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pourvoi_n°20-14.550_29_03_2023.txt_1 | French Open Data | Various open data | 29 mars 2023 Cour de cassation Pourvoi n° 20-14.550 Chambre commerciale financière et économique - Formation restreinte hors RNSM/NA
ECLI:
FR
:CCASS:2023:CO00252 Texte de la décision Entête COMM. FB COUR DE CASSATION ______________________ Audience publique du 29 mars 2023 Rectification d'erreur matérielle M. VIGNEAU, président Arrêt n° 252 F-D Requête n° D 20-14.550
RÉPUBLIQUEFRANÇAISE Page 1 / 3 Pourvoi N°20-14.550-Chambre commerciale financière et économique 29 mars 2023 _________________________ AU NOM DU PEUPLE FRANÇAIS _________________________
ARRÊT DE LA COUR DE CASSATION, CHAMBRE COMMERCIALE, FINANCIÈRE ET ÉCONOMIQUE, DU 29 MARS 2023
La SCP Rocheteau, Uzan-Sarano et Goulet, agissant pour M. [C] et la société Imatt-Loc, a présenté, le 16 novembre 2022, une requête aux fins de rectification d'une erreur matérielle affectant l'arrêt n° 373 F-D, rendu le 9 juin 2022, sur le pourvoi n° D 20-14.550, dans le litige opposant : 1°/ la société Imatt-Loc, société par actions simplifiée, dont le siège est [Adresse 1], 2°/ M. [J] [C], domicilié [Adresse 2], à: la société Garage de l'étang, société à responsabilité limitée, dont le siège est [Adresse 3]. Les parties et leurs avocats ont été avisés. Le dossier a été communiqué au procureur général. Sur le rapport de Mme Guillou, conseiller, les observations de la SCP Rocheteau, Uzan-Sarano et Goulet, avocat de la société Imatt-Loc et de M. [C], après débats en l'audience publique du 7 février 2023 où étaient présents M. Vigneau, président, Mme Guillou, conseiller rapporteur, Mme Vaissette, conseiller yen, et Mme Mamou, greffier de chambre. Motivation
Vu l'article 462 du code de procédure civile : 1. Une erreur matérielle a été commise dans la rédaction de l'arrêt n° 373 F-D du 9 juin 2022, pourvoi n° D 20-14.550, en ce qu'il casse et annule l'arrêt rendu le 21 janvier 2020 par la cour d'appel de Montpellier, mais seulement en ce qu'il condamne M. [C] et la société Imatt-Loc à payer à la société Garage de l'étang les sommes de 3 636,62 euros incluse dans la somme de 5 516,40 euros, de 1 212 euros au titre des réparations effectuées par le garage Toyota, de 2 945,56 euros au titre des frais de majorations et de 3 500 euros à titre de dommages-intérêts pour procédure abusive et statue sur les dépens et l'application de l'article 700 du code de procédure civile. En effet, l'arrêt a omis de préciser que la cassation porte également sur le rejet des demandes reconventionnelles de la société Imatt-Loc et de M. [C]. 2. Il y a lieu de réparer cette erreur. Dispositif PAR CES MOTIFS, la Cour : RECTIFIE l'arrêt n° 373 F-D du 9 juin 2022 ;
Page 2 / 3 Pourvoi N°20-14.550-Chambre commerciale financière et économique 29 mars 2023
En
page
6, REMPLACE : « CASSE ET ANNULE, mais seulement en ce qu'il condamne M. [C] et la société Imatt-Loc à payer à la société Garage de l'étang les sommes de 3 636,62 euros incluse dans la somme de 5 516,40 euros, de 1 212 euros au titre des réparations effectuées par le garage Toyota, de 2 945,56 euros au titre des frais de majorations et de 3 500 euros à titre de dommages-intérêts pour procédure abusive et statue sur les dépens et l'application de l'article 700 du code de procédure civile, l'arrêt rendu le 21 janvier 2020, entre les parties, par la cour d'appel de Montpellier ; » par : « CASSE ET ANNULE, mais seulement en ce qu'il condamne M. [C] et la société Imatt-Loc à payer à la société Garage de l'étang les sommes de 3 636,62 euros incluse dans la somme de 5 516,40 euros, de 1 212 euros au titre des réparations effectuées par le garage Toyota, de 2 945,56 euros au titre des frais de majorations et de 3 500 euros à titre de dommages-intérêts pour procédure abusive, déboute M. [C] et la société Imatt-Loc de leurs demandes reconventionnelles formées contre la société Garage de l'étang et statue sur les dépens et l'application de l'article 700 du code de procédure civile, l'arrêt rendu le 21 janvier 2020, entre les parties, par la cour d'appel de Montpellier ; » Laisse les dépens à la charge du Trésor public ; DIT que le présent arrêt sera transcrit en marge ou à la suite de l' rectifié ; Dit que sur les diligences du procureur général près la Cour de cassation, le présent arrêt sera transmis pour être transcrit en marge ou à la suite de l'arrêt partiellement cassé ; Ainsi fait et jugé par la Cour de cassation, chambre commerciale, financière et économique, et prononcé par le président en son audience publique du vingt-neuf mars deux mille vingt-trois. Décision attaqu
ée
Cour d'appel de montpellier 02 21 janvier 2020 (n°17/02745) Textes appliqués Article 462 du code de procédure civile. Les dates clés Cour de cassation Chambre
commerciale financière et
économique 29-03-2023 Cour d'appel de Montpellier 02 21-01-2020
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3. |
github_open_source_100_1_496 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | module model.lane_type;
/**
* Lane type.
*/
enum LaneType : byte
{
/**
* Default value.
*/
unknown = -1,
/**
* Top lane. It goes through the lower left, the upper left and the upper right corners of the map.
*/
top,
/**
* Middle lane. Directly connects the lower left and the upper right corners of the map.
*/
middle,
/**
* Bottom lane. It goes through the lower left, the lower right and the upper right corners of the map.
*/
bottom
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_497 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /**************************************************************
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*
*************************************************************/
#ifndef LAYOUT_CORE_BOX_HXX
#define LAYOUT_CORE_BOX_HXX
#include <layout/core/box-base.hxx>
#include <com/sun/star/awt/Point.hpp>
namespace layoutimpl
{
class Box : public Box_Base
{
protected:
// Box properties (i.e. affect all children)
sal_Int32 mnSpacing;
sal_Bool mbHomogeneous;
sal_Bool mbHorizontal; // false for Vertical
bool mbHasFlowChildren;
public:
// Children properties
struct ChildData : public Box_Base::ChildData
{
sal_Int32 mnPadding;
sal_Bool mbExpand;
sal_Bool mbFill;
ChildData( css::uno::Reference< css::awt::XLayoutConstrains > const& xChild );
};
struct ChildProps : public Box_Base::ChildProps
{
ChildProps( ChildData *pData );
};
protected:
ChildData *createChild( css::uno::Reference< css::awt::XLayoutConstrains > const& xChild );
ChildProps *createChildProps( Box_Base::ChildData* pData );
public:
Box( bool horizontal );
virtual void SAL_CALL allocateArea( const css::awt::Rectangle &rArea )
throw (css::uno::RuntimeException);
virtual css::awt::Size SAL_CALL getMinimumSize()
throw(css::uno::RuntimeException);
virtual sal_Bool SAL_CALL hasHeightForWidth()
throw(css::uno::RuntimeException);
virtual sal_Int32 SAL_CALL getHeightForWidth( sal_Int32 nWidth )
throw(css::uno::RuntimeException);
// helper: mix of getMinimumSize() and getHeightForWidth()
css::awt::Size calculateSize( long nWidth = 0 );
private:
/* Helpers to deal with the joint Box directions. */
inline int primDim (const css::awt::Size &size)
{ if (mbHorizontal) return size.Width; else return size.Height; }
inline int secDim (const css::awt::Size &size)
{ if (mbHorizontal) return size.Height; else return size.Width; }
inline int primDim (const css::awt::Point &point)
{ if (mbHorizontal) return point.X; else return point.Y; }
inline int secDim (const css::awt::Point &point)
{ if (mbHorizontal) return point.Y; else return point.X; }
};
struct VBox : public Box
{ VBox() : Box (false) {} };
struct HBox : public Box
{ HBox() : Box (true) {} };
} // namespace layoutimpl
#endif /* LAYOUT_CORE_BOX_HXX */
|
88867_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | 北条 氏繁（ほうじょう うじしげ）／北条 康成（ほうじょう やすしげ）は、戦国時代から安土桃山時代にかけての武将。後北条氏の家臣。福島正成の子とされる北条綱成の嫡男。玉縄城主、後に岩槻城城代、鎌倉代官なども務めた。
生涯
天文5年（1536年）、後北条氏の家臣・北条綱成の嫡男として誕生した。母方のおじにあたる北条氏康に仕え、偏諱を受けて康成と名乗る（生涯の大半はこの諱を名乗っている）。また、のちに氏康の娘で康成の従姉妹にあたる七曲殿を妻としている。
父と同じく武勇に優れており、天文23年（1554年）の加島の戦いでは松田憲秀、笠原康勝（信為の子で、憲秀の子・政尭の養父）とともに先鋒を務め、功を立てた。駿河国の今川家を甲斐国の武田家の侵攻から救援すべく氏康が出兵した際にも、陣頭に立って活躍した。永禄4年（1561年）に上杉謙信や永禄12年（1569年）に武田信玄が侵攻してきたときは、玉縄城に籠城して守り抜いている。里見氏との第二次国府台合戦では父綱成や松田憲秀と共に奇襲をかけて里見軍を打ち破った。また、白河結城家や蘆名家との外交交渉にも携わっている。このように軍事・外交に長けた康成は氏康からの信任も厚く、下総国方面の軍権を任された。
元亀2年（1571年）頃に、父・綱成が隠居したのを受け氏繁に改名し家督を継いだが、天正6年（1578年）、父に先立って対佐竹氏の最前線、下総飯沼城中にて病死した。跡を嫡男の氏舜が継いだ。
氏繁は自分の印判に『易経』からとった「顚趾利出否」という文を刻んだ。政治秩序が顚倒しており、旧弊を一掃するのに好都合だという時勢観を表したものである。『北条記』の「北条常陸守氏重事」によれば、鷹を飼育することにかけても名人だったといい、武人画家として、『鷹図』（個人蔵）などの作品を残している。また、氏繁が息子たちに軍陣での作法や行動を教えるために書き記したと思われる『出陣次第』（国立歴史民俗博物館蔵）という冊子は、当時の武家故実を現在に伝える貴重な書物となっている。
脚注
参考資料
戦国武将
うししけ
1536年生
1578年没.
|
bub_gb_mgdx7uULEzsC_18 | French-PD-diverse | Public Domain | ayant rendu des services aux Messé siniens dans une guerre, ceux-ci les engagèrent à partager leur territoire: fin suum corpus communionemque lagrorum invitanmt eos, et nomen «acceperunt unum , ut dicerentur • Mamertini, qnod, conjectis in sor • tem duodecim deorum nominibus, • Mamers forte exierat, qui lingua • Osconim Mars signiCcatur, Cujas • historiæ auctor est AIGus , libro • primo belli Cartbaginiensis. > Digilized by Google 336 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE., vaincu et perdit beaucoup de inonde. Phintias fonda sur les bords de la mer d’Afrique une ville à laquelle il donna son nom et où il transporta les habitants de Gela, dont if démolit les murs et les maisons. Il onia sa nouvelle capitale de remparts, d’une agora et de temples; mab ses cruautés le firent détester par tous les peuples qui lui étaient sou mis. Ils chassèrent ses garnisons, commedes Agyréens leur en avaient donné l’exemple. Lui-même périt peu après*. Vers le même temps, Ilicétas fut renversé du pouvoir, qu’il exerçait depuis neuf ans, par Thynion , Gis de Mammée, et par Sosistrate. Mais ceux-ci ne purent s’accorder pour parta ger son héritage. Sosistrate exerçait l'autôrit'é dans Syracuse; tandis que Thynion s'était fortifié dans l’Ile. Ils avaient mis dix mille hommes sur pied, et se livraient des combats dans la ville même. Les Carthaginois, espérant pister .de cette guen'e civile, vinrent assiéger Syracuse avec cinquante mille hommes, et bloquer le port avec centvaisseaux. Dans oette situation critique , les deux compétiteurs se réunirent pour appeler à leur secours Pyrrhus , roi d’Épire , que les Tarentins avaient attiré en Italie, et qui pouvait reven diquer l’héritage d’Agatlux:le à titre de gendre. Tyndarion , prince de Tauroménium , était aussi disposé à accueillir • Diod. (XII, 7) raconte un songe de Phrotias qui lui présageait sa fin. 11 crut voir un sanglier, qu'il pour> suivait à la cha&se, sé retourner et lui donner la mort d'un coup de ses dc> fensea. Ce fragment ne nous en ap« prend pas davantage. Il e.st probable que Diodore rapportait ensuite la mort de Phintias, dont ce rêve pou vait sembler un présage. Quelques auteurs modernes ont cru , d'après ce passage, reconnaîtra le tombeau du tyran d'Agrigeotc dans un beau sarcophage de marbre sur lequel est représentée une chasse au sanglier, sans doute celui d'Érymanthc. On a voulu voir aussi des médailles de Phintias sur des pièces qui portent un sanglier, comme .si ce prince avait pu faire frapper des médailles en comn^émoration d'un rêve. Digitized by Google * SECONDE’ PARTIE, > XLIV. ' '337 , I Pyrrhus, et toutes les villes qui souflraient des incursions des Mamcrtins, l'appelaient de leurs vœux. Ces derniers, au contraire, firent alliance avec les Carthaginois pour s’op poser à son passage. Rbégium avait aussi demandé aux Romains une garnison pour la protéger contre Pyrrhus. Les Romains lui envoyèrent une légion de Campaniens * qui furent transportés à bord de vaisseaux carthaginois, et ne tardèrent pas à imiter l’exemple de leurs voisins les Ma raertins, en expulsant ceux qui les avaient appelés à leur secours. « ^ * S XLV. PYRRHUS. Pyrrhus soutenait déjà depuis deux ans et quatre mois * la guerre contre les Romains, et à ses premiers succès, dus en pallie à l’effroi causé par ses éléphants, avaient succédé •plusieurs revers ou du moins des victoires si chèrement achetées, qu’il était revenu fort découragé à Tarentc, quand il reçut des messages de la Grèce, qui lui annonçaient la mort de Ptolémée Céraunus et l’assuraient qu’il lui suffirait de se montrer pour obtenir le royaume de Macédoine. En même temps, les députés de la Sicile vinrent l’appeler à leur aide contre les Carthaginois, et lui dire que les villes de Syracuse, d’Agrigente et de Léontini étaient prêtes à le recevoir. Dans cette conjoncture embarrassante, Pyrrhus ^ Diodorc nomme le chef de ces Romains Pafiatot )(iXiapj(oe. LYpitome du livre XX de Tilc-Livo : «Quurp io prsAÎdium Rbcginorumle* • gio campana cum præfccio Decio Jti • bellio miasa essel, occisis Rbeginis» « Rhegium occupavit. • (Voyci aussi Appiçn, 5amnr(. IX, p. 19, cd. Didot.) ^ Cette donnée chronologique est fournie par les extraits de Diodore. La prcmiÎTe victoire de Pyrrhus sur Lævious est de Tan de Rome ^75, ou 379 avant J. C. Le passage de Pyrrhus en Sicile doit donc être placé en 377. Il y resta trois ans, selon Appien , 1. UI, 1 1. 12 Digitized by Google 338 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. • se décida pour la Sicile, qui séduisait davantage son ambition et lui montrait en perspective la conquête de Carthage *. Pressé par les députés qui venaient coup sur coup solliciter ^ sa présence, il s'embarqua à Tarente avec ses éléphants et tout son appareil militaire, arriva le dixième jour chez les Locriens, et, remontant le détroit, vint aborder à Tauro ménium. Il prit à son bord Tyndarion et les troupes auxi liaires de cette ville, puis, de là, se rendit à Catane, dont les habibints l’accueillirenl avec enthousiasme, et lui décer-, nèrent des couronnes d’or. Pyrrhus débarqua à Catane son. infanterie, qui se dirigea vers Syracuse ; en même temps, la flotte suivait, toute préparée au combat. Lorsqu’elle se pré senta devant Syracuse, les Cartiiaginois, qui venaient de détacher trente vaisseaux pom un besoin urgent, n’osèrent risquer le combat avec le reste de leur flotte. Pyrrhus entra donc sans résistance dans le port. Thynion et Sosistrate lui remirent l'île et la ville, ü réconcilia les divers partis, prit possession de, tout le matériel de guerre , de la galère royale à neuf rangs de rames et de cent vingt vaisseaux pontés qui , joints aux siens, portèrent sa flotte à deux cents navires. En même temps arrivèrent des ambassadeurs d’Héraclide, prince des Léon tins, qui mettait à la disposition du roi sa ville , ses forts , quatre mille hommes d'infanterie et cinq cents chevaux. Sosistrate lui avait également remis trente * Une aorte de feleliU noua a privée de loua les historiens de cctic époque. Le guerre de Pyrrims en Italie était racontée dans la décade de Titc-Live (I, XI à XX) dont nous n'avons que l'argument. Il ne nous est parvenu que des extraits de Denys d'Halicar nasse, de Diodorc et d'Appien. Heu reusement la vie de Pyrrhus par Plu ' larque supplée en partie A celte Isî cune. Mais ces biographies, qui, par la peinture des mœurs, oOrent une lecture * plus attachante que celle des annalistes, laissent beaucoup A désirer pour l'cxaclitude chronolo t Digilized by Google SECONDE PARTIE, $ XLV. ' 339 villes de sa dépendance, huit mille hommes et huit cents cavaliers, qui ne le cédaient en rien aux Epirotes. 'l’outes les villes à l’envi montraient le même empressement, et Agn'gentc chassa la garnison carthaginoise qui l’occupait. Pvrrhus répondait pa^ sa' bienveillance à ce ïèle des .Sici liens. 11 porta son armée à trente niille hommes, deux mille cinq cents* chevaux et quelques éléphants-^ lit venir de Syracuse les machines de siège et entra sur le territoire carthaginois. Iléraclée fut soumise la ju’cmière, ensuite A/.oncs^; puis Sclinonte, llalicyæ, Egeste et une foule d'au tres villes se rendirent à Pyrrhus. Eryx, qui renfermait une forte garnison carthaginoise, et était fort iliée par la nature, semblait devoir olfrir une grande résistance. Le prince d'Epire résolut de l'enlever dassaut, et de déployer aux yeux des Siciliens la bravoure qui le faisait reconnaître pour'" le descendant d’Achille et le digne succe.sscur d’Alexandre. Ayant fait van ; Hercule d’étahlir en ce lieu des jeux en son honneur, s'il réussissait dans son entreprise, il lit dresser les échelles, et monta le premier à l’assaut. Rien ne put résister li son impétuosité , et la place fut enlevée de vive force.’Les autres villes carthaginoises, y compris Panorme, si célébré par son vaste port, curent le même sort. Il no restait plus aux Carthaginois que Lilyhée, ville fondée par eux après la jirisc de Motya par Denys. Pendant que Pyrrhus s’apprêtait à fa-ssiéger, le.s Carlhaginois y firent passer des forces eon .sidcrablcs, des munitions et une telle quantité de machines ' Plutarque, Pyrrhus, S i8. Lea (.Somn. I. III, extr. ■ i),Pyrrfaaa aurait eilrailadeDiodore (XXII, lo) portent passé en Sicile avec huit niille cava ?9‘(i 5oo).Nous avons suivi de préfé liera, ce que l'on ne peut admettre, reacc le teste de PluUrque , en géné ' LctcstcdeDiodoreporteA{ii) ral moins corrompu que celui de cos valc, ville que nous ne eonn,'iissop.s extraits. Selon un fragment d'Appied pas d'ailleurs. Digitized by Google 340 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. (le guerre que Je rempart en était euticrement garni. Ib for tifièrent aussi, par de nouveaux ouvrages, le côté de la ville qui regarde la terre. Cependant, ils envoyèrent des députés près du roi pour traitei’ de la |>aix et lui oflrir des sommes considérables. Pynhus rejeta les offres d’argent. Toutefob, il n'était pas éloigné d'accorder aux Carthaginois de de meurer à Lily bée; mais ses conseillers et les députés desxdlles grecques de la Sicile, qui étaient près de lui, le supplièrent de ne pas permettre que les barbares gardassent ainsi un pied en Sicile, et dirènt (ju’il fallait lès en expuber entière ment. D’après ce vœu, Pyrrhus fit attaquer la place; mais il fut repousse constamment. La nature du terrain ne permet tait pas d’employer la mine, et les catapultes accablaient les assaillants de traits innombrables, si bien qu 'après deux mois d’efforts infructueux , Pyrrhus dut renonegf à prendre Lilybée, tant qu’il ne serait pas maître de la mer. Il s’occupa donc d’armer une flotte considérable et voulait, à l’exemple d’Agathoclc, aller faire une descente en Afrique; mais il manquait de marins, et les Siciliens montraient peu d’em pressement à s'embarcpier. Pyrrhus, pour les y contraindre, appesantit sur eux son autorité qui, dans le commencement, avait été équitable et douce'. Cependant les Siciliens se scr raient soumis à ses exigences, s’il n’avait achevé de s’aliéner les esprits par la manière dont il traita Sosistr.ite et Thy nion, qui l’avaient, les premiers, appelé en Sicile, et l’avaient servi avec zèle. Sosistrale, s’apercevant qu’il était l’objet de la défiance du prince, prit le parti de fuir; Thynion, qui était resté, fut mis à mort par ordre de Pyrrhus, qui, de ce moment, se labsa aller à des actes tyranniques. Les soulèvements ne * Suidas, au niot doanc Pyrrhus des détails qu'on ne trouve sur la spoliation des temples par pas aiifeurs. SECONDE PARTIE. S XLV.' 341 tardèrent pas à éclater dans les villes siciliennes. Avec l'in constance qui était un des caractères de ce peuple, plusieurs se rejetèrent dans les bras des' Carthaginois, et même des Mamertins, dont, peu de temps auparavant ^ Pyrrhus avait, à leur prière, réprimé les exactions. ». ■ . * Pendant que les affaires du roi d’Épirc déclinaient en Sicile presque aussi rapidement qu’ elles avaient prospéré d’abord , ’ses alliés d’Italie le suppliaient de revenir à leur secours; Il saisit, avec empressement, un prétexte de quitter un ' pays où ses espérances s’étaient évanouies. Pour repasser en Italie, il lui fallut soutenir, contre les Carthaginois, un com bat naval, dans lequel sa flotte fut’ très-maltraitée, et dix mille Mamertins l'assaillirent dans les montagnes.^ On dit' qu’en quittant la Sicile , Pyrrhus pronon^a ce mot célèbre , (pi ne tarda pas à être confirmé par les* événements : « Mes amis , quel beau champ de bataillemous laissons aux Romains et aux Carthaginois 1 » > ••• S X<LVI. IIIÉRON II, GÜERRtr PUNIQUE.. / . * Le départ de Pyrrhus rejetait la Sicile dans 1 anarchie dont la préséncc de ce prince f avait, pour un instant', tirée’. L’armée syracusaine, sans prendre avis de la ville, se donna pour chefs Artémidore et Iliéron, fils d’Hiéroclès *. Ce * Pausanias [Eüde » 1 1 , 1 3 ] , en <lé> crivant deux statues d'Hiéron, parie de son avènement au pouvoir, qu'il place dans la 3* année de la cxxvi* olympiade, c'<;st‘à-dire immédiate ment après le départ de Pyrrhus. Cette courte notice de Pausanias présente plusieurs difllcultés et des înexacUtqdcs que nous discuterons un peu plus loin. Lucien (de Lon^mvis) dit qu’Uié Ton mourut à qnatre-vingt-doute ans’, après en avoir régné soixante et dix. Sa mort étant de Pan 3i4, cela met trait son avènement en 384, ce qui est tout à fait inadmissible; mais, en lhaol i^novTa an lien de jvoi^<x,on tombe 4 l'an 374, qui sui vit le départ de Pyrrhus, Piaule, dans les lUênrchmes» acte II, Digitized by Google 342 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. dernier faisait remonter son origine à Gélon, l’ancien prince de Syracuse ^ mais sa mère n’était qu'une escjiave, et l’on dit même que son père, à cause de la bassesse de cette naissance, l’avait fait exposer ^ mais que, d’après des signes surnaturels qui présageaient 1é future élévation de cet enfant, il le reprit et l’éleva. Le jeune Iliéron était doué de toutes les qualités extérieures qui séduisent, et il avait déjà fait preuve, en diverses circonstances et dans des combats sin guliers, d’une valeur qui lui avait mérité plusieurs distinc tions militaires de la part de Pyrrhus, auquel il s’allia dans la suite, par le mariage de son fils Gélon avec Néréide, fille de ce roi®. Introduit dans Syracuse par quelques amis, Hiéron s’y rendit maître de ses adversaires, envers lesquels il se comporta avec tant de douceur et de générosité , que les scène ni. v. 57. présente do iua> DÎère suivante la succession des do» minatcurs de Syracuse : Qui Syracosi» |>crLil>ere uatos este in Sieflia. Ubi rex AgitLodes r^^nator fuit . et iterum Pliiulbia. * Tertintb Liparo . qui in morte regniuu Hteroni tradidit. , ^ Nnnc Hicro — ilaud laUo. mnlicr. Ce nom de Liparo. prédécesseur d’Iliéron, a donué lieu à beauconp de commentaires et de conjectures. Un savant Italien^ M. Calcagni, a publié à Palerme, en 1809. un livre intitulé De re di Siraaua Fintia e Liparo nos ricordali dalle ilorie, ri conosciuti ora con le monete» La më> daille d'argent gravée en tète de ce livre porte uue tète juvénile lauréc pnodicas. semblable à la tète d'Apollon qui se voit souvent sur les monq^cs de Sy racusc; légende, AlIIAPOT; revers, un Pégase et les lettres RI. Mais nous avouons que rauthenticilé de cette médaille unique ne noos parait pas encore assci établie pour venir à l'appui du passage de Plaute. * Nous avons dit. p. 1 5s. que Gé* loo avait laissé un Gis qui fut eiqiul&é ainsi que Tbrasybule. et se retira à Locres. C'est à lui probablement que Hiéron II prétendait rattacher son origine. • * Justin. XXÜI.4. * Pausao. Elide, II, la : O^ros ù iipw ^iap vpèe Xlvppop t6p A/ojc/* èov xai 6pov rij ^epicf éxtyapjap <T9T0, réXwsi iroidi Nirpv/da dyayd fupot rèif Uiippou. Dhiîized b> SECONDE PARTIE. S XLVi , 34i3 » * ^ Syraeusalns, quoique m<^contcn(»de la licence que les sol dats avaient prise d’élire leur chef, confirmèrent le choix d'Hiéron. Pour lui, dont les espérances allaient au delà d'un commandement temporaü'c, connaissant l'instabilité du peuple, et les factions qui le dominaient, dès qu’un général était absent, il chercha un appui dans l’alliance de Leptine., qii jouissait de la faveur publique, et sur la puissante pro tection^duquel on pouvait le plus compter. Dès qu'il eut épousé'la fille de cet homme d'état Hiéron partit pour une expédition contre les Mamertins. On dit qu'il profita de cette guerre, pour se délàire des anciens mercenaires qui avaient des habitudes d'insubordination. Après les avoir en gagés contre les barbares, dans un combat près de Cento ripa, sur la rivière Cyamosorus, il* ne les lit pas soutenir * par les troupes nationales, les laissa tailler en pièces, et ramena le reste de l'année à Syracuse. Il leva ensuite de nouvcctux mercenaires dévoués à son gouvernement, et * •! . # * .4 ' Les historiens ne nous appren 1a ménae corniche , à la section lui nent pas le nom de cette princesse; . vante, BAS1.V1£XA,)^ XUI’UIAOS, niais il est trtts-probable qu'elle se nommait l’hilistide, et qu'à elle ap partiennent les roàdailles d'argent qui portent une tète de femme dia d^méc et voilée, et, au revers, un quadrige, avec la légende B/V£IA1£ £A£ <MAiXTlAO£. Eckel avait émis déjà cette idée, qui a été confirmée par la découverte de plusieurs ins criptions dans le théâtre de Syracuse. En i-;56,le comte Gactani découvrit tpr le listel de la corniche qui régne autour des gradins les mets BA£1 AI££A£ <1>IA1£TIA0£ en grandes capitales. En 1 8oé , on retrouva sur nom do la Clle de Pyrrhus, femme de Gélon. Des travaux postérieurs ont fait rcconnaitre encore d'autres traces d'inscriptions au-dessus de chaque •connu ou section quelles servaient sans doute à désigner. Au-dessus de la quatrième, on ne voit plus que les lettres ..AEl.V... NOS, qui nous pa raissent devoir être suppléées BASI AEQ£ rEAQNOS. En eOèt, on volt, par Polybe et Diodore, que Gélon recevait, du vivaut de son père, le ti tre de ^ooiànis. Le nom d'iliéron de vait SC lire sur la première scclien de la précinclion, aujourd'hui détruite. i:y Cmlglt 3<iii ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. voyant que les Mamertins,' enflés du succès qu'ils avaient l emporté , se répandaient avec plus d’audace dans les cam * pagnes, il partit à la tête d’une armée bien disciplinée, prit de vive force Mylæ, fit mettre bas les armes à quinze cents hommes, et s'empara de plusieurs petites villes voisines. Se poi-tant ensuite sur Amésélum, ville forte située à mi-che inin entre Ceiitoripa et Agyrion , il s’en empara , fit entrer la garnison à son service et en partagea le territoire entre les deux villes que nous venons de nommer. Alésa, Abacænon, Tyndaris se déclarèrent pour lui. Les Mamertins se trou vèrent confinés dans le territoire étroit compris entre la mer Tyn’héniennc et la mer de Sicile, de Tauroménium â Tyndaris. Hiéron vint les y attaquer sur les bords de la ri vière Longanus. 11 avait dix mille hommes d’infanteiie et quinze cents chevaliers. L’armée des Mamertins était de liuit mille l^oinmes sous les ordres de Cion. Celui-ci, en couragé par les aruspices, qui lui avaient promis, dit-on, qu’il coucherait dans le camp d'IIiéron, passa la rivière et attaqua vivement les Syracusains, qui résistèrent avec non moins de fenneté. L’affaire était encore indécise, lorsqu’un corps de six cents hommes d'élite , dont deux cents réfugiés messiniens, placés en réserve par Hiéron derrière une col line, débusquant sur le flanc des ennemis déjà épuisés, acheva de décider la victoire. Cion fut amené prisonnier dans Je c^imp des Syracusains, et tous ses soldats furent tués ou mirent bas les armes. Cette victoire devait amener la chute de Messine; mais Annibal, qui se trouvait alors dansl’ilc de Lipara, insti'uit de ce qui se passait, accourut,. et, sous prétexte de féliciter Hiéron, il le retint, tandis qu’il faisait pénétrer à la hâte quelques trpupes dans la citadelle deMes.sine, et rassurait les Mamertin.s près dç sç rendre. Par * CL ' 345 SECONDE PARTIE. $ XLVL suite de cette ruse punique, Iliéron perdit le fruit de sa vic toire. Do retour à Syracuse, après cette brillante campagne, il y fut proclamé roi, et reconnu on cette qualité par tous les alliés de la ville. La position des Mamertins était deve nue d’autant plus précaire, qu’ils étaient privés de l’appui de leurs compatriotes de iUiégium. En effet, les Romains , ayant compris quelle fâcheuse impression ferait sur les nations al liées la conduite porllde de la légion envoyée par eux à Rlié gium, étaient venus assiéger cette villç, l’avaient prise de force et remise aux anciens possesseurs, après avoir fait dé capiter trob cents hommes qui restaient de la légion campa nienne. Cependant, une partie des Gampaniens de Messine, qui détestaient les darthaginuis, avaient envoyé solliciter Ics^ secours des Romains. Ceux-ci étaient très-partagés sur la conduite que la république devait tenir en cette occasion. Une par tie du sénat était d’avis de repousser la dcipande des Mamerdus, trouvant qu’il y aurait inconséquence manifeste à soutenir, à Messine, des hommes qui s’y étaient rendus coupables de la même perfidie que la république venait de punir â Rhégium. Mais la majoiité ne voidut pas abandon ner des alliés ni souffrir que les Carthaginois restassent en possession de Messine, dont l’occupation par eux était con traire aux traités entre Rome et Cartilage. D’ailleurs, les Romains, qui venaient de porter leurs armes victorieuses jusrju’à l’extrémité de l’Italie, pouvaient difficilement résis ter à l’occasion séduisante qui 1cm’ était offerte de franchir le détroit et d’occuper Messine, regardée de tout temps comme la clef de la Sicile, et cela, au risque de la laisser tomber aux maips de dangereux rivaux '. “ * > ' Celle considération n'csl pas dé toriens latins avouent franchement vdoppcc par le seul Polybe. Les his que la Sicile tentait i'anibilion ro* f 346 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. ■ L'expédition fut résolue, et Appius Glaudius, un des con suis, fut chargé dê faire passer les secours à Messine (an de Home 491, avant J. G. a64 )‘. En attendant, les Mamertins avaient déjà, par ruses et par menaces, réussi à éloigner l’of ficier carthaginois qui occupait leur citadelle, et qui fut mis en croix à Garthage , pom n’avoir pas mieux gardé ce poste. Iliéron, dans l’espoir de délivrer la Sicile des Gampaniens, fit alliance avec les Garthaginois et vint avec eux assiéger Messine*, pendant qu’une flotte punique devait garder le détroit. Mais le consul romain trompa leur surveillance et pénétra dan* la ville. G’était la première fois que les Romains Iranchissaient les limites de l’Italie, et ce premier pas fut une victoire. Appius ne voulut pas attendre , dans Messine , qu’on vînt l’investir par terre et par mer. 11 marcha contre les Syrapusains, et les battit complètement. Iliéron, aban donnant son camp , regagna précipitamment Syracuse. Soit qu’il y craignît quelque mouvement séditieux à la suite de sa défaite, soit, comme le dit Diodore, qu’il se crût trahi mainc. Florus, I. U, a: •Mox,quuni € videret opulcntissimam in proximo • pn-dsm, quodammodo lulue sue • abacisam et quaai revuisam, adeo < cupiditair ojus exarait , ut quatenus • Dec mole jungi ncc pontibus poa • act, armia belloquc jungenda et ad • coDtineulcm suum revoranda beHo • viderc(ur;i et un pou plua loin : < Igitur apccic quidoni socioa juTandi, «re aulcm aollicitante pra-da.t * Lca eitraita de Diodore indi quent que le X1I* livre ae terminait un peu aprèa la victoire d'Hiéron aur lea Maniertina et l'introduction dea Cartbaginoia dana Meaaine. Le XXIII' commeuçait par un t'Ioge de la Si cile et de son importance politique, par l'alliance d'Hiéron avec les Car thaginois et par le passage d'Appius Ciaudiua à. Meaaine. * La Hotte carthaginoise était i la pointe de la Sicile, au cap Pélorias, leurs troupes de terre à un lieu nommé, dans Polybe (1 , 1 1) , £tive>^ et, dans Diodore, Eivtif. Faicllo suppose que ce lieu devait être situé dans la direction de Lilybéo et vers le château moderne de (ionsaga. Iliéron plaça son camp sur le mont Cbalcidique, dont le nom rappelait les premiers colons de Messine. C ^ .. sd oy Conglt SECONDE PARTIE. $ XLV1.