
l’Émetteur.
Les Participants Agréés peuvent donc vendre et acheter des Short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities à d’autres investisseurs sur la bourse ou dans le cadre de
transactions privées.
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sont constitués par l'Instrument de
Trust. Selon les termes de l'Instrument de Trust, le Trustee agit en qualité de Trustee
des Porteurs de Titres pour chacune des catégories de Short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities (a) afin de rendre des décisions et exercer leurs droits en vertu
des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities au profit des Porteurs de Titres et (b)
afin de détenir en trust, pour les Porteurs de Titres, le titres accordé par l’Émetteur
en vertu des Actes de Garantie, pour exercer tout droit d’appliquer et de distribuer
les produits (après paiement de tout montant dû au Trustee) aux Porteurs de Titres
(entre autres).
Les obligations du Trustee vis-à-vis de chaque catégorie de Short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities sont garanties par un nantissement sur la catégorie
équivalente de Contrats sur Matières Premières en vertu des Contrats de Facilité et
des contrats associés.
Le diagramme ci-dessous représente les principaux aspects de la structure
actuellement mise en place :
B.29 Description des
flux de fonds
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities peuvent être achetés ou vendu contre
du numéraire sur la bourse de Londres (LSE), la Borsa Italiana et/ou la bourse de
Francfort (étant les bourses sur lesquelles les titres sont admis à la négociation) ou
dans le cadre de transactions privé hors marché. Les détails des bourses sur
lesquelles une catégorie particulière de titre peut être négociée sont exposés dans
un document intitulé « Conditions Définitives », préparés par l’Émetteur chaque fois
que les titres sont émis. Les teneurs de marché fournissent la liquidité sur ces
bourses et pour ces transactions mais, seuls les Participants Agréés peuvent
demander directement à l’Émetteur l’émission de Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities. L’Émetteur a conclu des Accords de Participant Agréé et a consenti avec
les Participants Agréés à émettre des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities à ces
Participants Agréés sur une base continue. Un Participant Agréé peut vendre des
Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sur une bourse ou dans le cadre d’une
transaction privé hors marché ou peuvent détenir les titres eux-mêmes.
Jusqu’à l’émission des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities, un Participant
Agréé peut délivrer un montant en numéraire à la Contrepartie aux Contrats sur
Matières Premières égale au cours des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities à
émettre en échange desquels l’Émetteur émet les Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities et les délivre aux Participants Agréés via CREST.
Jusqu’au rachat des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities par un Participant
Agréé (et dans certaines circonstances limitées, autres que pour les Porteurs de
Titres), la Contrepartie aux Contrats sur Matières Premières doit délivrer un montant
en numéraire au Participant Agréé concerné égale au cours des Short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities devant être rachetés en contrepartie de la livraison par le
Porteur de Titres acheteur de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities.
B.30 Initiateurs des
actifs gagés
Les Contrats sur Matières Premières sont et seront conclus auprès des Contreparties
aux Contrats sur Matières Premières.
À la date de ce Prospectus, l’Émetteur a passé des accords avec UBS et MLCI au titre
desquels elles agissent en tant que Contreparties aux Contrats sur Matières
Premières.
UBS est une société par actions domiciliée à Bâle en Suisse et exerçant son activité au
Royaume-Uni par l’intermédiaire de sa succursale londonienne immatriculée sous le
numéro BR004507 et sise au 1 Finsbury Avenue, Londres, EC2M 2PP, Angleterre. Les
deux sièges et établissements principaux d’UBS AG sont situés au 45 Bahnhofstrasse,
CH-8098 Zurich, Suisse et au 1 Aeschenvorstadt, CH-4051 Bâle, Suisse. L’activité
principale d’UBS est la prestation de services financiers aux clients particuliers,
entreprises et institutionnels.
MLCI, immatriculée en tant que société dans l’état du Delaware, États-Unis, a son
siège chez The Corporation Trust Company, Corporation Trust Center, 1209, Orange
Street, Wilmington, Delaware, 19801. L’activité principale de MLCI est le commerce
des matières premières, dont les dérivés gré à gré de matières premières, auprès des
clients institutionnels sur divers marchés intérieurs des États-Unis et internationaux.
SECTION C – Titres
C.1
Type et catégories
de titres offerts
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sont conçus pour donner aux
investisseurs un « rendement total » similaire à celui qui pourrait être atteint en
gérant une position longue garantie, sans effet de levier, financée entièrement, dans
des contrats à terme à échéances spécifiques, moins les frais applicables.
Contrairement aux positions à terme gérées, les Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities n’impliquent aucun roulement, appel de marge, expiration ou courtage à
terme.
L’Émetteur a créé 120 catégories de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities
(chacune donnant aux investisseurs une exposition aux variations quotidiennes en
pourcentage des mouvements dans un des Indices sur Matières Premières
Bloomberg et qui peut être groupé dans 4 types différents :
« One Times Short Individual Securities » ;
« One Times Short Index Securities » ;
« Three times Short Individual Securities » ;
« Two Times Long Individual Securities » ;
« Two Times Long Index Securities » ; et
« Three Times Long Individual Securities ».
Résumé spécifique à l'émission :
Les informations suivantes s'appliquent aux Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities émis en vertu des Conditions définitives :
Catégorie
ETFS 3x Daily Long Natural Gas
Code sur la bourse de Londres (LSE)
NG3L
Code ISIN
JE00BYQY5H56
Nombre cumulé de Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities de cette catégorie
3200
Nom de l'indice sous-jacent
Caractéristiques de la Catégorie et de l’Indice
Bloomberg Natural Gas Subindex Total Return
Les caractéristiques de catégorie et d’indice :
auxquels s'ajoute à chaque fois un ajustement du taux d'intérêt sans risque qui court
sur une position complètement garantie prise sur les contrats à terme sous‑jacent
concernés.
C.2
Devise
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sont libellés en dollars américains.
C.5
Restrictions sur
transfert
Sans objet ; les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities peuvent être transférés
librement.
C.8
Droits
Un Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities autorise un Participant Agréé à
demander le rachat de titre par l’Émetteur et à recevoir le plus élevé de (i) la valeur
minimum pour cette catégorie de Short et Leveraged Commodity Security (connu
comme étant le « Nominal »), et (ii) le prix de cette catégorie de Short et Leveraged
Commodity Security au jour applicable déterminé en utilisant la Formule exposée et
décrite au point C.15.
Généralement, seuls les Participants Agréés négocieront directement avec
l’Émetteur en rachetant des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities. Dans les cas
où il n’y a pas de Participants Agréés, ou au choix de l’Émetteur, les Porteurs de
Titres qui ne sont pas des Participants Agréés peuvent demander à l’Émetteur de
racheter leurs titres directement.
Résumé spécifique à l’émission :
Le Nominal et la catégorie de chacun des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities
émis conformément aux Conditions Définitives est comme suit :
C.11 Admission
Catégorie de Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities:
ETFS 3x Daily Long Natural Gas
Nominal
5.0000000
Une demande a été faite à l’Autorité de cotation britannique pour que l’ensemble
des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities émis dans les 12 mois suivant la date
du présent Prospectus soient admis à la cote officielle et à la bourse de Londres, qui
organise un marché réglementé, pour que certaines catégories desdits Short et
Leveraged Commodity Securities puisse être négocié sur le Marché Principal de la
bourse de Londres, qui fait partie de son marché réglementé des valeurs cotées
(c’est-à-dire admises à la cote officielle). Il est dans l'intention de l'Émetteur que tous
les One Times Short et Two Times Long Commodity Securities émis après la date de
ce document soient également admis à la négociation sur le Marché Principal.
Certains des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities ont également été admis à la
cote sur le Marché Réglementé (Règle Générale) de la bourse de Francfort, sur NYSE
Euronext Amsterdam et sur le marché ETF plus de la Borsa Italiana S.p.A.
Dans le respect de chaque catégorie de Three Times Commodity Security, une
demande sera faite pour que les titres de chacune de ces catégories soient admis à la
négociation sur un ou plusieurs Marchés Réglementés avant la première émission.
L’Emetteur émet une demande afin que certaines catégories de Three Times
Commodity Securities soient admises à la cote du marché des ETFplus de la Borsa
Italiana S.p.A. Les négociations publiques ne peuvent intervenir qu’après
l’approbation de cette admission, qui devrait intervenir autour du 02/11/2015. Il n’y
a aucune garantie que cette admission soit nécessairement approuvée.
L’émetteur peut également faire une demande afin que certaines catégories de
Three Times Commodity Securities soient admises aux négociations sur le Marché
Principal de la bourse de Londres, sur le Marché Réglementé (Règle Générale) de la
bourse de Francfort (Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) et/ou sur NYSE Euronext
Amsterdam.
Résumé spécifique à l'émission :
Une demande a été faite pour la négociation des Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities émis en vertu des Conditions Définitives sur le Marché Principal de la
bourse de Londres, qui fait partie de son Marché Réglementé pour les titres cotés
(titres étant inscrits sur la Liste Officielle).
Lesdits Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sont également admis à la cotation
sur le sur le marché ETFplus de la Borsa Italiana S.p.A.
C.12 Montant minimal
Chaque Short et Leveraged Commodity Security a un nominal intitulé « Nominal »,
qui est la valeur minimum pour un Short et Leveraged Commodity Security du type
concerné.
Les Montants Principaux de chaque
Catégorie tombent dans les gammes suivantes
One Times Short Individual Securities
US$1,78 à US$5,00
Two Times Long Individual Securities
US$0,0012 à US$5,00
One Times Short Index Securities
US$5,00
Two Times Long Index Securities
US$0,07 à US$2,08
Three Times Short Individual Securities
US$5,00
Three Times Long Individual Securities
US$5,00
Short and Leveraged
Commodity Securities
Résumé spécifique à l'émission :
Le Nominal et la catégorie de chacun des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities
émis conformément aux Conditions Définitives est comme suit :
C.15 La valeur de
l’investissement
est affectée par la
valeur des
Catégorie des Short et Leveraged Commodity
Securities :
ETFS 3x Daily Long Natural Gas
Nominal
5.0000000
Cours
Le cours d’un Short et Leveraged Commodity Security sur un jour particulier est basé
sur (i) la variation de pourcentage entre le niveau de l’indice sous-jacent concerné
sur un jour et le niveau de l’indice sous-jacent concerné le jour précédent, multiplié
instruments sousjacents
par le niveau concerné d’exposition et ajusté par les frais applicables et donc calculé
en conformité avec la formule suivante (la « Formule ») :
Pi,t = Pi,t-1 x {1 + CAi,t + LFi x (Ii,t/Ii,t-1 — 1)}
où :
Pi,t est le cours d'un Short ou Leveraged Commodity Security d’une catégorie
concernée au jour auquel le Cours a été calculé;
i
désigne la catégorie concernée du Short ou Leveraged Commodity Securities ;
t
désigne le jour au cours duquel le Cours a été calculé ;
t-1 désigne le jour calendaire précédant le jour t ;
Pi,t-1 est le cours d'un Short ou Leveraged Commodity Securities d’une catégorie
concernée le jour précédent ;
CAi,t est l'Ajustement du Capital applicable à la catégorie concernée de Short ou
Leveraged Commodity Security au jour au cours duquel le Cours a été calculé ;
LFi
est le coefficient d’effet de levier applicable à la catégorie concernée de Short
ou Leveraged Commodity Securities représentant le niveau d’exposition de la
catégorie concernée de Short ou Leveraged Commodity Security fournit à la
variation quotidienne de pourcentage dans le niveau de l’indice sous-jacent
concerné. Pour les One Times Short Commodity Securities, LFi = -1, pour les Two
Times Long Commodity Securities, LFi = +2, pour les Three Times Short
Individual Securities LFi = -3 et pour les Three Times Long Individual Securities,
LFi = +3.
Ii,t
est le niveau de l’Indice de Matières Premières Bloomberg pour lequel la
catégorie concernée de Short ou Leveraged Commodity Security au jour auquel
le Cours a été calculé ;
Ii,t-1 est le niveau de l’Indice de Matières Premières Bloomberg pour lequel la
catégorie concernée de Short ou Leveraged Commodity Security au jour
précédent ;
Ajustement du Capital
L'Ajustement du Capital est un facteur d'ajustement faisant l'objet d'un accord
périodique entre les Contreparties aux Contrats sur Matières Premières et l'Émetteur
et reflète les commissions dues par l'Émetteur à ManJer, aux Contreparties aux
Contrats sur Matières Premières et aux fournisseurs d'indice. L'Ajustement du Capital
applicable à chaque catégorie de Short ou Leveraged Commodity Securities un jour
donné est publié sur le site internet de l'Émetteur :
www.etfsecurities.com/retail/uk/en-gb/pricing.aspx.
La formule et la méthode de calcul du Cours est la même pour toutes les catégories
de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities.
C.16 Date
d’expiration/échéance
Sans objet ; les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sont à durée indéterminée
et aucune échéance n’est spécifiée.
C.17 Règlement
CREST
L'Émetteur participe au système CREST, système dématérialisé pour le règlement des
transferts et à la détention de titres.
Règlement des créations et remboursements
Lors de la création ou du rachat des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities, le
règlement interviendra (sous certaines conditions) le second jour de bourse après
réception de la demande de création ou de remboursement correspondante selon la
modalité de la livraison contre paiement dans le système CREST.
Règlement sur la bourse de Francfort
Dans un objectif de bonne livraison des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sur
la bourse de Francfort, Clearstream Banking Aktiengesellschaft (ci-après
« Clearstream ») émettra, pour chaque série et pour le nombre approprié de Short et
Leveraged Commodity Securities, un Certificat Global au Porteur (désigné
individuellement comme le « Certificat Global au Porteur ») en langue allemande et
créé en vertu du droit allemand. A partir du moment où le nombre de Short et
Leveraged Commodity Securities représentés par le Certificat Global au Porteur
d’une catégorie changera, Clearstream modifiera en conséquence le Certificat Global
au Porteur concerné.
Règlement sur la Borsa Italiana S.p.A.
Tous les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities négociés sur la Borsa Italiana
S.p.A. sont éligibles pour un règlement via les systèmes de règlement normaux de
Monte Titoli S.p.A. sur les comptes de dépôt ouverts auprès de Monte Titoli S.p.A.
Règlement et Livraison sur NYSE Euronext Amsterdam
Toutes les transactions de Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities négociés sur
Euronext Amsterdam seront exécutées dans le livre d’ordre unique tenu par NYSE
Euronext Amsterdam et enregistrées sur le Registre au nom d’Euroclear Pays-Bas.
Tous les Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities cotés sur NYSE Euronext
Amsterdam bénéficient de la Procédure de Règlement/Livraison d’Euroclear pour la
zone Euronext (« ESES ») et seront dénoués à travers Euroclear Pays-Bas.
Résumé spécifique à l'émission :
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities émis conformément aux Conditions
Définitives, qui sont négociés sur la Borsa Italiana S.p.A., sont éligibles pour un
règlement via les systèmes de règlement normaux de Monte Titoli S.p.A. sur les
comptes de dépôt ouverts auprès de Monte Titoli S.p.A.
C.18 Description du
rendement
Le Cours de chaque Short ou Leveraged Commodity Security reflète les variations
dans l’indice de Matières Premières Bloomberg concerné depuis le jour précédent
celui au cours duquel le Cours a été calculé, ajusté par un facteur à effet de levier de
-1 (pour les One Times Short Commodity Securities), -3 (pour les Three Times Short
Individual Securities), +2 (pour les Two Times Long Commodity Securities) ou +3
(pour les Three Times Long Individual Securities) et déduction de tout frais
applicable. Par conséquent, le rendement pour une catégorie particulière sera basée,
principalement, sur la performance de l’Indice de Matières Premières Bloomberg
concerné.
Pour atteindre cet objectif, les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities et les
Contrats sur Matières Premières au travers desquels l’Émetteur obtient l’exposition
aux Indice sur Matières Premières Bloomberg sont évalués tous deux en conformité
avec la Formule décrite dans l’élément C.15. Cette Formule reflète (a) la différence
entre le niveau de l’Indice sur Matières Premières Bloomberg concerné à ce jour et le
niveau de l’Indice sur Matières Premières Bloomberg concerné le jour précédent
auquel le Cours a été calculé, (b) l’application d’un facteur à effet de levier de -1
(pour les One Times Short Commodity Securities), -3 (pour les Three Times Short
Individual Securities), ou +2 (pour les Two Times Long Commodity Securities) et +3
(pour les Three Times Long Individual Securities) ; et (c) les frais payables par
l’Émetteur à la Contrepartie aux Contrats sur Matières Premières en vertu de
l’Accord de Facilité et à ManJer. La déduction des frais payable à la Contrepartie aux
Contrats sur Matières Premières et à ManJer sont référencés dans l’ajustement du
capital référencé dans la Formule.
Le cours de chaque catégorie de Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sera
calculé par l'Émetteur à la fin de chaque jour de valorisation (après publication des
cours du marché à terme) puis affiché avec l’Ajustement du Capital qui s’applique sur
le site internet de l'Émetteur : http://www.etfsecurities.com/retail/uk/engb/pricing.aspx.Le cours de chaque catégorie de Three Times Short Individual
Security et de chaque catégorie de Three Times Long Individual Security (ensemble
les « Three Times Commodity Securities ») comprend un mécanisme de
rééquilibrage journalier qui sera déclenché si la valeur de l’Indice sur Matières
Premières Bloomberg concerné (i) perd 25 pourcent au cours d’une même journée
pour les Titres Three Times Long Individual ; ou (ii) augmente de 25 pourcent au
cours d’une même journée pour les Titres Three Times Short Individual
(communément appelés « Evènement Déclencheur »).
A la suite de la survenance d’un Evènement Déclencheur, pour que le cours puisse
être calculé le même jour, une autre valeur pour l’Indice sur Matières Premières
Bloomberg sera calculée (la « Valeur de l’Indice Déclencheur »). Un porteur de titres
obtiendra une triple exposition courte ou une triple exposition longue (selon la
situation) par rapport à la variation de l’Indice sur Matières Premières Bloomberg
concerné (i) depuis la valeur antérieure du cours de clôture jusqu’à la Valeur de
l’Indice Déclencheur (ii) depuis la Valeur de l’Indice Déclencheur jusqu’au jour de
fixation du prix de clôture.
La Valeur de l’Indice Déclencheur dépendra de la survenance ou non de l’Evènement
Déclencheur pendant les heures d’ouverture du marché :
- Durant les heures d’ouverture du marché – la Valeur de l’Indice Déclencheur
correspondra à la valeur la plus faible (pour les Three Times Long Individual
Securities) ou à la valeur la plus élevée (pour les Three Times Short Individual
Securities) de l’Indice sur Matières Premières Bloomberg concerné applicable à ladite
catégorie qui survient durant les 15 minutes suivant la survenance de l’Evènement
Déclencheur ; ou
- En dehors des heures d’ouverture du marché – la Valeur de l’Indice Déclencheur
correspondra à la valeur la plus faible (pour Three Times Long Individual Securities)
ou à la valeur la plus élevée (pour Three Times Short Individual Securities) de l’Indice
sur Matières Premières Bloomberg concerné applicable pour cette catégorie qui
survient durant la période comprise entre l’Evènement Déclencheur et les 15
minutes précédant l’ouverture du marché.
Dans tous les cas, si un cas de perturbation du marché ou de perturbation de
couverture se produit au cours de la période de 15
minutes, cette période peut être prolongée par périodes successives de 15 minutes
jusqu'à la première des (a) une période continue de 15 minutes écoulée et au cours
de laquelle aucun cas de perturbation du marché ou de perturbation de couverture a
eu lieu et (b) la fin de horaires de change le troisième jour de bourse complet après
la survenue de l'Evénement Déclencheur.
Les Short and Leveraged Commoditiy Securities ne portent pas d’intérêt. Les profits
réalisés par l’investisseur correspondent à la différence entre le cours auquel les
Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities concernés sont émis (ou achetés sur le
marché secondaire) et le cours auquel ils sont rachetés (ou revendus).
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities fournissent un rendement lié à
Bloomberg Natural Gas Subindex Total Return . Pour toute information, veuillez-vous
rendre sur le site http://www.bloombergindexes.com/
C.19 Cours final/prix
d’exercice
Les prix pour chaque catégorie de Short and Leveraged Commodity
Securities sont calculés chaque jour de fixation des prix sur la base de la Formule et
les rachats des Short and Leveraged Commodity Securities auprès de l’Emetteur sont
réalisés au prix pertinent (déterminé par la Formule) à la date à laquelle le demande
de rachat est reçue.
C.20 Type de valeur
sous jacente et
Les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities sont adossés à des Contrats sur
Matières Premières qui sont des contrats dérivés avec la Contrepartie aux Contrats
localisation
d’informations sur
les valeurs sous
jacentes
sur Matières Premières achetés auprès des Contreparties aux Contrats sur Matières
Premières.
Les Contrats sur Matières Premières offrent un rendement lié à l'Indice sur Matières
Premières Bloomberg sous-jacent correspondant et sont évalués de la même
manière que les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities par référence à l’Indice sur
Matières Premières Bloomberg concerné. L’information sur les Indices sur Matières
Premières Bloomberg sera disponible à l’adresse : www.bloombergindexes.com.
Les détails de la Garantie détenue auprès de BNYM au bénéfice de l’Émetteur en
vertu des Accord de Garantie UBS, Accord de Contrôle UBS, Accord de Garantie MLCI
et Accord de Contrôle MLC sont donnés sur le site internet de l’Émetteur :
www.etfsecurities.com/retail/uk/en-gb/documents.aspx.
Résumé spécifique à l'émission :
Les Contrats sur Matières Premières offrent un rendement lié à Bloomberg Natural
Gas Subindex Total Return ; vous trouverez de plus amples informations sur
http://www.bloombergindexes.com.
SECTION D - Risques
D.2
Risques principaux
de l’Émetteur
L’Émetteur a été constitué en tant que structure à finalité spécifique aux fins
d’émettre des exchange traded commodities ayant la qualité de titres adossés à des
actifs. L’émetteur émet actuellement des ETFS Short Commodity Securities, ETFS
Leveraged Commodity Securities et certains autres titres (les « Classic et Longer
Dated Securities »), qui sont émis conformément au prospectus de base séparé (le
« Prospectus pour les Classic et longer Dated Securities ») de l’Émetteur daté []
2015, et qui n’a pas d’autres actifs que ceux attribuables aux Short et Leveraged
Commodity Securities et aux Classic et Longer Dated Securities. Les montants qu’un
Porteur de Titres pourrait recevoir suite à plainte déposée contre l’Émetteur sont,
donc, limités aux produits de réalisation de bien garanti applicable à de telle
catégorie de Porteurs de Titres des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities et dans
la mesure où l’Émetteur est une structure à finalité spécifique aux seules fins
d’émettre des Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities et des Classic et Longer
Dated Securities, et puisque les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities ne sont pas
garantis par une autre personne, l’Émetteur n’aurait pas d’autres actifs que le
Porteur de Titres pourrait réclamer. Dans le cas où le bien garanti est insuffisant pour
couvrir le montant payable au Porteur de Titres, le Porteur de Titres subirait une
perte :
-
Bien que les Short et Leveraged Commodity Securities soient garantis par des
Contrats sur Matières Premières et des nantissements, leur valeur et la capacité
de l’Émetteur à s’acquitter de tout montant de rachat reste partiellement
dépendante du recouvrement des sommes dues par UBS et MLCI au titre des
Contrats de Facilité, de la Caution BAC, des Accords de Garantie et des Accords
de Contrôle. Aucun Porteur de Titres n’a de droit direct à faire exécuter les
obligations de l’Émetteur.
|
s3notesqueries05londuoft_74 | English-PD | Public Domain | It is not a hundred years sinceLoRD LYTTELTON, in your columns, saw just occasion to remark on the lamentable want of knowledge, now so con- stantly displayed, of those masterpieces of Eng- lish literature which forty years ago, as a general rule, were thoroughly familiar to every educated gentleman ; and Earl Russell, in all probability, struck by the same fact, has within the last week been haranguing in the presence of the Prince of Wales on the propriety of compelling the heads of our public schools to make their pupils as inti- mate with the masterpieces of Shakspeare, Mil- ton, and Dryden, as they are presumed to be with the writings of Homer, Virgil, and Horace. I am delighted to find that these two distinguished noblemen have spoken out on the subject, for the ignorance which has been observed by them among the younger ranks of our gentlemen who live at home at ease, is now beginning to be per- ceptible in our rising generation of public literary instructors. A very remarkable instance has oc- curred quite recently in the pages of two of our most respected contemporaries, and singularly enough with regard to the same line of poetry ! In the Edinburgh Review (p. 333, April, 1864), and in The Athenaeum (May 21, 1864), we find quoted — " From Marlborough's eyes the streams of dotage flow," the former calling it "Pope's well-known line," and the latter " Pope's line ! " Did either of these gentlemen reflect on the other half of the coup- let— "And Swift expires a driveller and a show," and think it possible that, even if Pope had sur- vived Swift, which he did not, he could have made such an allusion to the sufferings of one of his glorious group of friends ? Perhaps the critics mistook the word "swift" for an adjective. To make amends, however, to Samuel Johnson for robbing him of this striking couplet, the re- viewer gives him credit for a precocity in prowess, such as Boswell would have gloried to record. After relating the anecdote of Dryden asking Bolingbroke to protect him from the rudeness of Jacob Tonson, he adds : — " Johnson must have had a peculiar pleasure in telling the story, for this was the selfsame Tonson whom he beat, or (as some said) knocked down with a folio, for im- pertinence."— Edin. Review, Oct. 1863, p. 407. Now, considering that both the Jacob Tonsons whom Dryden knew were dead in 1725, while Johnson was still a schoolboy at Stourbridge, it is clear that this chastisement must have been bestowed on the occasion of his mother taking him up to London to be " touched " for the evil ; so that the celebrated treading on the duck was not his first act of violence. We may presume that the quarrel must have arisen out of some 3'* S. V. JUNE 4, '64.] NOTES AND QUERIES. trade transaction between old Michael Johnson and the Tonsons, who must have been his London agents! We are told that Johnson had a con- fused, but solemn, recollection of Queen Anne as a lady in diamonds, and a long black hood ; but I am afraid he had forgotten all about the appear- ance of the great bookseller ! It would be curious indeed if it could be proved that Jacob owed the sad blemish of a second left leg to this rencontre with the Infant Samuel! In another periodical I read some time ago that Cave was the bookseller whom he knocked down, and that the feat was performed with a " volume of his own folio dictionary." This is peculiarly hard to swallow, not only because Cave was dead before the dictionary was published, and there- fore before the weapon was forged which felled him, but also because Cave must have been par- ticularly difficult to knock down, as Johnson him- self tells us he was a " man of large stature, not oiily tall but bulky, and of remarkable strength and activity." But, after all, it is Osborne, the real Simon Pure, the genuine knock-down- ee, who has most cause to complain of these mis-statements. Ton- son and Cave have other claims which secure them from being forgotten, but Osborne's sole chance of remembrance is the solitary fact of his having been felled by the lexicographer ! I must also take this opportunity of defending Johnson against a recent leader in The Times, in which he was stated to have called Goldsmith an " inspired idiot." The expression is particularly un-Johnsonian, and would have come with pecu- liar bad grace from the author of "nullum quod tetigit non ornavit." It is unnecessary to say that the phrase, or something identical with it, occurs more than once in the correspondence of Horace Walpole. CIIITTELDROOG. JOHN BUNYAN. Chancing to read again Macaulay's biography, I thought I would turn to Neal's History of the Puritans, to see what I should see. Neal himself says next to nothing about the Baptists ; but his editor, Dr. Toulmin, gave a supplement of 110 oc- tavo pages, entirely on the history of the Baptists, in which Bunyan's name is not mentioned. , We learn that Mr. Knollys was, at the Restoration, imprisoned for eighteen weeks : but not a word of Bunyan, nicknamed "Bishop" of his church, who was shut up for twelve years. When it is mentioned that it " seems " some Baptists were in the parliamentary army, the instance is not given which makes certain of one. And when, in the last paragraph, we are told that Mr. Gos- nold was buried in Bunhill Fields, he may, for aught we learn, have been the last Baptist who 455 This omission is of course in- was carried there, tentional. I suspect that Granger was the first, or among the first, who dared give Bunyan some of his due in print ; which Cowper could not do, for, when he gave the due, he dared not give the name. Gran- ger speaks of the Pilgrim's Progress as " one of the most popular, and, I may add, one of the most ingenious books in the English language." " As this opinion may be deemed paradoxical," he will venture to name two persons of eminence: one, the late Mr. Merrick, of Reading, who was heard to say in conversation that Bunyan's invention was like that of Homer ; the other, Dr. Roberts, Fellow of Eton College. Honour to Merrick and Roberts, I say; and to Granger also and like- wise. In the BiograpJiia Britannica (1748), in the page less three lines which is given to Bunyan, he is called the " celebrated author of the Pilgrim's Progress (a)." And (a) tells us to see the remark (F) : but there is no remark (F) ; the last is (E). This I take to mean that the contributor chose to say what the editor dared not admit ; and that the side-reference was forgotten. There is no other mention of the Pilgrim's Progress, nor of any works of Bunyan, except as collected in two folios, the contents of which are wholly unspe- cified. In Kippis's edition, two pages less two lines are added; Granger is quoted, the works are enu- merated, and praise is given, »". e. Granger's praise. Nay, more : " he was certainly a man of genius, and might have made a great figure in the literary world, if he had received the advantages of a liberal education." The writer, not Kippis himself, reversed a fable : a dying ass threw up his heels at a growing lion. Kippis thinks it necessary to qualify a little: he does not think, as Granger did, that Bunyan could have risen to a production worthy of Spenser. He agrees with Lord Kaimes that the secret of Pilgrim's Progress and JRobin- son Crusoe, great favourites of the vulgar, is the proper mixture of the dramatic and narrative. This, he says, is " extremely suitable to men who have not learned to abstract and generalize their ideas." How he would stare if he saw the present state of things, in which a very moderate power of dramatic narrative — far below that of Scott, or Dickens, or Thackeray — will set four-fifths of the abstractors and generalizers reading a second- rate novel. A collection of mentions of Bunyan in the time preceding his establishment as an English classic — the time when, as Granger says, his works were printed on tobacco paper — would be an excellent contribution. Neither '* Bun- yan " nor " Pilgrim's Progress " occurs in the index to the work of Isaac Disraeli, which work, as his son truly observes, has had much to do 456 NOTES AND QUERIES. [3'd S. V. JUNE 4, '64. with filling the reading-room of the British Mu- seum. .The omission just mentioned is precisely the consequence and the proof of the paucity of materials. It was not Disraeli's affair to manufac- ture curiosities out of what he found in original writers, but to use the materials which had col- lected about them. The curiosities of literature, as he turned them out, are the highest forms of the Ana; and we may safely conclude that in 1790-1810 no Bunyaniana were extant in the possible sources of literary history. A. DE MORGAN. AN OLD JOKE REVIVED.— A few years back a tourist contributed a paper on the "Goldsmith Country" to the Eclectic Review. That paper ends with the indignant remonstrance of a drunken horseman who, in mounting, fell off on the oppo- site side, addressed to the Virgin that she had helped him only halfway. It is an old joke given in the Walpoliana, in these terms : — " A Venetian trying to mount a horse, prayed to Our Lady to assist him. He then made a vigorous spring, and fell on t'other side. Getting up, and wiping^ his clothes, he said, ' Our Lady has assisted me too much.' " — Vol, ii. p. 70. This is probably from some much older book of jests. O.T.D. KINGS! — In the neighbourhood of Notting- ham, and elsewhere for what I know, the exclama- tion " Kings ! " is used by children at play when a sudden cessation is wanted apart from the regu- lar intervals. Unusual confidence and honesty are shown by both sides on such an occasion. (See " Barley," 3rd S. v. 358.) S. F. CBESWELL. Durham School. DIGBY PEDIGREE. — A mistake occurs in Ni- chols's History of Leicestershire which ought to be corrected in your pages. In the Digby Pedigree (vol. iii. p. 473) it is stated that Katharine, daughter of Sir Everard Digby, the great-grandfather of the gunpowder conspirator, married "Anthony Meers, of Kinton, co. Line." The lady really married Anthony Meeres, of Kirton in Holland, co. Lincoln. This is, of course, a mere misprint, but such errors often lead to much inconvenience. The Digby Pedigree in Lipscomb's Hist, of Buckinghamshire, vol. iv. p. 145, has the name of the place spelt correctly, but it is merely called Kirton, co. Lin- coln, leaving it a matter of doubt whether Kirton in Lindsey or Kirton in Holland be the place meant. There is another singular misprint in Nichols's Digby Pedigree, but I am unable to set it right. We are there told that Everard Digby, of Dry stoke, father of the conspirator, married " Mary d. of Francis Nele, of Keythorpe, b. 1513, liv. 1634." It cannot really be a fact that this lady lived to be 121 years of age. GRIME. LIRIPIPIUM. — The word tippet in the English Canons is translated liripipium, explained as " epo- mis" by Du Cange, and by Grindal "collo circum- ducta stola quaedam abutroque humeropendulaet adtalosferedimissa." [.R<?mams,p.335.] Liripipium occurs in Sparrow's Collection, 1675, p. 296 ; and Peck's Desid. Curiosa, lib. xv. p. 570 ; and Chur- ton's Lives of the Founders, p. 327. The Consti- tutions of Bourchier, A.D. 1463, forbids any non- graduate to wear "caputium cum corneto vel liripipio brevi, more praelatorum et graduatorum, nee utatur liripipiis aut typpets a serico vel panno circa collum," § 2. Abp. Stratford, in 1343, repro- bates "caputia cum tippetis mirse longitudinis,"§ 2. The anonymous writer of the EuLogium quoted by Camden almost uses again Grindal's definition: " liripipes, or tippets, which pass round the neck, and, hanging down before, reach to the heels." This appears to designate a stole, whilst the mediaeval primates connect it with a hood ; and the latter no doubt is the true meaning of the word, for it appears in the Statutes ofRatisbon, 1506. And the learned Mayer explains it to be "caputium vel cleri peplum vulgo Poff," worn by rural deans and canons of collegiate churches [iii. 46.] MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT, M.A., F.S.A. LARGE CANNON. — This is no new subject of interest; for Walpole, writing to Sir Horace Mann, Oct. 14, 1746, says : — " They tell you that the French had four-and-tweuty- pounders, and that they must beat us by the superiority of their cannon ; so that to me it is grown a paradox, to war with a nation who have a mathematical certainty of beating you ; or else it is a still stranger paradox, why you cannot have as large cannon as the French." A. A. Poets' Corner. A RELIC or SHAKSPEARE.— In the year 1826, a gentleman residing in this town found in an old cellaret, the key of which had been lost for many years, twenty-nine bits of wood, curiously carved. On being carefully united, the pieces formed a small writing case. The lid is carved with mul- berry leaves and fruit; a central circular medallion has on it the Shakspeare crest, and the sides bear the Shakspeare arms. On the edge of the lid, where the finger would be applied to -lift it, is a small boss, carved into a rude resemblance of the Strat- ford bust. Can this be one of the boxes manufac- tured by the ingenious Stratford watchmaker, who purchased the greater portion of the mulberry tree after it had been cut down by the Rev. Francis Gastrell ? The owner of this box pos- sesses also a tobacco- stopper, which has on it a rude carving of the bust of Shakspeare. JOHN PAVIN PHILLIPS. Haverfordwest. 3rd S. V. JUNK 4, '64.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 457 BELLS CALLED SKELETS. — In the account of rebuilding the monastery of Croyland after the fire in 1091, Ingulf tells us (p. 101) that a small bell-tower was built in the place of the old tower of the church, in which two skellets were placed : — " Pro vetere turri Ecclesiae humile campanile, duas skelettas, quas Fergus aerarius de Sancto Bot. nobis contulerat, imponentes." What sort of bells could these be ? Du Cange, sub voce " skella," says this was a small bell, the squilla of the Italians. Is there any affinity be- tween this word and skillet, the name of a small brass pot ? * Was Fergus the cerarius the trea- surer, or simply a worker in brass ? In the former case St. Bot. would refer probably to a church of St. Botolph ; in the latter, to the town of Bos- ton, in Lincolnshire, the Latinized name of which was u Oppidum Sancti Botolphi." Perhaps some local antiquary can assist us. A. A. Poets' Corner. BUTTERY FAMILY. — Information concerning the early history of this family is desired. The name occurs in Speed, p. 1093 : "The rebels in Corn- wall, in favour of the revival of monasteries, were fought by Sir John Russell, Lord Privy Seal, ap- pointed General of the King's army." (Edward VI.) " Lord Russell fell back on Honiton, where he was joined by the Lord Grey de Wilton, having in pay Spinola, an Italian captain, with three hun- dred shot." (Speed, p. 1097.) " Wright, Peacocke, Weatherell, and Buttry were worthily executed at York, 21st Sept. following (1549). Holinshed's Chronicles" I possess a copy of " Auli Persii Flacci Satyros Sex, cum posthumiis commentariis Joannis Bond. Londini, excudebat Felix Kingstonius : impensis Gulielmi Aspley et Nathanielis Buttery, 1614." Does the name of Buttery occur in this form in any other book ? In the House of Lords' Journals' Index, p. 32 9a, Buttery defendant in a Writ of Error, wherein Blencowe is plaintiff, 23rd Charles I., 1647. Mr. Justice Bacon brought into the House Writs of Error, videlicet, No. 10, Blencowe v. Buttery. Can any of your readers give me a reference to the record of this suit ? There is a slab in the chancel of St. Ann's church, Sutton-Bonington, Leicestershire, under the east window, immediately beneath the com- munion table, with this inscription : " Gulielmus Buttery (natus, 1696), obit 22 die Septembris, 1782, aetatis 86." A monument, also in the chan- cel, of a lyiight in chain armour refers to the Buttery family. Wrhere can I find a description [* " Sfoletta, in old Latin records, a little bell for a church steeple : whence our vessels called Skillets, usually made of bell metal."— -Phillips's New World of Words. fol. 1706.— ED.] of this monument ? References to works in the British Museum library, or the Public Record Office, communicated through your columns or personally, will oblige ALBERT BUTTERY. Court of Chancery. COLOSSUS OF RHODES. — Can any of your anti- quarian readers refer me to any published copy of that " seventh wonder " of the old world, «. e. the Colossus of Rhodes ? I have some faint impres- sion that in my boyhood I saw a print represent- ing it, but cannot call to mind in what work it was. C. T. CORNER. 'CRANCELIN : ARMS or PRINCE ALBERT. — Bou- ton (Nouveau Traite de Blason, p. 191) blazons the coat thus : — " Les dues de Saxe portent ; fasce d'or et de sable de huit pieces, au crancelin de sinople mis en bande surtout." Berry calls it a bend 'embowed treflee. The general account of the bearing is that it is a crown of rue. Can any reader refer me to a correct definition of the word crancelin, and also to the legend or tradition of the crown of rue ? A. A. DE BURGH'S " HIBERNIA DOMINICANA."— " A most interesting copy [of the very rare Supple- ment to this work], interleaved with numerous manuscript additions by [the author] the [Roman Catholic] Bishop of Ossory," was sold a short time since by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, and Hodge. Can you tell me by whom it was purchased, and at what price? I have heard, on good authority, that a copy was lately sold by auction in an Irish provincial town to one who knew its worth, for the sum of one penny ! ABHBA. THE GOLDEN CALF. — Any information as to the author, or other particulars, of the following book will be very acceptable : — "The Golden Calf, the Idol of Worship. Being an Enquiry Physico-Critico-Patheologico- Moral into the Na- ture and Efficacy of Gold : Shewing the wonderful power it has over, and' the prodigious changes it causes, in the Minds of Men. With an Account of the Wonders of the Psychoptic Looking- Glass, Lately Invented by the Au- thor, Joakim Philander, M.A. Consuluit melius qui prce- cipit ut facias rem ; Si possis recte, verum quocunque modo rem. Hor. London : Printed for M. Cooper, at the Globe in Paternoster Row. MDCCXLIV." 8vo, pp. vii. and 243. The running title is " Vitulus Aureus: or, the Golden Calf." It is undoubtedly a very uncommon book, as I find no reference to it in the catalogues of twenty- two of the largest private collections, nor in any of the large bookseller's catalogues, nor in any bibliographical work with which I am acquainted, nor in the British Museum, or Bodleian, or other public library. A copy was purchased by Mr. H. G. Bohn in 1847 at Mr. Walter Wilson's sale, and one was sold in Jolly's collection in May, 1853. It is not improbable that mine is the same copy. I have been unable to trace any other. W. LEE. 458 NOTES AND QUERIES. [3** S. V. JUNE 4, '64. GODFREY OP BOUILLON'S TREE. — When I was at Constantinople, I visited the picturesque village and environs of Buyukdere, on the north shore of the Bosphorus. In a meadow west of the village my dragoman pointed out an enormous plane tree, under which he stated Godfrey of Bouillon pitched his pavilion when the army of the Crusaders was encamped in that neighbour- hood on their way to Palestine, in 1097. How much truth is there in this tradition ? H. C. J. G. GRANT, author of Madonna Pia, and other poems, 1848. Can any of your readers give me the address of this author ? IOTA. GEORGE HAMILTON : CAPT. EDWARDS.— George Hamilton, surgeon of the " Pandora," published— " A Voyage round the World, performed by Capt. Edwards in 1790, 1, and 2, with the Discoveries made in the South Sea, and the many distresses experienced by the Crew, from Shipwreck and Famine in a Voyage of eleven hundred Miles in opan Boats, between Endeavour Straits and the Island of Timor." Berwick, 8vo, 1793. With portrait." Lowndes (ed. Bohn, 987) mentions the work, but erroneously states that the voyage was 1790-9. I cannot find the portrait noticed either in Bromley's or Evans's Catalogue. I am not sure whether the portrait was that of George Hamilton or Capt. Edwards. Information about either of them is desired. S. Y. R. MOSES 'HARRIS, engraver, and author of The Aurelian and other works on natural history, is briefly mentioned in Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, but the date of his death is not there given. I hope it may be supplied by some of your correspondents. He was probably living in 1782. See as to him, Watt's Bill. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. ed. Bohn, 1003; Retro- spective Review, 2nd Ser. i. 230 ; Bromley's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, 388 ; and Nichols's Lit. Anecd. viii. 462. S. Y. R. THE MISS'HORNECKS. — These ladies were pa- trons of Goldsmith. One of them became, I believe, Mrs. Bunbury. There is this year a very pretty painting in the Exhibition at Edinburgh, of Oliver reading, in his plum- coloured coat, to these ladies. Can you give me, in the first place, any information as to the ancestry of these beauties ? And secondly, whether the fine mezzotint of " Miss Horneck " is the unmarried or married lady ? J. M. Loo. — Who was the inventor of that cosmopo- litan game at cards, Loo ? When was it first in- troduced into England? Are there any older authorities than Pope and Addison who make mention of it ? W. B. MAcCABE. Dinan, Cotes du Nord, France. MARK OF THOR'S HAMMER. — In that excellent work, the History of Christian Names, vol. ii. p. 203, a monogram is given exactly like the curious heraldic bearing called the " fylfot " or " gamma- dion," and it is called " the mark of Thor's ham- mer." What is the authority for this assertion, and what is the derivation of the word " fylfot ? " The other appellation is no doubt derived from the circumstance that the bearing is exactly as if composed of four capital Greek letters, gammas, conjoined by the foot in form of a cross. A. A. Poets' Corner. NOMINATION OP BISHOPS. — In some of the papers of the day we are informed of Lord Palmerston having nominated thirteen bishops, namely, Can- terbury, York, London, Durham, Carlisle, Ely, Gloucester, and Bristol, Norwich, Peterborough, Ripon, Rochester, and Worcester. Such a cir- cumstance, or anything like it, we are told, of one minister nominating nearly half the English epi- scopate, was never before known in the Church of England. I have referred to Coxe's Life of Wai- pole, and to Tomline's and Gifford's lives of Mr. Pitt ; but in none of them do I find any notice of the nomination of bishops. Both Walpole and Pitt were each, I think, longer in office than Lord Palmerston. May I ask any of your readers who have access to books and official documents, which give information of episcopal nominations, to in- form me which of the above-named ministers no- minated the greatest number of English bishops ? ERA. MEWBURN. Larchfield, Darlington. OLD PRINTS. — Some years since, at the sale of the curious and valuable prints which had be- longed to the late Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq., various lots fell into my hands ; and amongst these the following, as to which I should be obliged by obtaining information. 1. "The Plymouth Beauty." A fine mezzo- tinto of a beautiful female, in a sitting posture, leaning on her hand ; her elbow resting on a book. There is no engraver's name. 2. " Mrs. Sarah Porter, Queen of the Touters at Tunbridge WTells." A very fine mezzotinto. No engraver's name ; but it has the name of "Vander Smisson " as the painter. What is a " touter," and what is known of the lady ? 3. An unknown portrait. Mezzotinto, small oval kit-kat, with these lines : — " Illuc ^Etatis qui sit, non invenies alterum Lepidiorem ad omnes res, nee qui Amicus Amico sit majus." — Plautus. There is neither painter nor engraver's name mentioned. 4. Mezzotinto of a man sitting in » chair, with his hands clasped together, resting on his knees. A table, with two folio volumes on it, beside him. A three-quarter face : — " H. Hussing, Pinxit. J. Faber, Fecit. Sold by Faber, at yc Golden Fleece, Bloomsbury Square : — 3*4 S. V. JUNE 4, '64.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 459 " When philosophic thoughts engage the mind, A serious brow and looks intent we find : Not that these looks the least of doubt declare, Whilst certain truths have banished all that care ; Thus Plato, Socrates, serenely sate, And Cato, calm, defy'd injurious fate." 5. " James Sheppard, that was executed March ye i7th? 17^ at Tyburn, in ye 18 year of his age." This is a mezzotinto. Sheppard has his hand on a letter, thus addressed : " For Mr. Leak, these." Was there any special reason for the execution of this lad, beyond his attachment to the exiled family ? Is there any other print of this unfor- tunate boy ? J. M. PEDIGREE. — Would anyone tell me what evi- dence is accepted as proof in a pedigree ? K. R. C. SEAFORTH ANDREAY. — I came across an old MS. Bond of Friendship between the Lords Seaforth and Reay, dated, as I far as I can recollect, 1672, and witnessed by a number of the Frasers. Is this bond, or the circumstances under which it originated, mentioned in print anywhere ? SIGMA-THETA. SHAKSPEARIANA. — " 1501. Hugh Sattnders, or Shakspeere, was Principal ofStAlban's^Hall. « 1666. John Shakespeare, of St. Mary's Hall, took the degree of B. A." Has the relationship of either of the above to the immortal bard been ascertained? They occur in the Catalogue of Oxford Graduates (Clarendon Press, 1851). H. M. L.. SUCCESSION THROUGH THE MOTHER. — Why is succession through the mother, even in personalty, denied by the Scotch law ? The greatest stickler for feudalism or salicism surely cannot seriously advocate the exclusion of relatives by the mother from participating in books, household, or other personal property. • I have heard of two cases where, through intestacy, they have been shut out. One was a particularly hard case, for the deceased had made a twill through a lawyer, but its execution was incomplete, and some of the mother's relatives, who were to have benefited, were excluded, the nearest relative by the father's side being declared the heir, though a nearer by the mother existed. Another hardship, and one that casts a slur upon the mother's connections, is, that when no relatives by the father are living, the property goes to the Crown ; no doubt a very good administrator, and certainly a very just one, for a gift of it, minus a fee, is, I believe, generally granted to the nearest relative, though shut out by law. FIAT JUSTITIA. KATHERINE SWINTON, daughter of Sir. Alex. Swinton, married before 1680, James Smithe, merchant in Edinburgh; and (2ndly), Francis Hepburn of Brinston. Was there any issue of the first marriage ? SIGMA-THETA. JAMES THOMSON. — Can you give me any ac- count of this dramatist ? He was author of A Squeeze to the Coronation, a Farce, acted July, 1821, at the English Opera House; An Uncle too Many ; and, I believe, one or two other pieces. IOTA. VALENCIENNES. — I am anxious to know in whose possession is the painting of the Siege of Valenciennes, from which was taken the large engraving by Bromley. HARRY CONGREVE, Lieut.-Col. THE REV. THOMAS WILKINSON, rector of Great Houghton, in Northamptonshire, is said to have published — 1. "Harmonica Apostolica; or, the Mutual Agreement of St. Paul and St. James. Translated from the Latin of Bishop Bull. Lond. 8vo, 1801. 2. " Milner's Ecclesiastical History reviewed, and the Origin of Calvinism considered. A Discourse preached at the Visitation of the Archdeacon of Northampton. 30 May, 1805. 8vo, 1805. 3. " Observations on the Form of Hot-Houses, in Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 161 (1815)." Information respecting him will oblige S. Y. R. WT ATT.— Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." give me any information as to the family or arms of Wyatt of Macclesfield, of whom Esther Wyatt, born 1712, married Samuel Clowes of Langley, near Macclesfield ; and her sister Elizabeth Wyatt married a Mr. Thorley ? C. H. fottl) " THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL." — The paternity of this comedy with Sheridan has from various circumstances been considered very doubtful, as none but what were regarded as surreptitious copies of it, chiefly printed in Dublin, could be procured. Egerton, in the Theatrical Remem- brancer, Lond. 1788, p. 239, attributes it to Sheridan, and states it to have been acted at Drury Lane, 1777 : and yet classes it with anony- mous plays in 1778, not acted at p. 253 : and again at p. 266 it is stigmatized as spurious, though stated to have been " acted by his ma- jesty's servants in 1784." Mr. Rogers, in his Recollections, 1859, p. 30, speaks of Mrs. Sheridan, mother of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, as author of Sidney Biddulph, the best novel of our age, and adds, Sheridan " denied having read it, though the plot of his School for Scandal was borrowed from it." I beg to know where I may find an authentic history of this comedy, as there are so many irreconcilable accounts of it. 5. 2. [Moore, in his Life of R. B. Sheridan, edit. 1825, 4to, has satisfactorily settled this question in Chap. V. pp. 154 —192. He says, " In a late work, professing to be the Memoirs of Mr. Sheridan, there are some wise doubts 460 NOTES AND QUEEIES. S. V. JUNE 4, '64. expressed as to his being really the author of The School for Scandal, to which, except for the purpose of exposing absurdity, I should not have thought it worth while to allude, 'it is an old trick of Detraction — and one of which it never tires — to father the works of eminent writers upon others ; or, at least, while it kindly leaves an author the credit of his worst performances, to find some one in the background to ease him of the fame of his best. When this sort of charge is brought against a cotemporary, the motive is intelligible; but, such an abstract pleasure have some persons in merely unsettling the crowns of Fame, that a worthy German has written an elaborate book to prove that the Iliad was written, not by that particular Homer the world supposes, but by some other Homer ! Indeed, if mankind were to be in- fluenced by those Qui tarn critics, who have, from time to time, in the course of the history of literature, ex- hibited informations of plagiarism against great authors, the property of fame would pass from its present holders into the hands of persons with whom the world is but little acquainted. Aristotle must refund to one Ocellus Lucanus — Virgil must make a cessio bworum in favour of Pisander— the Metamorphoses of Ovid must be credited to the account of Parthenius of Nicsea, and (to come to a modern instance) Mr. Sheridan must, according to his biographer, Dr. Watkins, surrender the glory of having written The School for Scandal to a certain anonymous young lady, who died of a consumption in Thames Street!" Moore has filled nearly thirty pages with extracts from Sheridan's papers, consisting of rough sketches of the plot and dialogue, from which it appears that the play " was the slow result of many and doubtful experiments, and that it arrived at length step by step at perfection."] JOHN, OR JN°. — I should feel much obliged if any of your readers could inform me of the origin of the name John being abbreviated thus, Jn°, and not Jon, as would be expected. A. E. MURRAY. [The question is, how comes it that the o should fol- low the », and not precede it? The following explana- tion has been offered. In mediaeval times the name John Johannes) received various modifications ; one was Jan, which prevailed to a certain extent in the south of Eu- rope, as well as in the north. Moreover, Jan became occasional!}' Jano (Bluteau, Supplement to his Vocabulary, ii. 33.) Dropping the a, and making the o superior, Jano becomes Jn°. A similar suspension of the final o occurs in old manuscripts perpetually ; as in i° for illo, pp° for populo, &c. Perhaps, however, we may find a better explanation, without passing beyond the seas. Our forefathers wrote Jhon oftener than John ; and the h in former days fre- quently assumed the form of n. Jhon, contracted into Jho. or Jh°, and writing the h as n, becomes Jno, or Jn° ; and this is considered the more correct explanation.] BARONS OF HENRY ITI. : GENTRY OF ESSEX. Can you give me information on the following heads? — 1. Is there any and what record of the Barons of Henry III.'s reign, and their descend- ants? 2. Is there any record or history of the gentry of Essex of the seventeenth century? A. B. C. 1. A list of the Barons of the reign of Henry III. will be found in Beatson's Political Index. For particulars of each family our correspondent will have to consult the different works on Heraldic and Genealogical History, by Banks, Edmondson, Collins, Lodge, Playfair, Burke, &c. 2. For notices of the gentry of Essex during the seven- teenth century, consult the following historians of that county: Salmon, Morant, Mailman, Tindal, Ogborne, Wright, and Suckling. Also, Blaeuw's fine old Map of Essex, with the coats of arms of the principal nobility emblazoned in colours, about 1610 ; and a curious list of Essex Royalists in A True Relation, or Catalogue of the Gentry that are Malignants, with the exact value of each man's Estate, both Reall and Personall. 4to, 1643.] • SIBBER : SIBBER SAUCES. — "W hat is the meaning of the word sibber ? What were sibber sauces f Lord Chief Justice Coke, in summing up the evidence given on the trial of Weston, one of the parties concerned with the notorious Mrs. Turner, of starchmaking celebrity, in the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, thus instructed the jury : — " Albeit the poisoning in the indictment is said to be with rosalger, white arsenide, and mercury sublimate, yet the jury Avere not to expect precise proof in that point, showing how impossible it were to convict a poisoner, who useth not to take any witnesses to the composing of his sibber sauces ; wherefore he declared the law in. the like case as if a man be indicted for murdering a man, and it fall out upon evidence to be done with a sword, or with a rapier, or with neither, but with a staff, in that case the instrument skilleth not, so that the jury find the murder."— Cobbett's State Trials, vol. ii. p. 924. I have looked for the word sibber in Johnson, Walker, Crabbe, Ainsworth, and other diction- aries for the explanation, but to no purpose. Was sibber the name of some fashionable luxury ? or sibber sauce the compound prepared by a Soyer of the seventeenth century, whose fame has passed away ? T. G. [In Scottish and in old English, sib, sibb, or sibbe, sig- nifies related, or near of kin. We find also the compara- tive sibber. It would seem, however, that in speaking ironically of certain poisons as " sibber sauces," the learned lord meant " quieting sauces," t. e. sauces that quiet the partaker, or settle him. Sax. sibrum, pacific, quieting; sibbian, to pacify.] INDIAN ARMY. — I have an Alphabetical List of the Officers of the Madras Army from 1760 to 1834, by Messrs. Dodwell and Miles of Cornhill. Have any similar lists been published of the offi- cers of the Bengal and Bombay Presidencies ? H. LOFTUS TOTTENHAM. [Lists of the Officers of the Bengal and Bombay Pre- sidencies were also published by Messrs. Dodwell & Miles., S. V. JUNE 4, '64.] NOTES AND QUEKIES. 461 and are usually bound together with that of Madras, -with a separate title-page, Alphabetical List of the Officers of the Indian Army, 1838. In. the following year also ap- peared An Alphabetical List of the Hon. East India Com- pany's Madras Civil Servants from 1780 to 1839, also one of the Bengal Civil Servants, from 1780 to 1838, and another of the Medical Officers of the Indian Army, from 1764 to 1838.] CHARLEMAGNE'S TOMB. — Where can I find a good account of the opening of Charles the Great's tomb, and the relic found on his neck (a piece of the true cross in an emerald) given by the Burghers of Aix to Napoleon, and by him to the Duchess de Saint Leu ? JOHN DAVIDSON. [We have not been able to find any good account of the opening of the tomb of Charles the Great by Otto III. in 997 ; but some curious particulars of the tomb itself are given in the Life of Charlemagne printed by Petrus Pithoeus in his Annalium et Histories Francorum, ab anno 708 ad 990, duodecim scriptores coatanei; inserta sunt alia vetera,8vo, Francofurti, 1594, pp. 281, 282, &c., and in the Chronicon Novaliciense, by G. H. Pertz, Hannov. 8vo, 1846, p. 55. Consult also the Archacologia, iii. 389 ; " N. & Q." !•* S. i. 140, 187. In the Illustrated London News of March 8, 1845, is an engraving of Charlemagne's supposed talisman of fine gold set with gems, in the centre of which are two rough sapphires, and a portion of the Holy Cross.] A FOOT CLOTH NAG. — In Sir Simonds Dewes' Journal of the Parliament of 23 Elizabeth, A.D. 1580, I find the following : — "The House being moved, did grant that the Serjeant who was to go before the Speaker, being weak and some- what pained in his limbs, might ride upon a foot cloth nag" What is meant by this expression? M. (1.) [A foot-cloth nag is an animal ornamented with a cloth protecting the feet, i. e. housings of cloth hung down on each side of the horse, and frequently exhibited on state occasions. These animals were probably trained on purpose for this service, for a spirited horse would not bear such an encumbrance. " Nor shall I need to try, Whether my well-grass'd, tumbling foot-cloth nag, Be able to outrun a well-breath'd catchpole." Ram Alley, Old Plays, v. 473. Consult Nares's Glossary."} EIUDON STONE, LLANDEILO FAWR. — Can any translation be given of the following, from a beautifully sculptured stone at Golden Grove, near Llandeilo, S. Wales? I have copied it as accurately as I can : — " EIVDON." G. H. [A notice of this stone will be found in the Arclueologia Cambrensis, Third Series, iii. 318. The writer concludes his account of it by expressing a conjecture " that, per- haps, the name KIVDOI^ may prove to be a contracted form of two words, sci and VDON ; but we wait for Mr. Westwood's long expected account of this monument. This was written in 1857 ; but we have not met with that gentleman's notice of it.] THE PROTOTYPE OF COLLINS'S « TO-MORROW." (3rd S. iv. 445 ; v. 17, 204.) The established success of " N. & Q." may be considered a practical protest against an over- confidence in memory — the noblest quality, but not less the most treacherous deceiver of the human mind. When penning a short notice of Collins for this Journal a few months ago, I had a strong recollection of having somewhere seen an earlier and ruder song, the original, as I con- sidered it, of To-morrow ; but, as I could not then lay my hands upon it, and as I dared not trust even to a strong recollection, I felt com- pelled to pass the subject over, without further notice. Little thinking, or rather not remem- bering, that on a shelf, almost within reach of my hand, there was a poem entitled the Wish, not only in the original English of its author, Dr. Walter Pope, but also in the choice Latin of the amiable scholar Vincent Bourne. The first part of this poem, which was originally published as a song of five verses, entitled The Old Mans Wish, is what I take to be the original of To-morrow; and as it may interest many to see the rude and now rather rare outline that the mind of genius moulded into so graceful and pleasing a form, I here transcribe it for the benefit of the reader : — THE OLD MAN'S WISH. " If I live to grow old, as I find I go down, Let this be my fate in a country town ; May I have a warm house, with a stone at my gate, And a cleanly young girl to rub my bald pate. May I govern my passions with an absolute sway, Grow wiser and better as my strength wears away, Without gout or stone, by a gentle decay. " In a country town by a murmuring brook, With the ocean at distance, on which I may look, With a spacious plain, without hedge or stile, And an easy pad nag to ride out a mile. May I govern, &c. " With Horace and Plutarch, and one or two more Of the best wits that lived in the ages before ; With a dish of roast mutton, not ven'son nor teal, And clean though coarse linen at every meal. May I govern, &c. " With a pudding on Sunday, and stout humming liquor, And remnants of Latin to puzzfe the vicar; With a hidden reserve of Burgundy wine, To drink the king's health as oft as I dine. May I govern, &c. " When the days they grow short, and it freezes and snows, Let me have a coal fire as high as my nose ; A fire when once stirred up with a prong, Will keep the room temperate all the night long. May I govern, &c. 462 NOTES AND QUEKIES. [3rd S. V. JUNE 4, '64. " With a courage undaunted, may I face my last day, And when I am dead, may the better sort say, In the morning when sober, in the evening when mellow, He's gone — and h'ant left behind him his fellow ; For he governed his passions with an absolute sway, And grew wiser and better as his strength wore away, Without gout or stone, by a gentle decay." Though the above is, in every respect, inferior to To-Morrow, there is a general similarity of idea common to both songs, while the details re- semble each other too closely to be mere coin- cidences. Thus the original, " as I find I go down," is represented by " the downhill of life " ; " a murmuring brook," by " a murmuring rill " ; " the ocean at distance on which I may look," by " a cot that o'erlooks the wide sea " ; " an easy pad nag," by " an ambling pad pony." The bleak northern blast, the peace and plenty at the board, the heart free from sickness and sorrow, are all elegant adaptations by Collins of ideas expressed in the Old Mans Wish, which in my humble opinion must be considered the original of To-Morrow. But, without entering into a critical examination of the merits of the two songs, there is one grand feature in To- Morrow, which renders it, even as a literary composition, im- mensely superior to its prototype ; need I say that that superiority consists in its Christian character, its author believing — " This old worn-out stuff, which is threadbare to-day, May become everlasting to-morrow." While the character of the Old Man's Wish is as completely pagan as Horatius Flaccus, whom its author evidently adopted as his model when writing the song. |
github_open_source_100_1_553 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | from unittest import TestCase
from a816.parse.ast.nodes import LabelAstNode
from a816.parse.tokens import Token, TokenType
def make_token(value: str, token_type: TokenType) -> Token:
return Token(token_type, value)
class NodesTest(TestCase):
def test_label_node(self) -> None:
label_node = LabelAstNode("a_label", make_token("a_label", TokenType.LABEL))
self.assertEqual(("label", "a_label"), label_node.to_representation())
|
8716800_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Marco Cornaro, död 1368, var en venetiansk doge. Han var regerande doge av Venedig 1365–1368.
Referenser
Staley, Edgcumbe. (1910). The Dogaressas of Venice (The Wives of the Doges). London: T. W. Laurie.
Doger av Venedig
Män
Födda 1285
Avlidna 1368
Personer i Italien under 1300-talet.
|
US-201213626943-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Composition of a solder, and method of manufacturing a solder connection
ABSTRACT
The solder composition comprises particles of a thermodynamically metastable alloy. One of the elements of the alloy will form an intermetallic compound with a metal surface. The solder composition is particularly suitable for use in bumping of semiconductor devices.
The invention relates to a composition of a solder,
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing of an electrically conducting connection between a bonding area at a first substrate and a bonding area at a second substrate with a solder composition, comprising the steps of:
providing the solder composition onto the bonding area at the first substrate;
assembling the first and the second substrate, such that the solder composition is sandwiched between the said bonding areas at the first and the second substrate, and
providing the electrically conducting connection by heating of the solder composition.
The invention further relates to a substrate with a bonding area on which a layer of a solder composition is present and to an assembly of a first and a second substrate provided with bonding areas that are mutually connected with an electrically conducting solder connection.
Solder compositions are known per se for the connection of metallic surfaces. The metallic surfaces may extend over a large area, but are alternatively limited to small areas at an otherwise electrically insulating surface. The latter situation particularly occurs in the context of electronic components and products. An application of specific relevance is constituted by that of integrated circuits and the like. These integrated circuits are increasingly connected to carriers in a flip-chip orientation with a plurality of solder or metal bumps. Trends herein are the use of a larger number of bumps per integrated circuit and the reduction of the pitch between neighbouring bumps, and in particular the combination of both.
Requirements for the connection of electronic components to carriers are both that of mechanically stability and electrically conductivity. Solder compositions fulfill these requirements in an excellent way. This has a number of reasons: the solder is first of all, electrically conducting; better than alternatives as anistropically conducting glue and the like; then, the solder can be applied in ball-shaped portions—that are also referred to as bumps—; moreover, the solder bumps can be applied before assembly and will flow out only at elevated temperatures under a heat treatment. It is therein even possible to transport a substrate with bumps. Said elevated temperature is at the same time not on much elevated that the carrier or the components will breakdown or are damaged. And finally, the solder connection can absorb pressures as a consequence of differences in thermal expansion between the component and the carrier.
The presently available solder compositions however also have disadvantages. One of those disadvantages is the need for adhesion layers if the contact comprises a certain metal. Such metals are also classified as badly solderable contacts. The badly solderable character often consists therein that an oxide surface layer is formed at the contact. This oxide surface layer is electrically insulating and prohibits a direct connection between the solder and the metal. As a consequence, both adhesion problems and conduction problems will appear. In order to solve such badly solderable contact, the contact is generally provided with adhesion layers. Such adhesion layers need to be applied separately, which involves additional process steps and additional costs. Moreover, the adhesion layers restrict the use of such badly solderable metals, particularly in that component and carrier need to withstand certain minimum temperatures. The complexity of the problem is moreover increased in that the contact at a first substrate comprises a different metal that the contact at a second substrate that faces the first substrate.
It is therefor a first object of the invention to provide a solder composition that may be applied to establish an electrical connection between bonding areas at two opposed substrates, at least one of which contacts is badly solderable.
It is a second object of the invention to provide a method of manufacturing an electrically conducting connection of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph, which connection may be established onto a badly solderable bonding area without a separate application of a adhesion layer.
The first object is achieved in that particles of a thermodynamically metastable alloy are dispersed in the solder composition, which alloy comprises an element that on application of the composition to a metal containing surface will form an intermetallic compound with the metal of said surface.
The second object is achieved in that a first of said bonding areas at the first and second substrate contains an alloying metal and that a solder composition is applied, in which particles of a thermodynamically metastable alloy are dispersed, which alloy comprises an element that will form an intermetallic compound with the alloying metal of the first contact.
The solder composition of the invention is in fact a chemically stable, two-phase mixture of compounds that allow the provision of a good electrical connection to contacts at opposed substrates. But although chemically stable per se, the particles in the composition are thermodynamically metastable. This means that if the composition is heated, the constituents of the particles have the tendency to take on a different physical chemical shape, e.g. to diffuse into the solder composition and possibly to react. The constitution of the metastable particles can therein be chosen such as to remove any oxide surface layer at the surface of a badly solderable contact. The oxide surface layer is then not only removed, but replaced by an electrically conducting adhesion layer of an intermetallic compound. This intermetallic compound comprises both an element of the contact and an element originating from the thermodynamically metastable particles. The adhesion layer provides then the adhesion between the contact and the solder composition. An important feature of the invention is moreover that any surplus of particles in the solder composition will after cooling down continue to exist as a second phase in the solder connection without substantial negative impact on the mechanical stability or the electrical conductivity of the solder connection.
It is a first advantage of the present invention that the solder composition adheres at a large variety of different surfaces. These include, metals like aluminium, copper, gold, nickel and alloys therewith; semiconductor materials such as an ohmic contact of doped silicon; conductive oxides and nitrides such as indium-tin-oxide, ruthenium oxide and titanium nitride. Particularly advantageous is the application hereof in circumstances that do not allow a standard solder bump in view of the oxidizing surface, and particularly aluminium, nickel (that otherwise is provided with a gold surface), silicon and indium-tin-oxide. Major applications hereof are respectively labels and other conventional ICs; immersion soldering for fine pitch processing, particularly with a solder composition with a Sn-matrix such as BiSn or PbSn; die attach; and chip-on-glass processes and display drivers in particular.
It is a second advantage of the present invention that the contacts at opposing substrates may contain a different metal as their primary component. In this case, the adhesion layer may be formed at the contact of a single substrate only. Suitable examples include aluminum and copper; aluminium and gold; indium-tin-oxide and copper or aluminum, etc.
It is a further advantage that the solder composition can be lead-free. The application of lead-free solder is required for environmental reasons.
The particles of a thermodynamically stable nature that are applicable comprise as alloying element for the intermetallic compound particularly and preferably one or more of the group of indium, tin, bismuth and zinc. These elements can form intermetallic compounds with aluminum in particular, but also with other elements such as tungsten, titanium, vanadium and nickel. In fact, the alloying element is herein chosen from one of the higher groups of the periodic table (V, VI, Vb), whereas the elements present in the contact are in the lower groups of the periodic table (III, IIIa, Iva), so as to enable to establish a noble gas configuration which forming the alloy.
In a further embodiment, the particles further comprise an element that is able to form an oxide preferentially above aluminium oxide or tin oxide. This element is particularly chosen from the group of titanium, chrome, aluminum and nickel. An alternative roach is a treatment with a suitable acid solution for the removal of the aluminum oxid layer. It is observed that aluminium can act as this component, notwithstanding an aluminium oxide surface, since the aluminium oxide of the surface turns out to have another energy level than that of the oxide particles formed from the metastable element. The resulting situation is a dispersion of these oxide particles in the solder bump.
Suitable compositions of the metastable particles are for instance SnAg₄Ti₄, and ZnAl₆Ag₆. Although these particle compositions are known per se, the use of these compositions as particles in a standard solder composition to obtain solder droplets that can be applied for bumping of semiconductor devices is not known. Moreover, the present use is an application to semiconductor devices with its specific requirements. The Sn-based particles herein have melting temperatures of 200-238° C., the Zn-based particles have melting temperatures of 380-426° C. It has found that it is not necessary to heat the solder composition to a temperature above the melting temperature of the particles, but only to a temperature above the melting point of the matrix material.
In a particularly preferred embodiment the reacting element is Sn and the solder composition comprises Sn. The presence of tin in both the particles and the solution provides an improved stability of the composition. The use of tin-containing solder is furthermore well established in the field of semiconductor assembly. Suitable examples of such solders are the SAC (tin-silver-copper) solder, and tin-based solders such as SnCu, SnBi, PbSn, SnIn, SnZn and ternary or quaternary alloys of tin, indium, bismuth and zinc. The combination of such tin-containing solder with an metallization or bump of gold is most preferred, in that then an eutectic AuSn interconnect may be formed. The use of a tin-containing solder is furthermore advantageous in that it has a relatively low melting point. As a consequence, the solder composition of the invention can be applied for badly solderable contacts on carriers that can withstand only a reasonably low temperature. Such carriers are particularly organic and flexible carriers.
Generally, the dispersed particles are present in a weight concentration of 0.1 to 90%, and preferably in a weight concentration of 0.5 to 60%. The concentration is preferably on the lower side hereof, in the order of up to 10%, as it is sufficient to form a thin layer of the intermetallic compound. The exact concentration may be chosen up to desire also in view of viscosity of the composition, and particle size. It will be understood that the rheology of the composition is an important factor in order to ascertain that the surface of the contact will be covered by the intermetallic compound as much as desired. It is of course highly preferred, both for the chemical stability and for the electrical conductivity, that the complete contact is covered with the intermetallic compound.
The average diameter of the dispersed particles is for instance in the range from 0.1 to 80 μm. Preferably the average diameter is in the range from 0.3 to 20 μm. The minimum size of the dispersed particles is only determined by the tendency to dissolve in the solder composition, as such a dissolution may change the phase of the elements in the particles, and therewith the reactivity. It will be understood that a small size is preferred in order to obtain a thin layer of the intermetallic compound with uniform thickness. Moreover, a small size enhances the uniformity of the distribution of the particles in the solder composition. Additionally, small particle sizes appear to be required for applications in which the pitch between individual dots of the solder is small. The pitch is generally defined as the distance from the center of one solder bump to the center of a neighbouring solder bump. Small herein implies a distance of 15 to 40 μm, and it will be understood that the particles need to be an order of magnitude smaller than that at least, and preferably even more than that.
The composition of the invention is specifically suitable for use as solder bumps in electronic applications, in which the bonding areas are limited to bond pads on an otherwise substantially electrically insulating substrate. Such bond pads generally have a dimension of less than 100*100 micrometers, including also less than 10*10 microns, however, they may be larger as well. Alternatively, the solder composition of the invention is used for other applications. A particular application is the die attachment of components to a carrier. Surprisingly good results have been obtained for the attachment of dies comprising a semiconductor substrate. Other applications include the connection of two larger plates, the provision of rings of solder. The particle size may be adapted in this context so as to act as a spacer that determines the distance between individual surfaces of two opposing substrates.
In the method of the invention, it is highly preferred that one of the bonding areas—in particular bond pads to which is also referred as contacts—comprises aluminum. This metal is not only used as interconnect material in integrated circuits and other components such as passive networks. It can be applied on labels and other flexible substrates at low temperature and has, through its natural oxide layer a good protection against humidity and the like. However, the use of aluminum has often provided problems and costs in that separate adhesion layers had to be applied, generally at higher temperatures. In the invention, this is not problematic.
It is moreover suitable, that the first contact is present at the first substrate and the contact at the second substrate comprises a thickened top layer, that will form an alloy with the solder composition. Although the reverse is not excluded, good results have been obtained in experiments in which the intermetallic compound will form at the substrate at which the solder composition is applied. This has the advantage that a stable connection and protection of the first contact can be formed directly after the provision of the solder composition. The connection to the second substrate can be carried out at a later stage, and possibly at another location. In view of the high stability of the intermetallic compound, this will not be redissolved in a later soldering step; however, the layer of the intermetallic compound may be thickened as a consequence of continued deposition.
The presence of a thickened top layer leads to the formation of an alloy with the solder composition. Examples of thickened top layers include under bump metallizations, stud bumps, galvanic bumps and the like. Suitable materials are known per se to the skilled person and include for instance nickel, copper and gold.
The method of the invention is particularly suitable for the provision of components, such as integrated circuits on flexible carriers. However, it is certainly not limited to this application. Other suitable applications comprise chip-on-chip applications, in which bond pads on one chip are connected to bond pads on another chip. Often, although not necessary, at least one of these bond pads comprises aluminum or an aluminum alloy. A first combination of chips is that of a memory chip and a processor or other logic chip. An alternative combination is an integrated circuit with a network of passive components as a carrier. A further combination is for instance an integrated circuit with on top of that a passive component or network. Particularly for this latter component the solder of the invention appears to be highly suitable, as this needs to be a small pitch solution. Also, since no separate adhesion layer is needed, the costs are lowered and the flexibility is increased. In a present version the metallisation layer of such a passive network is made of aluminum. The use of the composition of the invention allows the reduction of mask steps substantially. Furthermore, the composition of the invention might well be tuned so as to have limited wettability to aluminum or aluminum oxide only. In this manner, the solder composition can be applied maskless, and continued adhesion will be established through the formation of the intermetallic compound.
Any heating needed for the formation of the intermetallic compound can be provided locally or over the complete substrate. Use of a reflow oven is an option but is not needed.
As stated above, the solder composition may be applied on a substrate that is thereafter sold or transported to another location. The intermediate product is thus a substrate with the solder composition of the invention in the form of droplets or the like. The substrate will generally be part of the component, in casu the integrated circuit. The pattern of contacts may be a ball grid array as generally used. It is however certainly not excluded that use is made of a pattern of bond pads on active.
The solder may be applied to the surface of the component in the form of bumps, i.e. by individually depositing droplets. An alternative, but suitable method is the use of immersion solder bumping. Herein the particularly Sn-containing layer is provided on a suitable under bump metallisation, for instance of nickel or copper, by immersion. In this case, the opposite substrate may have the badly solderable contacts. The advantage of immersion soldering is the reduced pitch that can be achieved herein.
The invention further relates to an assembly of a first and a second substrate provided with contacts that are mutually connected with an electrically conducting solder connection.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such an assembly that has an adhesion layer that provides good contact.
This object is achieved in that an adhesion layer comprising an intermetallic compound is present at an interface of at least one of the contacts and the solder connection, said compound comprises an element present in the contact and an alloying element originating from the solder composition.
These and other aspects of the composition and the method of the invention will be further elucidated with reference to the figures, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the prior art substrate;
FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a substrate according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the assembly according to the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a photograph of a first test result
FIG. 5 shows a photograph of a second test result
FIG. 6 shows a photograph of a test result of a comparative example
FIG. 7 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a second example of the assembly of the invention; and
FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a third example of the assembly of the invention.
The Figures are not drawn to scale and same reference numbers in different Figures refer to like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatical cross-sectional view of a prior art substrate. This substrate is an integrated circuit device. It comprises a plurality of elements, in this case a MOS transistor 2 and a polysilicon track 3. The circuit has been provided in an active circuit area 4 at a surface of a semiconductor body 1. In overlying relationship relative to the circuit devices 2,3 an interconnect structure 8 is provided for interconnecting the circuit devices 2,3 to form the circuit. In this embodiment, the interconnect structure 8 comprises a first patterned metal layer 5, a second patterned metal layer 6 and interconnection vias 7. The patterned metal layers 5,6 comprise in this example Al or an aluminium alloy, such as AlCu. On top of the interconnect structure 8 a layer of a passivating material 9 has been disposed. The passivating material is for instance silicon nitride or silicon oxide. The passivation structure may comprise further layers that inhibit radiation and are chemically stable against reactive etchants, so as to provide a hurdle against unauthorized access to the integrated circuit. The latter is primarily important for application of the integrated circuit in smartcards and the like. By means of a photolithographical steep and etching a via contacthole 10 has been formed extending from the second patterned metal layer 6 and passing through the layer of passivating material 9. A barrier layer 11, for instance comprising TiW or Ti/Pt is provided on the layer of passivating material 9 and in the via contact hole 10 for instance by means of a sputtering process. The barrier layer 11 is relatively thin compared to the layer of passivating material 9 and has a thickness of about 200 to 300 nm. On top of the barrier layer 11 a metal layer 12 has been deposited for instance by means of a sputtering process. This metal layer 12, may for instance comprise Au and has a thickness of 100 to 200 nm. Subsequently a Pb/Sn bump 13 has been grown on the barrier layer 11 and the metal layer by means of electroplating preceded by a photolithographical step to define the bump dimension. Together, the barrier layer 11, the metal layer 12 and the bump 13 form the hump electrode. The bump electrode lies substantially straight above the active circuit area 4.
FIG. 2 shows in diagrammatical cross-sectional view a substrate of the invention. In this substrate, the barrier layer 11 and the metal layer 12 are absent. Instead, use is made of the solder composition of the invention as the material for the bump 13. This material is printed as a solder paste, in which the passivation layer 9 acts as the solder resist material. Use is made of eutectic Sn₄₃Bi₅₇-soldering alloy as the matrix material, comprising 4.5% by weight of particles of Sn₉₂Ag4Ti4 and 0.5% by weight of particles of Sn₉₀Al₆Ag₄. The solder composition is applied in the contact holes 10 to the bond pads of Al or an Al alloy, which are defined in the second patterned metal layer 6. These bond pads are provided with a native aluminium oxide layer. The solder composition is made to attach to the bond pads by a heating step to above the melting point of the matrix material. The heating step was carried out at 170 in this example, as the melting point of eutectic tin-bismuth is 139° C. The resulting structure is applied to a carrier. The bond pads had a size of about 50×50 microns, which is however not critical and open to reduction.
FIG. 3 shows in diagrammatical cross-sectional view the assembly 100 of the invention. The integrated circuit 30 with the said solder bumps 13 is herein applied to a carrier 20 comprising aluminium tracks 23 at a first side 21 of the carrier 20. Subsequently, a bonding step is carried out with ultrasonic bonding at 35 kHz at 5 W output, at a temperature of 250° C. and during 10 seconds. The resulting connection comprises adhesion layers 16, 26 of an intermetallic compound of SnAl. Additionally, particles 17 of SnTi are formed and present within the solder bump 13 that bind the oxygen which is made free from the originally present aluminium oxide surface layer. Particles 18 of SnAgTi may be present in addition to the particles 17 of SnTi with incorporated oxygen. These are the particles that did not or only partially react during the formation of the adhesion layer 16, 26.
FIG. 4 shows a photograph of a comparative example. In this case, use was made of a SnBi alloy without any added particles. Cracks are visible which show that the connection is not reliable. The black phase is Tin and the white phase is Bismuth.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show photographs of a cross-section of connections made in first experiments. The difference between the photographs is in the morphology of the particles. FIG. 5 shows the result for needle-shaped particles and FIG. 6 shows the result for particles with an irregular shape. The surfaces contain Aluminum. Two phases can be distinguished: a phase of the matrix material of SnBi, and a phase of the SnTi particles formed, which particles incorporate the oxygen. The SnTi particles do not form an obstacle for the thermal or electrical conductivity of the connection, as they are metallic particles. The adhesion layer of the intermetallic AlSn cannot be distinguished at the photographs.
The particles in this experiment had a diameter in the order of 10-20 microns. This size will be reduced in further experiments to less than 10 microns, more preferably less than 5 microns and most preferably in the order of 1-3 microns. This reduction is done in view of the miniaturization in the IC industry. A well ohmic contact is obtained and the conductivity is good.
FIG. 7 shows in diagrammatical cross-sectional view a second embodiment of the assembly 100 according to the invention. The solder composition 13 of the invention is applied on a nickel or copper metallisation 12 in this example. In this case use is made of the technique of immersion soldering bumping as known per se. The nickel metallisation 12 is preferably applied in an electroless process. This is a maskless process, and it can be applied with a very small pitch of less than 40 microns and potentially in the order of 10 microns. The substrate 30 is then applied to a carrier 20 comprising aluminium bond pads 24. This carrier 20 is an integrated circuit in particular, having a semiconductor substrate 22, an interconnect structure 28 and a passivation layer 29. In view of the small height of the solder bump applied with immersion soldering, the bond pad 24 at the first side 21 of the carrier 20 is provided on top of the passivation layer 29 by preference, for instance in a bond pads on active process as known per se in the field. In such bond pads on active process, the bond pads 24 are rerouted to an interconnect layer 25 below the passivation layer 29 through vertical interconnects or the like. This embodiment has the advantage over conventional immersion soldering bumping, that no additional metallisation of Au need to be applied at the carrier 20. This again has the advantage that the resolution can be enhanced; contrarily to a metallisation, an aluminium bond pads on active layer 24 can be suitable applied in a wafer fab and as part of standard processing. The immersion solder bumping technique has the advantage that the soldering can be carried out without substantial pressure. It is therefore very suitable for combination with bond pads on active, that cannot generally withstand high bonding pressures. Although not shown here, any space between the carrier 20 and the substrate 30 is suitably filled with an underfill. The bond pads 6 and solder bumps 13 that are not connected to corresponding bond pads 24 at the carrier can be used for connection to an external device or to other devices. The connection to an external device is suitably made with wirebonding or flip-chip, as known in the art. FIG. 8 shows in a diagrammatical cross-sectional view a further application of the solder composition of the invention. Herein, the solder composition 13 is used for soldering of a backside 31 of a semiconductor device 30 to a heat sink 200 of the carrier 20. Particularly, the semiconductor device 30 comprises a silicon substrate 1 as a support wafer. Additionally, it may contain buried layer of another material, such as an oxide, a nitride or even a silicide and/or layers of another material, including SiGe, SiC and III-V materials. The latter materials may be grown epitaxially. Surprisingly, it was found that the solder composition 13 of the invention has a good adhesion to silicon. In a first experiment, use was made of a solder composition 13 on the basis of eutectic tin-bismuth solder. Similar results may be achieved with solders with a higher melting point, such as tin-silver-copper, tin-silver and tin-copper alloys. As shown in the drawing, the device 30 is provided with an interconnect structure 8 in a top layer of which bond pads 6 are defined. Exposed through apertures in the passivation layer 9, that is present at a top side 32 of the device 30, these bond pads 6 are provided with a metallisation 12, generally referred to as underbump metallisation (UBM) and with an electrically conducting connection, in this case wirebonds 33. The wirebonds 33 are connected to contact pads 201, 202 that are part of the carrier 20. In this case, the carrier 20 is a leadframe of the HVQFN-type. The assembly is protected by an encapsulation 40 of any conventional material, such as epoxy.
1.-5. (canceled)
6. A method of manufacturing an electrically conducting connection between a bonding area at a first substrate and a bonding area at a second substrate by means of a solder composition, comprising the steps of: providing the solder composition onto the bonding area at the first substrate; assembling the first and the second substrate, such that the solder composition is sandwiched between the said bonding areas at the first and the second substrate, and providing the electrically conducting connection by heating of the solder composition, characterized in that: a first of said bonding areas at the first and second substrate contains an alloying metal and a corresponding oxide layer; a solder composition is applied, in which particles of a thermodynamically metastable alloy are dispersed, which alloy comprises an element that will form an intermetallic compound with the alloying metal of the first bonding area.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alloying metal of the first bonding area is Al.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the bonding areas are limited to bonding pads and the first bonding area is present at the first substrate and the bonding area at the second substrate comprises a thickened top layer, that will form an alloy with the solder composition.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the composition of a solder in which particles of a thermodynamically metastable alloy are dispersed, which alloy comprises an element that, upon application of the composition to a metal oxide containing surface, will form an intermetallic compound with the metal of said surface is applied.
10. A substrate with a bonding area on which a layer of a solder composition is present, and wherein particles of a thermodynamically metastable alloy are dispersed in the solder composition, which alloy comprises an element that, upon application of the composition to a metal oxide containing surface, will form an intermetallic compound with the metal of said surface. 11.-12. (canceled)
13. An assembly of a first and a second substrate provided with surfaces which, at a first area, are mutually interconnected by means of an electrically conducting connection of a solder composition, and wherein an adhesion layer comprising an intermetallic compound is present at an interface of at least one of the first area and the solder connection, said compound comprising an element present in the first area and an alloying element originating from the solder composition.
14. An assembly as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that particles of a thermodynamically metastable alloy are dispersed in said solder connection, the alloying element of the intermetallic compound originating from said thermodynamically metastable alloy.
15. An assembly as claimed in claim 13 wherein the first substrate comprises an integrated circuit, and the first area is limited to an area identified as bond pads.
16. The method as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the element of the alloy that reacts with the surface is chosen from the group of Sn, Zn, In, Al and Bi.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the reacting element is Sn and the solder composition comprises Sn.
18. The method as claimed in claim 9, in which the dispersed particles are present in a weight concentration of 10% to 90%.
19. The method as claimed in claim 9, in which the dispersed particles are present in a weight concentration of 50% to 60%.
20. The method as claimed in claim 9, in which the dispersed particles have an average diameter between 0.5 and 80 mm.
21. The method as claimed in claim 9, in which the dispersed particles have an average diameter between 1 and 20 mm.
22. The method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the element of the alloy that reacts with the surface is chosen from the group of Sn, Zn, In, Al and Bi.
23. The method as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the reacting element is Sn and the solder composition comprises Sn.
24. The method as claimed in claim 10, in which the dispersed particles are present in a weight concentration of 50% to 60%.
25. The method as claimed in claim 10, in which the dispersed particles are present in a weight concentration of 10% to 90%.
26. The method as claimed in claim 10, in which the dispersed particles have an average diameter between 0.5 and 80 mm.
27. The method as claimed in claim 10, in which the dispersed particles have an average diameter between 1 and 20 mm..
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worksalexanderh31hamigoog_18 | English-PD | Public Domain | You observe I confine myself to a million. I would not bear hard in this way. I would add, as aid, the taxes contemplated last session— on stamps, collateral successions, new modifications of some articles of imports, and let me add, saddle-horses. The idea of taxing slaves generally will not work well. If confined to all menial servants for luxury, as coachmen, footmen, cooks, 4c., it would be eligible. HAMILTON TO DAYTON. 1799. An accurate view of the internal situation of the United States presents many discouraging reflections to the enlightened friends of our government and country. ^'Notwithstanding the unexampled success of our public measures at home and abroad, — ^notwithstanding the instructive comments afibrded by the dis- astrons and disgusting scenes of the French Eevolution — public opinion has not been ameliorated ; sentiments dangerous to social liappiness have not been diminished : on the contrary, there are symptoms which warrant the apprehension that among the most xiumerous class of citizens, errors of a very pernicious tendency liave not only preserved but have extended their empire. Though something may have been gained on the side of men of informa- tion and property, more has probably been lost on that of per- sons of a different description. An extraordinary exertion of the fiiends of government, aided by circumstances of momentary impression, gave, in the last election for members of Congress, a more fiEtvorable countenance to some States than they had before ^om ; yet it is the belief of well-informed men, that no real or desirable change has been wrought in those States. On the other liand, it is admitted by close observers, that some of the parts of the Union which, in time past, have been the soundest, have of late exhibited signs of a gangrene begun and progressive. 384 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [JBt.4 It is likewise apparent that opposition to the government h acquired more system than formerly, is bolder in the avowal its designs, less solicitous than it was to discriminate between t Constitution and the administration, and more open and mo enterprising in its projects. The late attempt of Virginia ai Kentucky to unite the State legislatures in a direct resistance certain laws of the Union, can be considered in no other lig than as an attempt to change the government. It is stated, in addition, that the opposition party in V: ginia, the head-quarters of the faction, have followed up the he tile declarations which are to be found in the resolutions of the General Assembly by an actual preparation of the means of su porting them by force ; that they have taken measures to p their militia on a more efficient footing — are preparing conside able arsenals and magazines, and (which is an unequivocal pro how much they are in earnest) have gone so far as to lay ne taxes on their citizens. Amidst such serious indications of ho tility, the safety and the duty of the supporters of the gover ment call upon them to adopt vigorous measures of counteractio It will be wise in them to act upon the hypothesis, that the a posers of the government are resolved, if it shall be practicabl to make its existence a question of force. Possessing as the now do all the constitutional powers, it will be an unpardonah mistake on their part if they do not exert them to surround U Constitution with more ramparts, and to disconcert the schema of its enemies. The measures proper to be adopted may be classed ondi heads. First. — Establishments which will extend the influence an promote the popularity of the Government. Under this hea three important expedients occur. First The extension of tl Judiciary system. Second. The improvement of the great con munications, as well interiorly as coastwise by turnpike road Third. The institution of a society with ftinds to be employe in premiums for new inventions, discoveries and improvemeni in agriculture and in the arts. The extension of the Judiciary system ought to embrace tw iET.43.] CORRESPONDENCE. 386 objects : — one, the subdivision of each State into small districts (suppose Connecticut into four, and so on in proportion), assign- ing to each a judge with a moderate salary — the other, the ap- pointment in each county of conservators or justices of the peace, with only ministerial functions, and with no other com- pensation than fees for the services they shall perform. This measure is necessary to give efficacy to the laws, the execution of which is obstructed by the want of similar organs and by the indisposition of the local magistrates in some States. The Con- stitution requires that judges shall have fixed salaries ; but this does not apply to mere justices of the peace without judicial powers. Both those descriptions of persons are essential, as well to the energetic execution of the laws as to the purposes of salu- tary patronage. The thing no doubt would be a subject of clamor, but it vrould carry with it its own antidote, and when once established, -would bring a very powerful support to the government. The improvement of the roads would be a measure universally popular. None can be more so. For this purpose a regular plan should be adopted coextensive with the Union, to be successively executed, and a fund should be appropriated sufficient for the T^aais of a loan of a million of dollars. The revenue of the post- office naturally offers itself The future revenue from tolls would xBore than reimburse the expense, and public utility would be promoted in every direction. The institution of a society, with the aid of proper funds, to encourage agriculture and the arts, besides being productive of general advantage, will speak power- fully to the feelings and interests of those classes of men to whom the benefits derived from the government have been heretofore ^o least manifest. Second : Provision for augmenting the means and consoli- dating the strength of the government. A million of dollars without difficulty be added to the revenue, by increasing the of some existing indirect taxes, and by the addition of some items of a similar character. The direct taxes ought neither to be increased nor diminished. ^^^* naval force ought to be completed to six ships of the line, F 25 886 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [Mt.4^ twelve frigates, and twenty-four sloops of war. More at thk juncture would be disproportioned to our resources; less wouU be inadequate to the ends to be accomplished. Our militaij force should, for the present, be kept upon its actual footing making provision for a re-enlistment of the men for five years u the event of a settlement of diflferences with France, — with thii condition, that in case of peace between Great Britain, France and Spain, the United States being then also at peace, all th< privates of the twelve additional regiments of infantry, and o; the regiment of dragoons, not exceeding twenty to a company shall be disbanded. The corps of artillerists may be lefl to retail the numbers which it shall happen to have, but without being r& cruited until the number of officers and privates shall fisJl beloi the standard of the infantry and dragoons. A power ought tc be given to the President to augment the four old regiments tc their war establishment. The laws respecting volunteer companies, and the eventm armyj should be rendered permanent, and the executive should proceed without delay to organize the latter. Some modificatiom of the discretion of the President will however be proper in a permanent law. And it will be a great improvement of the plan, if it shall be thought expedient to allow the enlistment^ foi the purpose of instruction, of a corps of sergeants equal to the number requisite for the eventual army. The institution of a Military Academy will be an auxiliary of great importance. Manufactories of every article, the woollen parts of clothing in- cluded, which are essential to the supply of the army, ought to be established. Third: Arrangements for confirming and enlarging the legal powers of the government There are several temporary lawa which, in this view, ought to be rendered permanent, particularlj that which authorizes the calling out of the. militia to suppress unlawful combinations and insurrections. An article ought to be proposed to be added to the Oonstitu- tion, for empowering Congress to open canals in all cases in which it may be necessary to conduct them through the territory of two or more States, or through the territory of a State and J1.4S.] CORR£SPOND£NCE. 387 that of the United Stp.tes. The power is very desirable for the purpose of iiQprQving the prodigious facilities for inland naviga: tion with wliich nature has farored this country. It will also as* sist commerce aud agriculture, by rendering. the transpprtation of commodities more cheap, and expeditious. It will tend to secure the connection, by facilitating the communication between distant portions of the Union, and it will be a useful source of influence to .the government. Happy would it be, if a clause could be added to the Constitution, enabling Congress, on the application of any considerable portion of a State, containing not less than a hundred thousand persons, to erect it into a separate State, on the condition of fixing the quota of contributions which it shall make towards antecedent debts, if any there shall be, reserving to Congress the authority to levy within such State the taxes necessary to the payment of such quota, in case of neglect on the part of the State. The svbdivision of the great States is indispensor lie to the security of the general government^ and with it of the Union. Great States wiU alvxiys fed a rivalship with the common head, wiU often be supposed to machinate against it, and in certain situa- tians wiU he able to do it with decisive effect. The subdivision of such Staies ought to he a cardinal point in Uie federal policy ; and smaU States are doubtless hest adapted to the purposes of local regulation and to the preservation of the rq>ublican spirit This suggestion, however, is merely thrown out for consideration. It is feared that it would be inexpedient and even dangerous to propose, at this time, an amendment of the kind. Fourth: Laws for restraining and punishing incendiary and' seditious practices. It will be useful to declare that all such writings, &c., which at common law are libels, if levelled against any officer whatsoever of the United States, shall be cognizable in the courts of the United States. To preserve confidence in the officers of the general government, by preserving their reputations from malicious and unfounded slanders, is essential, to enable them to fulfil the ends of their appoiiftment It is therefore both consti- tational and politic to place their reputations under the guardian- ship of the courts of the United States. They ought not to be left to Uie cold and reluctant protection of State courts, always tempo- 388 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [JCt. 43 rizing and sometimes disaflfected. But what avail laws which are not executed ? Eenegade aliens conduct more than one of the most incendiary presses in the United States — and yet, in open contempt and defiance of the laws, they are permitted to con- tinue their destructive labors. Why are they not sent away? Are laws of this kind passed merely to excite odium and remain a dead letter? Vigor in the executive is at least as necessary as in the legislative branch ; if the President requires to be stim- ulated those who can approach him ought to do it. HAMILTON TO LA FAYETTE. New-York, January 6th, 1799. Dear Si ^ I have been made happy, my dear friend, by the receipt of your letter of the 12th of August last. No explanation of your polit- ical principles was necessary to satisfy me of the perfect consist- ency and purity of your conduct. The interpretation may al- ways be left to my attachment for you. Whatever difference of opinion may on any occasion exist between us, can never lessen my conviction of the goodness both of your head and heart. I expect from you a return of this sentiment so far as concerns the heart. 'Tis needless to detail to you my political tenets. I shall only say that I hold with Montesquieu^ that a government must be fitted to a nation, as much as a coat to the individual ; and, consequently, that what may be good at Philadelphia, may be bad at Paris, and ridiculous at Petersburgh. I join with you in regretting the misunderstanding between our two countries. You will have seen by the President's speech that a door is again opened for terminating them amicably. And you may be assured that we are sincere, and that it is in the power of France, by reparation to our merchants for past injury, and the stipulation of justice in future, to put an end to the con- troversy. But I do not much like the idea of your being any way im- iET.43.] CORRESPONDENCE. 389 plicated in the affair, lest you should be compromitted in the opinion of one or the other of the parties. It is my opinion that it is best for you to stand aloof. Neither have I abandoned the idea that it is most advisable for you to remain in Europe till the difference is adjusted. It would be very difficult for you here to steer a course which would not place you in a party, and not re- move you from the broad ground which you now occupy in the hearts of all. It is a favorite point with me that you shall find in the universal regard of this country all the consolations which the loss of your own (for so I consider it) may render requisite. Mrs. Church and Mrs. Hamilton unite in assurance of their affectionate remembrance. Believe me always Your very cordial and faithful firiend, A. H. MARanifl De La Fatette. KING TO HAMILTON. London, January 2l8t, 1799. Dear Sir: We have the New- York papers to the 15th ult. These con- t^ain the speeches as well as the answers of the two Houses. All ^eems intended for the best, but it gives me an ill idea abroad of ^>ur zeal, to find that our army decreed so many months since Remained to be raised. The difficulty and time necessary to find Suitable officers, reminds one of the like impediments which pre- Ciedcd the appointment of Monroe to Paris. I hope the results X«vill differ. I am entirely disposed, indeed resolved, to treat the subject as t:he good principles of all concerned merit, but I can't conceal from ^ou my very great apprehension that too much is left to the chance ^nd influence of intrigue and diplomatic skill. In the light in V^hich I alone can see the views of France, there seems to be no secure alternative, and the sooner we so say and act, the less '^ill be our danger. 390 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [ifix. 42. For God's sake attend to the very intQi>38titig subject treated of in mj ciphered dispatches to the Secretary of State of the lOth, l8th;and 19th, instant. Connect it as it should be, with the main object, the time to accomplish which has arrived. "Without su- perstition. Providence seems to have prepared the way, and to have pointed out the instruments of its will. Our children will reproach us if we neglect our duty, and humanity will escape many scourges if we act with wisdom and decision. I am more confirmed than before, that an efficient force will be confederated to act against France. The combination is not yet completed^ but, as I have reason to believe, will soon be. That will be the moment for us to settle upon immutable foundations the extensive system of the American nation. Who can hinder us ? One nation alone has the power ; and she will co-operate in the accomplishment in South America of what has so well been done in North. P. S. — ^Mr. Church knows very well Col. Maitland. HAMILTON TO H. G. OTIS. New-York, Jtakuuy 26th, 1799. Dear Sir: You will recollect that I reserved for a future answer part of a letter which I had the pleasure of receiving from you some time since. These are my ideas on that subject. I should be glad to see, before the close of the session, a law empowering the President, at his discretion, in case a negotiation between the United States and France should not be on foot by the first of August next, or being on foot should terminate with- out an adjustment of differences, to declare that a state of wai^ exists between the two countries, and thereupon to employ the^ land and naval forces of the United States in such nuumer iET.42.] CORRESPONDENCE. 391 shall appear to him most effectual for annoying the enemy, and for preventing and frustrating hostile designs of France, either directly or indirectly through any of her aJUes, This course of proceeding, by postponing the event, and giv- ing time for the intervention of negotiation, would be a further , proof of moderation in the government, and would tend to reconcile our citizens to the last extremity, if it shall ensue, gradually accustoming their minds to look forward to it. If France be really desirous of accommodation, this plan will accelerate her measures to bring it about. If she have not that desire, it is best to anticipate her final vengeance, and to throw whatever weight we have into the scale opposed to her. This conduct may contribute to disable her to do the mischief which she may meditate. As it is every moment possible that the project of taking possession of the Floridas and Louisiana long since attributed to France, may be attempted to be put in execution, it is very im- portant that the Executive should be clothed with power to meet and defeat so dangerous an enterprise. Indeed, if it is the policy of France to leave us in a state of semi-hostility, 'tis preferable to terminate it, and by taking possession of those countries for ourselves, to obviate the mischief of their falling into the hands of an active foreign power, and at the same time to secure to the United States the advantage of keeping the key of the western country. I have been long in the habit of considering the ac- <|aisition of those countries as essential to the permanency of tbe Union, which I consider as very important to the welfare of ^he whole. If universal empire is still to be the pursuit of France, what ^5an tend to defeat the purpose better than to detach South Ame- ^ca from Spain, which is only the channel through which the ^ches of Mexico and Peru are conveyed to France? The execu- 'tive ought to be put in a situation to embrace favorable conjunc- tures for effecting that separation. 'Tis to be regretted that the j)reparation of an adequate military force does not advance more ^rapidly. There is some sad nonsense on this subject in some ^{ood heads. The reveries of some of the friends of the govern- 392 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [iEi. 43. ment are more injurious to it than the attacks of its declared enemies. lilies. When will men learn to profit by experience ? SEDGWICK TO HAMILTON. Philadelphia, February 7th, 1799. I had the pleasure, my dear sir, the day before yesterday, to receive your favor of the 2d. With regard to the conduct of Virginia and Kentucky, the moment I came into town, I applied to the apparent leaders in the House of Representatives, and stated to them my opinion of the measures which to me seemed expedient to be adopted. That it was necessary to preoccupy the ground ; that for this purpose, it would be expedient to appoint an able committee, to refer the addresses on the subject with an intention of making a report, which should have all the properties of an address. I had two reasons for preferring this being done by the House, because we had before the Senate no address on the subject, and because, for obvious reasons, the conduct of the House would excite more attention, and make a deeper impression. I spoke to no gentle- man who did not explicitly concur with mc in opinion, but nothing has been done, because, as I understand the gentlemen cannot agree on the precise mode in which it is to be done. They still say, and I have this day had conversation with them on the subject, that the business will yet be done. Had it not been believed that the House would have before this time exe- cuted this important object, it would have long since been in progress in the Senate. It is not yet, perhaps, too late, though I regret as much as any one the delay. You have seen, I presume, the address of the minority of the House of Representatives of Virginia to their constituents. It is- said to have been drawn by Marshall. It is able, and elegant, and eloquent ; but the eloquence is of a kind not to make a. Et.42.] corre«pondence. 898 .eep impression on the gross materials to which it is addressed, t shows that its author believes their situation critical, and the [anger imminent. It was, perhaps, incompatible with the rela- ion of the addressers, as a minority, to employ the instrument f denunciation, and yet I am persuaded, no procedure of this ind can be effectual without it. Under the present circumstances, is it expedient that this ubject should be undertaken by the Senate ? The delays in the military department are as unaccountable as hey are injurious. Immediately after receiving your letter, I ailed on the Secretary at War ; he told me that the delay had originated principally from a disappointment in obtaining cloth- Qg, — that the contracts had failed. I replied that if such was he case, that by an immediate employment of all the tailors in he great towns, clothes might be procured faster than they vould be wanted by the recruits ; that this was the season to enlist; that it would soon be passed; and that if this opportunity vas neglected, no one could foresee the evil consequences which night result. It would give encouragement to all those who lad already erected the standard of opposition. It would dis- learten the friends of the government, and render the govern- nent itself unpopular. He said that the business of enlistment would be put under fOVLT immediate direction ; that the orders for that purpose were n forwardness, and would that day be completed, and submitted o the President for his approbation ; and that the next day they rould be forwarded to you by the mail. Before this time, there- ore, you have them ; but if they are not impracticable, I shall ye agreeably disappointed. Is there no remedy for this evil ? JVill it be possible to get on in a state of war or insurrection ? I need not say I write to you in the most perfect confidence. [ lajBt evening called to pay my respects to the President. He xras alone, and, as I hoped, soon introduced the subject of our nilitary. I gave him my view of the subject, and somewhat at arge. He replied, and nearly in the following words : — " As to he Virginians, sir, it is weakness to apprehend any thing from hem ; but, if you must have an army, I will give it to you ; but, 394 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [iET.42. remember, it will make the government more unpopular than all their other acts. They have submitted with more patience than any people ever did to the burden of taxes, which has been UheraUy laid on, but their patience will not last always." This was the text on which he dilated extensively. I cannot say that I was astonished. Astonishment is a sentiment which he has for some time lost the power to excite. During the time that I was with him, the bill before the Senate for the organization of the army was mentioned. He asked me what additional authority it was proposed to give the commander-in-chief? I answered none ; that all that was pro- posed was to give him a new title — ^that of general. " What," said he, " are you going to appoint him general over the Pread- dent? I have not been so blind but I have seen a combined effort among those who call themselves the friends of govern- ment, to annihilate the essential powers given to the President. This, sir, (raising his voice,) my understanding has perceived, and my heart felt." After an expression of surprise, and a declara- tion of belief that he was mistaken, with all humility I prayed him to mention the facts from which he had made this inference* He answered, that if I had not seen it, it was improper for hinm to go into the detail. This shows that we are afflicted with an evil for which cer- tainly no complete remedy can be applied ; but it might be pal— liated, perhaps, by bringing into the administration a man o^ talents, and of that peculiar kind which gives an ascendency without its being perceived. This never was in any country^ more important. Nor if the right character could be found, is^ it an object unattainable? With all his good qualities, however^pi our friend C ^n is not the man. In official details and execu^ — tion, he has perhaps no superior ; but in the other, and mor^ essential characteristic, to my mind, he is wholly deficient. BuM can a vacancy be made ? While I have been continuing writings amidst the chit-chat of senatorial debate, the mail is closed — Will you permit me to close this without revision? I hav^ written I know not what, but I hope it is intelligible. This I d^ know, that I am Yours sincerely, &a jet.43.] correspondence. 895 HAMILTON TO PICKERING. Nbw-Yori, Feb. 9, 1799. Dear Sir: I am this moiflent favored with your letter of the 9th iostant. I shall immediately reflect on the most important point, and to- morrow give you the result. The provision in the law is ample. But in this, my dear sir, as in every thing else, we must unite caution with decision. The United States must not be committed on the independence of St. Domingo. No guaranty — ijp formal treaty — nothing that can rise up in judgment. It will be enough to let Touissant be as- sured verbally, but explicitly, that upon his declaration of inde- pendence a commercial intercourse will be opened, and continue while he maintains it, and gives due protection to our vessels and property. I incline to think the declaration of independ- ence ought to precede. HAMILTON TO WASHINGTON. (private.) New-Tore, February 16, 1799. Ii:BAR Sir: Different reasons have conspired to prevent my writing to you since my return to New- York — ^the multiplicity of my avo- ^^^tions, an imperfect state of health, and the want of something ^^Xaterial to communicate. The official letter herewith transmitted, will inform you of le disposition of our military affairs which has been recently lopted by the department of war. There shall be no want of ^^^ertion on my part to promote the branches of the service con- ftcied to my care. But I more and more discover cause to apprehend that obsta- 396 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [iEx. 42. cles of a very peculiar kind stand in the way of an efficient and successful management of our military concerns. These it would be unsafe at present to explain. It may be useful that I should be able to write to you here- after some confidential matters relating to our administration without the mention of names — when this happens, I shall desig- nate the President as X, the Secretary of State by V, of the Treasury by I, and of the Department of War by C. Every thing in the northern quarter, as far as I can learn, continues favorable to the Government. Very afifectionately and truly, I remain, &c. SEDGWICK TO HAMILTON. Philadelpbu, February 19, 1799. My Dear Sir: The President, yesterday, sent the Senate a nomination o^ Mr. Murray to be appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to th^ French Eepublic ; accompanied by a letter from Talleyrand the Secretary of the French legation at Amsterdam. By letter it appears that for some time communications have made to Mr. Murray of the friendly dispositions of the Frenck^ government towards this country, and it contains assurances that^ any minister from America will be received and treated with thc^ respect due to the representative of a great^ powerful^ and independ — ' ent jwiion. I have neither time nor inclination to detail all th^^ false and insidious declarations it contains. This measure, im- portant and mischievous as it is, was the result of Presidential^ wisdom, without the knowledge of, or any intimation to any on^^" of the administration. Had the foulest heart and the ablest h< in the world have been permitted to select the most embai ing and ruinous measure, perhaps it would have been precise] the one which has been adopted. In the dilemma to which are reduced, whether we approve or reject the nomination, ev: ^T.42.] CORRESPONDENCE. 89Y only, certain, great, but in extent incalculable, present them- selves. This would be true was Mr. Murray the ablest negotiator in Christendom ; but with all his virtues, he is feeble, unguarded, credulous, and unimpressive. I have not yet decided tdti- mately what I shall do. At present the nomination must be postponed. I am much obliged to you for the copy you sent me of the Bcport. It is excellent. I have made the best use of it in my power. I am, with sincerity, your friend. HAMILTON TO SEDGWICK. New-York, February 21, 1799. The Step announced in your letter just received, in all its circumstances, would astonish, if any thing from that quarter oould astonish. But as it has happened, my present impression is, that the measure must go into effect with the additional idea of a Com- mission of Three. The mode must be accommodated with the President. Murray is certainly not strong enough for so immensely important a mission. Yours truly, A. H. I will write to-morrow if my impression varies. 308 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [iEr. 4S. PICKERING TO HAMILTOK". « t Pbiladelphu, February aOj, 1799. Dear Sir: Since I wrote you on the 9th, (which you acknowledge in a short letter, promising further communications,) Dr. Stevens hafl been appointed Consul-General of St. Domingo, and will proba- bly embark before the close of next week. If you have written further to me in answer to my letter of the 9th, the letter has miscarried, for I have received nothing. I must frame Dr. Stevens's instructions in a few days, and wish to furnish him with ideas on the point I stated. This cannot be done officially^ but he will know how to use it. PICKERING TO HAMILTON. (confidential.) Philadelphia, FclHuary 26th, 1799. My Dear Sir: This morning I have received your fevor of the 21st. Wi have all been shocked and grieved at the nomination of a min ister to negotiate with France. There is but one sentiment o the subject among the friends of their country and the real su porters of the President's administration. Pains have been to ameliorate the measure by throwing it into a commiasion. Bu the President is fixed. The Senate must approve or negative th nomination. In the latter event, perhaps he will name co sioners. I beg you to be assured, that it is wholly his own od^ without any participation or communication with any of ufl. I is utterly inconsistent with his late nominations of Mr. Eling negotiate a commercial treaty with Bussia, and of Mr. Smith negotiate a like treaty with the Porte. Both these objects wi now be defeated. It was by the proffesred aid of Bussia and Grea ALT. 42.] CORRESPONDENCE. 399 Britain, that we were induced to propose to negotiate with the Porte. With respect to St. Domingo, the President will certainly do no act to encourage Touissaint to declare the island independ- ent ; but he will doubtless open the commercial intercourse, when Dr. Stevens (Consul-General) shall certify that privateering is at an end ; so that, agreeably to the 4th section of the act, the Pres- ident may consider it safe and for the interest of the United States to do it. The foundation of this fatal nomination of Mr. Murray was laid in the President's speech at the opening of Congress. He peremptorily determined (against our unanimous opinions) to \ leave open the door for the degrading and mischievous measure. of sending another minister to France, even without waiting for direct overtures from her. SEDGWICK TO HAMILTON. Philadblpbia, February 25th, 1799. Dbar Sir: The committee to whom was referred the President's message nominating Mr. Murray, had a free conversation with him on Saturday evening, under the protestation that it should not be mentioned in the report, nor considered as a precedent. During tiiie conversation he declared repeatedly, that to defend the exec- utive against oligarchic influence, it was indispensable that he should insist on a decision on the nomination ; and he added : " I have, on mature reflection, made up my mind, and I will ^either withdraw nor modify the nomination." He was, how- ®ver, pleased to let us know, that if Murray was negatived, he Would then propose a commission, two of the members of which should be gentlemen within the United States ; that the com- ^J^^ifision should be joint ; but that by instructions, any two should ^ authorized to act, and that in no case should the gentlemen be permitted to leave the country until the positive assurances men- 400 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [^t.42. tioned in his message of the 21st June shall have been given. In consequence of these declarations, at a meeting of the federal members, it was agreed to reject the nomination. I had already framed a report, and was ready to make it, when I was privately informed that he wished I would postpone the report, as he was preparing a message on the subject. That is this moment delivered — is on the principles he had mentioned, and the persons named are the Chief Justice, Patrick Henry, and Mr. Murray. This is every thing which, under the circumstances, could be done. I have written the above during debate ; I hope it is intelligible. General Hamilton. WASHINGTON TO HAMILTON. (private.) Mount Vernon, Feb. 25, 1799. My Dear Sir: Your private letter of the 16th inst., came duly to hand, and safe ; and I wish you at all times, and upon all occasions, to com-' municate interesting occurrences, with your opinions thereon (ii»- the manner you have designated), with the utmost unreserved-^ ness to me. If the augmented force was not intended as an in terrorem^ measure, the delay in recruiting it is unaccountable, and baffles^ all conjecture on reasonable grounds. The zeal and enthusiasm, which were excited by the publication of the dispatches from our' commissioners at Paris (which gave birth to the law authorizing the raising of twelve regiments, &c.) are evaporated — ^and if thi^ dull season, when men are idle from want of employment, an( from that cause might be induced to enlist, is si:dOrered to away also, we shall, by and by, when the business of agriculture^ and other avocations call for the labor of them, set out as a for — lorn hope to execute this business. Had the formation of the army followed closely the iET.43.] CORRESPONDENCE. 401 of this act, and recniiting orders had trod on the heels of that, the men which might have been raised at that time, would, in point of numbers, have been equal to any in the world ; inas- much as the most reputable yeomanry of the country were ready to have stepped forward with alacrity. Now the measure is not only viewed with indifference, but deemed unnecessary by that class of people whose attentions being turned to other matters, the officers who, in August and September, could, with ease, have enlisted whole companies of them, will find it difficult to recruit any ; and if this idle and dissipated season is spent in inactivity, none but the riff-raff of the country and the scape-gallowses of the large cities will be to be had. Far removed from the scene, I might ascribe these delays to wrong causes, and therefore will hazard no opinion respecting them; but I have no hesitation in pironouncing that, unless a material change takes place, our military theatre affords but a gloomy prospect to those who are to perform the principal parts in the drama. Sincerely and affectionately, I am always yours, Geo. Washington. WASHINGTON TO HAMILTON. (private.) ■ Mount Vernon, Feb. 26, 1799. 4^7 Dear Sib: I received your letter of the 18th inst. yesterday. You refer tie to inclosed letters for information on the subject therein men- ioned. One letter only came, and that under a seal to General Ijee, which I shall forward, unopened, to-morrow by my nephew, Idr. Bushrod Washington, who is a neighbor of his. Having written to you yesterday both an official and private F 26 402 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [iEx. 42. letter, I have only to add in this, that with sincere esteem and aflFectionate regard, I am, my dear Sir, always yours, Geo. Washington. General Hamilton. KING TO HAMILTON. London, March 4, 17d9. Our opinions do not differ upon a very important subject that has more than once been mentioned in our correspondence. I am entirely ignorant of the sentiments of the President, though I have again and again treated of it, and sometimes with earnest- ness, in my dispatches. This silence gives me some inquietude. Mr. G, will send you the reflections that have occurred to him^ and will also explain the motives for putting them into your hands. I cannot at this distance decide upon the expediency of publishing these reflections, but I am much inclined to recom- mend it, as all our conjectures, explained and confirmed by every thing we see, enjoin uppn us to look for safety only in our own courage and upon our own continent. With perfect regard and attachment, &c. HAMILTON TO KNOX. New-York, March 14, 1799. My Dear Sir : The inclosed letters, as I concluded from others which ac- — companied them, have been a long time getting to hand. Ther^^ was a moment when their object seemed to present itself as on not entirely chimerical ; but the probability has diminished, however a thing on which the mind may still speculate as in thi .£t.4S.] correspondence. 403 chapter of extraordinary events whicli characterize the present wonderful epoch. My judgment tells me I ought to be silent on a certain sub- ject; but my heart advises otherwise, and my heart has always been the master of my judgment Believe me I have felt much pain at the idea, that any circumstance personal to me should have deprived the public of your services or occasioned to you the smallest dissatisfaction. Be persuaded, also, that the views of others, not my own, have given shape to what has taken place — and that there has been a serious struggle between my respect and attachment for you and the impression of duty. This sounds, I know, like aflfectation, but it is nevertheless the truth. In a case in which such great public interests were concerned, it seemed to me the dictate of reason and propriety, not to exercise an opinion of my own, but to leave that of others, who could in- fluence the issue, to take a free course. In saying this much, my only motive is to preserve, if I may, a claim on your friendly disposition towards me, and to give you some evidence that my regard for you is unabated. Adieu, my dear Sir. Very much yours. ST. CLAIR TO HAMILTON. CtNciifNATi, March 14th, 1799. t^KAR Sir: Under the same cover with this I have taken the liberty to ^^close to you some observations of mine on a letter from George Nicholas, of Kentucky, to his friend in Virginia. You will per- ^ieive that I have treated you very familiarly, but I am under no Apprehension that the purpose will be mistaken. It was a morti- ^cation that I could not get them out in proper time, when I had klie vanity to suppose they might have done some good further abroad than Kentucky. The severity of the winter, which dis- c^ppointed the printer in paper, was the cause. It will not now 404 HAMILTON'S WORKS. [JBft.41, miss entirely of effect in the country for which it was chiefly intended. Be that as it may, it has afforded me an opportunity, which I embrace with great pleasure, of assuring you of the great r^gaid with which I ever am. Dear Sir, &c. VAN BENSSELAER TO HAMILTON. Albany, March 16th, 1^99. Dear Sir: The Assembly have a bill for electing electors of President and Vice-President. It will pass. Are you of opinion that it would be proper for the Senate to concur? Unless New- York gives us a different representation, the Federalists are lost. — Whether we have any object now since the late conduct of the President, you are a better judge than we. K it is, however, necessary, that we should still persevere, pray let me hear firom you. Our friends are extremely pressing that I should write to you on this subject. Mr. Sedgwick called on me for papers which you was to transmit to my care. , Yours affectionately, Stephen Yak Bensselaer. HAMILTON TO WOLCOTT. New-Tork, March 2l8t» 1799. |
github_open_source_100_1_554 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | gem 'activesupport'
gem 'rspec-rails'
|
github_open_source_100_1_555 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import { EventEmitter } from "@angular/core";
export declare type DropdownAutoCloseType = "itemClick" | "outsideClick" | "disabled";
export declare const DropdownAutoCloseType: {
ItemClick: import("../../../../../../../dist/public_api").DropdownAutoCloseType;
OutsideClick: import("../../../../../../../dist/public_api").DropdownAutoCloseType;
Disabled: import("../../../../../../../dist/public_api").DropdownAutoCloseType;
};
export declare class DropdownService {
isOpen: boolean;
isAnimating: boolean;
isOpenChange: EventEmitter<boolean>;
isDisabled: boolean;
autoCloseMode: DropdownAutoCloseType;
parent?: DropdownService;
children: DropdownService[];
readonly isNested: boolean;
constructor(autoCloseMode?: DropdownAutoCloseType);
setOpenState(isOpen: boolean, reflectInParent?: boolean): void;
setDisabledState(isDisabled: boolean): void;
toggleOpenState(): void;
registerChild(child: DropdownService): void;
isChildRegistered(child: DropdownService): boolean;
clearChildren(): void;
private delay;
}
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github_open_source_100_1_556 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import React from 'react';
import { render } from 'react-testing-library';
import ChangeText from '../ChangeText';
describe('ChangeText', () => {
test('text is correct for a positive change', () => {
const { getByText } = render(
<span>
<ChangeText description="16/17" units="ppt" value={10} />
</span>,
);
expect(getByText('\u2BC5 +10ppt higher than 16/17')).toBeDefined();
});
test('text is correct for a negative change', () => {
const { getByText } = render(
<span>
<ChangeText description="16/17" units="ppt" value={-20} />
</span>,
);
expect(getByText('\u2BC6 -20ppt lower than 16/17')).toBeDefined();
});
});
|
78514_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Muckendorf-Wipfing ie n chemun de l'Austria tl raion Tulln dl stat federel Austria Bassa. Ai ovel na populazion de sun na spersa de km².
Geografia
Storia
Referënzes
Chemun de l'Austria Bassa
Chemun de l'Austria.