‘ 347 • , par ses alliés. Le lendemain de cette victoire, le consul attaqua les Carthaginois, en tua un grand nombre, et força le reste à chercher un refuge dans les villes voisines*. Ayant ainsi fait lever le siège de Messine , il se mit à ravager le ter ritoire de Syracuse, sans rencontrer aucune résistance, et menaça même cette ville ainsi qu’Écheda, placée au centre des possessions syracusaincs et carthaginoises*. Lorsque ces premiers succès furent connus à Rome, on y décida que les deux consuls nouvellement élus, M. Valérius Maximus et M. Olacilius Crassus (avant J. C. a63), avec les quatre lé gions que la république tenait toujours sur pied, et dont chacune présentait, comme on sait, un effectif de quatre mille hommes 'd’infanterie et de trois cents cavaliers, se rendraient en Sicile. L’annonce de forces si considérables fit passer du côté des Romains la plus grande partie des alliés de Carthage et de Syracuse*, et Hiéron voyant la ' Philinus, hûtorien entièrement les redoutables rivaux qui convoi dévoué anx Carthaginois, prétendait, taient la Sicile. On voit, par le traité au commencement de son II* livre, qu'il conclut quelque temps après que les Romains avaient été battus avec les Romains, et dans lequel il dans cette aOaire; cependant, il était s'engage à leur rendre leurs prison obligé de convenir qn'Hiéron avait niera, qu'il avait remporté sur eux abandonné son camp, et que les Car quelques avantages. ' thaginois, de leur cAté, s'étaient re * Polybe, I, i-5 : Ùt 3" oSxos Çval, tirés dans leurs anciennes posses xal ré« Ë^^érXav i» fUarj xtiiUnti vÿ sions. Polybe fait ressortir la contra tSp Svpaxovo/ai» aol JHiip)(iiîovla>p diction, entre ces deux assertions de D'après un des extraits de tPbilinus, qui rencl la première tont Diodorc (III, 3), les Romains au A fait invraisemblable. On estpé vrai raient, dans cette première campagne, dire, surpris de voir les Romains, assiégé Égeste, d'oè ils auraient été encore en petit nombre i Messine, repoussés. Nous n'osons admettre un remporter un succès si décisif sur les fait aussi peu probable d'après un texte forcescombinéesdeleursadvcrsaircs. eu général fort altéré. Peutétre, au Peut-être Hiéron n'était-il pas lAché lieu d'Aiyiala , faut-il lire É;jéTXa. de se retirer pour laisser aux prises * Les extraits de Diodore portent Digitized by Google 348 ÉTABLISSEMEJfTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. disposition générale des esprits en Sicile, et calculant les chances de succès des llomains , se décida à rechercher leur alliance. Ceux-ci accueillirent favorablement ses propo sitions, à cause des grands secours en matériel, qu’Hiéron |K)uvait leur fournir. En elfet, les Carthaginois, étant stipé rieurs sur mer, pouvaient tenir l’armée romaine comme bloquée en Sicile, et déjà, dans la précédente campagne, elle avait ressenti l’elfet de la disette. La paix fut donc conclue, à condition qu'Hiéron rendrait, sans rançon, les prisonniers romains et leur payerait en outi’e une somme de cent talents doivent*. Grâce à ce traité, lliéron Jouit d’un règne long et paisible , sous la protection des Uomains *. Ceux-ci , de leur côté, fortifiés par cette alliance, ne crurent'plus nécessaire d’envoyer quatre légions en Sicile et en gardèrent deux pour parer à tout événement. Annibal, qui amenait des secours à lliéron contre lesiRomains , ayant appris, en abordant au cap XJphonia, le traité conclu avec Rome, se retira précipi tamment. Les Carthaginois virent de suite que. pour se maintenir en Sicile contre une pareille alliance, il leur fau drait de grands elforts, et ils levèrent en Ligurie, en Gaule Celte manière d'éDoncer la somme de centtalcDta donne à penser quelle avait parta)(£c en quinic annuités , d’après la durée du traité. — Cutrope dit ; argrnti lalmta liucrnta. * D'après ce traité, les Romains reconnaissaient la royauté d'iliéron sur lo» Syracusains et les villes de leur dépendance, savoir ; Acres, I.éon tini, Mégères, Éloris, Neætc et Taudo ménium , c'est-iHlire é peu près toute la céte, depuis le cap i’acbynum jusqu'à rentrée du détroit. è soisantesept le nombre des villes i|ui se déclarèrent |Mur les Romains. ' Uiodoro dit que les Romains conclurent la paix pour quinie ans moyenuantquintc myriades dedraeb nies (ou, en d'autres termes, xent cinquante mille drachmes ), ce qui n'est que le quart de la somme indi quée par i’olybe, puU<{ue le talent vaut six mille drachmes. Cent talents valent <lonc six cent milia draehmas. Peut-être faut-il lire, dans Diodorc, mpaipi^QUn le fUipiaSaf, car on comptait sauvent par létradrarhnies. SECONDE PARTIE. S XLVÏ. 349 « et surtout en Elspagne , de nombreux mercenaires. Ils ras-, semblèrent leurs troupes et leurs approvisionnements à Agrigentc, qui s’était déclarée pour eux au commencement de cette guerre, et qui leur parut la ville la plus favorable, *• pour devenir une immense place d’armes. (Avant J. ^C. 26a.) Les consuls qui avaient conclu la paix avec Hiéron, ayant rempli le temps de leur charge, furent remplacés par L. Posthumius Mégellus et Q. Mami lius Vitulus. Ces généraux, voulant frapper au cœur la puis sance carthaginoise en Sicile, vinrent mettre le siège devant Agrigente. Pendant cinq mob, ce siège se prolongea avec une persévérance ^ale des deux parts , et des succès alter natifs. Cependant, la disette commençait à se faire sentir ' dans Agrigentc, qui ne renfermait pas moins de cinquante mille âmes. Aimibal, qui y commandait, sollicitait avec ins tance des secours de Carthage. Une expédition nouvelle, • forte de cinquante mille hommes avec une cavalerie nom breuse et soixante éléphants, fut envoyée de cette ville sous les ordres d'IIannon, et débarqua à Lilybée. Ce corps d’ar mée occupa Iléraclée et s’empara d’IIerbessuS’, où les Ro mains avaient tous leurs approvisionements , ce qui leur causa de grandes privations , car ils se trouvèrent à la fob assiégeants et assiégés. Des maladies contagieuses, qui ré gnaient dans leur camp, minaient aussi leurs forces, et plu sieurs fob ils furent sur le point de lever le siège; mais ils reçurent fort à propos d’IIièron quelques convois des choses les plus nécessaires , et enfin Hannon , averti par des émisr saircs et des signaux d'Annibal , que la disette était arrivée è un tel point dans Agrigente, qu’illui était impossible d’y tenir plus longtemps, livra bataille et fut vaincu. Annibal profita de la nuit suivante pour évacuer Agrigente où les Digitized by Google 350 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. Romains firent un butin considérable et un grand nombre de prisonniers. La nouvelle de ce succès apportée à Rome y fit conce voir des espérances encore plus vastes. La délivrance de Messine , premier but de celte guerre, était déjà oubliée , et le sénat croyiut u'avoir rien fait s'il n'expulsait entièrement les Carthaginois de la Sicile. Mais les Romains comprirent que ce but ne saurait être atteint tant qu'ils n'auraient pas de marine à opposer aux Carthaginois. En effet, presque toutes les villes du centre de la Sicile s'étaient déclarées pour les Romains, mais celles des côtes, menacées |>ar la flotte pu nique, leur résistaient ou ne tardaient pas à faire défection. Les côtes mêmes de l'Italie étaient exposées aux ravages des Carthaginois , tandis que l'Âfrique jouissait de la< sécurité. On sait avec quelle force de volonté les Romains, jusqu'alors entièrement étrangers à la mer, au point que pour passer en Sicile ils avaient été obligés d'emprunter des bâtiments aux Napolitains, se créèrent en quelques mois une flotte des plus formidables , et , suppléant à l'habilité des matelots par des harpons qui leur facilitaient l'abordage, ils remportèrent , dès leur début dans cette nouvelle carrière, la victoire na vale qui valut à Duillius l'honneur de la colonne rostrale. Dès lors la lutte s'engagea entre Rome et Carthage, non plus pour une ville , non plus même pour la possession do la Sicile , mais pour la souveraineté de l'Occident ou la con servation de leur existence. La Sicile ne fut plus qu'un des champs clos de ce duel à mort, et sa conquête un épisode de ce grand drame. Les Romains avaient hâte de transporter en Afrique le théâtre de la guerre. En vain les Carthaginois, qui connaissaient leur faiblesse sur leur propre terrain, s'elTorcèrent-ils de les arrêter dans les eaiix'de la Sicile, le Db" ' Coogli: SECONDE PARTIE, $ XLVl. 351 combat (l'Ecnomus ouvrit aux Romains vainqueurs la route de Carthage, et aussitôt ils s'élancèrent sui' les traces d'Aga thoclc, mais avec des forces proportionnées è leur ambition. A côté de cette lutte degéants, le rôle des Grecs Siciliens devenait nécessairement très -secondaire. Cependant, si la population hellénique avait encore été animée de l'esprit guerrier quelle avait montré dans les siècles précédents, Syracuse, au lieu de se borner à fournir du blé aux Romains, aurait pu joindre une escadre à leur flotte et peser assez dans la balance pour mériter, par ce service, de reprendre en Si cile la suprématié, pour laquelle eUe avait si souvent com battu. Mais l'esprit militaire était à peu près éteint chez les Grecs, et, d'un autre côté, les Sicules et les Campaniens qui faisaient depuis longtemps une des principales forces de l'armée syracusaine étant devenus Ips auxiliaires des Ro mains, Hiéron comprit bien qu'il ne devait s'occuper qu'à faire fleurir l'agriculture et le commerce de son royaume à la faveur de la paix , et il sut donner à son règne un éclat solide par les libéralités qu'il étendit sur toutes les parties de la Grèce * L'an de Rome 5 1 a , sous le consulat de C. Lutatius. Catulus et -de A. Postumius Albinus, les Romains, vain queurs à Lilybée , amenèrent les Carthaginois à demander la * Diodore (1. XXVI, extrait 8) et surtout Polybc [V, 88) ont conservé le souvenir des dons, montant à plus de cent talents, qu'Hiéron accorda aux Rbodiens après le tremblement de terre qui amena la chute du cé> lèbre colosse. Orosc (1. IV, 63] place cette catastrophe sous le consulat de C. Flaminiua et de P. Fuiius Philus (aaa av. J. C.). Eusèbe et la chro nique Pascale la rapportent égale ment à cette date. M. Champollion Figeac [Annales des Lagules, t. Il, fp. 53 et 79) a combattu l'opinion de ceux qui croyaient cet évéïicmeut antérieur. ( Voy. Pline, I. XXXIV. 7 ; Slrabon, 1. XIV ; Meursius, Uhodus* l, i5, et lit >4. ) / 352 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. paix. Les clauses dicK^es par le consul étaient : « A ces con ditions il y aura amitié entre les Carthaginois et les Ro mains, si le peuple romain l’approuve. Les Carthaginois se retireront de toute la Sicile; ils ne feront pas la guerre à Hiéron; ils ne porteront point les armes contre les Syracu sains ni contre leurs alliés. Les Carthaginois rendront aux Romains, sans rançon, tous les prisonniers, et ils payeront aux Romains, en vingt ans, deux mille deux cents talents éu boïques. » A Rome on ne trouva pas ce traité assez avantageux. Des commissaires fiment nommés qui , s’étant rendus sur les lieux, le modifièrent en augmentant de* raille talents la somme imposée aux Carthaginois, et abrégèrent le temps dans lequel elle devait être payée. Ils exigèrent aussi que lés Cartliaginois abandonnassent les îles situées entre l’Italie et la Sicile. Carthage ayant souscrit à ces conditions, la pre • mière guerre punique , qui avait duré vingt-quatre ans , fut terminée*, et la Sicile, à l’exception du royaume d’IIiéron, passa aux mains des Romains, dont elle devint la première province. A la suite de ces revers, les Carthaginois eurent à soutenir en Afrique même une guerre des plus dangereuses , contre les Libyens et leims mercenaires révoltés. Dans cette circonstance, Hiéron se montra politique habile en venant en aide, autant que cela dépendait de lui, à la république de Carthage, dont il sentait que l’existence était une garantie ' de son propre salut , en servant de contre-poids à la puis •sancc romaine*. Plus tard, lorsque la guerre se ralluma * Polyl>e, 1 , 6a , 63. * Tout en se montrant généreux envers Carthage» Hiéron ne cessait (le témoigner , par des actes , sa reconnaissance pour les Romains. Ainsi » à l’occasion des jeux séculaires de Tan de Rome 5i8 (a36 av. /. C.) , le roi de Syracuse, qui était venu à Rome assister aux fêtes , fit distribuer au peuple deux cent mille boisseaux de froment. Digiîized by Google ^ 1 t « « * . • ^ -* * » *< * • # â SECONDE PAUTIE. $ XLVI. 353 f ■« entre les deux républiques rivales, et qu'Annlbal, par une suite de triomphes, vint menacer Rome, en pénétrant, son tour, au cœur de Tltalie, lliérou, fidèle à son ancienne alliance avec les Romains, fit preuve d’un dévouçment sin cère envers eux ou d’une politique claü-voyaiite , en ne les abandonnant pas dans les circonstances les plus difficiles, Biais en leur prodiguant, au contraire, des secours efficaces et d’utiles conseils Dès le commencement de la seconde 'U k.#' Té guerre punique (ai 8 avant J. C.)", Hiéron était venu sur»^. unC’escadre au-devant du consul T.Sem promus , envoyé à Messine pour protéger la Sicile contre les tentatives des " Carthaginois. H l’avait averti de leurs desseins contre Lily bée; et, non content de fournir aux Romains du froment et des vêtements, il dit que, malgré son grand âge, il com battrait encore pour eux, comme il avait fait dans sa jeu nesse ; il accompagna le consul avec la flotte syraeusaine à Lilybée, et contribua aux succès des Romains. La politiqite du vieux roi n’avait pas en Sicile l’approba tion générale. Les Carthaginois y conseiTaient des partisans que les victoires d’Àimibal et sa présence dans la Grande* ' Grèce rendaient plus audacieux. A leur tête était le propre fils d’Hiéron, Gélon, qui noua des relations secrètes avec le général Carthaginois, et parai.ssait impatient de prendre en main les rênes de l’état. Sa mort, qui survint à ce moment, arrêta ces menées si à propos, que l’on n’a pas craint de supposer qu’Hiéron n’avait pas été étranger à celle mort*. * •0 Ât 4.^ -"J .• % V * V -t » dçurs pour lutter Contre ceux des Iles Baléares. Hiéron conseillait aux Ro • VoyeidansTile-Uvc IXXII, 3^ le discours dos ainbasiadenrs d'Hié ron, chargés d'offrir au sénat une Vit maina d'ordonner 3 leur pré(im|lfn * . toire d"or, Irîis ccnl mille Wisseaux ^ &cile de porter la guerre en A'friqnç. de froment, mille .i^hers el^ron ' I : — srvm a. . .I_ c:_: S* V t ‘ » t k «• •>. ■% K *. ’*Tite-LitB, XXIU, 3o : tin Slci-, ^ ■ ï3 • • 0j », ’ ^ t -s. N DigrtiZi ^îogle 4 i i » 4 • 35^1 ÉTABLISSEMENTS DES GRECS EN SICILE. •* Mais, quel que fût le dévouement de ce prince pour les Ro. mains, on ne saurait admettre sans preuves manifestes qu’il ait souillé par un tel crime les derniers jours d'une carrière où il avait constamment montré tant de mansuétude. Son amour pour les siens se manifesta au contraire dans les der niers moments de sa vie. Sur les prières de ses filles Déma rète, mariée à Adranodore, et Héracléa , il revint sur la réso. lution qu’il avait prise de rendre la liberté aux Syracusains é cause des mauvais penchants qu’il avait remarqués dans son petit-fils Hiéronyme, fJs de Gélon, qui devait lui succéder. Hiéron, cédant aux instances de sa famille, laissa son royaume à son petit-fils, après avoir désigné quinze tuteurs ' qui devaient former un conseil , à la tête duquel étaient ses deux gendres, Adranodore^ et Zoïppus, et il leur re-.. commanda de cultiver toujours l’alliance des Romains. Le* vieux roi survécut peu de temps à ces dispositions. 11 mourut la 3*^année de la cxli' Olympiade ( a 1 4 avant J. G.) , âgé de plus de quatre-vingt-dix ans, et après un règne de près de soixante ans ■ liam quoqiip eadem indinalio ani • moruni pervenit; et ne domua qui idem Ilicronis tola ab deTccllonc • tbslinuil; namque Goto maiimua • Hirpis, contempta siimil senectate • patria, ainiul poat Cannenaeoi cla • dem Romana aocietate, ad Poenos ■ derecit; mouaaetque in Sicilia rca, • niai mors adeo opportnna iit patrem • quoque snapicioiie aspergeret, ar • niaiitem cum mullitudinem aoUici • Untemque aocios absnmpaiaael. • * Le telle de Polybe cl celui de Tîte-Livr a'acconlent pour nommer le gendre d'Hifmn kwlparéittpot. Cependant, il eat diflicile de ae rendre compte de la rompoiilioo de ce mot, et noua somnica leiitte de lire A jpe rddarpor , nom formé dé ceini d'Adra * nna, divinité locale de la Sicile. (Voy. le chapitre Religion), Ce nom serait analogue à celui de Tpi^cidaipq|, dont M. Letronne a montré la véri table origine à l'aide d'nne inscrip tion d'Égypte en Phonneur de la décase Tpl^t. ( Voyei le Journal des ♦ Savants, i8éi.) ' Nous avons proposé plus haut de corriger, dans Lucien, soixante et ’ dix ans en soixante, de manière à *• % 4 • >Ht y Digitized by Gougle Km V i SECONDE PARTIE, s XLVn. S55 lT^. > ' t 5 XLVII. HIÉRONYMK. Dès qu’Hiéron eut fermé les yeux, les tuteurs crHiéro^ ' nyme , alors à peine âgé de quinze ans , convoquèrent une asseniblée dans faquelle ils lurent le testament d'Hiéron Quelques hommes apostés applaudirent â la nomination du jeune prince; mais la tristesse peinte sur tous les visages montrait que la ville perdait un père en la personne d'I Hé ron, et ses obsèques furent plus remarquables par les re grets du peuple que iiar les soins de sa propre fumille. Iji première chose que lit Adranodore' fut d’écarter les autres tuteurs, en déclarant qu’HiéroByme était en âge de régnei' par lui-mème. Ce jeune prince , qui aurait eu besoin de tant (Teiforts pour se concilier une pattie de l’affection que le peuple portait â son aïeul, choqua dès les premiers instants ' a en prenant les insignes de la tyrannie, dont Hiéron et Gélon " «étaient toujours abstenus. 11 portait ia pourpre, ne sortait " ' qu’avec un quadrige de chevaux blancs, â l’exemple de De nys, et s’entourait de gardes. Ses manictts hautaines, scs violences et ses mœurs décédées, encouragées par ceux (|ui voulaient régner sous son nom, répondaient cet extérieur. |
github_open_source_100_1_498 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | from api import create_app
print("CREATING APP!")
app = create_app()
|
github_open_source_100_1_499 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | """
Provide implementation of the command line interface for pattern recognition by interacting with the server.
"""
import click
@click.group()
@click.version_option()
@click.help_option()
def cli():
"""
Command-line interface to interact with server.
"""
pass
|
github_open_source_100_1_500 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import { FontAwesomeIcon } from '@fortawesome/react-fontawesome'
import { IconName } from '@fortawesome/fontawesome-svg-core'
import { Dialog, Transition } from '@headlessui/react'
import toast, { Toaster } from 'react-hot-toast'
import { useHotkeys } from 'react-hotkeys-hook'
import Link from 'next/link'
import Image from 'next/image'
import { useRouter } from 'next/router'
import { Fragment, useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import { useTranslation } from 'next-i18next'
import siteConfig from '../config/site.config'
import SearchModal from './SearchModal'
import SwitchLang from './SwitchLang'
import useDeviceOS from '../utils/useDeviceOS'
const Navbar = () => {
const router = useRouter()
const os = useDeviceOS()
const [tokenPresent, setTokenPresent] = useState(false)
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false)
const [searchOpen, setSearchOpen] = useState(false)
const openSearchBox = () => setSearchOpen(true)
useHotkeys(`${os === 'mac' ? 'cmd' : 'ctrl'}+k`, e => {
openSearchBox()
e.preventDefault()
})
useEffect(() => {
const storedToken = () => {
for (const r of siteConfig.protectedRoutes) {
if (localStorage.hasOwnProperty(r)) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
setTokenPresent(storedToken())
}, [])
const { t } = useTranslation()
const clearTokens = () => {
setIsOpen(false)
siteConfig.protectedRoutes.forEach(r => {
localStorage.removeItem(r)
})
toast.success(t('Cleared all tokens'))
setTimeout(() => {
router.reload()
}, 1000)
}
return (
<div className="sticky top-0 z-[100] border-b border-gray-900/10 bg-white bg-opacity-80 backdrop-blur-md dark:border-gray-500/30 dark:bg-gray-900">
<Toaster />
<SearchModal searchOpen={searchOpen} setSearchOpen={setSearchOpen} />
<div className="mx-auto flex w-full items-center justify-between space-x-4 px-4 py-1">
<Link href="/" passHref>
<a className="flex items-center space-x-2 py-2 hover:opacity-80 dark:text-white md:p-2">
<Image src={siteConfig.icon} alt="icon" width="25" height="25" priority />
<span className="hidden font-bold sm:block">{siteConfig.title}</span>
</a>
</Link>
<div className="flex flex-1 items-center space-x-4 text-gray-700 md:flex-initial">
<button
className="flex flex-1 items-center justify-between rounded-lg bg-gray-100 px-2.5 py-1.5 hover:opacity-80 dark:bg-gray-800 dark:text-white md:w-48"
onClick={openSearchBox}
>
<div className="flex items-center space-x-2">
<FontAwesomeIcon className="h-4 w-4" icon="search" />
<span className="truncate text-sm font-medium">{t('Search ...')}</span>
</div>
<div className="hidden items-center space-x-1 md:flex">
<div className="rounded-lg bg-gray-200 px-2 py-1 text-xs font-medium dark:bg-gray-700">
{os === 'mac' ? '⌘' : 'Ctrl'}
</div>
<div className="rounded-lg bg-gray-200 px-2 py-1 text-xs font-medium dark:bg-gray-700">K</div>
</div>
</button>
<SwitchLang />
{siteConfig.links.length !== 0 &&
siteConfig.links.map((l: { name: string; link: string }) => (
<a
key={l.name}
href={l.link}
target="_blank"
rel="noopener noreferrer"
className="flex items-center space-x-2 hover:opacity-80 dark:text-white"
>
<FontAwesomeIcon icon={['fab', l.name.toLowerCase() as IconName]} />
<span className="hidden text-sm font-medium md:inline-block">
{
// Append link name comments here to add translations
// t('Weibo')
t(l.name)
}
</span>
</a>
))}
{siteConfig.email && (
<a href={siteConfig.email} className="flex items-center space-x-2 hover:opacity-80 dark:text-white">
<FontAwesomeIcon icon={['far', 'envelope']} />
<span className="hidden text-sm font-medium md:inline-block">{t('Email')}</span>
</a>
)}
{tokenPresent && (
<button
className="flex items-center space-x-2 p-2 hover:opacity-80 dark:text-white"
onClick={() => setIsOpen(true)}
>
<span className="hidden text-sm font-medium md:inline-block">{t('Logout')}</span>
<FontAwesomeIcon icon="sign-out-alt" />
</button>
)}
</div>
</div>
<Transition appear show={isOpen} as={Fragment}>
<Dialog as="div" className="fixed inset-0 z-10 overflow-y-auto" open={isOpen} onClose={() => setIsOpen(false)}>
<div className="min-h-screen px-4 text-center">
<Transition.Child
as={Fragment}
enter="ease-out duration-100"
enterFrom="opacity-0"
enterTo="opacity-100"
leave="ease-in duration-50"
leaveFrom="opacity-100"
leaveTo="opacity-0"
>
<Dialog.Overlay className="fixed inset-0 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800" />
</Transition.Child>
{/* This element is to trick the browser into centering the modal contents. */}
<span className="inline-block h-screen align-middle" aria-hidden="true">
​
</span>
<Transition.Child
as={Fragment}
enter="ease-out duration-100"
enterFrom="opacity-0 scale-95"
enterTo="opacity-100 scale-100"
leave="ease-in duration-50"
leaveFrom="opacity-100 scale-100"
leaveTo="opacity-0 scale-95"
>
<div className="my-8 inline-block w-full max-w-md transform overflow-hidden rounded-lg bg-white p-6 text-left align-middle transition-all dark:bg-gray-900">
<Dialog.Title className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">
{t('Clear all tokens?')}
</Dialog.Title>
<div className="mt-2">
<p className="text-sm text-gray-500">
{t('These tokens are used to authenticate yourself into password protected folders, ') +
t('clearing them means that you will need to re-enter the passwords again.')}
</p>
</div>
<div className="mt-4 max-h-32 overflow-y-scroll font-mono text-sm dark:text-gray-100">
{siteConfig.protectedRoutes.map((r, i) => (
<div key={i} className="flex items-center space-x-1">
<FontAwesomeIcon icon="key" />
<span className="truncate">{r}</span>
</div>
))}
</div>
<div className="mt-8 flex items-center justify-end">
<button
className="mr-3 inline-flex items-center justify-center space-x-2 rounded bg-blue-500 px-4 py-2 text-white hover:bg-blue-400 focus:outline-none focus:ring focus:ring-blue-300"
onClick={() => setIsOpen(false)}
>
{t('Cancel')}
</button>
<button
className="inline-flex items-center justify-center space-x-2 rounded bg-red-500 px-4 py-2 text-white hover:bg-red-400 focus:outline-none focus:ring focus:ring-red-300"
onClick={() => clearTokens()}
>
<FontAwesomeIcon icon={['far', 'trash-alt']} />
<span>{t('Clear all')}</span>
</button>
</div>
</div>
</Transition.Child>
</div>
</Dialog>
</Transition>
</div>
)
}
export default Navbar
|
4154767_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Women + Country — второй студийный альбом американского автора-исполнителя Джейкоба Дилана, изданный в 2010 году.
Об альбоме
Women + Country был спродюсирован обладателем премий «Оскар», «Грэмми» и «Золотой глобус» Ти-Боун Барнеттом, с которым Дилан уже работал во время записи альбома группы The Wallflowers. Women + Country был выпущен 6 апреля 2010 года лейблом Columbia Records. Альбом получил в целом благоприятные отзывы, на сайте Metacritic он имеет 72 % положительных оценок. В чарте Top Rock Albums журнала Billboard запись достигла 2 места. Women + Country был поддержан рядом концертов Дилана и специально созданной группы Three Legs.
Список композиций
Примечания
Ссылки
Women + Country на сайте Discogs
Рецензия BBC
Альбомы Джейкоба Дилана
Альбомы Columbia Records.
|
1034892_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Waymo (ennen lokakuuta 2016 Google driverless car) on Googlen projekti kehittää itseohjautuva auto. Projektia johtaa Googlen insinööri Sebastian Thrun, yksi Google Street Viewin keksijöistä ja Stanfordin yliopiston keinoälylaboratorion johtaja. Vuonna 2005 Thrunin ryhmä Stanfordissa kehitti robottiajoneuvo Stanleyn, joka voitti DARPA Grand Challengen ja kahden miljoonan dollarin palkinnon Yhdysvaltain puolustusministeriöltä. Ryhmä, joka kehittää järjestelmää, koostuu 15 Googlen insinööristä.
Waymon robottiautot ovat Chrysler Pacifica -merkkisiä tila-autoja.
Historia
Google aloitti robottiautojen testaamisen vuonna 2010. Itseohjautuvilla autoilla pyritään parantamaan liikenneturvallisuutta, vähentämään liikenteen päästöjä ja säästämään ihmisten aikaa.
Elokuussa 2012 Google ilmoitti että autot ovat kulkeneet lähes puoli miljoonaa kilometriä ilman yhtäkään kolaria. Autot ovat ajaneet Nevadassa sekä Googlen testiradalla.
Nevadan ajoneuvoviraston johtaja Bruce Breslow arvelee autojen tulevan markkinoille vuosien 2015–2017 aikana.
Google kehitti alussa autoja yhteistyössä autonvalmistajien kanssa, mutta toukokuussa 2014 yritys kertoi aikovansa ottaa autojen kehittämisen kokonaan itselleen. Google oli päättänyt panostaa lisää autojensa kehittämiseen. Hakukonejätti alkoi rakennuttaa pika-aikataululla parisen sataa pientä sähköautoa, jotka toimivat automaattiohjauksella. Maksiminopeus oli rajoitettu 25 mailiin tunnissa.
Teknologia
Autoihin on lisätty videokamerat ja tutkat. Autot käyttävät apunaan Google Street View -kuvia. Autojen katoille on asennettu laseretäisyysmittari, joka tuottaa yksityiskohtaisen 3D-kartan ympäristöstä.
Googlen robottiautoissa on noin 150 000 Yhdysvaltain dollarin arvosta laitteita vuoden 2012 hinnoin, mukaan lukien noin 70 000 dollarin lidar (light radar) järjestelmä. Etäisyyden mittaava katolle kiinnitetty 64-säteinen laser on Velodyne. Tämä laser mahdollistaa sen, että ajoneuvo luo yksityiskohtaisen kolmiulotteisen kartan sen ympäristöstä. Tämän jälkeen auton ohjelmisto yhdistää tämän kartan korkearesoluutioisiin karttoihin maailmasta, tuottaen erilaisia datamallien tyyppejä, jotka mahdollistavat sen ajaa itseään.
Onnettomuudet
Elokuussa 2011 ihmisen ohjaama "Google driverless car" oli osallisena törmäykseen lähellä Googlen pääkonttoria Mountain View’ssä Kaliforniassa. Googlen mukaan autoa ohjasi onnettomuushetkellä manuaalisesti ihminen. Aiemmassa onnettomuudessa 2010 toinen ajoneuvo ajoi Googlen auton perään, kun se oli pysähtyneenä liikennevaloissa. Googlen mukaan molemmat onnettomuudet ovat olleet muita autoja ohjanneiden ihmiskuljettajien syytä.
Katso myös
Uber
Lyft
Lähteet
Aiheesta muualla
Google Self-Driving Car Projectin videoita YouTubessa
Google
Konseptiautot
Miehittämättömät kulkuneuvot
Yhdysvaltalaiset liikenneyhtiöt
Taksi- ja tilausliikenne.
|
1167681_1 | Caselaw_Access_Project | Public Domain | Smith, P. J.
An execution upon a justice's judgment against Charles Hall having been issued to one Ayers, a constable, that officer levied upon a quantity of beans in the barn of the plaintiff in error, the father of Charles Hall, which the constable had been informed and believed, were the property of the debtor, who lived with his father on the premises. As the constable was about to remove the beans from the barn, the plaintiff in error told him the beans were his, and did not belong to Charles, and he bade the constable not to levy on them or remove them from the premises. The constable said he would remove them, and he attempted to do so, when the plaintiff in error put his hands upon the officer and excluded him from the barn, using only so much force as was necessary to prevent him from removing the beans. Evidence tending strongly to establish the exclusive ownership and possession of the beans by the plaintiff in error, and that the execution debtor had ño interest in them, was given upon the trial, and the jury would have been justified in so finding. The counsel for the plaintiff in error requested the court to charge the jury that if they should find that the beans levied on were the property of Ransom Hall exclusively, and that the constable was about to remove them from Ransom Hall's premises and beyond his control, and that Ransom Hall in resisting such removal used no other means or force than was necessary to prevent such removal, he was justified, and the jury should acquit him. The court refused such request, and the counsel for the plaintiff in error excepted.
The court charged the jury, that if they should find that the constable acted in good faith in making the levy upon the beans, believing them to be the property of the execution debtor, and if they should also find that the beans were the property of Ransom Hall, and that Charles Hall had no interest in them, yet the prisoner was not justified in resisting the officer in his attempt to remove the beans, although such resistance was accompanied with no more force than was necessary to prevent such removal, and that they must convict the prisoner. To which the plaintiff in error excepted.
The prisoner was convicted and sentenced to pay a fine of twenty-five dollars, and to be imprisoned until satisfied, not exceeding twenty-five days.
The exceptions above stated present the only question in the case. The question is whether the owner of personal property is liable to an indictment for using force to prevent an officer from levying upon such property by virtue of an execution against another person where the officer acts, not wantonly, carelessly, or oppressively, but in good faith, believing the property to be that of the execution debtor.
We have not been able to find an adjudication upon the precise question in this State. It is well settled that the officer is liable as a wrong doer in a ciyil action for making such levy (Finda v. Van Horne, 16 Wend. 631), and it has been held that there is a distinction in. that respect between a levy under an execution, and a taking of goods pursuant to a writ of replevin; the officer being directed in the latter case to take the particu lar goods described. Foster v. Pettibone, 20 Barb. 350. It was held in the case of People v. Cooper, 13 Wend. 319, that an indictment lies against a party who in the exercise of the right of recaption to repossess himself of goods taken from him, under an attachment against another person, commits a breach of the peace by assaulting the officer who took the goods, if the. process under which the seizure was made, is regular upon its face, although the magistrate who issued it had not jurisdiction of the subject matter. Possibly that case is-distinguishable from this by the circumstance that the officer, when he was assaulted, had the manual possession of the property, when the defendant attempted to regain it. While here, the beans, although a formal levy had been made on them, had not been removed, and were yet in the possession and control of the owner.
The question before us has been passed upon in some of the sister States, but the decisions are conflicting. In Commonwealth v. Kennard, 8 Pick. 133, it was held, that if an officer would take goods belonging to A., and in A.'s possession, upon a writ against B., A. may maintain his possession by force in the same manner as he might against any person who is not an officer. But in State v. Downer, 8 Vt. 424, that doctrine was controverted and its opposite asserted by the Supreme Court of Vermont in a well-reasonéd opinion written by Mr. Justice Bedeield. "If," says the learned judge, " the owner of property may resist an officer in its defense, so may one who believes himself the owner, for it will not do to predicate crime upon so subtle a distinction as an abstract right of property. " lie distinguishes the case from that of an illegal arrest of one person, upon process against another, in which he admits that the officer attempting to make arrest may lawfully be resisted, and says " the case of property is very different, and depends upon criteria which are not the objects of sense." He also adverts to the' consideration, that it is the duty of the officer to attach property whenever required to do so, as creating a distinction between his act and the gratuitous trespass of a stranger, without pretence of process.
Under our statute, the proceeding which the officer is authorized to institute, in his discretion, to try the title, to the property, in case of an adverse claim can only be resorted to, after levy made (Code Civ. Proc. § 1418), and it is essential to the protection of the officer that he should have the actual possession and" control of the property, after his levy, until the adverse claim is disposed of. Besides, the remedy above referred to, is available only to officers levying by - virtue of process issued out of courts of record, and does not apply to a constable levying under an execution upon a justice's judgment.
The doctrine of State v. Downer, was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court of Vermont in State v. Miller, 12 Vt. 437; Merritt v. Miller, 13 Vt. 416; and State v. Buchannan, 17 Vt. 573. It has been approved and followed by the Supreme Court of New Hampshire State v. Fifield, 18 _N. H. 34; State v. Richardson, 38 N. H. 208 ; and the Supreme Court of Ohio, Faris v. State, 3 Ohio St. 159 ; see also Cokeley v. State, 4 Clark (Iowa) 477. We are referred by the counsel for the plaintiff in error to the case of State v. Johnson, 12. Alabama, .840, in which the Massachusetts case above cited was followed. But it does not appear that the cases in conflict therewith were brought to the attention of the court. We are referred by the counsel for the plaintiff in error, to' an English case cited in Wharton's Am. Or. Law, 3 Ed. p. 554, but we have not had access to'it. The case of the People v. Wentworth, 4 Scam. 550 is also cited. The opinions above referred to seem to have exhausted the subject, and it is only necessary for us to say that we concur in the reasoning and conclusion of State v. Downer, and 'the other con7 curring cases above cited. The conviction and judgment should be affirmed..
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treatiseonanatom0000calv_20 | English-PD | Public Domain | “T am acquainted with no other pub- lished course that appears to me so well calculated by its method, by its clearness and precision of its rules, and by the ap- priateness of its exercises, to ground the pupil solidly in an accurate and famil- lar knowledge of the language.’’—Gxro, ALLEN, Prof. of Greek and Latin in the University of Pennsylvania. Voltatre’s Charles XTTf. Histoire de Charles XT]. 18mo. Nouvelle Edition, ravue et corrigée par MM. Mouls. 63 cents, trale. roan. $1.25. This edition, just issued, has been printed in Paris, and forms the first vol- ume of a series of good French Reading- Books now being issued by Messrs. Lip- pittcott & Co., which, from the correct- 1z2mo. Nouvelle Edition, avec une Carte de l’Europe cen- With Explanatory Notes and English Vocabulary by Gus- TAVE Masson, B. A., Assistant Master of Harrow School. 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1725487_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | 65 Mich. App. 161 (1975)
237 N.W.2d 228
PEOPLE
v.
CUSHMAN
Docket No. 22481.
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Decided October 14, 1975.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, and Gerald D. Lostracco, Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Gerald M. Stevens, for defendant.
Before: BASHARA, P.J., and J.H. GILLIS and M.F. CAVANAGH, JJ.
M.F. CAVANAGH, J.
The defendant was found guilty by a jury in Shiawassee County Circuit Court of the offense of delivery of a controlled substance; namely, heroin. MCLA 335.341(1)(a); MSA 18.1070(41)(1)(a). On appeal the defendant raises several issues, only one of which merits discussion.[1]
The theory which the defendant sought to present at trial was that he was entrapped into the sale of the heroin to undercover agents. According to the defense theory, the defendant's cousin, while working secretly as a police agent, induced him into selling a small amount of heroin to a *163 third person who was supposedly very sick because of his addiction. The prosecution presented evidence that the defendant's cousin was not an agent of the police and that no representation of the buyer being sick was ever made to the defendant.
The trial court submitted the entrapment issue to the jury and instructed them, in pertinent part:
"I further instruct you that it is the law of this State that an undercover agent's mere offer to purchase drugs does not constitute entrapment. If you find that through some inducement the police officer prompted the Defendant to engage in an unlawful act with regard to heroin, which he would not have otherwise performed, then you must find him not guilty because of entrapment. You are instructed that the prevention of crime is a proper function of law, of enforcement officers, but the manufacture of a crime is not part of that function.
"In considering the evidence in this case, you must first decide whether the prosecution has established beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant sold or transferred heroin, as charged in the Information. If you find beyond a reasonable doubt that he sold or transferred the heroin, you must then consider all of the evidence and determine whether he had been induced to do so by reason of having been lured or enticed by the police officers. If you find that what he did was the result of the inducement, enticement or luring, except as I have read to you before, and I read it to you again, where the activity goes beyond the mere offer of such an opportunity, and when their conduct is of a kind that could induce or instigate the commission of a crime by one not ready and willing to commit it, the burden to overcome the presumption of innocence, as I have stated to you before, rests upon the government."
The defendant did not object to this instruction.
In People v Turner, 390 Mich. 7; 210 NW2d 336 (1973), the Michigan Supreme Court adopted the *164 "objective" test of entrapment.[2] The Court relied heavily upon the dissenting opinion of Justice Stewart in United States v Russell, 411 U.S. 423; 93 S. Ct. 1637; 36 L. Ed. 2d 366 (1973). Both opinions placed the determination of entrapment upon the evaluation of whether repugnant methods were used by the police rather than the defendant's predisposition to commit the offense. 390 Mich. 7, 19-21.
Justice Stewart also discussed the issue which is presently before this Court:
"Phrased another way, the question is whether regardless of the predisposition to crime of the particular defendant involved the governmental agents have acted in such a way as is likely to instigate or create a criminal offense. Under this approach, the determination of the lawfulness of the Government's conduct must be made as it is on all questions involving the legality of law enforcement methods by the trial judge, not the jury." 411 U.S. 423, 441.
The Michigan Supreme Court in Turner, however, did not comment upon whether the objective determination of entrapment is one for the trial judge or the jury. Turner, however, did rely upon Justice Roberts' concurring opinion in Sorrells v United States, 287 U.S. 435; 53 S. Ct. 210; 77 L. Ed. 413 (1932), and Justice Frankfurter's concurring opinion in Sherman v United States, 356 U.S. 369; 78 S. Ct. 819; 2 L. Ed. 2d 848 (1958). Both of these eminent jurists concluded that the issue of entrapment is one for the trial judge.
Justice Frankfurter explained and added to the *165 rationale of Justice Roberts as to why the entrapment determination cannot be made by a jury:
"As Mr. Justice Roberts convincingly urged in the Sorrells case, such a judgment, aimed at blocking off areas of impermissible police conduct, is appropriate for the court and not the jury. `The protection of its own functions and the preservation of the purity of its own temple belongs only to the court. It is the province of the court and of the court alone to protect itself and the government from such prostitution of the criminal law. The violation of the principles of justice by the entrapment of the unwary into crime should be dealt with by the court no matter by whom or at what stage of the proceedings the facts are brought to its attention.' 287 US at 457 [53 S Ct at 218; 77 L Ed at 425] (separate opinion). Equally important is the consideration that a jury verdict, although it may settle the issue of entrapment in the particular case, cannot give significant guidance for official conduct for the future. Only the court, through the gradual evolution of explicit standards in accumulated precedents, can do this with the degree of certainty that the wise administration of criminal justice demands." 356 U.S. 369, 385.
We think that these rationales are persuasive that in this jurisdiction the defense of entrapment is one which must be decided by the trial court, not the jury. Recent opinions by this Court are harmonious on this point. See People v Zeegers, 61 Mich. App. 546; 233 NW2d 76 (1975), and People v Habel (On Rehearing), 53 Mich. App. 399; 220 NW2d 74 (1974).
The purpose of not imposing criminal liability where the defendant has been entrapped into committing an offense is to deter improper police conduct. A general jury verdict of not guilty would not be instructive as to whether official conduct went beyond the boundaries of sound public policy. This evaluation, like that of confessions and other *166 evidence alleged to have been obtained illegally, must be one for the courts in their supervisory role over the administration of criminal justice. See generally Chief Justice Traynor's dissent in People v Moran, 1 Cal 3d 755; 83 Cal Rptr 411; 463 P2d 763 (1970).
Although neither party objected to the submission of the entrapment issue to the jury, this does not preclude our review of this issue. Further, while defense counsel in his brief on appeal made only an oblique reference to the issues discussed herein, the people's appellate brief speaks directly to them, and at the oral argument of this cause counsel for the people admitted that the trial court's actions were violative of both Turner and Habel but argued these errors were harmless. A trial court is bound to follow the law notwithstanding the fact that the parties are negligent in not calling it to the court's attention. People v Glover, 47 Mich. App. 454, 458; 209 NW2d 533 (1973).
Because entrapment is not a jury issue, instructional content will, of course, not pose a problem for trial courts. It is important, however, for the court to utilize the proper standards in deciding whether the police entrapped the defendant. The standards evidenced by the jury instructions given in this case are not consonant with Turner's objective test. The character or propensities of a particular defendant are totally irrelevant to the entrapment determination. The court's attention should be focused on the conduct of the police and whether that conduct has in a reprehensible manner instigated the commission of a crime by one not ready and willing to commit it regardless of the propensities of the particular person induced. 390 Mich. 7, 21. See People v Henley, 54 Mich. App. 463; 221 NW2d 218 (1974).
*167 In urging this Court to adopt their respective versions of what occurred between the defendant and police, both parties have misconceived the role of an appellate court in reviewing the rejection of an entrapment defense. Where the viability of the defense depends entirely upon the resolution of a factual dispute, it is the role of the trial court to ascertain those facts and appraise their effect upon the administration of criminal justice. Sorrells v United States, 287 U.S. 435, 455 (Roberts, J., concurring).
The defendant's conviction is reversed and the case is remanded for a new trial.
BASHARA, P.J., concurred.
J.H. GILLIS, J. (dissenting).
I dissent for the reason that our panel is deciding the merits of the case on an issue not raised on appeal nor briefed by the parties. The trial court has not had an opportunity to pass upon the issue and I would, therefore, remand this cause to the trial court treating the appeal as a delayed motion for new trial.
NOTES
[1] Defendant asserts that certain comments by the trial judge were prejudicial and that the court also erred in denying the defendant's request for a continuance. The former issue is without merit since our examination of the record reveals that the comments were not objected to and, in any event, cannot be construed as having denied the defendant a fair and impartial trial. People v Roby, 38 Mich. App. 387; 196 NW2d 346 (1972). Because of our disposition of the entrapment issue, it is unnecessary to consider the continuance question since it is not likely to recur on retrial.
[2] No issue of retroactivity is raised by this case. The trial was held ten months after People v Turner, 390 Mich. 7; 210 NW2d 336 (1973), and six weeks after People v Habel, 53 Mich. App. 399; 220 NW2d 74 (1974). See People v Auer, 393 Mich. 667; 227 NW2d 528 (1975).
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sn89058370_1915-02-25_1_1_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | ADVERTISERS In The Times Get the Largest Circulation at Minimin Cost Let Us Convince You TIMES Printing Of Neatest Things Done on THE TIMES PRESS. Men who know how at reasonable Prices OFF DEVOTED ESPECIALLY TO THE INTERESTS OF MARYVILLE AND BLOUNT COUNTY Volume 32; Number 9 MARYVILLE, TENNESSEE, THURSDAY February 25, 1915 COUNTY'S NEW The Elected at April Term Court Several Prominent Citizens Have Been rested as Candidates "Who will be the pike commissioners?" This is a question that is agitating the minds of Blount county just now, and all with whom we have talked agree that the best men available should be chosen. The pike commissioners are to be selected at the April term of court. Several names have been suggested and several candidates are reported to be in the field. Thos. L. Nuchols and Joe Waters, of Maryville, are prominently spoken of as favorites of the voters of the central part of the county. Mr. Nuchols has a strong following, as has also Mr. Waters, and each is a formidable candidate. These gentlemen are both members of the Baptist church of Maryville. Mr. Nuchols is a graduate of Maryville college, a farmer and director in the First National Bank. He opposed the issuance of bonds. For building Dikes, not because he does not believe in good roads, but he believed, a better choice could have been made in the selection of roads to be piked. Mr. Nuchols does not aspire to be a commissioner, and if he enters the race he will do so because of the solicitation of friends. J. C. Gillenwaters, of the Niles Ferry Pike, who was a pike commissioner in Greene county when a half million dollars was spent in that county for pikes, has been suggested as one of the most valuable men who could be put on the board. However, his attitude toward the suggestion is not known. John Brient, of Friendsville, has been mentioned as a candidate to represent the lower end of the county on the commission. He is a leading businessman, and citizen of that section and is widely known. He is a merchant. No expression has been obtained from him by The Times. Sam Caldwell, a farmer of the first district, is mentioned as a candidate. He is said to be well fitted for the office because of his experience as a farmer and business man and he is reported as having a strong following. The editor of The Times has not learned personally from Mr. Caldwell whether he will run. Jack Fisher, of the Schlosser Leather Co., of Walland, was approached by friends concerning his proposed candidacy to represent the upper end of the county. However, he declined to enter the contest. Dr. Wells, of Mayville, was urged by many friends to go into the race, but he has declined to permit his name to be used in connection with the office. Magistrates of the upper end of the county are reported to have met and endorsed S. H. Dunn Esq., as a candidate for the commission, though he is not seeking election if it is said. Many others will likely be in the contest or suggested as candidates. While there will perhaps not be any bitter contests for the office, much rivalry will likely be shown, though all those mentioned as candidates and their supporters, are of one mind, all believing the money should be spent in the most judicious manner and Blount county get the best and longest pikes possible for the $300,000. Blount Organization BANK WITH US MEN AND MONEY ARE BEHIND OUR NATIONAL BANK A Rural Letter Carrying Association, comprised of rural carriers of Blount county, was organized Monday. Officers are: President, Robert L. Henry, Rt. I, Rockford. Vice-President, Daniel S. Bird, Town, send. Sec. and Treas., J. H. Morton, Route 4, Maryville. Fifteen of the nineteen carriers of the county have joined the association and it is expected the names of the others will be added soon. Members are: Robt. L. Henry, C. F. Simerly, D. S. Bird, D. O. Waters, B. L. Martin, C. T. Blankenship, M. R. McGhee, W. M. Barr, C. E. Anderson, J. V. Oliver, J. H. Morton, W. O. McBath, F. F. Peters, J. A. Costner and J. M. Martin. Attending the organization meeting as visitors were Clayton Yates, a carrier of Knoxville, Mack Haynes, a carrier, of Shooks, and Joe Kidd, of the Knoxville post office. The carriers took Advantage of Washington's birthday to get together, and a most enjoyable time was spent. At noon, the carriers were served dinner at the Maryville Dining hall. As their invited guests on this most enjoyable occasion were the editors of The Times and the Enterprise. Morning and afternoon sessions were held in the county court room. Various advantages that will come to carriers as a result of organization and cooperation, were discussed. The Rural Letter Carriers are among the most important servants of the public and their work and their efforts should be more highly appreciated by those whom they serve. Parties on various rural routes should see that their boxes are conveniently and properly arranged so that the carriers need lose no time in depositing mail. These men visit hundreds of boxes daily, and if one minute were lost at each box because it is not properly erected, hours would soon be consumed for lack of cooperation of parties served. Parties who leave letters or parcel in boxes to be mailed by the carrier, should always leave the exact amount of change, as the carrier cannot stop to count the pennies before he resumes his onward journey. Do everything you can to help the men who bring your mail to you daily. We have not yet known a postman or carrier who did not greet with a happy "good morning" and pleasant smile, those whom he serves. And one who does this is worthy of our cooperation and assistance. The Rural Letter Carriers' association will meet semi-annually on May 30 and September 1. VISIT KNOXVILLE PUBLIC SCHOOLS Miss Goddard to Chaperone Polytechnic Students Next Week. Splendid Prospects For Excellent Baseball Team This Year. EIGHTY-THREE ARE REVIVAL CONVERTS James W. Gates Is To Be Postmaster M. H. Edmondson Will Enjoy Pleasures of Country Life Successful Meeting Is Closed At Maryville College Under the Federal Reserve Banking System of which we are a member, we can take our securities to our district Federal Reserve Bank whenever we want to and get MONEY. Your money is absolutely safe in our bank and YOU GET IT WHEN YOU WANT IT. Come in and "talk business" with us. We always have time to listen. Make OUR bank YOUR bank. We pay 4 percent interest on savings or time deposits. FIRST NATIONAL BANK Maryville, Tennessee One day next week the students of the Normal Training Department will go to Knoxville to visit the city schools. This body of students will be chaperoned by Miss Edith Goddard. From present indications, Polytechnic is going to have the strongest baseball team it has had in years, there is sufficient material for three good teams. Practice will be begun the latter part of the week. A heavy schedule has been arranged, the first game of the season coming about the middle of March. On February 14, Miss Georgianna Letherwood led the Y.M. and W.C.A. On last Sabbath the meeting was led by Prof. W.W. Haggard. Three basketball games have been played by the boys' first team since the Polytechnic notes were published. On Feb. 5th, the Carson and Newman team defeated our boys 28 to 25. On Feb. 13, Polytechnic won from the College Tigers. On Saturday evening our boys won in the fastest game ever played on Polytechnic court. They lined up against the North Carolina team, the college. The North Carolina team of baseball practice is begun by boys on the "Hill" field. The February meeting at Maryville College continued till Friday morning of last week. The time and thought of both students and teachers have centered around these meetings. Consequently, little else of interest has taken place on the hill. Dr. Elmore continued his preaching both morning and evening with great success. His sermons were direct and appealing. He had the support of a large number of students and teachers in the work of the week. A glorious success was permitted to crown their combined efforts. At the final chapel service it was announced that there had been eighty-three professions, and one hundred and eighty-three recensations. After this service the entire college escorted Dr. Elmore to the train and gave him a great ovation. He gave the crowd a farewell address of a few words from the platform of the coach. A large number of the students availed themselves of the opportunity of hearing Prof. Nelson on the new pipe organ of the New Providence. It will soon be Postmaster Cates. Last Wednesday afternoon, President Woodrow Wilson sent to the United States Senate for confirmation, the nomination of James M. Cates, Esq., of Maryville, to be the town's postmaster. He will succeed M. H. Edmondson, who has served a little more than four years. Mr. Cates will take charge of the office within the next few days, Mr. Edmondson says he will go to his farm and follow the peaceful pursuits of the tiller of the soil. Since the announcement of his nomination, Squire Cates, or "Jim" as he is known to his fellow townsmen, and which appellation he likes best, has been showered with congratulations. And that his appointment is popular is proven by the fact that felictitations are coming from hundreds in every walk of life. Senator Luke Lea, who recommended to President Wilson the nomination of Mr. Cates, has endeared himself to his admirers in Blount, and it is said that no man could have been named who would have been more satisfactory to the general public than Mr. Cates, and the Senator's friends congratulate him upon his choice. Mr. Cates is known perhaps to every voter in Blount county. If he is not, it is no fault of his for he has tried to know everybody, and he never forgets those whom he meets. He has been a resident of Maryville practically all of his life, and while he hesitated to tell just how long that has been, elders who were here were his first whimpers of babyhood were heard, say he has resided in Maryville since 1869. Administration, while still in his teens, and while that has been several years ago, he learned many things that will serve him well as postmaster of the present great Maryville. Mr. Cates served as a clerk in the pension office in Knoxville for four years, during the second administration of President Cleveland. Thus he has fared well under the administration of democratic presidents who have served since he was a child, and it is natural for him to hope that He shall live long enough for another democratic president to occupy the white house for each subsequent appointment has been a little bit better, and fancy can only point out to him what other good appointments might come his way if democratic presidents should have the opportunity to continue making them. Mr. Cates is the youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. T. Cates, Sr., two of the best known and most highly respected citizens of Maryville and Blount county. He was born on June 14, 1869. Upon graduating from Maryville college, he read law in his father's office under the direction of his father, and his brother, Gen. Chas. T. Cates, Jr., who is a close personal friend of Senator Lea. He served as assistant postmaster in Maryville under President Cleveland's first administration. After quitting the pension office in Knoxville, Mr. Cates returned to Maryville and began the practice of law. He is recognized as one of the brightest members of the local bar, and he had the endorsement of the entire membership of the state supreme court, also of local attorneys and judges of Tennessee court for the appointment. Mr. Cates was elected a member of the Blount county court in 1909 to fill out the unexpired term of S. L Jones, and was elected in 1912 for a full term of six years. In his last election he received one of the largest majorities ever given a candidate in Maryville. As a member of the county court, Mr. Cates has made a record to which he can point with pride. He has been a leader in every progressive movement, and introduced in the court the resolution which was recently adopted providing for the issuance of $300,000 in pike road bonds. He was a leader in the campaign and worked diligently for the passage of that measure. He has also been active in the interest of better schools. Mr. Cates was married to Miss Neppie Hannum, daughter of Capt. W. Y. C. Hannum, of Maryville, and he and his happy family reside on High Street. Carolinians I church on Friday last. were Garrison, Briggs, Sawyer, Tweed and Price. The score was 29 to 22 in favor of the Polytechnic beys. The boys' second team has also won two games from two college teams since the school notes were published, and the girls' team lost its game to the town team, Mr. W. D. Landon of Jersey ville, Illinois, father of Mrs. C. W. Henry is visiting at Polytechnic. Prof. Duncan was not able to hear his classes last Friday on account of the grippe. Several of the students are out of school on account of sore arms and colds. The Social given by the Y. M. C. A. was enjoyed by about two hundred invited guests. The program was spent in playing snap. The young ladies served ice cream and cake. The Y. M. C. A. held a special service Sunday afternoon with a view to helping the new converts, J. Chas. Walker led the meeting. The junior sections of both the boys' literary societies met in joint session on Saturday for a mock trial, which proved interesting and instructive. The fair weather of the past fortnight has given splendid opportunity for work on the swimming pool, and the work is progressing steadily. The college appreciates the substantial aid the town people gave by the way of donations. Anyone who wishes to come and see the pool during construction is welcome. HERE'S MORE PROOF THAT THE TIMES ADVERTISING PAYS Maryville, Feb. 23, 1915. EDITOR MARYVILLE TIMES: The advertising carried by me in The Times of Feb. 4 has brought such gratifying results that I herewith send half-page ad to be published in The Times of Feb. 25. Since placing the former advertising in your paper exclusively, I have signed contracts for papering and decorating more than thirty rooms. I am convinced that it pays to advertise in The Times. Very respectfully, J. R. BREWER, Painter and Paper Hanger. |
1260137_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Liriomyza cilicornis adalah spesies lalat yang berasal dari genus Liriomyza dan famili Agromyzidae. Lalat ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva
Larva lalat ini herbivora dan biasanya memakan daun.
Referensi
Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Diakses pada 24 September 2012.
Agromyzidae.
|
github_open_source_100_1_501 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ---
# jupyter:
# jupytext:
# text_representation:
# extension: .py
# format_name: light
# format_version: '1.4'
# jupytext_version: 1.1.4
# kernelspec:
# display_name: Python 3
# language: python
# name: python3
# ---
# # S_DisplayStudentTCopulaPdf [<img src="https://www.arpm.co/lab/icons/icon_permalink.png" width=30 height=30 style="display: inline;">](https://www.arpm.co/lab/redirect.php?code=S_DisplayStudentTCopulaPdf&codeLang=Python)
# For details, see [here](https://www.arpm.co/lab/redirect.php?permalink=eb-2-ex-tcop-trad).
# ## Prepare the environment
# +
import os
import os.path as path
import sys
sys.path.append(path.abspath('../../functions-legacy'))
from collections import namedtuple
import numpy as np
from numpy import arange, array, zeros, r_
from scipy.stats import t
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pyplot import figure, scatter, subplots, ylabel, \
xlabel, title
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
plt.style.use('seaborn')
from ARPM_utils import save_plot
from Tscenarios import Tscenarios
from StudentTCopulaPdf import StudentTCopulaPdf
# input parameters
j_ = 3000 # number of simulations
mu = array([[0],[0]]) # location
rho = 0 # correlation
sigvec = array([[1], [2]]) # standard deviations
nu = 4 # degrees of freedom
# grid in the unit square
Grid = arange(0,1.05,0.05)
nGrid = len(Grid)
# -
# ## Compute the pdf of the copula
# +
f_U = zeros((nGrid, nGrid))
c2 = array([[1, rho], [rho, 1]]) # correlation matrix
sigma2 = np.diagflat(sigvec)@[email protected](sigvec) # dispersion matrix
for n in range(nGrid):
for m in range(nGrid):
u = r_[Grid[n], Grid[m]].reshape(-1,1)
f_U[n,m] = StudentTCopulaPdf(u, nu, mu, sigma2) # ## Generate moment matching t-simulations
optionT = namedtuple('option', 'dim_red stoc_rep')
optionT.dim_red = 0
optionT.stoc_rep = 0
X = Tscenarios(nu, mu, sigma2, j_, optionT, 'PCA')
# -
# ## Generate draws from the copula of the t distribution
U_1 = t.cdf((X[[0]] - mu[0]) / sigvec[0], nu) # grade 1
U_2 = t.cdf((X[[1]] - mu[1]) / sigvec[1], nu) # grade 2
U = r_[U_1, U_2] # joint realizations from the required copula
# ## Display the pdf of the t-copula
# +
u_1, u_2 = np.meshgrid(Grid, Grid)
f,ax = subplots(1,1,subplot_kw={'projection':'3d'})
ax.plot_surface(u_1, u_2, f_U.T)
xlabel('Grade $U_1$')
ylabel('Grade $U_2$')
str = 'Pdf of t - Copula with correlation = % .2f'%rho
title(str);
# save_plot(ax=plt.gca(), extension='png', scriptname=os.path.basename('.')[:-3], count=plt.get_fignums()[-1])
# -
# ## Scatter-plot of the t-copula scenarios
figure()
scatter(U[0], U[1], s=10, c=[.5, .5, .5], marker='*')
xlabel('Grade $U_1$')
ylabel('Grade $U_2$')
title('Grade scenarios');
# save_plot(ax=plt.gca(), extension='png', scriptname=os.path.basename('.')[:-3], count=plt.get_fignums()[-1])
|
969524_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Joshua Francis Morris (født 30. september 1991) er en engelsk fotballspiller som spiller for Salford City FC.
Morris er et produkt av Blackburns ungdomsakademi, og signerte proffkontrakt 15. september 2010. Samme høst fikk han sin debut på førstelaget. Det var ingen heldig kamp å debutere i, da laget tapte 7-1 mot Manchester United. Forøvrig var det Morris som slo innlegget til Christopher Samba sitt reduseringsmål. Morris debuterte på internasjonalt nivå for England i en U20 kamp mot Frankrike i februar 2011.
Josh Morris stod under kontrakt med Blackburn ut juni 2015, men var stadig på utlån (Yeowil Town, Rotherham United, Carlisle United, Fleetwood Town). Han gikk 1. juli 2015 til Bradford City, der han fikk en treårig kontrakt. Men avtalen ble avsluttet etter et år, og han gikk til Scunthorpe United på fri transfer 15. juni 2016.
Referanser
Eksterne lenker
Engelske fotballspillere
Fotballspillere for Blackburn Rovers FC
Fotballspillere for Yeovil Town FC
Fotballspillere for Rotherham United FC
Fotballspillere for Fleetwood Town FC
Fotballspillere for Bradford City AFC
Fotballspillere for Scunthorpe United FC
Fotballspillere for Salford City FC
Fødsler i 1991.
|
github_open_source_100_1_502 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | require 'json'
require 'htmlentities'
wordlist = File.read(ARGV[2] || "arabeyes.wordlist").split("\n")
starti = ARGV[0].to_i
endi = ARGV[1].to_i
puts "WORD,ROOT"
starti.upto(endi).each do |n|
word = wordlist[n]
query = 'query=' + ({ dictionary: "AR-EN-WORD-DICTIONARY", word: word, dfilter: true }.to_json)
url = "http://aratools.com/dict-service?format=json&_=1524853230411"
curl = "curl -s \"#{url}\" --data-urlencode '#{query}'"
result = `#{curl}`
formatted = JSON.parse(result, symbolize_names: true)[:result].map { |r| r[:solution][:root] }.uniq
if formatted.size == 1
formatted = HTMLEntities.new.decode(formatted[0])
puts "#{word},#{formatted}"
end
end
|
1849839_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | 610 So. 2d 440 (1992)
Francis Gene JEFFRIES, Petitioner,
v.
STATE of Florida, Respondent.
No. 80166.
Supreme Court of Florida.
December 24, 1992.
Nancy A. Daniels, Public Defender and P. Douglas Brinkmeyer, Asst. Public Defender, Tallahassee, for petitioner.
Robert A. Butterworth, Atty. Gen., James W. Rogers, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen., and Charlie McCoy, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, for respondent.
PER CURIAM.
We have for review Jeffries v. State, 600 So. 2d 565 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992), which certified the following question of great public importance:
Under the requirement of the habitual offender statute, section 775.084(1)(a)2., Florida Statutes (1988 Supp.), that the offense for which a defendant is being sentenced be committed within five years of his release from a prison sentence imposed as a result of a prior conviction, can a defendant, who is still in prison under the sentence imposed for such prior conviction at the time he commits a new offense, be sentenced as an habitual offender?
Id. at 565. We rephrase the question:
Under section 775.084(1)(a)2., can an incarcerated defendant be habitualized for committing an offense more than five years after the incarceration commenced?
We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const.
Francis Gene Jeffries was serving a thirty-five year sentence for a 1980 burglary conviction. In 1989, he was charged with attempted escape and possession of a weapon by a prisoner. Later, he was convicted and sentenced as an habitual offender under the statute quoted immediately below. The First District affirmed. Jeffries, 600 So.2d at 565.
Section 775.084(1)(a)2., Florida Statutes (Supp. 1988), provides for the habitualization of any offense:
*441 committed within 5 years of the date of the conviction of the last prior felony or other qualified offense of which [the defendant] was convicted, or within 5 years of the defendant's release, on parole or otherwise, from a prison sentence or other commitment imposed as a result of a prior conviction for a felony or other qualified offense, whichever is later[.]
(Emphasis added.) The strict language of this statute therefore does not apply to Jeffries or, indeed, to anyone else who has been in prison more than five years but who has not yet been released from custody.
Confronting a highly similar problem, the Second District has applied the rule that statutes should not be construed to render them irrational or absurd. The Second District determined that a similarly worded statute[1] would be rendered absurd if construed to exclude persons in prison for more than five years but who had not yet been released. The term "within" thus was construed to mean "no later than." Smith v. State, 584 So. 2d 1107, 1108 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991). The First District expressly relied on Smith in reaching the same conclusion about the statute at issue here. Jeffries, 600 So.2d at 565.
We have stated elsewhere that common law rules of construction, such as the one applied in Smith, cannot take precedence over provisions of the Constitution. Perkins v. State, 576 So. 2d 1310, 1314 (Fla. 1991). We also have held that criminal statutes must be strictly construed according to their letter, and that this rule of strict construction emanates from article I, section 9 and article II, section 3 of the Florida Constitution. Id. at 1312-14.
It is obvious that the plain meaning of the word "within" is "inside the limits or extent of in time, degree, or distance." American Heritage Dictionary 1387 (2d ed. 1985). "Within" means "during the time of." Black's Law Dictionary 1602 (6th ed. 1991). In common usage, "within" simply is not synonymous with "no later than." The term "within" implies a measurement fixed both at its beginning and its end, whereas "no later than" implies only a fixed end.
The common law rule of construction applied in Smith has no constitutional foundation and must bend before the rule of strict construction. Perkins. Accordingly, the statute quoted above could not be applied to Jeffries because its strict letter excludes him.[2] His crime did not occur "within" the times specified. We emphasize, however, that our holding here applies only to crimes committed in prison while incarcerated. Crimes committed after an escape from prison, for example, would fall within that portion of the statute applicable to releases from prison "on parole or otherwise."
For these reasons, we disapprove Smith to the extent it is inconsistent with our views here, and we remand this cause to the district court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not address the other issue raised by the parties, which lies beyond the scope of the certified question. That question is answered in the negative.
It is so ordered.
BARKETT, C.J., and McDONALD, SHAW, GRIMES, KOGAN and HARDING, JJ., concur.
OVERTON, J., dissents.
NOTES
[1] § 775.084(1)(b)2, Fla. Stat. (Supp. 1988). While the language in this statute differs in minor ways from the statute at issue here, they differ in no way relevant to our determination of this cause.
[2] Of course, the legislature is free to redraft the statute with greater precision.
|
github_open_source_100_1_503 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | <!-- layouts é o nome da pasta, e app o nome do arquivo dela -->
@extends("layouts.app")
<!-- Conteúdo extendido para o arquivo "app" da pasta layouts -->
@section("content")
<h1>Conteúdo criado em nf.blade.php e exportado para app.blade.php </h1>
<h1>{{ $desc }}</h1>
@endsection
|
github_open_source_100_1_504 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import Fluent
struct WorkoutsMigration_v1_1_0: Migration {
func prepare(on database: Database) -> EventLoopFuture<Void> {
database.eventLoop.flatten([
database.schema(Workout.schema)
.field(Workout.FieldKeys.imageKey, .string)
.update(),
database.schema(Exercise.schema)
.field(Exercise.FieldKeys.imageKey, .string)
.update(),
])
}
func revert(on database: Database) -> EventLoopFuture<Void> {
database.eventLoop.flatten([
database.schema(Workout.schema)
.deleteField(Workout.FieldKeys.imageKey)
.update(),
database.schema(Workout.schema)
.deleteField(Workout.FieldKeys.imageKey)
.update()
])
}
}
|
32289_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Seznam slovenskih citrarjev.
A
Franc Ahačič (1903–1980)
Irena Anžič (prej Zdolšek)
Mateja Avšič
B
Doroteja Bedenik (*1986)
Janja Brlec
Tinka Budič
Danica Butinar (*1943)
C
Marjeta Cunk (+ 2017)
D
Luka Demšar (*1985)
Doroteja Dolšak
Miha Dovžan
G
Milena Gabrijelčič
Karli Gradišnik
Irena Glušič
Cita Galič (r. Zakonjšek)
Chiarra Gregorc Planinc
H
Helena Hartman
Hana Hren
I
Cvetka Imperl Bizjak
J
Romana Jauševec
K
Ivan Kiferle (1856-1943)
Franja Kočnik
Urban Koder
Mateja Kolić
Katja Kokalj
Tanja Kokalj
Fran Korun-Koželjski
Miran Kozole - "Špica"
Ana Koželj
Tajda Krajnc
Mateja Kumpraj
L
Fani Lapajne
Tanja Lekše
Klara Levec
Kornelija Lovko
Jasmina Levičar
Tanja Lončar
M
Marjan Marinšek
Josip Mešiček (1865-1923)
Stane Modec
N
Brigita Nagode
Peter Napret
Ana Nikolič
Eva Novak
Vinko Novak
O
Jožef Omulec
P
Tina Pandev
Tomaž Plahutnik
?? Podbevšek
Eva Poglajen
Viktor Poplaz
Damjana Praprotnik
Dejan Praprotnik
Urška Praprotnik
R
Franci Roban (196?-2023)
S
Urška Sajovic
Š
Pavlina Šifrar
Metka Šmon
T
Božo Trnovšek
V
Dorica Vasle
Anita Veršec
Petra Vovčko
Polona Vreček
Janja Vogrin
Z
Tanja Zajc Zupan
Cita Zakonjšek (por. Galič) (Cita Galič)
Tanja Zalokar
Irena Zdolšek (por. Irena Anžič)
Karmen Zidar Kos
Neli Zidar Kos
Martin Zlobko
Ana Zupan
Ivan Zupanc - "Šerif" ?
Citrarji.
|
2023/02018R1727-20231031/02018R1727-20231031_RO.txt_3 | Eurlex | CC-By | (6)
Activitățile magistraților de legătură detașați de Eurojust sunt supuse supravegherii AEPD. Magistrații de legătură prezintă rapoarte colegiului, care informează Parlamentul European și Consiliul în raportul anual și în mod corespunzător cu privire la activitățile lor. Magistrații de legătură informează membrii naționali și autoritățile naționale competente cu privire la toate cazurile care privesc statele lor membre.
(7)
Autoritățile competente ale statelor membre și magistrații de legătură menționați la alineatul (1) se pot contacta reciproc în mod direct. În astfel de cazuri, magistratul de legătură informează membrul național respectiv cu privire la aceste contacte.
(8)
Magistrații de legătură menționați la alineatul (1) sunt conectați la sistemul de gestionare a cazurilor.
Articolul 54
Cereri de cooperare judiciară adresate țărilor terțe și primite din partea acestora
(1)
Eurojust poate coordona, cu acordul statelor membre în cauză, executarea cererilor de cooperare judiciară emise de o țară terță în cazul în care aceste cereri necesită executarea în cel puțin două state membre în cadrul aceleiași cercetări. Astfel de cereri pot fi, de asemenea, transmise către Eurojust de o autoritate națională competentă.