|
V74MDYZRB64IYZ7NI2O63PTZC2EYSELL_1 | German-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | „ 2 Deutscher Reichsanzeiger Preußisch - an jedem Wochentag abends. Bezugspreis vierteljährlich 9 M, Alle Postanstalten nehmen Bestellungen an, in Berlin für Selbstabholer auch die Geschäftsstelle SW. 48, Wilhelmstraße 32. Einzelne Nummern kosten 30 6%, einzelne Beilagen kosten 10 M. Sie werden nur gegen Bar oder vorherige Einreichen des Betrags einschließlich des Portos abgegeben. 2. Anzeigenpreis für den Raum einer fünfgespaltenen Petitzeile 1,05 M, einer Einheitszeile 1,75 M. Anzeigen nimmt an die Geschäftsstelle Berlin W. 48, Wilhelmstraße 32. Alle Druckaufträge sind auf einsseitig beschriebenem Papier völlig druckreif einzusenden, insbesondere ist darin auch anzugeben, welche Werke etwa durch Sperr-Druck (einmal unterstrichen) oder durch Sperr-Druck (zweimal unterstrichen) hervorgehoben werden sollen. Befristete Anzeigen müssen 3 Tage vor dem Einrückungstermin bei der Geschäftsstelle eingegangen sein. Fernsprecher: F 5 Bergmann 7573. „ Reichsbankgirokonto. Inhalt des amtlichen Teiles: Deutsches Reich. Aufhebung des Verbots eines Filmstreifens. Preußen. Ernennungen und sonstige Personalveränderungen. Bekanntmachung der nach Vorreibung des Gesetzes vom 10. April 1872 in den Regierungsamtsblättern veröffentlichten Erlasse Urkunden usw. Amtliches. Deutsches Reich. Aufhebung des Verbots eines Bildstreifens. Der lt. Bekanntmachungen im Deutschen Reichs- und Preußischen Staatsanzeiger Nr. 234 vom 6. 10. 1927, Nr. 243 vom 17. 10. 1927, Nr. 245 vom 19. 10. 1927, Nr. 262 vom 8. 11. 1927 und Nr. 5 vom 6. 1. 1928 verbotene Bildstreifen „Die Todesflieger von San Francisco“, Prüfungsnord-Film G. m. b. H., Hamburg; Urheberfirma: F. B. O. Corp. New York, ist auf Grund des § 7 des Reichslichtspielgesetzes durch Entscheidung der Filmprüfstelle Berlin vom 19. Februar 1928 unter Prüfnummer 18 332 mit dem gleichen Haupttitel, 6 Akte = 1581 m im Deutschen Reich, jedoch nicht TTT. Berlin, den 3. März 1928. Der Leiter der Filmprüfstelle Berlin. Mildner zur öffentlichen Vorführung vor Jugendlichen, zugelassen Preußen. Finanzministerium. Die Rentmeistelle bei der tagtlichen Kreiskasse in Oppeln, Regierungsbezirk Oppeln ist zu besetzen. Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Domänen und Forsten. Die Oberförsterstelle Carlsberg im Regierungsbezirk Breslau ist zum 1. April 1928 zu besetzen. Bewerbungen müssen bis zum 20. März 1928 eingehen. Die Forstrentmeisterei bei der Forstkaasse in Kupp (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln) ist zu besetzen. Bis zum 24. März 1928 eingehen. Bekanntmachung. Nach Vorübung des Gesetzes vom 10. April 1872 (Gesetzessammlung S. 357 sind bekanntgemacht: 1. der Erlaß des Preußischen Staatsministeriums vom 13. Januar 1928 über die Genehmigung eines Nachtrags zu den regulären Bestimmungen des Kurländischen Rittergutskreditinstituts durch das Amtsblatt der Regierung in Potsdam Nr. 7 S. 38, ausgegeben am 18. Februar 1928; 2. der Erlaß des Preußischen Staatsministeriums vom 27. Januar 1928 über die Verleihung des Enteignungerechts an den Entwicklungsverband Norden in Norden für die Abschließung des Norder Außentiefs mittels eines Deiches und zum Ausbau dieses Außentiefs sowie zur Herstellung der erforderlichen Binnenentwicklungsanlagen und Zuwegungen im Kreis Norden durch das Amtsblatt der Regierung in Aurich Nr. 7 S. 23, ausgegeben am 18. Februar 1928; 3. der Erlaß des Preußischen Staatsministeriums vom 3. Februar 1928 über die Verleihung des Enteignungsrechts an das Rheinisches Westfälische Elektrizitätswerk, Aktiengesellschaft in Essen (Ruhr), für den Bau einer Hochspannungsleitung von der Schaltstation Letmathe zu den Kraftwerken bei Hengstenberg-Herdecke durch das Amtsblatt der Regierung in Arnsberg Nr. 7 S. 27, ausgegeben am 18. Februar 1928. Nichtamtliches. Deutsches Reich. Der Reichsrat hält Donnerstag, den 8. März 1928, 5 Uhr nachmittags, im Reichstagsgebäude einer Vollsitzung. Der Königlich großbritannische Botschafter Sir Lindsay hat Berlin verlassen. Während seiner Abwesenheit führt Botschaftsrat Nicolai die Geschäfte der Botschaft. Kontoinformationen: 16 752, 16 888, 17 000 und 17 608, Antragsteller: Gewerbeungen Wohnung vor. 2. der Erlaß des Preußischen Staatsministeriums vom 27. Januar 1928 Berlin, Dienstag, den 6. März, abends. Postchequekonto: Berlin 41821. 1. August 1928 Deutscher Reichstag. 392. Sitzung vom 3. März 1928. Nachtrag. Die Rede, die der Reichswirtschaftsminister Dr. Curtius zu Beginn der 2. Beratung des Etats seines Ministeriums gehalten hat, lautet nach dem vorliegenden Stenogramm, wie folgt: "Meine Damen und Herren! Am 1. Dezember 1927 haben wir im Plenum eine Aussprache über die allgemeine Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitik der Reichsregierung gehabt. Fünf Wochen vorher haben im erweiterten Haushaltsausschuss des Reichsfinanzministeriums, dem Reichswirtschaftsminister und dem Reichsbankpräsidenten über die Wirtschafts-, Finanz- und Kreditpolitik Auskunft erteilt. Bei der Beratung des Etats des Reichswirtschaftsministeriums sind, entgegen dem ursprünglichen Plan, auch die allgemeinen Richtlinien der Wirtschaftspolitik der Reichsregierung Gegenstand der Beratung geworden. Ich glaube, unter diesen Umständen meine Etatsrede nicht in den Rahmen der allgemeinen Wirtschaftspolitik der Reichsregierung zu stellen zu brauchen. Ich möchte mich auf den Kreis meines eigenen Amtes beschränken. Das Reichswirtschaftsministerium hat einen Bericht über seine Tätigkeit im vergangenen Etatsjahr dem Haushaltsausschuss vorgelegt. Indem ich mich im allgemeinen darauf beziehe, möchte ich einleitend einige aktuelle Fragen erörtern und diese in größere Zusammenhänge eingliedern. Es liegt mir daran, einige Hauptlinien meiner Amtsführung aufzuzeigen. Als ich mein Amt im Januar 1926 antrat, war es mir verlangt, als erste Amtshandlung einen 100-Millionen-Kredit an die Reichsbahn zu erwirken. Damals hatte die Depression ihren Tiefpunkt erreicht. Es galt, der Wirtschaft über den toten Punkt hinwegzuhelfen und das Heer der Arbeitslosen wieder an die Arbeit, zum Verdienst zu bringen. Dieser 100-Millionen-Kredit an die Reichsbahn war der erste Griff zur Wiederankurbelung der Wirtschaft. Es folgten Steuererleichterungen und Kredit-Hilfen, später auch das Arbeitsbeschaffungsprogramm, dessen Ursprungen auf Verhandlungen mit den Gewerkschaften im Ministerium zurückgehen. Zu gleicher Zeit haben wir Maßnahmen der Exportförderung in Angriff genommen, Export-Kreditversicherung, die bekannten 300-Millionen-Kredite für Lieferungen nach Russland, Reichsgarantie für diese Zwecke und für zusätzliche Exporte nach anderen Richtungen hin. Die Wirkungen dieser Staatshilfe in der Depression werden sich nie-mals ziffernmäßig berechnen oder abschätzen lassen, insbesondere auch deshalb nicht, weil gleichzeitig der englische Bergarbeiter-Streik einsetzte, der die deutsche Wirtschaft ungleich größer als diese Staatshilfe beeinflusst hat. Ich werde aber wohl geltend machen dürfen, dass die damalige Konjunkturpolitik der Reichsregierung richtig war. Als im Etatsjahr 1927 hat unsere Konjunkturpolitik andere Wege einzuschlagen müssen. Es war frühzeitig zu erkennen, dass die Konjunktur im Tempo und in Richtung rasch aufwärts stieg. Infolgedessen musste die Staatstätigkeit zum Auftrieb der Wirtschaft zurückgehalten werden. Die Vergebung von Aufträgen der öffentlichen Hand hat bekanntlich starke Wirkungen auf die Privatwirtschaft; ihr Umfang und die Zusammenfassung der Vergebung der Aufträge in einzelne Hände hat damit aber auch einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf Schwankungen des Beschäftigungsgrades. Im Frühjahr 1927 erwuchs uns daher die Aufgabe, die Vergebungen der öffentlichen Hand mit Rücksicht auf die bereits starke ansteigende Konjunktur abzudroßen. Die Bestrebungen des Reichswirtschaftsministeriums und des Reichsarbeitsministeriums, die nach dieser Richtung hinzielten, hatten aber keinen durchschlagenden Erfolg, weil sich herausstellte, dass unser gesamtes Verwaltungssystem wie auch unser Etatsrecht nicht elastisch genug sind, um bei den Vergebungen der öffentlichen Hand den Konjunkturschwankungen folgen zu können. Ich habe daher dieses Problem rationeller Konjunkturpolitik der öffentlichen Hand inzwischen einmal grundlegend anpacken lassen und im Zusammenwirken mit dem Reichswirtschaftsrat, in welchem ähnliche Bestrebungen sich geltend machten, Untersuchungen veranlasst. Die Untersuchung ist nach zahlreichen Vernehmungen, die veranlasst worden sind, inzwischen zum Abschluss gebracht worden. Der Reichswirtschaftsrat hat ein vorläufiges Gutachten erstattet, das hoffentlich binnen kurzem veröffentlicht werden kann. Ich glaube, daß wir einen guten Schritt weiterkommen auf dem Wege zu dem Ziel, das ich in der Denkschrift für den Reichswirtschaftsrat folgendermaßen gekennzeichnet habe: „Die Aufgabe ist, den Zeitpunkt für die Ausführung derjenigen öffentlichen Arbeiten, für deren Erledigung ohnehin ein Bedürfnis hervorgetreten ist, so zu wählen, daß er sich der Lage der Wirtschaft am besten anpasst. In einer Konjunkturperiode, in der die Nachfrage nach Gütern das Angebot übertrifft, sind also öffentliche Arbeiten nach Möglichkeit zurückzustellen, damit ein Wettbewerb der öffentlichen Hand mit der privaten Wirtschaft in der Beanspruchung von Arbeitskräften und Produktionsapparat vermieden wird, damit das Tempo des Konjunkturaufstiegs gemindert und der Zeitpunkt des Konjunkturniedergangs hinausgeschoben wird. In Depressionen soll andererseits durch eine konzentrierte Vergabe der öffentlichen Aufträge die Depression abgeschwächt und der gesamten Wirtschaft ein neuer Antrieb gegeben werden. Das Ziel dieser Politik besteht nach dem darin, den Umfang der öffentlichen Aufträge jeweils im umgekehrten Verhältnis zu dem Umfang der privaten Aufträge zu halten. In ähnlicher Weise wie die Konjunkturbewegungen sollen auch die durch die Saisonverhältnisse bedingten Schwankungen im Beschäftigungsgrad der Wirtschaft bei der Erteilung der öffentlichen Aufträge berücksichtigt werden. Das wird sich besonders für die Arbeiten durchführen lassen, denen weniger die besonderen technischen Bedingungen als die allmähliche Gewöhnung der Auftraggeber den Saisoncharakter aufgeprägt haben. Nach den in den letzten Jahren wiederholt aus den Kreisen der Gewerbetreibenden erhobenen Klagen scheint dieser Fall nicht ganz selten zu sein.“ Der Rücksicht auf Dämpfung allzu stürmischer Entwicklung entgegen, ferner meine Bestrebungen, die Preisbewegung und den Auftrieb der Selbstkosten in Grenzen zu halten, Maßnahmen, die natürlich auch durch die besondere Lage der betroffenen Produktionszweige begründet waren. Das Preisniveau in Deutschland ist vom Export aus gesehen unzweifelhaft ungeheuer hoch. Es ist dringend erforderlich, durch Senkung der Selbstkosten und stärkere Entlastung der Wirtschaft dafür zu sorgen, daß wir den Anschluß an den europäischen Markt und die Weltwirtschaft nicht nur aufrechterhalten, sondern noch weiter ausbauen können. (Sehr richtig! rechts.) Wir dürfen nicht etwa darauf spekulieren, dass uns die Lage des Auslandsmarktes bei unseren Bestrebungen entgegenkommen wird. Immerhin, ebenso wenig wie zur Zeit unserer Dezemberaussprache ist heute ein Grund zu einer besonderen Alarmierung wegen der Preisbewegung gegeben. Reichs- und Staatsanzeiger Nr. 56 vom 6. März 1928. S. 2. 8 aller Stellen zu sparsamer Finanz- und Anleihepolitik zu befreundigen Ergebnissen zu führen. Auch die Kartellpolitik steht im Dienst der Konjunkturpolitik. Die Kartelle selbst wirken marktregulierend und Krisenmildernd. Gerade deshalb aber haben wir dafür zu sorgen, dass sie von diesem Wege nicht abirren. Ich habe wie in den vergangenen Jahren gesucht, mit den vorhandenen Machtmitteln die Kartellpolitik der Beschränkung von Auswüchsen fortzusetzen. Mit dem hohen Haus bin ich nach wiederholten Aussprachen darin einig, dass die Kartellverordnung einer Abänderung bedarf, andererseits aber, dass der Zeitpunkt für eine grundlegende Neugestaltung noch nicht gekommen ist. Dass wir die Ergebnisse der Enquete abwarten wollen. Ich füge hinzu, dass wir nun wohl auch warten müssen, bis die Beratungen des Jurientages vorliegen, der in dankenswerter Weise in diesem Herbst das Kartellproblem auf seine Tagesordnung gesetzt hat. Zusammenfällt. In der Schweizer Zeit, Ser in der See hat eine sehr lebhafte öffentliche Diskussion über kartellpolitische Grundsätze eingelegt. Ich begrüße diese Diskussion, füge aber hinzu, dass bei dauernder Weise in dieser Diskussion auch Entgleisungen vorgekommen sind, denen entgegenzutreten ich Veranlassung habe. Es haben sich Legenden und Meinungen über parteiliche Besetzung des Kartellgerichts und eine grundlegend kartellfeindliche Rechtssprechung gebildet, zu deren Träger sich bedauerlicherweise Professor Flechtheim im Januarheft der Kartellrundschau gemacht hat, ohne sich andererseits Tatsachen und Beweise anzuführen. Hört! bei den Sozialdemokraten. Er selbst fürchtet für die Unabhängigkeit des Kartellgerichts, weil, wie er ausführt, das ganze Verfahren überhaupt nicht gesetzlich geordnet ist, sondern ohne Mitwirkung des Parlaments von dem zuständigen Minister geregelt wird. Das Verfahren vor dem Kartellgericht ist genau das gleiche wie das gesetzlich geregelte Verfahren vor dem Reichswirtschaftsgericht. Desse gesetzliches Verfahren ist durch eine Verordnung des Reichswirtschaftsministers vom November 1923 auf das Kartellgericht übertragen. An diese Verordnung ist bisher nichts geändert und wird auch in Zukunft nichts geändert werden. Zu irgendwelcher Befürchtung hinsichtlich unzulässiger Einflüsse des Reichswirtschaftsministeriums in das Verfahren vor dem Kartellgericht ist keinerlei Veranlassung. Professor Flechtheim fragt in diesem Zusammenhang, ob es nicht nützlich wäre, wenn einmal von amtlicher Seite mitgeteilt würde, wie sich in der Praxis der Verkehr zwischen Reichswirtschaftsministerium und Kartellgericht abwickelt. Die Antwort ist leicht: Der Verkehr wird sich einmal so abwickeln, wie er seitens der Spitzenverbände der Wirtschaft selbst für das Verfahren vor deren Einigungsstellen für die Beteiligung des Reichswirtschaftsministeriums vorgesehen war. Soweit ferners dem Kartellgericht bekannt wird, dass in einem dort anhängigen Verfahren bereits Untersuchungen des Reichswirtschaftsministeriums veranstaltet sind, pflegt das Kartellgericht das Reichswirtschaftsministerium um eine Übermittlung der Akten und um Darlegung des Tatbestandes zu ersuchen. Diesem Ersuchen wird stattgegeben. Bekannt ist, dass auf der anderen Seite das Wirtschaftsministerium gehörig vom Vorsitzenden des Kartellgerichts oder vom Kartellgericht selbst Gutachten erbeten und auch erhalten hat. Das ist das ganze Verfahren, das sich zwischen dem Kartellgericht und dem Reichswirtschaftsministerium seit 35 Jahren in aller Offentlichkeit abspielt, und das nur das sachlich Notwendige in sich lässt. Teil der Kritiken enthält auch Behauptungen wie die, dass das Kartellgericht ein Standengericht, ein Ausnahmegericht sei, dass sich grundlegend gegen Großhandelsverbände wende. Gegen diese Unterstellungen hat der Vorsitzende des Kartellgerichts erstmals und eingehend im Dezember des vergangenen Jahres in der "Kartell-Rundschau" Stellung genommen. Ich brauche seinen Ausführungen sachlich nichts hinzuzufügen. Ich bedauere nur, dass man sich in der Kritik so weit hat hinreißen lassen. Einer dritten Legende glaube ich in diesem Zusammenhang einmal etwas eingehender entgegentreten zu müssen. Hoffentlich kann ich sie bei dieser Gelegenheit ein für allemal erledigen. Es wird versteckt und offen die Behauptung ausgeprochen, das Richterkollegium beim Kartellgericht werde unter bevorzugter Heranziehung bestimmter Personen oder Personen einer bestimmten, nämlich kartellfeindlichen Richtung gebildet. Bekanntlich wird das Richterkollegium zusammengesetzt, indem der Vorsitzende des Kartellgerichts aus einer Liste die jeweiligen Laienbeisitzer beruft. Es mag gewiss schwierig sein, die geeigneten Vertreter für die einander widerstreitenden Interessen und den Vertreter für das Gemeinwohl zu finden. Takt, Erfahrung und Unparteiligkeiten des Vorsitzenden des Kartellgerichts bürgen aber dafür, dass jeweils die beste Auswahl stattfindet. Eine weitere Bürgschaft dürfte auch darin gegeben sein, dass von der 1 Möglichkeit einer Ablehnung eines der Laienrichter während der vergangenen 373 Jahre nur zweimal Gebrauch gemacht worden ist. Man hat das Setzek in das Kartellgericht mit hinein gezogen, weil man verhindern wollte, dass eine welt- und wirtschaftsfremde Rechtssprechung des Kartellgerichts entsteht, und man hat damals geglaubt, dass von dieser Ehrenpflicht auch pflichtgemäß Gebrauch gemacht würde. Wie sehen die Dinge aber in Wirklichkeit aus? Eine 3975 jährige Erfahrung hat gezeigt, dass es kaum ein einziges Mal gelingt, für einen Streitfall ein Richterkollegium zusammenzubringen, wie es der Vorsitzende des Kartellgerichts ursprünglich bestimmte hat. In zahlreichen Fällen erwies es sich als notwendig, nacheinander bis zu 15 Persönlichkeiten zur Mitwirkung aufzufordern, ehe es gelang, einen Laienbesitzer der einen oder der anderen Art hierzu bereitzufinden. Es gibt hervorragende Männer, auch als Kartellfreunde bekannte Persönlichkeiten, die fünfmal und mehr als Interessenvertreter oder als Vertreter des Gemeinwohls zur Teilnahme an den Sitzungen aufgefordert wurden und immer verhindert waren, und andere, bei denen Absagen wesentlich häufiger waren als die Erklärung der Bereitwilligkeit zur Mitarbeit. Der Nachweis ist leicht zu führen, dass gewiss bestimmte Personen, über deren häufige Zuziehung der Mitarbeit beim Kartellgericht man sich wunderte, wir waren darin einig, ich möchte annehmen, dass die Beendigung der Untersuchungen in der etwas später, nicht zu einer Erhöhung des Preisniveaus im Inland zurück. Es gelang im wesentlichen nicht, aufgehalten hat und hinter deren Zuziehung man schon eine Tendenz vermutete, erst als Ersatzleute angefordert worden sind, nachdem eine große Reihe anderer Herren berufen waren, aber abgesagt hatten. Es verdient daher Anerkennung und nicht Verdächtigung, dass diese Herren sich oft in letzter Stunde für das schwere Richteramt zur Verfügung gestellt haben. Ich will nicht auf die Gründe eingehen, warum die Wirtschaftskreise sich in diesem bedauerlichen Maße vom Kartellgericht abwenden. Ich will aber abschließend erklären: Sicher ist, dass nicht Tendenz, sondern nur die Not des Augenblicks und die Pflichterfüllung zu Zusammenkünften des Kartellgerichts im Einzelfall geführt haben, gegen die ein Teil der Wirtschaft glaubt, nachträglich Einwendungen erheben zu sollen. Sicher ist aber auch, dass es zu diesen Klagen und Verdächtigungen gar nicht erst gekommen wäre, wenn die qualifizierten Laienrichter, die den unzufriedenen Kreisen nahestehen oder ihnen angehören, sich williger zur Mitarbeit als Beisitzer im Kartellgericht gefunden hätten. Solange die Sache besteht, habe ich die Pflicht, diese Pflicht nötigte mich auch zu jener Maßnahme, die sogenannte „Kartellverordnung“ gegenüber der eisenforschenden Industrie. Begegnung dieser Maßnahme von Nebenmotiven absehen und nur die entscheidenden Gründe für mein Vorgehen darlegen, damit gleichzeitig auch die Interpellation der Kommunistischen Partei beantworten, die mit der Bezahlung meines Etats verbunden ist. Der Eisenpakt hat das Außenmark zu ordnen und zu heben. Die eisenforschende Industrie wollte zwar nicht darauf verzichten, aus einer allgemeinen Konjunktur ihren Nutzen zu ziehen; es war aber in den Vereinbarungen mit der Intention, dass sie sollte. Bis zu den beanstandeten Preiserhöhungen im Januar dieses Jahres hatte sich der Eisengpakt recht unbefriedigend entwickelt. Die Quote, die jeweils festgesetzt wurde, entsprach nicht den Produktionsbedürfnissen der deutschen Gruppe. Erhebliche Strafgelder waren zu zahlen, die wie eine Subvention des Auslands wirkten. Diese musste landesweit wirken. Der Export der deutschen Gruppe ging von annähernd 60 Prozent im Frühjahr 1926 auf 20 Prozent im Dezember. Das Auslandspreisniveau zu heben und Verkaufsverbände zu bilden. So machte sich allmählich eine Resignation breit, und es mehrten sich Andeutungen, die dahin gingen, dass als Ziel des Eisengpacts schließlich nur noch der Gebietsschutz des Kontingentsabkommens betrachtet werden könne. Im Januar, zur Zeit der Preiserhöhung, betrug die Spanne zwischen den Inlands- und den Auslandspreisen noch etwa 40 M. Die Sachverständigen Susat und v. d. Pforten, die ich im vergangenen Sommer gebeten hatte, mir ein Gutachten über die wirtschaftliche Lage der Eisengewerbe zu erstatten, haben mit Rücksicht auf diese Preisspanne ihren Teil wie folgt zu der Frage einer Preiserhöhung Stellung genommen: „Man wird so lange eine Preiserhöhung im Inland, auch wenn sie nach dem Verhältnis der Selbstkosten zu den Gesamtdurchschnitten Erlöse gerechtfertigt wäre, nicht gutheißen können, als die Erlöse durch Auslandsabgabe so erheblich gemindert werden. Sonst würden die inländischen Abnehmer der Eisengewerbe, die schon jetzt durch die von ihnen gezahlten Preise die Verluste des Auslandsgeschäftes zum Teil ausgleichen, dies einmal auf sich nehmen müssen.“ Eine Preiserhöhung war überhaupt nur der Machtstellung der Eisengewerbe im Inland durchführbar. Ich will nicht darüber streiten, wie viel Außensteiler vorhanden sind, auch nicht darüber, in welchem Umfang belgisches oder anderes ausländisches Eisen nach Deutschland importiert worden ist. Ich lasse es auch völlig dahingestellt, ob man wirklich von einem Monopol der Eisengewerbe sprechen kann. Keinem Zweifel unterliegt die tatsächliche Machtstellung der Deutschen Rohstahlgemeinschaft im Inland. Wenn in der Lage, wie ich sie geschildert habe, eine Preiserhöhung vorgenommen wurde, so erschien mir das als ein Abweichen von der Eisengpaktpolitik. Es schien mir darauf hinauszulaufen, das Kontingentsabkommen die Machtstellung auf dem inneren Markt auszunützen. Dazu kam noch die Methode des Vorgehens. In den Jahren 1926 und 1927 hat das Reichswirtschaftsministerium mit der Eisengewerbe so zusammengearbeitet, dass die öffentlichen, die volkswirtschaftlichen Interessen ohne jeden gesetzlichen Zwang wahrgenommen werden konnten. Ich darf hinzuɒſten, daß dieses Zusammenarbeiten geradezu vorbildlich war, daß es jedenfalls viel intimere und fruchtbringendere für die allgemeine Wirtschaftspolitik war als das Zusammenarbeiten mit vielen anderen Konzernen und Industriezweigen. Industrie hat uns laufend mit Informationen versehen, die wir sonst nicht bekommen hätten; bevor wichtige Maßnahmen ergriffen wurden, hat sie sich jedesmal mit dem Reichswirtschaftsministerium in Verbindung gesetzt und uns rechtzeitig Gelegenheit gegeben, zu den Fragen Stellung zu nehmen. Von dieser Methode ist sie leider bei der Preiserhöhung im Januar abgewichen, sie hat mich vor die unabänderliche Tatsache der Preiserhöhung gestellt. Alles das zwang mich, ein Warnungszeichen - wie ich die Anordnung vom 27. Januar 1928 im Haushaltsausschuß seinerzeit gekennzeichnet habe - aufzuziehen. Aus diesem Grund habe ich die „Kartellverordnung“ vom 27. Januar erlassen, aber gleichzeitig die Eisenfachindustrie zu weiteren Verhandlungen einzuladen. Es ist Ihnen bekannt, daß in einer Sitzung des Reichswirtschaftsministeriums über die süddeutschen Eisenverhältnisse die Eisenverarbeitende und Eisenfachindustrie mitteilen konnten, daß sie sich über die Wiederherstellung der Preisspanne zwischen Frachtbasis Oberhausen und Frachtbasis Neunkirchen geeinigt hätten, so daß jetzt wieder wie vor der Eisenpreiserhöhung im Januar zugunsten der Frachtbasis Neunkirchen ein Satz von 6 Reichsmark, nicht von 4 Reichsmark gilt. In jener Sitzung - die Öffentlichkeit hat das vielleicht noch nicht gehört oder nicht so beachtet - ist auch mitgeteilt worden, daß die Belastung durch die Erhöhung des Siemens-Martin-Aufschlages gemeinsame Eisenwirtschaftspolitik beeinflussende Maßnahmen und aufgehoben. Ich glaube, daß weitere Machtmittel nicht angedacht vorliegenden Anträge der Kommunistischen Eisenfachindustrie, daß diese Vereinbarungen grundlegend die Eisenfachversorgung die größte Bedeutung beilegt. Nach den Verhandlungen zwischen den beiden Teilen ist sich als sehr viel geringfügiger herausgestellt, als man ursprünglich angenommen hatte. In den fortgesetzten Verhandlungen habe ich diejenigen Fortschritte erreicht, die in den letzten Tagen durch die Presse mitgeteilt worden sind. Ich lege auf alle drei Punkte gleich gewichtige, darf aber wohl hervorheben, daß mir das wichtigste erscheint, daß die Eisenfachindustrie sich verpflichtet hat, in Zukunft vor der Ergreifung von wichtigen, die sich rechtzeitig mit dem Wirtschaftsministerium in Verbindung zu setzen, so daß dieses die Möglichkeit einer Stellungnahme haben wird. Das ist eine Versicherung, die uns weit größere Möglichkeiten verschafft, als die Durchführung der Anordnung auf Grund des § 3 der Kartellverordnung. Aus diesem Grund und weil auch die anderen Ergebnisse mir befriedigend erschienen, habe ich unter Anwendung von § 6 der Kartellverordnung die „Kartellverordnung“ vom 27. Januar wieder zurückgenommen gewandt zu werden brauchen. Ich bitte daher auch, die Ihnen nicht weitergehende Forderungen stellen, abzulehnen. Meine Damen und Herren! Lasst Sie bitte, den zweiten Teil meiner Ausführungen kommen. Man stellt wohl Konjunktur und Struktur einander gegenüber und kann deswegen auch wohl von einer Strukturpolitik im Gegenhalt oder Vergleich zur Konjunkturpolitik reden. Welchen Einfluss die Staatsaktivität auf die Struktur der Wirtschaft haben kann, ist Ihnen allen geläufig. Ich brauche nur an Frachtpolitik, an Handelspolitik, an Steuerpolitik zu erinnern. Bedauerlicherweise ist es bisher nicht gelungen, die ganze Tätigkeit der öffentlichen Hand darauf einstellen, dass die Wirtschaftspolitik des Wirtschaftsministeriums nicht durchkreuzt wird. Es bleibt die Aufgabe, dafür zu sorgen, dass ein besseres und reibungsloseres Zusammenarbeiten in der Zukunft gewährleistet werde. Bei der Deutschen Volkspartei. Das Wirtschaftsministerium selbst hinweise der Strukturpolitik zunächst die Pflicht, die Strukturwandlungen zu erkennen und öffentlich aufzuzeigen. Der Apparat, der für diese Erkenntnis zur Verfügung steht, ist die Statistik. Ich bitte Sie dringend, diesen Apparat nicht dadurch zu schwächen, dass Sie Positionen, die in meinem Etat eingelegt sind, streichen. Ich habe gelegentlich gehört, dass entsprechende Anträge noch beabsichtigt werden. Ich glaube, wir sollten alles tun, um diesen Instrument weiter zu verfeinern und auszubauen. Ich bitte Sie ebenso, an den recht erheblichen Beträgen festzuhalten, die für die Beendigung der Arbeiten der Enquetekommission in meinem Etat in diesem Jahre noch eingelegt werden mussten. Die Arbeiten der Enquete gehen langsam, sie gehen aber, soweit wir es beurteilen können, sicher vorwärts. Ich glaube, es ist gar nicht daran zu zweifeln, dass sie zu bedeutenden Ergebnissen führen werden. Diese Ergebnisse werden vor allen Dingen auf dem Gebiet der Strukturwandlungen der Wirtschaft liegen. Aus diesen Gründen bitte ich dringend, an den Sätzen, die wir in den Etat für die Beendigung der Enqueteaufgaben eingelegt haben, festzuhalten. Aber neben dieser Erkenntnisübermittlung hat die Wirtschaftspolitik des Wirtschaftsministeriums natürlich auch die Aufgabe, die wirtschaftlichen Grundkräfte positiv zu fördern. Das ist nun ein weites Gebiet, aus dem ich nur einige Punkte herausgreifen kann. Von größter Bedeutung für die Struktur der Wirtschaft ist ohne Zweifel die gesamte Energiewirtschaft. Die Arbeiten an der Elektrowirtschaft im Reichswirtschaftsministerium und in der Enquetekommission schreiten auch nur langsam, aber stetig fort. Ich hoffe, dass es möglich ist, bis Ende dieses Jahres Ergebnisse vorzulegen, die zu einer Gemeinschaftsarbeit aller beteiligten Faktoren an rationeller Elektrowirtschaft führen können. Für die Landwirtschaft geäußert hat. Reichsverband des Handwerks mir gegenüber erhoben hat, habe Reichs- und Staatsanzeiger Nr. 56 vom 6. März 1928. S. 3. Struktur der Wirtschaft könnte man auch mit Verfassung oder mit Organisation der Wirtschaft übersetzen. So verstanden, gehört in die Strukturpolitik auch die Organisationsgesetzgebung hinein, wie etwa das beabsichtigte Kartellgesetz oder das Gesetz über den Reichswirtschaftsrat, das zu meinem großen Bedauern mit Rückhalt auf die parlamentarisch-politische Lage nicht verabschiedet werden kann. Ich hoffe, dass die Regierung, wie immer sie zusammengesetzt sein mag, den Gesetzentwurf, der nach langen Verhandlungen und unendlichen Mühen schließlich durch eine Einigung im Reichswirtschaftsrat und im Reichstag zustande gekommen ist, in der vorliegenden Form übernehmen wird, damit er dann beschleunigt im Reichstag verabschiedet werden kann. Ich halte daran fest, dass es ein sozial, wirtschaftlich und politisch höchst bedeutungsvolles Werk ist, das vor dem Abschluss steht. Ein wichtiges Strukturgegenstand ist der Artikel 164 der Reichsverfassung, der die Reichsregierung verpflichtet, den selbständigen Mittelstand zu fördern und dafür zu sorgen, dass er vor Aufsaugung geschützt wird. Ich glaube zu sagen zu können, dass die Reichsregierung und ich diesen Verfassungspflichten stets nachgekommen sind. Ich darf Ihnen gleich das Nähere darlegen; Sie haben ja die Möglichkeit in Ihrer Kritik aufzuzeigen, in welcher Weise die Regierung ihre Pflichten vernachlässigt hat. Die Sorge vor der Aufsaugung des selbständigen Mittelstandes ist vielleicht ein wenig übertrieben gewesen. Ich weiß es nicht, ob Ihnen das Werk von Werner Sombart über den Hochkapitalismus bekannt ist und ob Sie es, wenn es Ihnen bekannt ist, bis zum zweiten Band Seite 963 durchgearbeitet haben. (Heiterkeit.) Werner Sombart stellt dort zu seinem eigenen Erstaunen fest, dass am Ende der hochkapitalistischen Periode beinahe noch die Hälfte aller Erwerbstätigen - ohne Landwirtschaft handwerksmäßig tätig sind. Nun gilt diese Feststellung allerdings nicht in vollem Umfang für deutsche Verhältnisse. Vor uns liegt jetzt die Betriebszählung des Jahres 1925, aus der sich ergibt, dass das Handwerk - dazu darf man wohl alle Betriebe bis zu zehn beschäftigten "Personen" rechnen - seit 1907 sich absolut in der Zahl der Betriebe und in der Zahl der beschäftigten Personen gehalten hat und auch heute immer noch ein Drittel aller Erwerbstätigen in Deutschland umfasst. Aber dies dürfen natürlich nicht zu Lässigkeit führen. In der besonderen Lage, in der wir uns im Hinblick auf das Notprogramm befinden, habe ich Veranlassung, Ihnen über die Fragen des Handwerks und des selbstständigen Mittelstandes einige nähere Ausführungen zu machen. Lasen Sie mich zunächst mein Bedauern darüber ausdrücken, daß es nicht möglich gewesen ist, die Handwerksnovelle noch in diesem Reichstag zu verabschieden. Sie steht im Reichsrat vor der Verabschiedung; es dürfte aber mit Rücksicht auf die parlamentarisch-politische Lage nicht möglich sein, sie auch noch hier im Reichstag zu erledigen. Sie hätte lange gehägte Wünsche des Handwerks verwirklicht: Änderungen in seiner Organisation, zum Beispiel Änderung des Wahlrechts zu den Handwerkskammern, Gleichstellung der Handwerkskammern mit den übrigen Selbstverwaltungskörpern, Einrichtung einer Handwerkerstelle und anderes mehr - Verbesserungen, auf die das Handwerk mit Recht das größte Gewicht gelegt hat und die in langwierigen Verhandlungen zwischen allen beteiligten Wirtschaftszweigen im Reichswirtschaftsrat und anderwärts vereinbart waren. Vielleicht darf ich aber auf der anderen Seite als erfreuliche Tatsache darauf hinweisen, daß es im Haushaltsausschuß möglich gewesen ist, für das Institut für deutsche Handwerkswissenschaft 100 000 Reichsmark in den Etat einzustellen und so zu erreichen, daß die drei Institute, das Forschungsinstitut in Karlsruhe, das Kulturinstitut und das Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Institut in der (Bravo!) Das Wichtigste, was ich Ihnen sagen wollte, bezieht sich auf gewisse Besorgnisse, Hannover vereinigt werden können. die der gewerbliche Mittelstand aus Anlass des Notprogramms hat, auch Vertreter der mittelständischen Kreise, hingeholt. (Bravo! bei der Deutschen Volkspartei.) Wir haben ferner dafür Sorge zu tragen, daß die für die Umschuldung in der Landwirtschaft zur Verfügung stehenden Mittel auch den Handwerkskreisen und Kleingewerbetreibenden zufallen, die in erheblichem Umfang Gläubiger der Landwirtschaft inländischen geworden sind. Soweit eine Beeinflussung des Marktes für Vieh und Fleisch in Aussicht genommen ist, wurden Befürchtungen laut, diese Regelung möchte einseitig zum Nachteil auch diese Besede Fleischer gewerbes ausschlagen. Ich glaube, Befürchtungen ist übertrieben. Es werden auch in dieser Angelegenheit Sachverständige des Gewerbes in ausreichendem Maße Gelegenheit zur Äußerung und zur Geltendmachung ihrer Bedenken und Forderungen bekommen. Das Ziel einer Verringerung der Preisspanne zwischen den Erzeuger- und Verbraucherpreisen braucht an sich keineswegs eine Schädigung des Handwerks und Kleinunternehmens zu bedeuten. (Sehr richtig! bei der Deutschen Volkspartei.) Was die Verwendung der 25 Millionen für die Rationalisierung des Genossenschaftsweens anlangt, so ist es verfrücht, schon heute darüber nähere Ausführungen zu machen. Es wird bei Einbringung und Beratung des einleitenden Gesetzentwurfs Gesetzgebung sein, darauf zurückzukommen. Ich darf schließlich noch bemerken, dass nach meiner Auffassung steuerliche Erleichterungen nicht schematisch auf die Landwirtschaftsbetriebe allein begrenzt werden dürfen; sie müssen vielmehr auch denjenigen gewerblichen Betrieben gewährt werden, deren Lage entscheidend durch die finanzielle Lage der Landwirtschaft beeinflusst wird. Ich füge ein Schlußwort hinzu. In dem erwähnten Schreiben des Reichsverbandes sind auch Bedenken über die allgemeine Haltung der Reichsregierung gegenüber den Mittelstandsfragen geäußert worden. Ich darf mich in diese Beziehung auf die wiederholten Darlegungen beziehen, die ich in großen Handwerkererversammlungen in Düsseldorf, Lüneburg und Magdeburg zukünftigen ausführgeführte Gelegenheit gegeben. Auf Vorstellungen, die der Öffentlichkeit zum Welthandel bewegt. Das Verhältnis war im Jahre 1913 13,3 Prozent. Dabei konnte ich vor allem darauf hinweisen, dass selbstverständlich in die Beiräte, die das Reichsernährungsministerium vorgelegt haben auch des Handwerks, hineingewählt werden. Ich habe mir inzwischen die Zusage des Herrn Reichsernährungsministers nach dieser Richtung zu machen Gelegenheit gehabt, bei denen ich regelmäßig zu allen "Handwerksfragen" Stellung genommen habe. Ich glaube geltend machen zu können, dass ich in all dieser Zeit Verständnis und Fürsorg (Sehr richtig! rechts.) Damit, meine Damen und Herren, lasse ich mich zum letzten Teil meiner Ausführungen, der Handelspolitik, übergehen. Tagen die Ergebnisse des Außenhandels im Monat Januar dieses Jahres zum Gegenstand einer sehr deprimierenden Kritik gemacht. In der Tat schließt diese Außenhandelsbilanz des Januar 1928 eine Steigerung der Lebensmittel-Einfuhr um fast 100 Millionen Mark und eine Verminderung der Fertigwarenausfuhr um fast 80 Millionen Mark. Ich denke nicht daran, schönfarben zu wollen, obwohl man auf besondere saisonbedingungen hinweisen könnte, Januar 1928 noch erheblich höher ist als die Ausfuhr im Januar Zusammenhänge im Auge haben. 10 Milliarden. Niemand, der für die Wirtschaftspolitik verantwortlich ist, kann derartige Zahlen leicht nehmen. Das schwierige Problem, auch reparationspolitische Problem, das sich an diese Marke trägt, vielleicht zu seiner Lösung bei, wenn man auch noch Millarden in Gegenwartswerten. Werke über Handelspolitik willkürlich drei Jahre herausgegriffen: über 1 Milliarde Mark, im ganzen auch in der Periode von 1870. Was die Einfuhr des Jahres 1927 anlangt, so ist sie um 4 Milliarden Mark höher gewesen als im Jahre 1926. Eingewirkt auf diese starke Steigerung der Einfuhr hat ohne Zweifel die sehr dürftige Ernte des Jahres 1926/27, die starke Inlandskonjunktur, selbstverständlich auch die erhebliche Aufnahme unserer Auslandsanleihen. Der Einfuhrüberschuß an Lebensmitteln allein beläuft sich im Jahre 1913, beides Gegenwartswerte, auf 2900 Millionen Mark. Ich darf aber auch darauf hinweisen, dass dieser Einfuhrüberschuß sich unter dem Einfuhrüberschuß der drei Jahre 1911 bis 1913 hält, der 2900 Millionen betrug. Die Ausfuhr des Jahres 1927 ist im Vergleich zu 1926 nur um 400 Millionen Mark gestiegen. Man muss aber berücksichtigen, dass 1926 der englische Streik sehr stark in der Richtung einer Ausfuhrsteigerung, besonders der Rohstoffe und Halbwaren, gewirkt hat. Vergleicht man 1927 mit 1925, so ergibt sich eine Steigerung um 1400 Millionen Mark. Dabei hatten wir 1925 erst zwei Drittel der Ausfuhr des Friedens erreicht. Im Jahre 1927 sind wir im Verhältnis zu 1913 doch schon wieder auf drei Viertel der Friedenszeit. Wenn man die drei Jahre 1911 bis 1913 nimmt, dann haben wir über vier Fünftel des Durchschnitts dieser Zeit erreicht. Besonders erfreulich ist, dass innerhalb der Ausfuhr drei Viertel im Jahre 1927 gestiegen ist. Schließlich sei festgestellt, in welchem Umfang sich unsere Erfolge in der Erreichung unserer Ziele sind gelungen, unsere Umsetzung im Jahre 1927 auf 10,8 Prozent des Welthandels zu bringen. Angegengenommen alle diese Feststellungen habe ich die Kühheit zu sagen, dass die Ergebnisse unserer Handelsführung sehr erfreulich sind, insbesondere wenn man alles das berücksichtigt, was wir an Schwierigkeiten in der Nachkriegszeit überwinden mussten. Ich glaube deshalb auch: wir müssen die Wege weitergehen, die wir in unserer Ausfuhrförderung bisher gegangen sind. Ich meine dabei Exportkreditversicherung, die bekannten Maßnahmen: die Garantieleistungen des Reichs, Exportkredite. Ich denke auch der Zollnomenklatur. Selbstverständlich müssen wir versuchen, unsere Handelsvertragsystem endlich zum Abschluss zu bringen. Vor wenigen Tagen aus Anlass der Beratung des Landwirtschaftsetats zur Handelspolitik geäußert worden ist, insbesondere nicht an meinem Amtskollegen Schiele Kritik üben. Ich möchte meinerseits nur zum Ausgleich und zur Aufklärung in allen diesen Fragen mitbeitragen. Vor zwei Jahren habe ich mich bei der Etatsberatung auf den Standpunkt gestellt, dass ein Industrie-Agrar-Staat, der wir nun einmal sind, sowohl den Export fördern wie den Binnenmarkt pflegen muss. Ich füge hinzu, dass eine Förderung Ziel haben, uns je länger, je mehr vom Auslande unabhängig zu machen, aber, wann wir dieses Ziel der Nahrungsfreiheit erreichen. Lasse ich auch da einmal auf Vorkriegsverhältnisse zurückgehen. Die Mehrfach-Einfuhr an pflanzlichen Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln im Jahre 1913 betrug 846 Millionen Mark. Zur Hervorbringung dieser Erzeugnisse in Deutschland wäre eine Vermehrung der Anbaufläche um 13,5 Prozent nötig gewesen. Allein für Brot, Getreide schätzte die amtliche Statistik der Vorkriegszeit den Auslandsbezug auf 13 Prozent. Im Krieg rechnete man, dass etwa ich darf daher einen Blick auf die ganze Handelsbilanz des Jahres 1927 werfen. Sie ist mit 3,9 Milliarden passiv. Die Gesamtpassivität der Jahre 1924 bis 1927 beläuft sich auf rund Feststellungen knüpft, scheint mir noch keineswegs gelöst zu sein. 1872, 1879 und 1891. Jedesmal ergab sich eine Passivität von bis 1913 eine ununterbrochene, starke Passivität unserer gesamten Handelsbilanz. (Hört! Hört! links.) Ich glaube, es ist notwendig, in der Erörterung des Problems Passivität diesen Hinweis nicht außer Acht zu lassen. Sich auf 2754 Millionen; das sind 1000 Millionen Mark mehr. Umgang mit den Erhaltung und Kräftigung eines gefundenen Mittelstandes gezeigt habe. Mehr 20 Prozent des Bedarfs durch Import worden. Dabei muss berücksichtigt werden, dass 46 Prozent des Getreidebedarfs aus dem Auslande stammten. Die Mehrfufuhr an tierischen Nahrungsmitteln belief sich 1913 auf rund 808 Millionen Mark. Nach einer anderen Statistik entfaltete im Jahre 1910 auf den Kopf der Bevölkerung an Vieh und tierischen Erzeugnissen eine Mehrmengen von rund 500 Millionen Mark ab. Sie bringt einmal auf folgendes hinweist, was viel zu wenig bekannt ist: das Handelsbilanzpassivum der Jahre 1900 bis 1913 belief sich auf 18848 Millionen in Vorkriegswerten, also auf rund 28 Millionen. Wie nach der Jahrhundertwende, so war es ebenfalls vor der Jahrhundertwende. Ich habe nicht alle Zahlen in den letzten Tagen nachprüfen können, aber aus einem. Damit möchte ich nicht etwa gegen das Stellung nehmen, was 1926 und 1927, auch noch den Jahresdurchschnitt 1927 übersteigt. Ich glaube aber, der ganze Ausgangspunkt ist unrichtig, Wenn man über Handelspolitik sprechen will, dann muss man größere Beachtung der Import von 8,71 Mark gegen 1,35 Mark im Jahre 1872. 3 Jahre 1910 bestand mithin gegenüber 1872 eine 675 fache Vermehrung der Abhängigkeit vom Auslande. Schließlich belief sich Mehrfufuhr an Futtermitteln im Jahre 1913 auf 75 Millionen Doppelzentner. Die zu deren Anbau in Deutschland nötige Fläche hätte eine Vermehrung um 16,5 Prozent erfordert. Das war im glücklichsten Friedensjahr, in Blütezeiten der Landwirtschaft. Das war aber schon damals keineswegs eine rossige Lage. Heute ist diese Lage noch viel gefährdeter, nachdem wir wertvolle landwirtschaftliche Überflussgebiete verloren haben und der Ernteertrag pro Hektar noch keineswegs den Friedensstand erreicht oder auch darauf etwa hinweisen könnte, dass die Ausfuhr des Monats reicht hat. Deswegen auch meinerseits jede Unterstützung für die Kreditanstalten und die Rationalisierungsmaßnahmen der Landwirtschaft. Nur darüber müssen wir uns klar sein, dass die Früchte dieser Rationalisierungen nicht so rasch reifen können, das heißt mit anderen Worten: wir dürfen wegen dieser zukünftigen Früchte nicht etwa in der Gegenwart unsere Pflichten in der Ausfuhr verügen. Das würde meines Erachtens zum Nachteil der Landwirtschaft ausfallen. (Sehr richtig! links) Erst recht kann ich mich nicht dazu hergeben, eine Drosselung der Einfuhr, Protektionspolitik oder Autarkie zu befürworten. Wie die Dinge liegen, müßte das in der Gegenwart und für die nahe Zukunft nicht nur zum Menschenexport, sondern vielleicht noch zu viel gefährlicheren Rückfalls führen. Es ist nun einmal Deutschlands Schicksal, dass wir den Anschluss an die Weltwirtschaft aufrechterhalten und vertiefen, und dass wir zur europäischen Wirtschaftssolidarität gelangen. Das ist eine schmerzliche Erkenntnis, und ihre Durchführung mag manche Opfer erfordern. Das Volk wird aber seine eigenen Interessen am besten wahren, das sich rechtzeitig darauf einstellt, seine inneren Kräfte aufs stärkste entwickelt und vor allem dafür sorgt, dass seine Gesamtwirtschaft so durchgerationalisiert wird, dass sie der Konkurrenz der anderen Völker gewachsen ist. Wollen wir, eine Wirtschaftsprobleme am Sonnabend eine Die Rede des Abg. Heinig sei ausgegangen von sei Berechtigung mehr Volke möglichst günstige Lebensangenehm. Der der gesamten Industrie für den Abg. We Geifal bei der Weissen "308 Sitzung vom 5 März 1928 14 Uhr. e (Bericht des Nachrichtenbüros des Vereins deutscher Getreidehändler) * Vizepräsident Esser eröffnet die Sitzung um 14 Uhr. Die zweite der Haushaltspläne des Reichswirtschaftsministeriums wird fortgesetzt. Abg. von Raumer (D. Bp.) erklärt, er habe von den Sozialdemokraten, die doch (Wieder in die Nc eintreten amm erwartet. Statt dessen hörte. (Widerspruch h. d. alten Begriffsbestimmungen des Marxismus, die hätten. Er (der Redner) stimmt ein Worte durchaus zu, dass der einzige 125 der Wirtschaft der sei, dem regelmaßig zu fordern ist Eine um die Verbesserung seiner Lebensverhältnisse kämpfende Arbeiter sei der Wirtschaft durchaus erwünscht; denn Stillstand sei auf Dauer schädlich. Nur dürfe der Kampf nicht zum Klassenhaft ausarten. Die Lage der Unternehmer: Die Arbeitszeit, die Lohnhöhe usw. Der Redner wendet sich dann gegen die Ausführungen des sozialdemokratischen Parteiredners. Die Forderung nach größerer Publizität einzelner Industrieunternehmen sei zwecklos, wenn man nicht eine Senkung der Löhne könne. Eine Bilanz könne der das Unternehmen kennen. (Zwischen nur der richtig lesen). Sie werden doch die kaufmännische Ehrlichkeit nicht leugnen. 125 Leiter der deutschen Aktiengesellschaften, 83 der Anteil der Fertigware von zwei Dritteln vor dem Kriege auf 5 der Landwirtschaft durchaus nicht etwa zu einer Störung der Handelspolitik zu führen braucht. Aber auch ein Weiteres darf ich nicht verschweigen. Die Förderung der Landwirtschaft muss das machen. Das ist ein Ziel, auf das innigste zu wünschen. Es fragt sich, ob anzweifeln wollen? Lusfahrt ö 995 5 1 5 Tarifen in nach N finden. Partei beruhmt mit Ihnen nicht Umfange Löhne als früher über die Löhne bei 8 sind grundfalsch. Kontrolle üben. Nie daran, dass wir entscheidend bei der Weltwirtschaftskonferenz und ihren Beschlüssen mitgewirkt haben, dass gerade das Wirtschaftsministerium durch seinen Vertreter in der Ein- und Ausfuhrkonferenz stark aktiv beteiligt gewesen ist. Wir sind ferner führend in den Bemühungen zur Vereinheitlichung der Tarifsysteme und (Abg. Wels Soz.): allerdings auf dem Standpunkt, dass es außerhalb Ihrer Taten keinen Menschen gibt, so kann man disputieren. Beschreibungen müssen bei dem zugenden schnellen technischen Nach. Wenn die Angaben von der Bedeutungslosigkeit der Löhne gesprochen worden ist, so trifft sie auf Prozent Lohnerhöhung bedeutungsvoll, die halbe Gio Abg. ein so getan, als machten die Löhne und die heute aufputz nichts mehr aus. Bei manchen, bei der Löhne bis besonders bei der und die Entscheidung von Bei a - Vertrag Rn muss A Wirtschaftshead enthalten, der 1 8 S 8510 112 nächste Jahre nur mit dem abgestellten zu haben, sondern mehr, dass er Kritik an der Einrichtung. An die Regierung, die wirtschaftsfeindlichen Krankheiten zu ihren und das fortzusetzen. Reichs- und Staatsanzeiger Nr. 56 vom 6. März 1928. S. 4. „Freihandel auf Termin, Schutzzoll per a 5 gekennzeichnet, 5 wurde, kann es nicht überraschen, daß auch die Handels-ertragspolitik nicht vorwärts gekommen ist. Soweit wir Tarif-verträge geschlossen haben, bieten die Vertrags-sätze unserer Export auch nicht entfernt so viel Erleichterungen, wie die der vor dem Kriege. Mit Österreich, Ungarn, der Tschechoslowakei und Polen haben wir Handelsverträge überhaupt nicht 5 gekommen. Der Abschluss des polnischen Vertrages, auf den die Wirtschaft im Osten besonders angewiesen ist, ist von Monat zu Monat durch agrarische Verzögerungen verzögert. Die Versuche der Regierung, den Export statt durch eine liberale Wirtschaftspolitik durch eine Subventionspolitik zu fördern, ist fehlgeschlagen. Die Hoffnungen, die auf die Exportkreditgarantien gesetzt wurden, haben sich nur zu einem an geringen Teil erfüllt. Je mehr wir uns den administrativen Protektionismus in anderen Ländern wehren, desto mehr müssen wir im übrigen auch grundlegend vermeiden, Experimente zu forcieren, wie es die staatliche Exportförderung 5 Das Ergebnis der Außenhandelspolitik dieses Kabinetts ist so unbefriedigend wie möglich. Der Wert der im reinen Warenverkehr 5 sich 1927 gegen 1926 um rund 4 Milliarden gesteigert, der Wert der Ausfuhr ist nahezu konstant geblieben. Die Zahlungsbilanz ist durch die Auslands-kredite nur künstlich aktiviert worden. Hierfür bietet es keinen Trost, daß bei einer etwas verminderten Einfuhr die deutschen Zolleinnahmen im Haushalt 1927 mindestens das Doppelte des Jahres 1913 betragen werden. Das mag ein finanzieller Erfolg sein, für die Wirtschaft ist es ein schwerer Misserfolg, weil hiermit in natürlicher Verbindung die Erhöhung unseres Preisniveaus steht. Wie sieht es überhaupt mit der Wirtschaftspolitik der Regierung aus? Die Zölle sind erhöht, die Steuern nicht gesenkt worden. Die sozialen Gebäude der Wirtschaft haben zugenommen. Die Postgebühren sind erhöht worden. Auf dem Gebiet der Bekämpfung des Missbrauchs im Kartellwesen ist man nicht vorwärtsgekommen. Die Mitglieder des Kartellgerichts entbehren immer noch der richterlichen Unabhängigkeit. Selbst die bedeutende Forderung des Kartellregisters ist unberücksichtigt geblieben. Sogar das freie Vorgehen des Reichswirtschaftsministers gegenüber der Erhöhung der Eisenzölle ist von einem Teil der Regierungs-partgien auf das heftigste angeprüft worden. Das einzige, was das Rechtskabinett für die Preis-senkung „geleitet“ hat, waren Ermahnungen an den Kleinhandel und das Handwerk. Kleinhandel und Handwerk machen aber nicht die Preise. Preise können nur niedriger werden, wenn es verminder wird. Unter der Politik der Regierung hat gerade der gewerbliche Mittelstand wiederum am schwersten gelitten. Wie die Regierung auf das Wohl des gewerblichen Mittelstands bedacht ist, geht auch aus dem neuen Notprogramm hervor, mit dem man zwar die zusammengebrochenen landwirtschaftlichen Genossenschaften aus Reichsmitteln will, dagegen nichts übrig hat für die weiten Kreise der Getreidehändler, der Futtermittelhändler, der Viehhändler, die mindestens ebenso wie die an den notleidenden Wehen der Landwirtschaft Verpflichtungen erlitten haben. Auch der vielfachen Ausschaltung der freien Wirtschaft durch die öffentliche Hand ist kein Einhalt geboten worden. Der Reichswirtschaftsminister ist an diesen Misserfolgen nicht allein schuld. Wir glauben, dass er vieles den richtigen Weg gesucht hat. Er die Wirtschaftspolitik wird in Deutschland nicht vom Reichswirtschaftsminister gemacht, sondern von einer Vielheit von Stellen, die teilweise gegen- und zusammenarbeiten. Reichsaussenministerium, Reichsarbeitsministerium, Reichsfinanzministerium und Reichsverkehrsministerium — von Reichsbank, Reichspost und Reichsbahn ganz abgesehen — machen, jedes für sich und teilweise auch ein Wirtschaftspolitik. Dazu kommt als Hauptfaktor der Reichsernährung der Schutz — die Mindestpreise — fest liegend als Hemmschuh der Außenpolitik betätigt. Wie weit diese Verwirrung geht, beweist, dass mehr und mehr bei wichtigen Handelsvertragsverhandlungen die Federführung an den "Reichsernährung am Nister" übergegangen ist und die dabei — statt auf Ermäßigung der Industriezölle — auf Erhöhung der Agrarzölle hinwirkt. Man sollte 1899 in Erland eine Einrichtung nach Art des trade board schaffen, das sich in England bewährt hat. Die Deutsche Demokratische Partei lehnt eine Wirtschaftspolitik ab. Sie erblickt das Kernproblem in der Ermäßigung des Preisniveaus und in der Hebung der Ausfuhr. Sie fordert, dass mit der Herabsetzung der autonomen Zölle endlich Ernst gemacht wird, dass wirksame Handelsverträge abgeschlossen werden, dass die Wirtschaft von Beruhigung produzieren kann, dass wirksam die öffentliche Hand am Erwerbsleben beteiligt wird und dass der gewerbliche Mittelstand gefördert wird. Nur wenn das geschieht, werden wir unsere Reparationspflichten erfüllen, unsere Handelsbilanz retten, unseren Gewerbestand erhalten und unsere Arbeiterinnen beschäftigen können. (Lebhafte Zustimmung bei den Demokraten.) Herr Abgelegen Koenen (Kommandierender Handelskammer-Syndikus) hätte man eine Stellungnahme zur Berliner Metallarbeiter-Aussperrung erwartet. Aber davon redet hier kein Mensch. Das Wirtschaftsministerium selbst ist gegenüber den Scharfmachern völlig ohnmächtig. Der Vertreter der Scharfmacher von Raumer hat sich über diesen Kampf selbstverständlich ausgeübert, denn was geht die Scharfmacher das Schicksal der armen Teufel von Werkzeugmachern an. Scharf der Stumm und and in schteht wieder in voller Blüte. Die Arbeiter müssen sich wieder im schärfsten Klassenkampf dagegen wehren, sie lassen nicht mehr einreden, dass heute ein neues Deutschland besteht. Die Konjunktur lässt die Unternehmer Millionen um Millionen scheuern, während die Arbeiter sich die kümmerlichste Zulage im schärfsten lobenswerten nur 5 Schritte der Sozialdemokratie weiter auf dem Wege zur Eingliederung in die Front der kapitalistischen Wirtschaftsordnung. Heinig klagte nur darüber, dass es zu viel ungelernte Unternehmer gibt. Herr von Borstig wird er doch wohl zu den gelernten Unternehmern rechnen. Wir danken für diese gelernten Unternehmer, der an der Spitze der Scharfmacher steht. Nicht nur diese Unternehmer, sondern auch das Finanzkapital wehrt sich dagegen, von den unbestreitbaren Gewinnen auch nur das Geringste an die Arbeiter abzugeben, weil Lohnerhöhungen angeblich nur zu Preissteigerungen führen würden. Im Interesse der Kapitalistenprofite lässt die Arbeiter aber auf jede Lohnerhöhung verzichten. In diesem Frühjahr wird es harte Kämpfe geben. Ja, die Unternehmer wollen, wie von Raumer es ankündigte, den Arbeitern noch die letzte Errungenschaft, das Schlichtungsverfahren, rauben. Bei allen Schlägen, die gegen die Arbeiter gerichtet sind, steht die Bürgerfront fester als je. Deshalb regiert ja auch die Regierung Marx weiter im Auftrag des Bürgerblocks. Nur für den Wahlkampf hat man sich Agitationsfreiheit zur Beschwindelung der Wählerschaft ausbedungen. Die Eispreispolitik der Regierung wird sogar von dem Demokraten gebilligt; in der Bewicherung der Währung ist man sich auch von den Demokraten bis zu den Deutschnationalen einig. Der Monarchismus, seit Wirtschaftskampf erringen müssen. Wenn das eine Konjunktur sein soll, dann bedeutet das nur, dass das Volk entseheidbewegung sehr gelitten hat, darum hängt sich die Deutsche Volkspartei diesmal nicht ein schwarzweißrotes, sondern ein liberales Mäntelchen um, statt der „roten Fesseln“ will sie die Diktatur der Freiheit des Privatkapitals einführen. Das Eisensekretariat ist jetzt stabilisiert. Schuld daran sind die Sozialdemokraten, die die Industriezölle eingeführt haben. Statt der „roten Fesseln“ will die Deutsche Volkspartei internationale Eisengeschäfte. Darum durfte der Handelsvertrag mit Frankreich nicht letzter abgeschlossen werden als bis das deutsch-englische Abkommen unterzeichnet und getätigt war. Der Syndikus der Stahlindustrie Dr. Reichert hat diese Kartellierung damit begründet, wieder allgemeine Preissteigerungen hervorrufen. Die Wissenschaften werden durch die Einführung der Relation 1 zu 400 Gewerbe zu treiben. gesunden Mittelstand nicht gedeihen. Artikel 164 der Verfassung es der Industrie hat gelungen sei, mit Werk und Gewerbe durchführbar. Hand zentralisiert sich leider mehr und mehr auf wenige Betriebe. Das überal eine angemessene Verteilung in Das Scharfmachertum Vielfach würden die 8 unsachgemäß daß man dann die Eisenpreise im Inland senken könne. Wie die jetzige Eisenpreiserhöhung beweist, war das wieder so eine deutsche nationale Doppelzüngigkeit. (Vizepräsident Esser erteilt dem Redner einen Ordnungsruf für den Ausdruck „Doppelzüngigkeit“.) Abg. Koenen fortfahrend: Die Vereinigten Stahlwerke und sich mit Otto Wolff ein, einem der größten Betrüger Deutschlands, wie ihn sogar die deutsche nationale „Börsenzeitung“ genannt hat. Dieser Mann ist sogar in den Aufsichtsrat der Deutschen Bank gewählt worden. Infolge der deutschen Eisenpreiserhöhung haben auch die Amerikaner ihre Eisenpreise erhöhen und doch ihre Ein- und Ausfuhr nach Deutschland steigern können. Entgegen den Beschlüssen der Weltwirtschaftskonferenz hat man die Zölle derartig erhöht, daß man das jetzige Notprogramm mit den neuen Zöllen bezahlen kann, alles auf Kosten der Arbeiter. Gegenüber dieser Doppelzüngigkeit ist es unsere Aufgabe, die Arbeiter aufzurufen zum Kampf gegen den Bürgerblock. (Als der Redner das Pult verläßt, erhebt sich auf der Publikumstribüne eine Frau und ruft: „Wo bleibt das Liquidations-Schadengesetz? Warum nehmen Sie uns jede Möglichkeit weiter zu leben? (Bravo bei den Komm.) Das ist eine Ungerechtigkeit!“ (Lebhafte Zustimmung bei den Komm. und Zurufe: Nur ruhig, Herr Präsident, es ist keine Höllenmaschine da! Es ist ungefährlich! Heiterkeit.) in Abg. Molkath (W. Vgg.): Ein Wiederaufbau der deutschen und der Able Wieder ist nur möglich, wenn Deutschland an dieser Aufgabe wieder als gleichberechtigter Faktor mitarbeiten kann. Der Minister hat leider einen Hinweis auf die Sozialpolitik in seiner Rede diesmal vermisst lassen. Früher hat er die Notwendigkeit des Zusammenarbeitens mit dem Arbeitsministerium ausdrücklich hervorgehoben. Wirtschaftspolitik und Sozialpolitik sollten gemeinsam in einem Ministerium bearbeitet werden. Nur so ist eine gesunde, aufbauende Wirtschaft möglich. Es kann die Zeit kommen, wo wir Auslandsanleihen nur zu dem Zweck aufnehmen müssen, um die Zinsen der bisherigen Anleihen decken zu können. Amerika verlangt jetzt für seine finanzielle Ausnahme Hilfe 8 bis 9 Prozent, während es früher für 4 bis 4 Prozent von Europa leistet gewesen ist. Die Gemeinden brauchen Anleihen, weil der Reichstag ihnen viele Aufgaben stellte, ohne sich den Teufel darum zu kümmern, wie die Gemeinden das Geld aufbringen sollen. Die Gemeinden können ihre Zinsen für die Auslandsanleihen nur durch Erhöhung der Realsteuern, also auf Kosten des Mittelstandes, decken. Die großen Unternehmen verstehen es, sich dieser Pflicht zu entziehen. Es muss endlich einmal an die Durchführung des Artikels 164 der Verfassung über den Schutz des Mittelstandes gedacht werden. Steuerreform und Verwaltungsreform müssen in den Vordergrund gerückt werden. Wir möchten bald wissen, was nun für die Landwirtschaft auf Dauer geschehen soll. Die Gemeinden müssen wieder das Steuerzuschlagsrecht erhalten. Wir erkennen die Not der Landwirtschaft an und wollen ihr helfen, aber alle Maßnahmen für die Landwirtschaft müssen so gestaltet werden, dass sie sich auch zugunsten des erwerbstätigen Mittelstandes von Handwerk und Gewerbe auswirken. Vor einem Jahr kündigte der Wirtschaftsminister hier die Novelle zum Handwerksgesetz an, sie liegt jetzt im Reichswirtschaftsrat; sie könnte und sollte auch noch in diesem Monat verabschiedet werden. Die Kartellgerichte bedürfen einer Erweiterung ihrer Kompetenzen. Die Zündholzindustrie hat die Verpflichtungen nicht erfüllt, denen wir geglaubt haben, als wir dem Zündholzmonopol zustimmten. Das geplante Zigarettenzwangsyrndikat würde auch die Interessen des Mittelstandes schädigen. Die Ministerien, namentlich das Wehrministerium, schalten mehr und mehr das Handwerk von den staatlichen Lieferungen aus. Der Redner wendet sich gegen die Auffassung, dass an den Markenerzeugungsartikeln ungeheure Summen verdient werden. Nach den Feststellungen des Edekaverbandes beträgt die Handelsspanne beim Großhandel 10 Prozent und beim Kleinhandel 20 Prozent des Verkaufspreises. Im Fall Mondamin hat der Abgeordnete Heinig den Reis eines Hundertkilopakets zugrunde gelegt und dann den Kleinhandelspreis für Viertel- und Halbpfundpakete genannt. Es ist natürlich, dass die höheren Kosten für Verpackung berücksichtigt werden müssen. Jörg beantragt, dass bei Vergütungen für die Post besonderen Bedürftigen Handwerker und Gewerbetreibenden berücksichtigt werden. Der Wirtschaftsminister sollte auf die Post- und Eisenbahntarife achten; im letzten Jahre sind durch Tarifeerhöhungen 250 Millionen mehr aufgebürdet worden, und jetzt soll die Schraube wieder durch Erhöhung der Eisenbahntarife angezogen werden. Wenn zwei Klassen beim Personenverkehr einander günstiger werden, wogegen nichts einzuwenden wäre, wird auch eine Tariferhöhung herausgeschauen. Tariferhöhungen werden eingeschädigt werden. Die Beamtengenossenschaften schädigen das freie Gewerbe, das für die Bewilligung der Versoldungen in Anspruch genommen worden ist. Es muss damit aufgehört werden, einen Keil zwischen die Beamten und das freie Staats- und Volkswein können ohne einen muss durchgeführt werden. Die Worte sind genug gewechselt, nun lässt uns endlich Taten sehen. (Beifall bei der Wissenschaftl. Vereinig.) Abg. Rauch - München (Bayr. Pp.) weist darauf hin, dass. 5 sei, ift die Rationalisierung wieder emporzustigen. In weitem Abstand folgen ihr aber darin das mittelständische Gewerbe und drückend fest die Notlage der Landwirtschaft. Die edel sei auch in dem Handel. Die Aufträge der Beamten an 8 der Aufträge erfolgen, wobei besonders das von privaten Stellen weniger bedachte Handwerk zu berücksichtigen sei. Bei Spezialaufträgen der Behörden kommt das Handwerk am schlechtesten weg. Die Vergabe an den Mindestbietenden werde auch nicht grundlegend durchgeführt. Hier könne man von einer Vertrauenskrise sprechen. Auch vom Handwerk werde oft nicht sachgemäß vergeben. Das Handwerk habe den Eindruck, dass es als kleiner Kläffer angesehen werde, mit dem man sich gerne abgibt. Auf kurze Zeit zusammengeballt, so dass das Handwerk die kurze Lieferfrist nicht innehalten könne. Der Redner begründet eine Entscheidung, die Reichsregierung zu ersuchen, das Kartellgericht mit einer umgehenden Prüfung zu beauftragen, ob die von der verschiedenen Industrien vorgenommenen Preiserhöhungen begründet sind, und dieselben für nichtig zu erklären. Besonders das süddeutsche Baugewerbe leidet darunter sehr; das Wort: Die Eisenindustrie gleiche heute dem Reiter über dem Bodensee sei ungefähr gleich, wenn man den Geschäftsbericht der Vereinigten Stahlwerke ansehen. Auch das Zement Syndikat treibe eine unerträgliche Politik. Der Minister sollte da einmal recht gründlich hineinleuchten. Hier habe sich der Zusammenhang in Verbilligung der Produktion, aber nicht des Konsums ausgewirkt. Das Kapital der Preispolitik der Kartelle und Syndikate sei äußerst unerfreulich. Die Kapitalertragssteuer für Pfandbriefe sollte beseitigt werden. Ein schwerer, aber vermeidbarer Fehler sei, dass unsere Landwirtschaft bei Abschluss von Handelsverträgen immer wieder zum Prügelknaben gemacht wurde. Ein Handelsvertrag mit der Tschechoslowakischen Republik, der auf die Interessen der bayerischen Hopfen- und Malzbauer nicht genügend Rücksicht nehmen würde, werde niemals die Zustimmung der Bayerischen Volkspartei bekommen. Bedauerlich sei, dass der deutsche Messwesen. Einen örtlichen Charakter hätten dagegen die Ausstellungen. Die Tätigkeit der Statistik sei durchaus anzuerkennen. Es fehle aber strengste Objektivität in der Beobachtung und Sichtung des Materials erforderlich. Vor allem dürfe der Reichswirtschaftsminister keinen politischen Einfluss auf die Statistik ausüben. Das dringend Notwendige für den Wiederaufstieg unserer Industrie sei der wirtschaftliche Frieden. Da und nicht zum Geschäftemachen. Für Gemeinden an die nun gestellten Einheitswerte. Und Untersuchungsstellen für Fleisch. — Stempelzeichen von Unterschlachtungsstatistik. — (Preußen.) Vieh Märkte. — (Anhalt.) E (Frankreich.) Schutz der Herkunftsbezeichnungen. — Tierseuchen im Deutschen Reich, 15. Februar. — Verhandlungen von gesetzgebenden Körpern. Vereinen, Kongresse usw. Gewerbe. Verwaltungsrat der 1 1155 1 Der re. ort. Gastwirt — Wetter. i 5 : eie e im Deut f 25 Wirkliche Geheime Rat 5 Preis. 8 Abg. Graf zu Reventlow (Nat. Soz.) erklärt, es müsse um das Gewissen des Herrn Wirtschaftsministers schlecht bestellt sein, wenn er die Handelspassivität als nicht beunruhigender bezeichnet hat. Diese Wirtschaftspolitik sei eben verknüpft und verbunden mit der internationalen Außenpolitik und dem Internationalismus überhaupt, verbunden mit der jüdischen Führung, die in Deutschland alle Verhältnisse und auch alle Behörden beherrscht. Gegenüber den internationalen Trusts und Kartellen sei der Staat völlig ohnmächtig. Die Sozialdemokratie erklärt das als eine naturnotwendige Entwicklung des Kapitalismus, der sich einmal überwiegen und überwunden und damit sich selbst vernichten werde. Den Dawes-Parteien fehle das Jammern über die wirtschaftliche Notlage überhaupt schlecht an. Der Ritt der Parteien auf die Bauern sei hier geradezu grotesk gewesen, ein geradezu beschämendes Schauspiel. Notwendig und erfolgversprechend sei nur die Abwendung des deutschen Staates vom Internationalismus. Der Redner begrüßt es, daß im Volke dieser Staat, diese Republik immer mehr als Feind des Volkes betrachtet wird. Die Verzweiflungstat des Farmers Langkopp sei ein Symptom dieser Erkenntnis des Volkes. Abg. Büll (Dem.): Warum versagt das Reichswirtschaftsministerium in der Hilfe für den Mittelstand? Das Wirtschaftsministerium muss auch auf die soziale Notwenigkeit einwirken. Die Angestellten des Handels klagen über die lange Arbeitszeit in den Verkaufsstellen. Abg. Budjuhn (D. Nat.) begrüßte mit Genugtuung die Erklärung des Schatten, daß er bestrebt sei, den Bedürfnissen der Mittelstandswirtschaft Rechnung zu tragen. Er habe das nicht nur Worte; man wolle endlich Taten sehen, an denen es bisher gemangelt habe. Die Handwerker warteten bereits acht Jahre vergebens auf die Einlösung des Versprechens hinsichtlich eines neuen Gesetzes, das die Rechtsverhältnisse des Handwerks regelt. Der Redner nimmt Stellung gegen die Staats- und Kommunalbetriebe, die der freien Wirtschaft Konkurrenz machen und die Mittel der Steuerzahler vergeuden. Der Staat sei zum Verwalten der Genossenschaften der Handwerker nicht benachteiligt werden. Darauf werden die Beratungen abgebrochen. "Endgültig angenommen wird der Entwurf über die weitere Hinausschreibung der Bindung einzelner Länder und dem ReichsbewertungsgeSETZ festgestellt. Das Haus vertagte sich. — Dienstag 14 Uhr: Weiterberatung des Haushalts des Wirtschaftsministeriums, Haushalt des Reichsverkehrsministeriums. Schluss 187 Uhr. Nr. 9 des Reichsgesundheitsblatts vom 29. Februar 1928 hat folgenden Inhalt: A. Amtlicher Teil I. Fortlaufende Meldungen über die gemeingefährlichen Krankheiten im In- und Auslande. — Gesetzgebung u.s.w. (Deutsches Reich.) Einlassfleisch. — Fleischbeschauung und Unterricht über Gesundheitspflege. — Bekämpfung der Kurpfuscherie. — Fleischbeschauung und Schlachtstätistik. — (Sachsen.) Schinken. — (Braunschweig.) Veterinärpolizeiliche Überwachung der Schlacht-, Nutz- und Zuchttiere. — (Waldeck!) Verhütung der Verbreitung übertragbarer Krankheiten. — (Danzig.) Einführung des Deutschen Arzneibuchs. — (Österreich.) Lkw-Fahrer. — Untersuchungsstellen für ausländisches hygienisches Vortragskurs in Magdeburg. — Vermischtes. (Deutsches Reich.) Aluminiumfuttergefäß. — Sparsame, sachgemäße Krankenbehandlung (Ankündigung). — Vorläufige Ergebnisse der Viehzählung und der Ermittlung der nichtbeschupflichtigen Hausgeschlachtungen vom 1. Dezember 1927. — B. Nichtamtlicher Teil. — C. Amtlicher Teil II. Wochentabelle über Eheschließungen, Geburten und Sterbefälle in den deutschen Großstädten mit 100000 und mehr Einwohnern. — Geburts- und Sterblichkeitsverhältnisse in einigen größeren Städten des Auslands. — Erkrankungen und Sterbefälle an übertragbaren Krankheiten in deutschen Ländern. 3 ö Normale Verkehrswege. 35 Die Verzeichnisse der Postcheckkunden bei den deutschen Reichsbanken werden in nächster Zeit nach dem Stand vom 1. Januar 1928 neu erscheinen. Bezahlungen nehmen alle Postanstalten entgegen, die auch über die Preise Auskunft erteilen. Postcheckkunden erhalten die Verzeichnisse auf Wunsch von ihrem Postcheckamt unter Abbuchung des Preises von ihrem Konto; sie können sich auch den regelmäßigen Bezug durch einmalige Bestellung bei ihrem Postcheckamt sichern. Plötzlich und unerwartet verschied am 3. d. M. im 175. Jahre seines von Erfolgen reich gekrönten Lebens der langjährige frühere Vizepräsident unseres Kollegiums, Dr. jur. Otto v. Glasenapp. Die Reichsbank, der der Verstorbene seit dem Jahre 1896 als Mitglied des Direktoriums und seit 1907 bis zu seinem 1924 erfolgten Übergang in den Ruhestand als Vizepräsident angehörte, betrauert in ihm einen mit reichen Gaben des Geistes versehenen Menschen von seltener Lauterkeit des Charakters, und einen vorbildlichen Beamten, der in hingebungsvoller Pflichttreue seine schier unerschütterliche Arbeitskraft bis zum letzten Tage dem Dienst der Reichsbank gewidmet hat. Sein Andenken wird bei der Reichsbank zu allen Zeiten in hohen Ehren gehalten werden. Berlin, den 5. März 1928. Das Reichsbank-Direktorium. Schacht. Dreyse. Nr. 56. Nichtamtliches. Fortsetzung aus dem Hauptblatt.) Preußischer Landtag. 349. Sitzung vom 2. März 1928. Die Reden des Justizministers Dr. Schmidt, die wegen verspäteten Eingangs des Stenogramms gestern nicht veröffentlicht werden konnten, haben folgenden Wortlaut: Nachtrag. Meine sehr verehrten Damen und Herren! Ich habe zunächst den Rednern zu danken, die mir hier anerkennende Worte für die Arbeit des ersten Jahres meiner Ministerialtätigkeit gewidmet haben. Ich gebe diesen Anerkennung und diesen Dank weiter an die Mitarbeiter meines Hauses und die ganze Justizbeamtenchaft, die mich vertrauensvoll und hindernlos während dieses ganzen Jahres unterstützt haben. Ich erwidere die Anerkennung, die mir zuteil geworden ist, mit dem Versprechen, daß ich auch in Zukunft alle meine Kräfte einsetzen werde, um das schwierige Amt, das mir übertragen ist, in dem Sinne zu verwalten, wie es mein Herr Vorgänger getan hat und wie es hier vom Haus in der Mehrheit gebilligt wird. Die Behandlung des Justizetats im Hauptauschüß ist so ausgiebig und so sachlich gewesen, und andererseits ist die Redezeit im Plenum so beschränkt, daß ich nicht auf alles erwidern möchte, was hier von den Rednern vorgetragen worden ist. Ich will mich aber doch bemühen, auf die Hauptfragen einige Antworten zu geben. Zunächst ist gestern vom Kollegen Stendel über den Krantz-Prozess gesprochen worden, und dieser Prozess steht ja wohl auch im Vordergrund des Interesses, weil er sich in der Zeit zwischen den Ausschüßeverhandlungen und der Beratung im Plenum ereignet hat. Als Mensch und als Vater zweier heranwachsender Kinder haben mich die Dinge, die sich ereignet haben, regt und selbstverständlich mit lebhaftem Bedauern gefüllt, wegen der Auswirkungen, die der Prozess notwendigerweise auf die gesamte Öffentlichkeit und besonders auf unsere heranwachsende Jugend haben musste, andererseits aber auch auf unsere Justiz, auf ihr Ansehen und das Vertrauen in sie. Als Justizminister habe ich den Prozess mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit verfolgt und mich bemüht, mir ein möglichst klares Bild von den Ereignissen zu machen. Ich habe es deshalb auch für erforderlich gehalten, mir die Hauptverhandlung eine kurze Zeit mit anzuhalten und mir dadurch ein unmittelbares Bild zu verschaffen. Im übrigen, glaube ich, habe ich alles getan, was mir als Minister zu tun erlaubt und möglich war. Ich habe insbesondere, gleich nachdem die kleine Anfrage des Abgeordneten Dr. Fassbender mir bekannt geworden war und nach dem der Antrag des Abgeordneten Mumm im Reichstag, der Ihnen ja auch bekannt ist, gestellt worden war, sofort für den nächsten Montag vormittag eine Pressekonferenz in meinem eigenen Haus zusammenzubringen. Zu dieser Konferenz ist eine ganze Reihe maßgeblicher Vertreter der Organisationen der Presse erschienen. Ich habe diese Herren dringendst gebeten, allen ihren Einfluss dahin einzu-setzen, dass die Berichterstattung über den Krantz-Prozess nicht in der Weise fortgeführt werde, wie sie bis dahin zum Teil erfolgt war. Ich glaube, eine praktische Nutzen hat diese Konferenz, an der übrigens u. a. die Kollegen Dr. Fassbender, Frau Heßberger und Baecker und auch Herr Mumm teilgenommen haben, schon geschaffen. Ich will mich nun des weiteren mit diesen Dingen - Justiz und Presse und Presseberichterstattung aus Anlass des Krantz-Prozesses - im Moment nicht mehr näher ausnehmen, teils aus Zeitmangel, teils deswegen, weil ich es für richtiger halte, unmittelbar mit der Presse, mit der ich ständige Fühlung habe, auf diese Dinge noch reichlich zurückzukommen. Ich möchte mich hier mit diesem Prozess nur als Justizminister vom rein juristischen Standpunkt aus beschäftigen unter Weglassung all der übrigen Probleme, die durch ihn ausgelöst worden sind - des Pädagogischen, des Weltanschaulichen, des Soziologischen und was dergleichen mehr ist. Das ist zunächst einmal folgendes zu sagen. Man mag über die Einzelheiten des Verfahrens denken, wie man will: man wird anerkennen müssen, dass der oberste Grundsatz für jedes Strafverfahren, also auch für diesen Mordprozess, bleiben muss: das beste Recht zu finden. Nach meiner Ansicht haben auch die beteiligten Justizbeamten, besonders der Verhandlungsleiter und der leitende Beamte der Staatsanwaltschaft diesen obersten Grundsatz immer im Auge behalten. Im einzelnen möchte ich bemerken: Nach dem Ergebnis der ordnungsmäßig durchgeführten Voruntersuchung war gegen Paul Krantz ein dringender Verdacht der Beteiligung an der Ermordung des Hans Stephan und an der Verabredung zum Mord an der Hilde Scheller gegeben. (Abg. Obuch: Wie ist das nur möglich!) - Nach dem Ergebnis der Voruntersuchung war die Situation so, dass der dringende Verdacht bestand. Das kann ich nur noch einmal wiederholen, Herr Kollege! - Daraus folgte, dass nach dem herrschenden Legalitätsprinzip die Anklage erhoben werden musste. war vor ihrer Zustellung uns - dem Ministerium und mir - nicht bekannt gewesen. Sie brauchte uns auch nicht unbedingt vorher mitgeteilt zu werden. Inzwischen aber habe ich die Verfügung vom 12. 1927 herausgegeben, in der ich gesagt habe, dass das Ministerium über alle diese großen, bedeutenden, aufsehenserregenden Prozesse rechtzeitig unterrichtet werden müßte. Wenn also die Anklageerhebung nach dieser neueren Verfügung erfolgt wäre, so möchte ich annehmen, dass sie uns dann auch vorher im Entwurf zugeleitet worden wäre, so dass eine Überprüfung von uns hätte erfolgen können. Dass die und die im Prozess behandelt worden sind, auf das tiefste erstreckt sich die Anklage Erste Beilage Berlin, Dienstag, den 6. März. Die von einer Zeitung gebrachte Mitteilung, dass Zustande kommen dieser Krantz-Anklage sei auf das Eingreifen eines früheren hohen Justizbeamten zurückzuführen, entbehrt jeder Grundlage. Die Staatsanwaltschaft hat sich bei Erhebung der Anklage nur von sachlichen Erwägungen leiten lassen. Die Anklage ist von dem zuständigen Sachbearbeiter abgefasst, von dem zuständigen Abteilungsvorsteher überarbeitet und von dem Leiter der Staatsanwaltschaft II geprüft und unterzeichnet worden. Nun ist von vielen Seiten besonders beanstandet worden, dass die Öffentlichkeit überhaupt nicht oder nicht mindestens für einen Teil der Hauptverhandlung ausgeschlossen worden ist. Dazu ist folgendes zu sagen: Bereits durch eine allgemeine Verfügung des Justizministers vom 12. 5. 1925 sind die Staatsanwaltschaften ersucht worden, in strafgerichtlichen Verfahren der Frage, ob Grund zu einem Antrag auf Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit wegen Gefährdung der Sittlichkeit vorliege, ihre besondere Aufmerksamkeit zuzuwenden, wobei namentlich darauf zu achten ist, dass die heranwachsende Jugend vor den Gefahren geschützt werden muss, die sich aus der Berichterstattung der Presse über die Verhandlungen erwachsen können, die sittliche Verfehlungen zum Gegenstand haben. Hinblicklich des vorliegenden Falles, des Krantz-Prozesses, glaube ich sagen zu können, dass die Staatsanwaltschaft von Anfang an ohne Schaden für das Verfahren in weiterem Umfang und mit größerem Nachdruck auf einen Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit mindestens für Teile der Verhandlung hätte hinwirkend sollen. (Sehr richtig!) Ich habe während meiner Anwesenheit in der Hauptverhandlung diese Ansicht auch dem Leiter der Staatsanwaltschaft II bekanntgegeben und ihn ersucht, die Sitzungsvertreter für die weiteren Verhandlungen mit entsprechenden Weisungen zu versehen. Besonders heftige Angriffe sind deshalb erhoben worden, weil die beiden jugendlichen Zeuginnen Hilde Scheller und Ellinor Rattt vom Vorsitzenden vor ihrer Vernehmung beeidigt worden sind. Zum Beispiel hat, was ich auch erwähnen muss, der Reichstagsabgeordnete Dittmann im Plenum des Reichstags gleich am 11. Februar 1928, nachdem erst, glaube ich, zwei Verhandlungstage vorüber waren, den Vorsitzenden erhoben, er wolle offenbar absolut die Verurteilung des angeklagten jungen Menschen erzwingen. Hiergegen muss ich den Vorsitzenden unbedingt in Schutz nehmen. Rechtlich liegt die Sache so: Nach § 61 der Strafprozessordnung sind die Zeugen in der Regel vor ihrer Vernehmung zu beeidigen, während der Nacheid die Ausnahme bildet. Ich bitte, auch immer zu berücksichtigen, daß ja der Vorsitzende nur der Verhandlungsleiter war, daß das Gericht tatsächlich im ganzen aus neun Personen bestand, drei Juristen und sechs Laien, darunter eine Dame. Das Gericht hat sich nun nach der mündlichen Urteilsbegründung zu der Vorvereidigung der beiden Zeuginnen gerade im Interesse des Angeklagten deswegen entschlossen, weil es befürchtet, dass die jugendlichen Zeuginnen, wenn sie sich nicht von vornherein unter dem Zwang des Eides bleiben und nachher bei dem Nacheid nicht die Entschlusskraft aufbringen würden, ihre vorherigen Aussagen zu berichtigen. Da es sich hierbei um eine gerichtliche Entscheidung handelt, muß ich mich einer Stellungnahme hierzu enthalten. Ich bemerke nur, dass z. B. in der neuesten Nummer der Juristenzeitung der bekannte und angehnende Schriftsteller Rechtsanwalt Dr. Hachenburg aus Mannheim sich zu diesem Problem auf den Standpunkt des Vorsitzenden gestellt und aus juristischen und anderen Erwägungen die Vereidigung durchaus gebilligt hat. Andererseits muss ich sagen, dass ich persönlich grundsätzlich der Ansicht bin, dass auch im Strafverfahren der Nacheid unbedingt den Vorrang vor dem Voreid verdient. Nach dem Gang der Verhandlungen über die Strafrechtsreform im Ausschuss des Reichstages, insbesondere nach den Presseberichten über die gestrige Sitzung ist ja wohl auch zu erwarten, dass durch das Einführungsgesetz zum neuen Strafgesetzbuch in Zukunft der Voreid durch den Nacheid ersetz werden wird. (Sehr gut! im Zentrum.) Das entspricht übrigens Anregungen, die früher schon wiederholt von Preußen gegeben worden sind. Weiter möchte ich bemerken: vielleicht wäre manches, was Anlass zur Beanstandung der Prozessführung gegeben hat, vermieden worden, wenn das Verfahren gegen Krantz vor dem Jugendgericht hätte stattfinden können, was aber nicht möglich war, da Krantz zur Zeit der Tat bereits 18 Jahre alt war. Es schweben aber schon seit längerer Zeit Erwägungen darüber, ob unter Abänderung der bestehenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen die Möglichkeit geschaffen werden kann, auch Angeklagte, die zwar das 18. Lebensjahr überwitten haben, aber noch nicht 21 Jahre alt sind, unter gewissen Voraussetzungen statt durch das ordentliche Gericht auch durch das Jugendgericht aburteilen zu lassen. (Abgeordneter Dr. Leidig: Reichstagswähler?! — Große Heiterkeit rechts.) — Wir wollen das nicht aufs Politische hinüberziehen; wir sind hier beim rein Juristischen. Die Frage wird bei den Beratungen über das EinführungsgeSETZ zum neuen Strafgesetzbuch zu lösen sein. (Zurufe rechts.) — Dann schränken wir es vielleicht auf das 20. Lebensjahr ein. Nun einige Worte zu der Person des Verhandlungsleiters, welche ich unbedingt im Interesse und zum Schutz dieses so viel angegriffenen Beamten sagen musste. Ich habe ihn vorhin schon gegen den einen Angriff, der im Reichstag gegen ihn erhoben worden ist, in Schutz genommen. Ich muss darüber hinaus sagen: Der Landgerichtsdirektor Düst mag zwar kein blendender Verhandlungsleiter sein, er ist aber sicherlich ein gewisser Hafter, gerechter und gütiger Richter, und das ist doch eigentlich die HauptSache für den Strafrichter. (Sehr richtig! rechts.) Er ist daneben auch noch ein guter Jurist. Landgerichtsstellenden fühlten, vielleicht nicht vorsichtig genug bei der Wahrheit. Direktor Düst ist früher schon jahrelang Leiter einer Jugendstrafkammer gewesen und hat jetzt seit zwei Jahren den Vorsitz im Schwurgericht. Ich gebe zu, wie ich schon andeutete, daß er in der Verhandlungsleitung vielleicht ab und zu eine gewisse Umständlichkeit und eine nicht immer sofort den Gründen nach erkennbare ausgiebige Stoffdurchforchung beliebt. Gewiß aber hat nur dieser Drang zur Gewissenhaftigkeit die genaueren Fragen auch auf dem sexualen Gebiet veranlasst, die dem Landgerichts-Direktor Düst meines Erachtens zu Unrecht als Taktlosigkeiten ausgelegt worden sind. Es hat ja nun der Krantz-Prozess und die Verhandlungsführung durch Herrn Düst auch dem allgemein bekannten und von mir sehr geschätzten Gerichtsberichterstatter Sling Veranlassung gegeben, in einem längeren Artikel in der „Vossischen Zeitung“ vom 22. Februar d.J. seine Meinung über „Richter in Moabit“ zu sagen. Ich hätte gewünscht, dass dieser Artikel lieber nicht geschrieben worden wäre. (Sehr richtig!) Ich habe schon mehrfach gesagt — und ich glaube, das Haus billigt das, und auch die Redner des Hauses haben das oft betont —: die guten Eigenschaften eines Richters der modernen Zeit seien besonders: Staatstreue, Unparteilichkeit, Unbeuschlichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Gerechtigkeit und Güte. Hier wird nun aber die Forderung erhoben, man solle als Schwurgerichtsleiter besonders für Moabit die repräsentativsten Herren nehmen. (Heiterkeit.) Herr Sling wünscht, dass man die repräsentativsten Stellen mit redegewandten Herren von Format und Talent, die auch nach außen hin etwas blenden, besetzen solle. |
github_open_source_100_1_557 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package simugen.core.defaults;
import simugen.core.abstracts.AbstractElement;
import simugen.core.interfaces.Element;
/**
* Default implementation of {@link Element}.
*
* @author Lorelei
*
*/
final public class DefaultElement extends AbstractElement
{
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_558 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace SpotifyAPI.Web
{
/// <summary>
/// Endpoints for getting playlists and new album releases featured on Spotify’s Browse tab.
/// </summary>
public interface IBrowseClient
{
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of categories used to tag items in Spotify (on, for example, the Spotify player’s “Browse” tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-categories
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<CategoriesResponse> GetCategories(CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of categories used to tag items in Spotify (on, for example, the Spotify player’s “Browse” tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request">The request-model which contains required and optional parameters.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-categories
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<CategoriesResponse> GetCategories(CategoriesRequest request, CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a single category used to tag items in Spotify (on, for example, the Spotify player’s “Browse” tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="categoryId">The Spotify category ID for the category.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-a-category
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<Category> GetCategory(string categoryId, CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a single category used to tag items in Spotify (on, for example, the Spotify player’s “Browse” tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="categoryId">The Spotify category ID for the category.</param>
/// <param name="request">The request-model which contains required and optional parameters.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-a-category
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<Category> GetCategory(string categoryId, CategoryRequest request, CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of Spotify playlists tagged with a particular category.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="categoryId">The Spotify category ID for the category.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-a-categories-playlists
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<CategoryPlaylistsResponse> GetCategoryPlaylists(string categoryId, CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of Spotify playlists tagged with a particular category.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="categoryId">The Spotify category ID for the category.</param>
/// <param name="request">The request-model which contains required and optional parameters.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-a-categories-playlists
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<CategoryPlaylistsResponse> GetCategoryPlaylists(string categoryId, CategoriesPlaylistsRequest request, CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Recommendations are generated based on the available information for a given seed entity and matched against
/// similar artists and tracks. If there is sufficient information about the provided seeds,
/// a list of tracks will be returned together with pool size details.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request">The request-model which contains required and optional parameters.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-recommendations
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<RecommendationsResponse> GetRecommendations(RecommendationsRequest request, CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Retrieve a list of available genres seed parameter values for recommendations.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-recommendation-genres
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<RecommendationGenresResponse> GetRecommendationGenres(CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of new album releases featured in Spotify (shown, for example, on a Spotify player’s “Browse” tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-new-releases
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<NewReleasesResponse> GetNewReleases(CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of new album releases featured in Spotify (shown, for example, on a Spotify player’s “Browse” tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request">The request-model which contains required and optional parameters.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-new-releases
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<NewReleasesResponse> GetNewReleases(NewReleasesRequest request, CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of Spotify featured playlists (shown, for example, on a Spotify player’s ‘Browse’ tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-featured-playlists
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<FeaturedPlaylistsResponse> GetFeaturedPlaylists(CancellationToken cancel = default);
/// <summary>
/// Get a list of Spotify featured playlists (shown, for example, on a Spotify player’s ‘Browse’ tab).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="request">The request-model which contains required and optional parameters.</param>
/// <param name="cancel">The cancellation-token to allow to cancel the request.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// https://developer.spotify.com/documentation/web-api/reference-beta/#endpoint-get-featured-playlists
/// </remarks>
/// <returns></returns>
Task<FeaturedPlaylistsResponse> GetFeaturedPlaylists(FeaturedPlaylistsRequest request, CancellationToken cancel = default);
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_559 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package org.hl7.fhir.validation.cli.utils;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import java.io.File;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.Locale;
import org.hl7.fhir.validation.cli.model.CliContext;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class ParamsTests {
@Test
void testLocale() throws Exception {
CliContext cliContext = Params.loadCliContext(new String[]{"-locale", "de"});
assertEquals(Locale.GERMAN, cliContext.getLocale());
}
@Test
void testFhirSettingsFile() throws Exception {
File tempFile = Files.createTempFile("fhir-settings", "json").toFile();
CliContext cliContext = Params.loadCliContext(new String[]{"-fhir-settings", tempFile.getAbsolutePath()});
assertEquals(tempFile.getAbsolutePath(), cliContext.getFhirSettingsFile());
}
@Test
void testFhirSettingsFileDoesntExist() {
java.lang.Error error = Assertions.assertThrows(java.lang.Error.class, () -> {
CliContext cliContext = Params.loadCliContext(new String[]{"-fhir-settings", "this-does-not-exist.json"});
});
assertThat(error.getMessage(), containsString("this-does-not-exist.json"));
}
} |
github_open_source_100_1_560 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import React, { Component, PureComponent } from 'react';
import classNames from 'classnames';
import PanelHeader from '../common/PanelHeader';
import TimeCell from './TimeCell';
import { padLeft } from '../utils';
import { CURRENT } from '../constants';
const ROW = 4;
const COL = 7;
export default class HourPanel extends (PureComponent || Component) {
isSelected(val) {
const { selected } = this.props;
return selected.getHours() === val;
}
isCurrent(val) {
return CURRENT.getHours() === val;
}
getHours() {
const cells = [];
let i = 0;
for (let j = 0; j < ROW; j++) {
for (let k = 0; k < COL && i < 24; k++) {
const isDisabled = this.props.isDisabled && this.props.isDisabled(i);
const isSelected = this.isSelected(i);
const isCurrent = this.isCurrent(i);
let className = classNames({
'panel__cell time-panel__cell': true,
'panel__cell--disabled': isDisabled,
'panel__cell--selected': isSelected,
'panel__cell--current': isCurrent,
});
cells[j] = cells[j] || [];
cells[j][k] = {
text: padLeft(i),
value: i,
isDisabled,
className,
};
i += this.props.step || 1;
}
}
return cells;
}
render() {
const { hidePanel, i18n, onSelect, className, hideHeader } = this.props;
const hours = this.getHours();
return (
<div className={classNames('hour-panel', className)}>
{!hideHeader && (
<PanelHeader
title={i18n.panel.hourSelect}
showNext={false}
prev={hidePanel}
/>
)}
<div className="hour-table panel-table">
<TimeCell cells={hours} onSelect={onSelect} />
</div>
</div>
);
}
}
|
2021/62018CJ0682/62018CJ0682_SL.txt_2 | Eurlex | CC-By | (a)
Ali izvede upravljavec [platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek], na kateri dajejo uporabniki datoteke z avtorskopravno varovanimi vsebinami javnosti na voljo brez dovoljenja imetnikov pravic, dejanje priobčitve v smislu člena 3(1) Direktive [o avtorski pravici], če
–
se postopek naložitve izvaja samodejno in brez predhodnega vpogleda ali nadzora upravljavca,
–
izvajalec v pogojih uporabe opozarja, da je prepovedana objava vsebin, s katerimi se kršijo avtorske pravice,
–
z izvajanjem storitve ustvarja prihodke,
–
se [platforma] uporablja za namene zakonite uporabe, vendar izvajalec ve, da je razpoložljivih tudi veliko vsebin, s katerimi se kršijo avtorske pravice (več kot 9500 del),
–
izvajalec ne zagotavlja kazala in funkcije iskanja, vendar tretje osebe neomejene povezave za prenos, ki jih zagotavlja, vključujejo v zbirke povezav na spletu, ki vsebujejo informacije o vsebini datotek in omogočajo iskanje po določenih vsebinah,
–
zaradi sistema plačila nadomestila za prenose, ki je odvisno od povpraševanja, ustvarja spodbudo za nalaganje avtorskopravno varovanih vsebin, do katerih bi lahko uporabniki sicer dostopali samo odplačno,
in
–
se z omogočanjem anonimnega nalaganja datotek povečuje verjetnost, da uporabniki za kršitve avtorskega prava ne bodo odgovarjali?
(b)
Ali se ta presoja spremeni, če se preko [platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek] v obsegu od 90 do 96 % celotne uporabe dajejo na voljo ponudbe, s katerimi se kršijo avtorske pravice?
2.
Če je odgovor na prvo vprašanje nikalen:
ali spada dejavnost [platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek] v okoliščinah, opisanih v okviru prvega vprašanja, na področje uporabe člena 14(1) Direktive [o elektronskem poslovanju]?
3.
Če je odgovor na drugo vprašanje pritrdilen:
ali se mora dejansko védenje za nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek in poznavanje dejstev ali okoliščin, iz katerih je očitno, da gre za nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek v skladu s členom 14(1) Direktive [o elektronskem poslovanju], nanašati na konkretno nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek?
4.
Dalje, če je odgovor na drugo vprašanje pritrdilen:
ali je združljivo s členom 8(3) Direktive [o avtorski pravici], če lahko imetnik pravic sodno odredbo zoper ponudnika storitve, pri čemer je njegova storitev shranjevanje podatkov, ki jih zagotovi uporabnik, in je uporabnik to storitev uporabil za kršitev avtorske ali sorodne pravice, zahteva šele, če se po opozorilu na jasno kršitev takšna kršitev ponovi?
5.
Če sta odgovora na prvo in drugo vprašanje nikalna:
ali se upravljavec [platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek] v okoliščinah, opisanih v okviru prvega vprašanja, šteje za kršitelja v smislu člena 11, prvi stavek, in člena 13 Direktive [o uveljavljanju pravic]?
6.
Če je odgovor na peto vprašanje pritrdilen:
ali je lahko obveznost takega kršitelja za plačilo odškodnine na podlagi člena 13(1) Direktive 2004/48/ES odvisna od tega, da je kršitelj tako glede lastnega sodelovanja v delavnosti, ki je predmet kršitve, kot tudi v zvezi s sodelovanjem tretjih oseb v dejavnosti, ki je predmet kršitve, ravnal naklepno in je vedel ali bi razumno moral vedeti, da uporabniki uporabljajo platformo za konkretne kršitve?“
58
S sklepom predsednika Sodišča z dne 18. decembra 2018 sta bili zadevi C‑682/18 in C‑683/18 združeni za pisni in ustni del postopka ter za izdajo sodbe.
Vprašanja za predhodno odločanje
59
Najprej je treba pojasniti, da se vprašanja, postavljena v teh zadevah, nanašajo na Direktivo o avtorski pravici, Direktivo o elektronskem poslovanju in Direktivo o uveljavljanju pravic, ki so se uporabljale v času dejanskega stanja iz postopka v glavni stvari. Razlage, ki jih podaja Sodišče v odgovor na ta vprašanja, se ne nanašajo na ureditev, ki je začela veljati po tem obdobju in ki je bila uvedena s členom 17 Direktive (EU) 2019/790 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 17. aprila 2019 o avtorski in sorodnih pravicah na enotnem digitalnem trgu in spremembi direktiv 96/9/ES in 2001/29/ES (UL 2019, L 130, str. 92).
Prvo vprašanje, postavljeno v zadevah C‑682/18 in C‑683/18
60
Predložitveno sodišče s prvim vprašanjem, postavljenim v obeh zadevah, v bistvu sprašuje, ali je treba člen 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici razlagati tako, da upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek, na kateri lahko uporabniki nezakonito dajo varovane vsebine na voljo javnosti, v okoliščinah, kakršne so te v zadevah v glavni stvari, izvaja „priobčitev“ teh vsebin „javnosti“ v smislu te določbe.
61
V skladu s členom 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici države članice določijo za avtorje izključno pravico, da dovolijo ali prepovejo vsakršno obliko priobčenja njihovih del javnosti, po žici ali na brezžični način, vključno z dajanjem svojih del na voljo javnosti tako, da imajo člani javnosti do njih dostop s kraja in v času, ki si ju izberejo sami.
62
V skladu s to določbo imajo avtorji tako preventivno pravico, ki jim omogoča, da posežejo med morebitne uporabnike svojih del in priobčitev javnosti, ki bi jo lahko ti uporabniki nameravali izvesti, da to priobčitev preprečijo (sodba z dne 9. marca 2021, VG Bild‑Kunst, C‑392/19, EU:C:2021:181, točka 21 in navedena sodna praksa).
63
Kot je Sodišče že presodilo, je treba pojem „priobčitev javnosti“ v smislu člena 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici, kot je poudarjeno v uvodni izjavi 23 te direktive, razumeti široko, tako da zajema vsakršno priobčitev javnosti, ki ni prisotna na kraju izvora priobčitve, in tako vsako tovrstno oddajanje ali retransmisijo dela v javnost po žici ali na brezžični način, vključno z radiodifuznim oddajanjem. Iz uvodnih izjav 4, 9 in 10 navedene direktive namreč izhaja, da je njen glavni cilj vzpostavitev visoke stopnje varstva avtorjev, da se jim omogoči ustrezno plačilo za uporabo njihovih del, posebno pri priobčitvi javnosti (sodba z dne 9. marca 2021, VG Bild‑Kunst, C‑392/19, EU:C:2021:181, točki 26 in 27).
64
Hkrati iz uvodnih izjav 3 in 31 Direktive o avtorski pravici izhaja, da naj bi harmonizacija, izvedena s to direktivo, zagotavljala pravično ravnotežje – med drugim v elektronskem okolju – med interesi imetnikov avtorskih in sorodnih pravic za varstvo njihove pravice intelektualne lastnine, zagotovljene s členom 17(2) Listine Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah (v nadaljevanju: Listina), na eni strani ter varstvom interesov in temeljnih pravic uporabnikov varovanih predmetov, zlasti njihove svobode izražanja in obveščanja, zagotovljene s členom 11 Listine, ter splošnega interesa na drugi strani (sodbi z dne 8. septembra 2016, GS Media, C‑160/15, EU:C:2016:644, točka 31, in z dne 29. julija 2019, Pelham in drugi, C‑476/17, EU:C:2019:624, točka 32 in navedena sodna praksa).
65
Iz tega izhaja, da je treba za razlago in uporabo Direktive o avtorski pravici, zlasti njenega člena 3(1), to pravično ravnotežje poiskati tudi ob upoštevanju posebnega pomena interneta za svobodo izražanja in obveščanja, zagotovljeno s členom 11 Listine (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 8. septembra 2016, GS Media, C‑160/15, EU:C:2016:644, točka 45).
66
Kot je Sodišče večkrat presodilo, pojem „priobčitev javnosti“ v smislu tega člena 3(1) združuje dva kumulativna elementa, in sicer dejanje priobčitve dela in priobčitev tega dela neki javnosti, ter zahteva posamično presojo (sodba z dne 9. marca 2021, VG Bild‑Kunst, C‑392/19, EU:C:2021:181, točki 29 in 33 ter navedena sodna praksa).
67
Pri tej presoji je treba upoštevati več dodatnih meril, ki niso samostojna in so odvisna drugo od drugega. Ker so ta merila lahko glede na različne konkretne položaje podana v zelo različnem obsegu, jih je treba uporabiti posamično in v medsebojni interakciji (sodba z dne 9. marca 2021, VG Bild‑Kunst, C‑392/19, EU:C:2021:181, točka 34 in navedena sodna praksa).
68
Med temi merili je Sodišče na eni strani poudarilo bistven pomen vloge upravljavca platforme in namernost njegovega posredovanja. Ta namreč izvaja „dejanje priobčitve“, če ob popolnem zavedanju posledic svojega ravnanja svojim strankam omogoča dostop do varovanega dela, še zlasti, če te stranke brez tega posredovanja razširjanega dela načeloma ne bi mogle uživati (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 14. junija 2017, Stichting Brein, C‑610/15, EU:C:2017:456, točka 26 in navedena sodna praksa).
69
Sodišče je na drugi strani pojasnilo, da pojem „javnost“ zajema nedoločeno število morebitnih naslovnikov, poleg tega pa mora biti število oseb dovolj veliko (sodba z dne 28. oktobra 2020, BY (Fotografski dokaz), C‑637/19, EU:C:2020:863, točka 26 in navedena sodna praksa).
70
Sodišče je tudi opozorilo, da je v skladu z ustaljeno sodno prakso za „priobčitev javnosti“ potrebno, da se varovano delo priobči z uporabo posebne tehnične metode, ki se razlikuje od tistih, ki so bile uporabljene dotlej, ali če ne gre za tako metodo, da se priobči „novi javnosti“, torej javnosti, ki je imetnik avtorske pravice ni upošteval, ko je dovolil prvotno priobčitev svojega dela javnosti (sodba z dne 19. decembra 2019, Nederlands Uitgeversverbond in Groep Algemene Uitgevers, C‑263/18, EU:C:2019:1111, točka 70 in navedena sodna praksa).
71
V obravnavanem primeru je treba najprej navesti, da morebitno nezakonitih vsebin na zadevno platformo ne naloži upravljavec, temveč uporabniki, ki delujejo samostojno in na lastno odgovornost.
72
Poleg tega uporabniki platforme določajo, ali se vsebine, ki so jih naložili, prek te platforme dajo na voljo drugim spletnim uporabnikom, tako da ti lahko do njih dostopajo s kraja in v času, ki ga izberejo sami.
73
V zvezi s platformo za gostovanje in deljenje Uploaded namreč ni sporno, da se povezava za prenos, ki omogoča dostop do naložene vsebine, sporoči izključno uporabniku, ki je izvedel naložitev, in da ta platforma ne ponuja možnosti delitve te povezave in torej naložene vsebine z drugimi spletnimi uporabniki. Uporabnik mora tako za delitev te vsebine bodisi povezavo za prenos sporočiti neposredno osebam, ki jim želi omogočiti dostop do navedene vsebine, bodisi to povezavo objaviti na spletu, zlasti v blogih, na forumih ali v „zbirkah povezav“.
74
V zvezi s platformo za deljenje videov YouTube se zdi, da ta platforma, čeprav je njena glavna funkcija javno deljenje videov z vsemi spletnimi uporabniki, svojim uporabnikom omogoča tudi, da vsebine nanjo naložijo „zasebno“ in tako izberejo, ali in s kom želijo deliti te vsebine.
75
Zato je treba na eni strani ugotoviti, da uporabniki zadevnih platform iz postopkov v glavni stvari izvajajo „dejanje priobčitve“ v smislu sodne prakse, na katero je bilo opozorjeno v točki 68 te sodbe, če brez dovoljenja imetnikov pravic drugim spletnim uporabnikom prek teh platform omogočajo dostop do varovanih del, ki jih ti drugi spletni uporabniki ne bi mogli uživati brez posredovanja teh uporabnikov. Na drugi strani lahko šele v primeru, v katerem navedeni uporabniki naložene vsebine dajejo na voljo „javnosti“ v smislu sodne prakse, na katero je bilo opozorjeno v točki 69 te sodbe, z deljenjem te vsebine s katerim koli spletnim uporabnikom na platformi YouTube oziroma z objavo povezav za prenos, ki omogočajo dostop do navedenih vsebin na platformi Uploaded, na spletu, ti uporabniki in posledično upravljavec platforme, preko katere se to dajanje na voljo omogoči, izvedejo „priobčitev javnosti“ v smislu člena 3(1) direktive o avtorski pravici.
76
Predložitveno sodišče želi s prvim vprašanjem, postavljenim v obeh zadevah, izvedeti, ali upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek sam izvede „dejanje priobčitve“ poleg tistega, ki ga glede na posamezni primer izvede uporabnik te platforme.
77
V zvezi s tem je treba navesti, da ima upravljavec take platforme vlogo bistvenega pomena pri dajanju na voljo morebitno nezakonitih vsebin, ki ga izvajajo njegovi uporabniki. Prosto deljenje teh vsebin na spletu namreč ob neobstoju zagotavljanja in upravljanja take platforme ne bi bilo mogoče oziroma bi bilo vsaj bolj zapleteno (glej po analogiji sodbo z dne 14. junija 2017, Stichting Brein, C‑610/15, EU:C:2017:456, točki 36 in 37).
78
Vendar, kot izhaja iz sodne prakse, navedene v točkah 67 in 68 te sodbe, bistvenost vloge, ki jo ima upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek, ni edino merilo, ki ga je treba upoštevati v okviru zahtevane posamične presoje, temveč jo je treba, nasprotno, uporabiti v medsebojni interakciji s preostalimi merili, zlasti z merilom namernosti posredovanja takega upravljavca.
79
Če bi namreč že zgolj okoliščina, da je uporaba platforme nujna za to, da bi javnost lahko dejansko uživala delo, ali celo le, da ta platforma olajša to uživanje, samodejno povzročila, da se posredovanje upravljavca te platforme opredeli kot „dejanje priobčitve“, bi bilo vsako „nudenje fizičnih zmogljivosti, ki olajšajo ali omogočijo priobčitev“, tako dejanje, kar pa je v uvodni izjavi 27 Direktive o avtorski pravici, ki v bistvu povzema skupno izjavo, ki se nanaša na člen 8 MSOILAP, izrecno izključeno.
80
Zato je treba to, ali je treba to posredovanje ob upoštevanju posamičnega okvira opredeliti kot dejanje priobčitve, presoditi tako glede na pomembnost vloge, ki jo ima tako posredovanje upravljavca platforme pri priobčitvi, ki jo izvede uporabnik te platforme, kot tudi glede na namernost tega posredovanja.
81
V zvezi s tem iz sodne prakse, navedene v točki 68 te sodbe, izhaja, da lahko do tega, da se to posredovanje opredeli kot „dejanje priobčitve“, zlasti pripelje dejstvo, da se ravna ob popolnem zavedanju posledic svojega ravnanja, da bi se javnosti omogočil dostop do varovanih del.
82
Sodišče je v skladu s to sodno prakso razsodilo, da to, da se na spletu daje na voljo in upravlja platforma za deljenje The Pirate Bay, ki uporabnikom te platforme z indeksacijo metapodatkov glede varovanih del in z zagotavljanjem iskalnika omogoča, da ta dela lokalizirajo in jih delijo v okviru omrežja enakovrednih partnerjev (peer‑to‑peer), pomeni priobčitev javnosti. V zvezi s tem je Sodišče med drugim poudarilo, da so upravljavci platforme The Pirate Bay posredovali ob popolnem zavedanju posledic svojega ravnanja, da bi omogočali dostop do varovanih del, da so v blogih in na forumih, ki so na voljo na navedeni platformi, izrecno izražali svoj cilj, da se varovana dela dajo na voljo uporabnikom, in da so ti spodbujeni k temu, da takšna dela kopirajo (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 14. junija 2017, Stichting Brein, C‑610/15, EU:C:2017:456, točke 36, 45 in 48).
83
Da bi se ugotovilo, ali upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek pri nezakoniti priobčitvi varovanih vsebin, ki jo izvajajo uporabniki njegove platforme, posreduje ob popolnem zavedanju posledic svojega ravnanja, da bi drugim spletnim uporabnikom omogočil dostop do takih vsebin, je treba upoštevati vse elemente, ki so značilni za zadevni položaj in ki omogočajo, da se neposredno ali posredno izpeljejo sklepi o namernosti ali nenamernosti njegovega posredovanja pri nezakoniti priobčitvi navedenih vsebin.
84
V zvezi s tem so upoštevni elementi zlasti to, da tak upravljavec, čeprav ve ali bi moral vedeti, da na splošno uporabniki njegove platforme prek te platforme nezakonito dajejo varovane vsebine na voljo javnosti, ne izvaja ustreznih tehničnih ukrepov, ki se lahko od običajno skrbnega upravljavca v njegovem položaju pričakujejo za verodostojno in učinkovito zoperstavljanje kršitvam avtorske pravice na tej platformi, ter to, da ta upravljavec sodeluje pri izbiri varovanih vsebin, ki se nezakonito priobčijo javnosti, da na svoji platformi zagotavlja orodja, namenjena posebej nezakonitemu deljenju takih vsebin ali da vedé spodbuja taka deljenja, kar je lahko razvidno iz okoliščine, da je navedeni upravljavec sprejel poslovni model, ki uporabnike njegove platforme spodbuja k temu, da varovana dela na tej platformi nezakonito priobčijo javnosti.
85
Zgolj okoliščina, da upravljavec na splošno ve za nezakonito razpoložljivost varovanih vsebin na svoji platformi, pa ne zadostuje, da bi se štelo, da posreduje z namenom, da bi spletnim uporabnikom omogočil dostop do njih. Vendar bi bilo drugače, če ta upravljavec, čeprav ga je imetnik pravic opozoril, da je varovano delo prek njegove platforme nezakonito priobčeno javnosti, ne sprejme nemudoma ukrepov, ki so potrebni za to, da se onemogoči dostop do te vsebine.
86
Poleg tega, čeprav je pridobitnost zadevnega posredovanja upoštevna (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 14. junija 2017, Stichting Brein, C‑610/15, EU:C:2017:456, točka 29 in navedena sodna praksa), zgolj to, da upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek uresničuje pridobitni namen, ne omogoča niti ugotoviti namernosti njegovega posredovanja pri nezakoniti priobčitvi varovanih vsebin, ki so jo izvedli nekateri uporabniki te platforme, niti domnevati obstoja take lastnosti. Ponujanje storitev informacijske družbe s pridobitnim namenom namreč nikakor ne pomeni, da ponudnik takih storitev soglaša s tem, da tretje osebe te storitve uporabljajo za kršitev avtorske pravice. V zvezi s tem zlasti iz sistematike člena 8 Direktive o avtorski pravici, zlasti iz njegovega odstavka 3 v povezavi z uvodno izjavo 27 te direktive, izhaja, da za tiste, ki so zgolj ponudniki fizičnih zmogljivosti, ki olajšajo ali omogočijo priobčitev, in posrednike, katerih storitve tretja oseba uporablja za kršitev avtorske pravice, ni mogoče domnevati, da sami izvedejo dejanje priobčitve javnosti, tudi če praviloma delujejo s pridobitnim namenom.
87
Takšne domneve ni mogoče izpeljati iz sodbe z dne 8. septembra 2016, GS Media (C‑160/15, EU:C:2016:644).
88
Sodišče je namreč z razlago člena 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici, sprejeto v tej sodbi, omejilo odgovornost oseb, ki namestijo hiperpovezave do varovanih del, in sicer zaradi posebnega pomena, ki ga imajo take povezave za izmenjavo mnenj in informacij na spletu, ter težav pri preverjanju zakonitosti objave dela na drugem spletnem mestu. Sodišče je tako razsodilo, da je zagotavljanje hiperpovezave dejanje priobčitve javnosti v smislu člena 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici, če je oseba, ki je povezavo namestila, vedela ali bi morala vedeti, da ta povezava omogoča dostop do dela, ki je na spletu objavljeno nezakonito, da navedena povezava omogoča obiti omejevalne ukrepe, ki so sprejeti na spletnem mestu, na katerem je varovano delo, ali da se namestitev navedene povezave izvede s pridobitnim namenom, pri čemer mora tedaj oseba, ki je namestila povezavo, izvesti preverjanja, ki so potrebna, da se prepriča, da ni zadevno delo na spletnem mestu, na katero napotuje navedena povezava, objavljeno nezakonito (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 8. septembra 2016, GS Media, C‑160/15, EU:C:2016:644, točke od 44 do 55).
89
Položaj osebe, ki namesti hiperpovezavo, ki deluje na lastno pobudo in ki je ob tej namestitvi seznanjena z vsebino, do katere naj bi ta povezava napotovala, pa ni primerljiv s položajem upravljavca platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek, če ta ni konkretno seznanjen z varovanimi vsebinami, ki jih uporabniki naložijo na to platformo, in razen zgolj dajanja na voljo platforme ne prispeva k temu, da se javnosti dostop do takih vsebin omogoči ob kršitvi avtorske pravice. Zato razlage, ki jo je Sodišče uporabilo v navedeni sodbi, ni mogoče prenesti na takega upravljavca, da bi se ugotovila namernost njegovega posredovanja pri nezakoniti priobčitvi varovanih del javnosti v smislu člena 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici.
90
V zvezi z upravljavcema obeh zadevnih platform iz postopkov v glavni stvari mora predložitveno sodišče zlasti ob upoštevanju meril, naštetih v točki 84 te sodbe, ugotoviti, ali ti upravljavci sami izvajajo dejanja priobčitve varovanih vsebin, ki jih na njihovo platformo naložijo uporabniki te platforme, javnosti v smislu člena 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici.
91
Sodišče lahko temu sodišču kljub temu zagotovi nekaj pojasnil zlasti glede dejanskih elementov, na katere se nanašajo vprašanja.
92
V zadevi C‑682/18 je iz predložitvene odločbe razvidno, da družba YouTube ne posreduje pri ustvarjanju ali izbiri vsebin, ki jih uporabniki njene platforme naložijo na to platformo, in da ne izvede niti ogleda niti nadzora teh vsebin pred njihovo naložitvijo, ki se opravi po samodejnem postopku.
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Iz nje je razvidno tudi, da družba YouTube svoje uporabnike v splošnih pogojih uporabe in ob vsaki naložitvi jasno obvešča o prepovedi dajanja varovanih vsebin na to platformo ob kršitvi avtorske pravice. Poleg tega svoje uporabnike v „Smernicah za skupnost“ poziva k spoštovanju avtorske pravice. Prav tako je, če je video blokiran, ker je imetnik pravic nanj opozoril, uporabnik, ki ga je naložil, opozorjen, da bo v primeru ponovitve kršitve njegov račun blokiran.
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Poleg tega naj bi družba YouTube vzpostavila različne tehnične mehanizme, da bi na svoji platformi preprečila kršitve avtorske pravice in zagotovila njihovo prenehanje, kot so zlasti gumb za obvestitev ter poseben postopek označevanja za javljanje in zagotovitev odstranitve nezakonitih vsebin ter program za preverjanje vsebine in programa za prepoznavanje vsebine, ki olajšujejo ugotovitev in označitev takih vsebin. Tako je očitno, da je ta upravljavec uvedel tehnične ukrepe, katerih namen je verodostojno in učinkovito zoperstavljanje kršitvam avtorske pravice na svoji platformi.
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Poleg tega glede na navedbe predložitvenega sodišča družba YouTube sicer na eni strani na svoji platformi zadetke iskanj obdela v obliki lestvic in vsebinskih rubrik ter na drugi strani registriranim uporabnikom prikaže preglednico s priporočenimi videi, ki se ravna po videih, ki so si jih ti že ogledali, vendar namen teh lestvic, vsebinskih rubrik in preglednic s priporočenimi videi ni, da bi se olajšalo nezakonito deljenje varovanih vsebin, niti da bi se taka deljenja spodbujala.
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Prav tako družba YouTube sicer s svojo platformo ustvarja prihodke iz oglaševanja ter uporabnikom, ki so naložili vsebine, in imetnikom pravic na vsebinah, varovanih z avtorsko pravico, omogoča udeležbo pri teh prihodkih, vendar ni razvidno niti, da bi poslovni model te platforme temeljil na prisotnosti nezakonitih vsebin na tej platformi ali da je namen tega modela spodbujati uporabnike, naj naložijo take vsebine, niti, da bi bil glavni cilj ali glavna uporaba platforme YouTube nezakonito deljenje varovanih vsebin.
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V zadevi C‑683/18 je iz predložitvene odločbe razvidno, da družba Cyando, upravljavka platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek Uploaded, prav tako ne izvaja ustvarjanja, izbire, ogleda in nadzora vsebin, ki se naložijo na njeno platformo. Poleg tega svoje uporabnike v pogojih uporabe svoje platforme obvešča, da jim je prepovedano, da bi prek nje kršiti avtorsko pravico.
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Prav tako, kot je bilo navedeno v točki 73 te sodbe, to, da uporabniki na platformo Uploaded naložijo varovane vsebine, tem uporabnikom ne omogoča dajanja teh vsebin neposredno na voljo javnosti, ker je mogoče do naložene vsebine dostopati le s povezavo za prenos, ki je sporočena le uporabniku, ki je izvedel naložitev. Sporno tudi ni, da ta platforma sama po sebi ne omogoča deljenja te povezave in torej naložene vsebine z drugimi spletnimi uporabniki. Tako ne le, da družba Cyando ne zagotavlja orodij, namenjenih posebej olajšanju nezakonitega deljenja varovanih vsebin na svoji platformi ali spodbujanju takega deljenja, temveč ta platforma splošneje ne vsebuje nobenega orodja, ki bi drugim spletnim uporabnikom omogočalo prepoznavanje vsebin, ki so na njej shranjene, in do njih dostopati. Poleg tega družba Cyando ne sodeluje pri morebitni namestitvi povezav za prenos na tretje vire, kot so blogi, forumi ali „zbirke povezav“. Prav tako platforma za gostovanje in deljenje datotek, kot je Uploaded, ponuja svojim uporabnikom različne možnosti zakonite uporabe.
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Vendar družba Elsevier trdi, da datoteke z nezakonitimi vsebinami predstavljajo med 90 in 96 % datotek, do katerih je mogoče priti na platformi Uploaded, kar družba Cyando – ki trdi, da se le 1,1 % vseh datotek, ki so dejansko predmet ogledov, nanaša na vsebine, ki so varovane z avtorsko pravico, kar naj bi bilo 0,3 % skupne količine shranjenih podatkov – prereka.
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V zvezi s tem je treba na eni strani opozoriti, da lahko, kot je bilo navedeno v točki 75 te sodbe, šele če se uporabnik platforme odloči dati naloženo vsebino na voljo „javnosti“, ta uporabnik in posledično upravljavec platforme, preko katere se to dajanje na voljo omogoči, izvedeta „priobčitev javnosti“ v smislu člena 3(1) direktive o avtorski pravici. Na drugi strani je treba poudariti, da bi bila, če bi se izkazalo, da je glavna ali prevladujoča uporaba platforme, ki jo upravlja družba Cyando, nezakonito dajanje varovanih vsebin na voljo javnosti, ta okoliščina med elementi, ki so upoštevni za ugotovitev namernosti posredovanja tega upravljavca. Upoštevnost take okoliščine bi bila še toliko večja, če navedeni upravljavec ne bi izvajal ustreznih tehničnih ukrepov, ki se lahko od običajno skrbnega upravljavca v njegovem položaju pričakujejo za verodostojno in učinkovito zoperstavljanje kršitvam avtorske pravice na svoji platformi.
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Nazadnje, ne glede na utemeljenost trditve družbe Elsevier v zvezi z visokim deležem varovanih vsebin, ki se nezakonito priobčijo javnosti prek platforme Uploaded, bi lahko namernost posredovanja upravljavca te platforme izhajala iz tega – kar mora preveriti predložitveno sodišče – da poslovni model, ki ga je sprejel ta upravljavec, temelji na razpoložljivosti nezakonitih vsebin na njegovi platformi in da je njegov namen spodbujati uporabnike k deljenju takih vsebin prek te platforme.
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Glede na vse zgoraj navedene preudarke je treba na prvo vprašanje, postavljeno v obeh zadevah, odgovoriti, da je treba člen 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici razlagati tako, da upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek, na kateri lahko uporabniki nezakonito dajo varovane vsebine na voljo javnosti, ne izvaja „priobčitve“ teh vsebin „javnosti“ v smislu te določbe, razen če poleg zgolj dajanja na voljo platforme prispeva k temu, da se javnosti dostop do takih vsebin omogoči ob kršitvi avtorske pravice. Za to gre zlasti, če je ta upravljavec konkretno seznanjen z nezakonitim dajanjem varovane vsebine na voljo na njegovi platformi in je nemudoma ne zbriše ali onemogoči dostopa do nje, če navedeni upravljavec, čeprav ve ali bi moral vedeti, da na splošno uporabniki njegove platforme prek te platforme nezakonito dajejo varovane vsebine na voljo javnosti, ne izvaja ustreznih tehničnih ukrepov, ki se lahko od običajno skrbnega upravljavca v njegovem položaju pričakujejo za verodostojno in učinkovito zoperstavljanje kršitvam avtorske pravice na tej platformi, ali če sodeluje pri izbiri varovanih vsebin, ki se nezakonito priobčijo javnosti, na svoji platformi zagotavlja orodja, namenjena posebej nezakonitemu deljenju takih vsebin, ali vedé spodbuja taka deljenja, kar je lahko razvidno iz okoliščine, da je upravljavec sprejel poslovni model, ki uporabnike njegove platforme spodbuja k temu, da varovana dela na tej platformi nezakonito priobčijo javnosti.
Drugo in tretje vprašanje, postavljeni v zadevah C‑682/18 in C‑683/18
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Predložitveno sodišče z drugim in tretjim vprašanjem, postavljenima v obeh zadevah, ki ju je treba obravnavati skupaj, sprašuje, ali je treba člen 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju razlagati tako, da dejavnost upravljavca platforme za deljenje videov ali platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek spada na področje uporabe te določbe, če se ta dejavnost nanaša na vsebine, ki jih na njegovo platformo naložijo uporabniki te platforme. Če je odgovor pritrdilen, želi to sodišče v bistvu izvedeti, ali je treba člen 14(1)(a) te direktive razlagati tako, da mora ta upravljavec, da bi bil na podlagi te določbe izključen iz upravičenosti do oprostitve odgovornosti iz tega člena 14(1), vedeti za konkretna nezakonita dejanja svojih uporabnikov v zvezi z varovanimi vsebinami, ki so bile naložene na njegovo platformo.
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V skladu s členom 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju države članice zagotovijo, da ponudnik storitve, če se storitev informacijske družbe nanaša na shranjevanje podatkov, ki jih zagotovi prejemnik storitve, ni odgovoren za podatek, ki ga je shranil na zahtevo prejemnika storitve, pod pogojem, da ponudnik dejansko ne ve za nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek in mu glede odškodninskih zahtevkov niso znana dejstva ali okoliščine, iz katerih je očitno, da gre za nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek, ali da ponudnik, takoj ko za to izve ali se tega zave, nemudoma ukrepa in odstrani ali onemogoči dostop do podatka.
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V skladu z ustaljeno sodno prakso je treba to določbo razlagati ne le glede na njeno besedilo, ampak tudi sobesedilo in cilje, ki se uresničujejo z ureditvijo, katere del je (sodba z dne 26. januarja 2021, Szpital Kliniczny im. dra J. Babińskiego Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej w Krakowie, C‑16/19, EU:C:2021:64, točka 26 in navedena sodna praksa). Da bi lahko ponudnik spletne storitve spadal na področje uporabe te določbe, mora biti nujno „posredni ponudnik“ v smislu, ki ga je želel določiti zakonodajalec v okviru oddelka 4 poglavja II Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju. Iz uvodne izjave 42 te direktive je v zvezi s tem razvidno, da izjeme v zvezi z odgovornostjo, ki jih določa navedena direktiva, zajemajo zgolj primere, v katerih je dejavnost ponudnika storitev informacijske družbe bolj tehnična, samodejna in pasivna, kar pomeni, da navedeni ponudnik ne pozna niti ne more nadzorovati podatkov, ki se prenašajo ali shranjujejo (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 23. marca 2010, Google France in Google, od C‑236/08 do C‑238/08, EU:C:2010:159, točki 112 in 113).
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Zato je treba za preučitev, ali je lahko upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek na podlagi člena 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju oproščen odgovornosti v zvezi z varovanimi vsebinami, ki jih uporabniki nezakonito priobčijo javnosti prek njegove platforme, preučiti, ali je vloga, ki jo ima ta upravljavec, nevtralna, torej ali je njegovo ravnanje bolj tehnično, samodejno in pasivno, kar pomeni, da ne pozna niti ne more nadzorovati vsebin, ki jih shranjuje, ali pa ima navedeni upravljavec, nasprotno, dejavno vlogo, zaradi katere bi lahko poznal ali nadzoroval te vsebine (glej po analogiji sodbo z dne 12. julija 2011, L’Oréal in drugi, C‑324/09, EU:C:2011:474, točka 113 in navedena sodna praksa).
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V zvezi s tem je treba navesti, da se, če bi predložitveno sodišče v okviru preizkusa glede na člen 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici ugotovilo, da družbi YouTube ali Cyando poleg zgolj dajanja na voljo svoje platforme prispevata k temu, da se javnosti dostop do varovanih vsebin omogoči ob kršitvi avtorske pravice, zadevni upravljavec ne more sklicevati na oprostitev odgovornosti iz člena 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju.
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Kot je poudaril generalni pravobranilec v točkah od 138 do 140 sklepnih predlogov, vprašanje, ali tak upravljavec izvede „priobčitev javnosti“ v smislu člena 3(1) Direktive o avtorski pravici, sicer samo po sebi ni odločilno za presojo, ali se uporabi člen 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju. Vendar za takega upravljavca, ki poleg zgolj dajanja na voljo platforme prispeva k temu, da se javnosti dostop do takih vsebin omogoči ob kršitvi avtorske pravice, ni mogoče šteti, da izpolnjuje pogoje za uporabo iz zadnjenavedene določbe, na katere je bilo opozorjeno v točkah 105 in 106 te sodbe.
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Če bo predložitveno sodišče prišlo do nasprotne ugotovitve od tiste iz točke 107 te sodbe, je treba poleg okoliščine, navedene v točkah 92 in 97 te sodbe, da upravljavca platform iz postopka v glavni stvari ne izvajata ustvarjanja, izbire, ogleda in nadzora vsebin, ki se naložijo na njuni platformi, navesti, da dejstvo, na katero se sklicuje to sodišče, da upravljavec platforme za deljenje videov, kot je družba YouTube, izvaja tehnične ukrepe, katerih namen je, da se med videi, ki se priobčijo javnosti prek njegove platforme, odkrijejo vsebine, ki bi lahko kršile avtorsko pravico, ne pomeni, da ima ta upravljavec s tem dejavno vlogo, zaradi katere pozna ali nadzoruje vsebino teh videov, ker bi se sicer iz ureditve oprostitve odgovornosti iz člena 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju izključili ponudniki storitev informacijske družbe, ki sprejmejo ukrepe, katerih namen je natančno boj proti takim kršitvam.
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Poleg tega mora zadevni upravljavec spoštovati pogoje iz te določbe za to, da je oproščen odgovornosti.
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Za pogoj iz člena 14(1)(a) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju ni mogoče šteti, da ni izpolnjen že zgolj zato, ker se ta upravljavec na splošno zaveda, da se njegova platforma uporablja tudi za deljenje vsebin, ki lahko kršijo pravice intelektualne lastnine, in ker je torej abstraktno seznanjen z nezakonitim dajanjem varovanih vsebin na voljo na svoji platformi.
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Kot je namreč generalni pravobranilec navedel v točkah od 172 do 190 in 196 sklepnih predlogov, iz besedila, cilja in sistematike člena 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju ter iz splošnega okvira, v katerega se umešča, izhaja, da se položaja iz tega člena 14(1)(a), in sicer položaj, v katerem ponudnik storitev „dejansko […] ve za nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek“, in položaj, v katerem so takemu ponudniku „znana dejstva ali okoliščine, iz katerih je očitno, da gre za nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek“, nanašata na konkretne nezakonite dejavnosti in podatke.
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V zvezi s tem je treba poleg tega, da mora v skladu z besedilom člena 14(1)(a) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju nezakonitost dejavnosti ali podatkov izhajati iz dejanske seznanjenosti ali biti očitna, kar pomeni, da mora biti konkretno ugotovljena ali prepoznavna, navesti, da je ta člen 14(1), kot je razvidno iz uvodnih izjav 41 in 46 te direktive, izraz ravnotežja, ki se želi s to direktivo vzpostaviti med različnimi zadevnimi interesi, med katerimi je spoštovanje svobode izražanja, ki jo zagotavlja člen 11 Listine. Tako na eni strani ponudnikom zadevnih storitev v skladu s členom 15(1) navedene direktive ni mogoče naložiti splošne obveznosti za nadzor podatkov pri njihovem prenosu ali shranjevanju, pa tudi ne za dejavno raziskovanje okoliščin, na podlagi katerih se domneva, da gre za nezakonito dejavnost. Na drugi strani morajo ti ponudniki v skladu s členom 14(1)(b) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju, ko dejansko izvejo za nezakonite podatke, takoj ukrepati in odstraniti te podatke ali onemogočiti dostop do njih, in sicer ob spoštovanju načela svobode izražanja. Kot pa je poudarilo tudi predložitveno sodišče, lahko tak ponudnik izpolni te obveznosti le glede konkretnih vsebin.
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Pri tem okoliščina, da upravljavec platforme za spletno deljenje vsebin izvede samodejno indeksacijo vsebin, ki se naložijo na to platformo, da navedena platforma vsebuje funkcijo iskanja in da se na njej priporočajo videi glede na profil oziroma preference uporabnikov, ne more zadostovati, da bi se štelo, da je ta upravljavec „konkretno“ seznanjen z nezakonitimi dejavnostmi, do katerih je prišlo na tej platformi, ali z nezakonitimi podatki, ki so na njej shranjenimi.
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Natančneje v zvezi z drugim položajem iz člena 14(1)(a) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju, in sicer položajem, v katerem so „znana dejstva ali okoliščine, iz katerih je očitno, da gre za nezakonito dejavnost ali podatek“, je Sodišče ugotovilo, da zadostuje, da je zadevni ponudnik storitev tako ali drugače izvedel za dejstva ali okoliščine, na podlagi katerih bi moral skrben gospodarski subjekt ugotoviti zadevno nezakonitost in ukrepati v skladu s tem členom 14(1)(b) te direktive. S tem sta mišljena zlasti položaj, v katerem tak ponudnik odkrije obstoj nezakonite dejavnosti ali podatka na podlagi preizkusa, opravljenega na lastno pobudo, in položaj, v katerem je o obstoju take dejavnosti ali takega podatka obveščen. Čeprav v tem drugem primeru z obvestitvijo ne bi bila samodejno izključena oprostitev odgovornosti, določena v navedenem členu 14, saj se utegnejo obvestitve o domnevnih nezakonitih dejavnostih in podatkih izkazati za premalo natančne in utemeljene, je ta praviloma še vedno dejavnik, ki ga mora nacionalno sodišče glede na podatke, ki so tako sporočeni temu ponudniku, upoštevati pri presoji resničnosti njegovega védenja o dejstvih ali okoliščinah, na podlagi katerih bi moral skrben gospodarski subjekt ugotoviti nezakonitost (sodba z dne 12. julija 2011, L’Oréal in drugi, C‑324/09, EU:C:2011:474, točka 122).
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V tem okviru je treba navesti, da mora obvestitev o varovani vsebini, ki je bila nezakonito priobčena javnosti prek platforme za deljenje videov oziroma platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek, vsebovati dovolj elementov, da je upravljavcu te platforme omogočeno, da se brez poglobljene pravne preučitve prepriča o nezakonitosti te priobčitve in združljivosti morebitne odstranitve te vsebine s svobodo izražanja.
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Glede na vse zgoraj navedene preudarke je treba na drugo in tretje vprašanje, postavljena v obeh zadevah, odgovoriti, da je treba člen 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju razlagati tako, da dejavnost upravljavca platforme za deljenje videov ali platforme za gostovanje in deljenje datotek spada na področje uporabe te določbe, če ta upravljavec nima dejavne vloge, zaradi katere bi lahko poznal ali nadzoroval vsebine, naložene na njegovo platformo.
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Člen 14(1)(a) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju je treba razlagati tako, da mora tak upravljavec, da bi bil na podlagi te določbe izključen iz upravičenosti do oprostitve odgovornosti iz tega člena 14(1), vedeti za konkretna nezakonita dejanja svojih uporabnikov v zvezi z varovanimi vsebinami, ki so bile naložene na njegovo platformo.
Četrto vprašanje, postavljeno v zadevah C‑682/18 in C‑683/18
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Predložitveno sodišče s četrtim vprašanjem, postavljenim v obeh zadevah, sprašuje, ali je treba člen 8(3) Direktive o avtorski pravici razlagati tako, da nasprotuje temu, da lahko imetnik pravic zahteva izdajo sodne odredbe proti posredniku, katerega storitve je tretja oseba uporabila za kršitev te pravice, šele po tem, ko je bil ta posrednik opozorjen na tako kršitev in se ta kršitev ponovi.
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Iz predložitvenih odločb je razvidno, da se predložitveno sodišče s tem vprašanjem sprašuje, ali je uporaba ureditve „odgovornosti motitelja“ (Störerhaftung), ki je določena v nemškem pravu, za položaje, kot sta ta v zadevah v glavni stvari, združljiva s členom 8(3) Direktive o avtorski pravici, če bi bilo treba ugotoviti, da družbi YouTube in Cyando sami ne izvajata priobčitve nezakonitih vsebin, ki so jih naložili uporabniki njunih platform, javnosti in da spadata na področje uporabe ureditve oprostitve odgovornosti iz člena 14(1) Direktiva o elektronskem poslovanju.
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Predložitveno sodišče v zvezi s tem navaja, da so v skladu z njegovo sodno prakso posredniki, katerih storitve uporablja tretja oseba za kršitev pravice intelektualne lastnine, lahko toženi za opustitev kot „motitelji“. Tako je lahko v primeru take kršitve kot „motitelj“ tožen tisti, ki – čeprav ni storilec te kršitve ali udeleženec v ožjem smislu pri njej – namerno in z zadostno vzročno zvezo na kakršen koli način prispeva k navedeni kršitvi, medtem ko je pravno in dejansko imel možnost navedeno kršitev preprečiti. Za uveljavljanje „odgovornosti motitelja“ mora tako obstajati kršitev obveznosti ravnanja, katere obseg je odvisen od tega, ali in v kolikšni meri je mogoče od „motitelja“ razumno zahtevati, da preverja oziroma nadzoruje tretje osebe, da bi preprečil kršitve pravic intelektualne lastnine.
122
Predložitveno sodišče pojasnjuje, da je v položaju, v katerem je „motitelj“ ponudnik, katerega storitev se nanaša na shranjevanje podatkov, ki jih zagotovi uporabnik, načeloma mogoče proti temu ponudniku izdati odredbo o opustitvi le, če se po obvestitvi o jasni kršitvi pravice intelektualne lastnine ta pravica ponovno ali še naprej krši, ker navedeni ponudnik po obvestitvi ni nemudoma ukrepal tako, da bi odstranil zadevno vsebino ali blokiral dostop do nje in zagotovil, da se take kršitve ne ponovijo.
123
Poleg tega je iz predložitvenih odločb razvidno, da se ta ureditev uporablja le, če ponudnik storitev za kršitev do obvestitve o njej ni „vedel“ v smislu člena 14(1)(a) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju.
124
Iz tega izhaja, da želi predložitveno sodišče s četrtim vprašanjem, postavljenim v obeh zadevah, v bistvu izvedeti, ali je treba člen 8(3) Direktive o avtorski pravici razlagati tako, da nasprotuje temu, da lahko imetnik pravic izdajo sodne odredbe proti posredniku, katerega storitev je tretja oseba uporabila za kršitev pravice tega imetnika, ne da bi ta posrednik vedel za to kršitev v smislu člena 14(1)(a) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju, v skladu z nacionalnim pravom zahteva le, če je bil pred začetkom sodnega postopka navedeni posrednik o tej kršitvi predhodno obveščen in ta ni nemudoma ukrepal, da bi odstranil zadevno vsebino ali blokiral dostop do nje in zagotovil, da se take kršitve ne ponovijo.
125
V skladu s členom 8(3) Direktive o avtorski pravici, „[d]ržave članice zagotovijo, da imetniki pravic lahko zahtevajo sodno odredbo proti posrednikom, katerih storitve uporablja tretja stranka in s tem krši avtorske ali sorodne pravice“.
126
V skladu z ustaljeno sodno prakso mora pristojnost, ki je v skladu s to določbo podeljena nacionalnim sodiščem, tem sodiščem omogočiti, da takim posrednikom naložijo sprejetje ukrepov, ki se ne nanašajo le na prenehanje kršitev avtorskih ali sorodnih pravic, ki so že bile storjene z njihovimi storitvami informacijske družbe, temveč tudi na preprečevanje nadaljnjih kršitev (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 16. februarja 2012, SABAM, C‑360/10, EU:C:2012:85, točka 29 in navedena sodna praksa).
127
Kot je razvidno iz uvodne izjave 59 Direktive o avtorski pravici, so podrobna pravila za sodne odredbe, ki jih morajo določiti države članice v skladu s členom 8(3) te direktive, kot so podrobna pravila v zvezi s pogoji, ki morajo biti izpolnjeni, in postopkom, ki ga je treba uporabiti, prepuščeni nacionalnemu pravu (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 16. februarja 2012, SABAM, C‑360/10, EU:C:2012:85, točka 30 in navedena sodna praksa).
128
Vendar morajo biti pravila, ki jih uvedejo države članice, in njihova uporaba s strani nacionalnih sodišč v skladu s cilji Direktive o avtorski pravici (glej po analogiji sodbo z dne 7. julija 2016, Tommy Hilfiger Licensing in drugi, C‑494/15, EU:C:2016:528, točka 33 in navedena sodna praksa), omejitvami, ki izhajajo iz nje, in pravnimi viri, na katere se ta direktiva sklicuje. Tako v skladu z uvodno izjavo 16 navedene direktive ta pravila ne smejo posegati v določbe Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju v zvezi z odgovornostjo, natančneje v člena 12 in 15 te direktive (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 16. februarja 2012, SABAM, C‑360/10, EU:C:2012:85, točki 31 in 32 ter navedena sodna praksa).
129
Predložitveno sodišče v zvezi s tem navaja, da se s pogojem, določenim v nemškem pravu, da mora imetnik pravic, ki meni, da je bila njegova avtorska ali sorodna pravica kršena s priobčitvijo njegovega dela javnosti na prostoru za shranjevanje ponudnika storitev, najprej o tem obvestiti tega ponudnika, da mu omogoči, da zagotovi prenehanje te kršitve in prepreči njeno ponovitev, ne da bi bil pri tem izpostavljen zlasti sodnim stroškom, želi slediti logiki člena 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju in prepovedi, določeni v členu 15(1) te direktive, da bi se temu ponudniku naložila splošna obveznost nadzora podatkov pri njihovem shranjevanju oziroma dejavnega raziskovanja okoliščin, na podlagi katerih se domneva, da gre za nezakonito dejavnost.
130
V zvezi s tem je treba najprej ugotoviti, da člen 14 Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju od držav članic ne zahteva, da določijo tak pogoj.
131
Iz člena 14(3) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju v povezavi z uvodno izjavo 45 te direktive izhaja, da oprostitev odgovornosti, določena v tem členu 14(1), ne posega v možnost nacionalnih sodišč ali upravnih organov, da od zadevnega ponudnika zahtevajo ustavitev ali preprečitev kršitve, vključno z izbrisom nezakonitih podatkov ali onemogočenjem dostopa do njih. Iz tega izhaja, da je lahko ponudnik naslovnik odredb, ki se sprejmejo na podlagi nacionalnega prava države članice, čeprav izpolnjuje enega od alternativno navedenih pogojev iz navedenega člena 14(1), se pravi, tudi če se šteje, da ni odgovoren (sodba z dne 3. oktobra 2019, Glawischnig‑Piesczek, C‑18/18, EU:C:2019:821, točki 24 in 25).
132
Ob tem je treba poudariti, da člen 14(3) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju določa tudi možnost, da države članice določijo postopke, ki urejajo odstranitev ali onemogočenje dostopa do nezakonitih podatkov. Tako lahko države članice, čeprav morajo na podlagi člena 8(3) Direktive o avtorski pravici imetnikom pravic, na katere se nanaša ta direktiva, zagotoviti pravico do pravnega sredstva proti ponudnikom, katerih storitve tretje osebe uporabljajo za kršitev teh pravic, določijo postopek, ki ga je treba uporabiti pred uveljavitvijo te pravice do pravnega sredstva in s katerim se upošteva, da zadevni ponudnik na podlagi člena 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju ni odgovoren za zadevno kršitev.
133
V okviru takega predhodnega postopka lahko država članica določi pogoj, kot je ta iz točke 129 te sodbe. Namen takega pogoja je namreč, da se, čeprav omogoča odstranitev ali blokado nezakonitih podatkov, najprej od imetnika pravic zahteva, da ponudniku storitev omogoči, da nemudoma zagotovi prenehanje zadevne kršitve in prepreči njeno ponovitev, ne da bi bil ta ponudnik, ki v smislu člena 14(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju ni odgovoren za kršitev, neupravičeno izpostavljen sodnim stroškom in ne da bi bila nato imetniku pravic odvzeta možnost, da zahteva izdajo sodne odredbe proti navedenemu ponudniku na podlagi člena 8(3) Direktive o avtorski pravici, če navedeni ponudnik ne bi izpolnil obveznosti, ki so mu naložene.
134
Dalje, člen 15(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju državam članicam prepoveduje, da ponudniku storitev naložijo splošne obveznosti za nadzor podatkov pri njihovem shranjevanju ali za dejavno raziskovanje okoliščin, na podlagi katerih se domneva, da gre za nezakonito dejavnost.
135
Sodišče je že večkrat presodilo, da ukrepi, s katerimi se ponudniku naloži, naj izključno na svoje stroške uvede sisteme za filtriranje, ki obsegajo splošen in stalen nadzor za preprečitev vsakršne prihodnje kršitve pravic intelektualne lastnine, niso združljivi s členom 15(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju (glej v tem smislu sodbi z dne 24. novembra 2011, Scarlet Extended, C‑70/10, EU:C:2011:771, točke od 36 do 40, in z dne 16. februarja 2012, SABAM, C‑360/10, EU:C:2012:85, točke od 34 do 38).
136
Učinek pogoja, kakršen je ta, ki je z nemškim pravom določen za izdajo sodnih odredb, pa je prav ta, da se prepreči, da bi bil ponudnik, kot je upravljavec platforme za spletno deljenje vsebin, izpostavljen takim odredbam in z njimi povezanimi sodnimi stroški, čeprav pred začetkom sodnega postopka niti ni bil obveščen o tem, da je uporabnik te platforme kršil pravico intelektualne lastnine, in torej ni imel možnosti, da bi tako kršitev odpravil in sprejel ukrepe, ki so potrebni za preprečitev nadaljnjih kršitev. Če takega pogoja ne bi bilo, bi tak upravljavec moral za preprečitev tovrstnih kršitev in izognitev temu, da bi bil zaradi njih izpostavljen tem odredbam in tem stroškom, dejavno nadzirati vse vsebine, ki jih naložijo uporabniki navedene platforme.
137
V teh okoliščinah je treba šteti, da je pogoj, kot je tisti, ki je z nacionalnim pravom določen v postopkih v glavni stvari, združljiv s členom 15(1) Direktive o elektronskem poslovanju.
|
github_open_source_100_1_561 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /*jshint loopfunc: true */
window.chattizen = window.chattizen || {};
var chattizen = window.chattizen;
if (!Array.prototype.filter)
{
Array.prototype.filter = function(fun /*, thisArg */)
{
"use strict";
if (this === void 0 || this === null)
throw new TypeError();
var t = Object(this);
var len = t.length >>> 0;
if (typeof fun !== "function")
throw new TypeError();
var res = [];
var thisArg = arguments.length >= 2 ? arguments[1] : void 0;
for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
if (i in t)
{
var val = t[i];
// NOTE: Technically this should Object.defineProperty at
// the next index, as push can be affected by
// properties on Object.prototype and Array.prototype.
// But that method's new, and collisions should be
// rare, so use the more-compatible alternative.
if (fun.call(thisArg, val, i, t))
res.push(val);
}
}
return res;
};
}
(function($, Modernizr) {
"use strict";
var
html = $('html'),
showNav = $('#show-nav'),
maps = $('.map'),
corejs = $('#corejs'),
division = $('#division'),
sidebar = $('#sb'),
main = $('#main'),
noop = function() {},
protos = {
'li': $('<li />'),
'a': $('<a />')
};
chattizen.apiKeys = {
'google': corejs.data('google-api-key'),
'sunlight': corejs.data('sunlight-api-key')
};
chattizen.utils = {
'slugify': function(text) {
return String(text).toLowerCase().replace(/ +/g, '-').replace(/[^\w-]+/g, '');
}
};
showNav.on('click', function() {
html.toggleClass('show-nav');
showNav.blur();
});
Modernizr.load({
test: maps.length,
yep: ['/bower_components/leaflet/dist/leaflet.js', '/bower_components/leaflet/dist/leaflet.css'],
callback: {
'leaflet.js': function() {
maps.each(function() {
var
container = $(this),
map = window.L.map(container[0], {
center: [35.0456, -85.267],
zoom: 11,
zoomAnimation: false,
fadeAnimation: false
});
window.L.tileLayer('http://{s}.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/dryan.ib14dmok/{z}/{x}/{y}.png').addTo(map);
if(container.data('boundaries')) {
$.getJSON(
container.data('boundaries')
).done(function(data) {
var
geoJson = window.L.geoJson(window.topojson.mesh(data)).addTo(map);
map.fitBounds(geoJson.getBounds());
}).fail(function() {
container.remove();
});
} else {
$.getJSON(
'http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?json_callback=?',
{
street: container.data('street-address'),
city: container.data('locality'),
state: container.data('region'),
postalcode: container.data('postal-code'),
country: (container.data('country') || 'US').toLowerCase(),
email: '[email protected]',
format: 'jsonv2'
}
).done(function(data) {
if($.isArray(data)) {
data = data.shift();
}
if(data.lat && data.lon) {
map.setView([data.lat, data.lon], 15);
map.attributionControl.addAttribution(data.licence);
window.L.marker([data.lat, data.lon], {
clickable: false,
title: container.data('name') || ''
}).addTo(map);
} else {
container.remove();
}
}).fail(function() {
container.remove();
});
}
});
}
}
});
function ocdAPICall(ocd_id, callback, errCallback) {
$.getJSON(
['https://api.opencivicdata.org/ocd-division', ocd_id, '?apikey=', chattizen.apiKeys.sunlight, '&callback=?'].join('')
).done(callback || noop).fail(errCallback || noop);
}
function tableOfContents() {
var
headers = main.find(':header'),
i = headers.length,
toc = $('<nav id="toc" role="navigation" class="section" />'),
tocList = $('<ul />').appendTo(toc);
if(headers.length && sidebar.length) {
sidebar.prepend(toc);
toc.prepend('<p class="label">On this page</p>');
while(i--) {
var
header = $(headers[i]),
item = protos.li.clone(),
link = protos.a.clone();
if(!header.attr('id')) {
header.attr('id', chattizen.utils.slugify(header.text()));
}
link.attr({title: header.text(), href: '#' + header.attr('id')}).text(header.text());
item.append(link).prependTo(tocList);
}
}
}
tableOfContents();
})(window.jQuery, window.Modernizr); |
US-201929711008-F_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system
FIG. 1 is a perspective of a T-shaped threaded spacer for tile leveling system, with a threaded portion of the T-shaped threaded spacer;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system;
FIG. 3 is a right elevational view of the T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system;
FIG. 5 is a rear elevational view of the T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system;
FIG. 6 is a left elevational view of the T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system; and,
FIG. 7 is a bottom plan view of the T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system.
The broken away symbols in the drawings indicate that any portion of the article beyond what is shown forms no part of the claimed design.
CLAIM The ornamental design for a T-shaped threaded spacer for a tile leveling system, as shown and described..
|
github_open_source_100_1_562 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | // Copyright 2017 EPFL DATA Lab (data.epfl.ch)
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package squid
package feature
class RepeatedHoles extends MyFunSuite {
import TestDSL.Predef._
val e = code"HPair(HPair(1,1), HPair(1,1)).second".erase
test("Repeated Term Holes") {
e match {
case code"HPair[$tp]($p,p).second" =>
eqt(tp.rep, typeRepOf[HPair[Int]])
eqt(p, code"HPair(1,1)")
}
e match {
case code"HPair[$tp](p,$p).second" =>
eqt(tp.rep, typeRepOf[HPair[Int]])
eqt(p, code"HPair(1,1)")
}
}
test("Repeated Term and Type Holes") {
e match {
case code"HPair(HPair[$tn](n,n),HPair[tn]($n,n)).second" =>
eqt(tn.rep, typeRepOf[Int])
eqt(n, code"1")
}
e match {
case code"HPair($a:$t, $_).second" =>
eqt(t.rep, typeRepOf[HPair[Int]])
}
}
test("Repeated Term Holes in Different Contexts") {
// TODO remove the need to annotate the type of each occurrence of a repeated hole...
val p0 = code"val ls = List(1,2,3); ls ++ List(1,2,3)"
p0 matches {
case code"val x: List[Int] = $xs; ($e:List[Int]) ++ (xs:List[Int])" =>
(xs : Code[List[Int],{}]) eqt code"List(1,2,3)"
} and {
case code"val x: List[Int] = xs; ($e:List[Int]) ++ ($xs:List[Int])" =>
(xs : Code[List[Int],{}]) eqt code"List(1,2,3)"
}
val p1 = code"((x:Int) => (x+1,x:AnyVal), (y:Double) => (y.toInt+1,y:AnyVal))"
p1 match {
case code"((a:Int) => (($_:Int)+($body:Int), $_: AnyVal), (a:Double) => (($_:Int)+(body:Int), $_: AnyVal))" =>
eqt(body : Code[Int,{val a: AnyVal}], code"1")
// ^ `body` appears equal to itself in each context, so the LUB of the contexts should be used!
/* The following doesn't match because the current IR doesn't merge two variables of incompatible types
However, it could conceivably do so (provided it has some procedure to compute the least upper bound of two types) */
//case code"((a:Int) => ($_:Int, $body:AnyVal), (a:Double) => ($_:Int, body:AnyVal))" =>
//case code"((a:Int) => (($_:Int)+($body0:Int),$body1:AnyVal), (a:Double) => (($_:Int)+(body0:Int),body1:AnyVal))" =>
// println(body0,body1)
}
}
}
|
https://openalex.org/W2217691421_1 | Spanish-Science-Pile | Various open science | Escritos Contables y de Adm.,
ISSNterritorial
1853-2063,
Vol. 3 Nº 1,
Año 2012, pp.
127 ade…
153
Calidad
y desarrollo
sustentable:
Modelo
Calidad territorial y desarrollo sustentable:
Modelo de gestión para PyMEs de agroturismo
Territorial quality and sustainable development:
a management model for agritourisme´s
Durán, Reginai, Scoponi, Lilianaii, Bustos Cara, Robertoiii, De Batista, Marianelaiv,
Piñeiro, Verónicav, Casarsa, Fabianavi, Cordisco, Marinavii, Haag, M. Isabelviii,
Brandauer, Guillermoix, Presa, Ceciliax,
Colonnella, Julietaxi, Chaz Sardi, M. Celestexii
Fecha de recepción: 12/05/2012
Fecha de aceptación: 23/11/2012
Resumen
El presente trabajo procura diseñar las bases de un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad con
enfoque territorial, que en el marco del Desarrollo Rural Sustentable genere ventajas
competitivas para la actividad agroturística de Pymes integrantes del Grupo Cambio
Rural, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), “Cortaderas II” en el
SO bonaerense. Se trata de un estudio de caso, para el cual se relevó información a
través de entrevistas, encuestas y observación directa. El modelo se formula adaptando
los elementos, principios y valores del sello “Marca de Calidad Territorial” europeo e
i
Directora del proyecto, Departamento de Ciencias de la Administración, Universidad Nacional del Sur
(DCA-UNS), e-mail: [email protected].
ii
Co-Directora del proyecto, DCA-UNS, e-mail: [email protected].
iii
Departamento de Geografía y Turismo, Universidad Nacional del Sur, e-mail: [email protected].
iv
DCA-UNS, CONICET, e-mail: [email protected].
DCA-UNS, e-mail: veró[email protected].
vi
DCA-UNS, e-mail: [email protected].
vii
DCA-UNS, e-mail: [email protected].
viii
Departamento de Geografía y Turismo – Universidad Nacional del Sur, e-mail:
[email protected].
ix
DCA-UNS, e-mail: [email protected].
x
INTA EE Bordenave-Agencia de Extensión Rural Coronel Suárez, e-mail:
[email protected].
v
xi
xii
INTA EE Bordenave-Agencia de Extensión Rural Coronel Suárez, e-mail:[email protected]
Departamento de Economía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, e-mail: [email protected]
127
Durán, Scoponi, Bustos Cara, Haag, Casarsa, Piñeiro y otros
incorpora un proceso de certificación participativa considerando la experiencia de
Brasil, más cercana a la realidad argentina. Se concluye que los emprendimientos bajo
estudio se encuentran en condiciones de aplicar dicha propuesta por los logros
obtenidos en la dinámica de trabajo grupal, pudiendo así superar las dificultades de un
proceso individual de certificación de normas de calidad, para avanzar en esta etapa
cuando estén preparados.
Palabras claves
Territorio; Desarrollo Sustentable; Agroturismo; Pyme; Gestión de calidad
Abstract
This paper attempts to design the basis for a Quality Management System with a
territorial approach, which within the framework of Sustainable Rural Development
generates competitive advantages for Agritourism SME’s belonging to the Rural
Change Group, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, "Cortaderas II" in the
south west of the Buenos Aires province. In this case study, information was gathered
through interviews, surveys and direct observation. The model is formulated adapting
the elements, principles and values of the European "Territorial Quality Mark" and it
incorporates a participatory certification process considering the Brazilian experience,
which is similar to what happens in Argentina. We conclude that, due to their
successful group work dynamics, the enterprises under study are in a condition to
implement this proposal and can thus overcome the difficulties of undergoing an
individual certification process of quality standards in order to move on when they are
prepared.
Key words
Territory; Sustainable Development; Agritourism; SME´s; Quality management
JEL: M11, M14, Q01
Institución de apoyo financiero
El artículo se desprende de un Proyecto de Grupo de Investigación (PGI 24/C029)
financiado por la Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Universidad Nacional del
Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Directora: Durán, R, Codirectora: Scoponi, L. Dicho
128
Calidad territorial y desarrollo sustentable: Modelo de…
proyecto integra el Programa de Investigación: “El Agroturismo: una alternativa
sustentable”. Directora: Kent, P. (UNPSJB), Codirectora: Durán, R. (UNS)
1. Introducción
El agroturismo es el tipo de turismo rural en el cual la cultura rural se aprovecha
para promover el desarrollo local a partir del beneficio que ofrecen las áreas rurales y
los paisajes socioculturales como atracción turística. Si bien en el Sudoeste bonaerense
dicha actividad se encuentra poco desarrollada en virtud de su reciente incorporación,
existen algunos emprendimientos exitosos que surgieron ante la necesidad de mejorar
los beneficios económicos del productor agropecuario y de mantener las instalaciones
de los establecimientos rurales.
Varias Pymes, muchas de ellas familiares, se asociaron bajo el programa Cambio
Rural INTA (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria) que, encuadrado en el
Programa Federal de Apoyo al Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (ProFeDeR), promueve la
actividad turística y apunta a la diversificación de la economía de la familia rural en
pos del Desarrollo Territorial.
En el partido de Cnel. Suárez, provincia de Buenos Aires, el turismo rural brinda
la oportunidad de comenzar un proceso de desarrollo rural con enfoque en el territorio,
que sobre la base de las sinergias entre sus actores, aproveche las externalidades
positivas que surgen de la actividad y que tienen impacto en la dimensión ecológica,
económica y socio-cultural de la sustentabilidad.
El Grupo Cambio Rural “Cortaderas II” se formó en el año 2008 como una
reconversión del Grupo “Las Cortaderas”. Constituido formalmente en el año 2004,
fue pionero en su región y referente de otros grupos de turismo rural. Actualmente ha
incorporado nuevos integrantes y pretende aprovechar la experiencia del trabajo
grupal para avanzar en nuevos logros de puesta en valor de sus recursos. Inmersos en
un proceso de construcción de una identidad, consiguió consensuar ciertos valores
comunes que caracterizan el servicio de agroturismo ofrecido, sobre los cuales podría
formularse una estrategia competitiva con anclaje en el territorio que ponga de relieve
una calidad diferencial propia.
Surgen entonces los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Bajo qué diseño podría construirse
un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad (SGC) con enfoque territorial capaz de garantizar la
calidad diferencial de los servicios del grupo, que contemple las múltiples
dimensiones del Desarrollo Sustentable? ¿Cuál sería el papel del INTA? ¿Podría
repensarse su rol para dar continuidad a la labor de Cambio Rural en razón de tener
dicho programa un horizonte temporal limitado?
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Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo procura diseñar las bases de un modelo de Sistema
de Gestión de Calidad con enfoque territorial, que en el marco del Desarrollo Rural
Sustentable, genere ventajas competitivas para la actividad agroturística de los
emprendimientos bajo estudio y persiga como objetivo último, la mejora de la calidad
de vida y el fortalecimiento de los vínculos con la cultura local y el entorno físiconatural.
En su formulación se tomaron en consideración los elementos, principios y valores
del sello “Marca de Calidad Territorial” europeo y se propone su adaptación a nuestra
realidad regional con otra metodología, aunque bajo el mismo paradigma. Con este
fin, se analizó la experiencia de Brasil en procesos de certificación de calidad del
sistema agroalimentario, en virtud de haber avanzado más rápidamente que Argentina
en la adopción de los enfoques europeos sobre Ruralidad, Desarrollo Territorial y
Calidad agroalimentaria.
Asimismo constituye un avance de un proyecto de investigación más amplio, cuyo
objetivo general es identificar y evaluar los impactos de la actividad agroturística en el
partido de Cnel. Suárez, provincia de Buenos Aires, en virtud de las actividades
desarrolladas por el grupo de Cambio Rural “Cortaderas II”, para proponer el diseño
de un modelo de administración que viabilice su gestión agroturística en el marco del
Desarrollo Sustentable. Dichos emprendimientos fueron seleccionados como unidad
de análisis. No obstante, se busca idear un sistema de herramientas administrativas de
gestión sustentable que pueda extrapolarse a emprendimientos de agroturismo con otra
ubicación geográfica.
En este sentido, el proyecto se integra al Programa de Investigación “El
agroturismo: una alternativa sustentable”, conjuntamente con un proyecto de
investigación similar, desarrollado por docentes investigadores del Dpto.
Administración, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, (sede Trelew, Chubut) de la
Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Ello hará posible la
comparación y permitirá extraer conclusiones sobre las condiciones de aplicación del
modelo.
2. Marco teórico referencial
2.1. Multifuncionalidad y Desarrollo Agropecuario Sustentable
El concepto de Multifuncionalidad apareció en el debate público hacia fines de la
década del noventa, a partir de posturas de la Unión Europea (UE) y más
específicamente de Francia. Alude a las diferentes funciones que cumplen los
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productores en el medio rural y que abarcan el plano económico, ambiental, social y
cultural. Dicho concepto generó controversias en la discusión internacional sobre “las
consideraciones no comerciales de la agricultura” para el acuerdo agrícola de la
Organización Mundial del Comercio; especialmente porque muchos países en
desarrollo que producen alimentos de manera eficiente, consideran que su empleo
pretende justificar medidas proteccionistas que provocan distorsiones en el comercio
agroalimentario mundial. Independientemente de ello, varios autores (Gudynas, 2001;
Carneiro y Maluf, 2003; Cazzella, Bonnal, Maluf, 2009) consideran que la
Multifuncionalidad de la agricultura es un concepto que puede adaptarse a la realidad
latinoamericana y ser utilizado para evaluar sus implicancias en el Desarrollo
Agropecuario Sustentable.
Para Gudynas (2001) la Multifuncionalidad se expresa de diferentes maneras en
distintas regiones de América Latina. En algunos casos, las economías rurales
descansan en la producción campesina, mientras que en otros, los agentes son
productores agropecuarios con un perfil más tecnificado y empresarial.
Por otra parte, Carneiro y Maluf (2003) destacan que el enfoque de la
Multifuncionalidad permite colocar en un mismo plano de análisis, diversos elementos
y hechos sociales que componen el universo social del mundo rural, favoreciendo la
comprensión de la inserción de diferentes tipos de familias rurales en dicho universo.
Y más que eso, posibilita legitimar formas de producción y fuentes de renta
estrictamente no agropecuarias, aunque vinculadas al mundo rural, tales como el
agroturismo.
Resulta entonces interesante, reconocer de qué manera la incorporación del
turismo rural y particularmente del agroturismo en el Grupo “Cortaderas II”,
favoreció, o bien puede llegar a favorecer, otras funciones no directamente
relacionadas con la actividad productiva principal de sus integrantes y que hacen al
Desarrollo Sustentable. Siguiendo a Carneiro y Maluf (2003), el análisis persigue
abarcar las siguientes dimensiones: supervivencia socioeconómica de las familias;
promoción de la seguridad alimentaria de la sociedad y de las familias rurales;
mantenimiento del tejido social y cultural; y preservación de los recursos naturales y
del paisaje rural.
2.2. Identidad, Cultura, Patrimonio y Territorio como ventaja competitiva
Bustos Cara (2001) sostiene que identidad, cultura, patrimonio y territorio son
conceptos convergentes que abren para los estudios de turismo un campo de
investigación creciente cuando se orientan hacia los procesos sociales que los
sustentan. La identidad constituye un valor que da especificidad a los grupos
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humanos; como las imágenes se construye y se produce. La toma de conciencia de la
propia identidad es también un proceso complejo y sólo se da en circunstancias
particulares. En este sentido, el turismo impulsa y demanda procesos de identidad, ya
que necesita crear imágenes y representaciones que obligan a las personas a
preguntarse quiénes son. El turista pregunta y es necesario mostrarle, descubrir los
secretos que guarda la comunidad. En esta sociedad del turismo, se busca la propia
imagen, tratando de encontrar lazos entre el individuo y el territorio, transformando un
espacio neutro, en un espacio propio, al mismo tiempo que en un espacio de acogida.
En el caso del Sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, el turismo acrecienta
lentamente su rol protagónico en la economía y en la sociedad. Progresivamente, se
produce una valorización de circuitos y centros. Aún cuando no se ha superado la
pobre articulación con los corredores nacionales y a través de ellos, con los
internacionales, la dinámica adquirida genera expectativas adecuadas para aceptar los
desafíos que se vislumbran en el ámbito de la región.
El concepto de territorio invadió el conjunto de las ciencias sociales, incluida la
Geografía y la Economía. Debe entenderse por territorio: el lugar de creación de
recursos específicos, no tratándose solo de un reservorio pasivo de recursos. Es
necesario valorizar el patrimonio como portador de vectores simbólicos culturales e
históricos que confieren a la producción un carácter específico. Ahora bien, dicha
especificidad territorial no siempre está claramente reconocida y menos aún
transformada en valor. Esta transformación en valor puede denominarse
“patrimonialización de valores territoriales”. Es un proceso de apropiación colectiva
que conlleva asumirlo y, al mismo tiempo, requiere un reconocimiento externo
(Bustos Cara, 2004).
Bustos Cara, Oustry y Haag (2002) sostienen que en el Sudoeste bonaerense,
ámbito marginal de la región pampeana, el sistema productivo agropastoril extensivo
dio origen a los rasgos esenciales de la ruralidad tradicional. En él, la inmigración creó
un mosaico de tradiciones que aún pueden reconocerse y plantearse como formas de
diferenciación territorial.
Por ello, se considera que los abordajes antes analizados pueden emplearse para
explicar posibles fuentes de ventajas competitivas de los establecimientos bajo
estudio, en el marco de una administración socialmente responsable para el Desarrollo
Sustentable.
2.3. La Calidad en el Turismo Rural
En la actualidad, la Calidad constituye uno de los aspectos clave de la gestión del
turismo rural. Los turistas cada día son más exigentes, y en el mercado, la
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competencia es cada vez mayor. Existe gran número de empresas que ofrecen
servicios de turismo rural, servicios de similar atractivo y precios también semejantes.
Sin embargo, algunas empresas tienen mucha más aceptación que otras, siendo el
elemento diferenciador entre unas y otras lo constituye, frecuentemente, la calidad del
servicio que ofrecen. En efecto, la calidad de los servicios atrae a los clientes, pero,
sobre todo, ayuda a mantenerlos. Si las expectativas del cliente se realizan, estará
satisfecho, y volverá o recomendará el establecimiento o los servicios recibidos
(Solsona Monzonís, 2000).
La Calidad en el medio rural reconoce diferentes focos de aplicación, que pueden
darse a su vez de manera integrada (De Haro y Garrido, 2010):
a) Calidad de productos y servicios: propiedad que cumple las expectativas del
cliente. Puede traducirse en “signos de calidad”, que resumen información sobre
el producto en un logo, sigla, nombre o mención relativa a una o varias
características del producto que no son visibles en el mismo (Nicolas y
Valceschini, 1995). El objetivo es lograr una diferenciación cualitativa del
producto para tender a una competencia monopólica. Salva las asimetrías de
información con el consumidor, otorgándole la posibilidad de encontrar un
producto que mejor satisfaga sus preferencias, aumentando su disposición a
pagar por dicho valor diferencial. En esta concepción se encuadran los
“productos o servicios típicos” (Caldentey y Muñoz, 1996).
b) Calidad de procesos y empresas, referida a la calidad en la gestión. Implica la
organización y la planificación de la mejora de la empresa en todas y cada una
de las actividades que se realizan en ella. Dentro de sus diferentes tipos, la
tendencia se orienta a la búsqueda de la Calidad Total, es decir, de la empresa
como un todo, para satisfacer al cliente mediante un proceso de mejora
continua. La familia de normas ISO 9000 (gestión de la calidad) y 14000
(gestión ambiental) son reconocidas como normas “genéricas” de sistemas de
gestión, puesto que son aplicables a cualquier organización. Establecen los
requisitos para un sistema de gestión y contra los cuales se puede certificar un
sistema. Esto significa que el sistema ha sido auditado respecto a los requisitos
de la norma, por un organismo de certificación o de registro especializado.
En la Argentina, específicamente para turismo rural, está vigente desde el
24/06/2009 la Norma IRAM SECTUR (Secretaría de Turismo de la Nación)
42250 para Sistemas de Gestión de la calidad, la seguridad y el ambiente en
Alojamientos Rurales. Asimismo, en el orden provincial, también se encuentra
la Disposición 1/09 del Organismo Provincial para el Desarrollo Sostenible
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(OPDS), enero de 2009, B.O.: 23/1/2009- que dispone aprobar el Programa de
Certificación de Alojamientos Turísticos Sustentables.
c) Calidad de Territorios: surge como nuevo paradigma para responder a los
desafíos de la globalización, las nuevas y mayores demandas de los
consumidores y los cambios en las políticas públicas. El futuro de los territorios
rurales dependerá de cómo se organicen y jueguen su papel en este nuevo
espacio. La competitividad pasa a ser territorial, y persigue la diferenciación de
los territorios sobre la base de atributos de calidad tangibles e intangibles
ligados al funcionamiento del territorio.
La UE desarrolló y concretó un proyecto de “Marca de Calidad Territorial”, bajo
el logotipo “Calidad Rural” que en el año 2010 abarcaba una red de 23 territorios: 15
en España, 2 en Italia, 1 en Francia y 5 en Grecia. Dicho proyecto comprende 2
niveles: un nivel territorial de marcas específicas y un nivel supraterritorial para
competir en mercados globalizados, dado por la marca “Calidad Rural”. Participan
transversalmente todos los sectores públicos y privados de los diferentes territorios. La
certificación la otorga un organismo en el cual dichos actores están representados, con
el asesoramiento de un comité científico.
La experiencia europea resulta interesante para evaluar su posible adaptación al
contexto argentino. Para lo cual se tendrá en cuenta la información relevada en nuestra
región bajo estudio.
3. Aspectos metodológicos
La investigación se plantea desde su concepción, como un proyecto de desarrollo
de un modelo de administración socio-ambiental aplicada. Se trata de un estudio de
caso (Yin, 1994), donde la unidad de análisis es el Grupo de Cambio Rural INTA
“Cortaderas II”, el cual desarrolla actividades de agroturismo en el partido de Cnel.
Suárez, provincia de Buenos Aires. Está conformado por cinco miembros con predio
rural: Casa de Campo “Matietxe”, Restaurante de campo y granja educativa “El
Gringo Viejo”, Establecimiento “Santa Ana”, Establecimiento “Aires de Kmpo” y
“Corral de Piedra”. A los que se agregan cuatro emprendedores que complementan la
oferta turística del grupo: “Isidoro” Espacio de arte, un músico, un fotógrafo y una
guía de turismo, siendo en total nueve miembros.
Las actividades desarrolladas para cumplir el objetivo planteado han sido:
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a) Relevamiento de información diagnóstica secundaria que dispone el INTA
sobre los establecimientos agroturísticos que integran el Grupo de Cambio
Rural “Cortaderas II”.
b) Visitas de reconocimiento y observación directa de los aspectos e impactos
socio-ambientales y económicos en los establecimientos bajo estudio.
c) Entrevistas personales semi-estructuradas, de tipo grupal e individual, a los
responsables del Grupo de Cambio Rural “Cortaderas II”.
d) Relevamiento documental y normativo de legislación, programas y
disposiciones que regulan y/o promueven el turismo rural en la región bajo
estudio.
e) Encuestas y entrevistas semi-estructuradas personales con funcionarios del
INTA.
f) Encuestas a funcionarios municipales relacionados con el sector.
g) Procesamiento, análisis y evaluación de la información recopilada.
h) Identificación de puntos críticos y situaciones/problemas.
i) Diseño de un Modelo de Sistema de Gestión de Calidad (SGC) con enfoque
territorial.