(2)
În cazuri urgente și în conformitate cu articolul 19, MCP poate primi și transmite cererile menționate la alineatul (1) din prezentul articol, dacă au fost formulate de o țară terță care a încheiat un acord de cooperare sau un acord de lucru cu Eurojust.
(3)
Fără a aduce atingere articolului 3 alineatul (5), în cazul în care cererile de cooperare judiciară, care se referă la aceeași cercetare și care necesită executarea într-o țară terță, sunt întocmite de statul membru în cauză, Eurojust facilitează cooperarea judiciară cu țara terță respectivă.
▼M2
Articolul 54a
Procurori de legătură din țări terțe
(1)
Un procuror de legătură dintr-o țară terță poate fi detașat la Eurojust pe baza unui acord de cooperare încheiat înainte de 12 decembrie 2019 între Eurojust și țara terță respectivă sau a unui acord internațional încheiat între Uniune și țara terță în temeiul articolului 218 din TFUE, care permite detașarea unui procuror de legătură.
(2)
Drepturile și obligațiile procurorului de legătură sunt stabilite în acordul de cooperare sau acordul internațional menționat la alineatul (1) sau într-un acord de lucru încheiat în conformitate cu articolul 47 alineatul (3).
(3)
Procurorilor de legătură detașați la Eurojust li se acordă acces la sistemul de gestionare a cazurilor pentru schimbul securizat de date. În conformitate cu articolele 45 și 46, Eurojust rămâne responsabil pentru prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal de către procurorii de legătură în sistemul de gestionare a cazurilor.
Transferurile de date operaționale cu caracter personal către procurori de legătură din țări terțe prin intermediul sistemului de gestionare a cazurilor pot avea loc numai în conformitate cu normele și condițiile prevăzute în prezentul regulament, în acord cu țara respectivă, sau cu alte instrumente juridice aplicabile.
Articolul 24 alineatul (1) al doilea paragraf și articolul 24 alineatul (2) se aplică mutatis mutandis procurorilor de legătură.
Colegiul stabilește condițiile detaliate de acces.
▼B
SECȚIUNEA IV
Transferuri de date cu caracter personal
Articolul 55
Transmiterea datelor operaționale cu caracter personal către instituțiile, organele, oficiile și agențiile Uniunii
(1)
Sub rezerva oricăror restricții suplimentare în temeiul prezentului regulament, în special în temeiul articolului 21 alineatul (8), al articolului 47 alineatul (5) și al articolului 76, Eurojust transmite date operaționale cu caracter personal către o altă instituție, un alt organ, un alt oficiu sau o altă agenție a Uniunii numai în cazul în care datele sunt necesare pentru îndeplinirea legitimă a sarcinilor care sunt de competența instituției, organului, oficiului sau agenției respective a Uniunii.
(2)
În cazul în care datele operaționale cu caracter personal sunt transmise ca urmare a unei cereri din partea unei alte instituții, a unui alt organ, a unui alt oficiu sau a unei alte agenții a Uniunii, atât operatorul, cât și destinatarul își asumă răspunderea pentru legitimitatea transferului respectiv.
Eurojust este obligat să verifice competența celeilalte instituții, a celuilalt organ, a celuilalt oficiu sau a celeilalte agenții a Uniunii și să facă o evaluare provizorie a necesității transmiterii de date operaționale cu caracter personal. Dacă apar îndoieli în privința necesității acestui transfer, Eurojust solicită destinatarului mai multe informații.
Cealaltă instituție, celălalt organ, celălalt oficiu sau cealaltă agenție a Uniunii se asigură că necesitatea transmiterii de date operaționale cu caracter personal poate fi verificată ulterior.
(3)
Cealaltă instituție, celălalt organ, celălalt oficiu sau cealaltă agenție a Uniunii prelucrează datele operaționale cu caracter personal numai în scopurile pentru care au fost transmise.
Articolul 56
Principiile generale ale transferurilor de date operaționale cu caracter personal către țări terțe și către organizații internaționale
(1)
Eurojust poate transfera date operaționale cu caracter personal către o țară terță sau către o organizație internațională, sub rezerva respectării normelor aplicabile privind protecția datelor și a celorlalte dispoziții din prezentul regulament, și numai în cazul în care sunt îndeplinite următoarele condiții:
(a)
transferul este necesar pentru îndeplinirea sarcinilor Eurojust;
(b)
autoritatea din țara terță sau din organizația internațională către care sunt transferate datele operaționale cu caracter personal are competențe de aplicare a legii și competențe în materie penală;
(c)
în cazul în care datele operaționale cu caracter personal care urmează să fie transferate în conformitate cu prezentul articol au fost transmise sau puse la dispoziția Eurojust de un stat membru, Eurojust obține autorizația prealabilă pentru transfer din partea autorității competente relevante a statului membru respectiv, în conformitate cu dreptul său intern al acestuia, cu excepția cazului în care statul membru a autorizat astfel de transferuri, în termeni generali sau sub rezerva unor condiții specifice;
(d)
în cazul unui transfer ulterior de către o țară terță sau o organizație internațională către o altă țară terță sau organizație internațională, Eurojust cere țării terțe sau organizației internaționale care efectuează transferul să obțină autorizarea prealabilă a Eurojust pentru respectivul transferul ulterior.
Eurojust furnizează autorizarea conform literei (d) doar cu autorizarea prealabilă a statului membru de unde provin datele și numai după ce a luat în considerare în mod corespunzător toți factorii relevanți, inclusiv gravitatea infracțiunii, scopul pentru care datele operaționale cu caracter personal au fost transferate inițial și nivelul de protecție a datelor cu caracter personal din țara terță sau din organizația internațională către care urmează să fie transferate ulterior datele operaționale cu caracter personal.
(2)
Sub rezerva condițiilor prevăzute la alineatul (1) din prezentul articol, Eurojust poate transfera date operaționale cu caracter personal către o țară terță sau către o organizație internațională numai în cazul în care se aplică unul dintre următoarele elemente:
(a)
Comisia a decis, în temeiul articolului 57, că țara terță sau organizația internațională în cauză asigură un nivel adecvat de protecție sau, în absența unei astfel de decizii privind caracterul adecvat al nivelului de protecție, în cazul în care se oferă sau există garanții adecvate în conformitate cu articolul 58 alineatul (1) sau, în absența atât a unei decizii privind caracterul adecvat al nivelului de protecție, cât și a unor astfel de garanții adecvate, se aplică o derogare pentru situații specifice în temeiul articolului 59 alineatul (1); sau
(b)
între Eurojust și țara terță sau organizația internațională respectivă a fost încheiat înainte de 12 decembrie 2019 un acord de cooperare care permite schimbul de date operaționale cu caracter personal, în conformitate cu articolul 26a din Decizia 2002/187/JAI; sau
(c)
între Uniune și țara terță sau organizația internațională a fost încheiat în temeiul articolului 218 din TFUE un acord internațional care prevede garanții adecvate în ceea ce privește protecția vieții private și a drepturilor și libertăților fundamentale ale persoanelor.
(3)
Acordurile de lucru menționate la articolul 47 alineatul (3) pot fi utilizate pentru a stabili modalitățile de punere în aplicare a acordurilor sau a deciziilor privind caracterul adecvat al nivelului de protecție menționate la alineatul (2) de la prezentul articol.
(4)
În cazuri urgente, Eurojust poate transfera date operaționale cu caracter personal fără autorizarea prealabilă de către un stat membru în conformitate cu alineatul (1) litera (c). Eurojust procedează astfel numai dacă transferul de date operaționale cu caracter personal este necesar pentru prevenirea unei amenințări imediate și grave la adresa securității publice a unui stat membru sau a unei țări terțe sau la adresa intereselor fundamentale ale unui stat membru, iar autorizarea prealabilă nu poate fi obținută în timp util. Autoritatea responsabilă pentru acordarea unei autorizări prealabile este informată fără întârziere.
(5)
Statele membre și instituțiile, organele, oficiile și agențiile Uniunii nu pot transfera ulterior date operaționale cu caracter personal primite din partea Eurojust către o țară terță sau o organizație internațională. Cu titlul de excepție, acestea pot efectua un astfel de transfer în cazul în care Eurojust l-a autorizat, după ce a luat în considerare în mod corespunzător toți factorii relevanți, inclusiv gravitatea infracțiunii, scopul pentru care datele operaționale cu caracter personal au fost transmise inițial și nivelul de protecție a datelor operaționale cu caracter personal din țara terță sau din organizația internațională către care urmează să fie transferate ulterior datele cu caracter personal.
(6)
Articolele 57, 58 și 59 se aplică pentru a se asigura că nu este subminat nivelul de protecție a persoanelor fizice asigurat prin prezentul regulament și prin dreptul Uniunii.
Articolul 57
Transferuri în temeiul unei decizii privind caracterul adecvat al nivelului de protecție
Eurojust poate transfera date operaționale cu caracter personal către o țară terță sau către o organizație internațională în cazul în care Comisia a decis, în conformitate cu articolul 36 din Directiva (UE) 2016/680, că țara terță, un teritoriu ori unul sau mai multe sectoare determinate din țara terță respectivă sau organizația internațională în cauză asigură un nivel de protecție adecvat.
Articolul 58
Transferuri în baza unor garanții adecvate
(1)
În absența unei decizii privind caracterul adecvat al nivelului de protecție, Eurojust poate transfera date operaționale cu caracter personal către o țară terță sau către o organizație internațională în cazul în care:
(a)
s-au prezentat garanții adecvate în ceea ce privește protecția datelor operaționale cu caracter personal printr-un act cu caracter juridic obligatoriu; sau
(b)
Eurojust a evaluat toate circumstanțele aferente transferului de date operaționale cu caracter personal și a concluzionat că există garanții adecvate în ceea ce privește protecția datelor operaționale cu caracter personal.
(2)
Eurojust informează AEPD despre categoriile de transferuri în temeiul alineatului (1) litera (b).
(3)
Atunci când un transfer se întemeiază pe alineatul (1) litera (b), un astfel de transfer se documentează, iar documentația se pune la dispoziția AEPD la cerere. Documentația trebuie să includă o înregistrare a datei și orei transferului, informații cu privire la autoritatea competentă destinatară, cu privire la justificarea transferului și cu privire la datele operaționale cu caracter personal transferate.
Articolul 59
Derogări pentru situații specifice
(1)
În absența unei decizii privind caracterul adecvat al nivelului de protecție sau a unor garanții adecvate în temeiul articolului 58, Eurojust poate transfera date operaționale cu caracter personal către o țară terță sau către o organizație internațională numai în condițiile în care transferul este necesar:
(a)
pentru protejarea intereselor vitale ale persoanei vizate sau ale unei alte persoane;
(b)
pentru protejarea unor interese legitime ale persoanei vizate;
(c)
pentru prevenirea unei amenințări imediate și grave la adresa securității publice a unui stat membru sau a unei țări terțe; sau
(d)
în cazuri individuale pentru exercitarea atribuțiilor Eurojust, cu excepția cazului în care Eurojust stabilește că drepturile și libertățile fundamentale ale persoanei vizate în cauză prevalează asupra interesului public în ceea ce privește transferul.
(2)
Atunci când un transfer se întemeiază pe alineatul (1), un astfel de transfer se documentează, iar documentația se pune la dispoziția AEPD la cerere. Documentația trebuie să includă o înregistrare a datei și orei transferului, informații cu privire la autoritatea competentă destinatară, cu privire la justificarea transferului și cu privire la datele operaționale cu caracter personal transferate.
CAPITOLUL VI
DISPOZIȚII FINANCIARE
Articolul 60
Bugetul
(1)
Estimări ale tuturor veniturilor și cheltuielilor Eurojust se elaborează pentru fiecare exercițiu financiar, care corespunde anului calendaristic, și se înscriu în bugetul Eurojust.
(2)
Bugetul Eurojust trebuie să fie echilibrat în ceea ce privește veniturile și cheltuielile.
(3)
Fără a aduce atingere altor resurse, veniturile Eurojust cuprind:
(a)
o contribuție din partea Uniunii, înscrisă în bugetul general al Uniunii;
(b)
orice contribuție financiară voluntară din partea statelor membre;
(c)
taxe pentru publicații și orice serviciu furnizat de Eurojust;
(d)
granturi ad-hoc.
(4)
Cheltuielile Eurojust includ remunerația personalului, cheltuielile administrative și de infrastructură și costurile de funcționare, inclusiv finanțare pentru echipele comune de anchetă.
Articolul 61
Elaborarea bugetului
(1)
În fiecare an, directorul administrativ elaborează un proiect de declarație estimativă privind veniturile și cheltuielile Eurojust pentru anul financiar următor, inclusiv planul de personal, pe care le transmite Comitetului executiv. Rețeaua Judiciară Europeană și alte rețele ale Uniunii implicate în cooperarea judiciară în materie penală, menționate la articolul 48, sunt informate cu privire la părțile legate de activitățile lor în timp util, înainte de înaintarea situației estimative către Comisie.
(2)
Pe baza proiectului de declarație estimativă, Comitetul executiv examinează proiectul provizoriu de estimare a veniturilor și cheltuielilor Eurojust pentru exercițiul financiar următor, pe care îl înaintează colegiului spre adoptare.
(3)
Proiectul provizoriu de estimare a veniturilor și cheltuielilor Eurojust este trimis Comisiei până cel târziu la data de 31 ianuarie a fiecărui an. Eurojust trimite Comisiei proiectul final de estimare, care cuprinde un proiect al planului de personal, până la 31 martie al aceluiași an.
(4)
Comisia transmite declarația estimativă Parlamentului European și Consiliului (autoritatea bugetară), împreună cu proiectul de buget general al Uniunii.
(5)
Pe baza declarației estimative, Comisia înscrie în proiectul de buget general al Uniunii Europene estimările pe care le consideră necesare pentru planul de personal și cuantumul contribuției care trebuie alocat din bugetul general pe care le prezintă autorității bugetare în conformitate cu articolele 313 și 314 din TFUE.
(6)
Autoritatea bugetară autorizează creditele pentru contribuția Uniunii alocată Eurojust.
(7)
Autoritatea bugetară adoptă planul de personal al Eurojust. Bugetul Eurojust se adoptă de către Colegiu. Acesta devine definitiv după adoptarea definitivă a bugetului general al Uniunii. Dacă este necesar, bugetul Eurojust se ajustează de către Colegiu în consecință.
(8)
Articolul 88 din Regulamentul delegat (UE) nr. 1271/2013 al Comisiei (
8
) se aplică pentru orice proiect imobiliar care poate avea implicații semnificative pentru bugetul Eurojust.
Articolul 62
Execuția bugetară
Directorul administrativ acționează în calitate de ordonator de credite al Eurojust și execută bugetul Eurojust pe propria răspundere, în limitele autorizate în buget.
Articolul 63
Prezentarea conturilor și descărcarea de gestiune
(1)
Contabilul Eurojust transmite conturile provizorii pentru exercițiul financiar (anul N) contabilului Comisiei și Curții de Conturi până la data de 1 martie a exercițiului financiar următor (anul N+1).
(2)
Eurojust transmite raportul privind gestiunea bugetară și financiară pentru anul N Parlamentului European, Consiliului și Curții de Conturi până la data de 31 martie a anului N+1.
(3)
Contabilul Comisiei transmite Curții de Conturi conturile provizorii ale Eurojust pentru anul N, consolidate cu cele ale Comisiei, până la data de 31 martie a anului N+1.
(4)
În conformitate cu articolul 246 alineatul (1) din Regulamentul (UE, Euratom) 2018/1046, Curtea de Conturi își formulează observațiile cu privire la conturile provizorii ale Eurojust până la data de 1 iunie a anului N+1.
(5)
La primirea observațiilor formulate de Curtea de Conturi privind conturile provizorii ale Eurojust în temeiul articolului 246 din Regulamentul (UE, Euratom) 2018/1046, directorul administrativ elaborează conturile finale ale Eurojust pe propria răspundere și le prezintă Comitetului executiv pentru aviz.
(6)
Comitetul executiv emite un aviz cu privire la conturile finale ale Eurojust.
(7)
Până la data de 1 iulie a anului N+1, directorul administrativ transmite conturile finale pentru anul N Parlamentului European, Consiliului, Comisiei și Curții de Conturi, împreună cu avizul Comitetului executiv.
(8)
Conturile finale pentru anul N ale Eurojust se publică în Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene până la data de 15 noiembrie a anului N+1.
(9)
Directorul administrativ transmite Curții de Conturi un răspuns la observațiile acesteia până la data de 30 septembrie a anului N+1. Directorul administrativ transmite acest răspuns, de asemenea, Comitetului executiv și Comisiei.
(10)
Directorul administrativ transmite Parlamentului European, la cererea acestuia din urmă, orice informație necesară pentru buna derulare a procedurii de descărcare de gestiune pentru exercițiul financiar în cauză, în conformitate cu articolul 261 alineatul (3) din Regulamentul (UE, Euratom) 2018/1046.
(11)
La recomandarea Consiliului, hotărând cu o majoritate calificată, Parlamentul European aprobă, înainte de data de 15 mai a anului N+2, descărcarea de gestiune a directorului administrativ în ceea ce privește execuția bugetară pentru anul N.
(12)
Descărcarea de gestiune pentru execuția bugetului Eurojust se acordă de Parlamentul European, la recomandarea Consiliului, cu urmarea unei proceduri comparabile cu cea prevăzută la articolul 319 din TFUE și la articolele 260, 261 și 262 din Regulamentul (UE, Euratom) 2018/1046, pe baza raportului de audit al Curții de Conturi.
În cazul refuzului Parlamentului European de a autoriza descărcarea de gestiune până la data de 15 mai a anului N+2, directorul administrativ este invitat să-și exprime poziția în fața Colegiului, care ia o decizie finală în privința poziției directorului administrativ, în funcție de circumstanțe.
Articolul 64
Normele financiare
(1)
Normele financiare aplicabile Eurojust se adoptă de către Comitetul executiv în conformitate cu Regulamentul delegat (UE) nr. 1271/2013, după consultarea Comisiei. Aceste norme financiare nu derogă de la Regulamentul delegat (UE) nr. 1271/2013, cu excepția cazului în care o astfel de derogare se impune în mod special pentru funcționarea Eurojust, iar Comisia și-a dat acordul prealabil.
În ceea ce privește sprijinul financiar acordat pentru activitățile echipelor comune de anchetă, Eurojust și Europol instituie în comun normele și condițiile în baza cărora sunt prelucrate cererile de sprijin.
(2)
Eurojust poate acorda granturi legate de îndeplinirea sarcinilor sale conform articolului 4 alineatul (1). Granturile prevăzute pentru sarcinile menționate la articolul 4 alineatul (1) litera (f) se pot acorda statelor membre fără a recurge la o cerere de propuneri.
CAPITOLUL VII
DISPOZIȚII PRIVIND PERSONALUL
Articolul 65
Dispoziții generale
(1)
Personalului Eurojust i se aplică Statutul funcționarilor și Regimul aplicabil celorlalți agenți, precum și normele adoptate de comun acord de către instituțiile Uniunii de punere în aplicare a Statutului funcționarilor și a Regimului aplicabil celorlalți agenți.
(2)
Personalul Eurojust este format din personal recrutat în conformitate cu normele și regulamentele aplicabile funcționarilor și celorlalți agenți ai Uniunii, ținând cont de toate criteriile menționate la articolul 27 din Statutul funcționarilor, inclusiv de distribuția geografică a acestora.
Articolul 66
Experții naționali detașați și alte categorii de personal
(1)
Pe lângă personalul propriu, Eurojust poate utiliza experți naționali detașați sau alte categorii de personal neangajați de Eurojust.
(2)
Colegiul adoptă o decizie de stabilire a normelor privind detașarea la Eurojust a experților naționali și privind utilizarea altor membri ai personalului, în special pentru a evita eventualele conflicte de interese.
(3)
Eurojust ia măsuri administrative corespunzătoare, printre altele, prin strategii de formare și prevenire, pentru a evita conflictele de interese, inclusiv conflictele de interese referitoare la aspectele legate de perioada ulterioară angajării.
CAPITOLUL VIII
EVALUARE ȘI RAPORTARE
Articolul 67
Implicarea instituțiilor Uniunii și a parlamentelor naționale
(1)
Eurojust transmite raportul său anual Parlamentului European, Consiliului și parlamentelor naționale, care pot prezenta observații și concluzii.
(2)
Ulterior alegerii sale, președintele nou ales al Eurojust face o declarație în fața comisiei sau a comisiilor competente ale Parlamentului European și răspunde întrebărilor adresate de membrii acestor comisii. Discuțiile nu se referă în mod direct sau indirect la acțiuni concrete întreprinse în legătură cu cazuri operaționale specifice.
(3)
Președintele Eurojust se prezintă o dată pe an în cadrul unei reuniuni interparlamentare la nivel de comisii în vederea evaluării în comun de către Parlamentul European și parlamentele naționale a activităților Eurojust, pentru a discuta despre activitățile curente ale Eurojust și pentru a-și prezenta raportul anual sau alte documente esențiale ale Eurojust.
Discuțiile nu se referă în mod direct sau indirect la acțiuni concrete întreprinse în legătură cu cazuri operaționale specifice.
(4)
În plus față de alte obligații de informare și consultare prevăzute în prezentul regulament, Eurojust transmite Parlamentului European și parlamentelor naționale, în limbile oficiale ale acestora, spre informare:
(a)
rezultatele studiilor și proiectelor strategice elaborate sau comandate de Eurojust;
(b)
documentele de programare menționate la articolul 15;
(c)
acordurile de lucru încheiate cu terți.
Articolul 68
Avize privind propunerile de acte legislative
Comisia și statele membre care își exercită drepturile în temeiul articolului 76 litera (b) din TFUE pot solicita avizul Eurojust cu privire la toate propunerile de acte legislative menționate la articolul 76 din TFUE.
Articolul 69
Evaluare și revizuire
(1)
Până la 13 decembrie 2024 și, ulterior, la fiecare cinci ani, Comisia comandă o evaluare a punerii în aplicare și a impactului prezentului regulament, precum și a eficacității și a eficienței Eurojust și a practicilor de lucru ale acestuia. Colegiul este implicat în evaluare. Evaluarea poate analiza, în special, eventuala necesitate de a modifica mandatul Eurojust și implicațiile financiare ale unei astfel de modificări.
(2)
Comisia transmite raportul de evaluare împreună cu concluziile sale Parlamentului European, parlamentelor naționale, Consiliului și Colegiului. Rezultatele evaluării se fac publice.
CAPITOLUL IX
DISPOZIȚII GENERALE ȘI FINALE
Articolul 70
Privilegii și imunități
Protocolul nr. 7 privind privilegiile și imunitățile Uniunii Europene, anexat la TUE și TFUE, se aplică Eurojust și personalului său.
Articolul 71
Regimul lingvistic
(1)
Regulamentul nr. 1 al Consiliului (
9
) se aplică Eurojust.
(2)
Colegiul hotărăște cu privire la regimul lingvistic intern al Eurojust cu o majoritate de două treimi dintre membrii săi.
(3)
Serviciile de traducere necesare pentru funcționarea Eurojust vor fi asigurate de Centrul de Traduceri pentru Organismele Uniunii Europene, astfel cum a fost instituit prin Regulamentul (CE) nr. 2965/94 al Consiliului (
10
), cu excepția cazului în care indisponibilitatea Centrului de Traduceri necesită găsirea unei soluții diferite.
Articolul 72
Confidențialitate
(1)
Membrii naționali, supleanții și asistenții acestora menționați la articolul 7, personalul Eurojust, corespondenții naționali, experții naționali detașați, magistrații de legătură, responsabilul cu protecția datelor și membrii și personalul AEPD sunt supuși obligației de confidențialitate cu privire la orice informație care le este adusă la cunoștință în cursul îndeplinirii sarcinilor lor.
(2)
Obligația de confidențialitate se aplică tuturor persoanelor și organismelor care colaborează cu Eurojust.
(3)
Obligația de confidențialitate se aplică și după încetarea mandatului sau a contractului de muncă și după încetarea activităților persoanelor menționate la alineatele (1) și (2).
(4)
Obligația de confidențialitate se aplică tuturor informațiilor primite sau schimbate de Eurojust, cu excepția cazului în care respectivele informații au fost deja făcute publice în mod legal sau sunt accesibile publicului.
Articolul 73
Condiții privind confidențialitatea procedurilor naționale
(1)
Fără a aduce atingere articolului 21 alineatul (3), atunci când sunt primite sau schimbate informații prin intermediul Eurojust, autoritatea din statul membru care a furnizat informațiile poate stipula condiții, în temeiul dreptului său intern, privind utilizarea informațiilor respective în cadrul procedurilor naționale de către autoritatea care le primește.
(2)
Condițiile respective sunt obligatorii pentru autoritatea din statul membru care primește informațiile menționate la alineatul (1).
Articolul 74
Transparență
(1)
Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1049/2001 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului (
11
) se aplică documentelor deținute de Eurojust.
(2)
Comitetul executiv elaborează, în termen de șase luni de la data primei sale reuniuni, normele detaliate de aplicare a Regulamentului (CE) nr. 1049/2001 în vederea adoptării acestora de către Colegiu.
(3)
Deciziile luate de către Eurojust în temeiul articolului 8 din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1049/2001 pot face obiectul unei plângeri către Ombudsmanul European sau al unei acțiuni în fața Curții, în condițiile prevăzute la articolul 228 și, respectiv, articolul 263 din TFUE.
(4)
Eurojust publică pe site-ul său o listă a membrilor Comitetului executiv și rezumatele rezultatelor reuniunilor Comitetului executiv. Publicarea respectivelor rezumate este omisă sau restricționată, temporar sau permanent, în cazul în care ar periclita îndeplinirea sarcinilor Eurojust, ținând seama de obligațiile acestuia privind discreția și confidențialitatea, precum și de caracterul operațional al Eurojust.
Articolul 75
OLAF și Curtea de Conturi
(1)
Pentru a facilita combaterea fraudei, a corupției și a altor activități ilegale, în temeiul Regulamentului (UE, Euratom) nr. 883/2013, în termen de șase luni de la intrarea în vigoare a prezentului regulament, Eurojust aderă la Acordul Interinstituțional din 25 mai 1999 dintre Parlamentul European, Consiliul Uniunii Europene și Comisia Comunităților Europene privind investigațiile interne desfășurate de Oficiul European de Lupta Antifraudă (OLAF) (
12
). Eurojust adoptă dispozițiile corespunzătoare aplicabile tuturor membrilor naționali, supleanților și asistenților acestora, tuturor experților naționali detașați și întregului personal Eurojust, utilizând modelul prevăzut în anexa la respectivul acord.
(2)
Curtea de Conturi are competența de a efectua audituri, pe baza documentelor și la fața locului, cu privire la toți beneficiarii de granturi, contractanții și subcontractanții care au beneficiat de fonduri ale Uniunii de la Eurojust.
(3)
OLAF poate efectua investigații, inclusiv controale și inspecții la fața locului, în conformitate cu dispozițiile și procedurile prevăzute de Regulamentul (UE, Euratom) nr. 883/2013 și Regulamentul (Euratom, CE) nr. 2185/96 al Consiliului (
13
), pentru a stabili dacă au existat nereguli care aduc atingere intereselor financiare ale Uniunii în legătură cu cheltuielile finanțate de EPPO.
(4)
Fără a aduce atingere alineatelor (1), (2) și (3), acordurile de lucru cu țările terțe sau organizațiile internaționale, contractele, acordurile de grant și deciziile de grant ale Eurojust includ dispoziții de mandatare expresă a Curții de Conturi și a OLAF pentru a efectua astfel de audituri și investigații, în conformitate cu competențele lor respective.
(5)
Membrii personalului Eurojust, directorul administrativ și membrii Colegiului și ai Comitetului executiv îi notifică OLAF și Parchetului European, fără întârziere și fără ca responsabilitatea lor să fie pusă în discuție din cauza acestei informări, orice suspiciune de nereguli sau activități ilegale din timpul mandatelor lor de care au avut cunoștință în exercitarea atribuțiilor lor.
Articolul 76
Norme privind protecția informațiilor sensibile neclasificate și a informațiilor clasificate
(1)
Eurojust stabilește norme interne privind tratarea și confidențialitatea informațiilor și privind protecția informațiilor sensibile neclasificate, inclusiv privind crearea și prelucrarea unor astfel de informații la Eurojust.
(2)
Eurojust stabilește norme interne pentru protejarea informațiilor UE clasificate care trebuie să fie în concordanță cu Decizia 2013/488/UE a Consiliului (
14
), cu scopul de a asigura un nivel de protecție echivalent pentru astfel de informații.
Articolul 77
Investigații administrative
Activitățile administrative ale Eurojust sunt supuse investigațiilor efectuate de către Ombudsmanul European în conformitate cu articolul 228 din TFUE.
Articolul 78
Alte tipuri de răspundere în afara celei pentru prelucrarea neautorizată sau incorectă a datelor
(1)
Răspunderea contractuală a Eurojust este reglementată de dreptul aplicabil contractului în cauză.
(2)
Curtea este competentă să se pronunțe în temeiul oricărei clauze compromisorii cuprinse în contractele încheiate de către Eurojust.
(3)
În cazul răspunderii necontractuale, Eurojust, în conformitate cu principiile generale comune ordinilor juridice ale statelor membre și independent de orice răspundere antrenată în temeiul articolului 46, repară orice prejudiciu cauzat de către Eurojust sau de către personalul său în exercitarea atribuțiilor lor.
(4)
Alineatul (3) se aplică, de asemenea, prejudiciilor cauzate din vina unui membru național, a unui supleant sau a unui asistent în exercitarea atribuțiilor lor. Cu toate acestea, în cazul în care aceștia acționează în temeiul competențelor care le-au fost conferite în temeiul articolului 8, statul său membru rambursează Eurojust sumele plătite de Eurojust pentru a repara prejudiciul cauzat.
(5)
Curtea este competentă în litigiile privind repararea prejudiciilor menționate la alineatul (3).
(6)
Instanțele naționale ale statelor membre competente să soluționeze litigiile care implică răspunderea Eurojust astfel cum se prevede în prezentul articol se stabilesc în conformitate cu Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1215/2012 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului (
15
).
(7)
Răspunderea personală a personalului Eurojust față de Eurojust este reglementată de dispozițiile aplicabile prevăzute în Statutul funcționarilor și în Regimul aplicabil celorlalți agenți.
Articolul 79
Acordul privind sediul și condițiile de funcționare
(1)
Sediul Eurojust este la Haga, Țările de Jos.
(2)
Aranjamentele necesare privind găzduirea care urmează să fie asigurată Eurojust în Țările de Jos și facilitățile care trebuie puse la dispoziție de către Țările de Jos, împreună cu normele specifice aplicabile în Țările de Jos directorului administrativ, membrilor colegiului, personalului Eurojust și membrilor familiilor acestora, se stabilesc printr-un acord privind sediul între Eurojust și Țările de Jos, încheiat după obținerea aprobării din partea colegiului.
Articolul 80
Dispoziții tranzitorii
(1)
Eurojust, astfel cum este instituit prin prezentul regulament, este succesorul legal general cu privire la toate contractele încheiate de Eurojust, obligațiile care îi revin și proprietățile achiziționate de Eurojust, astfel cum a fost instituit prin Decizia 2002/187/JAI.
(2)
Membrii naționali ai Eurojust, astfel cum a fost instituită prin Decizia 2002/187/JAI, care au fost detașați de fiecare stat membru în temeiul deciziei menționate își asumă rolul de membri naționali ai Eurojust în temeiul capitolului II din secțiunea II din prezentul regulament. Mandatele lor pot fi prelungite o singură dată, în temeiul articolului 7 alineatul (5) din prezentul regulament, după data intrării în vigoare a prezentului regulament, indiferent de prelungirile anterioare.
(3)
La data intrării în vigoare a prezentului regulament, președintele și vicepreședinții Eurojust, astfel cum a fost instituită prin Decizia 2002/187/JAI, își asumă funcțiile de președinte și de vicepreședinți ai Eurojust în conformitate cu articolul 11 din prezentul regulament, până la expirarea mandatelor lor în conformitate cu decizia menționată. Ei pot fi realeși o singură dată după intrarea în vigoare a prezentului regulament în temeiul articolului 11 alineatul (4) din prezentul regulament, indiferent de realegerile anterioare.
(4)
Ultimul director administrativ care a fost numit în temeiul articolului 29 din Decizia 2002/187/JAI își asumă rolul de director administrativ în temeiul articolului 17 din prezentul regulament, până la expirarea mandatului său în conformitate cu decizia menționată. Mandatul directorului administrativ în cauză poate fi prelungit o singură dată după intrarea în vigoare a prezentului regulament.
(5)
Prezentul regulament nu aduce atingere validității acordurilor încheiate de către Eurojust, astfel cum a fost instituit prin Decizia 2002/187/JAI. În special, toate acordurile internaționale încheiate de către Eurojust înainte de 12 decembrie 2019 rămân valabile.
(6)
Procedura de descărcare de gestiune în ceea ce privește bugetele aprobate în temeiul articolului 35 din Decizia 2002/187/JAI se desfășoară în conformitate cu normele stabilite la articolul 36 din decizia menționată.
(7)
Prezentul regulament nu aduce atingere contractelor de muncă încheiate în temeiul Deciziei 2002/187/JAI înainte de intrarea în vigoare a prezentului regulament. Ultimul responsabil cu protecția datelor care a fost numit în temeiul articolului 17 din decizia menționată își asumă rolul de responsabil cu protecția datelor în temeiul articolului 36 din prezentul regulament.
▼M1
(8)
Prin derogare de la articolul 23 alineatul (6), Eurojust poate constitui o unitate de gestionare și stocare automatizată a datelor, separată de sistemul de gestionare a cazurilor menționat la articolul 23, cu scopul de a prelucra date operaționale cu caracter personal pentru îndeplinirea funcției operaționale menționate la articolul 4 alineatul (1) litera (j) (denumită în continuare „unitatea de gestionare și stocare automatizată a datelor”).
Unitatea de gestionare și stocare automatizată a datelor respectă cele mai înalte standarde de securitate cibernetică.
În pofida articolului 90 din Regulamentul (UE) 2018/1725, Eurojust consultă AEPD înainte de a opera unitatea de gestionare și stocare automatizată a datelor. AEPD emite un aviz în termen de două luni de la primirea unei notificări din partea responsabilului cu protecția datelor.
Notificarea din partea responsabilului cu protecția datelor menționată la al treilea paragraf conține cel puțin următoarele elemente:
(a)
o descriere generală a operațiunilor de prelucrare avute în vedere;
(b)
o evaluare a riscurilor la adresa drepturilor și libertăților persoanelor vizate;
(c)
măsurile avute în vedere pentru abordarea riscurilor menționate la litera (b);
(d)
garanțiile, măsurile de securitate și mecanismele menite să asigure protecția datelor cu caracter personal și să demonstreze respectarea dispozițiilor prezentului regulament, luând în considerare drepturile și interesele legitime ale persoanelor vizate și ale altor persoane în cauză.
Dispozițiile privind protecția datelor stabilite în prezentul regulament și în Regulamentul (UE) 2018/1725 se aplică prelucrării datelor în unitatea de gestionare și stocare automatizată a datelor, în măsura în care nu se referă în mod direct la configurația tehnică a sistemului de gestionare a cazurilor. Drepturile de acces și duratele de stocare a datelor în unitatea de gestionare și stocare automatizată a datelor sunt în conformitate cu normele aplicabile privind accesul la fișierele de lucru temporare în sprijinul cărora sunt stocate datele respective și cu duratele aferente, în special cele prevăzute la articolul 29 din prezentul regulament.
Derogarea prevăzută la prezentul alineat se aplică atât timp cât rămâne operațional sistemul de gestionare a cazurilor compus din fișiere de lucru temporare și dintr-un index.
▼M2
(9)
Eurojust poate utiliza în continuare sistemul de gestionare a cazurilor compus din fișiere de lucru temporare și dintr-un index până la 1 decembrie 2025, dacă noul sistem de gestionare a cazurilor nu este încă implementat.
(10)
Autoritățile naționale competente și Eurojust pot utiliza în continuare alte canale de comunicare decât cele menționate la articolul 22a alineatul (1) până la prima zi a lunii care urmează perioadei de doi ani de la data intrării în vigoare a actului de punere în aplicare menționat la articolul 22b din prezentul regulament, dacă canalele de comunicare menționate la articolul 22a alineatul (1) nu sunt încă disponibile pentru schimbul direct între ele.
(11)
Autoritățile naționale competente pot continua să furnizeze informații în alte moduri decât în mod semiautomat, în conformitate cu articolul 22a alineatul (3), până la prima zi a lunii care urmează perioadei de doi ani de la data intrării în vigoare a actului de punere în aplicare menționat la articolul 22b din prezentul regulament, dacă cerințele tehnice nu sunt încă îndeplinite.
▼B
Articolul 81
Înlocuire și abrogare
(1)
Decizia 2002/187/JAI se înlocuiește pentru statele membre care își asumă obligații în temeiul prezentului regulament cu începere de la 12 decembrie 2019.
Prin urmare, Decizia 2002/187/JAI se abrogă de la 12 decembrie 2019.
(2)
În ceea ce privește statele membre care își asumă obligații în temeiul prezentului regulament, trimiterile la decizia menționată la alineatul (1) se interpretează ca trimiteri la prezentul regulament.
Articolul 82
Intrarea în vigoare și aplicarea
(1)
Prezentul regulament intră în vigoare în a douăzecea zi de la data publicării în Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene.
(2)
Prezentul regulament se aplică de la 12 decembrie 2019.
Prezentul regulament este obligatoriu în toate elementele sale și se aplică direct în statele membre în conformitate cu tratatele.
ANEXA I
Lista formelor grave de criminalitate care intră în sfera de competență a Eurojust în conformitate cu articolul 3 alineatul (1):
—
terorismul,
—
criminalitatea organizată,
—
traficul de droguri,
—
activități de spălare de bani,
—
criminalitatea legată de substanțe nucleare și radioactive,
—
introducerea ilegală de imigranți,
—
traficul de ființe umane,
—
criminalitatea legată de autovehicule,
—
omorul și vătămarea corporală gravă,
—
traficul ilicit de organe și țesuturi umane,
—
răpirea, lipsirea de libertate în mod ilegal și luarea de ostatici,
—
rasismul și xenofobia,
—
tâlhăria și furtul calificat,
—
traficul ilicit de bunuri culturale, inclusiv antichități și opere de artă,
—
înșelăciunea și frauda,
—
infracțiuni împotriva intereselor financiare ale Uniunii,
—
utilizarea abuzivă a informațiilor privilegiate și manipularea piețelor financiare,
—
activități mafiote („racketeering”) și extorcarea de fonduri,
—
contrafacerea și piratarea produselor,
—
falsul în înscrisuri oficiale și traficul de falsuri în înscrisuri oficiale,
—
falsificarea banilor și a altor mijloace de plată,
—
criminalitatea informatică,
—
corupția,
—
traficul ilicit de arme, muniții și explozivi,
—
traficul ilicit cu specii de animale pe cale de dispariție,
—
traficul ilicit de specii și soiuri de plante pe cale de dispariție,
—
infracțiuni împotriva mediului, inclusiv poluarea cauzată de nave,
—
traficul ilicit de substanțe hormonale și alți factori de creștere,
—
abuzul sexual și exploatarea sexuală, inclusiv materialele care conțin abuzuri sexuale asupra copiilor și ademenirea copiilor în scopuri sexuale,
—
genocid, crime împotriva umanității și crime de război.
ANEXA II
CATEGORIILE DE DATE CU CARACTER PERSONAL MENȚIONATE LA articolul 27
1.
(a)
Numele de familie, numele dinaintea căsătoriei, prenumele și orice pseudonim sau nume de împrumut;
(b)
data și locul nașterii;
(c)
naționalitatea;
(d)
sexul;
(e)
locul de reședință, profesia și locul unde se află persoana respectivă;
(f)
numărul de asigurare socială sau alte numere oficiale utilizate în statele membre pentru a identifica persoanele fizice, permisele de conducere, datele care figurează în actele de identitate și în pașaport, numerele de identificare vamală și fiscală;
(g)
informații referitoare la persoanele juridice, în cazul în care acestea conțin informații despre persoanele fizice identificate sau identificabile care fac obiectul unei cercetări judiciare sau urmăriri penale;
(h)
date privind conturile deținute la bănci sau la alte instituții financiare;
(i)
descrierea și natura presupuselor infracțiuni, data comiterii lor, încadrarea penală și stadiul cercetărilor;
(j)
faptele din care ar rezulta o extindere a cazului la nivel internațional;
(k)
informații legate de suspiciunea de apartenență la o organizație criminală;
(l)
numerele de telefon, adresele de e-mail, datele privind traficul și datele de localizare, precum și orice date conexe necesare pentru identificarea abonatului sau a utilizatorului;
(m)
datele privind înmatricularea autovehiculelor;
▼M1
(n)
profilurile ADN stabilite din partea necodată a ADN, fotografiile și amprentele digitale și, în ceea ce privește crimele și cu infracțiunile conexe menționate la articolul 4 alineatul (1) litera (j), materialele video și înregistrările audio.
▼B
2.
(a)
Numele de familie, numele dinaintea căsătoriei, prenumele și orice pseudonim sau nume de împrumut;
(b)
data și locul nașterii;
(c)
naționalitatea;
(d)
sexul;
(e)
locul de reședință, profesia și locul unde se află persoana respectivă;
▼M1
(f)
descrierea și natura infracțiunilor care privesc persoana în cauză, data și locul comiterii infracțiunilor, încadrarea penală, stadiul cercetărilor și, în ceea ce privește crimele și infracțiunile conexe menționate la articolul 4 alineatul (1) litera (j), informații referitoare la comportamentul infracțional, inclusiv înregistrări audio, materiale video, imagini prin satelit și fotografii;
▼B
(g)
numărul de asigurare socială sau alte numere oficiale utilizate în statele membre pentru a identifica persoanele fizice, permisele de conducere, datele care figurează în actele de identitate și în pașaport, numerele de identificare vamală și fiscală;
(h)
date privind conturile deținute la bănci și la alte instituții financiare;
(i)
numerele de telefon, adresele de e-mail, datele privind traficul și datele de localizare, precum și orice dat conexe necesare pentru identificarea abonatului sau a utilizatorului;
(j)
datele privind înmatricularea autovehiculelor.
▼M2
ANEXA III
(a)
Informații pentru identificarea persoanei suspectate, acuzate, condamnate sau achitate:
În cazul persoanelor fizice:
—
numele (numele de familie);
—
prenumele;
—
orice pseudonime;
—
data nașterii;
—
locul nașterii (localitatea și țara);
—
cetățenia sau cetățeniile;
—
actul de identitate (tipul și numărul documentului);
—
genul;
—
locul de reședință.
În cazul persoanelor juridice:
—
denumirea comercială;
—
forma juridică;
—
locul în care se află sediul social.
În cazul persoanelor fizice și juridice:
—
numerele de telefon;
—
adresele de e-mail;
—
detaliile privind conturile deținute la bănci sau la alte instituții financiare.
(b)
Informații privind infracțiunea de terorism:
—
informații privind persoanele juridice implicate în pregătirea sau comiterea unei infracțiuni de terorism;
—
calificarea juridică a infracțiunii în temeiul dreptului intern;
—
forma aplicabilă a infracțiunii grave din lista menționată în anexa I;
—
orice afiliere la o grupare teroristă;
—
tipul de terorism, cum ar fi jihadist, separatist, de stânga sau de dreapta;
—
rezumat succint al cazului.
(c)
Informații privind procedurile naționale:
—
stadiul procedurilor respective;
—
parchetul responsabil;
—
numărul cazului;
—
data inițierii procedurii judiciare oficiale;
—
legăturile cu alte cazuri conexe.
(d)
Informații suplimentare pentru identificarea persoanei suspectate:
—
datele dactiloscopice care au fost prelevate în conformitate cu dreptul intern în cursul unor proceduri penale;
—
fotografii.
(
) Directiva 2014/41/UE a Parlamentului European și a Consiliului din 3 aprilie 2014 privind ordinul european de anchetă în materie penală (JO L 130, 1.5.2014, p. 1).
(
)
JO L 56, 4.3.1968, p. 1.
(
1
) Directiva (UE) 2017/541 a Parlamentului European și a Consiliului din 15 martie 2017 privind combaterea terorismului și de înlocuire a Deciziei-cadru 2002/475/JAI a Consiliului și de modificare a Deciziei 2005/671/JAI a Consiliului (JO L 88, 31.3.2017, p. 6).
(
2
) Regulamentul (UE) 2022/850 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului din 30 mai 2022 privind un sistem informatizat pentru schimbul electronic transfrontalier de date în domeniul cooperării judiciare în materie civilă și penală (sistemul e-CODEX) și de modificare a Regulamentului (UE) 2018/1726 (JO L 150, 1.6.2022, p. 1).
(
3
) Regulamentul (UE) nr. 182/2011 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului din 16 februarie 2011 de stabilire a normelor și principiilor generale privind mecanismele de control de către statele membre al exercitării competențelor de executare de către Comisie (JO L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13).
(
4
) Decizia 2008/976/JAI a Consiliului din 16 decembrie 2008 privind Rețeaua Judiciară Europeană (JO L 348, 24.12.2008, p. 130).
(
4
) Regulamentul (UE) 2016/1624 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului din 14 septembrie 2016 privind Poliția de frontieră și garda de coastă la nivel european și de modificare a Regulamentului (UE) 2016/399 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului și de abrogare a Regulamentului (CE) nr. 863/2007 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului, a Regulamentului (CE) nr. 2007/2004 al Consiliului și a Deciziei 2005/267/CE a Consiliului (JO L 251, 16.9.2016, p. 1).
(
4
) Regulamentul delegat (UE) nr. 1271/2013 al Comisiei din 30 septembrie 2013 privind regulamentul financiar cadru pentru organismele menționate la articolul 208 din Regulamentul (UE, Euratom) nr. 966/2012 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului (JO L 328, 7.12.2013, p. 42).
(
4
) Regulamentul nr. 1 de stabilire a regimului lingvistic al Comunității Economice Europene (JO 17, 6.10.1958, p. 385).
(
4
) Regulamentul (CE) nr. 2965/94 al Consiliului din 28 noiembrie 1994 de înființare a Centrului de Traduceri pentru Organismele Uniunii Europene (JO L 314, 7.12.1994, p. 1).
(
4
) Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1049/2001 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului din 30 mai 2001 privind accesul public la documentele Parlamentului European, ale Consiliului și ale Comisiei (JO L 145, 31.5.2001, p. 43).
(
4
)
JO L 136, 31.5.1999, p. 15.
(
4
) Regulamentul (Euratom, CE) nr. 2185/96 al Consiliului din 11 noiembrie 1996 privind controalele și inspecțiile la fața locului efectuate de Comisie în scopul protejării intereselor financiare ale Comunităților Europene împotriva fraudei și a altor abateri (JO L 292, 15.11.1996, p. 2).
(
4
) Decizia 2013/488/UE a Consiliului din 23 septembrie 2013 privind normele de securitate pentru protecția informațiilor UE clasificate (JO L 274, 15.10.2013, p. 1).
(
4
) Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1215/2012 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului din 12 decembrie 2012 privind competența judiciară, recunoașterea și executarea hotărârilor în materie civilă și comercială (JO L 351, 20.12.2012, p. 1).
|
github_open_source_100_1_505 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | local kata = {}
kata.opposite = {
["NORTH"] = "SOUTH",
["SOUTH"] = "NORTH",
["WEST"] = "EAST",
["EAST"] = "WEST"
}
function kata.dirReduc(dir)
local reduced = {}
local last = 0
for _,d in ipairs(dir) do
if last > 0 and reduced[last] == kata.opposite[d] then
table.remove(reduced,last)
last = last - 1
else
last = last + 1
reduced[last] = d
end
end
return reduced
end
return kata
|
github_open_source_100_1_506 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using JetBrains.Annotations;
using JetBrains.ReSharper.Feature.Services.CSharp.CodeCompletion.Infrastructure;
using JetBrains.ReSharper.PostfixTemplates.Contexts;
using JetBrains.ReSharper.PostfixTemplates.Contexts.CSharp;
using JetBrains.ReSharper.Psi;
using JetBrains.ReSharper.Psi.CSharp;
namespace JetBrains.ReSharper.PostfixTemplates.CodeCompletion.CSharp
{
[Language(typeof(CSharpLanguage))]
public class CSharpPostfixTemplatesItemProvider : PostfixTemplatesItemProviderBase<CSharpCodeCompletionContext, CSharpPostfixTemplateContext>
{
[NotNull] private readonly CSharpPostfixTemplateContextFactory myPostfixContextFactory;
public CSharpPostfixTemplatesItemProvider(
[NotNull] CSharpPostfixTemplatesManager templatesManager, [NotNull] CSharpPostfixTemplateContextFactory postfixContextFactory) : base(templatesManager)
{
myPostfixContextFactory = postfixContextFactory;
}
protected override PostfixTemplateContext TryCreatePostfixContext(CSharpCodeCompletionContext codeCompletionContext)
{
var completionContext = codeCompletionContext.BasicContext;
var unterminatedContext = codeCompletionContext.UnterminatedContext;
if (unterminatedContext.TreeNode != null)
{
var executionContext = new CodeCompletionPostfixExecutionContext(completionContext, unterminatedContext, "__");
var postfixContext = myPostfixContextFactory.TryCreate(unterminatedContext.TreeNode, executionContext);
if (postfixContext != null) return postfixContext;
}
// try unterminated context if terminated sucks
var terminatedContext = codeCompletionContext.TerminatedContext;
if (terminatedContext.TreeNode != null)
{
var executionContext = new CodeCompletionPostfixExecutionContext(completionContext, terminatedContext, "__;");
var postfixContext = myPostfixContextFactory.TryCreate(terminatedContext.TreeNode, executionContext);
if (postfixContext != null) return postfixContext;
}
return null;
}
}
} |
6038520_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | —In a consolidated action to recover damages for personal injuries and wrongful death, etc., the plaintiffs appeal, as limited by their respective briefs, from so much of a judgment of the Supreme Court, Suffolk County (Cannavo, J.), dated February 17, 1998, as, upon an order of the same court dated January 20, 1998, granting that branch of the motion of the defendant Clare Rose Beverage, Inc., which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaints insofar as asserted against it, dismissed the complaints insofar as asserted against that defendant.
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed, with costs.
On July 31, 1992, between 8:00 p.m. and 11:30 p.m., Edwin J. Fox, Scott Davis, and Patrick King attended a party at which alcohol was served. At about 3:00 a.m. on August 1, 1992, the three men were on a speed boat operated by Davis, who crashed the boat into a rock jetty in Port Jefferson Harbor, killing all three. Post-mortem blood tests showed that Davis’ blood alcohol level at the time of the crash was .21%. The plaintiffs commenced this action against, inter alia, Clare Rose Beverage, Inc. (hereinafter Clare Rose), the company that sold the beer to the hosts of the party, alleging a violation of General .Obligations Law § 11-101 in that Davis was served alcoholic beverages while in a visibly intoxicated state. The Supreme Court granted the motion of Clare Rose, inter alia, for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it, and the plaintiffs appeal.
The Supreme Court correctly granted the motion for summary judgment. General Obligations Law § 11-101 (1) provides, in essence, that an individual who is injured by an intoxicated person “shall have a right of action against any person who shall, by unlawful selling to or unlawfully assisting in procuring liquor for such intoxicated person, have caused or contributed to such intoxication” (see also, Alcoholic Beverage Control Law § 65). It is undisputed that Clare Rose did not directly sell beer to Davis or to any individual at the party. Clare Rose delivered the beer early in the day to the Monarch Club, the *527host of the party, which in turn dispensed it at the party that night. Clare Rose had no opportunity to supervise the dispensing of beer or Davis’ consumption of beer at the party. Thus, there was no unlawful sale of beer by Clare Rose to Davis within the meaning of General Obligations Law § 11-101 (1) (see, D’Amico v Christie, 71 NY2d 76).
Liability may not attach on the theory that Clare Rose unlawfully assisted in the procuring of the beer. The term “procure” is not defined in either the General Obligations Law or the Alcoholic Beverage Control Law and the term is therefore to be given its ordinary and usual meaning, which is “ ‘to get possession of: obtain, acquire * * * to get possession of by particular care or effort’ ” (Slocum v D’s & Jayes Val. Rest. & Cafe, 182 AD2d 981, 982). The term “procure” includes using one’s own money to purchase alcohol for another, contributing money to the purchase of the alcohol, and giving away alcohol to another after purchasing it with one’s own money (see, Slocum v D’s & Jayes Val. Rest. & Cafe, supra, at 982; Dodge v Victory Mkts., 199 AD2d 917; Prunty v Keltie’s Bum Steer, 163 AD2d 595; Campbell v Step/Lind Rest. Corp., 143 AD2d 111; Vandenburg v Brosnan, 129 AD2d 793, affd 70 NY2d 940). As the term “procure” has been applied, it is readily apparent that Clare Rose did not assist in procuring alcohol for Davis. The plaintiff’s reliance on Peterson v Donelson Sales Co. (4 Ill App 3d 792, 281 NE2d 753) and Rust v Reyer (91 NY2d 355) is misplaced, as those cases are distinguishable.
Since the plaintiffs failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to whether Clare Rose engaged in an unlawful sale or an unlawful procurement, the complaint was properly dismissed insofar as asserted against that defendant. S. Miller, J. P., Sullivan, Joy and Altman, JJ., concur.
|
1281217_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | 長野県道188号上槻木矢ヶ崎線（ながのけんどう188ごう かみつきのきやがさきせん）は、長野県茅野市を走る一般県道。
概要
路線データ
起点：茅野市大字泉野字上槻木
終点：茅野市本町（粟沢橋交差点、長野県道192号茅野停車場八子ヶ峰公園線交点）
交差する道路
長野県道17号茅野北杜韮崎線
長野県道196号神ノ原青柳停車場線
長野県道192号茅野停車場八子ヶ峰公園線
関連項目
長野県の県道一覧
188.
|
github_open_source_100_1_507 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace tdb.framework.webapi.standard.Validation.Attributes
{
/// <summary>
/// 错误信息
/// </summary>
public class ErrorInfo
{
/// <summary>
/// 特性类型
/// </summary>
public Type AttrType { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 错误消息
/// </summary>
public string Msg { get; set; }
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_508 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /*
--------------------------------------------------
| Copyright © 2008 Mr-Alan. All rights reserved. |
| Website: www.0x69h.com |
| Mail: [email protected] |
| QQ: 835988221 |
--------------------------------------------------
*/
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace BlackFire.Unity
{
[System.Serializable]
public sealed class Json_EventTopic
{
public string topic;
public string sender;
public List<Json_Var> args;
}
}
|
633375_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | ダイヤモンドパール
ポケットモンスター ダイヤモンド・パール - 2006年のゲーム。
ポケットモンスター ダイヤモンド&パール - 2006年のアニメ作品。
ダイアモンド・アンド・パールズ - 1991年に発売されたプリンスの13枚目のアルバムのタイトル。同タイトルの曲が収録されている。
同名の作品.
|
US-202017015085-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Image sensing circuit and method
ABSTRACT
An image sensing circuit includes a plurality of readout circuits and a pre-charge control circuit. Each of the readout circuits is coupled to a sensing line among a plurality of sensing lines and configured to receive a sensing voltage among a plurality of sensing voltages through the corresponding sensing line, wherein at least one of the readout circuits is further configured to receive at least one first pre-scan voltage through the corresponding sensing line prior to reception of the sensing voltage. The pre-charge control circuit, coupled to the readout circuits, is configured to perform a plurality of steps. The steps include receiving the at least one first pre-scan voltage from the at least one readout circuit; calculating a first pre-charge voltage according to the at least one first pre-scan voltage; and pre-charging the sensing lines to the first pre-charge voltage before the readout circuits receive the sensing voltages.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/909,161, filed on Oct. 1, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image sensing circuit and method, and more particularly, to an image sensing circuit and method for fingerprint sensing.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Fingerprint sensing technology is widely applied in a variety of electronic products such as a mobile phone, laptop, tablet, personal digital assistant (PDA), and portable electronics, for realizing identity recognition. The fingerprint sensing allows a user to perform identity recognition conveniently, where the user only needs to put his/her finger on a fingerprint sensing pad or area to login the electronic device instead of entering long and tedious username and password.
A fingerprint, touch and display integration (FTDI) circuit is usually applied to deal with the fingerprint sensing function for a display panel. With an optical fingerprint sensing scheme, the panel may deliver light during the fingerprint sensing operation. When a finger touch on the panel is detected, the light may be reflected from the touch finger, and thus the reflected light including the information of peak and valley of the fingerprint may be received by photodiodes disposed on the panel, to generate voltage signals carrying the fingerprint information. The fingerprint sensor then sends the voltage signals to the FTDI circuit. Subsequently, the FTDI circuit may process the voltage signals of fingerprint sensing by amplifying the signals and converting the signals into digital data. The digital image data may be forwarded to a host, and the host may include an algorithm for recognizing the fingerprint image based on the received image data, so as to complete the fingerprint recognition process. With the in-display fingerprint sensing scheme, the fingerprint sensor including the photodiodes may be spread over the entire screen, allowing the fingerprint image to be sensed on any place of the screen.
Since the fingerprint sensor is disposed on the panel, it should be implemented with the thin-film transistor (TFT) process. In general, the performance of the TFT process is much worse than the performance of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process commonly used in an integrated circuit (IC). In addition, under the trends of large-scale panel, the parasitic capacitance on the sensing line for transmitting the voltage signals becomes larger and larger, which requires a longer settling time for driving the sensing line to its target voltage. The increasing settling time degrades the user experience for fingerprint sensing. Thus, there is a need for improvement over the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide a novel image sensing circuit and a related image sensing method, in order to solve the abovementioned problems.
An embodiment of the present invention discloses an image sensing circuit, which comprises a plurality of readout circuits and a pre-charge control circuit. Each of the plurality of readout circuits is coupled to a sensing line among a plurality of sensing lines and configured to receive a sensing voltage among a plurality of sensing voltages through the corresponding sensing line, wherein at least one of the plurality of readout circuits is further configured to receive at least one first pre-scan voltage through the corresponding sensing line prior to reception of the sensing voltage. The pre-charge control circuit, coupled to the plurality of readout circuits, is configured to perform a plurality of steps. The steps include receiving the at least one first pre-scan voltage from the at least one readout circuit; calculating a first pre-charge voltage according to the at least one first pre-scan voltage; and pre-charging the plurality of sensing lines to the first pre-charge voltage before the plurality of readout circuits receive the plurality of sensing voltages.
Another embodiment of the present invention discloses an image sensing method for an image sensing circuit. The image sensing circuit has a plurality of readout circuits, each of which coupled to a sensing line among a plurality of sensing lines. The image sensing method comprises a plurality of steps. The steps include receiving, by at least one of the plurality of readout circuits, at least one first pre-scan voltage through a corresponding sensing line among the plurality of sensing lines; calculating a first pre-charge voltage according to the at least one first pre-scan voltage; pre-charging the plurality of sensing lines to the first pre-charge voltage; and receiving, by the plurality of readout circuits, a plurality of sensing voltages after the plurality of sensing lines are pre-charged.
Another embodiment of the present invention discloses an image sensing circuit, which is coupled to a panel through a plurality of sensing lines. The panel has a plurality of sensing pixels. The image sensing circuit comprises an image processing circuit, a readout circuit and an analog front-end (AFE) circuit. The image processing circuit is configured to control a reset switch of a first sensing pixel among the plurality of sensing pixels to be turned on in a reset period and turned off in a sensing period. The readout circuit is configured to receive a sensing voltage from the first sensing pixel through a corresponding sensing line among the plurality of sensing lines in the sensing period, and receive a reset voltage from the first sensing pixel through the corresponding sensing line in the reset period. The AFE circuit is configured to generate an image sensing signal of the first sensing pixel according to the sensing voltage and the reset voltage.
These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of an image sensing system.
FIG. 4 illustrates possible sensing voltages corresponding to different fingers between the maximum and minimum sensing voltages.
FIG. 5 illustrates a simulation result showing the time required for the sensing voltage to be converged to its target voltage.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an image sensing process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of another image sensing process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 illustrates waveforms associated with operations of the image sensing circuit shown in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 illustrates waveforms associated with operations of the image sensing circuit shown in FIG. 12.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the image sensing system 10 includes a panel 102 and an image sensing circuit 104. The panel 102 may be any type of display panel such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel, or the like. The panel 102 may include a fingerprint sensor array having a great number of sensing pixels spread over the entire screen, to realize in-display fingerprint sensing on any place of the screen. The fingerprint sensor is usually implemented with a thin-film transistor (TFT) process on the substrate of the panel 102. The image sensing circuit 104 may be a fingerprint, touch and display integration (FTDI) circuit, which may be an integrated circuit (IC) implemented in a chip. The FTDI circuit may control the fingerprint sensing operation to receive the fingerprint sensing image from the panel 102, and also control the display operation of the panel 102. The image sensing circuit 104 may be disposed on a substrate such as a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), to be connected to the TFT sensor array of the panel 102 through wire connections on the circuit board.
As shown in FIG. 1, during the fingerprint sensing operation, when a finger touch is detected on a specific area of the panel 102, the panel 102 may deliver light at the specific area. The light reflected from the touch finger may be sensed by the photodiodes in the TFT sensor to generate sensing voltage signals, which are further received by the image sensing circuit 104 via the sensing lines. In an embodiment, the image sensing circuit 104 includes an analog front-end (AFE) circuit 112 for receiving voltage signals from the panel 102 and performing amplification on the voltage signals. The image sensing circuit 104 may also include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 114, for converting the voltage signals into digital data, to be processed and recognized by a host or core processor at the back end.
Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system 20. As shown in FIG. 2, the image sensing system 20 includes a panel 202 and an image sensing circuit 204. The panel 202 may include a plurality of sensing pixels arranged as an array. Each column of sensing pixels are commonly coupled to a sensing line, and each sensing line is coupled to an input/output (I/O) pin, to be further coupled to the image sensing circuit 204. More specifically, there are X columns and Y rows of sensing pixels on the panel 202, where X and Y are positive integers. As shown in FIG. 2, each sensing pixel includes a transistor (implemented as a source follower) and a switch, and a photodiode for performing optical sensing may further be included in each sensing pixel but omitted in FIG. 2 for brevity. In detail, the first column of sensing pixels P11-P1Y are commonly coupled to the sensing line SL1, and the X-th column of sensing pixels PX1-PXY are commonly coupled to the sensing line SLX. The switches in the sensing pixels are turned on in sequence through switching signals S1-SY, to scan the sensing pixels row by row to output the image sensing voltages to the image sensing circuit 204.
The image sensing circuit 204 may include a plurality of readout circuits R1-RX, each of which coupled to a sensing line SL1-SLX, respectively, with one-to-one mapping. Each readout circuit R1-RX includes a storage capacitor Cs, a sampling switch Ssam and a current source Is. The readout circuits R1-RX are configured to receive image sensing voltages through the corresponding sensing lines. For example, if the image sensing voltages of the n-th row of sensing pixels need to be read out, the switches at the n-th row of sensing pixels will be turned on, and the image sensing voltages are forwarded to the sensing lines SL1-SLX to be served as the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX, respectively. The readout circuits Rl-RX can thereby sample the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX. In detail, the sampling switch Ssam may be turned on to forward the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX, so that the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX may be stored in the storage capacitor Cs and then forwarded to follow-up circuits such as the AFE circuit and ADC. By scanning the sensing pixels row by row, the readout circuits Rl-RX may obtain the sensing voltages of the entire image frame after the scanning of all sensing pixels is completed. Alternatively, as for fingerprint image sensing, if the image sensing circuit 204 is able to obtain the position information of the touch finger, it may obtain an image frame by only scanning partial rows and/or partial columns of sensing pixels based on the position information.
During the image readout process, the sensing voltage Vsout1-VsoutX on each sensing line SL1-SLX may rise or fall following the voltage signals received from each row of sensing pixels, respectively. Therefore, the parasitic capacitors Cpar on each sensing line SL1-SLX should be charged or discharged during each voltage readout cycle, causing that the variations of the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX should follow an exponential function as described below:
${{Vsout} = {\Delta \; V \times \left( {1 - e^{- \frac{t}{\tau}}} \right)}};$
wherein Vsout may be any of the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX, ΔV represents the difference of two consecutive voltages on the sensing line (i.e., the image sensing voltages of two adjacent sensing pixels to be outputted through the same sensing line), t refers to the time, and τ refers to the time constant determined according to the parasitic capacitance and resistance of the sensing line.
As mentioned above, the circuit elements of the sensing pixels are implemented with the TFT process having worse performance, and thus the driving capability of the source follower in the sensing pixels may be weaker. In such a situation, it may require a longer time to ensure that the sensing voltage Vsout may converge to its target value. Otherwise, the sampled sensing voltage Vsout may be dependent to its previous value, resulting in an error on the output sensing voltage. Since the fingerprint sensing pixels are spread over the entire panel, the sensing lines may be quite long and the parasitic capacitors Cpar may have a non-negligible capacitance value; hence, there may not be sufficient time to settle the sensing voltage Vsout in each voltage readout cycle. A pre-charge scheme may be applied to improve the settling time of the sensing voltage Vsout, as described below.
Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system 30. As shown in FIG. 3, the image sensing system 30 includes a panel 302 and an image sensing circuit 304. The circuit structure of the panel 302 is identical to the circuit structure of the panel 202, so signals and elements having similar functions are denoted by the same symbols. The circuit structure of the image sensing circuit 304 is also identical to the circuit structure of the image sensing circuit 204, except that the image sensing circuit 304 further includes a plurality of pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX. Each of the pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX is coupled to one of the readout circuits R1-RX, respectively. The pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX allow the sensing lines SL1-SLX to be pre-charged to a specific pre-charge voltage Vpre before the sensing lines SL1-SLX receive the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX. The pre-charge voltage Vpre may be, for example, a medium voltage between the maximum and minimum possible voltages operable by the back-end circuitry such as the AFE circuit and ADC. In such a situation, the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX received by the readout circuits R1-RX may be independent from their previous sensing voltages, and the maximum possible settling voltage in each voltage readout cycle may be reduced by half.
However, due to the trend of increasing size of panels, the parasitic capacitance and resistance on the sensing lines may become larger and larger, and the settling time of the sensing voltages may still be insufficient. Meanwhile, the variations of the time constants on different sensing lines and the variations of characteristics of the source followers in the sensing pixels may also become larger due to process mismatch, such that the charging speed of the sensing voltages on different sensing lines may be different, resulting in an error on the sensing voltages obtained by the readout circuits R1-RX if the sensing voltages are sampled before being converged to their target values. As mentioned above, the circuit elements of the sensing pixels on the panel 302 are implemented with the TFT process, which may usually have a larger process mismatch or deviation up to 20%.
The present invention provides a novel image sensing circuit and readout circuits capable of pre-charging the sensing lines to an appropriate pre-charge voltage such as an average voltage of the image sensing voltages, in order to significantly reduce the settling time of the sensing voltages and thereby improve the error problem caused by large parasitic capacitance, insufficient settling time and/or process mismatch.
In general, the image sensing circuit of the present invention is capable of receiving and processing a wide range of sensing voltages, which correspond to a large variety of brightness levels. FIG. 4 illustrates possible sensing voltages corresponding to different fingers between the maximum and minimum sensing voltages (the brightest and the darkest levels) received and processed by the image sensing circuit. As shown in FIG. 4, although the voltages receivable by the image sensing circuit have a wide range, the actually received sensing voltages of a touch finger may be within a small range corresponding to the peak-to-valley variation of the fingerprint. If the average voltage of the fingerprint sensing voltages corresponding to a touch finger is obtained in advance and the sensing lines are pre-charged to this average voltage, the pre-charge voltage may be close to any of the sensing voltages forwarded through the sensing lines; hence, the settling time of the sensing voltages may be significantly reduced.
For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the 1^(st) fingerprint image may correspond to a higher brightness in average, and thus the sensing lines are pre-charged to a higher voltage before the sensing voltages corresponding to the 1^(st) fingerprint image are received by the image sensing circuit. The 2^(nd) fingerprint image may correspond to a medium brightness in average, and thus the sensing lines are pre-charged to a medium voltage before the sensing voltages corresponding to the 2^(nd) fingerprint image are received by the image sensing circuit. The 3^(rd) fingerprint image may correspond to a lower brightness in average, and thus the sensing lines are pre-charged to a lower voltage before the sensing voltages corresponding to the 3^(rd) fingerprint image are received by the image sensing circuit. The difference of brightness between different fingerprint images may be resulted from various causes such as environmental luminance, finger's color and temperature. Regardless of how and why the brightness is different, the image sensing circuit only needs to acquire the average voltage of the fingerprint sensing voltages or any other voltage representing the values of the fingerprint sensing voltages, and then pre-charge the sensing lines to the desired voltage. Note that as for different fingerprint images sensed on the panel, the obtained pre-charge voltage for the image sensing voltages may be different. As for the fingerprint images received from the same finger at different times, it is also possible that the obtained pre-charge voltages may be different.
FIG. 5 illustrates a simulation result showing the time required for the sensing voltage to be converged to its target voltage, where the pre-charge voltage is configured to 2.5 V, and the sensing voltages outputted from the panel range from 2.2 V to 2.8 V. More specifically, FIG. 5 shows the settling time allowing the sensing voltage to be converged to within 1 mV apart from its target voltage. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the settling time may be shortened if the average voltage of fingerprint is acquired in advance and the sensing lines are pre-charged to the average voltage.
Please refer to FIG. 6, which is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system 60 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the image sensing system 60 includes a panel 602 and an image sensing circuit 604. The circuit structure of the panel 602 is identical to the circuit structure of the panel 302, so signals and elements having similar functions are denoted by the same symbols. The circuit structure of the image sensing circuit 604 is also identical to the circuit structure of the image sensing circuit 304 and thus the same symbols are applied, except that the image sensing circuit 604 further includes a pre-charge control circuit 610. The pre-charge control circuit 610 may calculate the pre-charge voltage Vpre based on the received sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX. In an exemplary embodiment, the pre-charge control circuit 610 may average the received sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX to obtain the pre-charge voltage Vpre. Subsequently, the pre-charge control circuit 610 may output the pre-charge voltage Vpre to pre-charge the sensing lines SL1-SLX before the readout circuits R1-RX receive the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from the sensing lines SL1-SLX.
As shown in FIG. 6, the image sensing circuit 604 may further include a plurality of output switches Sout1-SoutX, where each of the output switches Sout1-SoutX is coupled between the pre-charge control circuit 610 and a readout circuit among the readout circuits R1-RX. Through the control of the output switches Sout1-SoutX, the pre-charge control circuit 610 may selectively receive voltages from at least one of the readout circuits R1-RX. In addition, in the image sensing circuit 604, the pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX may further be coupled to the pre-charge control circuit 610, so that the pre-charge voltage Vpre calculated and determined by the pre-charge control circuit 610 may be forwarded to the sensing lines SL1-SLX through the pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX, respectively.
Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a flowchart of an image sensing process 70 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The image sensing process 70 maybe realized in a fingerprint image sensing circuit such as the image sensing circuit 604 shown in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 7, the image sensing process 70 includes the following steps:
Step 700: Start.
Step 702: Receive position information of the touch finger.
Step 704: Turn on at least one of the readout circuits R1-RX to receive at least one pre-scan voltage through the corresponding sensing line among the sensing lines SL1-SLX according to the position information.
Step 706: Calculate the pre-charge voltage Vpre according to the at least one pre-scan voltage.
Step 708: Output the pre-charge voltage Vpre through the plurality of pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX, to pre-charge the sensing lines SL1-SLX to the pre-charge voltage Vpre.
Step 710: The readout circuits R1-RX receive sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from a row of sensing pixels after the sensing lines SL1-SLX are pre-charged.
Step 712: Determine whether the entire image is completely read out. If yes, go to Step 714; otherwise, go to Step 708.
Step 714: End.
In the image sensing process 70, the steps may be generally classified into a pre-scan process and a normal readout process. A fingerprint sensing operation for a panel touched by a finger is taken as an example. During the pre-scan process, the image sensing circuit 604 first receives the position information of the touch finger (Step 702). The position information may indicate a coordinate point or a specific area representative of the finger's position. In an embodiment, the specific area representative of the finger's position may be an area covered by the center region of the finger.
Subsequently, at least one of the readout circuits R1-RX in the image sensing circuit 604 may be turned on, to receive at least one pre-scan voltage through the corresponding sensing line SL1-SLX according to the position information of the touch finger (Step 704). More specifically, after the finger's position information is obtained, the image sensing circuit 604 may determine the specific area representative of the finger's position, and thereby determine that at least one of the readout circuits R1-RX is coupled to the sensing pixel(s) in the specific area. Therefore, the at least one readout circuit may be configured to receive the pre-scan voltage(s) from the sensing pixel(s) in the specific area, and then forward the pre-scan voltage(s) to the pre-charge control circuit 610.
Please note that the position information of the touch finger may be received from a touch module or touch sensing circuit for the panel 602. In an embodiment, the information may indicate the center region of the finger; hence, the pre-scan voltage(s) may be received from the sensing pixels covered by the center region of the finger. In general, the average voltage of fingerprint sensing voltages sensed by the sensing pixels under the center region of the finger may be approximately equal to the average value of fingerprint sensing voltages sensed by the sensing pixels under the entire finger. In order to accelerate the acquisition of the average voltage, it is preferable to receive the pre-scan voltages only from the area representative of the finger, e.g., the center region of the finger. In such a situation, the output switches Sout1-SoutX may be controlled to selectively forward the pre-scan voltage(s) to the pre-charge control circuit 610.
In addition, in order to obtain an accurate average voltage during the pre-scan process, the pre-scan operation is provided with sufficient settling time for the readout circuits R1-RX to receive the pre-scan voltages. This settling time may be longer than the settling time for the readout circuits R1-RX to receive the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX in the normal readout operation. As for the pre-scan operation, the settling time may be extended to ensure that the pre-scan voltages on the sensing lines are converged to the accurate values before being sampled by the readout circuits. With the accurate pre-scan voltages, the calculated average voltage may also be accurate.
Therefore, by averaging the received pre-scan voltage(s), the pre-charge control circuit 610 may calculate and obtain the pre-charge voltage Vpre (Step 706); that is, the pre-charge voltage Vpre may be equal to the average of the pre-scan voltage(s). Subsequently, the image sensing process 70 enters the normal readout process. The pre-charge control circuit 610 may output the pre-charge voltage Vpre through the pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX, to charge the sensing lines SL1-SLX to the pre-charge voltage Vpre (Step 708).
After the sensing lines SL1-SLX are charged to the pre-charge voltage Vpre, the readout circuits R1-RX may receive the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from a row of sensing pixels through the sensing lines SL1-SLX in a voltage readout cycle (Step 710). The image sensing circuit 604 then determines whether the entire image is completely read out (Step 712). If there is still a row of sensing pixels needing to be scanned, the process will return to Step 708 to perform the pre-charge operation again and then read out the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from the next row of sensing pixels. The image sensing circuit 604 may scan row by row, until the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX of an entire image are completely read out. The image sensing process 70 may be completed if all rows of sensing pixels are scanned. Alternatively, the image sensing process 70 may be completed if several rows of sensing pixels corresponding to the position covered by the finger are scanned. This is because the back-end fingerprint recognition circuit may only concern the sensing signals corresponding to the fingerprint image, and thus it is preferable to read out the sensing signals from the sensing pixels under the coverage of the finger only.
Please note that the operations of pre-charging the sensing lines SL 1 -SLX through the pre-charge control circuit 610 can significantly reduce the settling time of the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX received from the sensing lines SL1-SLX. Since the pre-charge control circuit 610 included in the image sensing circuit 604 may be implemented with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, the pre-charge control circuit 610 may provide higher driving capability for charging the parasitic capacitors Cpar on the sensing lines SL1-SLX. As a result, the sensing lines SL1-SLX may be rapidly charged to the pre-determined pre-charge voltage Vpre, and then rapidly charged or discharged to the fingerprint sensing voltages if the pre-charge voltage Vpre is equal or close to the average voltage of the fingerprint sensing voltages.
Please refer to FIG. 8, which is a flowchart of another image sensing process 80 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The image sensing process 80 may be realized in a fingerprint image sensing circuit such as the image sensing circuit 604 shown in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 8, the image sensing process 80 includes the following steps:
Step 800: Start.
Step 802: Read out sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX of a fingerprint image with a first pre-charge voltage.
Step 804: Determine whether the quality of the fingerprint image is satisfactory. If yes, go to Step 814; otherwise, go to Step 806.
Step 806: Calculate a second pre-charge voltage according to the received sensing voltages.
Step 808: Output the second pre-charge voltage through the plurality of pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX, to pre-charge the sensing lines SL1-SLX to the second pre-charge voltage.
Step 810: The readout circuits R1-RX receive sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from a row of sensing pixels after the sensing lines SL1-SLX are pre-charged.
Step 812: Determine whether the entire image is completely read out. If yes, go to Step 814; otherwise, go to Step 808.
Step 814: End.
In the image sensing process 80, the steps may be generally classified into a first readout process and a second readout process. During the first readout process, the image sensing circuit 604 is configured to read out sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX of a frame of fingerprint image based on a first pre-charge voltage (Step 802). That is, each sensing line may be pre-charged to the first pre-charge voltage before the readout operation in each voltage readout cycle. The first pre-charge voltage maybe obtained by averaging the pre-scan voltage(s) in the pre-scan process as described above. Alternatively, the first pre-charge voltage may be a default pre-charge voltage or a pre-charge voltage determined in another manner.
After the sensing voltages Vsoutl-VsoutX of the fingerprint image are read out, the image sensing circuit 604 may determine whether the quality of the fingerprint image is satisfactory (Step 804). For example, the image sensing circuit 604 may determine whether the fingerprint image is recognizable, or may receive an indication from the host indicating whether the fingerprint image is recognizable. The image sensing process 80 ends if the quality of the fingerprint image is determined to be satisfactory. If the quality of the fingerprint image is not satisfactory, the second readout process may be required.
Subsequently, the pre-charge control circuit 610 may calculate a second pre-charge voltage according to the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX received in the first readout process (Step 806). Similarly, the second pre-charge voltage may also be calculated through averaging, where the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX received in the first readout process maybe regarded as the pre-scan voltages for the average operations of the second readout process. The pre-charge control circuit 610 then outputs the second pre-charge voltage through the plurality of pre-charge switches Spre1-SpreX, to pre-charge the sensing lines SL1-SLX to the second pre-charge voltage (Step 808). Subsequently, the readout circuits R1-RX may receive the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from a row of sensing pixels through the sensing lines SL1-SLX in a voltage readout cycle (Step 810), and the image sensing circuit 604 then determines whether the entire image is completely read out (Step 812). The detailed operations of these steps are similar to Steps 708, 710 and 712 of the image sensing process 70 as described above, and will not be repeated herein.
In an embodiment, the image sensing process 80 may be performed following the image sensing process 70; that is, if the fingerprint image obtained through the image sensing process 70 is not satisfactory, the second readout process in the image sensing process 80 may further be performed to obtain a more accurate fingerprint image. Alternatively or additionally, the image sensing process 80 may be performed repeatedly; that is, if the fingerprint image obtained through the second readout process is still unsatisfactory, the process may further go on to the third readout process, the fourth readout process, etc., until the obtained fingerprint image becomes satisfactory and/or recognizable.
Please note that the embodiments of the present invention aim at providing an image sensing circuit and method capable of improving the settling time for reading out image sensing voltages. Those skilled in the art may make modifications and alternations accordingly. For example, in the above embodiments, the image sensing circuit 604 and the readout circuits R1-RX therein are configured to receive fingerprint sensing signals from a panel having an active pixel sensor (APS) structure. In another embodiment, the readout circuits in the image sensing circuit may be applicable to a passive pixel sensor (PPS) panel structure.
Please refer to FIG. 9, which is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system 90 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the image sensing system 90 includes a panel 902 and an image sensing circuit 904. The circuit structures of the panel 902 and the image sensing circuit 904 are similar to the circuit structures of the panel 602 and the image sensing circuit 604, respectively, so signals and elements having similar functions are denoted by the same symbols. The difference between the panel 902 and the panel 602 is that, the sensing pixels P11-PXY in the panel 902 have the PPS structure instead of the APS structure. In such a situation, each sensing pixel has a capacitor, a photodiode and a switch without the usage of source follower. Correspondingly, each of the readout circuits R1-RX of the image sensing circuit 904 includes an operational amplifier OPA capable of reading out fingerprint sensing voltages from the sensing pixels of the PPS.
In detail, in each of the readout circuits R1-RX, the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is coupled to the pre-charge control circuit 610, for receiving the pre-charge voltage Vpre from the pre-charge control circuit 610. The negative input terminal of the operational amplifier OPA is coupled to the corresponding sensing line SL1-SLX. The virtual short-circuit between input terminals of the operational amplifier OPA makes the sensing lines SL1-SLX charged to the pre-charge voltage Vpre before the readout circuits R1-RX receive the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from the sensing lines SL1-SLX. The operations of the image sensing processes 70 and 80 described above are also applicable to the image sensing circuit 904 for the PPS panel.
In an embodiment, the AFE circuit has a differential input structure, which is configured to receive a sensing voltage and a reset voltage from each channel, where the actual output signal may be determined based on the difference between the reset voltage and the sensing voltage. Therefore, the image sensing circuit is requested to receive the sensing voltage based on the exposure result in the sensing pixels of the panel and also receive the reset voltage without exposure. In such a situation, the image sensing circuit may be configured with two pre-charge voltages, which are used to pre-charge the sensing lines for reception of the sensing voltage and the reset voltage, respectively.
Please refer to FIG. 10, which is a schematic diagram of an image sensing system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10, the image sensing system 100 includes a panel 1002 and an image sensing circuit 1004. The circuit structures of the panel 1002 and the image sensing circuit 1004 are similar to the circuit structures of the panel 602 and the image sensing circuit 604, respectively, so signals and elements having similar functions are denoted by the same symbols. The difference between the image sensing circuit 1004 and the image sensing circuit 604 is that, in the image sensing circuit 1004, each readout circuit R1-RX is coupled to two pre-charge switches. For example, the readout circuit R1 is coupled to pre-charge switches Spre1A and Spre1B, for receiving a first pre-charge voltage Vpre1 and a second pre-charge voltage Vpre2 through the pre-charge switches Spre1A and Spre1B, respectively. The readout circuit RX is coupled to pre-charge switches SpreXA and SpreXB, for receiving the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1 and the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2 through the pre-charge switches SpreXA and SpreXB, respectively. Correspondingly, the pre-charge control circuit 610 is configured to generate and output the two pre-charge voltages Vpre1 and Vpre2. Alternatively, there may be two pre-charge control circuits included in the image sensing circuit 1004, where one of the pre-charge control circuits is configured to generate the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1 and the other is configured to generate the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2.
In this embodiment, the image sensing system 100 may operate in a reset mode and then enter a sensing mode. In the reset mode, the image sensing circuit 1004 may receive reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX from the panel 1002, e.g., through the sensing lines SL1-SLX. Before the reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX are received, the image sensing circuit 1004 may receive pre-scan voltage(s) through at least one of the readout circuits R1-RX. The pre-scan voltage(s) is/are corresponding to the reset operation and may be obtained from the sensing pixels without performing exposure and received through at least one of the sensing lines SL1-SLX. The pre-charge control circuit 610 then calculates the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1 for the reset operation based on the received pre-scan voltage(s), e.g., averages the received pre-scan voltage(s) to generate the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1. Therefore, the pre-charge control circuit 610 may output the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1 through the pre-charge switches Spre1A-SpreXA, to charge the sensing lines SL1-SLX to the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1 before the image sensing circuit 1004 receives the reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX from the panel 1002.
Subsequently, in the sensing mode following the reset mode, the image sensing circuit 1004 may receive the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from the panel 1002, e.g., through the sensing lines SL1-SLX. Before the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX are received, the image sensing circuit 1004 may receive pre-scan voltage(s) through at least one of the readout circuits R1-RX. The pre-scan voltage(s) is/are corresponding to the sensing operation and may be obtained from the sensing pixels performing exposure for image sensing and received through at least one of the sensing lines SL1-SLX. The pre-charge control circuit 610 then calculates the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2 for the sensing operation based on the received pre-scan voltage(s), e.g., averages the received pre-scan voltage(s) to generate the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2. Therefore, the pre-charge control circuit 610 may output the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2 through the pre-charge switches Spre1B-SpreXB, to charge the sensing lines SL1-SLX to the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2 before the image sensing circuit 1004 receives the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX from the panel 1002.
Therefore, the pre-scan process of the image sensing process 70 may be applicable to the reset mode, allowing the sensing lines SL1-SLX to be pre-charged to the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1 before reception of the reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX, in order to reduce the settling time of the reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX and accelerate the readout speed for the reset voltages Vrstl-VrstX during the normal readout process. The pre-scan process of the image sensing process 70 may also be applicable to the sensing mode, allowing the sensing lines SL1-SLX to be pre-charged to the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2 before reception of the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX, in order to reduce the settling time of the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX and accelerate the readout speed for the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX during the normal readout process. Similarly, the first and second readout processes of the image sensing process 80 are applicable to reception of both the reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX and the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX. The detailed implementations and operations may be understood by those skilled in the art based on the above descriptions, and will not be narrated herein.
FIG. 11 illustrates the waveforms associated with operations of the image sensing circuit 1004, where the operations include a reset operation in the reset mode and a sensing operation in the sensing mode. More specifically, FIG. 11 illustrates the voltage received from the panel 1002 (which may be any of the voltages on the sensing lines SL1-SLX), and the operations of the pre-charge switches Spre1A-SpreXA and Spre1B-SpreXB and the sampling switch Ssam. In the reset mode, the pre-charge switches SprelA-SpreXA are turned on, and the sensing lines SL1-SLX are pre-charged to the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1. The image sensing circuit 1004 then receives the reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX (which may usually be close to the first pre-charge voltage Vpre1) by sampling the reset voltages Vrst1-VrstX through the sampling switch Ssam. Subsequently, in the sensing mode, the pre-charge switches Spre1B-SpreXB are turned on, and the sensing liens SL1-SLX are pre-charged to the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2. The image sensing circuit 1004 then receives the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX (which may usually be close to the second pre-charge voltage Vpre2) by sampling the sensing voltages Vsout1-VsoutX through the sampling switch Ssam.
|
github_open_source_100_1_509 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /**
* This file contains info about available Certbot DNS plugins.
* This only works for plugins which use the standard argument structure, so:
* --authenticator <plugin-name> --<plugin-name>-credentials <FILE> --<plugin-name>-propagation-seconds <number>
*
* File Structure:
*
* {
* cloudflare: {
* display_name: "Name displayed to the user",
* package_name: "Package name in PyPi repo",
* package_version: "Package version in PyPi repo",
* dependencies: "Additional dependencies, space separated (as you would pass it to pip install)",
* credentials: `Template of the credentials file`,
* full_plugin_name: "The full plugin name as used in the commandline with certbot, including prefixes, e.g. 'certbot-dns-njalla:dns-njalla'",
* },
* ...
* }
*
*/
module.exports = {
cloudflare: {
display_name: 'Cloudflare',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-cloudflare',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: 'cloudflare',
credentials: `# Cloudflare API token
dns_cloudflare_api_token = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-cloudflare',
},
//####################################################//
cloudxns: {
display_name: 'CloudXNS',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-cloudxns',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `dns_cloudxns_api_key = 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
dns_cloudxns_secret_key = 1122334455667788`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-cloudxns',
},
//####################################################//
corenetworks: {
display_name: 'Core Networks',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-corenetworks',
package_version: '0.1.4',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `certbot_dns_corenetworks:dns_corenetworks_username = asaHB12r
certbot_dns_corenetworks:dns_corenetworks_password = secure_password`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-corenetworks:dns-corenetworks',
},
//####################################################//
cpanel: {
display_name: 'cPanel',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-cpanel',
package_version: '0.2.2',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `certbot_dns_cpanel:cpanel_url = https://cpanel.example.com:2083
certbot_dns_cpanel:cpanel_username = user
certbot_dns_cpanel:cpanel_password = hunter2`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-cpanel:cpanel',
},
//####################################################//
digitalocean: {
display_name: 'DigitalOcean',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-digitalocean',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: 'dns_digitalocean_token = 0000111122223333444455556666777788889999aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffff',
full_plugin_name: 'dns-digitalocean',
},
//####################################################//
directadmin: {
display_name: 'DirectAdmin',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-directadmin',
package_version: '0.0.20',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `directadmin_url = https://my.directadminserver.com:2222
directadmin_username = username
directadmin_password = aSuperStrongPassword`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-directadmin:directadmin',
},
//####################################################//
dnsimple: {
display_name: 'DNSimple',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-dnsimple',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: 'dns_dnsimple_token = MDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAw',
full_plugin_name: 'dns-dnsimple',
},
//####################################################//
dnsmadeeasy: {
display_name: 'DNS Made Easy',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-dnsmadeeasy',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `dns_dnsmadeeasy_api_key = 1c1a3c91-4770-4ce7-96f4-54c0eb0e457a
dns_dnsmadeeasy_secret_key = c9b5625f-9834-4ff8-baba-4ed5f32cae55`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-dnsmadeeasy',
},
//####################################################//
dnspod: {
display_name: 'DNSPod',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-dnspod',
package_version: '0.1.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `certbot_dns_dnspod:dns_dnspod_email = "DNSPOD-API-REQUIRES-A-VALID-EMAIL"
certbot_dns_dnspod:dns_dnspod_api_token = "DNSPOD-API-TOKEN"`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-dnspod:dns-dnspod',
},
//####################################################//
gandi: {
display_name: 'Gandi Live DNS',
package_name: 'certbot_plugin_gandi',
package_version: '1.2.5',
dependencies: '',
credentials: 'certbot_plugin_gandi:dns_api_key = APIKEY',
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-plugin-gandi:dns',
},
//####################################################//
google: {
display_name: 'Google',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-google',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `{
"type": "service_account",
...
}`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-google',
},
//####################################################//
hetzner: {
display_name: 'Hetzner',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-hetzner',
package_version: '1.0.4',
dependencies: '',
credentials: 'certbot_dns_hetzner:dns_hetzner_api_token = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef',
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-hetzner:dns-hetzner',
},
//####################################################//
inwx: {
display_name: 'INWX',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-inwx',
package_version: '2.1.2',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `certbot_dns_inwx:dns_inwx_url = https://api.domrobot.com/xmlrpc/
certbot_dns_inwx:dns_inwx_username = your_username
certbot_dns_inwx:dns_inwx_password = your_password
certbot_dns_inwx:dns_inwx_shared_secret = your_shared_secret optional`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-inwx:dns-inwx',
},
//####################################################//
ispconfig: {
display_name: 'ISPConfig',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-ispconfig',
package_version: '0.2.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `certbot_dns_ispconfig:dns_ispconfig_username = myremoteuser
certbot_dns_ispconfig:dns_ispconfig_password = verysecureremoteuserpassword
certbot_dns_ispconfig:dns_ispconfig_endpoint = https://localhost:8080`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-ispconfig:dns-ispconfig',
},
//####################################################//
isset: {
display_name: 'Isset',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-isset',
package_version: '0.0.3',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `certbot_dns_isset:dns_isset_endpoint="https://customer.isset.net/api"
certbot_dns_isset:dns_isset_token="<token>"`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-isset:dns-isset',
},
//####################################################//
linode: {
display_name: 'Linode',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-linode',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `dns_linode_key = 0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ64
dns_linode_version = [<blank>|3|4]`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-linode',
},
//####################################################//
luadns: {
display_name: 'LuaDNS',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-luadns',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `dns_luadns_email = [email protected]
dns_luadns_token = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-luadns',
},
//####################################################//
netcup: {
display_name: 'netcup',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-netcup',
package_version: '1.0.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `dns_netcup_customer_id = 123456
dns_netcup_api_key = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567
dns_netcup_api_password = abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567abcdef0123`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-netcup:dns-netcup',
},
//####################################################//
njalla: {
display_name: 'Njalla',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-njalla',
package_version: '1.0.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: 'certbot_dns_njalla:dns_njalla_token = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567',
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-njalla:dns-njalla',
},
//####################################################//
nsone: {
display_name: 'NS1',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-nsone',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: 'dns_nsone_api_key = MDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAw',
full_plugin_name: 'dns-nsone',
},
//####################################################//
ovh: {
display_name: 'OVH',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-ovh',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `dns_ovh_endpoint = ovh-eu
dns_ovh_application_key = MDAwMDAwMDAwMDAw
dns_ovh_application_secret = MDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAw
dns_ovh_consumer_key = MDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAw`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-ovh',
},
//####################################################//
powerdns: {
display_name: 'PowerDNS',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-powerdns',
package_version: '0.2.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `certbot_dns_powerdns:dns_powerdns_api_url = https://api.mypowerdns.example.org
certbot_dns_powerdns:dns_powerdns_api_key = AbCbASsd!@34`,
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-powerdns:dns-powerdns',
},
//####################################################//
rfc2136: {
display_name: 'RFC 2136',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-rfc2136',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `# Target DNS server
dns_rfc2136_server = 192.0.2.1
# Target DNS port
dns_rfc2136_port = 53
# TSIG key name
dns_rfc2136_name = keyname.
# TSIG key secret
dns_rfc2136_secret = 4q4wM/2I180UXoMyN4INVhJNi8V9BCV+jMw2mXgZw/CSuxUT8C7NKKFs AmKd7ak51vWKgSl12ib86oQRPkpDjg==
# TSIG key algorithm
dns_rfc2136_algorithm = HMAC-SHA512`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-rfc2136',
},
//####################################################//
route53: {
display_name: 'Route 53 (Amazon)',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-route53',
package_version: '1.8.0',
dependencies: '',
credentials: `[default]
aws_access_key_id=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
aws_secret_access_key=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY`,
full_plugin_name: 'dns-route53',
},
//####################################################//
vultr: {
display_name: 'Vultr',
package_name: 'certbot-dns-vultr',
package_version: '1.0.3',
dependencies: '',
credentials: 'certbot_dns_vultr:dns_vultr_key = YOUR_VULTR_API_KEY',
full_plugin_name: 'certbot-dns-vultr:dns-vultr',
},
};
|
182633_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | ဇယိုင်းရွာ ()သည် စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး၊ ကသာခရိုင်၊ ဗန်းမောက်မြို့နယ်၊ ကနန်းလိပ်စောကျေးရွာအုပ်စု၌ တည်ရှိသည်။ ရွာနေရာကုတ်မှာ ၁၇၄၈၄၅ ဖြစ်သည်။
ကိုးကား
ဗန်းမောက်မြို့နယ်ရှိ ရွာများ.
|
github_open_source_100_1_510 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import React, { SVGProps } from 'react';
import cn from 'src/utility/cn';
import './style.scss';
export default ({ className, ...svgProps }: SVGProps<SVGSVGElement>) => (
<svg
{...svgProps}
className={cn('MonoIcon-Megaphone', className)}
width="24"
viewBox="0 0 24 24"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
>
<path
fillRule="evenodd"
clipRule="evenodd"
d="M17.5019 2.13509C17.8102 2.31401 18 2.64353 18 3V7C19.1848 7 20.2502 7.51635 20.9812 8.33309C21.614 9.0401 22 9.97617 22 11C22 12.0238 21.614 12.9599 20.9812 13.6669C20.2502 14.4836 19.1848 15 18 15V19C18 19.3565 17.8102 19.686 17.5019 19.8649C17.1936 20.0438 16.8134 20.0451 16.5039 19.8682L10 16.1518V21C10 21.5523 9.55228 22 9 22H5C4.44772 22 4 21.5523 4 21V16C2.89543 16 2 15.1046 2 14V8C2 6.89543 2.89543 6 4 6H9.73444L16.5039 2.13176C16.8134 1.9549 17.1936 1.95617 17.5019 2.13509ZM10 14C10.174 14 10.345 14.0454 10.4961 14.1318L16 17.2768V4.72318L10.4961 7.86824C10.345 7.95458 10.174 8 10 8H4V14H10ZM6 16V20H8V16H6ZM18 13V9C18.5922 9 19.1233 9.25615 19.491 9.66691C19.8083 10.0214 20 10.4871 20 11C20 11.5129 19.8083 11.9786 19.491 12.3331C19.1233 12.7438 18.5922 13 18 13Z"
/>
</svg>
);
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dts:1180002:mpeg21_3 | Dutch-PD | Public Domain | Eerst op den morgen van den zevenden October kwam het tot een zeeslag. De turksche vlootvoogd wachtte den vijand af op de hoogte van Lepanto, terwijl de Christenvloot buiten de Corinthische Golf bij de Echinaden (een groep eilandjes nabij de Noordkust) voor anker lag. Ali, de turksche admiraal, verliet, tegen den raad van verstandige mannen in, zijn gunstige ligplaats en zocht den vijand op, die hetzelfde deed. Een goed eind bewesten Lepanto ontmoetten ze elkaar. 'tWas een treffend schouwspel. Een schitterende zon werd weerkaatst door de bontheid der turksche schepen, door de stalen wapenrustingen der Christenkrijgers, en door de kalme golfjes, daar, waar bijna tweeduizend jaar geleden een bloedige zeeslag had plaats gehad tusschen Corinthiërs en Corcyraeërs. Het getal der Christenstrijders beliep ongeveer 30,000, dat der Turken een vijfduizendtal minder. Verscheiden venetiaansche galeien stonden onder bevel van Grieken, waaronder twee Cretensers. Maar de voornaamste onder cle grieksche zeehelden, ja het pronkjuweel der gansche Christenvloot was Kondokallis, een telg van Corfu. Parata, een venetiaansch geschiedschrijver uit dien tijd, kent ondubbelzinnig den eerepalm toe aan de gezamenlijke Grieken, die aan dezen onvergetelijken zeeslag deelnamen, en wel in drie opzichten, onversaagdheid, bedrevenheid en tucht. Dus juist de drie hoofdzaken. Om voor zijn italiaansche lezers de pil een weinig te vergulden, voegt hij er bij, dat de Grieken meer dan de Italianen en Spanjaarden aan zeeoorlogen gewend zijn. De nederlaag der Turken was verpletterend. Ver over de tweehonderd schepen werden buit gemaakt of vernield, en bijna dertig duizend man gedood, tegen vijftien schepen en acht duizend dooden bij de Christenen, waaronder evenwel tal van aanzienlijke Venetianen. Onder de turksche dooden noem ik alleen den opperbevelhebber. Tot de gekwetsten behoorde cle wereldberoemde schrijver van „Don Quichot", wien, evenals aan iEschylus bij Marathon, een hand werd afgekapt, insgelijks voor Hellas tegen de Barbaren. De eerste indruk van deze geweldige nederlaag was zóó GRIEKENLAND ONDER DE TURKEN. 241 verpletterend, dat sultan Selim in geen drie dagen voedsel gebruikte. En geen wonder. De turksche vloot (een van de grootste soort) was vernietigd; de Grieken werden oproerig; en een koel berekenende fransche diplomaat sprak zijn overtuiging uit, dat de bondgenooten met weinig moeite Constantinopel hadden kunnen veroveren. Maar de oneenigheid van die bondgenooten en de geestkracht van Sokolli, den Groot-Vizier, waren het behoud van het veege Turkenrijk. Acht maanden na den „slag van Lepanto" voer er bereids een nieuwe vloot de Dardanellen uit, sterk 250 schepen, waarvan vijftien der grootste een geschenk waren van een schatrijken griekschen koopman, een burger van Constantinopel, bij zijn stamgenooten bekend onder den naam van „Satanszoon". En Sokolli zei met recht, dat Venetië den sultan de baard had afgeschoren, maar dat hij (de Vizier) de republiek een arm (doelende op Cyprus) had afgezet. De slag van Lepanto heeft de wereld in rep en roer gebracht; maar wat de Grieken betreft ware het beter geweest, als die bloedige zege nimmer ware bevochten. Vol geestdrift, hadden die ongelukkigen de komst der Armada afgewacht, die hen zou verlossen van het gehate juk; en de bedwelming der prachtige zege deed hen te wapen vliegen, en er bij de overwinnaars op aandringen, dat dezen door hun onweerstaanbaar gebleken vloot den opstand op Morea zouden ondersteunen. Maar als naar gewoonte werd ook thans alles bedorven door gebrek aan eenheid onder de bondgenooten. Wel hielden ze spoedig aan boord van het admiraalschip een grooten krijgsraad; maar Don Jan bleek niet veel meer dan een strooman te zijn tegenover de heerschende oneenigheid. De een bepleitte een groot scheepsvertoon langs de kusten van de Peloponnesus, een ander een aanval op Euboea, een derde een dito op Santa Maura (het eenige der Jonische eilanden, dat den Turken behoorde), terwijl een vierde een aanslag bepleitte op de forten der „kleine Dardanellen". Op stuk van zaken deed men niets, omdat „de winter naderde", en trok men terug naar Corfu, vanwaar de spaansche en pauselijke schepen verder Westwaarts voeren. Inmiddels waren vele Peloponnesiërs de Golf van Corinthe overgestoken, en hadden ze zich in het havenstadje Galaxidi w. b. ii, 1905. 16 242 GRIEKENLAND ONDER DE TURKEN. (bezuiden Delphi) vereenigd met een talrijke bezending uit Salona (het oude Amphissa). In de kerk van Galaxidi zwoeren die patriotten terstond een oorlog op leven en dood tegen de Turken te zullen beginnen. Maar onder hen, die aan dien allerplechtigsten eed deel namen, was een verrader, die heimelijk den zeeboezem overstak en het komplot aan de trawanten van den sultan openbaarde. Ziedende van toorn, wreekte deze zich toen op den armen aartsbisschop van Patras, die levend werd verbrand. Onbekend daarmee, trokken de opstandelingen benoorden de Corinthische Golf, drie duizend man sterk, naar Salona, toen een vrij belangrijke stad. Inplaats van de verwachte „frankische" hulp, vonden ze den toegang tot die vesting door turksche troepen versperd. De sluwe Bey, die in Salona resideerde, liet hen vriendelijk uitnoodigen, om onbewimpeld hun grieven bij hem te komen bepleiten. Ze liepen in de val. Tachtig hunner werden afgevaardigd naar den Bey, die hen met eerbewijzen ontving, en met veel vertoon van deelneming naar hen luisterde. Maar nauwelijks was de avond gevallen, of hij liet al de afgevaardigden in den kerker van het kasteel werpen, waar ze al spoedig werden om hals gebracht, met uitzondering van een priester, die zijn behoud aan de kracht zijner vuisten verschuldigd was. De buiten gebleven opstandelingen trokken nu weer den zeeboezem over; en met menige versterking vonden ze een toevluchtsoord in de Maina, waar niet lang daarna de twee gebroeders Melissenos uit Epidaurus een leger van 28.000 man onder hun banieren vereenigden, en daarmee twee volle jaren de Turken in dat schier ontoegankelijke gewest bemoeilijkten. Don Jan, die in Messina een werkeloos leven leidde, zag er tegen op om zijn commandostaf te hernemen, omdat Spanje meer en meer overhoop raakte met Frankrijk. Van daar, dat hij aan een der twee heldhaftige broeders een brief schreef, waarin hij dezen aanspoorde, om den opstand aan den gang te houden, totdat de vloot der bevrijders zou zijn aangekomen. Hij overhaastte zich niet: •eerst in Augustus 1572 nam hij het bevel over de verbonden schepen weer op zich. Op de hoogte van Messenië vonden ze de turksche vloot; maar tot een treffen kwam GRIEKENLAND ONDER DE TURKEN. 243 het niet. Vergeefs poogde men Methone en Navarino te bemachtigen; en toen het seizoen al weer te ver was gevorderd, trok men al weer naar het Westen terug. De geknakte opstandelingen hielden het nog een korten tijd vol in de schuilhoeken der Maina; maar eindelijk gaven ze den wanhopigen weerstand op, en werden in genade aangenomen, nadat de gebroeders Melissenos waren gevlucht. In de stad Napels vonden beiden een uitstekend onthaal en na hun dood een graftombe. Nog vóór den zomer van het jaar 1573 kwam er weer vrede tot stand tusschen Venetië en den Sultan. De republiek berustte in het verlies van het prachtige eiland Cyprus; en voor haar ontzaglijke opofferingen aan geld en bloed waren de schrale lauweren van Lepanto haar eenige vergoeding. Wat de Turken betrof, al spoedig bleek het, dat ze wisten partij te trekken van de lessen der ondervinding. Ze bouwden een sterk fort, dat den ingang der baai van Navarino bestreek, en bevestigden ook op menig ander punt de peloponnesische kusten. Op andere manier toonden de ontgoochelde Hellenen, dat ze wijzer waren geworden. Uit een tot ons gekomen brief van den venetiaanschen gezant in Constantinopel blijkt, dat de sultan den Grootvorst van Moskovië wantrouwde, als een aangewezen beschermer van zijn Grieksch-orthodoxe geloofsgenooten. Die brief is van het jaar 1576; en daaruit blijkt tevens, dat de grieksche onderdanen geneigdheid toonden, om zich onder moskovitische bescherming te plaatsen, ten einde te ontsnappen aan het turksche juk. De schaduw van den russischen beer werd steeds meer waarneembaar, terwijl die van den venetiaanschen leeuw verflauwde. DE AANVANG VAN HET LEVEN IN DE NATUUR. 