4. Resultados y discusión
4.1. Situación de los miembros del grupo para la adopción de un SGC
La estrategia de intervención del INTA, a través de los grupos Cambio Rural, se
diseñó para colaborar con los pequeños y medianos empresarios agropecuarios. Se
centró en la asistencia técnica, aplicando una metodología participativa de trabajo
grupal, donde se integran técnicos y emprendedores en pos de fortalecer aspectos de la
gestión empresarial y su integración al medio agroindustrial y/o al sector comercial.
Se busca además consolidar las estructuras, con la finalidad de permitir mejorar el
negocio agropecuario y facilitar la diversificación del ingreso, conformando junto a
otros actores, redes de conocimiento, innovación y contención social.
El Programa Cambio Rural del INTA se desarrolla en el marco del Programa
Federal de Apoyo al Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (ProFeDer) y del Programa
Nacional de Apoyo al Desarrollo de los Territorios (PNADT), bajo el enfoque del
Desarrollo Territorial. Este enfoque se formula sobre el concepto de “territorio de
desarrollo”, como proceso de construcción social que busca fortalecer las capacidades
locales, de manera que sea la propia comunidad la que defina la estrategia a seguir
para mejorar la situación socioeconómica de la región. Las estrategias del Programa
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Cambio Rural fomentan, en el proceso, la participación de los diferentes actores:
organizaciones e instituciones presentes en el territorio, tanto del sector público como
del privado y de la sociedad civil. A través de la articulación y la cooperación, se
pretende la construcción de objetivos compartidos y el surgimiento de un proyecto
colectivo que la comunidad sienta como propio. La identidad territorial emerge como
elemento relevante del Desarrollo Rural Territorial. Este enfoque del desarrollo
implica una visión integral del medio rural, con una lógica territorial, es decir, toma en
consideración todas las dimensiones de la realidad local (social, económica, políticoinstitucional, cultural, medioambiental) y toda la población de un territorio.
En el Grupo “Cortaderas II” participan productores agropecuarios junto a otro tipo
de emprendedores que se involucran en actividades de turismo rural. Mediante una
labor conjunta entre un asesor técnico privado y profesionales del INTA, se llevaron a
cabo acciones de asistencia técnica, capacitación, acceso a información para la toma
de decisiones, promoción y difusión, intercambios con otros grupos del Programa
Cambio Rural, labores coordinadas con instituciones de la sociedad civil, etc. El
trabajo grupal de “Cortaderas II” permitió, por un lado, el aumento de la circulación
de información (confrontación de ideas, contacto con la realidad de otras empresas,
conocimiento de otras alternativas) y el incremento de la capacitación empresaria, y
por otro, la generación y afianzamiento de relaciones afectivas que posibilitan que el
grupo sea un referente para sus miembros y funcione como un ámbito de contención a
los problemas. Ello es, en parte, lo que origina una posibilidad de cambio, desde
sencillas modificaciones en las prácticas de manejo, hasta la diversificación o
integración vertical. Se avanzó así en la modificación de los comportamientos
tradicionalmente individualistas de los productores. El grupo potencia los canales de
diálogo, las instancias de reflexión entre los miembros acerca de sus propias prácticas
y es precisamente la reflexión, la que ha permitido modificar la visión de las cosas y la
forma de actuar y percibir como factibles, cambios no contemplados hasta ese
momento.
En este sentido, si bien el grupo está trabajando en la construcción de una
identidad, avanzó en el consenso de ciertos valores comunes que caracterizan el
servicio de agroturismo ofrecido, tales como: Diversidad y autenticidad sociocultural,
Hospitalidad, Conciencia ambiental y Gastronomía casera o artesanal.
También se puede observar que no todos los integrantes del grupo evidencian el
mismo grado de progreso, ya que algunos se encuentran más cercanos que otros a un
proyecto de gestión formal de su emprendimiento. Estas circunstancias resultan
propicias para iniciar una mayor profesionalización en el management y en el
desarrollo de estrategias de marketing que contribuyan a reforzar el reconocimiento
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interno de la identidad, en pos de su percepción y posicionamiento externo, apoyadas
en el territorio como fuente de ventajas competitivas.
Por otra parte, las características de los integrantes del Grupo “Cortaderas II”
hacen que sea muy difícil la implementación rápida de normas de calidad vigentes, ya
que se trata de pequeños emprendimientos que están en una etapa de crecimiento y
consolidación. Individualmente les sería imposible llevar a cabo una certificación
adecuada de sus sistemas de gestión de la calidad, la seguridad y el ambiente, por
varios motivos:
x Baja adecuación actual de los integrantes a las normas de calidad.
x Excesiva carga documental del proceso.
x Costos significativos en relación a la rentabilidad.
x Baja incidencia de la valoración de la calidad y la imagen de marca en el
mercado turístico rural.
Sin embargo, del trabajo de campo se observan condiciones favorables:
x Se manifiesta un compromiso directivo individual, que luego se reafirma en la
aceptación grupal de introducción de mejoras en el servicio.
x El 67% de los integrantes del Grupo reside en el predio donde desarrollan la
actividad agroturística, lo cual facilita la supervisión y realización de nuevas
prácticas.
x En el 83% de los establecimientos trabaja el titular con la colaboración del
grupo familiar, sin contar con empleados. Esto favorece la rápida adopción de
los principios de la calidad por parte de todos los miembros involucrados en la
prestación del servicio y la identificación con los valores de la cultura rural
que se pretenden transmitir a turistas/recreacionistas.
x La dinámica grupal lograda a través del Programa Cambio Rural (INTA),
brinda un ambiente propicio para la comunicación de obstáculos y el
intercambio de experiencias y opiniones en el proceso de puesta en marcha del
Sistema de Gestión de Calidad.
Así se establecieron los siguientes objetivos para el corto plazo, vinculados a la
gestión de calidad del servicio:
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x Mejorar la calidad en la prestación de servicios y productos, fortaleciendo la
formación de recursos humanos;
x Colaborar en la construcción de procedimientos consensuados para la gestión
de la calidad;
x Contribuir al desarrollo local a través de la mejora en la oferta integrada de
servicios y productos en turismo rural y,
x Apoyar la elaboración de un Manual de Buenas Prácticas para la prestación de
servicios de turismo rural.
El concepto de competitividad se repiensa, en el sentido de generar ventajas a
partir de productos y servicios de calidad, diferenciados territorial y culturalmente
para atraer a los visitantes. Entendido de este modo, el turismo rural surge como una
estrategia de desarrollo local, teniendo en cuenta que la relación entre identidad,
calidad y competitividad es directa y determinante para su logro.
4.2. Limitaciones y posibilidades del Modelo Europeo de Calidad
Territorial
Una “Marca de Calidad Territorial” implica que se observen ciertos valores que
hacen a la sustentabilidad:
1. Sociales: Respetar criterios de calidad social laboral, fomentar la
participación y apostar por la formación continua e igualdad de
oportunidades. Esto se identifica en:
x La capacitación de los integrantes del Grupo “Cortaderas II”.
x La prioridad por la selección de mano de obra local.
x La integración de la mujer y la familia a la actividad agroturística.
x La cooperación en la dinámica de trabajo grupal.
x La consulta y búsqueda del consenso en la toma de decisiones, tanto dentro
del grupo, como en cada emprendimiento.
2. Económicos: Compromiso con la calidad, con el uso de los recursos
locales, con una gestión empresarial y apostar por la innovación. Se
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observan todos, aunque la calidad y la gestión empresarial presentan, aún,
debilidades a superar.
3. Ambientales: Criterios de respeto hacia el medio ambiente en la
producción, políticas de preservación de los recursos, y medidas de
sensibilización, las que se encuentran presentes como valores del grupo.
De la evaluación de los elementos, principios y valores de la “Marca de Calidad
Territorial” que caracterizan el modelo europeo, puede advertirse que si bien en el
partido de Cnel. Suárez existen ciertas condiciones, se plantean algunas limitantes o
restricciones para adoptar una propuesta similar con el alcance y forma de
organización institucional que ha desarrollado la UE. De ahí surge la posibilidad de
adaptar dicho enfoque a nuestra realidad regional y nacional, con otra metodología,
aunque bajo el mismo paradigma de territorio como eje de una estrategia competitiva
y socialmente responsable para el Desarrollo Sustentable de los emprendimientos de
agroturismo “Cortaderas II”.
A los fines de su adaptación, se considera también relevante tomar en cuenta la
experiencia de Brasil en procesos de certificación de calidad del sistema
agroalimentario. Puesto que avanzó más rápidamente que la Argentina en la adopción
de los enfoques europeos sobre Ruralidad, Desarrollo Territorial y Calidad
agroalimentaria. En Brasil se acepta la necesidad de que haya mecanismos de
certificación que estimulen la producción responsable, entre los que se destaca la
certificación socio-ambiental. La certificación es un instrumento que garantiza
determinadas características de productos o procesos y puede ser entendida como una
herramienta de mercado. No obstante, también puede contribuir a los cambios socioambientales, transformándose en un instrumento de gobernanza. En este caso, los
consumidores optan por productos o servicios que provienen de procesos
comprometidos con el desarrollo sustentable, influenciando a su vez en su forma de
obtención (Guedes Pinto, 2008).
Un planteo interesante es el “Sistema de Certificación Participativa” que aplica la
Red EcoVida de productos orgánicos en Brasil, el cual persigue crear un mecanismo
de acreditación de conformidades más adaptado a la realidad económica y social de
pequeños productores, sin descuidar las exigencias del mercado consumidor. Se trata
de un proceso de generación de credibilidad que presupone la participación solidaria
de todos los segmentos interesados en asegurar la calidad del producto final y de sus
procesos. El atributo “en red” expresa el reconocimiento mutuo de la credibilidad
generada en distintos espacios. La Certificación Participativa en Red es la resultante
de una dinámica social que surgió a partir de la integración de los actores
139
Durán, Scoponi, Bustos Cara, Haag, Casarsa, Piñeiro y otros
comprometidos e involucrados con la producción, consumo y difusión de los
productos a ser certificados (Meirelles, 2008).
4.3. Propuesta de un Modelo de SGC con enfoque territorial
4.3.1. Objetivos y alcance
Siguiendo a Silva Lima y Toledo (2005), el primer paso para desarrollar un
SGC debe ser determinar su objetivo principal, que para el modelo propuesto
es
…viabilizar la gestión de la calidad de los emprendimientos de turismo rural
independientemente de los servicios y productos que ofrezcan, de modo de
contribuir a garantizar la calidad y la mejora continua de sus procesos de
servicios y gerenciales, en el marco del territorio al que pertenecen.
El modelo se plantea como una herramienta capaz de fortalecer la confianza de los
usuarios en los productos y servicios, así como otros resultados territoriales o locales
de los emprendimientos de turismo rural bajo análisis.
Este proceso de gestión de calidad se enmarca en los principios de Calidad
Territorial y Desarrollo Sustentable, es decir, apunta a que los emprendimientos sean
socialmente responsables, que sus productos o servicios cumplan con los requisitos de
calidad y que estén ligados al territorio.
El SGC propuesto tiene como principales destinatarios a los miembros del Grupo
“Cortaderas II” y extensionistas del INTA del Programa Cambio Rural (Asesor
Promotor y Agente de proyecto), asimismo es extensivo a otros grupos de turismo
rural del Sudoeste bonaerense. No obstante, persigue ser un modelo adaptable a todos
los miembros de un territorio que busquen brindar servicios turísticos ligados a este,
aún cuando intervengan otras instituciones participantes.
De acuerdo a la estructura de distintos SGC como los desarrollados por Silva Lima
y Toledo (2005), De Haro y Garrido (2010), familia de Normas ISO 9000, norma
Argentina IRAM-SECTUR 42250, entre otros, este modelo de SGC con enfoque
territorial se basa en un abordaje por procesos, donde cualquier emprendimiento de
turismo rural puede ser considerado como constituido por un conjunto de procesos que
forman parte de una cadena, en donde cada eslabón es un proveedor interno de su
actividad subsecuente y a su vez cliente del eslabón anterior.
140
Calidad territorial y desarrollo sustentable: Modelo de…
4.3.2. Estructura operativa del modelo: Certificación participativa
Las condiciones observadas en los grupos de Cambio Rural permiten plantear la
posibilidad de certificar el turismo rural a través de la construcción de un Sistema
Participativo de Garantía (SPG) por medio de la gestión del Asesor Promotor,
buscando alcanzar la excelencia empresarial en materia de calidad. En la dinámica de
grupo se advierte que se cumplen los principios básicos de un SPG, entre los que se
encuentran:
a) La existencia de una visión compartida: está basada en la confianza de que
cada uno de los agentes vinculados al grupo irá a desempeñar sus acciones de
forma responsable con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad del turismo rural.
b) La participación activa de todos los miembros del grupo: permitirá hacer
eficiente la aplicación y el control de principios y normas. De esta manera, se
garantiza la credibilidad de la calidad del servicio como consecuencia de la
participación.
c) La existencia de transparencia: posibilita que todos los miembros del grupo
conozcan claramente cómo funciona la operatoria dentro del mismo. Así se
facilita que cada miembro sepa los criterios con los cuales se toman las
decisiones sobre la calidad del servicio de turismo rural, especialmente las
razones por las cuales el grupo no logre alcanzar la certificación.
d) La existencia de un proceso de aprendizaje: favorece la construcción de una
red de conocimiento formada por todos los agentes involucrados. De este
modo, se genera un ambiente propicio para la comunicación de obstáculos y el
intercambio de experiencias en los procesos que se lleven adelante en el grupo
relacionados a la calidad, como el que actualmente se fomenta para cumplir
los objetivos del programa Cambio Rural.
e) La horizontalidad: todos los agentes comparten el poder. Los miembros del
grupo cuentan con el mismo grado de responsabilidad y capacidad en cada
tarea.
La Figura 1 presenta cómo sería el esquema operativo de certificación de los
servicios de agroturismo en un SPG, realizando una adaptación de la modalidad
difundida en Brasil para su aplicación a grupos de Cambio Rural.
141
Durán, Scoponi, Bustos Cara, Haag, Casarsa, Piñeiro y otros
Figura 1. Evaluación de conformidad o certificación en Sistemas Participativos de Garantía
aplicado al caso de estudio
REGLAS O NORMAS ESTABLECIDAS
Declaración de
conformidad
Mecanismos de verificación de conformidad
Etapa 1
Etapa 2
Declaración del
productor
(Declaración
j d )
Verificación
por pares del
Grupo
( ii
Etapa 3
IMPRESCINDIBLES
Verificación
por otros
Grupos
( i d
Verificación
por otras
partes
DESEABLES
DECLARACIÓN DEL PRODUCTOR CON CONTROL SOCIAL
Fuente: Adaptado de Meirelles (2007).
Se puede observar una integración total del mismo. Esta situación tiene lugar, como
consecuencia que el proceso de verificación de conformidad se completa con la
participación de otros productores no vinculados al grupo, así como también con la
intervención de actores sociales, como pueden ser representantes del Estado o del
mercado consumidor.
En una primera etapa y de manera consensuada, el grupo debe definir un Manual
de Buenas Prácticas del Turismo Rural (MBPTR), que establezca los puntos críticos
para garantizar la calidad de los servicios prestados, es decir, todos los aspectos claves
que a juicio del turista/recreacionista satisfacen sus necesidades y expectativas y
revelan una percepción de superioridad o excelencia.
Dentro de esta etapa inicial del proceso de verificación de conformidad y teniendo
en cuenta las pautas establecidas en el MBPTR, cada miembro del grupo firmará una
declaración jurada. En ella constará que se encuentra en conformidad con las normas
establecidas en el manual. Así el productor se compromete de manera fehaciente a
participar durante todo el proceso de certificación de calidad. Esta declaración no
inhabilita a los miembros del grupo a presentar sugerencias con el fin mejorar el
manual. Sólo indica que es necesario en este tipo de sistemas, que se cuente con el
consenso y la conformidad de todos sus miembros. Todas las actividades que se
142
Calidad territorial y desarrollo sustentable: Modelo de…
desarrollen durante esta etapa deberán ser impulsadas y generadas por el Asesor
Promotor.
En una segunda etapa, teniendo en cuenta que el primer nivel de certificación es el
productor y posteriormente el compromiso de su familia, tomando como base el
MBPTR y los indicadores definidos para evaluar la calidad, cada establecimiento
realizará una autoevaluación en cuanto a la calidad, con la ayuda y supervisión del
Asesor Promotor. De esta manera, cada uno de los productores compartirá su
experiencia con los restantes miembros del grupo y con el Asesor Promotor. A partir
de las experiencias y del asesoramiento del Asesor Promotor, cada integrante
establecerá su plan de mejora, el cual le permitirá ajustar aquellos aspectos que debe
aún optimizar vinculados a la calidad del servicio que brinda. De esta manera se
realiza una verificación de conformidad por otros pares, ya que a través de la opinión
del resto del grupo, se producirá un proceso de aprendizaje sobre cómo mejorar la
calidad. Esta es una fase de información, formación y compromiso de cada uno de los
miembros del grupo. A través de cursos de capacitación, asistencias técnicas, planes
de mejora y el intercambio de experiencias, cada integrante logra establecer cuáles son
los mecanismos de acción necesarios para culminar la etapa de verificación de
conformidad sin inconvenientes.
Con el cumplimiento de estas dos etapas iniciales, se logra cierta credibilidad
sobre las Buenas Prácticas del Turismo Rural dentro del grupo y pueden cubrirse las
acciones que se consideran imprescindibles dentro de un SPG. De esta manera, la
tarea del productor está respaldada por su familia y por el grupo del cual forma parte
(Figura 2).
Figura 2. Desarrollo de Credibilidad de Buenas Prácticas del Turismo Rural dentro del Grupo
“Cortaderas II”
C
R
E
D
I
B
I
L
I
D
A
D
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
143
Durán, Scoponi, Bustos Cara, Haag, Casarsa, Piñeiro y otros
El Asesor Promotor considerará si el grupo se encuentra en condiciones de recibir
un sello de calidad a nivel grupal (“Calidad Territorial Turismo Cortaderas”) que
certifique que todos sus miembros están comprometidos en mejorar la calidad de los
servicios prestados por sus establecimientos sobre la base de las buenas prácticas
consensuadas y elevará esta propuesta al Agente de Proyecto regional para su
evaluación y en su caso otorgamiento, previa auditoría.
En una tercera etapa, el Asesor Promotor propondrá la evaluación externa al
proceso de verificación de conformidad. En esta fase, los responsables de evaluar la
calidad de los servicios prestados por el grupo serán representantes de otros grupos de
Cambio Rural de turismo rural del Sudoeste bonaerense. El Agente de Proyecto será el
responsable de contactar a los peritos que deberán evaluar a cada uno de los
establecimientos en función a los pilares de la calidad establecidos en el MBPTR. La
incorporación de esta mirada externa permite alcanzar una garantía adicional sobre la
calidad del proceso. Así se avanzaría a una instancia más formalizada en los actuales
intercambios de experiencias que realizan los grupos de Cambio Rural en la región.
Posteriormente, y dentro de esta tercer etapa, para finalizar el proceso de
verificación de conformidad, es necesario incorporar la opinión de los consumidores, a
través de las instituciones que los representen, también la presencia de algún agente
del Estado vinculado al sector turístico (Ej.: Direcciones de Turismo Municipal,
Universidades). Cuando el proceso de verificación de conformidad se complete,
posibilitará que el grupo reciba un sello de calidad regional, que puede representarse a
través de una marca y una etiqueta y refleja el compromiso del grupo en llevar
adelante un Turismo Rural Sustentable que pone en valor la identidad territorial. El
sello podrá ser utilizado por los establecimientos que hayan atravesado
satisfactoriamente el proceso de certificación efectuado por los agentes internos y
externos. La marca caracterizará los procesos y se podrá utilizar en materiales
publicitarios, mientras que la etiqueta será colocada en los productos que comercialice
el grupo para reflejar su calidad.
El monitoreo de las actividades de cada uno de los establecimientos se realizará
mensualmente en las etapas 1 y 2, mediante un permanente intercambio del trabajo
individual en las reuniones del grupo, efectuando una evaluación semestral grupal bajo
la modalidad planteada. Mientras que la evaluación de la etapa 3, que involucra la
mirada externa, se propone llevarla adelante con una periodicidad anual. Se utilizarían
los planes de mejora presentados oportunamente por cada uno de los establecimientos
para valorar el uso continuo del sello grupal, o de la marca y etiqueta regional, según
el caso. Asimismo, se podrían efectuar visitas al azar o por sospecha cuando se crea
144
Calidad territorial y desarrollo sustentable: Modelo de…
que algún miembro del grupo no está cumpliendo con las reglas o normas
establecidas.
4.3.3. Módulos integrantes
Según lo expresan Silva Lima y Toledo (2005), un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad
(SGC) consiste en un conjunto de elementos interrelacionados para la mejora continua
de procesos internos de una empresa y servicios prestados por ella. Tiene por objetivo
garantizar niveles adecuados de calidad a los clientes y mejorar continuamente el
desempeño de la empresa, considerando las necesidades de las partes interesadas.
Estos autores desarrollan un SGC como una guía de referencia que pueda adecuarse a
cada propiedad rural en particular y permita al productor implantar la gestión de
calidad en forma simple en su empresa, mejorando la calidad de sus productos y
procesos en pos de satisfacer a los clientes y reducir costos por errores o fallas.
Siguiendo la propuesta de los autores citados, se plantea un sistema de gestión
constituido por dos módulos complementarios: “Garantía de la Calidad con enfoque
territorial” y “Mejora de la calidad”.
4.3.3.1. Módulo “Garantía de la Calidad con enfoque territorial”
El Módulo “Garantía de la Calidad con enfoque territorial” (Figura 3) no se
focaliza solo en la calidad del servicio y/o productos finales de agroturismo que
ofrezcan los miembros del grupo bajo estudio, sino también en fortalecer los vínculos
territoriales y demás acciones de responsabilidad social que se orienten a la
sustentabilidad económica, sociocultural y ambiental. Es así que la gestión de la
calidad entendida en el marco del Desarrollo Rural con enfoque territorial debe ser
integral, incorporando los valores y acciones que permitan desarrollarse en cuatro
dimensiones, las que para este módulo actúan como grandes bases o pilares y son: la
Calidad de los Bienes y Servicios, la Calidad Institucional, la Calidad Medioambiental
y la Calidad Social.
145
Durán, Scoponi, Bustos Cara, Haag, Casarsa, Piñeiro y otros
Figura 3. Elementos y funcionamiento del Módulo “Garantía de la Calidad con enfoque
territorial”
Calidad de
Calidad de
Bienes y
Bienes y
Servicios
Servicios
Sustentabilidad
Sustentabilidad
Servicio
Servicio
Turismo
Turismo
Rural
Rural
Vínculos
Vínculos
territoriales
territoriales
Calidad Medio
Calidad Medio
ambiental
ambiental
Elementos del SGC
Elementos del SGC
Entradas
Entradas
x Responsabilidad del productor familiar
x Responsabilidad del productor familiar
x Infraestructura y personal
x Infraestructura y personal
x Planeamiento y control
x Planeamiento y control
x Atención al turista
x Atención al turista
x Relación con miembros del grupo
x Relación con miembros del grupo
x Cuidado del medio ambiente
x Cuidado del medio ambiente
x Unión del producto con la colectividad local
x Unión del producto con la colectividad local
Calidad
Calidad
Social
Social
Salidas
Salidas
Calidad
Calidad
Institucional
Institucional
Necesidades de
xx Necesidades
de los
los clientes
clientes
x
Política
de
Calidad
x Política de Calidad
Requisitos de
xx Requisitos
de legislación
legislación
x
Exigencias
x Exigencias de
de normas
normasde
de
certificación
(IRAM-SECTUR)
certificación (IRAM-SECTUR)
Buenas prácti
prácticas
cas (MBPTR)
(MBPTR)ee
xx Buenas
indicadores
de
desempeño
indicadores de desempeño
consensuados grupalmente
consensuados
grupalmente
Lazos territoriales
territoriales
xx Lazos
Feed-back individual
xx Feed-back
individualyygrupal
grupal
para
la
mejora
para la mejora continua
continua(control
(control
social)
social)
x Información
sobre
la calidad
de: de:
x Información
sobre
la calidad
Servicios
y productos
ofrecidos
Servicios
y productos
ofrecidos
Procesos
Procesos
Calidad
social
y económica
Calidad
social
y económica
Cuidado
del
medio
ambiente
Cuidado del medio
ambiente
x Garantía
de
calidad
de servicios
y y
x Garantía de calidad
de servicios
/o /o productos
productos (Valoración
(Valoración
preliminar
del Asesor
Promotor)
preliminar
del Asesor
Promotor)
x Valoración
de
los
Indicadores
de de
x Valoración de los Indicadores
desempeño
y propuestas
de ajuste
desempeño
y propuestas
de ajuste
x Documentos
y registros
x Documentos
y registros
Fuente: Elaboración propia a partir de Silva Lima y Toledo (2005).
Calidad de los Productos y Servicios del territorio: Brindar una oferta de
productos y servicios convenientemente diferenciados, ligada al territorio a partir
de aspectos tangibles e intangibles y de su modo de producción con criterios
sociales, ambientales y económicos.
Calidad Institucional: Es el compromiso de aportar al proceso de desarrollo local,
realizando una gestión eficaz de los vínculos institucionales. Implica favorecer
lazos solidarios con otros actores del territorio y a su vez, entre los territorios,
encontrando sinergias y posibilitando la puesta en marcha de operaciones
colectivas para la promoción conjunta.
146
Calidad territorial y desarrollo sustentable: Modelo de…
Calidad Medioambiental: Apunta a un manejo sostenido de los recursos naturales,
la conservación de los paisajes y los ecosistemas como factores de competitividad
para el servicio del agroturismo.
Calidad Social: Contempla la igualdad de oportunidades dentro de la empresa, la
participación de la familia (mujer e hijos) en la gestión del negocio, la
intercooperación, la participación de los trabajadores, la formación y la
competencia leal, entre otros aspectos.
A partir de este enfoque, la gestión cotidiana del modelo comprenderá los
siguientes elementos: responsabilidad del productor y su familia, infraestructura y
personal, planeamiento y control de la actividad agroturística, atención al turista,
relaciones con los miembros del grupo, cuidado del medio ambiente, puesta en valor
de especificidades territoriales reconocidas como parte de la propia identidad y
vínculos con la colectividad local. Mediante ellos, cada emprendimiento individual de
los miembros de grupo, podrá alcanzar los objetivos propuestos en las cuatro bases del
modelo. Por lo tanto resulta necesario definir previamente requisitos mínimos o
estándares que contemplen la relación entre estos y los pilares del modelo para
orientar la gestión de cada emprendimiento hacia la calidad. Los que serán receptados
en un MBPTR consensuado a nivel grupal, como se expresó en el apartado anterior.
Dichos elementos se alimentarán de entradas y a la vez generarán salidas. Serán
entradas del modelo: las necesidades de los clientes; la Política de Calidad; los
requisitos de la legislación; las exigencias de las normas de certificación vigentes a
tener en cuenta en la formulación de Buenas Prácticas, de forma que en un futuro
puedan contribuir a lograr certificaciones por tercera parte; el MBPTR e indicadores
de desempeño que se hayan consensuado en una instancia anterior de labor grupal con
el Asesor Promotor; los lazos territoriales de los miembros del grupo y la construcción
social de la propia identidad, que se irá generando con la dinámica grupal. También
serán entradas: las retroalimentaciones que surjan periódicamente de la gestión
individual como consecuencia de la aplicación del modelo, sumadas a aquellas de
índole grupal que resulten salidas del módulo “Mejora de la Calidad”.
Respecto a la Política de Calidad, cabe destacar que debe expresar la misión,
visión y valores del Grupo “Cortaderas II” y sustentarse en los aspectos identitarios de
tipo territorial consensuados y reconocidos por sus miembros. La declaración de la
Política de Calidad marcará las pautas generales para la planificación y orientará a
toda la organización hacia la satisfacción del cliente. La política es un documento que
debe adaptarse a la realidad cambiante de la organización y, por lo tanto, debe
revisarse periódicamente para comprobar su adecuación. Basándose en la visión
147
Durán, Scoponi, Bustos Cara, Haag, Casarsa, Piñeiro y otros
general del grupo, los valores comunes y visión específica del emprendimiento, cada
establecimiento puede redactar su Política de Calidad con el compromiso de cumplir
con los requisitos de los clientes y de mejorar continuamente su sistema de gestión.
|
JOAFE_PDF_Unitaire_19720017_00907.txt_1 | French Open Data | Various open data | JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE 21 Janvier 1972 85
- Vend
ée 29 décembre 1971. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de Fontenayle-Comte. Amicale laïque de Saint-Mesmin. Objet : contribuer à l'émancipation intellectuelle et sociale et à la formation civique des habitants de la commune. Siège social : mairie de Saint-Mesmin. 907
11 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la préfecture du Val-de-Marne. Association départementale d'assistance médicale d'urgence.
Objet : assurer dans le département du Val-de-Marne le fonctionnement d’un service d’assistance médicale d’urgence (S.A.M.U.) centralisant les appels d’urgence, organisant les premiers secours et les trans ports primaires, répartissant les malades ou blessés dans les lits d’hospitalisation du département. Siège social : département d’anes thésie, réanimation, C.H.U. Henri-Mondor, Créteil. 88
-
Vosges
10 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la préfecture des Vosges. L’association Amicale des anciens légionnaires et coloniaux de Bussang change son titre, qui devient : L'Amicale, société amicale des anciens coloniaux, légionnaires et marins de Bussang, et transfère son siège social de l’hôtel des Deux-Chefs, Bussang, à l’hôtel de ville de Bussang. 89 -
Yon
ne 13 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la préfecture de l’Yonne. Groupe ment des sociétés de Seignelay. Objet : organisation de toutes mani festations présentant un intérêt local, dès lors qu’elles fayorisent la prospérité des sociétés adhérentes. Siège social : mairie de Seignelay. 14 janvier 1972. Déclaration
à la sous-préfecture de Sens. Comité des fêtes de Saint-Julien-du-Sault. Objet : organiser des fêtes et mani festations destinées à donner de l’activité à la commune. Siège social : mairie de Saint-Julien-du-Sault. 91 - Essonne 26 décembre 1971. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de Palaiseau. Centre européen d'études et de recherches en formation psycho sociologique Euro-Forhum. Objet : études et recherches en for mation psycho-sociologique, et dans tous les domaines concernant l’administration et la gestion des entreprises et administrations publiques et privées. Siège social : résidence La Peupleraie, 11, rue des Peupliers, Longjumeau. 10 janvier 1972. Déclaration
à la sous-préfecture de Palaiseau. Association des parents d'élèves du C.E.S. Paul-Bert de Savigny
sur-
Orge
.
Objet
: contribuer
au
maintien des principes
la
ï
ques de
neutralité
scola
ire,
d’
objectivité et de tolérance sur lesquels repose
l’enseignement public
; étudier tout ce qui concerne l’intérêt des élèves au point de vue moral, intellectuel et matériel. Siège social : 51, rue Dante, Savigny-sur-Orge.
10 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de Palaiseau. Association des parents d'élèves du C.E.S. de Chilly-Mazarin. Objet : contribuer au maintien des principes laïques de neutralité scolaire, d’objectivité et de toléx-ance sur lesquels repose l’enseignement public ; étudier tout ce qui concerne l’intérêt des élèves du point de vue moral, intellectuel et matériel. Siège social : 21, domaine de Bel-Abord, Chilly-Mazarin. 92 - Hauts-de-Seine 30 décembre 1971. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture d’Antony. Malakoff Arts
plast
iques.
Objet : défendre et
faire
valo
ir les intérêts
mor
aux et matériels de la création artistique
;
soutenir et
développ
er
dans le cadre communal
l
’
éducation artistique et l’
enseignement artistique
. Siège social : 62, rue Vincent
-
Mor
is, Malakoff
. 93 Seine-Saint-Denis 12 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture du Raincy. Asso ciation amicale de la protection civile de Villepinte. Objet
:
main
tenir
,
développer
,
resserrer
les liens de camaraderie, d’amitié, d’entraide et de solidarité
entre les membres de la protection civile
; faciliter
l’instruction et le perfectionnement
des membres en titre de la protection civile
;
ac
quérir le matériel néce
ssaire
à l’instruction des membres ; fournir tenue et trousse de première urgence aux
membr
es effectuant un minimum de six postes de secours par an ; assister les
membr
es dans le besoin ou le malheur. Siège social : poste de secours, rue de Bourgogne, Villepinte.
94 - Val-de-Marne 10 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la préfecture du Val-de-Marne. Association familiale de consommateurs. Objet : informer et conseil ler ses adhérents pour leur permettre le meilleur usage de leur budget familial tout en défendant leurs droits de consommateurs et d’usagers, tant au niveau de la qualité des services, des produits
,
que de leur liberté de choix
. Siège
social
: 3, im
passe
G.-Médéric, Créteil. 11 janvier 1972
. Déclaration à la préfecture du Val-de-
Marne
.
Les Comités popul
aires
. Objet : défense par tous les moyens légaux des intérêts populaires sur le plan municipal, régional et national. Siège social : 80, avenue Beaurepaire, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. Imprimerie, 26, rue Desaix, Paris (15').
95 - Val-d’Oise 14 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la préfecture du Val-d’Oise. Foyer des élèves du C.E.S
. Objet : entraînement à diverses activités : artis tiques, manuelles, scientifiques, sportives, de plein air, sociales, de coopération, d’entraide, de solidarité ; relations avec les associations culturelles de la cité. Siège social : C. E. S., 10, impasse Chabanne, Pontoise. 14 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la préfecture du Val-d’Oise. Associa tion coopérative et éducative du collège d'enseignement secondaire de L'Isle-Adam. Objet
: promouvoir, regrouper, coordonner et animer toutes les activités périscolaires de l’établissement, intellectuelles, artistiques, coopératives, sociales, sportives, de plein air, de vaéances, etc. ; l’association contribue à prolonger dans le même esprit l’action éducative de l’établissement. Siège social: C. E. Sé pare de la Faisanderie, L’Isle-Adam. 971 - Guadeloupe 10 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de Pointe-à-Pitre. L’association Comité départemental de judo et disciplines associées change son titre, qui devient : Comité départemental de la Guade loupe de judo et disciplines associées. Siège social : Les Lauriers, appartement 34, Dugazon, Les Abymes. 972 - Martinique 6 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de La Trinité. Amicale des sapeurs-pomp
iers volontaires
du Lorrain
.
Objet
: donner une personnalité juridique
au
corps et,
d’autre part, resserrer les liens entre les différents membres. Siège social : bourg de
Lorrain.
11 janvier 1972.
Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de La Trinité. Association socio-éducative de la cité scolaire de Beauséjour, à Trinité
. Objet : entraînement à l’activité intellectuelle, manuelle, sportive, artistique et apprentissage de la liberté et de la respon sabilité. Siège social : cité scolaire Beauséjour, La
Trinit
é
. 974 -
Ré
union
5 janvier 1972. Déclaration
à la préfecture
de
la Réunion. Amical* des stagi
aires et anciens stagiaires des centres de formation pro fessionnelle pour les activités du secteur tertiaire.
Objet : gérer et animer un foyer ; organiser au profit des stagiaires du centre de F.P.A. des activités culturelles, éducatives ou sportives par tous les moyens appropriés ; maintenir des liens de camaraderie entre les stagiaires et anciens stagiaires du centre ; établir des relations avec d’autres organismes ou associations à caractère culturel ou sportif. Siège social : 101, rue Juliette-Dodu, Saint-Denis. 11 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de Saint-Paul. Association sportive de l'Eperon. Objet : pratique des exercices phy siques, et notamment du football ; préparer au pays des hommes robustes et créer entre tous ses membres des liens d’amitié et de bonne camaraderie ; toute discussion politique ou religieuse est formellement interdite. Siège social : chez M. Louis Mercier, SaintGilles-les-Bains, Grand-Fond. 12 janvier 1972. Déclaration à la sous-préfecture de Saint-Paul. Association sportive et corporative des instituteurs. Objet : pra tique des exercices physiques, et notamment du football ; préparer au pays des hommes robustes et créer entre tous ses membres des liens d’amitié et de bonne camaraderie. Siège social : chez M. Pépin, Saline-les-Bains. 13 janvier 1972. Déclaration
à la sous-préfecture
de
Saint-Paul. F
oyer rural
du Bois de Nèfles, Saint-Paul. Objet : aménager dans son périmètre un centre d’aspect plaisant et ouvert à tous ; étudier en commun les questions d’ordre technique, social intéressant la vie rurale sous tous ses aspects, développer l’éducation des milieux ruraux en matière syndicale, mutualiste et coopérative en liaison avec les organismes professionnels ; favoriser la pratique de l’éducation physique et sportive ; organiser les loisirs de la collectivité dans son ensemble par la création et l’usage des biblio thèques, par le moyen des conférences, des réunions amicales, de. séances artistiques (théâtre, cinéma, soirées musicales, concerts) ; renforcer par tous les moyens la solidarité morale des habitants, l’esprit de compréhension mutuelle et d’entraide. Siège social : Bois de Nèfles, Saint-Paul.
Le Préfet, Directeur des Journaux officiels, Roger FARÇAT. |
sn88056024_1912-12-13_1_3_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | OOTUNE PLAN OF FUNK ACTION State Central Committee to Meet in Boise Jan. 6—Op timistic View Taken by the Leaders. The state central committee of the Prosperity party of Idaho will meet in Boise at the Owyhee hotel, Jan. 6, when plans for the future of the party will be discussed. The party will remain in the field and it is declared be far more aggressive in 1914 than it was at the last election. Leaders declare they are more than satisfied with the showing that was made and believe that two years from now they can sweep the state by the popular vote behind the party. State Chairman J. H. Gibson has Issued the call for the political conclave. It is as follows: Call Issued. The state central committee of the Progressive party has been called to meet in Boise, at the Owyhee hotel, at 10 o'clock in the morning, Jan. 6, 1913. Included in the call to be present are the chairman and secretaries of the various county organizations, Pro preservative editors, and prominent party workers from all parts of the state Plans for the future of the party will be laid, reports received from the Chicago conference, a legislative committee will be appointed and much other very important business will be transacted. You are earnestly requested to be present. Kindly acknowledge receipt of this communication, and please make it a matter of personal pride to see that your county is well represented. Kindly tender an invitation on behalf Green-Griffin Co. JEWELERS AND ENGRAVERS DIAMONDS, FINE WATCHES, CUT GLASS. 827 MAIN ST. BOISE, IDAHO. YOUR Dependable Jewelry Store Itemise a few articles for mutual convenience Special—Saturday All Day All silver Ailed Toilet sets—Brush, Comb and Mirror; worth up to $10.00; choice...................... $6.75 MAIN STREET The department is in charge of the best informed "gem" man in the west. He buys much of our stock in Europe personally. Rings............................$15.00 to $700.00 Pendants... $10.00 to $150.00 Bar Pina............................$7.50 to $150.00 Bracelets..........................$15.00 to $350.00 We handle all reputable makes, but Wristlet...........................$10.00 to $25.00 Ladies' Gold.......................$12.00 to $100.00 Men's Gold.......................$9.00 to $165.00 Boys'.............................. $6.00 GOLD JEWELRY Without exaggeration the largest assortment ever assembled in Idaho. Gold Bar Pins.... Gold Cuff Pins... CHINA AND GLASS These departments situated our main floor. China from Pickard. Glass from the Hawke establishment. China Plates, each...............$7.75 to $3.50 Glass Bowls......................... $4.00 to $35.00 IVORY AND STATIONERY French Ivory needs no comment. It is too popular. Ivory Toilet Sets............ Ivory Manicure Sets....... ..........$2.75 to $8.00 CIVED In. We carry many articles to select from. In tableware, articles of various designs. Choose patterns, every necessary Sterling Spoons, set................. MISCELLANEOUS The largest dependable stock of gold-filled jewelry ever shown. A wonderful showing of silver toilet sets at medium prices. Attractive pieces in leather for gentlemen and kindred jewelry lines. FINE PRESENTATION UMBRELLAS. Green-Griffin Co. JEWELERS AND ENGRAVERS. DIAMONDS, FINE WATCHES, CUT GLASS $27 MAIN ST. BOISE, IDAHO. Open Evenings Until Christmas. Of the state chairman, to the president In response to the proposal, the president Progressive at your motion to Be present. We won't meet many of this Conference as possible, and I hope that Each county will have one of its Dosen representatives. If you will Send me a list of those whom you ask To meet with us, I will try and supplement your invitation with a personal Letter. With kindest regards, I remain. Tours truly, J. H. GIPSON. Chairman. Card of Thanks. We desire to thank the friends who Have shown their kindness during the Recent illness and death of Mrs. A. W. Smith. A W. SMITH. MRS. LA SALLE, FLORENCE LASALLE. Adv—D13o OFF FOR ANTARCTIC TO BRING BACK SCOTT Christchurch, New Zealand, Dec. 18. The ship Terra Nova will sail tomorrow for the Antarctic region with the object of bringing back Captain Scott and his associates of the British expedition to the south pole. Captain Scott was last heard from on Jan. 4 last, at which time the polar party were only 145 miles from the goal of their hopes, and were traveling at the rate of 15 miles a day. All being well, the pole should, therefore, have been reached about Jan. 15 last. The party were expected back at Hut Point, where the Terra Nova was waiting for them, about March 15. But on March 5 the sea was freezing so rapidly that the ship's commander considered it unwise to remain longer, owing to the hourly increasing risk that the ship would be frozen in. It is supposed that Captain Scott and his companions returned to the winter quarters about the end of March. No further news can be received from him until the Terra Nova again returns from the far south about the end of next March. KNIGHTS AGAIN SCORE TRIUMPH IN LOCAL COMEDY "Are You a Knight?" Presented Before Large Audience at Pinney—Will Be Repeated Tonight. Another triumph in amateur theatricals was scored last night by the Boise council of the Knights of Columbus in the presentation of the farce "Are You a Knight?" at the Pinney theater before an audience that completely filled the playhouse. Once a year the local knights appear in comedy, and they have gained a reputation in the entertainment line which was well sustained in last night's production. The play is full of amusing situations, giving the members of the cast abundant opportunity, and all are made the most of. The production is elegantly staged and the gowns worn by the women are elaborate and beautiful. Much credit for the success of the play is due to Martin V. Merle, a playwright of San Francisco, who had charge of rehearsals and the artistic end of the production. Mr. Merle, who is a brother-in-law of Will Regan, is the author of "The Light Eternal," a new play soon to be presented. Rev. Father Malloy had charge of the business end of the production. John M. Regan, who long ago became one of the leaders in amateur theatricals, was the central figure in most of the scenes. In order to aid his friend who has unintentionally gotten himself into domestic difficulties, he assumed the role of a French girl, and his character work in this part is great. His costume is a clever creation and his makeup perfect. N. C. Villeneuve took the part of the young husband who, during his wife's absence, was supposed to join the Knights of Columbus, but, on failing to do so, resorts to the extremity of pretending to be a member. When his father-in-law, who had been guilty of adopting the same ruse, arrived, the scene was the most amusing of the entire play. John Scott took the part of the father-in-law, and both he and Mr. Villeneuve were admirable in their parts. One of the most pleasing features of the performance was the work of E. F. Van Valkenberg, in the part of Hamilton Travers, a broken down actor. His character work was warmly applauded by the audience. Fritz Hummel, in an exceptionally good makeup, was a scream as John Halton, a candidate for membership in the Knights of Columbus. Lawrence Malllson was perfectly at home in his part, as, in fact, was every member of the cast. Including those in the minor parts. Miss Anna Daly again demonstrated her ability in a theatrical way in the difficult part of Mrs. Bloodgood. Mrs. E. G. Davis took the leading feminine roles and did so in such a way that she made a significant hit... a success... Mrs. B. F. Griffith and Miss Loretta Downs wore winsome and captivating as the Bloodgood girls and Miss Mary McAtee was very pretty in the part of Fanchon Armitage. Miss Mary McAndrews deserved all the good things that were said of her, and although she did not have the opportunity that was afforded some of the other members of the cast, she was exceptionally clever. Miss Olive McConnell appeared as Mrs. Halton and she, too, did excellent work. Herbert O. Mott, as the policeman, completed the cast. The second and last production of "Are You a Knight?" will be given tonight at the Pinney. If your watch passes through our repair department and does not give satisfaction, we will give a new movement in exchange. CON W. HESS, Jeweler. Adv. J. J. Guheen, former attorney general of the state, is in the city today for the purpose of moving his family over preparatory to the acceptance of the position of assistant to J. H. Peterson, attorney general-elect, to which he has been appointed, as announced. NOT CALOMEL, (UL OR SAITS BUT DELICIOUS "SYRUP OF FIGS" Give Your Stomach, Liver and 30 Feet of Bowels a Thorough Cleansing Without Gripe or Nausea—Ends Headache, Biliousness, Indigestion and Constipation. This wonderful fruit laxative acts as a liver and bowel cleanser—tonic—not as an Irritant. Its action is natural and gentle—no griping. It is delicious—no dreading. It is positive and prompt—no waiting. If your stomach is sour and filled with vile gases, your head aches, or you are bilious, nervous, dizzy, half a side, your tongue coated, your thirty feet of bowels clogged with waste not properly carried off—don't wait. Surely take a teaspoonful of delicious Syrup of Figs tonight, and in the morning all constipated waste, sour bile, gases and poisons will move on and out of the system, gently but thoroughly—no griping—no nausea—no TREMENDOUS 10-DAY SAMPLE JEWELRY SALE $20,000.00 of high grade Watches, Diamonds and Jewelry, samples of 21 factories, at less than manufacturers. Turer's cost. Read I Wonder at these prices! $1.00 BOYS' WATCHES, 07 CUT TO............ QIC $1.25 * ALARM CLOCKS, 07 CUT TO........... t... QIC 50c EMBLEM BUTTONS, 4J. CUT TO..........., Inc $1.00 BEAUTY PINS, GOLD Id. FRONT, CUT TO... IGC $2.00 cu T k to button *:..... 47c $1.50 SCARF PINS, QQ CUT TO............ QQC $2.50 COMBINATION BETS, 00 CUT TO............ OQC $6 to $8 GENTS' RINGS, (A IQ/ CUT TO......... #£.40 $1.50 LADIES' BROOCHES, ST OUT TO............ HI C $1.00 BELT PINS AND BUCKLES, ST................39c $5 to $7 SOLID GOLD LADIES' RINGS, SI DQ CUT TO.......... «1.30 $2.50 EARRINGS, 00 CUT TO............ 00C $2.50 LADIES' BACK COMBS AND BARRETTEES, 7Q CUT TO............ IOC $2.50 LADIES' SILVER £7 RINGS, CUT TO.... QIC $2.50 VE8T CHAINS AND CO FOBS, CUT TO...... QOC $3.00 CHILDREN'S BRACELETS, CUT TO...... 1QC HIGH GRADE LADIES' LEATHER BAGS.... OFF ONE-HALF OFF $2.50 LADIES' STRACH BRACE to t................ 68c $5.00 BAND BRACELETS, ............$1.50 $1.50 SOLID GOLD BABY RINGS, to t................ 68c ST ANDARD MAKE WATCHES AT LESS THAN MANUFACTURERS' COST $15.00 ELGIN AND WALTHAM, WARRANTED 20 YEARS, CUT TO $20.00 $20.00 11 JEWEL, 16 AND 12 SIZES, STAMPED 20-YEAR CASES, $9.98 $15.00 THREE-PIECE TOILET SET, CUT TO $6.98 $15.00 LADIES' O-SIZE WATCHES, WARRANTED 20 YEARS, CUT TO $6.98 $35.00 17 JEWEL ELGIN WATCHES, CUT TO $6.98 57.50 $13.00 MILITARY SETS, $0.00 CUT TO................. $0.40 $2.00 CHILD'S SETS, $0.70 CUT TO............ $1.00 BERRY SPOONS, LADIES, JEWEL BOXES AND FANCY CLOCKS AT......... OFF $40.00 21 JEWEL ELGIN, WALTHAM, HAMPDEN, ROCKFORD RAILROAD WATCHES, $0.47 CUT TO..................................... $11.00 $7.50 LADIES' WATCHES, ST.............. $3.19 $7.00 GENTS' AND BOYS' WORK WATCHES, WARE (GUARANTEED) $3.50 $7.50 ROGERS 1847 KNIVES AND FORKS, CUT TO.......... $2.50 $22.50 SILVER SET, 26 PIECES, IN OAK CHEST, $0.07 CUT TO.......... $1.13 $3.50 TEASPOONS CUT TO, $0.75 2 DOZEN.......... $1.35 $2.50 TABLESPOONS, $1.00 CUT TO, $1.00 All goods as represented or money back. Come early and avoid the rush. Sale starts Saturday, December 14, 9:30 sharp. Don't Forget the Number, 826 Main St., Opp. Pacific National Bank several days ago by the Capital News. Mr. Guheen, since leaving the office of attorney general four years ago, has been receiver At the United States land office at Blackfoot, his commission does not expire until in February, but he expects to forward his resignation to Washington at once so that his successor may qualify and receive him from duty in time for General Guheen to be in Boise to take up his duties in the attorney general's office as soon as the new officials are installed into office. General Guheen served two terms as attorney general under the Gooding administrations and therefore thoroughly familiar with the duties of that office. He will find a home for his family, which he will install and then return to Blackfoot to turn his office there over to his successor and will then rejoin his family here. Phone 31 for Hay, Grain, Seeds. Idaho Coal & Seed Co., A. L. Lee Mgr., 8th & Grove, 'One Block South Over land Corner.' Adv. tf PERSONAL. E. A. Clark was a business visitor In the city today from Caldwell. Senator and Mrs. S. D. Fairchild of Mora are visiting in the city for a day or two. J. M. Johnson, the well known wool buyer, has returned from New York, where he has been visiting his mother for several weeks. K. S. Twitchell, of DeLamar, who has been in the city for a few days, left today for Denver, where he will visit during the holidays. Big White Stone Hat Pina, regular $1.00 to $2.50; special this week 50 cents. Buhn Jewelry Store, 927 Main Adv, weakness. In the old days, people let these matters run until they needed a large dose of physic, then they took something severe, like castor oil, salts or cathartics, that meant abscess to the bowels. These are the days of the gen tle and natural—the days of Syrup of Figs. This way you are not drugging yourself. Syrup of Figs being composed entirely of luscious figs, senna and aromatics can not cause injury. Ask your druggist for "Syrup of Figs and Elixir of Senna," and look for the name, California Fig Syrup Company on the label. This is the genuine—old reliable. Any other so called Fig Syrup is an imitation often meant to deceive. You refuse such contempt. REMOVAL NOTICE On Dec. 15, we move from our present location, corner 7th and Idaho, to the corner of 8th and Jefferson. We intend to make greater effort than ever to excel in the tailoring business and we hope that in making this move we will make many new friends and customers. We know our present customers will not mind. BROOKS, The Tailor. Prêtant location, 7th and Idaho. After Dec. 15, cor. 8th and Jefferson. White Stone Hat Pins Regular $2.50 value Short time only, 50c. BUHN JEWELRY STORE, 927 MAIN STREET. Children Should Have Good Light for Studying A poor light strains the eyes, and the injurious effects may last for life. An oil lamp is best. The light from the Rayo Lamp is soft and mellow. You can read or work under it for hours without hurting your eyes. The Rayo Lamp is made of solid brass — nickel plated. Lighted without removing chimney or shade. Easy to clean and rewick. Made in various styles and for all purposes. Heelers Cmrsim CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY A FEW SUGGESTIONS FOR MAS PRESENTS A $360.00 Jewel Steel Range. A $322.00 Coffee Percolator. A $316.00 Chafing Dish. A $10.00 Brass Coal Rod Cabinet. A $37.00 Brass Coal Hod. A $37.00 Brass Fire Place Set. A $12.50 Carving Set. A $6.00 Serving Tray. A $10.00 Shaving Set. A $5.00 Pocket Knife. And a thousand and one other articles that cost from $1.00 up. Everything is of the Best Quality. Loree & Son Hardware Co. Phone 1 day Post. *0* Main St. Con W. Hesse, Water Inspector of O, S. L. for 16 years. There's a reason. X L COAL Co. HANDLE ONLY THE BEST ROCK SPRINGS & CASTE VALLEY COAL. Dry Slab Wood and Kindling Wood Office 811 Bannock St. W. W. LYNCH. Manager PUT THESE THINGS ON ON YOUR SHOPPING LIST FOR TOMORROW'S BUYING NUTS, BANANAS, NEW NAVAL ORANGES, FRESH MINCE MEAT, FLAVORING EXTRACTS PURE BUCKWHEAT FLOUR MAPLE SYRUP. The Buckwheat flour comes in two size bags—6 pounds for 30c and 10 pounds for 80c. Order by phone. Our apples are all good sound Idaho grown. Either for baking or for eating uncooked. They are from 50c to $1.00 per box. Remember also our fresh daily green hot house vegetables—tomatoes, lettuce, cauliflower, celery, etc. PRY & SUMMERS FIFTEENTH and JEFFERSON. funeral Directors And Embalmers We will move about Dec. 20 into our new modern parlors, corner Ninth and Bannock. Competent Lady Assistant. Private Ambulance. Phone $79 FINE PICTURE FRAMING D. T. BROUN IMMUNITY • MHa. |
US-201414902765-A_2 | USPTO | Public Domain | (Communication Control Process by Terminal Apparatus 200)
Next, an example of a communication control process by the terminal apparatus 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 13. FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic flow of the communication control process by the terminal apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment. The communication control process includes the DRX operation and the reception of a paging message.
Initially, the DRX control unit 265 controls the terminal apparatus 200 so that the terminal apparatus 200 stops at least a portion of the reception operation (S521).
The DRX control unit 265 also recognizes the coming paging segment (S523). Then, the DRX control unit 265 determines whether the coming paging segment is a selected paging segment (S525). If the coming paging segment is not a selected paging segment (S525: No), thereafter, the DRX control unit 265 subsequently recognizes the next coming paging segment (S523).
If the coming paging segment is a selected paging segment (S525: Yes), when the paging segment subsequently comes thereafter, the DRX control unit 265 controls the terminal apparatus 200) so that the terminal apparatus 200 resumes the reception operation before a paging opportunity corresponding to the terminal ID of the terminal apparatus 200 (S527). Then, the terminal apparatus 200 receives a paging message at the paging opportunity (S529).
Thereafter, the DRX control unit 265 controls the terminal apparatus 200 so that the terminal apparatus 200 stops a portion of the reception operation again (S521). Then, the process is repeated.
<5. Application Examples>
The technique according to the present disclosure is applicable to various products. For example, the base station 100 may be realized as any type of evolved Node B (eNB), such as a macro-eNB, a pico-eNB, or a Home-eNB. Alternatively, the base station 100 may be realized as other types of base stations, such as a Node B and a base transceiver station (BTS). The base station 100 may include a main body that controls wireless communication (also referred to as a base station apparatus), and one or more remote radio heads (RRHs) that are provided at locations different from that of the main body.
In addition, for example, the terminal device 200 may be realized as a mobile terminal such as a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a notebook PC, a portable game terminal, a mobile/dongle mobile router, or a digital camera, or an in-vehicle terminal such as a car navigation device. In addition, the terminal device 200 may be realized as a terminal which performs machine-to-machine (M2M) communication (which is also referred to as a machine-type communication (MTC) terminal). Furthermore, the terminal device 200 may be a wireless communication module mounted in such a terminal (e.g., an integrated circuit module configured in one die).
<5-1. Application Examples of a Base Station>
(First Application Example)
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a first example of a schematic configuration of an eNB to which the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied. An eNB 800 includes one or more antennas 810, and a base station device 820. The respective antennas 810 and the base station device 820 may be connected to each other via an RF cable.
Each antenna 810 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements (e.g., a plurality of antenna elements constituting a MIMO antenna), and is used by the base station device 820 to transmit and receive radio signals. The eNB 800 may include a plurality of antennas 810 as shown in FIG. 14, and the plurality of antennas 810 may respectively correspond to a plurality of frequency bands used by the eNB 800, for example. Moreover, although FIG. 14 illustrates an example of the eNB 800 including a plurality of antennas 810, the eNB 800 may also include a single antenna 810.
The base station device 820 is equipped with a controller 821, a memory 822, a network interface 823, and a wireless communication interface 825.
The controller 821 may be a CPU or DSP, for example, and causes various higher-layer functions of the base station device 820 to operate. For example, the controller 821 generates a data packet from data inside a signal processed by the wireless communication interface 825, and forwards the generated packet via the network interface 823. The controller 821 may also generate a bundled packet by bundling data from a plurality of baseband processors, and forward the generated bundled packet. The controller 821 may also have a logical function of performing a control such as radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management, admission control, or scheduling. Also, the control may be performed in cooperation with a neighboring eNB or core network node. The memory 822 includes a RAM and a ROM, and stores programs executed by the controller 821 as well as various control data (such as a terminal list, transmit power data, and scheduling data, for example).
The network interface 823 is a communication interface for connecting the base station device 820 to a core network 824. The controller 821 may communicate with a core network node or another eNB through the network interface 823. In this case, the eNB 800 and a core network node or another eNB may be connected together via a logical interface (e.g., the S1 interface or the X2 interface). The network interface 823 may also be a wired communication interface, or a wireless communication interface for wireless backhaul. In the case in which the network interface 823 is a wireless communication interface, the network interface 823 may use a higher frequency band for wireless communication than the frequency band used by the wireless communication interface 825.
The wireless communication interface 825 supports a cellular communication scheme such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced, and provides a radio connection to a terminal positioned inside the cell of the eNB 800 via an antenna 810. Typically, the wireless communication interface 825 may include a baseband (BB) processor 826, an RF circuit 827, and the like. The BB processor 826 may conduct processes such as encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, for example, and executes various signal processing in each layer (e.g., L1, Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The BB processor 826 may have all or a portion of the above logical functions instead of the controller 821. The BB processor 826 may be a module including a memory that stores a communication control program, a processor that executes such a program, and related circuits. The functions of the BB processor 826 may also be modifiable by updating the program. Also, the module may be a card or a blade inserted into a slot of the base station device 820, or a chip mounted onboard the card or the blade. On the other hand, the RF circuit 827 may include components such as a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits or receives a radio signal via an antenna 810.
The wireless communication interface 825 may also include a plurality of BB processors 826 as shown in FIG. 14, and the plurality of BB processors 826 may respectively correspond to a plurality of frequency bands used by the eNB 800, for example. In addition, the wireless communication interface 825 may also include a plurality of RF circuits 827 as shown in FIG. 14, and the plurality of RF circuits 827 may respectively correspond to a plurality of antenna elements, for example. Moreover, although FIG. 14 illustrates an example of the wireless communication interface 825 including a plurality of BB processors 826 and a plurality of RF circuits 827, the wireless communication interface 825 may also include a single BB processor 826 or a single RF circuit 827.
(Second Application Example)
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a second example of a schematic configuration of an eNB to which the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied. An eNB 830 includes one or more antennas 840, a base station device 850, and an RRH 860. The respective antennas 840 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other via an RF cable. Also, the base station device 850 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other by a high-speed link such as an optical fiber cable.
Each antenna 840 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements (e.g., a plurality of antenna elements constituting a MIMO antenna), and is used by the RRH 860 to transmit and receive radio signals. The eNB 830 may include a plurality of antennas 840 as shown in FIG. 15, and the plurality of antennas 840 may respectively correspond to a plurality of frequency bands used by the eNB 830, for example. Moreover, although FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the eNB 830 including a plurality of antennas 840, the eNB 830 may also include a single antenna 840.
The base station device 850 is equipped with a controller 851, a memory 852, a network interface 853, a wireless communication interface 855, and a connection interface 857. The controller 851, the memory 852, and the network interface 853 are similar to the controller 821, the memory 822, and the network interface 823 described with reference to FIG. 14.
The wireless communication interface 855 supports a cellular communication scheme such as LTE or LTE-Advanced, and provides a radio connection to a terminal positioned inside a sector corresponding to the RRH 860 via the RRH 860 and an antenna 840. Typically, the wireless communication interface 855 may include a BB processor 856 and the like. The BB processor 856 is similar to the BB processor 826 described with reference to FIG. 14, except for being connected to an RF circuit 864 of the RRH 860 via the connection interface 857. The wireless communication interface 855 may also include a plurality of BB processors 856 as shown in FIG. 15, and the plurality of BB processors 856 may respectively correspond to a plurality of frequency bands used by the eNB 830, for example. Moreover, although FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the wireless communication interface 855 including a plurality of BB processors 856, the wireless communication interface 855 may also include a single BB processor 856.
The connection interface 857 is an interface for connecting the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860. The connection interface 857 may also be a communication module for communication on the high-speed link connecting the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) and the RRH 860.
In addition, the RRH 860 is equipped with a connection interface 861 and a wireless communication interface 863.
The connection interface 861 is an interface for connecting the RRH 860 (wireless communication interface 863) to the base station device 850. The connection interface 861 may also be a communication module for communication on the high-speed link.
The wireless communication interface 863 transmits and receives a radio signal via an antenna 840. Typically, the wireless communication interface 863 may include an RF circuit 864. The RF circuit 864 may include components such as a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits or receives a radio signal via an antenna 840. The wireless communication interface 863 may also include a plurality of RF circuits 864 as shown in FIG. 15, and the plurality of RF circuits 864 may respectively correspond to a plurality of antenna elements, for example. Moreover, although FIG. 15 shows an example of the wireless communication interface 863 including a plurality of RF circuits 864, the wireless communication interface 863 may also include a single RF circuit 864.
In the eNB 800 and the eNB 830 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the paging segment selection unit 151, the paging segment notification unit 153, and the paging control unit 155 of the base station 100 described with reference to FIG. 4 may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 825 and the wireless communication interface 855 and/or the wireless communication interface 863. Alternatively, at least portion of these functions may be implemented in the controller 821 and the controller 851.
<5-2. Application Examples of a Terminal Device>
(First Application Example)
FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone 900 to which the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied. The smartphone 900 is equipped with a processor 901, a memory 902, storage 903, an external connection interface 904, a camera 906, a sensor 907, a microphone 908, an input device 909, a display device 910, a speaker 911, a wireless communication interface 912, one or more antenna switches 915, one or more antennas 916, a bus 917, a battery 918, and an auxiliary controller 919.
The processor 901 may be a CPU or system-on-a-chip (SoC), for example, and controls functions in the application layer and other layers of the smartphone 900. The memory 902 includes RAM and ROM, and stores programs executed by the processor 901 as well as data. The storage 903 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk. The external connection interface 904 is an interface for connecting an externally attached device, such as a memory card or Universal Serial Bus (USB) device, to the smartphone 900.
The camera 906 includes an image sensor such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, and generates a captured image. The sensor 907 may include a sensor group such as a positioning sensor, a gyro sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, and an acceleration sensor, for example. The microphone 908 converts audio input into the smartphone 900 into an audio signal. The input device 909 includes devices such as a touch sensor that detects touches on a screen of the display device 910, a keypad, a keyboard, buttons, or switches, and receives operations or information input from a user. The display device 910 includes a screen such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, and displays an output image of the smartphone 900. The speaker 911 converts an audio signal output from the smartphone 900 into audio.
The wireless communication interface 912 supports a cellular communication scheme such as LTE or LTE-Advanced, and executes wireless communication. Typically, the wireless communication interface 912 may include a BB processor 913, an RF circuit 914, and the like. The BB processor 913 may conduct processes such as encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, for example, and executes various signal processing for wireless communication. On the other hand, the RF circuit 914 may include components such as a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits or receives a radio signal via an antenna 916. The wireless communication interface 912 may also be a one-chip module integrating the BB processor 913 and the RF circuit 914. The wireless communication interface 912 may also include a plurality of BB processors 913 and a plurality of RF circuits 914 as illustrated in FIG. 16. Moreover, although FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the wireless communication interface 912 including a plurality of BB processors 913 and a plurality of RF circuits 914, the wireless communication interface 912 may also include a single BB processor 913 or a single RF circuit 914.
Furthermore, in addition to a cellular communication scheme, the wireless communication interface 912 may also support other types of wireless communication schemes such as a short-range wireless communication scheme, a near field wireless communication scheme, or a wireless local area network (LAN) scheme. In this case, a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914 may be included for each wireless communication scheme.
Each antenna switch 915 switches the destination of an antenna 916 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 912 (for example, circuits for different wireless communication schemes).
Each antenna 916 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements (for example, a plurality of antenna elements constituting a MIMO antenna), and is used by the wireless communication interface 912 to transmit and receive radio signals. The smartphone 900 may also include a plurality of antennas 916 as shown in FIG. 16. Moreover, although FIG. 16 illustrates an example of the smartphone 900 including a plurality of antennas 916, the smartphone 900 may also include a single antenna 916.
Furthermore, the smartphone 900 may also be equipped with an antenna 916 for each wireless communication scheme. In this case, the antenna switch 915 may be omitted from the configuration of the smartphone 900.
The bus 917 interconnects the processor 901, the memory 902, the storage 903, the external connection interface 904, the camera 906, the sensor 907, the microphone 908, the input device 909, the display device 910, the speaker 911, the wireless communication interface 912, and the auxiliary controller 919. The battery 918 supplies electric power to the respective blocks of the smartphone 900 shown in FIG. 16 via power supply lines partially illustrated with dashed lines in the drawing. The auxiliary controller 919 causes the smartphone 900 to operate minimal necessary functions, for example, in a sleep mode.
In the smartphone 900 shown in FIG. 16, the request notification unit 261, the information acquisition unit 263, and the DRX control unit 265 of the terminal apparatus 200 described with reference to FIG. 10 may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 912. Also, at least a portion of these functions may be implemented in the processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919.
(Second Application Example)
FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device 920 to which technology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied. The car navigation device 920 is equipped with a processor 921, a memory 922, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module 924, a sensor 925, a data interface 926, a content player 927, a storage medium interface 928, an input device 929, a display device 930, a speaker 931, a wireless communication interface 933, one or more antenna switches 936, one or more antennas 937, and a battery 938.
The processor 921 may be a CPU or SoC, for example, and controls a car navigation function and other functions of the car navigation device 920. The memory 922 includes RAM and ROM, and stores programs executed by the processor 921 as well as data.
The GPS module 924 measures the position of the car navigation device 920 (e.g., the latitude, longitude, and altitude) by using GPS signals received from GPS satellites. The sensor 925 may include a sensor group such as a gyro sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, and a barometric pressure sensor, for example. The data interface 926 is connected to an in-vehicle network 941 via a port not illustrated in the drawing, and acquires data generated on the vehicle side, such as vehicle speed data.
The content player 927 plays content stored on a storage medium (e.g., a CD or DVD) inserted into the storage medium interface 928. The input device 929 includes devices such as a touch sensor that detects touches on a screen of the display device 930, buttons, or switches, and receives operations or information input from a user. The display device 930 includes a screen such as an LCD or OLED display and displays a navigation function or an image of played-back content. The speaker 931 outputs audio of a navigation function or played-back content.
The wireless communication interface 933 supports a cellular communication scheme such as LTE or LTE-Advanced, and executes wireless communication. Typically, the wireless communication interface 933 may include a BB processor 934, an RF circuit 935, and the like. The BB processor 934 may conduct processes such as encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, for example, and executes various signal processing for wireless communication. On the other hand, the RF circuit 935 may include components such as a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits or receives a radio signal via an antenna 937. The wireless communication interface 933 may also be a one-chip module integrating the BB processor 934 and the RF circuit 935. The wireless communication interface 933 may also include a plurality of BB processors 934 and a plurality of RF circuits 935 as shown in FIG. 17. Moreover, although FIG. 17 illustrates an example of the wireless communication interface 933 including a plurality of BB processors 934 and a plurality of RF circuits 935, the wireless communication interface 933 may also include a single BB processor 934 or a single RF circuit 935.
Furthermore, in addition to a cellular communication scheme, the wireless communication interface 933 may also support other types of wireless communication schemes such as a short-range wireless communication scheme, a near field wireless communication scheme, or a wireless LAN scheme. In this case, a BB processor 934 and an RF circuit 935 may be included for each wireless communication scheme.
Each antenna switch 936 switches the destination of an antenna 937 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 933 (e.g., circuits for different wireless communication schemes).
Each antenna 937 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements (e.g., a plurality of antenna elements constituting a MIMO antenna), and is used by the wireless communication interface 933 to transmit and receive radio signals. The car navigation device 920 may also include a plurality of antennas 937 as shown in FIG. 17. Moreover, although FIG. 17 illustrates an example of the car navigation device 920 including a plurality of antennas 937, the car navigation device 920 may also include a single antenna 937.
Furthermore, the car navigation device 920 may also be equipped with an antenna 937 for each wireless communication scheme. In this case, the antenna switch 936 may be omitted from the configuration of the car navigation device 920.
The battery 938 supplies electric power to the respective blocks of the car navigation device 920 shown in FIG. 17 via power supply lines partially illustrated with dashed lines in the drawing. Also, the battery 938 stores electric power supplied from the vehicle.
In the car navigation apparatus 920 shown in FIG. 17, the request notification unit 261, the information acquisition unit 263, and the DRX control unit 265 of the terminal apparatus 200 described with reference to FIG. 10 may be implemented in the wireless communication interface 933. Also, all or a portion of these functions may be implemented in the processor 921.
In addition, the technology according to the present disclosure may also be realized as an in-vehicle system (or vehicle) 940 that includes one or more blocks of the car navigation device 920 discussed above, the in-vehicle network 941, and a vehicle-side module 942. The vehicle-side module 942 generates vehicle-side data such as the vehicle speed, number of engine revolutions, or malfunction information, and outputs the generated data to the in-vehicle network 941.
<6. Conclusion>
In the foregoing, the communication apparatuses and processes according to embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to FIGS. 1-17. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the paging segment selection unit 151 selects a paging segment from a plurality of paging segments that are repeatedly present during a period having the length of the first DRX cycle for the terminal apparatus 200. Also, the paging control unit 155, when performing paging for the terminal apparatus 200, performs paging during the above selected paging segment. Also, the above length of the first DRX cycle is not divisible by the length of each paging segment.
As a result, more flexible DRX can be achieved.
For example, firstly, a DRX cycle which is longer than the length of a paging segment can be used. As a result, the power consumption of the terminal apparatus 200 can be reduced. Also, for example, secondly, even when a long DRX cycle is used, a paging opportunity can be limited to a shorter period (i.e., within a selected paging segment) irrespective of the identification information (e.g., an IMSI) of the terminal apparatus, and therefore, paging can be performed at a more desirable timing. Also, for example, thirdly, even when a desired DRX cycle is not divisible by a paging segment, a DRX cycle which is considerably close to the desired DRX cycle can be provided.
As a result, for example, a practically useful DRX cycle having a length such as 5 min or 10 min can be provided with a small error (e.g., less than one paging segment). Also, for example, paging can be performed at desired time (e.g., time 0:00, 0:05, 0:10, etc.). Therefore, for example, a terminal apparatus can be operated according to requests of various applications such as an MTC application.
Moreover, for example, the paging control unit 155, when performing paging for the terminal apparatus 200, performs paging for the terminal apparatus 200 at a paging opportunity corresponding to the terminal ID of the terminal apparatus 200 during the above selected paging segment.
As a result, for example, paging for the terminal apparatus 200 having the first DRX cycle can be performed while an existing arrangement for paging is maintained.
Also, for example, the paging segment selection unit 151 selects a paging segment from the above plurality of paging segments for each of the above plurality of periods, on the basis of shift information for shifting paging segments separately for the terminal apparatus 200.
Such selection of a paging segment on the basis of shift information allows for any shift of the selected paging segment. Therefore, for example, a paging message can be transmitted and received at more desirable timings. As an example, a paging message can be transmitted and received at appropriate timings, taking into consideration the time it takes to perform data processing for each application, or the like.
Also, for example, the paging segment notification unit 153 notifies the terminal apparatus 200 of the above selected paging segment.
Such notification allows the terminal apparatus 200 to perform an appropriate DRX operation.
As a first example, the paging segment notification unit 153 notifies the terminal apparatus 200 of the above selected paging segment, by providing information indicating the above selected paging segment (i.e., the paging segment information) to the terminal apparatus 200.
As a result, the base station 100 can more freely select a paging segment, without depending on the terminal apparatus 200.
As a second example, the paging segment notification unit 153 may notify the terminal apparatus 200 of the above selected paging segment by providing, to the terminal apparatus 200, information indicating one or more parameters for specifying the above selected paging segment (i.e., the parameter information).
As a result, the terminal apparatus 200 can specify a selected paging segment on its own. Therefore, the terminal apparatus 200 does not have to be at all times notified of a selected paging segment. As a result, for example, the overhead used for notification of paging segments can be reduced.
Moreover, a paging segment may be selected from the above plurality of paging segments or the above paging may be performed during the above selected paging segment, taking into consideration the request of the terminal apparatus 200 related to a DRX operation.
As a result, for example, the likelihood that the terminal apparatus 200 performs a desired DRX operation possibly increases.
Although preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
For example, an example has been described in which the base station has a main role in selecting a paging segment from a plurality of paging segments. The present disclosure is not limited to such an example. For example, an apparatus (e.g., a core network node) other than the base station may previously select the above paging segment, and notify the base station of the selected paging segment. Then, the base station may select the paging segment that the base station has been notified of, from a plurality of paging segments.
Also, an example has been described in which one DRX cycle (i.e., the first DRX cycle) which is not divisible by the length of a paging segment is used. The present disclosure is not limited to such an example. For example, one or more other DRX cycles that are not divisible by the length of a paging segment may be further used.
Also, an example has been described in which a single paging segment is used. The present disclosure is not limited to such an example. For example, one or more other paging segments may be further used. In this case, a DRX cycle having the same length as that of each of the one or more other paging segments may be further used. Also, a paging segment selected for a terminal apparatus that uses the first DRX cycle may be the above single paging segment and any of the above one or more other paging segments.
Also, an example has been mainly described in which each terminal apparatus uses a single DRX cycle. The present disclosure is not limited to such an example. For example, each terminal apparatus may use, as a DRX cycle, one of a plurality of DRX cycle candidates. Alternatively, one of a plurality of DRX cycle candidates may be determined by the base station.
Also, the processing steps in the communication control processes in this specification are not strictly limited to being executed in a time series following the sequence described in the flowcharts. For example, the processing steps in the communication control processes may be executed in a sequence that differs from the sequence described herein as flowcharts, and furthermore may be executed in parallel.
In addition, a computer program for causing hardware such as a CPU, a ROM, and a RAM installed in communication control devices (devices to configure base station devices) or a terminal device to exhibit the same functions as the respective configurations of the aforementioned communication control device or terminal device can also be created. In addition, a storage medium for storing the computer program may also be provided. In addition, an information processing device (e.g., a processing circuit or a chip) that includes a memory for storing the computer program (e.g., a ROM and a RAM) and a processor that executes the computer program (e.g., a CPU) may also be provided.
In addition, the effects described in the present specification are merely explanatory or illustrative, and not limitative. In other words, the technology according to the present disclosure can exhibit, along with or instead of the effects, other effects apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the present specification.
Additionally, the present technology may also be configured as below.
(1)
A communication control apparatus including:
a selection unit configured to select a paging segment from a plurality of paging segments that are repeatedly present during a period having a length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for a terminal apparatus; and
a control unit configured to perform paging for the terminal apparatus during the selected paging segment if performing the paging,
wherein the length of the first DRX cycle is not divisible by a length of each of the plurality of paging segments.
(2)
The communication control apparatus according to (1),
wherein each of the plurality of paging segments has a predetermined length, and is a segment for performing paging for each terminal apparatus that uses a second DRX cycle of the predetermined length.
(3)
The communication control apparatus according to (1) or (2),
wherein the control unit performs paging for the terminal apparatus at a paging opportunity during the selected paging segment, the paging opportunity corresponding to identification information of the terminal apparatus, if performing the paging for the terminal apparatus.
(4)
The communication control apparatus according to any one of (1) to (3),
wherein the selection unit selects a paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of a plurality of successive periods each having the length of the first DRX cycle.
(5)
The communication control apparatus according to (4),
wherein the selection unit selects a paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of the plurality of periods such that an interval of the plurality of paging segments selected for the plurality of periods becomes closer to the length of the first DRX cycle.
(6)
The communication control apparatus according to (5),
wherein the selection unit selects a paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of the plurality of periods, using calculation including division involving the length of the first DRX cycle and the length of each of the plurality of paging segments.
(7)
The communication control apparatus according to (5) or (6),
wherein the selection unit selects a paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of the plurality of periods, on the basis of shift information for shifting paging segments separately for a terminal apparatus.
(8)
The communication control apparatus according to any one of (1) to (7), further including:
a notification unit configured to notify the terminal apparatus of the selected paging segment.
(9)
The communication control apparatus according to (8),
wherein the notification unit notifies the terminal apparatus of the selected paging segment, by providing information indicating the selected paging segment to the terminal apparatus.
(10)
The communication control apparatus according to (8),
wherein the notification unit notifies the terminal apparatus of the selected paging segment, by providing information indicating one or more parameters for specifying the selected paging segment to the terminal apparatus.
(11)
The communication control apparatus according to any one of (1) to (10),
wherein the selection of a paging segment from the plurality of paging segments, or the paging performed during the selected paging segment, is performed, taking into consideration a request from the terminal apparatus related to a DRX operation.
(12)
The communication control apparatus according to any one of (1) to (11),
wherein the length of each of the plurality of paging segments is an integer multiple of a length from a start time point of a radio frame having a minimum system frame number (SFN) for identifying a radio frame to an end time point of a radio frame having a maximum SFN number.
(13)
The communication control apparatus according to any one of (1) to (12),
wherein the terminal apparatus performs machine-type communication (MTC).
(14)
A communication control method including:
selecting a paging segment from a plurality of paging segments that are repeatedly present during a period having a length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for a terminal apparatus, using a processor; and
performing paging for the terminal apparatus during the selected paging segment if performing the paging,
wherein the length of the first DRX cycle is not divisible by a length of each of the plurality of paging segments.
(15)
A terminal apparatus including:
an acquisition unit configured to acquire information indicating a paging segment selected from a plurality of paging segments that are repeatedly present during a period having a length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for the terminal apparatus; and
a control unit configured to control a DRX operation on the basis of the information indicating the paging segment,
wherein the length of the first DRX cycle is not divisible by a length of each of the plurality of paging segments.
(16)
The terminal apparatus according to (15),
wherein the acquisition unit acquires the information indicating the paging segment when notified of the paging segment by a base station.
(17)
The terminal apparatus according to (16),
wherein the acquisition unit acquires the information indicating the paging segment upon specifying the paging segment by using one of more parameters, if notified of the paging segment by the base station, by providing information indicating one or more parameters for specifying the paging segment.
(18)
The terminal apparatus according to any one of (15) to (17), further including:
a notification unit configured to notify a base station of a request from the terminal apparatus related to a DRX operation.
(19)
An information processing apparatus configured to control a terminal apparatus, including:
a memory configured to store a predetermined program; and
one or more processors capable of executing the predetermined program,
wherein the predetermined program is configured to execute
- - acquisition of information indicating a paging segment, selected from a plurality of paging segments that are repeatedly present during a period having a length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for the terminal apparatus, and - control of a DRX operation on the basis of the information indicating the paging segment, and
the length of the first DRX cycle is not divisible by a length of each of the plurality of paging segments.
REFERENCE SYMBOLS LIST
- 1 communication system - 10 cell - 100 base station - 151 paging segment selection unit - 153 paging segment notification unit - 155 paging control unit - 200 terminal apparatus - 261 request notification unit - 263 information acquisition unit - 265 discontinuous reception (DRX) control unit
The invention claimed is:
1. A communication control apparatus, comprising: a selection unit configured to select a first paging segment from a plurality of paging segments that are repeatedly present during a period that has a first length equal to a second length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for a first terminal apparatus; and a control unit, configured to control paging for the first terminal apparatus in the selected first paging segment, wherein a remainder of a division operation of the second length of the first DRX cycle by a third length of each of the plurality of paging segments, is greater than zero.
2. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of paging segments is a segment for paging for each second terminal apparatus that uses a second DRX cycle of the third length.
3. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to control paging for the first terminal apparatus at a paging opportunity during the selected first paging segment, and wherein the paging opportunity corresponds to identification information of the first terminal apparatus.
4. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the selection unit is further configured to select the first paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of a plurality of successive periods each having a fourth length equal to the second length of the first DRX cycle.
5. The communication control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the selection unit is further configured to select a second paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of the plurality of successive periods such that an interval of the plurality of paging segments selected for the plurality of successive periods is equal to the second length of the first DRX cycle.
6. The communication control apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the selection unit is further configured to select the second paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of the plurality of successive periods, based on the division operation of the second length of the first DRX cycle and the third length of each of the plurality of paging segments.
7. The communication control apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the selection unit is further configured to select the second paging segment from the plurality of paging segments for each of the plurality of successive periods, based on shift information for shift of paging segments separately for the first terminal apparatus.
8. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a notification unit configured to notify the first terminal apparatus of the selected first paging segment.
9. The communication control apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the notification unit is further configured to notify the first terminal apparatus of the selected first paging segment based on information indicating the selected first paging segment to the first terminal apparatus.
10. The communication control apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the notification unit is further configured to notify the first terminal apparatus of the selected first paging segment based on information indicating at least one parameter to specify the selected first paging segment to the first terminal apparatus.
11. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of: the selection unit is further configured to select the first paging segment from the plurality of paging segments, based on a request from the first terminal apparatus related to a DRX operation, or the control unit is further configured to control the paging during the selected first paging segment, based on the request from the first terminal apparatus related to the DRX operation.
12. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the third length of each of the plurality of paging segments is an integer multiple of a fourth length from a start time point of a first radio frame having a minimum system frame number (SFN) to identify the first radio frame to an end time point of a second radio frame having a maximum SFN.
13. The communication control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a communication mode of the first terminal apparatus is machine-type communication (MTC).
14. A communication control method, comprising: selecting a paging segment from a plurality of paging segments that are repeatedly present during a period that has a first length equal to a second length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for a terminal apparatus; and controlling paging for the terminal apparatus in the selected paging segment, wherein a remainder of a division operation of the second length of the first DRX cycle by a third length of each of the plurality of paging segments, is greater than zero.
15. A terminal apparatus, comprising: an acquisition unit configured to acquire information indicating a paging segment that is selected from a plurality of paging segments, wherein the plurality of paging segments are repeatedly present during a period that has a first length equal to a second length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for the terminal apparatus; and a control unit configured to control a DRX operation based on the information indicating the paging segment, wherein a remainder of a division operation of the second length of the first DRX cycle by a third length of each of the plurality of paging segments, is greater than zero.
16. The terminal apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising: a receiving unit configured to receive from a base station, a notification message regarding the paging segment, wherein the acquisition unit is further configured to acquire the information indicating the paging segment based on the notification message related to the paging segment.
17. The terminal apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the receiving unit is further configured to receive information indicating at least one parameter to specify the paging segment, and wherein the acquisition unit is further configured to acquire the information indicating the paging segment based on at least one parameter.
18. The terminal apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising: a notification unit configured to notify a base station of a request from the terminal apparatus related to the DRX operation.
19. An information processing apparatus configured to control a terminal apparatus, the information processing apparatus comprising: a memory configured to store instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the stored instructions, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: acquire information indicating a paging segment selected from a plurality of paging segments, wherein the plurality of paging segments are repeatedly present during a period that has a first length equal to a second length of a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle for the terminal apparatus; and control a DRX operation based on the information indicating the paging segment, wherein a remainder of a division operation of the second length of the first DRX cycle by a third length of each of the plurality of paging segments, is greater than zero..
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bub_gb_EyLlrlzXAOsC_50 | Latin-PD | Public Domain | ‘b t corde intel!igat]ca que fidei funt,p donu incelledus pcnetrado[E t cuuerranrur] per corpora- em agnicf veritatis amote ad deu, [e t lanc eos]ab infidelitate ac ceteris vsci]is,animarG liguonbut: fecundu qd per Hicremta dico,C5uertimini ad me,de fanabo auetfiones vfas.Hae aGt feripturi alie- Hicre.5. gat Lucas,lccudutraflat2oncfep(uaginta inierpretu.Hieron.aute quantuad tenore feu formi vcfbo- Efa.d, ru, aliter crSAulit.feofus vero redit in ide. Queadmodu fuper Efa.oAedi.Ioanes quoq; EuageliAa al- Joan. ti legat hec verba ^tepore ChriAi ^idaatq; impleta. Vbietia queda iAoru verboru aflerit inpfona Efa.d. filii deiclTead £ia.prolata, videlicet ne forte cGueriaiurd: fane cos. Paulus veroprimG boru verbo- Hicron/. eu dicit a fpu fando prolatu, licut nuc patuit.ex quo Oidymusfque Beda hoc loco beatum appellat) in ltb.de fpu fando, diuinitate fpGs fandi probauit. Q^odenim nuc Paulus aici fpG fandodidG,id Efaiasidnodidu perbibet. Et ibi per dnm imclliguur verus deus. Ex qbusolbus fandus Hieronn dunfsime increpat Origine, qui perdfimfcdente in folio clcuato,tAa^*, verba Efaiteloquente, intcfli git deu patre. Per fcrapnin veronliu Se fpni fandu . Nunc enim oAcfum cA perdnroibtfigntficartfpi ritufanduiimddcuabioluce (eu voiquaqj diuina perfona. Ex quo liquidodemuAratur vnam efle& voluntate Sc nacurS dei dcfpus fandi. Q^od Se D id jmusfubtilifsime docet, [notum ergo fit vobiv, .A. A MA a/X Iaaaa iAla.A.AA ^ IaA. .. aO I. A. . rAf.l..AA A— AAM .. 1.^ A . b— 9 II A H A Jif aI A [mansit autcbicniototoinfuocodudu] hoceA,in bofpicioquod ipfc fibicuduxerat,[B t in cu- ilodia libera. & fufeipiebae] hoc cA,ad audientii fux pr^ dicationis pie Sc charitatiue admific, [oMncf qui ingrediebatur ad cu] IudeosacGenriies,[vRcdicansregnGdei] hoceA,Aatu &graciS Eeclefis miliiatif,quie frequeter i ChriAo regou cxloru,& regou dei vocatur.Siaifi quoq; Sc gloria Ecclcfia criuphatis,[E rdoces qu^funtdedno leioChriHo] vtpocc pr^cepia,coniia,docum?u Se teAtmonlft faluacoris [c v m omni fiducia] afsiAentis dei c&uerfionisq; plurimoru,[s i n b ^hibitione] NIantu aduencu Pauliad Roma,Ncro annis rcgnauitduohus,noodG tamen foit cofirmac* in regno. Propter 3uod dimifit ApoAotu toto biennioinAa Romam in (oo codudu libera^; eiiAodia. PoAea vero per ecenniG.f.dece annis dimifit cG in libertate maiori, v tecta citra Romam in occidentalibus panibui pr9dicarec. PoAea XI 1 1 1 anno Impertj Neronis, Paulus ab /pro,martyrio coronatur pro fidccathoU- ca,qu« radius cA prim^d inuioUbilis vcritatis,omni admiratione,gratianim adione, honore It gfo xiadigrulsimar,cum ipfii fit fuper omnia deus fublimis&bcnedidus, Arnen, COMMBNTARIOR VM IN ACTA AVOSTOLORVU FINIE. ^D.DIONYSIl CAR- THVSIANI IN B. lOANNlS APOSTOLI APOC ALTPS t M aNAB.AATIO. PROOlMt VM. CCE PVER MEVS ELECTVS , CC VEM clcgi.dilcfiui mea>,in quo b«nc placuit anim? me«:ponam fpiriiuni meum fu per cum, iudicium gentibuinunciabir.Vcrba hxc luata ft^nfumab Efaia,ac> Eia>4it E quelMauh*oin forma (quantum ad litcram) de vnigenito dei vero, «terno, Mait.iW naturali^ filio domino noftro lefii Chriftoconferipta font.Dc loanne tamen Euangelifta,iuata myllicam intelligentiam congrue affumuntur.Ipfe enim cft vnus puerorum illorum, quibui poft refurredionem fuam loquutuiefi Chri- ^ B Aui Puerinonauldpulmentariumhabetii?DequibujperEfaiaradiaitSaluiior,bcceego&pue. foan.ti, Ti auL quot dedit mibi dominus, loanni itaque loquitur euangclifi« deus jublimii, 8. » V a a. vriq; ab innocenti» puritate ac fanSimonia vit«:quoroodo Paulus hortatur. Nolite pueri ef. 1.C0. 14 ficirenfibuTfed malitia paruulieftotc.Et Pfalmifta,Laudatepueridominum. >1 E v s, plane pergra- Pial. iia, damadoptionis,perprouidentiam*tern«pr«defiinationis,percommunioncmpr«eipuefomiIiaii. tatis, per eminentiam apofiolatus . Quem elegi pr« milibus, quem & ore proprio 4 naui ad dircipu. Matt. 4. htum^eindeadapoftoIaiuvocaui.DiiBCTVS m a vs, & tam fingulahter pr«dileaus,vt ipfero- Mir.3. lies de’ feipfoloquens veraciter dicat,Difcipulus quem diligebat Icfui.iN o beneplacultanim», loan. 13, Chrifii itavtincoeoaruperpeauseiut,acinfinueiusrccomberct.Velvtaddeompatremfeutoiam 10. Ttinita'tem rcferatur,quod dicitur, Bene placuit anime me«. Anima deo trino ac Umplici meiapho. ^an.13. riceadrcribitur.voluntatem feu mentem intelligcndo per animam,fecundum quod per Hiercmia do. Hiere.j, minus aflerit,Nuquid in gente huiufcemodi n6 vlcifcetnr anima meaiEt in Amos propheta liabctur, Amos.ff. lurauit dominus per animam fuam.Soper hunc felicem loanncm pofuit deus fpiritu foum,viique fpi Aauu.a, ritum fanaum;pr«reriim in die Patecoftes,eum fedit fpiritus fanaui fuper fingulos difcipuloifi. Nec tantum pofuit dMi fpiritum fuum fuper eum,dado ei gratiam gratum facientem, dt virtutes, ae dona concomitantia illamifed infuper dona gratia gratis dat^ accumulauit in eo,fccitque eum ap^olu^ C EuanEel»ftam,prophetam,doaorem,mirabiliuoperatorem,caleaiumfccretorum altifsimum cotem Hebr.5. plitorem,omnlfi linguarum atqj totius diuin? feriptur; tribuent ei nqmia.Hic Io4nes,t v o 1 c i v u Fd efi diuioe equitatis effeaut & vltiones.irtcrnt fapienti? decreta ac inttituta,dircrctionem quoq; in. ter veru St fa1?um,inter bonum & malum,itemque finale iudicium gentibus nunciauu.Pcr B"” <>'“• omnem militante Ecclefiam pr{cipue illuftrauit. Nam totius Afia mu»"» Imoocs fiindauit iexitqi eccleCai .Cuque ad Domitiani Imperatoris pr^ceptu Romam vfq; effet dedn tot,atq; in buliciis olei doliu miflus.mc luderetur in eo, in Patmos infula eaul eft rellatus. Vbi cu folus foli deo vaca rct eo- enouit per fpiritu,quanta mala in ecclefiis Ali? pullularent. Super quo doles ac doifonum notus £it & non folu qu? fiebant in Aliai fed qu? toto orbe in ecclcfil S tue fiebant, * principalia vf- que ad fine’m mundi ventura vnioerfali F.cclefi«,angelo reuelantecognquit. Super quibus libiu illum eompofuit fuis eu mittens difcipolismo ad eorum duuiat, fed ad omnium Chrillianoru profeRum, Preterea qilada expolitioni huius libri poirentpr?mitti,vidclicet,quid Gtprophetia,degradibu , p c^^ &rdine pFopheti.,demultipliciexpofitione facr?fcriptur?.& de feptem regulm rirfenbturarum «Ide proficuiside quibus nunc tranfeo, quia in exordio expoCtion.s librt Pfalmorfi ca vtciinque induxi.PoLmo qnemadmodum librorum ^alom^^^^^ vtlibri Mofiialii hiftoriales.vt libri regum * paralipomenonialil P prophetalesiIiainnonoteftametolibrilegalesfuntquatuorEuagelia hiftora sld^^^^^ T Rolornm fanientiales libri,Epiftola Pauli,* alia feptem canonica-.Prophetalis autem liber elt Apo ealypfis.Necifta intelligenda funt per praeilionem,fed quandam appropriationemtcum certum dt, in mwlibet genere librorum illornm,aliqua de aliorum librorum contineri , ‘ ^ £e f V c I o A T I o I c A p. [* p o c a i r M I s lefu ChrilU quam dedit illi deus.] p o c A i T P 1 1 1 lefu ChriW,qu*S dedit illi deus pali fecere feniis ruis.]ApoeaIyplIt ,.00.14: reuelatio diritnr.Vnde Corinthijt feribit Apollolus,Cum conucoitit vniquifque ve A Urum pfalmum babet, doarinam habet,apoealypfim habet Itaque Apoalypfis le. fu Chrifti id ell,reoclatio foda Chrillo fecfidum naturam alTumptam a patre, vel to- ta fuperbe’nediaa Trinitate,cnius indiuifa funt opera.Deniqi omnium reram cognw rio,vniuerf<irumi,ue'^cretorumKuel,tiofeaaeftanimaChriftiinpri«^^^^^^ lio fecudJSn Cf bfnioell, deus pater, palafacere,idell.mamftllare feruis iuis, omnibus ChjaUm, ft- IN ACT. APOSTOL. XCVIII. A eif fignifican folecxo qodd fepcem dierum numero omne tempus comprehendatur, & Teptem diebus omne tempus euoIuitur.Ec propter Teptemplicem gratiam fptritus fandi, qua impletur cccIcGa. De. oiqus vniucrfx ecclenz,func vna ecclefia catholica : quz per fcpcem eccieiias explicatur, propter fe. ptcm dona fpiritus fandi, quibus illuGraia in mundo refulget. [c r a t i a vobis & pax] Gratia pro. Gratia prie fumpta,e(f habitus fupernaturalis menti per creationem infufus,ene fpirtrale,deifbrme,atq; ido. quid Sc neum ad promerendam vitam «ternam, conferens ci.Hanc habet omnis quicGin ftatu faluiis.Scd 0- quifnani eut charitas,tra 5t gratia iffa perficiunt. Itaque gratiam no babentibasoptacgraciam dari, habentibus ea habeae verd appetit perfici. PoteA tame hoc loco per gratiam quodcunque fpiritale donum, conferens ad fa. Jurem, intelligi- Pax autem eft tranquillitas mentis, & quies eius in deo: quam maxime habere codecec Lucf. 14 C briflianum. Nam Sc Chriflus fic (uos falutauic difdpulos,Pax vobis.E t alcenfurus in exium loquu. loan. 1 o. cuseAcis,pafsioniiamproxinius,Pacem relinquo vobis, pacem meam do vobis.Infuper hanc faluta. loan.14. tionis formam ipfis prxfixic,ln quancuoquc(inquic)domum intrauerius,primum dicite, Pax huic do Luc^.ao* mul.Quim verd defiderabile,dcificum,ac beatum fic pacem habcrc,oAendic dicendo, Beati pacifici, quoniam filij dei vocabuntur.Ideo monet ApoAoIus, Pax ChriAiexultctin cordibus veArii. Nullam itaque turbulentiam animi, nullam inquietudinem viuj, aut amaritudinem fpiritus admittamus : fed Matt.e* tranquilla deo mente vacemus.ltaque gratia difponcns ad pacem veram, fpiricalcm, incernam, & pax C0I0U.3.' confcquensiilitn, iofic, detur, & cofeructur vobis [a b eo quie0,& qui erat,& qui vencuruscnjid cA, ^ A deo patre «terno.Cutns xcernicas quauis fit incxtenla,inuariabiIis,cotaque nmplicifsimc fimulrper temporum tamen diifcremias deCgnanir:quonia omne tempus ambit, includit, A tempori omni afsi. Aic.nec i nobis incelligitur,nifi ex tempore, & per comparationem ad tempusreo modo, quo incorpo ralia atque Gmplicia,per corporalia & compofica tntelltgcredicimur.puta per abnegationem,&ecii ali|s modis.lcaque deus pater nunc incommucabilicer cA,& ante omnia erat, & venturus cA ad cccle- fiam militantem ac triumphantem, per charicacem, gratiam, feu gloriam inhabitando: fe^ue fuis ele. fiii manifeAando.ic nouadic mira agendo, non Meum mucando.oic nempe ait ChriAus, Q^idifigic roe,fermonem meum fcruabit:& pacer meus diligeteum:&ad cum veniemus, & manfionem apud eu Ioan.i4, faciemus.VcncuruseA itaque omnium cledorum remunerator & corporum glorificator. Q^anuts au tem iuxea hunc fenfum vnicuique diutne perfonx conueniat cfTe, fuifre,venturumquc efTcitamen hoc loco patri appropriatur,propcer verba requentia. Sequitor enim [s t i feptem fpiricibus,qui in con> ibedu chronieius funt.]Per Aptem fpiritus mulfiexponcorum accipiunt fpiricu fandum, eo qudd in donis fit feptifbrmis.quanuis fic fimpicx vnufque in natura.Cuius dona(qucapud Efaiam rpiritus no mine exprimuntur cum dicitur , Spincusfapientix di: iocelledus 8ce, ) fiincin confpedu chronieius, u; id eA,in mente ac intelligcntia animx ChriAi, cuius humanitas thronus patris vocatur. Vel per fcpre C fpiritut incelliguncur angeli fandi, lea vt per feptem, vniuerfjcas angelorum infinuetur, eo modo quo Tobi* RaphacIIoqiiimr,Egofum vnus de feptem, qui aAamus ante deum. Vel certe per feptem fpi- TobJe li ricuSffpecialitcrdcnotanrurillifeptem angelici rpiricus,qui Aptem ecclefi|s Afix prxfucrunt. Q^i~ ^ dam etenim vni priuatx perfonx, quidam communitati iunc prxfidcntes . Omnes autem angeli iunc in confpedu throni dei,id cA,ipfi deo omipotenti afsiAunr,tanquaobAqui nr^ parati.Thronus quo. Dan ro' que dei vocatur voo modo ipfum cercium intellcdualeuuecxlum, in quo refidec Trinitas adoranda. Danie iz Ad quod fecundum Ynamexpofitionem raptus cA Paulus. NecaliudcA thronus jAr,quimiprarcfi. i.Cor dentis authoricas ac maicAas, qui in AipfoeAe Sc quiefeere perhibetur. Obiter aduercendum quJd n5 eodem modo gratia & pax fune i deo & angelis eius. A deoenim funceAediue,ac principaliter:aban |clls impccratiue,d^ inArumemalirer. Orant quippe pro nobis, Sc noAra obfequia ofTcnint deo. [e t A lefu ChriAo] qui fecundum diuinitatem cA idem ditor pacis Sc gracix cum patre & fpiriru , Sc eo* Tobic 1 1 dem modo cumilltihxetribuit.Propter quod ait, Q^xcunque facit parer, hxc Sc filius (imiliter fa. Adt^io cic. Etenim trium perfonarum cA vna elTencia,vna potcAas: idcirco Sc adio ad citra indiuifa. Porro |. * ChriAus fecundu qudd homo Sc mediator,eA eaufa pacis A gratix mericoria,inAnjmentalis, Acun« * daria:cumeius humanitas fitinArumentum proprium,coniundum, animatum, Immediatumque di. uinicatisfeu verbiiper quam humanitatem verbum incarnatum, feu ChriAus homo, promeruit nobis j) donagrati^jimddlfelori^.EtpfccamurvirtutcacmeritoChriAidonafpiriralianobiipr^Aarifctv i cA tcAit fidelis] id eA,verax in verbis, fidis, dc promifsis,inuntri vt dicat, C^lum & terra tranCbunr, Luce* xi verba autem Dica non cranfibunr. Dedit autem rcAimonium fidele de patre, dicendo, Eiiuia patre, & loan itf ' veni in mundum. £c alia multa fublimia, qux in Euangelio loannis pocifsime funt deferipra. Verbis * quoque Sc fadis rcAimonium perbiboie de Aipfo,quf in die iudici} ceAimonium perhibebit contra re. Drobacos,& pro cledis.Iuxta illud, Ego fum iudex de tcAis.Dcniquc Euangclicx Icgli dodiinam ic-. luras cA populo,de quo loquitur pater, Ecce tcAem populis dedi eum[r rimoobnitvs mortuo- ‘ ^ rum.] Cum innumerabiles mortales de mortui fuerint ante ChriAi aduentu, quomodo didus cA pri- iDogenitus mortuorum? Ad quod Berengandus rtfpondet,quod primogeniius hic pro primo accipi. tur:(icut primos eos in populo vocamus, non qui xcate. Ad honore acdignitaie exteros antecellunt. Et hoc veram cA,fiue per mortuos intelUgamus corpore mortuos, fiue rpiricaliteratquefalubriter mortificatoi,quaIes f ierunt quibus feribit ApoAolus, Mortui enim cAis, Sc vita vcAra abfeondita eA cum ChriAo in deo. Primogenitus itaque mortuorum Chriflus eA, quoniameA primus Sc capoto« 1. Cor.fJ mnium homiuumeledorum. Vel fic, Primogenitus mortuorum, idcA inter refurgenrei i morte, pri. Ephef. 5« mus ad immortalem vitam refurges. Primas etiam inter hos dignitate de caufalitate.Qui autem ante ColoiT.i, C hriAum i morte fufeitari Iegfitur,ad vitam mortalem rurfiis morituri refu Altabantur. Hinc ad Co. Hcbr. x« lofienAs Aribicdc ChriAo ApoAolus, QjiieA primogenitus creaturx, de prioiogcniras osorraorum. loan. 17. IN ACT. APOSTOL. xcii; jagratitudlnm fuimin Chriftumdcflcbunt.Non qudJ & de Ipfi culpa, fcclidam qudd culpa cfl, vel dciofitnGua.vcrc dolcbuntifcdinqaantutncft canla punitionis coram- luxta quod icriptficA, Viden- tes cufbabunturcirnorc horribiIi,gcmente$ pr^ anguftiafpiritus,di«nte$ intra fe poenitentiamagen- tcSjNus inrcnfati vitam illoru acftimabamus infamam. Iflud quoque teftimonium ex pr^allegaca pro- phetia Zacharixaflumptumcft. Quod & in Matth«oChriaiiS commemorat vbi ait, Tunc appare- Zach.tl* bie fignfi tili) hominis in c«lo,& plangent omnes mbuitcrra:.[B t i a m amen] reduplicatio iGa dc« Matt. a4 Cgnat,qudd ita certiftimeae incuitabihicr Gent.Etiam oaque Se Arnen idem fignificant. Deinde ver- ba Chrifti iodudt loannes. [ego fum Alpha & o] A cft prima Utera Graecoram, Se q vItima.Literis itaque iflis fe comparat fcu cxprlmic Chrtftus ad innucndum,qudd ipfc fit vnmcrforum primum prin cipium,ac vltimusfinis.Omniacnim propter feipfumopcratuseft dominus. Hinc quafi verba profa- ta exponens addidit Cbriftus[pR i n e i »■ i v u & finisjcft nempe principium efTeaiuuro, quia crea- Proa. id*.’ cor:& beatificus finis, quia ver« felicitatis obicaum,de ijpft beaiitudo obiefialis cft cIcdorum,qui per Efaiam teflatur. Ego primus, &egonouifsimus. AdipfiimergonoGpfos&omnianonraiugiteror- £^1,44« dinemus,ad cG fem per fy oceriter intedamus: nec pofTumus cilc beati aut bene difpofiti,nifi ad ipfum Hemus conucrfi,a quo fumus exorti[o icit dominus deosjqui folui efi propria authoritate omniu dominas[ojr 1 cftjquomamcffc verum, plcntim,perfcflum,immeDfum,inuariJhilc porsidet,ficutad Aflo.ro, Mofcnait,bgofumquirum.Hrcdiccs,quieftmificroe[BTqmerat]ab«ierno[BTqDivcniuruscft] Ezod.3. ad judicandum de omnibus[o mnitoten s]quia in judicio omnipotentia fiiam demonfirabit po- pfalm. tirsime,iuzta illud in Pralmo,CogQofcetur dominus iudicia faciens.Pofrunc quoque harc verba abfo- lute de dco,d^ de qualibet diuinaezponi perfona, dummodo vitima ifli pucicula, qui venturusefl o- innipotens,exponacur,ficuc iam paulo antcexpofitacfi,de pacrc. Ci^R-o^BQJ^vTio HvtvscAf. ab eo loco, quo ait, [s c o I o a n N b s frater vefier.] ARTICVLVS II. .Rooemio,titu!o,ac falutaiione pr^mtfsis, ponft narratione, Se materiam fibri huius I tangit fub quada communitate, [ego loannes frater vefier] natura religione atque |baptirmatisregenerauoDe.Fraterquoq;,quiadeeirdemprocopUnisparcntibusfe- ^ Icudum carnem, & deeode deo iecundu animam, inita illud MaIachic,Nunquid n5 Malae.z, ■ pater vnus omniu nofiruro?Nunquidn5 deus vnus creauit nosHtcrum frater, quia lob*35* ■ eiurdem matris puta EccIcCf filius, dc ratifie materif :iuxta illud in Iob,Ecce me fi. Beiit te breit deus. Et deeode luto formatus fum.Difcipulositaq^ fiioi ac filios nomi. oat cantus pacer atq; Apofiolus fraies,dans humilitatis exemplu,vt pnelaciin humilicaiepcrmaneac, Sc fc quafi vnu de grege exifiimer.Iuxca iJiud Ecclefiaflici, Reflore ce pofuerant, noli extolli. EHo in : illis quafi vnus ex ipfis[B t particeps in iribulatione].i.io perrequurionibus propter ChriRum illatis vobis coformis.Tunc enim Domitiani perfequueio toti infcRauic ccclefiam[B rregno] .i.cxlcAis pa trix pr^mio, vobis Se mihi parato. Quienim foefi fune tribulationis propter Chrilra, i^ij erunt con Iblatioois in regno e^Iefti cu ChriftoTV cl in regno miliuntis Ecclefi^, cuius membru fum eeo,ficut Sc vosrBTpatiencia]fine qua tribulatio ad regnu non duceret nec prode(Tct.Patietiainquam[i n Chri- flo lefuyi.fecundu voluntatem eius Se ad honore ipfius,i quo vera patientia dacuride quo ait Pfalmi. fla,Verutamcn deo fubiefla cfto anima mca,quomaab ipfo patientia mea. Er, Quonia tu es patientia 7®* meadomine.[p v 1 io infula,qu; vocatur Patmos, propter verbu dei].i.vnigcnitum patris.vei propter prxdicaiionis inflanciS [s t ccRimooium lefu] .1. propter tcflifieaciones, quibus quotidie teflificabar lefiim elfe regi Mclsiam, omniu creatorc,ac fafuatore.Hac nepede caufa milTus eft in exiliu Patmos d Domitiano[p v 1 in fpiricuj.i.metis exceffu fcu ceflafi,vcpoce ab exterioribus fenfibus alicnatus,de ad diuinaveheme(eracfijpernaturaliccreleuacus,quemadmoduinimag(nariisfimul&iocclleflualibus vifionibusprophecar&fiericonfueuic.VndeEzechici,$tacim,inquic,fiiiinfpiritu[i n dominicadie] 1. qui efl dies djuinoruoccupauonibus depacatu$,plusqoimc^eriates.Sicq; verbis prctaflis tangitur coeruentia reuelacionis defaoer fafl? fanflo loanicz parte loci ac tcmpor^.Lociin eo quod ait, mi in intula Patmos. Locus cnimabaliorfi babicationeremoros,quanto quictior,taDCO€6cemplationl,rcue P lationi,oracioniq} aptior.Tcmpoiis verd,dum addit,In dominicodie. Deniq; cum liber ifle fit de vi A ^ .... J A 1L U ..... .. . f .. .. —II j4» .1 1 — Albernis. 9^ r audiuijinceriori non corporali audituf r o s t mc vocem magnam tanquam tul^ diccncis]id cfl. fabalem, angelicam,alta magna Se myflica hgnificaote.Pcr quod angeli loquentia idoneitas ;id fui of- quutioncminouitur.Similehoiccftillad Ezcchielis, Audiuipoftmcvoccmcomotionisma- Ewch. licii exequucionefninouitur.!! gnx.Sed cur ait pofl me,& non potiusintrame,quemadmodu Zacbarias: Angelus, inquit, loqueba. cur in me-.vel fupra me^Refponaet Berengandus, Quafi pofl nosefl quod Ignoramus. Pofl fe loSnes vocem audiuit, quia myfleria que tunc ei rcuelata fuut, nondum perfice coenouerat. Profecerant e- nim apofloli & prophete in reuelitiooibus diuinorom . Q^e vox tube afsimilatur . Nam ficut per tubam ad pugnam nomines prouocantur , ita per verba libri huius fideles ad preba contra pecca- ta diabolum , ac perlecutoram iofaniam inuirancur ac animantur . Veruntamen aliqui dicunt , qudd jfla per angelum reuelata, fuerunt loanniantea mani^fla ; quod intelligi pocefl quantum ad aliqua principalia , Se in quodam communi. Proprerea etiam ait , pofl me , quoniam angelus i contcm- plationedtuinorom , vocauiteum ad confiderationemafluum humanorum. Nam & prelaci ab api- ce contemplationis , quodammodo retrahuntur , dom ad fubditorum curam dt prouidentiam rcoo* IN APOCALYPSIM. CIIL exChriflofpiritalitcrgeniti,mcflegriri*acvircaiu:quiruntoue*iJdcitcramconocand«,& Chri ^ fto captci proxime ioh«rccei;qutChnfti mundiciam ac fandimonia imitantur,& ioci abeo fii per ni- uemckalbanrur:quibus Petrusin prima ruarcribicCanonica,SecuJum cum qui vocauic voifanfiu, i.Pctr.) & vos fandi in omnie6uer(acibe licis. Ac vero licuc Una cH alba, mollis, & calefaditia:(ic ifli fune al. Euch.ii bi per cordis mundicia, molles per docilicare ac micicacem,habcncc cor carneum ad furccpcioncm de. uocionisapcifsimu:calefadiuum propriie mencts ac proximorum per infufum fibi diuinum amorem* Nix vero eil frigida,ira Sc ip(t cocupifcencic carene tcruore, Sc frigidi fune a mundi huius amore [c t oculi eius canqua Hama ignis] Nam vifus Chriili clarirsimus,acu(irsimus,calidirstmusq; cuilOir,di* ccnce Apoftolo,Omnia nuda dcaperca fune oculi eius. Mens etenim ChriAiplenaedzeloxqaicaris Hebr.4 ac fapiecia.Per hoc quoq; oftedicur,^ Chriili afpedus valde cerribilis eric iniudis.Vnde cuflodes fc- pulcnn vifo angelo, cuius afpcflus erae vt fulgur, fidi fune vclutamcces Sc morcui.Oculi infup Chri hi vocantur (epee dona fpus fandi, quf fuerunt Sc fune inanima Chrini.de quibus fcriptfi cil, Super lapide vadfepce oculi fuoc. lapis enim angularisedChridos.OcuIi liliin anima ChriOi lucent dar Zach.i* dent vc Hama. Q^ida per oculos Cbriiliinceiliguc Aponolos,pr;dicacores,dodorcs,quoru enalio. ru corda illuminare ac inflamarc.[B t pedes eius fimiles aurichalco, ficuc in camino ardeci] Per quod datur inceiligi,^ finis ChriHi in feculo iilo per amarjfsima pafsionc fdic, cuius Sc pedes clauis crasfi. g xi cofbrmaci funt aurichalco.Haymoautc Sc Beda p pedes incelliguc Chridianos in fine feculi cepo. re Antichrini:^erunc extremi dvlumi,(jcuc pedes luntexcremu dvltimu corporis.ini iimilcserue aurichalco,quod en xsp igne d plura medicamina perduduadauri colore: ficilli per acerbiTsimas pcrfecutiones exercebu cur ae perdueeeur ad plenu charitatis fiilgoretideo fubdicur, ficuc in camino ar denci.i.tribulatioe ingeci.Qui etii aurichalco pocius^qua auro ariimllatur.quia d fi primus Ecclefic iandis fimiles fine fucun\in pfedionc virraiG; non tamen ita rpledebit, aut innocefccc corii pfcdio p miraeula,Gcucprioru fandoru.[B t vox illius canqua vox aquarumulcarujXcIoquencia eius fonoia acq*, magnifiea fliir.Per quod loquentis authoricai defignatur,Gcut d fupra percurbam.Sed quia per aquas populi exprimuntur, ideo vox eius quafiaquarG multaru auditur, quonia gentes quamplurim^ fidem ChriniampIexcfunt.VndcBereogandus, Per voce aquaru multarG multitudo gennu,qu; ad fide Chrifii cucurrit, fignatur.Ec Beda, Vox, inquit, c6fersionis,pr«dicationis,d laudis no in ludxa tancu.fed in diuetfis populis refbnat.Iuxta illud in Efaia, A finiV terr; laudes audiuimus gloria iuOi. Q^odauichomfmodt vox deceat Chridu, pacet p illud £zecbtelis,Audicba fonu alarii, quad fonum aquanl mQlcaru,qua(ironufublimls dei. Rurfus vox ChrifU canqua vox aquarum multaru aflerirur: quonia ipfeen fonsopuIcncirsimut,ex quo flumina gratiaru proccdunc,fluenca fapienric deriuarur, riaivirtutunafeuntur.[BThabcbatindcxterafuanellasfeptem]StelI?hxfuntcpifcopi,reu paflores f^n.p* C prxfacaru Afic ecclenarum:qui ndlx dicuntur,quia illuminat lubditos,d in Chriflo (raaqua in fir> mamencoflxxdilcc) runtcolloeaci.Magnaecia pocenaceacinfluenciapr^diti. Vndein Danielele l^^nie.ii gitur,Qni adiuniciaeradiucplurimos,quaGnellxin ppetuas cternitaces fiilgebut. Dcniqi Gcurcan dela ponitor fup cande]abru,lca epifeopos fuperecclclia:d vc Bella orbe ccelenc,Gc prolatus dignus ornat eccieGi.Scellf ifl^ ad dextera fune Chrini,quia eius graciofo auxilfo iugiter innicucuriGne quo nil meritorie operatur, (ecundu quodaic,SinemcnihiI poccBis facere. Erquiain^iricalibus Chrifli loan.if bonis atq; incernis cu(olaciombus,quc nomioedcxterxdcGgnacur, quiclcanc. Itc quia in dieiudicij Mar.a^ flabucaddextera.Nuncquoq; in exiis funt p amore d vic^imitactonc.Deniq; dcipfa EccleGadici> Pf>^> 4*. tor ChriBoyAdicit regina i dextris tuis in vcBicu deaurato.Epifcopi autc,canqua Bicccflores ApoBo ]oru,func principalis pars huius ccc1cGx.[b t de ore cius gladius ex veram parce acutus exibat] i.fen. Mac* a S teotia iufti tudieii oimisdunTsimarcprobis,d verbuarperrimu.r. Ite maledidiin igne xcernum. Vel gladius iBeeB in Euangelica dodrina ChriBt, vitia refecan$,parte carnale occidens, homines mutuo ^ charifsimotabmuice ^peer dcG corporaliter dioides.Vnde ait, Non veni paci mtt(cre,fed gladiu.Et Mar.to' PfalmiBi, Accingere gladio tuo, fup famur tuu potctifsimc.In Efa.quoquc loquitur ChriBus vt ho- Luex. 1 x mo,PofnitdfisoxmeuquaGgladifiacutu.PrxtercaaduerteDdu;9 angelus loanni apparens in fpccic Pf*I- 44 ChriBi,repr?fcntauttChriBu vtfacerdotcaciudicc.Idcircocnim podere videbatur ?cBii% d canos Efa. 4^'^ D habeos:quia adfacerdoce ac iudtce canities atq; xtatis maturitas pertinent condecencer . Nempe, vx terre cuius princeps puer. Ad iudice vero gladium certu cB pertinere .Verum in Canticis vbi Chri- E ccic. 1 a, fhisdefcribttur vt fponfusadqnc fpedac iuuenrus,capillieius nigri dicucur.Bcrcngandus per gladiu Canti.5. fBuffl intelligic ChriBianos,qui in nne contra AntichriBi errores prxdicado pugnabunt, [e t ficies ciusGcucfonucetin virtute fna] ChriBus enim cB lux mudi,d clarioromnicreato.Quid ante paf iione in transAguracide viTuseB vultu radiare vcfol.Eccu admirabili fulgore apparuit loanni. Qjii- foan. S. dam auK perrolemincelIiguncEccleGam,quantum ad Bacam rueglorihcationispoBgencralem re- Mar. 17 ittrrcdioncm,quando (ChnBotcBantc) iuBi fulgebunt vt fol io regno patris coru. Porro quod ait in Mare.p. virente rua,poccB referri ad ChhBu,quiruavirtuteitarpledebac: velad folccii* virtus illuminatiua Mac. 13 hora meridiana maxime demoBracur.Q^emadmoduautc i folccunda fyderaac reliqua corporalia clarificitur.Gc i ChriBo,xterno fole tuBicixac fipietix oes dedi irradiantur: d Ggnaiu cB Bip nos lumen vultus eins.[B tcG vidiflem cum, cecidi ad pedes cius canqua mortuus,] Totum iBudin imagi Sapien.^ nariaviGoncGcbac.EB auie homini naturale,vt in talium iofolitoruafpeducx fuafrasilitatcdebili. Pfalm. 4 tetQr,reroluacur,d t^Bupercac.Quemadmodu Oaniel ait ad angelum, Domine in vifione tua difTo> Dani. 1 o lute fune cdpagesinex,d nihilinmeremanGc viriu.Sed d halitus meus intercluditur. Vnde jpphe* Ezcch.a. tx viGs mi rabilibai dei,c5muniter fe corruifre fatencur.Tres quoq; apoBuli cum ChrsBu cransHgu» racG Brpiccrent,comieninC in ccrram.Cccidic qnoque loanncs per humilitatem, d ChriBi maieBate I Cap.: D; DIONYSIVS CARTHVSIANVS Mat^. confpeda proprii pjniitacc magis pcrpcJtr.Hz quo ctu cafu innuitur, quod quanto quis diuinitatis B iubUmiuic cUriui ccrnic in via, unco plus vidcc le abeius comprchcnonedcficcrc,occ poiTc reactcra mcncis in eius claritatem, fecundfi quod in leipfa eH iigere:Gcqi profundius feipium humiliai,4^ deo altirsimo reuercntialiusfe proflernit.{^e t pofuic dexteram fua (bper me dicens] Sic enim in imagina ria viHone loanniapparoic.Per quod datur intelligi,quod fpiricualicer cG confolabatur, confortautr, erexit.[NOL i limcrej immoderanrerex maicftatis mcc metuendo & inconfuetoaipedu. lui ta hunc Ezech. X modudidueft EzecnieIi,Fili hominis ftafupra pedes luos.Ecingrenuseft in me (pQs,& dixit, Neti Hicre.f* meas. Et Hieremias ait,Milicdns manuruam,& tetigit osmeu,&c.Daniel quoq^Cmilitudinemanus Damc.to ad ie perbibet mt(Tam,qu«fecoofortauic. [EOorumprimus& nouirsimusj eoienfu quoiam dixit, Ego lum Alpha & o,prmcipiu & Enis.Q^sIibet autS diuina perfona dici poieil prima atq; nouif* lima:& omnes fimul (unt vnus primus, & vpus nouifsimus.Q^ia in hac ruperbeatifsima Trinitate ni hil eO prius aut poflcrius,& iplae tres perfonx funt omniu rerum vnu pnmu principium,& vnus vi- cimus Hnis:(icuc fune vnus Deus^vnus creacor,vna natura [e t fum viuui] vita diuina & increac4,vi- Inan.T4 creata humana [b t fui mortuus] fecundu naturam aiTumptamfB reccefum viuensinfzca Roma.O* Izcuioru] ChriOusenim refurgens ex mortuis, iam vitra non moritur.Quafi dicat, Cu talis accan tus Hm, debes mihi congratulari lanquam charifsimo dfio,cui in pafsione condolui Qi , non formida- loan.i^ re.Ex his confunduntur omnes, qui Chriilu puram creaturi ciTc mentiti fune. Tunc enim primus no F : ciTct [b t habeo claues mortis 3c inferni.] Q^i claue domus haber, quem vult intromittit : que vulr, ab ingreiTu repellit. ChriAus itaq^ ciaoes mortis Sc inferni habere fe aiTerit, quia que vult a morte pcc cati ac poenis inferni mifcricorduereripit, vel pr«reruat:& quem vult, uAc relinquit atO', condeoar. V nde claues iAz fqpt iudiciarta ChriAi poteAas, virtus & fapientia.Si autc infernus pro loco, quo pa Ofec.13 fanSidetincbantur,accipiacur:Ac ChriAusde inferno quofdam inrefurredionceduxir.Proptcr Sapie.itf. <)u^din Olea loquitur. Ero morsroad mors,morfut tuus ero inferne. Ec Sapiens, Tu domine vtcz 1. Ree.i. ^ mortis bibes imperiu.Iteroqi alio locn,Dns mortificat, de viuificat‘deducitadinferos, & rcduciu Prxfataautc noccAateetia Ecclefizfax CbriAus ^portionabAitercomunicauit,cumfpm fanfiuin- loan.io. Aiffl^ndo in ApoAoIos loquutu$eA,Q^oru dimileritis peccata, remittentur cis, de quorfi rctinueru us retenta cjrunt.[s c lu b e ergo quz vidiAi] de que nunc cibi oAcndi,de opera mea, quz ce cernente Barach.t hominibus conuerfaodo in terra [b t quz funt] .i. quz nunc in Ecclefia peraguntur, d: que ^ hilcles quotidie patiuntur [a t quz oportet fieri dio poA bzc] przfencia quz per decurfum tempo- rum fient in populoChriAianOfponlsimetempore AntichriAi,vidclicet, tribulationes iuAorumex hoc vlque 10 finem fcculieuenturas.liaquc feribe de expone [s acrambnttm feptem Aellaru] u {aerum (ecretum,fiuemyAerium quoddeltgnancevbialiud vidcrur,aluidqueintelligitur [OJ' diAi in dextera mea, de lepeem candelabra aurea.] Porro quid At llz lAz dgnifieeni , angelus pandie O * [s e PT B M Acl!z,aogelifunt]i.f»tcmepifcopot feuprzIatosreprzfenUt[sE pt b m ccclcfiamm] Afiz,iuxia modum pr(hahitum.£r quomodo illi fepee ecclefiz vniuerfas dcfignacecclefiaSiica hi fe- ptem angeli feu przlati eundos ccclcfiaru prolatos nue pontifices. Cum enim angelus nuncius inter- pretetur, Epifcopt,qui i deo funt dcAinati ac ordinati vc voluntatem przcentaque det ouncieac,re- Mala. a. de angeli luncvocaii.lmo cum tnMala.non tantum Epifcopus .fed & faccraos angelus nuncu^nn conAat Epifeopostmi facerdutfi funt prindpes,congrucniias angelos dici. Siecnim fcripiu cft illic. Labia faccrdotiscuAodiuntfcientiam, de legem requirent de ore eius: quia anctus domini eacrcitull cA. Denique (iuxia diuinum DionyGum) fupremu ordinis inferioris cum ini^o ordinis fupertoris przctpuam habet conucnienua,de interdu nomen vniustranfitad alium. Cum ergo angelus proprk iit nomen cmlcAium fpirituu infimi chori feu ordinis,Epifcopus vero fupremfi quid fit in £cclcfia« Aicabierarchiaiconuenicntii magnam fortitifunt,di vnum nomine alterius defignatur. [et repten candelabra] f.aurea [se p t e u ccciefiz funt]fecundfi fenfum dt raiionespr^babitas Nam dc prola- ti lubditoru facultatibus ruAematur,(lcut candelz a candelabro.Totus vero hic liber oblcuniatifms, & metaphoricis !oquutionibusplenuseA:ied quzda ab angelo exponfitur,vt^ ea detur nobis introi Matth.5 tus ad intclligeniiam aliorum. C^z idcirco ab ipfo non exponuntur,vtAudions detur occafiobonz lob»i a. excrcitacionis,d: fpiritus.Cilluminaeione indefinenterefnagitent:& ne fandu canibus detur, ne.f.my Aeria Ecclefiz propalentur indignis Etenim faeramemum regis abfeondere bonum cA. «.BtVCIDATIO CA?. J I. Tb T angelo Ephefiecciefiz feribz.] a R t 1 c. ut. Apoc.i. Rzcedenti capitulo dixit angelus Ioanni,vt fibioAefaeccIefi/s Afif fenbercfrnCc eiinfinuaty^d vnicuiqi ecclcfiarfi illarfi feriberedebeat [e t angelo] .i.przfuli de paAori[B PH B 1 1 ecclefiz]^ EphefifspFuic [scr 1 b e] Cuitdcirco primo feri P oitur,qa in Afia minori Ephefusfuit metropolii. Sieq; eptTcop*eius,tanq metro poli(aous,authoritate Sc dignirate eziicit maior. V nde ficut eius defedos alijs no cuir,fie emcdacio eius aliis zdificaioria fuit. Sacerdos autc d: potifez ^ter ratio- nes ^cedenti articulo introdudat angelus nominatur, quia in terris angelica viti pani. IO imitari tenetur, p mentis dt.corporiseanitate.Incarne liquide fine carne vioere, angelicu phibetur. 5ecGdo,perconieplationisfynceritaie.Tercio,pergregi$fui vigilante cuAodia. Quarto, perca qua inter deu de bominc fequcAer eA mediatione . Nam ficut angeli noAra obfequia ofTcrur deo, oraniq^ pro nobiSfde dei munera graiiofa nobis referunt de ^curant:ita facerdos Sc pfiiifex grrgis fui preces, vota,boAus immolat deo,cuiusgratiS impetat populo. Quinto, na (icuc angelus funerior inferiore purgat, illuminat,perficit:fic prziatos fibi fubicdos purgarc,ttluminare, perficere debet.[^H ae c di- Apoeo* cte qiu tenet iepeem Actias io dextera fua] j. Epifeopos iepeem ecclefianim Afiz , gratiofe coofcrou H IN APOCALYPSIM. CIIII. , A «cdirigit,ncuepr^cc(Jc(i articulo plenius fiiicexponcu[<^ i atnbuhcin medio fcpte candelabrorum aureoru].i.eccle(iaru.Dicicur aute Chriilus ambulare tn medio bdeliC,no hinc inde localiter progre« diendo:icd corda crcdenciu vintado,vartosq; in cisefTedus agedo: & nuc ^(perisnucaducrHs czer cedo.Vnde Mofesatt,Dhs deus tuus ambulat in medio caOroru. Et Apofi. Vos eOistemplu dei vi* Deut.tj. ui|(icut dicit dilSjQuonia inhabitabo in illis & inambulabo, & ero illoru deus. Hoc modo deus vadic a.Cor.p, cum fuis,recundu(^ Mofes orat, Si non tuipfe ambulaueris nobiTcu ne educas nns de loco iHo. lacob Exod. 33 quoq- in GencH proteilacuriquemadmodudeusfuerit focius fui itineris. luilumnanq; deduxit domi Gene. 33 nus per vias redas.lmo in tantu ducit deus clementifsimus Aios eledos, corda eoru io omnibus diri- Sapie. 1 o gcnao,cIarihc4ndo,tucnJo,fouendo,vtdicat vir fanfius,TenuiAi manu dextera mea, Ac in voluntate P^a].y^ tua deduxiAi me.Deniq^ elegos tenet ChriAus in dextera Au per praedeAinationc , ambulatq^ in eis per di>noruinfufionem[sc 1 o]per approbatione[op b r a tua] qiicantcfcctOt,ez charitate fluxe* runr.vel ccia qux nunc agts.Sienim in bono non perfeueraiTcCfbuna prseterita fuiifent mortiflcata,& omnm iuflitiaru eius deus no FuilTcc memoratus Sicut per E^echtcle fatetur , Si iuflus flccerit iniqui- Ezceh 3« tate.omnes iuflitias eius no recordabor. De hac approbationis fcictia loquitur Paulus , Si quis diligie i.Cor.8 deu hic cognitus ellabeo.Ec Mo(t dn$loques,Tc,inquic,cognouiex nomine [e t la^rciutij in mi i .Tim.a oiflcrio det,& curaarq; regimine fubdicoru. De quo hortatur ApoA. Labora iieuc bonus miles Chri- B Ai.Laborequoqi que habuiAi rcniledo hxrericis ac peruerfis, corporis ctia afflidionem omnem^; co natu pro v itiis extirpandii, atque virtutibus inferendis [e t patientia ruam] adualc Ac h Jbitualc,qua aduerfa aequanimiter fuilinescnon admittendo inordinata triflitiam contra aliquc, nec ad teipfum.Pa lientiancpeeflvirrus moraIif,parsionccriftitie moderans acreirenSs. Quxvirtqs omni Cnrifliano potiTsimeaeccirirtacOjCU per mulcas tribulationes ojiortcac nos fatuari [et quia nu potes rudinerc Ad. 14 malosj.i.vit/a eoru difsimuIare,A: palpare no vales;quis natura, j^rfonamq; diligas. Nam Ac inimi- Matih. f , cos iubemur diligcre,cibare,potare,imo bonu pro malo reddere. £c Pfalmiita ccflacur,Cu bis qui ode Rom.t a runc pace, eram paciflcus.Itaq^ huic verbo, quo laudatur ifle Epifc.quiamalosfuAinereno pocuir,nu Pfal.u^* repugnat illud Gregoni,Qui maloru prauitatem xquairimiter fuftinere no potefl,tpfe fibi per impa lieneia fium ceflis ell,quu bonus non cft. I lludquc AuguAini, Bonus no liiic qui malos funinere non potuic.Nonenimexalioru malitia flue mole(lia,irangi vel cocuci debet patientianoflra. Nihilomi- nus illoru impietas per charitate Sc telum iuflitix cA increpanda ac punicda,pocifsime i prxIacocAc quando cA fpes de corredlonccoru.Rurrus quida fune mati, qui comune bonum Eccleflc conantur cerrum pere,Ac lAi non funt ruQincdi,ncut hxretici,dicenrc ApoA. Hxrecicu homine poA vna & fe- cunda correptione deuica.AIi) fune peccatores, qui bonu cumiine conuperenon intendur.Ac iAi fune fuAinendi,du fperatur eorum correaio.Vnde circa hunc locG loquitur Bcreng. Dehzretids mihi di C dum videcur.;Naproximorumalaaliquadoreprehendedo corrigcredebemus,tcpore.f.opportuno; aliquado tolerare, vc quos corredio non cm^ac,paticcia ad emendatione ^uocer. quxris fallere deu, qui cordiu occulta conGderat>Si zelus dei in te cA,cur oculi tui per diuerfa vagan lur more diabolico,denderans potius malu videre q bond^DcGderans in proximo videre malu quod rcprehcdis,non bonu vnde xdiGceris?5unt ctia multi, quicos i qbus aliqua iniuni perculerunt, ecia pro minimis culpis impatieter infedantuneos vero quos diligunt, no folu non reprehcdunt,imo tora virtute defenduc.O infelix amicicia,qu^ illu que diligit tacedo Ac defendedo diabolo traditrillG vero, cui iratus cA reprehedendo i diabolo abArahit.Hzc ille [b t tetanieos,q fe dicunt apoAolos eGTe,Ac nu funt] Hos tecaAi dodrina eoru (apieccr pefando,cu eis folicite eoferendo, opera eoru euGderSdo. Sic enim aicSaluaror,A frudibuseorG cognofcccis eos. De quibus Romanis fcnbit ApoA. Huiufmo Ma(ch.7« di pfeudapoAoIt no ChriAo, fcdfuo vctridcferuiur.I Ai fuerunt hzreticijquifeiChriAominbs dice Rom.itf, bac: vc Ebion,Marcion,Ac Cherinthus, qui tunc in AGa cofurrezerut[B t inueni Ateos mcdaces] ver z.Cor.ix D bis Ac adibas [e t patientia habes] vitiofam rriAicia,feu turbulentia o5 admittcd6.Sicq{ non obuiat huic verbo quod didu cA, no potes fuAinere malos jBTfuninaiAi]iofeAatioes illorG ac perfecutio- Ecclef. i. nes atq*, labore in gregis rai defenGone ab illoru infeAacione [proptbr nomen meu].i. amore met Galat. A Ac jppeer mateAaris mez honore, Ac n6 propter propriu emoIumencu,feu bonG priuacQ [e t non de- fecilli] difricolcate,qu^eAinaduerGrat{i ppefsionc fuccubedo.Hincin EccLTcripcd cA,ln humilita- te tua patientia habe. Et ApoA.Benefacieces(inquit)noIite/icficcre[s b o habeo aduerGim re pauca] Comendatione pr^iGaincrepationefubiungit,quatamen fobrie promit dicedo pauca. NS in mul- tis oAendimus oes.Pcr qood informamur, vt lique reprehendere volumus, primo bonacius comemo rando,beneuolentia eius captemus:Ac ne nimis afpcre increpatio proponacur,fed magis In fpu boni- ucis,niG fhrte ratio aliud poAuler, propter caufas [qjt o d charitate tuam prima reliquiAi] SecundG Haymonc non r»rehenaiturpr^ulinerationefui,(edquorundafubditoruipGusmaIoru. Ide vide- tor Beda fentlre. Porro Berengandus hic ait,Multi Gjnt,q initio cuuerGonis fuz in reruitio dei feruen tes cxiAunnfed ^ceflu teporis cepercunt Quod prulieccleGz EpheG manifenG cA coiigilTe.Alii af- ferunt,increpatione iAam dirigi ad epifeopu hunc non folu prorc,fed Sc pro fubdicisfuis.Scd lirerc magis confonare videtur,^ Epifeopus principaliter increpatur, nuq> charitate abfolaic ami(erir,tn mortale ruedoifed ^ phAinu cbaritatis ardore, Ac qu^daopa charicatisomifrrit. lam enim dixit dris •pprobare fc opera eius, Ac 9 no defecerit lidcirco dicendum, 9 non defecit, Ac defecit. Defecit quidc Cip.: D. DIONYSIVS CARTHVSIANVS i prc&to ftruore,non penims ab amore, & adtbus charkatis. Refert Lyra, ^ ezpoGtores cumoniter B dicunt Epifcopu tOfi fbiite Timo<hed,quc Paulus EphcGjs pr^fecerar.ego tamen in nullo expoiltore id Icgt.Reprobat etiam Lyra difiu illoru expodtoru.Quia vc ipfe affirmat,!!!) ex hoc mouccur,^ cir ca tcporaiUanullusexeclientior Timotheo legitur E^cHoru rexilTeccclefia. Fateor quod iAud mo tiuu inualidu c(rec,venintamen dido lAoru aliquid certius pofTet apparentia facere.Siquide in exor- dio fecundx EpiAolz ad Timotheuferibicide ApoA. Admoneo tc ?trefufcite$graiiideiquccA in le.Noli erubefeere teAimoniu dni noAri lefu ChriAi.Vbi expofitores concorditer aAruont, T imo theusabundaim'atribulationualiqua!iterfTadusruic,ac rcmirsiusegit. Propter quod in EpiAota illa a.Tim.l. ad martyrium hortaturcuniApoA.SedquicquiddciAodicatur,toceriu puto an Epifeopui hic incre patus fuerit Timotheus, [memor eAo iiaq; vnde exciderit] .i.dc quali charitatis teruore, operum^; inAjntu,repcfcendopaulatim,&tuucircal'ubdicosofricmremirsiusadimpIendo[E t age poeniten tiam]9>in via dei non continue profeciAi[ET primaopera fae].i.tam firruenter ac abundarer ope« rare q.ic bona funt,Gcut tepore primi tuifcFiioris.Sed quia rcmilsi vicirsim cominatione magis quam blanda admonitione corriguntur, rubmngitur[s i autem] .t.G ita non feceris [venio tibi uio] infe rendo v md ida celeriter [a t mouebo candclabru tuu dc loco ruo,ni(i poenirencia egeris] .i.cccleGafn Efa.ix. tuam tollam i cc,iraq> non przerisei, necquiefcctin te Acucin patre&capire,rccundu9per Efaia dns indigno ait prailato, Expelia tede Aati&e tua. A: de miniAcrio tuo deponam te.Rurfus ne EpiTco F pus iAe ex increpatione hac exarperetur,vcl ab aliis contcmnatur,i dno commendatur [s b d hoc ha Au«n A. [QJ' i a odiAi fada N icolaiiarG ,quc & ego odi] Secundum AuguA. libro dc herefibus, Nicolaus iAe luit vnus de reptem Diaconis primi$:qui cu culparetur , ^ vxorem fua quae pulcherri- ma erat nimis zelaret, volens fe de hoc excuhire, dixit, Non curo quid faciaetqui vult vtaiur ea. V nde vt dicicur,tranli|r in vrumcomunem.Quod fadu imitati fune aliqui. Thomas in fummacotra gen- tiles affirmat. q> Nicolaus pr;dicauit,multeres debere cAe comuncs,(icut Sc cetera bona extcriora,qti{ in primitiua EccIcGa erant comunia. Porro in SebolaAiea biAoriadiciiur,^ Nicolaus iAe vixit fan- de Sc caAeTcd volens fe cxcufare de vitio zdotypic, dixit cora apoAo!is,bcce vxor mea,q vult eam accipiat, Non incendens per boceam comun)€are,fed fecxcaTare. Veru incontinentes verbG cius in peius Interpretantes, dixcnmt vxores debere cAe cumunes: Sc id Nicolaum dixiA*c.Ec lAi vocati fune Nicolaita::contra quorQ errore & opera vitiofaprfdicauithicEphcfioru anuAcs. [qjt t habet aure] interiore: pura mente capace [ a v d t a t] auditu corporali, A cQ habuerir,arqi mentali j. dilige ter ad- uertat [qjr t o frus dicateccieA)s].i.fpAs fandus de quo ait Saluaior, Spus bUrphemia non rcmltci- Mar.ti. homrfntbos.Vcl (piritui.i.dcusirinus Sc vnus. Spiritus enim cA deus. Et ApoA.aic, DAsfpGs cA« Marci. 3. Hunc medum loquendi ChriAiis in Euangelio habet, dicendo, Q51 habet aures audiendi auoiac. Ec ad Ezechicle dns aic, Domus Ifracl aures habent ad audiendu,& non audiunt, [v i n c e N t 1] cun- G da aduerfa per paticntia,pcrfeueranti vfqj in Ancm, dominanti animo fuo,rupcraoti mudi vanitates, carnales afiedus, diabolica leocamcca [dabo edere de ligno vit9].i.ineupAus beatiAca fruicioc refi- ciam cu [^ o D cA in padifo dei mei^i.io patria beatoru,in loco voluptatis dcificc, in eccIcAa triu- phante.ChriAus autc Iccundu quod oomo,deu Aium nominat coeleAis paradiA dominatorem. Chrt Aus vero ligou vit; vocatur, fecundu quod de fapictia Salo.loqtur,Lignu vir^ eA omnibus apprebea dentibus ea. Ipfe AquideeA viride lignu,& fruduoArsima arbor,i qua vita gratia vitaq^ glori; ema- nauic,quirui$etedi8immortalicateconcedit.Q3i licet vbiq*, At per diuinitatis natura, ik in EcdcAa militante per lacramemalc prxfentiaiin regno tamen cceleAi proprie Sc aperte conAAcre dicitur, vbi Pfal.i <. cernitur. Cui ait PfalmiAi, Adimplebis me Ictitia cu vultu tuo. Er, Satiabor efi appame Pialiitf. gloria tua.Hoc pr;miu etiam ChriAus fpondct,diccndo,Q3t diltgit me, diligetur d patre mco;& loan.14. (go <IAigam eu,dc manifcAaboci meipAim. Hinc pr;indudis verbis oes Epircopi,prclati,& fubdici,qi priAinochariratis feruore jpl^pA Aiot, admonentur poenitentia agere, & ad priore feruore ae agilitatem in fandis operib* Gnc oilationere- uerti.Quod lamcnpraelatis omnibus fumme neccAariu extac. Confequeter airigiiur fermo ad Smyr neoru cccleGc ^fule.[E T angelo Smyrnx ecclcGae feribe.Hfc dicit primus Sc noujTstmus, q fuit mor tuus & viuit].L lefus Chri Aus,de quo verba i Aa ante feripta funt atq; expoGca [s c 1 o].i. atteodo,ap probo,remuneraredifpono[TR I bvlationem cuaVi.moIc Aias, quas ab bxreticis & tyrannis,! Rbcllibut & peruerGs,tmo £ ab inuiGbilibus boAibas fuflines*. non folu in tdpfo, fed in populo tibi comiAb:quorom tribulatio tuam auger, quibus in profperis congratularis, in aducr fis copaicris [a T pai^rtarem tuam] in temporalibus rebus,quia & tua pauperibus crogaAt, Sc infideles tc ac nioi fpo liaAe creduntur [s b Ddiucses].Un rpintalibus opulentus, virtutibus, quzfunt verae diuitiaranimi, pfi y. plenus. Diuitix enim falutisfapicntiadc fcientia.ee minirofi bonum gracix ac virtutum, prcAantiiis cA eundis terrenis dtuitijs.Denique,quanto quis dei amore perituras diuitias amplios (pernir, <0 in anima exoberatius locupletacar:ficuc in beato FraciTco oAenftim eA. Ec quanto quis temporales diui tias diligentius quxric,eoin anima exeat pauperior [b Tblarphemaris].i.bUfpbenms vocaris, vitupe rarii,conicneris [a b his qui fe dieunt ludxos e(Te,& no Ainc,fcd funt fynagoga Satanx] .i.cogrega- tio ad diaholu percioens.lAi fuerunt ludxi fecundCi camis propagationem , non fecundum virtotum imitatioaem,ncc fecundum oominis fui ioterpreutionem. ludxi enim confitentes ioierpretabantur. IN apocalypsim: cv. A iAi AUtc Chrt/lu negabant.De quibos ait Apoft. Videte Ifrael (ecundu carnem.Hinc noD fiieiunt di* Mi ludci vocari, fecaodu ^ incredulia ludiis ait Saluator, Si fili) Abraha; eiUs, opera Abrah; faeire. i.Co.f ^ C^afi dicar, Cii eius virtuccs o5 imicemiDi.nu cAis digni eius filij nuncupari. Ideo fubdic. Vos ez pa loan.iS Bfc diabolo cAjs.[n i h i l horu timeasquaepafruruicsj.i.corporales aAlidiones,& varias impugna- tiones^icenim hortatus eA ChriAus, Nolite timere eos ^ corpus occidunt.Et alibi dicitur, (^is ni Mat.io,' vc timeas ab homine moruli,& i filio hominis.q quafi fcenii arefcit^Porro q deii fibi arsiAcre, «ter. £fa. 51. numq) praemiti dare paratficonfiderat,poteA dicere cii Pfal.Dfis illuminatio mea& falus mea,qoem Pfal.atf cifflcbo?Ons ^tcAor vite meae i quo trepidabo? Et, No timebo milia populi circund^tis me [e c c e Pralmj miOiiruse A diabolus ex vobis in carcer£].i.fuggercte diabolo, aliqui de grege vcAro ab infidelibus in- carcerabuntur.PoceAq; nomine carceris quaehbpt cribulaciodefignan fv Tteotemini].i.patientia ve- Ara p aduerfa ^betur, & aliis ad fdificationc inootefcat.I uzta illud, T anqua aurii in fornace jpbagie suAos dfis.Et, Vafa figuli ^bat fbrnaz,homines aute luAos tentatio tribulationis [ b t habebitis tri- bulatione diebus decem] Per hoc intcliigi poicA, ^ tribulatio hxc diebus decem durius feuiebatzfic enim Berengandus exponit. Ali) per deceaies intelligunt totu tempus vits prefentis^in quo in dece prcceptis exerceri dcKamus.Et quia frequenter per numeru determinatu , indeterminatus ezpriroi- tur,ficut in Pralmo, Memor fuit teAamenti foi.verbi quod mandauit in mille generaiiones.Ei in lob, En dccks confunditis me [b sto fidelis] XcoAans in fide atq; iuAicia fv s qj e ad mortem] inclu- ^ fiue,(jcut TanAus lob aic, Donec deficia,non receda ab innocentia mea.Hinc in Ecclef.dicitur,Pro iu Aitia agooizare pro anima tua,& vfqj ad morte cesta proiuAitta : & deus expugnabit prote.Et mr- rum,EAo firmus in via dni,& in veritate ienfus tui. Debemus aute deo fidelitatem immobiliter obfer nare [e T dabo tibi corona vitx].i.pr«fflium clTentialebcatorfi in patria, quod aurea dicitur, & men tem coronat regiDammefTidt,ac omne mortis occafumexcludit.De quo fertur in PralrnCyPofuiAiin Pfal.to capite eius corona de lapide preciofo.Et alibi, Accipiet iuAi r^n(i decoris, & diadema fpcciei de ma Sapien. ) na dfii.Huic verbo cofonai ulud lacobi,Beatua vir qui fuAert ccnraiionc, quomi cum probatus fue- rit xccipiec corona vice, quam repromific deus diligentibus fe.Icaqi preueremus vfq-, in fineiquienim in fincpfeuerauerit (Chri Ao ceAate) faluus erit.QuipfirAus cA, amore boni pfcuerat in bono. Oeci. Mar.i4» di poteAyAeAi n5 poteA.Q^i imperfedus, falce amore pr^ mij preueret. Non enim fune codignse paf Gregor. Aones huius teporis ad ventura gloriam.Hioc Hebrcosmonec ApoA.dicens,Deponeces omnepon Rom.8. dui & ctfcAAant nos peccacu,per patientia curramus jppofitu nobis certamen: afpiciences in autno- Hcbr.ia. rem fidei lefum,vt non fatigemur animis ooAris. [qj i habet aures, audiat quid fpfis dicat eccleC)s.] Ho€nunecxpofitfi.[Qjr 1 vicerit] ea que aduerrancurralati,acdiTplicenc deo [non Icdeturimor. Apo.ai terecunJa].t.adanacione «terna ieu poena inftmi,qucinfra mon fecunda vocarnr.PoteA quoq; per AUKitai C mortem fecunda intelli^i culpa,quc animam l«dit ac perimit. Porro fccondix AlberiA, peccatum re- Ae mors dicitur.quonia ficut mors corporalis feparat animam i corpore, ab amicas, i diuiti) s,i viTo, imo ab omni coiporeo feofutCc peccatu feparat mente i deo, ab angelis,cuoAifq) fandis, i fpiritali- bos diuitijsyi vilu intemo,ac exteris fpiritalibus fenfibus. Rurfus mors aoim« puta peccatam morri corporis afstmilatur io molris.Nam primo corpus diAemperatnr, deinde infirmatur, poAea moritur. Hinc cAercur,repclirur,tapide operitur, nouirsime i vermibus cofamicar.Sic anima primo diAepera- tur per mala aAediooe, infirmatur per noxia delcAatione, moritur per cofenrum, effertur per opera, iepelitur per eonfuemdine malam,operitur lapide per obduratione,ignibus vermibusq; «tienc tor- quetur io finem. Pr«tereaaduerteodu,^ memoratd Smyro« pontifice quida affirmant fuiffe beatum Polycarpfi:& lud«os incredulos in vrbetlla morantes excicafieperrequutione contra PolycarpAft eius diTcipuloSyinflamaodo gentiles contra hos ChriAianos:in qua perfeqoutiooe multi CoriAiano- rum fuerunt occifi/andufque Polycarpus in ignem proiedus. V bi cQ non l«deretur,tandc gladio cc fus mtgrauic ad CbriAA.Conrequcmcr ad prcfulem PergameoCs ecclefis fermo dirigitur, [e t ange lo eeclefis Pergami feribe, H«c dicit, qui habet rhompbeam ex vtraq; parte acutam] «i. CnriAns de quo Cupra diccbacur,Deore eius procedebat gladiusex veraq-, parte acutus , quod ibide expofitu cA. Per ^*od vtiqt infinuatur rigor diuiniiudici) , quamque horrendu fit incidere in roanua dei viuentir. D Q^ida autem per rhompheaiotelfiguotracrarcripruram, qu« vicia refecando, mentem ad coeleAia Apoc.r. acuendo, intima cordis penetrando, animi i rebus reculanbas,*defideriis^ue carnalibus occidendo, Hd>r. 1 o acuta vocacur.Ecex veraque parte acuta, propter duo teAaraeota:quorfi feripeure b^cagunt.Hincde ledeseA SatiD«].i.infideIiQ hominfi multitudo,in quorA cordibus manet diaixilus [b t cenes nomen meum].i.forticerpr«dicas,confiteris,exaltis,dChriAianooomiaedigaAceezhib^, CbriAifbrmf* ter eonuerfando [b t non negaAi fidem meam] timore perfequutorA, vel moleAialimpugnaeionDm, [ET In diebus iliis] quibus inter illos moratus cA. [anti pas teAis meus fidelis] Fuit iovrbehac Qjr I occifus cA apud vos] ab infidelibus^Pergamf [v b i Satanas habitat] in vafis fuis prinis bomi- ^ibus.VodemEaangeIioaicSaluator,9HmmundirpGsingrersi homine habitant ibi.ConAat virum Loe.ii« iAam,qai c«teris omirsts tam folennicer a dfio comemoratur St commendatur, Angularis fanditacii Ecq; conAantic excittfTe.-qui didcur leAis ChriAi,quonia verbo, fado, de fanguinis lui effuAone rcAi- moaiA perhibaic veritati ndei Chri Aianc.Martyr aute erccejatin^ dicitur ceAis. [sed babeo adner Aim te Jiauea] emendatione digna [qjr 1 a habes illic] Xincer tuos [tenentes dodrinS Balaam] qui coklio Btlum «qolualeccr confcncmnc [qjr t docebat Balacb] regem Moabtcaru [h 1 t t 1 « • f A) i Cap.t- D. DIONYSIVS CARTHVSIANVS rcindiIuin}.i.ofreni]{ciiIum oculoram & occiGone pcccindi[c OK. a m filijiirr»I]n>m (iiggeitiite 8 BaUuii hariolo, Bilach oiific fccmioas rpcciofas prope filloa liraclivcearfi pulchritudine trarii in Iu. xoria ruetent,atq; de racrificiji idoloru comederent. Ideo Tubditur [EDBAB]de faeriiiciis idolorum Plil. IO J. [b t fornicari.] De hoc in Pralmo,Er imicaci fune Beelphegor, & comederunt facrificia mortuorum fi T A habes & tu tenentes doArina Nicolaitarumj.i.hxrctieos quofda inter tuosefle permiriis , nec cos ci pellis, fcu idonee rcnrobas.qui ioiiar Balaam,doecnt eii illegitimis comifccri, aiierenies mulie- resdcbcrecirec&mttnesmeutdiflucfipIcniusrupradccrronbusNicolaicarii.Deitlibos quoqiieln Apoca.1. Canonica lude habetur, Ve illis qui via Cain abierunt,& errore Balaam mercedeeffuG funt.Hi fune luoje.t. ' >n epulis fuis eonuiuantes Gne cimore,remctipfos parcentes, arbores inffofiuorx, bis mortue, difpu. mantes Tuas confiiGoncstquibus procella lencbrarG conicruata cft in cicroQ. [t i m i l i T a It poeni- ccoiia age].i.GciiC epifeopo EpbcG iursi,Ge iubeo ubi pteoitencia agere. V cl Gmilitct.i. Geut 3c ifti de- cepii.N aoi pari reatu ieneiur,qui peccar:& qui peccanU cum poteft & dcbct,non corripit, vel pec- care pcrmiicir.[s i quo minus] lectris.i.niG poeniiueris[v B N i a H tibi citoJ.L per caftigationem di Arifia te viGiabo,vci ante morte vel in moric,fcu io iudicio geoeralirquod coparatione iuiurf perpe. tuiiaiis mox erit [a t pugnabo cu illis] erraocibus,quos reprimere ncgligis.i.conira illos difccpiabo £i N gladio oris mci].i.per renieniia damnatioois,& pcriudiciaria poic&iem, eosque danabiles cile conurneam.ltaqt cu cu illis pcribis,niG poeniccoiiam egeris. Q^o paiet,q pcriculoia flt cura anima. F rum,cu paftor damneiur,niG oues errantes pro poGTe ccduscric,diligccer inOruxeric, icrioie arguerit, & quaniu valet repreflcrii.Vel pugnabo cu illis in gladio oris mci.i.tc de Aaiione tua amoto,mcliore in luo loco fubftiiuam.-per cuius vcrbaaduerrarios veritatis deiiciam,ac deceptos redoeam.[qvi ha- bet aurem, audiat quid Ipus dicat ccclcG|s] ilhid irequenter repetitur. Et quoties clauiula hxc in hoc loco vel alibi in rcripturis inrcritur,Ggnu cft notabile, magnG aut myfticum, falubre, omni quoq; ad- uerienciadignucirequoddicitur.Jlv i NC aat t ilpaisionei &vitia,icutionc,&cuAaaduerr^o a- ' Bomanaablcondiiu].i.tcreAioncinterna,conrolacioncocculia,panem ctxIcOcm.Deqoo in Euan- gelio legiiur,Bcatus q manducabit pane in regno dei. Vel manna abreondiru, cil ipfemcc dulcirsimus dns lelus,cuiusGguraGiicraannaGli|sIG'aclpr^lb'inm.Vndeaic Iudxis,Non Mofes dedit vobis pa- f oem,red pater meus dat vobis pane veria.Ego Gim panis vits.Hunc pane dat nobis dcus,ren ipfcmet CbiiAus,in via per quenda dulcem prsegul>um,per conieplationcm & fpem, per quotidiana pinquaiionetin patria autem per plenariam cumunicaiione,ac beaiihcam reicftioncm.Dentqi Chri- Aus luo corpore St fanguine nos io ptefenti exilio fauet,coniolatur,ac reGdt,ianquam per grati; in- , Arumeniu, gratia; veraciter conicniiuutper diuinicatem vero nos alit,tanqua per principale obieAt- , . Ic bcaiiKcaiiuii cdulium.Manna inhiper iAod abrcoodiiG fertur , quia fecudum diuinicatem ChriAut cA incuprcbcnGbilis.luxta illud Efais, Verctu es deus abrconditus,dcus Ifrael faluaior.Ec quia nunc O perGdem ambulamus,aeq‘, per fpeculu in xoigmacc cognofeimus . In facramento etiam non parum Abrcondiiur.nec i carnalibus eius fapor percipicurifed deuotis,diccnte ,pphcca,Qua magna multita do dulcedinis cuc dne,quiabfcudiAi timentibus re.SimlliierdcIapiencia feripeu cA, AbrconditacA ■b oculis omniu viucntiu,ncc inucnitor in terra Gianiicr viucnriu. Trahitur autem Cipiciia de occul- lis. Yndefecundu Bercngan.manna abfcondilu dicitur, quia fapientiadei Gipcrbis abGtonditur, hu- milibus reuc!aiur,ChriAo dicente, ConGteor tibi dGe pater, quia abfeodiAi ncc a rapientibus A pm dentibus, A ccuclaAi ea patuulis [b t dabo ci caleulfi eandidum].i.corpus incorrupcionis gloria in Gl curo refiilgens,recundu Bcdam.Sicq; per manna potcA inielligi prxmiu eGTentiale , A per calculum prcmiu accidentale. Sed A ipfemet CnriAus,quicA prccioCrsima margarita pro qua cunSa rpernun cur,rplcndidirtimusq; carbunculus in tenebris luccns,easq; fugansicandidus calculus appellatnr,qui |>er humilitate fe paeuG exhibuic,clcAoru vero corda fno (picndore perfodit. Rurfus, per calculu can dulu iotclIigipotcA aureola martyrii. Ni ad martyriu verbis his ChriAus Tuos milites animauit .Si. CUI enim per lapide preciorum,prsmiuc0entialc,reuaarca:ira per calculu candidu pota earbuncu- lum,pr;miu accidentale atq; aureola intelligitur.[E t in calculo nomen nouG Gtriptii] quo beatus vo cabitur, A Glius dei per dona glori; ccreblcur.Recipicndo enim hunc calcolu,(btcietur A nomen no- ' uum,m calculo ipibrcluccsivtpfcAcgloriGcatni A duplici Aolaindut’dicatur.[qjron nemo feit] ’ per notitia expcrimcntalc,plcnaria,reu formata [n i s i q accipit] ipium.Q^id enim Gt deo Gcfriii, aia bcaiiAcari,iia per Gmiliiudioc donoru gloris dei Glius ciTe A appellari, nunc perfeSe cognofccre non valcmustdiccie ApoAolo,Oculus no vidit,nec auris aodiuir,ncc in cor hominis arcendcrut quae . ' prcparauir deus diligeeibus fc.Vel per nome iAud intcliigirur ipfemet ChriAus nomine deGgnatus, ' ^ vc Gr iermo de nomine no!aio;de quo lcgitur,Non cA aliud nomen daiG hominibus fub caelo,in quo oporteat nos laluos GerLChriAus auic,taoqua purirsimus amator,ac libcraliftimas dator, dado dona gratis A gloris,Gmul cu illis pilat feiprumiquc nemo nouit,niC qui per charitate iprum fufccpit. lo- quendo de cognirionc formata. S iquiuc qui dicit fe nofle deu, A madaia cius no cuAodir,ab ApoAo- ]o loannc,imo i fpS fanAo,mcndax vocaiur.Berengandus per calculu candidfi inrelligit EuangeliS: Apernamcnincorcripiu,il|ndqd lcgimus,Io principio erat vctbu. Ac. Qqida Epilcopfi iAu Per- gami afleruni fuiOe fanAu CarpG. Confequeter ad EpiTcopu cccleGs ThyaurcnGs diriglmr fermo. [a T angelo Tbyarfrs eccIcG; fcribe,Hsc dicit Glius dci,qui habet oculos tanqua Gamma ignis, A p« det eius Gmiles aurichalco] hoc loiG Icmel expoGiu cGAat. [novi opera tua] vimiofa qus anprobo [e t Gdem] viaa,fbrmatam,raiionibut credendoru ornatam, A uuriGcats metis inielligciia deeora- tam.qus cu Gdes fecundu Aatum perfcAu [b t charitatera] qui ceu A proximum amas^a T mioiA^ tiiun],ixfficij tuicxcquuiione in a&ibua EpiGmpatus ac (acerdotij [a t paricotia ral]incct tot afpc- IN APOCALYTSIM. CVI. A n[i T operi tua ooufrsima plura prioribus]iu,9>in bonis adibus abudaoter creuiAi[s b d Habeo ad- ucrfus (c,quia permucis muUere Hiezabel,qu( fe dicit prophecc, docere A feduccre feruos meos, for. nieari & maducare deidoIochyiis.]Fui( icaqi ioeccleua buiut antifbm mulier, qu; ve) proprio notni DcdidaeiUiiezabel, vel propter paremimptctatcm cu Hiczabet vxorcquonda Ahabrcgts I(racl,de cuius prauicaie.3.Regu habc(ar,ucdidifuic. Dicuntq^ aliqui,^ fuit vzor huius Bpircopi.Vnde fe- i.Re.itf* cundu Albenu alia trafiatio habet. Habeo aduerfus te,q» (inis vzoretua Hiezabcl. £c ita audacias di i8. xit ie efle ^pheciiram,tan^ antiiUus, 8c quidc tam fandi antiftitis,c6iugc. Idcirco etiam dixit fe pro. phetinam,vtdu crederetur iafpiratadiuinitus, facilius eius dodrina fufcipcretur.Docuitergo filtaci. ter,& docedo induxit hdcles ad f>rnicationccarnalem,eomodo quoNicolait^:vcIad fornicationem fpihulem,qu^ e(l cu d^mombus, du rebus caducis magis q deo altifsimoioh^etur.No autem docuit idololatria corporalem,fecundu Bedam, quia tunc no potuiiTet ic 6ngercpropheti0am. Dicit quuqi Albcnus,<p per mulfeie hanc( icilicec eius imitatione uueexcplo)iocroduda mit perfidia Machome. Ii, quietia hnxti feciTe propheta.Porro per idolothvtaintellig(itur,qu( idolis immolata feu confecre- i .Cor.p, tamerur.de quibus manducare licet,fecuodu Apoitotum, quando fic (ioefcandalo proximi, d no in vcooraiioncm idolorO:fed mulier iftadoeuit illud pafsim licere, f£Sed mird videtur,q> Epifeopus ifte xant; pcrfedionis.ta grande malu permifit.Ad quod Haymo rcrpondens^Nulla, inquit, ratio permie- Haymo. tic,vc ifte hoc vitio notetur, que dominus tata laude prorequitunfed i corpore eledoru conueriit fer. B monem ad partem rcproboru:qi^ in dodoribus intel]igitur,qui fua negt/gentia pr^dida mala io £c. cIcGacifc hnunt.Alij tamen decpifcopo|iflo verba indudaexponut. £c potuit heri q> Epifeopusia ■li|i occupatus, prauiiacefceminat huius n5 Citis aducrtit.vel eius culpam no tam cito veltamcffica. citer increpuit, vt debuit, [b t dedi illitempus,vt poenitentiam ageret]in quo mifericordia dei odeo, ditur.Omnipotenscnim cH patiens redditor,nec animas vult perire [e t no vult poenitere i fornica- riooe fualquam docet d facic:pr(teritam deplorando, d futuram vitando. Vnde impletam eft in mu lob.3 4. |
cu31924029294273_10 | US-PD-Books | Public Domain | In the fervour of the early Church the notion that men could fall into sin through ignorance and want of self-control naturally occupied a small place in the hearts of believers. But in fact, as in the doctrine of the Evangelist as to salvation by faith, we must presuppose a Pauline stratum, so we must suppose that the Church of Ephesus maintained the Pauline ethics. XIII MIRACLE Next to the relation of Christian faith to the words, we have to speak of its relation to the works, of the Founder. We have the same story to tell again. As the Evangelist soars above the literal value of the words of his Master, so he regards His mighty works as valuable indeed to impress the people in their natural form, but far more valuable in the higher meaning which shines through them. Those who have to do with the Moslem population of such countries as Syria and North Africa tell us that there no teacher attains to influence and credit unless he be- comes renowned as a worker of marvels. M. Douttd, who had a long experience in Algeria,^ tells us that he made the acquaint- ance of many local saints, but of none who had not this faculty. The working of marvels 1 Revue de I'hist. des religions, xl. p. 355. 277 278 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL was the seal of their vocation, without which it would not have been accepted as authentic. The Fourth Evangelist takes this view as natural and universal. He thinks that those who cannot rise to the height of pure spiritual teaching may well be drawn to the faith by the evidence of miracles. This view indeed he expresses clearly enough : " Though ye believe not Me, believe the works." In another place he writes : " Many believed on His name, beholding the signs which He did. But Jesus did not trust Himself unto them, for that He knew all men," and so knew that men who were thus impressed by mere visible wonders would not be a high type of disciple. Jesus expresses impatience at the demand for miracle, saying sadly, " Except ye see signs and wonders, ye will not believe." Quite in the same line is the saying to Thomas, " Because thou hast seen Me, thou hast believed : blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." But though persuasion through visible signs and wonders may be the mark of a low level of spiritual development, yet the signs and wonders themselves may be the expression and the vehicle of "the word." The mere wonders may be signs ; they may be of such a character as to show unity of nature be- MIRACLE 279 tween the Christ and the Heavenly Father: " My Father worketh even until now ; and I work." This was said when Jesus was re- proached for healing on the Sabbath-day. The phrase is too brief to be clear ; but it seems to mean that as God does not suspend His beneficent action in the world on the Sabbath, so His Son on earth should not cease on that day to do to men such good as falls naturally in His way. The unity of will of the Father and the Son is shown in action as well as in thought. Another passage is even more remarkable : " The Father, abiding in Me, doeth His works." The Evangelist felt that the works of the Church were the result of her union with the exalted Christ, and his mind goes on to the view that the actions of Jesus in the world were the result of His union with the Father. He works back from the experience of the Church, as he so often does, to the history of the Founder. We have traces of the same line of thought in Matthew ; but there it seems more ap- propriate to the actual teaching of Jesus : " That ye may be the children of your Father which is in heaven, for He maketh His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sendeth rain on the just and the unjust."^ Here the 1 Matt, V. 45, 280 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL direct relation of men to God is spoken of rather than the relation of the Church to Christ : the spirit is broader and more uni- versalist ; but the Fourth Evangelist was in his way not less in the line of the highest religious thought than the First. The Fourth Evangelist looks at miracles notably in a different way from the Synoptists. As critics have observed, the place which they take in relation to faith is inverted. In the Synoptists faith is, in some cases at least, a necessary condition in the person who is healed before the healing can take place. To the Fourth Evangelist faith is not represented as the condition of miracle, but as its result. The miracle is wrought that men may believe. Again, whereas the miracles of healing in the Synoptists are miracles of mercy and com- passion, wrought because Jesus had sympathy with the sufferers, the miracles recorded by the Fourth Evangelist tend to the glory of Him who wrought them. They are proofs, not of His humanity, but of His divinity. And further, particular wonders hide beneath their surface some thesis of the higher Chris- tian teaching. Indeed, the description of a miracle is often followed by an exposition of its higher or spiritual meaning. We may give a few examples. The feeding of the five MIRACLE 281 thousand with loaves and fishes is used as a parable not once only but twice over, in a lower and in a higher sense. First, Jesus says to the multitude which followed Him across the sea, " Ye seek Me, not because ye saw signs, but because ye ate of the loaves, and were filled. Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for the meat which abideth unto eternal life." Those who came after Jesus merely for what they could get were at a lower level even than those who were taken with visible signs. But the miracle was more than a mere sign or proof of a Divine mission. The multiplication of loaves and fishes was a sign of the wonderful satisfying virtue of the bread which came down from heaven for the feeding of the Church. It was early believed that the Evangelist here refers either primarily or secondarily to the Christian sacra- ment ; and we treat of the passage more fully in that connection. When Jesus heals the blind, the inner meaning is that He came into the world to remove the blindness of sin and of ignorance, " that they which see not may see, and that they which see may become blind." ^ The Synoptic writers see in these sudden cures the result of mere kindness and love for 1 ix. 39. 282 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL mankind ; but to the Fourth Evangelist that seems a superficial view, which by no means exhausts the significance of the event. In the same way, the raising of Lazarus is no mere action of kindness and friendship : its main importance is that it introduces the Christian sentence, "I am the Resurrec- tion and the Life." And when we think of the vast, the inestimable service to the Church which the phrase has rendered, we shall keenly feel that the allegorising of our Evangelist was the result of a profound Christian inspiration. In the case of another noteworthy miracle, the turning of the water into wine, we are on less safe ground, since the Evangelist does not in this case himself give the interpretation. Modern commentators find a natural contrast between the mere water of the Jewish dis- pensation and the wine of the Gospel. And this interpretation may serve, since at the time there was no ascetic aversion to wine, but it was regarded as one of the kindest of God's gifts to men. But as it stands the miracle is closely like those mere marvels which abound in the Apocryphal Gospels, and the tales in regard to which sprang out of the mere desire to magnify the supernatural powers of the Founder. It is well known that other classes of MIRACLE 283 miracles, especially exorcisms of evil spirits, are not recited in this Gospel. It is a very remarkable instance of omission, which must be purposeful. Possibly the explanation may be a simple one, that the Evangelist intended only to bring in a small number of miracles, in fact seven, to illustrate spiritual truths, and the tales of exorcism did not seem suited to his purpose. The story of the raising of Lazarus has been the subject of infinite discussion. Some critics have given a very elaborate account of the method of its composition, and the reasons for the insertion of every detail. It can scarcely be doubted that the emphasis laid by the Evangelist on the fact that Lazarus had been dead for some days shows that he meant to insist on the supernatural power of Jesus. But it is easy to be led away by fancy when we try to discover hidden and symbolical meanings in the details of a story. Other critics are disposed to think that there was some actual historic foundation for the narra- tive ; and I am ready to agree with them. It has been said that so remarkable a miracle could not, if it had really taken place, have been omitted by the Synoptists. But the Synoptic narrative really only touches a few detached points of the life of Jesus ; and it 284 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL may be that the Fourth Evangelist has worked up the tale from his own point of view, and made it loom very large in the prospect. To us, as to him, the main value of the episode is in the spiritual meaning which it conveys. It is, of course, quite impossible to recover the exact facts which, supposing the event to have a historic basis, constituted that basis. The view of Renan, that something like a pious fraud was arranged between Jesus and His friends at Bethany, is of course most repulsive to all Christians. And it is quite gratuitous, for the Evangelist deals so freely with his sources of information that we cannot press this or that detail of the narrative into evidence of collusion. We must be content to say that the story is probably a transposition into a higher key of something which really happened, but which probably did not take the great place in the imagination of the people of Jerusalem which the Evangelist supposes. It remains to speak of the two great miracles of the Gospels, which were not signs of something beyond them, but which were regarded as primary events in the history of Jesus Christ : His birth and His resurrection. Of course, when the Evangelist wrote, the MIRACLE 285 tale of the Virgin Birth was current in the Church. It would have been hard a priori to tell what line he would take in regard to it. On the one hand, it might well seem that the appearance of the Word in flesh might be the occasion of a special miracle. There is certainly no actual contradiction between the tale as told in the First and Third Gospels and the first verses of the Fourth. But if we look beyond mere words and statements to ideas, we may see that the Virgin Birth on the one hand, and the coming of the Word on the other, might well be regarded as alternatives.. In Matthew and Luke there is no notion of pre-existence : the Jesus whose life they tell begins to exist at the Annunciation. And, as M. Reville points out, there is an incongruity between the idea of a divine son born by a special interposition of God at a particular place and time, and the idea of an ever-existing Word, revealed to sense and in time. It would be simpler and more natural that the Word should be united to humanity at the Baptism by John rather than before birth. Holding a very definite view that what was born of the flesh was flesh, and what was born of the Spirit was spirit, the Evangelist would have no occasion to seek for a miraculous origin of the body of Jesus. 286 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL And I think that a careful reader of the narrative of the meeting of John and Jesus will see that such notions were in the mind of the writer. It is true that, by one of those curious omissions which surprise the student of the Gospel, he does not actually mention the fact of baptism. This may well be because it was beneath the dignity of Jesus to be baptised by anyone. But he lays extreme stress on the testimony of John, that he disclaimed for himself the Messiahship, but declared that he had seen the Spirit descending as a dove out of heaven, and abiding on Jesus. One reason for thus dwelling on the self- subordination of the Baptist to his successor probably was that there still existed, in the time of St Paul, a sect at Ephesus who acknowledged the baptism of John and looked up to him as its founder ; and it was important to meet the views of this sect. But however that be, it is simple and natural to suppose that for the Evangelist this descent of the Spirit and its abiding on Jesus was the occasion on which the Divine Logos was united to the human Jesus, and thereafter took the place of His natural soul. This view would of course be similar to that of the Docetists, who regarded the human life of the Founder as a sort of mirage, and thought that the Divine Spirit MIRACLE 287 which had come to Him at baptism deserted Him again on the cross. It cannot, in fact, be denied that if the narrative of the Evangelist be regarded as a biography, recording actual doings and teaching, it is closely akin to Docetism. It is only by looking at it in the light of the idea, not of the fact, that it gains its true position. These, however, are speculations. What is quite clear and certain for all serious students is that the Evangelist does not value the tale of the Virgin Birth, that he bases on it no teaching, and never appeals to it as evidence of the supernatural character of the Founder. No doubt his mere passing over of the tale would not in itself be conclusive, for the Evangelist assumes as known many things which were part of the recognised biography. But it does have some significance when, in more than one place,^ he speaks of Jesus as the son of Joseph. For it is his habit, when he finds any account or statement in the earlier biographies which seems to him unworthy of the Son of God, to alter it to make it more appropriate. If he had objected to the state- ment of the paternity of Joseph, it is almost certain that he would have found a way of avoiding such statement. ^ i. 45 ; vi. 42. 288 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL The other great miracle, that of the Resur- rection, with the appearances to the disciples, is prominent in the Gospel. The story is told so simply, and so circumstantially, that it is hard to accept any view in regard to its origin except that it came to the Evangelist on the authority of one of the Apostles. And the graphic touches in regard to the disciple whom .Jesus loved are noteworthy. When he heard from Mary Magdalene in the early morning of the third day that the stone which closed the tomb had been rolled away, he at once set out for the spot, he and Peter running together ; and being no doubt the younger man, he ran the faster, and, coming first to the tomb, looked in, and saw the linen cloths lying. When Peter came up, and went into the tomb, he followed, and saw " the napkin which was upon His head not lying with the linen cloths, but rolled up in a place by itself." " And he saw and believed." It is no doubt very difficult ever to judge from the naturalness and vividness of a story that it is really historic. But it is very hard for any reader not to think that we have here a simple piece of testimony, an uncoloured narrative of fact. The authority would naturally be St John : this is perhaps the passage in the Gospel where his personality most clearly shows through. When, in the MIRACLE 289 same passage, we read that Mary Magdalene mistook the risen Christ for the gardener, we have another point in which the eye-witness is clear. I feel sure that the Evangelist is re- porting testimony which had come to him by direct authority ; only the phrase " the disciple whom Jesus loved" speaks of the admiring pupil who put the tale upon paper, not of the Apostle. The further narrative of the appearances of Jesus to the disciples is less vivid ; but that also must be based on the statements of an eye-witness. The main fact to which it testifies, that the Apostles believed that they saw their risen Lord, is beyond dispute historic. But how far this vision must be regarded as miraculous is a difficult question. To answer it, a man should have a very com- plete knowledge of the results of the psychical studies of recent years.^ The only properly miraculous element in it is the physical : that it was the actual body which had hung on the cross which appeared to the disciples. Luke, who has a great love of miracle, and intro- duces it whenever he can, dwells most de- cidedly on the physical reality of the Lord's body, which ate and drank in the presence 1 On this subject see a remarkable paper by C. W. Emmet, in the Modern Churchman, iv. p. 188. 290 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL of the Apostles. The Fourth Evangelist, though he says nothing of this, mentions the doubt of Thomas as to the physical reality of the body, and how that doubt was satisfied. Even if that story is taken from Apostolic testimony, we need not, in view of the beliefs of the time, and our author's comparative disregard of fact, take it too seriously. In any case, here, as elsewhere, when he has trespassed on the verge of materialism, he redeems the situation with one of his im- mortal sentences, " Blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed," a sentence torn fresh from the life of the early Church. XIV CHRISTOLOGY Aftek the statement given above of my views as to the authorship and origin of the Fourth Gospel, it is evident that I cannot regard the Christologic views enshrined in the wonderful discourses of the Gospel as proceeding direct from the Jesus of history. That indeed is a view commonly assumed in the pulpit and in devotional literature ; but it is not a view which is held by most competent authorities. Even conservative theologians are ready to allow that in those discourses we must recognise not merely the literary style of a great theologian, but also his turn of thought. The only question — and it is one of great difficulty and complexity — is how far the discourses are based on the actual tradition of the Apostles, and how far they contain elements which can only have come into them in the time of the first growth of Christianity, after the crucifixion. 291 292 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL It is unnecessary to say much in this place as to the basis of the Johannine Christology in the experience of the Church, because the exposition of this relation has been our main theme throughout. One chapter we have already devoted to the subject; and it is impossible to speak of the Christian Church and the Christian sacraments without con- tinual reversion to it. We must now content ourselves with assuming that the translation into a biography of the experience of the Christ who was the Head of the Church and the constant source of its life was the one great purpose of the Evangelist. One cannot doubt that, as the Evangelist often inserts in his narrative, on the ground of a special tradition, events and details which do not appear in the Synoptic Gospels, so he may from time to time record for us sayings which really come from the Founder, but have been in the transmission somewhat modified. But to recover these original sayings is a well-nigh impossible task. The writer's mind is so steeped in religious ex- perience that all tradition has become trans- posed, and we have always to regard his repetition of traditional speeches as a com- CHRISTOLOGY 293 pound of various elements. If we compare the traditions contained in all the Gospels to sticks partly immersed in water, so that they are seen refracted, then we shall say that the Marcan, and part at least of the Matthean and Lucan, reports bring before us that tradi- tion but slightly refracted, but the Fourth Gospel brings it before us widely removed from its actual position. Thus when we pass from the explication of the elements in his Christology which the Evangelist adopts from the experience of the Church to the investiga- tion of the elements which have a root in tradition, but are transformed in the mind of the writer, we pass from a comparatively easy to a far more difficult task. The history of thought in the Church for the first three centuries is largely the history of Christo- logic doctrine. This doctrine began to form immediately after the crucifixion, so soon indeed that it is scarcely possible to see un- modified the naked facts of history. Perhaps the readiest way to trace the development is to set aside, as far as may be, the Pauline views, which are less based on tradition, and to look at the text of the Gospels, which are more so based. In particular the phrase " My Father " in the mouth of Jesus is significant ; and its use shows a rapid development. The 294 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL phrase is distinctive, as Jesus never says to His disciples " our Father," but alvirays " My Father and your Father." In the Gospel of Mark, Jesus does not use the phrase "My Father." But in eschato- logical passages there is something similar. In viii. 38 Jesus says, "Whosoever shall be ashamed of Me and of My words, . . . the Son of Man shall be ashamed of him, when He Cometh in the glory of His Father with the holy angels." So again in xiii. 32 we read, " Of that day and hour knoweth no one, not even the angels in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father." The judge of mankind, who is to come in the clouds of heaven, is neces- sarily a supernatural person. Most modern writers regard the eschatological element in the Gospels as primitive, and think that Jesus did speak of His speedy return in glory. I am not altogether convinced that this is the case. However this be, it is noteworthy that the Jesus of Mark does not in the course of His teaching proclaim Himself as the Son of God, except when, in the eschatological passages, He also calls Himself the Son of Man. The tone of Luke is in this matter similar ; but there are a few passages where one hears a different note. Some of these again are eschatological. Thus in xxii. 29 we read, " I CHRISTOLOGY 295 appoint unto you a kingdom, even as My Father appointed unto Me, that ye may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom." And in xxiv. 49, "Behold, I send forth the promise of My Father upon you." Such at least is our English version ; but the meaning of the phrase is in my opinion very doubtful. There is, however, one far more important passage, which Luke (x. 22) has in common with Matthew (xi. 27) : " All things have been delivered to Me of My Father: and no one knoweth who the Son is save the Father ; and who the Father is save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son willeth to reveal Him." In other places in Matthew the phrase " My Father " recurs, as in xvi. 17, " My Father which is in heaven," and especially in the very striking passage, xxvi. 53, " Thinkest thou that I cannot beseech My Father, and He shall even now send Me more than twelve legions of angels ? " The only passage among these which calls for special comment is that common to Matthew and Luke. It is the only passage in the Synoptic Gospels which bears a close resemblance to a large number of passages as to the relations of the Father and the Son to be found in the Fourth Gospel. Naturally it has been much discussed. Every careful 296 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL reader will feel that it is curiously different from all that goes before and all that follows it in the two Gospels. And in Luke it dis- tinctly comes in in such a way as to interrupt the connection — Jesus is thanking the Heavenly Father that He has hidden the coming of the Kingdom from the wise and understanding, and revealed it to babes. He continues, " Blessed are the eyes which see the things that ye see : for I say unto you that many prophets and kings desired to see the things which ye see, and saw them not ; and to hear the things which ye hear, and heard them not." The sense runs on with perfect clearness. But in our text of Luke the passage I have quoted as to the Father and the Son comes in between the saying that God has been pleased to reveal great things to babes and the saying that the disciples had been greatly privileged to hear such things. It seems to me that, according to all principles of literary criticism, we must suppose that the inserted words come from some other source, and are badly dovetailed in, or rather thrust in without dovetailing. In Matthew, in the same way, this saying is an intrusion. But of course this criticism does not touch the further question whether the source from which the words are taken is one which records genuine CHRISTOLOGY 297 sayings of Jesus, or whether it is a document which develops those sayings in the direction in which Christian thought was steadily drifting in the second half of the first century. For myself, I freely accept the second view. We know from recent discovery in Egypt of collections bf fragmentary sayings of Jesus that such documents circulated at quite an early period ; and we also know that from the very first they were subject to the influence of the contemporary thought of the Church. Nor do I believe that during His earthly ministry our Lord gave utterance to meta- physical views such as that in our text. All His teaching for which we have satisfactory evidence is of quite another character. And there would be something extraordinary, not to say paradoxical, in thanking God, at one moment, that the Gospel is revealed to babes, and at the next moment giving utterance to views which the simple disciples of Galilee could not understand. Those who regard the life and the words of our Lord as quite super- natural and abnormal will not be shocked by such incongruities; but those who hold the doctrine which has always been maintained by the Church, that Jesus Christ was not only divine, but also perfect man, will expect to find in His words that sweet reasonableness 298 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL which one of the greatest of modern critics has singled out as their most marked character- istic. In any case, we may maintain, with no fear of contradiction by any competent critic, that the text may quite well have come into the two Gospels from some other source than exact and unmodified tradition. One thing, however, is quite clear. Whether Jesus spoke much or little of His relation to the Father, such a relation, close and perpetual, lies under the whole Synoptic narrative. In all the events of life, and in all teaching, Jesus felt that His mission was to be of one will with the Father in Heaven, and to carry out the work among men which He came to do. "Not My will but Thine be done" is the burden of His whole life. The constant presence and support of the Spirit of God is to Him a perpetual inspiration. This it is which placed Him on an entirely different level from all His contemporaries. What has been called the God - consciousness, an unbroken communion with Divine goodness and power, is exemplified in His life. II It is precisely this constant consciousness of a Divine presence, this earnest acceptance of a Divine purpose, which is expressed in a CHRISTOLOGY 299 great part of the Fourth Gospel. We may feel that ever to be conscious of this inspira- tion, yet to speak of it but seldom, according to the Synoptic portrait, is really a more sublime way. But the Fourth Evangelist could not be content with this. In his spirit that which he felt to be the truth and the real meaning of the Master's life burned its way into utterance. The unity of spirit with the Father, of which Jesus was conscious, must, he thought, have been clear and con- spicuous to every true disciple. It was the dominant fact of the whole situation, occupy- ing in regard to the mere visible incidents of life the same relation which in the kosmos spirit bears to flesh. It was quite in the manner of the time that, when he began to write down an account of the sayings and doings of the Master, he should bring to the surface what he regarded as the underlying ideas, represent Jesus as openly proclaiming the relation to the Father which was really implicit, and even in the narrative of actions rather embody their higher meaning than their more obvious circumstances. He forgets that in living as a man among men, subject to the most ordinary human needs, with limited know- ledge and human relationships, the Word must have been limited by the conditions of the flesh. 300 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL St Paul had been faced by the same difficulty, how the Spirit which was the life and inspiration of the Church could have been in a real sense human. He meets it by the doctrine of the Kenosis ; he teaches that when the Lord came down to dwell on earth, He deliberately emptied Himself of His Divine attributes, and accepted the limits of ordinary humanity, becoming submissive to pain and death. The Fourth Evangelist does not accept this view : he thinks that from Jesus as He lived on earth rays of Divine glory frequently shone out. Thus in general he rules out of the life all that in his view was unworthy of the Son of God. Yet he was still often under the influence of tradi- tion, and inserts human traits, sometimes ex- plaining them away, sometimes leaving them in contrast with the general tone of his narrative. To take a few examples. When Nathanael first comes to Jesus, He says to the new- comer, " When thou wast under the fig-tree I saw thee." Evidently we have here a little fragment of a story preserved like a shell in chalk. The story itself is not told, and what it may have been we cannot conjecture. But the Evangelist uses it as an example of a more than human knowledge of the hearts CHRISTOLOGY 301 and thoughts of men, a sign of Divinity. On a later occasion,^ Andrew and Philip brought to Jesus certain Greeks who were at Jerusalem at the time of the feast. Jesus naturally welcomed their homage ; to Him the friend- ship of no human heart was indiffer£nt or worthless. But the Evangelist cannot bring himself to regard so simple an occurrence as trivial ; he leads on from mere recognition of his Master by strangers to His glorification and future exaltation. On the day when Jesus was betrayed,* the officers who came out to arrest Him, when He said calmly, " T am He," went backward and fell to the ground. This looks very much like an exaggeration into the supernatural sphere of a natural feeling of respect and compimction which the officers may well have felt in the presence of Jesus, but which, according to the Evangelist, they soon changed for one of hatred and spite. The Jesus of the Evangelist, like the child in Wordsworth, comes trailing clouds of glory from heaven, which is His home. All through the writer's history of the last days, though he seems to preserve many details of true tradition, he is on the watch to keep out any phrases which would seem to him to degrade his Lord. 1 xii. 20. 2 xviii. 6. 302 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL We cannot have a more striking contrast between the Jesus of the S3nioptists — the Jesus of history— and the Jesus of the Fourth Evangelist, than is shown in the sayings of Jesus as to His own death recorded in the two biographies. In Mark's account of the agony in Gethsemane, Jesus says, " Father, all things are possible unto Thee ; remove this cup from Me : howbeit, not what I will, but what Thou wilt." What could be more touchingly, more piercingly human ? Jesus is represented as shrinking, as any one of His followers might shrink, from the pain of martyrdom. Opponents of Christianity have found these words weak and effeminate ; and they have had no difficulty in finding hundreds of heroes who have gone to pain and death not with shrinking, but with exultation. But which course is the higher? The height of unchristian heroism may be found in the Red Indian brave, who sang joyously as he was tortured at the stake. In his way he was splendid. But the Christian martyr, with more highly developed consciousness, and therefore with more acute sensitiveness, feels intensely the prospect of pain and death, but yet is willing to undergo them because it is the will of his Father ; and probably in the actual suffering finds the trial to which he CHRISTOLOGY 303 had looked forward after all easy to bear. He meets pain not with the heroism of a dauntless will, but with the certainty of Divine aid. If there be any truth in Christianity, and any meaning in history, his is the nobler line. In the account of the Fourth Evangelist Jesus takes quite another view : ^ " I lay down My life that I may take it again. No one taketh it away from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again." The Evangelist felt so keenly the divine nature of his Master, that he could not endure the notion of His suffering at the hands of men, otherwise than voluntarily. But it is obvious that by taking this view, he has deprived his Master, not only of all humanity, but of all heroism. His Jesus is not made perfect by suffering, but raised above all suftering by the power of the divinity within Him. Had the Evangelist worked out this view with consistency, he would have produced a purely Docetic doctrine, and reduced the life of his Master to a mere mirage. From this bottomless swamp he is rescued by a happy inconsistency. When he comes to narrate the actual facts of the crucifixion, which he had heard at first or second hand from actual 1 John-x.. 18. 304 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL witnesses, he does not altogether take the Docetic view. Yet his narrative is very different from that of the Synoptics, in that he does not dwell on the agony of the cross, and omits the piercing sayings which have made the story of the cross one of the greatest powers over the human spirit which the world has known. The only utterances which, in his version, come from the Saviour on the cross, besides the commendation of His mother to the beloved disciple (probably a historic detail), consist of the words " I thirst " and " It is finished." As everyone knows, a terrible and burning thirst is one of the most poignant sufferings of those who are wounded and tortured. But the Fourth Evangelist does not represent that thirst as a natural one. "Jesus, that the scripture might be accomplished, saith, I thirst." Yet, after all, he preserves the main thing, that it was the historic Jesus who sat wearied with the journey by the well of Samaria, wept by the grave of Lazarus, and perished on the cross. The Word, after all, became flesh, though the Evangelist, after accepting this bold statement, does a great deal in the course of his narrative to empty it of meaning. So in a multitude of passages the Evangelist puts into words that consciousness of a close CHRISTOLOGY 805 relation to God which Jesus seems, as a matter of history, to have expressed seldom and guardedly. Where he is nearest to actual history is in the passages which speak of Jesus in relation to the Divine will. These passages are many : " My meat is to do the will of Him that sent Me, and to accomplish His work " ; " I seek not Mine own will, but the will of Him that sent Me." Such sayings as these are entirely in line with others in the Synoptists. All three of them ^ record a saying of Jesus, when His mother and brethren came, intend- ing to put Him under restraint : " Whosoever shall do the will of God, the same is My brother and sister and mother." In the Lord's prayer the phrase " Thy will be done " is very prominent. And in the scene in Gethsemane we have the same refrain, " Not My will but Thine be done." Only the notion of a possibility of opposition between the will of the earthly Jesus and the will of the Father, which is hinted at in the scene at Gethsemane, is naturally set aside in the Fourth Gospel. In the Synoptic Gospels the unity of will and purpose between Jesus and the Father in Heaven is much more often assumed than asserted. Jesus spoke, men felt, as one having a direct commission from above, and not like 1 Mark iii. 35, and parallels. 20 806 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL the Scribes. In His miracles of healing He does not say " God wills thy healing," but "I will; be thou clean." Though His discourses are constantly revolving around the Father in Heaven, He speaks of " My words " as of direct authority. The Jesus of the Fourth Evangelist, on the contrary, is always proclaiming His close relation to the Father. It is not only that the Son is like the Father, "My Father worketh until now, and I work " ; " The Son can do nothing of Himself, but what He sees the Father doing " ; but a more intimate relation still is set forth. The Son fully represents the Father on earth. " The Father loveth the Son, and showeth Him all things that Himself doeth." " If ye had known Me, ye should have known My Father also." " As the Father knoweth Me, even so know I the Father." In the passage which deals with the raising of Lazarus, Jesus is represented as saying, " Father, I thank Thee that Thou heardest Me." This may well be a fragment of tradition ; it is thus that the Jesus of the Synoptists prays. But the Fourth Evangehst cannot leave the phrase without comment ; he adds, " I knew that Thou hearest Me always : but because of the multitude which standeth around I said it, that they may believe that CHRISTOI.OGY 307 Thou didst send Me." Finally, we have the passage in which, in his own manner, the Evangelist sums up the situation in a single pregnant phrase, " I and the Father are one," a phrase on which the later discourses in the Gospel are a commentary. " The glory which Thou hast given Me I have given unto them ; that they may be one, even as we are one ; I in them and Thou in Me, that they may be perfected into one." Here the Evangelist has passed from the tradition altogether ; he is thinking of the inspiration of the Church, in which to him, as to St Paul, there dwells the Christ who is the same as the Spirit of God. The glory which was given to the earthly Jesus has been given also to the Society which continues on earth the life of Christ, and by that life rises into unity with God. But this unity does not belong only to earth, it stretches also to the heaven, which, to the writer, is at once future and present : " Father, I will that they also whom Thou hast given Me be with Me where I am." The Fourth Evangelist not only accepts from tradition accounts of the deeds of his Master ; but he naturally also accepts some of the phrases in regard to Him current in the Society. He accepts and vindicates his Master's claim to the title Christ or Messiah. 308 THE EPHESIAN GOSPEL This he seems to do especially in opposition to the Jews. He brings forward the current objections of the Jews to the Messiahship of Jesus, such as His plebeian origin and His Galilean birth-place, His neglect of the Sabbath, and the like, and furnishes replies. It is, however, noteworthy that the Evangelist does not counter the Galilean objection by the assertion that Jesus was really born in Bethlehem. This controversial element, how- ever, is only subordinate, a sort of by-play in the Gospel. One feels that the question of the Messiahship has with time become less acute. The title Son of Man, so frequently applied to Himself by Jesus in the earliest tradition, does occur in the Fourth Gospel, but not with any striking novelty of meaning. On the other hand, the term Son of God, which Jesus does not directly apply to Him- self in the Synoptic Gospels, plays a far greater part in the Fourth Gospel, as is indeed natural after what has been above said. |
github_open_source_100_1_563 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2018, Xilinx, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
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* OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION). HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
* OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
* ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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*****************************************************************************/
/******************************************************************************
*
*
* @file gpio.c
*
* Implementing GPIO related functions for PYNQ Microblaze,
* including the GPIO read and write.
*
*
* <pre>
* MODIFICATION HISTORY:
*
* Ver Who Date Changes
* ----- --- ------- -----------------------------------------------
* 1.00 yrq 01/30/18 add protection macro
*
* </pre>
*
*****************************************************************************/
#include <xparameters.h>
#include "gpio.h"
#ifdef XPAR_XGPIO_NUM_INSTANCES
#include "xgpio_l.h"
#include "xgpio.h"
/*
* GPIO API
* Internal GPIO bit format:
* 0:0 valid bit
* 6:1 low bit
* 12:7 high bit
* 15:13 channel 1 or channel 2
* 31:16 device
*/
typedef int gpio;
typedef union {
int device;
struct {
int valid: 1, low : 6, high : 6, channel : 3, device : 16;
} _gpio;
} _gpio;
extern XGpio_Config XGpio_ConfigTable[];
static XGpio xgpio[XPAR_XGPIO_NUM_INSTANCES];
XGpio* xgpio_ptr = &xgpio[0];
/************************** Function Definitions ***************************/
gpio gpio_open_device(unsigned int device){
int status;
u16 dev_id;
_gpio gpio_dev;
if (device < XPAR_XGPIO_NUM_INSTANCES) {
dev_id = (u16)device;
} else {
int found = 0;
for (u16 i = 0; i < XPAR_XGPIO_NUM_INSTANCES; ++i) {
if (XGpio_ConfigTable[i].BaseAddress == device) {
found = 1;
dev_id = i;
break;
}
}
if (!found) return -1;
}
status = XGpio_Initialize(&xgpio[dev_id], dev_id);
if (status != XST_SUCCESS) {
return -1;
}
gpio_dev._gpio.valid = 0;
gpio_dev._gpio.low = GPIO_INDEX_MIN;
gpio_dev._gpio.high = GPIO_INDEX_MAX;
gpio_dev._gpio.channel = 1;
gpio_dev._gpio.device = dev_id;
return gpio_dev.device;
}
#ifdef XPAR_IO_SWITCH_NUM_INSTANCES
#ifdef XPAR_IO_SWITCH_0_GPIO_BASEADDR
#include "xio_switch.h"
gpio gpio_open(unsigned int pin) {
set_pin(pin, GPIO);
gpio dev = gpio_open_device(XPAR_IO_SWITCH_0_GPIO_BASEADDR);
return gpio_configure(dev, pin, pin, 1);
}
#endif
#endif
gpio gpio_configure(gpio device, unsigned int low, unsigned int high,
unsigned int channel){
_gpio gpio_dev;
gpio_dev.device = device;
gpio_dev._gpio.low = low;
gpio_dev._gpio.high = high;
gpio_dev._gpio.channel = channel;
return gpio_dev.device;
}
void gpio_set_direction(gpio device, unsigned int direction){
unsigned int mask, low, high, channel, dev_id, direction_mask;
_gpio gpio_dev;
gpio_dev.device = device;
low = gpio_dev._gpio.low;
high = gpio_dev._gpio.high;
channel = gpio_dev._gpio.channel;
dev_id = gpio_dev._gpio.device;
mask = (0x1 << (high + 1)) - (0x1 << low);
direction_mask = XGpio_GetDataDirection(&xgpio[dev_id], channel);
if (direction){
// GPIO selected as input
direction_mask |= mask;
}else{
// GPIO selected as output
direction_mask &= ~mask;
}
XGpio_SetDataDirection(&xgpio[dev_id], channel, direction_mask);
}
int gpio_read(gpio device){
unsigned int read_value, mask, low, high, channel, dev_id;
_gpio gpio_dev;
gpio_dev.device = device;
low = gpio_dev._gpio.low;
high = gpio_dev._gpio.high;
channel = gpio_dev._gpio.channel;
dev_id = gpio_dev._gpio.device;
mask = (0x1 << (high + 1)) - (0x1 << low);
read_value = XGpio_DiscreteRead(&xgpio[dev_id], channel);
return (read_value & mask) >> low;
}
void gpio_write(gpio device, unsigned int data){
unsigned int write_value, mask, low, high, channel, dev_id;
_gpio gpio_dev;
gpio_dev.device = device;
low = gpio_dev._gpio.low;
high = gpio_dev._gpio.high;
channel = gpio_dev._gpio.channel;
dev_id = gpio_dev._gpio.device;
write_value = XGpio_DiscreteRead(&xgpio[dev_id], channel);
mask = ~((0x1 << (high + 1)) - (0x1 << low));
write_value = (write_value & mask) | (data << low);
XGpio_DiscreteWrite(&xgpio[dev_id], channel, write_value);
}
void gpio_close(gpio device){
unsigned int mask, low, high, channel, dev_id;
_gpio mod_id;
mod_id.device = device;
low = mod_id._gpio.low;
high = mod_id._gpio.high;
channel = mod_id._gpio.channel;
dev_id = mod_id._gpio.device;
mask = (0x1 << (high + 1)) - (0x1 << low);
XGpio_DiscreteClear(&xgpio[dev_id], channel, mask);
}
unsigned int gpio_get_num_devices(void){
return XPAR_XGPIO_NUM_INSTANCES;
}
#endif
|
sn88063294_1943-09-11_1_9_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | 30 Seconds Over Tokyo By CAPT. TED W. LAWSON SYSOPSIS Attempting to land their R-2.’> on the harbor of China island after bombing Tokyo with Jimmie Doolittle famous raid, Ted Lawson and his new were seriously hurt when the plane crashed into the sea. A band of Chinese guerillas rested the injured men and took them by litter and boat to the mainland, then inland to a village for influence can. Then the boats and joined the crew of another of Doolittle's planes, among whom us Doolittle's flight sing on. Some of the fliers went on to Chungking, but the battles remained behind to take care of Lawson's badly mangled body. CHAPTER 29 Sulfanilamide and sulfathiasol, from God only knows where, but bought with part of my “thousand dollars”... Crazy sulfa dreams almost as soon as they'd sift it in my leg and arm or pop it in my mouth... The mayor of L, smiling and bowing to us and bringing us little gifts from the people then going upstairs to see his son, dying of lung trouble... A Chinese general pumping my hand up and down. I remember calling for Doc and asking him to sow up the gash in the upper part of the leg. I told him I'd feel better if it weren't open. It looked so awful... And the rag he put over my face and the peat of chloroform... Making up and seeing that Doe had decided to sew only half of it, leaving the rest open to dram. Purple-ink ant isoptic, being poured into the sun's opening in my fall and turning out my ankle cuts as if down a series of pipes... The boys... Davenport with a rane... And, yes, telling them how sorry I was about the landing. Refuses to Blame Pilot for Crash that the hell! I was running to a fault. Say ing that I should have gone in high on instruments and hailed out. "You forget it. What’s done is done. The motors would have quit no matter where we were." I guess I looked through the wrong end of a telescope for many days I couldn't pull myself together. You see all this time I was suffering dead flesh off my lower leg each day. He started that the night he punctured my leg and let the stuff remain on. Twice a day after that he'd clip flesh away, mostly around my ankle. Once I felt nothing. We would ask him to tell him I was worn, he did not live living flesh. He did give me a snuff of morphine afterward, sometimes. I asked him once about what the ankle would look like if he kept cutting off flesh, he said he did a good plaster surgery on it when I got back to the sun. But it was a shock to go through with the two daily outfits. Old Dr. Cowell stood there, holding my pulse and looking me or row fully. It got to more than I could stand, so the day I broke down and blurted out: "I couldn't take it to live a day. Dr. Cowell kept clipping away. "You'll either take it or you'll lose the leg," he said. I told him to take the leg I couldn't take two cuttings a day. He said, "I couldn't do much good, I guess. But for the next few days he put me only once a day. A Chinese farmer built a platform for my leg to test upon. All to me the missionary women waited on me. They'd cook up different types of rice dishes, and I'd try hard to eat, but I couldn't. They would have to take them away and call for Dr. Cowell and his needle. But they never seemed to regret the time and trouble they expended on me. Mrs. Parker found some brandy or e and fixed it up in a nice eggnog. I couldn't drink even that. The big day came toward the end of the first week in May. I had even seen him, but he was very clean-looking in his uniform. But he was uncomfortable. Neither of us said anything for a little while. I looked at him and asked him if he was going to take the leg. “Yeah— I think so,” he said. “I didn't ask me how I felt about it. So, after a bit, I said I wished he'd get started. All I could think of now was getting rid of that thing. “That's all I wanted to know,” Dor said. The Parkers came in now. They had been waiting outside. They knew. They started talking about NERVOUS, RESTLESS, HIGH-STRUNG, and other nervous, tired, and worn out. Then start at once—try Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound to relieve such symptoms. Pinkham's Compound is that it contains no Compound, is made especially for her menstrual troubles. It is made from roots and herbs (plus healthy resistance against such Vitamin H. Here is a product that thousands upon thousands have reported benefits. Also, a fine stomachic tonic. A grand thing about Pinkham's follow label directions. For a try, try it. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. Kilen and the baby. They meant well, real well. I was glad the boys didn’t. I walk in to see me then Dr. C told me about the anesthetic that would be used. It was a spinal shot. He explained that you stick an empty hypo in the lower spine and draw off the spinal fluid secreted at that point. Then shoot the same or volume of the anesthetic into the same spot. It everything from there down. Parkers Come In, Talk of His Family Chinese runners had earned the stuff to L from a city whose name I can remember day's away from L—. It was just one more miracle. Doe came back in the room. Naturally, I wanted to find out something more I asked some questions and found that it was going to be done up on the second floor of the nearby operating building. I said to him that I guessed it wouldn't be so had, with it off. It would be something like wearing a shoe with a high instep. Doc didn't answer, and for the first time I knew that he was going to take more than my foot and ankle. I told him now, after I swallowed, that I wanted to be sure that he took it off well below the knee. Dor- was busy thinking about something else. He didn't answer, so I had to crane out and ask him where he did take it off. "Well," Doc said, "above the knee. I'll leave you as much as I can." It was hard to take that awful hard. I had hoped and I had thought that if it had to come off it would be below the knee. Maybe I said it over and over. "Nope," I said. "If I did that, I might not get enough off." Then there would have to be another one, and your system couldn't take it. Then Nurse Takes Leg Platform Away. I tried to find some answer to that, but there was nothing to say Dr. C and a nurse took away the platform that was holding my leg up. That let me roll over on my side, drawing my breath in sharply, because rolling hurt a lot. And in that position I gave me the signal. I was drowsy, but I still could see all right and think and hear all right. They brought a stretcher up to the bed, rolled me on it, and carried me out of the kitchen and through the pretty garden to that operating budding. I told them to keep my head lower than my feet. I remembered that Grubb who helped stand up for Ellen and me at the wedding had had an operation once and had watched it being done. They kept his head up, and he had had headaches for weeks afterward. When we got to the operating house the men did just the opposite and smarted to carry me up the stairs head first. I called to Dr. C and he straightened it out. We came back down the few steps, turned around, and I was carried up feet first. As if it made a lot of difference. In the operating room were Dor, Mrs. Fitzgerald, Mary Small, Dr. C's wife, and two Chinese nurses. I was rolled on the table and Doc poked around the leg a bit. It wasn't dead yet, but... By the time they wrapped the lower part of it in oiled paper, I told Doc I thought it was dead now. Doc took his time. He wanted to be sure. But at last, he came over to the table with a scalpel in his hand. I rocked an eye down and he started. Oirith.KM hj International Nr*» S*.vtr» Cnpyrmht, 184. V, by Ran'lnrn H<-> ih, In' - (Continued tomorrow) DR. T. P. JAMISON DENTIST 117 M Ave. at GKvwo'd T.L CL. 4744 • Hr. « I. I Sleepers for Tots Judge the Value by the Specifications & Co. Others vy r it j One-Piece Pastel Flannelettes Long Sleeves and Drop Seats With or Without Feet, 2 to 8 It V Warm and W askable! H Sears Thrifty Price! Wool Filled Comforters Judge the Value by the Specifications All New Pure Wool Filling Celanese Rayon Satin Covers S Ze S elaborately Stitched Design! Rose, Blue, White Colors! Luclte "Moonheads" Judge the Value by the Specifications 2.45 Iridescent Single Strands Crystal Colors, Reflect Light N Necklaces Perfect with Black! Wear with Sweaters or Frocks! "Royal Purple" Hosiery Flatters Judge the Value by the Specifications! You'll Find It Pays to Buy at Sears! Full Fashioned 45 Gauge Reinforced Foot Sheer, Dress-up Hose! TU*re / / Shader! September's Bond Month! 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US-201715432350-A_2 | USPTO | Public Domain | In some embodiments, the vehicle may be configured to actively drive motor 144 even though the rider may not be present on the vehicle (e.g., temporarily), which may allow the rider to perform various tricks. For example, device 262 may be configured to delay sending the rider-not-present signal to the microcontroller for a predetermined duration of time, and/or the microcontroller may be configured to delay sending the signal to logic 306 to cut power to the motor for a predetermined duration of time.
The electric vehicle may include other safety mechanisms, such as a buzzer mechanism. The buzzer mechanism may be configured to emit an audible signal (or buzz) to the rider if circuitry within the electric vehicle detects an error. For example, the buzzer mechanism may emit an error signal to the rider if circuitry within the electric vehicle does not pass a diagnostic test (see FIG. 6).
FIG. 6 depicts multiple steps of a method (or operations), generally indicated at 600, which may be performed by and/or in conjunction with vehicle 100. Although various steps of method 600 are described below and depicted in FIG. 6, the steps need not necessarily all be performed, and in some cases may be performed in a different order than the order shown.
As shown, method 600 may include an initialization procedure, a standby procedure, and an operation procedure. The initialization procedure may include a step 602 of activating a power switch. For example, at step 602, the rider may press switch 266 (see FIG. 4). The initialization procedure may then flow to a step 604 of performing one or more diagnostics. For example, circuitry of vehicle 100 may perform one or more diagnostic tests to determine whether the one or more electrical components are properly operational. For example, at step 604, motor controller 254 may perform a self-diagnostic to determine whether components thereof, such as the power stage, are operational.
The initialization procedure may include a step 606 of determining whether the diagnostics performed at step 604 were passed. If it is determined at step 606 that the diagnostics were not passed, then method 600 may flow to a step 608 of emitting an error signal, and a step 610 of disabling the vehicle. For example, vehicle 100 may emit an audible buzz via the buzzer mechanism or emit a light signal (e.g., by flashing illuminators 278) if it is determined that the diagnostics were not passed, and may prevent motor controller 254 from powering motor 144. In some embodiments, disabling the vehicle may involve locking the rotor relative to the stator. For example, the motor controller may continuously energize the electric coils of the stator with a substantially constant current to prevent the rotor from rotating relative to the stator. However, if it is determined at step 606 that the diagnostics were passed, then the initialization procedure may flow to a step 612 of initializing sensors 270.
As shown in FIG. 6, the initialization procedure may then flow to the standby procedure. The standby procedure may include a step 614 of determining whether a rider is detected. For example, circuitry of vehicle 100 may determine whether the rider is detected as being suitably positioned on board 104 (e.g., with one foot on first deck portion 116, and the other foot on second deck portion 120, as shown in FIG. 7), based on a received signal from rider detection device 262. If it is determined at step 614 that the rider is not detected on the vehicle, then step 614 may be repeated until a rider is detected. In some embodiments, device 262 may substantially continuously send the rider-present signal to the circuitry when the rider is positioned on the vehicle, and/or may substantially continuously send the rider-not-present signal to the circuitry when the rider is not positioned on the vehicle. In some embodiments, device 262 may intermittently send these signals based on the position of the rider.
If it is determined at step 614 that a rider is detected as suitably positioned on board 104, as is shown in FIG. 7, then the standby procedure may flow to a step 616 of reading or acquiring one or more measurements (e.g., orientation information) from sensors 270 (e.g., gyro 280 and accelerometer 314).
The standby procedure may include a step 618 of determining whether board 104 is in the level orientation (or other predefined and/or predetermined orientation). Circuitry of vehicle 100 may determine whether board 104 is in the level orientation based on the measurements acquired from sensors 270 at step 616. If it is determined at step 618 that board 104 is not in the level orientation, as is shown in FIG. 7, then the standby procedure may return to step 614.
However, if it is determined at step 618 that board 104 is in the level orientation, as is shown in FIG. 8, then the standby procedure may flow to the operation procedure (e.g., to initialize self-balancing of the vehicle) via the feedback control loop, an example of which is generally indicated at 620 in FIG. 6. Loop 620 may be a closed-loop balancing routine, which may be repeated until the rider is no longer detected.
Loop 620 may include a step 622 of reading or acquiring one or more measurements from sensors 270. For example, at step 622, microcontroller 269 (or other circuitry) may acquire acceleration measurements of board 104 along the pitch, roll, and yaw axes from accelerometer 314, and may acquire position measurements of board 104 about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes from gyro 280.
Loop 620 may include a step 624 of applying sensor offsets to one or more of the measurements acquired at step 622. For example, offsets for the accelerometer and the gyro may be determined at step 612 during initialization, which may be applied at step 624 to the measurements acquired at step 622 to substantially correct sensor bias.
Loop 620 may include a step 626 of combining sensor values. For example, at step 626, microcontroller 269 may combine measurements from accelerometer 314 and gyro 280 acquired at step 622 (including or not including the applied offsets) with the complementary or Kalman filter.
Loop 620 may include a step 628 of calculating (or determining) the lean angle of board 104. At step 628, microcontroller 269 may determine the lean angle based on the combined measurements from accelerometer 314 and gyro 280.
As described above, the lean angle may include the pitch, roll, and yaw angles of board 104. As shown in FIG. 9, the rider may pivot board 104 about pitch axis A1 to produce a pitch angle θ1, in which case at step 630, the microcontroller may determine that board 104 has pitch angle θ1 based on combined measurements (e.g., orientation information) from accelerometer 314 and gyro 280. As shown, the pitch angle may be determined based on an orientation of board 104 with respect to the level orientation. The level orientation may be determined or calculated based on a measured gravity vector.
Loop 620 may include a step 630 of calculating an error angle. The error angle may be an estimate or calculation of a displacement of the board from the level orientation based on orientation information from sensors 270. For example, in the orientation shown in FIG. 9, the microcontroller may determine that pitch angle θ1 is the error angle. At step 630, microcontroller 269 may calculate (or determine) the error angle with respect to a gravity vector measurement acquired from accelerometer 314.
Loop 620 may include a step 632 of calculating P, I, and D values for the PID control scheme. These values may be used to filter out impacts from bumps on the ground, road texture, and/or disturbances due to unintentionally sudden steering inputs.
Loop 620 may include a step 634 of sending a motor command (or motor control signal) to motor 144. At step 634, the motor controller may generate the motor control signal in response to the orientation information received sensors 270. Motor 144 may be configured to receive the motor control signal from motor controller 254 and to rotate wheel 132 in response to the orientation information.
For example, at step 634, microcontroller 269 may send a signal to logic 306 including information corresponding to the calculated lean angle, the calculated error angle (which may be the calculated lean angle or a percentage thereof), and/or the calculated P, I, D values. Based on this information, BLDC drive logic 306 may determine how to accordingly drive motor 144. For example, logic 306 may determine that the rotor of motor 144 should be driven in a clockwise direction (in FIG. 9) at a first rate, based on pitch or error angle θ1, to attempt to move board 104 back to the level orientation, and send a corresponding motor command to power stage 310. Power stage 310 may then accordingly power motor 144 via phase wires 202 (see FIG. 3). If the rider maintains downward pressure on deck portion 116, the clockwise rotation of the rotor of motor 144 may result in rightward propulsion of vehicle 100 in FIG. 9.
As shown in FIG. 9, in response to the motor command, illuminators 278 coupled to deck portion 116 may emit white light WL, and illuminators 278 coupled to deck portion 120 may emit red light RL, as vehicle 100 moves rightward.
Referring back to FIG. 6, loop 620 may include a step 636 of determining whether the rider is detected (e.g., as suitably positioned on board 104). The microcontroller may make this determination based on a signal from the rider detection device, for example, in a manner similar to that of step 614. In some embodiments, the determination of whether the rider is detected may be based on motor torque (e.g., a reduction of motor torque below a predefined threshold), or vehicle orientations that may indicate that the electric vehicle is not under rider control (e.g., excessive pitch, roll, and/or yaw angle or modulation thereof).
At step 636, if it is determined that the rider is not detected (e.g., has fallen, jumped, or otherwise dismounted the electric vehicle), then the operation procedure may flow to a step 638 of stopping motor 144, and return to step 614. At step 638, stopping the motor may involve locking the rotor relative to the stator, such that the ground-contacting element (e.g., the tire) stops rotating around the pitch axis relative to the board. For example, at step 638, the motor controller may energize the electric coils of the stator with a substantially continuous, constant, and/or relatively strong electric current to produce a substantially constant and/or strong electromagnetic field for stopping rotation of the magnets of the rotor around the pitch axis relative to the stator.
However, if it is determined at step 363 that the rider is detected (e.g., is still suitably positioned on the electric vehicle), then loop 620 may return to step 622, and loop 620 may be repeated. For example, in a subsequent repetition of loop 620, the rider may have moved board 104 to an orientation having a pitch angle θ2 (see FIG. 9). Pitch angle θ2 may correspond to further pivotation of board 104 about pitch axis A1 relative to the orientation of board 104 shown in FIG. 9, such that deck portion 116 has been moved further below the level orientation, and deck portion 120 has been moved further above the level orientation. In this subsequent repetition of loop 620, circuitry of vehicle 100 may power the rotor in a clockwise direction at a second rate, based on pitch angle θ2, to attempt to move board 104 back to the level orientation. The second rate may be greater than the first rate.
In another subsequent repetition of loop 620, the rider may have moved board 104 to an orientation having a pitch angle θ3 (see FIG. 10). As shown, pitch angle θ3 corresponds to pivotation of board 104 about pitch axis A1, such that deck portion 120 has been moved below the level orientation, and deck portion 116 has been moved above the level orientation. In this subsequent repetition of loop 620, circuitry of vehicle 100 may power the rotor of motor 144 to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction (as indicated in FIG. 10) at a third rate, based on pitch angle θ3, to attempt to move board 104 back to the level orientation. If the rider maintains downward pressure on deck portion 120, the counter-clockwise rotation of the rotor of motor 144 may result in leftward propulsion of vehicle 100 in FIG. 10. An absolute value of the third rate may correspond to a greater rate than an absolute value of the first rate, as angle θ3 in FIG. 10 is shown to have a larger magnitude than angle θ1 in FIG. 9. Similarly, an absolute value of the third rate may correspond to a lesser rate than an absolute value of the second rate, as angle θ3 is shown to have a smaller magnitude than angle θ2 in FIG. 9.
As mentioned above, the light assemblies may switch color when vehicle 100 reverses direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, in response to the reversed direction of movement of vehicle 100 (relative to the direction of movement shown in FIG. 9), illuminators 278 coupled to deck portion 116 may switch from illuminating white light to emitting red light RL, and illuminators 278 coupled to deck portion 120 may switch from emitting red light to emitting white light WL, as vehicle 100 moves leftward.
In particular, illuminators 278 of the first light assembly (e.g., disposed at the first end portion of board 104 on the right-hand side of FIG. 9) may be configured to output light of a first color (e.g., white) when board 104 is being propelled generally in a first direction (e.g., indicated in FIG. 9 as to the right), and to output light of a second color (e.g., red) when board 104 is being propelled generally in a second direction (e.g., to the left in FIG. 10).
Similarly, illuminators 278 of the second light assembly (e.g., disposed at the second end portion of board 104 on the left-hand side of FIG. 9) may be configured to output light of the second color (e.g., red) when board 104 is being propelled generally in the first direction (e.g., indicated in FIG. 9 as to the right), and to output light of the first color (e.g., white) when board 104 is being propelled generally in the second direction (e.g., to the left in FIG. 10).
Vehicle 100 may include a turn compensation feature. The turn compensation feature may adjust a rate at which motor 144 is driven based on the roll angle of board 104. For example, the rider may pivot board 104 from the level orientation to a rolled orientation about roll axis A2, as shown in FIG. 11, by changing heel and/or toe pressure applied to board 104, resulting in a roll angle θ4, in which case, step 628 of FIG. 6 may involve calculating roll angle θ4 based on orientation information from sensors 270. If board 104 is also pivoted about the pitch axis (e.g. has pitch angle θ1 or θ3, as shown respectively in FIGS. 9 and 10), then at step 634 of FIG. 6, the circuitry may send an increased amount of power to motor 144 based on roll angle θ4 to increase the rotational rate of the rotor and thus tire 132. A magnitude of the increased amount of power may be based on a magnitude of the roll angle, with a greater roll angle magnitude corresponding to a greater increase in power, and a lesser roll angle magnitude corresponding to a lesser increase in power.
Similarly, the turn compensation feature may adjust a rate at which motor 144 is driven based on a change in the yaw angle of board 104. For example, the rider may pivot board 104 from a first orientation (as shown in dash double dot lines in FIG. 12) to a second orientation (as shown in solid lines in FIG. 12) about yaw axis A3, resulting in a yaw angle change θ5. If in this second orientation, board 104 is also oriented to have a pitch angle, then at step 634 of FIG. 6, the circuitry may send an increased amount of power to motor 144 based on yaw angle change θ5 to increase the rotational rate of the rotor and thus tire 132.
FIGS. 7-12 show a process of operating vehicle 100. FIG. 7 shows the rider on board 104 in a starting orientation. The starting orientation may correspond to one of the rider's feet pressing downward on deck portion 120 to brace deck portion 120 against the ground, and the other of the rider's feet positioned on deck portion 116. As shown, the rider's right foot is pressing downward on deck portion 120, and the rider's left foot is contacting deck portion 116. However, board 104 may be configured to allow the rider to operate vehicle 100 in a “switch” stance, with their left foot on deck portion 120, and their right foot on deck portion 116. In (or prior to) the starting position, the rider may power-on vehicle 100 by pressing switch 266 (see FIG. 4). In the starting position, circuitry of vehicle 100 may prevent or hinder rotation of the rotor relative to the stator (see FIG. 3), for example, by powering the electric coils with a relatively strong and substantially continuously constant current (and/or mechanically locking and/or creating increased friction between the rotor and the stator), which may assist the rider in moving board 104 to the level orientation. The circuitry of vehicle 100 may be configured to remove this rotational hindrance when orientation information from the sensors indicates that board 104 has been moved to the level orientation.
The rider may move board 104 to the level orientation, as shown in FIG. 8, by shifting their weight to pivot board 104 about pitch axis A1. Movement of board 104 to the level orientation may initialize active balancing of vehicle 100 via control loop 620 (see FIG. 6). In some embodiments, circuitry of vehicle 100 may be configured to initialize (or proceed to) loop 620 after board 104 has been maintained in the level orientation (or a range of orientations near the level orientation) for a predetermined duration of time (e.g., 1 second), which may provide adequate delay for ensuring that the rider is in control of vehicle 100.
As indicated in FIG. 9, the rider may pivot board 104 about pitch axis A1 by angle θ1 to move vehicle 100 “forward” (that is to the to the right in FIG. 9) via clockwise rotation provided by motor 144. The rider may increase the clockwise rotation of motor 144, and thus the forward speed of vehicle 100 by further pivoting board 104 in a clockwise direction, for example to produce pitch angle θ2.
As the rider increases the speed of vehicle 100 by pressing deck portion 116 further toward the ground (e.g., to pitch angle θ2), the power output of motor 144 may approach a maximum power output. At the maximum output of motor 144, pressing deck portion 116 further toward the ground may result in a front end of the board contacting the ground at a relatively high speed, which may result in an accident. To prevent a likelihood of such an accident, vehicle 100 may include a power margin indication feature configured to indicate to the rider a margin between a current power output of motor 144 and the maximum power output of motor 144. For example, when the current power output of motor 144 reaches a predetermined headroom threshold near the maximum power output (e.g., if motor 144 is being driven at a relatively high speed or rate and the rider pivots board 104 to pitch angle θ2), circuitry of vehicle 100 may be configured to send an increased pulse of power (e.g., in excess of the headroom threshold, but less than or equal to the maximum power output) to motor 144 to push back the rider and move the board 104 back toward (and/or to) the level orientation (or in some embodiments, even further back). In some embodiments, the power margin indicator may communicate a relationship between the current power output and the maximum power output by emitting an audio signal (e.g., from the buzzer) or a visual signal (e.g., from a tachometer). In some embodiments, the power margin indicator may be configured to similarly indicate a margin (or ratio) between the current power output and the maximum power output when vehicle 100 is propelled in reverse, as shown in FIG. 10.
While pivoting board 104 to have a pitch angle with respect to the level orientation, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the rider may pivot board 104 about roll axis A2, as is shown in FIG. 11, to modulate power to the motor.
Similarly, while pivoting board 104 to have a pitch angle with respect to the level orientation, the rider may pivot board 104 about yaw axis A3, as is shown in FIG. 12, to modulate power to the motor.
In some embodiments, one or more electric vehicles, which may each be similar to and/or include vehicle 100, may be monitored, altered, and/or controlled by one or more peripheral devices. Examples of such systems and components thereof are shown in FIGS. 13-23.
FIG. 13 shows an illustrative system, generally indicated at 700. System 700 may include vehicle 100 in communication with a wireless electronic device 710. Device 710 may be any suitable wireless electronic device including a transmitter TX and/or a receiver RX. For example, device 710 may be a smartphone, a tablet computer, or any other wireless electronic device capable of wirelessly transmitting and/or receiving data.
Device 710 may be configured to wirelessly upgrade and/or alter firmware of vehicle 100 (e.g., of microcontroller 269). For example, device 710 may download an encrypted firmware package from a server 720 over a network, such as a cloud network. Device 710 may transmit the package from a transmitter TX of device 710 to a receiver RX of vehicle 100. In some embodiments, vehicle 100 may include a transmitter TX for transmitting data regarding the operational status of vehicle 100 to a receiver RX of device 710. Reception of the data by device 710 may prompt device 710 to download the package from server 720.
Device 710 may include a processor (or processor unit—see FIG. 23), a storage device (see FIG. 23), and a program (or software application) 800 comprising a plurality of instructions stored in the storage device. The plurality of instructions may be executed by the processor to receive data transmitted from vehicle 100, display the received data from vehicle 100 on a graphical user interface (GUI) of device 710, display a component configuration of vehicle 100 on the GUI of device 710, transmit data to vehicle 100, reconfigure (or alter) one or more components of vehicle 100, control one or more components of vehicle 100, and/or perform one or more of the features depicted in FIGS. 14-20.
FIG. 14 depicts a schematic block diagram of various features which may be included in application 800. Application 800 may include a riding mode selector feature 802. Feature 802 may be configured to allow the rider (or other user) to select and/or change a riding mode of vehicle 100. For example, feature 802 may include a top speed limit selector 804, a top acceleration limit selector 806, a control loop gain selector 808, and/or a turn compensation parameter selector 810. Selector 804 may allow a top speed limit of vehicle 100 (e.g., of the rotor relative to the stator) to be selected (and/or set). For example, the rider may be a novice, in which case selector 804 may be used to set the top speed limit to a relatively low speed, such as 2 miles per hour (MPH). At a later time and/or as the rider becomes more proficient in operating the electric vehicle, the rider may use selector 804 to increase the top speed limit (e.g., to 8 MPH). In another example, the electric vehicle may be used by multiple users, at least one of which may be a novice, and at least one of which may be more experienced. Selector 804 may be used to set the top speed limit to a lower speed for the novice, and to a higher speed for the more experienced rider. Similarly, selector 806 may be used to select a top acceleration limit of the electric vehicle (e.g., of the rotor relative to the stator).
Selector 808 may be configured to allow a gain of the control loop of the electric vehicle (e.g., see feedback control loop 620 in FIG. 6) to be decreased, increased, or otherwise modulated. For example, the gain may determine a rate at which the rotational rate of the rotor of motor 144 is changed based on how much the lean angle (e.g., pitch angle) of board 104 has been changed. By using selector 808 to set the gain to a lower level, a first change in the pitch angle may correspond to a smaller acceleration of the electric vehicle. By using selector to set the gain to a higher level, the first change in the pitch angle may correspond to a larger acceleration of the electric vehicle. Setting the gain may include changing one or more gains of the PID control loop, such as a proportional gain (Kp), an integral gain (Ki), and/or a derivative gain (Kd). However, changing the proportional gain may more dramatically change a riding feel of the vehicle, as compared to changing the integral gain and/or the derivative gain.
Selector 810 may be configured to allow one or more turn compensation parameters to be selected and/or set. For example, selector 810 may allow the user to select whether the roll angle is used to modulate the motor command, and/or set a gain corresponding to a relationship between the roll angle and modulation of the motor command. Similarly, selector 810 may allow the user to select whether a yaw angle change is used to modulate the motor command, and/or set a gain corresponding to a relationship between the yaw angle change and modulation of the motor command.
Application 800 may include a battery status feature 812. Feature 812 may display on the GUI, or otherwise communicate to the user, an amount of available power remaining in the power supply (e.g., the one or more batteries) of the electric vehicle. For example, feature 812 may display remaining battery power as a percentage, and/or a distance corresponding to how far the remaining power may propel the electric vehicle. If the electric vehicle is plugged into a recharging device for recharging the power supply, then feature 812 may display (or communicate) a duration of time until the power supply is fully recharged.
Application 800 may include an odometer feature 814. Feature 814 may display (or otherwise communicate) a total distance that the electric vehicle has been ridden or operated. For example, circuitry of the electric vehicle may transmit data representative of a total number of revolutions of the tire of the electric vehicle to the wireless electronic device. The wireless electronic device may then display (or update) the distance communicated by feature 814 based on the transmitted data.
Application 800 may include a lighting mode selector 816. The electric vehicle may include a plurality of lighting modes, such as a first, second, third, fourth, and fifth lighting modes. The first lighting mode may be configured to reversibly light the headlight/taillight assemblies (e.g., switch the color of the illuminators of the assemblies based on the direction of movement of the electric vehicle). The second lighting mode may be configured to not reversibly light the headlight/taillight assemblies (e.g., not switch the colors based on the direction of movement). The third lighting mode may be configured to emit brighter light from the headlight/taillight assemblies (e.g., for night time riding). The fourth lighting mode may be configured to emit dimmer light from the headlight/taillight assemblies (e.g., for daytime riding). The fifth lighting mode may be configured to flash the illuminators of one or both of the headlight/taillight assemblies (e.g., to increase visibility of the electric vehicle).
Selector 816 may allow selection of one or more modes of the plurality of lighting modes. For example, the rider may use selector 816 to select the first lighting mode and the third lighting mode, resulting in the headlight/taillight assemblies being reversibly lit and emitting a greater amount of light. The rider may subsequently use selector 816 to deselect the third lighting mode, and select the fourth lighting mode to decrease power consumption of the electric vehicle. In some embodiments selector 816 may be used to switch the headlight/taillight assemblies between ON and OFF modes.
Application 800 may include an informational feature 818. Feature 818 may be configured to acquire diagnostic, service, error, and/or debugging information from the electric vehicle, and display (or otherwise communicate) this information to the user. For example, feature 818 may acquire and/or display information (or data) representative of, indicative of, corresponding to, and/or associated with battery voltage, current amps, total amp-hours, regenerated or regen amp-hours (e.g., an amount of electric energy recovered through regenerative braking), a current lean angle of the board, a safety margin (e.g., representative of the current power output of the motor relative to the maximum power output of the motor, such as the current power output represented as a percentage of the maximum power output), a current motor temperature, a history of motor temperatures, total battery cycles, and/or an indication of an operational status of any of the foregoing.
Application 800 may include a security feature 820. Feature 820 may be configured to prevent unauthorized use of the electric vehicle. For example, feature 820 may be configured to toggle the electric vehicle between an enabled mode and a disabled mode. The enabled mode may allow the motor of the electric vehicle to be powered. The disabled mode may prevent the motor of the electric vehicle from being powered (and/or electrically and/or mechanically lock the rotor relative to the stator).
In some embodiments, an owner and/or an authorized rider of a particular electric vehicle (or set of electric vehicles) may be issued a personal identification number (PIN) corresponding that particular electric vehicle (or set of electric vehicles), in which case feature 820 may allow the owner and/or the authorized rider to input the PIN to toggle the electric vehicle between the enabled and disabled modes. In some embodiments, a predefined relatively close proximity of a wireless electronic device with an authorized PIN to a corresponding electric vehicle may toggle the electric vehicle to the enable mode. In some embodiments, removal of the wireless electronic device with the authorized PIN from the predefined relatively close proximity may toggle the electric vehicle to the disable mode.
Feature 820 may allow the predefined relatively close proximity to be adjusted. For example, feature 820 may allow the authorized user to switch the proximity between a relatively short distance (e.g., 5 meters) and a relatively long distance (e.g., 50 meters). Setting the proximity to the short distance may be suitable for personal use. Setting the proximity to the long distance may be suitable for situations in which the electric vehicle is being used by another party, such a renter or a friend. In some embodiments, feature 820 may toggle the electric vehicle to the disable mode when a measured distance between the wireless electronic device and the electronic vehicle is indicative of the wireless electronic device not being carried by a rider of the electronic vehicle. Proximity of the wireless electronic device (or distance there between) may be measured or estimated by any suitable apparatus, mechanism, device, or system, such as a global positioning system (GPS) or one or more other suitable proximity sensors.
Application 800 may include a notification feature 822. Feature 822 may receive a notification from the electric vehicle that the electric vehicle has been turned on (or powered-up). Feature 822 may receive a notification from the electric vehicle when power in the power supply reaches a predefined level, such as at or below 20%. Feature 822 may display (or otherwise communicate) one or more of these notifications to the user.
Application 800 may include a navigation feature 824. Feature 824 may display a map of routes taken by the electric vehicle. The map may include vehicle statistics, such as average speed for one or more of the routes, a top speed for one or more of the routes, a top cornering speed for one or more of the routes, and/or a top acceleration for one or more of the routes. The routes may be identified based at least in part on GPS tracking of either the vehicle or the wireless electronic device, or tracking via another suitable system. The vehicle statistics may be determined based at least in part on motor controller information transmitted from the vehicle to the wireless electronic device.
Feature 824 may allow the user to share the map, one or more particular routes, and/or data corresponding thereto with one or more other parties via one or more social networks, such as FACEBOOK® or TWITTER®. Feature 824 may display a map of a user's current location, and overlay on the map of a circle (or other shape) indicative of how far the electric vehicle can travel (e.g., vehicle range) given a current power level in of the power supply. The map may show locations of nearby charging stations. The charging stations may include public electric vehicle charging stations and/or locations of individual electric vehicle enthusiasts who have been previously identified as allowing others to plug into electrical outlets at their respective homes or businesses.
Application 800 may include a training feature 826. Feature 826 may be configured to guide a rider through a learning progression regarding various features of the electric vehicle. The learning progression may include a series of instructional videos. Each of the instructional videos may be related to a different feature of the electric vehicle. Each video may be followed by one or more guided exercises. If the rider successfully completes the one or more guided exercises, then feature 826 may unlock a new feature of the electric vehicle. The new feature may be a feature that was previously unavailable to the rider.
FIG. 15 shows an exemplary screenshot of a home screen 900 of the software application. As shown, screen 900 may include a field 902. Field 902 may show a percentage of battery power remaining (in this example 88%), and may depict this percentage in a bar graph. Screen 900 may include a field 904 displaying an estimated vehicle range (in this case 5.3 miles) that the electric vehicle may travel based on the percentage of battery power remaining. Fields 902 and/or 904 may be an example of feature 812.
Screen 900 may include a riding mode selector field 906. Field 906 may be an example of feature 802. Field 906 may allow the user to select one of a plurality of riding modes, such as a learn mode, a speed mode, or a trick mode. The learn mode may be suitable for use by a novice rider when learning how to operate the electric vehicle. For example, the learn mode may correspond to a lower top speed limit, a lower top acceleration limit, and/or relatively low (or no) turn compensation. The speed (or commute) mode may be suitable for riders who desire to quickly travel on the electric vehicle from one place to another. For example, the speed mode may correspond to a higher top speed limit, a higher top acceleration limit, and/or moderate turn compensation. The trick mode may be suitable for riders who desire to perform various tricks on the electric vehicle. For example, the trick mode may correspond to a moderate top speed limit, a higher top acceleration limit, and/or higher turn compensation.
The user may select the learn mode by tapping on a learn field 908, the user may select the speed mode by tapping on the speed field 910, and the user may select the trick mode by tapping on a trick field 912. Selection of one of the modes may correspond to a de-selection of one or more of the other modes.
Selection of a riding mode may result in display of a field 914. Field 914 may show one or more operational parameters of the selected riding mode. For example, if the speed mode is selected, as shown in FIG. 15, then field 914 may show a top speed field 916, an acceleration field 918, a corning field 920, and a range field 922. Field 916 may depict a top speed limit for the speed mode and/or enable the user to set the top speed limit for the speed mode. Field 918 may depict a top acceleration limit for the speed mode and/or enable the user to set the top acceleration limit for the speed mode. Field 920 may depict and/or enable the user to set a rate at which modulation of the roll angle and/or the yaw angle is factored into modulation of the rotational rate of the rotor about the pitch axis. Field 922 may depict how one or more operational parameters (or settings) of the speed mode may affect a range that the electric vehicle can travel. For example, if the operational parameters consume a greater amount of energy, then field 922 may indicate a shorter range, as shown. Similarly, field 914 may depict and/or enable one or more similar operational parameters to be set for the learn and trick modes.
Screen 900 may include a lighting mode field 924. Field 924 may be an example of feature 816. Field 924 may enable the user to toggle the headlight/taillight assemblies between two or more lighting modes, such as an OFF mode and an ON mode. The OFF mode may correspond to the illuminators of the headlight/taillight assemblies not emitting light. The ON mode may correspond to the illuminators of the headlight/taillight assemblies emitting light.
Screen 900 may include an indicator 926. Indicator 926 may indicate how or through what protocol device 710 is connected to vehicle 100 (see FIG. 13). As indicated in FIG. 15, device 710 may be connected to (e.g., in communication with) vehicle 100 via Bluetooth protocol. However, in other embodiments, the wireless electronic device may connect to the electric vehicle via another protocol suitable for transmitting data, preferably wirelessly, from one circuit to another.
Screen 900 (and other screens of application 800) may include one or more icons that allow a user to switch between various features of application 800. For example, the screens of application 800 may include icons 928, 930, 932, 934. Icon 928 may be a riding-mode/home screen icon, which when tapped (or otherwise selected) by the user may switch application 800 to screen 900. Icon 930 may be a navigation icon, which when selected by the user may switch application 800 to one or more navigation screens. For example, selection of icon 930 may result in display of a menu that allows the user to choose either of screens 1000 or 1100 (see FIGS. 16 and 17). Icon 932 may be a configuration icon, which when selected by the user may display features 818 and/or 820 (see FIG. 14) on a screen 1200 (see FIG. 18). Icon 934 may be a training icon, which when selected by the user may switch application 800 to one or more training screens. The one or more training screens may progress through one or more operations, examples of which are shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
In FIG. 16, screen 1000 depicts an example of navigation feature 824 (see FIG. 14). As shown in FIG. 16, screen 1000 may display a map, generally indicated at 1004. Map 1004 may show one or more routes traveled by vehicle 100, such as a first route 1008 (shown in dash double dot lines), a second route 1012 (shown in dash dot lines), and a third route 1016 (shown in dashed lined). For one or more of the routes, map 1004 may display one or more statistics for the electric vehicle along the respective route. For example, map 1004 may display an average speed statistic (e.g., 6 MPH) for the electric vehicle along route 1008, a location at which the electric vehicle achieved a top (or maximum) cornering speed, a location at which the electric vehicle achieved a top acceleration, and a location at which the electric vehicle achieved a top speed. Values of the top cornering speed, acceleration, and speed may be displayed on map 1004 (e.g., proximal the associated locations). Similarly, map 1004 may display statistics for routes 1012, 1016. In some embodiments, map 1004 may simultaneously display statistics for all of the routes shown. In some embodiments, map 1004 may display statistics for only a subset of the routes, which may be selected by the user. In some embodiments, map 1004 may allow selective display and/or sharing of specific routes (e.g., by tapping on a specific route to access display and/or sharing controls for that specific route).
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AS/1899/AS_18990429/MM_01/0013.xml_1 | NewZealand-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | BRUTAL MURDER OF AN IRISH FARMER. A cottage near Kerrykeel, ten miles from Letterkenny, County Donegal, was on March 3 the scene of a dreadful murder, with robbery as the apparent motive. The victim was an elderly farmer named James Williamson, living at one. The deceased some time ago sold a farm for £200, and it is rumoured that on the day of his untimely death he lifted £100 from the bank. The murder took place about dark, and about nine o'clock the alarm was raised. The police on entering the house found the body of the old man in shirt and trousers lying in the center of the kitchen in a pool of blood. The skull was broken with some sticks which were lying about besmeared with blood and brain matter. There was a hole in the left side of the body, which a medical examination showed to be the result of a gunshot at close range. The charge of the shot had lodged in the lungs. Near the body a double-barreled gun was found, with one barrel discharged. In the second barrel the police found shot of the same class as that found in the body. The theory of the police is that the murderers made a noise outside the door, and that the deceased put on his trousers and was going towards the door when it was forced and the intruders fired, afterwards finishing off their victim with sticks. The theory of the police is that the murderers made a noise outside the door, and that the deceased put on his trousers and was going towards the door when it was forced and the intruders fired, afterwards finishing off their victim with sticks. The theory of the police is that the murderers made a noise outside the door, and that the deceased put on his trousers and was going towards the door when it was forced and the intruders fired, afterwards finishing off their victim with sticks. THE MURDER OF A NEW YORK COFFIN MAKER. ...MONKEY A POSSIBLE WITNESS. Mystery still shrouds the death of the man Knaus, who one morning in February was found brutally murdered among his coffins in his workshop in New York. The inference still is that the murder was committed by one with whom Knaus was well acquainted, for careful examination by detectives showed that while the three dogs in the room at the time of the tragedy (one of them a big mastiff) had not been drugged, they made no attempt to assist their master in his struggle for life. A pet monkey of the deceased called Reine would not appear to have taken matters thus quietly. The police are said to have evidence that, unlike the dogs, Reine did not keep still while the fatal struggle between her gagged master and his slayer was in progress. She knew that all was not well, and as the cruel blows descended the faithful animal friend is said to have pounded at the bars of her cage and chattered and shrieked alarm in almost human tones. In the light of knowledge of the action of monkeys in similar cases some weight is attached to this story, and Reine may yet be the star witness in this, one of the notable murder mysteries of New York City. It is recorded that in the courts of Germany, a monkey which saw its master murdered made such a demonstration of rage at a suspect that he was frightened into making a confession. Just as is said to have occurred in the Knaus case, this monkey was heard to make a terrible fuss, chattering and screeching as far as it could about the time that the murder was believed to have been committed, it was the only known living witness of the deed... An arrest was finally made and although the evidence was not strong a trial of the man under suspicion was ordered. For some purpose the monkey was taken to the court room one day during the trial. It sat upon a table. When the prisoner was brought in it immediately set up a terrible screeching. After taking a good look at the handcuffed man the animal broke loose from its keeper and, with a blood curdling scream, jumped over the heads of the people in its way and landed squarely on the chest of the prisoner, attacking him fiercely with his claws, crying angrily all the while. The monkey in the Knaus case was greatly disturbed the morning the murder was discovered, said the detective in charge. It had evidently passed a rest less night. It was in a cage in the room where the murder was committed, and had been a witness. It was allowed to remain where it was, near its master's dead body, and it kept up an almost constant jabbering and chattering that forenoon while the police were making their investigations and the coroner's arrival was awaited. Whenever a stranger entered the room the monkey eyed him critically for a few moments and jabbering and jabbering at him. I would give a good dear to understand the monkey language. The beast was evidently trying its best to tell the story of the murder, I am afraid however, we shall be able to gain but little. The official year book of the Vatican, •which has just appeared, contains many interesting statistics., From it we learn that there are to-day fifty-six Cardinals, of whom five were appointed by Pius IX., and fifty-one by Leo XIII. In the College of Cardinals there are fourteen .vacancies. During the twenty one years of Pope Leo's pontificate, 124 Cardinals have al ready died. During the rule of the same Pontiff the. ecclesiastical hierarchy has been notably increased. Two new patri archal sees and thirteen archiepiscopal sees have been established; seventeen Bishops have been made Archbishops; 100 new Bishops, two Apostolic Delegates and forty-nine Apostolic Vicars have been appointed, and thirty new prefectures have been established. There are altogether in the world 1328 ecclesiastical dignitaries, of whom fifty six are Cardinals, ten Patriarchs, 880 Archbishops and Bishops, 358 titular \rchbishops and Bishops; five Archbish ops and Bishops who have given up their titles; eleven prelates of the epis copal order, and eight abbots and prelates ■with episcopal jurisdiction. ' The majority- of the high dignitaries in this list are Italians. Among the Cardi nals there are thirty Italians and twenty six foreigners. Among the Patriarchs, Archbishops and Bishops the proportion Is still more remarkable, for out of the 830 dioceses in the entire world Italy alone has one-third. The former kingdom of Naples alone has 150 dioceses-as many as France, Germany and Austria-Hun gary put together. If we add to these the numerous titular Italian Bishops we shall find that almost half of the dignities of the entire Catholic Church are distributed among Italian dignitaries. MRS BROWN - POTTER'S DIVORCE. AN AMERICAN STORY. The story published yesterday morning in the New York papers (says the San Francisco Bulletin of March 18) that James Brown Potter seeks a divorce from Cora Urquhart Potter, the actress who has recently captured London, is untrue. It is one of the many misstatements of yellow journalism. It was also published that Mrs. Potter owes her social success in London to the future king of England, and this is equally untrue. Mr. Potter wishes a divorce for the reason that he desires to marry a very beautiful Richmond belle. He will charge desertion, and he certainly has that ground for divorce. Mr. Potter has been for some time the cavalier of the belle of the South, who is a very distinguished looking woman and is accredited with having refused scores of men. She seems to admire him as much as he does her, and it is said to be only a question of time when they will marry. Mrs. Potter's success socially in London is due to two reasons: the first is that actresses, artists, and writers are always lionized by the smartest set which can afford to be independent. The second is that actresses, artists, and writers are always lionized by the smartest set which can afford to be independent. The third is that the Duchess of Manchester and her sisters, who all marry English noblemen, have been the warmest friends of Mrs. Potter. They were born Yznaga, and are well known in the best society of New Orleans and New York. The reason why the Duchess of Devon shire, who is one of the richest and most powerful women in England, invited Mrs Potter to her famous ball was that by her first marriage she was the Duchess of Manchester and consequently the mother-in-law of the present Duchess of Manchester. Consuelo Yznaga won the admiration of the Queen of England, as well as her mother-in-law, who was then the Duchess of Manchester, by the heroic way in which she endured her wretched life with her husband. Nothing appeals to the female portion of English society more quickly than the loyalty of a wife to a worthless husband. So it is strange only in the ignorant and perverted minds of yellow journalism that Mrs Potter went to the ball of the mother-in-law of her best friend. Tho Duchess of Manchester has repeatedly entertained Mrs Potter and given many teas and luncheons in her honour. She is undoubtedly as great a social success in London as she is a theatrical success, but the Prince of Wales has had no more to do with it than any one else. He has at tended all her performances because she is the leading actress in London. He cer tainly knows her socially, for fifteen years ago, when she was in private life, Mrs Potter met him and he remarked that she was the most beautiful of all the Ameri can women in London society. She was the beauty of the season. He always ad mired her and probably always will, but he has never been conspicuous in his attention to her. Mrs Potter's mother and father, Colonel and Mrs UrqUhart, liye with her in London. HORRORS OF THE KIMBERLY MINES. THE CONDITIONS APPROACH SLAVERY. Slavery, under the name of 'contract labour,' exists in 'Kimberly at the famous diamond mines. Ten thousand natives work in these mines at 5/ per day, boarding themselves out of their wages. While under contract to the companies, the native is kept in a place known as a 'compound,' similar to a well- guarded prison, for three months, or until the expiration of his contract.' If he dies, he is put in a large sack and buried in a large hole. If by an accident a number should die, as is sometimes the case, a layer of bodies is placed in the hole, which is partly filled up to await the next batch, which will be placed on top of the first and so on till the hole is filled up. If "a relative should desire to give a body de cent burial he or she is never-given an opportunity. The death of a black man is given about as much attention as the death of an animal. On Saturday hundreds of these contract natives are released from the 'compounds,' and then one witnesses "a disgusting sight." Doz ens of white men will be waiting to grab what money the natives have earned, re tail merchants, saloon men, and men from other mines. These men take them to the mines in the Transvaal and sell them to different companies for £1, £2, £3, £4 apiece, as the case may be. The 'touts,' as they are called, first see that the poor native is full of bad whisky, and it is said the quality of that whisky is not to be spoken of. The greater part of the civilised labouring classes of the natives. On Monday mornings the police courts are crowded with dozens of men, women, and girls arrested for drunkenness. Some time ago a friend of the natives endeavoured to get a bill through Parliament to prohibit the sale of liquor to natives only under certain conditions, but the bill was defeated. The British South African Company has taken possession of a great portion of Northern South Africa and this year the company had a mounted police and native commissioner going hundreds of miles into the interior, to what is known as 'Chief Swankey's' country, near the Great Zambesi River. When a native refuses to pay taxes or has not got the money to pay, the collector has the power to take anything he may have, which is generally cattle, sheep, and goats, and when the collector gets through the native possesses as considerably less. In some cases the head men are whipped, and told that they must make some of their men go to work for some of the companies. In Rhodesia the native works 30 days to the month, with a promised pay of from £1 to £2 10/ per month, and it is more pro mise than actual pay. They get a little something, so it can be said they are paid. If a man runs away and is caught he is forced back to work and gets a terrible whipping with hippopotamus hide. A witness says: 'I have often seen the flesh cut open and the blood run down their backs. I have seen dozens of them whipped, and never a murmur or a cry will they utter. They claim it is a disgrace to cry. Especially is this true among the Zulus, who are a brave and fearless people. If a native cannot be for ced to be a wage-worker by persuasion, the law and lash does its work at present in the Transvaal Republic.' A sensational case was heard by Mr. J. Makinson at the Salford Police Court on February 7. Four powerful looking men, whose heads were all swathed in surgi cal bandages, named John Smith (28), John West (48), William Gerrard or Robinson (24), and John Wilson (40), were charged with being in company and breaking and entering a shop in New Bailey-street, Salford, and attempting to steal a quantity of gold and silver, valued at £166. They were further charged with being in possession of housebreaking implements. Chief Detective Inspector Lyogue stated that the prosecutors were Messrs. Matthews, bullion dealers, of London. They had a lock up shop in New Bailey-st. Some days ago the prisoner Gerrard went to the shop and offered to sell a watch guard. He called several times, and asked a youth who was in charge a number of questions as to the position of the safe, etc. He also suggested that the youth should get him the key of the safe, and promised to reward him. This youth was related to a member of the firm, and he told Mr. Ivan Goodwin, who was the manager, all that the prisoner Gerrard had said. Mr. Goodwin accordingly saw him (Mr. Lyogue), and it was arranged that an imprint of a safe key should be made in wax. This was done, and the youth handed over the wax impression to the prisoner Gerrard. The police accordingly took steps with a view to trapping the men, and Sergeant Dransfield, Detectives Barber, Hockton, Morris, Hayes, and Mather were placed in the shop. They were there some six or seven nights, and had on several occasions heard the door tried. Each officer was in possession of a 6-chambered revolver, at five o'clock that morning all the prisoners were seen outside the shop. Smith and West were lifted over the iron gate by the other two prisoners. They were there some six or seven nights, and had on several occasions heard the door tried. A short distance away. They were also very violent, but were eventually overpowered and lodged at the Town Hall. In Gerrard's possession was found the imprint of the key supplied by Mr Lyogue, and a number of skeleton keys and other implements were found upon them. When charged they made no reply. Sergeant Dransfield stated that about 7:15 and again at 8:15 p.m. Detective Mather spoke to having seen all the prisoners passing and repassing the shop on several occasions. They also tried the door several times. He was standing upon a counter and had a good view of the prisoners. Mr Lyogue, in asking for a week's reward to inquire into the men's characters, stated that the manager had rendered the police considerable assistance. The prisoners, who had nothing to say, were remanded for a week. THE MAGATO CAMPAIGN. MASSACRE OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. CHILDREN. It will be remembered that at the time of the war against the Magato tribe, all gatlings were made as to the slaughter of defenceless kafirs by the native contingent working in conjunction with General Joubert's force. Beyond the publication of an official denial at the time, nothing appears to have been done to contradict the allegation in question. From the Lydenburg district there now come sensational reports of the manner in which the native levies acquitted themselves in clearing the bush in Magato land, says the Johannesburg 'Star.' Ever since their return from the war, we are informed by a gentleman who came into personal contact with them, these native warriors have been the chief participants in great beer drinking gatherings, and have been entertaining their friends with lurid accounts of their exploits and of the women and children they slaughtered. But their stirring stories are not always reserved for those of their own tribe and race. In at least one instance, several of their number, through an interpreter who happened to be 'persona grata' with them, furnished one or two white men with a vivid account of their doings in the war and particularly of their behavior in the chief engagement—if engagement it can be called—in which they took part. Their orders, they declared, were to kill all and sundry whom they encountered in their peregrinations through the bush, and according to the version given by those questioned on the subject, they carried out those orders in the most literal sense, sparing neither old nor young, women nor children. Here is an incident told with much dramatic force by a native policeman. When he was running through the bush making his way up the mountain he came to a cave, where he suspected some of the fugitives had taken refuge, refuge. In response to his shouts, a woman made her appearance at the mouth of the cave, and while he was questioning and arguing with her two of his comrades in arms rushed from behind him and stabbed her to death. A little later, a Magato warrior, unarmed, and two umfans also made their way to the mouth of the cave, and these, the policeman stated, he himself despatched in a similar manner. Of course, the mas sacre of women and children is in keeping with the hereditary instincts of the Swazies and their associates in this expedition. Of course, the mas sacre of women and children is in keeping with the hereditary instincts of the Swazies and their associates in this expedition. Asked how they could have been guilty of such atrocities, one of the war riors philosophically replied: If you come across a herd of deer, you cannot pick out the bucks and leave the dogs. From the extent and nature of the atrocities described by the natives themselves, our informant states that it seems probable that some hundreds of women and children were mercilessly done to death—virtually murdered in cold blood. That the Swazies and others fighting on the Transvaal side had recourse to the barbarous ka-fflr jnode of warfare is the conclusion forced upon many, if not all of the Europeans who have come in contact with the Lyden burg native contingent, or who have heard the circumstantial stories which they have been relating ever since their return to their kraals. are not unduly pulling the long bow is the fact that they candidly confess that very few men were killed on the other side. FOURFOLD TRAGEDY. GHASTLY HOMICIDAL DEED, SUICIDE OF THE PERPETRATOR, A terrible tragedy was enacted on 11th March at Twickenham Ferry, where a man named Goodale, a monumental man, murdered his wife and two children, and afterwards committed suicide. At five minutes past six in the morning Mr Goodale went downstairs and let his men in as usual. It appeared to them that he was in his usual health. He apologized to them for being late, and said that he had overslept himself. He then returned to the house, and at about a quarter past seven his father wished to see him, but was unable to enter his room. Somewhat alarmed, he obtained a ladder, and by this means was able to look in at the window, and saw a shocking sight. Mrs Goodale and the two children—one a little girl of four or five years, and the other a, little baby boy only six weeks old—were lying dead, their throats having been terribly gashed, and near them lay Mr Goodale, who had evidently destroyed himself in the same way. The neighbors were called in and the police communicated with, Sub-divisional-inspector Unsted taking charge of the premises with the assistance of Inspector Giffard. Mr William Goodale, an uncle of the deceased, and the assistant overseer of Mortlake, interviewed, said that his nephew had a severe attack of influenza about 15 months ago, and had never been the same since. Further inquiries show that up till 15 months ago the deceased man was a confirmed vegetarian, but he was ordered by his doctor to eat meat, and that order very much preyed on his mind. The room in which the murders were perpetrated was literally running with blood, and the walls and furniture were spotted all over. A next door neighbor described the deceased man as a 'highly Christian man, very quiet, and very inoffensive. PATHETIC INTERVIEW WITH THE GRANDFATHER. In course of a pathetic interview with his old father—the grandfather of the children—a representative of "Lloyd's" as certain the ghastly detail that the homicidal maniac had employed three knives—a bread knife, a table knife, and a razor. These were all lying on the table beside his dead body when his father entered the room by the window. The fact of the looking glass in front being copiously bespattered with blood indicated that he had directed the slash at his own throat by watching his reflection in the mirror. In one bed lay the poor mother clasping her six-weeks-old infant to her breast, and in a little cot beside the bed lay the pretty four-year-old girl, on whom her father had doted with conspicuous fondness. The father had fallen back across the dressing table. 'They were all four stiff and cold when I touched them at ten minutes past seven,' said the broken-hearted father. 'I am certain,' he continued, 'that Herbert had not the remotest intention of committing the crime when he re-entered the house after setting the men to work. He must have had a stroke of homicidal frenzy. Though it is impossible to say for certain whether he murdered his wife and children before going downstairs the first time, and then returned to do away with himself, I feel assured, in my own mind, that the whole four were despatched between six and seven o'clock.' Overwhelmed with grief, old gentleman recalled that several years ago, before Herbert was married, he and his brother George were bathing in the Thames when they were overcome by the tide. George was drowned, and Herbert was only rescued and resuscitated with great difficulty. 'I have now only two daughters remaining.' EVIDENCE AT THE INQUEST. Dr. Vere Bensin opened the inquest at Twickenham on the bodies of the four victims of the Twickenham murder. The names were given as follows:— Her Bert Goodale, the husband and father; Mary Ophelia Goodale, his wife; Rose Martha Goodale, aged three years; and a child unnamed, aged three weeks. Mr James Goodale identified the deceased as his son, daughter-in-law, and grandchildren. He last saw his son alive on the Friday evening as he was going to the post office. The Coroner: Your son was a stone mason? —Yes, he carried on the business in Richmond Road which formerly belonged to me. I have retired, but live next door to him. He was prospering in business, and had no trouble. Continuing, witness said when he saw him on the Friday evening he appeared to be all right, and gave no indication of anything being wrong. He was always of a cheerful disposition, and there was not a happier family in the world. The Coroner: Did he say anything about the little baby when it was born?—He was wonderfully pleased. He has had influenza. That was about three months ago. The Coroner: Did it alter him in any way?—Oh, yes, he was mad, and had to be held down during his illness. When he got better—about Christmas that was —he went to Brighton for a change, and there was a terrible time with him there. He was quite mad, and was never the same man afterwards. He had an attack of pleurisy after the influenza. He had been greatly depressed and strangely. He had never, to my knowledge, threatened to take his life, or that of anyone else. He had absolutely no trouble in money matters. His books have been gone through, and have balanced up wonderfully fully. He had absolutely no trouble in money matters. His books have been gone through, and have balanced up wonderfully. He had absolutely no trouble in money matters. His books have been gone through, and he had to be held down during his illness. The Coroner: Did you see him again? No; and I heard no noise of any kind to indicate anything being wrong. Dr. M. Ward, divisional surgeon, said he was called about half-past nine to the house! On entering, the bedroom he found the body of Mrs Goodale on the left side of the bed. She was on her back, and had her face turned towards the left side. There was a wound right across her throat. Two cuts had penetrated the bone to the depth of half an inch. There were no signs of struggling. On her right arm lay the body of the dead, in fant. The body of the female child was on a little bed near, with its throat cut and the bone of the neck completely severed. The infant's head was nearly severed from the body. The man was lying face downwards on the floor, dressed in shirt, trousers, and socks. His head was in the fender, his neck resting on the edge. His throat was also cut. Blood was all over the place, but there were no signs of struggling. The injuries were inflicted, with the knives found, although the razor must have become notched. Witness's opinion was that it was used upon the wife first, and having become notched he went downstairs and got the other knives. Probably all had been asleep when their throats were cut. The wounds on the man's throat were such as could have been self-inflicted. When the first-class cruiser Terrible arrived in Plymouth Sound on Wednesday, March 15, Captain Robinson reported to Admiral Sir E. Premantle, naval commander-in-chief, that, while crossing the Bay of Biscay, two explosions occurred on board. The first took place on Sunday, soon after the ship had left Gibraltar, and two men were more or less injured. The second occurred on Monday, and resulted in the death of Edward Sullivan, of Liverpool, a stoker, and in serious injuries to George Underwood, a leading stoker. Minor injuries were sustained by E. Hart, stoker, and J. Watts, leading stoker, and all those who were engaged in the stokehold had narrow escapes. The cruiser was steaming 18 knots an hour at the time of the accident, and the explosion was followed by the escape of volumes of steam and of flames driven out of the furnace. Sullivan was found on the stokehold floor in great agony, having received severe and extensive scalds about the body and legs. In a few minutes he became unconscious and died in an hour. Underwood, who was lying near Sullivan, had been somewhat shielded by his companion. The cruiser is fitted with Belleville water tube boilers, which have given trouble ever since she was commissioned. It was a tube of one of the port boilers which burst. The port boilers, it appears, were giving trouble, and Sullivan opened the furnace to ascertain the cause. At the moment the boiler tube exploded, and the escaping steam blew the fire out on him. The unfortunate man was burnt and scalded almost beyond recognition. As the result of a consultation between Captain Robinson and Admiral Freeman, on Wednesday, it was decided not to land at Devonport any but the ordinary invalids, and permission was given for the Terrible to take the body of Sullivan to Portsmouth for the inquest and burial rather than delay the vessel's departure for that port, for which she had a large number of men. A report of the accident was telegraphed to the Admiralty in the afternoon, and the Terrible left Plymouth for Portsmouth. During the day a large number of telegrams were received from Portsmouth inquiring as to the safety of relatives, and these were replied to by the naval authorities; but all applications by representatives of the Press for the names of the injured men were refused, and even a visit to the Terrible in Plymouth Sound failed to elicit any information beyond the known fact that there was a dead body on board. In addition to the inquiry on Sullivan, at Portsmouth, there will be a Naval Court of Inquiry in to the cause of the explosion. The Terrible had been out to the Mediterranean with reliefs, and brought home those relieved. During her trip no fewer than seven of her boilers are said to have given out, and thus entailed very great hardships on the engine-room staff. Many of the artificers, especially the more skilled men, had to work for 36 hours at a stretch, with only time for taking food. The ordinary complement of the ship is 930, and accommodation for these is not too elaborate. When this number with passengers is made up, as in this case, to 1372, the condition of those on board can be imagined. 'Huddled together like pigs' the men say they have been, and this gross scandal has produced great misery, and been mainly responsible for a disagreement that almost turned into mutiny. It is stated that on a recent trip through the Bay of Biscay the Terrible rolled to such an extent during a gale that almost all hopes of ever again seeing the land were given up. Frequently she lay at most on her beam ends, and some of the crew state "that had she listed another four degrees in one instance nothing could have saved her. The ship has a tremendous amount of top hamper, and her coal bunkers are very high. The Nlobe promises to be a similar cost by failure. Ever since she has been taken over from the contractors she has failed in every trial. On Monday she left for a 60 hours' trial trip to the Channel, and a couple of hours later, off Start light house, signaled 'Not under control.' The destroyer Thrasher was sent out to her assistance. EXILE OF THE QUEEN OF MADAGASCAR. HER ARRIVAL IN ALGIERS, An American despatch from Algiers, dated March 18th, says:—The deposed Queen of Madagascar, Ranavalo III., has arrived here with ten million francs worth of jewels and a large following of sisters, cousins, and aunts. The dusky monarch was dragged away from her Madagascar home in such haste by the French that she had no time to procure suitable clothing, and on her voyage she was forced to go ashore at Port Said and buy European shoes and a dress warm enough to brave a comparatively cold climate. The people here assembled at the wharf expecting to see an uncouth creature step ashore, but Ranavalo's appearance, as tonished them. She is a slim, elegant-looking woman of 30, about the middle height, with a sweet and interesting face. She was becomingly dressed in the French style and wore a handsome picture hat with black plumes and pink roses under the brim. She bore herself with great ease and grace and inclined her head graciously in response to salutations. On the voyage from La Reunion to Marseilles the Queen was reserved and proud, but her politeness to everyone with whom she was brought in contact made her a general favorite. She took her meals at the common table, sitting at the captain's right hand, and it was noticed that she ate sparingly and scarcely touched wine. At Marseilles she was received by the leading city officials, and there were tears in her eyes when they told her she must proceed the next day to Algiers, without seeing Paris, of which she had heard so much. Among the Queen's companions in exile are her sister Rasendranoro, her Aunt Razzazindrazano and her two-year-old niece Razafinandriamanitra. The deposed Queen is suffering already from home sickness, she is not strong, and her days in exile are probably numbered. MEAN. Miss Dearborn: 'Is it a fact that your father is worth a lot of money?' Miss Wabash: 'What put that idea in your head?' 'Why, I understand some man wants to marry you.' USUALLY. The Optimist: Now, as to woman, generally speaking The Disagreeable Man: Yes, she's generally speaking. A CESSPOOL OF NEW YORK GRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF A BOWERY HAUNT. Few people have any conception of the truly awful character of the lowest haunts of a great city. The 'New York Herald' last month-published a realistic account of life in one of the most notorious dens of the Bowery, the low part of the city. McGurk's, runs the account, is the resort of the better dead. 'Suicide Hall' the Bowery calls it now, for the reason that occasionally a young girl comes out from the ill-lit and gloomy dance hall reeling under the effects of self-administered poison. Often she takes her carbolic acid or Paris green on the sidewalk in front of the place. In any event, those who seek to end mortal ills at McGurk's are lugged to the corner of the Bowery and First-street, supported by attendants, there to await the coming of the ambulance. Hence 'Suicide Corner.' Under the shadow of the elevated road three young girls, world weary and not yet out of their teens, were taken last week to await the coming of the ambulance with a surgeon in charge. In one case a dead waggon would have answered as well. The other two victims, are lying in Bellevue Hospital, hovering between life and death. There is a mournfulness about the Bowery Cabaret at Neant which no one can gainsay. From the man upstairs who owns the place and two more, a stolid person now suffering from cancer of the jaw, to the poorest paid of his rough faced and shabbily clad waiters, there is something terribly businesslike. AN INSIDE VIEW. McGurk's is a little more inviting than an undertaker's shop, not so comfortable as a Bowery lodging house and less pleasant than the saloon known as the dead house, where a drink is a hearse. It is in the upper Bowery, at No. 295. Sailors go in and out of its doors, soldiers on leave of absence or furlough spend their slender pay in buying poor beer and worse whisky. For the women all the drinks are bitters neat. Youth, fresh faced and bright-eyed at first, then rouged and jaded, fills the place at night. Tender years make an open sesame for 'Suicide Hall.' The old, the forlorn have no place there. The women who have known the Bowery long and are dying from the drink are not welcome at Me T Gurk's. When youth fades there is the carbolic acid, bottle and the morgue. 'Nobody was ever robbed there,' says Chief Devery. McGurk says, 'We always get their money.' Sailors go there with their pay. They never leave with much of it. They are lucky to have car fare. Soldiers straggle out of the place in the early morning hours. Young girls, who two or three years ago were in school and went to church on Sundays, come from McGurk's at the gray dawn, staggering over the pavement in an attempt at the skirt dance, trying to sing with voices hardened and cracked by rum. 'Sailor Blanche' and Marie and the rest have taken the place of 'Sailor Bess,' the girl who took carbolic acid and went away. The other night when I visited the place I saw fifteen or twenty girls, none of whom could have been twenty years of age. The young faces contrasted strangely with the sodden surroundings. 'Sailor Bess has gone,' one of them was saying. 'Well, why shouldn't she? She won't be hungry any more, the cops won't chase her and she won't miss it much if the drinks come slow.' WHERE THE RECRUITS COME FROM Death does not mean much to those, so young and yet so terribly old, who go to McGurk's to die —sooner or later. There is eternal youth at 'Suicide Hall.' The ranks are soon filled. McGurk's brings to its doors the daughters of the tenements, the factory girls, weary of working for slender wages; the young longing to know more of life beyond the squalor of rooms unswept and furnished with tables and chairs, broken by drunken fathers. Some of the young women went there first with men who said they could show them a newer and a more attractive life. Emma Hartig, in a letter to her father, found pinned to her dress, said she had been at McGurk's three times and was no longer worthy to live. hour. Over the door of 'Suicide Hall' is always a blaze of light at sunset. The name stands out in electric globes. The glow ing sign is the only thing which suggests cheer and comfort about the establishment. Under the letters of fire three young women passed in one week who attempted to take their lives. One of them, Bess Levery, better known as 'Sai lor Bess,' took carbolic acid and died. The others, Florence Levine and Emma Hartig, tried to leave earth in the same way. They were hurried to 'Suicide Corner,' at the Bowery and First-street, whence they were hastily taken in an ambulance to Bellevue Hospital. At this writing they are still alive. Within the last year ten young girls have attempted to commit suicide near the establishment of the man whom the police will not raid. 'He cannot help it' say those who are entrusted with keeping law and order. 'He is not to blame if women persist in poisoning themselves in the neighborhood of his saloon.' Youth goes to 'Suicide Hall' originally because there is generally a dance there. From the outside, McGurk's looks like an ordinary Bowery saloon. The space occupied by the bar is very small. At the side of the place runs a long alley way, which opens up into what men now call 'Suicide Hall.' Around the walls are pictures painted by the same hands which have depicted the monstrosities over the doors of the neighbouring museums. At the side of the hall are pictures painted by the same hands which have depicted the monstrosities over the doors of the neighbouring museums. At the left, Admiral Dewey is represented as ascending a flight of steps, at the head of which stands John McGurk - with outstretched hands. It is a picture which strikes the fancy of all men-o'-war's-men. On the opposite wall, the Merrimac is being blown to pieces under the lee of the Santiago hills, Manila is bombarded and the entire navy of the United States, painted a dull white, and sending forth clouds of grayish smoke, is making remarkable evolutions. |
publicationenau10bismgoog_21 | German-PD | Public Domain | Nos Joannes dei gracia Bohemie et Felonie rex ac Lucemburgensis 1327 5 csomea notum facimus tenorcf presencium universis , quod quia illustris ^'^^- ^^• Lesko dux Ratiboriensis ob specialis amoris affectum, quem ad nostram gerit celsitudinem , princeps et vasallus noster esse decreverit, terram snam Ratibor cum suis civitatibus et castris, videlicet Ratbor civitas cum Castro, Gosla, Sor et Plesna i) civitatibus etKlewicz^) civitas sibi 10 obligata, Ribinek^) Castro cum oppido, cum eciam villis hominibus va- flalÜB ac militibus ad ipsas et ipsam spectantibus et aliis suis pertinen- ciis universis, in quibuscunque consistant, quas et que nunc possidet, suo heredum et successorum suorum ducum Ratiboriensium nomine in no- stris spontanea et libera voluntate resignans manibus a nobis recepit in 15 feudum et facto nobis per eum debite fidelitatis homagio nobis, here- dibus et successoribus nostris regibus Bohemie tanquam princeps et va- sallus noster ac regni nostri Bohemie promisit fideliter intendere et pa- rere : nos ipsius supplicacioni benevole in hac parte grata vicissitudine oceurrere disponentes ipsum in nostram heredum et successorum nostro- 20 rum regum Bohemie predictorum proteccionem tanquam principem et vasallum nostrum recipimus et tutelam promittentes eum, heredes et successores suos predictos in omnibus sibi competentibus iuribus dispo- nente domino magnifice conservare et tanquam quemUbet principem et vasallum nostrum ubilibet defendere ac tuen , faventes et concedentes 25 sibi in perpetuum, ut filii sui legitimi ac filie , si quos aut si quas habet vel habuerit. in predicta terra sua Ratibor sibi invicem semper succedere debeant iure et titulo feodali. Quibus si caruerit, extunc ipsam terram suam post ipsius Lesconis decessum iure congruo possidendam possit in vita sua alicui principum ad nos heredes et successores nostros reges 30 Bohemie antedictos debitum per feodales semper habenti respectum et valeat resignare. Resignacio vero hec nobis debebit per eum, cui terra ipsa resignata fuerit, intimari , quam ratam et gratam nos promittimus i) $ti>\t\, eo^iau unb $(c6. 2) ©Iciwl^. 3) fft^^Ml 3g0 gürflent^um 9lattbor. habituroB. Quo si forte non facto morte preoccupatns fuerit, extnnc ad propinquiorem snornm condangaineomm , quicnnque fnerit , ipsa terra Ratibor sit absqae difificaltate qaalibet devolata, iure nobis recipiendi terram ipsam a nobis heredibus et snccesBoribaB noBtris regibas Bohe- mie preliteratiB et habendi in feodum, ut premittitur, reservato. In düns $ rei testimonium presentes literaB fieri et Bigillo nostro maiori ioBBimna commnniri. Datum Oppavie anno dorn. 1327 xi"*'' kalendas Marcii. 2)er ^bbrurf im Cod. dipl. Siles. VI, p. 179 »urbe mit einer ouf bem ©taott* axäf'x'ot )9orl(^anbetten ^bfd^ift M XVII. 3a^r^. ))etgltd^en unb bamo^ corrigtit. tl 2. Tottis 3o^nn beßattgt bem ^tjo^e dtitolani tion Zxoppau hn it^nSbt^ii iti $et)ogt^m8 fRatibox o^ne fftü^Uft auf bie tioit ben ufot* %m o^erfd^Iefifd^en ^etjogcn gemad^ten Sintuenbungen. 1337 Sanuor 14. 1337 In nomine Banete et individue trinitatiB amen. Cum ab archivis h 3an. 14. humane memorie causiB et caBibus diversiB et multiplicibuB plenunque ti excidant, que in tractatibus ac questionibuB aguntur, congruum censemiK racioni consentaneum legibuBque prospectum mundanis ea prout gemn- tur Bingula Bcripture fulcimentis Bingulariter perhennari , nos Johanne« dei gracia Boemie rex LucemburgeuBis comes oupientes non ignorare inpreBenciarum superstiteB inanteaque fnturiB^) notide patefieri (ai') i presentibuB declaramus^), quod couBtituti in presencia noBtra iUustres principes noBtri domini WladislauB BithumienBis, KazimiruB Tesginenfflft, BoleBlauB ValgenbergensiB , Bolko OpulienBiB , AlbertuB Streliczensis et JohanneB OBweczineuBis ducoB et vasalli noBtri dilecti quoBtionem move- baut illuBtri Nicoiao Oppavie et Rathiborie duci principi nostro et w n Ballo fideli Buper ipBo ducatu RathiborienBi, de quo ipBum poBt deceBBum feliciB recordacioniB LeczkoniB illuBtriB duciB Kathiboriensis infeodavi- lUB, aBBerentOB iidem ducoB dictum ducatum Rath. ad se iure heredi- tario^) BucceBBioniB legittime pertinere, petenteB cum inBtancia ipsom ducem Nicolaum de ducatu Rath. et alÜB terriB , quaB idem dux Leczko u poBBiderat et tenuerat, per noB sentencialiter amoveri ipsisque dictas terraB conferri in feudum, Be eciam invcBtiri BoUempniter de eisdem. Super quibuB peticionibuB idem dux NicolauB , qui ibidem presens erat ^. lej 1) !S)te Utfuttbe ifl im Begistrum Wenceslai in ^tDci flbfcl^riften »orl^nben, bcca ^totiit an biefer (Stelle archanis Ij^at. 3$ 2) 0^8 toäte too^I beffer futurorum )U lefen. 3) 3n ber gtoeiten Kbfc^rift profiteri etc. 4; !S)ie Notlage ^at declarari — bann fehlte aber abfolut ein verbum finitum. 5) 2)ie Notlage ^at hereditarie. 1337 3aniiar 14. 381 respondit, qnod) ducatam Rath. et alias terras per mortem ducis Lecz- konis predicti vacantes ad ipsum suosque heredes le^ttime fore devolu- tarn et devolntas. et qnod ipsum ducatam et alias terras sicut predicitur vacantes a nobis tanqnam a yero domino talium feodomm iuste et legit- 5 time in feodom reeepisset , petens ipse dux Nieolans terminum iuris ad deliberandum et respondendum super premissis et eomm qnolibet sibi per nos prefigi et assignari. Qua peticione in questionem deducta, utrum admittenda esset, nos matura deliberacione prehabita et commnnicato yenerabilium episcoporum prineipum et baronum nostrorum consilio ^ dicto duci Nicoiao terminum iuris iuxta sue peticionis formam per no- 8tram interlocutoriam iudicavimus concedendum. Yidentes autem. quod talis iuris terminus in longi temporis spacium iuxta legum tramites possit protrahi et differri, dictas partes induximus , ut terminum ad proceden- dam in dicto negocio crastinam diem extunc inmediate sequentem nitro u acceptarent. Quo termino veniente et partibus predictis nobis pro tribu- Bali sedentibus personaliter coram nobis conparentibus questio suborta erat inter ipsas partes, quo iure utpote Polonieali aut feodali dicta que- stio tractari agitari deberet et finiri, asserentibus predictis ducibus, quod I com ipsi Poloni essent et iuxta continenciam litterarum nostrarum ipsis ^ ducibus ius Polonieale in suis dumtaxat terris habendum et exercendum dedissemus , eos in dictis questionibus in iure Polonieali et non feodali conservare et seeundum Polonicale ius eas audire decidere et difi%iire deberemus, duce vero Nicoiao e contrario asserente et allegante , quod cam dicti duces essent vasalli et feodatarii nostri idemque dux Nicolaus Il5 esset vasallus et feodatarius noster, ipsi quoque duces super ducatu Ka- tkiboriensi et super ceteris terris ut predicitur, qui inquam ducatus que- \ qne terre essent feoda nostra tanquam veri domini feodi et patroni^), eigo inter partes predictas super rebus feodalibus non Polonieali sed feodali iure esse procedendum, [et] quia ducatus Rath. et cetere terre in 30 questionem ut predicitur deducte non infra limites terrarum dictoru^i dacum sed sub nostre maiestatis dicione tanquam speciale dominiun^t } honorabUe feodum illustri persone dumtaxat debitum distincta permane- rent , ipse quoque dux Nicolaus esset cum omnibus terris suis de foro nosfcro feodali, et cum ipsi duces sint actores contra eum eins forum ut- ^ pote feodale et non ipse dux Nicolaus ducum predictorum utpote Poloni- eale sequi deberent et tenerentur. \ \ 382 gfitflent^um 9tatt6or. et baronibuB ceteriBque nobilibas locum, in quo pro tribnnali sedebamiifl, mutantes nos locum reeepimus in sequestrum et a singulis pro utraqne parcium ])redictarum inductis quesivimuB^ quid euilibet eorum videretiir. utrum in dieta questione iuxta ea qua predicta sunt pocius Polonieali quam feodali iure foret procedendum. Et licet multitudo magna venen- s bilium illjistrium ingenuomm et nobilium pemonarum peticiones et alle- gaeiones dueis Nicolai predictas tanquam iustas et racionabiles fore ad- mittendasiudicassent, tarnen dicti duces pro sua intencione, videlicet qiiod iure Polonieali in causa predicta foret procedendum^ plnres consimiliuni personarum voces habere inveniebantur. Gumque ad hanc sentenciam 1 pro dictis ducibus iure Polonieali procedere disponeremus idem dux Ni- colaus senciens iuri suo feodali circa ducatum Rath. et ceteras terras predictas verisimiliter derogari nee consentire volens , quod natura sm feodalis iuris, quo suas terras predictas a nobis hactenus tenuit et tenet in ius Polonicum utpote in forum a suo iure alienum et omnino diversum t transferretur, omnibus pretermissis a nobis recedebat. Cumque seriosum animum ulciscendi et vindicandi contra ducem Nicolaum predictam pro- - pter talem recessum a nobis ut predicitur assumpsissemus, videntes amiei ipsius ducis Nicolai motum animi nostri contra ipsum, se apud nos inter- ponebant pro eodem. Ad quorum instanciam dictas questiones et cansas | nobis assumpsimus taliterque ordinandum diffiniendum duximus et te- nendum, quod dictus dux Nicolaus terram Rathibor et civitatem cum c^ ^ stro Kathiboriensi, Zar, Plessinam et Loslaw civitates et castnun Ribiiik cum opido ibidem et cum omnibus inhabitatoribus terrarum predictamm. cuiuscunque Status aut condicionis existant, prout dictus dux Leczko t&- 1 nuit, una eciam cum ducatu Oppavie ac cum omnibus et singulis digni- tatibus honoribus et iuribus iurisdiccionibus dominus utilibus direetU ^ thesaurorum absconditorum et publicorum mineralium aut in massaa na- tura aut arte redactorum una cum monetis theoloneis et generaliter et Vsingulariter cum omnibus et singulis ducalibus insigniis pro se et pro I v)j(pnibus et singulis suis veris et legittimis heredibus utriusque sexns masculini et feminini , prout eciam in aliis litteris nostris dicto illuitri ^ Nicoiao duci Oppavie principi et fideli nostro dilecto per nos super eis- dem ducatibus et dominus datis plenius novimus contineri. Idem autem dux Nicolaus civitates et municiones videlicet Cozlam et Glivicz inin 1 hinc et crastinam diem post purificacionem beate Marie virginis proxime nobis et in persona nostra fideli nostro Wolframo de Panoviez aut vene- i rabili domino Johanni episcopo Olomucensi vel illustri Boleslao duet Legnicensi super nostram graciam regiam debebit et tenebitnr asBignai« , per ipsos vel eorum alterum supradictis ducibus nostro nomine assignan- 4 das.. In cuius rei testimonium presentes litteras fieri et nostri sigilli nm- 1337 3anuar 14. 383 nhnine iiiBsimiis commuDiri. Acta sunt hec presentibus illnstri domino Ueinrico duce Bavarie , Johanne ep. Olomucensi , Boleslao duce Slezie et domino Legnicensi, Bertholdo de Lipa preposito Wysßegradenfli, can- eellario regni nostri Boemie^ Wilhelmo de Landstein capitaneo Boemie, & Hinkone Berka de Duba burgravio Pragensi , Hinkone de Dnba dieto deNachod, Ottone de Bergow, Thimone de Cholticz, Jescone deMichels- perg, Heinrico de Luehtenburg et Stephane terre Boemie notario ac aliis plüribus fide dignis ad hoc vocatis specialiter et rogatis. Wratislavie a. d. millesimo trecentesimo tricesimo septinio feria ^ tercia proxima post octavam Epiphanie. t(u9 bem Registrum Wenceslai, einem (Social biid^e be« XVI. 3a^r^uitbett9 in ber UmmfitatöbiSliot^er su ^rag, 9h. 25 f. 40 unb 9ir. 53 f. 89»». \ 3. Aontg 39^<tnn )>erf;pri^t bem ^erjoge 9ttf olaui tfon ZxoJtpm , ii^n im Seft^e beS ^rjoflt^tim« Slattior gegen bie 9(nfe<^ttttigen bet öfter« i f(^leftfd^eii ^erjoge ju f^iittett utib benfelftett nur na^ bem fief^nred^te beut« f(^er ^urflen^ ni^t after na^ yolnifc^em 9ted^te belangen ju laffen« 1337 Sanuor 14, I Johannes dei gracia Boemie rex Lncemburgensis comes omnibus in 1337 perpetuuni. Inter cunctas soUicitudines, qnibus ex diversorum negocio- San. 14. 0 rnm regni nostri et nostre dicioni subiectorum varietatibus diversimode pregravamnr, illnd de potissimis esse censemns et arbitramnr, ut qui- libet regni nostri incolaram et maxime hü, in quibus honor et Status rei- ' publice nostre residet et salvatur, in suo statu dignitatibus iuribus et honoribns per nostre regio tuicionis et defensionis presidia congrue con- ti serventnr. Hinc est quod nos pensantes gravia disturbia nuper inter il- lustres principes Kicolaum Oppavie et Rathiborie ex una et inter dominos Wladislaum Bithumiensem; KazimirumThessinensem , Boleslaum Valchen- bergensem. Polkonem Opuliensem, Albertum Strelicensem et Johannem Ossveczinensem duces et vasallos nostros parte ex altera super terris K.«- 0 thiborie et aliis possessionibus et dominus, que illustris Leczko olim uux Bathiborie princeps et vasallus noster tenuit et possedit, et super qui- busdam dominus possessionibus et iuribus suborta ac super eo, quod dicti duces ipsum illustrem ducem Nicolaum super possessionibus et re- bus, que a nobis in pheudo tenet et tenuit predictis, cum et ipsi duces ^ nostri fuerint et sint vasalli hereditarii, coram nobis non iure pheudali sed pocius Polonieali convenire et secum iudiciali examine experiri con- tendebant, talibus et consimilibus discriminibus mederi cupientes ipsi il- lustri ^icolao duci Oppavie et Rathiborie, heredibus et successoribus suis utriusque sexus promittimus pro nobis et heredibus ac successoribus no- 384 gürflcnt^fum 9latibot. stris regibus Boemie, [quod eos] et eorum quemlibet a qnacnnqae inpe- ticione et aceione dneum predictorum heredumque Buorum, qnas sibi aut alicui heredum snorum utriusque sexus super terra et ducatu liathibo- riensi et singulis dominus, que felicis recordacionis Leezko dnx predictns possedit et tenuit, ipsi coniunctim vel divisim aut heredes eorum nnqnam moverent, disbrigare volumus et tenemur indempnesque reddere penitoit et quietos. Si qui vero alii, cuiuseunque Status aut condicioniB existant illustrem ducem Kicolaum principem nostrum aut heredes eius utriusque sexus super pheudis, que a nobis obtinent et ab heredibus nostris regibus Boemie obtinebunt, inpecierint aut ipsis aut alteri ipsorum moverint questionem in iudicio vel extra iudicium, in parte vel in toto, ipsis gra- ciose et efficaciter aderimus et tota nostra potencia cum omni iure pheu- dali, prout patroni ac domini pheudorum suos vasallos de iure teuentor defendere, iugiter defendemus. Ceterum ipsum ducem Nicolaum heredes et successores eius utriusque sexus nuUo alio iure censeri volumiiB aut in aliquo foro super dictis feudis conveniri nisi foro more et iure princH pum Alemanie vasallorumaliorum etnonPolonie, omnibusqueac singulis j ducalibus dignitatibus et honoribus, quibüs alii principes Alemanie taH salli hactenus usi sunt et utentur, ipsum ducem Nicolaum heredes et| successores eius utriusque sexus insigniri potiri volumus et gaudere : re-] nunciantes expresse in hiis scriptis pro nobis et heredibus nostris regibosi Boemie omni indignacioni , si quam idem dux Nicolaus ad hec usquel tempora quocunque casu incurrisset, omnibusque ac singulis accionibn et questionibus, litibus et controversiis, quas nos possemus aut heredesl nostri forsan possent ipsi duci Nicoiao et heredibus eius utriusque sexul super predictis dominus titulis iuribus possessionibus et utUitatibns in- gerere aliquatenus vel movere ; revocantes eciam de certa nostra seien-, cia omnes et singulas donaciones inpheudaciones concessiones obliga-j ciones et quascunque ordinaciones seu disposiciones, si quas feeimos per i nos vel interpositas personas, per quoscunque modos vel formas litter»- '\xm, in quantum cuilibet litterarum dicto duci Nicoiao per nos sab m- stns sigillis aut sigillo datarum contrarie fuerint, sub quacunqne formEj verborum, eciam si de ipsis vel de ipsarum aliqua in aliis aut in hiis b4H »tris\litteris oporteret de verbo ad verbum fieri mencionem. i 1337 9awiat 14. — 1339 5ufi 0. 385 appensione iuBsimns communiri. Acta sunt hec Wratislavie presentibus illnstri domino Henrico duce Bavarie, domino Johanne episcopo Olomu- censi, Boleslao duce Lignicensi, Bertholdo de Lipa preposito Wissegra- densi eaneellario regni nostri Boemie, Wilhelmo de Landtstein, Hincone & Berka de Dnba purchravio Pragensi, Hinkone de Duba dicto de Nachod, Ottone de Bergow^ Thimone de Eoldicz, Jescone de Michelsperg, Hein- richo de Luchtenburch et Stephane notario terre Boemie, testibus vocatis ad hoc specialiter et rogatis et aliis plnribus fidedignis. Datum ibidem feria tercia proxima post octavam Epiphanie domini anno domini millesimo trecentesimo xxxvii. an« bcm Registram Wenceslai 9h:. 23 f. 36 utib 9h. 34 f. 67b. 1 Setlei^img bc8 $er)0ftt(^um9 Mattbor an $et}O0 DtttoIattS II. tion Irowau-») 1339 3uK 9. Johannes dei gracia Boemie rex etc. ad universoram igitur 1339 notieiam volumus tenore presentis privilegii pervenire, quod nos grata et 3uit 9. accepta, queillustris Nicolaus duxOppavie, princeps noster dilectus, cul- mini noatro cum inconvulse fidei constancia hucusque exhibuit servicia et exhibere poterit in futurum, advertentes — ipsi Nicoiao duci predicto ac suis heredibus utriusque sexus, tam filiis quam filiabus legittimis de cor- kpore ipgius procreatis et procreandis terram et ducatum Rathiboriensem I eam eivitatibus et castris subnotatis, seil. Rathibor civitatem cum Castro, I Zaar, Plezinam et Loslaw civitates, Rybnik^) castrum cum opido etc. — in 1 pheodum damus — per eundem Nicolaum ducem Oppavie et heredes suos i seu filios seu filias suas predictas, quibus eciam dictus Hleako dux Rati- } boriensis dictam terram et ducatum, postquam ipsum non esse contigerit, ' de noBtris favore et beneplacito olim contulerat, tenenda — specialiter antem ex nostre maiestatis munificencia dncem Nicolaum, heredes et nceessores suos, hoc concedimus et volumus libertate potiri, quod iidem unieuique ullam ipsis quocunque tempore questionem moventi non iure I Polonieali yel alio quocumque preterquam iure Theutonicali princip^dm Tasallorum Theutonicomm debeant respondere, quo siquidem iure ipsum, heredes et successores suos insigniri perfrui volumus iugiter et gaudere. — In quorum omnium testimonium presentes litteras fieri et sigilli nostri feeimns munimine roborari. Et nos Carolus domini regis Boemie primo- ^ genitus marehio Moravie supradictis omnibus et singulis tractatibus in- terftnmus, premissaque omnia et singula ex parte domini genitoris nostri y 1) iia mit ßAtgunden abgebruift, toergt. bie ietbot bor^crge^enbcn Utlunbnt. 2) »atiSor, @o^tau, ^(cg, 2o«Iau unb ^t>xdl 386 gürflent^um 9tati6ot. predicti tractavimns , promittentes presentibns pro nobifl et fratriboB, heredibuB ac successoribus nostris ea omnia rata et grata perpetnis teuere temporibus atque observare firmiter snb nostre fidei pnritate , nostmm eciam sigillum nna. cnm sigillo domini gemtoris nostri presentibns ap- pendendo in testimonium premissorum. i Actnm et datum Olomucz feria sexta ante festnm b. Margarethe Vir- ginia proxima anno domini millesimo trecentesimo tricesimo nono. 9u9 bem Registrum Wenceslai 9{t. 26 f. 43 l^ier mit ehtigm ftütjungen. 9tM^ Ptibtger %hhxud im Cod. dipl. Siles. VI, p. 184. I 5. 1359 3ttnt 16. i 1359 Saifcr Äarl (IV.) beftätigt bcn SScrfouf tJonSol^tau bnxi) ^erjog^mto 3um 16. ijp^i Xefd^en an $erjog SBoHo öon ©c^weibnil^Saucr. ^rag am Sonntage IrinitatiS. ^(nfül^TUtig be9 9$er)ci(^ni{Te« bei 1654 Januar 9 au« ber Xt^äfxttt Sttmiid weif bem fSnigUc^en $ofe aBgef^tcften ^rtften {SdxtSiautx ^taat^x^in f^ürflent^. Xcf^en 1,. t ergäu)t au9 XiUfc^ M ^ommerdberg Ss. rer. Siles. I, 729 naä} btr fe^r xoa^T^äfdniidfn Sermut^ung Siermann*« &t\dfiäf\t ))on Sefd^ @. 140, firm. 4. i 6. Sef^nbrtef übet iai ^etjogt^um iRatibor für ^etjog Sof^ann. 1366 3anuar30. 1366 Wir Earel von gottes genaden Römischer kaiser zn allen zeitten a \ 3an. 30. merer des reichs nnd knnig zn Behaim bekennen nnd thnn knnt öffent- lich mit dissem brief allen den , die in sehen oder hören lesen , das fiir nns komen ist der hochgebom Johannes herczog zn Troppaw und zu Rathibor nnser lieber fnrst nnd getrewer nnd hat uns demntiglichen ge- betten ; das wir im nnd seinen erben das herzogthnmb zn Bathibor mit t allen seinen herschafften bürgen steten landen lenten nnd gntten nnd allen andern rechten und zugehorungen , die von uns und der cronen zu Behaim zu lehen geen , von unsem snnderlichen gnaden verleihen ge- ruöhten, des haben wir angesehen sein redliche bete und auch die steten getrewen dienst, die uns nnd der cronen zu Behaim der egenante her- 3i czog Hans offfc nuczlichen gethan hat und furbas thun will nnd mag in kunfftigen zeitten , und haben im und seinen erben mit wolbedachtem mutte und mit rate unser fursten und getrewen ^) mit kunigklicher macht zu Behaim nnd mit rechter wissen das eegenante herczogthumb zu Rar tibor mit den nachgeschriben bürgen stetten und merkten : Rat»^»'*-" *" -^ ä 1) 2)fT Cod. dipl. Morav. IX, 311 (at ftatt bed $afTu9 ^oq und Md »v Dante etc.« nur btc SBotte und mit rechter wisse. 1359 Sutit 16. — 1366 3«iuat 30. 3g7 hw, Zar, Plessen, Ribnik. Nicklaw, Kozel und Glibicz ^) and allen an- dern herschafiten gerichten landen lenten gutten nuczen gelten und zagehoningen, wie man die mit sonderliehen werten benennen mag, in allen Iren grenczen , die zu demselben herzogthumb gehören ^j^ als sy t etwa herezog Lesko zu Rathibor des egenanten herczog Hans oheim be- sessen und gehabt hat und von im and seiner Schwester Annen herezog Hannsen matter an denselben herezog Hansen geerbet and gefallen sein, Yon onBem sanderliehen gnaden genedigliehen verliehen und leihen anch Yon ansem banden, als wir das zn rechte than sollen and mochten; and I dieselben herczogthumb herschafft bürge and stete land leate and gut I hat er auch von uns als von einem kunig zu Behaim seinen rechten herm wirdiglichen entpfangen. Mit urkhunt dits briefs versigelt mit unserm kaiserlichen maiestat insigel. Geben zu Prag noch Cristi geburt dreizehenhundert darnach in dem fiseehs nnd sechczigisten iar am negsten freitag vor unser frawentag Ueehtmesse unser reiche im zweinzigsten und des kayssertums in dem ' eyUFten iare. fljx9 bem Registram Wenceslai 9h:. 264 f. 315. (Stnige fletne ^ttht^ttnxiQtn beS ■ Xqtce entnommen bem fCbtxndt im Cod. dipl. Moray. IX, 311, ber aflerbings arxdf nur m ji§iSf einer (infamen 96f(!^nft be6 m&^rif^en ?anbedat(i^it)e9'' gemad^t iß. i 7. Stin\% aßenjel (t^&tiflt ben »orße^enbtn Se^iitef. 1366 Januar 30. Wir Wenczlaw von gottes genaden kunig zu Behaim, marggraff zu 1366 Brandenburg und zu Lusitz hertzog zu Lutzeinburg und zu Slesien und San. 3o. graff zu Sulczbach bekennen und thun kunt öffentlich mit diesem brieffe ^ allen den, die in sehen oder hören lesen, das für uns kumen ist der hoch- geboren Johanns herezog zu Troppaw und zu Rathibor unser lieber fürst imd getrewer mit yanen und mit fürstlicher zierheit und hat uns fleussig- lichen gepetten etc. (S)a« ©eitere toörtUd^ üBereinflimraenb mit ber toorflel^enb aBge- bnidten Urfnnbe neb|l bem (ei biefet mitget^eilten Sufa^e.) Mit urkund dicz briefs 30 Yeraigelt mit unserm kuniglichem anhangenden insigl. Geben zu Prag nach Christi geburt dreuczehenhundert iare darnach im sechs und sechczigistem iare am fraytag yor unser frawen tage Liecht- messe unsers kunigreichs in dem dritten iare. %u» bem Registrum Wenceslai iRr. 1 f. 1. 3m Übrigen lote bei ber tdotfic^enben U Uitnnbe. 1) 9Uttbor, ^Man, ©p^an, $lei, dt^^it "SftxUM, ftofel nnb ®(a»i«. 2} ikt ^at bie Urfnnbe ftSnig Senjef« no^ folgenben Bufo^: mit den yannen üd forstlicher zierheit, als Bollicher fnrstenthumb und lehen recht und gewon- üeit iat, ans nnsem henden yon unsem sunderlichen gnaden und mit kuniglicher ' macht. 25* 388 Süt^ent^um Statibot. 8* ^erjog SBIab^flalo t>on Dpptln Uxfttt, ttadffbem t^m $eriog ^of^omi t)ott 2:ro)))^au unb fRatxhox bie ®täbte unb ®ebtete \>0n $lef| utib 9ltf oUi abgetreten^ für biefelben an Aaifer ^axl nnb beffen 9?adE|fo(ger ben Se^n^etb. 1375 «ptil 14. 1375 No8 Ladislaos dei gracia Opoliensis Welunensis et Rnssie dux no- 5 ^prii 14. tarn facimns tenore preBencium universiB; qnod cum illustris prinoeps do- minus Johannes dnx Opavie et Rathiboriensis, sororius noster cariwrimnft, alias nobis castnun civitatem seu opidam et districtom PleBsnensem nee- non civitatem seu opidam et districtom Miknlayowieensem com possessio- nibus yillis et bonis eorum necnon quibnsdam villis et bonis alüs rite et u racionabiliter yendiderit sab reempcionis tytulo pro certa peennie qnan- titate, prent in literis dicti domini dncis Johannis desnper confectiB ple- nins continetur, nobis qnoque heredibns et snccessoribns nostris Berenis- simns princeps ac noster dominus graciosus dominus Karolus qnartiis diyina favente clemencia Romanorum Imperator semper auguBtus et Boe- 11 mie rex tamquam rex Boemie auctoritate regia Boemie castrum civitates ' seu opida districtus yillas et bona huiusmodi concesserit tenenda et pos- sidenda in pheodum ab ipso heredibns et successoribus suis Boemie regir bus regno Boemie et corona omni modo et forma, quibus dictus dominus ' dux Johannes ea tenuit hactenus et possedit, nos pro nobis, heredibns et 31 successoribus nostris predictis non improvide neque per errorem sed animo deliberato et de certa nostra sciencia promittimus presentibns bona fide sine omni dolo, quod nos, predicti heredes et successores nostri de dictis ciyitatibus seu opidis districtibus yillis et bonis domino nostro imperatori prefato tamquam regi Boemie, heredibns et successoribus suis 2i Boemie regibus obedire intendere volumus et debemus fideliter in Omni- bus et parere, prout dictus dux Johannes et progenitores sui hactenus fecisse dinoscuntur. In casum eciam quo castrum ciyitates seu opida di- strictus yillas et bona predicta nos seu heredes et successores nostros contingeret alteri yendere in futurum, pro simili quantitate peennie, 3# prout in dicti ducis Johannis literis est expressum , extunc nos , heredes et successores nostri dicto domino nostro imperatori heredibus et succes- soribus suis Boemie regibus ydonee cayere tenebimur, quod hii, qui per talem modnm castrum ciyitates seu opida et bona ement huiusmodi, tam- quam fideles et yasalli regni Boemie et corone obedire debeant similiter ^ dicto domino nostro imperatori heredibus et successoribus suis Boemie regibus fideliter in omnibus et parere, quemadmodum memoratus domi- nus Johannes dux et progenitores sui de ipsis fecisse hactenus dinoscun- tur. In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus est appen- sum. 40 1375 npni 14. — 1378 Sattuar 8. 389 Datum Brmme anno domini millesimo trecentesimo septnagesimo qunto die xim mensis Aprilis. Orlg. $erg. im t. I. ^ni», $of* unb ^taat»axäfi'ot gu Sßteit. Hn Pergament' ftretfen bad totngtge 9b(erfiege( \>t» ^erjog« in rotl^em Sad^. SlBgebni(ft toon gt. j^o^e^f)^ S im 41. fßanbt be0 9T(!^tt>« für Jhtnbe öflerrci^ifd^er ©ef^ic^iSquellen @. 96. 9« ^erjog $rtmfo t^oti Sefd^eti unb fein SBrubet 3^ntotott bezeugen ben ^ioen 3<>^<^t^it ^<n^ fluten nnb ^^^^nn bem 3un9eten )u Zxoppan mb atattbot bte {eber^etttge @tnld8batfett ber if^ncn tietpfanbeten @tabt @o]^ratt neb^ bem 2)Qtfe $aI(okot^. 1378 ganuar 8. Il Wir Prsemislaw von gotts genaden hertzog zu Teschin und wir Se- 1378 movith von denselben gnaden hertzog zu Teschin, meistir senthe Johanns 3^"- ^ Ordens von Jerusalem zu Polen , zu Behaim und zu Merhem bekennen ond thnn kunt öffentlich mit diessem brieffe allen den, di in sehenn oder : horenn lesen , das wir globt haben und geloben vor unss und vor unser P erben und rechte nachkomelinge dem hochgebomen furstenn hertzogen Johannsen dem eitern und hertzogen Johansen dem iungem herm zu Troppaw und zu Rathibor, unsem lieben brudem, iren erbenn und rech- ten nochkomlingen mit gutten trewen an arge list umb die satzunge der , statt zum Soro, des [guttes] zu Polowitz ^) und der manschafft, di si uns iTcrsatzt haben umb vier tausent und funff hundert marck Pragischer grosehen Polnischer zai, als der brieff, den sie uns darüber geben haben, I eigenntlich bekhent, das [wir] wen sie ^) , ire erben oder nachkhomelinge nnss oder unnsem erben oder nachkomelingen dasselbe gelt bezallen gantz und gar nach des brieffs lautte, den wir darüber haben, das in b abtretten sollen und sie wider ann irss weisen an arck ungehindert, und ob wir sie vorbass imanden versetzen weiten, das sollen wir thun mit den rechten^), als wir sie haben und nicht änderst nach des briefs laute, den wir darüber von in *) haben, und wen uns, unnsem erben oder noehkomen oder dem, dem wir sie vorbass vorsetzt haben, die egenanten 30 onalerep) bruder, ire erben oder noehkomen dasselbe gelt betzalten nach des brieffs laute , den sie uns mit iren anhangenden insigel doruber ge- geben haben, so sol derselbe brieff tod sein und keine crafft noch macht mer haben, also das wir furbass niemandt damit gemanen mugen in kemerlej weyse. Mit urkundt diss brieffs versigelt mit unsem anhan- ^ genden insigel. 1) ^Vmxd% Sttn9 ^^hnit 2) ^ie Vorlage (at sis. 3) SHe SSoTiage ^t: dem rechten, als sie wir haben —. 4) 2)ie Notlage ^at im. 5) j^te Sottage ^at uns ol^tte trgenb tßt\6ft9 HBfütsuttg^jet^cn. 390 gürflmt^um 9lati6or. Geschriben nnd geben zum Sora noch gottis gebort tansent drey- himdert iar in dem acht nnd sibentzigsten iar am negsten freytag naeh dem Christen tag. Hu0 bem Begistrum Wenceslai 9hr. 5 f. 6. 10. 1407 3anttat 16« 1407 Farka de Miedzyrech ^) ^^auptmann in Plschczina ($Ieg) , Mierako 3an. 16. ^Q Pßtranzna (?ßftrcnjna), ... de Magna Ruda (®ro§*8lattbcn) , Waymu de Biesenbnrg, Nicol. de Schytinki unb Sigismnndns de Teutcniicali Wysta (S)cutfd^*a38cid^fcl) Iciftcn SBttrgfd^aft für ^erjog Sodann öonXropjxm unb aHatibor, ba| berfelbe bem Röntge SBIab^flati) t)on $o(en bis näc^ftett i 3ol^anneötog einen Srief Äbntg SBenjefS^) ouSl^änbigen toerbe fiber btc 3000 SRarl breiter ?ßroger (Srofd^en, toeld^e Sol^ann feiner ®emal^Iitt §eIcno ') irm Seibgebinge beftintmt unb ouf bie ©tobte unb Sejirle 5ßlc§ unb 93erun ange« toiefen l^abe, unb berpflid^ten fic^, tnofem bad nid^t bis gu bem ermähnten %o> mine erfolgt fei, mit bier ^ferben in Ärafau jum ©inlager einjureiten. i Date Wilne dominico die post octavas Epiphanie dorn, a^ eiusdem MCCCCVII. ^gebtttdt mit fe^r \ä)U6)Um Xe^cte bei @ommer«berg Ss. rer. Siles. I, 951. 11. 3p|anit/ ^etjog )»on Zxoppan unb Stattbor^ f(!^lte§t einen @t(iiertt«g mit ^erjog $ttmfo bon Xxoppan folote beffen @d^nett aßenjel iinb 9tu s folani. 1407 9lobember 30. 1407 Wir Johannas von gottes genaden hertzog zu Troppaw nnnd zu Ra- 9iob. 30. thibor bekhennen nnnd thnn kunt mit diesem brieff allen den di in sehen oder hören lessen , das wir mit dem hochgebomen fnrstenn hertzogen 1) 1408 9{oioember 18 Ferkecz v. Medzirzeecz (^ur^kvalb), $au^tmann )U 9laüber, t Cod. dipl. Siles. n, 52. Of. »icrmanit ®z\df\ä}U )oon %t^6fm 246. 2) @inm ]e\6ftn SeflSagungdbrief ert^eilt bann ^önig SS^ensel $Tag die s. Zophie [Max 15) 1407, »ieberl^oU bmfelben SßMttn die s. Andree (iRotocmbcr 30) 1407 unb erneuert i^n bann bo4 einmal u Zcc^nH dominica p. Martini (iRo^ember 13) 1412 (in ber Sorfage ft^t Bocznik). Und flnb l^terüber nur bie 9legefien bed ebematigen ^oluifd^en fftndfiatiSf\»ti er^Iten, nsb toit citiren biefelben Ueber uad^ ber audjugdtoeifen 3nfammen{lellnng ber bann )»crtieteiieB f^Iefif^eu Urtunben, ber fogen. mantissa diplomatnm im Snbange gn €^oimncr9ki^ 3$ Ss. rer. Siles. tom. n, p. 87, 88 aU nad^ ber $arifer Ausgabe bcS Inventarinm Cn- coviense tton 1862 p. 55, toeil bie erflere immer nod^ reid^b^Itiger unb conecter t{i att bad letztere, toeld^e« ). 9. an^ ^tx fiatt 1407 ba« 3a^r 1401 angiebt. 3) einer 9{id^te ^önig SIabt^f(att>'9. 1407 3amtat 16. — 1407 iRotoemBer 30. 391 Prsimcken zu Troppaw und mit seinen sonen hertzogen Wentzlaw unnd kertzogen Melassen zu Troppaw unsern lieben freunten freuntlichen und gattliehen uberein khomen unnd mit allen unsern heusem festen stetten und gnttem, landen unnd leutten, niehts nit ausgenohmen als rechte vet- i temn zusamen getretten sein , also ob wir ane rechte eliche erben man- nesgeschlechts ee abstürben wen si da gott vor sey , so sollen alle unsre ^j hewser festen stette land unnd leutte an di egenannten unnser liebe fettem mmd an ire rechte eeliche erben unnd nochkhomen mannes ge- Behlechte ganz unnd gar khomen unnd geffallen, als der allerdurchleuch- I tigiste forste herr Wentzelaw Römischer unnd Behaimischer kunig unn- ser genediger herr solche zusamentrettunge uns beiden tailen vormals gegnnst nnd mit seinem maiestatinsigel das bestetiget batt. Auch sollen die selbigen unnser beiden lande bei einander bleiben unnd ein landt aem , als sie eines mannes weren , und wir und die selbigen landt miir* i emander sMlen einander in allen Sachen und geschefften getrewlichen rotten nnnd helffen ungesundert; unnd ob unser egenante fettern icht kriege angiengen oder in die hende kwemen durch des landts nottdurfit, 80 sollen wir in rotten und helffen nnnd hulffe senden des maysten so w mugen nach unsers landes vermögen , wenn sie die von unnss sein • begerende. Und was hulffe wir in thun, die zal gen auf unnsem scha- den, oder wen wir in die hulffe senden , die selbige hulffe sollen sie be- kosten und vertzeren als ir eygen hoffgesinde, wenne si in ir landt kö- rnet. Auch mögen unsere fettem iren weybem ein leibgeding mochen rerraichen unnd verschreiben, das sollen wir in gunnen, und ire weiber b sollen ire leibgeding haben halden besitzen unnd gemessen ungehindert als furstinn. Auch ob unsere fettem von gottes willen tochter nach irem tod liessen , globen wir noch itlicher leibgeding geben zway tausendt marck Polnisch unnd itliche auch besundem ansszurichten mit tausendt marck Polnischer [zal], und die sollen wir anders nicht aufgeben^) wen to einem gebomenn fursten , also das es andemn unnsemn freunden er- liehen sey. 3} 3m @ttnte t>oti aber naäf fc$(eft|d^em ^ptaä^^thtan^t. 392 gürflentl^um 9tattboi. • betzalen an arg von irem lannde und nicht lassen steen auf ir zelei Auch mugen unsere fettem gutter wegkgeben unnd vorreichen iren dii neru bey gesundem leibe nemlichen dorfer und ungemaurte festen , di sollen wir [inen] |iuch gunnen. Auch mögen unsere egenanten fettei bey gesundem leibe oder an iren todtbette zelegerete stiften und machfll oder bescheiden geistlichen weltlichen und iren dienern, und was m stifften gemacht und bescheiden haben nicht me wan tausenndt maq Polnisch selegerethe und tausendt marg Polnisch weltlichen dienern, di wider sollen wir nicht sein sunder das gunnen und globenn das zugebci unnd volendenn, als sie das gesti£ft gemacht und beschaiden haben voiM irem lande. Auch ob zwischenn unsem egenanten herren und uns stosai oder zwitracht geschech da gott vor sey, so sollen unsere egenanten vrt tem eldester manne fiere nemen auss iren lande unnd wir auch fien auss unsem landen , unnd dieselbigen acht mannen mögen nnnd sollei zwischen unnss also derfinden unnd ansprechen, was sie dan<^et unnsei aller und unser beyder lande bestes , das do gottlichen and erlichei were, und das sollen sie alle acht mannen volle macht haben , recht ak were es ein man, und was dieselbigen acht man zwischen baiden taylei erfinden und aussprechen, das wollen wir stette gantz und feste baltei und dawider nichts nit reden in keinerley weysse , und ob wir icht zi schaffen betten mit imsem egeschriben vettem vor denselbigen acht mannen , so sollen unsere fettem unnd auch wir beyde Sachen vor deo selbigen acht mannen geschriben geben , und umb solche Sachen unnd zwitracht sollen die selbigen acht mannen zwischen uns beiden tailen noch gleiche derfinden und ansprechen bey zweyen manden. Und die- selbigen acht manne sollen wir nicht lernen heimlich oder offembar, du si sollen ansprechen nach unnserm willen, sunder sie aussprechen Balten nach unser egenanten fettem unnd unserm verligen und schreyben. Uimd ob di selbigen acht manne under inen solche saeh nicht mochten erfinden noch ansprechen , so mugen di selbigen acht man unnd suUen anndere i unser vetter und unser manne dartzu nemen, als vil sy denn bedorffen. Mit der selbigen rat sie das ansprechen sollen bey zweyen manden als oben geschriben steet unnd nicht nach unsem leren, und umb solche an»- Spruche globen wir auff sy kein Ungunst und Unwillen zu haben; nnd theten wir das, das were wider unser trewe gewissen und ere. Aneh ob ^ unsere egenanten vettem ee abgiengen dan wir , globen wir das itlicher ir man unnd diener , die in getrewlichen gediennet unnd geratten bab^ ir bestes, keynen Unwillen und Ungunst furbas haben sollen. Anch ob unsere eegeschribenen vettem ee abgesturben den wir, globen wir, dis yetlicher ir man von uns hinnach unverrackt sol bleyben sitzen in [dem] * rechten , als er sitzt nach seiner beweisung. Auch ob unsere oflge- 1407 9lot>emBer 30. 393 ^ ^ftne fettern ee abestarben den wir annd nach en erben liBBen, also " *^ nach nicht mnndich nnd zu iren iaren komen weren, so globen wir ?***fetten trewen ir getrewer vonnnnde zn sein nnnd das ire nicht verthon ^ ^^Iblichen snnder also halten mit der selbigen kinder manne ratt nnd ^^l^r, nnd ob wir das ire yerthetten unnntzlichen an wissen der selbi- Wunder manne, so sollen wir den selbigen kindem, wen sye mnndig n iren iaren khomen sein, ein gleiches thon nmb das ire nach der Sooi^tnass derselben kinder manne. Anch ob von nnsem egenanten via 4m ein versprochner man under nns zöge , den sollen wir nicht hal- tn ir wissen nnd willen , nnd ob ein nnversprochner man von nnss unsere eegenanten fettem ziehen wolde, also das ehr hie vor rechte na4 gethan als im lande recht ist, das sollen wir im gnnnen. Auch me i vri^ unsere eegenanten fettem der egenanten vettem zusammentrettunge hülfe wollen ledig sein , so sollen und mugen sye derselbigen ledig unnd loss sein, wen sie wollen, doch mit solchem underschaid, das nnns solchs dry monat davor sollen lassen wissen mit zwayen erbam en und mit einem rattman von Troppaw. 2) flaäf ber Saffung ber (Scgenurlunbe fehlen l^ier no($ bte SBorte zu inen. 394 ^üx^taüfvtm 9iattbot. ttnd Werntko Schiliga auch gebnider, Czenko Zogrod, Mertziseh von Oderberg , Wirtzbantha von Ponetitz ansere lantmanne und di statt Ba- thibor, Zor ^] unnd Freudental, di dobey gewest Bein, noch deren rot wv solche zasamentrettang gethan haben, auch ire insigel an diesen brieff 1 gehangen. tj Geben zu Rathibor an sant Andres tag des heiligen zwelffpotten, | nach Christi geburt [tausend] fierzehen hundert jare darnach im siben- \ den iare. 91u0 bem Registrum Wenceslai auf ber fraget UnitoerTttStsBibtiot^t 92r. 7 f. S^. ' 2)er in l^o^ent SJlage t>eTborbene Xc^t tonnte an "oitita Orten au9 ber (Segenurfunbe brt ^ .^erjog« ^rlrafo, öcrgl. 9h. 12, tocrBcffert »erben. i 12. 1407 9to)»taibtt 90. 1407 ^tm!o, ©ct^og unb §crr ju Iroppau unb SRatibor, unb bcffm @o^e ■ 9^0». 30. ggg^jgt mij) gjif lag urlunbcn i^rerfcttS in bcrfclbcn ©ad^c mutatis mutandis 1 mit bcnjclben SBotteti. 3^^8^^^ Unser landleute Hentzil Stosch von Po- 1 stenticz ^) , herr Sbinko Hrzywnatz von Schreiberdorf, herr Eristko von j Morawitz , Gunrad Stosch von Brenitz ^) , Hannos Czeschow von der Neunkurchen, Jeschko von Olbramdorf, Czenko von Beneschaw und Hanusschko von Bladein und die stette Troppaw, Lubschitz (Seo6f(^ö|) und Czugkmantl. 1 Troppau an s. Endres tag des heiligen zwelffpotten nach Christi i geburt fierzehenhundert jare darnach in dem sibende jare. 9n9 bem Begistmm Wenceslai 9lr. 8, f. 12. i 13. 1437 Dctober 15. 1437 Sl^citung ber ßanbc Sflattbor, goflcmborf unb Ä^bnil jtoifc^cn bcii 8tü* Dct. 15. jj^^^ SBengcI unb SlifoIauÄ burd^ öon bicfen erlorcnc äRannen bieder fianbe in ber SBeife, ba^ ^^i% SBenjel l^aiien f oQ Slatibor @tabt unb £anb, boju mtc^ d^ttna«) unb ^Id^oioil unb MtS, m^ fonft 9litoIaud ^aglott)»!^ im ^itfh* nitfd^en beftgt, ^erjog 92itoIatt& bagegen Sägernborf , ^reubettt^al, ben SBoit« J notoSt^f ^en S3efi|, ^le^ {R^bnif bie f^efte unb baS £anb, Sodlou, SBouer' J^ t0t$ fotpie aud^ bed $anS ^lemma Slnt^eil an Xtuortau unb load biefer fonfl im Sftattborfd^en befi|t. ®ie gagb auf bem ßloftergebiete bon SHauben foD betben S3ritbent freiftel^en unb ebenfo bie 93enu|uttg bt^ @tetnbtud^d }tt 9la« bojd^ato (^eiS ät^bnit). S)aS bor^anbene ©itber, S3äd^fen, $ulber unb 1) (Sopran in Oberf^teftcn. ^ 2) PoButic = $ogni^ bei 3ägemborf m'6^it $faner SBel^el lefen, (^(eftf^e Bettf^nft Vin, 207. 3) Branitz gn lefen, Selfeel a. a. D. 4) Zielten in ber Vorlage. I J 1407 9f?ot>cmb€t 30. — 1475 Sitm 21. 395 ftricgdgerfit^ foQ getl^eilt koerben acJ) 3)ie ©d^riften, befonberi^ latferlid^e unb ßnigltd^e Briefe, foQen auf ber iButg }U 9iatt6or bleiben aber SSeiben }ugäng' fic^ feilt, ©d^ttlbbriefe bagegen getl^eilt toerben. Shoaige tfinftige StDx\k itou \ifm btit 99rübem foDen butd^ beiberfeitig enoa^Ite äRannen gefc^Ii^tet toer« 1 ben, unb faQS bieje e§ nid^t üermbgen, burd^ t$^eunbe ber $er}öge. W BatiboTzy w utery den 8w. Hedwika 1437. 9u« bem Begistrum Wenceslai ttt ber ^rager Unberfit&tdBibUot^ef 9h. 503 f. 605b Dte ütdfo^ entasten 9lamen ber ^IMixö^Ux unb bte tt&^eren i^efltmmuugen über bie e^nttmer^aitniffe fte^e im Cod. dipl. Siles. VI, Sftt. 195. I IC 1438 Detobet 18. aSBeujel, ^erjog t)on Ztoppan unb älatibor, gelobt bem jum ftönige oon i438 Sonnten ettoä^lten potnifd^en ^njen Äafimir, il^m fogleid^ nad^ feiner er* ^^*- ^^• folgten Krönung ju ^utbigen. Datum Batiborie sabbato ipso die 8. Luce evangeliste a<^ d. mcccc \ xxxvin. 9tt 0ommer9Berg Sb. rer. Siles. I, 1010 au« einem (£o)>ia(Bud^e aBgebrudtt. S)ie Uitmtbe fümmt mutatis mntandis toörtUd^ fiBerein mit bem 9let>erfe ber bret ^erjöge bon O^^ptdt 1438 October 6, t»erg(. bei gürflenti^. Opptln nnb bagu ^d^Iefifd^e Set^ti^rift XII, 258, flitm. 4. i 15. 1474 2)eeem»er 16. 9Ratt]^iai&, ftbnig t)on Ungarn unb iBbl^men ic, giebt unb üerfd^reibt bem 1474 $t)nef, §erjog bon SRilnfterberg, ®rafen öon ®ta|, Ferren öon ftunftabt unb ^"' ^®- auf ^obiebrab, feinem @d^toager um beffen treuer S)ienfte toiQen fein @d^Io§ fleg fammt ber ®tabt, u^el^eS ber ftSnig bem ^erjog SEßenjel [üon St^bnil] i üld feinem f^einbe mit bem ©d^toerte abgenommen, um 20,000 ungar. ®ul* ^ ben. D^ntj^tn%m. Ad relationem d. Johannis prepoB. Strigoniensis. 9re8lau w patek po hodn sw. Lncie 1474 bed ungarifd^en 9fieid^ed im 17., bed bbl^mif^en im 6. 3af|re. i %n9 bem Originale im gflrfilid^en Sr^lbc )u $Ie6 92r. 14 mit bem I^BnigUcl^en ^ Siegel an grAU'gelben nnb bioletten ^eibenfäben. 16. 1475 3ttnt 27. ^einric^ ber jüngere, fonft $k)nef genannt, $erjog t)on SRünfterberg, 1475 0iQf oon ®Ia|, $err üon ^nftat unb ^obiebrab, tritt ba8 il^m Don ftönig 3uni 27. 15 1) (S9 folgt l^ier eine stelle mit fe^ entfletttem Xe^t, beren 3n^U ba^er nid^t mit teVer @u!^er^it toiebergegeben loerben tann. ©Ifidlid^er Seife ift biefelbe niil^t bon be« loitbeier StU^tigteit 396 gürftentl^ttm 9tatiBoT. SWatt^iag üon Ungarn ücrlicl^cnc anredet auf ©d^log $te§ nebft 3^^^^^^ «* feinen Srubcr SSictorin, ^erjog Don SDWlnfterbcrg unb Xroppau unb ®tofen \>on ®lai§, ab. 3^^d^^ ^einrt^ QdQivxaci Don ^nftabt auf ©emiffoniic}, 9x* tolaui^ t)on ®uttftetn, San ^raban^ t)on $rjerubenic}, Sßenget üon 3^WH ^einrid^ Kmo^ Don SSorotoicj unb SIbam Don S^ftrjic} (^abelfd^ioerbt). Ol^ne Ort (bo^ Dermut^Ii^ ßoKn) , ten utery po 8w. Jane krztiteli boziem 1475. 9[u« bem Originale mit bett ^^iegeln be8 ^erjogd unb ber genannten B^d^ M bed Se^tgenannten ifi abgefallen) im gürflli(^en 9t(i^it)e }U $teg iRr. 16. 17. 1475 3ttttt 28^ 1475 §etnric^ ber Sungerc, ^^ncf genannt, $erjog Don SRünftcrberg, @raf 3uni 28. ^jQii @j(j^^ j^^^i ^j^i^ aSermtttelung fetnei^ alteren SruberS ^ehtric^, $ctjogf Don 2Rünfterberg*=Sof el, ®rafen Don®Iafe, mit feinem Sruber Bictorin, getjog Don SRünfterberg *» Xroppau, ®raf en Don 0 Ia|, einen Xauf ^ in ber SBcifc, bag er aQen Stnfprüd^en auf @^Io^ unb @tabt $Ieg unb bie gan^e ^errfc^aft, i über loeld^ed Wlt^ er einen 93rief Don ^önig iDiattl^taS bef a^ , ju @unften 9Sictorin'8 entfagt, jene Urfunbe bemfelben ausliefert, bemfetben ©ci^u^ gufagt gegen anberweitige ?lnfprüd^e, ttjie j. 85. Don Seiten ber ©c^mcfter »cilanb §erjog SaäenjefiJ ^) ober bie be8 3an SSol^umenSl^ auf ba8 jur ^crrfc^aft ^kfe gel^örige 9licoIai, aud^ bemfelben 4000 ungarifd^e ®ulben jol^It, bagegen aber j bie $)crrfd^aft Äolin a/@Ibe empfängt. D^ne QtüQtn. Dan na Colynie letha etc. 1475 w strzedu w wigily sw. Petra a Pawla. 9[n« bem Originale mit ben an $ergamentflretfen ^Sngenben ©iegcln bei ktbai ^er^öge im gürfind^en ^rt^ibe ju $Ieg ^i. 16. 1 18. 1477 3ötttiat 26. 1477 Äönig aSIab^flattJ überläßt $einric§ bem Stiteren, ^erjoge Don SRünftcr« 3an. 26. j^^g ©rafeu Don ®Ia|, feinem Dlieime 5MIe§, toaö bemfelben beffen (Sefan- gener SBeujel, §erjog Don Xroppau unb SRattbor, Don ben ©d^Iöffem imb ^ ©ebieten Don ?ßle§, ©o^rau unb Sltjbni!, bie SBenjel burd^ getonte Detwirft i l^atte, abtreten würbe. Dl^ne Qtn^tn. Ad mandatam d. regis domino Paulo de Gensstyn referend. W Praze w nedieli przed hromniczeny leto etc. 1477, kralowstwie naseeho leta Bsesteho. Original im S^il^^^d^cu 9rc$ibe gn ^leg 92r. 17. Hn ^ergamentfheifen ba« ^ifft^ii be9 ft5nig9 in rot^em SBad^9. 1) iRad^ ©rotefenb'd Stammtafeln ^argaret^e, ©emal^Un j^apmir'« \>cn 9iif(l^»t$. 1475 3uni 28. — 1478 9aiiuat 23. 397 19. 1478 3anttar 13. Sodann bet Süngere, ^et^og in @c^Iefien t)on Xvoppan unb Slatibor, i478 Mrf^nrid^t ben $er25gen Sol^ann unb 9htoIaud t)on DppAn unb Dber^®Iogau, ^^^' ^^^ neld^ i^m t^re @<^toefter äRagbalena mit einer SD^tgift t)on 5000 ®ulben jur - Sema^Iin unb au|erbem no^ 2000 ®ulben aui^ bef onberet t^reunbf d^aft ge^ geben ^aben, bafär i^otgenbed : er \>mnadft feiner ©emal^Iin ba^ ^erjogtl^um Satibor irua Seibgebinge unb ixoax ganj, loenn feine (Srben ba finb, f onft jur ^Ifte. Unfd^dblic^ biefei^ Seibgebingei^ f ollen bie beiben Oppelner ^erj&ge im güHe feineiJ unbeerbten Xobeö erben, ttjaS er t)om ^erjogtl^um 3iatibor !)inter* I löffen werbe, wogegen, toenn jene o^ne ffirben fterben, i^r ßanb an grau SWag* I balena unb i^e Srben f aQen f oQ, tro| bereu f onftiger SSerjid^tleiftung auf x\)x Srbl^eil. 2)er @rbt)ertrag wirb für beibe X^eile unoerbinblid^, wenn ^erjog Sodann bie 2000 ®ulben jurficfjatiU. @eine @d^weftem ^atl^arina, ^elena imb %nna foUen Dermod^t werben, i^re ßuftimmung }U geben. W Oppli w utery w octavu sw. trzech kralaow 1478. 9n9 bon Begistrnm Wencesiai au^jügUd^ im Cod. dipl. Siles. VI, 306. 20. 1478 3anuar 13. ®egenurtunbe ber beiben ^erjbge t)on Oppeln. 1478 W Opoli w antery ochtawn trzi (sie) sw. kralnow. 3on. i3. \ 9n« bem Registrom Wenceslai au«3figUc!^ im Cod. dipl. Siles. VI, 307. 21. 1478 3annat 23. §einri^ ber itttere, iperjog tjon SRünfterberg, ®raf t)on ®Ia|, tritt, nad^* 1478 bem i^m ftönig SBIab^flaw bie ©rwerbung aller ber fianbe, welche er t)on fei* So«- 23. ' nem @efattgenen ^erjog 993enjel oon Xroppau unb aHatibor fid^ würbe tonnen > obtceten laffen, audbrüdlic^ jugef agt ^at, nun aQe bief e Siechte an feinen 93ru« bei Sictorin, ^erjog Don SlRünfterberg unb Xro))))au, ®rafen t>on ®Ia|, ab. SöiflOi Sol^ann t)on ©eeberg unb auf ^lane^, 3iitter San öon Semftein *) ^on^toann t)on ®(a^, San ^oruffandt^ t)on Sloftot l^erjoglic^er äRarfd^ad, Smft ^augwi^, ^af))ar ©c^abel t)on ^nobelsborf, ®eorg ©tiQfrieb t)on 9ia^ I tieni^ unb auf SSeurobe unb äBienel gering uon @Iupna unb Bielidl (93Ieid^ inJRo^ren). @(a^ w patek przed hodem sw. Pawla na wieru obrazenie. 9u9 bcm Otiginale im gürfUic^en Hiäfi^it in ^(eg ytx. 22 mit ben »o^Ur^altenen ^cüt bes ^cr}og9 nnb bei genannten (SbeKeute. ^ 1) 9n Stelle biefc« 9{amen9 {iel^t in ber Urfunbe Dom 14. Snli 1478 8if^of6^eim M gleid^ S^ontamen nnb gleid^em flmtdd^arafter, fo bag bie Snno^me eines Sßerfe^end nm fo loenigei an9gef(^(of[en fein bürfte, ba bie mä^tifd^e gamilie bet $cm{iein9 ober 9eni^ nnd fonfl ^ier nici^t begegnet. 398 gflißent^um S^attbot. 22. 1478 Februar 2. 147S Sol^ann ber jüngere, $^og uon Xrop^ou unb äHatibor, \>ttp^\d^tü ^ gebr. 2. {^ SBerfoIg bcr jutjor angeführten Urfunbe aud^ boju, burd^ ^önig SRatt^ ba^ Seibgebinge ber 9JlagbaIena beftätigen ju laffen unb t)or bem Sönig mn euentueQe Übergabe jeiner Sanbe an bte ^ecjöge t)on Dppetn ^crbeisuffi^, toibrigenfaUS il^m bie 2000 ®ulben nid^t gejal^It werben foQen. W Opoli w pondielij den matky bozie oczisstieny letha etc. 1478. Ku9 bem Registnim Wenceslai andjfigttc^ im Cod. dipl. Siles. VI, 308. 23. 1478 Februar % 1478 ®egenurtunbe ber ^erjöge t)on D))))eln. gebt. 2. Yf Oppolij w pondieli den matky bozij purificacionis letha etc. 1478. %n9 bem Begistram Wenceslai audgügltd^ im Cod. dipl. Siles. VI, 309. 24. 1478 3ttm 23. |
github_open_source_100_1_564 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | # Generated by Django 3.1.6 on 2021-04-27 11:06
from django.db import migrations, models
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
dependencies = [
('order', '0012_auto_20210326_1629'),
]
operations = [
migrations.AlterField(
model_name='billingaddress',
name='last_name',
field=models.CharField(blank=True, help_text='para onde devemos entregar o seu pedido?', max_length=255, verbose_name='Local'),
),
migrations.AlterField(
model_name='billingaddress',
name='line1',
field=models.CharField(help_text='Data que você deseja agendar', max_length=255, verbose_name='Data'),
),
migrations.AlterField(
model_name='billingaddress',
name='line2',
field=models.CharField(blank=True, help_text='Horario que você deseja agendar.', max_length=255, verbose_name='Horario'),
),
migrations.AlterField(
model_name='shippingaddress',
name='last_name',
field=models.CharField(blank=True, help_text='para onde devemos entregar o seu pedido?', max_length=255, verbose_name='Local'),
),
migrations.AlterField(
model_name='shippingaddress',
name='line1',
field=models.CharField(help_text='Data que você deseja agendar', max_length=255, verbose_name='Data'),
),
migrations.AlterField(
model_name='shippingaddress',
name='line2',
field=models.CharField(blank=True, help_text='Horario que você deseja agendar.', max_length=255, verbose_name='Horario'),
),
]
|
github_open_source_100_1_565 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package practice;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;
public class GetaBet {
static BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
public static void main(String[] args) {
int bet = 0;
int bank = 1000;
System.out.println("You can bet between " + bet + "and " + bank);
do {
System.out.println("Enter your bet: ");
bet = GetInput();
} while (bet <= 0);
}
public static int GetInput() {
while (true) {
try {
return Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine());
} catch (IOException | NumberFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
|
12563379_1 | Caselaw_Access_Project | Public Domain | See Iowa R. App. P. 6.904
Spencer Pierce appeals the denial of his application for postconviction relief. AFFIRMED.