249 lijks van alle eeuwigheid bestaan zou hebben? Uit dit alles volgt, dunkt mij, dat de onderstelling van het eeuwig bestaan des levens in de wereld al zeer weinig waarschijnlijks heeft. Wij moeten daarbij echter nog andere omstandigheden in rekening brengen, voordat wij van de kwestie van het overbrengen van levenskiemen van planeet tot planeet afscheid nemen. III De gassen en dampen, die in den vorm van een gioeienden dampkring elk hemellichaam omgaven of nog heden omgeven, kunnen na de afkoeling van dat lichaam alleen dan daarin blijven, hetzij in den vorm van een dampkring of in scheikundige verbindingen, als er een bepaalde verhouding bestaat tusschen de snelheid van de moleculen van het gas, de afmetingen van het hemellichaam en de intensiteit der zwaartekracht aan zijn oppervlakte. Als b.v. een steen van de aarde omhoog geworpen wordt, kan hij alleen dan naar de aarde terugkeeren als zijn aanvangssnelheid niet meer dan ongeveer 11 Kilometer per sekonde bedraagt. Daaruit volgt dat op onze aarde geen gas in den dampkring kan blijven, waarvan de moleculaire snelheid grooter is dan 11 Kilometer. Wij weten verder dat bij 0 graden de moleculaire snelheid van waterstof 1840 meter bedraagt, en dat zij met de temperatuur toeneemt; bij 1000° bedraagt zij ongeveer 4 Kilometer en bij 10000 graden 11,3 Kilometer. Daar nu echter de waterstof in water en andere scheikundige verbindingen op aarde wordt aangetroffen moeten wij daaruit besluiten dat de temperatuur van den gioeienden dampkring der aarde nooit zoo hoog geweest is dat de moleculaire snelheid der waterstof meer dan 11 Kilometer bedroeg; die temperatuur kan dus niet hooger geweest zijn dan 9400°. Aan den anderen kant kan men met zeer groote waarschijnlijkheid beweren, dat de hoogste temperatuur der aarde niet lager geweest kan zijn dan ongeveer 4600° C, daar eerst bij dien warmtegraad alle grondstoffen gasvormig zijn, 250 D15 AANVANG VAN HET LEVEN IN DE NATUUR. en wij in den boog van Davy reeds een temperatuur van 3500° waarnemen. De hoogste temperatuur van den gesmolten, vloeibaren aardbol lag dus tusschen 4600 en 9400 graden. Was die temperatuur lager geweest, b.v. 4500 graden, dan hadden er op aarde zeker grondstoffen kunnen blijven, waarvan de dichtheid in den gasvorm slechts de helft bedraagt van die der waterstof; het is niet mogelijk op aarde een element van zoo geringe dichtheid aan te treffen. Overeenkomstige beschouwingen zijn ook op andere hemellichamen toepasselijk. Daar echter de dichtheid der planeten zeer uiteenloopt, - die van Mars is b. v. slechts drie vierde van die der aarde — en ditzelfde het geval is met de afmetingen en de intensiteit der zwaartekracht, zoo moeten wij tot het volgende besluit komen: ofschoon men in alle deelen van het heelal, die wij in staat geweesc zijn te onderzoeken, overal ongeveer dezelfde elementen gevonden heeft die ook op aarde voorkomen, ontbreken toch op de eene planeet vele, die wij op andere aantreffen en omgekeerd. Geheel in overeenstemming niet dit besluit is het feit dat de hoofdbestanddeelen der meteorieten, ijzer, zuurstof, kiezel, aluminium en kleine hoeveelheden van andere grondstoffen, alle bijeen slechts uit een twintigtal van de ons bekende ruim zeventig bestaan. Op de zon ontbreekt ook een groot aantal onzer aardsche grondstoffen, b.v. de bij ons zoozeer verbreide kiezel, stikstof, phosphorus, zwavel enz. Op andere vaste sterren missen wij weer andere, zoo als wij b. v. uit het spectrum van Aldebaran zien. Eveneens verraden de spectra van sommige nevelvlekken alleen de aanwezigheid van waterstof, stikstof en een element, dat ons nog onbekend is. Voor organisch leven zoo als dat op aarde voorkomt is vloeibaar water ten eeneninale onontbeerlijk; het voorkomen van water op een hemellichaam is echter afhankelijk van bepaalde voorwaarden van druk en temperatuur; op de maan of op Mars zou dit lichaam alleen in den vasten vorm kunnen voorkomen en dat nog wel onder de voorwaarde dat bij de hoogste temperatuur, die ooit op de maan of op. Mars geheerscht heeft, de zuurstof en waterstof — de be HEBEN1)AAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDÜ8TRIEELE TOBSTANDEN IN AUSTRALIË.1) De tegenwoordige politieke toestand van Australië in het algemeen en van A^ictoria in het bijzonder is voor Europeanen buitengewoon belangwekkend, want in de vertegenwoordigende lichamen zijn quaestiën aanhangig, die nog in geen parlement ter wereld ter tafel gebracht werden. Wel is de bevolking dier streken betrekkelijk klein en dun gezaaid, maar de beginselen, waarom het gaat, zijn dezelfde die ook in Europa en Amerika zich naar den voorgrond dringen. Tal van schrijvers en sprekers hebben Australië het paradijs van den werkman genoemd en dezen naam verdedigd door voorbeelden, die op velen den indruk gemaakt hebben, als zou de algemeene levensstandaard van den Australischen arbeider zoo hoog zijn, dat er weinig of geen reden van ontevredenheid over den algemeenen oeconomischen toestand zou kunnen bestaan. De Australische werkman zelf schijnt echter dit oordeel niet te deel en, getuige de voortdurende gisting, die zich op dit oogenblik uit in een streven der arbeiderskringen, om zoowel in het federale parlement als in de parlementen der ') Art. van Tom Mann, te Melbourne, in The Nineteenth Century van September 1904. W. B. I 1905. 1 2 "HEDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDUSTBIEELE verschillende staten het aantal rechtstreeksche vertegenwoordigers van de arbeiders te vergrooten. Bovendien wordt de strijd tusschen werklieden en werkgevers in Australië met evenveel verbittering gestreden als elders. Ten bewijze hiervan moge de werkstaking in Gippsland in Victoria gelden, waar de mijnwerkers van de Outtrim-, Jumbunna- en Korrumbunna-steenkoolgroeven, te zamen ongeveer 1300 in aantal, zeventig weken lang de voorwaarden geweigerd hebben, die de eigenaars hun aanboden en eerst nu, door honger gedwongen, het hoofd in den schoot hebben gelegd. Vele van hen, die gedurende den geheelen strijd zich rustig gehouden en steeds den wettigen weg bewandeld hadden, hebben toch na de mislukking Victoria verlaten om elders, in Nieuw Zuid-Wallis, West-Australië of Nieuw-Zeeland werk te zoeken, waarbij sommigen hunne namen veranderd hebben, om minder gevaar te loopen door den werkgeversbond te worden geweerd. Te Melbourne komen de werkloozen elke week meermalen samen en houden zij meetings, om er bij de regeering op aan te dringen werk te verschaffen, enz. Volgens het op die meetings medegedeelde zouden er alleen te Melbourne 5 a 6000 werkloozen zijn, en dit cijfer, 5 pCt. van het totaal aantal werklieden, schijnt geenszins overdreven, vermits uit de verslagen der vakvereenigingen blijkt, dat in verscheidene vereenigingen gemiddeld 15 pCt. der leden geen werk hadden. Van de vereeniging der A malgamated Engineers in Victoria wordt op dit oogenblik 18 pCt. der leden uit de bondskas ondersteund, en in Nieuw Zuid-Wallis is de toestand niet veel beter. Wat de goudmijnen in Victoria aangaat, zoo worden te Ballarat ongeveer 1600 mijnwerkers gebruikt, waarvan een 600 tal per werktijd van 8 uur, 7 sh. 6 p. of per week 2 £ 5 sh. ontvangen, terwijl de verdere 1000, die als losse werklieden zijn ingeschreven maar toch gewoonlijk zes dagen per week arbeiden, met gemiddeld 12 sh. 6 p. per week worden afgescheept. Dit laatstvermelde loon schijnt voor een mijnwerker ongeloofelijk laag, en ik zou het dan ook niet hebben durven TOESTANDEN IN AUSTRALIË. 8 vermelden, ware ik niet in de gelegenheid geweest mij door herhaald onderzoek bij de arbeiders zelve van de juistheid van het feit te overtuigen. Ten platten lande verdient de boerenknecht 6 a 18 sh. per week met den kost, maar in den oogsttijd wordt aan losse arbeiders tot 6 sh. daags betaald. In verschillende takken van nijverheid zijn de werklieden maar zwak georganiseerd en worden dan ook niet hoog betaald. Zoo verdienen b.v. de werklieden in de fabrieken van landbouwwerktuigen, die aan vrij hooge eischen voldoen moeten, niet meer dan 1| a 2 f per week. Wat de meubelmakers betreft, zoo zijn in dezen tak van nijverheid, niettegenstaande vakvereeniging en bepalingen omtrent minimum-loon, de blanken nagenoeg geheel door de Chineezen verdrongen. In Melbourne b.v. vindt men 110 Europeanen tegen 630 zonen van het Hemelsche rijk, terwijl de secretaris van de meubelmakers-vakvereeniging te Melbourne mededeelt, dat in het laatste jaar 89 leden den staat verlaten hadden, omdat er voor hen niet de minste kans bestond om aan werk te komen. Vele van deze lieden zijn naar Nieuw-Zeeland vertrokken. Hoewel uit het voorgaande kan blijken, dat het wel wat optimistisch was, Australië het paradijs van den werkman te noemen, zoo hebben wij hier toch wel wat uitsluitend de keerzijde der medaille vertoond. Over het algemeen toch staat de levensstandaard der loontrekkenden in Australië hooger dan in Engeland en elders in Europa. Met name die van de winkelbedienden. Deze toch hebben omstreeks 6 uur des avonds of een weinig later gedaan, en moeten ze ook al één avond per week langer blijven, dan staat daar een halve rustdag per week tegenover. Bekwame handwerkslieden, die te Londen 36 a 50 sh. per week verdienen, brengen het te Melbourne tot 45 a 65 sh. per week en dan nog wel met een achtuurschen werkdag, die trouwens in het Australische klimaat zwaarder is dan een langere dag op de breedte van Londen. Natuurlijk zijn sommige zaken in Australië duurder dan 4 HEDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDUSTRIEELS in Europa. Dezelfde hoed, die te Londen 6> sh. kost, moet te Melbourne met 10 \ sh. betaald worden en de prijzen der consumptie in de koffiehuizen zijn in Australië het dubbele, in het binnenland zélfs het vierdubbele van die in Londen, waar ze toch nog hooger zijn dan in sommige andere Europeesche steden. Gaat men echter na, dat een geschikt handwerksman per week in Victoria 15 sh. meer verdient dan in Engeland en dat de meerdere uitgaven niet meer dan de helft van dit verschil bedragen, dan slaat de schaal nog ten voordeele van Australië over. Daartegenover staat intusschen, dat de arbeidersmarkt daar meer dan hier overvoerd en alzoo de kans op werkloosheid grooter is. Van een algemeenen, wettelijken achtuurschen werkdag is tot dusver in geen van de Australische staten sprake. Met name in Victoria vindt men evenveel arbeiders, die langer dan die acht uur of korter werken. Wel is waar is in het bouwvak in 1856 in Victoria de achtuursche werkdag ingevoerd, maar alleen als climatologische noodzakelijkheid, omdat het branden der Australische zon geen langeren werktijd in de open lucht toeliet. Eerst in den laatsten tijd is de eisch tot verkorting van den werkdag gesteld om op deze wijze de stijgende werkloosheid — ook stijgende door de verbeteringen aan de machines — te bestrijden. In verband met de door deze verbeteringen zoo zeer gestegen productiviteit van den arbeid ijvert nu de WestAustralische arbeiderspartij ijverig voor een zevenuurschen werkdag en werd onlangs een spreker bij de viering van den gedenkdag der wet van 1856 geestdriftig toegejuicht, toen hij betoogde, dat er heden ten dage meer gronden waren voor de invoering van een zesuurschen werkdag, dan een halve eeuw geleden voor die van den achtuurschen. Te Melbourne kenmerkte de viering van denzelfden gedenkdag zich door het merkwaardige feit, dat de voornaamste spreker, de heer J. C. Watson, juist twee dagen te voren door den Gouverneur-Generaal met de samenstelling van een nieuw ministerie belast was. Twee dagen later trad TOESTANDEN IN AUSTRALIË. hij als eerste minister van de Australische Republiek op, aan het hoofd van een Kabinet, waarvan al de leden, behalve één, tot de werkliedenpartij behooren. Dit optreden van werkliedenpartijen op politiek terrein in de verschillende Australische staten dateert van het jaar 1890, toen na het mislukken van de groote maritieme staking de vakvereenigingen tot zelfstandige politieke actie besloten. Bij de verkiezing van het eerste federale parlement in Januari 1900 waren de werklieden reeds in staat, op verscheiden plaatsen met kracht op te treden en gelukte het hun 14 van de 75 zetels in het Huis der Afgevaardigden met hunne candidaten te bezetten, waarvan Nieuw ZuidWallis 6, Queensland 3, Victoria 2, West-Australië, ZuidAustralië en Tasmania ieder 1 geleverd hadden. Van de 36 leden van den Senaat behoorden er toen 9 tot de werkliedenpartij, waarvan 4 uit Queensland, 2 uit West-Australië en 1 uit Victoria, Zuid-Australië en Tasmania. J) Zelfs , de hevigste tegenstanders der werklieden-leden erkenden, dat deze nuttig en ijverig werkten. Dat hunne houding in en buiten het parlement gewaardeerd werd, ook door anderen dan door hunne kiezers, mag worden afgeleid uit het feit, dat na de verkiezing voor het tweede parlement in December 1903 het aantal afgevaardigden der werkliedenpartij in de Kamer van Afgevaardigden van 14 tot 23 en in den Senaat van 9 tot 14 gestegen was. Hiervan zond Queensland 6 en 5, West-Australië 4 en 4, Zuid-Australië 2 en 8, Victoria 3 en 1, Tasmania 1 en 1, Nieuw ZuidWallis 7 en geen. In Queensland is alzoo de arbeiderspartij de sterkste. Vermits voor beide Huizen algemeen- en niet allemansstemrecht was voorgeschreven, was men zeer benieuwd of Voor de 36 leden van den Senaat levert elk der 6 staten er 6, terwijl het aantal leden voor de Kamer der Afgevaardigden van de sterkte der bevolking afhangt, ten gevolge waarvan 26 uit Nieuw-Zuid-Wallis, 23 uit Victoria, 9 uit Queensland, 7 uit Zuid-Australië, 5 uit West-Australië en 5 uit Tasmania afkomstig zijn. 6 HEDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDÜSTRIEELE de vrouwen zouden stemmen en zoo ja, hoe zij stemmen zouden. De uitkomst leerde, dat de vrouwen evenveel prijs op de uitoefening van haar stemrecht stelden als de mannen en wijders, dat zij, hoezeer luide verkondigende dat zij onafhankelijk waren en stemmen zouden juist zoo als zij verkozen, toch in het algemeen eveneens stemden als de mannen hunner volksklasse. De vrees van vele werklieden, dat de vrouwen door de geestelijken zouden worden overgehaald onr tegen de werkliedenpartij te stemmen, werd niet bewaarheid. Bij de eerste federale verkiezing hadden de vrouwen niet gestemd, voor de meesten van haar was het iets geheel nieuws en natuurlijk waren er eenige zonderlinge stemmen; maar over het geheel genomen, waren de levendige belangstelling door de vrouwen getoond en de practische zin, waarvan zij blijk gaven, van dien aard, dat zij de hartelijke bewondering van het ruwere geslacht verwierven. Groot vermaak verschaften gedurende de verkiezingscampagne de draaierijen van die candidaten, welke jaren lang het vrouwenkiesrecht hadden bestreden en nu hun hersenen pijnigden om te weten, hoe zij het moesten aanleggen om de stemmen der vrouwen te winnen. Hun plotselinge ontdekking, dat de vrouwen een frisschen geest in politieke zaken zouden brengen en dat er werkelijk geen enkele reden was, waarom alleen het ééne geslacht stemrecht moest hebben, waar toch beide geslachten belang hadden bij de wetgeving enz. enz., en daartegenover hun standvastige 'tegenstand hun geheel politiek leven lang, zoo lang, totdat zij het onderspit hadden moeten delven, was een onderwerp, dat in eene kiesvergadering door de eene of andere vrouw of door een mannelijken bondgenoot ter sprake gebracht, nooit naliet de door het lange debat wat slaperig geworden aanwezigen door een aangename schudding van de lever weder geheel te doen ontwaken. Slaperig waren overigens de verkiezingen over het algemeen niet, want door de geheele republiek heen werd een heete strijd gevoerd tusschen de wassende krachten van den arbeid en de nooit versagende macht van het kapitaal. Maanden lang vóór die verkiezingen was reeds de strijd TOESTANDEN IN AUSTRALIË. 7 tusschen plutocraten en democraten gevoerd, een strijd door de groote bladen als een strijd tusschen socialisten en antisocialisten gekenschetst. Nu is het wel aan den eenen kant waar, dat geen of bijna geen enkele van de candidaten der werklieden zich tegen het socialisme verklaard had, maar aan den anderen kant verklaarden slechts weinigen er zich onbewimpeld voor. Allen waren uitsluitend werklieden-candidaten, maar daarom nog geen socialisten. Het programma of juister het verkiezingsprogramma van de federale arbeiderspartij bestond uit de volgende zeven punten : 1. Australië voor den blanken man. 2. Verplicht scheidsgerecht tusschen werkgevers en werklieden. 3. Ouderdomspensioenen. 4. Nationaliseering van monopolies. 5. Volksleger. 6. Beperking van geldleeningen. 7. Scheepvaartwetten. Van deze punten is het vierde ongeveer gelijkluidend met een deel van het algemeene socialistisch programma. Om het meer of minder socialistisch karakter van dezen eisch te kunnen beoordeelen, zou men met juistheid moeten weten, wat er mede bedoeld werd. Bedoelde men alleen monopolies, die zulks uit den aard der zaak zijn, als spoorwegen, gemeentebedrijven en dergelijke, dan behoeft de eisch om deze van wege de regeering van land of stad te doen exploiteeren, geen socialistische strekking te hebben, en zal zijne gegrondheid door tal van niet-socialisten worden beaamd. Ook in Australië heeft men waarschuwende ondervinding te over omtrent de exploitatie van een en ander door particuliere maatschappijen. Zoo heeft b.v. Sidney een gemeentelijk tramnet met bovengrondsche electrische drijfkracht en uniform penny tarief, dat een der best rendeerende ondernemingen is in geheel Nieuw Zuid-Wallis, en moet men daarentegen te Melbourne, waar de tram het eigendom is van eene particuliere maatschappij, 3 pence per rit betalen of ten minste 2 sh. 9 HEDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDUSTRIEELE pence a 2 sh. per 12 rittenkaart. Wat de toestand der beambten bij deze particuliere maatschappij aangaat, zij medegedeeld, dat het hun evenals aan de beambten van de Melbournsche gasmaatschappij op straffe van ontslag verboden is, lid van een vakvereeniging te zijn. Het programma der werkliedenpartij bedoelt echter iets meer dan den strijd tegen dergelijke monopolies. Voorshands blijkt zulks alleen uit den wensch om de tabaksnijverheid te nationaliseeren. Ongetwijfeld is deze wensch echter het gevolg daarvan, dat de tabaksnijverheid in handen is van een syndicaat, dat alle mededinging practisch onmogelijk gemaakt heeft. Men zou alzoo de vorming van trusts, cartels en dergelijke door nationaliseering of bedreiging met nationaliseering onmogelijk willen maken. De quaestie van het verplichte scheidsgerecht brengt in geheel Australië de gemoederen zeer in beweging. De werkgevers bestrijden het met de grootste bitterheid en de arbeiders verlangen het met steeds stijgenden aandrang. De argumenten van de eene en andere zijde zijn de van elders bekende, die het nutteloos schijnt hier te herhalen. Van meer belang schijnt het, te wijzen op de ondervinding niet het verplichte scheidsgerecht opgedaan in Nieuw-Zeeland, waar eene negenjarige praktijk vóór het stelsel schijnt te pleiten. Van de daar te lande behandelde quaesties zijn namelijk 96 pCt. bevredigend voor beide partijen opgelost en de nijverheid heeft zich veel sneller ontwikkeld gedurende het tijdperk, dat de arbitragewet in werking is, dan te voren. Ook verdient opmerking, dat die wet telkens door nieuwe amendementen voor meerdere klassen van de bevolking geschikt is gemaakt, waardoor zij op dit oogenblik allen omvat, die voor huur of loon geestelijken of handenarbeid verrichten. Vermits dit onderwerp in en buiten het Parlement druk beproken is en vooral omdat het in Groot-Brittanje zeer de aandacht trekt, schijnt het noodig op deze zaak wat nader in te gaan. TOESTANDEN IN AUSTRALIË. 9 - Van de zijde der kapitalisten is namelijk door gezaghebbende sprekers beweerd, dat de Nieuw-Zeelandsche wet onbruikbaar gebleken is en ten bewijze hiervoor medegedeeld, dat zij oorspronkelijk „elke soort van nijverheid" had betroffen en de boeren zich toen vereenigd hadden om eene wetswijziging te bewerken, zoodat de wet op hen niet meer van toepassing zijn zou, Dit nu is eene wel wat oppervlakkige en eenzijdige voorstelling der feiten. De waarheid is, dat de wetgever de uitdrukking „elke soort van nijverheid" gebezigd had met de bedoeling, dat de wet op alle loonarbeiders van toepassing zijn zou; maar dat, toen in 1899 voor het hof van arbitrage eene klacht van de kruideniersbedienden van Christchurch gebracht werd, de toenmalige rechter Mr. Edwards het hof onbevoegd verklaarde om in deze te beslissen, vermits het bedrijf van winkeliers niet als nijverheid maar als kleinhandel moest beschouwd worden. Volgens zijne meening moest onder nijverheid de voortbrenging door het verwerken van grondstoffen en niet het drijven van handel worden verstaan. Na rechter Edwards nam rechter Martin eene dergelijke conclusie tegenover de vrachtrij dersvereeniging, beslissende dat ook de leden dezer vereeniging niet in een tak van nijverheid werkzaam waren. Deze beslissingen, waardoor winkelbedienden, vrachtrijders, matrozen, machinisten op spoorwegen en andere loontrekkend en geen verplicht scheidsgerecht konden vorderen, veroorzaakten veel ontevredenheid. Daarom dienden de vakvereenigingen een verzoek in om de woorden „elke soort van nijverheid" uit de wet te doen lichten en te vervangen door eene zoo duidelijke omschrijving, dat in het vervolg presidenten van rechtbanken niet meer in staat zouden zijn voor eenig loonarbeider de wet niet van toepassing te verklaren. De regeering gaf aan dezen wensch gehoor en zoo ontstond de wetswijziging van 1901, volgens welke de wet van toepassing is op elke vereeniging van personen, die voor huur of loon geestelijken of handenarbeid verrichten. 10 HEDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDUSTRIEELE Sedert die wetswijziging zou, zooals een bekend Nieuw-Zeelandsch staatsman zeide, eene vereeniging van ministerieele hoofdambtenaren of zelfs de ministerraad de hulp der wet kunnen inroepen, vermits zij allen toch loon voor hunnen arbeid ontvangen. Waar alzoo de werklieden op het doen verdwijnen der woorden „elke soort van nijverheid" aandrongen, was het geenszins om eenige klasse buiten de wet te stellen, maar integendeel om de rechters te beletten zulks te doen. Ook in Nieuw-Zuid-Wallis bestaat sedert een drietal jaren wettelijke regeling van het verplicht scheidsgerecht, die wel aanvankelijk aanleiding tot eenige moeilijkheden gegeven heeft, maar thans zeer veel nut sticht en door de overgroote meerderheid der arbeiders zeer gewaardeerd wordt. In Victoria trachten de werkgevers nog steeds aan het verplicht scheidsgerecht te ontsnappen door voor facultatief scheidsgerecht geestdrift te wekken; maar ongelukkig voor hen heeft dit laatste reeds in Zuid-Australië fiasco gemaakt. De Zuid-Australische wet toch werd algemeen een meesterstuk van techniek geacht, maar heeft ten gevolge van het facultatief karakter van het scheidsgerecht hoegenaamd geen nut opgeleverd. In een tijdperk van acht jaar werd de hulp van den rechter slechts viermaal ingeroepen, omdat reeds dadelijk bij een verschil van meening tusschen de leerlooiers en de bereiders van het gelooide leer gebleken was, dat de wet aan den rechter geenerlei macht of bevoegdheid verleende. De werklieden van Zuid-Australië dringen dan ook op het verplicht stellen van het scheidsgerecht aan. Daar voor de werkgevers van Victoria het voorbeeld der zusterkolonie niet bruikbaar was, wezen zij op Engeland, waar de wet van 1896 tot bij legging van geschillen in handelszaken geen verplicht, maar alleen facultatief scheidsgerecht voorschrijft. Het Engelsche voorbeeld blijkt echter bij nader onderzoek al even weinig bruikbaar voor het beoogde doel. Uit de verslagen van den Board of Trade toch blijkt, dat de tusschenkomst van den rechter in de zeven jaar sedert de uitvaardiging der wet 154 maal werd ingeroepen en in TOESTANDEN IN AUSTRALIË. 1 1 47 gevallen tot eene schikking leidde. Nu was het totaal der geschillen in handelszaken in die zeven jaar 4155, waarvan 154 ongeveer 8Va en 47 ruim 1 pCt. is. Dergelijke wapens ter verdediging van facultatief scheidsgerecht zijn alleen voor den gebruiker er van gevaarlijk. Keeren wij intussen en naar Australië terug. Daar had'het ministerie Deakin aan het federale parlement een wetsontwerp aangeboden tot het door verzoening en scheidsgerecht beslechten van geschillen „waarin burgers van meer dan een der Staten betrokken waren, met uitzondering echter van geschillen den openbaren dienst van de republiek of van een der Staten betreffende". Door de arbeiderspartij werd toen een amendement ingediend om de woorden „met uitzondering echter" door de woorden „met inbegrip" te vervangen. De voorsteller van dit amendement, Andrew Fisher, afgevaardigde van Wide Bay in Queensland, zeide daaromtrent in zijn dupliek bij het einde der discussie: „Ik wensch de parlementen der Staten tegen de ambtenaren te beschermen door de bevoegdheden, waardoor deze nu rechters zijn in eigen zaken, over te dragen op een rechterlijk college, dat^ volkomen in staat moet zijn om elke klacht, die er bij wordt ingediend, grondig te onderzoeken. Voorstander als ik ben van staatssocialisme en van meening, dat onze eerste plicht hier ter plaatse is de algemeene welvaart van het volk te bevorderen, ben ik verplicht elke gelegenheid aan te grijpen, die hiertoe kan leiden. Indien bovendien juist is, wat door eenige juridische leden van dit Huis beweerd wordt, dat geschillen over spoorwegzaken altijd binnen de grenzen van een der Staten beperkt blijven, acht ik de maatregelen, als in dit wetsontwerp voorgesteld, volkomen nutteloos." Den 21sten April j.1. werd dit amendement met eene meerderheid van 9 stemmen aangenomen, waarop het ministerie Deakin aan den Gouverneur-Generaal zijn ontslag aanbood en Watson, de leider der werkliedenpartij, reeds den 27sten d.a.v. als hoofd optrad van een ministerie, waarin Fisher met de portefeuille van financiën (juister van belastingen) belast werd. Op dit oogenblik tracht het ministerie Watson zijn wets- L2 HKDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDUSTRIEELE ontwerp betrekkelijk verplicht scheidsgerecht bij het federale parlement er door te halen. Met eenig, maar toch niet met volledig succes. Met eene meerderheid van twaalf stemmen heeft de Kamer van Afgevaardigden de wet van toepassing verklaard op geschillen wegens staatsspoorwegen of andere openbare diensten, zoowel in de republiek als in de verschillende Staten en op arbeiders in rijksfabrieken of andere nijverheidsondernemingen werkzaam. Daarentegen heeft de regeering er in berust, dat de ambtenaren der verschillende ministeries zelve zouden worden uitgezonderd en, wat van meer beteekenis is, dat landbouw en veeteelt, in het algemeen het boerenbedrijf buiten deze wet zouden vallen. Naar het schijnt is deze beslissing in Australië abusievelijk op Nieuw-Zeeland overgedragen en daardoor de lezing ontstaan, hierboven vermeld. Tot verzoening tusschen werkgevers en arbeiders zal deze wet wel niet leiden, want de partij der kapitalisten acht het nu voorgeschrevene het maximum, dat zij kunnen toestaan, alzoo eene finale regeling; terwijl de werkliedenpartij het slechts als eene eerste schrede op een nieuwen weg beschouwt. Van een collectivistisch standpunt is zulks zeer zeker het geval en de strijd om deze wet slechts een voorpostengevecht van ondergeschikt belang. De vraag is nu, in hoever het tegenwoordige ministerie dit standpunt zal innemen. De leden er van zijn, behalve misschien de minister van justitie (eigenlijk procureur-generaal) Higgins, socialisten of ten minste sterk socialistisch getint, maar het ministerie is als geheel nog niet als socialistisch ministerie opgetreden. Enkele bijzonderheden omtrent de verschillende ministers zullen misschien met belangstelling vernomen worden. De eerste minister Watson, een voormalig letterzetter, is een voorbeeld van wellevendheid en tact. De minister van buitenlandsche zaken Hughes was na tal van verschillende betrekkingen laatstelijk advocaat en is een zeer belezen man, een bekwaam en handig debater. De minister van binnenlandsche zaken Batchelor, tevoren minister van onderwijs in Zuid-Australië, behoort tot de vak- TOESTANDEN IN AUSTRALIË Vè vereeniging der Amalgamated Engineers en is een ontwikkeld man. De minister van landsverdediging Dawson was vroeger lid van het parlement van Queensland, een oogenblik eerste minister aldaar. De postmeester-generaal Hugh Mahon is een zeer gunstig bekend journalist, bij alle partijen in het parlement gezien en dit laatste kan ook van den vice-president van den uitvoerenden raad M'Gregor gezegd worden. Van den goeden wil en de eerlijke bedoelingen van deze mannen en van hunne niet genoemde ambtgenooten is iedereen overtuigd, die nader met hen bekend is. Het verleden der verschillende ministers staat er borg voor, dat zij op de hoogte zijn zoowel van de algemeene voorwaarden van vooruitgang op sociaal en industrieel gebied als van Australiës nooden en behoeften, en ieder onpartijdige is van meening, dat het gezag in hunne handen veilig is. Of dit ministerie, dat zoo duidelijk tot de arbeiderspartij behoort, korter of langer op het kussen zal blijven, zal de toekomst moeten leeren. Maar in elk geval zal de geschiedenis rn.i. later van hen kunnen getuigen, dat zij de ware belangen van Australië niet uit het oog verloren hebben. Zooals reeds uit den aanhef van dit artikel kon blijken, was het ons voornemen naast den algemeenen toestand van de Australische federatie, dien van Victoria in het bijzonder te behandelen en zoo zijn wij dan nu tot de bespreking van dezen genaderd. Tot 1889 heerschte in Victoria vrede tusschen werkgevers en werklieden. De arbeiders stonden op politiek terrein naast de kapitalisten. De goedgezinde leden der vakvereenigingen ondersteunden de verkiezing van hunne werkgevers in het parlement, overtuigd als zij waren van hunne afhankelijkheid ter eene en van de gelijkheid van belangen ter andere zijde; en de weinigen, die half fluisterend in overweging gaven, of het niet beter zou zijn, als de werklieden eigen candidaten kozen, werden als onpractische droomers met spot bejegend. 14 HEDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDÜSTEIEELE Maar de werkgevers in het parlement beantwoordden slecht aan het vertrouwen door de werklieden in hen gesteld. In plaats van te ijveren voor verbeteringen in den socialen en industrieelen toestand, ging de partij der fabrikanten, de liberale partij, geheel op in den strijd voor beschermende rechten, die zij op het voorbeeld van de Vereenigde Staten in het belang der inlandsche nijverheid achtten, terwijl daarentegen de schapeneigenaars ten behoeve van lage loonen en gemakkelijken uitvoer van wol, aan vrijen handel de voorkeur moesten geven en daardoor als conservatieve partij tegenover hen stonden. Langzamerhand gingen de oogen der werklieden open en ontstond zoo de werkliedenpartij, die in 1889 aan twee harer candidaten, William Trenwith, thans senator en William Maloney, thans afgevaardigde van Melbourne in het federale parlement, een zetel wist te bezorgen. De groote omkeer in de openbare meening kwam echter eerst als gevolg van de maritieme staking in 1890. In Augustus en September 1889, toen 60000 dokwerkers te Londen het werk gestaakt hadden en het stakingscomité dientengevolge ongeveer het viervoud van dit aantal in het leven moest houden, werd in Australië in vijf weken tijds het aanzienlijke bedrag van 30000 £ ten behoeve der stakers bijeengebracht, een feit, waardoor de kolonie de dankbaarheid niet alleen van de dokwerkers maar van de geheele democratische helft van het Engelsche volk inoogstte. Deze Australische gift was van alle klassen zonder onderscheid afkomstig. Zij was het gevolg van eene edelmoedige impulsie van de geheele kolonie ten opzichte van het moederland, waarbij moet worden in het oog gehouden, dat de groote meerderheid der kolonisten, waaronder ook zij die later tot rijkdom of welstand geraakt waren, oorspronkelijk van bescheiden of nederige afkomst was en zich alzoo aan de Londensche werkliede verwant kon voelen. In elk geval echter was deze samenwerking een teeken van eensgezindheid tusschen de verschillende volksklassen. Maar het zou spoedig anders worden. In 1890 brak de groote maritieme staking uit. In plaats dat middelen tot schikking en voorziening beproefd werden, TOESTANDEN IN AUSTKAEIË. L5 was het spoedig een verbitterde strijd, een strijd tot het uiterste. De werkgevers bespaarden aan hunne werklieden geen enkele vernedering en daar de geheele sociale en politieke macht in hunne handen was, konden zij hen voor het oogenblik door geweld doen bukken, tevens echter duurzamen haat zaaiende in hunne harten. Toen ik een paar jaar geleden in Nieuw-Zeeland was, verbaasde ik mij er over, hoe wraakzuchtig de stemming van sommige arbeiders nog was ten opzichte van de Australische kapitalisten, die hunne macht zoo meedoogenloos gebruikt hadden. Van deze staking dateert de arbeidersbeweging niet alleen in Victoria, maar in geheel Australië. Zij is het gevolg van de nederlaag der arbeiders toen ter tijde en van hun lijden gedurende en na den strijd. Hadden de werkgevers dien strijd vermeden of hadden niet zij, maar de werklieden toen de overwinning behaald, dan zou er vermoedelijk thans geen sprake zijn van eene politieke aaneensluiting der werklieden, als waarmede wij heden ten dage in alle Staten der Australische republiek te rekenen hebben. Deels toch ten gevolge van den grooten geographischen afstand, deels ten gevolge van de echt Britsche geringschatting voor het buitenland, hebben cosmopolitische stroomingen op den Australiër weinig vat. Alleen eigen bittere ondervinding heeft onder de Australische arbeiders de ontwikkeling mogelijk gemaakt van een gevoel van internationale broederschap, dat het chauvinistische rasgevoel doodt en tot een streven naar internationale solidariteit leidt. Na de federatie hebben de verschillende Staten de getalsterkte hunner parlementen verminderd. In Victoria werd het aantal leden der Wetgevende Vergadering van 95 op 68 gebracht. In de kieswet, daar ten vorigen jare onder het ministerie Irvine aangenomen, werden de spoorwegbeambten en de staatsbeambten in het algemeen min of meer van hun stemrecht beroofd, dat wil zeggen: zij mochten niet meer als gewone burgers dit recht uitoefenen, maar de spoorwegbeambten van den geheelen staat zouden te zamen twee, en de overige beambten te zamen één lid van de Wetgevende Vergadering kiezen, terwijl door spoorweg- en andere be- 16 HEDENBAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDÜSTttlEELE ambten te zamen één lid van het Hoogerhuis of den Wetgevenden Raad zou gekozen worden. Het doel van deze bepalingen was natuurlijk de spoorweg- en andere beambten te beletten op de candidaten der werkliedenpartij te stemmen ; maar dit doel is geenszins bereikt, vermits de drie leden der Wetgevende Vergadering en het eene lid van den Wetgevenden Raad, door de gezamenlijke beambten gekozen, allen candidaten van de arbeiderspartij waren. Over het algemeen beleefde de regeering niet veel vreugde van hare dwangmaatregelen. Het verbod aan de spoorwegarbeiders om, op poene van ontslag, lid te worden van de Trades Hall toch werd door deze bij de jongste verkiezingen beantwoord door als candidaten van de spoorwegbeambten Robert Solly, den naastvorigen en Martin Harmah, den tegenwoordigen voorzitter van de Trades Hall te kiezen. In de Vergadering van 95 leden behoorden 12, na de laatste verkiezing behooren 18 van de 68 leden tot de arbeiderspartij, meer dan een vierde in plaats van een achtste, alzoo ongeveer dezelfde vooruitgang als in het federale parlement. Onder de punten vermeld in het programma van de arbeiderspartij in Victoria heeft geen enkel tot zooveel twistgeschrijf aanleiding gegeven als de voorgestelde progressieve belasting op land, zonder eenige uitzondering en zonder verbetering in aanmerking te nemen. De regeering, met T. Bent als premier, verzet zich ten sterkste hiertegen, maar zal de cijfers door de voorstanders aangehaald, moeilijk kunnen ontzenuwen. Victoria is wel de kleinste der Australische Staten, maar heeft toch nog een oppervlak van 88000 vierk. Eng. mijlen of evenveel als Groot-Brittanje. Vier en twintig millioen acres of 9,6 millioen Hectaren van het beste land zijn het eigendom van groote grondeigenaars, voor een goed deel schapenhouders. Het gevolg hiervan is, dat hoewel Victoria slechts 1,205,000 millioen inwoners telt, waarvan 500.000 in Melbourne, vele inwoners van het land, die verstand van landbouw hebben, toch geen land ter bebouwing verkrijgen kunnen. Ja, wat erger is, een aantal jonge boeren heeft onlangs toestanden in australië. 17 den Staat moeten verlaten wegens de onmogelijkheid goed land onder eenigszins aannemelijke voorwaarden te kunnen pachten. Het verlies aan bevolking door deze emigratie staat ongeveer met de winst door natuurlijke aangroeiing gelijk en toch is ieder het er over eens, dat toeneming der bevolking dringend noodig is. Door de plutocraten wordt deze waarheid het luidst verkondigd ; maar een land, dat zijn eigen bevolking niet aanlokken kan om te blijven, dat geen raad weet met jonge boeren, die in het land geboren zijn, die hun vak, den grond en het klimaat kennen, is niet bijzonder aanlokkelijk voor immigranten van elders. Door hoogere grondbelasting nu zou men de groote grondeigenaars kunnen dwingen hun land intensiever en alzoo met meer werkkrachten te exploiteeren. De tegenwoordige grondbelasting is trouwens al zeer zonderling. Het land is namelijk indertijd door de regeering voor gemiddeld 1 £ per acre of 0,4 Hectare, soms nog voor veel minder verkocht. Nu brengt ditzelfde land, als het verhuurd wordt 30 sh., in de zuivelboerderijen van het westen 2 £ en meer, als aardappelland soms zelfs tot 5 a 61 £ per jaar en per acre op. In het laatste geval mag dan nog de eigenaar vóór het zaaien en na het oogsten der aardappelen zelf over het land beschikken. De werkelijke koop waarde van zulk land is alzoo niet minder dan 20 £ per acre en kan tot 70 £ en meer stijgen. Sommige grondeigenaars geven er de voorkeur aan, hunne boerderijen door zetboeren te doen exploiteeren, die dan met 'ls a, 2/7 van de opbrengst betaald worden. Het schijnt, dat dit aan de betrokken boeren te weinig voorkomt. Weder andere eigenaars blijven aan de oude schapenteelt de voorkeur geven zonder veel aan hun land te doen, alzoo een zeer weinig intensieve wijze van gebruik. Binnen 30 uur afstands van Melbourne liggen millioenen acres vruchtbaar land, dat nu een a twee schapen per acre voedt, maar waarvan de opbrengst bij behoorlijke bewerking gemakkelijk vijftienmaal grooter zou kunnen zijn. Alzoo is w.b. I. 1905 2 18 HEDENDAAGSGHE POLITIEKE EN INDUSTRIEELE de huidige agrarische toestand een sociaal, een nationaal kwaad, een kwaad waaraan de wetgever medeplichtig is. Deze toch sloot eenvoudig de oogen voor de werkelijkheid en bepaalde de belastbare waarde van den grond naar het aantal schapen, dat oorspronkelijk per acre kon worden gevoed. De fiscus onderscheidt vier klassen van grond, die op 4, 3, 2 en 1 £ belastbare waarde per acre geschat worden, al naarmate de grond geacht wordt per acre 2 of meer, 17,, 1, minder dan 1, schaap te kunnen voeden. Het komt alzoo voor, dat grond, dien men jaarlijks voor 5 £ per acre verpacht, door den fiscus geschat wordt eene koopwaarde van 4 £ per acre te hebben ! De grondbelasting van U/4 pCt. van de waarde daalt op deze wijze tot op 1 pCt. van de pachtsom. Hierbij komt, dat van elk grondeigendom eene belastbare waarde van 2500 £ vrij is van belasting. Men kan alzoo een grondeigendom hebben van 250 Hectaren vruchtbaar of 1000 Hectaren weinig vruchtbaar land en daarvoor 1000 £ of zelfs meer pacht per jaar genieten zonder daarvoor een cent grondbelasting te betalen. Het schitterend gevolg van deze regeling is, dat de 24 millioen acres slechts 12000 £ belasting opbrengen of gemiddeld 1 sh. per 10 acres. Hiertegenover stelle men, dat de regeering zich uitput in vondsten om de inkomsten te doen stijgen en ^ de uitgaven te verminderen. Zoo is het vrijgestelde minimum bij de inkomstenbelasting verminderd, zijn de loonen van meerdere beambten verlaagd, zijn de werkuren der wisselwachters van 8 op 10 gebracht en de daardoor overschietende wachters eenvoudig tot sjouwers met sjouwersloon verlaagd, enz. De kennis van deze feiten maakt de toenemende gisting en het succes der werkliedenpartij verklaarbaar. Deze heeft nu eene nieuwe regeling der grondbelasting voorgesteld, waardoor de opbrengst daarvan zou worden vervijfvoudigd. Op het tot hoogen prijs verhuurde land zal deze hoogere belasting ook nog maar weinig drukken, maar het eigenaardige er van is, dat zij naar de hoedanigheid en niet naar de tegenwoordige opbrengst van den grond zou wor- 20 HEDENDAAGSCHE POLITIEKE EN INDUSTKIEELE vloeiden grond te worden aangetrokken, zoodra de uitbreiding van het rioolstelsel dit noodig maakt. Door de bevloeiing is de vruchtbaarheid van den grond dermate toegenomen, dat de acre, die vroeger een of twee schapen voedde, nu genoeg voedingsgewassen oplevert om twintig schapen op te kweeken en vet te mesten en wel met zoo goed gevolg, dat de schapen van de hoeve te Werribee de beste van de markt geacht worden. Voor aankoop van de 8900 acres is 150000 dollars; voor de inrichting er van met inbegrip van gebouwen, machinerieën, pijpleidingen, enz. 250000 dollars noodig geweest. Ten laste der exploitatie komen alle onkosten, zoodra het rioolvocht de grenzen van het gekochte terrein overschreden heeft, terwijl die van het oppompen van het vocht, om daaraan het noodige verval te geven om die grenzen te kunnen bereiken, door de respectieve gemeentekassen gedragen worden. |
US-91134006-A_7 | USPTO | Public Domain | Then the problem of revocation of the keys does not arise anymore, sinceas soon as a user is withdrawn from a SCR¹⁶¹ the deciphering serverceases accepting the deciphering requests for this SCR.¹⁶² ¹⁶¹(for agiven access level)¹⁶²(of course the user will be able to have preservedversions of old resources, but will not be able to reach the resourcesproduced after the revocation)
If this method is adopted, only one pair of key by SCR is enough, aswell for the rights in reading as the rights in writing, as the serverof deciphering checks the rights of access before carrying out anyoperation.