AFFIRMED..
|
github_open_source_100_1_566 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #include "ads1115.h"
#include "esphome/core/log.h"
namespace esphome {
namespace ads1115 {
static const char *TAG = "ads1115";
static const uint8_t ADS1115_REGISTER_CONVERSION = 0x00;
static const uint8_t ADS1115_REGISTER_CONFIG = 0x01;
static const uint8_t ADS1115_DATA_RATE_860_SPS = 0b111;
void ADS1115Component::setup() {
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up ADS1115...");
uint16_t value;
if (!this->read_byte_16(ADS1115_REGISTER_CONVERSION, &value)) {
this->mark_failed();
return;
}
uint16_t config = 0;
// Clear single-shot bit
// 0b0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
config |= 0b0000000000000000;
// Setup multiplexer
// 0bx000xxxxxxxxxxxx
config |= ADS1115_MULTIPLEXER_P0_N1 << 12;
// Setup Gain
// 0bxxxx000xxxxxxxxx
config |= ADS1115_GAIN_6P144 << 9;
if (this->continuous_mode_) {
// Set continuous mode
// 0bxxxxxxx0xxxxxxxx
config |= 0b0000000000000000;
} else {
// Set singleshot mode
// 0bxxxxxxx1xxxxxxxx
config |= 0b0000000100000000;
}
// Set data rate - 860 samples per second (we're in singleshot mode)
// 0bxxxxxxxx100xxxxx
config |= ADS1115_DATA_RATE_860_SPS << 5;
// Set comparator mode - hysteresis
// 0bxxxxxxxxxxx0xxxx
config |= 0b0000000000000000;
// Set comparator polarity - active low
// 0bxxxxxxxxxxxx0xxx
config |= 0b0000000000000000;
// Set comparator latch enabled - false
// 0bxxxxxxxxxxxxx0xx
config |= 0b0000000000000000;
// Set comparator que mode - disabled
// 0bxxxxxxxxxxxxxx11
config |= 0b0000000000000011;
if (!this->write_byte_16(ADS1115_REGISTER_CONFIG, config)) {
this->mark_failed();
return;
}
this->prev_config_ = config;
for (auto *sensor : this->sensors_) {
this->set_interval(sensor->get_name(), sensor->update_interval(),
[this, sensor] { this->request_measurement(sensor); });
}
}
void ADS1115Component::dump_config() {
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up ADS1115...");
LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
if (this->is_failed()) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Communication with ADS1115 failed!");
}
for (auto *sensor : this->sensors_) {
LOG_SENSOR(" ", "Sensor", sensor);
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Multiplexer: %u", sensor->get_multiplexer());
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, " Gain: %u", sensor->get_gain());
}
}
float ADS1115Component::request_measurement(ADS1115Sensor *sensor) {
uint16_t config = this->prev_config_;
// Multiplexer
// 0bxBBBxxxxxxxxxxxx
config &= 0b1000111111111111;
config |= (sensor->get_multiplexer() & 0b111) << 12;
// Gain
// 0bxxxxBBBxxxxxxxxx
config &= 0b1111000111111111;
config |= (sensor->get_gain() & 0b111) << 9;
if (!this->continuous_mode_) {
// Start conversion
config |= 0b1000000000000000;
}
if (!this->continuous_mode_ || this->prev_config_ != config) {
if (!this->write_byte_16(ADS1115_REGISTER_CONFIG, config)) {
this->status_set_warning();
return NAN;
}
this->prev_config_ = config;
// about 1.6 ms with 860 samples per second
delay(2);
uint32_t start = millis();
while (this->read_byte_16(ADS1115_REGISTER_CONFIG, &config) && (config >> 15) == 0) {
if (millis() - start > 100) {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reading ADS1115 timed out");
this->status_set_warning();
return NAN;
}
yield();
}
}
uint16_t raw_conversion;
if (!this->read_byte_16(ADS1115_REGISTER_CONVERSION, &raw_conversion)) {
this->status_set_warning();
return NAN;
}
auto signed_conversion = static_cast<int16_t>(raw_conversion);
float millivolts;
switch (sensor->get_gain()) {
case ADS1115_GAIN_6P144:
millivolts = signed_conversion * 0.187500f;
break;
case ADS1115_GAIN_4P096:
millivolts = signed_conversion * 0.125000f;
break;
case ADS1115_GAIN_2P048:
millivolts = signed_conversion * 0.062500f;
break;
case ADS1115_GAIN_1P024:
millivolts = signed_conversion * 0.031250f;
break;
case ADS1115_GAIN_0P512:
millivolts = signed_conversion * 0.015625f;
break;
case ADS1115_GAIN_0P256:
millivolts = signed_conversion * 0.007813f;
break;
default:
millivolts = NAN;
}
this->status_clear_warning();
return millivolts / 1e3f;
}
float ADS1115Sensor::sample() { return this->parent_->request_measurement(this); }
void ADS1115Sensor::update() {
float v = this->parent_->request_measurement(this);
if (!isnan(v)) {
ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Got Voltage=%fV", this->get_name().c_str(), v);
this->publish_state(v);
}
}
} // namespace ads1115
} // namespace esphome
|
github_open_source_100_1_567 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import {ColumnProps, TablePaginationConfig} from 'antd/es/table';
import {SorterResult, ColumnFilterItem, FilterDropdownProps} from 'antd/es/table/interface';
import React, { ReactText } from 'react';
import {
Condition,
ConditionsGroup,
EntityFilter,
EnumInfo,
EnumValueInfo,
MetaPropertyInfo
} from '@cuba-platform/rest';
import {DataTableCell} from './DataTableCell';
import {
ComparisonType,
DataTableCustomFilter as CustomFilter,
} from './DataTableCustomFilter';
import { toJS } from 'mobx';
import { MainStore, getPropertyInfoNN, DataCollectionStore, getPropertyCaption } from '@cuba-platform/react-core';
import {OperatorType, FilterValue} from "@cuba-platform/rest";
import {setPagination} from "../paging/Paging";
import {Key} from 'antd/es/table/interface';
import { FormInstance } from 'antd/es/form';
// todo we should not use '*Helpers' in class name in case of lack semantic. This class need to be split
// to different files like 'DataColumn', 'Conditions', 'Filters', 'Paging' ot something like this
// https://github.com/cuba-platform/frontend/issues/133
export interface DataColumnConfig {
propertyName: string,
entityName: string,
/**
* Whether to enable a filter for this column
*/
enableFilter: boolean,
/**
* An object received in antd {@link https://ant.design/components/table | Table}'s `onChange` callback,
* it is a mapping between column names and currently applied filters.
*/
filters: Record<string, any> | undefined,
/**
* See {@link DataTableCustomFilterProps.operator}
*/
operator: ComparisonType | undefined,
onOperatorChange: (operator: ComparisonType, propertyName: string) => void,
/**
* See {@link DataTableCustomFilterProps.value}
*/
// TODO probably type should be changed to CustomFilterInputValue
value: any,
onValueChange: (value: any, propertyName: string) => void,
/**
* Whether to enable sorting on this column
*/
enableSorter: boolean,
mainStore: MainStore,
/**
* See {@link DataTableCustomFilterProps.customFilterRef}
*/
customFilterRef?: (instance: FormInstance) => void
}
/**
* @remarks
* It is possible to create a vanilla antd `Table` and customize some of its columns
* with `DataTable`'s custom filters using this helper function.
*
* NOTE: it might be simpler to achieve the desired result using {@link DataTableProps.columnDefinitions}.
*
* @param config
*
* @example
* ```typescript jsx
* import * as React from "react";
* import {action, observable} from 'mobx';
* import {observer} from "mobx-react";
* import {Table,} from "antd";
* import {Car} from "../../cuba/entities/mpg$Car";
* import {
* collection, injectMainStore, MainStoreInjected,
* generateDataColumn, ComparisonType, handleTableChange,
* } from "@cuba-platform/react";
* import {injectIntl, WrappedComponentProps} from 'react-intl';
* import {PaginationConfig} from 'antd/es/pagination';
* import { SorterResult } from "antd/es/table";
*
* @injectMainStore
* @observer
* class CarTableComponent extends React.Component<MainStoreInjected & WrappedComponentProps> {
*
* dataCollection = collection<Car>(Car.NAME, {view: 'car-edit', sort: '-updateTs'});
*
* fields = ['purchaseDate','price','regNumber'];
*
* @observable.ref filters: Record<string, string[]> | undefined;
* @observable operator: ComparisonType | undefined;
* @observable value: any;
*
* @action
* handleOperatorChange = (operator: ComparisonType) => this.operator = operator;
*
* @action
* handleValueChange = (value: any) => this.value = value;
*
* @action
* handleChange = (pagination: PaginationConfig, tableFilters: Record<string, string[]>, sorter: SorterResult<Car>): void => {
* this.filters = tableFilters;
*
* handleTableChange({
* pagination: pagination,
* filters: tableFilters,
* sorter: sorter,
* defaultSort: '-updateTs',
* fields: this.fields,
* mainStore: this.props.mainStore!,
* dataCollection: this.dataCollection
* });
* };
*
* render() {
*
* return (
* <Table
* dataSource={this.dataCollection.items.slice()}
* columns={[
* { title: 'Purchase Date', dataIndex: 'purchaseDate', key: 'purchaseDate', render: (text: any) => <b>{text}</b> },
* { title: 'Price', dataIndex: 'price', key: 'price' },
* generateDataColumn({
* propertyName: 'regNumber',
* entityName: this.dataCollection.entityName,
* filters: this.filters,
* operator: this.operator,
* onOperatorChange: this.handleOperatorChange,
* value: this.value,
* onValueChange: this.handleValueChange,
* enableSorter: true,
* mainStore: this.props.mainStore!
* })
* ]}
* onChange={this.handleChange}
* pagination={{
* showSizeChanger: true,
* total: this.dataCollection.count,
* }}
* />
* );
* }
*
* }
*
* const CarTable = injectIntl(CarTableComponent);
*
* export default CarTable;
* ```
*
*/
// todo refactor - extract DataColumn class
export function generateDataColumn<EntityType>(config: DataColumnConfig): ColumnProps<EntityType> {
const {
propertyName,
entityName,
enableFilter,
filters,
operator,
onOperatorChange,
value,
onValueChange,
enableSorter,
mainStore,
customFilterRef
} = config;
let dataIndex: string | string[];
const propertyInfo = getPropertyInfoNN(propertyName as string, entityName, mainStore!.metadata!);
switch(propertyInfo.attributeType) {
case 'COMPOSITION':
case 'ASSOCIATION':
dataIndex = [propertyName, '_instanceName'];
break;
default:
dataIndex = propertyName as string;
}
const localizedPropertyCaption = getPropertyCaption(propertyName as string, entityName, mainStore!.messages!);
let defaultColumnProps: ColumnProps<EntityType> = {
title: (
<div
title={localizedPropertyCaption}>
{localizedPropertyCaption}
</div>
),
dataIndex,
sorter: enableSorter,
key: propertyName as string,
render: (text, record) => DataTableCell<EntityType>({propertyInfo, text, mainStore, record})
};
if (enableFilter && isPropertyTypeSupported(propertyInfo)) {
defaultColumnProps = {
...defaultColumnProps,
// According to the typings this field expects any[] | undefined
// However, in reality undefined makes the filter icon to be highlighted.
// If we want the icon to not be highlighted we need to pass null instead.
// @ts-ignore
filteredValue: (filters && filters[propertyName])
? toJS(filters[propertyName])
: null,
};
if (propertyInfo.attributeType === 'ENUM') {
defaultColumnProps = {
filters: generateEnumFilter(propertyInfo, mainStore),
...defaultColumnProps
};
} else {
defaultColumnProps = {
filterDropdown: generateCustomFilterDropdown(
propertyName as string,
entityName,
operator,
onOperatorChange,
value,
onValueChange,
customFilterRef,
),
...defaultColumnProps
};
}
}
return defaultColumnProps;
}
/**
* Generates a standard antd table column filter for enum fields.
*
* @param propertyInfo
* @param mainStore
*/
export function generateEnumFilter(propertyInfo: MetaPropertyInfo, mainStore: MainStore): ColumnFilterItem[] {
const propertyEnumInfo: EnumInfo | undefined = mainStore!.enums!
.find((enumInfo: EnumInfo) => enumInfo.name === propertyInfo.type);
if (!propertyEnumInfo) {
return [];
}
return propertyEnumInfo.values.map((enumValueInfo: EnumValueInfo) => {
return {
text: enumValueInfo.caption,
value: enumValueInfo.name
};
});
}
// todo - after extraction DataColumn class move this method to DataColumn and inline
export function generateCustomFilterDropdown(
propertyName: string,
entityName: string,
operator: ComparisonType | undefined,
onOperatorChange: (operator: ComparisonType, propertyName: string) => void,
value: any,
onValueChange: (value: any, propertyName: string) => void,
customFilterRefCallback?: (instance: FormInstance) => void,
): (props: FilterDropdownProps) => React.ReactNode {
return (props: FilterDropdownProps) => (
<CustomFilter entityName={entityName}
entityProperty={propertyName}
filterProps={props}
operator={operator}
onOperatorChange={onOperatorChange}
value={value}
onValueChange={onValueChange}
customFilterRef={customFilterRefCallback}
/>
)
}
/**
* Sets filters on provided `dataCollection` based on current state of table filters
*
* @param tableFilters
* @param fields
* @param mainStore
* @param dataCollection
*/
export function setFilters<E>(
tableFilters: Record<string, ReactText[] | null>,
fields: string[],
mainStore: MainStore,
dataCollection: DataCollectionStore<E>,
) {
let entityFilter: EntityFilter | undefined;
if (dataCollection.filter && dataCollection.filter.conditions && dataCollection.filter.conditions.length > 0) {
const preservedConditions: Array<Condition | ConditionsGroup> = dataCollection.filter.conditions
.filter(condition => isPreservedCondition(condition, fields));
if (preservedConditions.length > 0) {
entityFilter = {
conditions: preservedConditions
};
}
}
if (tableFilters) {
fields.forEach((propertyName: string) => {
if (tableFilters.hasOwnProperty(propertyName)
&& tableFilters[propertyName] != null
&& tableFilters[propertyName]!.length > 0) {
if (!entityFilter) {
entityFilter = {
conditions: []
};
}
const propertyInfoNN = getPropertyInfoNN(propertyName as string, dataCollection.entityName, mainStore.metadata!);
if (propertyInfoNN.attributeType === 'ENUM') {
pushCondition(entityFilter, propertyName, 'in', tableFilters[propertyName]);
} else {
const {operator, value} = JSON.parse(String(tableFilters[propertyName]![0]));
if (operator === 'inInterval') {
const {minDate, maxDate} = value;
pushCondition(entityFilter, propertyName, '>=', minDate);
pushCondition(entityFilter, propertyName, '<=', maxDate);
} else {
pushCondition(entityFilter, propertyName, operator, value);
}
}
}
});
}
dataCollection.filter = entityFilter;
}
function pushCondition(ef: EntityFilter,
property: string,
operator: OperatorType,
val: ReactText | ReactText[] | null) {
const value = val as FilterValue;
ef.conditions.push({property, operator, value});
}
/**
* Sets sort field/order on provided `dataCollection` based on current state of table `sorter`.
*
* @param sorter
* @param defaultSort name of the field to be sorted by. If the name is preceeding by the '+' character, then the sort order is ascending,
* if by the '-' character then descending. If there is no special character before the property name, then ascending sort will be used.
* @param dataCollection
*/
// todo could we make defaultSort of type defined as properties keys of 'E' ?
export function setSorter<E>(sorter: SorterResult<E> | Array<SorterResult<E>>, defaultSort: string | undefined, dataCollection: DataCollectionStore<E>) {
if (sorter != null && !Array.isArray(sorter) && sorter.order != null) {
const sortOrderPrefix: string = (sorter.order === 'descend') ? '-' : '+';
let sortField: string;
if (typeof sorter.field === 'string' && sorter.field.endsWith('._instanceName')) {
sortField = sorter.field.substring(0, sorter.field.indexOf('.'));
} else {
sortField = String(sorter.field);
}
dataCollection.sort = sortOrderPrefix + sortField;
} else {
dataCollection.sort = defaultSort;
}
}
/**
* @typeparam E - entity type
*/
export interface TableChangeDTO<E> {
/**
* Received in antd {@link https://ant.design/components/table | Table}'s `onChange` callback
*/
pagination: TablePaginationConfig,
/**
* Received in antd {@link https://ant.design/components/table | Table}'s `onChange` callback
*/
filters: Record<string, Key[] | null>,
/**
* Received in antd {@link https://ant.design/components/table | Table}'s `onChange` callback
*/
sorter: SorterResult<E> | Array<SorterResult<E>>,
/**
* Default sort order.
* Property name opionally preceeded by `+` or `-` character.
* If the name is preceeded by `+`, or there is no preceeding character, then the sort order is ascending.
* If the name is preceeded by `-`, then the sort order is descending.
*/
defaultSort: string | undefined,
/**
* Names of the entity properties that should be displayed.
*/
fields: string[],
mainStore: MainStore,
dataCollection: DataCollectionStore<E>,
}
/**
* When called from antd {@link https://ant.design/components/table | Table}'s `onChange` callback
* this function will reload data collection taking into account `Table`'s filters, sorter and pagination.
*
* @typeparam E - entity type.
*
* @param tableChangeDTO
*/
export function handleTableChange<E>(tableChangeDTO: TableChangeDTO<E>): Promise<void> {
const {
pagination,
filters,
sorter,
defaultSort,
fields,
mainStore,
dataCollection
} = tableChangeDTO;
setFilters(filters, fields, mainStore, dataCollection);
setSorter(sorter, defaultSort, dataCollection);
setPagination(pagination, dataCollection);
return dataCollection.load();
}
/**
* Converts EntityFilter to antd table filters object.
* Useful e.g. to set the initial state of table filters when the table is loaded with a predefined EntityFilter.
*
* @param entityFilter
* @param fields - names of the entity properties displayed in the table.
* Allows to check the `EntityFilter.conditions` against the list of displayed fields and ensure that only
* the conditions related to the displayed fields are used.
*/
export function entityFilterToTableFilters(entityFilter: EntityFilter, fields?: string[]): Record<string, any> {
const tableFilters: Record<string, any> = {};
entityFilter.conditions.forEach(condition => {
if (isConditionsGroup(condition)) {
// ConditionsGroup cannot be represented in / changed via the table UI
return;
}
condition = condition as Condition;
// TODO @deprecated We might want to make `fields` parameter mandatory in the next major version
if (!fields || fields.indexOf(condition.property)) {
tableFilters[condition.property] = [JSON.stringify({
operator: condition.operator,
value: condition.value
})];
}
});
return tableFilters;
}
export function isConditionsGroup(conditionOrConditionsGroup: Condition | ConditionsGroup): boolean {
return 'conditions' in conditionOrConditionsGroup;
}
/**
* Determines whether a condition shall be preserved in `DataCollectionStore` when clearing table filters.
*
* @remarks
* Preserved conditions include `ConditionGroup`s and conditions on fields that are not displayed in the table.
* Effectively they act as invisible filters that cannot be disabled.
*
* @param condition
* @param fields - names of the entity properties displayed in the table
*/
export function isPreservedCondition(condition: Condition | ConditionsGroup, fields: string[]): boolean {
return isConditionsGroup(condition) || fields.indexOf((condition as Condition).property) === -1;
}
export function isPropertyTypeSupported(propertyInfo: MetaPropertyInfo): boolean {
const supportedAttributeTypes: string[] = ['ENUM', 'ASSOCIATION', 'COMPOSITION'];
const supportedTypes: string[] = [
'string',
'uuid',
'int', 'double', 'decimal', 'long',
'date', 'time', 'dateTime',
'localDate', 'localTime', 'localDateTime',
'offsetTime', 'offsetDateTime',
'boolean'
];
return supportedAttributeTypes.indexOf(propertyInfo.attributeType) > -1
|| supportedTypes.indexOf(propertyInfo.type) > -1;
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_568 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #!/bin/bash
echo "------ environment vars ------"
env | grep -i virtual
env | grep -i venv
PYTHON_MAIN=${PYTHON_MAIN:-~/app}
echo "PYTHON_MAIN=${PYTHON_MAIN}"
#########################################################################
#### ---- Customization for multiple virtual python environment ---- ####
#### (most recommended approach and simple to switch venv) ####
#########################################################################
#source ~/.bashrc
PYTHON_VERSION=3
##PYTHON_VERSION=3.6
PYTHON_EXE=`which python${PYTHON_VERSION}`
VIRTUALENV_EXE=`which virtualenv`
VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_SHELL=`which virtualenvwrapper.sh`
#### ---- root directory for venv setups ---- ####
export WORKON_HOME=~/Envs
echo "WORKON_HOME=${WORKON_HOME}"
if [ ! -d $WORKON_HOME ]; then
mkdir -p $WORKON_HOME
fi
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=${PYTHON_EXE}
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=${VIRTUALENV_EXE}
#### ---- no need if already source ---- ####
source ${VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_SHELL}
################################################################################
#### ---- Pre-load PIP modules for multiple virtual python environment ---- ####
################################################################################
#### ---- virtualenv setup ---- ####
## ----------------------- ##
## -- virtualenvwrapper -- ##
## ----------------------- ##
PYENV_VIRTUAL_ENV=${PYENV_VIRTUAL_ENV:-/home/developer/.pyenv/versions/myvenv}
VENV_DIR=$(basename ${PYENV_VIRTUAL_ENV})
mkvirtualenv -p ${PYTHON_EXE} ${VENV_DIR}
workon ${VENV_DIR}
## PIP install requiremented packages
if [ -s ${PYTHON_MAIN}/requirements.txt ]; then
pip3 install -r ${PYTHON_MAIN}/requirements.txt
fi
|
8634613_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | GRIER, Circuit Justice.
[This case was very summarily decided; being submitted without argument by (he respondent’s counsel. As the subject is of some interest the decision seems to have attracted public attention. In order to avoid the misapprehension so frequently attending off-hand reports of parol opinions, I have concluded to state more particularly the case and the reasons of my decision. The libel in this case is in a cause of contract. Holt, the libelant, claims a balance of account on his contract to supply coal to the steamboat Miantinomi, owned by the New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania Steamboat. Company. The respondents, the owners, in their answer, admit the contract with Holt to supply the boat with coal, and “that he pretended to furnish and deliver the amount of coal as stated in his account set forth in this libel, but did not in truth deliver said amounts nor to the value as stated, but *255rendered false weights to the amount of several hundred of pounds.
[It appears from the evidence, that after the libelant had continued for some time to deliver coal according to his contract, the agents of defendant’s began to observe a deficiency in weight, and that the same nominal amount of tons as then delivered, did not propel the boat so long as at first That this deficiency was found on weighing to amount to some two or three hundred pounds in everyton. In answer to this charge and by way of justification of his delivery of short measure, the libelant gave in evidence an agreement between himself and some other coal dealers, in December, 1855, to reduce the weight of the ton of coal from 2,240 pounds to 2,000 lbs., and to deliver to their customers thereafter that amount for a ton. How far the laborers, miners and carriers of coal, partook in the benefits of this resolution, does not appear, nor is it important to the decision of this case. It is true, that resolution contemplated a reduction of price in proportion to the reduction of weight. But whether from a mistake in their arithmetic, or for what other reason does not appear, the price was varied in the inverse ratio of the quantity. An inspection of the libelant’s account shows that while he delivered 2,240 lbs. to the ton, the charge varied from four dollars up to $4.90 and $5 per ton; but when he commenced to deliver at the short weight, the price varied from five up to $5.80.
[The case, then, is this, a contract is made for the coal at so much, (say the market price) per ton. Anthracite coal being a heavy article, and used in large quantities, the unit by which it is valued and sold is by the ton weight, and not by the measure or by the bushel, as is the custom with dealers in bituminous coal west of - the Allegheny mountains. This unit has from time immemorial been the representation, or supposed to be the synonym, for 2,240 lbs. avoirdupois. In the contract before us both parties used the term in that signification. No notice is given to the respondents that thereafter the unit quantity in the sale of coal was to be changed from the ton to t^ie pound, and that the vendor, instead of the ton which he had contracted to deliver, intended thereafter to deliver by the pound, and call 2,000 lbs. a ton, for convenience or calculation; and that while the price for a nominal ton was increasing from twenty to fifty per cent., the quantity was decreased by ten or eleven per cent. The defendants are left to discover this fact by the failure of the 2,000 lbs. to do the dúty of 2,400 lbs.] 2
It is almost superfluous to remark that as it requires the assent of both parties to- make a contract, it also requires the same consent to change it. It may be said, that as two multiplied by three will have the same product as three multiplied by two, the result will be the same either way, provided the price be diminished in proportion to the quantity. This is undoubtedly true; but it is not the case before us. The defendants finding the price increasing every few days, continue to pay the apparent market value under the supposition that they are receiving -their coal according to the unit of quantity and valuation, when they made the contract. If notice had been given them that eleven per cent, was to be added secretly to the price by this contrivance of diminishing the quantity, they might not have assented to it. And until they can be shown to have assented to it. they cannot be made its victim.
If the grocers in a particular street finding that it would add much to their profit in times of scarcity and high prices, to deliver flour and other provisions at the pound troy instead of the pound avoirdupois, as heretofore, and should conspire together to deliver thereafter but twelve ounces to the pound instead of sixteen, such conduct would receive no countenance from the public thus imposed upon, and in courts of justice would be treated as a fraud, and receive that appellation without seeking for a milder synonym.
Coal is a necessary of life in this climate, and unfortunately for the consumers, the demand has increased to such an extent as to put it in the power of those who supply it- to extort their own price. When its price was moderate, and the profits of the vendor merely remunerative, there were no schemes to reduce the quantity by changing the meaning of words to suit the rapacity of speculators. This scheme of reducing the quantity by ten per cent was not concocted till after prices had increased twenty-five per cent, and were proceeding up to fifty. When it was discovered that competition could not ehecli speculation on a necessary of life, the public were made the victims of this agreement, contrivance, conspiracy, or whatsoever it may be called.
My attention has been turned to an act of the Pennsylvania assembly passed in April, 1834, on the subject of “weights and measures.” [By this act it is stated that the “pound troy as kept at the mint of the United States should be the standard of weight — -that the pound avoirdupois should exceed the pound troy in weight in the proportion of 7,000 to 5,700 — that 25 pounds should'make a quarter and 2,000 pounds a ton.”] 2 For the purpose of the present case it may not be necessary to decide upon the power of any state legislature to make such an enactment. It was probably intended for the convenience of the officers on their public works. As approximating decimal divisions it is much more convenient for calculation when the pound is made the unit on which to compute price or value. In very many cases the pound and its decimal multiples have been adopted almost entirely instead of the old quarters, hundred weights and tons; just as *25625 feet has been adopted by engineers as tbe cubic yard instead of 27. But in all those cases' a change of language is made to suit this convenient change of multiple. Thus the engineer •would state on a contract for excavation the price at so much “per cubic yard of 25 feet.” So the terms “per 100 lbs.,” or “hundred neat,” are substituted for “ewt.,” which represents 112 lbs. And when the ton is used to represent, for convenience of calculation, 2,000 lbs., the contract should and usually does so state it as “per ton of 2,000 lbs.,” or “per ton neat.” But as coal and other cheap and heavy articles have never been sold by the pound as a unit for calculating its price, but by the ton, convenience of calculation has never required, nor has custom sanctioned any reform (so called) or change in the amount so represented by this unit. Accordingly, notwithstanding, that this act of the legislature was passed more than twenty years ago, it has never been adopted in practice in the sale of coal and other heavy articles whose unit of calculation is usually by the ton and not by the pound.
The congress of the United States having the power to regulate commerce between the several states, it was of great importance that the value of money and the standard of weights and measures should be uniform. Accordingly their regulation is intrusted to congress. Every change or innovation by the several states would tend only to increase confusion and difficulty. This duty intrusted to congress, seems apparently to have been much neglected. I find no legislation on the subject by congress, except in the act of May 19th, 1828, c. 67, where it is enacted that “the brass troy pound weight, procured by the minister of the United States at London, in the year 1827, for the use of the mint, and now in the custody of the director thereof, shall be the standard troy pound of the mint of the United States.” As the English standard of weights and measures had been adopted by long custom in every state, it was, perhaps, unnecessary for congress to interfere further than it has done. For as the standard of the London tower weights, and the English terms or denomina; tions used to represent their fractions and multiples, were universally adopted in the United States, and of course uniform, nothing was required of congress, unless it entirely changed its standard and introduced decimal fractions and multiples for greater facility of calculation, as it has done in our coin. Whether this uniformity of weights and measures has been established by custom or congressional legislation, it is evident that any interference of state legislation to change either the standard of weights or the meaning of the terms used to represent its multiples or fractions, is not only useless but injurious. Accordingly, the provisions of this act of assembly have remained a dead letter, and it is practically obsolete so far as concerns the standard ton. It compels no one, nor could it do so, to adopt its use of language. Men may contract either with or without its sanction to make the pound their unit, and to sell at so much per 100 lbs. — or so much for 2,000 lbs., and they may call it, or any other multiple of a pound, a ton, if the parties to the contract agree to do so. A deduction must be made as claimed by the defendants on their theory that 2,240 lbs., and not 2,000 lbs., are a ton.
[From 3 Pittsb. Leg. J. 20.]
[From 3 Pittsb. Leg. J. 20.].
|
github_open_source_100_1_569 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /** Créditos: https://github.com/xamarinhq/app-evolve **/
using System;
using Xamarin.Forms;
namespace Parallax.Controls
{
public class ParallaxControl : ScrollView
{
public ParallaxControl()
{
Scrolled += (sender, e) => Parallax();
}
public static readonly BindableProperty ParallaxViewProperty =
BindableProperty.Create(nameof(ParallaxControl), typeof(View), typeof(ParallaxControl), null);
public View ParallaxView
{
get { return (View)GetValue(ParallaxViewProperty); }
set { SetValue(ParallaxViewProperty, value); }
}
double height;
public void Parallax()
{
if (ParallaxView == null || Device.RuntimePlatform == "Windows" || Device.RuntimePlatform == "WinPhone")
return;
if (height <= 0)
height = ParallaxView.Height;
var y = -(int)((float)ScrollY / 2.5f);
if (y < 0)
{
//Move a imagem no eixo Y em uma fração da posição Y do ScrollView.
ParallaxView.Scale = 1;
ParallaxView.TranslationY = y;
}
else if (Device.RuntimePlatform == "iOS")
{
//Calcula uma escala que iguala a altura x scroll.
double newHeight = height + (ScrollY * -1);
ParallaxView.Scale = newHeight / height;
ParallaxView.TranslationY = -(ScrollY / 2);
}
else
{
ParallaxView.Scale = 1;
ParallaxView.TranslationY = 0;
}
}
}
}
|
londonquarterly21unkngoog_43 | English-PD | Public Domain | If deficient in some of the seven periods of the ecclesiologists,* it is fruitful in undoubt- ed Saxon specimens ; aifd the Lancet is the peculiar characteristic of the parochial chan- cels. The Western division is said to con- tain more examples of this than any other county. Take as specimens of the first (1066-1145) Worth, with its external string- course masonry supported by pilasters, which gives us probably the most complete ground- plan extant of any Saxon church; and Sompt- ing and Bosham ; of the latter (1190-1245), Climping and Ditchling, parts of West Tarring, and Fietching, with its graduated nave. Old and New Shoreham, Steyning, and Newhaven, almost a copy of Yainville sur Seine, and unique for its eastern apse, projecting from the tower, without any in- termediate chancel, are fine specimens of the Norman ; as are of the Transitional, Pid ding- hoe and parts of Broadwater, Eastbourne and Bishopstone, with its baluster-windowed tower. In the Geometrical, ranging from 1245 to 1315, and the Perpendicular (1360- 1550), the county is undoubtedly poor ; yet even here it can boast, in the former period, of Pevensey, and St. Thomas at Winchelsea, with its fine Aland tombs ; and in the latter, of Arundel and Pulborough, Poynings, with its central tower, and May- field, which St. Dunstan, according to the popular superstition, shouldered into its pro- per * orientation ;' whilst in the curvilinear (1315-1360), it has produced Etchingham (built by Sir W. de Etchingham) and Alfris- ton. The dates and styles of the Sussex churches may be thus classified ; it is more difficult to group them, as regards their ma- terials, forms, and contents. Thus, in sc^e parts of the county, we find them built of fl'mts and chalk, in others of sandstone, and in some wholly of shingle. In some we have them cruciform, in some the towers are round, in some the apaeSy whibt in the eastern divi- sion spires are more frequent, *to enable them,' it is said, * to be seen above the woods.' Generally they consist of nave, chancel, and west tower, but in some the tower is cen- tral ; in a few eastern, while several add a * Bom at Little Horsted, 1795 ; died 1838. • See Willis's 'Arohiteotural History of Gbiohes- ter OothedraL' Digitized by VjUUVIC 24 BUM€X. July, north and so^ith transept, and some either a north or south aisle, or both. Shingled stee- ples are a general feature. Few tracts present such scenes of interest for the ornithologist as the cheerless flats of Pagham, or the levels of Pevensey. Not to mention the grand, heroic eagle-owls of Arundel ; or the stately heronry at Parham ; or the raven's clump at Petworth ; or that dainty morsel, the unsociable wheatear, nev- er seen to flock, and never met with west of Aran, or the multitude of other migratory birds whose marvellous instincts and annual habits may be better noticed here than any- where else — what strange visitors of un- common plumage may not here be met with ! If Mr. Markwick has been too sanguine in reckoning golden eagles among the number, at least the sea eagle has been seen or taken at Holly combe, Rottingdean, and Pevensey. That grand bird the great bustard can hardly be said to have been long extinct, for Gil- bert White himself observed it on the Downs; and five-and-twenty years ago it was undoubt- edly seen at Blatchington ; while, of the Fal- conidcB the merlin in the vast woods, the hobby on the vaster bleak sea-shingle, and the peregrine in the cliffs, are common deni- zens. And who shall number the Naiato- res: the ospreys and the golden-eyes, the hoopers and brent-geese, the pochards and scaup-ducks, which the bard winter presses periodically into the great feeding-grounds and quiet resting-places of Pagham ? Let us go for these to the fascinating pages of Mr. Knox, and hold our breath as we learn to stalk them under his guidance. Sussex has never lacked faithful men of let- ters to do her honour. Among her antiqua- ries the palm must undoubtedly be awarded to Sir William Burrell. As we turn over those fifteen folio volumes of MSS. which he bequeathed to the British Museum, we actu- ally seem to have before us all the inden- tures, pedigrees, and manorial records which the county could ever have possessed. Mr. Dallaway, Mr. Cartwright, and Mr. Hemey have laboured skilfully in the same cause ; Mr. Horsfield has written on the entire county ; whilst Mr. Blaauw's and Mr. Low- er's contributions on detached county sub- jects, but of more than local interest, are very profitable reading : we know of noth- ing more pleasantly told than the * Battle of Hastings' by the latter. The works which stand at the head of our article furnish still more recent evidence of the interest which Sussex topography and archaeology excite. The * Collections' of the Sussex Archaeologi- cal Society now extend to thirteen goodly octavo volumes. They are among the best and most interestmg works of the sort with which we are acquainted, and will snpplj invaluable materials to the future hisloriu of the county ; for a good and complete his- tory of Sussex is still a desideratum. Nor must we forget an useful compendium on the attractions of its seaboard by the Rev. Mackenzie Walcott Mantell's account of the Sussex geology is of course known and prized by all. Afler all this, will it not be said. What an Elysium must Sussex be ! It appears to possess, as the advertisers say, every reqtn- site for either residence or investment. But are you sure there are no drawbacks? Yes, one, — with all our love for it, we must ad- mit it has, — ^MUD ; and this said naud is really a more serious thing than would at first sight appear. Fuller complained in the sixteenth century of the badness of its roads.* De- foe, after travelling through all the counties, tells us that the road from Tun bridge was the ' deepest and dirtiest' in all that part of England ; and hereabouts it was, not &r from Lewes, that he describes a sight ^hich he had never seen in any other part of Eng- land, *' that going to church at a country vil- lage he saw an ancient lady, and a lady of very good quality, drawn to church in her coach with six oxen, nor was it either A^ lie or humour, but mere necessity .'f Tbs Hand-book (p. xxxiii.) cites a very lament- able account of the journey (in 1708) of Prince George of Denmark from Godalro- ing, through the Sussex mud, to Petworth, to meet Charles VI. of Spain. ^ The last nine miles of the way,' says the reporter, 'cost ua six hours to conquer them.' At a later date, Horace Walpole J calls Sussex * a fruit- ful county but very dirty for travellers, so that it may be better measured, by day's journeys than by miles ; whence it was, that in a late order for regulating the wages of coachmen at such a price a day's journey from London, Sussex alone was excepted, as wherein shorter way or better pay was allowed.' In these days of railroads, express trains, excursion trains, mail trains, parliamentary trains, luggage trains, and special trains, there is no great difficulty in making a tour in Sussex, without any very great outlay of expense or time. } * Letters to Montagu,' ed. OonnioghanL vol it p. 178. Digi^zed by VjUOV it ^S«2. Sussea^ 26 pleasure led them into that terrible Rlough of despond. Not much more than one hun- dred years ago, * the Judges in the spring circuits dared venture no further into the county than to the border towns of Hors- hain atkd Elast Grinstead to hold their assiz- es, leaving it to jurymen, prosecutors, and Tvitnesses who lived in the county, to find tbeir way to those places as.best they could.' Ill 1771 Doctor John Burton, who wrote a journal of his travels, asks the following question of his friend : — * Why,' says he, Ms it that the oxen, the swine, the women, and all other animals, are so long-legged in Sus- sex 1 May it be from the difficulty of pull- ing the feet out of so much mud by the strengdi of the ankle that the muscles get stretched as it were, and the bones lengthen- ed Y The Reverend Doctor does not like the dinners better than the roads ; he says, * tbej also cook a certain lump of barley- meal, looking much like mud itself, and hardened like iron, offering it at meals in- stead of bread : these you will find univers- ally.' Notwithstanding their long legs, the I>octor says, *you would probably admire the women if you saw them, as modest in coun- tenance, and fond of el^ance in their dress, bat, at the same time, fond of labour, and experienced in household matters, both by nature and education better bred and more intellectual generally than the men.' Nor have things much mended even now, so far as the country roads are concerned. The soil is too discouraging, the stone on the spot too bad, the good stone at a dis- tance too expensive to * carry,' so that the Highway Act remains a dead letter in most of the parishes, transgressed and impotent. This ungenial quality of its soil seemed to Dr. Burton to infect the manners of its gen- try, whom he describes as * armigeros incul- to8 simplicesque, patriarcharum ritu in Bu- eolicis atque Georgicis unice versatos, mori- bus et institutis, perinde ac operibus, rusti- 000 ; tum disoiplinse Academics tum urbani- tatam vestrarum Londinensium prorsus ru- des.'* Although the squirearchy of Sussex no longer merits this aspersion, if it ever did, we still incline to believe that an unusual Areadianism pervades the manners, and some- thing Boeotian the intellects, of the lower orders; the result, it may be, of all this mud, and hill, and bog, and forest : of which Boeotian element the recent acquittal by a Sussex jury of the murderer of the poor Chi- chester student, in the teeth of the judge's perspicuous statement of the law, is by no means the least precious specimen. Strange, that the county which next par- * 'Iter Sorriense et Snssezieiise,' p. 58. haps to Kent, has had the greatest opportu- nities for civilization, is one whioh, whether we look at the number of its uncultivated acres, or the wildness of its scenery, or the primitive manners of its people, must be reckoned (in many portions of it) as still among the least advanced in England ; whilst it is an historical fact that it was among the last parts of the island which embraced Christianity. The district known generally as that of the ' South Downs,' and to the natives as * the hill country,' though perhaps strictly extend- ing only from Eastbourne to Shoreham, may be said, in a popular sense, to occupy a por- tion of the county from the Hampshire bor- der on the west to Eastbourne on the east, of some fifty or sixty miles in length, with an average width of not more than from five to six. It is intersected (for it is a charac- teristic of the chalk formation to have trans- verse fissures) by four principal rivers, the Adur, the Arun, the Ouse, and the Cuck- mere ; each traversing from north to south a valley of its own, and having the peculiar- ity of both rising and terminating within the county. Its northern escarpment is everywhere the highest, reaching in some parts to nearly 900 feet above the sea-level ; whilst its general configuration is that of a succession of graceful undulations. We know not a more tranquillizing scene for the over-wrought brain to rest upon than the prospect from the Downs on a fine sum- mer day — the true Copley Fielding land- scape ; here the many twinkling smiles of ocean, always a feast to look upon ; thdre the slow-yoked oxen, with tbeir peaceful pace and low -bent necks, teaching us, in these fevered days of steam and electricity, a very lesson of patience and humUity ; there the bleating flocks, browsing the sweet short pasture, with their minutest wants cared for, and their least wanderings restrained, by that ever watchfiil and sagacious guard- ian, who, though Colonel Hamilton Smith may not have honoured him with a page among his canine worthies, lives and breathes so beautifully under the touch of a Landseer and a Devis* — the English sheep-dog. Gilbert Whitef observed this remarkable peculiarity — that * from the westward of the Adur all the sheep have horns, smooth white faces, and white legs. As soon as you pass that river, and mount Beeding Hill, all the flocks at once become hornless, or, as they call them, poll-sheep, and have, moreover, black faces with a white tuft of wool on their * A local artist celebrated for his sketches of rural scenes, t * Nataral History of Selbome' (ed. JesBeX p. 1*72. 9u$9ex. J«Jy, foreheads, and speckled and spotted I^; so that you woald think the flocks of Laban were pasturing on one side of the stream, and the variegated breed of Jacob were can- toned on the other. If you talk with the shepherds on the subject, they tell you that the case has been so from time immemorial, and smile at your complacency if you ask them whether the situation of these breeds might not be reversed.* Mr. White, if he were now alive, would be led to think dif ferently ; but, be this as it may, that slender boundary has separated the two districts known as East and West Sussex, as to the maimers of its humbler classes, as effectual- ly, it has been said, as some mountain range or trackless forest. No allusion to the great county character- istic— its beautiful flocks — would be com- plete without mentioning the respected name of John Ell man, who not only did more than any other single person to improve the Southdown breed, which in consequence of that improvement has now spread widely over the country, but who also raised the whole character of Sussex husbandry, which, according to Arthur Young,* had not, in his earlier days, one feature of excellence to re- commend it. Nature has given to Sussex an unkindly soil, which the resources of art, aided by the enterprise of even such landlords as the late Duke of Richmond and the Earls of Egre- inont, Chichester, and Sheflield, have not overcome. Parts of it, however, must be excepted — as, for instance, the rich loam of the sea -coast around Littlehampton and Bognor, the * garden of Sussex' (many par- ishes in which grow forty bushels of wheat to the acre), and the fertile clay of the range which intervenes between the Weald and the Downs. Even the Weald — a considerable portion of which was not many years ago pronounced ' incorrigible,' where the farmers are poorest — now produces handsome crops of wheat, besides excellent crops of clover and winter tares. It might, probably, also grow root-crops. Wealden clay, however, is essentially a wheat soil ; to it the farmer gives all his manure, besides a summer's fal- low, though this, when too much trusted to, has been called *• dressing with the plough- share.' Much has already been done for the county by draining, under-draining, the cul- tivation of roots, the use of modem map chinery and suitable manures ; and when the fiurmer has thrown down the useless fences, grubbed-np the worse than useless ' shaws,' which now (to use an expressive local phrase) * house in' hb small enclosures, taken out * The Secretary of the Board of Agriooltore. shigle trees, which are more injurious thm a whole wood, and brought his inferior pas- tures into cultivation, he will And things still better for him. The changes we have meo- tioned, together with the Poor Law Amend- ment Act and the cessation of smuggling, have already most materially improved the condition of the peasantry. The upper portion of the chalk &>rmatk)iL which comprises the Downs, is separated, ge- ologically, into two divisions ; the first con- taining the chalk with flints and tJie chalk without flints (the latter diaracterised by i finer texture and grayer colour) ; the lower strata comprehending, in well-marked de- posits, the chalk, marl, and firestone, which, again, rest on a bed of gault and« lower green-sand. These strata have be^i evident- ly all deposited in the basin of an imm^»e and profound ocean, teeming with oountless forms of animal life, whose fosul remains, found in the most perfect state of preserva- tion imaginable, testify to the gentle and fradual operation of that great process of [ature which, in remote ages, consolidated them. As we get further into the county, oUier great geological formations engage our at- tention. Throughout the north- and east rans a vast bed of clay, or marl, known as tiie Weald^i clay, undergirded by a bed of sand, in which the ironstone was found ; the ooe remarkably favourable for forest-timber, and holding the Sussex marble; the other for its picturesque, though barren, appearance ; and both showing by their organic remains that they have been produced by the action of liver currents, and not by the wavea of the ocean ; whilst on the south of the Downs, and up the valleys and levels of the riveca, occur still newer deposits. Thus, beginning with the lower and most ancient strata, we have the iron-sand, including the beds of ironstone, the Hastings, Tilgate, and A^ bumham beds (the highest point in which is Crowborough Hill), then the Weald or Oak Tree day, containing embedded within it twenty different sorts of shells, fishes of a peculiar character, reptiles of various genera, including tortoises, crocodiles, and odier saurians (of which the most remarkable is the herbivorous isuanodon), together with some remains of we order of wading-birds, though, as yet, no bones of mammalia have been observed in it. The vegetable renudos are chiefly ferns, cycadese, and conifere. Above the Wealden comes the chalk, and over it asain the tertiary formation, show- ing Stoneh^ge sandstone (large boulders of siliceous sandstone frequently found among the hills^l ; the plastic day (of which the Castle Hill at Newhaven, and Chimting Bill 1862. Su$9ex. 21 near Seaford, are good specimens) ; and, last- ly, the London clay. To these succeed, final- ly, the newest deposits, comprising the dila- vial, or those which are tiie effects of causes no longei* actiye, and the alluvial, or those which are occasioned by such as are still in operation.* To each of the above geological divisions of the county belongs, as might be expected, a distinct! ve^/Iora of its own. On the Weald, indeed, Nature seems to have lavished her choicest gifls, as if in kindly compensation for the many disadvantages of its mire and sloughs in winter, and its thirsty lands in summer ; its wild flowers are proverbially gorgeous in their hues, and magnificent in their size. Where else shall we see the merry - hearted school - children returning with such pretty loads of primroses and cowslips? where else do the self sown ferns dress out dank lanes with festoons more elegant than South Kensington prizemen shall ever arrange for a diner d la Russe ? On the levels and valleys of the rivers we gather a different but hardly less bright and variegated nos^ay of water plants. On the Downs the species seem dwarfed, but are still most beautifiil. What, for example, can compare with the golden blaze of their gorse for spring-tide splendour 1 what, for exqui- site pencilling, with the lowly eyebright, the blue gentians, or pink centaury with its yel- low eyel whilst on the barren moors of the sandy districts the ling spreads colour and rich glowing hues over thousands of acres : hence many a tint dear to the landscape- painter, and the mellow distance fading into a purple haze. No county, not excepting Kent, retains its Saxonisms more than Sussex, whether we r^rd the names of places, things, or per- sons. But we must caution our Sussex friends — the ^Sussexienses Sussexiensium' — that in their zeal to uphold the reputation of their countrymen as grammarians, they do not press their o^ims too far. We will not question that, even in its apparently un- grammatical forms — e, ^., in the preterite of ▼erhs, as in * catched,' ' blowed,' and * choos- ed,* for * caught,* * blew,' and * chose,' and in some irregularities of the imperfect, as in |dad' for *did,' *rid' for 'rode,' *holp'for * helped'— the Sussex dictionary may be the Daost classically correct. Yet when we con- ^der the • phonetic decay' which the Queen's English has undergone in the mouths of the wilway porters of the nineteenth century, ^th all their polish, we may well believe «at many differences between Ae Sussex ♦8ee 'Manteirs Geology of the South-Bast of England,' chap. 2. dialect and ordinary English are mere vul- garisms. We doubt whether Horsemowncey, Tissus, Waddus, and Fowington, for Herst- monceux, Ticehurst, Wadhurst, and Fdlk- ington, are not matched by the unspellable corruptions which assail our ears, as we travel down the Brighton line, for * Crawley, Fay gate, Horsham, Rowfant, or East Grin- stead.' The truth is, that many words which our glossaries have collected are not venerable archaisms, but illiterate mispro- nunciations, and many of them are not pe- culiar to the county. Thus we cannot think that such words as the following deserve the place which has been assigned to them by Mr. Durant Cooper* amonff Sussex pro- vincialisms: 'afeardt,' 'arguify,' *arter' (for after), * barnacles,' * beck' (a stream), * bould- er' (a searshore stone), 'brakes,' * callow,' ' clod-hopper,' * cozey,' * croft,' ' hob,' ' row- ings' (after-grass), * rut,' *rum' (queer), ' strand' (a twist of horsehair), * terrify' (to worry), * to-do' (subs.), * tol-lol,' * top-sawyer,' ' wallop,' and many others. However, those who relish a smack of the true Sussex vernacular we will indulge with a stanza or two from * Tom Clod pole's Jour- ney to Lunnun, written in pure Sussex Dog- gerel by his Uncle Tim,' leaving it to the learned reader to attribute it to either the most high-bred Saxonism or the lowest patois : — ^ For sister Qal five years ago Went off with Squjer Brown; Housemaid, or Bummut ; don't know what, To live at LaooaD Town. Day liav'd unoommon well to Sal, Ad ge' or clothes an dat ; So Sal 'hav'd nasbnn well to them, And erow'd quite tall and fat. * » ♦ » A liddle alass stood dose by ; Thinks I, Til go in here. Ad git, ye see, a coger bike Ov good breooheese and beer. * « « « Now west aot was, I oud'ot read De letters od de poet ; So sometimes I went roan about An otherwile was lost' And when Tim got to Crayton (Croydon) town, he asked an ostler for a bed : — ' 01 mate I cum a tejus way, As far as I be able ; ni trate ya wnd a pot o' beer To let me in yoar stable. " Why yaliP, ya seem a 'onest man," The stable chap did say, ♦ See Mr. W. D. Cooper's ' ^_ Provindalisma' (2nd ed.). digitized 28 Sussex^ Jniy, " Ya may lay down in dat dere pen, AmoDff dat ffood eoth hay." ♦ ♦ ♦ « * Sum Bed I wad o1 leather legs ; Sum pointed to ma hat, An ax'd ma nf a swarm of bees Was- hoosen under dat.' Of course, there has always been plenty of folk-lore in Sussex. What county has it not 1 and perhaps from the simple, back- ward, manners of the people it has lingered longer here than in more advanced districts. There are the pretty legends of the fays (or 'pharisces,* as the common people called them) leading their mazy dances, under the pale moonbeams, over the dark green rings which are so characteristic of the Downs ; and of the forest ' lilies of the valley,' sown and renewed ever by the fertilising blood which Sl Leonard, hermit and confessor, the patron of prisoners and travellers,* shed in his great battle with the dragon. And still the proverb holds that his unmusical soul proscribed sweet Philomel, who cannot therefore sing within his woodland solitudes. Cuckoo Fair, at Heathfield, every 14th of April, is still so called because in popular romance that harbinger of spring was then and there first heard out of an old woman's basket. Some few people still believe that 'magpies are shoed' at Piddinghoe. And good Sussex folk still k)ve to show you, at May field, the veritable tongs with which Dunstan plied the nasal organ of his ad- versary, till its sulphurous composition, yielding to the heat, sent the saint headlong to the ground to slake the iniplements of his trade in the neighbouring ' Wells.' But all these visions of the past are fast fading away before our unromaniic Iron Times. In the local nomenclature, besides the com- mon Anglo-Saxon termination ton (exempli- fied in Alfriston, Alciston, Dallington), hurst (a ' wood which yields food for caitle'), whe- ther as a prefix or suffix (as Ticehurst, Wad- hurst, Crowhurst, Herstmonceux, Hurstpier- point), let/ (a * plain near a wood '), as in Hel- lingfey, Chiddingfey, East Hoath/cy (always with the accent on the last syllable), natur- ally prevail in the Weald, as also do, from the undulating character of the county, the final den or dean (a * sheltered place') — as in East Dean, West Dean, Rottingdean, Ovingdean, — and combe (a * trough-like valley,' as in Bar- combe, Pilcombe), and, from the extent of ♦ See * Butler's Lives of the Saints/ vol. ii. p. 822. There was in the north-east of the forest a chapel to St Leonard, which probably gave name to the forest, ihrouKh which oae of the mam roads passed that was frequented by travellera to and trom the Con- tinent its seaboard, ey (Msland' or *niarsli*), as Selsey, Pevensey (the Seal's Island, Peofh'i Island), Ac. Of ham (' house or manor') — according to the old proverb one of the most common suffixes in English topography — the county has its average number ; thus we have Horsham, or the manor of Horsa, brother of Hengist (according to the local tradition), or perhaps a corruption of Hurst- ham; Shoreham, Eartham, Hamsey (die house by the water), Graff bam, and noany others. One other termination should be mentioned — that in 'ing' — which oceurs with unusual frequency in Sussex, especially along the coast. It is the Saxon indicatioii of ' son-ship' or descent ; and, where * ham' is added, marks the site of a primitive set- tlement Thus Beddingham is the settle- ment of the sons of Beda. Oflen the ad- ditional syllable has been dropped for brev- ity. The prefixes have been well classified into those which indicate some former pro- prietorship of the place, some mythological personage, some historical allusion to ev^its which happened there, some topographical feature, or some natural object, animal, mineral, or vegetable. From those thus accounted for by derivation from the v^e- table world, we may learn also somewhat of the sylva of our county. Thus in AA- down and Ashburnham, Ashhurst -and Ash- ington, is recognised the * war-like ash' of Drayton ; in Buckhurst, his ' softer beeoh.' The holly and hazel, the willow and the birch, Drayton's other wood-nymphs, are also marked in the county vocabulary. Tha yews of Crowhurst and Herstmonceux churchyards, the oaks at Catsfield and in Sheffield Park (though perhaps inferior to their Panshanger rival in Hertfordshire), and the old decayed border elm at Crawley, will vie with individual specimens from any county. And now, leaving the world of antiquity and romance, we must invite our reader in a matter of fact sort of^way to accompany us at the rate of some twenty or twenty- five miles for ten or twelve days together; whilst, beginning from the little border town of Elmsworth, we seek to make gi>od the ffround to the eastern limits of the county, J'or the which, if he has gained, as we our- selves did in the summerless summer of 1860, some useful hints for bis tour at the annual gathering of that learned Society whose Collections figure at the head of our article, he will be all the better prepared ; even though with us he may have lamented the exchange which that fraternity has made of its wonted ^ad portas^ oration on its favourite art for a long and heavy dinner. The county ^d^j^at^in^^y irom 186d. Sussex. 29 Hants in the little stream of the Ems, "^Fhich gives its name to the modest but im- proving village which is our starting-point. "We will strike northward along its pleasant l>snk3 to the village of Westboume, whose name describes the one limit, as Eastbourne does the other, of the Down district. As 'we lean over the bridge which spans that dancing brook, bright as crystal, weedy but pebble-bottomed, and full of rapids, we can fancy ho^ its late rector learned here, as in miniature, to love the waters * of the Erne,' 'whose ' Legends' he so well portrayed ; and bow he went forth from his quiet parsonage to confront town mobs on Brighton plat forms, and throw down the gauntlet for the Church he loved so well." Alas I his stout heart will trouble them no more. By the polished marbles of St. Mary Church over- looking the waters of Tor-bay — no unfitting resting-place — he is gathered to his fathers. This said little Ems is a wayward stream- let, and we have to cross and recross it so often, that we forget at last which county vre are in, before we can make either that imposing old ruin in the lowlands, or that tempting fir^ump on the hill-top, which is to be the beginning of our Down walk, and is yclept * Bow Hill.' The old ruin, how- ever — Racton Tower — is disappointing enough. It is useful as a beacon, seen far over the levels, for ships in the intricate navigation of Thorney Isle or Selsey Bill, and b interesting as having been erected by Lord Halifax,* the owner of Stanstead Park, in the domains of which it stands, — but that is all. A dash across some boggy meadows would seem to plant us on the * Hill ' in no time ; but we must be patient, and fall back, after a fruitless flounder in them, to retrace the high-road, till a legiti- mate footpath appears, and to ruminate on the moral law that the old established way is generally the safest. * Bow' Hill, we opine, was so called rather from its shape than from the arms which lie buried there. Earthworks there are — ^verit- ^ble British ones — lai^e enough to contain anything, and testifying, there is little doubt, by the remains which have long since mould- ered there, to the deadly battle which was waged in yonder valley, Kingley Bottom, between the men of Sussex and the pirate Danes. But the whole contour of the hill is so like its name, that one need not search &rther for a meaning. However this may be, here the savans and holyday folk alike • George Dank, Earl of Halifex, Buooessively Lord-Li6uteQaiit of Ireland and Secretary of State temp. George III., against whom Wilkes obtained a verdict for 4000iL for the seizure of his papers. repair from Chichester all the summer long to dig or pic-nio to their hearts' content: and verily a charming summer rooming's ramble from the venerable old city there, six miles off, it is, this same hill-top, wilh its sheer' turf sides and the chalk patches which give such exaggerated steepness and picturesque baldness to them, and that black forest of yews, birch, and thorns below, growing so rampantly in the 1^ of the horse-shoe dell which eats &r into the heart of the old hill. Following the sinuosities of the * Bow,' we traverse the extreme north-west verge of the county, and one of its wildest por- tions, as far as the beautiful seat of the Featherstonhaughs — formerly of the Earls of Tankerville — Up Park, where the broken ground, and park, straggling in unrestrained communion with down and heather far be- yond the palings which confine its deer, give a chaoe-like appearance to the scene. The house contains a superb collection of Sevres china, now of Enormous value. But this is inaccessible to ordinary tourists; and after satisfying ourselves of the glories of the prospect, including, in the south. Lady Holt Park, long the residence of the royalist Carylis, temp. Charles I., and in the fore- f round, Littlegreen, lately occupied by Mr. ustice Erskine, in the distance the Solent, Spithead, and St. Helen's, and on the north that remarkable view of the whole Weald (which we shall henceforth command in dif- ferent varieties from this side the Downs, during the remainder of our tour) — a stiff walk awaits us in every direction ere we can hope to end our evening and talk over the events of the day at any decent hostelry. So nothing remams for it but to breast with a good heart Beacon, and Marden, and Bart- ing Downs, — Harting, the rectory of Car- dinal Pole, — and hasten through Cocking, ere sunset (for the Downs are ugly custom- ers afler dark), to the snug- little borough of Midhurst — the country of the Poynizes and the Egmonts. Hard by Midhurst (at whose grammar- school Sir C. Lyell was educated), and em- bracing the little town, as a great place ought, with its ancestral timber rising among the cottages of the poor, Her Majesty's high- way running without pale or hedge through a noble deer park, stand the remains of Cowdray House, the home of the Monta- gues, where Queen Elizabeth in 1591 killed three or four deer with her crossbow, while on a visit to Lord Montague, who, all papist as he was, brought a troop of two hundred horse to the Queen at Tilbury, commanded bv himself, his son, and his grandson, * when Europe stood by in perfect suspense to be- 80 SiMseoL Jolf, hold wbat the crafl of Rome, the power of Philip, and the genius of Farnese could achieve' by the Invincible Armada 'against the Island Queen with her Drakes and Ce- cils.'* Three deaths in one family by drowning, and the almost total destruction of a fine mansion by fire, within the mem- ory of living man, are enough to make one tread its beautiful grounds with feelings of awe, and to invest it with a superstitious melancholy. Three hundred years ago, how- ever, there was no more festive house in England, when * three oxen and 140 geese' figured in its bill of fare for breakfast The then proprietor was a strict disciplinarian, and the ' Orders and Rules of Sir Anthony Browne' curiously illustrate the domestic economy of a great man's family in the six- teenth century, especially as regards its im- portant departments of the *ewerye' and the * buttrye,' and those pet officers, * my Sewer' and 'my Carver.' 'Sir,' said Dr. Johnson, when he visited Cowdray from Brighton, ' I should like to ^tay here four- and-twenty hours. We see here how our ancestors lived.' It is worthy of remark, that Cowdray is one of the numerous ma- nors in the county where the custom of Borough English, or descent of lands to the youngest instead of the eldest son, prevails; and we may judge how that custom obtains in Sussex beyond other counties, by no- ting that, whilst in Suffolk there are but 30 manors so regulated, in Surrey 28, and in Wai'wickshire 2, here there are no fewer than 140. And beyond Cowdray lies princely Pet- worth, the home of the Percys, Seymours, and Wyndhams, with its antique marbles, modern busts and statuary, and choice Gib- bons wood carvings, and Hotspur's sword ; its magnificent park, 'Percy to the back- bone,' in Walpole's words; and its once stately stables, ' the best of any subject's in Christendom, affording standing in state for three score horses, with all necessary accommodation.' The real glory of Pet- worth, however, is its vast and superb col- lection of pictures. Scarcely an artist of name is unrepresented. Here is one of the finest Claudes in the world; and some remarkable landscapes by Turner, Claude's great modern rival. Probably no house in England can boast of more genuine por- traits by Vandyke; famous men and noble ladies, in whose all but living pres^ice we are fairly carried back to the days of cava- lier plumes and perfumed ' love-locks.' The numerous modem pictures in the great North Gallery were collected for the most * Hallam's 'ConaUt Hiit./ vol I p. 162. part by the Earl of Egremont — whose liberality, in matters relating to art, did not expire with himself. The Petworih colleo- tions — of the utmost value and interest to the student — are at all times accessi ble. Retracing our steps to the summit of Cocking Hill, and skirting the north side of Singleton Forest, we now enter the Good- wood property, passing below us ia quick succession Graff ham, Dunford House, built by Mr. Cobden (himself a native of Sus- sex), on an estate presented to him by the Anti-Com-Law League, and Barlavington, and Woolavington,* the Bishop of Oxford's country-seat, (with Burton Park in the more distant foreground], not unobservant of the Bishop's wire-ienced pinus and cork- screw wooden observatory in the wood ol Teglease, and descending into the turnpike road from Chichester to Petworth at the eighth milestone in the lone village of Up- waltham. Here we should deflect once more from beaten tracks, keeping close under some delicious woodland banks, be- neath fir belts and larch plantations, until w^ find ourselves, after a two miles' walk, at the Duke of Richmond's lodges on Piliey Green, and on the verge of the far-fam^ racecourse. This splendid course, taking jaded Loo* don out of itself in the weary dog days, has acquired a pre-eminence for which the racing world is entirely indebted to the en- terprise of the late Duke. The hill is sin- gularly adapted for the purpose. Situate TOO feet above the sea-level, and possessing an unbroken landscape in every direction, it catches each perfumed breeze that is wafi- ed from land or sea. Here, when all Nature elsewhere languishes, the boundless expanse of turf and seaboard brings mo- mentary freedom and elasticity to the most careworn. It is unlike Epsom, it is unlike Ascot; you feel you are in a nobleman's domains, and if not his invited guest, at least a permitted trespasser. On the south — the prevailing quarter from which the vegetable world of Sussex turns instinctive- ly— ^affording shelter enough for allcomers^ either from the partial thunder - shower or regular down-pour, runs a tdl dark grove of firs. On the western extremity of the course rises the stately Grand Stand, not the conspicuous buildiDg which travel- lers who look to the well known hill from the carriages of the South-Coast Railway take it for, but concealed under covert of the grove ; whilst the singular conical hill * Barlavington, the ton or endosord of Barkf- Woolavington, the ton of Ulaf. See Kemble'k »Angk> Saxons.' Dig.ized by V^UU^IC 186& Suuex. 31 known as the Book's Truuciall (a comip- tioD probably of Roundali and St. Roobe), faoop-shaped and double trenched, proudly flanks the whole. The course is a horse- shoe, like Epsom ; so that the spectators may command a view of all the running, but so bold a ravine divides its extremities that no cross-country cavalcade can be pre- sent here, as there, at both the starting and whming posts. Goodwood House, or as it was anciently called Godinwood, probably from the Sax- on Godwinus, purchased by Charles Duke of Richmond from the Northampton family a century and a half ago, possesses no architectural pretensions ; the present build- ing is only an addition to a former hunting- seat. Yet here the (alas ! late) Duke of three dukedoms unostentatiously lived and rained his hospitalities, the model of a true English gentleman as he was, for the last forty years. In the grodnds at Goodwood is now pre- served that remarkable Roman relic to which we have before (p. 21) referred. It was found at Chichester in 1713, in digging the foundations for the CouncU ChambBr. Chichester, one of the most ancient cities in the kingdom, situated three miles from the foot of the Downs, must enter into an account of them. The first we hear of it is as a Roman station under the name of Reg num. After the departure of the Romans from Britain and the arrival, as we have seen, of iEUa and his three sons, it became his capital ; and when Cissa, his eldest son, succeeded to the kingdom on his Other's death, its name was changed, and became Cissan-oeaster. Ciss-bury, as we shall pre- sently see, derived its name from the same source. Bishop Stigand, in the days of William the Conqueror, transferred the see from Selsey to Chichester : for there was on older one than it. Five centuries before a vessel had stranded on Selsey Bill, having on board St. Wilfrid and his clergy return- ing from the continent. A pagan priest hounded on the Sussex wreckers to destroy them, and a fierce struggle ensued; but portents attended the saint. A stone from a sling sank into the priest's forehead ; the tide came suddenly in ; the wind shifted ; the vessel got out to sea, and reached Sand- wich. And again, after a few years, but not this time involuntarily, the Northern Bishop, landing at the same place, first won the hearts of the people by teaching them the use of their nets, and then became him- self a fisher of men and taught them Christ- ianity. A three years' drought, followed by fiimine and disease, had decimated them. By^ forties and fifties they had leaped from the rocks in despair and dashed themselves to pieces. But as soon as the waters of baptism had impressed the sign of the cross upon their foreheads, the rain of heaven fell again — plenty relieved them, the grateful monarch showered gifts on the saviour of his people, and stra^ht a stately monastery arose on the site of his labours, and the see of Selsey was established.* A complete restoration of Chichester Cathedral (a restoration which must now include its steeple, that well-known county landmark, whoso destruction all Sussex mourns as the loss of a very dear friend), has called attention to its many treasures, some of them long lost to sight under daubs of villainous whitewash, specially to its de- tached single shafts of Purbeck marble — unique and beautiful specimens of their class — clustered, yet insulated, round their central piers. f The characteristics of this beautiful cathedral (before the late catas- trophe) have been well summed up as con- sisting of its harmony of external colour- ing ; the due proportion between its spire and tower ; the pyramidal grouping of its various parts ; the squareness of the abaci of its capitals ; the exactly central position of its spire ; the triplicily impressed on its details; its fine aisles and consequent breadth of nave ; and its south transept window.J Here was born Collins, one of our best iyric poets, whose likeness breathes in one of several monuments with which the genius of Flaxman has enriched the cathedral; and Otway, and Archbishop Bradwardine ; and good Bishop Juxon, who accompanied Charles to the scafibld, and was worthily promoted by his son. Here lies Chillingworth, won by Laud from Po- pery, and described by*Tillotson as the ' glory of his age and nation.' And close outside stands the beautiful octagonal Go- thic market-cross finished in 1500 on a site purchased by Bishop Story, and restored in 1734, with its open arcade and buttresses and^ finials at the angles, whose niches held choice effigies, till despoiled by Waller's army. And we are on the road aga'<n in search for the old Roman ^ Stane-street ' to far-famed Bignor. |
github_open_source_100_1_570 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | // Copyright 2000-2020 JetBrains s.r.o. Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package com.intellij.sdk.language;
import com.intellij.ide.structureView.*;
import com.intellij.lang.PsiStructureViewFactory;
import com.intellij.openapi.editor.Editor;
import com.intellij.psi.PsiFile;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.*;
public class SimpleStructureViewFactory implements PsiStructureViewFactory {
@Nullable
@Override
public StructureViewBuilder getStructureViewBuilder(final PsiFile psiFile) {
return new TreeBasedStructureViewBuilder() {
@NotNull
@Override
public StructureViewModel createStructureViewModel(@Nullable Editor editor) {
return new SimpleStructureViewModel(psiFile);
}
};
}
} |
sn88076679_1887-11-03_1_1_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | In Bottineau Pioneer. Best Medicine. BeMmsau County. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 ANNUM. The Pioneer Publishing Co. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 ANNUM. Cheap Cheapest, Goods Almost Given Away. Come and Examine MOINTOSH'S FUR COATS, FELT BOOTS AND— MOOSE MOCCASINS, Ladies will be delighted to see and sell the beautiful assortment Cloaks and Dress Goods, A large and varied stock always to BOTTISKA, DAKOTA IT. IVIorrissy, -Manufacturer of and Dealer Collars, Whips, Lap Robes, AND ALL GOODS TO BE FOUND IN A First -class Harness Establishment. Siring Promptly Attended to, and Satisfaction Guaranteed MAIN STREET, BOTTINEAU. HARMON, Passenger A Bank of Commerce, Minneapolis) Bottineau County Bank. FARM largest and best stock of & WINE MAN'S. Stock Bottom Prices! N. B. Special Attention Paid to Orders by Mail. WILL LASS DAKOTA. The pioneer J J. McBain, Prop. West of the Bottineau County Bank Bottineau, Dakota. JONGEER BLACKSMITH SHOP. C. W. BEYER. Movable bought out R. McDougall's stock and shop, I am now prepared to work. Give me a call. First Street west of Main Street Bonanza, Dakota. THE MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK OF DEVILS LAKE, DAKOTA. Capital, $50,000,00. Mortgage a general Banking Business. Pays the highest prices for County, School and Township Bonds. SADDLES, M. S. HARRISON, Cashier BANKING BUSINESS Transacted. Loans money on Chattels. LOANS AT INSIDE RATES. Dates on Minneapolis, New York, London, Edinburgh, Paris, Dublin and Stockholm. Pays interest on Time Deposits. Elegance of a first-class Bank extended to our Customers A Specialty of Machine Note Collections. WINNEMAN'S! Clothing, Hats, Caps, Gent's Furnishing Goods, Boots The threshers all unite in saying that the crops this year average the best for the past years. The school house looms up in good shape. The Baptist church is expected to be ready for occupancy next Sunday. Jack Stover, the pet of the ladies, has sold interest in the livery stable and Jerry now runs the outfit. Jack Stover, the pet of the ladies, has sold interest in the livery stable. Aek S. Guthrie in McBain, Troop B, of Dakota Mounted Infantry, is getting ready its armory, on the first floor (rear) of the old courthouse. Coroner McLay, lost a young steer last week and the wolves had a feast. Coroner's request law was duly administered. Mr. and Mrs. Fred Klinker and their two children arrived Monday evening from Grand Harbor. They have come to stay. They are tearing down the old engine house at Devils Lake, half of which is to be put up here, for use at this place and the balance to be used at Rugby Junction. The ladies of the W. C. T. U., will give an oyster social at the house of Mrs. J. B. Sinclair, on Friday evening Nov. 4th, at 7:30. An interesting program will be presented by Mrs. Cramsie, Indian agent of Fort Totowa, and Col. Thomas, of Washington, D. C., Inspector of Indian agencies, were in town on their way to the reservation Tuesday. Mrs. Alice Evans, recently from Devils Lake, has come to Bottineau, and purposes to dispose of a millinery and hair goods emporium in the Budd block. Her acquaintances will appear next week. Those in the vicinity, shot and killed a wolf on Saturday last, about a mile up the Crack. It would be a good scheme for the county commissioners to offer bounty for the carcasses of these midnight deserters of the hills. Dread destroyer, diphtheria, has been raging and havoc among the little ones. The daughter of Mrs. Harvey, sister of Mr. Euelid J. Hurt, and the infant son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Charboneau, being the first victims. The Oak Creek Cemetery Association met Saturday night last, pursuant to notice, laws were adopted and the treasurer instructed to collect the necessary funds. Subscriptions, amounting to about $100, for the purpose of purchasing the plot of ground previously selected and bought of Duacua McBain, for sale by the subscriber. To be informed by Judge Dana, the plot of the Methodist church in Bottineau, the live young man promised by Rev. Draper, to take his place here, is on his way and that suitable rooms are desired for him and his wigs. Mr. and Mrs. McCaadlees, arrive Tuesday evening. He is a young man, how lively he will be, remains to be seen. The roads and bridges leading east from Bottineau are in a damaged and dangerous condition. Anxious to have the work done, but is with Oathri K. John, our merchant, is a cent to spend on that. No more important matter could engage the attention of our merchants, if they desire to secure an increase in their salaries. Bottineau, Dakota, Thursday, November 3, 1887. Announcement Extraordinary To make the PIONEER the FARMERS' paper, we have reduced the subscription price to ONE DOLLAR! Per Annum, in advance, Within the reach of everyone. Those who recently subscribed for the paper, who have not yet paid, are requested to call and make payment either at this office or to the Rev. Turin. "We want at least 300 additional subscribers within the next three months. The announcement is made that the PIONEER will be there. Don't forget the temporary social tomorrow evening. Both our live young ministers will be there. Batesen & Ayres, have just received a large line of ladies' and Gents' underwear, which they are selling very cheap. All members of troop B, who have not received their pay, for the encampment, can get it by calling upon the Bottineau Co. The place to buy goods is where you can get the best goods for the least money. You always get the best bargains at Bates & Ayres. General apathy seems to prevail in the matter of local nominations in the 8th commissioner district. Looks like the still hunt business. A change in the R. T. time table has taken place, the train now leaving Bottineau ten minutes later—5:20 a.m. and arriving here at 9:40 p.m. Engineer Streeter, who was killed in the Petersburg wreck on this road about ten days ago, was a distinct relative of WM. Streeter, of this place. If you want a nice for cap, or a coat, or a good lined glove, or a silk mitten or any kind, keep you warm and at bottom prices, call on Bates A Ayres. We are pained to announce the death of Mrs. Clara Fraer, recently, at Devils Lake. Her remains were taken to Dunsmuth on Sunday for interment. The W. C. T. C.'s game of ballot is a good one. It is similar to the good old Canadian way. Outside of the prohibition question, you can take your choice—for or against—You pay your money and you take your choice and scratch. All those farmers who were caught on the fly by that agent of the Sioux Falls Insurance Co. and desire to take steps to protect themselves against the imposition and fraud practiced by him, are requested to meet at the office of no. W. Bennett on Saturday 12th Nov. at 8 o'clock p.m. The new minister, preached his first sermon in Bottineau, last Sunday afternoon at the E. R. depot, the new church not being quite ready. The Rev. Mr. Herbert Probert, who has been sent here. By the Baptist mission is a missionary recently from Congo, Africa. The atmosphere of Bottineau must be a great change to him, let us hope a beneficial one. It is said that he gives general satisfaction. ROT. Mr. McCaadles, Methodist, will hold service in the school house next Sunday morning, 11a.m. The Rev. gentleman desires to announce that everybody will be welcome and we sincerely trust that everyone will go. We hope to be there, D.V. Rev. Mr. Herbert Probert, Baptist, preaches in the evening at seven o'clock. Rev. Mr. Osmond is away among the best boys at Miss. Sip me of our potato dealers got a little scorched on their last shipments of potatoes, the potatoes getting pretty badly frosted. The thermometer in southern Iowa, and Illinois ranging as low as 10° above which in connection with the raw winds which that country is subject to, has a much worse effect than 10° below in this country. The boys are now loading in refrigerator cars and furnish them by the C.A.N.W. Ry. The social given under the auspices of the W.C.T.U. of Bottineau, at the residence of Mrs. Harmo on Friday evening last, was a most enjoyable affair music, recitations, and charades gratified and off-season and angelic cake satisfied the last but nothing was lovely. The ladies of the W.C.T.U. cannot be too highly praised for the interest manifested by them in the cause of temperance and they deserve and are sure to achieve success. An oyster social was announced for tomorrow evening, 4th, in the evening. At the residence of Mrs. J. B. Siaclair, October was a lively month for the people of Dakota dirt. Among those who proved up will be observed the names of quite a few of Bottineau's fair daughters. There's no lottery here, no blanks, a prize every time, including quarter-mile: Kelly, Hurt, Euclid J. Nettle K. Road Inspector McLay is quite Martha O. Field W. Clark. Clark, William Liana, L. D. Elassest, May Gardner, Annie J. Carrieo, Clara M. Orels, T. Nelson, B. Hlawcer, Mark Nelson, M. Patterson, Jennie Prufontaine, Tonasalnt Raphaelon, Alex Rismil Wm. Hhotwefl, Alva Molalr, Atox Wart, Duncan Wart, O. Giner, Jacob W.C. T. U. COLUMN. BY THE LADIES OF BOTTINEAU. True Liberty. What evil was ever blotted out by selling it the right to exist? Can you think of even one? Does the amount paid for the right to sell, mollify the effects of the liquor sold? How high shall the license be to make the saloon productive of good? And just how high must it be to make the business respectable? Will high-license whiskey restore happiness to the home that low-license whiskey destroyed? Will a blow, given to a defenseless wife be less painful because administered by a husband, break on his license while key? Does the amount paid for license less on the heartache of the mother at the sight of a drunken son reeling from the door of one of these legalized dens? Does the sorrowing wife, with her hungry children, find relief in the amount paid for the license of the saloon that robs her? Have saloons ever blessed a home or made a single human being better? No! And you know, and I know, and every intelligent citizen knows, and every political party knows that from the saloon system of this country come only degradation, misery, poverty, crime, and heartache, and the increasing of them, or in any manner giving them the protection of the law, always has been, is now, and ever will be a compromise with crime, and is a burning shame and disgrace to our civilization. It is an old saying that "none are so blind as those who will not see." It is equally true that none are so hopelessly enslaved as those who falsely believe they are free. There are worse prisons than those constructed of brick and stone and iron bars. The worst bondage is our own selfishness. It is the consciousness of being right, the truth that makes men free. The man behind the prison bars sober is freer than he whacks in front of them drunk. Just think of it! Four saloons to every church, six bar leaders to every preacher, thirty dollars expended for intoxicating liquors for every dollar paid for Christian missions, homes destroyed, manhood gone, graves and prisons filled with the victims of the infamous traffic then talk to me of the liberty of the citizens fading a lodgment in such a system. Our wasted resources, debauched manhood, destroyed homes, and aching hearts cry aloud against this giant evil, the crime of crimes. And woe be unto the political party or individual that shall stand in the way of an indignant and outraged people, as they burst asunder the political shackles that have bound them, and, with a view solely to the good of the whole country, looking to God for His guidance, strike for a purer government, happier homes and higher civilization! Our country's flag should know no North, no South, no East, no West, but its protecting folds should cover alike the palatial mansion of the rich, thereon of the pioneer on the plains of the West, or the humble cabin of the black man of the South. It should be the emblem of sobriety and morality, of free schools, a free ballot and free homes, and the highest rights of citizenship for every well-disposed human being of proper age from whom we demand allegiance to our Government and obedience to the laws. It should boldly uphold and defend the right, and condemn the wrong, and thus become what its founders intended it to be, the symbol of the highest civilization attained by monarchy under Christ. Farm Home Joan P. ST. JOBS. MARRIED. On Saturday evening last by the Rev. Turner, at the residence of the bride's parents, Miss Mary Kelly, to Mr. John Braad, we extend to the happy couple in. Common with their boots and friends, the heartiest of congratulations. May all go well with you! May life's shadow glides and peaceful and bright, with a broad outlook than may form a rainbow. "The Canadian Pacific Railway" "An ideal destination for travelers, including the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the Canadian Pacific Railway. The route is known for its scenic beauty and scenic beauty, making it a perfect destination for travelers from across the United States. The route is known for its scenic beauty and scenic beauty, making it a must-visit for those seeking adventure or adventure. The route is not just about the Canadian Pacific Railway but also about the Canadian Pacific Railway, which is a vital link in the transportation network. It's a vital link in the transportation network, connecting the Canadian Pacific with the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the Canadian Pacific Railway. The route is a testament to the power of nature in connecting the world around us. In addition to the scenic beauty and scenic beauty, the route also includes a scenic ride through the Canadian Pacific, making it a truly memorable destination for travelers. The Canadian Pacific Railway is a vital link in the transportation network, connecting the Canadian Pacific with the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the Canadian Pacific Railway. For those interested in exploring the Canadian Pacific Railway, the route is a must-visit for those seeking adventure or adventure. The Canadian Pacific Railway is a vital link in the transportation network, connecting the Canadian Pacific with the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the Canadian Pacific Railway. Majority of people feel like giving it up disheartened, discouraged, and worn out with disease, when there is no occasion for this feeling, as every sufferer can obtain satisfactory proof, that Green's August Flower will make them free from disease, as when born. Dyspepsia and Liver complaints are the direct cause of seventy-five percent of such diseases as Biliousness, indigestion, Sick Headache, Constipation, Nervous Prostration, Dizziness of the Head, Palpitation of the Heart, and other distressing symptoms. Three doses of August Flower will prove its wonderful effect. Sample bottles, 10 cents. Try it. LETTERBACK B. N. Stove Pipes, Elbows, Stove-Drums, Upstairs Drums, Stove-boards, Zinc board, HAVE and can Give You Better By buying the BEST STOVES, STOVES, STOVES. Heating and Cooking Stoves. ADVERTISEMENT! We always keep a complete stock of everything on hand. As is usually done by a first-class STOVES, STOVES, STOVES. Heating and Cooking Stoves. ADVERTISEMENT! We study to please. Our customers and INVITE the people of Bottineau and the surrounding country to come and examine the dry goods, gent's furnishing goods, and other goods too numerous to mention just received at the new store. The following rates are charged in the PIONEER: Displayed, $1.00 per week when over two inches. Legal advertisements at legal rates for legal advertisements ordering legal advertisements will be held responsible for the publication of the notice. The Pioneer is the Best Hotel in the City. Medium Vest of Designs. Outside of Main Street, Bottineau. THE VERANDA. McBrayen Hotel is now ready to accommodate its guests and the traveling public may be assured of all the COMFORTS and attentions incident to a first-class hotel. The CUISINE unexcelled by any hotel in the northwest. MAIN & FIFTH STS BOTTINEAU. AYE POSTAGE. There is a Drug Store at home. McArthur Bros. One man Saws Buck-saws, Saw Buck-saws, Galvanized Iron Chimneys, Lanterns, Scoop Shovels, Adj. Fils Back, Cross-Cut Saws, Horse Shoes, Band Iron, Steel Crates, Mail, Steel Wire Saws, Glass, Mixed Paints, Coal, Metal, Steel Traps, Tin, Copper and Granite. Ware of All Kinds Kept in Stock. Tin shop in connection. SUGAR AND SHEEP TO STORE, AND WILL GUARANTEE SATISFACTION. KELLEY IN NEED Wheel-Barrows, Manure Forks, Trace Chains, & SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS TO EVERYBODY Or Clothing Gents Furnishing Goods Kerosene, Hi Lake! Aaseuioamt To SUITORS or THE 80 con'S DOT of BOTTLEKAN COUNTY. GmtETmo:—I am a candidate for county commissioners from the 84 District of Bottineau county and if elected, pledge myself to an economical and judicious administration of county affairs. Election next Tuesday, Nov. 8th, 1887. CHAS F. SHITS. FOR SALE. Tree seeds for sale cheap, Apply to C. & L. Budde, Bottineau. BOTTINEAU Feed and Livery STABLE, CHAS. MCKEEN PROPRIETOR. First Class Rigs on Hand Day and Night Fifth Street, BOTTINEAU, DAK. Axes, Bar Iron, High Shoes, Pitty, White Lead, Log Chains, HILLHOUSE. Thompson's Clothing Houses ALWA. Call On Thompson when in. DEHLIS IiQ —NO— THOUGHT HOW does PEVILS LAKE, DAV. |
github_open_source_100_1_571 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | function [g1,g2, covGradLocal] = sdlfmaXsdlfmaKernGradient(sdlfmaKern1, sdlfmaKern2, ...
t1, t2, covGrad, covIC)
% SDLFMAXSDLFMAKERNGRADIENT Gradients of cross kernel between 2 SDLFM kernels.
%
% Description:
%
% [G1, G2, COVGRADLOCAL] = SDLFMAXSDLFMAKERNGRADIENT(SDLFMVKERN1,
% SDLFMKERN2, T1, COVGRAD, COVIC) computes a cross gradient for a
% cross kernel between two switching dynamical LFM kernels for the
% multiple output kernel. Both kernels are accelerations.
% Returns:
% G1 - gradient of the parameters of the first kernel, for ordering
% see lfmKernExtractParam.
% G2 - gradient of the parameters of the second kernel, for ordering
% see lfmKernExtractParam.
% COVGRADLOCAL - partial derivative wrt the initial conditions of
% the first interval.
% Arguments:
% SDLFMVKERN1 - the kernel structure associated with the first SDLFM
% kernel (acceleration).
% SDLFMKERN2 - the kernel structure associated with the second SDLFM
% kernel (acceleration).
% T1 - inputs for which kernel is to be computed.
% COVGRAD - gradient of the objective function with respect to the
% elements of the cross kernel matrix.
% COVIC - covariance for the initial conditions
%
% [G1, G2, COVGRADLOCAL] = SDLFMAXSDLFMAKERNGRADIENT(SDLFMVKERN1,
% SDLFMKERN2, T1, T2, COVGRAD, COVIC) computes a cross gradient for a
% cross kernel between two switching dynamical LFM kernels for the
% multiple output kernel. Both kernels are accelerations.
% Returns:
% G1 - gradient of the parameters of the first kernel, for ordering
% see lfmKernExtractParam.
% G2 - gradient of the parameters of the second kernel, for ordering
% see lfmKernExtractParam.
% COVGRADLOCAL - partial derivative wrt the initial conditions of
% the first interval.
% Arguments:
% SDLFMVKERN1 - the kernel structure associated with the first SDLFM
% kernel (acceleration).
% SDLFMKERN2 - the kernel structure associated with the second SDLFM
% kernel (acceleration).
% T1 - row inputs for which kernel is to be computed.
% T2 - column inputs for which kernel is to be computed.
% COVGRAD - gradient of the objective function with respect to the
% elements of the cross kernel matrix.
% COVIC - covariance for the initial conditions
% Copyright (c) 2010 Mauricio A. Alvarez
if nargin == 4
covGrad = t2;
t2 = t1;
end
[g1, g2, covGradLocal] = sdlfmXsdlfmKernGradient(sdlfmaKern1, sdlfmaKern2, t1, ...
t2, covGrad, covIC, 'AccelAccel'); |
bpt6k25741003_2 | French-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | du matin A 6 h. du soir8 h 112. — I E COUP DK GENDARME, vaudeville en un acte, de F lehmtmn.Entr’acte de d;x minutes L'Heure de la Bergère, comédie-vaudeville en 3 sel s de MM. Ordonmau.Durée L. Dayle Lou-Tellegen Georges Priée Sury Sauiûac figer Piquard ,<tvngeà Paul Dulreny sinuer KetierLe urand-lTêtrs Un Saciilicateur L Lnvoyé indien STRAIES premier Général Premier Eunuque Deuxième Général Chef des Gardes Deuxième eunuque L n Guerrier Un porteur de parasol11 heures. — Sr Camarades, comédie en deux actes, do Colette Willy.MmesColette Willy Fany-Valdec Hélène FloiisoFonchetto Marthe La femme d:chambreMM.Duree Georges Prièï PoucettcMax L* Gosse Poucette (chienne pull)Déjazct 24, boulevard du Temple. Tél. 274-"6 h. 1,2. — L'Enfant de ma Sœur, pièce en trois actes, de MM. André Mouezy-Eon ci Rolxri Franc saille,MmesDISTRIBUTIONPaule Roi!» Mai» De M&flbOl P Ov'.ea MonlhelMme MACON-PARTilEÎ I.I QU E1TB BERTKE RADADA CHARLOTTBMM,A. Mr.rlnz. Max-André Vildor W'aoman M. Vioct G. l.ecomté Fret tel W7ohms M. Valléa RennevaJ BrissaaNAPOLEON I' Achille GABARRON M AÇON-PARTHENAX CROBERT VALERIEN JOB A RT tiAVEHLIN Monsieur ADOLPHE LOCHE BARBOTTAN TORCYThéâtre-Mévisto a, nae Zalnt-Lazuic;. «• vTél. 213-66J18, rue Saint-Lazare (Tél. 113-60). — Relâche pour répétition générale de :Liquidons, pièce en un acte d’Eug. M81on ; Le Réprouvé, conte dramatique en deux tableaux, de Zurenche ;Quand l’Amour s'amuse, comédie en un acte, de Eddy prévis et B. Dangennes.La livraison des poires, pièce en un acte, de Léo Marchés..Les CapucinesBoulevard des Capucines (Tél. 156-40). — 8 heures 3/4. — La 23-Z, pièce en un acte, de Levai et Van Ysen ;Le Médecin du cœur, comédie en un acte, de Michel Provins.L’an neuf ! revue gauloise, en deux actes, de Bip.Grands Magasins Dnfayel.Concert al cinématographe tous le* jour I h. 1/8 à â heure», sauf le dimanche.Robert-IIoudin8 BcT^vard des Italiens fc B tu W2. Spectacle varié.les soirs, notamment Mme Maguéra dans tuai déesse d'amour J et Le sol tremble I et Mlle Dz* ra, dont lés danses souples et lascives agix-nu iv lent Joli ment l'agréable‘fantoisie : Les Relie* ,« Paris.fit8 li. 1/2 — LES DEUX LOGES, pièce on 3 acte de Lucien Empis.8 b. 1/2. — CHEZ L’AVOCAT, pièce en un un acte de Louis Nicort.VERONIQUE, opéra-comique rn trois actes, de MM. G. Duval, A. Vanloo. Musique de M.André Messager.Clunyîl» boulevard Saint-Germain, •— Tél. 867 706 h. et demie. — Moutard •'Emancipe, vau*de ville en un acte, de Mouêxjf-Boa.EntfootiJ dedix minutesPlumard et Bamabi,vaudeville en trois a-lob, de Henry Mmxttu et Oiariea Qumet.DirXétitiUTlONMte»■eniatiûn.Franck-MoiT.n ColonetlfcBendafrisquetteJul BartonMme CHOPIN-L5R0ÏHa 1 infantNICOLEaine i^ayralIRMAFernandestopMM.Grégoire P PerratCoiuRfd de la BEGOTT3 PLUMARDMariusMAFLUKovalBARNABEX a lotL’AdjudantG SaulieuLHOPIN-LEHuYRémonginLOVBINOLiSR. FuqèraTRÎNGLETVidîdUE BEAUGENOYBelkniUn FacteurThéâtre des Arts58, boulevard des Batiguailes. — Tél. : 586x0La Tour du Silence,pièce en trois actes, deCollijn.MmesVera ScrgineSEMI R AMISHélène HorisePremière SuivanteLiliane XlargylDeuxième SuivanteGuintiniTroisième SuivanteMis Mar lia de ForestVi DanseuseMM.de M JtMUTAKKHLitlle-Palace42, rue de Douai (Tél. 263-C9). — LE SOL TREMBLE. draine en un acte et deux tableaux, de Pierre Souveslre et Marcel Allain. « Pied-de-Grue », comédie en un acte, de Fernand Kahn et. de la Croisette.n Les ailes coupées », comédie en un acte, de Maurice de Dammartin.« Isaît, déesse d’amour », pantomime de du Christel, musique d’Emile Bonuamy émue Maguérir.n ions Belles de Paris », fantaisie-divertissement talles Benec de Soupingny, G congé t te Belmont. Lu ce Andlu-êe, Salviati. de Rigo, Andrée Reval, etc.)Miisic-Halls& ConcertOlympiaOlymp a. 2-S, boulevard des Capucines (Tél. 591-81). — 8 li. 112. — 1909 !... Des Femmes /... Bien que de.sFemmes !... féerie-revue en dix tableaux : Mlles Dancrey, Allems, Foscolo, Palerme, Barkis, Borrelya, etc. ; Footit et Mme Qio<x>lat. — Attractions : Cirque Morrisini, les Fantoches fantastiques, etc. — Divertissement : Trianon-Ballet, Mlle Lucy Belly.Folies-Bergère Tel. : 102 69. — Rue Richer. LA BÉVUE DES FOLIES-BERGERE, revue franco-anglaise en 2? tabl., de E-g Ftiers : S00 costumes, Miss Camptpn. Marthe Lenclud, Clara Faurens, Dyan“| Pougaud, Maurel, Morton et... Marvilie. )La première Entente cordiale.Moulin RôugeTél. : 502-83. — Place Blanche— 9 heures. — En l'air ! Messieurs ! revue en trois actes cl vingt tableaux, de H. Moreau et Ch Quinel : MM. Gouget, Dambrine, Liesse, Cromelvnck, Nerno. Darlcs. Caudieux ; Mmes Lebergv. Guerre, Gillet, Dalba, Elynett, Daray,La Cigak Boueîvarù RochechouartI.n Cigale, boulevard RorhechouaTt (Tél. 407-60). — 8 b 1/2 — OUI MA CHERE ... revue en deux acteet douze tableaux, de Jacques Bousquet et Gen-veArnould. avec Girier, Delmares. Jeanne ndrl= Duhird üorvülo. de Tendev. Rarally le-’ Denance, Poquelle, Paul Laça, Charlotte éoriJnc lissières, Darn’s, Deiorge. miss Fio, M. de Naval, B-ni!, Busq. Mandray, J. Rey ci .Grand, va, Dehloune. Cottin, Verlei, etc.ffiBfiRIN-Bflt 84, rue Victor-Massé et 58, rue J-tgaUâTABABIN-BAL, 34, rue Victor-Massé, et 56. rue PigaUe. — Danses flamenco, quadrilles excentriques, bowling. Tous les jours, à 5 heures, apéritif-concert. Dimanche» et fêtes, matinée à 2 h. 1/2.Samedi prochain. — Bal masqué, Bal des Pierrestes.Bal BuilierAvenue de ! ObservatoiiaLe plus grand bal de Paris. Nouvelles danses. Tous les soirs à U heures. Jeudis et dimanches à s> heure».A Lu C'gale. — CVsî une Fantai^i»' ben, Met de MM. de Gorsa et. Nmrtouii rmi supf«il< ta îr Oui, ma,chère! Quand le semés de la revu<4 MM. Jacques Bousqut et Georges A moud épuisé.r.e Cinématographe Dafay.U qui déçu, ni m record de f relaté. comrifnd ciao^ -on sic tante de cette sema n» et û chaque hmiioc. ),i Vestale, dont l’Opéra vient de donnez une «y présentation exlraordinRirv. Les vues vepi'<VB,,n^ tant 1“3 désastres causés en Italie par Je Iichh bêlement de taire et d’autres vue* mari Ln ksi ci sportives complètent ce spectacle sari< ipi<V cèdent qui fait courir tout Pari-, Buffet. tu< «ri Sa! n < ' lecture. Concert tous les jouis sauf la dimanche. ^Nouveau Ciraue8 h. 112. — Al tractions sensaticnncüësXë pifa beau Hussard de rance, opérai te acrobatique, équestre et nautiqtJaMercredis, jeudis, dimanches et lut mut nés à 2 heures et demie.Téléphone : 241-M.Alhambrs. — ÏjCs débuts du ffogram >.« ,1c Lt première quinzaine de f«.*nier ont eu lieu avec un plein i accès. Nous savons tous combien b A n cuveaux spectacles sont attendus ici duc< impatience, donc passons sur affluence considérai bleu, succès, et parlons bien vile de butée heureuse qu’a eue la direction n nous donnant le Gagnant du Grand Prix, une courte <1 intéressante cscjuisse de la vie aux courses eu Amérique, suivie d’une véritable course de < levant sur piste mobile. Cette petite pièce en soif tableaux iès mouvementée et terminée pal l emballage final a fait sensation.Los attractions sont, comme toujours l’A!cambra, nombreuses cl irréprochable*.Ba-Tu-Cian60. Buultivz r i VoltaireA S Su 1/2. — Tous tes Eoirs, epsctacls pans-Aiiiamhva-Cinéma68 «1 56, eue des PyreaécsLe plu intéressant dos cinématographes parisiens. Tous les soirs 1 h. 112 de solo tacite. Matinées dimanche et jeudi. Projoa trou parfaitement claire. Imitation exacts de tous les bruits. Tous les mercredis, soirée de gala avec le concours de la mu 6>que de la société.Théâtre Antoine. — Pour c« suitet fou< ks soirs do la semaine, le théâtre Antoine .nfliehn avec son grand succès actuel, Les Jumevux dJ Brighlon, c/:s trois actes de gaîté intense, signés Tristan Bernard, Auberge rouge, le •rtramt* balzacien Ji émouvant de M. Serge Bnssi l o< 1 autre grand succès du théâtre Antoine, dont voici la distribution :MM. Saillant, iProspcr Magnan : Colas. Wilhelm : G. L aller, le t>o romvstrc ; Clasis, milans{ Méret. Walheufer : Marchai, le major : Pierie émurent, Bugthaler ; Mmes Massai*!, Nina ; Germaine Le cuver. Hansen.On commencera par le ParlcîcuiVe. l’ace d« j4 presque classique de M Octave Mirbeau.Jeudi, en .matinée : la Dette, de M. Gabriel Trarieux, -1 les Jumeaux de Brighlon.Théâtre Réjane. — Les rcrivsentatio dr is Course du Flambeau sont prolongées jusqu’il ’.i fin de la semaine.Jardin u’AcclimatationBois de Boulogne (Métro : Maillot et Dauphine). — Tél. .jÜj-32. — Jeudi, 2 h. : L’Ombre.Le Cicinématographe. phe. Dufayelqui d«tientfflrecord <le 1 actualité, comprend, d;ms *>on spCl>tac le de• cette semaine et a cliquéie réai*ccLa’• t ■dent l’Opéra vient de donner unerc*présent:tin extraordinaire. Les vues rcen*tant tesdésastres causés en Italiepar Ltram-ble montde terre et d’autres vuesmarimesetsnorlivcs complètent ce sp.-'otacLsanspréCC-.dent qiti fait courir tout Paris.Buff.l-glas isalon df lecture, concert toua~ lesjoursSx!Ilfladimanche.G. Lascène.marrisa eE mairesPhares pour AéronefPour jalonner les routes de l'air. Ur projet de $ Aéro-Club de Berlin(ie soir : A 9 heures, au Théâtre de i Œuvre, ! 90. avenue des Chuuip.—Ely.-écs. prem. èi e îxjir | sensation du Pcrcc-Scige et les Sept Gnomes, ' conte en vers un quatre journées, adapté de j Gritnm par J ann. Dortzui, musique de M. Masj sentit, vt de La Chain/, drame en un acte dv ; Maurice Level cl Jacques Moiinier.Parisia na f?, boulevard Poisssoanièia tel lô§-7£9PARISIANA, 27, boulevard Poissonnière clôt. °9 heurts : La Poudre d'escampette, fana;s;e.opérettc à grand spectacle, deux actes, six tableaux : Maud d’Orby, Vansettc. saidre&u, Gabin, C Avril, danseuse Isis.TelEldorado liïi-ki. — 4, boulevard do StrasbounjComédie-Française. ■— M. Jules Clan lie a obtenu de ht famille de Paul M< rive que la représentation d'Antigone coïncidant avec la cérémonie officielle il<‘ 1 inauguration du bu te de Paul Mi urine d ms la mai» n de Yi place des Vosges, fui ruturdvv d n rn -,lmlèpenilamincnt du p «rirait de Mme Fahart dan V/arü1 | r i et d’van des--in de Mlk Abb« ma représentant M, Mile me l reliai, la O «iin-dio-Fran-.-ais % reçu un don vicieux : un portrait magistral de NiLlettre, Mul.vrc p int jai Mignard.On sait que les lovai ours de l'ai) cri aéronefs, aréoplattes t autres machin* a volantes, .se plaignent de la difficulté tuila éprouvent à déterminer exc.cterncn. |« régions au-dessus destjucîles ils p. ‘-'-• ni.L’Aéro-Club de Berlin vient de primera l’initiative d'une proposition originale ; il projette d'organiser des j omis Ce îxq haro pour la ciivultti :on a^ri n e et voici < e qu'il imagine. Des lettres ou combinaisons du lettres en couleurs claires et très visibles lainant! '. > fa nuit, seraient placées urles monunif linos, etc..noce.les clochais le*comment ainsi les lieux promeneurs «le l'es-*A l’Oiiéra-Coimquc — On ment Solange, qui fora la nouvelle (j.la salit Favart.e en îo ineELDORADO, boulevard de Strasbourg. (TŒ 449.17. 3. 112. — Badigeon, grande pièce militaire en deux actes, de MM. Gelval et, L. Laarlv ; Dra-ncm, Monlel. Bach, Yucca, Graniei, Jcahvd Merck. Nuianm, JaneOryonu. Léa Ru>gis, Duplaix, Liovent. Timmy, Rvnna, I* levretta, Ostan^eÙc. Partie concert de tout Premier orPre™ avec l’extra ordinaire pistou Bach. Retraite cieux flambeaux. Dcfl!6s milituiroSfKinéma-Théàlre24, facuievard des Uaüsna, MLe plus luxueux établissement du monde. Tous tes jouis, matinée ei soirée. Matines du jeudi, progrès. soc.casTel. 42â 36. — 12, boulevard de StiasL jureY.Al. X 13. tGaité-LyriqueMnr-nn et Bouvières. Ml. ■ A. I.inn DaH. vrtXi«nvar«.l de Strasbourg (TOI. 435-86) GUI N DE BOL opérette à grand .•les et î taise eaux, de arts. «de nés. Polin, Sulbac, Max-Morel, ! !.,••!. Lejal, Bruel, Marche, Euenio. Thihaud, Lucie Müger, Jane Bernel, u. t ''lia Devins, J’nnmy, Charley .— 'nn ta Menu, le grand steeple. — Innoioula i« nilvllti 1Odéon. —"Ln rr« nv'rc enta ■ * d. s Grands, h l'Odêon, n été triomphal. Une salle com b!--, où on renrvanjuuit de n mir ux lycéens ravis «le voir transporte]' leur vie v< rit. bit sur la scène, une salle comble qui a pris le plus vif plaisir eux quatre actes et. a acabit "' 1 inter; tètes : Mmes Lutzi. Jeanne Lion. Grumbaeh. par azur A. Pascal MM. Des jardins. Des fon Laines. Maupré, Renoir. Cfianil mil, Denis Iné-, etc.L'ap: émît de si vivement goûté n e les fouilles de location pour toute la son’ bv* s« c ouvrent des plus beaux noms de la capitale.La recette atteignait quatre mille francs. Casino de Le t le’énergique impulsion donne e .par son nouveau directeur, M. Julien étho, va re'jvuve. sa vogue d’autrefois.iïéjn le publie élégant a repris le chemin ’e la rue de Clichy et la soirée d hier a été des plus réussies de la saison.La troupe du célèbre mime Thaïes est chaque soir acclamée.On annonce peur ce soir, m début scnsotîonnel.1 Aéro-Club haro{ sens de lettre projet à t'•‘"tsbom comme iles lettres indique niles ré-mes ou valésines de la 1mer se-.(nées purun grand Irait, Vga-iné pendrant la nuit,ronce, onpourrait ndrlplier uiïdéparteEn AU011 )d î) lipropose d.' diviser Vempire enreprésentéies par 00 m,m binai-ores. Il c*mite soumetIre sonti 1 -cités aéronsiu tiquesvoisines,la France. 1;1 lettremule, l'Autriche, etc.lussions avec ces associations"Aéro-Clubberlinois pense queornementsinterviendrontf }x>u r,. projet »donner,propose,les routes tlel’air!!l6 RÜEDESMATHIVUNS. FnèS DE L'OPÉRAVaudeville. — Après Ks suce.s du Lys a la répétition générale et les nouveaux rappels que h publie fit ce soir-là aux excellents comédiens du Vaudeville, trois habitués : le dirent eu r d’un grand journal, le critique in Huent d un autre et un Parisien ami du théâtre, firent un pari sur la durée rtc ta pièce rit M. Pi gîté XX pifa et Gaston Leroux. L’un disait : « En voilà sûrement pour cinquante jours » : l’autre. «< Je crois moi, à plus de canal représentations » et te troisième affirmait : «< C’est une pièce qui fera sûrement un demi-million ».Les directeurs du Vaudeville, qui connaissent cet intéressant pari, font savoir aux aimables pronostiqueurs où en est la question : après cinquante-deux représentatif uns. les recettes du Lys dépassent deux cent soixante-dix mille francs..£, o SUDATION MASSAGE lavage PISCINESALONS DE REPOS SALON DE COIFFURE PêniCUFE, BUFFET HYDROTHERAPIE COMPLÈTE SALLE CE GYMNASTIQUE,des CAMES 47 B1? HAUSSMANNFONDÉ JCÎf 1876L188ÜS 6 la PBESSEIt pks mini toua <* wtpi.'ti Je jeûnai F..:qrg üoita&ttre $7, Eie Bergtrt 11elit c$ dépouille par jour, tabou journaux ou revue* du monde entier,Square des Arts-et Métiers. — Tel129 Qd !Bouffes-Parisiens4. rue Moneieny. — T4L ; 146-63Relâche, pour répétition d’en semble de 4 fils 7, 9*. .Jeudi. — Première représentation de 4 lois T 98.o 11. 1/Y. — PAUL ET VIRGINIE, upara-cotniquu en quatre actes sept tableaux de Jules Barbie cl Michel Carré, musique de Victor Massé.Grand-Guignol. 36 bis, rua tihaptal Nuit d lilyiie. — Cent lignes émues, -r Liflpremière misa, — MachLu tas. — Une prêteénsatiorCasino de Paris $41. • tirsCÿ!<) de PARIS, i3, rue. de Clichy jltll. ->r>r,-ps s h. 1 -, — Paola Stephanesco, Parti a Duval et ses chiens, the ’Shamrock’s. les 4 Doubnik’s Jarle Lys, (tans ses danse* â transloViiuilakio, fhe 4 Richard s Girls, miss Viola. û A 1>1 MONDE AI N... BALKANS, revue, bave Scviaîic d Charlhs. Thérèse de Ternann. Lenett-Gès. IÇuhlett, Tlidrhin’c aux' masques, Ùke Nicoletos. — f.E POT CASSE, pantomime, avec lu mime Th aies, Massiîia, Seguy.publie i ARGUS des REVUES, période,. r.îii lu ARCHIVES de 1e PRESSE,Au Théâtre canto ne, reprise de VAuberge rr-tzge, drame en 2 actes de Serge Passât, d’après B&IzacOn êomennra par le Porteteuille, de M Oefar Mirbeau. et on terminera par verJumeaux de Brighlon, dr M. Tristan fiernarddite l'ARGUS de officiel,«• on'triant tous les votes des hom-.r.ea p. litiquea et leur dossier public.I.'Argus ds lu Prtist recherche dans m:« les périodiques les articles passes, présents, futurs.r,d»seignemeatseenhdsDtleli. i Mti tt',tgr»>Us« : Aohambure-Parie émit t-lqtiilqM t 102-62I.itfle Paînee. — Ce sera demain, mercredi, la 50e dxi speetàmle actuel, et par une heureuse anormale, nii fur e là mesure des n présence i *ions. un «public de (plus on plus nomltrcux m-’pressent au eomié.t étable semant de la rue flo Dnuai. M. de ChSfîlton se voit rihligé de reJ;«rAcr son prochain spectacle. tout prêt cependant » ixissiL'. fl e4t vrâ Tjue'la me.tlleirre Téctnme est cotte nui est. faite par un publie satisfait, et tel m m erré _ _ est le cas des spectateurs qui applaudissent tousByira ea Directeur : FaeSk Montmartre (37, fme Bergère/ IX*V -mt> j—.ià Imf>r> *m»mmmUE:<■*. ;LES SPORTSautomobiliste •* Le Syndicat Gênai al des Agents de cycles •l automobiles vient de tenir sa réunion mensuelle au siège social, sous la présidence ue Al. Félix LameLe pjxjsaient a donne connaissance de deux procès de principe gagnés à Tarbes et à Mootlu<„un. contre • la vente au déballage », * gu: causait un si réel préjudice au commerce grlier des agonis de eps régions. M. Luiné a nomiiiuunjué deux lettres ollicieUes du munster UeGuerre et du préfet de la Seine txmceiMHnt les ouvrier* des arsenaux, et disant que si aucun contrôle ne rut être exercé sur ces derniers en dehors deo heures de travail, il leur a éle du moins recommandé fonnellëment après inlerventiou du Syndicat, de ne j>as faite des réparutions ni de ventes de cyo!<-s et de s’abstenir «le toute concurrence: aux gen. de leur localité.L n projet pour éviter l'avilissement des prix, Miiloul en matière de pneumatiques, a été •• opte pour die soumis aux intéressés.Lnfui, le Syndi-’at a pris connaissance du nouvel avantage offert à s«*s membres pour les vntribiilions el patentes, qui seront examiné» ts V«c toutes les tuiinalitvs nécessaires pour les demandes de dégrèvement.— Le ComiUu du Royal A d Espagne s’est 1 » uni avant rassemblée générale et, au cours le lu séance, le comte du l'enalver, président, donna su démission, s nouvelles obligations d’abats de Madrid l emp entant d’exercer en même temps les fonctions de président du ,i.A.C. L«’s membres du Comité donnèrent aussi leur démission.A l'assemblée générale, il est vraisemblable •pi le Comité sera réélu en Moe ; la présidence Serait olfvrtc au duc de Torar.— Lu" semaine prochaine, la M-ction des trouts de transport de l’arme allemande va proc.? il. r a l*épreuve les nouveaux poids lourds enn de la subvention de l’Etat ; i s’agit de voilures remorquant un fourgon. IV■ preuve aura beu dans le ligure, oeil y a beau* ip de neige et des routes très montueuses.AERONAUTIQUE Le nouveau bilan Delagrange ressemble en tous points à celui qu’il avait en Italie. Il a seul lient fait supprimer deux plans verticaux, t n conservant quand à chaque extrémité des UleeLu surface du gouvernail a été réduite. Le moteur 50 111* tourne à deux mille tour. I i transmission e»l assurée pur une liés forte haine. Le volant est ajouré.L’hélice métallique, à deux branches, tourne t» onze cents tours. Le dispositif actuel de l’amorlane n«> demie pas d’employer les grandes hélices à marche lente ; il n’y a pas, dans le Lùti une lace suffisante pour les loger.1x3 radiateur est celui d une voilure automobile On n’a skis cherché à économiser du t nids .ir m tu. partie.ph. q iclqiu l’aérodBH • lavis, Dt-lugrance u l'intention d’aller en eaux. du côté d’Orléans.— M. Cruppi présidera, vendredi, une séance nie la Société des Ingénieurs civils de France xmsacrcra, en son hôtel de la rue Blanche, à .aviation.Au coure de cette séance, M. Sorcau fera une conférence sur les progrès accomplis en «aviation pendant l’année 10U6 cl surl’avenir I moue nouveau de lo promotion, oui' r ui sr.i accompagnée de curieuses projections cinéma tigra pli< i bues.— Alplionse XIII, roi d Espagne, ne tarderait pas. pavait-il, il venir à Fnu assister à des expériences de Wilbur Wriglit, dès que celui-ci cuis fini son m.slullalion.— On mande d< Vienne qu’un syndicat autrui< rien vient d’acheter Vaéroplane avec lequel Henri Fannan a fait ses dernières expériences.Ives première essés auront lieu clans quinzede Vi« une. — Doux Américains. MM. Karl Ziffer et Georges Bumgough. veulent tenter la traversée des Etats-l ms «-n Europe en ballon non dirigeable-. Dans ce but, iis se tout instruire, dans une lubrique de Spiinglield. un ballon uu«juel seront enchaînés vingt ballonnes. Le contenu «le ceux-ci suppléera au gaz qui s’échappera du ballon principal, lies aéronautes espèrent aussi i résoudre le problème de la traversée de l’Atlantique. Ils seront acoomia* -és dans leur périlleux voyage par un vapeur qui leur portera secours en cas de besoin.Le système des ballonnes satellites, essayé par plusieurs Français pour des voyages de durée a toujours été reconnu comme défectueux.CROSS-COUNTRY Résultats du Challenge Robert Max, disputé hier, à Colombes : 1. Keyser, en A4 minutes ; 2. Dumonteol, a 3uU métrés ; 3. Dreher, 4. Théry, 5. Lemaître 6 Lizandiev, 7. D rodant, 8. Delair, 9. Leeourt. etc.I.a foule a copieusement conspué un certain officiel de 1U.S.F S.A. lequel voulait empêcher les représentants des journaux de prendre les résultats— La course handicap que le Racing-Club de France faisait disputer hier à Saint-Cloud entre scs membres u obtenu un brillant succès.Le parcours il effectuer, quoique particulièrement dur. n avait, pas décourage les couriers idemsic et Jacques Verset qui terminaient dans l’ordre. 11 est bien regrettable que Jacq’ts Versel. rendant jusqu à 12 minutes ô ses concurrents, ait fait une chute à cent mètres d. but. cet accident a paralysé ses moyens et Va empêché de prendre la première place qui lui paraissait acquise sans conteste et "qui prendra sûrement sa revanche.Neanmoins, le digne coureur terminait à quelbues mètres seulement de son heureux concurrent Fvrsico. qui a fourni un excellent parcourt.PATINAGE — Nous recevons de Nantua, le résultat du Concours de patinage qui vient d’avoir lieu sur le lac de Sviauc.Distance : 5 kilomètres Coupe du challenge du syndicat d’initiative : Premier. Sabourel, de Paris, dix minutes ; Grillet, de Lyon ; Mngnus. de Paris : Achille Monnet, de Nantua.On peut obtenir au Secrétariat communal de Spa des exemplaires du cahier des charges au prix d’un franc.Samedi 360. — Saint-Ouan. Vendredi b. — Enghien. Samedi Ü. — Soint-Ouen. Dimanche 7. — AutemL Lundi 8. — Enghien. Mardi 9. — Saint-Ouen. Mercredi 10. — Compïègne. Jeudi 11. — Auteuil. Vendredi 12. — Saint-Cloud (Prix de Saint-Cloud). •Samedi 13. — Maisons-Laffitte (OptionaJ). Dimanche 14. — Auteuil. — Nice (Grand Prix). — Lyon.Lundi 15. —* Saint-Cloud. Mardi 16. Maisons-Laffitte. — Nice.Vendredi 19. — Maieon s-Laffitte. Fümanctie 21. — Auteuil. — Lyon. — Bordeaux. — Marseille.Lundi 22. — Saint-Cloud. — Lincoln. Mardi 23. — Enghien. Mercredi 24. — Le Tremblay. Jeudi 25. — Auteuil. Vendredi 26. — Maisons-Laffitte. •— Liverpool (Grand National).Samedi 27. — Saint-Ouen. Dimanche 28. — Auteuil. — Lyon. — Bordeaux. — Marseille.Lundi 29. — Saint-Cloud. Mardi 30. — Saint-Ouen. Mercredi 31. — Le Tremblay.PETITES ANNONCES. du“ som99iryglène. Occasions. Offres d’Emplois. Demandes d’Emplois. Maisons recommandées. Offres et Demandes de Capitaux. Offres et Demandes de Locations.Achais et Vestes de Propriétés Correspondances personnelles,For^s de CommerceCours et LeçonsAlimentation.Mariages.Divers.Les Petites Annonces sont insérées le Mercredi et le Samedi Prix : O fr. 50 la ligne de 3B lettres ou signesLes Petites Annonces doivent être adressées directement à Vagence de Publicité ÂRiÈS, 11, rue Si—Lazare, ParisGRANDE LOTERIE DES ARTISTES LYRIQUES621.100 Fr. de Lots payables en espèces1 Lot de 250.000 Fr. 1 Lot de 100.000. 1 Lot de 5G.0C0. EO Loif: de 1.000 • 142 Lots de 6C0. 1.00 i Lots de 100 •6 • • *250.000 Fr. 100.00050.000 50.000 71.000 10v.10J1.196 Lots de.621,100 Fr.Billet : UN franc. Tirage irrévocable 15 PÊVIiiEP 1909Adresser les demandes au siège de la Société des Artistes Lyriques, 110, boulevard Sébastopol, Paris.BULLETIN D’ACHATJe soussigné Nom, prénoms (écrire très lisiblement). Profession. —— RueDéparlement-déclare acheter.-Billets-de la LoterieCalendrier des CoursesFEVRIER Jeudi 4. — Vincennes (trot) — Pau. Dimanche 7. — Vincennes (trot) — Pau (Grand Prix).Jeudi 11. — Vincennes (trot). — Pau. Dimanche 14. — Vincennes (trot). — Pau. Lundi 15. — Auteuil. Mardi 16. — Vincennes (mixte). Jeudi 18. — Auteuil. Samedi 20. — Vincennes (trot). Dimanche 21. — Auteuil. Pau (trot). Lundi 22. — Vincennes (mixte). Mardi 23. — Auteuil. Mercredi 24. — Vincennes (trot). Jeudi 25. — Auteuil. Dimanche 28. — Auteuil.MARS Lundi Ie. — Vincennes (mixte). Mardi 2. — Saint-Ouen. Mercredi 3. — Vincennes (trot). Jeudi 4. — Auteuil. Jeudi 18. — Auteuil. — Nice. Mercredi 17. — Le Tremblay.P RIGRATUITEOfferte par le Journal SüE SOIR A ses ABONNES et LECTEURSdes Artistes Lyriques, ■— ■— ci-inclus ——francs pour.Billets.« -xzrsfc £sE»sà»K33Maafcà=aKWWWWWWWVMVoet ABON7Œ porteur de sa QUITTANCE D’ABONNEMENT, tout LEO four porteur de SIX BONS portant les dates consécutives pour les grandes personnes (DOUZE BONS pour les enfants au-dessous de 10 ans, pourra so présenter aux ateliers de notre PhotographeM. Edouard ALLEVY, 13, rue d’Odessa, — PARISqui exécutera à titre absolument gracieux (rien à payer) UN PORTRAIT SUR CARTE ALBUM procédé artistique ut inaltérable ; on livrera, moyennant SEPT FRANCS (prix exceptionnel) un agrandissement de 30x40 très RICHEMENT ENCADREIl suffirait, dans ce cas, relui confier une bonne photographieHEURES ET JOURS DE POSE Ve t h. à 4 h. tous les jours ; les dimanches et jours fériés, de 9 h à U fi matin. La même personne ne pourra se faire faire plus de deux portraits parTOUS LES REPUBLICAINS Lisent LE EOïBê,BULLETIN D'ABONNEMENTJe soussigné, déclare m'abonner au journal LE SOIR, du....VTrr.,ry m • • «Tè • • * • ♦ »7î • <M4. ..••••••••••••••. W. 19..Je joins la somme de. *.-r.-. francs.....^ centimes, montant du poix de mon abonnement. Signature,Nom • ë"e • • • •• ev.inre vent Adresse v... A c.v...le /<?..,Retourner ce bulletin et mandats à M. te Directeur du journal LE SOIR, 31, rue , BéRtère, Paris.0„ recherche 1.200.000 fr. p' former société ay. p» peut la filature l i |V V avlésine m(Klc!c P'u,.,dt le tès (je de R .11 IL Centre (main d œuvre ta-v Altaires 2 millions 1/2. Gros bénef. assures. Comptoir International <1« Paris. T.r.d Xinb'.isoditCHEMIN DE FER DU NORD '.iris Nord à Londres ovin Calais ou Boulogne,.Cinq services rapides quotidiens dans chaque ce Voie la plus rapide. Services officiels de la poste Viâ Calais). i t ires ranimés entre Pans, ta Belgique, laHollande, l'Allemagne, la Bussie, le lianemark, la Suïdc cl la Norvège.Trains de luxeToute l’année ^. Nard-E > pressa. — Tous les jours entre Paris 1 h jO. soin et Berlin. (A l'aller <xtain est a correspondance à Liège avec 1 Chtendel(» ici n pariant de Par^s le lundi continue ;r X armorie et ceux partant les mercredi etir Saint-Pétersbourg. Pt'ninsuhiire-E.rpress. — Départ de Londres le vendredi, t de Calais-Maritime. le samedi, à i ii 03 du malin, p< m* Turin, Alexandrie, Bol;cerne Brindisi, où il correspond avec le panabot de la Malle de l’Inde.CHEMINS DE FER DE L’ETATSuppression du délai et du droit de transmission aux points de jonction Etat-Ouest’ Vlmimstrntion des Chemins de fer de l’Etat nse du pu]pc deux modifications suivantes, consonces immédiates de l’incorporation du réi de l’Ouest aux Chemins de fer de l’Etat :• En premier lieu, les délais (trois lierres en grande vitesse, vingt-quatre sieurs en petite vitesse), que lient les ai ré tés ministériels pour la transmission des transports de toute nature, passant d'un réseau sur un au lie par une gare commune, surit supprimés à tous les points de jonction Ouest-Etat. Au point de vue des délais, les transports empruntant les deux réseaux sont donc considérés comme ne parcourant qu'un seul réseau.De même pour les expéditions transitant d’un roseau à l'autre qui acquittaient un droit de transmission fixé à 0 fr. '«0. Depuis le 1" janvier inv.. cc droit n’est plus i*rqu aux points de transit Etat-Ouest.Rappelons que les gais de jonction des deux réseaux sont celles d’Auneau-ville, Chartres. La Loupe. Nogent-le-Rotrou, Connu réveillé, Angers-Maitrc-Ecole et Nantes-Etat.CHEMIN DE FER DE PARI S-LYON-MEDITERRANEESERVICES DIRECTS ENTRE PARIS ET LC MAROC via Marseille)Billets simples, valables 15 jours, de Pa* ris à Tanger. — Par les paquebots de la Compagnie de navigation mixte (Touach.) : lw classe, 196 francs ; 2 classe, 136 francs ; 3e classe, 92 francs ; par les paquebots de la Compagnie Paquet : 1* classe, 196 francs ; 2e classe, 135 francs. Ces prix comprennent la nourriture à bord des paquebots. Arrêts facultatifs sur le réseau P.-L-M. Enregistrement direct des bagages de Paris à Tanger ou réciproquement.Délivrance des biler? à Paris : A la gare de Paris P.-L.-M. ; à l’agence de la Compagnie de navigation mixte (Compagnie Touache) chez M. Ueshois, 9, rue de Rome, (et dans les bureaux de la Société générais de transports maritimes à vapeur, rue Mébars, 8 pour les parcours à effectuer parles paquebots de la Compagnie Paquet. Pendant la saison d hiver, Paris et Marseille sont reliés par de nombreux trains rapides et de luxe composés de confortables voitures à bougies.I TjtPRIME GRATUIT du journal LS S©IIIBON PHOTOGRAPHIQUE du mardi 2 férierCollectionner 6 ou 12 journaux pour les remettre à notre Photographefi! .Edouard ALLEVY i 3, rue d'od>s>aNofa. — Bien tenir compte des jours I eî heures de pose.Services rapides entre Taris, la Belgique,, La Hollande, L'Allemagne, la Russie,le Danemark, la Sttéiia et laAoroegeTRAINS DE LUXEToute cannée ’ Mord.Express. — Tous les jours entre Pans (1 h. 50 soir) et Berlin. (A l'aller, ce train est en correspondance à I vole avec l'Vslende-Vienne).Le train partant de Paris le lundi car> fange sur Varsovie, et ceux partant les Mercredi et Samedi sur Saiint-Pétersbourg.Péninsuloire-Express. — Départ de Lon: ores le vendredi, et de Calaiis-Mnritime le samedi à 1 h. 03 matin pour Tuiin, Alex&n. soie, Bologne, Brindisi, où il correspond avec le paquebot de la Malle de l’Inde.DESIGNATION DES VALKÜRSdésignation DBS VA1STE3Préc 1 Dem. ûlotarefi coursD r i.rie 1909 • clôtureclôtureWLEMS FRANÇAISESCHEMINS DE FER DE PARIS-LYON MEDITERRANEE COURSES DE NICE Tir aux pigeons de Monaco Billets daller et retour de l1*, de 2* cl à prix réduits, de Paris pour Cannes, Nice et Menton, délivrés du 3 au 26 janvier 1909.Ces billets sont valables 20 jours divan] chues et fêtes compris) : leur validité peutêtre prolongée une ou deux fois de dix jours (dimanches et fêtes compris) moyenI1 liant le paiement pour chaque prolongation,d un supplément de 10 %. Ils donnent droit ù deux arrêts en cours de route, tant à l’aller qu’au retour. ' De Paris à Nice ovin Dijon, Lvon, Marj seille), lr’ classe : 182 fr(K). — 2* classe :131 francs 50.Î8.SUE0ESETHURINS. PRÈS DE liséra¥.V^ MASSAGE LAVAGE PISCINE V SALONS DE REPOSSALON DE COIFFURE PÉDiCURE, BUFFET HYDROTHÉRAPIE COMPLETESALLE OE GYMNASTIQUE. ; v BAINdesDAHES47 fit0 HAUSSMANNCHEMINS DE FER DE PAR1S-LYUN-MED1ÎERIUXN EL Fêtes sportives à Morez (Jura)Janvier-Février 1909 A l’occasion des Fêtes sportives de Morez, les coupons de retour des billets u aller et retour qui seront délivres pour Morez, du 28 Janvier au 2 Février 1909, par les gares situées dans un rayon de 220 kilomètres de cette ville, seront exceptionnellament salantes pendant 8 jours.CHEMINS DE FER DE PARIS-LTONMED1TERRANEELa Compagnie organise, avec le concours de la Société des Vayages Duchemin, l’excursion suivante :Egypta et Haute-Egypte Départs de Paris, les 16 janvier et 13 février 1909.Durée de l’excursion : 34 jouera Prix (tout frais compris), V® classe : 2.360 francs. 2e classe : 2.190 francs. S’adresser, pour renseignements et billets, aux Bureaux de la Société des Voyages’ Duchemin, 20, rue de Grammont, à Paris CHEMINS D||'EpR4Rls.LYON-MEDlTERRA.NEELa Compagnie organise, avec le concours de l’Agence des Voyages Nludcnies, les excursions suivantes :. , ,, ,. .lo Excursions n traîneau dans le Dauphiné et à Chamonlx. .Départ de Pars le samedi de chaque semaine, de janvier à lin mars 1909. Durée de l'excursion • 10 jours Prix (tous mis compris). lr‘ classe : 430 fr. ; 2' classe : 390 francs.2* Tunisie-Algérie :. ^ Dépa'-ts de Paris, les 17 janvier. 21 février et 28 mars 1909. Durée de l’excursion : 28 jours. Prix (tous frais compris). 1** classe : 1.050 lr. ; £• classe : 940 francs.Le COURRIER de la PRESSE BUREAU de COUPURES de JOURNAUX 21, Boulevard Montmartre. PARIS 2eFondé en 1889 Directeur : R. GALtliOIS âiressc Teieçr.: COUPOhES PARIS TÉLÉPHONE 101.60Ut, dwoup». Induit el fournit les articles de Joaroioi el Revues du Monde envier, sur tous sujets et personnalités le collaboialour iudispen:iLle des Articles, Lill-ratcur-, Com po.-ileurs, Savants. Hommes politique.-, Diplomates. Com merçjnls. Industriels, Kmaoeters, luruccusulles. Krtiditf, Inv. jus, citas du Monde, Entrepreneurs Explorateurs, Spoi t-.ie./i, etc. eu les teint au retirant de ce qui parait dante-; les Journaux el Revues, sur Eux mêmes et »ur taon Us sujet, qui les intéressentTARIF t 0 fr. 30 par Coupure surf redw.l, paie( Par 100 Coupures, 25 francs matit d’avance, sans 1 » 2."0 » 55 » période de temps Ui » 500 » Ift'i » attisé V * 4000 » 200 »6$ traite à fêtait peur 5 anu, 6 sushi, u te Tous iîs ordres ont valable jusqu'à avis contraireCASIER PARLEMENTAIRE Rôtovc <?^s Scrut.QS de vote? et NomeaclAture des TrftwâOides Seealeurs, Dêpfjics, Conseihers Muniet^oiot Conseillers GeacrausRépertoire de 1 rares! Officiel de la République frat^ÿ* PUBLICATION MENSUELLE -. <2 FRANCS PAR ANE PETIT s finP ■<’ARTISTES PEINTRES H?TOGRAPHCSDE LA PRÉSlDENeerue La facette, HtëtPARISL'Imprimeur-Gérant : Maxime CASSA1GNFImo. Française, 123, rue Montmartre J, DANGON.fonds D'ÉTAT FRANÇAIS ft » j % «mort FONDS GARANTISfouit % ,'onkin IX % f;d«9lascar 2 X % 1SS7 EMPRUNTS DE COLONIESâll*r!r S % 1902.... i4o-Cliine 3 X %•••57 M79 50>-1 : 'EMPRUNTS DE VILLESo. LU.'/1SR4 % 1M9 3 % 1871 B % — Quarts 1875 4 % 1876 « % 1892 t X % — Quarts i 1894 18% 2 X % Quarts 1898 2% — Quarts. 1899 2 % Métropolitain#., 1994 2 X iMttrepeHtainl.!— — risquâtes 1905 6 X tout payé VursriUe 1877 Amiens (Ville 4P 4 %) lerdean* 4% 1881 Lten 1880 8 % 519 50LUIOBLIG. CRÉDIT FONCIERlob. 1879 509 f. 5 % 2,66 % 5m. 10t f.. Feue. 1879 soe f. 3 % Oesn. 1883 50» f. î % /une. 1883 5W r. S % 1883 506 f. 2 86 % — 5— 166 f. •*. 1891 400 r. 3 % «M 8% «Imt. 1893 2 8» % 1892 2,69 % 306 f. 1ère* 1903 I Foncier «*S7 4e IM f. — — Algériens 1888....EjmU*" 4e France 1,9*6 fi140 180 75112 75101 ..5(M M50<7 72429 50*:u S i■ 77401 ..in 15soi ..ierqae de Frarcc toque de l Algérie — Paris et des Pays-Bas.. e— Transatlantiqne tempagnic Algerienn.-' Comptoir National dXicomjm. Crédit Foncier et agricole. daine— Foncier de France — Industriel et Commercial. — Lyonnais — Mobiv r Foncière Lyounaise ii J 73 Société Générale Banque Française Banque Internationale iliq.t....— Union Parisienne lesta Rente Foncière immeubles de France Immeuble. OUI. de 400 fr Obi. de 475 fr 108 0 Ctae-tiuc'aa r. à 600 fr 731 25 obi. a 3 % 5' ' • •''Départementaux « 361 251 — — Obi. 2me série Mcro. 98 23j — — oui. 3u» — ronge, 364 75, Economiques 3 % ....* 9 > 50 Fgt-AigèrteJt 4ID73J obi, 3 % I0S 50,'Est .7. 40.i 7u!| — jouissance ait)DLSIUW/DES VALET BSPn'e. I Dern. clôture cours516401 59 | -1852-1854-1356..— Obi. 5 — — 3 % — — 8 % coup — Z 46 — — S % t rdcnr.es Grande-Ceinture 3 % Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée Obi. Lyon 3 % 1855 — Bourbonnais 3 % — Dauphin* 3 % — Lyon-Genève 1855 8 %. — Méditerranée 5 % .... — — 1%.... — Fusion 3 % — — 3 % P.-U-M. 2X % — Victor-Emmanuel 3% Midi 7? — Jouissance — Obi. S % * — — non», série B.....Orléans — jouissance — Cbl. 3% — — S % 1884 coup — 2 X % 1895 — — Grand-Central 5 %. Ouest.. — jouissance — Obi. 3 % — — 3 % nouvelles — 2X% Ouest-Algérien Obi. 3 % 107. La Réunion chemin de fui 3 %. 3 8 ;",C Sod de la France 679 ..M ~ Obi. 3 % 218 .. Docks et Entrep. de Marseille... 69 5u Entrepôts et Man. gen. de Taris. 7i6 5U.| Eaux (C« Générale des) .. ..jjtias (France et Etranger) |Ci» Transatlantique ! Messageries maritimes I Métropolitain Nord-Sud de Paris Omnibus de Paris — art. de jouissance...... 421 2 1 Omnium Lyonnais ... ( 421 56, Parisienne ludnstrie 42 25 425 23, Est parisien Ci.Tramways français 428 .. Tramways sud pacisicnj, !«3Ü. Voitures à Paris 412 COjiO Générale de Traction 6G0. ; Association minière i39 50 Aguilas 4*0 75] Electro-Métallurgie 395 ..I Malfidano 439 C0,j — jouissance ... 06 raines d’or et Afrique Sud (Ode» 1373 .. Métaux (C« française) 4:0 50 Tennarcya 441 50 occis gemmes et nouille de Rusfc. 436. ! Panama (obi. et bous a lot#.... *3* • I Suct (Canal de) ,„i 651 .. Dynamite centrale 4.17 5 J , Etabiissemn Orosdi-Back........Au Printemps Tbomsou-llouston Raffinerie Say (ordinaires).,.... Mec t licite de Paris Wpbones (Soc. Industrielle»68 25I V ! 756^3 50437 75<93 431 30 9 :0 .. ,1 0 661 .. 439. 440 75 393 .. 441 .. 4 9.. 1313 .. 4.0 23 410 .. 437 ..655 .. 436 50 440 .. 442 .. 396 ..— — 2 X % série C. ..* » • fonFèst CTWKM58S6*1152 .. 580 .. 431 50 438 .. 395 .. 1765 .. 1364 .. 441 M 440 .. 408 .. 445 ..438 472 397684 433 437 55 395 5tt ,758 ..! {340 *441 446 4M 442 70FONDS D’ÉTATS ET RANG.Anglais consolidés 21/2 % Argentine prép.) 5 % 1886 6 % Autriche 4 % (or) 8 fl Moine 3% 1895 péri# e»30• • Brésil 4 X % 1SSS ! J| 4% 1889 î5< Bulgarie 5 % 1896 1 • Chine 1 % 1S9S (Russe) 1 25 I * 5 % 1898 1 jjj^engo (Lois) létal indépendt).. ii Egypte Dc"> unifiée — Obi. privilégiée 3 X % ••. — — Domaniale Espagne 4 % Extérieure » Haïti 1875 5 % — 1896 6 % Hellénique 5 % 1S81 — 5 % 1884 « — 4% 1887 Hongrois 4 % <or). —. 3 % 1895 italien 5 % — Victor-Emman. Obi. 1863. japon 4% ! roc 5 % 1894..’.’.".'.!*...’"/.*.’.*.!!v ' rocs rebat de) 5 % ,’arpège X % 1894 ‘Ot'éugaic 3 % 1853 à 1S84 — 4 X % Vabacs Î3mails9Si 9' amortissable, lasse 1S67-1S69 4 % — 1886 4 % Susse 1889 or 4 % 1890 4 % I» et > cm.).... 1890 4 % (4* cm.) 4 % or 1893 1894 (6» cm.) 4 % Cons. (Ire et 2e Srk-»).. 4 % Cons. (3me série) 3% or 1891, 3 X % «r 1894 • 3 % or 1896 | fusse Inter. Orient 4 % 1894...— Bons du Trésor 5 % 1894. — 5 % 1906 — 8 % Obi. (Ch. Transe.).... Serbe 4 % lamorl.t — (Monopoles) 5 % 1903 Suède 1890 3 X % — 1899 3 X % Suisse fédéral i % 1890 Turc 4 % unifie Ottomanes consolidation Douanes 5 % Ottoman 4 % 1894 Ottomanes 5 % Autriche 1860. Obi. 56* fr — Domaniales — 5 % argent Babia 1886 Espirito Saute 5 % _•••80 45 *76 .. ,VS !G83 75 10i 55! lui bo8V 8.0 81 50! 4K ••!:3 .. 5!9 "b83 03 108 35 10! 15 104 ..DESIGNATION DES VALKVBSPrêé c vêtureDem coursJ •• * --rsa*.VALEURS ÉTRAN3ÊRÉS221 50 475 .. 2 3.. *49 .. 215 609.1 .. 76. 10.1 05 391 .. 91 40 103 50 515 .. 50> ..222 4 657 50 *9S. 94 93 b> 60 63 SO 82 6025-1 "0 | 215 :09», <3 90 102 .. ; 1 ' 91 73 ! 102 25 , 513 .. 503 .. I56 70 499 3590 45 66 .. 8V ., 63 ..83 301 84 83 7070 05 74 53 68 .. 1 76 50; 515 50! 99 9077 50 *82 .. I94 50 *19 *88 50 478 5051».. 50 83 .. 63 05; 83 .. o:>! 70 6*1, 7k «g 68 30, 76 50, 51 i ai99 .. .. 70, 77 .. 431 ... 50 .99 75 92 97, 93 251 «75 251 «97 50 475Union et Phénix Espagnol Banque Espagnole de Crédit...» Banque Pays-Autrichiens — du Mexique — Ottomane 250 f. p — de Londres et Mexico.» Crédit foncier Autrichien 240 f. .— — Egyptien 125 f.... Andîlous (Chemins) — Obi. 3 % Ire série Autrichiens (Chemins) — Obi. 3 % lrr hypo. — — 2r hypot... Camss-Hamah variable — — privilégiée ÙflPbard» (Sud Autriche) ex.% «*-■ — série X Û5érfé.»;iaux nitrate Railways Co Nord de l’Espagne .....«> Obi. 3 % 1« hyp. ■> —2, hyp. * — — 3r hyp. •» — <• hyp. — » 5» hyp a» — Pampa» spCdes.. m> — Bltrcetoue prier. -» — A«t prie--. 1~ hyp.14 i 270691 715 59150267DESIGNATION DBS VALS033Ped brûluree / Dora ( ref cours ]DESIGNATION DBS VALEURSPréc 1Ô ûr’-'je-a. âges;. >J If DES v NDem coursDES 7AILLESPrit. I 0*13 Iôturej noire713 212 50] 212717 591 U 0 "13422286 434 106 276 230 426 625 216 333 383 375 373 369 373 366 371 373 369285 50 7.0i 16 25 183 45i 50îao Paul» 5 %.„ ardue à Séville 3% Uadajcz (0b!. hyp.) 3 % Foncier Canadien (0b|.) Obl.Fonc.co.3 Hoegrois%....•— Egyptien 3 % 1891...... Gaz de -Madrid 1 % Sosr indice 4 % Wagons-Lits 4 % 4C 8. ; tm .. a u 50280 ! 425 5059335 5i 386 i l) 374 5a .1*2 7. 369 50 3 2 5«),V 9 25 60504,. ,0 Duval (Etablissements/... écorces motrices du Rhône......Cusenicr iPistiflerie) 4Ci : Moulins de Corbeil 4 .1 : ..0 Incandescence (Bec Auetf lie Militaires t phosphates Gafsa Bicher saucé Ci») 1 ,c1 14 G131ACTIONS DIVERSES7 3 195 2 .1. ,80 192 c2 101223;Partosîls icw royale) — OMig. S % 1«* rang.,SakBivK à Coastaatinople tttraoossc (Madrid à) 3 % lr. hyp. Saragosse 3 % 2=» — — — dm. — Smyrbe à Cassaba 188.6 Thessalie Briansk Rio Tinte (action crdiuaiiK Sosaowke ichn Vouuage*.......3J3 20!) 335 413 392 fc9 386 470 117 ?701490363 50312 .. 504 ..493 ..519 ..314. 505 .12 25216 I 337Lantare Tabacs Ottomans — des Philippines. — Portugais. • • Thomson Méditerranée stylions) • 7S Banque du Nord 1143 Télégraphes du Xord — | Beira-Alta 8 6% • • Bel de l’Espagne S % Ouest de l’Espagne « % | 56 foOBiltfrttmnwwuuui •••50Cher:. Dakar à Saint-Louis..... — Economiques du 79‘rd.... Tramways Paris-Seine Annuités Léreuville-Sedan — Nord (Sec. Civile)..... — Orléans-ChMons de t'Indo-Cbiue........ Eatreprcneurs (Svus-Coœptvurf... Kami (Comptoir) — — Banlieue... — pr l’Etranger — de Vichy tact, de 575)..... Eclairage, Chactf. et Force mut, Gai et Eaux — (C» Centrale d’Ec’airj..... — Général de Paris Jaion des Gaz 1 « série Houillères Bcmbrowa 3S5 75''eu du Bolée 3*1 25 fermaux 7. 1 Escotebrcra-Blcybcrg 367. Jitrivoï-Kog lautium co l’r*)............... 3loUta-cl-!ladid » Nickel (Le! Aciéries de France *4 ..fcJoogwy le hrigaac Char i. et A tel. de la Gironde...— de U Loire Forges ChitiltouCommentry.... Pemmentry-FourcbamUault Dyle et Baealan » FtoîStiU» Forges-Aciéries Nord-Est de la Marine... de la Méditer..* Rateaux-Parisiens Chargeurs Réunis ...» Urbaine (voitures) Voitures de Paris jouissance).-. Agence Havas Annuaire Didot-Beltia Ardoisières de l’Anjou * Bénédictine de Fècau» Compteurs et *fcAéeiol*oias..oo«IfoiMtlMttItlUlltSli 33 208 v :>1035 395 4.54.10 75 6:5 .n .. 155 50 699. K 0 215..601 !.I roi) .. 27 i. 813 .. n r .. •V>7 .. J855 ..126 ..429 620 5 ) 1274 S0 150 .. 497 ..OBLIGATIONS DIVERSES2150 .. 2 9 50 •. 14>l*g?rtementanx 3% fl*»série?.. I.’-Moeî % jlàiie-Béthuue 3 % i Picardie et Flandre 3 % AàBtari'i. Tramways (Ci* Gi*) t.viit Colonial 429 t> — 350 Ér feue, Lyonn?5<« 3 % as. »— ceèveilea..»». Poclts da ouvre 3 % — de Marseille. — de Rwiec 5 % Magasins Généraux 4 % *12 J 4 ,:> .. 4-c; 59 17_> .. lut .fé.énLones sex. Indasj i %. ;Sues 5 ,, 3 s ; < ■) v — Evrie — Bor.s de csupuss.......499 .. 5 06 k0 483 .. »7.5 75 90 .119 SC 600 75 482 5t. 477 .. » rVALEURS ViNiÊRES;£r.Seldsdcora |C?«,.c Cep per ; t’camp d'Or ti.urti.vd Ve L'ccrs (prèTcrenoe) j — ordinaire) Cast R and • Freneh gland ... :•!!<Wuld 1 Geldeuhuis Estâtes 151. J£77 59 Taux (Ci* tildes) des) 3 %...8Ï.1 1405. 15 18 14505Ôl7 301495. asti 2 348 .1141 809 274 365326. It O) , 6,0. üi4 .. 1 n-s ..19317 1675 , b4Si % lise...... Eiiïs BauL-ue-Paris 3 3»a — pour «'Etranger 4 %«....* fera et Eaux 4 % — O Centrale 1 % — — 3 % ... ....... — Frc’••'•• et Etranger 4 %.... 1,'ju • — général de Paris. Eclair. Câauff. et Fc?ee mvtrtc* 499 50427 432 411 ;,ou 502 435 508 »•••; 497 504 U). 4404«3 412 505 51)5 4375'Il 435flongea Herse hue | GoldIJcIds ; -larpenvr. i,Uuua.haca Jeh.:nnîï5'.ag Vertrls ;Lcc:astcr L-tsIuagî? ! *,auici Grec...... i Mo» samedis. Xosani bique RüelfonteiH land Mines Robinson-Ocld situe aie: aud éaclt..19! ,0 7 73 21 .. ! 8*6 ..1 2-83 30 m 394 ..■13 ..! 67 >>6 50 34 20 1C9 >0 l' 59 MAS .79 .. 23 7s!. 751190 SI 8 56 20 78 369 .. 290 .. 110 50 403 5022 50 70 50 38 73 39 .. 156 0 118 5083 514 33 25• V! 50 ! Union des 6ax 3 X %111 1 99-447lofai'1**M .,17.0 ..17.9 .1.362 ..13*2..J279 ..12.1 .ü;o .555 ..5 0..839 .v0 ) ..13S ( ..138')H72 ..1212 .,*31 ..239 .409 .3901 ,. ..•9020 ..19 .790 ..7-8 .1218 ..1*13 .i:1823 !, *33 2a ,1 4V« •. *99 ..458407 üOi iiCh.a-fconuages Toufcin à % M.Uüdauo 4 % Nickel 4 % Aciéries de France 4 % (à6uj,.,. rives-l.ille 1 % Métaux 4 % Bateaux Parisiens 4 % (306).... Messageries 4 % Omnibus 4 % Î N % Jrbaines Voitures 5 Voitures a Paris 3 X .-•••••• Ci* Transatlantique î % «4 jables télégraphique. S % 278— 4 % Transatlantique*•>»• 369.. Detal 4 % 1892 306.. Moulins de Corbeil 4 X %•,..•*• Jardin d'Aeclimatation 5%...*• • • liés Militaires 4 % 605 Boa» de la t3 24P <1 «>’ O» vl* Oiv a MIVI Wl 5,0 forcis TriLSvaa! Village Main Reefc V^i.uib;' |C. NouveUei •.567 5i2 .00 4S8 530496 506175 75 3’8 ..4v0 50.' 496374263 72, Sôiiàj70 50 56 254 25 13 .. 4 i 50 190 .. *57 ..52 50 148 ..57 73 101 ..VALEURS Eh BANQUEBrésil 5 % h, Ottomans, Lots Turcs.... — Bruxelles 1886 Madrid JîïS Ouï‘provienne Buta Baukowa (Jouissance!.. Zinc Vieille Monugae Monaco (Cercla) iGicquicecs) plaques Lumière Obi. C» Auxil. des Ch.de 6».— Méridionales Biecti LUIe-Roubaix-Teeroeing 55. «f. Fenc. Üut. Ross. 4 X-*..* 606 5,0 AJooac.0 oblige, 413» d:> .. 175 5069 .. 51 »* .. |
github_open_source_100_1_572 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | # Copyright 2017 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
# file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
# http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
# <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
# option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
# except according to those terms.
set -ex
curl -s https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-3.81.tar.gz | tar xzf -
cd make-3.81
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
cd ..
rm -rf make-3.81
|
github_open_source_100_1_573 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | //
// BHRCoreDataErrorManager.m
// BHRExtensions
//
// Created by Benedikt Hirmer on 6/1/14.
// Copyright (c) 2014 HIRMER.me. All rights reserved.
//
#import "BHRCoreDataErrorManager.h"
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "UIApplication+BHRVersionInfo.h"
@implementation BHRCoreDataErrorManager
#pragma mark - Actions
- (void)showErrorAlert
{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^
{
UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"Unresolved error!", nil)
message:NSLocalizedString(@"An unresolved error occurred when trying to save your changes. \n\nPlease restart the app and try again.", nil)
delegate:self
cancelButtonTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:NSLocalizedString(@"Quit %@", nil), [UIApplication appName]]
otherButtonTitles:nil];
[alert show];
});
}
#pragma mark - UIAlertViewDelegate
- (void)alertView:(UIAlertView *)alertView clickedButtonAtIndex:(NSInteger)buttonIndex
{
if ([[alertView title] isEqualToString:NSLocalizedString(@"Unresolved error!", nil)])
{
abort();
}
}
#pragma mark - Singleton
static BHRCoreDataErrorManager *sharedManager = nil;
+ (BHRCoreDataErrorManager *)sharedManager
{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
sharedManager = [[self alloc] init];
});
return sharedManager;
}
+ (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
@synchronized(self) {
if (sharedManager == nil) {
return [super allocWithZone:zone];
}
}
return nil;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
return self;
}
@end
|
github_open_source_100_1_574 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;
using UnityEditor;
namespace EasyLayout {
[CustomEditor(typeof(EasyLayout), true)]
[CanEditMultipleObjects]
public class EasyLayoutEditor : Editor
{
Dictionary<string,SerializedProperty> sProperties = new Dictionary<string,SerializedProperty>();
string[] properties = new string[]{
"GroupPosition",
"Stacking",
"LayoutType",
"RowAlign",
"InnerAlign",
"CellAlign",
"Spacing",
"Symmetric",
"Margin",
"MarginTop",
"MarginBottom",
"MarginLeft",
"MarginRight",
"TopToBottom",
"RightToLeft",
"SkipInactive",
/*
"ControlWidth",
"MaxWidth",
"ControlHeight",
"MaxHeight",
*/
"ChildrenWidth",
"ChildrenHeight",
};
bool AutoUpdate = true;
protected virtual void OnEnable()
{
Array.ForEach(targets, x => ((EasyLayout)x).Upgrade());
sProperties.Clear();
Array.ForEach(properties, x => sProperties.Add(x, serializedObject.FindProperty(x)));
}
public override void OnInspectorGUI()
{
serializedObject.Update();
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["GroupPosition"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["Stacking"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["LayoutType"], true);
EditorGUI.indentLevel++;
if (sProperties["LayoutType"].enumValueIndex==0)
{
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["RowAlign"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["InnerAlign"], true);
}
if (sProperties["LayoutType"].enumValueIndex==1)
{
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["CellAlign"], true);
}
EditorGUI.indentLevel--;
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["Spacing"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["Symmetric"], true);
if (sProperties["Symmetric"].boolValue)
{
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["Margin"], true);
}
else
{
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["MarginTop"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["MarginBottom"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["MarginLeft"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["MarginRight"], true);
}
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["SkipInactive"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["RightToLeft"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["TopToBottom"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["ChildrenWidth"], true);
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["ChildrenHeight"], true);
/*
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["ControlWidth"], true);
if (sProperties["ControlWidth"].boolValue)
{
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["MaxWidth"], true);
}
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["ControlHeight"], true);
if (sProperties["ControlHeight"].boolValue)
{
EditorGUILayout.PropertyField(sProperties["MaxHeight"], true);
}
*/
if (targets.Length==1)
{
var script = (EasyLayout)target;
EditorGUILayout.LabelField("Block size", string.Format("{0}x{1}", script.BlockSize.x, script.BlockSize.y));
EditorGUILayout.LabelField("UI size", string.Format("{0}x{1}", script.UISize.x, script.UISize.y));
}
serializedObject.ApplyModifiedProperties();
if (AutoUpdate)
{
UpdateLayout();
}
else
{
if (GUILayout.Button("Apply"))
{
UpdateLayout();
}
}
}
void UpdateLayout()
{
Array.ForEach(targets, x => ((EasyLayout)x).UpdateLayout());
}
}
} |
github_open_source_100_1_575 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2012, Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* o Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list
* of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* o Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
* other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* o Neither the name of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
* software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
* ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
* ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "epdc/epdc_regs.h"
#include "epdc/epdc.h"
#include "epdc/waveform_data.h"
#include "epdc/fsl_image.h"
#include "registers/regsepdc.h"
#include "sdk.h"
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CODE
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*!
* @brief Check the waveform data
*
* @param wv_buf_orig expected waveform data
* @param wv_buf_cur current waveform data
* @param wv_buf_size total waveform data size
*
* @return TRUE for match and False for mismatch
*/
static int check_waveform(unsigned int *wv_buf_orig, unsigned int *wv_buf_cur,
unsigned int wv_buf_size)
{
int i;
int is_mismatch = FALSE;
for (i = 0; i < wv_buf_size; i++) {
if (wv_buf_orig[i] != wv_buf_cur[i]) {
is_mismatch = TRUE;
printf("Waveform Mismatch - wv_buf_orig[%d] = 0x%x, wv_buf_cur[%d] = 0x%x\n",
i, wv_buf_orig[i], i, wv_buf_cur[i]);
}
}
return is_mismatch;
}
/*!
* @brief Clock gate setting for the EPD controller
*/
static void epdc_clk_gate(int on_off)
{
/* zero for normal operation */
if (on_off) {
// Enable clock gating (clear to enable)
HW_EPDC_CTRL_CLR(EPDC_CTRL_CLKGATE);
} else {
// Disable clock gating
HW_EPDC_CTRL_SET(EPDC_CTRL_CLKGATE);
}
}
void epdc_reset(void)
{
HW_EPDC_CTRL_SET(EPDC_CTRL_SFTRST);
while (!(HW_EPDC_CTRL_RD() & EPDC_CTRL_CLKGATE)) ;
HW_EPDC_CTRL_CLR(EPDC_CTRL_SFTRST); // clear the soft reset
epdc_clk_gate(TRUE);
while (HW_EPDC_CTRL_RD() & (EPDC_CTRL_SFTRST | EPDC_CTRL_CLKGATE)) ;
}
/*!
* @brief Set the update data swizzles, which will indicate how to swap
* the data before the Write Buffer is constructed
*
* @param upd_swizzle Data swap mode
*/
static void epdc_set_update_swizzle(unsigned int upd_swizzle)
{
HW_EPDC_CTRL_CLR(EPDC_CTRL_UPD_DATA_SWIZZLE_MASK);
HW_EPDC_CTRL_SET(upd_swizzle);
}
/*!
* @brief Set the LUT data swizzles
*
* @param lut_swizzle Data swap mode
*/
static void epdc_set_lut_swizzle(unsigned int lut_swizzle)
{
HW_EPDC_CTRL_CLR(EPDC_CTRL_LUT_DATA_SWIZZLE_MASK);
HW_EPDC_CTRL_SET(lut_swizzle);
}
/*!
* @brief Set the waveform data address
*
* @param addr Waveform data address
*/
static void epdc_set_waveform_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
HW_EPDC_WVADDR_WR(addr);
}
/*!
* @brief Set the temperature
*
* @param temp Temperature index, which is not the real degree but an
* index to look-up table
*/
static void epdc_set_temp(unsigned int temp)
{
HW_EPDC_TEMP_WR(temp);
}
/*!
* @brief Set the resolution of the screen
*
* @param width width of panel resolution
* @param height height of panel resolution
*/
static void epdc_set_screen_res(unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
{
HW_EPDC_RES_WR((height << EPDC_RES_VERTICAL_OFFSET) | width);
}
/*!
* @brief Set the EPDC working buffer address
*
* @param addr working buffer address
*/
static void epdc_set_working_buf_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
HW_EPDC_WB_ADDR_WR(addr);
#ifdef CHIP_MX6SL // Note: this is not documented in headers
writel(addr, EPDC_PIGEON_16_1);
#endif
}
void epdc_set_update_addr(unsigned int addr)
{
HW_EPDC_UPD_ADDR_WR(addr);
}
void epdc_set_update_coord(unsigned int x, unsigned int y)
{
HW_EPDC_UPD_CORD_WR((y << EPDC_UPD_CORD_YCORD_OFFSET) | x);
}
void epdc_set_update_dimensions(unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
{
HW_EPDC_UPD_SIZE_WR((height << EPDC_UPD_SIZE_HEIGHT_OFFSET) | width);
}
void epdc_submit_update(unsigned int lut_num, unsigned int waveform_mode,
unsigned int update_mode, int use_test_mode, unsigned int np_val)
{
unsigned int reg_val = 0;
if (use_test_mode) {
HW_EPDC_UPD_FIXED_WR(((np_val << EPDC_UPD_FIXED_FIXNP_OFFSET) &
EPDC_UPD_FIXED_FIXNP_MASK) | EPDC_UPD_FIXED_FIXNP_EN);
reg_val = EPDC_UPD_CTRL_USE_FIXED;
} else {
reg_val = 0;
HW_EPDC_UPD_FIXED_WR(reg_val);
}
reg_val |=
((lut_num << EPDC_UPD_CTRL_LUT_SEL_OFFSET) &
EPDC_UPD_CTRL_LUT_SEL_MASK) |
((waveform_mode << EPDC_UPD_CTRL_WAVEFORM_MODE_OFFSET) &
EPDC_UPD_CTRL_WAVEFORM_MODE_MASK) | update_mode;
HW_EPDC_UPD_CTRL_WR(reg_val);
}
int epdc_is_lut_complete(unsigned int lut_num)
{
unsigned int val = HW_EPDC_IRQ_RD();
int is_compl = val & (1 << lut_num) ? TRUE : FALSE;
return is_compl;
}
void epdc_clear_lut_complete_irq(unsigned int lut_num)
{
HW_EPDC_IRQ_CLR(1 << lut_num);
}
int epdc_is_lut_active(unsigned int lut_num)
{
unsigned int val = 0;
int is_active = 0;
if (lut_num < 32) {
val = HW_EPDC_STATUS_LUTS1_RD();
} else {
val = HW_EPDC_STATUS_LUTS2_RD();
lut_num = lut_num % 32;
}
is_active = val & (1 << lut_num) ? TRUE : FALSE;
return is_active;
}
int epdc_any_luts_active(void)
{
int any_active = HW_EPDC_STATUS_LUTS1_RD() & HW_EPDC_STATUS_LUTS2_RD()? TRUE : FALSE;
return any_active;
}
int epdc_any_luts_available(void)
{
int luts_available =
(HW_EPDC_STATUS_NEXTLUT_RD() & EPDC_STATUS_NEXTLUT_NEXT_LUT_VALID) ? TRUE : FALSE;
return luts_available;
}
int epdc_get_next_lut(void)
{
unsigned int val = HW_EPDC_STATUS_NEXTLUT_RD() & EPDC_STATUS_NEXTLUT_NEXT_LUT_MASK;
return val;
}
int epdc_is_working_buffer_busy(void)
{
unsigned int val = HW_EPDC_STATUS_LUTS1_RD() & HW_EPDC_STATUS_LUTS2_RD();
int is_busy = (val & EPDC_STATUS_WB_BUSY) ? TRUE : FALSE;
return is_busy;
}
int epdc_is_working_buffer_complete(void)
{
unsigned int val = HW_EPDC_IRQ_RD();
int is_compl = (val & EPDC_IRQ_WB_CMPLT_IRQ) ? TRUE : FALSE;
return is_compl;
}
int epdc_is_collision(void)
{
unsigned int val = HW_EPDC_IRQ_RD();
int is_compl = (val & EPDC_IRQ_LUT_COL_IRQ) ? TRUE : FALSE;
return is_compl;
}
void epdc_dump_registers(void)
{
unsigned int reg = EPDC_BASE_ADDR;
for (reg = EPDC_BASE_ADDR; reg < EPDC_BASE_ADDR + 0x800; reg += 0x10)
printf("reg %08x : %08x\n", reg, readl(reg));
}
/*!
* @brief Set the horizontal timing per the panel
*
* @param horiz_start blanking start in horizontal
* @param horiz_end blanking end in horizontal
* @param hsync_width sync width
* @param hsync_line_length active line width
*/
static void epdc_set_horizontal_timing(unsigned int horiz_start, unsigned int horiz_end,
unsigned int hsync_width, unsigned int hsync_line_length)
{
unsigned int reg_val =
((hsync_width << EPDC_TCE_HSCAN1_LINE_SYNC_WIDTH_OFFSET) &
EPDC_TCE_HSCAN1_LINE_SYNC_WIDTH_MASK)
| ((hsync_line_length << EPDC_TCE_HSCAN1_LINE_SYNC_OFFSET) &
EPDC_TCE_HSCAN1_LINE_SYNC_MASK);
HW_EPDC_TCE_HSCAN1_WR(reg_val);
reg_val = ((horiz_start << EPDC_TCE_HSCAN2_LINE_BEGIN_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_HSCAN2_LINE_BEGIN_MASK)
| ((horiz_end << EPDC_TCE_HSCAN2_LINE_END_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_HSCAN2_LINE_END_MASK);
HW_EPDC_TCE_HSCAN2_WR(reg_val);
}
/*!
* @brief Set the horizontal timing per the panel
*
* @param vert_start blanking start in vertical
* @param vert_end blanking end in vertical
* @param vsync_width sync width
*/
void epdc_set_vertical_timing(unsigned int vert_start, unsigned int vert_end,
unsigned int vsync_width)
{
unsigned int reg_val =
((vert_start << EPDC_TCE_VSCAN_FRAME_BEGIN_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_VSCAN_FRAME_BEGIN_MASK)
| ((vert_end << EPDC_TCE_VSCAN_FRAME_END_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_VSCAN_FRAME_END_MASK)
| ((vsync_width << EPDC_TCE_VSCAN_FRAME_SYNC_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_VSCAN_FRAME_SYNC_MASK);
HW_EPDC_TCE_VSCAN_WR(reg_val);
}
void epdc_init_settings(void)
{
unsigned int reg_val;
int left_margin, right_margin, xres, yres, upper_margin, lower_margin, hsync_len, vsync_len;
int vscan_holdoff, sdoed_width, sdoed_delay, sdoez_width, sdoez_delay, gdclk_hp_offs, gdsp_offs,
gdoe_offs, gdclk_offs, num_ce;
/*set timming for E060 panel, fresh rate is 85, pclk is 26.667MHz */
left_margin = 8;
right_margin = 100;
upper_margin = 4;
lower_margin = 8;
hsync_len = 4;
vsync_len = 1;
xres = EPDC_HSIZE;
yres = EPDC_VSIZE;
/*set scan mode */
vscan_holdoff = 4;
sdoed_width = 10;
sdoed_delay = 20;
sdoez_width = 10;
sdoez_delay = 20;
gdclk_hp_offs = 419;
gdsp_offs = 20;
gdoe_offs = 0;
gdclk_offs = 5;
num_ce = 1;
/* Reset */
epdc_reset();
/* EPDC_CTRL, set data format, no data swizzle */
epdc_set_update_swizzle(EPDC_CTRL_UPD_DATA_SWIZZLE_ALL_BYTES_SWAP);
epdc_set_lut_swizzle(EPDC_CTRL_LUT_DATA_SWIZZLE_NO_SWAP);
/* EPDC_FORMAT - 2bit TFT and 4bit Buf pixel format, truncate data */
reg_val = EPDC_FORMAT_TFT_PIXEL_FORMAT_2BIT
| EPDC_FORMAT_BUF_PIXEL_FORMAT_P4N
| ((0x0 << EPDC_FORMAT_DEFAULT_TFT_PIXEL_OFFSET) & EPDC_FORMAT_DEFAULT_TFT_PIXEL_MASK);
HW_EPDC_FORMAT_WR(reg_val);
/* EPDC_FIFOCTRL (disabled) */
reg_val = ((100 << EPDC_FIFOCTRL_FIFO_INIT_LEVEL_OFFSET) & EPDC_FIFOCTRL_FIFO_INIT_LEVEL_MASK)
| ((200 << EPDC_FIFOCTRL_FIFO_H_LEVEL_OFFSET) & EPDC_FIFOCTRL_FIFO_H_LEVEL_MASK)
| ((100 << EPDC_FIFOCTRL_FIFO_L_LEVEL_OFFSET) & EPDC_FIFOCTRL_FIFO_L_LEVEL_MASK);
HW_EPDC_FIFOCTRL_WR(reg_val);
/* EPDC_TEMP - 8 for room temperature */
epdc_set_temp(8);
/* EPDC_RES */
epdc_set_screen_res(EPDC_HSIZE, EPDC_VSIZE);
/* EPDC_WB_ADDR */
epdc_set_working_buf_addr(WB_DATA_ADDR);
/* EPDC_WV_ADDR */
epdc_set_waveform_addr(WV_DATA_ADDR);
/*
* EPDC_TCE_CTRL
* VSCAN_HOLDOFF = 4
* VCOM_MODE = MANUAL
* VCOM_VAL = 0
* DDR_MODE = DISABLED
* LVDS_MODE_CE = DISABLED
* LVDS_MODE = DISABLED
* DUAL_SCAN = DISABLED
* SDDO_WIDTH = 8bit
* PIXELS_PER_SDCLK = 4
*/
reg_val = ((4 << EPDC_TCE_CTRL_VSCAN_HOLDOFF_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_CTRL_VSCAN_HOLDOFF_MASK)
| EPDC_TCE_CTRL_PIXELS_PER_SDCLK_4;
HW_EPDC_TCE_CTRL_WR(reg_val);
/* EPDC_TCE_HSCAN */
epdc_set_horizontal_timing(left_margin, right_margin, hsync_len, hsync_len);
/* EPDC_TCE_VSCAN */
epdc_set_vertical_timing(upper_margin, lower_margin, vsync_len);
/* EPDC_TCE_OE */
reg_val = ((sdoed_width << EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOED_WIDTH_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOED_WIDTH_MASK)
| ((sdoed_delay << EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOED_DLY_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOED_DLY_MASK)
| ((sdoez_width << EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOEZ_WIDTH_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOEZ_WIDTH_MASK)
| ((sdoez_delay << EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOEZ_DLY_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_OE_SDOEZ_DLY_MASK);
HW_EPDC_TCE_OE_WR(reg_val);
/* EPDC_TCE_TIMING1 */
HW_EPDC_TCE_TIMING1_WR(0);
/* EPDC_TCE_TIMING2 */
reg_val = ((gdclk_hp_offs << EPDC_TCE_TIMING2_GDCLK_HP_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_TIMING2_GDCLK_HP_MASK)
| ((gdsp_offs << EPDC_TCE_TIMING2_GDSP_OFFSET_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_TIMING2_GDSP_OFFSET_MASK);
HW_EPDC_TCE_TIMING2_WR(reg_val);
/* EPDC_TCE_TIMING3 */
reg_val =
((gdoe_offs << EPDC_TCE_TIMING3_GDOE_OFFSET_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_TIMING3_GDOE_OFFSET_MASK)
| ((gdclk_offs << EPDC_TCE_TIMING3_GDCLK_OFFSET_OFFSET) &
EPDC_TCE_TIMING3_GDCLK_OFFSET_MASK);
HW_EPDC_TCE_TIMING3_WR(reg_val);
/*
* EPDC_TCE_SDCFG
* SDCLK_HOLD = 1
* SDSHR = 1
* NUM_CE = 1
* SDDO_REFORMAT = FLIP_PIXELS
* SDDO_INVERT = DISABLED
* PIXELS_PER_CE = display horizontal resolution
*/
reg_val = EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_SDCLK_HOLD | EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_SDSHR
| ((num_ce << EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_NUM_CE_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_NUM_CE_MASK)
| EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_SDDO_REFORMAT_FLIP_PIXELS
| ((EPDC_HSIZE << EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_PIXELS_PER_CE_OFFSET) & EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_PIXELS_PER_CE_MASK);
HW_EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_WR(reg_val);
/*
* EPDC_TCE_GDCFG
* GDRL = 1
* GDOE_MODE = 0;
* GDSP_MODE = 0;
*/
reg_val = EPDC_TCE_SDCFG_GDRL;
HW_EPDC_TCE_GDCFG_WR(reg_val);
/*
* EPDC_TCE_POLARITY
* SDCE_POL = ACTIVE LOW
* SDLE_POL = ACTIVE HIGH
* SDOE_POL = ACTIVE HIGH
* GDOE_POL = ACTIVE HIGH
* GDSP_POL = ACTIVE LOW
*/
reg_val = EPDC_TCE_POLARITY_SDLE_POL_ACTIVE_HIGH
| EPDC_TCE_POLARITY_SDOE_POL_ACTIVE_HIGH | EPDC_TCE_POLARITY_GDOE_POL_ACTIVE_HIGH;
HW_EPDC_TCE_POLARITY_WR(reg_val);
/* EPDC_IRQ_MASK */
HW_EPDC_IRQ_MASK_WR(0x0007FFFF);
/*
* EPDC_GPIO
*/
reg_val = ((0 << EPDC_GPIO_PWRCTRL_OFFSET) & EPDC_GPIO_PWRCTRL_MASK)
| ((0 << EPDC_GPIO_BDR_OFFSET) & EPDC_GPIO_BDR_MASK);
HW_EPDC_GPIO_WR(reg_val);
}
void epdc_buffer_init(void)
{
memcpy((void *)WV_DATA_ADDR, wv_data, WV_SIZE * 4);
memset((void *)WB_DATA_ADDR, 0x00, EPDC_VSIZE * EPDC_HSIZE / 2 * 4);
memset((void *)UPD_BUFFER_MODE_0_ADDR, 0xFF, EPDC_VSIZE * EPDC_HSIZE / 2 * 4);
}
void epdc_load_image(void)
{
memcpy((void *)IMAGE_STORE_0_ADDR, fsl_gray_600x230, 600 * 230);
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// EOF
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
|
279599_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Sir Charles Falkland Loewen, britanski general kanadskega rodu, * 17. september 1900, Vancouver, Britanska Kolumbija, Kanada, † 17. avgust 1986.
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|
bsb00085673_46 | German-PD | Public Domain | In Vorveransetzung ist LV sestirilinniseksn Lisonbnbnsn kalt mnn äsn Rückknuk äsr Labn kür sioksr. LInn bokkt aueb, änss äis Oiviäonäe, äis im Vorinbr 8 L. botrug, stvns köksr bemessen vsräsn könns, än an äsn Lpsssn Lrspnrungen gsmnokt vuräen. Oiissoläork, 5. Liov. Loklonwnrkt liegt gut. L.isonmnrkt rubig. v. LVion, 6. Llov. (? r i v n t t 0 10 g r a m m.) vsr Vorveransetzungsrnt äer türkisobon Ktnntssekulä bssokloss von äsr Abstempelung äsr Rürksnloss Um gang 2u nebmsn, äis Abtrennung äsr Coupons virä vom 10. Lovsmbsr sb vorgonommsn. k> LlsUanä, 2. Lov. (? r i v s t t s I 0 g 1 n m w.) Zvi- sebsn äsr Banen Oommsrolnls unä äsr Oruppe äss itnlionisobvn Lisontrusts ist äis 8okvi- äung psrkskt gsvoräsn. vis Lnnen Oommsioinls gab snmtlioks 2Ui Lmission übornommsnsn LVsrte äss Irusts, vis Lsrni-, Lnvonn-, LIbn-, Llulini-, -lltn Itslin-Iitrss, nn äis Orupps Lurück, velobs äis Lrrioktuug oiuss sigsnsn Lnnkinstituts bsabsicktigt. kroäukttzndörsen unä Märkte. * Lsrlin, 5.Rov. Oetreiäsmarkt. LVeiasn per Osasmber 161.50, per Lisi 166.50, per ,Iuli —. — Roggen per Reaembsr 184.00, per Llai 138.75, per .juli —. — Lsksr per Lsasmber —, per Llai 132.75. — Klais, amerikaniseksr Llixoä, per Der. 110.25, per Llai —. — Rüböl per veaeinber 47.60, per Nai 47.60. Lpiritus 70sr loko —. Lmssta —. LVettsr: Lsäsokt. " Vntvvrpon, 5. Rov. Lstroleummarkt. RaKnisrtes dyxs vsiss loko 213/^ bsr. u. Lr., per Rovember 213/^ Lr., per Dsa.- .lanuar 22 >/j Lr., per ,7»nuar-L.xril 22'/; Lr. 'Lsnäsua: Lest,— Oetreiäsmarkt. LVeisen rubig, Roggen dskauxtst, Raksr rnkig, Osrsts bsbauptst. * Lvnäon, 5. Hov. .javasuoksr 9» 9 ä nominell. y. Kvnäon, 8. Rov. Metallbörse. Rupksr 8tanäarä 5810, Luxksr 3 Llonats 577/g-, Zinn Ltraits Oask 117'/g, Zinn 3 Llonats 118.00; Lisi, spanisok 11>K, Llei, englisvk —; Zinn, Oräin. Lrnnäs Ll'/j, Zinn, Zpeeial Lrsnäs —. Liverpool, 6. Rov., 417kr 23 Lini. (Launvolle.) Telegramm von Ortgang u. Co. Lesekurse. Hinaus in Disposition 70M Lallen, (Benzinss: 8edr kst. 4.Rov. 5. Rov. Hinaus-Disponibel Rovsberg-Der Rovsberg-Verschlug Jänner-Februar-Verschlug Februar-März-Verschlug April-Verschlug Juli-August-Verschlug August-September-Verschlug September-Oktober-Verschlug Oktober-November-Verschlug November-Dezember-Verschlug Dezember-Jänner-Verschlug 5.88 5.61 5.57 5.56 5.55 5.88 6.75 5.71 6.70 308. Doch auf dem mit gewohnter Ausdauer verfolgten Wege der Proposition bereits Erfolge erreicht, die es Dem Ziele, Großbritanniens Nachbar an der Nordgrenze Indiens zu werden, um ein Wesentliches näher bringen. Lettisches Seich. Zur Kaiservegegnung in Wolfsgarten. W. Darmstadt, 6. Nov. (Telegramm.) Bei der gestrigen Hofseite in Wolfs Garten saßen die beiden Kaiser nebeneinander, gegenüber dem Großherzog von Hessen. Rechts vom Kaiser Wilhelm fand die Kaiserin von Russland. Es folgten: Prinz Heinrich von Preußen und Prinz Andreas von Griechenland. Links vom Kaiser Nikolaus saßen die Prinzessinnen Andreas von Griechenland und Friedrich Karl von Hessen und Graf Lamsdorff. Es folgten: der Reichskanzler Graf von Bülow, der Baron Fredericks und der Staatsminister Rothe. Der Reichskanzler Graf v. Bülow wurde, als er gestern Vormittag hier ankam, auf dem Bahnhof von dem preußischen Gesandten Prinzen zu Hohenlohe empfangen. Kurz nach Eintreffen im großherzoglichen Schloß erhielt der Reichskanzler den Besuch des hessischen Ministerpräsidenten Rothe. An dem Frühstück im Hotel Britannia beim Grafen Lamsdorff, das um 11 Uhr stattfand, nahmen auch der Prinz von Hohenlohe und der russische Gesandte, Fürst Kudaschew, teil. Die Konferenz der beiden Minister nach dem Frühstück dauerte bis gegen 5 Uhr. w. Egelsbach, 6. Nov. (Telegramm.) Der Deutsche Kaiser und Kaiserin ist gestern Abend 9-sts Uhr nach herzlicher Verabschiedung vom Zaren nach Station Wildpark Abgereist. Beide Kaiser drückten einander bei der Verabschiedung mehrmals die Hände. Auch vom Grafen Lamsdorff verabschiedete sich Kaiser Wilhelm in sehr herzlicher Weise. Die Verabschiedung des Grafen Lamsdorff vom Reichskanzler Grafen Bülow war ebenfalls sehr herzlich. Unter lebhaften Hurrarufen setzte sich der Hofzug in Bewegung. Reform des Börsengesetzes. vl. Berlin, 5. Nov. Die Vorarbeiten für die Reform des Börsengesetzes sind schon seit längerer Zeit beendet. Demnächst wird sich der Bundesrat mit dem Entwurf zu beschäftigen haben, so daß nach Erledigung des Reformwerkes durch diese Instanz der Entwurf dem Reichstag jederzeit vorgelegt werden kann. Zur Frage der Reichsfinanzreform. Unsere Annahme, dass das Zentrum, indem es eine Änderung der Erhebung der Matricularbeiträge anregt, die Absicht kundgibt, an einer gründlichen Finanzreform mit dem Ziel einer reinlichen Scheidung der Reichsfinanzen von den einzelstaatlichen Finanzen nicht mitzuwirken, wird vielfach geteilt. An und für sich ist ja eine Reform der Erhebungsweise der Matricularbeiträge erwünscht, und auch ein Festhalten der Matricularbeiträge scheint eine Fortführung der Reichsfinanzreform nicht völlig auszuschließen. Dann müßten aber vor allem auf eine Beseitigung der Franckensteinschen Klausel und auf einen Ersatz dieser föderativen Garantie durch eine von liberaler Seite wiederholt schon geforderte konstitutionelle Garantie Bedacht genommen werden. Für eine Fortführung der Reichsfinanzreform in dieser Richtung soll auch ein Teil der Bundesregierungen sein. Zu den Handelsvertragsverhandlungen. Wie die Berliner Politischen Nachrichten mitteilen, lässt sich der Zeitpunkt der Einbringung der neuen Handelsverträge um so weniger jetzt schon voraussehen, als es ganz selbstverständlich in der Absicht liegt, möglichst viele der neuen Verträge auf einmal zur parlamentarischen Verhandlung zu stellen. Natürlich wird man hierbei nicht so viel Rücksicht nehmen können, dass auf den Abschluss von Verträgen auch mit solchen Staaten gewartet wird, deren eigene Verhältnisse dies verzögern. Das deutsche Interesse wird auch hier die Entscheidung geben. Dieses selbst aber dürfte dahin zielen, dass die neuen diplomatischen Beziehungen gleichzeitig mit möglichst vielen Staaten beginnen. Ein solches Vorgehen wird dem Publikum interessantesten Aufgaben gehören. Aber man bedenke, wie ganz anders die Künstler nun beim Studium des Tieres zu Werke gingen. Große Tiermaler hat es bekanntlich schon früher, besonders in den Niederlanden gegeben. Aber diesen Künstlern war es mehr um das detailreiche Detail zu tun; sie malten jede einzelne Feder des Pfauen und jede einzelne Haar des Hasen. Sie malten auch realistisch insofern, als das Tier in lebhafter Bewegung begriffen zu leben schien. Sie verliehen sogar dem Tier Spuren menschlicher Vernunft. Aber um die Psyche des Tieres selbst kümmerten sie sich nicht. Diese war ja auch damals noch nicht entdeckt. Lamarck und Darwin erst mußten uns das Entwicklungsprinzip naturwissenschaftlich nahe bringen und Romanes die Anwendung desselben speziell auf die Tierpsychologie machen. Bei dieser Gelegenheit mag das Buch Lettres philosophiques sur la formation des idées de l'homme von C. Georges Leroy (geb. -1723), dem Leutnant de Chasse der Parks von Versailles und Marly erwähnt werden. Er ließ es pseudonym als „Arzt aus Nürnberg" erscheinen. Als er dem berühmten Naturforscher Buffon ein Exemplar schickte, schrieb ihm dieser: „il cite dien de Konk sie kure parier les animaux st Nuremberg, vu cte les kom re parier st Paris". Jouve war einer der ersten, der die malerische Anwendung dieser Entdeckung der Tier-Psyche machte. Er malte und modellierte Panther, Löwen, Affen, Königstiger, Pferde, Papageien, Pfaue, Schmetterlinge, aber stets die ganz bestimmte spezielle und vielleicht sogar individuelle Tierpsyche: die majestätische Würde und zugleich tiefe Melancholie des Königstigers, den Blutdurst und die Raubgier des Panthers, das Menschliche und zugleich sich selbst ironisierende Philosophische eines vierfüßigen Affenmenschen (pithecia anthropos), der eben in einem Winkel eine ägyptische Statuette entdeckt hat und sie grinsend betrachtet. Endlich erfahren wir aus dem Artikel Binets, daß Bing in Paris kürzlich eine Serie Entwürfe für Leder und Skulpturen dem Künstler in Auftrag gegeben hat, die zum Teil schon ausgeführt sind. -ü- Vom griechischen Theater. Aus Athen wird berichtet: Ein sehr interessantes Programm ist für die im November beginnende Theater saison entworfen worden. Die dürfte übrigens nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch im Auslande als zweckmäßig erachtet werden. Vom Tage. Fz Berlin, 6. Nov. (Privattelegramm.) Es war kürzlich die Nachricht durch die Presse gegangen, daß das durch den Tod des Abgeordneten v. Sperber freigewordene Reichstagsmandat dem Dr. Oertel angetragen werden soll. Dazu wird nun aus konservativen Kreisen Ostpreußens gemeldet, daß über die Aufstellung eines bestimmten Kandidaten überhaupt noch kein Beschluss gefasst sei. Es liegt aber wohl sehr nahe, daß von konservativer Seite Bemühungen gemacht werden, Herrn Dr. Oertel wieder ein Mandat zu verschaffen. An Berlin, 6. Nov. (Privat Telegramm.) Ein interessantes Ereignis wurde in Breslau entschieden. Ein großes Warenhaus wollte dort einen Erfrischungsraum einrichten und suchte um die Genehmigung hierzu nach. Der Stadtausschuss in Verbindung mit der Polizeibehörde hat aber die Konzession versagt, weil es nach den neuen Bestimmungen für das Schankgewerbe unstatthaft sei, daß im gleichen Raum ein offenes Handelsgewerbe und das Schankgewerbe betrieben werde. Worms, 6. Nov. (Telegramm.) Der Zar hat, wie die Wormser Zeitung meldet, dem Herrn von Heyl zu Herrnsheim das Großkreuz des Stanislaus-Ordens verliehen. Kaiser Nikolaus von Russland hat anlässlich der Begegnung mit Kaiser Wilhelm dem Staatssekretär des Auswärtigen Amtes Freiherrn von Richthoven den Alexander-Newski-Orden und dem Unterkabinettssekretär des Auswärtigen Amtes Dr. von Mühlberg das Großkreuz des Annen-Ordens verliehen. Der in Terlan, wo er auf Urlaub weilte, plötzlich verstorbene deutsche Gesandte in Bogota Dr. Lührsen war seit dem 16. Juni 1900 als Vertreter des Deutschen Reiches bei der Republik Kolumbien beglaubigt. Er war vorher als Generalkonsul in Odessa und vordem als Konsul in Schanghai tätig; überall hat er die deutschen Interessen mit Energie vertreten. Eine Totenmaske Mommsens hat Professor Brütt unmittelbar nach dem Hinscheiden des Gelehrten angenommen. Professor Hans Olde hat Mommsen auf dem Totenbett gezeichnet. In der Hilfe wird die Mitteilung bestätigt, dass der frühere antisemitische, nachher nationalsoziale, jetzt der Freisinnigen Vereinigung angehörige Abgeordneter v. Gerlach vom 1. Januar die Chefredaktion der bisher freisinnig-demokratischen Berliner Zeitung übernehmen wird. Nach dem Potsdener Tageblatt ist am 28. Oktober im Abgeordnetenhaus zu Berlin eine Beratung unter Teilnahme aller deutschen nationalen Verbände abgehalten worden, um ein gemeinsames Vorgehen in den Ostmarken angestrebt zu werden. Wegen Beleidigung des Deutschen Kaisers hat das Landgericht in Chemnitz den Bürstenmacher Männel zu dreimonatigem Gefängnis verurteilt. Das Oberkriegsgericht des 10. Armee-Korps in Hannover hat den Füsilier Jakob vom 78. Füsilier-Regiment wegen Raubmordes abermals zum Tode verurteilt, nachdem das Reichsmilitärgericht seinerzeit das erste Urteil aufgehoben hatte. Die braunschweigischen Landtagswahlen sind, wie bekannt wird, um 14 Tage verschoben worden. Sie werden erst am 15. und 25. Dezember stattfinden. Professor Harnack hat bei der Trauerfeier in der Kaiser Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche für den verstorbenen Theodor Mommsen die Gedächtnisrede gehalten, in der er mit dem Bibelwort begann: „Herr Gott, du bist unsere Zuflucht für und für," und dann fortsetzte: "Unser Leben währet 70 Jahre und wenn es hoch kommt, sind es 80 Jahre, und wenn es köstlich gewesen, so ist es Mühe". Aeschylus-Trilogie, „Agamemnon", die „Choephori" und die „Eumeniden" sollen mit Stanfords Musik in einer neugriechischen Übersetzung von Soteriades aufgeführt werden. Dieser Plan ist nach Beratungen mit Professor Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, der in der vorigen Woche in Griechenland weilte, gefasst worden. Sophokles wird vertreten durch „Oedipus Tyrannos" in einer Übersetzung von Vlachos und durch die „Antigone" mit der Mendelssohn'schen Musik; Goethes „Iphigenie" wird mit der Gluckschen Musik aufgeführt werden. Von Shakespeare wird „Was ihr wollt", „Die Zähmung der Widerspenstigen" und „Ein Wintermärchen" aufgeführt; das letztere ist von Kaklamanos, dem bekannten Journalisten und Herausgeber des Neuen Asty, ins Neugriechische übersetzt worden. Auch ein Besuch von Signora Düse wird erwartet. Kleine Burschenschaft. Zur Ausstellung in St. Louis. Die bisher bekannten Mitteilungen über die Wohnungsverhältnisse in St. Louis können durch weitere Angaben über die Eisenbahnverbindungen der Weltausstellungsstadt mit den wichtigsten nordamerikanischen Häfen und über die Verkehrsverhältnisse in St. Louis selbst ergänzt werden. Wenn der Besucher an der Westküste des Atlantischen Ozeans landet, wird er die Wahl unter zahlreiche Eisenbahnlinien haben, die nach St. Louis führen. Von New York beträgt die Entfernung 1057 englische Meilen, die Fahrtdauer 29 Stunden, der Fahrpreis 23.50 Dollars. Von Philadelphia gebraucht man bei 967 Meilen Entfernung und 21 Dollars Reisekosten nur 27 Stunden. Für die übrigen Ausgangstationen beträgt die Reisedauer 28—35 Stunden, die Fahrpreise betragen von Boston 25.50 Dollars, von Portland 28 Dollars, von Washington 20.25 Dollars, von Charleston 24.50 Dollars, von Buffalo 18.25 Dollars, von Cleveland 15 Dollars. Es ist aber seitens der amerikanischen Eisenbahngesellschaften, die schon in gewöhnlichen Zeiten mit einer wechselnden Tarifskala arbeiten, bei Gelegenheit des Ausstellungsverkehrs eine teilweise Ermäßigung der Fahrpreise vorgenommen. In tiefer Trauer und voll Schmerz haben wir uns um den Sarg Theodor Mommsens versammelt. Dieses Auge ist gebrochen, in welchem sich die Welt und ihre Geschichte so leuchtend gespiegelt, und der Geist ist zu seinem Schöpfer heimgegangen. Er hat die Grenze erreicht, die Menschen zu leben gesetzt ist. Wir trauern um ihn in heißer Liebe; mit uns trauert die ganze Welt und die Akademien, deren Mitglied er war. Mit uns trauert der König, das Vaterland und die Welt, die den Geist anerkennt. Sie alle haben ihn verloren. Wir alle wissen, daß ein Stern verkauft und eine Größe gefallen ist. Aber nicht um ihn klagen wir, wohl aber um uns, denn Theodor Mommsen war uns nicht nur der anerkannte Meister, sondern er ist ein Stück unseres Lebens und unserer Geschichte. Er lehrte uns die Geschichte des römischen Volkes wie keiner vor ihm. Wie ein Zeuge jener Zeit stand er vor uns. In dieser Stunde ziemt es, dem großen Toten die letzte Ehre dadurch zu erweisen, daß wir uns sein Bild und seine Arbeit vergegenwärtigen. Wir reihen aber dieses Bild in das Licht des Ewigen: „Ich gab Euch der Welt, daß Ihr hingehet, Frucht traget und des Glaubens bleibt." Sechzig Jahre hat dieser Baum Früchte getragen. Alles, was er uns geschenkt, trug den Stempel seines Feuergeistes, der ihn nicht ruhen noch rasten ließ. Dahinter aber lebte ein großer, nicht rastender und zugleich leidenschaftlicher Wille, - der auf die wahre Erkenntnis der Dinge gerichtet war und der auch dem unbeackrten Gebiete herrliche Früchte ablockte. In seinem Universalgenie hat er keinen Vorgänger gehabt. Er war von einem heroischen Fleiß. Ganz neue Gebiete hat er aufgeschlossen, wo er nur ahnte, daß etwas für uns zu erreichen sei. Diese heiße Arbeit war die Geliebte seiner Jugend, und er ist ihr treu geblieben. Halbe Arbeit hat er nie getan und nie geduldet. Aber das alles war doch nur Form. Elf Jahre nachdem er die erste Schrift veröffentlicht, nachdem er in Italien gewesen und in drei Jahren 90 Abhandlungen veröffentlicht hatte, ließ er seine „Römische Geschichte" erscheinen. Mit einem Schlag erhielten wir Deutsche ein Kulturwerk wie wir es so noch nicht besessen. Mommsen und Ranke waren die Männer, die der Geschichtsschreibung neue Wege wiesen. Mommsen war aber mehr als Historiker, er war auch Jurist und Philologe und nicht zuletzt Poet. Ein Künstler und ein Dichter ist er gewesen und geblieben bis in sein Alter, darum ist ihm auch die Jugend nie entflohen. Noch eine ganze Reihe gewaltiger Darstellungen hat er uns geschenkt, darunter sein Hauptwerk: „Das römische Staatsrecht". Was er gelehrt hat, das wissen wir alle, aber wie er gelehrt, das wissen nur die, die ihn als Lehrer gehörte haben. Aber noch in anderem Sinne ist Mommsen unser Lehrer geworden, indem er mit entgegenkommendster Unterstützung der preußischen Unterrichtsverwaltung die Berliner Akademie auf eine neue Höhe hob, daß er die einzelnen Wissenschaften und die Gelehrten zu gemeinsamer Arbeit zusammenfasste. So war er seit langer Zeit der Führer unserer Akademie. Einen unvergänglichen Kranz legen wir an seinem Sarg nieder. Zum Schluss erinnerte der Redner an Mommsens Stellung im öffentlichen Leben, wo er manchen heißen Kampf mit feiner vollen Leidenschaftlichkeit, ausfocht und dabei gar manchmal über das Ziel hinausging, was aber niemand mehr als er selber bedauerte. Doch stets war er von dem Gedanken getragen, dem Wohle des Vaterlandes zu dienen. Seine Freundschaft war stets groß und hehr und niemand kann das mehr ermessen als er (Redner), denn für ihn war er stets der beste Freund. In den letzten Wochen noch arbeitete er rastlos, und dann ist er still und sanft entschlafen. Mit Gebet schloß Professor Harnack die in ihrer Schlichtheit tief ergreifende Trauerrede; man fühlte, hier sprach ein Freund vom Freunde. Oesterreich-Ungarn. Zur Wiesbadener Entrevue. Wien, 6. Nov. Das dem Ministerium des Auswärtigen nahestehende Fremdenbüro misst der Begegnung des Deutschen Kaisers mit dem Kaiser von Russland eine größere Bedeutung bei, als einer bloßen Kundgebung der Bereitwilligkeit, auch weiterhin für den Frieden ihrer Nationen und den Frieden in Europa die beiderseitigen guten Beziehungen aufrecht zu halten. Die Fahrt selbst wird trotz ihrer langen Dauer keine zu große Anstrengung sein, da die Wagen aufs beste eingerichtet sind und die Staaten, die man berührt, mancherlei Naturschönheiten und Sehenswürdigkeiten, wie das großartige Panorama von Kentucky und Ohio darbieten. St. Louis selbst steht in direkter Verbindung mit den Küstenplätzen des Atlantischen und des Stillen Ozeans, ebenso mit Mexiko und dem mexikanischen Golf, so daß auch den südamerikanischen Besuchern bequeme und schnelle Verbindungen mit der Ausstellungsstadt zur Verfügung stehen. Reisende aus Kanada haben, wenn sie in Quebec oder Montreal ihre Fahrt antreten, nur einmal den Zug zu wechseln. Im Ausstellungsgebäude wird die World's Fair Automobile Company auf Grund eines mit der Ausstellungsleitung getroffenen Abkommens einen regelmäßigen Motorwagenverkehr einrichten, der die Besucher von dem einen zum anderen Teil der Ausstellung befördert. Es sollen mindestens 200 Automobile, für 2—40 Personen eingerichtet, fortdauernd zur Verfügung stehen. Die Stationen befinden sich bei den Hotels, den Bahnhöfen und in den Vorstädten von St. Louis. Die ausländischen Besucher können also auch in den Vororten Unterkunft nehmen, ohne sich dadurch allzu große Unbequemlichkeiten oder Zeitaufwand aufzuerlegen, während andernfalls die Ausgaben für Logis und Unterhalt in den Vorstädten erheblich billiger sein dürften als in St. Louis selbst. Den Verkehr im Innern der Stadt vermitteln zwei elektrische Bahnen, die Transit Company und die Suburban Company. Der Fahrpreis beträgt, ohne Rücksicht auf die gewählte Anfangsstation und die Dauer der Beförderung, 20 Pfennige. Der Eintrittspreis für die Ausstellungszeit ist an gewöhnlichen Tagen auf 2 Mark festgesetzt. 0. Einst und jetzt. Aus New-York wird berichtet: Adelina Patti eröffnete am 2. November in New-York in der „Carnegie Hall" ihre amerikanische Tournee, enthusiastisch begrüßt von einer großen Versammlung. Das Programm bestand aus einer Arie aus der Oper „Linda von Chamonix", „Letzte Rose" und „Hörner svette Dome". Die Zeitungen sprechen ohne Ausnahme in wohlwollendstem Ton, aber sie ziehen einen unangenehmen Vergleich zwischen den früheren Triumphen der großen Sängerin und ihren jetzigen Stimmkunst. Sette 4. München, Donnerstag Allgemeine Zeitung 17. Dezember 1903. Nr. 349. Bekanntmachung. (Anmeldung und Visitation der Hunde pro 1904.) Die Anmeldung der Hunde und die Entrichtung der gesetzliche» Gebühr, sowie die Vornahme der Visitation der Hunde pro 1904 finde: gemäß Art. 3 und 4 des Gesetzes vom ^ --die Erhebung einer Gebühr für das Halten von gemäß 31. Januar 1888' der VollzugSvorschristcn vom 20. Juni 1876, an folgenden Terminen Hunden betr.", fern er statt, und zwar: von 81/2—12 Uhr vormittags und von 2-4 Uhr nachmittags: A. Im Gasthaus zur goldenen Taube, Gänsbühcl Nr. 4 (Ecke Schinidstraße): für Len I. Polizei-Bezirk am Samstag den 2. Januar 1904, ,» o H- „ ,, ,, Montag „ 4. ,, ,, III. ,, ,, ,, Dienstag „ 5. ,, ,, und „ „ IV. „ „ „ Donnerstag „ 7. „ 11. Im Gasthaus zur neuen Akademie, Amalicnstraße Nr. 46: ( Freitag für den V. Polizei-Bezirk am ! Samstag den 8. Januar 1904, » ^2. „ „ und ( Montag k. In der Restauration zur Gabelsbcrgerbrauerei, Gabelsbergerstraße Nr. 63: für den VI. Polizei-Bezirk am ' <» » VII. „ „ „ „VIII. ,. „ v. Im Restaurant Waldau, Kapuzincrstraße Nr. 23: v „ ,, XI. „ p, L. In der Gärtnerbrauerei, Reicheubachstraße Nr. S: , Donnerstag den 28. Januar 1904, für den XII. Polizei-Bezirk am ! Freitag ' Samstag k. In der Klosterbraucrei, Licbigstraße Nr. 22: (Montag für den XIII. Polizei-Bezirk am ( Mittwoch ° (Donnerstag 6. In Haidhausen im Gasthaus zur UnionSbrauerei, äußere Wicnerstraße Nr. 42: 29. 30. und den 1. Februar 1904, 3. „ „ und 4- 11. Im kathol. Gesellenhaus, Entenbachstraße Nr. 169: für den XVI. Polizei-Bezirk am Freitag den 12. Februar 1904, „ „ XVII. „ „ Samstag „ 13. „ „ ! Mittwoch „ 17. „ „ XVIII. Donnerstag „ 18. „ „ „.wir,. „ „ zg ' Samstag „ 20. „ „ 1- Itt Sendling im Etablissement zum Elysium, Kardinalstraße Nr. 13: für den XIX. Polizei-Bezirk am Dienstag den 8. Februar 1904 und und . In der Restauration zur alten Schießstätte, Theresienhöhe Nr. 4: : Mittwoch den 24. Februar 1904, für den XX. Polizei-Bezirk am! Donnerstag „ 25. „ „ und (Freitag „ 26» ,, „ In der Restauration zum Grünwaldpark, vormals Ruffinihof, Nymphenburgerstr. Nr. 187: - t Samstag den 27. Februar 1904 für den XXI. Polizeibezirk am (Montag „ 29. „ „ und Dienstag „ 1. März „ . In Schwabing im Gasthaus zum Occamhof, Occamstraße Nr. 26» , Mittwoch den 2. März 1904, > Donnerstag „ 3. „ „ für den XXII. Polizei-Bezirk am (Freitag » 4. ,. ,, f Montag „ 7. „ „ und Dienstag „ 8. „ „ > Für den XXIII. Polizei-Bezirk: n) im Gasthaus zur Schwabe in Nymphenburg südlich Schloßflügel): für Nymphenburg und Gern am Mittwoch den 9. März 1904. Den in Gern wohnenden Grundbesitzern bleibt es freigestellt, ihrer Anmeldepflicht auch an den für den XXI. Bezirk (Restauration Grünwaldpark) festgesetzten Terminen zu genügen». b) im Gasthaus zum Großwirt in Laim, Landödbergerstr. Nr. 293: für Laim am Donnerstag den 10. März 1904. In Talkirchen im Restaurant Gierlinger Park: Für den XXIV. Polizei-Bezirk am KU und Hierzu wird bemerkt: 1. Für jenen über 4 Monate alten Hunde ist bei der Anmeldung die Jahresgebühr mit 15 Mark zu entrichten, vorbehaltlich der sofort im Termine durch ein Zeugnis der K. Messungsbehörde München (K. K. Hauptstadt Erfahrung, Anleihen Nr. 4/1) als zutreffend nachzuweisenden Anmeldungserklärung des Art. 1 des Gesetzes bezüglich der Weiler, Einöder und einzeln stehenden Anwesen, für welche die Gebühr 3 Mark beträgt. Die Hunde sind zur Visitation durch erwachsene Personen an der Leine, beziehungsweise Kette vorzuführen. Die vorbezeichneten Termine sind genau einzuhalten. Anmeldungen von Hunden aus anderen als aus Leu für die einzelnen Tage bestimmten Bezirken können zur nach Maßgabe der hierfür verfügbar bleibenden Zeit angenommen werden. 4. Nach der Anmeldung und Gebührenentrichtung wird für jeden Hund ein Hundezeichen abgegeben, mit welchem der Hund fortwährend versehen sein muss. 5. Hundebesitzer, welche die ihnen obliegende Anmeldung unterlassen, haben außer der Gebühr den doppelten Betrag derselben für jeden Hund als Strafe zu entrichten. Erfolgt die Anmeldung nicht rechtzeitig, jedoch zu einer Zeit, zu welcher die Unterlassung der Anmeldung bei der zur Strafeinschreibung zunächst zuständigen Behörde noch nicht zur Anzeige gelangt ist, so findet eine Ordnungsstrafe bis zu 15 Mark statt. Es wird ausdrücklich bemerkt, daß auch solche Hunden zur Gebührenentrichtung an obigen Termine angemeldet werden müssen, welche wegen Krankheit, Läufigkeit, oder wegen anderer Hindernisse bei der Anmeldung nicht vorgeführt werden können; solche Hunden sind außerdem innerhalb der nächsten 14 Tage nach Vollendung des Hauptrandmeldegenschastes im Polizeibureau 4lr. 37/0 (Weinstraße 13) zur Untersuchung vorzuführen. 6. Die Bestimmung des Art. 3 Abs. 3 des Hundegebietsgesetzes, wonach Hunde, welche nach dem allgemeinen Anlehnungsregime in Besitz genommen werden, innerhalb 14 Tagen nach der Besitzergreifung anzumelden sind, bezieht sich auch auf diejenigen Fälle des Erwerbes eines Hundes, in welchen die Gebühr des betreffenden Jahres für den in Besitz genommenen Hund bereits entrichtet ist. Hundebesitzer, welche daher die Anmeldung solcher Hunde unterlassen, haben den doppelten Betrag der treffenden Gebühr für jeden Hund als Strafe zu entrichten. Erfolgt die Anmeldung nicht rechtzeitig, jedoch zu einer Zeit, zu welcher die Unterlassung der Anmeldung bei der zur Strafverfolgung zunächst zuständigen Behörde noch nicht zur Anzeige gelangt ist, so findet auch hier eine Ordnungsstrafe bis zu 15 Mark statt. 7. Unterlassene oder nicht rechtzeitige Vorführung der Hunde ohne genügende Entschuldigung ist mit Geldstrafe bis zu 15 Mark bedroht. 8. Behufs rascher Abfertigung wolle die Gebührenmitteilung des Vorjahres vorgezeigt werden. München, den 9. Dezember 1903. Königliche Polizeidirektion. Heidelberg. gelegen, dit alles homkort der lieu uitgestattet. Volstäckig armgebaut und neu möbliert. In jedem Zimmer elektrisch. Leint, vampe -behrung. Telefon und waschee mit kaltem und warmem Wasser. Personenaufzug. Laden in jeder Etage, dunkelkammer. Leihmöglichkeit. Omnibus am Bahnhof. Ämmer von td. 2.50 aus- März. Restaurant. Künstlerübers. im Kriegsgebäude. 1764. Inhaber: Carl Donnerstag, 17. Dezember, Kloßes Silvester Ball im Theater. Direktion: Herr Kapellmeister. Unfall und Krankenkasse. Eintritt 1 fr. 50 kr. Turm und Koffern Das Kellertheater Das Vasenhaus - Gesellschaft in grösster Auslage und Seite bei der bekannten Firm in der Kauflustig (5093). Neben der Station auf der Laaserstrasse. Übertragung des gänzen Donnerstag Eastplätze des Original-Exem- seer Laurentiengedachtheits. Sonn- und feiertags viele Vorstellungen, abends 4 und 8 Uhr. Pietas. Hotel. Rubige, zentrale Lage. Von grossem Park umgeben. Letzt amtsärztliche Ärztung. Elektrischer Belichtung. Zentralheizung. Ist ein Theater - Varieté allerersten Lager, kostet 1 fr. 50 kr. Die Spitalsgasse ist ganzjählig. Letzte Abend 8 Uhr. Sonn- und Feiertag 2 grosse Vorstellungen nacheinander, 4 Uhr und abends 8 Uhr. Direktion Normandie. (5030) Hotel Niederhofen am Bahnhof. Lägenschaft von den Kauflustigen nur eine Minute unterhalb der Zentralbankkolleg Boten zur Waffenschau - nur ein Minute unterhalb der Zentralbankkolleg Hotel Niederhofen am Bahnhof. Vorplatz. Läden im Haus. Elektrischer Auszug. Wassersystem ist ein Gegenstand aus dem Bereich der ist ein Gegenstand aus dem Bereich der Virt und wir zeigen darin das grösste und ausstablrvivbstv Lager: WASSERSCHRANK als minim und maximiert in säulen Fassade und jeder Verbindung. Verschiedene Originalausstellungen - Lingerie Bleibe in der Geschichte. Sobott. Originalverlust. Die besonders gelungenes der Ausstellungsgestaltung und die ganzen Ausstellung und rechtsseitig zu erfahren, bitten wir um möglicherweise dreifachen seitige Stellvertretung. Kesellschaft für Elektronik und Wissenschaft. 6. Januar, 1911. Theater-Anzeiger. Donnerstag, den 17. Dezember. Kgl. Kostümtheater. Außer Abonnement mit ermäßigten Preisen: Zum Besten der hiesigen Stadtarmen. Egmont. Trauerspiel in fünf Aufzügen von Goethe. Musik von Beethoven. Anfang halb 7 Uhr, Ende gegen 11 Uhr. Kgl. Westendtheater. Geschlossen. Gärtenetheater. Gastspiel Konrad Dreher. Der Privatdetektiv. Posse mit Gesang in 1 Vorspiel und 4 Bildern von Benno Ranckenberger und Konrad Dreher. Musik von Emil Kaiser. Anfang halb 8 Uhr, Ende 10 Uhr. M. Schauspielhaus. Geschäft ist Geschäft. (IesziI'airessvnl losXltairos.) Schauspiel in drei Akten von Octave Mirbeau. Anfang halb 8 Uhr, Ende nach 10 Uhr. Münch. Stadttheater. Dorf und Stadt. Schauspiel in zwei Abteilungen und fünf Aufzügen von Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer. Anfang 8 Uhr, Ende halb 11 Uhr. DM— Der Gesamt-Auflage dieser Nummer ist eine Beilage des etwaigen Apothekers und Chemikers Map Fatsch, ^-er». bstr tki.. «ro,.. Leidende" ocigesugk, Mittwoch, Zweites Montag Neues. Sowohl Allgemeine Zeitung. 11. November 1903. Münchener Landtag. Sitzung des Wirtschaftsausschusses. (Pflasterzölle.) München, 10. Nov. Der Ausschuss tritt in die Beratung des von der vorigen Session herübergenommenen Antrags Beckh ein, nach welchem „bei Ausarbeitung eines Straßengesetzes die Beseitigung der Pflasterzölle in Aussicht zu nehmen." Hierzu hat Referent Aigner (Zentr.) den Antrag gestellt, diesen Antrag abzulehnen. dafür aber die kgl. Staatsregierung zu ersuchen, den Gemeinden die Bewilligung zur Einführung von Pflasterzöllen, sowie zur Verlängerung der Frist für die bereits eingeführten Pflasterzölle nur insoweit zu erteilen, als der Umtausch landwirtschaftlicher und gewerblicher Erzeugnisse durch die Höhe der beantragten oder eingeführten Zollsätze nicht gehemmt oder wesentlich erschwert wird. Der Referent begründet diesen Antrag wie folgt: Zwar habe der Antrag Beckh etwas Bestechendes, aber er greift in die Autonomie der Gemeinden ein; sein Antrag werde dazu führen, dass die kgl. Staatsregierung in Zukunft nicht mehr so hohe Zollsätze genehmigen werde, wie sie beispielsweise in Nürnberg, Fürth und Erlangen erhoben würden. Korreferent Kilian Keller (lib.) ist der Meinung, dass in dem Antrag Beckh ein gesunder Kern liege, München erhebe Pflasterzölle, die höher seien als die Hälfte des für Pflasterungen aufgewendeten Betrages. Gleichwohl sei er gegen den Antrag Beckh, der in die Autonomie auch kleinerer Gemeinden eintrete, deren Finanzen unter der Aufhebung der Pflasterzölle in arge Verwirrung geraten würden. Abg. Dr. Jäger kommt auf den § 13 des Zolltarifgesetzes zu sprechen, durch welchen vom Jahre 1910 ab die Abgaben auf Getreide und andere Konsumartikel aufgehoben werden sollen. Dann werde auch der Pflasterzoll wegfallen. Er fürchte daher nicht, dass dann dieses Verbot durch Erhebung höherer Pflasterzölle umgangen werde. An eine Wiederaufhebung dieses § 13 im Reichstage sei absolut nichts denken. Abg. Beckh versucht seinen Antrag zu begründen, der sei durchaus nicht überflüssig, durch den § 13 des Zolltarifgesetzes, da dieser Paragraph sich gar nicht auf die Pflasterzölle bezieht. Der Pflasterzoll sei für die Landwirtschaft eine unberechtigte Produktionssteuer, er hemme den freien Verkehr, auch der Landwirtschaftsrat habe sich gegen die Neueinführung von Pflasterzöllen ausgesprochen. Besonders drückend sei der Pflasterzoll in Nürnberg; fast jedes Bauernfuhrwerk habe dort 80 Pfennig zu bezahlen, nicht viel besser sei es in Erlangen. Er verwahrt sich gegen den ihm gemachten Vorwurf, dass er erst dann zur Stellung seines Antrages gekommen sei, als er vom Stadtmagistrat Erlangen wegen Zolldefraudation bestraft worden sei. Selbstverständlich sei, dass er nun nicht mit einem Male alle bestehenden Pflasterzölle beseitigen wolle, er bezwecke bloß deren allmähliche Aufhebung. Abg. Brach (lib.) hat gegen den Antrag Aigner nichts zu erinnern, gegen den Antrag Beckh müsse er sich aber entschieden erklären. Unrichtig sei, dass die städtischen Fuhrwerke das Pflaster mehr verderben wie die Bauernfuhrwerke; er lade den Wg. Beckh ein, einmal an einem Markttage nach Augsburg zu kommen, da werde er sich bald vom Gegenteil überzeugen. Man müsse doch auch bedenken, welche großen Vorteile der Landmann von dem Verkauf seiner Erzeugnisse in der Stadt habe. Abg. v. Landmann (lib.) glaubt, dass jetzt, nach dem Rückgang des Schrankens der Pflasterzoll, keine allzu große Rolle mehr spielt, in Günzburg sei er um 70 Prozent zurückgegangen, er werde zwar für den Antrag Aigner stimmen, verhehle sich aber nicht, dass er keinen großen praktischen Wert hat. Abg. Stöcker erklärt die Pflasterzölle für nicht mehr zeitgemäß, allein an ihrer Aufhebung sei zur Zeit absolut nichts zu denken, denn man könne den Gemeinden den Ertrag dieser Zölle in dem Augenblick nicht nehmen, wo ihnen durch Z 13 des Zolltarifgesetzes ein so bedeutender Ausfall drohe. An die Aufhebung könne man erst dann gehen, wenn man etwa im Wege der Kommunalsteuerreform radikale Abhilfe treffe, obwohl gerade diejenigen Landbewohner, die am meisten Pflasterzoll bezahlen müßten, diejenigen nämlich, die in nächster Nähe größerer Städte wohnen, vor den anderen Bauern große Vorteile voraus, weil sie ihre Produkte besser zum Verkauf bringen. Abg. Schmidt (Soz.) ist für den Antrag Beckh, trotzdem er sich nicht verhehle, dass die Aufhebung des Pflasterzolles für die Stadt München einen sehr erheblichen Ausfall bedeuten, denn seine Partei sei prinzipiell gegen eine so veraltete Einrichtung, wie es der Pflasterzoll sei. Abg. Steininger (Zentr.) schließt sich den Ausführungen Stöckers an. Abg. Brandstätten (lib.) weist an dem Beispiel von Cadolzburg nach, dass es Gemeinden gibt, die mit 50 Prozent ihre Umlagen erhöhen müßten, wenn ihnen der Pflasterzoll genommen würde. Den Kollegen Schmidt - München fragt er, warum denn der Stadtmagistrat Fürth, wo die Sozialdemokraten doch die Mehrheit hätten, den Pflasterzoll nicht abschaffen, wenn sie ihn prinzipiell so sehr verwerfen. Abg. Beckh betont, dass der Münchener Pflasterzoll ein reiner Warenzoll sei, wenn der Zolltarif eingeführt werden, müßte die Münchener Zolltarifordnung vollständig umgeändert und das Erträgnis viel geringer werden. Staatsminister Freiherr von Feilitzsch führt aus, dass der Antrag Beckh überhaupt mit einem Straßengesetz nur in einem sehr losen Zusammenhang stehe, es handele sich hier um eine örtliche Abgabe, welche die Gemeinden für die Benutzung ihres Eigentums auf Grund des Art. 40 der Gemeindeordnung verlangen könnten und wozu im einzelnen Fall die Genehmigung des Staatsministeriums notwendig sei. Die Gesamteinnahmen aus den Pflaster- und Brückenzöllen betrugen für alle Gemeinden im letzten Jahre 2,258,319 M., beteiligten sich beim Pflasterzoll 851 Gemeinden. Was solle mit der Verzinsung und bezüglich der Amortisierung des für Pflasterungen aufgewendeten Kapitals geschehen, wenn man den Gemeinden mit einem Male diese Einnahmen nehmen wolle? Auch die Staatsregierung habe den Wunsch, dass die Zölle allmählich beseitigt oder ermäßigt würden, aber der Zeitpunkt, in welchem dies tunlich erscheine, lasse sich jetzt nicht bestimmen. Der § 13 des Zolltarifgesetzes habe auf den Pflasterzoll keinen Einfluß. Einverstanden sei er damit, dass diese Pflasterzölle nicht zu hoch bemessen würden, daher könne er sich mit dem Antrag Aigner befreunden, nur glaube er, dass dieser Antrag noch eine Ergänzung dahin erhalten solle, dass die Belastung der Städte mit den Kosten der Pflasterung bei der Erhebung von Pflasterzöllen mit in Betracht genommen werden. Abg. Neuner (lib.) ist prinzipiell für Aushebung der Pflasterzölle, aber erst dann, wenn die Kommunalsteuerfrage gelöst sein wird. Er bitte die Staatsregierung, diese Lösung recht bald herbeizuführen. Nach längerer Diskussion gibt der Referent Aigner seinem Antrag den Zusatz „und die Forterhebung des Pflasterzolles zur Deckung der Ausgaben des gemeindlichen Haushaltes für die Pflasterung nicht entbehrt werden kann." Die Abstimmung ergibt die Ablehnung des Antrages Beckh mit allen gegen 5 Stimmen und die Annahme des Antrages Aigner mit allen gegen die Stimmen der Abg. Beckh, Prieger, Ehrhart-Speyer und Schmitt-München. Nächste Sitzung unbestimmt. Bayerische Chronik. München, 10. November. Von Seiner kaiserlichen Hoheit dem Prinz-Regenten wurden heute in Audienz empfangen: Landesherr, Titular-Bischof von Trondheim, apostolischer Vikar von Zentralafrika und dem Sudan; Reichsrat v. Auer, zweiter Präsident der Kammer der Reichsräte; Reichsrat Dr. v. Bechmann, Universitätsprofessor; Reichsrat v. Schneider, Präsident des Oberkonsistoriums; Regierungspräsident v. Schrank, Staatsrat im außerordentlichen Dienst; Reichsrat Dr. v. Kahr, Präsident des Verwaltungsgerichtshofes; Generalmajor z. D. Krahne; Major a. D. Dr. Hohe; Ministerialrat Breunig im kgl. Staatsministerium der Finanzen; Schuster, Rat am Verwaltungsgerichtshof. — Nachmittags waren beim Regenten zur Tafel geladen: Generalmajor Graf v. Zech, Premierleutnant in der Leibgarde der Hartschiere; Generalmajor Obermair, Kommandeur des 10. Inf.-Regts.; Generalmajor Graf v. Tauffkirchen, Kornett in der Leibgarde der Hartschiere; Oberst v. Kobell, Exempt in der Leibgarde der Hartschiere, mit Gemahlin; Aspasia Freifrau v. Schrotenberg; Bischof Geyer, apostolischer Vikar von Zentralafrika und dem Sudan, und Hofstiftskanonikus Hecher. Hofnachrichten. Prinz Ludwig begibt sich morgen früh von Leutstetten zur Jagd nach Oberdill und kehrt nach der Jagd nach Leutstetten zurück. — Frau Prinzessin Ludwig traf von Leutstetten heute Abend hier ein. — Bei Prinz und Prinzessin Arnulf waren heute Abend zur Tafel geladen: Prinz Georg von Bayern, Major Graf v. Fugger, die Hauptleute Freiherr v. Pechmann, Freiherr v. Reitzenstein, Freiherr b. Guttenberg, Freiherr v. Godin, Euler, Freiherr v. Stengel, vom Infanterie - Leib - Regiment, Stabsarzt Dr. Dkartius, Oberleutnant Schuberth vom Eisenbahn-Bataillon und sieben Oberleutnants, Leutnants und Beamte vom Infanterie-Leib-Regiment. — Prinzessin Wiltrud feierte heute in Leutstetten ihren Geburtstag. Seine kaiserliche Hoheit der Prinz-Regent und die Mitglieder des königlichen Hauses gratulierten der Prinzessin telegraphisch. Der Bayerische Landesfischerverein veranstaltet am 10., 11. und 12. Dezember 1903 einen Lehrkurs für Salmonidenzucht unter Berücksichtigung der Bewirtschaftung von Flüssen und Seen, und zwar am ersten und zweiten Tage in München, am dritten Tage in Starnberg. Beginn: Donnerstag, den 10. Dezember, nachmittags 4 Uhr, im zoologischen Hörsaal der Tierärztlichen Hochschule zu München (Königinstraße). Die Prüfungen für das technische Lehramt, die am 12. Oktober begannen und Ende Oktober ihren Abschluss fanden, haben folgendes Ergebnis gehabt: Mathematik: 1. Abschnitt: Zugelassen 77 Kandidaten, zurückgetreten 22. Es erhielten die Note I: 4, II: 30, III: 15, IV: 6. 2. Abschnitt: Zugelassen 47, zurückgetreten 3, mit den Abhandlungen zurückgewiesen 6; es erhielten die Note I: 4, II: 19, III: 14, IV: 1. Realien-Hauptprüfung: Zugelassen 19, zurückgetreten 3; Note I: 1, II: 7, III: 3, IV: 5. 1. Besondere Realienprüfung: Zugelassen 16, zurückgetreten 6, mit der Abhandlung zurückgewiesen 0. Es erhielten Note I: 5, II: 5. Naturwissenschaften: Zugelassen 19; es erhielten Note I: 1, II: 11, III: 7. Chemie: Zugelassen 18, zurückgetreten 3; es erhielten Note I: 1, II: 12, III: 1, IV: 1. Handelslehrer: Zugelassen 5, erhielten Note III: 3, IV: 2. Wunsiedel, 9. Nov. (Einweihung des Rentamtsgebäudes.) Gestern fand hier die Einweihung des neuen, im frühen Renaissancestil erbauten Rentamtsgebäudes statt. Das Gebäude ist nach den Plänen des Herrn Kreisbauassessors Nißl erbaut und macht einen sehr vornehmen Eindruck. Über dem Hauptportale prangt ein von Genien getragenes Relief-Porträt Sr. kgl. Hoheit des Prinz-Regenten. Wunsiedel, 9. Nov. (Die ordentliche Generalversammlung des Fichtelgebirgsvereins) findet am 29. November in Münchberg statt. Plattling, 9. Nov. (Vieh Märkte.) Durch Regierungsentschließung wurde das Verbot der Abhaltung von Viehmärkten im Amtsbezirk Dilshofen aufgehoben. Nürnberg, 10. Nov. (Selbstmord.) Letzte Nacht ließ sich vom Regensburger Schnellzug der Soldat im 14. Infanterie-Regiment Heinrich Kunnert überfahren. Er wurde vollständig in Stücke zerrissen. Das Motiv ist Furcht vor Strafe wegen kleinerer Vergehen. Amtliche Nachrichten. * Justizdienst. Die Gerichtsvollzieher erster Klasse Eduard Giehrl und Johann Bernet, der Gerichtsvollzieher zweiter Klasse Friedrich Dressendörfer, weiter drei Sekreteriatassistenten Ignaz Maier, Bernhard Lukas Seuß und Kilian Greb, sämtliche bisher bei dem Amtsgericht Bamberg I, und die Sekretariatsassistenten Johann Motschenbacher, August Hänel, bisher bei dem Amtsgericht Bamberg II, wurden in ihrer seitherigen Dienstbezüglich an das Amtsgericht Bamberg versetzt. * Lehramt. Der dem kgl. humanistischen Gymnasium Metten als Assistent beigegebene geprüfte Lehramtskandidat Franz Flasch aus Retzstadt wurde ohne Änderung seiner Dienstesstellung auf Ansuchen an das kgl. Neue Gymnasium in Nürnberg versetzt. Clarissa. (23) Roman von Ernst Daudek. Deutsch von Arthur Stern. (Nachdruck verboten.) Anstatt sich zu demütigen, den Ton einzuwechseln, erneuerte er seine Kühnheit, und das Gefühl, das Clarissa beseelte, verdoppelte sich, als sie mehr... "Wie, gnädige Frau? Wenn ich unrecht annehmen, daß die Gabe dieser Blume ein freudig war, und wenn ich versuchte mit Ihnen oft genug zu fragen, die Schuld daran, als Sie? Mußte ich durch Ihre Haltung, gestern am Ball, dazu führen, was man zu glauben, dass ich so glücklich, Ihre Wahl allein erregen? Ich kenne nur ein Mittel, einer Roman betreffend zu geben, dass man die Neigung, die sie uns zu spülen, so leicht ist. erwiderte, und das ist, ihr's frei und wonnig sein sagen. Ich habe es Ihnen gesagt. Ist das ernst so großes... "Ja, es ist ein Verbrechen, wenn diese Frau verheiratet ist!" rief Clarissa erregt aus. „Mag sie verheiratet sein, was liegt daran, wenn sie liebt und wenn sie geliebt wird! Was erwarten Sie denn von der Leidenschaft, die Sie hervorgerufen haben, ob Sie selbst teilen? Glauben Sie, dass sie das, was Sie Pflicht nennen, respektieren wird, dass es möglich ist, das Feuer eines Herzens, das man entfacht, mit einem Wort zu ersticken? Sie sprechen von Ihrem Gatten? Heute? Gestern mußten Sie sich deshalb erinnern, heute ist es zu spät!" , ,. Dies war in einem so impertinenten Ton gesagt, m jenem Ton, den Jaques am Turf, in der Lebewelt, in seinen Kreisen anzuschlagen gewohnt war, daß Clarissa starr vor Staunen blieb. Sie hatte dergleichen noch niemals vernommen. Ein Schrei der Entrüstung und des Schmerzes entrang sich ihrer Brust. „Gestern? Was habe ich gestern getan und worin. habe ich gefehlt dem Manne gegenüber, dessen Name ich trage? Sprechen Sie, ich will es wissen." „Was Sie getan haben? Ich will es Ihnen sagen!" rief Jaques, der während dieses Streites den Kopf nicht verloren hatte und seinen Zweck mit einem unzerstörbaren Gleichmut verfolgte, überzeugt, daß der Zorn Clarissas sich bald in Niedergeschlagenheit und Ohnmacht ver wandeln und daß drei Schwache der jungen Frau sie bald zu seiner Beute werden lasten würde. Sie waren schön reizend und liebenswürdig. Sie haben mich angesehen in tiefste des Herzens ergriffen, Sie wurden zu mir gesprochen, die mir zu verstehen gaben, Zerstörung gleichgültig bin, daß ich zuständig an Ihrer Seite hergegangen bin, „bots da. Und, da Sie nun die Wahrheit enthüllt haben, da Sie mir das mir wünschten, da ich an Ihrem Zittern und Erbeben den Beweis erhielt, daß Sie mich noch immer lieben, da mir der Blick Ihrer schönen Augen sagt: Ich gehöre dir! glauben dauern, über das verscherzte Glück verzehren und als etwas für ewig Verlorenes beweinen wollte? Ich würde nie mehr verzeichen, und Sie selbst mir Augenblicke auch Ihr Zorn sein möge, würden es mir nie vergeben, wenn ich so ohne weiteres entschieden ich will kämpfen, kämpfen, bis ich schließlich schwebt etwas, was stärker ist, als unser Wille. Das Schicksal ist so das uns zueinander treibt. Mir ich will, daß wir einander angehören, ich will's ich will""" Während er so sprach, hatte Maisch die Rors nach dem Hause zu wenden, über sie fühlte sie schwach, ihre Anstrengungen waren vergeblich und Jaques' lateinische Keule keine große Mühe. den Vorteil, den ihre Worte und die neugewordene Wunde ihm boten, auszunützen und sie zurückzu- So saß sie da, blaß und wortlos, im Schwanken -wissen dem Absagen, den ihr die Worte Nom, und dem Mitleid mit dem Manne, dessen Bild sie ihrem Herzen gehegt hatte. "vereinst Wer als sie ihn reden hörte mit der Autorität eines Meisters, als sie aus seinen Worten den Wunsch herauslas, sie seinen Wünschen gefügig zu machen, konnte sie sich nicht enthalten, ihm zuzurufen: „Mein Herr, mit Ihren beleidigenden Worten gehen Sie eine Schlechtigkeit. -Die Hoffnung, der Sie soeben Ausdruck gegeben haben und mit der Sie mir eine Insulte zufügen, wird niemals in Erfüllung gehen, das lassen Sie sich gesagt sein. Jetzt ist es zu spät. Ich bin nicht mehr frei. Entfernen Sie sich also, Herr Marquis, verfolgen Sie mich nicht weiter. Ich werde mich bemühen, das Leid zu vergessen, welches Sie mir zugefügt haben, und das mich nicht verhindert, Ihnen eine glücklichere Zukunft zu wünschen, als es die meinige sein wird. Bei diesen Worten versagte ihr die Stimme und sie musste an sich halten, um nicht in Tränen anszubrechen. Das arme Weib fühlte in seinem Innern, dass es nicht angeht, eine Liebe zu bannen, die so lange Zeit im Herzen regiert hat. Dieser Anfall von Schwäche war nur von kurzer Dauer, doch er genügte, um Jacques zu enthüllen, dass das, was er eben vernommen, nicht aus dem Herzen Clarissas stammte, um den Zwang zu erraten, den sie sich antat. Mit einer leidenschaftlichen Gebärde warf er sich daher ihr zu Füßen, ergriff ihre Hand und bedeckte sie trotz Clarissas Sträuben mit Küssen. „Ich kann Sie nicht verlassen, beladen mit Ihrem Zorn," rief er aus. „Nach Ihren grausamen Worten kann ich nicht gehen, lassen Sie mich in Ihrer Nähe weilen. Ich werde... Wir sehen in den offenen Besprechungen der Frage einen Dienst, den nur dem Vaterlande und dem Heere erweisen. Ich habe nicht Lust, das Beispiel des früheren Kollegen Antritt mit seiner Dauerrede nachzuahmen. Ich beschränke mich darauf, Einzelfälle von Soldatenmißhandlungen aus der letzten Zeit vorzuführen. Redner bespricht dann den Fall Breite n- b a ch . bei dem ein Soldat durch die fortgesetzten Brutalitäten irrsinnig geworden und das Oberkriegsgericht die Strafe von 7 Monaten auf 4 Monate herabsetzte, und hebt weiter an einer Reihe anderer Fälle hervor, dass die Vorgesetzten nur milde be Straft werden. Von Anfang Januar bis Ende März seien 49 Fälle abgeurteilter Mißhandlungen und vorschriftswidriger Behandlungen registriert worden. Meistenteils aber kämen diese Fälle nicht in die Öffentlichkeit, weil die Leute sich sagten, die Beschwerden nützen doch nichts. Trotz aller Erlasse ist das Beschwerderecht der Soldaten sehr zweifelhafter Natur und wie steht es, wenn nicht der betreffende Soldat sich be schwert. Der Fall Rehbein und dessen Inhaftnahme gibt darüber eine drastische Aufklärung. Eine Änderung des Beschwerderechts ist notwendig. Besonders bemerkenswert erscheint mir der Vorschlag, die höheren Vorgesetzten für die Handlungen der mittleren Vorgesetzten verantwortlich zu machen. An den Militärattachés ist der Bauernstand besonders -beteiligt. Redner regt eine Erhöhung der Einquartierungsentschädigung und Rücksichtnahme auf den Stand der Landbestellung an und empfiehlt ferner für das Handwerk den Ausbau des Genossenschaftswesens und für das Baugewerbe den Befähigungsnachweis. |
github_open_source_100_1_576 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import toHex from '../util/to-hex'
import { foregroundColor, foregroundColor2, highlightColor } from './colors'
const layout = [
{ data: 'TABLE 00', x: 1, y: 3, color: highlightColor },
{
data: 'N V CMD1 CMD2 CMD3',
x: 3,
y: 5,
color: foregroundColor2
},
// map
{ data: ' E', x: 34, y: 17, color: foregroundColor2 },
{ data: 'SCPI', x: 34, y: 18, color: foregroundColor2 },
{ data: 'T', x: 38, y: 18, color: highlightColor },
{ data: ' M ', x: 35, y: 19, color: foregroundColor2 }
]
for (let i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
layout.push({
data: toHex(i)[1],
x: 1,
y: 6 + i,
color: i % 4 === 0 ? foregroundColor : foregroundColor2
})
layout.push({ data: '--', x: 3, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor2 })
layout.push({
data: (data) => toHex(data[`Table Row ${i + 1} Note Transpose`].value),
x: 3,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
layout.push({ data: '--', x: 6, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor2 })
layout.push({
data: (data) => {
const { value } = data[`Table Row ${i + 1} Note Volume`]
if (value < 128) {
return toHex(value)
}
return false
},
x: 6,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
layout.push({ data: '---', x: 9, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor2 })
layout.push({
data: (data) => {
const { label, value } = data[`Table Row ${i + 1} CMD1`]
if (value < 255) {
return label
}
return false
},
x: 9,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
layout.push({ data: '00', x: 12, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor })
layout.push({
data: (data) => toHex(data[`Table Row ${i + 1} CMD1 Value`].value),
x: 12,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
layout.push({ data: '---', x: 15, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor2 })
layout.push({
data: (data) => {
const { label, value } = data[`Table Row ${i + 1} CMD2`]
if (value < 255) {
return label
}
return false
},
x: 15,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
layout.push({ data: '00', x: 18, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor })
layout.push({
data: (data) => toHex(data[`Table Row ${i + 1} CMD2 Value`].value),
x: 18,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
layout.push({ data: '---', x: 21, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor2 })
layout.push({
data: (data) => {
const { label, value } = data[`Table Row ${i + 1} CMD3`]
if (value < 255) {
return label
}
return false
},
x: 21,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
layout.push({ data: '00', x: 24, y: 6 + i, color: foregroundColor })
layout.push({
data: (data) => toHex(data[`Table Row ${i + 1} CMD3 Value`].value),
x: 24,
y: 6 + i,
color: foregroundColor
})
}
export default layout
|
884875_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | FC 모르도비야 사란스크()는 러시아 모르도바 공화국 사란스크를 연고로 하는 축구 클럽이다. 이 클럽은 1961년에 창단되었으며 2005년 비오히미크 모르도비야(Биохимик‑Мордовия)를 합병하면서 오늘에 이른다.
2010년 러시아 퍼스트 디비전으로 승격되었으며 2012년 팀 역사상 최초로 러시아 프리미어리그로 승격되었다.
선수단
1군 명단
2015년 2월 4일 기준
연혁
1961년 스트로이텔 사란스크 (Stroitel Saransk)
1962년-1971년 스파르타크 사란스크 (Spartak Saransk)
1972년-1979년 엘렉트로스베트 사란스크 (Elektrosvet Saransk)
1980년-2002년 스베토테흐니카 사란스크 (Svetotekhnika Saransk)
2003년-2004년 리스마 모르도비야 사란스크 (Lisma-Mordovia Saransk)
2005년-현재 모르도비야 사란스크 (Mordovia Saransk)
성적
러시아 퍼스트 디비전 1회 우승 (2012)
외부 링크
공식 홈페이지
러시아의 축구단
1961년 설립된 축구단
2020년 해체된 축구단.
|
github_open_source_100_1_577 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import queryString from 'query-string';
import { merge } from 'lodash/fp';
import { isNetworkError, isJsonHeader } from './util';
import RequestError from './errors/RequestError';
class Client {
private baseUrl: string;
private headers: Headers;
private options: RequestOptions;
constructor(baseUrl: string, options: RequestOptions) {
this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
this.headers = new Headers();
this.options = {
...options,
mode: 'cors',
cache: 'no-cache',
redirect: 'follow',
referrerPolicy: 'no-referrer',
};
this.response = this.response.bind(this);
this.request = this.request.bind(this);
}
refreshHeaders(json = false): void {
this.headers = new Headers(merge(this.options.initialHeaders(), this.options.headers));
if (json) {
this.headers.append('Accept', 'application/json');
this.headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json');
}
}
async request({
path, query, body, baseUrl, method, json,
}: RequestOptions): Promise<ClientResponse | RequestError> {
this.refreshHeaders(json);
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const url = queryString.stringifyUrl({
url: `${baseUrl || this.baseUrl}${path}`,
query,
});
fetch(url, {
...this.options,
method,
headers: this.headers,
body: JSON.stringify(body),
}).then(async (res) => {
if (isNetworkError(res.status)) {
reject(new RequestError(await this.response(res)));
} else {
resolve(this.response(res));
}
}).catch((e) => {
reject(new RequestError({ data: e.message, status: 500, statusText: 'Internal server error' }));
});
});
}
async response(res: Response): Promise<ClientResponse> {
let data = null;
if (isJsonHeader(this.headers)) {
data = await res.json();
} else {
data = await res.text();
}
return {
status: res.status,
statusText: res.statusText,
data,
};
}
}
export default Client;
|
AS/1902/AS_19020715/MM_01/0006.xml_1 | NewZealand-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | THE WINNING OF Isolde. A ROMANCE OF THE RUSSIAN BORDER. By St. GEORGE RATHBORNE. Author of "Dr. Jack," "Dr. Jack's Widow," "Miss Caprice," "A Warrior Bold," "Little Miss Millions," etc. CHAPTER XXX. FOR LIBERTY. When the prisoner of the dungeon again consulted his watch, he found that the night was wearing on, as it had already reached the hour of ten. It was time he began to work if he hoped to carry out Lieutenant Gourko's plan. The guard never dreamed what a narrow escape he had had from the bottle of drugged vodky this more priest carried on his person, and which had power enough within its glass confines to purify him in the guardhouse for sleeping while on duty. Once convinced that the coast was clear and quiet reigned again. Dm: dale prepared for business. He was still a little uneasy about the baron; it seemed as though his monarch of the dungeon must have his latchstring out, since everyone he knew in Smolensk was taking a notion to give him a friendly call this evening. "I hope he doesn't come, it ne knows what's good for him he won't," muttered Owen, unconscious of the fact that the Princess Isolde was even then entertaining the baron, and General Gratscheff, and dazzling the former with bright smiles and ready wit, so that he even forgot, uoor fool! that such a person as Owen Dugdale existed. Being still uneasy, the prisoner managed to ingeniously barricade the door by means of his heavy-framed pallet, so that it would be next to impossible for anyone to effect an entrance unless the door itself were battered in by means of axes. Then he took his candles and sought the spot in the rear of the cell where he had discovered the loose stones in the wall. When these had been removed, he held them in readiness. Once it had, of course, been used, but was abandoned long years ago and the cross passage leading to it filled in. Starting from this cell, Gourko had made his tunnel. The earth was j heaped up on three sides, and Dug dale realized how like a beaver the lieutenant must have labored, night after night, in order to obtain such results. He crawled into the hole with more or less trepidation, his fear being lest he should find it only a hollow mockery in some way. But the lieutenant had done well, and yard after yard Owen followed the opening until finally he had reach ed the end. He meant business from the start. That was why he was there, and not from idle curiosity. So he worked as though accustomed to such labour; even a getleman and an artist may perform prodigies of valour in the line of quarrying when life and liberty and happiness depend upon it. And Dugdale had the greatest in centive that ever urged a man to superior efforts—love of a woman, whose future also depended wholly on his success or failure. This, then, nerved him when the hours passed and his cramped mus cles grew weary of the terrible strain. He carried the earth out to the cell, utilising a hat, a priestly bit of head gear Vladimir had bequeathed him, for the purpose of a bucket, and Dug dale was fain to confess that as a vehicle of transportation it answered the purpose most excellently. He grew quite proud of the pro gress he made, and of the great heap d,f earth which was accumulating as th\e fruits of his steady toil.. 'VUpon my word, I never knew I wotfld make such a good navvy," he chuAkled, looking at his soiled hands, and iyondering if there was enough water\in the pitcher to cleanse them with; \"but a fellow must expect to meet wVth strange experiences when he undertakes to win a princess of the royal blood. There was Jacob of old; didn't he \serve seven years for Ra chel? Welli, I purpose completing my courtship in less than seven weeks, Providence permitting; but I'll do more in a diiy than that ancient worthy thought of in a year." Exhausted at length, and under the belief that he had gone as far as was advisable until ready to break through, Dngdale once more repaired to Ms own cell. First he closed the aperture in the wall as carefully as was possible, so that a casual glance might not dis close its presence. His next tasK was to brush his clothes and wash as" well as the wretched means would aJlow. He had no visitors to help in discussing the tedium, at least until General Gratscheff dropped in late in the afternoon. "You do not seem surprised to see me?" he said, when the prisoner greeted him pleasantly. "That is so—in fact, I am surprised at nothing, general," Dugdale replied, philosophically. "I should at this time be well on towards Rustchuk." "Yes." "And the fact, that I am still here, Jeclares the journey delayed until tomorrow." "The Fates favor me," calmly. "Say rather a woman's whim; the only way off." "To-morrow she must go, sick or, well." "Ah! they say tomorrow is a good way off," murmured Dugdale; then, as the general looked suspiciously at him, he added: "Perhaps ere, then a special courier may arrive from St. Petersburg with fresh orders from the Czar, allowing the princess to go when and where she wills." Whereupon the old soldier grinned and said: "Which would please Monsieur Dugdale not a little, though I think in that case the baron might insist upon having him court-martialed and shot as a public enemy." Owen snapped his fingers. "That for the old nobleman. He may consider himself lucky if we separate without coming to a personal settlement of our differences. I'd give a year's grace for a chance at him. Can't you arrange it some how, general?" Dugdale laughed some more; he appeared to have conceived the idea that Dugdale was quite a comical fellow, and while the other might be serious enough, the general was bent upon calling everything flashes of wit and humor. solemnly declared he could not see his way clear towards arranging such a duel, and yet it would have suited him immensely. "I'm afraid the baron's forgotten you, monsieur, since he is almost constantly in the society of the charming princess, who sings and plays for him in a manner simply distracting." Dugdale was inclined to be jealous, but he chanced to be quite a sensible fellow for a lover, and was able to see that Isolde, having gained her object in delaying the journey, was now bent upon "keeping the baron near her, so that he might not go prowling about the citadel, bent on doing the prisoner injury. She hated her noble suitor, but could even punish herself by the infliction of his company if by so doing she might serve the plan she and Dugdale had between them. So in his secret soul, Owen rejoiced; he was not the only one to make sac rifices, it seemed, for the common weal. The general had really only looked in upon him to see how he got on, incidentally to discover perhaps whether his tactics had been successful in putting a stop to the drain on his private stock of wine and cigars, and to ask if the prisoner had seen fit to change his mind in relation to the proposal he had launched on the previous day. "In a thousand years, and you know my breed, General Gratscheff, I don't buy my liberty in that way. Either I shall stay here until you see fit to turn me out, or else, favoured by the smiles of Fortune, I'll win and wear." That was his ultimatum, and the general had no reason to alter the opinion he formed regarding the nature of his very stubborn prisoner. He shook hands again at parting. "Dug-dale, I like you, and I would that conditions allowed me to see more of you," he said. "Oh! you'll dance at my wedding, general." "Such superb nerve, such blind confidence! It is wonderful! I'll tell you what I'll do, monsieur." "Yes." "Send you another bird and a bottle for your supper and to remember me by." "Good, general, and I beg that you add half a dozen cigars, as their equal cannot be had this side of Vienna." And when the hamper came, later on, sure enough, there was a small box of the weeds: Gratscheff had been so influenced by his admiration for his cool prisoner that he had to serve the plan she and Dugdale had between them. had done himself proud. Perhaps as an investment it might pay him more than anything he had ever done in the course of his adventurous career, for favors like this are never forgotten. Dugdale had recouped his lost sleep during the day, so that after he had feasted on what came in the general's hamper, he was feeling in fine fettle for the work on hand. 6 WADE'S .VOEM FIGS—Tnc Wonder rui;\,orm Wo- iers—are a safe and sure remedy, in y boxes. Sold everywhere. MEDICAL. In all Cases of etching Burning-Humours with White Cleansing the Skin and Scalp with hot baths of CUTICURA SOAP and healing the Raw, Inflamed Surface with CUTICURA OINTMENT. Sold by Colonial Chemists. Potter Dime & Co., Sole Props., Boston. D. S.A. coughs, SPILLS, THROAT AND LUNG TROUBLES, A KITCHEN, and other Colds and Coughs. Each Capsule bears the name KAY'S COMPOUND ESSENCE OF LIME, Aniseed, Senega, Squill, etc. The finest remedy known for Coughs, Colds and Coughs. Bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchitis, etc. The old Balsam is the only remedy for Bronchitis, Coughs, and other Colds and Coughs. OCTOBER, P. S. Coughs, SPILLS, THROAT AND LUNG TROUBLES, A KITCHEN, and other Colds and Coughs. Each Capsule bears the name KAY'S COMPOUND ESSENCE OF LIME, Aniseed, Senega, Squill, etc. The finest remedy known for Coughs, Colds and Coughs. Bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchitis, etc. The old Balsam is the only remedy for Bronchitis, Coughs, and other Coughs. OCTOBER, P. S. Coughs, SPILLS, THROAT AND LUNG TROUBLES, A KITCHEN, and other Colds and Coughs. Each Capsule bears the name KAY'S COMPOUND ESSENCE OF LIME, Aniseed, Senega, Squill, etc. The finest remedy known for Coughs, Colds and Coughs. Bronchitis, Asthma, Bronchitis, etc. The old Balsam is the only remedy for Bronchitis, Coughs, and other Coughs. Earthenware, etc., and all Broken Articles. England. LOST. A SPLITTING HEADACHE IN A "PHEW" MINUTES AFTER TAKING MOST GRAY. 1 dozen Powders 1/6, or 2d each. Sole Agent—A. S. J. LAMB, Chemist, Symonds-st. LADIES. YOUNG'S FEMALE REMEDIES. (PILLS AND TONIC) A guaranteed to cure all female irregularities, for the removal of all female irregularities. Agent, W. H. WOOLLAMS, Chemist, Ponsonby; and from following Chemists: —FENTON, Newton; COOPER, Victoria street; and MURRAY, Parnell; also from all other Chemists. Wholesale from Drug! Warehouse. TERVOUSNESP, LOSS OF ENERGY AND STRENGTH. A, Gentleman having tried in vain every advertised remedy, and discovered a simple means of self-cure, will be happy to forward particulars to sufferers on receipt of stamped directed envelope.—Address A. MINER, G.P.O., PAPILLARIE, OR NURSERY HAIR LOTION! Cure and Preventative of Nits and Vermin in Children's Hair. In Bottles, One Shilling each. Prepared only by ARTHUR G. KENDERDINE, Pharmaceutical Chemist, Karangahape Road. TO MEW.—Write for Free Copy of valuable book about yourselves, your health, your happiness, your future. It contains a full exposition of the human system and the remedies adopted. No need to consult doctors. Posted Free in sealed envelope. Every man should read it. Address G. SPECIFIC, 539, Elizabeth-street, North. Melbourne. ~TO LADIES. — No need to consult doctors or chemists. The remedies you require in your own hands. Write for free copy of valuable book about yourself, your health, your welfare. Every woman should read it. Posted free in sealed envelopes.—Address G. SPECIFIC, 53&. Elizabeth-street, North Melbourne. POUND, "Spring Blossom"ointment? 7 -£• Cures all it touches, 6d and 1/; "Spring Blossom Pills," 6d and 1/; "Bloomine" Cures Corns, Warts, and Bunions, 6d per packet. Chemists and Storekeepers. PLEASE NOTE.—For the Show of Plated Ware and Cutlery. We want your Custom. Walk through our Show Rooms, or, write for Catalogue. THE CHEAPEST HOUSE IN TOWN. J. NATHAN'S TEAS. Have for years past maintained their SUPERIOR CHARACTER FOR UNFORTUNITY QUALITY AND GOOD VALUE. Households will find them THE MOST ECONOMICAL TO BUY, yet for Strength and Fragrance they, Leave nothing to be Desired! Ask for ARTHUR NATHAN'S LEAD PACKETS "RELIABLE, TEA and see that you get them and None Other. Another lot, same as Rink before—ex "Rumara," IT 11 If; worth 22/6, will be sold at 16/- per set. IF YOU WANT EITHER, DON'T MISS THE OPPORTUNITY. DOZENS WERE DISAPPOINTED LAST I n TIME. CIGARETTES. DRAPERY, CLOTHING, ETC. WORTH OF AND TO BE SOLD AT DISCOUNTS OF FROM ODD LOTS AT HALF PRICE. Owing to the unprecedented cold and wet weather for the past three months, we find ourselves overstocked, and have decided to hold a The Public know that what the D-S-O --say they mean, and we mean this to be the BIGGEST, the BEST, and MOST ATTRACTIVE SALE in the Province. SALE NOW ON. TIMBER MERCHANTS The Kauri Timber Co. LIMITED. CUSTOMS STREET WEST HAS IN STOCK AT ALL TIMES. Supplies of Thoroughly seasoned CABINET, TIMBER SKILTING, DOORS - MOULDINGS, SASHES, FURNITURE CASES, BOXES, TURNERY IN ALUTS, BRANCHES. EVERY DESCRIPTION OF JOINTS, KEN MADE FROM SEASONED TIMBER, The Company has unrivaled facilities for prompt execution of orders, whether for SPECIAL requirements or ordinary trade lines. TELEPHONE. 512. Send for Catalogue and Price Posted Free on application to The Kauri Timber Co. LIMITED. "L.-08." THE LEYLAND-O'BRIEN TIMBER CO., LIMITED. CUSTOMS STREET WEST. AUCKLAND TIMBER, JOINERY, MOULDINGS, etc., etc., etc. QUALITY AND EXHIBITION, 1898-9. Ist AWARD FOR VARIETY, Ist AWARD FOR QUALITY, Ist AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE OF WORK, All orders receive the personal supervision of Messrs W. B. LEYLAND and J. J. O'BRIEN. NOTE-THE POPULAR BRAND- | L.-08. J. TARKER, JAMES AND EX. J. XJ, TIMBER MERCHANTS, CUSTOM-ST. WEST. AUCKLAND. J TIMBER, JOINERY, ARCHITRAVES' MOULDINGS, SKIRTINGS VENEERS OF FANCY N.Z. WOODS PURIFIER POSTS, BRICKS AND LIME AT LOWEST PRICES. All Orders receive our Personal - Supervision. WIDE BOARDS A SPECIALTY. Telephone 226. GOLDIE supplies all kinds of Timber and other Building materials at his Mills, Albert-street and Breakwater Reef, including Joinery, Builders' Iron, and Wheelwrights at the lowest market price. COAL MERCHANTS. COAL BROOK DALE Westport Coal CHEAPEST AND BEST. The above Famous Coal can now be purchased either WHOLESALE OR RETAIL. Office: MINING CHAMBERS, EXCHANGE. ANQH | LANE, :| 103, QUEEN-ST.! P.O. Box 57. |
github_open_source_100_1_578 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package gg.projecteden.nexus.features.events.y2020.halloween20.models;
import gg.projecteden.nexus.features.events.y2020.halloween20.Halloween20;
import lombok.Getter;
import org.bukkit.Location;
import org.bukkit.Sound;
public enum SoundButton {
ONE(new Location(Halloween20.getWorld(), 399, 165, -1948), Sound.ENTITY_GHAST_WARN),
TWO(new Location(Halloween20.getWorld(), 309, 207, -1957), Sound.ENTITY_ZOMBIE_AMBIENT),
THREE(new Location(Halloween20.getWorld(), 292, 203, -1921), Sound.ENTITY_VEX_CHARGE),
FOUR(new Location(Halloween20.getWorld(), 300, 57, -1943), Sound.ENTITY_EVOKER_PREPARE_WOLOLO),
FIVE(new Location(Halloween20.getWorld(), 265, 105, -1957), Sound.ENTITY_PHANTOM_SWOOP),
SIX(new Location(Halloween20.getWorld(), 284, 62, -1962), Sound.ENTITY_WOLF_GROWL);
@Getter
private final Location location;
@Getter
private final Sound sound;
SoundButton(Location location, Sound sound) {
this.location = location;
this.sound = sound;
}
public static SoundButton getByLocation(Location location) {
for (SoundButton button : values())
if (button.getLocation().equals(location))
return button;
return null;
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_579 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace CSGV1
{
public partial class CSG
{
public List<CSGPolygon> polygons { get; set; } = new List<CSGPolygon>();
public static CSG fromPolygons(List<CSGPolygon> polygons)
{
return new CSG() { polygons = polygons };
}
/*
* Return a new instance of the CSG object, but break multi sided polygons into triangles.
* If you're fine with polygons of more than 3 sides you can just call fromPolygons
* Don't do this until we're ready for the output of the CSG, the larger polygons are fine during the CSG operations
*/
public static CSG fromTriangles(List<CSGPolygon> polygons)
{
List<CSGPolygon> TriangleList = new List<CSGPolygon>();
foreach (CSGPolygon p in polygons)
{
TesselatePolygon(TriangleList, p);
}
/*
* Flip each polygon so that the shapes are all two sided.
*/
foreach(CSGPolygon p in polygons)
{
// TriangleList.Add(p.clone().flip());
}
return new CSG() { polygons = TriangleList };
}
/*
* Tesselate a convex multisided polygon
*/
private static void TesselatePolygon(List<CSGPolygon> TriangleList,CSGPolygon p)
{
if (p.vertices.Count == 3)
{
TriangleList.Add(p);
return;
}
/*
* Retrieve the sequences of vertices to delete in order to snip a triangle
*/
List<int[]> sequenceList = GetSequence(p.vertices.Count);
/*
* For each sequence, make a copy of the polygon and remove the vertex indices
*/
foreach (int[] sequence in sequenceList)
{
CSGPolygon c = p.clone();
foreach (int ndx in sequence) c.vertices.RemoveAt(ndx);
TriangleList.Add(c);
}
}
/*
* Create a sequence of vertices to remove in order to clip triangles from a convex polygon with more than 3 sides
* The sequence is creaated by selecting marching 1,2 through the sequence of vertices beginning with 0 adding 1 each time.
* the 0th point is our anchor point, the first triangle is 0,1,2. then its 0,2,3 etc.
*
* The sequence consists of the numbers before and after the current 1,2, those are the values to clip
*
* For a 4 sided polygon the sequence of values to clip is
* 3 [keep 1,2]
* 1 [keep 2,3]
* for a 5 sided its
* 3 4 [keep 1,2]
* 1 4 [keep 2,3]
* 1 2 [keep 3,4]
* for 7 side its
* 3 4 5 6 [keep 1,2]
* 1 4 5 6 [keep 2,3]
* 1 2 5 6 [keep 3,4]
* 1 2 3 6 [keep 4,5]
* 1 2 3 4 [keep 5,6]
*
*/
private static List<int[]> GetSequence(int count)
{
int[] sequence;
List<int[]> sequenceList = new List<int[]>();
int SequencePairStartIndex = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < count - 2; i++, SequencePairStartIndex++)
{
sequence = new int[count - 3]; // we skip 0 and the current sequence pair
int k = 0;
for (int j = 1; j < SequencePairStartIndex; j++) sequence[k++] = j ;
// now skip the current index and the next
for (int j = SequencePairStartIndex + 2; j < count; j++) sequence[k++] = j;
/*
* Reverse the array so that the higher number indices come first, we pull off of the end of the list
*/
Array.Reverse(sequence);
sequenceList.Add(sequence);
}
return sequenceList;
}
public CSG clone()
{
CSG csg = new CSG();
foreach (CSGPolygon p in polygons)
{
csg.polygons.Add(p.clone());
}
return csg;
}
public List<CSGPolygon> toPolygons()
{
return this.polygons;
}
public CSG union(CSG csg)
{
CSGNode a = new CSGNode(this.clone().polygons);
CSGNode b = new CSGNode(csg.clone().polygons);
a.clipTo(b);
b.clipTo(a);
b.invert();
b.clipTo(a);
b.invert();
a.build(b.allPolygons());
return CSG.fromTriangles(a.allPolygons());
}
public CSG subtract(CSG csg)
{
CSGNode a = new CSGNode(this.clone().polygons);
CSGNode b = new CSGNode(csg.clone().polygons);
a.invert();
a.clipTo(b);
b.clipTo(a);
b.invert();
b.clipTo(a);
b.invert();
a.build(b.allPolygons());
a.invert();
return CSG.fromTriangles(a.allPolygons());
}
public CSG intersect(CSG csg) {
CSGNode a = new CSGNode(this.clone().polygons);
CSGNode b = new CSGNode(csg.clone().polygons);
a.invert();
b.clipTo(a);
b.invert();
a.clipTo(b);
b.clipTo(a);
a.build(b.allPolygons());
a.invert();
return CSG.fromTriangles(a.allPolygons());
}
public CSG inverse()
{
var csg = this.clone();
foreach (CSGPolygon p in csg.polygons)
{
p.flip();
}
return csg;
}
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_580 | Github OpenSource | Various open source |
// Copyright (c) 2019, Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.
// Produced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
//
// This file is part of Apollo.
// OCEC-17-092
// All rights reserved.
//
// Apollo is currently developed by Chad Wood, [email protected], with the help
// of many collaborators.
//
// Apollo was originally created by David Beckingsale, [email protected]
//
// For details, see https://github.com/LLNL/apollo.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#include <string>
#include "apollo/models/Sequential.h"
int
Sequential::getIndex(std::vector<float> &features)
{
static int choice = -1;
// Return a sequential index, 0..N:
choice++;
if (choice == policy_count) {
choice = 0;
}
return choice;
}
Sequential::Sequential(int num_policies)
: PolicyModel(num_policies, "Sequential", true)
{
}
Sequential::~Sequential()
{
return;
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_581 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package com.aihwaong.minicm.controller;
import com.aihwaong.minicm.model.Menu;
import com.aihwaong.minicm.service.MenuService;
import com.aihwaong.minicm.service.PersonnelService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
/**
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* |
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @package: com.aihwaong.minicm.controller
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @Title:
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @ProjectName: cm
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @Description: 功能描述
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @author: 王富琳
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @email: < [email protected] >
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @date: 2020/6/19 9:20
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @updateUser: 修改人
* +-------------------------------------------------------
* | @updateTime: 修改时间
* +-------------------------------------------------------
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/menu")
public class MenuController {
@Autowired
private MenuService menuService;
@Autowired
private PersonnelService personnelService;
@GetMapping("/get")
public List<Menu> getMenu() {
Integer perssonelId = personnelService.getPsersonnlId();
return menuService.getMenu(perssonelId);
}
}
|
sn87065216_1909-05-27_1_5_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | P. BERNSTEIN LUKA, MISSISSIPPI I have decided to quit handling Yard Goods, such as Dress Goods, Woolen Goods, Silks, White Goods, Calicoes, Domestics, Laces, Embroideries, Ribbons and Novelty Goods, also Millinery Goods. A sale to clean our stocks of these goods will begin at once. Every yard of Dress Goods in the house will be marked in plain figures and will be sold at New York cost and some articles for less than cost. Will also sell Men’s and Boy’s Clothing, Shoes and Hats at a great reduction for cash. This great reduction sale will open on THURSDAY, MAY 20TH, AT 8:30 A. M. This is One of Greatest Events Ever Known in the History of Luka. You will Be Able to Buy SPRING and SUMMER DRESS GOODS at New York Prices. Remember the day, Thursday, May 20th at 8:30 a. m. This sale will continue until every yard of bolt goods is sold. Located next door to Luka Hardware Company. From Near Holcut. As I haven’t seen anything from this part in some time I thought I would give you a few dates. News scarce. Health very good. Farmers are moving on nicely what time it is not raining but that is most all the time. Mrs. Alla Lane from Houston, Tex., is visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Holder of Holcut. Misses Cora Howard, Lilia and Eva Bishop were the guests of Miss Nora Hughes Sunday after A crowd of young people attended the all day singing at Salem near Corinth Sunday and reported a grand time. Notice—there is going to be an all day singing at Sardis church the 5th Sunday in this month conducted by Prof. Neal. Everybody is invited to come and bring well-filled baskets and have a good time. Mr. W. L. Madden of Corinth was in the Holcut vicinity Monday. Mr. Bill Parker and family visited friends on Brown’s creek Sunday. Mrs. Willie Claunch and baby visited her sister Mrs. Dora Browning of Tishomingo Friday and Saturday, returning Sunday morning. The Holcut and Paden boys had a game of baseball here Saturday afternoon and played 15 to 5 in favor of Holcut. I think Holcut is coming to the front. The W. O. W. is having a two-story building erected which is near completion and there is a great deal of talk of building a depot in the near future. There is a great deal of logs and lumber loaded and shipped from there. Mr. O. L. Howard is putting logs on the yard now and there is lumber coming in every day. Wishing the Vidette and its many readers great success, I am as busy, Guess Who. Everybody is likely to have kidney and bladder trouble. In fact, nearly everybody has some trouble of this kind. That is the reason why you so often have pains in the back and groin, scalding sensation, urinary disorders, etc. —that's your kidneys. The best thing to do is to get some of DeWitt’s Kidney and Bladder Pills right away. Take them for a few days or a week or so and you will feel all right. In this way, too, you will ward off dangerous and possibly serious ailments. They are perfectly harmless, and are not only antiseptic, but allay pain quickly by their healing properties. Send your name to E.C. DeWitt & Co., Chicago, for a free trial box. Sold by Model Drug Store. From Dennis. DIED—On the 16th inst. Mrs. Tidwell, wife of Mr. M.J. Tidwell. J.C. Miller, of Golden, is visiting his mother, Mrs. T.B. Collins, who has been very sick for the last few days but is some better at this writing. Mr. J.A. Bruton visited his father near Paden today. The fast mail train stopped today and about 25 boys and girls boarded it for Hackleburg, Ala., to attend a singing at that place. Our clever and efficient postmaster, J.T. Blanchard, has built a new post office and moved into it to the 16th inst. He now has plenty of room and light for handling the mail. Our clever freight agent, Ber Evans seems to be moving or very nicely with his work in the office. About two weeks ago a mad dog made a raid through here. But several dogs. Some few killed their dogs and some did not. J.A. Byrant had a fine Shepherd dog bitten and thought he would no have him killed unless he showed signs. Of hydrophobia. So today, the dog had a fit and he had hit it, killed. L. R. Davis bought a bale of cotton a short time ago that had begun about 18 years. The cotton was well preserved and only showed a yellow cast from age. Suppose the cotton was raised by Uncle Mat Eaton. Our clever tax assessor, Mr. Foote, was in our village last week assessing taxes. More Anon. Smashed All Records. As an all-round laxative tonic and health-builder, no other pill compares with Dr. King's New Life Pills. They tone and regulate stomach, liver, and kidneys, purify the blood, strengthen the nerves, cure constipation, dyspepsia, biliousness, jaundice, headache, chills, and malaria. Try them. $0.75 per bottle. C. Jourdan's. Do you want nice stationery, well printed on good stock? Then come the Vidor's office. Biliousness and Constipation. For years I was troubled with biliousness and constipation, which made life miserable for me. My appetite failed me. I lost my usual force and vitality. Pepsin preparations and cathartics only made matters worse. I do not know where I should have been today had I not tried Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver Tablets. The tablets relieve the ill feeling at once, strengthen the digestive functions, purify the stomach, live and blood, helping the system to do its work naturally.—Mrs. Ros; Potts, Birmingham, Ala. These tablets are for sale at J. C. Jourdan's. Belmont Items. The three-year-old son of Mr. W. L. Nelson died here last Monday night, and the family carried it to Selmer, Tenn., to bury it. Dr. A. H. Montgomery spent several days here last week with relatives, and in the meantime made a business trip to Pleasant Site. Dr. K. F. McRae attended the Medical Association at Corinth last week. Mr. A. Wilson, sawyer for P.M. Ferguson & Co had the misfortune to get caught in a revolving shaft Monday and was pretty badly bruised, but not seriously. His clothing was torn off or else it would have killed him. Mr. R. Young, of Dennis, was a business caller here Wednesday. Mr. Wm. Millican, of Marietta, father of our hotel man, C.A. Millican visited relatives here last week. Assessor T.J. Foote was here several days last week assessing the town taxes. Jos Lennon was here Wednesday looking after the interests of his warehouse. R.L. Page, of Red Bay, was here Wednesday looking after the interests of his warehouse. Miss Robinson, daughter of Mr. Jas Robinson, is visiting relatives here. Miles Barkley has moved to Belmont and will go into business in the near future. Linnie, the small daughter of Mr. J.T. Sartain, is very low with some sort of brain or spinal affection. There was children's day exercises at the Methodist church Sunday. The children did well and were greeted with a large audience. Elder C.S. Wales, of Corinth, preached at the Baptist church Sunday night. Mr. S.B. King will organize a council of Junior Order of Mecbanites here tomorrow night with some 20 or 30 members. The Methodists are arranging to build a handsome new church here soon. Your truly, Citizen A Smile is a pretty hard thing to accomplish when you’re blue, bilious and out of sorts. There is a sure cure for all kinds of stomach and liver complaints—constipation and dyspepsia. Ballard's Herbine is made yet absolutely effective in all cases. Price 25 and 50c. bottle. At Jourdan’s Drug Store. Kodol For I*68**0" Relieves sour stomach, palpitation of the heart. Digests what you eat. From Burtons. May 24th, 1909. En. Vidette: As I have not seen a letter from this part of the country, I will try to give you all a few dots. Crops are good for this time of year. Most all the people around here have their corn plowed and some few have some cotton chopped. Mrs Amanda Beavers happened to a very bad accident last week. She visited Burton and on her return home fell out of the buggy and injured her head. Hope she will soon recover as she is a good friend of the writer. Miss Dorindy Wilson attended services at New Hope church Sunday. Guess she had a nice time. Miss Callie Howell visited Sibbie Woodruff last Sunday. No use to say they enjoyed themselves, they always do. Mr Jas Gardner visited friends last Sunday. Mr W W Adams has a lawsuit on hand. Hope he will enjoy it. Mr Hop Harris passed through Burton last week. This text has been corrected to align with the context and the instructions given. I. U. Bell Carpenter carried some young ladies to the singing at Tishomingo Sunday, May 16. Reported a good time and a nice ride. Mr. J. E. Shackelford, of Paden, will preach at Piney Grove on Sunday in the morning and Mr. Lee Shook in the evening. Everyone is invited to come. Expecting to have a large crowd. Will close with best wishes. Remember me as Wild Rose. Do It Now. Now is the time to get rid of your rheumatism. You can do by applying Chamberlain's Liniment. Nine cases out of ten are simply muscular rheumatism due to cold or damp, or chronic rheumatism, and yield to the vigorous application of this liniment. Try it. You are certain to be delighted with the quick relief which it affords. For sale by J. C. Jourdan. Kendrick, Miss., 11-1-1909. Tennessee Valley Fertilizer Co. Florence, Ala. Gentlemen: This is to certify that I have used your King Cotton Grower with satisfactory results. I have been using it for several years. Yours truly, John M. Carroll. If you expect to get the original Carbonized Witch Hazel Salve you must be sure it is DeWitt’s Carboline Salve. It is good for cuts, burns and bruises, and is especially good for piles. Refuse substitutes. They are sold by Model Drug Store. As sore throat is a dangerous malady but don’t need to tie a sock around your neck to cure it. Ballard's SNOW LINIMENT will cure that throat in short order." Ballard's Snow Liniment penetrates the pores, causing free circulation, giving the muscles more elasticity. RHEUMATISM, CUTS, SPRAINS, LUMB WOUNDS, OLD SORES, STIFF BURNS AND ALL PAINS. OVE INSTANT RELIEF. Henry Stone, Provo, Utah, writes: “I have used Ballard's Snow Liniment for Neuralgia, Toothache and Sore Throat, which upon application gave me instant relief. I can recommend it as being the best Liniment I have ever used in my case.” PRICE 25c, 50c AND $1.00 Ballard Snow Liniment Co. 500-502 North Second Street, ST. LOUIS, - - MISSOURI. Sold and Recommended by Kodol For Dyspepsia and Indigestion If you suffer from Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Gas on the Stomach, Belching, Sour Stomach, Heartburn, etc., a little Kodol will Relieve you almost Instantly. Kodol supplies the same digestive juices that are found in a healthy stomach. Being a liquid, it starts digestion at once. Kodol not only digests your food, but helps you enjoy every mouthful you eat. You need a sufficient amount of good, wholesome food to maintain strength and health. But, this food must be digested thoroughly, otherwise the pains of indigestion and dyspepsia are the result. When your stomach cannot do its work properly, take something to help your stomach. Kodol is the only thing that will give the stomach complete rest. Why? Because Kodol does the same work as a strong stomach, and does it in a natural way. So, don’t neglect your stomach. Don't become a chronic, dyspeptic. Keep your stomach healthy and strong by taking a little Kodol. You Don't have to take Kodol all the time. You only take it when you need it. Kodol is perfectly harmless. Our Guarantee Go to your druggist today and get a dollar bottle. Then after you have used the entire contents of the bottle, don't hesitate, all druggists that our guarantee is good. The only appliance to the large bottle only and to the one in a family. The large bottle contains 50 times as much as the fifty cent bottle. Kodol is prepared at the laboratories of E. C. DeWitt & Co., Chicago. Kodol Grocery Co. (At McKinney Grocery Co.) Have opened a first-class Grocery Store and desire to have their share of the public patronage. To this end they propose to sell goods at close figures, to keep a good assortment, to treat people fairly, politely and honestly. We invite you to call and see us, assuring you of a cordial welcome at all times. J. T. GOYER, Agt. |
US-79336304-A_2 | USPTO | Public Domain | The present invention has been described above by way of itsembodiments. However, those skilled in the art can reach various changesand modifications within the scope of the idea of the present invention.Therefore it is to be understood that those changes and modificationsalso belong to the range of this invention. For example, the presentinvention can be variously changed without departing from the gist ofthe invention, as indicated below.
According to the present invention, it is the object to provide theinterconnects technique by which the microwave loss can be reduced andthe bandwidth of the interconnects can be. It is also an object to useany dielectric material (including conventional dielectric material andthe manufacturing technology) in the technique and could increase thebandwidth tremendously. In simplicity of drawing, preferred embodimentsare described mostly considering the microstrip line configuration.However, all line configurations such as strip line, coplanar line withsingle or multiple signal line (including differential line) also coverthis invention.
Several preferred embodiments for high-speed on-chip and off-chipsinterconnects are described considering the microstrip lineconfiguration and also the single or multiple embedded metal plans inthe dielectric s All line configurations as mentioned earlier coversalso this invention. The shape of the metal array could be any type suchas square, circular, or any polynomial shape etc. According to thisinvention, high-speed chip packaging can also be possible.
Although the invention has been described with respect to specificembodiment for complete and clear disclosure, the appended claims arenot to be thus limited but are to be construed as embodying allmodification and alternative constructions that may be occurred to oneskilled in the art which fairly fall within the basic teaching here isset forth.
The present invention is expected to be found practically use in thehigh-speed on-chip, off-chip interconnects, where the signal speed 5Gb/s and beyond are necessary using of the conventional material, andthe bandwidth of the interconnects can be made to ideally to speed ofthe light for no-loss transmission line. The present invention can alsobe implemented in the high-speed single or multiple signal connectors,and high-speed cables (not shown). The applications include on-chipinterconnects where high-speed electronics chips or electronics chipswith optical chips are need to be connected. As ideally the bandwidth ofthe interconnect system can be made to close to fiber, future monolithic(and also hybrid near future) integration of electronics and opticalchips can also interconnected without (much or none at all) sacrificingthe chips speed. The application also includes the high speed multichipmodule interconnection, 3-D chip or memory interconnection, high speedparallel system for computer animation and graphics for high speed 2-Dor 3-D video transmission, and high bandwidth image display, high speedrouter where high speed electronics switches (or IC) are needed to beinterconnected. The application also include the high speed (5 Gb/s andbeyond) connectors and cables for high speed board-to-board,rack-to-rack interconnection, and also single or multiple high-densitysignal connections and carrying from one side to other in longer path.
Of course, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that theforegoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this invention,and that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
1. A high speed electronics interconnection system comprising: at leastone electrical signal line with no periodic variation in thickness, saidsignal line for transmitting a signal between two or more electronicelements; a dielectric system having at least one homogeneous dielectriclayer, wherein the signal line is laid on the dielectric system; and atleast one electrical conducting plane including at least one, onedimensional array having a certain pitch, said array formed by aperiodic pattern of discontinuities in a conducting material of saidconducting plane, wherein said conducting plane serves as a ground or apower plane, and there is no electrical conducting path between theconducting plane and the at least one electrical signal line; and thepitch of the array determines the variation of the dielectric propertiesof the homogeneous dielectric layer during transmission of the signalbetween the two or more electronic elements through the at least oneelectrical signal line.
2. The interconnection system according to claim1, wherein said dielectric system includes a second electricalconducting plane embedded into it, said second conducting plane includesat least one, one dimensional array having a certain pitch, said arrayformed by a periodic pattern of discontinuities in the conductingmaterial of the second conducting plane, wherein there is no electricalconducting path between the second conducting plane and the at least oneelectrical signal line, and wherein the pitch of the array of the secondconducting plane further determines the variation in the dielectricproperties of the dielectric system.
3. The interconnection systemaccording to claim 1 in which the dielectric interconnection system asdescribed in claim 1 is stacked together.
4. The interconnection systemaccording to claim 1, in which wherein tow or more electronics elements,on-chip or off-chip, is are interconnected.
5. The interconnectionsystem according to claim 1 in which the one or more has a strip lineconfiguration, and wherein the signal line(s) are laid into thedielectric system and an other another side is exposed to the dielectricsystem.
6. The interconnection system according to claim 1 in which theone or more signal lines has a strip line configuration, and wherein thesignal line(s) are laid on the dielectric system, and are also exposedto the dielectric media.
7. The interconnection system according toclaim 1 in which said at least one signal line has a coplanarconfiguration, and wherein the at least one signal line and the groundplane are in the same plane and laid on the dielectric system and areexposed to the air or inhomogeneous dielectric media.
8. Theinterconnection system according to claim 1 in which said dielectricsystem includes ceramic dielectric material.
9. The interconnectionsystem according to claim 1 in which the dielectric system includes apolymer material having dielectric properties.
10. The interconnectionsystem according to claim 1, fabricated using IC fabrication technologyand PCB fabrication technology for on-chip and off-chip interconnects,respectively.
11. The interconnection system according to claim 1wherein said dielectric layer(s) does not periodically vary inthickness, while allowing controlled variation in the dielectricproperties of the dielectric system.
12. A high speed electronicsinterconnection system comprising: a continuous double-ended body havingat least two ends, wherein one end is connected to at least one inputterminal and another end is connected to at least one output terminal,said double-ended body includes; at least one electrical signal linewith no periodic variation in thickness, said signal line fortransmitting a signal between two or more electronic elements connectedwith the double-ended body interposed in between; a dielectric systemhaving at least one homogeneous dielectric layer, wherein the signalline and the double-ended body are laid on the dielectric system; and atleast one electric conducting plane including at least one, onedimensional array having a certain pitch, said array formed by aperiodic pattern of discontinuities in a conducting material of saidelectric conducting plane, wherein said electric conducting plane servesas a ground or power plane, and there is no electrical conducting pathbetween the conducting plane and the at least one electrical signalline, and wherein the pitch of the array determines the variation of thedielectric properties of the homogeneous dielectric layer duringtransmission of the signal between two or more electronic elementsthrough the at least one electrical signal line.
13. The interconnectionsystem according to claim 12 wherein said dielectric system includes atleast one ceramic dielectric material.
14. The interconnection systemaccording to claim 12 wherein said dielectric system includes at leastone polymer material having dielectric properties.
15. Theinterconnection system according to claim 12, wherein the double-endedbody is a cable..
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github_open_source_100_1_582 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace DomainBase
{
public abstract class CurrentUserEvent
{
public Guid UserId { get; set; }
public string Account { get; set; }
}
}
|
5977850_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | Peters, J.
Appeal (transferred to this Court by order of the Appellate Division, Second Department) from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Gurahian, J.), entered April 19, 1991 in Westchester County, upon a verdict rendered in favor of defendants.
Plaintiff Delores G. Radloff (hereinafter Radloff) began experiencing chronic pain under the big toe of her right foot in 1976 and thereafter sought treatment from numerous podiatrists and medical professionals. In August 1984, Radloff made an appointment to see defendant Jeffrey Adler, a podiatrist who was then practicing with his father, defendant Merwin Adler, also a podiatrist.
On August 20, 1984, Radloff was examined by Merwin Adler, who after concluding, inter alia, that Radloff had a bunion, a hammertoe condition and a calcium deposit on her *974right foot, performed a bunionectomy, tenotomies and an arthroplasty. On August 28, 1984, Radloff received further treatment from Merwin Adler which included a bunionectomy and tenotomies on the left foot. On September 25, 1984, Radloff returned to defendants’ office and Jeffrey Adler performed in-office laser surgery on both feet. Treatment continued by Merwin Adler through November 1985.
Radloff and her husband thereafter commenced this action against defendants alleging negligence in the performance of the various in-office surgical procedures and negligence based on lack of informed consent, as well as a derivative claim. A trial was held in March 1991. Supreme Court instructed the jury on negligence and lack of informed consent. The jury returned a verdict in favor of defendants on all claims and a judgment was entered. Plaintiffs now appeal. Plaintiffs contend that a new trial should be granted because Supreme Court failed to marshal the evidence during its charge to the jury. We disagree. We note that plaintiffs’ counsel failed to raise this objection in Supreme Court and therefore the issue is unpreserved for review (see, CPLR 4110-b; Chazon v Parkway Med. Group, 168 AD2d 660, 661-662; Green v Meyer, 114 AD2d 352).
Notwithstanding such failure, we find that any contention that Supreme Court should have marshaled the evidence on its own initiative due to the complexity of the case is without merit (see, Bender v Nassau Hosp., 99 AD2d 744, 746). Our review of the record reveals that although the trial involved testimony which included medical terminology, the medical terms were repeatedly defined in terms that a layperson could understand, thereby reducing the arguable complexity of the case. Unlike Bender v Nassau Hosp. (supra), where the jury repeatedly requested that the charge be reread due to its difficulty in understanding the applicability of the law to the facts, the jury in this case never requested any readbacks and gave no indication that it experienced similar difficulties (see, supra, at 746-747). Moreover, our review of the jury charge reveals that Supreme Court did not merely recite abstract principles of law. Rather, it properly reviewed the factual contentions of the parties with respect to the applicable legal principles (see, Chazon v Parkway Med. Group, supra, at 662; cf., Green v Downs, 27 NY2d 205; Bender v Nassau Hosp., supra) and did so in a balanced and unbiased manner (cf., Lynn v McDonnell Douglas Corp., 134 AD2d 328).
In further support of a reversal, plaintiffs contend that *975Supreme Court charged the jury with an obsolete jury instruction on the lack of informed consent (see, 1 NY PJI 2:150A, at 398-399). According to plaintiffs, the jury’s attention was thereby focused on what Radloff would have done under the circumstances if fully informed of the foreseeable risks of treatment rather than what a reasonably prudent person would have done under similar circumstances—the objective standard required under the current charge (see, 1 NY PJI 2:150B [1993 Supp, at 377-378]).
The current charge involves the determination of three questions which must be answered in seriation: (1) whether the defendant, before obtaining the plaintiffs consent to the procedure, provided the plaintiff with appropriate information, (2) if such information was not found to have been provided, whether a reasonably prudent person in the plaintiffs position would have consented if given appropriate information, and (3) if a reasonably prudent person would not have consented, whether the procedure was a substantial factor in causing the plaintiffs injury (see, 1 NY PJI 2:150B [1993 Supp, at 378]). The former instruction as charged by Supreme Court focused solely on the first question of the current instruction, to wit: whether defendants provided adequate information to Radloff before obtaining her consent to the procedures performed. Hence, with the jury resolving such issue in favor of defendants, we find that the jury never would have reached the second question of the appropriate charge. Accordingly, on the facts presented, we find Supreme Court’s error insignificant and reversal of the underlying judgment unwarranted (see, Fleischer v Melmarkets, Inc., 174 AD2d 647, 648).
Mercure, J. P., White, Casey and Weiss, JJ., concur. Ordered that the judgment is affirmed, with one bill of costs.
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US-42348973-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Endoscope with uninterrupted flow purging system
ABSTRACT
An endoscope characterized by two separate yet generally coextensive fluid conduits disposed along the length thereof, thereby making feasible the establishment of a continuous, uninterrupted tissue-irrigating flow of fluid to and from a zone of examination and treatment into which the lead portion of the endoscope is introduced, so as to purge the zone to enhance the viewing therewithin and to facilitate treatment including surgical procedures carried out in the zone. Sensing means, pressure indicator means, and regulator means are provided for monitoring and controlling the fluid flow rate and for setting and limiting fluid pressure in the system.
United States Patent 1 Widran Aug. 19, 1975 1 ENDOSCOPE WITH UNINTERRUPTED FLOW PURGING SYSTEM Jerrold Widran, 60 State Dr., Glencoe, Ill. 60022 [22] Filed: Dec. 10, 1973 [21] Appl. No: 423,489
[76] Inventor:
[52] U.S. Cl. 128/7; 128/276; 128/303.15;
137/391 [51] Int. C13. A61B 1/06; A61M l/00 [58] Field of Search 128/6, 7, 303.15, 305,
Primary Examiner-Richard A. Gaudet Assistant Examiner-Henry S. Layton Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kegan, Kegan & Berkman [57] ABSTRACT An endoscope characterized by two separate yet generally coextensive fluid conduits disposed along the length thereof, thereby making feasible the establishment of a continuous, uninterrupted tissue-irrigating flow of fluid to and from a zone of examination and treatment into which the lead portion of the endoscope is introduced, so as to purge the zone to enhance the viewing therewithin and to facilitate treatment including surgical procedures carried out in the zone. Sensing means, pressure indicator means, and regulator means are provided for monitoring and controlling the fluid flow rate and for setting and limiting fluid pressure in the system.
1 Claim, 5 Drawing Figures 7 I I/O 56 f I70 20 PATENTEDAUE1 9 1975 LA N5 n. v@ QQ v8 ENDOSCOPE WITH UNINTERRUPTED FLOW PURGING SYSTEM The present invention relates to an endoscope or similar instrument finding utility in the examination of the interior of a hollow organ, as, for example, the urethra, and the bladder. More particularly, the invention is directed to a resectoscope with a markedly improved fluid transmitting system characterized in that it includes two separate yet generally coextensive fluid conduits disposed along the length of the device, one conduit constituting a fluid input channel or passage and the other a fluid return or exhaust passage, both in communication with an internal body cavity or medical treatment zone.
It is an important feature of the invention that the fluid conduit system makes it feasible to establish a continuous, uninterrupted tissue-irrigating flow of fluid to and from a zone of examination and treatment into which the lead portion of the endoscope is introduced. The technique which is made possible through the use of the improved apparatus of the invention enables one to purge the zone of treatment to enhance the viewing therewithin and to facilitate surgical procedures which may be required.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the apparatus includes fluid pressure sensing and indicator means together with pressure regulating means and guage means for monitoring and controlling the fluid flow rate and for adjusting and limiting the fluid pressure in the system.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the subject invention is a marked, significant improvement over the prior art related devices which utilize but a single fluid conduit or passage running through the probe or sheath of the endoscope. The art is replete with descriptions of prior art diagnostic and surgical instruments including cystoscopes which function with the benefit of only a single fluid transmission duct. Such a cystoscope is described in Wallace US. Pat. No. 2,487,498, and the entire disclosure of that patent is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the extent that it is not inconsistent herewith.
Other and further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description considered in conjunction with the drawings in which:
FIG. I is a side elevational view of a resectoscope incorporating the present invention, portions of the instrument being cut away to show the components contained within the outer sheath;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 and showing the arrangement of the fluid input and the fluid exhaust passages extending through the sheath of the resectoscope;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 but showing a second arrangement of the fluid input and exhaust passages;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view. similar to FIG. 3 but showing still another arrangement of the fluid input and fluid exhaust passages; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the fluid pumping and control system used in conjunction with the improved resectoscope of the invention.
The aims and objects of the invention are accomplished by providing, in an endoscope, a pair of fluid conduits communicating between a fluid supply reservoir and an internal body zone of medical treatment to establish a continuous, uninterrupted purging flow of fluid into and from the zone of treatment. In addition to the fluid reservoir and the pump for impelling the fluid through the conduit system, there is provided auxiliary equipment to enhance the procedure and to serve as controls and protective devices ensuring proper op eration under all conditions. Included in this auxiliary equipment are valves for regulating the fluid flow rate, pressure control elements for setting the required pressure in the fluid system, gauge means for monitoring the pressure in the system, and automatically-operating limit controls to ensure that no pressures above those desired are established in the system, particularly in the critical zone of treatment. All of the above structures are in addition to the conventional components of an endoscope, including the viewing or optical system, the illuminating system, and surgical elements such as a wire loop and the mechanical means for manipulating the loop.
For purposes of illustration, the endoscope of the invention will be described with specific reference to a cystoscope. Since the component elements of the device other than the fluid flow system and its associated components do not constitute part of the subject invention, no detailed description of these parts is provided herein. Referring now to the drawing, and particularly to FIGS. 1 to 4, for purposes of illustrative disclosure, a preferred embodiment of one form of the invention is shown incorporated in a cystoscope 20. As depicted, the cystoscope 20 includes a tubular endoscopic sheath 24 of substantially rigid construction and preferably composed of a plastic composition. Extending lengthwise through the sheath 24 is a probe assembly 26 carrying a viewing device constituting a surgical telescope 28 terminating at its forward end in a viewing lens 30. Also extending linearly through the sheath 24 as part of the probe assembly are electrical conductors 32 contained in a pipe 34 and used to supply power from a power supply (not shown) to an illuminating bulb 40, in the conventional manner. The probe assembly 26 also carries a pipe-encased surgical device or excising wire 42 which, as shown, terminates at its forwardly extremity in a loop 44.
The wire 42 and its terminal loop 44 are manipulable forwardly and rearwardly through a longitudinally extending sleeve 46 by means of an assembly including a gear 48 and a ratchet 50 controlled by a hand lever 52. The wires 42 are connected to an electrical jack 54 whereby electric current may be plugged in and fed to the loop 44.
Contained within and extending lengthwise through the sheath 24 are a pair of fluid conduits 56 and 58 terminating at the forward end of the cystoscope in ports or openings communicating with the zone in which the viewing lens 30, the light 40 and the wire loop 44 function when the instrument is put to use. The first conduit 56 constitutes the fluid input passage while the second conduit 58 is the fluid exhaust or return conduit.
In the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated, the conduits are demarked interiorly of the sheath 24 by means of a pair of longitudinally extending radial ribs or flanges 60 and 62 projecting between the inner wall surface 68 of the sheath 24 and the outer wall surface 72 of the probe assembly 26 passing through the sheath 24, all as indicated in FIG. 2. While in the specific form of the invention illustrated in FIG. 2 the ribs 60 and 62 are formed integrally with the sheath 24, preferably as a unitary extrusion, and the inwardly directed ends and 82 of the ribs 60 and 62 ride upon and engage the surface 72 of the probe assembly 26 in fluid sealing engagement therewith. it will be appreciated that other mechanical arrangements are possible. For example, as indicated in the cross sectional view of FIG. 3 the radial ribs and 92 which demark the two longitudinally extending passages 56 and 58 may be made of steel as part of the outer shell 34 of the probe assembly 26 and may bear upon the inner wall 68 of the sheath 24 in fluid sealing engagement. Many other suitable variations are possible including an arrangement in which the in-put conduit 56 and the exhaust conduit 58 are carried entirely by and constitute an integrally formed part of the sheath 24. Such an arrangement is indicated schematically in FIG. 4 in which internal webs 94 and 96 cooperate with the sheath 24 to form the conduits.
The rearward end 100 of the sheath 24 is sealed into or otherwise affixed to a collar 104 sleeved on an annular neck 106 in fluid tight engagement therewith to fasten the sheath on the resectoscope. A pair of stub pipe connectors 108 and 110 are sealed through the wall 114 of the collar 104 and communicate interiorly of the collar with the rearward ends of the fluid conduits 56 and 58 completing the connection between the interior of the sheath and the connections 108 and 110 to which flexible hoses (not shown) may be attached. Thus, the controlled introduction of isotonic fluid through the stub 108 causes the fluid to flow linearly through the conduit 56 and to discharge in the treatment zone 116 and, thereafter, to continue its path to return through the conduit 58 and to be discharged through the stub 110 exteriorly of the cystoscope 20.
The basic features and the inventive concepts of the subject development having been set forth, there is depicted in FIG. 5 a schematic representation of exemplary control apparatus used in ensuring that the fluid stream is properly introduced through the cystoscope, to the zone of treatment, and thence from that zone back through the cystoscopic device, tobe discharged. The apparatus described includes various safety devices and controls, all directed to making the entire procedure safe and reliable under all contingencies.
Referring now more particularly to FIG. 5 there is shown, in conjunction with the improved cystoscope of the invention, the fluid pumping and irrigation system together with pressure regulators, valves, other controls, safety devices, and gauges. A motor 120 is coupled to a fluid pump 124 by means of a mechanical coupling 126 connecting the output shaft 128 of the motor to the in-put drive shaft 132 of the pump 124, whereby actuation of the pump is effective to transfer an isotonic solution 140, e.g. 1.1% glycine. or any other desired liquid preparation, from a reservoir 142 through a pick-up tube 146 for delivery into a cystoscopic fluid feed line 150. Connected between the pump 124 and the cystoscope 20 is a fluid pressure regulator 154, a control valve 156, a fluid pressure gauge 160, and a fluid pressure limiting control 164. At its discharge end 166 the fluid in-put lead line is connected directly to fluid in-put stub 108 of the cystoscope 20, all as shown. After delivery of the irrigating fluid through the conduit 56 of the cystoscope 20 into 6 the zone of treatment 1 16, the fluid is removed through the passage 58 leading to an input end 170 of a discharge tube 174 connected to the output lead 110 of the cystoscope. Finally, the fluid is discharged to a collecting vessel or drain provided with a discharge valve 182. The flow rate may be varied as the physician determines, and rates of up to about 1000 cc/min. have been used effectively. Connected between the fluid discharge port 110 of the cystoscope 20 and the drain 180 in the discharge line 174 is a pressure limit control 184, a pressure gauge 186, and a valve 188.
Those skilled in the medical art involved will appreciate that the pressure regulators, gauges. and limit controls for the fluid pressure serve important safety and control functions and enable the physician to know at all times the precise conditions in the treatment system. The pressure limit controls 164 and 184 are automatic in operation and ensure that a pressure in excess of a predetermined, selectable value does not develop in the zone of treatment. The gauges 160 and 186 provide a constant visual indication of the actual pressure in the system, and the pressure regulator 154 and the control valves 156 and 188 impart desirable versatility to the apparatus.
Optionally, a filter 190 may be coupled into the pickup tube 146 so that fluid 140 transmitted through the input line from the reservoir 142 will be free of objectionable solids. In a-preferred operational technique, the flow rate through the input line or passage 56 to the operation zone 116 will be greater than the lineal flow rate in the return line 58. The greater cross sectional area of the return line will facilitate the removal of solids from the operational zone. It is also a feature of the operational techniques contemplated that the input fluid discharge port will be sufficiently close to the viewing lens 30 so that a constant flow of fluid will wash the surface of the lens and enhance viewing capabilities. An additional feature of the preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated is the incorporation of a second pump 194, located in the fluid discharge line 174 of the fluid pumping apparatus depicted in FIG. 5. The pump 194 is functionally synchronized, volumewise with the fluid input pump 124 so that there will be no pressure buildup in the treatment zone 116, and no tendency for collapse of the organ due to evacuation.
While several different mechanical arrangements have been described for the fluid input and the fluid exhaust lines in the endoscope of the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that still other mechanical variations are possible, including coaxial passages such as one tube wholely within the other to provide a system in which the input passes through a tube while the exhaust is discharged through an annular passage surrounding that tube.
While there have been described what are considered to be preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention, and it is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
vWhat is claimed is:
1. In an endoscope including conduit means insertable longitudinally into a restricted passage communicating with a body cavity for transmittal of a fluid stream through said passage and into and from a zone of treatment subjected to a surgical technique,
tissue treatment means including means for removing tissue from said zone.
optical means for viewing said zone,
6 means for illuminating said zone, flow rate synchronization means operable functionmeans for selectively manipulating said tissue treatn i a series fl h including a zone f treat. means carrying out Said Surglcal technique ment to synchronize said fluid impelling means pump means for driving fluid through said conduit means for said zone of treatment, thereby to estab- 5 lish a continuous fluid flow circuit for passage of fluid into and discharge of fluid from Said zone of son of fluid forced mto said zone of treatment, and treatment in an uninterrupted stream, and to obviate collapse of said body cavity as a result fluid impelling means distinct from said pump means of fluid evacuation therefromthe improvement comprising:
volume-wise with said pump means to preclude pressure buildup in said zone of treatment by rea-
1. In an endoscope including conduit means insertable longitudinally into a restricted passage communicating with a body cavity for transmittal of a fluid stream through said passage and into and from a zone of treatment subjected to a surgical technique, tissue treatment means including means for removing tissue from said zone, optical means for viewing said zone, means for illuminating said zone, means for selectively manipulating said tissue treatment means in carrying out said surgical technique, pump means for driving fluid through said conduit means for said zone of treatment, thereby to establish a continuous fluid flow circuit for passage of fluid into and discharge of fluid from said zone of treatment in an uninterrupted stream, and fluid impelling means distinct from said pump means the improvement comprising: flow rate synchronization means operable functionally in a series flow path including a zone of treatment to synchronize said fluid impelling means volume-wise with said pump means to preclude pressure buildup in said zone of treatment by reason of fluid forced into said zone of treatment, and to obviate collapse of said body cavity as a result of fluid evacuation therefrom..
|
github_open_source_100_1_583 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package socks
import (
"encoding/binary"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"math/rand"
"net"
"strconv"
onet "github.com/Shadowsocks-NET/outline-ss-server/net"
)
// SOCKS request commands as defined in RFC 1928 section 4.
const (
CmdConnect = 1
CmdBind = 2
CmdUDPAssociate = 3
)
// SOCKS address types as defined in RFC 1928 section 5.
const (
AtypIPv4 = 1
AtypDomainName = 3
AtypIPv6 = 4
)
// SOCKS errors as defined in RFC 1928 section 6.
const (
Succeeded = 0
ErrGeneralFailure = 1
ErrConnectionNotAllowed = 2
ErrNetworkUnreachable = 3
ErrHostUnreachable = 4
ErrConnectionRefused = 5
ErrTTLExpired = 6
ErrCommandNotSupported = 7
ErrAddressNotSupported = 8
)
const (
SocksAddressIPv4Length = 1 + net.IPv4len + 2
SocksAddressIPv6Length = 1 + net.IPv6len + 2
// MaxAddrLen is the maximum size of SOCKS address in bytes.
MaxAddrLen = 1 + 1 + 255 + 2
)
// Addr represents a SOCKS address as defined in RFC 1928 section 5.
type Addr []byte
// String serializes SOCKS address a to string form.
func (a Addr) String() string {
var host, port string
switch a[0] { // address type
case AtypDomainName:
host = string(a[2 : 2+int(a[1])])
port = strconv.Itoa((int(a[2+int(a[1])]) << 8) | int(a[2+int(a[1])+1]))
case AtypIPv4:
host = net.IP(a[1 : 1+net.IPv4len]).String()
port = strconv.Itoa((int(a[1+net.IPv4len]) << 8) | int(a[1+net.IPv4len+1]))
case AtypIPv6:
host = net.IP(a[1 : 1+net.IPv6len]).String()
port = strconv.Itoa((int(a[1+net.IPv6len]) << 8) | int(a[1+net.IPv6len+1]))
}
return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
}
func (a Addr) Addr(network string) (net.Addr, error) {
var ip net.IP
var port int
switch a[0] {
case AtypDomainName:
return onet.NewAddr(a.String(), network), nil
case AtypIPv4:
ip = net.IP(a[1 : 1+4])
port = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(a[1+4 : 1+4+2]))
case AtypIPv6:
ip = net.IP(a[1 : 1+16])
port = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(a[1+16 : 1+16+2]))
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown atyp %v", a[0])
}
switch network {
case "tcp", "tcp4", "tcp6":
return &net.TCPAddr{
IP: ip,
Port: port,
}, nil
case "udp", "udp4", "udp6":
return &net.UDPAddr{
IP: ip,
Port: port,
}, nil
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown network %s", network)
}
}
func (a Addr) UDPAddr(preferIPv6 bool) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
switch a[0] {
case AtypDomainName:
return resolveUDPAddr(a.String(), preferIPv6)
case AtypIPv4:
return &net.UDPAddr{
IP: net.IP(a[1 : 1+4]),
Port: int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(a[1+4 : 1+4+2])),
}, nil
case AtypIPv6:
return &net.UDPAddr{
IP: net.IP(a[1 : 1+16]),
Port: int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(a[1+16 : 1+16+2])),
}, nil
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown atyp %v", a[0])
}
}
// resolveUDPAddr resolves an address in domain:port format into *net.UDPAddr.
// ip:port is not supported.
func resolveUDPAddr(address string, preferIPv6 bool) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
if !preferIPv6 {
return net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", address)
}
// Although !preferIPv6 was short-circuited to use net.ResolveUDPAddr(),
// the following code is generic and takes preferIPv6 into account.
host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
portNum, err := net.LookupPort("udp", port)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ips, err := net.LookupIP(host)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// We can't actually do fallbacks here.
// If preferIPv6 is true, v6 -> primaries, v4 -> fallbacks.
// And vice versa.
// Then we select a random IP from primaries, or fallbacks if primaries is empty.
var primaries, fallbacks []net.IP
for _, ipc := range ips {
ip4 := ipc.To4()
switch {
case preferIPv6 && ip4 == nil || !preferIPv6 && ip4 != nil: // Prefer 6/4 and got 6/4
primaries = append(primaries, ipc)
case preferIPv6 && ip4 != nil || !preferIPv6 && ip4 == nil: // Prefer 6/4 and got 4/6
fallbacks = append(fallbacks, ipc)
}
}
var ip net.IP
switch {
case len(primaries) > 0:
ip = primaries[rand.Intn(len(primaries))]
case len(fallbacks) > 0:
ip = fallbacks[rand.Intn(len(fallbacks))]
default:
return nil, errors.New("lookup returned no addresses and no error")
}
return &net.UDPAddr{
IP: ip,
Port: portNum,
}, nil
}
// WriteAddr parses an address string into a socks address
// and writes to the destination slice.
//
// The destination slice must be big enough to hold the socks address.
// Otherwise, this function might panic.
func WriteAddr(dst []byte, s string) (n int, host string, port int, err error) {
host, portString, err := net.SplitHostPort(s)
if err != nil {
err = fmt.Errorf("failed to split host:port: %w", err)
return
}
if ip := net.ParseIP(host); ip != nil {
if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
dst[n] = AtypIPv4
n++
n += copy(dst[n:], ip4)
} else {
dst[n] = AtypIPv6
n++
n += copy(dst[n:], ip)
}
} else {
if len(host) > 255 {
err = fmt.Errorf("host is too long: %d, must not be greater than 255", len(host))
return
}
dst[n] = AtypDomainName
n++
dst[n] = byte(len(host))
n++
n += copy(dst[n:], host)
}
portnum, err := strconv.ParseUint(portString, 10, 16)
if err != nil {
err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse port string: %w", err)
return
}
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(dst[n:], uint16(portnum))
n += 2
port = int(portnum)
return
}
// WriteUDPAddrAsSocksAddr converts a UDP address
// into socks address and writes to the buffer.
//
// No buffer length checks are performed.
// Make sure the buffer can hold the socks address.
func WriteUDPAddrAsSocksAddr(b []byte, addr *net.UDPAddr) (n int) {
n = 1
if ip4 := addr.IP.To4(); ip4 != nil {
b[0] = AtypIPv4
n += copy(b[n:], ip4)
} else {
b[0] = AtypIPv6
n += copy(b[n:], addr.IP)
}
binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b[n:], uint16(addr.Port))
n += 2
return
}
// ParseAddr parses an address string into a socks address.
//
// To avoid allocation, use WriteAddr instead.
func ParseAddr(s string) (Addr, error) {
dst := make([]byte, MaxAddrLen)
n, _, _, err := WriteAddr(dst, s)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return dst[:n], nil
}
// ReadAddr reads just enough bytes from r to get a valid Addr.
//
// The destination slice must be big enough to hold the socks address.
// Otherwise, this function might panic.
func ReadAddr(dst []byte, r io.Reader) (n int, err error) {
n, err = io.ReadFull(r, dst[:1]) // read 1st byte for address type
if err != nil {
return
}
switch dst[0] {
case AtypDomainName:
_, err = io.ReadFull(r, dst[1:2]) // read 2nd byte for domain length
if err != nil {
return
}
domainLen := int(dst[1])
n += 1 + domainLen + 2
_, err = io.ReadFull(r, dst[2:n])
return
case AtypIPv4:
n += net.IPv4len + 2
_, err = io.ReadFull(r, dst[1:n])
return
case AtypIPv6:
n += net.IPv6len + 2
_, err = io.ReadFull(r, dst[1:n])
return
}
err = fmt.Errorf("unknown atyp %v", dst[0])
return
}
// AddrFromReader allocates and reads a socks address from an io.Reader.
//
// To avoid allocation, use ReadAddr instead.
func AddrFromReader(r io.Reader) (Addr, error) {
dst := make([]byte, MaxAddrLen)
n, err := ReadAddr(dst, r)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return dst[:n], nil
}
// SplitAddr slices a SOCKS address from beginning of b. Returns nil if failed.
func SplitAddr(b []byte) (Addr, error) {
addrLen := 1
if len(b) < addrLen {
return nil, io.ErrShortBuffer
}
switch b[0] {
case AtypDomainName:
if len(b) < 2 {
return nil, io.ErrShortBuffer
}
addrLen = 1 + 1 + int(b[1]) + 2
case AtypIPv4:
addrLen = SocksAddressIPv4Length
case AtypIPv6:
addrLen = SocksAddressIPv6Length
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown atyp %v", b[0])
}
if len(b) < addrLen {
return nil, io.ErrShortBuffer
}
return b[:addrLen], nil
}
|
4985ea265a9e89657d1394791849c5cd_1 | French Open Data | Various open data | COUR D'APPEL DE VERSAILLES 12ème chambre section 2 F.L./P.G. ARRET Nä contradictoire DU 19 FEVRIER 2004 R.G. Nä 03/02011 AFFAIRE : S.A.R.L. ZVO C/ SAS CSF exerçant sous l'enseigne HYPERMARCHE CHAMPION Décision déférée à la cour : ordonnance de référé rendue le 06 Mars 2003 par le Tribunal de Commerce de NANTERRE RG nä : 2003R00350 Expéditions exécutoires Expéditions délivrées le : à : représentée par Me Jean-Pierre X... représentée par Me Jean-Michel TREYNET E.D. REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE AU NOM DU PEUPLE FRANCAIS LE DIX NEUF FEVRIER DEUX MILLE QUATRE, La cour d'appel de VERSAILLES, a rendu l'arrêt suivant dans l'affaire entre : APPELANTE S.A.R.L. ZVO ..., agissant en la personne de ses représentants légaux domiciliés en cette qualité audit siège. représentée par Me Jean-Pierre BINOCHE, avoué. ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** INTIMEE SAS CSF exerçant sous l'enseigne HYPERMARCHE CHAMPION Avenue de la Résistance, ..., dont le siège social est ..., prise en la personne de ses représentants légaux domiciliés en cette qualité audit siège. représentée par Me Jean-Michel TREYNET, avoué. assistée de Maître Julie Z... substituant Me Jacques Y..., avocat au barreau de PARIS (R.022). ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Composition de la cour : En application des dispositions de l'article 786 du nouveau code de procédure civile, l'affaire a été débattue à l'audience publique du 08 Janvier 2004 les avocats des parties ne s'y étant pas opposés, devant Madame Françoise LAPORTE, Président chargé du rapport. Ce magistrat a rendu compte des plaidoiries dans le délibéré de la cour, composé de : Madame Françoise LAPORTE, Président, Monsieur Jean-François FEDOU, conseiller, Monsieur Denis COUPIN, conseiller, Greffier, lors des débats : Mme Marie-Thérèse GENISSEL, FAITS ET PROCEDURE : 5 La SAS CSF exploite un supermarché à prédominance alimentaire sous
l'enseigne CHAMPION au A... Robinson qui comporte un terminal de cuisson et propose à la vente des produits panifiés frais et emballés. La SARL ZVO qui a un commerce de boulangerie dans la même ville a assigné la société CSF devant le juge des référés du Tribunal de Commerce de NANTERRE pour obtenir la fermeture de la vente de pain au public un jour par semaine, sous astreinte, conformément à un arrêté préfectoral du 11 septembre 1996. Par ordonnance rendue le 06 mars 2003, ce magistrat a dit n'y avoir lieu à référé et condamné la demanderesse à verser à la défenderesse une indemnité de 2.000 euros en vertu de l'article 700 du Nouveau Code de Procédure Civile ainsi qu'aux dépens. Appelante de cette décision, la société ZVO se prévaut de l'article 1 de l'arrêté préfectoral du 11 septembre 1996 qui selon elle s'applique à tous les commerces qui vendent du pain. Elle fait valoir qu'en toute hypothèse, l'inobservation de dispositions légales et règlementaires constitue un trouble illicite et qu'il en résulte à son détriment un préjudice commercial important. Elle demande donc à la Cour d'ordonner à la société CSF la fermeture hebdomadaire de la vente du pain sous astreinte de 10.000 euros par semaine ainsi que de lui accorder une indemnité de 1.000 euros au titre de l'article 700 du Nouveau Code de Procédure Civile. La société CSF invoque l'inapplicabilité de l'arrêté préfectoral du 11 septembre 1996 à son magasin à commerces multiples en l'absence de surcroît d'un accord syndical préalable à la prise de l'arrêté en faisant état d'une jurisprudence abondante pour alléguer l'existence d'une contestation sérieuse. Elle objecte qu'à supposer l'arrêté opposable à la profession des commerces multiples, il serait alors illégal pour excès de pouvoir du préfet. Elle invoque l'absence de trouble manifestement illicite dès lors que la légalité de l'arrêté est en cause, que la société ZVO ne représente pas les salariés des commerces d'alimentation et que celle-ci a pris l'initiative d'ouvrir
son commerce 7 jours sur 7 sans tenir compte dudit arrêté. Elle conclut à la confirmation intégrale de l'ordonnance déféré sauf à y ajouter une indemnité de 3.000 euros sur le fondement de l'article 700 du Nouveau Code de Procédure Civile. MOTIFS DE LA DECISION :
Considérant que la société ZVO fonde son action tendant à la fermeture sous astreinte du supermarché de la société CSF un jour par semaine sur un arrêté du Préfet des Hauts de Seine, en date du 11 septembre 1996, stipulant en son article 1 les dispositions suivantes : "DANS L'ENSEMBLE DES COMMUNES DU DEPARTEMENT DES HAUTS DE SEINE, TOUS LES ETABLISSEMENTS, PARTIES D'ETABLISSEMENTS, DEPOTS, FABRICANTS ARTISANAUX OU INDUSTRIELS, FIXES OU AMBULANTS DANS LESQUELS S'EFFECTUE A TITRE PRINCIPAL OU ACCESSOIRE LA VENTE AU DETAIL OU LA DISTRIBUTION DU PAIN, QU'IL S'AGISSE DE PAIN COURANT OU DE PAIN SPECIAL, EMBALLE OU NON, TELS QUE NOTAMMENT : - BOULANGERIE, - BOULANGERIE-PATISSERIE, - COOPERATIVE DE BOULANGERIE, - BOULANGERIE INDUSTRIELLE, - TERMINAUX DE CUISSON, QU'ELLE QUE SOIT LEUR APPELLATION - POINT CHAUD, VIENNOISERIES ETC.... - DEPOTS ET POINTS DE VENTE DE PAIN (SOUS QUELLE QUE FORME QUE CE SOIT Y COMPRIS LES STATIONS SERVICES), - RAYON DE VENTE DE PAIN, SONT FERMES AU PUBLIC UN JOUR PAR SEMAINE". Considérant que cet arrêté préfectoral pris sur le fondement de l'article L 221-17 du Code du Travail homologue un accord intervenu, le 16 février 1996, entre le syndicat patronal de la boulangerie et de la boulangerie-patisserie de Paris, Hauts de Seine, Seine Saint Denis et Val de Marne d'une part et les représentants syndicaux CGT, CFDT, CFTC et CGC des personnels salariés de cette profession ; considérant toutefois, que l'activité exercée par la société CSF n'appartient pas à la catégorie des commerces visés à l'article 1 de cet arrêté mais à celle des magasins à commerces multiples, lesquels forment une entité indissociable, quels que soient les produits qu'ils mettent en vente ; considérant
que l'applicabilité en l'espèce de l'article L 121-17 du Code du Travail est donc sujet à interrogation et qu'à supposer résolue cette question, ce texte impose la réalité d'un accord préalable à la prise de l'arrêté conclu par les syndicats des professionnels concernés dans le département à titre principal ou accessoire et dont l'établissement est susceptible d'être fermé ; or, considérant qu'en l'occurrence, en ce qui concerne les organisations patronales signataires de l'accord, figure exclusivement le syndicat patronal de la boulangerie et de la boulangerie-patisserie de Paris, Hauts de Seine, Seine Saint Denis et Val de Marne qui ne saurait représenter les intérêts des magasins à commerces multiples, puisque l'appellation "boulanger" est réservée aux seuls commerçants qui fabriquent, pétrissent, façonnent et cuisent dans le même lieu la pâte destinée au pain et à la viennoiserie ; considérant, par conséquent, qu'il existe en la cause une contestation sérieuse sur l'opposabilité de l'arrêté du 11 septembre 1996 à la société CSF dont l'appréciation relève des seuls pouvoirs du juge du fond ; considérant que la société ZVO ne peut davantage soutenir qu'en ne respectant pas cet arrêté, la société CSF créérait un trouble manifestement illicite ; considérant, en effet, qu'il apparaît que l'arrêté préfectoral de fermeture litigieux a pour objet tous les établissements pratiquant le commerce de la vente du pain, même à titre accessoire, alors que l'accord n'est intervenu qu'entre les organisations représentant la profession de boulangerie et de boulangerie-patisserie ; qu'il suit de là que la contestation émise sur sa légalité par la société CSF est sérieuse et que par voie de conséquence, l'existence d'un trouble manifestement illicite n'est pas caractérisé ; considérant que l'ordonnance déférée doit dès lors être confirmée ; considérant que l'équité commande d'accorder à la société intimée une indemnité supplémentaire de 2.500 euros au titre
de l'article 700 du Nouveau Code de Procédure Civile ; considérant que la société ZVO qui succombe en son appel, supportera les dépens. |
8793584_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Lanfains (bretonisch: Lanfeun) ist eine französische Gemeinde mit Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Côtes-d’Armor in der Region Bretagne. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Saint-Brieuc und zum Kanton Plélo.
Geographie
Umgeben wird Lanfains von der Gemeinde Quintin im Norden, von Plœuc-L’Hermitage mit L’Hermitage-Lorge im Südosten, von Saint-Martin-des-Prés im Süden und von Le Vieux-Bourg im Nordwesten. Lanfains ist eine der am höchsten liegenden Gemeinden in der Bretagne.
Bevölkerungsentwicklung
Literatur
Le Patrimoine des Communes des Côtes-d’Armor. Flohic Editions, Band 2, Paris 1998, ISBN 2-84234-017-5, S. 941–944.
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Ort in der Bretagne
Gemeindegründung 1790.
|
github_open_source_100_1_584 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import { Icon } from '@/components/icon'
Icon.register({
'code-branch': {
width: 384,
height: 512,
paths: [
{
d:
'M384 144c0 35.2-22.8 65.1-54.4 75.9-0.5 28.1-7.6 50.5-21.6 67.9-28.2 35-76 39.5-118.2 43.4-25.7 2.4-49.9 4.6-66.1 12.8-7.1 3.6-11.8 8.2-14.9 13.4 30 11.5 51.2 40.6 51.2 74.6 0 44.2-35.8 80-80 80s-80-35.8-80-80c0-35.8 23.5-66.1 56-76.4v-199.3c-32.5-10.2-56-40.5-56-76.3 0-44.2 35.8-80 80-80s80 35.8 80 80c0 35.8-23.5 66.1-56 76.3v144c23.9-11.5 53.1-14.3 81.3-16.9 35.9-3.3 69.8-6.5 85.2-25.7 6.8-8.4 10.4-20.8 11-36.9-33.2-9.7-57.5-40.4-57.5-76.8 0-44.2 35.8-80 80-80s80 35.8 80 80zM80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16s7.2 16 16 16 16-7.2 16-16-7.2-16-16-16zM80 448c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16s-7.2-16-16-16-16 7.2-16 16 7.2 16 16 16zM304 128c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16s7.2 16 16 16 16-7.2 16-16-7.2-16-16-16z'
}
]
}
})
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bub_gb_lib6xxvosXMC_12 | Latin-PD | Public Domain | faltem cogitandum eft , aliam in illo effe cauflam a pri- mo Motore ; qux iotclligcntia primum conuertat or- bem*» OmmiV Antbtrii. Cap.TI. 1« ijf ridetur princeps ciufft mouerc , vt filii intcl- - le&us sputus, amatus : corpus autem coelefte primum nobile agitatur ia orbem ab ipfo primo principio tan- Non n finJt Suam intclIedo,anaato,* defiderato : ccetcrique orbes tandm , ic4 tntur i primo mobili,quod mioqutmioo i primo mo lore circunfcrtur. Verum nonnulla obftant,fuadeatquc non vc finem tantum nec rt efficientia cantum cw*r fam prinum motorem mouerc, icd vtriufq; cat duc mu* nus obire. Quocirca hoc iupcrcftia prxfcnti eaodio- dunu. prtmm moter ntcvt finii tantum, ntcvtif* ficum tantum /id vtriufq; caujju mu» nta obit, Caf. JI. EX fuperibs enarratis itm apertum eft, primum mo-. torem fummura efle bonum , fuaque natura maxi- tVr panfi- mc inteiligibile,roaximc4i amabile , optabile : quia pu- *n» »a«. riffimus c5 adus, * omnium optimus immd ipfa met bo £u”e?*i£ nitas . hac de caufla aflerendum cft,efle finem, cuius gra & «putete, lia, ad quem eunda diriguntur, ac rediguntur. prim0J Qu6d rei6 fit ciuifa efficiens , & ita moueai , clariffi- ror lQtcue. mum quoque eft : nam finis, qui intelligitur ,mouet in- telligentem non Tt finis, (ed vti efficiens i quam rem re- effic,caf' £c docuit Auerroes com. 3 d.iib. 1 a. metiphyficar i bal- Baincficitra ‘ neum, inquit, extra mentem mouet rt finis; balneum io meB e* mente mouet, vt efficiens . Et Galenus hanc motionem JJ w ** compluribus in locis exprimit : fpeties animo concepta u« , v: dB- mouct fpiritus, hi moucnt neruos,nerui mouent mulcu- ^"**ealio los,mu(culi ccndoncs>bi ligamenta , hxcotfa ; deinceps motus k>ca- mouentur membra,* totum.Vtor exemplo manifcfto in < npimaliu motu .Quo tfitpadoabiund* mfcesmoucat i& t*uu>. Kk a orbes» r Latini Tancrt di DiJputVl.% &'.> •• ** , - jrrii . *- orbrs , alibi eft explicatum . Itaq;. prima, cauffa maxime intelJigibilis, & appetibilis in appetente mouet , vt eft*. ciens. Quocirca non folum eft linis, fed etiam motus ef- ficiens. Ad haec o&iuo dc phyfico auditu agitur deprimi motore qua efficiens efticum docet , quicquid moyetur» ab aliquo moueri nedetutin infinirum.abitio; deue? oiendum eft ad vnum primum inter mobilia,quod a moueatur ; quod quidem conflet ex corpore mobili , & mouente immobili : alioquin fi mouens effet mobile^ * quaereretur rurfus a quonam moueretur ? * Infuper primu oaoues mouere vt efficien$,ex 7. phyf» smbitishaad tex.7 j.intelligitur; vbi habetur motorem iramobildrn^ perrioet ad ad phyficum haud quaquam pertinere pby ficus eqjra a SySTi niotu non ibiqu/e deficiente. caufla fermo ha- ; motu non fc betur. Farat‘ Rurfus primo de ortu,& interitu tex*i4.appullat cauf- *• ▼ ’ fam efficientem , & conleruantem aeternam genc,rario- nem primum mobjle per omne tempus; dcqft caufla cfifi- ciens morus etiam,8c non finis tantum..., , trarterea pjrima cau.Ta eftjpfum bonum;& boni eft fc • ^ommun>care : communicare amem, efficere eft>& ope- prodJK Uer rati, Ergo efficiens caufla eft,quae produxit>feruatque^ orqjofwiij. omnia. Atque vt dichim eft, quarenus a fubftantijs alijs * , lep4ratis intcUiyitur,Cfe appetitur efficiens eft teamque - _ fimili motu orbes,maucntes,imitantur,fed verius vt nos catholici dicimus Deum eife caudam efficientem quia in principio cx nihilo cun&a creauic, & mox producit, cpnferuat. Sed haec difeepeatio limites nobis conftitutos egredi- turiidcirc ) vela cotrahamus;& qua ratione prirnps mo tor primum mobiie in orbem moueat, inquiramus jnam- que non eft omnium io hac re confenfus. , 4 ' Quo irpMlii 4?. % S Ot Qutnig. \ntifnrijt~Gy.fIl. l6f Q»o p«clo primus motor motu diurno pVL mum mcbtlt catuter tat ^ Cvp i I/. „ ***** £ c°™»i>rijno fentrutiarum diflina.8.q.5, & in - w «A. O quol. & Cardini Caetan. ,n d.fputarionedc^ **■?' COnu5niW*f i» primo mobili tria h« e«c,pnma primam cauffam.Dciun fcilicer.deinde intci- Jigc nriam.tcr'10 orbemiin aJijs »eid cjlis eSTe dumtaxat 'V'”0”'' sHSsw orb Ra,,° iute“>‘i“a " a*ws Jdduaifuot, mptimo mobili c?lo,pratter *»««*>“'• gK“* ^^“t-^ndefleptoptiam immediatbmo- nu L • i- .^nnnr*® cx AriftoteJis do&rina apparet »ftm rnfi.iit* e(Tc vututis.:. quod cum ka fit „on Ui detur proj(ipi4 pofle moucrc,& immediate primum mol Wera trmpore definitoifed.cum moueat indefinito tero PriT.au » pore vigmti quaruorbcrarumfpatiorfequkur vtmn 1bilcab‘ntc* ftftucnfi fit finita. viirfi]itumquerobu?nr^fn tdpn.ln j . utiuc roDur P!^0 illo motU aDromout* ‘ *' Acproinde inceJIigentia propria finita virtute «•qui*®0!; pr*dira,flatuends cfija qua celum iJloH r.r a v rtute , u <* aJioanin ffl* 2 c$JUm illud circunducatur: in ccfnpwc,. Et ScJ «?SrrfiT,D teraP°«^omento.. nc ^ elicit hoc fundamentum in fentima fll!* frtone quolibetica ex contextu y^&phyf. vbi traditur* woucrtem immenft vi pradirumhaudi^cd jf^' qut^moUcfc^at vc^ crnR°^:tCCrtUID^^1^1^™ ' TT moucret. at vero primus motus certo ia temDore edZ ?^U^n°n)I,e',Ut>“cdiit«b infinita vir, u’te Sfc&*! ,b mtdligentta peculiari drcara.ilj, c*io ro! / ’ Eandem quoque fententiam approbat D Thnm** cum fuisiaiuotque , iJJos duos motores primo mobili at * tributos, dicacofq; effcatiaUordiaeordmarii inqueeffi- cieatis j itt LitiniT dncrtM- DUJmtVl. dentis cauti* genere contiqeri, priorem , i quo ille W& fJt^monu tus kibec atternitatcat , alterum motum cfle ab intcfll*» «mtiitu.ab getia immediati mouenteii qua motus forricur,rt pro* cedat in tempore finito, & determinata celeritate, a bocm ec Hoc fundamentum pro inuehenda propria intelligfi* lofcu* tia ad primum mobile immediati moucndum; quia pri- mius motor immenCe virtutis non potiet mouere in icm* pore determinato. Sed in non tempore , ideft in inflanti' & momento,non ridetur mihi firmum t fupponit enim-* primam cautiam agens neceffarium , & naturale i quod quidem agat pro viribus, quantum poteft. Verum primus motor cautia eft Iibera;qu* poteft in» Sitcft incea tcnderc,&: remittere, atq; moarficlre fuo arbitratu mo- re medifi» tum.ficuti enim nos in a&ione noftra liberi celerius, tar* cuc mmm aiobiUa , rti placet, monemus ; ita primo motori multo reriorc, przftaotiorc^; modo licet incendere mo^ bilis motum. Coeterum politio Hia afferens, motorem primum ctife cautiam efficientem aliorum orbium motuum , i Scoto hunc in modum intelligitur in quinta qucftione o&auc leoo* cspcfl diftin.primi fent.& io quxft.8*quolibetica, veram effert tio. quatenus ipfc immediate omnes iotelligemias prodo* xicdicut elementa cealcncur k nonnullis moueri i gene* rante,a quo genita fuot,fic orbes , de intelligentix k pri- ori leknfta bu caulfa mouentur . Addic & aliam interpreta tionca» A getcrtnte Deum mouere immediate illas intelligentiasiquoniam Sumptntit vt diximus, mouet,vt amatum, & defideratum , in-* , apriflucaai quantum mouct rt obie&um,& finis; quatenus ver6 cft in animis, & mentibus imdligentibus , Sc appecenribut illi in motu diurno affimilari^nouct rt efficiens: ficuti fu pra etiam aduertimus. — - ' Atque hxc do&r ina animum meum fatis tranquillat: quidoquidcm (latuit, pomum motorem, vti veritas cft» • '*** immea- r< rc ■ 'jy • i C4f.IV- i<7 'dr™k.Auveroh*cfoerit Ariflotclis Tcnccn Oa.dilputatur » nobis 8. Iib.de phy f. audit, tcx. 7 S. 5: 7 9. Vtrum autem fummus motor proxime, &.iirtr.cdiati conuertac luminum mobile fine vlia intercedente intel Ijgentu ,tam iampamcis expediam : tametfi complures prairiibfttl» ? cfie neceftariam ob cau(Taai,qua m, vc par- eft.ipri** 111 momenti^on plurimi fecimus. Probabile tamen e(h primum mobilea primo motore,ideft a prima intelligcn 2?<>rimJa tia,qu* Deus eft*ex Anftotclc , immediate moueri fine T%[e vlla aiiacauflfa intercurrente >qux motum diurnum ef- nciat » ProMilt efltfrimum mobilt fin, vl* CAuff» efficiente medi 4 d primo motore mem~ • * > ri ex&dnftotetu fent entis. Csp. ]V. *y\ .U-.V* ) moueri primum mobile^ « .* • f SVpra vifum eft probabile, i .abinteiligencia propria ; non tamen illud fieri fine ru! aquiderm m,nifcftual eft, nulla» creWd- Mm abfqihoc c^urfuopttaripolfe.Sed queritur nOc & Ariftotelis fententia ,an totos ille motus i Deo vt 1 * £ndeaf** r“' C4ufli feeui>d« dimaner. Aliqui putarunt, fumma cauffam dedecere motu cie. re primum c?lum mobile , n fuit Abulenlis in a j. cap Eaodi qua-ft. j. Ratio, quia motus ctt quid imperfctbjm' ^rPcprt- *»•*-*»* W3 3S8& teX.78. Opinio At« Icnni Df »jq di j eri n an nniorj j— Priau ccrJan , t ,-jfl * LAtiniT ancrtdi DifputV?; T~ ' * _ ttex.7%. Noq moucret autem certo» & determinato in_i Pvit onrs. jcm pore primum mubile, vr patet in mota diurno. confutata Vei um haec Gpinio confutatur a P. Thoma prima par Afcuifn/it i re q»a?ft.i o 5.art. a.aflefvmte,fummara caufljm potfe «f- n. i /ion». fjcere cun$3 iffc&a,quae k fecundis cauffis innouaotur : continet enim prxftamiore , etHcaciore^ue modo vi- * V ' • •«* r - res -*»V» t. - > • i ’ K •»t> v» j ■> * , RcfpMn ai Ab?!wfem. Iafupcr in ipfo eft abfque fecundis cauffis produceite formas in matetiim: poteft igitur mouere,hofqite appa- ratius in fubic&um inducere» • Ad haec primo cap.genefeos prima ctufla immediati mouit iqoas, eafq; in vnum locum reduxit. Refponde- tijr ad A^uienfera . V- 1 Ad primrim argumehtum, etfi motus eft quid imper- fe&irm ad alia > eft tamen perferum in-fiio genere i cum obtineat peredam naturam motui concernentem . Nec tepugnar, cum fit agens liberum edicere imperfe&a en- tia comparatione aliorum. Su it tamen perfedta ratio- ne fua» naturae, & elfentiae , iuxra illud : Et vidit cun&u* quae fecerat, deerant Valde bona. Ediam produxit materiam primam, quae eft prope nihil vilis fortis , & in- fimae : non tamen denegatur ei fha entis perfe&o .’ Ad alteram rationem fuperius refpondimus : Arillotelcm , etiam dixiffe, fi virtus infinita eflet in magnitudi- * . se, ederet quidem motum , nonin tempore* fed momento; ageret enim quantum-* : [, t ‘ poffet.Sed, quia agens eft liberum, ‘ “ moueretur fui s asionibus , pro rerum natura, & vfu, & modum ad- * iungit rebus, ' ' * calq;modi- - •1 icat. A» 4' au, DtOmnig.Antipmf:. CnpV^ i<?f An primus orbis mobilis proximi conutrtd* tur sx Anftotili a primo motori t nn intercedit alin inteSigintid, Cap . V. x i ' U •! «I . * 1 "v* ~ * «te I- 3 ■TV« FVit propofitum , oum primum mobile mouearur immediare a primo motore;an verd opus fit aliquo alio motore intermedio, vt placuit Scoto , & Cardinali Caierano: de qua re muira diximus fupra;oftendimufq» illorum fundamentum non effe facis firmum .Nunc dif- qnirendnm , an in dogmate ariftoteiico moneatur pri- muna mobile certius i prima cauda : an illius politioni aptetur illa inteiligentia immediate tnouens. Peripateticorum illuftrium verifimilioreft opinio, pti mum coelum a primo motore proxime m orbem moue« t #nrum ren ri,quam,ab illa inteiligentia media inccruenientc,vt ahj te«»* V". . i _ ° urrtt pntr.u arbitrati lunt. * rcriumpro. w Sic 0.1 hornas duodecimo metapb. ad tex. $6. fic ume a pn- Simplicius,& Alexander 8.phyl. Thomiftar fere omnes, mo mecore« & aiij ccnfent, primum mobile ex Aridcrelis decrero i Deo fine v lio medio in gyrum conuerti.Sunt mulca,qu* hanc thefin luadent. . Primum progredus philofophi in libro 8.phyf.mqui- rir enim primum mouentem , k quo immediard primus orbis moueatur i quoniam primo orbi fupreoo primum motorem afsignat , deuti alijs orbibus mobilibus Tuas cci tas intelligentias (notrices attribuit. Irnmo mentium abfta&arum numerum ex orbium numero venatur. Ct quia odo nouit coelos Ariftoteles, primum mobile» o&aua fphoera nuncupatur^ feptem planetas; propte- ... . J* • 8 x v'» 170 Ldtini T anendi Dijput Vh rea 12.metaph.tex.43.ofto confiituit dTe motores» fiue intelligentias. Licet in eo loco Ariftotelcs fccu n pu* i«a pugna* gnefjimrAcmorenim fuit eorum, quar docuerat primo Ii* io num ro L>t O de coelo, contextu 100. vbi pr^rcr intelligentias or- abttradtoru. kjum motriics, affirmat, extra fupremum coelum , fuun» c(7e entia ioalterabilia ,impartibilia optimam vitam ha* Ariftotelcs benri?,& per fe lufficientilTml, & perfeuerare toto xuo. rcri i tus af Hjlc autem entia hifce dotibus prxdica, optimam vitam viuentu,in quo rerum genere reponenda funt?Prote&d tupn cceifi. diuina funt numina, feruodx mentes i materia , &c veri- tate coa&us Ariftoreles,& colicus affl itus hoc cnuncia* uit , Millia enim millium miniftrant primo enti . hrgo multo plures funt, quam o&o intelligentix. Placet Phi- lofophi veibaeLgmtilftma grxea adducere • TtfHfXrti dicftXKTM OTI tteNflV hTW^ITW FCOfiet» Qctti^iY afietyOTt «r» ro' tb{ , hV* %foH( iVw Jiovrtp ,«r«- i» rive} Taxei ?ri$v)6fr,drf ivrxzruei* yttpdrxtv itfi- fir uettfjud fjUTo/Sa^et rcSy Cwtf> rlu> f£o»rctT»f rtrayfit- Mr yapdy *AA’ dyaWii&reu xj aara9«' xj d^gur t^yrate***, »eu duTa^xiTTarlu/ ef aartAn roV airaurai ateivx , &C. ■ :v Iraque phi:olophus ex motu prima fph^rx primum-. iboc ji em adinuenic fempiternum,ac immotum omnino* Ad hxc 8.phyf. t.84-docuit , illum motorem primum ia perpheiia/eu circunferccia fui primi c$!i infidere: quia ibi celerior efi motus , quam alia in c$li parte . Infuper idem Auflor ait cleros orbes in gyrum cieri ; vt xmu- lemur,& imitentur intclligenti; moucntes primum mo toremicui fimiles tanquaro amato , & defiderato appe- tunt fieri in motione . Ergo prima cauda moucns , qu* Ariftotelinon diftinguitur a Deo, immediate nrimuuu mobile mouet.Prxterea cotonum efi tribui pi mx <-auf- lx quicquid pcrfe&ionem denotar : ied petfetfco in ef- kuua,potcnti*,& aftionc repofiuefi» moucrc autem-» P“f«: $ * * U Anttptrift? CttfVn tfi - pernionem haud minuet, cum primae caudae efientia^ a&io fit. Debet igitur perpetuo conuertere.Nec pueao» dum cft, motum imperfc<ftionem,aut dcfe&um in primo motore conaotare; quiain agente perfe&ionctn, & di- gnitatem , in patiente imperfectionem fignifcac cum_i dicat iraQif idefi perpeffionem in eo. Addo his, primu.n mouens produxifie, conferuareque omnia : idcirco pro- ducit etiam motum primum, per quem cunCtis rebus im- pertitur efle,his quidem clarius, his vero obfcurius,eaf- que feruat ex Ariftotelis etiam lentenda. Neque alfe- * rendum eft, mouere ranrum primam caufTim mo.u me- taphorico, nempe vc finem amitum, & optatum , vt tra- ditur 11. de prima fapientiat. 1 8. etenim quod in hunc ^ modum nouer , mouet quoq; vt efficiens, qui tenus ap- petibile , & intelligibile in intelligente , Se apprtente»-# pro viribus elt conceptum. Mouet vero vc finis , vt per* penditur extra , quemadmodum exemplo Auerrois de balneo fuperius ex la.metadhyf. cora. 3 5. diCtum eft .i “balneum in mente mouet vt efficiens , vt obieftum im- motum ; balneum extra mentem mouet vt finis ; Se cft ' ‘ metaphoricus motus per tranfl itionem . In furam i,cra> hic fua quemq; voluptas . > Perfpicuum fa&um eft ex Ariftotelico dogm ice, pri- mum motorem proximi primum mobileconuertere; 3c ceteras mentes , fiue intelligencias fuos orbes fingulas finguloscircunducert: dum fequuntur imitantes prit mum motorem: a tqrmduent -ab orta ad occafura,inde- mouet que iterum ad fuos c^Io* reducuoc ad orientem, fequert tes diurnum primi mobilis dbtutn . iL motores Dubium 'eft , dura fuperae mentes i materia abiun- IjSujffi &x fuos orbes vertunt in orb^m , q ia vi illos cieant, mum mobile intcllc^umue, an voluntacejan facultate quapiam mo- lb fg» * " *• *>»■ ■ ^i> III ti. u^i|^ « OfCt v »7* Ldtim TtmertJi. DfiutVt. trice £ voluntate, & iatellcdu diftin&a . Ia hac re fune ' i, -UircordesphiioTophij&alij. /x • r • i" r V - , ' ** * 4 . . ' • JnteDigentia mouentne fuos orbes matrice fa* cultot e , an tnnQcttu , et voluntate tantum- Qaf VL Plccolomfneus fecucus lib. de c$ lorum motoribus cap.i7.Auerrocm ii.meraphyf.com 36.. affirmat, leri 'olb™0 Intel ligentias mouere c$los intelledu , de voluiuace— * j non mocrice ncc ede opus tertia facultate ab illis duabus differente. fc«a«c£f Auerroes quoque io eodem propofico perfidi t praeter locum 36.cieatumincomm.j7.dc4t. de primo de c;lo 9o.ait> non ede incilo alias animae facultates , quim_» ? mentem, de voluntatem . In eandem feaeentiam,iuerunc Durandus in a. diftin-7.q. 5. Soncioas 1 a. mecaphy . q. j j.atq. ali) nonnulli.fundamentum cft, quia qua: in in- ferioribus multiplicantur, io fuperioribus reducuntur ad vnum , vt multae linea: ad centrum ; fic quinque fenfus externi coeunt in vnum (colum communem: de quae co- gnita funt per fenfus interiores, iunguntur in intelle&u; ita etiam intclle&us noder, quae multis adibus percipit, mens k materia feparata voico adu cognofcit fimplici. Praeterea obirdum appetitus concupifci bilis, 8e irafcibi- lis conueniunt in vnum voluptatis noftrae obi edum. Oania ex V nde Gaicous 6. de placitis cap. primo adducit Pia- 8S&& *•"“ « Hyppoctate.dfiaptam. Omnia ca MJca rrcoi voo ire in multitudinem. Multa recolligi tn fpeciem vm- *•*? ,n tatis.Ex his lumicur ratio, facultas nodra motrix orga- ‘ r" ‘ ‘ nica didinguicur a noftra mente, ac voluntate i in ange* * - hs igitur ob prxlUnciorem naturam non diltmguccur K A?-59 t ifjBUtucns 4*irib#a tatdJigcadi, de aouendi. * * : Deinde 'H Torellcflos rofcit, vol.a tat e acqui- rar. Deincepi fc- uitor c fic* um. « Ba r conio s ' prxter men- tem, & vo!S latrro, addic ter.iam vim ■notricem. Hrnrirus, & Oicraitu» in . D* Omnig. kntiptrift. CdpVt- V73 ( Deinde non funt entia fine ncce/firate multiplican- da : atqui fola mens, ac voluntas fatis funt ad orbes ind- uendos , aliati munia exequenda : quoniam intelleAps nolcir, praecipit : voluntas cxcquitur, deinceps fequitur efft Aum . Quapropter requiritur fruftra vix moeri*. Hanc opinionem multi patroni patrocinati funt. Verum non defunt, qui tueantur non infirmis ratio- nibus oppofitam fententiam . In hoc numero eft Bacco- nius in s.fenr.diftin. « 7.vbi ait, inteliigentias conuerte- te coeliftes fphoeras tertia facultate motricc,przrer in- tcllt Aum,& voluntatem, quibus pollent: ita leniit Hen- ricus Gandauenfis in quolibet decimo tertio , q.6. ita_* aflerit Caietanus Cardinalis prima parte furnmz q. 54. art. 5 . Et pono vnu velle, & inrelligere funt a Aiones di- « demo^? uerfac ergo a diucrfis proficifcuntur facultatibus a vo- niootfum. lunrarc lcilicet,& intcllr Au: quoniam ab aAiooibus du- cimur in potentiarum notitiam > vc Ariftotelcs fecundo m«xica*ja* de anima tex.3 3. docuit. Inde confurgit argumentum topicum a minore ad maius aflfirmatiui, fi intclligerc,& velle diftinAas arguunt facultates intellcAum nempe, voluntatem, cum fint ambar aAioncs immanentes} mul- to magis ville» & roouere arguent diuerfas facultates, fequitur igitur, mouere non proficifci a mente volunca- teue,fed a facultate motricc,& confii marur:quia volun- tas,& mens aAiones habent immanentes, nempe vellci * ac intcliigerc facultas morrix a&ioncm habet tranfeun tem.Ergo non poliunt prouenire ab eadem potentia, fcd 4 diucrfis. Itaque fi minus debebant differre potea- tiar voluntas, & intelU Aus>& d fkrunt iam : inulto ma- gis different vellent mouere. Motus ergo Angeli, & in- Jj tclligerc 4 diuerfa prouenict facultate , ac ipfum tnouc- b« orbes fu fc,ic vellc.Statuecda ergo in Angelis potentia moiiui, tu*‘iav‘* «jua moucarn orbcs.Pauus explico rationem hanc yab lnI* .. um*. dc calcate ia or bibat. Motoi seper 174 LatiniT dncredi. Difpttt.Vf; de ad propofitum pertinentem longius diftane mfttu& inter fe a&iones mouere,& velle, quam velle & imciii- * gere: ergo motio 8t volitio non poliunt prout nire ab eadem potentia, nempe & voluntate, & intelleftu : ete- nim velle>& intel Jigerc pendent £ diuerfis facultatibus i voluntate fcilicer & mente , cum fiat adiones imma- nentes : mouere aurem a&ioeft tranfleos , & velle eft aflio immanens: quo cbc a ponenda eft virtus motrix in inrelligentia mouenre fphceram coelcftem. Confirmatur quooiam,vtre<fte ait Caieranus, motus corinrs *voifl fcmper eft comes voluntatis, aut appetitus fenfitiui , Sc fcnfi *ntc^e^us : primo enim nofcitur obie&um , vt fequen- jwto» enu (jun1}Ve| fugiendum cum voluntate, aUt appetitu feofi- tiuojmox confequitur facultas mouens pro acquirendo fine prarcognito, vel fugiendo. Infuper res inanimes vt magnes, & ambra mouent, ille ferrum, ha?c paleam facultate morrice: ergo conuenienc eftcxiftimare mentes fuperas eadem motrice vi circun- ducere orbes , quibus conuerrendis affignat* funt , vel etiam dicamus eminenter» de virtute vim notricem in 11- Iis contineri, ^ Quas obres magis probabilis mihi videtur haec opi- nio; quippe qux admittit hanc viro matricem. Nunc explico quo pa&o orbem cieat pulfione, dc at- : , fra&ione. 'n-aVr* ya? uret, ^ Ktreireu. omnia-enim.#, pulfu,rra&uq; monentur, inquit Ariftotelcs j. Ii b. de-» < anima contextu 55. vbi de animalium motu agit:&mu- fculi pelluntur ,fiue extenduntur; deinde con tra hunrur, vt extendant membra eademq; contrahant ad eundem modum intelligentia incidens in fpoeram, mouet de Im- pellit fua vi motrice mobile abortu in occafum , de rur- fus eadem vi motrice trahit de bccafu ad orrfi eundem orbem: dc car!Q enim propenfum eft fua natura ad illum DtOmnig%\nttferift. CipVi- xzS motum recipiendum : atque ita exferectur motus cae- p lorum in girum; tangente intcUigcntiafua virtute non ta&u -phy fico orbem. . , ...» "Qooni am oppofita opinio negabat vim motneow» intclligentijs vfa quibuldani rationibus > ideo adifl** fC A°dpr^mam dico ndn effe neceffarium vt ortnia quae diuifafuntin inferioribus, iungantur: nant ftqueretur rainpaueio volunratem.ac mentem, quae diuifae funt, & diftinjte in ra contra homine facultates, in Angelis eflent vna facultas. Ficvnio ali» tem ilia vnio aliquando, cum res ipfa ipfam requirit. quando Ad aliam rationem dicendani.', & fi natura gaudet po" paucioribus : in hac re tamen obeaufas di&as requiri- tur facultas motiua , cum probabilius fit pendere or- &um morum non 1 voluntate, & mtelledhi proxime, ac immediatd , fed a potentia motriccrquar quidem ad asiones externas, & tranfeuntes dirigitut.-cum intelle- us,& voluntatis afliones fint immanenteS.Reliquum, vt pollicitus fum, cft, abfoluam quomodo cunfli crbes infra primum mobile ab Oriente ad occidentem motu proprio moueantur i & tamerri primo Orbe rapi. - dicantur , tum efficienter motu raptus , tiim • etiam, vt i fine motu amoris, fuaq; fpon te fimul,arqi ad eo i fe ipfisrNeqj % vllum Planetam, aut alium Orbem ab occafn ad - -can \umtm ha • "k ■* V* r #jrrf|ffL- / * ' . A . :HWf k >*&*»** ■■*** t ab Oc cidente ad orienti of actor. dh V ■ ^wm7. T — W9fr DISPVTATIO VII- Omnes orbes* /eris motoribus ex ortu vjq; occafum , meum nullumque ab occafu mertt ad ortum > & ds motu raptus nona interpretatio probabilis. Cap. /.. difpuratum eft, quo pai r.. i caulta mouerec, vt finis , qua* tenus eft intelligibilis , Sc appeti* bilis i mouerctq; vt, efficiens, qui in mente elt. Denique multis mo* dis eft declaratum , vti qua ratio- ne eft finis , & efficiens in moqcn* do. Mouet, vt finis, cum Ariftore- x 2.metaphyf.t. J7.pn'mum motorem feribit mouere, vt amatum, & defideratum;dum confidcratur eatra mc- bn "Sm"* ,cm vt* ^n*si‘n roente vcr0 conceptus mouet vt efficis. Atom e«orl Arquc id,quod primo raouetur ab eo,quod amatur , eft jbe, & animg primum mobile : quod quia eft compofirum ex orbe , de «aih£ anima inrelligcnre, quemadmodum fentit D. Thomas exponens Ariftotelem,intelligit,& appetit primum mo- torem i Ideo inceflabili motione, mouet, vr imitetur i JIQ fteconfequatur quantum; po^eft ; veluti ex Alexandri Aphrodilei lententia fuperius dcclarauimus. Deinceps in eodem textu ^.inquit philofophus qui ■loueanturccrera corpora infra primum mobile, aiens: mouet itaque, vt qqpd amaturjquod mouetur autem^, cicera mouet. Perinde ac dixerat , primum mobile mo- De Omnig.Antiptri(t. 177 t tum i primo motore vc intclligibili>& appetibili, & k fua anima intelligence , mouere carcera mobilia, / < Caeterura ortae fuar quam plurimae cuntrouetiic in- ter natura; dudiofos , Sc Adronomos qua ratione ptimu mobile caetera mobilu moueatrde quibus controuerfijs non pauca fupra inipeximus . & iam polliciti fumus no- ftram, dubitantes, afferre opinionem . Ais) dixere primfi coelum mouere alios fubfe collocatos , atq; etiam fphac- tam omnem ignis , & bene magnam partem aeris motu raptus, tra&tone ex ortu in occafum: interea tamen cae- teri orbes coeleftts inferiores a fuispropnjs inteliigea- tijs ex occalu in orrum circumducuntur: atque h.c mo- tus ed illorum orbium proprius ex orienre vero in occi- dentem bi orbes cientur motu accidentario fupra natu- ram, fcu praeter naturam, vt alij exponunt, a fupremo cor pore mobili. Hxc fenrentia ad. o ed ditfi. ilis fuafu»vt inopinabilis |?wnn*a fere pollic tx dimaruiicuci nonnullis exemplis, ac ratio- fitiU imf«u nibus fuerit luperius pr obitum . de caulfi opinor mulco probabilius ede di«du , omnes orbes fua (ponte a fua intciiigentia de ortu ad occafum conuercinullumq; Abeadj ia- cfle orbium motom ex occidente ad orientem, prateer* tciiigecuci quam ab eadem net intclligentia, a qua in occidentem oc cx oriente moti erant. Pr^ccrea opinabile quoq; ed nui- cidente ad Ium effe motum raprus.quemadroodumfibifuadentifed orici,iea,‘ fiquis ed raptus : alio paifco cd intciiigendus. , ac abau- iribus, huius raptus intel igitur. Moueri autc oes orbes exortu in occafum fequefttes primum mobile, ita animo concipi poted. Urbes inferio-. res inouenrur a primo: ergo congruens & conueniens cd,ex todem ia eundem terminum, cx ortu fcilicec in_. occafum, vti illud mouctur, illos moueri.Quod vero non fit hoc aliecum, neq; extra rationem, inde deduco: qma * M m fupre- 3 w : *7i': Latini T anendi 7)'$ ut VI. Prr«f orb'i ^uPrcin‘ or^,s *ntcllfgcnria intelJigir primum motorem, inrciiigcmia & mouct perintcllcftum, & voluntatnn fua vi motrice:. intfiiigu pri intclligentiaeetiam aliorum, qui infra voluuntur orbiu > rJ>Smouct >®*«IJigancftipremam»mcI!igcntijia!ij eodcm^uemodo 'perimeiie- rapuent: voluntas enim earum libera eft » Quapropter lun!atcm rcu !*cutj mouft Prima intelligentiajrootcre debeor, & aliae — - -• 'inferiores i6teIligentiar,fequeates,imitaotes primam in fuo moru ex oriente in occidens . Atque ita intelligeo- dus videtur Ariftorelis in duodecimo libro metaphyf. * textu 37. loq ues d e primo motore, inquiens. Mouet ita- que,vt quod amatur.quod mouetur autem, caetera mo- uer. Haec ille. Ergo mouer, quatenus illud corpus mo- bile primum inrelligitur , & appetitur ab alijs orbibus ; qui orbes cum intelligentijs vnurn efficiunt; & inferio- Conciaffo rcs 0r^FS intc^*8unt appetunttj; fuperiores, vr amatos*. ' cmmfi difto & defideraros . Itaq; caeteri orbes A primo mobili,vt ab notrice ti. Sefus rexrus Ariftoiclis. Qpod moue tor caetera monet. rum. - «» V A; 1. intelle&o, amato, & optatofiae mouentur ; ab illoetiam tanquam ab efficiente c a ulla mente concepta in giruni aguntur. Quid igitur mirum eft, fi planetarum lpherae, & aliae a fuis intelligentijs proprijs ex oriente in occi- dentem plagam mouentur ; cum cognofcane, & intelli - gant, primum orbem ad e udem modum cieri: quem or- bem fequntur, imitantur fummo amore, defiderio tau- quam Principem & Ducem. . Profero nemini debita laus eft deneganda. Piccolo- mineus peripateticus, fuperioris aeratis infignis, libro dfc d5 ipfe^wo cce^orum mororibus capite 1 5. de primo motore haec «it. P verba exarat. Similiter fi confideretur,vt exemplar fe* parata rum formarum imitabile ab cis, tenetur mouere: nam reliquae intelligentiae obid moucnt ab ortu in oc- ii os opinio- cafum , vt aemulentur primajn,& eam fequantur . Haec A!rcr Tocnt P‘cc°l°m‘ncu5 • Addo d: ego. Prima intelli gentia mo- «««cora, u« ab ortu ad occafum^ ergo ex eode termino ad eun- “C ~ dem ImsPicco lominei\ De Omnig.Atttipirifi. CtfVy dem terminum reliquae intdligentiae fuos conuertonc orbes. Atque ituum Piccolotftineus eodem libro ca- pite ao.m eadem pufiftit lententia . Inquit enim , mo- tores lub primo,dumconfiderantur, vt participationes primi:primumquc inteliigunt, cupientes ei effe , & Ter- tiari pro facuitaus fi miles , vna cum eo mouent ab ortu in occafum: vt veiodiftinguntur a primo, & feipfas in- telligunt ab eo diftin&as > diftin&us muneri, & officio • dcfignatas,*. upientes in fuum principium redire, ab oc- catupn ortum ijeuertuaturi lea Piccolomineus.fed ille-* piccolomf- hanc fententum nec probat, neque cum fuis fundamen neu$ ho* ^o- tis explicat. Vuumumen ille mihi inieris hos inquifi- ^„10*1» tionis igniculos, proptetea accuratiore cogitatione rem aocumecu. patefacere conatus lum. v Hinc opinor ilium motum ab occidente ad orientem 0p;nimr fuperuacaneum forfi:anefle;Cum nulla, vel leuis adigat Biocfi ab oe> neceflitas eum alferere omnium enim afpe&uum appa- orientem3 fu titionum, tftw&uUm, qui in diuinis illis corporibus neri peruaemfi. confpiciuntur facili negotio caulTa reddi poteft : fi P0* namus orbium motores mouere incelle&u» & votontaOe^^J™^ libere, veiutia lummo rerum omnium opifice iconftitU- eoifitatemo. tum fuit ab initio creationis , cum monendi leges cis 5 J «** praeferiptar fuerunt. ' H ’* nium app«» Quuinobrcm fi planetae fiant aliquando retrogradi, rcd- : autllationaifj,aut celerius, tardiufue fcrahtur; non mi- ""f* arum: etenim liberi mouentunvti fitmottiUa haecviutrt- lyaMQl X/Jlli { •* 1«;. • j ’ . r’ **-<>t* * 4 lio DtfiutVlJ. tJoriprcbatur motus ex occidente ai orien * tem,q'4ta orits ad tropicum cancri , £5* Caprtcorntaccedunt.Cap.il' 9 \ ‘ • • » Nituntur hoc principio , fiquidem hi orbes modo ad Tropicum Cancri, modo ad Tropicum Capri* corni accedunr; prrsgranuj; duodecim figna . Dedu- cunt ex hac hypot hefi conclufionem Motum, quo pera- grant zodiaci, m tflc ab occafu ad ortura : Oc illum alte- rum,quo feruntur ab ortu ad occafum die alium diuer- fum vtrumque motum fieri fub dmerfos polos; diurnum fuper mundi polos ; alterum lupor zodiaci polos:& diur- num aliorum orbium effle motum raptus a primo mobi- Ii. ftatuflt igitur , non fatis e(Te vnura motum ab oriente ad occidens, fcd alterum ab occidente ad oriens. Caere ruro gate opinio vulgata , & fere ab omnibus rc- © pi»(o v*l- cepta non eft adeo munita, vt nequeat. oppugnari , neqj Sibos WruBfccuin 4e corporibus coeleftibus,eorumq, acciden- tibus Inter Aftronomos , & Philofophos femper fuerit . opinionum varietas, difTeflfus, & etiam num quotidie-» .'** noua coofurgant paradoxa. Redeo ad rem. Pono ab(q» h . i (Ulo motu ab occidente ad orientem licet .venari cau- .ut > iu ;b .fem>quamobrcmcaeleftes illae fphasr? varijs temporum*» Tpaojs ada,quiJonein,& ad auftrum vergant : rametfi fas- iper diur rjciSf pplos cientur, ac cietur primus orbis • Dum enim quilibet planeta fequens, & imitans motft primae inteUig - otiar, primum orbem moucntisio girum Vt aot0pia totquei fuc <n urbem fua fponte,& libere ab ot tu ad oc- ft”r"lncHB cafum; nihil impedit , quo minus ille orbis accedat per teAacaqao zodiacum ~d lig,u feptcmtrionalia, mox reuertatuc ad Tigaaof0 °b ligna mtudionil»*»* hiuc rui fui ad Ar&um. Itaque fiai r' 'Z • * ®otu* Di Omni&Anttpirift' Cap //. moras non pertineam omnino re&am,fed quodam mo- do obliquam . Exempli gratia cum fol cft in primo gra» du arietis ; tunc vigintiquaruor horarum intcruallo om- nes orbes a fuis iatelligentijs mouentur ab oriente ad occidens , & rurfus ad ortum comitantes , & fequentes motum primi mobilis conuerfi 4 prima caufa : & dum-, hic motus fit, nihil repugnat , quominus fol per primotn pundhim arietis latus, recedat aliquantulum abarqui- ncdtiali , feprcratrionem verfus : altero die fequens fol etiam primum mobile 4 fua intelligentia motu diurno vigintiquatuor horarum fpatio motus, peragrans fpa- tium ab oriente adT occidentem plagam , poteft quidem ad feptemtrionem aliquantulo plus ab arquinoftionali declinans apprcpinquare:& fic ner in reliquis gradibus, quoufque fol ad cancrum peracniar : conft&o femper curriculo ab inrelligenrria folis mouente , ac fequentes primum mcbile. Interea tamen lingulis diebus moue- bitur libere folis orbis ad feptemtrioRem. Ita etiam co- cipiturdeluna mora quotidie a fua intelligentia fpatio viginti quatuor horarum ab ortu ad occafum ; iterumq; ad ortum per mediam no&em eodem tamen dieidenu. lunat orbis 4 fua intelligentia. Mouebiturad ligna fe- ptemrrionalia , vel aultralia per tredccim gradus circi- ter dimidium , ln hunc etiam modum faturnus , & reli- qui orbes, quilibet 4 lua intelligentia vertigine torqueit tur ab oriente ad occidentem : interea tanrn declina* bunt aut ad meridiem , aut ad fcpteimriooun per duo* decim ligna, vt rar dius,c«leriufue cflum ciebitur. Quid ? quod etiam t &auus orbis , qui centum anqis tno gradu mouerur per (igniferum , moucbirur quidem quotidie motu diurno 4 lua ractc abiun&a ; pariter om-. nes orbes fequentes primum eundem modum tertia- bunt. interca tamen aliquod xniuimum percurrent ad 4 hicit* Fjtfmolom quomodo f: ratur ab or to fol ad oc eafm i fna intelligeatia & accedat ad Septltrio nemj aor po flea declioet ad >a(lru ia atijs tempoj ribus. Exempla ia omnibus p^ Bciisin ibs teoiponbaai Recedis pfi rumpe r aat id aolhum, anc ad odtauaa or- ba. igr LatiniT anere di- DifputVlf: Mciidicm vel ad Ardum per figna Zodiaci, vc Aftro- ■' , ronr.i calculatores computabunt . Ex his arbitror no- itram fententiam minime tifc improbabilem. i Neque quicquamobeft, quod eadem intclligentia_». duos edat motus;cum fit coelt anima; quod quidem ani ■poteflorbi* «natum ell Ariftcreli s.de coelo tex. 13. An vero anima-, mcDcri ab informet, vel affiftat eo in loco difputauil Atq; hi motus cafairlfmui non funt oppofiti : poteft enim quis moueri ab ortu ad eodem um- occafum, &, fimul eodem tempore ddit&ere iter ad fe- todinem <£•! ptemtriones vel ad meridiem . H>nc orta eft nomencla- flcAcre. tura ortus a?quinc&ialis, ortus aeftiui, & h.berni ; itidem ~ occafus «quini ftialis aeftiui, hibcrnir^fingulifque diebus ortus ,& occafus variantur , nedum folis,fcdomnium-. etiam orbium , & ftellaruro, qu* fub primo mobili coi- Tu conifflu ra, & opinio re poftim 'de mora rrp tos.vt plera. qi alia de or bibus tradun tur. Morat rip- tns appela- turro quod \i rabiantur ac trahantur a pr.mo no -bili violeo* ur,(rd amo* tt quoditt. locantur. » Quantum ad motum taptus,quo exiftimant rapi tra- hique a primo mobili ceteros orbes , in coniedtura , 3e opinione pofitum efle duco totam hanc rem, vc pleraq; aiia de orbibus, corumq; accidentibus. Exiftimotameo, appe liari motum raptus , non quod aliqua vi rapiantur, &tiaharrur orbes nen moti afeipfis,fcd a primo mo- bili . Verum congruenter dici poteft illud ftjpremunu», diUimmque corpus rapere, ac trahere alios coelos/**- Ta$0(/x£f per translationem, veiut res cpt b:lis,amibi- lij rapit, rrahitq; amanrem ad fe ; iuxta illud , trahit fua qCcmque voluptas, vti finis, & efficiens ratione diuerfa. Et quia omnes alij 01 bes intelligunt , amant ,appetunc primum mobile ; idcirco ab illo obictftoccgnito ad met- uendum impelluntur , vt imitentur , & fequantur totius motus principi m & aidoron. S stnlcm motum edentes ab ottu ad occatum , indcqfitcrtm rc deunres ad 01 tum. Quardcqu:dttnirtelligtnt * lub prima, vt . btadtpet» densita in eius opus imiuncum ineui.bum, atque adeo conlpi- DtOwm^kntiptrljt. Capi/- is* confpirant • lit quidem intdligeritiae fuos circunducunt orbes proxime, & imm diate fequentes primum moto- rem primumq; mobile ex eadem munditegione ad e^ ddro , ideft ab orienre ad occideos\& vna reuertuntur cum pi imo mobili ad crieptt m,> & ille rapiys inue&us ab Aftrooomis,& tru'tis Philofophisnon eft violenti#, fed amoris: alicquin fententia foret vulgaris,vt cenfuit Plato. Cum dfcunt metum diurnum eife motum totius » in- telligebdum arbitror : quoniam mobilia vniuerfi mo- neatur motu , & participatione virtutis prircar caufar , i qua pendet efle ,& viuere omnium , & catenus proprij motores mcuent, quia in eos diffunditur primae caullae Virtus velut fuperius f^peinculcauimus. Digrefsioi propofito fcopo de aeris regionibus ia motus , & motores orbium cosleftium bene longa fuit, & forte molefta. Ideo ad id- em argumentum reuertor , & di- ' fpuratiooem inftituam,vbi ■ • < ' ^ re liqua de acris rcli- * gionibus exc« quar, Eft raptas- non viojirif fed amorij, •t c«*nfa:t, phto, & for tafle AriftoJ tcles in ditii nis libris. Qno pafl# fit intelligen dum moram diurnu efle motu tetius. -V u-r H 1 DISPV- - t 1» I DISPVTATIO Vin. De fuprem a, infima, media atrii regionis ma* tnttHdtne , ot amplitudines. Cap. /• ) N foc capitis feprimi quartae di-, fpuratienis fuperiotis c^prdigredi in difputaiiones , & quaeflionts de motibus , & motoribus caeleftiura orbium: vbi nonnullas attigi dif- ficultates ad negotium de aeris regionibus pertinentes : quibus nunc abfolut is ] redeo vnde digreflus fum, & de raagoi- tudine > amplitudine fupremae,inHmje , & mediat plagae acris verba faciamjhinc fado principio. Quooiam fuperius limites trium aeris regionum eoa (Hturi funr,non eft quod rurlum eo redeamus. Quanti- tatem illarum attendamus . Suprema quidem regio cae- Sapreflaa-» tcrjs duabus multo amplior cft,j(emper eadem amplitu- ri}*mphor, diae contenta eft enim igni attigua, cumq; illo circum- «adem atr- uoluitur ; fumens initium dc cclfis quidem montibus, non autem cxcdGffimis i vbi a vt aiunt fimul cum igne i ^ diuino corpore in orbem amore rapiturtvcl iua fpontfc-* fertur ab inflro principio,ficutt Cupra etiam, de aliorum . (ententia,eft declaratum. vinlbS^S Infima regio aeris terram ambiens incerto, ac vana- miro tuper. |^||{ termino fuperne concluditur, quo cum media regio- qao^ttrmi-' ne coniungitu r i fiquidf m non femper idem eft termi- do eam |t»B nusifed modo latius,modo anguftius pater.acftate maior cud* i6inn ^ nobii aeris plaga , quam hy eme cauifa eft , quoniam arftiuo tempore folii radij ad angulo» re- &os,vel falcim redis vicinos terram feriunt, fub tmiuf<$; • terra refiliunt; veluti pila palouria in terram iifta di* rede fublimius fertur, quam fi obi que in illam prolicia- tur • Ergo, cun» infimat aeris regionis limes fit , vbi foli» . •* radij reflexi definuntiatque hyeme minus altc,4c fubli- me rcpercutiantur»aefUee vero fublimius cocendant:ne- cclTario fequitur, maiorem effe huius ore quantitatem^ eftiuo,quam hyberno tepore. Hiac fequitur fub equi- ne diali plaga ,’fubquc tropico cancri huus infimi aeri« longiflime protendi finem quandoquidem folis radij rcdius,quam alijs in locis ibi refiliunt,ac proinde alciut afeendunt . Alibi vero pro radiorum repercurfu magis» vel minus diredo , haec regio longius , vel breuius pro- tenditur. Quoufque autem ad fumraum fines fuperiore» huius infimi aeris extentantur, non videntur feriptores om- uvinUlo af« nes conuenire. Vitellio in to.libro probat , vapores noa *«?or« ferri furfum longius quinque millibus, & ducentis padi q7uq7™iil bus, veluti nec radioru folis repcrcuifio fublimius afeen- rib-«, & .ra- dit. Quapropter infima hae: ora noi extenditur vitra.» ***? quinque miliaria, de ducentos pa(TuJ,ideft quintam mi- liaris partem . Fortaffis alicubi altius , alicubi deprdfi js radij repercutiuntur > quemadmodum non vno circo, ac definito termino radij folis delinunt , vt didumeft. vaiijsin locis. Neque mediae aeris rfegionis certus efl fiiis inferior; ent fini infima plaga ncditur.fuperior «cnft terminus certus, fixufque cft,& inuariabilis: qui finis fuperior dt * rinr ter- vbi fupremi mobilis coeli circumuolutio terminarur;hoc i> • • _ t- * . , • »* fior certo* .dt vbi oon ampnus acrein in orbem trahi Micutantt^ explicauimus . fcft autem immutabilis : etenim caufliu^ inferior f[« quoufq» vim motriccm effundit, varietate caret. Aeve- JJJ vari*w“ ( Na roin- * Mediae repo hy mc lacus patec.quona telkri vici* nior. Aeftate vrrfc longios e ter radiflar,i<*co amplius pa- tet; t UOff t -Wttcf&fe- 4 W 4 * fil' 'LaimTsocnJi. DiffmVlff. ro inferior limes » cum mutabilis (it ob maiorem mino^ cernue terrae propinquitatem ,in cauflja fft > vt fecunda-* aeris rc^io. modo amplior, modo anguftior euaday ote^im^yieme. ( qtiia-(o|ji radij qon tam fub’ime fe- runtur) latius patet, fitque telluri vicinior, acftate vero longius. ab ea didat > quia fublimior fit , cum radij lua_j» rectitudine altius attollantur, frigufq; ^ropulfent extin; guantquc; atque tunc ardioribus limitibus media il(a plaga vallatur,* oaqfliwutem , quamobrem longius,, breuiufque protendatur, eft extenfa magis , vel contra-? da radiorum folis repercuflio . Qua dc caulfi fic,vt per byeraem media aeris regio adeo inferius exteodarut,^ terras vergens, vt bene magnam quoq; huius infimae 01$ aeris partem occupet : id qued la?pe manifcftar fri- gidarum nubium prouentus.vnde nedum gelidae aqua:, ied etiam niues copiofae dccidunt.Norunt hoc qui geli- das incolunt terras. , . ... * Ex bis (tatueodum , infimam oram, atque mediam-» mulio angufooribus finijbus ambiri > quam fupremam* necfemper eandem amplitudinem cbtinere: namper xftatem infima regio atnplius occupat fpatium:per byc- jnem vero amplificatur media: longius enimf intercedit intcruallum inter infima: finem, &iupremx principium; quia folis radij reflexi aogulos obtufior/:s, acutiorefque £fiiciut,minufq; ahcexiliiir. peinceps deharfi triu acris regionfl temperie, fiue qualitatibus , ac catUfis agendu*. Dt trium atris orarum Jiuer/a temperitp tiufqi caufsis. Caf.IL Vanta fitcuiuflibet aeris orat magnitudo, expo^- y / fitum cxiftiao • Conuenit cuiuflibec etiam regio- *" * nis * v' ifitipfrijf. Cdf //. cis te ruperit m confidere mus . A ggrcdior ad fummam. 'Hiac calida-fi^caq; tfi; vi icripferu Anttoreles e(Tfc ma- rgis ignetaquam aer 5, na & fi aer caliduSeft,& h.mm dusrtiPtbpaTeticorum > medicorutnq» lententia lutpte tiarura ( cmiVto in prefenti * an natufaliccr fit frigidu* difpurat onctfi ) attamen maxime omnium elemenrbffi idoneus < It ad peregrinas admittendas afft&ionesrvnde ^ minus damnat Atiftoteles pdmo pbylitorum aittitjuos Afferentes materiam primam effeaereWjquippequi aer «»««* jg affimiHstfi materiae, varijs recipiendi^fohnis .Quam- , cbtcmebaliorum elerndnfOrUmpropiHquitatcin, V**- riurr.que ad coebum (itam,eius portiones de fua nature* li temperie calida humida permutantur; non tameriita illam exuunt, vt ccffenc effe aer: fed & calidus , & frigi- ui7affiieatf cFus , ficcus & humidds alcrriria qualitate euadat : nili fUOs fiutsmi forte tanta irruat coniratij <*,vtin afiud elemeWtuntu. jj®4 lraaJt* agatur; alioqdto aeris limitesrndntranfilitiquamumufe ' , alterarus. <*•••• * Non igitur mirandum eft, fi illa regio igni contigua* motuque diurno in girum du6U,caIidicatcm, d^ficcita- tem peregrinam induit : fiquidem motu,qu<*drcum&l- citur iridalefcir; adhoc ficritacera contraWfjhullo enim rfiOQtium obiee * quominuSfctoUmagltor\ irtiprditUtt Prceterea ipfemet ignis fuo conta&u aeri viemo calotcv & ficcicatem impertit. Accedit etiam quod Ariftotcle* icfcapite quarto primi Meteorologici fctibfr , cdelum.. (bd motui dliitcere igh^to deorftfm violentia ; atque ille ignis dedrfunfdifie<a«»sptimum calfecit ,«»ficeacqui_> aerem deinceps alia loca,fi eo per rigeris -uon * ? Ariftotele* ' Ceterum Ariftoteles non facile luidebit,qua Ario* ne coslum difijciat, ac violenter ex fuo loco detrudat ne *T£lw ignem deorfum : nartique ccelUm aquabili ,<&.,regulari d'"rfu.^^ m^u^cuteudluKdf. «ebia tcncail*4up«il**:opi** ^,1 , ‘ ' ‘ ~ " Na xaro }. • xti 'LdtmiTancrhU. DifyuViH; xam ignis fuperficicm arrigit tantum vt ex Ariftotcl^i non fl>h*tur i c$!o ignis ia orbem vel fi trahatur ignit in orbcm>nfqaibitiliu infra deijcere : fiquidem, fi igni* impelieraur deorfum i ccelum eciara mouererur fiue in- clinaretur deorfum, quod negat phiiofophus : ille enini motus dcie^ionis fit per conta^una , Sc irapulfionem^ r atq; manifellum eft fortaire omnibus , omne impellens, vn*dS Sol ^um *mPcj^1 » *n ipf° impulfu in rem impellendam verf n«.;mciioar^ fus moueri,vcrgcrc.aut inclinatum cfle . Sed inficiatur Arjftotelei moueri inclinari , aut vergere ccelum deor- aooct . fu ai . Quo fic 3 vt perdifficile fit inrelligere modum, quo coelum ignem violenter inferius detrudar. Comminifcuntur aliqui refpofionem , fingentes aliwik idcirco reuolui ignem refponfioncm, fiogentes idcirco f euolui ignem deorfum ad aerem vfq; multdq ; inferius, QjJoniam ignis fertur furfum ad concauam c^lifupcr- ficicta s cumque nequeat vlterius ferri ob cqlurn impe- vioiaittueft! diens » re^fic deorfum , vti accidir pilae luforiat in paric? ’ tcm,aut ad fuperiores pauimeti trabes, vel tegulas prol ■ i ie^SiCum nequeat longius ferri , rediit retrorfum, R,er fpoaAim hoc fuga eft : etenim pilae motus violentus eft , potcratfy longius petere ob violentiam illatam : mopus vero ignis eft nacuralisicumq; perucnitad fuum locum, »on appetit fuperiorem iocu,qui * c$Io occupatur: igni* enim fuapte natura non gignitur , cqti locum occupatu?, rus . Propterea non refilietpil* in|tar,quae ia&a aptaj erat ferri vitra obicem, ac proinde rediit . Infuper ignis petens furfum fuo in loco quicfcit,ncqi icit c? tum > ficut . . pila parietem, aut quidpiam aliud. { , Obijcies fortafle ? fumus ex foco elatus na&us obfta- idt* culum, nc ex camino foras expiret , deorfum refluit, re- ■amenti? af PJct caligine aulam . Et fiimi motus £ medio naturalis c%quia cihaiaciq $ft : ergo ignis motu , qui eft natura: , a*Z i ti ~ li*s fui r‘*H ^ B# Omnig. Antiperift. Ctp.II. 'i*9 ^ lis, occurrens csloimpedienti,;ne fuperius afccndat , re- fluet dcorCum more fumi i ac aerem calfaciet infcriufq» fciamrdabeturl t # Oppofitio haec ad rem non facie : quoniam ignis » u f^Dfs boo perueqiat vfq; ad ccseli fuperficicm , nequaquam oflfcn- det ad illam > quinimmo ibi , vt in fuo loco iubfiftet > de quiefeet i fumus verb recurret deorfum ; etenim aptus erat (na tenuitate, Ircalorc longius ferri, nifi prohibitus fuiffet w Breuiter igitur decido , cur ille fupremus aer tanto- pere incalclcat,& cxiccetur.primo illi hoc accidit ignis Aer conta&u>deinde vertigine qua circumducitur.pt fterea «®» mnta«- ^Jexander. tertiam addit caulfam quoniam halitus ca- £r ^VioJcn» . lidi/icci illuc fine vapoie,quem in inedia amis regione «b igni. |
github_open_source_100_1_585 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | module.exports = {
prefix: ".",
token: "TOKEN",
botdurumu: "△ Vientra Developed By CARRY",
botseskanal: "BOT_SES_KANAL_ID",
staff: ["SAHIP_ID"]
};
|
github_open_source_100_1_586 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | // Copyright 2021 The Terasology Foundation
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
package org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling;
import org.joml.Quaternionf;
import org.joml.Quaternionfc;
import org.joml.Vector2f;
import org.joml.Vector2fc;
import org.joml.Vector2i;
import org.joml.Vector2ic;
import org.joml.Vector3f;
import org.joml.Vector3fc;
import org.joml.Vector3i;
import org.joml.Vector3ic;
import org.joml.Vector4f;
import org.joml.Vector4fc;
import org.joml.Vector4i;
import org.joml.Vector4ic;
import org.reflections.Reflections;
import org.terasology.engine.core.SimpleUri;
import org.terasology.engine.core.module.ModuleManager;
import org.terasology.engine.math.IntegerRange;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.BlockUriTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.ChunkMeshTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.ColorTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.ColorcTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.NameTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.SimpleUriTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.TextureRegionTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.UITextureRegionTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.factories.AssetTypeHandlerFactory;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.factories.ComponentClassTypeHandlerFactory;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.extensionTypes.factories.TextureRegionAssetTypeHandlerFactory;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.AABBfTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.AABBiTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.BlockAreaTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.BlockAreacTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.BlockRegionTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.IntegerRangeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.QuaternionfTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.QuaternionfcTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.RectanglefTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.RectangleiTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector2fTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector2fcTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector2iTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector2icTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector3fTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector3fcTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector3iTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector3icTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector4fTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector4fcTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector4iTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.mathTypes.Vector4icTypeHandler;
import org.terasology.engine.persistence.typeHandling.reflection.ModuleEnvironmentSandbox;
import org.terasology.engine.rendering.assets.texture.TextureRegion;
import org.terasology.engine.rendering.primitives.ChunkMesh;
import org.terasology.engine.world.block.BlockArea;
import org.terasology.engine.world.block.BlockAreac;
import org.terasology.engine.world.block.BlockRegion;
import org.terasology.engine.world.block.BlockUri;
import org.terasology.gestalt.naming.Name;
import org.terasology.joml.geom.AABBf;
import org.terasology.joml.geom.AABBi;
import org.terasology.joml.geom.Rectanglef;
import org.terasology.joml.geom.Rectanglei;
import org.terasology.nui.Color;
import org.terasology.nui.Colorc;
import org.terasology.nui.UITextureRegion;
import org.terasology.persistence.typeHandling.TypeHandlerLibrary;
import org.terasology.persistence.typeHandling.reflection.SerializationSandbox;
import org.terasology.reflection.TypeRegistry;
/**
* A library of type handlers. This is used for the construction of class metadata. This library should be initialised
* by adding a number of base type handlers, describing how to serialize each supported type. It will then produce
* serializers for classes (through their ClassMetadata) on request.
*/
public class TypeHandlerLibraryImpl extends TypeHandlerLibrary {
public TypeHandlerLibraryImpl(Reflections reflections) {
super(reflections);
addTypeHandlerFactory(new ComponentClassTypeHandlerFactory());
}
protected TypeHandlerLibraryImpl(SerializationSandbox sandbox) {
super(sandbox);
addTypeHandlerFactory(new ComponentClassTypeHandlerFactory());
}
public TypeHandlerLibraryImpl(ModuleManager moduleManager, TypeRegistry typeRegistry) {
super(new ModuleEnvironmentSandbox(moduleManager, typeRegistry));
}
public static TypeHandlerLibrary withReflections(Reflections reflections) {
TypeHandlerLibrary library = new TypeHandlerLibraryImpl(reflections);
populateWithDefaultHandlers(library);
return library;
}
public static TypeHandlerLibrary forModuleEnvironment(ModuleManager moduleManager, TypeRegistry typeRegistry) {
TypeHandlerLibrary library = new TypeHandlerLibraryImpl(moduleManager, typeRegistry);
populateWithDefaultHandlers(library);
return library;
}
private static void populateWithDefaultHandlers(TypeHandlerLibrary serializationLibrary) {
// Current Supported
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandlerFactory(new AssetTypeHandlerFactory());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Name.class, new NameTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(SimpleUri.class, new SimpleUriTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(BlockUri.class, new BlockUriTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(TextureRegion.class, new TextureRegionTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(UITextureRegion.class, new UITextureRegionTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(ChunkMesh.class, new ChunkMeshTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandlerFactory(new TextureRegionAssetTypeHandlerFactory());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Color.class, new ColorTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Colorc.class, new ColorcTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector4f.class, new Vector4fTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector4fc.class, new Vector4fcTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector3f.class, new Vector3fTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector3fc.class, new Vector3fcTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector2f.class, new Vector2fTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector2fc.class, new Vector2fcTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector3i.class, new Vector3iTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector3ic.class, new Vector3icTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector2i.class, new Vector2iTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector2ic.class, new Vector2icTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector4i.class, new Vector4iTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Vector4ic.class, new Vector4icTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Rectanglei.class, new RectangleiTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Rectanglef.class, new RectanglefTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(AABBi.class, new AABBiTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(AABBf.class, new AABBfTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(BlockRegion.class, new BlockRegionTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(BlockArea.class, new BlockAreaTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(BlockAreac.class, new BlockAreacTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Quaternionf.class, new QuaternionfTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(Quaternionfc.class, new QuaternionfcTypeHandler());
serializationLibrary.addTypeHandler(IntegerRange.class, new IntegerRangeHandler());
}
}
|
bub_gb_1gWpuhE7u78C_22 | Italian-PD | Public Domain | I critici tedeschi lodano la precisione e la grazia del suo stile. Il pubblicato a Francoforte nel 1852, un santo di tale opera, celebra il gentile e sicuro contro la gotta, ecc. La Tecnologia tedesca è caratterizzata, Strasburgo, 1609, in. Soj (una mineralogia sécco fiorita epistolare scientifica). A Stoccarda, 1555, Zena, 1632, in li. Gli epilogo della schiera, divisi in sei sezioni, sono stinti, e ricordano spesso il genere di Omero. È suo pure anch'uno Supplemento al Catalogo dei vescovi di Strasburgo, compilato da Giacomo Wimphelinger. MOOSCO, poeta bucolico greco, nacque a Siracusa. Contemporaneo ed amico del celebre critico Aristarco, visse nella 156. olimpiade sotto il regno di Tolomeo Filopatore, circa centoottanta anni avanti G. C. Fu allievo ed amico di Bione di Smirne ed i prefati due graziosi poeti successero a Teocrito, che fiorì quasi un secolo prima di esso. Considerarli si debbono siccome inventori dell'idillio propriamente detto. Le poesie pastorali di Teocrito, benché si dia loro il nome d'idilli, non sono che egloghe, perciò contengono sempre l'esposizione drammatica, epica o mista di un'azione che accade fra i pastori. Ma ritint, siccome il dà da intendersi etimologia del suo nome, è un piccolo quadro campestre con riflessioni e sentimenti luddisti. Tale è l'idillio in Bione, in Mosco ed in quelli moderni che posero il piede nelle orme loro, Teocrito s'immortalò cantando i pastori e a' l'armonia dei suoi versi, l'ingenuità sua, la squisita sua complessità, e la naturalezza delle sue pitture, accorsero. Rifecero la palma in tale genere di poesia; si può dire che Bione e Mosco, senza cimentarsi con un sì formidabile rivale, seppero nondimeno trovar gloria nel medesimo argomento, ornando i loro piccoli quadri campestri di tutta l'eleganza di uno stile ineccepibile, e di tutte le grazie della bella natura; corrispondono particolarmente al gusto dei lettori di Bione, qual è già noto. Il termine idillio significa piccolo quadro, egloga, un mito campestre. Alonso in suoi comuni, meno infrequenti di Bionno, il quale talvolta è ingenuosamente sovventuroso, ha più delicatezza e sentimento. È più dolce dei suoi versi. Ci rimangono sette o ottobre sue composizioni greche. Il suo Ornarca Tugentivo è stato imitato dal Tmo, che non lo adeguò. L'Ufficio fu rapidamente d'Europa, che male a proposito attribuito venne all'Egitto quantunque sia tanto lontano dalla sua maniera, può essere comparato al cestello di fiori di quella principessa soavemente brillante dei nostri paesi, nel medesimo idillio, defersesi con sì brillanti colori. Il capolavoro di Mosco, ed uno dei capolavori dell'antichità, è ridotto sulla morte di Dione. Non si può leggere senza esserne inteneriti: è lui nella poesia greca ciò che odia francia e la bella clima di Fontaine sulla disgrazia di Fouquet. Non si sa nulla della vita, né della morte di Mosco. Quelli di suoi scritti che ci furono conservati, stampati vennero sempre con le poesie di Ovidio e tali due graziosi poeti, amici l'un l'altro, vissero, separati non furono di poco la loro morte. L'edizione di Hecker, Bruges, 1565, in 4°, gr. e lat., è rara. Mosco e Bione furono stampati in 8°, gr. e lat., a Venezia, edizione di Schréverio, 1746. Cambiò variorum in Oxford, con le note di G. Herkin, 1748; a Lipsia, ex recensione, IW. G. A. Schier, 1752; in tedesco, con le note di G. C. Harles, 1780; infine a Londra, da Bentler, 1795. Tradotti furono in versi francesi da Longchamp, Parigi, 1686, in 12, e da Gail, in prosa, Parigi, 1795, in 8. Sono altresì inseriti nella collezione dei poeti greci, ed in molte edizioni di Teocrito. Kaoomindando dal secolo XY e proseguendo sino ai nostri giorni, si troveranno in ogni epoca volgarizzatori nostri, chi s'accinsero a dare, ora l'uno, ora l'altro dei graziosi inni Idilli o Poemetti di Mosca recati in versi italiani, e, trattandosi di brevissimi componimenti, furono per lo più inseriti e compresi fra altre opere di maggior volume. Fra quelle per es. di Girolamo Benivagno, apparso nel 1519, in 8° si troverà volgarizzato l'Amore congiunto dietro alla versione latina fattane da Angelo Poliziano. Questo medesimo Idillio tradusse Luigi Alamanni, e sta nell'opera Immagini degli dei di Pietro Bongo. Tra i traduttori è stato Benedetto Varchi, e lo rese di nuova rilevante per cura di Jacopo Morelli per la prima volta colle Rime del Bronzino e di altri. Yen. 1810, in 8. Iliamo anche di Carlo Tusa Maggi una Torsione tra le sue linee. Bologna, 1692, in 12. Ed una versione simile a quella fuggitiva, che è diffusa in Europa, e scritta da Giuseppe Torelli, ed unita a suo Psallo di Plauto, Firenze, 1765, in 8.vo. Tre Idilli ed un Epigramma volgarizzò Anton Maria Salvini, e si trovano aggiunti alla sua versione di Teocrito, Venezia, 1717, in 12; e di nuovo, Arezzo, 1764, in 8.vo. Domenico Regoli ci ha dato i sei Idilli in aggiunta alla sua versione di Teocrito, pubblicata in Torino, 1729, in 8.vo. Il solo I billo del Rito è Europa venne recato dal greco in italiano da Vincenzo Corazza bolognese, Ferrara, Rinaldi, 1766, in 8.vo; e di nuovo da Balthasar Millini padovano, Bologna, Consatti, 1787, in 8.vo, e poi con molta eleganza e bella infeduione all'originale da Dionigi Strocchi, Roma, 1792, in 8.vo. Nel vulgarizzamento di Teocrito fatto da Giuseppe Pagnini, Parma, stamperia Reale, 1780, vol. 2, in 8.vo trovasi altra nuova versione degli Idilli di Mosco, che poi si riprodusse col aggiunto di alcuni tradotti da Giuseppe ibano Pagani Cesari nel Parnaso dei Traduttori, Venezia, 1796, in 8.vo. Anche nelle versioni di Teocrito, fatte da Giambattista Vicini, edizione di Venezia, 1781, in 12, e da Luigi Maria Buchetti, edizione di Milano, 1784, in 8.vo si trovano gli Idilli di Mosco tradotti così dall'uno, che dall'altro. Tra le Opere di Girolamo Pompei, stampate in Verona, 1790, vol. 6, in 8.vo, c'è una sua nuova ed elegante versione di Mosco; e così alcuni Idilli vulgarizzati da Luigi Lamberti, che li trovano nella Scelta di Idilli da lui stesso pubblicata in Padova, Bettoni, 1800, in 8.vo. G. A. MOSCO (Giovanni), monaco greco, superno umano Eusebio fiorì sotto i regni di Tiberio e di Maurizio. Si fece religioso nel convento di Teodosio di Gerusalemme; abitò an Cochiatrici del Giordano, ed il nuovo monastero di s. Saba, in cui si sa che esercitava l'ufficio di praecensore e cantore. Spinto da santa curiosità, visitò in seguito le abitudini della Siria e dell'Egitto, ed anche si recò fino nell'Occidente, onde studiare le regole e gli usi dei cenobiti che fermati lì avevano stabilito. Tornato nel suo ritiro, compose una opera intitolata L'eminente, cioè prato o verziere spirituale, cui mandò a Sufronio, suo discepolo e compagno dei suoi viaggi, inalzato d'appoi alla dignità di patriarca di Gerusalemme. E la raccolta delle vite dei santi solitari di quel tempo; vi si leggono delle curiose particolarità, dei pensieri e delle massime di grande saggezza: ma tale compilazione è sfigurata da racconti apocrifi con non mancavano i leggeri di amplificare copiandoli. Mosco fa infatti, si dice, di alcuni degli errori di Severo il Grande; e morì nel 529. L'opera fu un tempo conservata manoscritta, ne comparve dapprima una versione in italiano, di cui l'autore è ignoto: la traduzione latina, di Ambrogio Camaldolense, fu stampata ad Antwerp, nel 1578, dall'editore Christophoro Plantin. Il testo greco diviso in 119 capitoli, pubblicò a Parigi da Fronton du Duc, nel tomo secondo delle Opere Patristiche, da cui passò nel tomo XIII della S. Patritiche. Göteler trovato avendo aggiunto alla biblioteca del re di Francia un manoscritto più compiuto che quello di cui era l'ultimo editore delle Opere dei Padri, ne trasse tutti i frammenti inediti, cui pubblicò con una versione in latino, nel tomo II delle Monumenta ecclesiae graecae. Arnoldo d'Andilly tradusse in seguito l'opera di Mosco, ma di recente pace chi perla. MOSCOPOLO (Mastro Greci), v'ebbero di tale nome due grammatici greci, da non essere confusi male a proposito. Essi furono cugini. Il più antico nacque nell'isola di Creta, e viveva sotto l'imperatore Manuele Paleologo, verso la fine del secolo XI e non sotto Andronico Paleologo come Ducange ed altri, cui Charles obbligò di correggere. Fabricio e Ducange attennero, a questo, di badare molto, ad un'osservazione di Crusio. Il secondo fu di Bisanzio, e nel numero dei Greci i quali, dopo presa Costantinopoli, cercarono asilo in Italia. Moscopolo di Creta è l'autore di una Grammatica pubblicata nel 1542 a Basilea, e di altre tuttora inedite agli Eroi di Filostrato. Si deve probabilmente attribuire a lui le Scolie sopra Esiodo, cui Trinci aveva pubblicato col nome di Manuele di Bisanzio, ma le quali un manoscritto di Spagna attribuisce formalmente a Moscopolo di Creta. Sì fatte scuole, inserite altresì nel testo di Eusanio, furono ristampate nel 1820, dal professore Graisford con una diligente cura degna della rarità del manoscritto, e con un'defesa degna dei torchi di Odes. Non sappiamo gran fatto a quale dei due Moscopoli si debbano le Scolie su i primi due libri della Iliade, che Chercole aveva fatto stampare a L'Aia nel 1719, in Utrecht, e non, come dice Charles, ad Amsterdam, nel 1720, né tampoco la scelta di Euripide, che ha legge nel principio di parecchie edizioni di tale poeta; ed alcune operette di grammatica, di prosodia e di teologia, rimaste finora inedite. B— SS. Mosè, legislatore dei Ebrei, nacque nella terra di Gessen o Goshen Nel anno 15qq prima di G. C., e fu figlio d'Ammi e di Jocabed, della tribù di Levi, e fratello di Maria e di Aarone. Faraone re d'Egitto aveva ordinato alle levatrici dei suoi stati di affogare tutti i figli maschi che nascevano tra gli Ebrei. Gabriel non poté risolvere il caso per il suo figlio, lo tenne nascosto per tre mesi. In capo a tale termine, vedendo che non era più possibile tenere segreto, pose il fanciullo in una di quelle navicelle di giunchi che erano in uso nell'Egitto, dopo averla intonacata di pece e di bitumen, e l'aposò ai canneti, sulla riva del fiume. Maria, sorella del fanciullo, stava ad una distanza conveniente, per vedere che cosa ne accadesse, quando infine Faraone venne al fiume per bagnarsi o per purificarsi a modo del paese. Vedendo la navicella, mandò una delle sue donne, che ad essa la recò aperta, e trovandovi il bambino, di una bellezza straordinaria, fu commossa dalle sue grida, e s'immaginò che fosse appunto uno dei figli dell'Ebreo. Allora la guardia del bambino avvicinandosi, disse alla figlia di Faraone: "Folate che vada a cercare una donna ebrea che possa allattare questo pargolo?" Ella rispose: "Aiutatemi, Maria, si recò subito ad avvertire sua madre, la quale vi andò e la principessa le diede il fanciullo da nutrire. Quando poté farne sansa della nutrici, Jocabed lo condusse alla figlia di Faraone, che l'adottò per figlio, e lo chiamò Mosè; poiché, disse, lo trassi dall'acqua, Preceduto fede a Dio. Filone, Clemente Alessandrino, e altri scrissero che Mosè, in egiziano, significa acqua salvatrice. Iacco Abarbanel ha che il nome di Mosè (salvato, tratto), gli fosse imposto da Giobbe, all'ebbe lo conosce alla principesca. Aben-Ezra, per lo contrario, crede che il vero nome del faraone fosse Monios, in ebraico, e che Mosè tenne che la traduzione in ebraico. Intendiamo dal discorso del martire santo Stefano, nel libro degli Atti, cap. VII, che Mosè fu educato nella sapienza, cioè nelle scienze degli Egizi, dalla figlia di Faraone, che è chiamata Tinguis da Giuseppe, Meris da Artapano, o dalla cronaca di Alessandria. Filone e Clemente Alessandrino fanno sino all'enneazione delle scienze che furono insegnate a Mosè, e non si limitano a quelle di allora erano coltivate in Egitto. L'autore della storia antica di Mosè, in trentanove parti, riconta, dopo varie altre favole, che fu restituito alla figlia di Faraone in età di tre anni un giorno, quando allora il re si ammogliò, e fece un grande banchetto. Sua moglie lo accolse alla destra, e sua figlia col fanciullo Mosè al centro; e finalmente prese la corona del re, e se la pose in testa. Il mago Balaam, eunuco del re, gli disse: Signore, sovvenagli del tuo sogno, certo lo spirito di Dio è in quel fanciullo. Se vuoi che l'Egitto non sia distrutto, bisogna farlo morire. Il consiglio piacque molto al re, il quale aveva sognato in sogno un vecchio che teneva in mano una bancia in un bacino d'acqua era-no tutti gli abitanti dell'Egitto, e nell'altro un fanciullo di cui il pedone pareggiava quello di tutti gli abitanti. Slavan per uccidere il piccolo Mosè, allorché Iddio mandò l'angelo Gabriele, il quale assunse l'aspetto di un osti dei principi della corte di Farnone, disse al re: Non credo che si debba far morire un infante che non ha ancora discernimento, ma conviene provare se ha discernimento, facendogli da scegliere una perla o un carbone acceso: se sceglie il carbone, sarà una prova che è senz'altro ragione e che non ha avuto malizia prendendo la corona reale; ma se sceglie la perla, sarà una prova che ha discernimento, ed allora si potrà ucciderlo. Intermettendo, gli mise dinanzi a Mosè un carbone acceso ed una perla. Mosè stava per prendere la perla, ma l'angelo gli fermò la mano protendente, e gli fece prendere il carbone, cui avvicinò anche il proprio alla sua bocca. Il fanciullo si abbruciò in lingua e la mano con l'incidente. Joseph non si scosta essenzialmente da tale cronologia: Farnone, egli dice, avendo preso il fanciullo nel suo lenzuolo, per accarezzarlo, ed arrendendosi scherzando, gli mise il suo diadema capo, Mosè lo strappò, lo fece cadere per terra, ed anche lo calpestò. Gli indovini, e soprattutto quelli che avevano superato al re di far perire tutti i figli macchinati che nascessero dagli Ebrei, incominciarono a gridare che certamente era questo il fanciullo, di cui gli dei avevano annunziato la nascita per la rovina della nazione, che bisognava farlo perire. Ma Termuti lo tolse dalle mani del re, e lo sottrasse alla morte che lo minacciava. Artapano, la Cronaca Alessandrina e gli antichi rabbini, narrano ancora altre particolarità dell'infanzia di Mosè. Voltaire ne aveva conoscienza, e che cita anche il tratto dal Antico storico e quello di Giuseppe concluse audacemente che dalla storia sacra di Mosè, avevano quello stesso che dalla storia profana di Ercole; che ogni autore il quale ne ha parlato, vi ha messo molto del proprio o che in linea Mosè potrebbe essere un personaggio mitologico. Giuseppe narra il seguito come Mosè, giunto all'adolescenza, fece l'incarico del comando degli uomini israeliani contro gli Etiopi; come ascese il re d'Etiopia in Saba, e lo convinse a cedergli quella fortezza; come infine sposò Talmi, figlia del principe, e ritornò al governo. Non contro gli Etiopi fecero i rabbini marciare Mosè alla guida degli Egitiani, ma in accordo dal re di Etiopia, contro il quale immaginavano Balaam, Giannete e Mambre stavano ribellati, e impiegavano tutti i mezzi dell'arte loro. Ma l'indovino quanto a questi auguri. Giuseppe fu giunto al suo quarantennale anno, rinunciò alla pompa ed alle ricchezze della corte di Farao, per dividere con ignominia del suo popolo. Testimonio della loro afflizione, ne fu profondamente commosso. Savio ebreo che era malattato da un egiziano e non aveva abbastanza atti intorno a se stesso. L'Egiziano, seppellì il suo corpo nella sabbia. Il giorno dopo incontrò due stranieri che si percuotevano; e disse al più forte: "Perché ti sei perduto, tuo fratello?". Ma rispose: "Chi ti ha istituito su noi principe e giudice? Forse sei per condurci alla morte come ieri uccidesti un Egiziano". Mosè ebbe allora un'illuminazione, non potendo capire come fosse nota la sua azione. Intanto Farao ne ne fu informato, e cercò realmente di far morire Mosè. I rabbini aggiungono che il re vedendo da una finestra decapitato, ma vedendo il corpo cotto dall'artiglieria come una colonna di marmo, e che la spada non poteva offenderlo. Mosè allora uscì di Egitto, e andò presso di Hadian, di là del mar Rosso, sulla sponda orientale, nella Arabia Petraea, verso il monte Sinai. Vi era ad Madiana un sacerdote per nome Ragiel o Jetro, il quale, secondo alcuni antichi, era anche re del paese. Jetro aveva sette figlie le quali andavano ogni giorno a cercare l'acqua, ed avendo empiuto i canali, volevano far bere la gregnia del loro padre. Alcuni pastori che erano sopravvenuti, le cacciarono. Allora Mosè, che era presente, prese la difesa delle fanciulle, e fece bere alla loro mandria. Reduci alla casa del padre, Jetro chiese loro perché il pastore aveva liberato più presto del solito; esse risposero: «Un Egiziano ci ha liberate dalla violenza dei pastori e ci ha anzi tratto del fiume in copia, ed ha dato da bere alle nostre pecore.» — Dove è lui? disse Jetro, perciò lasciaste andare quel cuomo? Chiamatelo, onde abbia qui da mangiare. Mosè acconsenti a rimanere con lui, e Jetro gli diede sua figlia Sefora. Il tale racconto è troppo semplice per i rabbini, e ch'essi hanno dovuto corredarlo di tutto dì che l'immaginazione orientale ha di fare. Chi fosse uno di sapere gli amori di Mosè e di Sefora, non ha che a leggere la Vita di Mosè, per capire. Mosè e Sefora, indi Eleazaro. Lungo tempo dopo il re d'Egitto onorò i figli d'Israele, gemendo sotto il peso delle fatiche onde li teneva oppressi, alzarono le loro grida ai cielo. Dio le loro querele, o si trovano dell'Alleanza che stretta aveva con Abramo, Isacco e Giacobbe. Un giorno che Mosè conduceva a pascolare le gregna di suo suocero, e che lo aveva onorato oltre nel deserto, a fine del monte Oreb, Mosè da lontano un roveto che pareva arderne da solo, senso che il fuoco lo consumasse. Ciò porrebbe a stupore, distese in sé stesso: Andiamo a vedere una grande meraviglia, onde sappia perchè il roveto arda senza alcun combustibile. Ma il Signore, o piuttosto l'angelo che pareva in alto nome, gli dice dal mezzo del roveto: Avvicinati qui; levati le scarpe da piedi per non perderti nel luogo che premi. Sono io il Dio degli avi tuoi. Allora Mosè si ascende il volto, perchè non osava rimirare Dio. L'angelo gli dice: Ho considerato la debolezza del mio popolo; sono disceso per liberarlo dalla schiavitù degli Egitthi, e per farlo entrare in un paese celestiale; io ho scelto le per compiere questa grande impresa; voglio inviarlo a Faraone. Mosè oppone la sua debolezza; ma l'angelo gli promette di essere con lui. Mosè insiste, e chiede il nome di chi gli favorisce. Io sono chi sono, risponde l'angelo. Non mi creeranno, ripiglia Mosè; non resta altro ascoltare la mia voce. - Già per terra la verga che tieni in mano. Mose obbedisce, col loculo in serpente. Prendi quel serpente per la coda, Mosè lo prende, ad un serpente ricorda la verga. Fatto questo, aggiunse l'angelo, onde credano che il Signore ti apparve. Per soprabbondanza di prova l'angelo fece un secondo miracolo, onde convincere quelli che non ascoltavano la voce del primo, e promise di fare opera in tal modo fino al punto convincibile per loro. La Storia delle apparizioni divine fatto a Mosè, da Monceaux, 1692, in la). Mosè oppose una nuova difficoltà, rappresentò la poco facilità che aveva di parlare. E che dici, Angelo! Chi ha fatto la bocca del nutone? Non sono stato io che sono il Signore? Fa dunque, Mosè vedrà quello che avrà da dire, Mosè non si arrese ancora: Manda, egli disse, quello che devi mandare. L'angelo allora si corrucciò contro Mosè. Gli rivolse che suo fratello A-Ale già aveva incontrato a Sinai il suo interprete: Mosè prese congedio da Jetro, e partì con sua moglie e coi suoi figli. Aronne, secondo la parola del Signore, gli andò vicino e gli disse: "Ti ho guidato tuta la notte di Oreb". Mosè accettò teneramente. Mosè gli comunicò la missione di cui era incaricato, e continuò il cammino. Sefora era ritornata a Madian col suo figlio. Al loro arrivo nella terra di Gessen si radunarono il popolo, gli annunziarono gli ordini dei Signore, e gli provarono coli miracoli, come era desolato che li mandava. Di là andarono alla corte di Farao, e lo supplicarono di concedere agli Israeliti il permesso di andare a sacrificare nel Deserto. Lungi da arrendersi a tale preghiera, Farao aggravò ancora più il suo giogo sugli Ebrei a richiedere da loro nuove frizioni. Tali persecuzioni obbligarono a portare le loro lagnanze appresso del trono; ma furono inutili. Il re rispose loro che se non avevano tanto soia non li permissi a andare a sacrificare nel deserto. Gli Israeliti se lo presero con Mosè, cui accusero di averli appesantito con il peso della loro servitude. Il Signore si indirizzò al Signore e gli trasmise le doglianze del suo popolo. Il Signore gli rispose: Ora vedrai cosa farò a Faraone, lo costringerò con la forza del mio braccio a lasciar uscire gli Israeliti. Io so chi sono. Difendo parte mia, ai figli d'Israele: Io vi prenderò per mio popolo, e sarò vostro Dio; caricherò del peso di cui li oppressano, vi metterò in possesso della terra di cui io giurai di dare ai vostri padri. Mosè riferì tale promessa agli Ebrei; ma loro nonuron ravvisato la durezza della loro servitù, e dell'eccesso della loro sventura. Il Signore comandò per allora a Mosè di comparire al compito di Faraone, carico di ascoltare sopra i suoi stati un imperturbabile divino. Mosè fu incaricato di operare in nome del Signore, ed Aronne di spiegare i segni a Re Nefertiti. Clemente Alessandrino dice che le dodici miracoli, chiamati le dodici piacevoli gesta di Mosè, furono alla corte; ed ivi compì otto miracoli, chiamati le otto piacevoli gesta di Mosè. L'autorità di Artapano, che Mosè produsse il nome di Jahvè o Jehovah, in un modo tale da riuscire efficace all'orecchio di Faràone, che questi radici fuori di senso. Il libro dell'Esodo narra che Mosè convertì la verga in serpente, dinanzi a Faraone, e che i maghi del re imitarono tale prodigio, ma che la verga di Mosè divorò i loro. Il giorno dopo trasformò l'acqua del Nilo in sangue, in modo che i pesci morirono, e gli Egittoi furono obbligati di abbeverarsi alla terra lungo il fiume, onde aver acqua da bere. I maghi di Faraone imitarono anche tale secondo prodigio. Sette giorni dopo Mosè coperto tutto il paese di una moltitudine di ragni, i quali entravano nelle case, e vi portavano la maggiore incomodità: uguale imitazione di quello terzo prodigio per parte dei maghi. Egli mandò la piova in interferenza, che tormentarono uomini e le bestie: fu quarta pioggia ma non poté essere l'ultima. I maghi riconobbero altamente che in ciò v'era il dito di Dio; ma il cuore di Faraone si indurì sempre più. Per nona piaga fece spirare un vento ardente, portatore di tante cavallette, che ne fu coperta la superficie della terra e ne provenne molto guasto. Per decima malamente formò tenebre oscuri dente, dove erano palpabili, e l'uno non vedeva l'altro. Tutti i ricordi di Haggel pervenivano confusi a causare scompigli. "Genealogia" dicevano avrebbero avuto successo. Il risollevamento alla libertà partì dagli Israeliti. Per indurcelo, Mosè gli annunciò che il Signore esterminali avrebbe durante la notte tutti i primogeniti degli Egiziani, dall'erede presunto del trono, sino al figlio dello schiavo. L'esecuzione seguì da vicino la minaccia. Al re le grida del popolo forzarono a permettere agli Ebrei di uscire dal giusto. Dalle contraddizioni apparenti tra questi prodigi, quali sono raccontati nel Libro di Mosè, nonché quelle che sembrano altresì dal racconto di Mosè, e da quello di Davide nei suoi Salmi, notate vennero con enfasi da Voltaire (come si concilia finalmente la scrittura). I critici non hanno lasciato desiderare nulla su tal punto (si può consultare principalmente Calmet e la Bibbia di Venceslao, Disertaioni su falsi miracoli; l'abate Guignée, e l'abate du Contat, Esodo spiegato). Prima di uscire dalla terra di Gessen, Mosè ordinò agli Ebrei, per parte del Signore, di rubare agli Egiziani dei vasi d'argento, dei vasi d'oro e delle vesti, onde appropriarseli. Tale condotta del capo del popolo di Dio è stata violentemente censurata dagli storici, e vittoriosamente difesa dagli apologisti della religione, primo dei quali conviene mettere il dotto autore delle Lettere di alcuni Greci portoghesi, ecc. Grozio e Pasolini, Figli di Giacobbe, sotto la condotta di Mosè, uscirono dall'Egitto, 430 anni dopo che i loro progenitori vi avevano lasciato la loro dimora, nel primo accampamento a Ramesse, fu a Socot, piccolo il mare Rosso; il secondo a Kario, al limite della deserto; il terzo a Fihathirot, sulla spiaggia del mare. In quest'ultima stazione corsero Faraone ed il suo esercito, che si erano messi ad inseguire loro. Mosè tenne la sua verga miracolosa, e subito le acque del Nilo si ricongiunsero, per inghiottire Faraone e tutto il suo esercito, che li avevano da tanto gli Ebrei. Hebraico riuscì a riportare una traduzione, in veneto, di quel sublime cantico, fitta da un suo amico. Corvino Laurinmann. Nel deserto di Sin ottenne da Dio, con le sue preghiere, un numero grande di quaglie per la nutrizione del popolo, e quella fece scaturire acqua dal martino, che fu chiamata manna, dalla voce ebraica manna (che cosa è questo), A Raimfed fece scaturire acqua Tivà dal muro roccioso, percuotendolo con la verga vera. Vi trionfò altresì degli Amaleciti, mercè il talento di Giosuè, e vi eresse un monumento della tua vittoria. Jetro, suo signore, andò a visitarlo, e gli ricondusse sua moglie ed i suoi due figli. Il saggio vecchio gli consigliò di scegliere, tra tutto il popolo, degli uomini fermi e coraggiosi, di ripartir tra essi il comando delle tribù, e di affidare loro la distribuzione della giustizia. Dopo che Mosè arrivò a Sinai, dove Dio diede la legge al suo popolo, in mezzo ai lampi, al tuono ed al più terribile apparato. Mosè scese dalla montagna, dove era rimasto quaranta giorni: portava in mano due tavole di marmo, sulle quali erano scritti i dieci comandamenti della legge. Mosè, indignato, uscì per indagare all'uccisione del vitello d'oro che Aronne aveva eretto, durante la sua assenza, ad inchiesta del popolo: fu obbligato di tagliarsi a trave, e ritornò sulla montagna, dove passò altri quaranta giorni. Nei diversi colloqui ch'ebbe con l'Eterno, ricevette di sua bocca i precetti morali, civili e religiosi, che promulgò solennemente, e, secondo i rabbini, le tradizioni, che si trasmisero di mano in mano fino agli autori della Mishnah, che le hanno raccolte. In occasione appunto del vitello d'oro fuso in così breve tempo da Aronne, e ridotto in polvere da Mosè, e come la punizione inoltre di circa ventimila uomini, l'autore non ha sparso nulla per rendere odioso il nome di tale legislatore (V. la spiegazione di tutti questi fatti nelle Lettere del rabbino Gnòsè, e nel Libro dell'abate du Contant). Dopo esser reduce dalla montagna, il suo volto apparve tutto risplendente di un fulgoro divino, di cui portò l'impronta. Mosè non si mosse dalla stazione di Sinai, prima non ebbe terminato il tabernacolo, l'arca d'alleanza, e tutto ciò che serviva al culto del Signore, nonché consacrato il sommo sacerdote, la stirpe sacerdotale ed i leviti. Vi fece altresì l'enumerazione delle tribù d'Israele, assegnando a ciascuna famiglia il lotto che doveva avere mai sempre nella Palestina. Il Signore glorificò il suo servo, coprendolo d'una lebbra vergognosa a Maria ed Aronne, i quali avevano mormorato. Dall'esilio del deserto di Paran Mosè fece partire uno dei principali di ogni tribù, per riconoscere la terra promessa, e ne fece un rapporto esatto. Mosè percosse due volte la rupe con la sua verga, da cui zampillarono acqua. Mosè inviò Ambasciatori al re di Edom, per chiedergli il passaggio a traverso il suo paese; il che gli fu negato. Aronne, osservando morto sulla sponda del fiume Arnon, riconobbe per sommo sacerdote il figlio vestito dei suoi abiti pontificali. In quel tempo circa vinse il re di Arad, che aveva ridotto in cattività alcuni spioni israeliti. Nel giro che convegnne fare per non entrare nel paese di Edom, gli Israeliti meritarono, per la loro indocilità, che il Signore mandasse loro dei serpenti di foschia per divorarli; e non ne furono preservati che dall'erezione d'un serpente di bronzo, che fu esposto agli assalenti di tutti in mezzo al campo. Mosè compose, verso quell'epoca, un cantico che incomincia con queste parole: Cantiamo quello che il Signore ha fatto nel mar Rosso e quello che riguarda le acque del torrente Giordano; ed un altro a Be'er, che incomincia così: Oh fonti, spandete le vostre acque; tali composizioni non esistono più (Deuteronomio, Storia ecclesiastica veteris Testamenti, libro I). Da Faraone fecero chiedere a Sepon, re degli Amorei, un passaggio per il suo paese. Sepon non l'accordò: si entrò di forza, e il suo paese fu messo a sacco. Ug, re di Basan, avendo fatto leva di gente contro Mosè, il Signore glielo diede nelle mani, e lo tagliato a pezzi. Intanto che l'accampamento era accampato a Settim, il popolo s'abbandonò al peccato con le figlie di Moab e di Balian. In esplicita violazione degli ordini di Mosè, egli ordinò la pena di morte contro tutti quelli che furono convinti di fornicazione. Egli non tardò a trasferirsi sulle terre dei Madianiti, la devastazione fu orribile, ed il bottino considerabile. Sembra che Mosè non abbia avuto nessuna parte nella divisione che ne fu fatta. Poco tempo dopo annunciò ai figli d'Israele che quelli che erano usciti d'Egitto dall'età di vent'anni in su non sarebbero entrati nella terra promessa, eccetto Mosè e Galeb. Poco dopo, dietro precise domande, mise in possesso di Galaad le tribù di Gad e di Ruben, e la metà della tribù di Manasse. Il primo giorno dell'undicesimo mese del quarantesimo anno dalla uscita d'Egitto, in una pianura del deserto, tra Paran, Toiel, Labano ed Haserot, ricordò agli Ebrei tutti gli avvenimenti che loro erano toccati, e finì coll'annunciare che il Signore l'aveva avvertito come gli sarebbe tolta la soddisfazione di condurli nel retaggio promesso ai padri loro (Dal libro dei Deuteronomi). Fece in seguito una seconda pubblicazione della legge, cui accompagnò di benedizioni per quelli che vi si conformarono, e di grandi maledizioni per i trasgressori (Deuteronomio, cap. IV-XXX). Non si contentò di pubblicare la legge a viva voce: la fece scrivere in un libro, compose un resoconto ed ordinò di imparare a memoria, e infine di guardare queste parole; Siccome poi ordinò alla fine di quella lettura, che fosse posta davanti a sé. (Deut. cap. XXI). XXXII. Oltre ai chiosatori del Pentateuco, ebe la buona spiegazione, si può distinguere l'opera dello scrittore Bartolomeo Pacini, nella quale si trova molta erudizione. Mosè, cedendosi pronizio alla detta linea, scrisse gli ultimi suoi comandi a ciascuna triade. Salì sulla montagna di Nebo, donde poteva scernere tutto il paese da Gihon a Dan, e si addormentò nel Signore, in età di cento cent'anni. Non aveva sofferto nessuno degli infirmi della vecchiezza. Gli Ebrei lo piansero per trenta giorni. Giosuè fu suo successore. Leggesi nel Deuteronomio, che proprio inalzò più inizialmente i profeti simili a Mosè, a cui il Signore parlò come a lui faccia a faccia, che abbia opera io un orco così suntuoso ed abbia fatto opere così grandi e così meravigliose; nel Libro dei Numeri, cap. XLI, dice che non vi fu uomo più dolce della terra, Mosè, dice l'Esecutivo, cap. XLV, versi 1-6, è stato amato da Dio e dagli uomini, e la sua memoria è in benedizione. Il Signore lo ha attorniato d'una gloria pari a quella dei santi, l'ha reso sguardo e formidabile ai suoi nemici; ed alla sua parola ha fatto cessare le piaghe più sorprendenti. Lo ha elevato in onore davanti ai re, gli ha detto i suoi precetti per suo popolo, e gli ha fatto vedere la sua gloria. Io ho sautilicalo con la lettera e colta la dolcezza che gli ha ispirata, e lo ha scelto di mezzo a tutti gli uomini. Gli ha fatto udire la sua voce, e lo ha introdotto nella nube. Gli ha favellato beechia a festa per dettargli i suoi precetti, i quali contengono la legge della vita e della scienza. L'apostolo san Paolo (Epistola ai Ebrei, cap. XI, versetti 18-19) gli paga ugualmente il suo tributo di lodi. San Giuda narra che il Diavolo ebbe contesa con l'arcangelo Michele in proposito del corpo di Mosè; ma non si trova nulla di simile nel canone giudaico. La disputa di Michele col Diavolo non v'è citata in nessuno dei libri apocriefi, intitolati: Analisi di Mosè, citato da Origene, lib. 3 dei Principi. Voltaire, che ha mostrato un sì violento odio contro gli scrittori sacri, si è particolarmente scatenato contro Mosè. Ha incominciato dal negare la sua esistenza (Dizionario Critico, art. Mosè; Filosofia della storia; Pirronismo della storia). Tuttavia opere hanno trovato pochi partigiani; essa non deve però averne preso i Giudei e presso i Cristiani, i quali vedono ad ogni pagina nei loro libri sacri che Mosè è un personaggio reale e eroico. Voltaire non ha avuto più ragione d'impugnare la certezza dei miracoli operati in Egitto da Mosè, al settimo pretesto che alcuni antichi scrittori non ne hanno parlato. Perché né Sallustio il Fenicio, né Manuzio, né Gerolamo, né Eratostene, né Erodoto, né Diodoro Siculo, che hanno tanto scritto sugli antichi, non hanno detto una sola parola di quei terribili miracoli i quali dovettero la meraviglia di mantenere una memoria durevole, e diffondergli agli uomini di secolo in secolo, ne consegna che tali miracoli non siano stati operati? Che cosa prova il silenzio di alcuni scrittori, intorno ad alcuni fatti, quando sono narrati da tanti altri bene istruiti e documentati? Sui testi che Voltare non fosse bene fornito, intero della non esistenza di Vita o che per lui dovrebbe essere del tutto diverso. Questo è ciò che tornò a spuntare generale: proprio che, in via scrivendo postumo (Dizionario di filosofia, art. "Tusk", in 3), il lettore può dubitare che non sia latto un solo autore tedesco tondo; ragionamento per cui anche l'autore sarebbe salito a farci capire. Morso 8 * fu ik fede? Voltaire segue a passo a fine Mose nei suoi quarantadue accampamenti dopo l'uscita d'Egitto; e ad ogni istante addita nel suo scritto la durezza del gattopardismo degli Ebrei, o la sua maledetta condotta (su tale punto l'abate Gasonée, e l'abate du Cananton de la Moiette). Il filosofo di Parigi non ha il medesimo torto deridendo il sistema del dotto Lessio, il quale ha affermato che Mosè era Bacco; quello dell'abate Guérin du Rocher (Storia vera dei tempi famosi), gli darà ancora più argomento. Quanto alle sue critiche contro la legislazione di Mosè, sono distrutte da alcuni degli autori che ho indicati, e da Selte, Luigi de Dieu, Spencer, Cuneo, Banci, Menocchio, Leydecker, Costantino Leningeneur, da Pastoret (lo scrittore considerato come Legislatore), e soprattutto dal dotto G. D. Michetti, i quali tutti hanno discusso prolungamente tale argomento. Inoltre, il vedere come ne pensava G. W. F. Hegel in Le leggi giudaiche, sempre sussistenti, annunzia ancora al di fuori il principe dell'uomo che l'ha dettata; e mentre la profonda filosofia o il cieco spirito di parte non vede in lui che un fortunato impostore, il vero politico ammira, nelle sue istituzioni, quel grande e potente ingegno che presiede alle ardue fondazioni (Contraddizione sociale, lib. 2, cap. 5). Mosè ha egli scritto il Pentateuco, qual è al presente, come viene da ricercare? Aben Ezra, Maimonide, Spinoza, RabbeINU, Tasse, Ricobaldo Simon, Goree in Liddé. Newton, Middleton, Voltaire, ecc., sono stati d'opinione che Mosè non fosse autore del Pentateuco; ma noi si sono accorti solo scrittore al quale bisognava attribuire. Era lucile di provare che il Pentateuco è l'autore di quello di cui porta il nome; e quale dimostrazione hanno fatto con vagliazioni vari dotti del prime tempo, in tutte le communità cristiane, i Bossuet, i Clemence, i Dipini, i Jurn, i Vichadi, i Rosceliniere, i Duvoisin, ecc. Vediamo in quale modo l'illustre Bossuet espone i motivi che allegano gli avversari, per togliere a Mosè la gloria di avere scritto il Pentateuco. Per l'autenticità della Scrittura, non si può ignorare dissimulare quello che si dice per discreditare le sue antichità. Che cosa dunque si dice per autorizzare la supposizione del Pentateuco? e che si può obiettare alla tradizione di tre mille anni, sostenuta dalle proprie forze e dalla serie delle cose? Nula di bene ordinato, nula di positivo, nulla d'importante; cavilli sopra nomi, sopra luoghi o sopra nomi; e osservazioni tali che, in ogni altra materia, sarebbero tenute al più pettegole e curiosità incapaci di andare al fondo delle cose, ci sono state allegate come decisive e non false più serie che fosse mai! E suffragate le allegazioni degli avversari con quella forza di raziocinio e d'eloquenza che lo caratterizza nei Discorsi sulla Storia universale, e nella parte in cui parla dei libri del Pentateuco. Dopo di aver tentato di togliere il Pentateuco a Mosè, si è andato a spalancare ciascuna delle sue parti. Non v'ha avvenimento sul quale non si sia esercitato lo spirito di evitica. L'assunto di questa Biografia permette di entrare nell'enumerazione dei trattati che furono composti in proposito d'ogni linea del Pentateuco, se si può dirsi così. Tale raccolta ha avuto dei commentatori generali e particolari. Bossuet, suall'aulone di san Girolamo, non trae l'argomento dai teologi, ma dai precedenti di Alfonso, nonché dal linguista Sanz (F. la sua Prima dissertazione sui Salmi). Non è così di alcune altre (per esempio: sarebbe riduttivo il dire che il suo scritto (G. A.) |
f4df81b815bff78bcae20cd7529c0a99_1 | French Open Data | Various open data | RCS non inscrit
BOUCENNA
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DLHYIJJQ3PXXYUGRCHOCEV7YBFGDX4YO_1 | German-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | Erscheint Mittwochs und Sams tags und kostet pro Quartal M. 25 , mit illustrirtem Unterhaltungsblatt M. 75 ; durch die Post bezogen M. 40 , mit illustr. Unterhaltungs blatt 2 M. exel. Bestellgeld. ( Volksblatt für die bergische Gegend. ) Redaction , Druck und Verlag von V. Haake in Bensberg. Anzeigen werden pro 5gespaltene Zeile mit 10 Pfg. , Reclamen pro Zeile 20 Pfg. berechnet. Annoncen Annah men : Rudolph Mosse , Haasenstein & Vogler , Th. Thelen in Cöln , G. L. Daube , Frankfurt etc. Briefe und Gelder werden franco erbeten. Nr. 58. Mittwoch den 21. Juli 1880. Fünfzehnter Jahrgang. Positische Aebersicht. Deutschland. Der Kaiser , der in den letzten Tagen noch den Besuch des Königs und der Königin von Würt temberg und anderer fürstlicher Herrschaften erhalten hatte , hat Mainau verlassen und sich nach Gastein begeben , von wo er am 10. oder 11. August nach Berlin zurückkehren wird. Das Befinden des Kaisers ist vortrefflich , da die Emser Kur außerordentlich gut angeschlagen hat. Fürst Günther von Schwarzburg = Sondershausen , der bereits 79 Jahre alt ist und seit 45 Jahren sein Ländchen regiert , hat wegen seines Augenleidens die Regierung zu Gunsten des Erbprinzen niedergelegt. Der Erbprinz Karl Günther , der jetzt 50 Jahre alt ist , hat die Regierung übernommen und zum Chef der Regierung an Stelle des Staatsministers v. Berlepsch den früheren Reichstagsab geordneten Landrath Reinhardt ernannt. Das Panzergeschwader bestehend aus den Panzerfre gatten „ Friedrich Karl “ , „ Friedrich der Große “ , „ Preußen " , der Panzercorvette „ Sachsen “ und dem Aviso „ Grille “ wird am 26. und 27. d. M. vor dem deutschen Kron prinzen , der sich auf der kaiserlichen Yacht „ Hohenzollern “ in Swinemünde einschiffen wird , auf der Höhe von Arcona manöveriren und dann seine Uebungen , die sich dieses Mal vorwiegend auf die Vertheidigungsweise gegen den Angriff der Torpedoboote einer feindlichen die Küste blockirenden Occupationsflotte beziehen , an der holsteinischen Küste fortsetzen. Die Klagen über die Höhe der Gerichtskosten mehren sich in so hohem Grade , daß der Zeitpunkt wohl kaum noch fern ist , wo eine Herabminderung derselben eintreten wird. Die Klagen und Beschwerden rühren aus allen Ständen und Parteien her. Deutsche Beamte aus dem Verwaltungs = und Justiz fache sind auf den persönlichen Wunsch des Sultans von Deutschland empfohlen und nach Constantinopel geschickt worden , um die administrativen Reformen in der Türkei zu fördern. Die Offiziere sowie die Civilbeamten sollen direct dem Sultan unterstehen. Unter den Beamten ist Regie rungsrath Wettendorf aus Coblenz bereits in Konstanti nopel eingetroffen. : Officiös wird dementirt , daß der Cultusminister die Behörden angewiesen haben sollten , über die moralische Füh rung der Lehrer und deren Stellung im bürgerlichen Leben eingehenden Bericht zu erstatten. Es seien nur die üblichen Berichte eingegangen. Die Mehrzahl der von dem Reichskanzler um die Abgabe eines Gutachtens in Betreff der Einführung obli gatorischer Invaliden = und Alterversorgungskassen ersuchten Bundesstaaten soll die Durchführbarkeit des Projects unter den heutigen Verhältnissen bezweifelt haben. Die Ernteaussichten werden im Großen und Ganzen — Roggen macht leider eine betrübende Ausnahme — als recht erfreulich bezeichnet. Der Roggen hat namentlich in der Provinz Posen erheblich gelitten , in andern Districten , wo die Roggenfelder gleichfalls durch den Frost bedeutend ge litten zu haben schienen , hat sich späterhin der Schaden als viel geringer herausgestellt. Der Generalpostmeister Stephan hat Schritte gethan , um wo möglich eine Ermäßigung der Gebühren für Nach nahmesendungen herbeizuführen. Die im April angefangene Kabellinie Breslau = Berlin soll Ende dieses Monats zum Abschluß gebracht werden. Auf dem Hofpostamte zu Berlin sind für 21. 000 M. Stempelmarken abhanden gekommen. Die Nachricht , sie seien in einem Papierkorbe wiedergefunden worden , wurde widerrufen. Die Lohnerhöhungs = und Arbeitseinstellungsbewegung ist seit einiger Zeit wieder sichtlich im Aufschwung begriffen ; aus verschiedenen Orten werden Beispiele dieser Bewegung berichtet ; in Berlin ist z. B. seit Wochen eine sehr um fangreiche Bewegung dieser Art unter den Tischlergesellen im Gang. Ob man darin die Wirkung eines geschäftlichen Aufschwunges erblicken darf , lassen wir dahingestellt. Be merkenswerth gegen frühere Vorgänge ähnlicher Art scheint die Ruhe und Besonnenheit , die dieser Bewegung jetzt eigen ist und in Aussicht stellt , daß sie zu einer billigen Verstän digung führt. Darin wird man unstreitig eine wohl thätige Wirkung des Socialistengesetzes erkennen dürfen , welches einer Agitation und einem Terrorismus Schranken setzt , die früher diese Arbeiterfragen aufs tiefste verbitterten. Die politischen Verhältnisse in Elsaß = Lothringen werden demnächst einen weiteren Ausbau erfahren. Der Staats rath von Elsaß = Lothringen ist behufs seiner Constituirung zum 28. Juli zum ersten Male einberufen. Derselbe be steht , unter dem Vorsitze des Statthalters , aus dem Staats secretär , den Unterstaatssecretären , dem Präsidenten des Oberlandesgerichts und dem ersten Beamten der Staats anwaltschaft , sowie aus 8 bis 12 Mitgliedern , welche der Kaiser ernennt , und zwar 3 auf Vorschlag des Landes ausschusses , die Uebrigen aus Allerhöchstem Vertrauen , und zwar jedenfalls auf drei Jahre. Die Aufgabe des Staatsraths ist die Begutachtung der Gesetze und der dies bezüglichen Verordnungen. Belgien. Englischen Blättern zufolge beabsichtigt der Papst , eine Encyklika an die belgischen Bischöfe zu erlassen , in welcher er ihr Verhalten billigt und sie zur Beharrlich keit in der Vertheidigung der Kirchenrechte ermuthigt. Oesterreich. Eines großen Erfolges kann sich der deutsche Schulverein rühmen , der sich zur Aufgabe gestellt hat , deutsche Gemeinden zu unterstützen , welche nicht die Mittel haben , ihre deutschen Schule zu erhalten oder eine neue zu gründen. Dieser Verein ist die Fahne , um welche sich die Deutschen des ganzen Reiches sammeln. Zum Aer ger der Polen und Czechen muß der Verein , weil er in der kurzen Zeit seines Bestehens so gewachsen ist , seine Organisation schon jetzt erweitern. — Die Gesammtsumme der für die Szegediner Ueberschwemmten eingelaufenen Spenden beträgt einer amtlichen Zusammenstellung zufolge 5,433,712 Mark. — In Wien hat Kaiser Franz Josef die niederösterreichische Gewerbeausstellung feierlich eröffnet. — Zum österreichischen Bundesschützenfest sind zahlreiche deutsche Schützen aus Süd = und Mitteldeuschland und vom Rheine in Wien angekommen. — Zwischen österreichischen Gendarmen und russischen Grenzkosaken hat ein Konflict stattgefunden. Letztere wollten zwei Verhaftete gewaltsam fortführen , wurden aber durch auf sie abgegebene Schüsse verjagt. Schweiz. Der Gotthardtunnel kann erst bis zum 30. April 1881 ( anstatt 1. October 1880 ) vollendet sein. Die Kosten werden noch 7,100,000 Frcs. betragen. Da für den Fall , daß der Tunnel nicht am 1. October fertig werden sollte , große Conventionalstrafen festgesetzt sind , wird die Unternehmung in Summa 1,100,000 Frcs. Conven tionalstrafe zahlen müssen. Frankreich. Die französischen Blätter der letzten Tage wußten nur von den Festlichkeiten zu berichten , welche am 14. Juli in Paris und in den größeren Städten Frank reichs veranstaltet worden sind. Nach diesen Berichten muß Paris am 14. Juli wie die Hauptstadt eines reichs ausgesehen haben. Die Vertheilung der 436 Fah nen , bei welcher Gelegenheit der Präsident der Republik eine daheim von fast allen Parteien wie auch im Auslande wegen ihres friedlichen Inhalts allgemein belobte Rede hielt , die Revue über 36,000 Soldaten , die offiziellen und privaten Empfänge und Bälle , die großartigen Feuerwerke , die glänzende Illumination in der mit Fahnen geradezu überdeckten Stadt , die Musikaufführungen auf etwa 200 Plätzen , wo das Volk den ganzen Tag und spät in die Nacht hinein tanzte , Alles verlief so ruhig , so glatt , so ohne jede Störung , daß , wie verlautet , auch nicht eine einzige Verhaftung vorgenommen zu werden brauchte. — Die Radicalen hatten ihre angedrohten Demonstrationen unterlassen. Nur einige radicale Blätter sind in rothem Druck erschienen. Rochefort hat von seiner ersten Nummer des „ Intransigeant “ 120,000 Exemplare verkauft. — Die Session des Senats und der Deputirtenkammer ist geschlos sen worden. In der Ansprache , mit welcher der Senat geschlossen wurde , heißt es : „ Sie können sich jetzt mehr wie jemals mit Ruhe den Arbeiten friedlicher Wiedergeburt überlassen , welche der Gegenstand aller Ihrer Gedanken sind und deren Weiterführung der Regierung der Republik am Herzen liegt. Italien. In der Erwiderung auf eine Inierpellation erklärte der Premierminister Kairoli , er glaube , daß die Türkei den einstimmigen Beschluß der Mächte annehmen werde. Die Einmüthigkeit der Mächte sei ein Zeichen für den allgemeinen Wunsch , den Frieden zu erhalten. Uebri gens werde Italien seine Rechte und seine Interessen zu wahren wissen. England. Der Antrag des Parlamentsmitgliedes Briggs , welcher dahin ging , daß die Regierung nicht dul den möge , daß zum Andenken an den Prinzen Louis Na poleon ein Denkmal in der Westminsterabtei , die nur zur Aufnahme von Denkmälern für hervorragende Briten be stimmt sei , errichtet werde , wurde , obgleich die Regierung den Antrag beanstandet hatte , mit 171 gegen 116 Stim men angenommen. — Bei Newport in der Grafschaft Mont mouth sind bei einer Kohlengrubenexplosion etwa 120 Ar beiter ums Leben gekommen. — Die Räumung Kabuls seitens der Engländer ist in vollem Gange , da die Eng länder ihre Truppen an der indisch = afghanischen Grenze concentriren wollen. Gegen Mitte August werden nach einer Meldung aus Kabul die englischen Truppen die afghanische Hauptstadt verlassen. Jedenfalls wird nach dem Abmarsch der Engländer ein großes Chaos in Afghanistan entstehen und es würde entschieden ein ungeheurer Fehler sein , wenn England nach so viel Mühen und Kosten , welche die Er oberungen Afghanistans verursacht hat , Afghanistan aufgäbe. Türkei. Der deutsche Botschafter hat am 18. Juli als Doyen des diplomatischen Corps der Pforte die Kollek tivnote der Botschafter der sechs Mächte überreicht. Die Antwort dürfte frühestens zu Anfang des nächsten Monats erfolgen. Der Sultan hat einstweilen Berathungen über die erhaltene Note ange ordnet. Man will indessen doch schon wissen , wie die Ant wort , die erste wenigstens , ausfallen wird. Die Türkei wird sich bereit erklären , an Griechenland eine Grenzzone zu überlassen , aber nicht die von der Conferenz gezogene Grenze. Die Pforte wird anfänglich wenigstens nicht auf Janina , Barissa , Preresa und Metzewo verzichten wollen. — In der montenegrinischen Frage hat Abeddin Pascha , die zweite diesbezügliche identische Note erwidernd , erklärt , daß die Pforte , da die Bevölkerung des Districtes Dul cigno aus Mohamedanern bestehe , die Abtretung dieses Districtes nicht bewilligen könne ; sie wolle aber ein gleich großes Gebiet zwischen dem See von Skutari und dem adria tischen Meere abtreten. Griechenland. In Athen ist die Note der Konferenz mächte vom englischen Gesandten überreicht worden. Der Minister Trikupis antwortete sofort mit einer Note , worin erklärt wird , daß Griechenland die Entscheidung der Groß mächte annehme. Der Wortlaut der Note ist gleichzeitig amtlich veröffentlicht worden. Im Laufe des Tages wurde in allen Kirchen ein Tedeumsgottesdienst abgehalten , am Abend war die Stadt glänzend illuminirt. Amerika. Garfield hat die ihm angetragene Präsident schaftscandidatur officiel angenommen und zu dem Pro gramm der republikanischen Partei seine Zustimmung gege ben. Er hält die Rechte der Nation aufrecht , verwirft das Prinzip der Staatssuprematie und erklärt , daß die Wahl gesetze ausgeführt , die Rechte der Wähler allenthalben ge wahrt und die Stimmen ehrlich gezählt werden sollen. — Ein chilenisches Geschwader ist vor Callao eingetroffen und wird die zur Cernirung der Stadt erforderliche Truppen zahl gelandet werden , wenn die Regierung von Peru die von Chili aufgestellten Friedensbedingen nicht annehmen solle. — Die Baumwollenernte wie die Getreideernte ver sprechen den Durchschnittsstand mehrerer vorhergehender Jahre zu übertreffen. Feuilleton. Verloren und wieder gewonnen. ( Fortsetzung. ) Da hatte ich mich in eine schöne Sackgasse verrannt. uunge musche geuach. wrrsihg de Zei , ich tale mehr , als ich vernünftig sprach , erxeichte aber nichtsdesto weniger meine Absicht. Julie warf mir , wie ich wohl bemerkte , einige verstohlene , sehr eigenthümliche Blicke zu , ihre Schwester , die mich stets für einen wohlerzogenen jungen Mann gehalten , schien über meine plötzliche Um wandlung mehr als erstaunt zu sein , und nur mein kleiner Backsisch merkte von dem Allen nichts , er war zufrieden , eine Eroberung gemacht zu haben. Papa und Mama Berger tuschelten leise miteinander und rieben sich froh lächelnd die Hände , und Fräulein Emilie strafte mich nun erst recht mit tiefer Verachtung. Weiter schreibe ich von den Erlebnissen dieses Abends Nichts , denn am nächsten Morgen erinnerte ich mich nur noch , daß ich wie wahn sinnig getanzt und Fräulein Clara Berger fast keinen Augenblick verlassen hatte. III. Ein Ball ist schön , aber kein Ball ist besser , sage ich , und jeder wird mir darin beistimmen , der sich und seine Gedanken am Morgen nach einer solchen Festivität in seinem stillen Kämmerlein versammelt. Es würden einem Lazarus ganz absonderliche Gedanken durch den Kopf gehen , wenn dieser nicht ganz und gar mit einer Schicht von Tönen umgeben und bedeckt wäre , die jedes klare Denken und Empfinden unmöglich machten. Erst eine halbe Stunde nach dem Erwachen reichlich ist es möglich , die Tollheiten , das leere Portemonnaie , die lahmen Beine und die Liebe im Herzen zu beseufzen , denn die Tanzbodenliebe wird auch gar leicht matt und und schal. Ich überlegte mir genau : „ Was hast du eigentlich gethan ? Was ist eigent lich geschehen ? Hast du Julie oder Clara einen Liebes oder gar Heirathsantrag gemacht ? Bist du nur von einer oder von beiden ausgelacht ? “ Allmählich rief ich mir die Vorgänge des Festabends noch einmal genauer ins Ge dächtniß zurück und beruhigt , daß die entscheidende Schlacht noch nicht geschlagen war , kleidete ich mich rasch an und eilte ins Geschäft und hatte im Strudel der Arbeit bald Tanzen und Träumen vergessen. Viele meiner Freunde und Bekannten , noch mehr meine reizenden Freundinnen , aus Höflichkeit sage ich so , haben es mir oft zum Vor wurf gemacht , daß mir alle und jede poetische und ideale Auffassung des täglichen Lebens abgehe , daß ich stets nur den Verstand , niemals aber das Herz sprechen lasse und meine ganze Umgebung nur mit dem prüfenden und kalten Auge der Kritik , aber niemals mit schwungvoller Begeiste rung zu betrachten pflege. Die Bemerkung mag richtig sein , aber ein solcher Charakter hat auch seine guten Seiten. Was hilft alle Morgen = und Sonnenröthe der Poesie und des Idals , wenn die nackte und unerbittliche Wirklichkeit durch alle diese schönen Phantasie = und Traum bilder mit fester Hand einen häßlichen dicken Strick zieht. Ich sitze , während ich diese Zeilen schreibe , in einer pracht vollen Weinlaube , die dicht mit dem saftigen grünen Laub umrankt ist und der lieben Sonne nur schwachen Zutritt gestattet. Es fällt ein Weinblatt auf mein Manuscript. Ist es eine Mahnung von diesem Thema abzubrechen , weil es sündhaft ist , der Menschheit den Glauben und die Hoffnung zu rauben , oder deshalb , weil ich vielleicht langweilig zu werden anfange ? Ich schreibe mir sofort beide Mahnungen hinter die Ohren und gebe meinem Gedankenfluge etwas weniger freien Spielraum. Ich beginne also nochmals : Es war am Morgen , nach den im vorigen Kapitel erzählten Ereignissen. Mir brummte der Kopf , weniger von Wein als von Liebe oder von nicht erhörter Liebe. Wasser will dagegen ebenso wenig helfen als saurer Hering , und der herbste Katzenjammer , den man haben kann , ist der der gekränkten Eigenliebe. Das war mir allerdings nun in sehr gehörigem Maße passirt , obgleich ich mir selbst sagen mußte , daß mir sehr recht und nur ebenso geschehen sei , wie allen denen , die Luftschlösser bauen , bei denen das Fundament das liebe einzige „ Ich “ bildet. Ich wollte mit einem Schlage Alles gewinnen , da kam das Fatum in Gestalt der Frau Commissionsräthin und warf meinen Kartenbau mit einem leisen Hauch über den Haufen. „ Die Eine verloren , die Andere nicht gewonnen , mußte ich mir noch dazu ganz betrübt sagen. Denn beim Abschied am gestrigen Abend , als ich meiner Tänzerin meine devoteste egleitung in allen Ehren anbieten wollte , klang mir ein herbes „ Non possumus “ von ihren Lippen entgegen , und lautete modernisirt : „ Ach nein , was sollen die Leute denken. “ Man sieht , das Kind war gut geschult. So unscheinbar und bedeutungslos die Worte auch waren , so wenig ein Unbetheiligter auch darin gesucht hätte , ich ver stand mich besser auf die Räthel dieser Sphinx und rieth auch , wie ich in der Folgezeit ersah , ganz richtig. „ Was sollen die Leute davon denken “ heißt weiter gar nichts als : „ Mein Herr , was denken Sie von mir , daß ich mit einem Fremden hier rc. , wir sind so freundlich gewesen , aber mich erobert , o nein , so weit sind wir noch lange nicht. Erst müssen Sie sich Mühe geben , um mich zu gewinnen , und vor allen Dingen Farbe bekennen , wie , wann und wo ? “ Das war bitter. Wo blieb nun meine Berühmtheit , meine Angesehenheit , mein gesellschaftlicher Ruf ? Nur das Tanzbein zu schwingen , dafür hielt ich mich etwas zu gut , und was wollte ich sonst noch ? Mit diesen und ähnlichen Gedanken war ich in das Geschäft gegangen , aber die Arbeit hatte mich bald wieder einigermaßen kurirt , und diese krankhaften Anschauungen gemildert. So wurde es Mittag und allmählich die Zeit der Visitenstunde. Geschwind corrigirte ich meinen Anzug mit Hilfe von Bürste und einem dienstbereiten Laufburschen etwas und machte mich auf den Weg , um mich nach dem Befinden meiner Holden zu erkundigen , mit Fläuten und Singen und alleweil sidel. Ich war unschlüssig , sollte ich auch Julie besuchen ? Nein , das Mädchen hatte mich zu schnöde abgewiesen , es wäre eine zu tiefe Demüthigung meinerseits gewesen , wenn ich sie wieder aufgesucht hätte ,ichschlug michlinks in die Büsche zum Commissions = Rath. Eine einfache Visitenkarte erfüllte bei meiner Ungetreuen nebst Familie die Formen der Höflich keit. An der Corridorthüre zögerte ich. Wie Herkules stand ich am Scheidewege , wenn auch ohne Löwenhaut und Keule , aber diese zerschmetternde Waffe des alten mythischen Helden glaubte ich gegen die zarten Wesen drinnen doch nicht anwenden zu können. Sollte ich oder sollte ich nicht gehen ? Der Verstand sagte : „ Frage dich einmal selbst , was kann aus der ganzen Geschichte werden ? Wenn du auch vielleicht alt genug dazu bist , um nach einigen Jahren Brautstandes in das Eheleben hineinspringen zu können , wenn der Vater dir auch wohl seine Tochter in Anschlag deiner sonstigen und pecuniären Vorzüge geben dürfte , was hast du davon ? Liebst du sie wirklich , ganz aufrichtig , wie es sein soll und sein muß , wenn das Leben mit ihr für dich ein Glück und nicht eine Last sein soll ? “ „ Ach was, “ rief der jugendliche Leichtsinn , „ wer denkt denn überhaupt an ' s Heirathen , eine einfache Höflichkeits visite ist doch noch lange kein Heirathsantrag. “ „ Alter Junge, “ redete der Verstand wieder ernsthaft zu , „ nimm dich in Acht und laß dich nicht in ein Scheingefecht mit mir ein. Wie schließlich Alles werden wird , weißt du ebenso gut wie ich , also sei vorsichtig und lauf , so schnell dich deine Beine tragen , davon. Richtig , da stand ich schon rechtsum kehrt und im Sturmschritt wollte ich die Treppe hinabeilen , da bemerkte ich , daß mir der Rückzug abgeschnitten sei. Der Herr Commissionsrath kam pustend und keuchend die Treppe hinauf ; er war nicht das , was man einen „ Dicken “ nennt , nein durchaus nicht , so etwas zu sagen verbietet schon die Delikatesse gegen einen Mit angehörigen meines eigenen Geschlechts , aber es machte ihm keinen Spaß mehr eine Treppe hinaufzustürmen , in dem man immer zwei Stufen überschlägt. Er war über rascht und nicht erfreut , als er mich sah , da ich augen scheinlich wieder fortzugehen im Begriff war. ( Forts. ) Xenien. von Germann Mäurer. Lebensluß. Soll das Leben dich erfreuen Und der Tag zum Glück dir frommen : Habe heut nicht zu bereuen , Was du gestern unternommen ! Die Arbeit. Es ist die Arbeit uns von Gottes wegen Hier auferlegt zu unserm Heil , Und wer da redlich schafft , dem wird der Segen , Den er drein legte , auch zu theil. — versicht. Sich mit Muth in guten Zeiten Auf das Schlimmste vorbereiten , Heißt nach allen seinen Seiten Vorsichtsvoll das Leben leiten. — Alles kann sehlen. Wagst du mit Zuversicht Auf Etwas zu zählen , Kennst du das Leben nicht , Denn Alles kann fehlen. Ein Abenteuer in Australien. Aus dem Leben eines geheimen Polizisten. ( Fortsetzung. ) Es war in diesem Momente , daß ich bei einer Bewe gung , um nachzusehen ob ein Säckchen , welches Handschellen und andere nützliche Werkzeuge meiner Profession enthielt , nicht etwa aus dem Gig gefallen sei , plötzlich einen son derbaren Gegenstand gewahrte , der aus einer Tasche meiner Gefährtin herorragte. Konnte es möglich sein ? — Ich blickte zum Zweitenmale. Ja ! es war der stahlbeschlagene Griff einer Pistole — ein leibhaftiger Colts Revolver ! — Ich erkannte ihn im Augenblick an der Form und konnte mich kaum bemeistern , einen Laut der Ueberraschung auszustoßen. Aber ich schwieg dennoch ! Ich warf einen Blick in das Gesicht seines Eigen thümers und konnte nun im klaren Mondlicht erkennen , daß die tiefen Runzeln der Backen geschickt mit gebrann tem Kork aufgetragen , und die losen Stränge des grauen Haares das Blendwerk einer Perrücke waren. Es war klar : ich war in eine Falle gerathen ! — Meine eigenen Waffen hatte ich in der Brusttasche meines zugeknöpften Rockes. — Wollte ich die Zügel oder die Peitsche fallen lassen , so würde dies Verdacht bei dem Bushranger * ) ( denn ich bezweifelte keineswegs mehr diese Eigenschaft meiner Gefährtin ) erweckt und ich , ehe ich noch meine eigenen Waffen bereit haben konnte , eine Kugel durch meinen Kopf gehabt haben. Trotzdem , daß die Conversa tion mit der kreischenden Stimme eines alten Weibes noch fortgeführt wurde , bemerkte ich doch auch , daß ein vor sichtiger Ueberblick der Umgegend genommen wurde , und daß eine Hand die Tasche suchte und unter dem zer rissenen Plaid den Griff des Revolvers faßte. „ Was Kraft nicht vollbringt , muß List ersetzen ! “ ist ein alter Grundsatz meiner Profession , und so rief ich plötz lich mich umwendend : „ ich fürchte , mein Pferd hat einen Stein zwischen einem seiner Eisen , Mutter. Ihr fürchtet Euch doch nicht , eine Minute die Zügel zu halten , damit ich herunterspringen und nachsehen kann ? Wollt Ihr ? “ Die sorglose und zugleich ermuthigende Weise in wel cher ich sprach , ließ meinen Gefährten seine Wachsamkeit vergessen. Ich hielt an und reichte ihm Peitsche und Zü gel. Dann aufstehend , als wollte absteigen , riß ich plötz lich den Revolver aus seiner Tasche und richtete ihn auf seinen Kopf , ausrufend : „ Ihr seid mein Gefangener ! Rührt Hand oder Fuß und ich blase Euch das Gehirn aus ! “ „ Faith ! Herr Polizeier ! Ihr seid ' s diesmal , der ' s Beste von uns Beiden hat ! “ erwiderte eine weniger weib * ) Straßenräuber oder Buschräuber. liche Stimme. „ Aber arretiren könnt Ihr mich doch Ihr habt keine Beweise , daß ich Uebles wollte. “ „ Ich werde für meine Handlungen einstehen , Junge ! Jetzt versteht mich recht : gehorcht mir Wort Wort , und keine Hinterlist. Mein Finger ist am Dru bedenkt das ! “ „ All right , your honor ! “ antwortete der Sch vollkommen überzeugt. „ Auf dem Sitze hier seht Ihr ein Säckchen. — die Zügel los , das Pferd läuft nicht davon. Steckt # # Peitsche in den Halter ! — Gut ! Nun denn , der Sach offen , was seht Ihr darin ? “ „ Handschellen , Ew. Gnaden ! und verflucht mögen aber Pore und ener auf selbs Sch ) Tän Gbei0 sein 6 1007 eine in Gre ja zu Sti den gen Erl ma die fro du rei ni sie 98 „ Schlüssel im Schloß ? “ „ Ja , Ew. Gnaden. “ „ Dann legt sie an ! “ Der Mann zögerte. Legt sie an oder ich feuere ! “ Diesmal folgte der Kerl. „ Nun haltet Eure Hände so , daß ich die schellen mit meiner linken Hand schließen kann ! “ Auch dies that er Den Lauf des Revolvers grade auf seine Stirn tend und meine Augen nicht von ihm abwendend , er blickte unheilbrütend , schloß ich seine Armspangen meiner linken Hand und steckte den Schlüssel in me Westentasche. Dann nahm ich einen festen Strick aus Sacke , legte meinen Revolver auf den Sitz und band Arme und Beine. „ Nun , mein gutes , altes Frauchen, “ sagte ich , n dem es beendet , „ das nächste Mal , daß Ihr wieder Markte geht , verspätet Euch nicht mit Eurem Nachha gehen. Diesmal will ich Euch vor den Prügeln des a Mannes schützen , aber ich werde nicht immer im Stan sein , dies zu thun ! “ „ Verflucht mögt Ihr sein , Ihr händelsuchender Narr , war seine Antwort. „ Das nächste Mal mag das Spiel in me ner Hand sein ; wenn so , dann paßt auf , mein Herzchen Ich gab ihm keine Antwort darauf , sondern ergn eben die Zügel wieder — denn das Abenteuer hatte mi aufgehalten und ich kam gewiß zu spät nach der Schäft hütte — als sich mein Pferd , vor einem Schaf erschreckend , we ches sich zwischen dem Gesträuch zeigte , herumwarf , und ich es noch zügeln konnte , die Straße bereits verlasse hatte und im tollen Galopp mit uns über die Ebene jag Es war ein Glück , daß die Bäume hier nicht sehr di standen , oder der Gig würde dagegen gerannt sein — eis 1 Umstand , der mir nichts weniger als angenehm erschien So , wie es zufällig war , ging es noch. Der Rasen wa fast eben wie eine Kegelbahn , und die Rinde der vereinzel stehenden Bäume so weiß , daß das geängstigte Pferd si von selbst vermied. Die einzigen üblen Folgen diese „ Durchgehens " bestanden nur darin , daß zur Zeit , als ich die Zügel wieder fest in den Händen hatte , wir weit weg von der Heerstraße waren , mit der Unwahrscheinlichkeit sie wieder zu finden. Diese Wahrscheinlichkeit , gestaltete sich bald zur Unmöglich keit , da der Mond sich wieder verbarg. Der Himmel nahm wieder sein bleiernes Gewand an , jeden Augenblick wurde die Finsterniß dicker. Es schien mir jetzt nöthig , den Gig zu verlassen , da ich ihn nicht mehr für sicher hielt und kaum sehen konnte , wohin ich das Pferd leitete. Ich machte daher meines Gefangenen Arme frei und nöthigte ihn mit vorgehaltenem Revolver , mein Pferd abzuzäumen , — eine Operation , welche seine zusammengeketteten Hände zwar schwer , aber nicht unmöglich machte. oder minder beschleunigter Verbrennungsproceß ). Diese Porenthätigkeit ( der Schweiß ) tritt nur bei Bedarf ein , und je dringlicher die Flüssigkeit nothwendig ist , desto energischer fungiren die Schwitzgeister. Sie warten nicht auf unsern Ruf , sondern kommen von selbst , um zu helfen , selbst wenn wir sie nicht haben wollen. Es ist sehr gut , daß man nicht aus Eitelkeit den Schweiß zurückhalten kann , manche verhitzte vornehme Tänzerin würde es thun und sich dadurch in Gefahr stürzen , Gesundheit und Leben einzubüßen. Wenn der Schweiß uns nicht zu Hilfe käme , würde man hohe Temperaturen nicht aushalten können. In einem warmen Bad kann man kaum 35 Grad ertragen ; in den heißen Dampfbädern überschreitet man selten 45 Grad ; dagegen mag man trockene Ofenhitze von 50 , 100 ja 130 Grad zu ertragen ohne große Unbequemlichkeiten zu empfinden. Allerdings rieselt dann der Schweiß in Strömen am ganzen Körper hinunter und bildet über demselben eine flüssige Hülle , deren Verdunstung eine genügende Abkühlung bewirkt , um der außerordentlichen Erhöhung der Temperatur das Gegengewicht zu halten. Weite und leichte Kleider sind unentbehrlich , wenn man der Hitze Widerstand leisten will. Das sollten sich die Erntearbeiter gesagt sein lassen , und nicht danach fragen , ob die Ortssitte eine engere oder schwerere Klei dung mit sich bringt. Die indische Armee verlor Jahr aus Jahr ein zahl reiche engliche Officiere , weil diese die anliegende Uniform nicht mit den weiten Gewändern vertauschen wollten , wie sie die Eingeborenen tragen. Die Blouse , wie sie in Frankreich seit den Zeiten der Gallier bis auf unsere Zeit getragen wird , ist die passendste Arbeiterkleidung. Sie hat als solche sich in zwei Jahrtausenden unendlich oft bewährt. In Deutschland ist sie vorwiegend bei Fuhrleuten unter dem Namen „ Kittel “ üblich , verdiente jedoch allgemeiner getragen zu werden. Was nun die Ernährung in der heißen Zeit betrifft , so ist dieselbe auf dem Lande ohnedies vorwiegend aus Pflanzenkost und Früchtegenuß zusammengesetzt , welche Nah rungsweise also nicht noch empfohlen zu werden braucht. Warnen muß man nur noch vor dem Genuß unreifer oder halbreifer Früchte , weil dieser so ungemein häufig Störungen in den Unterleibsfunktionen , ( Diarrhöe , Cho lerine , Dyssenterie oder Blutabweichen ) herbeiführt. In Bezug auf Getränke ist es gut , einige Vorsicht zu beobachten , um so mehr als die gewöhnliche Wirkung der Hitze die Erzeugung eines lebhaften Durstes ist , dessen Befriedigung die als Schweiß ausgeschiedene Feuchtigkeit ersetzen soll. Es gibt übrigens ein Mittel , sich den Mund vor dem Austrockenen zu bewahren , wenn man nichts zu trinken hat. Reisende in heißen Ländern wenden dasselbe gern an. Sie nehmen nämlich einen kleinen Kiesel in den Mund , welcher auf die Speicheldrüsen einen Reiz übt und so die Mundhöhle feucht erhält. Der Durst wird dadurch beträchtlich gemildert. Man thut gut , einen Feuerstein kiesel vom Umfang einer Bohne zu wählen , und zwar einen Stein der keine scharfen Kanten hat , für den Fall , daß man ihn verschlucke. Ein kleiner , glatter Kiesel wird ohne Gefahr wieder ausgeschieden , ein kantiger aber könnte in den Eingeweiden Unheil anrichten. Uebrigens soll man im Sommer nicht viel trinken auch bei durstigem Wetter. Nur beim Essen ist es angezeigt ; man vermeide es aber nach Möglichkeit , sich auf sogenanntes „ reines Wasser “ zu beschränken , denn es enthält oft Unreinheiten genug. Als Sommergetränk empsiehlt man gewöhnlich Limo nade oder Wasser mit Essig vermischt , ( einen Eßlöffel voll Essig auf ein Liter Wasser ) ; hier und da mischt man auch zwei Eßlöffel voll Branntwein oder Rum mit einem Liter Wasser. Diesen Getränken ist der Kaffeeaufguß vorzuziehen und zwar in der Weise , daß man auf ein Liter Wasser einen Eßlöffel voll gemahlenen Kaffee ' s nimmt , ( ein dünner aber auch nur für den Durst berechneter Trank ) dazu eine leichte Beigabe von Branntwein. Dieses Getränk , welches man in einem Steinkrug aufs Feld trägt und dort irgendwie kühl stellt ( etwa in eine tiefe Furche oder unter einem Haufen Kräuter ) , genießt man am zweck mäßigsten , indem man alle Stunden oder alle zwei Stunden ein Glas voll trinkt. Der Kaffee = Aufguß stärkt die Mus keln , vermindert die Transspiration , drängt das Blut aus dem Gehirn , kommt den Verdauungswerkzeugen zu Gute und verhütet innerliche Störungen des Organismus. Uebri gens trinke man keinen Eiskaffee , so lange der Körper Schweiß ausscheidet. Die jähe Erkältung durch Trinken eisigen Getränkes in der Hitze kann die heftigsten Unterleibserkrankungen , darunter die sogenannte Miserere = Kolik zur Folge haben und den Tod herbeiführen , wie so manche Beispiele zeigen. — Aus diesem Grunde hütet man sich auch , den Pferden , wenn sie vom Laufen erhitzt sind , ganz kaltes Wasser vom Brunnen zu geben. In den Städten , wo unvorsichtige Lohnkutscher diese unsinnige Praxis oft befolgen , schwitzende Pferde kaltes Wasser saufen zu lassen , sieht man diese Thiere oft plötzlich umfallen und an schrecklichen Kolikan fällen umkommen. Sehr vernünftig ist es , ehe man in der Hitze trinkt , Mund und Kehle mit einigem Wasser auszuspülen. Oft genügt diese Anfeuchtung allein , den Durst zu mildern ; man wiederhole das Ausspülen des Mundes lieber , als daß man Getränk in Masse hinuntergießt ; denn oft genügt die Masse doch nicht , um die gewünschte Wirkung der Durstlosigkeit herbeizuführen. Die Ernte = Arbeiter thun auch gut , sich von Zeit zu Zeit Hände und Gesicht zu waschen , wozu irgend ein fließendes Wasser in der Nähe des Feldes wohl Ge legenheit bietet. Findet sich in der Nähe des Erntefeldes kein Wasser , so gibt es eine seltsame Art sich zu erfrischen , deren Wirksamkeit übrigens gerühmt wird. Man soll nämlich jenes beinahe dreieckige Stück der Ohrmuschel , welches oberhalb des Gehörganges sich befindet , ( und medicinisch Aragus heißt ) mit Speichel anfeuchten und zwar an der Außenseite ; dann wird man eine merkliche Erleichterung des Durstes und der Trockenheit fühlen. Auch die an die Ohrmuschel angrenzenden Theile des Gesichts suche man zu befeuchten. Die Luft , welche man athmet , kann man durch Priesen pulverisirten Kampfers erfrischen , dessen Verdunstung in der Nase eine Kühle bewirkt , die bis zu den Lungen em pfunden wird. Der Schweiß , welcher ein Schutzmittel gegen sehr hohe Temperatur ist , kann gefährlich werden , wenn man sich im Schatten befindet , oder nach Sonnenuntergang , wenn man in ruhender Lage ist. In solchen Fällen hat man sich vor Erkältungen in Acht zu nehmen. Baumwollene Hemden bewahren viel besser vor Erkältung als leinene ; das sollten sich die Landleute merken. Sobald man durchschwitzt nach [ Hause kommt , soll man trockene Wäsche anlegen. In der Zwischenzeit hüte man sich , schweißgetränkt stille zu stehen. Lieber gehe man also zu Fuß nach Hause , als daß man sich fahren läßt ( auf dem Ernte = Wagen ) und sich dabei erkältet. — Lassen aber die Umstände es nicht zu , der Erkältung durch Be wegung vorzubeugen , so gibt es wieder ein kleines Mittel , das schützt : man stelle sich Rücken an Rücken mit einer andern Person. Man erhält so gegenseitig die Wärme auf der Rückseite des Körpers , wo sie am nöthigsten ist ; denn die Rückseite ist empfindlicher als die Brustseite. Gegen eingetretene Erkältungen wende man heiße Getränke ( Grog , Glüh = Wein ) an. — Schließlich sei noch der Gewitter gedacht. Man stelle sich während derselben nicht unter die Bäume , trage keinen Metallgegenstand mit der Spitze nach oben , bleibe den Telegraphendrähten fern und suche in keinem Heuhaufen Schutz , wenn man die Unfälle durch Blitzschlag vermeiden will. Den vom Blitz Getroffenen reibe man mit nassen Tüchern , auch wenn er schon todt scheint. — Dr. H. George. Vermischtes. * Mülheim a. Rh. , 18. Juli. Die hiesigen höhern Lehranstalten er halten nach dem Etat pro 1880/81 folgende städtische Zuschüsse. Die Realschule I. Ordnung 25,492 M. und die höhere Töchterschule 7400. , zusammen 32,892 M. Nach dem Verwaltungsberichte pro 1879/80 wurde die Realschule von 268 und die Töchterschule von 112 Schü lern besucht. Jeder Schüler der Realschule kostet also , die gleiche Frequenz für das lausende Etatsjahr angenommen , die Stadt 95 M. 12 Pfg. ; jede Schülerin der Töchterschule 66 Mark. Die Ele mentarschulen zählten Ende 1879 2791 Schüler , 2288 katholische und 503 evangelische. Die im Etat ausgeworfenen Zuschüsse be trugen für die katholischen Schulen 55,362 M. und für die evan gelischen 14,106 M. Es kostet also die Stadt jeder Elementar schüler nur 24 M. 89 Pfg. * Köln , 18. Juli. Die Rechts = Consulenten von Rheinland und Westfalen halten im nächsten Monat in der Thonhalle zu Düsseldorf eine außerordentliche General = Versammlung ab. In derselben sollen verschiedene Resolutionen gefaßt werden , welche mit der Praxis des Rechts - Consulenten im Zusammenhange stehen. — 19. Juli. Von der am Sonntag ( 18. dss. ) im großen Gürz nichsaale hierselbst stattgehabten äußerst zugleich besuchten Versamm lung der rheinischen Centrumspartei wurde folgende Resolution angenommen : 1. Die Versammlung spricht zu der von der Fraction des Cen trums dem neuen kirchen = politischen Gesetze gegenüber eingenommenen Haltung ihre volle und unbedingte Zustimmung aus ; durch ihr eben so entschiedenes wie maßvolles Auftreten hat die Fraction sich ein neues Anrecht auf den Dank ihrer Wähler erworben. 2. In Uebereinstimmung mit den Bischöfen wie mit der Cen trums = Fraction hält die Versammlung angesichts des neuen kirchen politischen Gesetzes fest an der Forderung der Aufhebung der soge nannten Maigesetze ; sie spricht zugleich die feste Ueberzeugung aus , daß die Staatsregierung , wenn sie ernstlich die Wiederherstellung des inneren Friedens erstrebt , sowohl beim apostolischen Stuhle als bei der Mehrheit der Landesvertretung , insbesondere auch bei der Fraction des Centrums die thatkräftigste Unterstützung finden wird. 3. Bei dieser Gelegenheit verwirst die Bersammlung neuerdings den Anspruch auf unumschränkte Herrschaft des Staates in der Schule als unvereinber mit dem göttlichen Rechte der Kirche , wie mit dem natürlichen Rechte der Eltern ; sie verurtheilt die Einrichtung confessionell gemischter Schulen und erklärt , daß die Ertheilung des römisch = katholischen Religions = Unterrichtes , die Vertheilung des Unterrichtsstoffes , die Bestimmung der Lehr bücher für denselben lediglich den rechtmäßigen Organen der Kirche , bezw. den mit besonderm kirchlichen Auftrag ausgestatteten Personen zusteht. — Nachdem die Stadtverordneten den Beschluß gefaßt haben , die fiscalischen Terrains zum Zwecke der Stadterweiterung für Rechnung der Stadt anzukaufen , tritt auch die Frage , wo demnächst die Bahnhöfe zu liegen kommen , in den Vordergrund. In dieser Beziehung werden von Seiten des Ministeriums schon seit einiger Zeit die eingehendsten Ermittelungen angestellt , und für den Augen blick hat folgender Plan die größte Wahrscheinlichkeit für sich. Es sollen für Köln drei Bahnhöfe bestehen , im Norden , Westen und Süden der Stadt , so daß die Passagiere beliebig an einem derselben ein oder aussteigen können. Hauptbahnhof bleibt der jetzige Central = Per sonen = Bahnhof ; der zweite Personen = Bahnhof soll an der künftigen Ring straße vor St. Gereon und der dritte in der Verlängerung der Linie vom Pantaleonsbahnhof zur Ringbahn angelegt werden. Die Ge leise vom Central = Bahnhofe bis zur alten Stadtmauer sollen so viel höher gelegt werden , daß der Fuhrwerks = Verkehr auf den städ tischen Straßen sich unter der Bahn hinbewegen kann. Dasselbe wird bei allen Straßen der Fall sein , welche auf der Strecke vom Gereonsthor bis zum Weyerthor die Bahn kreuzen. Die Anlage einer zweiten festen Brücke muß natürlich bald zur Nothwendigkeit werden , und wird man dieselbe gewiß eher am Thürmchen wie am Bayen bauen. ( K. =. ) * Wickrath , 16. Juli. In voriger Woche wurde hier ein Beteran begraben , wohl der letzten einer in hiesiger Gemeinde , im Alter von 87 Jahren. Derselbe wor , bis auf die letzten Wochen , nie krank gewesen. Am 19. d. sollte seine diamantene Hochzeit ge feiert werden. Die Nachbarschaft hatte zu diesem seltenen Feste fast alles in Bereitschaft , als der Tod unerwartet alles änderte. Satt dieses Festes wurde nun sein Begrädniß unter allgemeiner Theilnahme begangen. * Ahrweiler , 16. Juli. Gestern fand man den Gerichts vollzieher. , welcher bei Einführung der neuen Gerichtsordnung von Lindlar hierhin versetzt worden war , an der Thür seines Hauses erhängt. Vor einigen Tagen hatte bei ihm eine Cassenrevision statigefunden. * Burscheid , 15. Juli. Der „ Berg. Volksbote “ schreibt : Für Jäger ist jetzt Gelegenheit geboten , eine ansehnliche Prämie zu verdienen. In der Nachbargemeinde Odenthal haben sich nämlich Wildschweine eingenistet und zwar in ausehnlicher Anzahl ; man will deren circa 20 Stück gesehen haben. Dieselben sollen , durch Waldbrände veranlaßt , die Woldungen an der Sieg verlassen haben. In Odenthal nun richten sie viel Schaden an und durchwühlen mit Vorliebe die mit Frühkartoffeln bestellten Aecker. Trotz der Auf merksamkeit der Landleute und Jäger ist es bis jetzt noch nicht ge lungen , eine der Bestien zu erwischen. Ganze Tage lang wird ihnen aufgelauert , aber nirgens eine Spur ; kommt aber der Landmann morgens auf seinen Acker , so steht er mit Schrecken die angerichteten Verwüstungen. Um dieser Plage zu fleuern , wurde am Sonntag an der Kirche zu Odenthal bekannt gemacht , daß für jedes erlegte Wildschwein gezahlt werde : aus der Gemeindekasse 50 Mark , von Herrn Bürgermeister Drecker 50 Mark und aus der gräflich Wolff Metternichschen Kasse 50 Mark , zusammen also 150 Mark. Jagd scheine werden an unbescholtene und mit der Jagd betraute Personen verabfolgt , und soll es gestattet sein , die Verfolgung der Wildschweine bis in die gräflichen Waldungen auszudehnen , wobei es jedoch Bedingung ist , daß nur auf Wildschweine gejagt werden darf. * Die Oberammergauer Passionsspiele , zu deuen aus der ganzen Welt Zuschauer zusammengeströmt sind , haben viele interessante Gäste herbeigezogen. Der vorletzten Passionsvorstellung hat u. A. auch der Marschall Mac Mahon beigewohnt. * Sturz eines Luftballons. Aus Le Maus ( Fran reich ) kommt folgende Mittheilung. Am Sonntag sollten die „ Exposition “ und der „ Annex “ gleichzeitig aufsteigen ; der erste Ballon sollte den Luftschiffer Petit und einen Gast , der andere Ballon den jüngeren Petit aufnehmen. Die Füllung war gut vor sich gegangen , die Zeit zur Auffahrt war da , aber der Gast , der die Fahrt mitmachen wollte , wor nicht erschienen. Da äußerte Madame Petit den Wunsch , den Ausgebliebenen zu ersetzen , und nach einigem Zögern willigte ihr Gatte ein. Die beiden Ballons erhoben sich und bald schwammen sie in einer Höhe von 500 Metern. Hier schienen sie einige Zeit wie unbeweglich , und Monsieur Petit warf grüßend Bonbons und Gedichte auf die Menge hinab , die ihm ein fröhliches „ Glück auf ! “ zurief. Plötzlich war es , als ob die „ Exposition “ ihre Richtung änderte , und die Seite , die der Stadt zugekehrt war , durch irgend einen heftigen Stoß eingedrückt würde. Schreckensrufe erschallten aus der Menge , die dem Aufstiege gespannt folgte. „ Der Ballon platzt ! “ hörte man rufen. In der That drehte sich derselbe eine Weile um seine Axe und sank , aber an fänglich erstaunlich langsam. Es schien , als ob die durch den Riß eindringende Luft ihm ein wenig die Rolle des Fallschirmes zuer theilte. Jetzt war er bis auf 150 Meter vom Boden gelangt , und sein Fall , bisher in einer Bogenlinie , war jetzt senkrecht und reißend schnell , und Ballon , Korb und Menschen stürzten mit der Gewalt eines Meteors. Sie kamen auf eine Gartenmauer zu follen ; der Korb hing auf der einen , der Ballon auf der andern Seite der Mauer. Den Insassen des gesunkenen Ballons war das Glück verhältnißmäßig günstig. Frau Petit stand , das Gesicht ganz blutig , auf den Füßen und beschäftigte sich mit ihrem schwer verwundeten Manne. Dieser hatte den Oberschenkel gebrochen und litt furchtbar ; doch hatte er keinen Augenblick seine Energie verloren , und seine einzige Sorge schien nur das Loos seines Sohnes zu sein , der sich im kleineren Ballon befand. Der Knabe hatte sich beim Anblick des Sturzes von Vater und Mutter der Strömung überlassen und paßte nur auf den Augenblick , um landen zu können. Diesen fand er denn auch , so daß er bei Challes geschickt die Landung bewerk stelligte und glücklich auf dem Boden anlangte. * Aus Rom wird der „ N. Fr. Pr. “ geschrieben : In einigen Wochen schon wird der internationale Konkurs zu den Projekten für das Denkmal Viktor Emanuels ausgeschrieben. Der Staat steuert zur Errichtung desselben acht Millionen bei , und den Künstlern wird ganz und gar freie Hand in der Wahl ihrer Entwürfe gelassen. Wir hoffen , daß die deutschen Künstler sich zahlreich daran bethei ligen werden. Es winkt auch ein bedeutender materieller Gewinn , denn abgesehen davon , daß Preise von 30,000 , 20,000 und 10,000 Lire ausgesetzt sind , wird wohl auch die Ausführung der Arbeiten dem glücklichen Sieger anvertraut werden. Die für das Denkmal herbei geschafften Summen belaufen sich bisher auf fünfzehn Millionen. * Der König von Schweden und die Presse. Auf einer Reise , die der König vor Kurzem in den Provinzen Smaaland und Oester götland gelegentlich der Eröffnung einiger Bahnstrecken unternahm , erschienen auch Zeitungs = Referenten , die sich bescheiden in den Bahn höfen im Hintergrund hielten. Der König schien dies bemerkt zu haben , denn er fragte einen der Eisenbahn = Direktoren , wo denn die Reserenten der Zeitungen placiert seien. — „ In einem Salon = wagen erster Klasse , Euer Majestät, “ antwortete der Beamte. — „ So ist es recht, “ erwiederte der König ; „ so muß es sein , denn sie sind die Repräsentanten der dritten Macht im Staate. “ * ( Seit wann nennt man eine Kartensammlung „ Aklas “ ? In den Abhandlungen zur Erd = und Völkerkunde ( neue Folge ) von Oskar Peschel finden wir eine „ Lebensbeschreibung und Würdigung Gerhard Mercators “ , worin es heißt : Am 2. Dezember 1594 starb er als ein frommer Mann , denn seine letzten vernehmlichen Worte waren eine Bitte an den Prediger , seiner im Gebete nach dem Gottesdienst zu gedenken. Die Sammlung der vorhandenen Karten gab sein jüngster Sohn Rumold 1595 zu Duisburg unter dem Titel „ Atlas “ heraus , der seitdem in allen Sprachen sich das Bürgerrecht erworben hat. Warum Mercator diese Bezeichnung wählte , ist noch etwas dunkel , er dachte dabei an Atlas , den König von Maurietanien , der die Tiefe des Meeres und die Höhe des Himmels kannte. “ * ( Eine werthvolle Eigenschaft des Melonensaftes. ) Nach einer Notiz des „ Scientific American “ besitzt der Melonensaft in bemer kenswerther Weise die Eigenschaft , hartes Fleisch zu erweichen , in gleichem Maße bewirken dies auch die Melonenblätter , wenn man Fleisch in dieselben einhüllt. Von dieser Eigenschaft pflegen die brasilianischen Schlächter Gebrauch zu machen , um Fleisch von ge schlachtetem Bieh zu erweichen. Läßt man Fleisch etwa 10 Minuten lang in einem mit Melonensaft versetztem Wasser liegen , so fällt es beim Einführen in das Feuer vom Bratspieß und zertheilt sich beim Kochen gleichmäßig in kleine Stücke. Dampft man den Saft zum Trocknen ein und löst den Rückstand in wenig Wasser , so wirkt diese Lösung energisch verdauend auf alle eiweißartigen Sub stanzen , sie läßt Stärkemehl dagegen unverändert. * Der „ N. Zürich. Zig. “ wird geschrieben : Bei Anlaß des drohenden Krieges zwischen Rußland und China hat man wieder häufig Gelegenheit , in den Blättern China das „ himmlische Reich “ nennen zu hören. Wir müssen in dieser Beziehung bemerken , daß es keinen unsinnigeren Ausdruck geben kann , als diesen. Niemals ist es irgend einem Chinesen eingefallen , sein band so zu nennen. Diese Bezeichnung beruht blos auf einem Mißverständnis. Nach den Begriffen der altchinesischen Religion ist der Himmel ( Tien ) das höchste göttliche Wesen und der Kaiser von China wird deshalb „ Sohn des Himmels “ genannt ; auf das Reich aber ist eine Ver bindung mit dem Namen des Himmels niemals angewendet worden. Dasselbe heißt vielmehr bei den Chinesen „ Reich der Mitte “ ( Tschung kue ) , und zwar rührt dieser Name daher , weil einst ( einige Jahr hunderte vor Christus ) China in eine Menge von Staaten mit einigen Fürsten zerfiel , von denen derjenige des mittelsten Staates eine Art beschränkter Oberherrschaft ausübte. Später gelang es den Fürsten der „ Mitte “ , die Macht der übrigen Fürsten zu brechen und ihr Land zu unterwerfen , worauf das ganze Reich nach dem siegreichen Staate „ Reich der Mitte “ genannt wurde. Holz = Verkauf. Am Montag , den 26. Juli d. 3 Morgens 9 Uhr , wird der Unterzeichnete , im Auftrage der Firma : Löfken & Piepmeyer zu Münster , folgendes in den Krupp ' schen Waldungen bei Brück im District Harth an guter Abfuhr gelegenes Holz als : 200 Raummeter Kiefern = Brandholz , 300 Haufen Kiefern = Abraum in dem Lokale des Gastwirthen Herrn Scheben zu Brück , öffentlich meistbietend gegen Zahlungsausstand versteigern. Der Gerichtsvollzieher , gez. : Küster. Spitzer kirmes. Am Sonntag , den 25. und Montag , den 26. Juli halten wir in unserm neuerbauten Zelte BALL. Zu zahlreichem Besuche ladet ergebenst ein Bernard hungenberg. g Ich habe mich in. - Cla bach zur Ausübung mein Berufes niedergelassen u wohne in meinem elterlich Hause. Dr. mied. Kolter , prakt. Arzt , Wundarzt u. Geburtshelfe Aufrus ! Erst heute lassen sich die Folgen des am 14. Juni 1880 über die sächsische Oberlausitz hereingebrochenen Wasserunglücks genauer bestimmen. Wir beklagen den Verlust von 63 Menschenleben , welche den wüthenden Wasserströmen zum Opfer fielen , 231 Häuser sind wegge schwemmt oder vernichtet , 300 Häuser schwer , 380 weniger schwer beschädigt , die schönen gesegneten Fluren auf einem Bezirke von 16 Qu. = Meilen zum Theil in Sand = und Steinwüsten verwandelt. Der Verlust an Privateigenthum , abgesehen von den enormen Schäden an Brücken , Wegen und Stegen , beträgt nach bis jetzt mög licher Schätzung mindestens. 300,000 Mark. Zwar ist durch den wahrhaft erhebenden Wohlthätigkeitssinn in Nähe und Ferne , für Hebung der allerdringendsten Noth gesorgt worden , aber noch fehlt viel , um die armen von dem schweren Unglück Betroffenen nur einigermaßen zu entschädigen , den Muth der Ent schlossenen zu heben , die Verzagten zu ermuthigen , die hilflosen Waisen zu erziehen ! An das Mitgefühl des deutschen Volks in Nord und Süd richten wir diese Bitte um Hilfe , überzeugt , daß wir offene Herzen , offene Hände finden ! Gesammelte Beiträge bitten wir an die Kreishauptmannschaft zu Bautzen einzusenden. Löbau , am 15. Juli 1880. Das Tentral - Comite. Kreishauptmann von Beust als Vorsitzender in Bautzen. Landesältester Hempel in Bautzen. Bischof Bernert in Bautzen. Guts besitzer Böhmer in Alt = Löbau. Pfarrer Brösel ist Rennersdorf. Ge meindevorstand Gäbler in Oberoderwitz. Bürgermeister Haberkorn in Zittau. Rittergutsbesitzer Hähnel auf Kuppritz. Fabrikbesitzer Henke in Leutersdorf. Fabrikbesitzer Hoffmann in Neugersdorf. Oberförster Junge in Cunnersdorf. Fabrikbesitzer Ludwig in Niederoderwitz. Handelskammer = Secretär Dr. Löbner in Zittau. Dr. von Meyer auf Oberruppersdorf. Pfarrer von Mosch in Bernstadt. Rechtsanwalt Oppermann in Zittau. Kaufmann Pfenninger , Vorstand der Hand lung Dürninger & Co. in Herrnhut. Dr. Pfeiffer auf Burkersdorf. Bürgermeister Reiner in Bernstadt. Pfarrer Richter in Niedercun nersdorf. Rittergutsbesitzer Richter auf Bischdorf. Rittergutsbesitzer von Thielau auf Kemnitz. Amtshauptmann von Thielau in Löbau. Amtshauptmann von Zahn in Zittau. Landesbestallter von Zezschwitz. Ein Kapital Großes Nähmaschinen = Lager der erprobt besten Systeme von Tn. Neues & Eilmanns Köln , Dominikaner 11. Billigste Preise , Anlernen unentgeltlich , auf Wunsch erleichterte Zahlungsbedingungen mit fünfjähriger Garantie. Durch vieljährigen Be trieb , reiche Erfahrungen und Kenutnisse in diesem Artikel , sind wir in der Lage , jedem Käufer die für seinen Gebrauch dienlichste Maschine vorzuschlagen , da wir in allen besten Fabrikaten stets Vorrath halten. Beyaraturen werden prompt und billigst in unserer mecha Reepilkaluren nischen Werkstätte ausgeführt. Alle Sorten Nadeln , Garn , Oel 2c. in bester Qualität und zu den billigsten Preisen stets vorräthig. von — 3000 Mrk. gegen gut erste Hypothek auf Ländereig gesucht. Offerten unter P. H. 25 5 sorgt die Exped. d. Bl. Tuperen. Higterren. Es haben sich auf unserem Lager größere Partien fehl farbiger Cigarren angesammelt , die wir bedeutend unter Preis abgeben. Paulus Hammerschmidt sel. Erben , Nr. 175 , Mülheim a. Rhein , Freiheitstraße Nr. 175. Keine krummen Rücken mehr ! Hosenträger , Gradehalter für Knaben und Mädchen , sowie für ältere Personen „ System Biesenbach “ empfiehlt R. Biesenbach in Berg. = Gladbach. Lederhandlung von Gustav Dieten in. - Gladbach am Wathsack empfiehlt la Sohl = , Ober = , Geschirr = , Vache = , Ziegen = , Lack = und farbige Futterleder , sowie sämmtliche Schuhmacher = Artikel , Herren = , Damen Knaben = und Mädchenschäfte. Hierdurch mache ich auf mein Lager in allen Sorten Tapeten aufmerksam und halte mich geehrten Abnehmern bestens empfohlen. Robert Biesenbach in Berg. = Gladbach. Die Marmor = Handlung von S. Neligen Mülheim am Rhein , Wolfsstrasse Nr. 38½ beehrt sich ihr Lager in folgenden Artikeln bestens zu empfehlen : Flurbelege in Marmor , Lithographie = , Thon = und Sinziger Mosaikplatten Marmor = Fensterbänke , Treppenstufen , Tischplatten , Waschtischaussätze , S ülsteine , Grabeinfassungen und Grabmonumente , Niedermendiger Trittstufen , Brunnengeschränke , Schichtplatten , Sockel Rinnsteine , Spülsteine , Grabeinfassungen und Mühlsteine I. Qualität. Feusterbänke , Spülsteine , Kuh = und Schweinetröge in rothem und weißem Sandstein. Branne Grottensteine zu Aquarien , Garten anlagen und Grabeinfassungen. Mobel = , Spiegel = u. Polsterwaarenfabrik Bettwaaren = und Korbwaaren = Handlung von Karl Kleinertz , Mülheim am Rhein , 22 Obere Freiheitsstraße 22. Empfehle mein reichhaltiges Lager selbstverfertigter Möbel in allen Holzarten , von den billigsten bis zu den feineren Sorten , ganze Einrichtungen complette Betten , Korbwaaren ( Kinderwagen und Sessel ) u. s. w. zu billigen unter Garantie. Man bittet genau auf den Namen u. die Hausnummer zu achten. Vorschrift des Auiverstäts Profesors Dr. harles , Königl. Geheimer Hofrath in Vonn gefertigt Stollwerck ' sche Brust = Bonbons , seit 40 Jahren bewährt , nehmen un ter allen ähnlichen Hausmitteln der ersten Rang ein. Segen Huten und Heiserheit git es nichts Geseres. Vorräthig à 50 Pfennig in ver siegelten Paqueten in den meiste guten Colonialwaaren = Geschäftel und Conditoreien sowi : Apotheken durch Depotschilder kenntlich. Deutsches Famitienblatt Vierteljährlich Mk. 60. — In Heften zu 50 Pf. = Nruer Roman von E. Lenneck. = Man bestellt jederzeit in allen Buchhand lungen und Postämtern. Das Ein Bon , nereigeräthe ist bir lig zu kaufen bei Der Gesellschafter. Inhalt der 3. Nummer im 3. Quartal : „ Der Flüchtling “ von I. D. K. Temme , Forts. „ Der Kapitän der Rose “ , Schluß. „ Prin zessin Tarrakanoff “ von Dr. Alexander Olinda. Vermischtes : Gestörte Hochzeitsfeier. — Ein neuer Ballon. — Englisch. — Spanische Post zustände. — Ungalant. — Zweideutig. Abonnementspreis vierteljährlich 90 Pf. bei allen Buchhand lungen. Durch die Post bezogen Mk. 1. A. Beig ' s Verlagsanstalt , Pinneberg bei Hamburg. Tampfhobel = und Sägewerk von A. H. Dülken i Deutz empfiehlt sich zur Lieferung von nordischen und bayerischen Brettern , sowohl rauh wie gehobelt , glattkantig oder genutet und gefedert , auch zur Herstellung jeder beliebigen Kehlung , wie Fußleisten , Thürbeklei dungen 2c. , ferner zur Lieferung von tannen Bauholz , Latten , Sparren 2c. , Eichenbrettern und amerikanischem pitch pine zu billigsten Preisen. Joh. Nunola in Opladen. Trockenes Erlen holz in Dicke von 2 “ bis 5 “ zu kaufen gesucht. Lamberi & Comp. , Goldleistenfabrik Deutz , Arnoldstraße 7. Ein tüchtiger Schmiedegeselle und ein Lehrling gesucht ; von wem sagt die Exped. dss. Blattes. Ein fünfjähriges starkes Ackerpferd steht zu verkaufen. Näheres in der Exp. dss. Blattes. Ein tüchtiger Arbeitsknecht wird auf sofort gesucht. Vom wem sagt die Exp. d. Bl. zum luftdichten Verschließen der Einmachgläser zu haben bei V. Haake in Bensberg. Länderei oder Wiesen ohne Ge bäude bis zum Werth von 10,000 Mark , wird zu kaufen gesucht , durch J. II. Müllejans , Apostel kloster 12 Cöln. B. Offerten mit Preisangabe und welcher Pacht zu erzielen ist , frc. erbeten. Em braver 7 Bäckerlehrling gesucht. Rud. Schmitter , Mül heim am Rhein. Ein Pferdeknecht , welcher Feldarbeit gründlich ver steht , sowie eine Viehmago gesucht. Näheres zu erfahren in der Exp. dieses Blattes. Verschiedene schöne Wehnungen sind zu vermiethen an ruhige und brave Leute bei W. A. Georg Dahmen in. = Gladbach. Das Sargmagazin bei Theodor Cremer , Küster in Immekeppel empfiehlt alle Sorten fertiger Todtensärge mit vollständigem Zu behör zu den billigsten Preisen. iurit P. 33 0in von Frinrich Bähnen in Bensberg hält fortwährend auf Lager : Fertige Todten = Särge in großer Auswahl und schöner Ausstattung in allen Gattungen und Dimen sionen mit sämmtlichem Zubehör zu äußerst billigen Preisen. Die beste Sparbutter liefert die Erste Prima WienerSparbutter Fabrik in Emmerich am Rhein. Unsere heutige Nr. bringt für alle Abonnenten eine Ertra = Beilage des rühm lichst bekannten Benedictiner Doppelkräuter Magenbitter von C. Pingel in Göttingen , Nie derlage in Bensberg bei V. Haake. ie gegen den Heinrich Vier D tötter und Frau Aug. Lemmer , beide zu Hoffnungsthal , ausge sprochene Beleidigung nehme ich hiermit zurück. Hoffnungsthal , den 18. Juli 1880. Fran Wsith , Lighausen. Fruchtpreise zu Neuß. am 20. Juli 1880. Mark Weizen 1. Ooal. alter 100 Kilo L. nener Landroggen 1. „ à 100 Kile 2. Gerste Winter à 100 Kilo Sommer = — Buchweizen 1. Qualit. — à 100 Kilo 2. „ — Hafer à 100 Kile 16 Kartoffeln „ „ 6 — Mülheim Abfahrt von Bensberg 7,1 10,10 1,2 5,87. 30. = Gladbach 7,17 10,26 1,18 5,53 8,46 Dellbrück 7,30 10,39 1,31. 6 8,59 Mülheim 7,45 10. 57 1,48. 22 9,18 Ank. in Deutz 7,52 11,4 1,56 6,30. 26 Abfahrt von Deutz. 30 11. 30 2,26. |
github_open_source_100_1_587 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package com.pointr.tcp.util
import com.pointr.tcp.util.Logger._
case class ExecResult(params: ExecParams, elapsed: Long, rc: Int, stdout: String, stderr: String, isFatalError: Boolean = false)
case class ExecParams(tag: String, process: String, args: Option[Seq[String]] = None,
env: Option[Seq[String]] = None, dir: String = ".") {
def this(tag: String, cmdLine: String, dir: String, env: Option[Seq[String]]) = this(tag, cmdLine.split(" ").apply(0),
Option(cmdLine.split(" ").tail), if (env.isEmpty) None else env, dir)
override def toString: String = process + " " + args.flatMap(arr => Some(arr.mkString(" "," ",""))).getOrElse("")
}
case class ProcessResult(rc: Int, stdout: String, stderr: String)
object ProcessUtils {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val out = ProcessUtils.exec("ls", "ls -lrta /shared")
// val out = ProcessUtils.runBash("ls -lrta /shared/*.tmp")
debug(s"$out")
}
val Blen = 16*1024
// ProcessUtils.runBas
// h("ls -lrta /shared/*.tmp")
def read(is: java.io.InputStream) = {
val av = Blen
// Math.max(Blen, is.available)
val arr = new Array[Byte](av)
val nread = is.read(arr)
new String(arr, "ISO-8859-1").substring(0, nread)
}
object Timing {
def time[T](tag: String, block: => T): T = {
val start = System.currentTimeMillis
val res = block
val duration = System.currentTimeMillis - start
info(s"Timing for $tag: $duration ms")
res
}
}
def runBash(label: String, cmd: String) = {
info(s"Running cmd=[$cmd] ..")
val res = Timing.time(cmd,
{ val p = Runtime.getRuntime.exec(Array("/bin/bash"))
val os = p.getOutputStream
val stdout = p.getInputStream
val stderr = p.getErrorStream
os.write(s"$cmd\n".getBytes())
// os.write(s"$cmd\n".getBytes("ISO-8859-1"))
os.flush
// val b = new Array[Byte](16*1024)
val stdo = read(stdout)
stdout.close
val stde = read(stderr)
stderr.close
if (stdo.length >= Blen - 4) {
warn(s"stdout from command [$cmd] may not fit in buffer")
}
if (stdo.length >= Blen - 4) {
warn(s"stderr from command [$cmd] may not fit in buffer")
}
os.write("echo $?\n".getBytes)
// val oarr = read(stdout)
val rc = -1 // oarr.toString.toInt
os.close
new ProcessResult(rc, stdo, stde)
})
res
}
def runScala(cmd: String) = {
import sys.process._
val out = new StringBuilder
val err = new StringBuilder
val logger = ProcessLogger(
(o: String) => out.append(o),
(e: String) => err.append(e))
val rc = Seq("/bin/bash","-c") ++ cmd.split(" ").toSeq ! logger
(out,err, rc)
}
def exec(tag: String, cmd: String): ExecResult = {
val toks = cmd.split(" ")
val (exe, args) = (toks.head, toks.tail)
exec(ExecParams(tag, exe, Some(args), None,
if (exe.indexOf("/")>=0) exe.substring(0,exe.lastIndexOf("/")) else System.getProperty("user.dir")))
}
def exec(params: ExecParams): ExecResult = {
val startt = System.currentTimeMillis()
val procName = params.process
val pb = new ProcessBuilder((procName +: params.args.getOrElse(Seq.empty[String])):_*)
pb.directory(new java.io.File(params.dir))
warn(s"Exec: [$procName ${params.args.get.mkString(" ")}] pbDir=${pb.directory.getAbsolutePath}")
val proc = pb.start()
proc.waitFor()
val exit = proc.exitValue()
val stdout = scala.io.Source.fromInputStream(proc.getInputStream).getLines.toList.mkString("\n")
val stderr = scala.io.Source.fromInputStream(proc.getErrorStream).getLines.toList.mkString("\n")
val elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - startt
val res = ExecResult(params, elapsed, exit, stdout, stderr)
warn(s"Process [${params}] completed in $elapsed with rc=$exit stdoutLen=${stdout.length} stderrLen=${stderr.length}")
res
}
}
|
2013/92013E000929/92013E000929_EN.txt_41 | Eurlex | CC-By | (English version)
Question for written answer E-000724/13
to the Commission
Willy Meyer (GUE/NGL)
(24 January 2013)
Subject: Discrimination against women in Spanish pension legislation
The recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-385/11 ruled that Spanish legislation on contributory pensions discriminates against women and is thus contrary to Council Directive 79/7/EEC of 19 December 1978 on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security.
The case was brought by Isabel Elbal Moreno, who worked for 18 years as a cleaner for a residents’ association on a part-time basis for four hours a week. Under Spanish legislation, despite having worked for such a long time, Mrs Elbal had only accrued three years of contributions as only the hours worked are taken into account, not the total period; she would have had to work for more than 100 years to obtain the right to a minimum pension. This means that workers subject to part-time contracts require a proportionally greater contribution period than full-time workers to qualify for a retirement pension. This discrimination between part-time and full-time workers would be legal if it were not for the principle of indirect discrimination, according to which this rule harms Spanish women in particular.
The Court of Justice of the European Union states that this type of indirect discrimination exists where a national measure, albeit formulated in neutral terms, works to the disadvantage of far more women than men. In the case of part-time contracts in Spain, this is indisputable given that more than 80 % of part-time workers in the country are women. In light of this information, the Court confirmed the existence of indirect discrimination against Spanish women in the labour market, given that it is more difficult for them to complete the minimum period of contribution required to obtain a retirement pension.
Given this discrimination against women in the Spanish labour market:
What measures is the Commission taking to force Spain to comply with Directive 79/7/EEC?
Does the Commission believe that this type of discrimination against women may exist in Member States that have a high proportion of women in part-time work? Is it taking any action in this regard?
Answer given by Mrs Reding on behalf of the Commission
(25 March 2013)
According to the principle of loyalty inscribed in Article 4 of the Treaty on European Union, ‘Member States shall take any appropriate measure, general or particular, to ensure fulfilment of the obligations arising out of the Treaties or resulting from the acts of the institutions of the Union’. Therefore, Spanish authorities, including Spanish courts and legislator, are under the obligation to implement appropriately the abovementioned judgment.
At this moment, the Commission has no reason to believe that the Spanish authorities will not comply with the Court's judgment. Should that be the case, the Commission, as guardian of the treaties, will take the necessary measures to correct the problem.
As to the situation in other Member States in general, the Commission is now looking into this matter and will decide whether or not further action is necessary at this stage. In addition, if the Commission is made aware of specific situations where this type of discrimination against women may exist, the Commission will contact the relevant Member State to address this issue.
(Versión española)
Pregunta con solicitud de respuesta escrita E-000725/13
a la Comisión
Willy Meyer (GUE/NGL)
(24 de enero de 2013)
Asunto:
Asunto: Mortalidad a causa de las privatizaciones en Europa del Este
Según el estudio «
The human cost of economic policy
»
publicado en 2009 en la revista The Lancet, la privatización de los servicios públicos en los países pertenecientes a la antigua Unión Soviética tras la caída del muro produjo un coste humano de más de un millón de muertes de personas en edad de trabajar.
El estudio, dirigido por la Universidad de Oxford, sostiene que el proceso de privatizaciones masivas dado en los países del bloque soviético en la década de los 90 produjo un incremento en el número de muertes del 13 % de la población. El estudio toma los datos demográficos de 25 países y estudia la correlación de sus tasas de mortalidad con la agresiva política de privatización también conocida como la Terapia de Shock. Esta política económica supuso un incremento sin precedentes del desempleo al mismo tiempo que se desintegraban los servicios públicos básicos, desapareciendo la fuente de ingresos y los medios de supervivencia de los hogares.
El equipo de investigación tomó en cuenta el estudio de los datos referentes a las tasas de mortalidad de hombres en edad de trabajar disponibles en la Organización Mundial de la Salud al mismo tiempo que los disponibles en el Banco Europeo de Reconstrucción y Desarrollo, entidad que apoyó las políticas de privatización masiva de estos países.
1.
¿Está la Comisión teniendo en cuenta el citado estudio a la hora de elaborar las Recomendaciones específicas propuestas a los Estados miembros?
2.
Teniendo en cuenta que las políticas de austeridad llevadas a cabo por los Estados miembros se asemejan a la citada
Terapia de Shock,
¿qué coste en vidas humanas estima la Comisión que tendrá el desarrollo de sus Recomendaciones?
Respuesta del Sr. Rehn en nombre de la Comisión
(18 de marzo de 2013)
La Comisión toma nota de la información presentada y de las preguntas planteadas por Su Señoría.
La Comisión tiene en cuenta los aspectos relativos a la justicia en la reforma, así como el posible coste humano de la política económica, y destaca la necesidad de minimizar el impacto de la reforma y de proteger a los más vulnerables.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-000725/13
to the Commission
Willy Meyer (GUE/NGL)
(24 January 2013)
Subject: Mortality due to privatisations in Eastern Europe
According to the study entitled ‘The human cost of economic policy’ published in the journal The Lancet in 2009, the privatisation of public services in the countries of the former Soviet Union after the fall of the wall had a human cost of more than one million deaths of working-age people.
This study, led by the University of Oxford, argues that the process of mass privatisations that occurred in the countries of the Soviet bloc during the 1990s produced an increase of 13 % in the number of deaths in the population. The study takes demographic data from 25 countries and studies the correlation between their rates of mortality and the aggressive privatisation policy also known as Shock Therapy. This economic policy gave rise to an unprecedented increase in unemployment at a time when basic public services were disintegrating, with the loss, for households, of their source of income and means of survival.
The research team took into consideration the study of data concerning rates of mortality amongst working age men available from the World Health Organisation and data from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the body which supported these countries’ mass privatisation policies.
1.
Is the Commission taking account of the aforementioned study when drawing up its specific recommendations for the Member States?
2.
Bearing in mind the fact that the austerity policies followed by the Member States are similar to the aforementioned Shock Therapy, what cost in human lives, in the Commission’s view, will following its recommendations have?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(18 March 2013)
The Commission takes note of the information provided and questions posed by Honourable Member.
The Commission takes into consideration the equity aspects of reform and the potential human cost of economic policy, emphasising the need to minimise the reform impact and protect the most vulnerable.
(Versión española)
Pregunta con solicitud de respuesta escrita E-000726/13
a la Comisión
Willy Meyer (GUE/NGL)
(24 de enero de 2013)
Asunto: Implementación del Software libre en las Instituciones Europeas
Durante los últimos años el desarrollo de aplicaciones informáticas se ha desarrollado de una manera exponencial, llegando a alcanzarse una verdadera democratización del acceso a la informática. Gran parte de este resultado ha sido gracias al desarrollo del Software Libre por parte de numerosos participantes que prefieren compartir las aplicaciones que desarrollan.
Los diferentes programas desarrollados con Software Libre han alcanzado el nivel de competir sin ningún tipo de desventaja con las aplicaciones desarrolladas por los grandes
«
monstruos
»
de la informática, tales como la empresa Microsoft. Dicha empresa, que abusa continuamente de su posición de mercado, como ha declarado la propia Comisión que ha abierto un expediente sancionador contra la misma por incumplir un acuerdo alcanzado en 2009, continúa suministrando la práctica totalidad del software básico (sistemas operativos, hojas de cálculo, editores de texto…) de todas las instituciones europeas.
Dicho software privativo es perfectamente sustituible por Software Libre que es capaz de cumplir la gran mayoría de las exigencias de los usuarios de las instituciones europeas. Si bien existe software privativo específico que resulta indispensable para desarrollar la actividad de algunos servicios, la gran masa de licencias que las instituciones europeas adquieren son de software básico y de baja especialización que requieren los funcionarios para desarrollar su trabajo habitual.
La Comisión Europea se ha pronunciado a favor del Software Libre en diversas ocasiones y ha desarrollado diferentes proyectos como el OSOR o el EUPL y otros tantos proyectos. Pero, en la práctica, los trabajadores de las instituciones europeas se encuentran en la obligación de usar el sistema operativo de Microsoft e incluso se actualizan con nuevas licencias cuyos costes deben suponer millones de euros. En tiempo en los que se exige austeridad a gran parte de la población europea imponer el uso de un Software Libre para ahorrar millones de euros sin perder aplicaciones debería ser una obligación sin menoscabo de la adquisición de programas necesarios que no tengan sustitutos libres.
1.
¿Por qué la Comisión y el resto de instituciones europeas usan software como Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, etc existiendo aplicaciones gratuitas como Linux, Open Office, etc?
2.
¿Está la Comisión actuando para sustituir el software básico empleado en las instituciones europeas por Software Libre?
Respuesta del Sr. Šefčovič en nombre de la Comisión
(8 de marzo de 2013)
La Comisión remite a Su Señoría a las respuestas a otras preguntas escritas y orales (147) que plantearon problemas similares. Estas respuestas pueden resumirse como sigue:
—
La infraestructura informática de la Comisión se basa en una amplia y diversificada cartera de productos informáticos, en la que coexisten sin problemas el software comercial y el software de código abierto. La Comisión, por su parte, es una organización líder en el mundo en lo que respecta a la adopción de software de código abierto (148).
—
La Comisión sigue una rigurosa metodología para seleccionar la configuración del software adecuado en términos de aptitud para el uso y coste total derivado de la propiedad, garantizando al mismo tiempo la buena gestión financiera y el cumplimiento de las normas de contratación pública. Las decisiones adoptadas se revisan periódicamente (149).
—
En este contexto, es importante señalar que el software de código abierto no puede asimilarse a programas informáticos sin coste, y que cualquier comparación de costes entre software de código abierto y otros modelos empresariales debe basarse en el coste total derivado de la propiedad de cada solución; esto no solo incluye el coste de las licencias, sino también el de creación, mantenimiento, apoyo, formación y otros costes (150).
—
La configuración de referencia a disposición del personal de la Comisión debe mantenerse lo más homogénea posible para controlar los costes de mantenimiento de la infraestructura informática corporativa y mantener sus elementos de seguridad (151).
—
Las sanciones impuestas a Microsoft como consecuencia de sus infracciones de las normas de competencia de la UE no impide a esta compañía participar en los procedimientos de contratación (152).
La Comisión reexamina su estrategia ofimática periódicamente y en estrecho contacto con los departamentos informáticos de las demás instituciones de la UE, incluido el Parlamento Europeo, ya que prácticamente todos ellos están utilizando actualmente los mismos contratos marco en este ámbito.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-000726/13
to the Commission
Willy Meyer (GUE/NGL)
(24 January 2013)
Subject: Implementing free software in the European institutions
There has been a boom in software development in recent years that has genuinely opened up access to IT. This wider access to IT has been largely thanks to the creation of free software programs by a large number of software development collaborators who prefer to share their applications with others.
The various free software programs are now able to compete on a level playing field with computer applications developed by IT giants such as Microsoft. This company, which continually abuses its market position, as the Commission itself has stated and against which it has opened infringement proceedings for non-compliance with a 2009 agreement, still provides almost all the basic software (operating systems, spreadsheets, text editors, etc.) used by the European institutions.
The proprietary software used by the institutions is perfectly replaceable with free software, which is capable of meeting the vast majority of user requirements in the EU institutions. Although some specific proprietary software is essential for the work of some services, the bulk of software licences acquired by the EU institutions are for basic and general purpose software that civil servants use to carry out their daily work.
The Commission has declared itself in favour of free software on a number of occasions, and it has launched various projects, including the OSOR and EUPL projects and many others. However, in reality, staff at the European institutions find themselves obliged to use the Microsoft operating system, and when it is updated new licences are purchased that must cost millions of euros. At a time when austerity has been imposed on a large proportion of people living in Europe, implementing free software as a way of saving millions of euros without reducing functionality should be imperative, even though this should not prevent the EU institutions from acquiring necessary software for which no free substitutes exist.
1.
Why do the Commission and the other EU institutions use software such as Microsoft, Windows, Microsoft Office, etc. when free applications, such as Linux, Open Office, etc., are available?
2.
Is the Commission taking any steps to replace basic software used in the EU institutions with free software?
Answer given by Mr Šefčovič on behalf of the Commission
(8 March 2013)
The Commission refers the Honourable Member to its answers to other written and oral questions (153) which raised similar issues. Those answers can be summarised as follows:
—
The Commission’s IT infrastructure is based on a large, well-diversified portfolio of software products, in which commercial and Open Source Software (OSS) coexist smoothly. The Commission is itself a world-leading organisation as regards the adoption of OSS (154).
—
The Commission follows a rigorous methodology to select the appropriate software configuration in terms of fitness-for-purpose and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), while ensuring sound financial management and complying with the public procurement rules. Any choices made are reviewed regularly (155).
—
In that context, it is important to appreciate that OSS cannot be equated with cost-free software, and that any comparison of costs between OSS and other business models must be based on the TCO of each solution; this does not only include the cost of the licences but also setup, maintenance, support, training and other costs (156).
—
The Reference Configuration made available to Commission staff needs to be kept as homogeneous as possible in order to control the costs of supporting the corporate IT infrastructure and to maintain its security features (157).
—
The sanctions imposed to Microsoft as a result of its breaches of the EU competition rules do not prevent this company from participating in procurement procedures (158).
The Commission reassesses its office automation strategy periodically, and in close contact with the IT departments of the other EU institutions, including the European Parliament, since virtually all of them are currently using the same framework contracts in this area.
(Nederlandse versie)
Vraag met verzoek om schriftelijk antwoord E-000727/13
aan de Commissie
Ria Oomen-Ruijten (PPE) en Ivo Belet (PPE)
(24 januari 2013)
Betreft: Vervallen van het recht op opgebouwd Nederlands wettelijk pensioen
Nederland verhoogt haar wettelijke (AOW) pensioenleeftijd tot 67 jaar. De pensioenopbouw voor inwoners wordt berekend vanaf 17 t/m 67 jaar (max. 50 jaar 2 % per jaar) en niet meer van 15 t/m 65 jaar.
Er zijn Belgische grensarbeiders, die vanaf 15 t/m 17 jaar in Nederland hebben gewerkt en voor die jaren AOW-premie hebben betaald. De wettelijke pensioenleeftijd in België bedraagt 65 jaar. Als deze grensarbeiders op die leeftijd met pensioen gaan, ontvangen zij gedurende 2 jaar (nog) geen Nederlands AOW-pensioen. Als zij vervolgens op 67-jarige leeftijd wel Nederlands pensioen ontvangen, dan wordt de AOW opgebouwd tijdens het 15e en 16e levensjaar (2 x 2 %) waarvoor zij premies hebben betaald — niet uitbetaald. Inwoners van Nederland, die geen gebruik gemaakt hebben van „het vrij verkeer van werknemers” ontvangen als zij met 67 jaar met pensioen gaan altijd het volledige AOW-pensioen (50 x 2 %).
1.
Verzetten het EU-recht (art. 45 VWEU, beginsel van loyale samenwerking) en het arrest Leyman (C-3/08) zich tegen de nieuwe Nederlandse regeling, die er toe leidt dat een grensarbeider/migrerend werknemer
— gedurende 2 jaar een pensioenhiaat heeft én
— vervolgens ook nog eens vanaf het 67e jaar geen of een lager (-4 %) Nederlands AOW-pensioen ontvangt?
2.
Is de Nederlandse wetgeving niet in strijd met het EU-recht resp. het arrest Piatkowski (rechtsoverweging 36 van C‐493/04) die verbieden dat er premies voor sociale verzekeringen worden betaald zonder dat zij recht geven op een tegenprestatie?
2.
Is de Nederlandse wetgeving niet in strijd met het EU-recht resp. het arrest Piatkowski (rechtsoverweging 36 van C‐493/04) die verbieden dat er premies voor sociale verzekeringen worden betaald zonder dat zij recht geven op een tegenprestatie?
(159)
3.
Is de nieuwe Nederlandse AOW-wetgeving voor wat betreft grensarbeiders/ migrerende werknemers niet in strijd met artikel 1 van het Eerste Protocol (EP) bij het EVRM?
3.
Is de nieuwe Nederlandse AOW-wetgeving voor wat betreft grensarbeiders/ migrerende werknemers niet in strijd met artikel 1 van het Eerste Protocol (EP) bij het EVRM?
(160)
Antwoord van de heer Andor namens de Commissie
(20 maart 2013)
1.
De Commissie is van mening dat een uitgesteld recht op een AOW-pensioen, overeenkomstig de door het geachte Parlementslid vermelde rechtspraak, op zich niet onverenigbaar is met de artikelen 45 en 48 VWEU, op voorwaarde dat een werknemer daardoor niet wordt benadeeld ten opzichte van diegenen die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen en dat daardoor geen socialezekerheidsbijdragen worden betaald die geen recht geven op een uitkering. Voor inwoners van Nederland die met pensioen gaan op de leeftijd van 65 jaar en die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen, worden de tijdvakken van arbeid tussen hun 15e en hun 17e levensjaar niet meegerekend voor hun recht op een AOW-pensioen.
1.
De Commissie is van mening dat een uitgesteld recht op een AOW-pensioen, overeenkomstig de door het geachte Parlementslid vermelde rechtspraak, op zich niet onverenigbaar is met de artikelen 45 en 48 VWEU, op voorwaarde dat een werknemer daardoor niet wordt benadeeld ten opzichte van diegenen die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen en dat daardoor geen socialezekerheidsbijdragen worden betaald die geen recht geven op een uitkering. Voor inwoners van Nederland die met pensioen gaan op de leeftijd van 65 jaar en die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen, worden de tijdvakken van arbeid tussen hun 15e en hun 17e levensjaar niet meegerekend voor hun recht op een AOW-pensioen.
2.
De Commissie is van mening dat er een verschil is tussen deze situatie en die in de zaak Piatkowski
1.
De Commissie is van mening dat een uitgesteld recht op een AOW-pensioen, overeenkomstig de door het geachte Parlementslid vermelde rechtspraak, op zich niet onverenigbaar is met de artikelen 45 en 48 VWEU, op voorwaarde dat een werknemer daardoor niet wordt benadeeld ten opzichte van diegenen die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen en dat daardoor geen socialezekerheidsbijdragen worden betaald die geen recht geven op een uitkering. Voor inwoners van Nederland die met pensioen gaan op de leeftijd van 65 jaar en die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen, worden de tijdvakken van arbeid tussen hun 15e en hun 17e levensjaar niet meegerekend voor hun recht op een AOW-pensioen.
2.
De Commissie is van mening dat er een verschil is tussen deze situatie en die in de zaak Piatkowski
(161)
1.
De Commissie is van mening dat een uitgesteld recht op een AOW-pensioen, overeenkomstig de door het geachte Parlementslid vermelde rechtspraak, op zich niet onverenigbaar is met de artikelen 45 en 48 VWEU, op voorwaarde dat een werknemer daardoor niet wordt benadeeld ten opzichte van diegenen die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen en dat daardoor geen socialezekerheidsbijdragen worden betaald die geen recht geven op een uitkering. Voor inwoners van Nederland die met pensioen gaan op de leeftijd van 65 jaar en die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen, worden de tijdvakken van arbeid tussen hun 15e en hun 17e levensjaar niet meegerekend voor hun recht op een AOW-pensioen.
2.
De Commissie is van mening dat er een verschil is tussen deze situatie en die in de zaak Piatkowski
3.
Artikel 1 van het eerste Protocol bij het Europees Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens en de fundamentele vrijheden waarborgt geen recht op een pensioen als zodanig. Het ouderdomspensioen op deze manier verminderen of niet toekennen impliceert geen regulering van het gebruik van eigendom noch een ontnemen van eigendom, indien er een juist evenwicht wordt gevonden tussen het algemeen belang van de gemeenschap en de verplichting om de grondrechten van het individu te respecteren
1.
De Commissie is van mening dat een uitgesteld recht op een AOW-pensioen, overeenkomstig de door het geachte Parlementslid vermelde rechtspraak, op zich niet onverenigbaar is met de artikelen 45 en 48 VWEU, op voorwaarde dat een werknemer daardoor niet wordt benadeeld ten opzichte van diegenen die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen en dat daardoor geen socialezekerheidsbijdragen worden betaald die geen recht geven op een uitkering. Voor inwoners van Nederland die met pensioen gaan op de leeftijd van 65 jaar en die hun winstgevende activiteiten alleen in die lidstaat uitoefenen, worden de tijdvakken van arbeid tussen hun 15e en hun 17e levensjaar niet meegerekend voor hun recht op een AOW-pensioen.
2.
De Commissie is van mening dat er een verschil is tussen deze situatie en die in de zaak Piatkowski
(161)
3.
Artikel 1 van het eerste Protocol bij het Europees Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens en de fundamentele vrijheden waarborgt geen recht op een pensioen als zodanig. Het ouderdomspensioen op deze manier verminderen of niet toekennen impliceert geen regulering van het gebruik van eigendom noch een ontnemen van eigendom, indien er een juist evenwicht wordt gevonden tussen het algemeen belang van de gemeenschap en de verplichting om de grondrechten van het individu te respecteren
(162)
(English version)
Question for written answer E-000727/13
to the Commission
Ria Oomen-Ruijten (PPE) and Ivo Belet (PPE)
(24 January 2013)
Subject: Expiry of the right to an accrued Dutch State Pension
The Netherlands is increasing its statutory retirement (AOW — basic state pension) age to 67. The accrued pension benefits are calculated for residents from the age of 17 up and to 67 years (maximum 50 years 2% per year) and no longer from 15 to 65.
There are Belgian cross-border workers that have been working in the Netherlands between the ages of 15 and 17 and who have paid their AOW contributions during that time. The statutory retirement age in Belgium is 65. If these workers retire at 65, they will not receive a Dutch AOW pension for two years. When they do start receiving a Dutch pension at the age of 67, then their pension accruals for the 15th and 16th year of their lives (2 x 2%) and for which they have paid contributions, are not paid out to them. Dutch residents, who have not made use of the free movement of workers right, receive their full AOW pension at the retirement age of 67 (50 x 2%).
1.
Is EC law (Art. 45 TFEU, principle of loyal cooperation) and the Leyman ruling (C-3/08) contrary to this new Dutch legislation that results in a cross-border/migrant worker
— not receiving a pension for 2 years
— and then receiving from his 67th year, no pension or a lower (-4%) Dutch AOW pension?
2.
Is Dutch law not contrary to EC law in respect to the Piatkowski ruling (Article 36 of C‐493/04) that stated that social security contributions should not be made without a person being entitled to a contribution?
2.
Is Dutch law not contrary to EC law in respect to the Piatkowski ruling (Article 36 of C‐493/04) that stated that social security contributions should not be made without a person being entitled to a contribution?
(163)
3.
Is the new Dutch AOW legislation with regard to cross-border workers and migrant workers not in breach of Article 1 of the First Protocol of the ECHR ?
3.
Is the new Dutch AOW legislation with regard to cross-border workers and migrant workers not in breach of Article 1 of the First Protocol of the ECHR ?
(164)
Answer given by Mr Andor on behalf of the Commission
(20 March 2013)
1.
The Commission is of the opinion that the mere fact that the right to an AOW pension takes effect on a later date, in accordance with the case-law mentioned by the Honourable Member, is not incompatible with Articles 45 and 48 TFEU, provided that this does not put a worker at a disadvantage compared with those who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State and it does not result in the payment of social security contributions on which there is no return. The entitlement to an AOW pension of residents of the Netherlands who retire at the age of 65 and who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State does not take account of periods worked by them from their 15th to their 17th birthdays.
1.
The Commission is of the opinion that the mere fact that the right to an AOW pension takes effect on a later date, in accordance with the case-law mentioned by the Honourable Member, is not incompatible with Articles 45 and 48 TFEU, provided that this does not put a worker at a disadvantage compared with those who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State and it does not result in the payment of social security contributions on which there is no return. The entitlement to an AOW pension of residents of the Netherlands who retire at the age of 65 and who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State does not take account of periods worked by them from their 15th to their 17th birthdays.
2.
The Commission is of the opinion that this situation is different from that in the Piatkowski
1.
The Commission is of the opinion that the mere fact that the right to an AOW pension takes effect on a later date, in accordance with the case-law mentioned by the Honourable Member, is not incompatible with Articles 45 and 48 TFEU, provided that this does not put a worker at a disadvantage compared with those who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State and it does not result in the payment of social security contributions on which there is no return. The entitlement to an AOW pension of residents of the Netherlands who retire at the age of 65 and who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State does not take account of periods worked by them from their 15th to their 17th birthdays.
2.
The Commission is of the opinion that this situation is different from that in the Piatkowski
(165)
1.
The Commission is of the opinion that the mere fact that the right to an AOW pension takes effect on a later date, in accordance with the case-law mentioned by the Honourable Member, is not incompatible with Articles 45 and 48 TFEU, provided that this does not put a worker at a disadvantage compared with those who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State and it does not result in the payment of social security contributions on which there is no return. The entitlement to an AOW pension of residents of the Netherlands who retire at the age of 65 and who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State does not take account of periods worked by them from their 15th to their 17th birthdays.
2.
The Commission is of the opinion that this situation is different from that in the Piatkowski
3.
Article 1 of the first Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms does not guarantee the right to a pension as such. A retirement pension reduced or forfeited in this manner involves neither the control of use of property nor the depriving of a possession if a fair balance is struck between the general interest of the community and the requirement to protect the individual's fundamental rights
1.
The Commission is of the opinion that the mere fact that the right to an AOW pension takes effect on a later date, in accordance with the case-law mentioned by the Honourable Member, is not incompatible with Articles 45 and 48 TFEU, provided that this does not put a worker at a disadvantage compared with those who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State and it does not result in the payment of social security contributions on which there is no return. The entitlement to an AOW pension of residents of the Netherlands who retire at the age of 65 and who carry out their gainful activities solely within that Member State does not take account of periods worked by them from their 15th to their 17th birthdays.
2.
The Commission is of the opinion that this situation is different from that in the Piatkowski
(165)
3.
Article 1 of the first Protocol to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms does not guarantee the right to a pension as such. A retirement pension reduced or forfeited in this manner involves neither the control of use of property nor the depriving of a possession if a fair balance is struck between the general interest of the community and the requirement to protect the individual's fundamental rights
(166)
(Versión española)
Pregunta con solicitud de respuesta escrita E-000730/13
a la Comisión
Ramon Tremosa i Balcells (ALDE)
(24 de enero de 2013)
Asunto: Tripas artificiales de proteínas endurecidas
Sabiendo que el producto 3917 10 10 «tripas artificiales de proteínas endurecidas (derivadas de productos animales)» actúa únicamente como cobertura de embutidos con una actividad de agua muy inferior a los productos cárnicos, acidez inferior a PH3, humedades absolutas muy bajas, sin contaminaciones cruzadas, siendo proteínas fibrosas químicamente tratadas con ácidos y álcalis agresivos que confieren al producto una vida útil muy superior al resto de derivados cárnicos y siendo la tripa de colágeno prácticamente imperecedera, no necesitando conservación (manteniéndose perfectamente en condiciones de temperatura ambiente), no precisando cadena de frío, atmósferas controladas, envase al vacío, etc. para mantener intactas sus propiedades:
A la luz de lo anterior,
¿Cree la Comisión que se debería proceder a la posible consideración de exclusión del producto 3917 10 10 «tripas artificiales de proteínas endurecidas (derivadas de productos animales)» del anexo (a la Decisión 2012/31/UE) de productos que han de someterse a control veterinario fronterizo, especialmente si se trata de un producto fabricado en la Unión Europea y únicamente exportado a un país extracomunitario (Turquía) para su plisado y envasado?
Pregunta con solicitud de respuesta escrita E-000732/13
a la Comisión
Ramon Tremosa i Balcells (ALDE)
(24 de enero de 2013)
Asunto: Tripas artificiales de proteínas endurecidas II
Como medida para ser competitivas, algunas empresas europeas mandan tripas artificiales de proteínas endurecidas (derivadas de productos animales) para su plisado y envasado y su posterior reenvío a Europa. A partir de la entrada en vigor de la Decisión 2012/31/UE, el mencionado producto está sujeto a control en los puestos de inspección fronterizos, necesitando de un certificado sanitario que de momento FME no puede emitir. Tras la consulta de los representantes de los Estados miembros y las partes interesadas en relación con los intercambios comerciales de tripas de colágeno, la Comisión llegó a la conclusión de que el código de mercancía 3504 no puede utilizarse para estos productos. El código de mercancía correcto para las tripas de colágeno es el código NC 3917 10 10, que, en consecuencia, ha sido incluido en la lista positiva mediante la Decisión 2012/31/UE de la Comisión (170). Dicha inclusión garantiza que las tripas de colágeno exportadas de terceros países se presentan en los controles fronterizos veterinarios para comprobar que su producción, transformación y distribución son conformes con los requisitos de higiene de la UE.
Los requisitos de la UE para este producto no se han modificado y la Comisión no tiene la intención de excluir las tripas de colágeno de los controles veterinarios fronterizos. Tales controles son también aplicables a los productos de la UE que se exportan para su transformación y redistribución a terceros países con el fin de reintroducirlos de nuevo en la EU, ya que la aplicación de los requisitos de higiene de la UE establecidos en el Reglamento (CE) n° 852/2004 (171) se aplican a todas las fases de la producción, la transformación y la distribución de alimentos.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-000730/13
to the Commission
Ramon Tremosa i Balcells (ALDE)
(24 January 2013)
Subject: Artificial guts made of hardened protein
Product 39171010 — artificial guts of hardened protein derived from animal products — is used solely as sausage casing and has a much lower water activity than meat products, acidity below Ph3, very low absolute humidity and no cross contamination, being made up of fibrous proteins chemically treated with aggressive alkali and acids which gives the product a far longer shelf life than other meat-derived products, as collagen casing is virtually non-perishable and requires neither conservation (it keeps perfectly at room temperature) nor refrigeration, a controlled environment or vacuum packing, etc., in order to maintain its properties.
In light of the above:
Does the Commission believe that it is time to consider the exclusion of product 39171010 — artificial guts of hardened protein derived from animal products — from the list of products subject to border veterinary checks contained in Annex I to Decision 2007/275/EC (amended by Commission implementing Decision 2012/31/EU), particularly in view of the fact that the product in question is manufactured in the EU and only exported to one non-EU country (Turkey) for folding and packaging?
Question for written answer E-000732/13
to the Commission
Ramon Tremosa i Balcells (ALDE)
(24 January 2013)
Subject: Artificial guts made from hardened protein II
In order to be competitive, some European firms send artificial guts made from hardened protein (derived from animal products) to Turkey for folding and packaging, after which they are returned to Europe. With the entry into force of Commission implementing Decision 2012/31/EU, this product became subject to checks at border inspection posts and requires a health certificate which FME is not at present able to issue. From this point on, the firm is unable to import the material produced at its facilities, as it is deemed to be of Turkish origin, having been folded and packaged in the Turkish free zone. This situation is prejudicial to and may seriously disrupt the commercial and economic activity of the firms involved.
Bearing in mind that:
—
the recitals of Commission implementing Decision 2012/31/EU refer back to the same directives (91/496/EEC, 97/78/EC and 97/496/EC) and the decision itself, in Recital 5 thereof, states that its aim is to adapt the ‘terminology’ and ‘references’;
—
the product description of ‘artificial guts made from hardened protein deriving from animal products’ has undergone no change between the date of the amended Decision 2007/275/EC and that of implementing Decision 2012/31/EU. The only change is in the NC code, which previously had four digits and is now 3917 10 10;
could the Commission explain what new circumstance, debate, risk or decision has caused the change in criteria between the original annex (to Decision 2007/275/EC) and the new one (to Decision 2012/31/EU) concerning products subject to veterinary border control which has led to the product classified as ‘artificial guts made from hardened protein deriving from animal products’ becoming subject to such control, when this was not previously the case?
Joint answer given by Mr Borg on behalf of the Commission
(11 March 2013)
The model health certificate for imports of collagen intended for human consumption is laid down in Part A of Appendix III to Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 2074/2005 (172). In accordance with this certificate, Commodity code 3504 (173), which is defined in EU Customs legislation, should be used for collagen. That code is listed in Annex I to Decision 2007/275/EC (174) laying down the list of products of animal origin which have to be presented for veterinary controls to EU approved border inspection posts (positive list).
Following consultation of Member States' representatives and stakeholders in relation to the existing trade of collagen casings, the Commission concluded that Commodity code 3504 cannot be used for these products. The correct Commodity code for collagen casings is CN code 3917 10 10, which — as a consequence — has been included in the positive list by Commission Decision 2012/31/EU (175). That inclusion ensures that collagen casings exported from non-EU countries are presented for veterinary border controls to verify that their production, processing and distribution is in line with the EU hygiene requirements.
EU requirements for this commodity have not been changed and the Commission does not have the intention to exclude collagen casings from veterinary border controls. Such controls are also applicable if EU products are exported for further processing and re-distribution to non-EU countries with the aim to re-introduce them into the EU as the application of the EU hygiene requirements laid down in Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 (176) apply during all stages of production, processing and distribution of food.
(Wersja polska)
Pytanie wymagające odpowiedzi pisemnej E-000733/13
do Komisji
Zbigniew Ziobro (EFD), Jacek Włosowicz (EFD), Jacek Olgierd Kurski (EFD) oraz Tadeusz Cymański (EFD)
(24 stycznia 2013 r.)
Przedmiot: W przedmiocie tworzonego systemu fotoradarów w Polsce
W ostatnim czasie w polskich mediach trwa burzliwa dyskusja na temat zasadności tworzonego w Polsce systemu sieci fotoradarów. Do początku stycznia przy polskich drogach ustawionych zostało 300 takich urządzeń. Po drogach porusza się 29 nieoznakowanych samochodów Inspekcji Transportu Drogowego, również wyposażonych w urządzenie rejestrujące wykroczenie drogowe. Dodatkowo Inspekcja Transportu Drogowego planuje stworzyć system odcinkowego pomiaru prędkości na polskich drogach.
Trudno polemizować z twierdzeniami, że należy robić wszystko, żeby podejmować działania służące poprawie bezpieczeństwa na polskich drogach. I w tym zakresie wydawać by się mogło bezzasadnym jest kwestionowanie powyższych działań.
Jednak Ministerstwo Finansów zapisało w budżecie 1,5 mld zł przychodu w roku 2012 z tytułu wpływów z mandatów za wykroczenia drogowe. Staje się to zatem podstawą do postawienia pytania: czy nie jest to forma swego rodzaju ukrytego podatku, który płacić będą kierowcy.
Bowiem, biorąc pod uwagę, że po polskich drogach porusza się 10 mln samochodów, łatwo można wyliczyć, że średnio na każdy samochód przypadać będzie kwota 150 zł, jaką średnio w ciągu roku posiadający pojazd wpłacić będzie musiał na rzecz skarbu Państwa.
W związku z powyższym pragniemy zapytać:
Czy pozbawienie przez Inspekcję Transportu Drogowego możliwości wglądu do zdjęcia z fotoradaru w sytuacji, gdy właściciel pojazdu ma wątpliwości przy ustaleniu rzeczywistego sprawcy wykroczenia rejestrującego wykroczenie jest zgodne z dyrektywą 2011/82/EU?
Czy inicjatywa ta jest finansowana ze środków europejskich? Jeśli tak, to czy przy widocznym deficycie autostrad i dróg ekspresowych w Polsce, złym stanie dróg już istniejących, zasadnym jest przeznaczanie ogromnych środków finansowych na system fotoradarowy w Polsce, zamiast te, póki co, przeznaczać na budowę czy remonty dróg już istniejących?
Czy zdaniem Komisji Europejskiej powyżej przedstawione podejście polskich służb do problemu uwzględnia najlepsze praktyki w zakresie poprawiania bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego?
Odpowiedź udzielona przez komisarza Siima Kallasa w imieniu Komisji
(27 marca 2013 r.)
Dyrektywa 2011/82/UE wprowadza ułatwienia w zakresie transgranicznej wymiany informacji dotyczących przestępstw lub wykroczeń związanych z bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego (177). Państwo członkowskie popełnienia przestępstwa lub wykroczenia może poinformować domniemanego sprawcę przestępstwa lub wykroczenia związanego z bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego za pomocą pisma informacyjnego, którego wzór jest określony w dyrektywie. Nie przesądza ona jednak, czy sprawca powinien mieć dostęp do zdjęcia. Co więcej, dyrektywa nie przewiduje harmonizacji przepisów dotyczących charakteru przestępstw lub wykroczeń lub systemu kar za sprawstwo. Decyzja dotycząca ustanowienia takich przepisów należy zasadniczo do kompetencji poszczególnych państw członkowskich. Dlatego też Komisja nie może skomentować informacji na temat nowego systemu egzekwowania prędkości wprowadzonego w Polsce zgodnie z opisem przedstawionym przez Szanownych Panów Posłów.
Komisja potwierdza, że w ramach środków bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego pewne projekty współfinansowane przez UE obejmują zakup kamer na potrzeby egzekwowania przepisów ruchu drogowego (w ramach osi priorytetowej VIII „Bezpieczeństwo transportu i krajowe sieci transportowe” programu operacyjnego „Infrastruktura i Środowisko”).
(English version)
Question for written answer E-000733/13
to the Commission
Zbigniew Ziobro (EFD), Jacek Włosowicz (EFD), Jacek Olgierd Kurski (EFD) and Tadeusz Cymański (EFD)
(24 January 2013)
Subject: Poland's traffic enforcement camera system
A heated debate has recently been playing out in the Polish media on whether the traffic enforcement camera system currently being set up in Poland is justifiable. By the start of January 2013, 300 traffic enforcement cameras had been placed alongside roads in Poland. Some 29 unmarked road transport inspectorate vehicles equipped with devices to record traffic offences are also circulating on Polish roads. Additionally, the road transport inspectorate plans to put a system in place to measure average speeds along stretches of road.
It is hard to disagree with the statement that we must do all we can to improve safety on Poland’s roads. In this context, it may appear unjustifiable to question the measures described above.
However, Polish Ministry of Finance figures show that fines imposed for traffic offences brought in revenues of PLN 1.5 billion for the national budget. This begs the question: is this not a form of hidden taxation imposed on drivers?
There are 10 million vehicles on Poland’s roads, and it is reasonable to estimate that every car owner will end up paying the treasury PLN 150 in fines in an average year.
In this connection:
The Polish road transport inspectorate does not allow people to see photographs taken by traffic enforcement cameras in cases where the vehicle owner disputes the identity of the offender captured on the photograph. Is this in accordance with Directive 2011/82/EU?
Does this initiative receive EU funding? If so, in view of the glaring lack of motorways and high-speed roads in Poland and the poor state of repair of existing roads, does it make sense to invest such large amounts of money in a traffic enforcement camera system instead of in constructing new or repairing existing roads?
In the Commission’s opinion, does the Polish authorities’ approach to the issue as described above take account of best practices as regards improving road safety?
Answer given by Mr Kallas on behalf of the Commission
(27 March 2013)
Directive 2011/82/EU facilitates the cross-border exchange of information on road safety related traffic offences (178). The Member State of the offence may inform the presumed offender of the road safety related traffic offence by information letter whose template is set out in the directive, but it does not prescribe whether the offender should have access to the photograph or not. The directive moreover does not harmonise rules concerning the nature of the offences or the penalty scheme for the offences. The decision to set such rules lies in principle within the competence of the Member States concerned. Therefore, the Commission cannot comment on the details of the new speed enforcement scheme reportedly introduced in Poland as described by the Honourable Members.
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US-201916282954-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Heat exchange apparatus having a plurality of modular flow path assemblies, encased in a core body with a plurality of corresponding flow path assembly seats, providing means for independent positioning and axial alignment for a desired effect
ABSTRACT
A heat exchanger with a plurality of flow path assemblies disposed in a core body, a first and a second core surface of the core body provided with a plurality of throughholes. Each throughhole on the first and the second core surface mated individually with a flow path assembly seat, a coupling means providing independent positioning as well as longitudinal axial orientation means to each of the flow path assembly disposed in the core body, wherein each flow path assembly seat provided on the first core surface engages a first tubular section of a corresponding flow path assembly, while each flow path assembly seat provided on the second core surface engages a second tubular section of a corresponding flow path assembly. Each flow path assembly provided with at least one chamber section, each chamber section having a medium directing component disposed within for a desired medium flow effect.
A heat exchange apparatus having a plurality of modular flow path assemblies, encased in a core body with a plurality of corresponding flow path assembly seats, providing means for independent positioning and axial alignment for a desired effect.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In a typical heat exchanger, a core body comprising of a plurality of tube sections is provided wherein at least two heat exchange mediums are utilized to facilitate heat exchange between the two heat exchange mediums. A first heat exchange medium is generally contained inside the plurality of tube sections while a second heat exchange medium flows outside the plurality of tube sections. The purpose of using a typical heat exchanger is to generally transfer heat from the first heat exchange medium to the second heat exchange medium. The heat can be transferred from inside the heat exchanger to the outside, or vice versa. With the desire to effectively utilize a limited amount of packaging space provided for a heat exchanger in an application, the heat exchanger may not be provided with an environment that optimizes heat transfer performance. Namely, when free flowing external heat exchange medium such as air is used as an external heat exchange medium, it is vital that the heat exchanger is provided with an optimal flow path for the external heat exchange medium, facilitating effective transfer of heat between the first and the second heat exchange medium. In an automotive application, for example, heat exchangers vital for proper operation of a vehicle are typically located at the very front of the vehicle, to facilitate means to provide the heat exchangers with as much flow of air as possible to achieve optimum heat transfer. The location at the front of the vehicle is desirable, as the location generally provides the heat exchangers with the optimum flow of the external heat exchange medium, which in the automotive radiator application may generally be air.
However, as the desire to design a smaller, more compact vehicle is pursued, the traditional space at the front of the vehicle may no longer be available for the purpose of locating heat exchangers. As such, need arises to position the heat exchangers at non-traditional positions, such as to a side of a vehicle engine compartment, on a side fender panel, or on a bonnet of a vehicle, for example. As the alternative heat exchanger locations typically do not provide for optimum external heat exchange medium flow, a solution must be devised to provide the heat exchanger with an optimum external heat exchange medium flow regardless of the positioning of the heat exchanger within the vehicle, which may include space or shape limitations, for example. Similar constraints impacting optimal heat transfer efficiency is not only limited in an automotive application, therefore, a solution provided herein may be applied to a variety of heat exchanger applications. Similar constraints may be observed in other applications of heat exchangers, such as in general electronics, appliances, and industrial cooling systems, for example. The present invention relates to optimization of the external heat exchange medium flow, wherein individual flow paths provided within the heat exchanger for the external heat exchange medium are optimized for positioning as well as horizontal and vertical axial orientation to enhance the overall heat exchange performance, while achieving the desired effect in a cost effective manner along with enhancements made to the heat conduction effectiveness, yielding higher heat transfer performance in a smaller heat exchanger package.
Discussion of the Related Art
A prior art heat exchanger, commonly called a tube and fin heat exchanger, is typically comprised of a plurality of tubular sections and fin sections stacked interchangeably together as an assembly to generally optimize ease of assembly. The tubular sections are used to transport the internal heat exchange medium as well as to transfer heat between the internal heat transfer medium and the external heat transfer medium. The fin sections are attached to the exterior surface of the tube sections to supplement the tubes in transferring heat between the internal heat exchange medium and the external heat exchange medium. The assembly comprising the tube sections and the fin sections, commonly referred to as a core, is designed primarily for minimizing assembly cost, in turn, generally not given any provisions for cost effective means for minute adjustments of individual tubular section and fin section orientation to optimally align the individual components to the expected flow pattern of the external heat exchange medium.
The core section of the prior art heat exchanger generally is designed for a simplified uniform flow of the external heat exchange medium, wherein the assumption is that the flow of the external heat exchange medium is uniform throughout the core surface, even though in actual application, it is typically not the case. Similarly, in some instances where space is restricted for positioning of a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger may be bent or contorted to fit in a space available in an application. For example, a radiator for a motorcycle is generally placed in front of an engine of the motorcycle. Due to the size restriction of the space generally available for the radiator, the radiator core is commonly provided with a tapered core shape that is generally concave convexo in appearance, when observed from the frontal plane of the radiator.
As the core is formed to fit in the required package space, the tube sections and fin sections provided within the core may no longer align in the most desirable way with the expected flow pattern of the external heat exchange medium, which may negatively affect the performance of the heat exchanger. Namely, when the flow path for the external heat exchange medium is not ideally aligned to the expected flow pattern of the external heat exchange medium, the external heat exchange medium may be required to make flow directional changes within the core of the heat exchanger, thereby hampering heat transfer effectiveness by increasing pressure drop effect to the external heat exchange medium, generally known in the art to adversely affect the performance of the heat exchanger. As the performance of the heat exchanger is negatively affected, the heat exchanger may need to be larger in physical size, which generally results in need for additional raw material, which in turn results in additional weight and cost as well as requiring additional packaging space for the heat exchanger placement.
Generally, in a prior art heat exchanger, a first lateral side of the core is terminated with a first header plate while a second lateral side of the core is terminated with a second header plate. The first and the second header plates are laterally space apart, positioned generally parallel to each other. Coupled between the first and the second header plates are a plurality of tubes and fin structures, positioned transversely in relation to the pair of header plates. First leading longitudinal edge of the plurality of tubes and fin structures form a frontal plane of the core, generally facing the flow of the external heat exchange medium, wherein space provided between the plurality of tubes and fins act as an inlet for the external heat exchange medium of the heat exchanger. Second trailing longitudinal edge of the plurality of tubes and fin structures form a backward facing plane of the core, wherein space provided between the plurality of tubes and fins act as an outlet for the external heat exchange medium to facilitate discharge of the external heat exchange medium out of the heat exchanger.
In a prior art heat exchanger, as the first lateral end of the plurality of tubes are affixed to the first header plate while the second lateral end of the plurality of tubes are affixed to the second header plate, when a heat exchanger application calls for the heat exchanger core surface to be formed or contorted in shape to fit within a given package space, the external heat exchange medium flow paths provided within the core generally obtains similarly contorted flow path arrangement. Therefore, the flow path provided for the external heat exchange medium within the heat exchanger core may no longer align with the expected flow path of the external heat exchange medium, negatively affecting the heat transfer effectiveness of the heat exchanger as a result. As the orientation of the individual tubes and fins are dictated by the corresponding mating holes for the tubes provided on the first and the second header plates, the only adjustment available for the tubes and fins are vertical angulation at best. As a result, it is difficult if not impossible to align individual flow paths provided within the core for the external heat exchange medium in a desired way to optimize external heat exchange medium flow to maintain heat transfer effectiveness in a cost-effective manner.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the flow paths for the external heat exchange medium within a core body are provided by a plurality of flow path assemblies, which are independent, modular, and self-contained units permitting means to independently align the individual flow path assemblies, in an easy, cost effective manner within the core body of the heat exchanger. The internal heat exchange medium for the heat exchanger flow within the core body, contained within a vessel comprised of a plurality of core body panels, which can be easily separately designed without adversely affecting the locating means or axial orientation of the plurality of flow path assemblies, thereby permitting means to obtain desirable heat transfer performance for any given application of the heat exchanger. A frontal plane of the heat exchanger core body is established by a first core surface while a backward facing plane of the heat exchanger core body is established by a second core surface. The positioning and axial orientation of the individual flow path assemblies within the core body are accomplished by the corresponding individual flow path assembly seats provided on the first core surface and individual flow path assembly seats provided on the second core surface, which together provides for means to independently align and locate within the core body the individual flow path assemblies, regardless of the general planar characteristics established by the first core surface and the second core surface. Such feature allows for heat exchanger design maximizing flow of the external heat exchange medium into the core body of the heat exchanger, minimizing pressure drop effect to the external heat exchange medium flow, vastly improving heat transfer effectiveness as a result. Furthermore, as individual flow path assemblies are modular units, flow path assemblies of various configurations may be coupled within the core body for a desired effect in a cost-effective manner. Improved performance as a result permits designing smaller heat exchanger of equal or higher heat transfer performance compared to a conventional heat exchanger, permitting means for significant cost savings in usage of raw materials and assembly cost, which by extension permits designing heat exchanger of lighter weight, generally a desirable feature in many heat exchanger applications.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In an embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchanger is provided with a core body. Exterior structure of the core body is a fluid containing vessel, comprising of at least one component, having a first core surface having a thickness, a second core surface having a thickness set at a predetermined longitudinal spacing away from the first core surface, a first lateral core wall having a thickness sealingly mating the first lateral side edge respectively of the first core surface and the second core surface, a second lateral core wall having a thickness sealingly mating the second lateral side edge respectively of the first core surface and the second core surface, a top core wall having a thickness longitudinally sealingly mating the top vertical edge respectively of the first core surface and the second core surface while laterally sealingly mating the top vertical edge respectively of the first lateral core wall and the second lateral core wall, and a bottom core wall having a thickness longitudinally sealingly mating the bottom vertical edge respectively of the first core surface and the second core surface, while laterally sealingly mating the bottom vertical edge respectively of the first lateral core wall and the second lateral core wall.
Coupled within the fluid containing vessel comprising the first and second core surface, the first and second lateral core wall, and the top and bottom core wall are a plurality of flow path assemblies completing the core body. A first heat exchange medium flow within the fluid containing vessel, while flowing externally of the plurality of flow path assemblies coupled within the core body. A second heat exchange medium flow within the plurality of flow path assemblies coupled within the core body, facilitating heat transfer between the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium by conduction generally through the material comprising the plurality of flow path assemblies.
The top core wall may be provided with at least one inlet to introduce the first heat exchange medium into the heat exchanger. The bottom core wall may be provided with at least one outlet to discharge the first heat exchange medium out of the heat exchanger. In an embodiment of the present invention, the top core wall may be sealingly coupled to an inlet tank. In another embodiment of the present invention, the bottom core wall may be sealingly coupled to an outlet tank. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the top core wall and the bottom core wall may both be individually coupled to a respective tank.
The core body is provided with the first core surface having a plurality of throughholes, which are orifices extending the thickness of the first core surface. The first core surface may be rectangular, square or any other geometric shape, such as trapezoidal shape, for example. The first side of the first core surface may be of generally flat planar surface, or it may have a contour to give the surface a convex or a concave shape. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the first side of the first core surface may feature a right angle, providing the first core surface with more than one distinct planar surfaces. Furthermore, the contour provided on the first side of the first core surface may be of a singular moderate radius, a combination of a plurality of moderate radii, one or more of an obtuse or an acute angle, or a combination of one or more radii and angles. The opposite side of the first side of the first core surface is a second side of the first core surface. On the second side of the first core surface, the plurality of throughholes provided on the first core surface are individually mated with a flow path assembly seat surrounding the individual throughholes for the purpose of coupling a first longitudinal end of the plurality of individual flow path assemblies to the first core surface. The flow path assembly seat surfaces provided on the first core surface may be set at a parallel angle relative to the plane established by the respective second side of the first core surface in the immediate vicinity surrounding the individual flow path assembly seat surfaces, or in other embodiment of the present invention, the flow path assembly seat surfaces may not be parallel to the plane established by the respective second side of the first core surface in the immediate vicinity surrounding the flow path assembly seat surfaces.
Longitudinally spaced apart from the second side of the first core surface is the second core surface, wherein a first side of the second core surface faces the second side of the first core surface. In an embodiment of the present invention, the contour of the first side of the second core surface may generally mirror the shape of the second side of the first core surface. In other embodiment of the present invention, however, the first side of the second core surface may not mirror the contour of the second side of the first core surface. The second core surface is provided with a plurality of throughholes, which are orifices extending the thickness of the second core surface. The quantity of throughholes provided on the second core surface generally correspond to the quantity of throughholes provided on the first core surface.
The plurality of throughholes provided on the second core surface are individually mated with the flow path assembly seat surface surrounding the individual throughholes for the purpose of individually coupling a second longitudinal end of the plurality of individual flow path assemblies to the second core surface. The flow path assembly seat surfaces on the second core surface may be parallel relative to the plane established by the first side of the second core surface in the immediate vicinity surrounding the individual flow path assembly seat surface, or in other embodiments of the present invention may not be parallel to the plane established by the respective first side of the second core surface in the immediate vicinity surrounding the flow path assembly seat surface.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second heat exchange medium is introduced into the heat exchanger through the plurality of throughholes provided on the first core surface, travel through the plurality of flow path assemblies provided in the core body, then discharged out of the plurality of throughholes provided on the second core surface.
The flow path assembly seats on the first core surface and the second core surface provide for means for independent adjustment of the horizontal and the vertical axial orientation of the individual flow path assemblies, regardless of the plane established by the first and the second core surface. The flow path assembly seats further provide locating means of the individual flow path assemblies within the core body.
In an embodiment of the present invention, flow path assembly seats populated on the second side of the first core surface may set flush with the plane established by the second side of the first core surface. In other embodiments of the present invention, a first longitudinal end of the flow path assembly seats may be set at a plane that is outwardly extending from the plane established by the first side of the first core surface, or yet in another embodiment a second longitudinal end of the flow path assembly seats may be set inward from the plane established by the second side of the first core surface. Similarly, flow path assembly seats populated on the first side of the second core surface may set flush with the plane established by the first side of the second core surface. In other embodiments of the present invention, a first longitudinal end of the flow path assembly seats populated on the first side of the second core surface may be set at a plane that is inward from the plane established by the first side of the second core surface or the second longitudinal end of the flow path assembly seats may extend outward from the plane established by a second side of the second core surface.
The second heat exchange medium introduced into the plurality flow path assemblies encounter a plurality of obstacles that force fluid flow directional changes that disrupt heat transfer boundary layer formation, which in turn improves heat transfer effectiveness of the heat exchange medium. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow paths provided are void of secondary surface features, such as an offset fin or other structures known in the art. However, in other embodiment of the present invention, secondary surface features know in the art may be populated within or outside of the flow path assembly.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a first longitudinal end of the plurality of flow path assemblies are individually provided with the first tubular section. The first tubular section is a hollow member, permitting flow of the second heat exchange medium therethrough, while providing coupling means for the plurality of flow path assemblies to a corresponding first panel flow path assembly seats provided on the first core surface. In an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the first tubular section may be smaller than the diameter of the chamber section. In other embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the first tubular section may generally be the same as the diameter of the chamber section. A second longitudinal end of the plurality of flow path assemblies are individually provided with the second tubular section. The second tubular section is a hollow member, permitting flow of the second heat exchange medium therethrough, while also providing coupling means for the plurality of flow path assemblies to the plurality of corresponding second panel flow path assembly seats provided on the second core surface. In an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the second tubular section may be shown smaller than the diameter of the chamber section. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the second tubular section may generally be the same as the diameter of the chamber section. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first tubular section is coupled to a first longitudinal end of the chamber section while the second tubular section is coupled to a second longitudinal end of the chamber section.
Longitudinally disposed between the first tubular section and the second tubular section is the chamber section. The chamber section is a hollow member, permitting flow of the second heat exchange medium therethrough. The first tubular section, the chamber section, and the second tubular section are fluidly connected to each other, permitting flow of the second heat exchange medium between respective components comprising the flow path assembly.
Disposed within the chamber section is the medium directing component. The medium directing component generally functions to longitudinally partition the heat exchange medium flow space provided within the chamber section into two distinct longitudinal zones, an anterior chamber section longitudinally spaced between the first core surface and the medium directing component and a posterior chamber section longitudinally spaced between the medium directing component and a medium directing component base, a planar member, which in an embodiment of the present invention, may be provided as part of the posterior chamber wall of the chamber section. In another embodiment of the present invention, the posterior chamber section may be longitudinally spaced between the medium directing component and a seat interior base, a planar panel member, coupled to the second core surface to maximize the flow space available for the second heat exchange medium to further mix and agitate within the flow path assembly to enhance overall heat transfer efficiency.
The medium directing component, having an inlet medium directing panel, a generally planar member facing towards the first core panel throughholes, further functions to disperse as well as divert the flow of the second heat exchange medium collected in the anterior chamber section. The inlet medium directing panel having a planar surface set at an inclined angle relative to the longitudinal axial orientation of the chamber section induces great amount of swirling and mixing effect to the second heat exchange medium within the chamber section as the second heat exchange medium is directed towards the inlet medium directing panel, while the inclined face of the inlet medium directing panel functions to simultaneously divert the flow of the second heat exchange medium in a generally vertical direction, generally following the slope of the angled face of the inlet medium directing panel. The inlet medium directing panel is generally free of any heat exchange medium flow restricting obstructions on its lateral edges that may restrict the amount of swirling and mixing effect occurring to the second heat exchange medium within the chamber section. Minimizing presence of obstruction on the inlet medium directing panel further lends itself to reduce potential pressure drop effect to the flow of the second heat exchange medium, which may be detrimental to the heat transfer performance, while maintaining the beneficial effect of swirling and mixing effect to the second heat exchange medium.
After the second heat exchange medium is directed into the vertical direction of flow within the interior of the chamber section by the inlet medium directing panel, the second heat exchange medium is further diverted into two divergent flow patterns within the chamber section in a semi-circular manner, generally symmetrical to one another. The two semi-circular flow patterns generally flow away from each other, while generally vertically axially aligned to one another, following the contour of the interior of the chamber section within the posterior chamber section, the respective flows longitudinally located between the medium directing component and the medium directing component base. In another embodiment of the present invention, the two semi-circular flow of the second heat exchange medium may be located between the medium directing component and the seat interior base coupled to the second core surface, located at the terminal edge of a second longitudinal end of the second tubular section, thereby maximizing the interior space available within the flow path assembly to facilitate further swirling and mixing effect to the second heat exchange medium, enhancing the overall heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. In an embodiment of the present invention, the seat interior base may be an independent component coupled to the medium directing component or to the second core surface. In other embodiment of the present invention, the seat interior base may be provided as an integral component of the second core surface or the medium directing component.
The configuration of the interior contour of the chamber section along with a first lateral directing panel, a top directing panel, and a second lateral directing panel coupled to the medium directing component channels the flow of the two semi-circular flow of the second heat exchange medium originated on the anterior section of the chamber section towards an outlet medium directing panel. The outlet medium directing panel is an inclined planar surface provided on the medium directing component, generally on the opposite side of the inlet medium directing panel. The outlet medium directing panel is partially laterally abutted by the first lateral directing panel and the second lateral directing panel while a top vertical end of the outlet medium directing panel is terminated with the top directing panel, obstructing the second heat exchange medium introduced towards the outlet medium directing panel located within the posterior section of the chamber section from flowing back towards the anterior section of the chamber section, located forward of the medium directing component. Minimizing flow back of the second heat exchange medium prevents pressure drop effect to the second heat exchange medium, thereby enhancing the heat transfer effectiveness of the heat exchanger by extension.
Furthermore, when the second heat exchange medium is directed towards the outlet medium directing panel, the medium directing component having the first lateral directing panel, the second lateral directing panel and the top directing panel acting as a barrier, generally merge the two semi-circular flow of the second heat exchange medium into a singular flow, while simultaneously directing the flow of the second heat exchange medium in a new longitudinal flow direction, wherein the angle of attack of the new flow direction is substantially divergent from the respective lines of flow of each semi-circular flow paths. The outlet medium directing panel of the medium directing member has an inclined surface, generally diverting the flow of the second heat exchange medium to nearly a perpendicular flow pattern in relation to the two semi-circular flow paths, now generally axially aligned to the longitudinal axial orientation of the chamber section, where the flow of the second heat exchange medium is further directed towards the throughholes provided on the second core surface.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a first longitudinal end respectively of the first lateral directing panel, the second lateral directing panel, and the top vertical directing panel are coupled to the outlet medium directing panel, while a second longitudinal end respectively of the first lateral directing panel, the second lateral directing panel, and the top vertical directing panel are coupled to the seat interior base. In other embodiment of the present invention, the second longitudinal end of the respective components may be coupled to the medium directing component base. The configuration comprising of the outlet medium directing panel, the first lateral directing panel, the second lateral directing panel, and the top vertical directing panel acts as a channel for the second heat exchange medium, fully directing the flow of the second heat exchange medium towards the throughholes provided on the second core surface, enhancing the heat transfer effectiveness by minimizing pressure drop effect to the second heat exchange medium. The arrangement also generally prevents the second heat exchange medium to flow directly from the anterior section of the chamber section to the throughholes provided on the second core surface, thereby enhancing the performance of the heat exchanger by forcing the second heat exchange medium to flow through the stirring and mixing effect afforded by the medium directing component feature placed in the posterior section of the chamber section.
The flow path assembly may comprise the first tubular section, the chamber section, the second tubular section, and the medium directing component disposed within the chamber section. In other embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of flow path assemblies as described herein may be coupled together in a serial manner. As such, the flow pattern described herein may be repeated dependent upon the number of the first tubular sections, the chamber sections, the second tubular section, and medium directing component packaged within an embodiment of the flow path assembly coupled within an embodiment of the heat exchanger.
In an embodiment of the present invention, various components comprising the heat exchanger may be produced of ferrous or non-ferrous material. Similarly, the components may be made of plastics or composite materials. The components may be produced of the same material or may be produced of dissimilar materials. Various coupling means may be utilized, which may include but not limited to adhesives, epoxy, mechanical means, or brazing and soldering, for example. In another embodiment of the present invention, various components may be welded without additional bonding material, such as in the case of laser welding. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a portion or all of the components may be manufactured by means of 3D printing technology, known in the art.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated, as the same becomes better understood after reading the subsequent description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, shown by arrows the expected flow pattern of the external heat exchange medium;
FIG. 2 is a schematic frontal view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, shown by arrows the expected flow pattern of the external heat exchange medium;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a frontal view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a perspective exploded view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 10 is a side view showing a flow path assembly coupled within a respective flow path assembly seats provided on a first core surface and a second core surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an exploded view of Section A of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a side view showing a flow path assembly coupled within a respective flow path assembly seats provided on a first core surface and a second core surface according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an exploded view of Section B of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a side view showing a flow path assembly coupled within a respective flow path assembly seats provided on a first core surface and a second core surface according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an exploded view of Section C of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a side view showing a flow path assembly coupled within a respective flow path assembly seats provided within a first core surface and a second core surface according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is an exploded view of Section D of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 16;
FIG. 18 is an illustrative frontal view of a vehicle showing a positioning of an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the present invention to a side fender of the vehicle, also showing the contour of the heat exchanger fit to the shape of the vehicle fender panel, intake ventilation holes provided on the vehicle aligned with the positioning of the heat exchanger;
FIG. 19 is an illustrative side view of a vehicle showing a positioning of an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the present invention to a side fender of the vehicle;
FIG. 20 is an illustrative side view of a vehicle showing a positioning of an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the present invention to a bonnet of the vehicle;
FIG. 21 is an illustrative top view of a vehicle showing the positioning of an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the present invention to a bonnet of the vehicle;
FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger core body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a top view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 22;
FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger core body according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a top view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 24;
FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger core body according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a top view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 26;
FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger core body according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 29 is a top view of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 28;
FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a flow path assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of the flow path assembly taken along the line A-A of FIG. 30;
FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the flow path assembly taken along the line A-A of FIG. 30, showing the heat exchange medium flow pattern indicated by arrows;
FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawings and in particular FIGS. 2 and 3, an embodiment of a heat exchanger 100 is shown. The heat exchanger 100 is provided with a core body 101, a fluid containing vessel. The core body 101 exterior body comprises of at least one component, having a first core surface 105 having a material thickness establishing a frontal plane of the core body 101, a second core surface 110 (Now referencing FIG. 1) having a material thickness set at a predetermined longitudinal spacing away from the first core surface 105 establishing a backward plane of the core body 101, a first lateral core wall 115 having a material thickness sealingly mating a first lateral side edge respectively of the first core surface 105 and the second core surface 110 establishing a first lateral plane of the core body 101, a second lateral core wall 120 having a material thickness sealingly mating a second lateral side edge respectively of the first core surface 105 and the second core surface 110 establishing a second lateral plane of core body 101, a top core wall 125 having a material thickness (Now referencing FIG. 4) longitudinally sealingly mating a top vertical edge respectively of the first core surface 105 and the second core surface 110 while laterally sealingly mating a top vertical edge respectively of the first lateral core wall 115 and the second lateral core wall 120, establishing a top vertical plane of the core body 101, and a bottom core wall 130 having a material thickness longitudinally sealingly mating a bottom vertical edge respectively of the first core surface 105 and the second core surface 110 while laterally sealingly mating a bottom vertical edge respectively of the first lateral core wall 115 and the second lateral core wall 120, establishing a bottom vertical plane of the core body 101.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first core surface 105, the second core surface 110, the first lateral core wall 115, and second latera core wall 120 may be shown generally as rectangular in shape. However, in other embodiments of the present invention, respective components may be in other geometric shape such as a square or trapezoidal shape, for example.
Coupled within the fluid containing vessel comprising the first core surface 105, the second core surface 110, the first lateral core wall 115, the second lateral core wall 120, the top core wall 125, and the bottom core wall 130 are a plurality of flow path assemblies 155, completing the core body 101. In an embodiment of the present invention, a first heat exchange medium flow internally within the fluid containing vessel established by the core body 101 exterior body, while flowing externally of the plurality of flow path assemblies 155 coupled within the core body 101. A second heat exchange medium flow within the plurality of flow path assemblies 155 coupled within the core body 101, facilitating heat transfer between the first heat exchange medium and the second heat exchange medium by conduction generally through the material comprising the plurality of flow path assemblies 155 coupled within the core body 101.
Now referring to FIGS. 4 and 9, the top core wall 125 may be provided with at least a core inlet 160, an orifice extending the thickness of the top core wall 125, to introduce the first heat exchange medium into the heat exchanger 100. The bottom core wall 130 may be provided with at least a core outlet 165, an orifice extending the thickness of the bottom core wall 130, to discharge the first heat exchange medium out of the heat exchanger 100. Now referencing FIGS. 4 and 9, the top core wall 125 may be sealingly coupled to an inlet tank 135, utilize to collect the first heat exchange medium within the heat exchanger 100 as well as to distribute the first heat exchange medium within the core body 101 for a desired effect. In another embodiment of the present invention, the bottom core wall 130 may be sealingly coupled to an outlet tank 140, utilized to collect the first heat exchange medium as well as discharge the first heat exchange medium out of the core body 101 in a desired effect.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger 100 may have both the inlet tank 135 and the outlet tank 140 coupled to the core body 101 for a desired effect. In an embodiment of the present invention, the inlet tank 135 may be mated to an inlet pipe 145, a tubular member, in fluid communication with the interior of the inlet tank 135 to facilitate introduction of the first heat exchange medium into the inlet tank 135. In a similar fashion, the outlet tank 140 may be mated to an outlet pipe 150, a tubular member, in fluid communication with the interior of the outlet tank 140 to facilitate discharge of the first heat exchange medium out of the outlet tank 140.
Referring to FIG. 5, the inlet tank 135 as well as the outlet tank 140 may be coupled to the respective vertical end of the core body 101 end to end. In other embodiment of the present invention, now referencing FIG. 6, the inlet tank 135 may be provided with a first tank core lip 180, a protruded ridge member running along the bottom vertical end of the inlet tank 135 that engagingly couples to the exterior surface of the core body 101, to provide additional rigid coupling means to the inlet tank 135 to couple the inlet tank 135 to the core body 101. In a similar fashion, the outlet tank 140 may be provided with a second tank core lip 181, a protruded ridge member running along the top vertical end of the outlet tank 140 that engagingly couples to the exterior surface of the core body 101, to provide additional rigid coupling means to the outlet tank 140 to couple the outlet tank 140 to the core body 101.
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github_open_source_100_1_588 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { ProfileDataService, User } from '../../services/data/profile-data.service';
@Component({
selector: 'app-profile',
templateUrl: './profile.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./profile.component.css']
})
export class ProfileComponent implements OnInit {
isEditable: boolean = false;
userInfo: User = new User(121, 'Amit P', '[email protected]', 'assets/images/11.jpg', true);
constructor(private profileService: ProfileDataService) { }
ngOnInit() {
this.profileService.getUserInfo().subscribe(response => {
this.userInfo = response
console.log(response)
},
error => { console.log(error); }
)
}
allowEditing() {
this.isEditable = true;
}
saveProfile() {
this.isEditable = false;
}
}
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github_open_source_100_1_589 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #include "config.h"
#define COUNT_WARNINGS
!! @author Paul Baumeister
!! @version 3.0
!!
!! contains most important configurations for this code.
!! the only runtime variable is the output unit o,
!! because that will be 0(silent) in parallel runs
!! except for the master process
module configuration
use type_item, only: item, TypeItemUnknown ! TypeItemWordLen
implicit none
public ! default for this module namespace
! logging output unit o
iounit_t, save, protected :: o = 6 !! default output, 0: no output
! iounit_t, save, protected :: TeX = 0 !! default output, 0: no output
! the string WARNING(0) is globally known to make sure that the spelling is
! always the same. This helps to find all warnings when grepping the output file.
#ifdef COUNT_WARNINGS
! WARNING(i) is a character(len=9) function, that returns the
! string ' WARNING! ' for i==0 and the count of warnings for i==1
integer, private, save :: nWarnings = 0 !! counter for warnings
! Important: the warning counter is only correct, if the output unit is on (o/=0).
#else
character(len=9), parameter :: WARNING(0:1) = (/'WARNING! ', ' <nocount> '/) !! the constant string WARNING(0)
#endif
character(len=*), parameter :: ERROR = 'ERROR! ' !! the constant string ERROR
! from here, only parameters allowed, all quantities are public
character(len=*), parameter :: CodeName = 'juRS' !! the code name
character(len=*), parameter :: FullCodeName = 'Juelich Real-Space project' !! the code name in full length
character(len=*), parameter :: BugReportMailAddress = '[email protected]' !! contact address
integer, parameter :: VersionNumber = 14 !! last 2 digits of the year
integer, parameter :: SubVersionNumber = 03 !! 2 digits, subversion, changes roughly every month
logical, parameter :: StopOnError = .TRUE. !! some parts of the code ask this before stopping
logical, parameter :: ParallelizeKpnts = .TRUE. !! implemented and tested
logical, parameter :: ParallelizeSpins = .TRUE. !! implemented and tested
logical, parameter :: ParallelizeBands = .TRUE. !! implemented and tested
logical, parameter :: ParallelizeSpace = .TRUE. !! use domain decomposition
! logical, parameter :: EqualDomainSizes = .TRUE. !! distribute the grid points with a max diff of 1
logical, parameter :: EqualDomainSizes = .FALSE. !! distribute the grid points with a max diff of 1
logical, parameter :: CartesianMapping = .TRUE. !! exploit cartesian communicators
! string lengths
integer, parameter :: MaxInputFileNameLen = 32 !! max length for the input file name
integer, parameter :: MaxInputFileLineLen = 128 !! max length for lines in the input file
integer, parameter :: MaxInputBufferLines = 100 !! number of lines read from the input file at once
integer, parameter :: MaxKeyWordLen = len(TypeItemUnknown) ! TypeItemWordLen !! max length for keywords
integer, parameter :: NonCollinearSpins = 1 !! non-collinear spin configuration 1: collinear 2:non-collinear
character, parameter :: CommentChars(3) = (/'#','!','%'/) !! characters to comment out lines in the input file,
character(len=*), parameter :: ExampleFileName = 'example' !! name of the example file that is written when called with --example
character(len=*), parameter :: ControlFileNamePrefix = 'running.'!+ProjectName
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_UNKNOWN = 0 !! unknown --> leads to input error
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_APOS = 1 !! scale factor for absolute atomic positions
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_BNDS = 2 !! number of bands
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_BCND = 3 !! boundary conditions
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_CELL = 4 !! cell extends
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_CHRG = 5 !! additional charge, default = 0.
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_CMNT = 6 !! show a long comment about the calculation in the output file
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_SCAL = 7 !! scale the cell size by this factor, default 1.0
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_DGRD = 8 !! double grid parameters, default = (/4,3/)
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_DOMN = 9 !! domain decomposition
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_EFLD = 10 !! electric field (in directions of isolated BCs)
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_ELEM = 11 !! change defaults for an elemente/species
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_FRCS = 12 !! compute the forces [for the given directions]
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_NGPS = 13 !! number of grid points
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_HFLD = 14 !! magnetic field (collinear spin)
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_KMSH = 15 !! automatically generated k-mesh
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_KSHF = 16 !! shift the regular k-mesh
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_MDIT = 17 !! molecular dynamics convergence criteria
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_MIXR = 18 !! simple mixing ratio default = 0.2
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_NFDO = 19 !! finite difference orders for (kinetic,poisson)
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_NSCA = 20 !! change defaults for nscale, the grid ratio, usually 2
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_ORIG = 21 !! coordinate offset shift, default = (/0.,0.,0./)
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_RCPI = 22 !! recipes
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_FPTH = 23 !! PAW data file path
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_PDOS = 24 !! projected DoS
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_POIS = 25 !! poisson equation, method and convergence criteria
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_SCFI = 26 !! criteria for scf iterations
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_HGRD = 27 !! grid spacing
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_SPIN = 28 !! spin polarized {1,2} default = 1
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_SOLV = 29 !! solver recepie for the KS equation
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_SYMM = 30 !! symmetry option
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_TEMP = 31 !! smearing temperature, default = 1mHa
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_UNTS = 32 !! output unitsystem
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_WARN = 33 !! launch a warning
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_WFSI = 34 !! wave function convergence criteria
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_XCFN = 35 !! XC-density functional
! integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_free = 36 !! to be added --> keywords after this are not shown with -kw
integer, parameter :: I_KeyWord_SHFT = 37 !! shifted cell boundary (unsecure)
! this item-array is used as a dictionary for the input syntax
! make sure that any two keywords which mean the same map to the same constant integer key
! the order of items with the same key in this list is relevant for the
! display of keywords, i.e. when you query the string of a keyword from this dictionary,
! the string of the item defined first will be returned
type(item), parameter :: KeyWordDict(85) = (/ &
item('atom_scale', I_KeyWord_APOS),item('ascale', I_KeyWord_APOS), & !
item('number_of_bands', I_KeyWord_BNDS),item('bands', I_KeyWord_BNDS), & !
item('boundary_condition', I_KeyWord_BCND),item('bc', I_KeyWord_BCND), item('boundary',I_KeyWord_BCND), & !
item('cell_size', I_KeyWord_CELL),item('cell', I_KeyWord_CELL), & !
item('additional_charge', I_KeyWord_CHRG),item('charged', I_KeyWord_CHRG), item('addcharge',I_KeyWord_CHRG), & !
item('input_comment', I_KeyWord_CMNT),item('comment', I_KeyWord_CMNT), & !
item('cell_scale', I_KeyWord_SCAL),item('cscale', I_KeyWord_SCAL), item('scale',I_KeyWord_SCAL), & !
item('double_grid', I_KeyWord_DGRD),item('dg', I_KeyWord_DGRD), & !
item('domain_decomposition',I_KeyWord_DOMN),item('domains', I_KeyWord_DOMN), & !
item('electric_field', I_KeyWord_EFLD),item('efield', I_KeyWord_EFLD), & !
item('element', I_KeyWord_ELEM),item('element', I_KeyWord_ELEM), & ! (no alternative)
item('get_forces', I_KeyWord_FRCS),item('forces', I_KeyWord_FRCS), & !
item('grid_points', I_KeyWord_NGPS),item('grid', I_KeyWord_NGPS), item('ngps',I_KeyWord_NGPS), & !
item('magnetic_field', I_KeyWord_HFLD),item('hfield', I_KeyWord_HFLD), & !
item('kpoint_mesh', I_KeyWord_KMSH),item('kmesh', I_KeyWord_KMSH), & !
item('kpoint_shift', I_KeyWord_KSHF),item('kshift', I_KeyWord_KSHF), & !
item('molecular_dynamic', I_KeyWord_MDIT),item('md', I_KeyWord_MDIT), item('relaxation',I_KeyWord_MDIT), & !
item('density_mixing', I_KeyWord_MIXR),item('mixing', I_KeyWord_MIXR), item('mix',I_KeyWord_MIXR), & !
item('finite_difference', I_KeyWord_NFDO),item('nfd', I_KeyWord_NFDO), item('fd',I_KeyWord_NFDO), item('nf',I_KeyWord_NFDO), & !
item('grid_multiplier', I_KeyWord_NSCA),item('nscale', I_KeyWord_NSCA), & !
item('shift_origin', I_KeyWord_ORIG),item('origin', I_KeyWord_ORIG), & !
item('parameter_set', I_KeyWord_RCPI),item('params', I_KeyWord_RCPI), &
item('paw_directory', I_KeyWord_FPTH),item('path', I_KeyWord_FPTH), item('pawpath',I_KeyWord_FPTH), & !
item('projected_dos', I_KeyWord_PDOS),item('pdos', I_KeyWord_PDOS), & !
item('poisson_solver', I_KeyWord_POIS),item('poisson', I_KeyWord_POIS), & !
item('self_consistency', I_KeyWord_SCFI),item('scf', I_KeyWord_SCFI), item('scfiter',I_KeyWord_SCFI), & !
item('grid_spacing', I_KeyWord_HGRD),item('spacing', I_KeyWord_HGRD), & !
item('spin_polarization', I_KeyWord_SPIN),item('spin', I_KeyWord_SPIN), & !
item('eigenstate_solver', I_KeyWord_SOLV),item('solver', I_KeyWord_SOLV), item('eigensolver',I_KeyWord_SOLV),& !
item('fix_symmetry', I_KeyWord_SYMM),item('symmetry',I_KeyWord_SYMM), & !
item('fermi_temperature', I_KeyWord_TEMP),item('temp', I_KeyWord_TEMP), item('temperature',I_KeyWord_TEMP), & !
item('unit_system', I_KeyWord_UNTS),item('units', I_KeyWord_UNTS), & !
item('input_warning', I_KeyWord_WARN),item('warning', I_KeyWord_WARN), & !
item('wave_functions', I_KeyWord_WFSI),item('wfs', I_KeyWord_WFSI), & !
item('exchange_correlation',I_KeyWord_XCFN),item('xc', I_KeyWord_XCFN), item('functional',I_KeyWord_XCFN ), & ! xc functional
item('cell_shift', I_KeyWord_SHFT),item('shift', I_KeyWord_SHFT) /) !
! long keyword version short key deprecated keywords
! keywords for lists (blocks)
character(len=*), parameter :: BlockKeyWord_Atoms = 'atoms' !! block of atoms in absolute coordinates
character(len=*), parameter :: BlockKeyWord_Afrac = 'atoms_fractional' !! block of atoms in fractional coordinates, i.e. [-0.5,0.5], fractional number reading supported
character(len=*), parameter :: BlockKeyWord_Kpnts = 'kpoints' !! block of k-points
character(len=*), parameter :: BlockKeyWord_Kpath = 'kpath' !! block of k-point path edges
! for file IO
integer, parameter :: FileNameExtensionLen = 4 !! includes the dot, as e.g. '.ext'
integer, parameter :: FileNameLen = MaxInputFileNameLen + FileNameExtensionLen !! max name length of files
! file extension for the density of states
character(len=*), parameter :: WFS_FileNameExtension = '.wfs' !! wave function file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: DoS_FileNameExtension = '.dos' !! Density of States file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: VTK_FileNameExtension = '.vtp' !! Visualization Toolkit file extension for ParaView
character(len=*), parameter :: RHO_FileNameExtension = '.rho' !! Density file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: ADM_FileNameExtension = '.adm' !! atomic Density matrices file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: MAG_FileNameExtension = '.mag' !! Magnetization file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: BST_FileNameExtension = '.bst' !! Bandstructure file extension (xmGrace formated)
character(len=*), parameter :: FRC_FileNameExtension = '.frc' !! forces file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: OUT_FileNameExtension = '.out' !! output file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: TeX_FileNameExtension = '.tex' !! LaTeX file extension
character(len=*), parameter :: EiG_FileNameExtension = '.eig' !! Kohn-Sham eigenvalues in ASCII file extension
! configure where to write the output by default
character(len=*), parameter :: OutputFileName_STDOUT = '<stdout>' ! write to unit 6
interface failed
module procedure failed_i, failed_l
endinterface
private :: failed_i, failed_l
contains
!! return a string of the actual version and subversion
character(len=8) function CodeVersion( )
status_t :: ios
write(unit=CodeVersion,fmt='(I0,A,I2.2)',iostat=ios) VersionNumber, '.', SubVersionNumber
endfunction ! CodeVersion
#ifdef COUNT_WARNINGS
!! WARNING is string function that counts using a modul variable
!! how many times WARNING has been called.
character(len=9) function WARNING( i ) result( s )
integer, intent(in) :: i !! 0:"WARNING! ", 1:number of warnings launched
if( i == 0 ) then
s = 'WARNING! '
nWarnings = nWarnings + 1 ! count up
elseif( i == 1 ) then
if( nWarnings == 0 ) then
s = ' NO ' ! no warnings
else ! nWarnings == 0
write(unit=s,fmt='(I8,A)') nWarnings, ' ' ! # warnings
endif ! nWARNINGs == 0
else ! i is neither 0 nor 1
! this stop sentence is important, because no other inputs than 0 or 1 are allowed!
stop 'configuration: WARNING(i), argument i must be 0 (or 1 to get the count)!'
endif ! i /= 0
endfunction ! WARNING
#endif
!! handle for the protected variable o (output unit)
status_t function set_output_unit( unt ) result( ist )
iounit_t, intent(in) :: unt
o = max( 0, unt )
ist = o - unt
endfunction ! set_output_unit
logical function failed_i( status, message, source, line ) result( f ) ! returns ( status /= 0 )
status_t, intent(in) :: status
character(len=*), intent(in), optional :: message ! show message
character(len=*), intent(in), optional :: source ! sourcefile
integer, intent(in), optional :: line ! line number
integer :: iln
status_t :: ios
character(len=64) :: msg, src
f = ( status /= 0 )
if( .not. f ) return
msg = '!' ; if( present( message ) ) msg = adjustl( message )
iln = 0 ; if( present( line ) ) iln = line
src = '?' ; if( present( source ) ) src = adjustl( source )
if(o>0) write( unit=o, fmt='(/,5A,9(I0,A))', iostat=ios ) ' FAILED! "',trim(msg),'" in ',trim(src),':',iln, ' status=',status
endfunction ! failed
!! wrapper function for failed_i requesting an integer status
logical function failed_l( check, message, source, line ) result( f ) ! returns( check )
logical, intent(in) :: check
character(len=*), intent(in), optional :: message ! show message
character(len=*), intent(in), optional :: source ! sourcefile
integer, intent(in), optional :: line ! line number
integer :: iln
status_t :: ios
character(len=64) :: msg, src
f = check
if( .not. f ) return
msg = '!' ; if( present( message ) ) msg = adjustl( message )
iln = 0 ; if( present( line ) ) iln = line
src = '?' ; if( present( source ) ) src = adjustl( source )
if(o>0) write( unit=o, fmt='(/,5A,9(I0,A))', iostat=ios ) ' FAILED! "',trim(msg),'" in ',trim(src),':',iln
endfunction ! failed
status_t function die( message, line, file ) result( ist ) ! all args optional
character(len=*), intent(in), optional :: message ! show message
integer, intent(in), optional :: line ! line number
character(len=*), intent(in), optional :: file ! sourcefile
character(len=*), parameter :: ERROR = 'ERROR! '
integer :: iln, ios
character(len=64) :: msg, src
msg = '!' ; if( present( message ) ) msg = adjustl( message )
iln = 0 ; if( present( line ) ) iln = line
src = '?' ; if( present( file ) ) src = adjustl( file )
if(o>0) &
write( unit=o, fmt='(/,4A,I0,9A)', iostat=ios ) ERROR,'in ',trim(src),':',iln, ' "', trim(msg), '"'
write( unit=0, fmt='(/,4A,I0,9A)', iostat=ios ) ERROR,'in ',trim(src),':',iln, ' "', trim(msg), '"'
ist = -9 ! ERROR
if( .not. StopOnError ) return
if(o>0) stop 'killed with an error!' ; stop ! silent
endfunction ! die
string_t function KeyWord( i_KeyWord )
use type_item, only: operator(.in.)
integer, intent(in) :: i_KeyWord
KeyWord = i_KeyWord .in. KeyWordDict
endfunction ! KeyWord
status_t function show_KeyWords( outunit ) result( ios )
use type_item, only: operator(.in.), max_key, TypeItemUnknown, operator(.alt.)
iounit_t, intent(in) :: outunit
integer :: ikw
string_t :: kword, altkw
if( outunit < 1 ) return
write(unit=outunit,fmt='(/,A,/)',iostat=ios) ' keywords for the input file [long keys]'
do ikw = I_KeyWord_UNKNOWN+1, max_key( KeyWordDict )
kword = ikw .in. KeyWordDict ! the temp. kword is neccesary to avoid a recoursive IO operation when module type_item is in DEBUG
if( kword == TypeItemUnknown ) exit ! leave the loop
altkw = ikw .alt. KeyWordDict ! the temp. kword is neccesary to avoid a recoursive IO operation when module type_item is in DEBUG
write(unit=outunit,fmt='(A,A12,9A)',iostat=ios) ' ', altkw, '[',trim( kword ), ']' !, achar(9) ! 9:tab
enddo ! ikw
write(unit=outunit,fmt='(A)',iostat=ios) ! empty line
endfunction ! show_KeyWords
#ifdef EXTENDED
!+ extended
status_t function test( )
write(*,*,iostat=test) __FILE__,' no module test implemented!'
endfunction ! test
!- extended
#endif
endmodule ! configuration
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