However, this method offers the disadvantages related to the exchangesof resources between the client and the encrypting/deciphering server.
Storage of Keys in Association with the Contents
The process of encrypting/deciphering at the level of the client (i.e.of the user's computer) offers the advantages of:
- - the decentralization of the treatments (to avoid the bottleneck at the level of the server), - not to have to use a remote server for the encryption/deciphering of resources (and to save band-width) - and especially to be able to communicate, to third party users, encrypted resources comprising all the existing versions, including those to which the user (who communicates) does not have herself the access right¹⁶³ but which would be accessible by the third party user (or yet another user further in the communication chain). ¹⁶³(in read only or read-write)
But such a process can present the disadvantage already evoked of therisk of disclosure of keys to third parties who do not have access rightand to allow them not-authorized accesses in a persistent way.
One can limit the impact of such disclosures by limiting the scope ofthe keys¹⁶⁴, and at the extreme by having a specific key for each update(of each version) of contents. With this intention an intermediateserver is used with which the user communicates keys¹⁶⁵ (rather than thecontents). We will now describe this approach.
¹⁶⁴One can renew the keys to limit the impact of the disclosures: (1) torenew the keys each time one withdraws from a user the access right (orfollowing a decision of an administrator which judges that a key havebeen disclosed); (2) to renew the keys periodically, for example once byday; (3) to renew the keys automatically with each creation or update ofcontents (which can be a resource, part of resource, or a simple object)for the SCR in question. It is the approach (3) that we will nowdescribe in detail. The approach (1) can be seen like an optimization ofthe approach (3). ¹⁶⁵More precisely the user communicates to the serverkeys “associations (“key-contents-SCR”) between in particular keys andidentifiers of contents that the keys make it possible to decipher: theKeys Server knows which version of contents can be deciphered by whichkey and gives this information to who has access right.
When the user¹⁶⁶ encrypts a content to record it, it associates withthis content the respective pairs of keys of the versions of themulti-versions objects (per SCR¹⁶⁷) which it generated, and thisassociation is stored in a Keys Server¹⁶⁸. ¹⁶⁶As already mentioned, “theuser” means “(the extension of) the information manipulation tool thatthe user uses on the client computer”¹⁶⁷Preferably, the contents inquestion are partitioned in various parts (each part being homogeneousfrom the point of view of the access rights) With each part a keys pairis associated These keys are stored in a Keys Server or with thecontents, in the content server. When a user downloads contents shereceives the complete contents, with the subset of the keyscorresponding to her rights¹⁶⁸The content server can itself play therole of Keys Server, in this case one does not need a separate KeysServer. The advantage is whereas the keys are stored directly with thecontents. The disadvantage is that one must trust the content servers ...
When a user requests¹⁶⁹ to access that content (after beingauthenticated herself), the keys corresponding to its rights aretransmitted to her by the Keys Server, simultaneously with the(encrypted) contents that are provided to him. The user can thusdecipher the versions of the contents to which it has right. (Theimplementation architecture can make utilize other intermediate serversas described further in the section presenting total architecture).¹⁶⁹The keys are requested from the Keys Server (by indicating theidentifier of the desired contents as well as the SCR used) in parallelwith the request of the contents itself to a content server (or byopening the contents locally in the computer)
Advantageously, the user can transmit the encrypted contents, with (allkeys or part of) the keys which it received from the Keys Server, toanother user by the traditional means (for example by email), withoututilizing a content server. The other user can then request from thekeys server the additional keys which she wishes and to which it hasright and if necessary to have then access to versions of multi-versionsobjects to which the first user did not have herself access.
Encrypting the Multi-Versions Objects
When a resource contains parts having different access rights, here howthe encrypted resource is structured.
We call “connex part of a resource” a set of objects such that for anypair of objects of the set, the objects are connected one to the otherby a path composed of parent-child relations which are entirelycontained in the set.
If all the objects of a connex part are in the same SCR, we speak abouthomogeneous part (from the point of view of the rights). One speaksabout maximum homogeneous part if the said homogeneous part is notcontained in a larger homogeneous part.
Consider the set of the maximum homogeneous parts. With each isassociated its location in the resource, typically in the form of theidentifier of the parent of the root of this part (if it exists) and ofthe predecessor of the root (if it exists).
From now on, by part we mean maximum homogeneous part.
Each part is encrypted and signed with keys for the corresponding SCR,and the encrypted data are then placed in sequence, to form theencrypted resource.
The example of FIG. 134 reuses the content of FIG. 132. The lines arediscontinued at the location of change of SCR. It is supposed here thatthe two multi-versions objects are in the same SCR as the root of theresource, whereas the multi-version object having been used to add anannotation (in E10) is in the same SCR as its unique version. The reasoncould be that the owner of resource “n” created the object multi-versiona* in the SCR E0, in order to be sure that it is accessible to everyone,then added there versions for the SCR E1, E2 and E3. On the other handwhen the user added the annotation b, not having write access in the SCRE2 (or having disabled it), both the multi-versions object b* and theannotation itself are in the same SCR (and thus in the same maximumhomogeneous part).
The encrypted structure of the resource will be thus that of FIG. 135.
Each part (represented by a rectangle with the name of SCR as label) isencrypted and signed with a pair of keys corresponding to this SCR.
In order to allow users to copy multi-versions objects of a resource toanother without risking conflicts of identifiers one can partition theresource in several “identifier spaces”.
Each part is in exactly one space of identifiers, and the references¹⁷⁰to other objects, when they do not specify space of identifiers, do notcross the limits of them. It is possible to cross these limits (thefollowing example will indicate how) by explicitly naming another spaceof identifier of the resource. ¹⁷⁰One uses in particular the referencesto indicate the source of a transclusion, like indicating the parent andthe predecessor of the root of a part, as will be explained further.
This makes it possible for a user to copy a multi-versions object inanother resource, even if the user has write access neither to theparent in the target resource, nor to the versions of thismulti-versions object (see FIG. 136). The user simply creates a newspace of identifiers in the target resource, copies all the versionsdesired in this space, then adds to it (always in the same space ofidentifiers) a new multi-versions object of the same identifier as inthe source. To place this new multi-versions object in the structure ofthe target resource, it indicates the name of the space of identifierscontaining the parent, in addition to its identifier.
In the example of FIG. 136, the user wishes to copy the versions E1 andE2 of the multi-versions object 2*, from the resource at left-hand side,under the object 3 of the resource at right-hand side. A new space ofidentifiers IS2 is thus created in the target resource (and the existingspace is called IS1), the two parts containing 3 and 11:3 are copiedthere without it being necessary to change¹⁷¹ them, and a new part isplaced in this space, being used as connector between these versions andthe object 3 of space IS1. ¹⁷¹They thus do not need to be deciphered.
This part thus contains a unique object (multi-versions), whichspecifies as parent object 3 of space of identifiers IS1. The columnsymbol indicates that it is first of all necessary to leave
the space of identifiers IS2 before being able to enter into the spaceIS1 (in the manner of a hierarchy of folders).
If the parts to be copied cover several spaces of identifiers, it isnecessary, in the target resource, to use spaces of imbricatedidentifiers, i.e. to create a new space of identifier not containing anypart but containing same spaces as those used by the parts on the sideof the source (see FIG. 137).
Possibilities of Transfer
Here various possible operations within the framework of the mechanismsdescribed above.
- - To add objects (created or transcluded, multi-versions or not) in a resource (even in a part which is not accessible in write access, but in read-only). - To copy a multi-versions object of a resource into another resource (or in the same one) - To copy one or more versions of a multi-versions object either in a resource, or in a new multi-versions object, or in an existing multi-versions object. - To remove one or more versions of a multi-versions object.
One can consider two alternatives for the structure of an encryptedresource, depending on if the parts indicate their position (i.e parentand predecessor) in clear (i.e only in a signed way) or if this positionis encrypted.
The first alternative allows, during the handling (copy, movement orsuppression) of versions, to act on versions nonaccessible in writeaccess (because the position indicates in which multi-version objectthese parts are). In particular this alternative allows, at the time ofthe copy of a multi-versions object, that all the versions are copied,and not only those with read access (here the advantage is that a userhaving access in reading to the other versions can see them in thetarget resource).
With the second alternative if one does not have read access to parts(such as annotations), one cannot know at which place they are in theresource. This alternative is thus interesting in the case ofannotations placed by a user.
It is possible to have in the same resource, and even in amulti-versions object, objects adopting the first approach and othersadopting the second.
However it is not possible (for a user not having write access) to carryout these manipulations in a granularity finer than that of the parts(for example to copy only one object of a version of a multi-versionsobject), because that would imply to modify the contents of a part,which is not possible even after the operation of copy.
It should be noted that the operation of transclusion of amulti-versions object or one of its descendants is not concerned withthese considerations, by the fact that the result object is built in animplicit way, and contains the reference to the source of thetransclusion (contrary to the copy which does not keep this reference,and which does not follow the modifications to the source).Consequently, whatever the alternative used the transclusion will behavein the same way, because a user who can reach an object even in thesecond alternative will know his position with the source of thetransclusion and will be able to deduce from it (by applying thealgorithm of transclusion) the position in the result.
EXAMPLE
FIG. 138 shows the result of a copy operation of a version of amulti-versions object. It is seen that it was necessary to keep thesource of the transclusion. The figures in discontinuous lines indicatethe parts corresponding to SCR to which the user does not have readaccess.
This operation is possible although the user has access in read-only tothe version for E3 (with the first alternative, i.e. the position beingpublic).
Then, the annotation which was present in the original disappeared, thisoccurs if it is supposed that this annotation used the secondalternative, i.e. its position is encrypted.
The example of FIG. 139 shows the result of the same operation, wherethe user asked to copy the whole of the multi-versions object ratherthan only a version. One sees that the structure was reproducedidentically in the target resource, including the parts which the usercannot read (here still it is supposed that these parts use the firstalternative).
Thus to note that in this case the source of the transclusion istransferred to the corresponding part (that being in the SCR E1) in theresource of right-hand side.
Here, for the same reason as in the preceding example, the annotationdisappeared, by supposing as previously that its position is quantified.
Replacement Objects in the Multi-Versions Objects
We will now describe how to exploit the concept already described (seethe section Propagation of the contributions in the branches) ofreplacement objects (and alternative objects) within the framework ofmulti-versions objects.
When a user wishes to contribute in a resource, she can create amulti-versions object (or, if necessary, add a version to an alreadyexisting multi-versions object), in the same SCR as the parent, or inthe same SCR as a version already existing, but associated with itsidentity as a user.
From the point of view of the user interface, as shown in the FIG. 140,that means that, in the presence of contributions, instead ofmulti-versions objects having a set of versions indicated by a set ofSCR, they will have in addition their versions labelled bySCR/utilisateur pairs. One can thus have a mixed situation where thereexists for a SCR collective versions (E1), as well as individualversions of contributions (E1/U1; E1/U2) for the same SCR.
This association can be done by allotting to each user a pair keys, andwhile making sign by each user the versions of multi-versions objectswhich she produces.
The modifications made in her contributed version will be thuspropagated in the form of replacement objects in the other versions ofthe same object and the same SCR created by other users. Several userscan thus work together on a resource, and separate in various branchesin the event of refusal (thus forming several work groups for the sameobject, in the same multi-versions object).
As already known, the various versions are managed in the form oftransclusions contained in the multi-versions object, which makes itpossible the replacement objects to circulate between objectscorresponding to the same source created and being in the variousversions of a multi-versions object. When a user adds a version(labelled SCR/user) it can choose from which to work, and in thestructure of the multi-versions object the version added by the user isa transclusion of the selected initial version.
FIG. 141 shows the structure of the objects if a modification made in aresult of transclusion (1:a) which was presented as replacement objectto its (A) source was refused by the latter, resulting then in analternative object (2:1:a) in the same SCR as that of its contributorand labelled with its user identity (E2/U1). The alternative object(2:1:a) is a result of transclusion starting from the refusedcontribution, so that if the latter evolves, the alternative objectwhich results can there be synchronized.
- - Management of Temporal Versions of Objects
Alternatively, one can implement for the objects a (traditional)mechanism of temporal management of the versions, the successivecontributions on the same object being then seen like his temporalversions. If a contributor of a preceding temporal version of an objectrefuses the current temporal version (most elaborate) of an object, itmakes it pass in a version¹⁷² labelled of a pair made up of the same SCRand the user who contributed the refused version. ¹⁷²(in the meaning ofversions of a multi-versions object)
The replacement objects can thus circulate along the transclusions likealready described in particular with the section “Propagation of thecontributions in the branches”.
If the information manipulation tool is provided with a functionality ofmanagement of versions, let us take for example the case of Wikipedia,one can implement the following method:
When the contributor of a previous version of a page of Wikipedia visitsthe current version of a page, the system presents to him, in the formof replacement objects, the modifications which took place on this pagecompared to the last version that she had contributed herself.
The user can then refuse certain replacement objects, which are then putin other branches, i.e. they form of other versions of multi-versionsobjects.
Advantageously, such a method can be implemented by a simple extensionof the Web browser (and of course one must also envisage a collaborationserver), this independently of the server of Wikipedia. In this case,only the contributions of the members of SCR are presented likereplacement objects, and become alternative objects when they arerefused. The server of Wikipedia itself (which provides the temporalversions of the pages of Wikipedia) can play the part of content server.The users who are not members of SCR (or which do not have the extensionof the Web browser) continue to use Wikipedia like before.
Overall Implementation Architecture
FIGS. 142 and 143 present an architecture including the Keys Serverdescribes above as well as a server which implements the transformationsassociated with the transclusions as described previously.
First of all FIG. 142 illustrates the method of update of contents byusers.
In the example presented in this figure, a content ‘a’, which is in afirst content server, is transcluded by a transclusion T1 to give theresult T1:a which is stored in a second content server, which is in turntranscluded by the transclusion T2 to give T2:T1:a in a third contentserver. ‘a’ is in addition transcluded by transclusion T3 to generateresult T3:a.
It should be noted that the results of transclusions which are presentedhere as being stored in servers of different contents, can as well be inthe same content server¹⁷³ and can be versions of the samemulti-versions object, that would not change of anything the principlespresented here. One thus describes here an architecture ofimplementation including the case of the multi-versions objects. ¹⁷³(oreven on the client computer of the user)
Note also that all these contents being in the content servers areencrypted as described with the preceding section.
The marked arrows (1) indicate the accesses of the users to modifyrespectively a, T3:a and T1:a.
The process includes a stage, represented by the arrows (1′), consistingin communicating to the transformation server the modifications, as wellas the keys generated following these modifications (and which made itpossible to encrypt the modified contents in question).
Then, in (2), the transformation server communicates
- - identifiers of the modified contents to the collaboration server, - and to the keys server the associations key-identifier of modified contents.
To prevent that the collaboration server propagates transclusions whichactually will not take place¹⁷⁴, in (3), the collaboration servercommunicates to the transformation server the identifiers of the newpotential results of transclusions¹⁷⁵ and the transformation serverreturns a filtered set of results to it. ¹⁷⁴This can be seen as anoptimization because these transclusions would be in any case filteredduring the supply of results in the process of consultation ofcontents.¹⁷⁵By using the “algorithm in push”
FIG. 143 presents the method of consuting contents.
In (1), the user¹⁷⁶ obtains the content T2:T1:a from the transformationserver. ¹⁷⁶ (i.e. the extension of the information manipulation tool)
In (2), the transformation server obtains from the collaboration serverthe addresses of the contents which provide updates to be carried out onT2:T1:a¹⁷⁷, which are the contents a, T1:a and T3:a which were modified(as illustrated in FIG. 142). ¹⁷⁷These updates include the modificationsat upstream and the contributions (replacement and alternative objects)which can also come from downstream
In (3) the server of transformation obtains the keys of these contentsfrom the Keys Server.
In (4), the transformation server applies the transformations to themodified sources obtained from the respective content servers.
In (5), the user records the contents T2:T1:a updated and transformed,in the content server.
One can implement several methods to record modified contents. First ofall the modifications can be recorded in a structure containing only themodified contents and of the references to the sources. Then, and thisbecomes advantageous when the quantity of modifications exceeds acertain threshold, one can record all the current version of thecontents in question.
In (4), if only modifications of T2:T1:a are recorded, thetransformations server obtains all the contents of the source ‘a’ fromthe first content server (as well as the modifications from the othersources). On the other hand, if the current version of T2:T1:a had beenentirely recorded, instead of all the contents of a, only themodifications not yet taken into account of a are obtained first contentserver.
Moreover, if the current version of T2:T1:a had been entirely recorded,alternatively to (1), the user can obtain from the third content serverthe last current version of the content T2:T1:a and the correspondingkeys from the Keys Server, and independently to then obtain from thetransformations server the updates to apply on it.
Measuring the Contributions
Calculation of the Credit from which a User Profits
Measuring how much a given user contributes to a SCR, and how much itscontributions are appreciated or on the contrary refused by the otherusers.
Thus to each user a credit is allotted, initially this credit isneutral. Various actions of the users will modify this credit.
User's Credit
The credit of a user is increased when she contributes.
When a user changes branch (that is to say because of a refusal ofreplacement object or by explicit change), the last contributor of eachpart constituting previously displayed the object sees his own creditdecreasing, and the last contributor of each part constituting theselected object sees his credit increasing. Moreover one change ofbranch due to a refusal must cause a variation of user's credit morethan a manual change of branch (because this last operation does notnecessarily mean that the unselected contents are of bad quality).
In order to obtain more precise results these changes of credit will beweighted by the width of the concerned contents (thus a smallcontribution influences less the credit of its author).
Moreover, a larger weight will be given to the actions of the usershaving a higher (global) credit.
It should however be prevented that there exist methods for a user toincrease his own credit arbitrarily (alone or thanks to complices). Inparticular, if the simple fact of contributing contents made it possiblea user to increase his own credit, users could simply produce a greatquantity of meaningless data and thus increase their credit. Hereapproaches of solution:
If the contributed contents are refused by many users, the penalty islarger than the credit obtained by its creation.
The credit gained at the time of the creation of contents depends on anestimate of the number of users who will see it (in order to preventthat a user obtains credit by producing contents that nobody will read).A means of estimating this value is the number of users for which thebranch containing this object is selected. One can also take intoaccount the transclusions having this object or his parent as source inorder to count the users who will see an image of these new contents ina result of transclusion.
Lastly, (again as a function of the number of users who can access thesecontents) one fixes a maximum limit at the credit which can be obtainedby addition of contents. Beyond this limit, to contribute new contentsdoes not have an effect on the credit of the author.
Credit of Approval
The users contributing contents in a field followed per few other usersshould not be too penalized, because it is the field which is unpopularand not specifically the contributions of these users. The methoddescribed below shows how users can increase the credit of the userswhom they approve.
For each pair of users the “approval” of the first for the second ismaintained. To prevent that this has an exaggerated effect we alsolimits the quantity of credit which a user can create for another, bylimiting this factor between 0 and 1/n, where n gives an order ofmagnitude of the active number of users to see a resource.
When a user shows his interest for a contribution (by making atransclusion, or by selecting the corresponding branch, or simply byvisiting the resource containing the concerned object), the approval ofthe visitor for the author of the contribution increases.
In order to control the approvals, we can for example regularly decreasethem, with the result that when a user ceases showing his interest forthe contributions of another user, her approval for the other user willgradually decrease.
That is to say thus x being the credit of a user, and a1, a2, a3, etcapprovals on behalf of users having x1, x2, x3, etc as credit.x1<x2<x3<etc is supposed. To calculate the effective credit of the userone proceeds as follows.
The initial credit is K=x.
The following operation for i=1, i=2, etc is carried out
If K<x then K is replaced by K+(xi−K)*ai.
Thus, if the credit of the visitor is higher than the credit of theauthor of the contribution, the credit of latter is increased (whileavoiding of course carrying out this increase more than once for a samevisitor and contribution).
Application of the Method of Conduits of Propagation of Scores ofRelevance
One can adapt the process of the conduits of propagation of scores ofrelevance as described in WO05045698A2 to a structure of transclusionsas follows.
The basic idea is that the score of an object is related to what ispresent (visible, audible, . . . ) in this object (and if possiblewithin the meaning of these contents). One thus will place conduits (allof the same size) along the transclusions, propagating the score sincean object of the source in direction of his image in the result of thetransclusion. In the presence of internal transclusions, the conduitsare placed according to flows of information, i.e. for a result oftransclusion a conduit is placed only from the nearest candidate source.
When the source and the result of a transclusion are not in the samebranch, the size of the conduit is reduced, for example is fixed at halfof the size of a conduit not changing a branch, in order to reflect thefact that the replacement objects do not change a branch.
In order to suitably treat the changes carried out in a result oftransclusion, one also places conduits propagating the score of all theobjects in direction of their parents. This will cause that the parentswill have a score taking account of the average score of their children.Thus, if in a result of transclusion objects are added, modified orremoved, the score of the result of transclusion will be affectedconsequently.
Three applications are the following ones:
When an object receives many alternative contributions, the system canthus sort them by relevance (and to keep only the first ones), bycalculating the proximity of each contribution with the container¹⁷⁸,based on the credit of the contributors. ¹⁷⁸(possibly by taking ofaccount the navigation context of the user)
Secondly, the system can selectively place contents (such asadvertisements) in an object, according to their relevance with respectto the containing object (also based on the credit of the contributor).
Thirdly, one can also use the process describes in WO-03 057648 toselect annotations put on close resources. It should be noted that inthis last application, one can profit from the structure of the“positions” of the maximum homogeneous parts (described above) to placeinformation there allowing to determine how to present in a resource theannotations which appear in a close resource.
- Preliminary definitions. 9- Object, Resource. 10- SCR, collaboration server. 10- User. 11- Description. 12- Introduction. 12- Illustration of the principle of the method. 12- Versions of a collaborative resource, branches. 12- Viewing the alternative versions of a collaborative resource. 14- Derivation. 15- Categorization of the versions of collaborative resources. 15- Structural modifications, slots. 16- Managing the inconsistencies. 17- Merging branches. 18- Case of the single collaborative resource. 19- Transclusions. 19- Implementation. 19- Architecture. 19- Data Structures. 20- Constraints. 21- Algorithms. 21- Construction of the structure to present for a version of the collaborative resource. 22- Change of active branch. 22- Reaction to a modification. 22- Treatment of a creation of object. 23- Treatment of a refusal. 23- Management of the concurrent operations. 24- Restrictions of propagation. 24- Protection in reading. 25- Protection in writing. 25- One-way propagation. 25- Alternative: Versions of resources as Transclusions. 25- Illustration of the principle of the method. 26- Method of creation of the most elaborate objects. 26- Creation of derived resource. 27- The modifications are proposed upstream. 27- Example. 28- Initial situation of the example. 28- Determining the replacement object and the alternative objects. 29- Ignorance or acceptance (FIG. 26). 30- Refusal (FIG. 27 à 32). 30- Multiple derivations of the same resource (FIGS. 33 to 44). 31- Alternative to Rule 3 (FIG. 45). 32- Replacement/Enrichment of Grains (FIGS. 46 to 49). 32- Slots (FIG. 50). 35- Method of sorting of alternative objects by rating. 36- Method of sorting alternative objects by contextual relevance. 36- Method of replacement by Co-identification. 39- Method of transclusion. 38- Identifier. 38- Transclusion. 39- Implicit Transclusion, internal transclusion. 41- Equivalence of identifiers. 41- Calculation of the sources of an object. 42- Origin of information. 42- Distance de sources. 42- First method. 42- Calculation of the proximity of an object. 43- Second method. 43- Method of transclusion in “pull”. 43- Calculation of an object—local algorithm. 44- Calculation of a structure of objects—global algorithm. 44- Method of transclusion in “push”. 45- Mixed structures. 47- Centralized or in cascade architecture. 48- Propagation of the contributions in the branches. 49- An alternative method. 49- Behavior of the grains in the presence of transclusions. 53- Counters of activity. 51- Container objects, Merge-transclusion, automatic Placement. 52- Conditions associated with the transclusions. 54- Personalization architecture. 55- Replacements/Enrichments as proposals for acceptance. 57- Modes of use of the SCR. 58- Recommendation of Resources and of SCR. 2. Method accordingto claim 1, characterized in that the information of degree ofelaboration of an object derive from the chronology of the modificationsof the object, in that it is provided during the modification of anobject by a user, a step allowing other users to refuse the modifiedobject, and in that the assembly step is carried out with a version ofthe object selected depending on the existence or not of refusals. 3.Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises, when amodified version of an object is refused, the creation of two branchescontaining two alternative versions of the object, namely the modifiedversion and the unmodified version.
4. Method according to claim 3,characterized in that the step of assembling a resource including acertain version of the object in question is carried out with asignalling the existence of a version or alternative versions of saidobject.
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that it furthercomprises a step of selection, by a user accessing a version of theresource, of a certain alternative version of the object.
6. Methodaccording to claim 5, characterized in that more elaborate versions ofthe objects are formed independently for the various alternative objectsin each of the branches.
7. Method according to any one of claims 3 to6, characterized in that it further comprises the implementation ofmeans for computing scores of relevance of the various alternativeversions of the objects to selectively present the most relevantversions.
8. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that severalversions of a resource can be generated by users, and in that in theassembling step, the version of the object which is proposed is bydefault depending on the version of the resource.
9. Method according toclaim 1, characterized in that it is provided a step of inhibition ofthe use of an object in the assembling of a resource if a givencondition relative to this object or to another object of the resourceto be assembled is not met.
10. Method according to claim 9,characterized in that the contents of an object which use can beinhibited are encrypted, and in that the inhibition step comprises theinaccessibility to a decryption key.
11. Method according to the claim 9or 10, characterized in that the given condition is a condition ofpresence of at least one object of another resource.
12. Methodaccording to the claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the givencondition is a condition that the present object is unmodified. 13.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is implemented ina data-processing environment comprising: at least a content servercapable of providing providing object contents which can be assembled toform resources, a collaboration manager capable of managing the versionsof the resources and the versions of the objects which they contain, inat least one user station, an extension (plug-in) of an object anresource manipulation tool, capable of communicating with thecollaboration manager, and in t it comprises a step of checking of theauthenticity of the extension by the collaboration manager.
14. Methodaccording to claim 1, characterized in that the information of degree ofelaboration is capable of taking one among two values, namely “mostelaborate” or not.
15. Method according to the claim 14, characterizedin that the identification step comprises the search for objects (OR;OA) whose degree of elaboration has the value “most elaborate” among thedownstream objects successively modified starting from the object inquestion of the accessed resource.
16. Method according to claim 1,characterized in that the identification step comprises the search forobjects having a degree of elaboration higher than a limit among thedownstream objects successively modified starting from the object inquestion of the accessed resource.
17. Method according to any one ofclaims 1 to 16, characterized in that the search includes the search forobjects of highest degree(s) of elaboration by parsing the upstreamobjects by modification of which the object in question was obtained.18. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized inthat, in the case where the identification step has permitted toidentify several most elaborate objects, then the object assembling stepcomprises a sub-step of addition to the resource of informationsignalling the existence of such several objects (OA).
19. Methodaccording to claim 18, characterized in that the object selected for theassemblage in the resource is the most elaborate downstream object whichis the nearest in the succession.
20. Method according to claim 18 or19, characterized in that responsive to instructions of object changereceived from the user, the assembling step is capable of successivelyfor the assemblage most elaborate objects sorted according to anothercriterion such as a notation.
21. Method according to any one of claims18 to 20, characterized in that it is capable, in response to aselection instruction by a user, to use for the assemblage an objectdesignated by said instruction.
22. Method according to claims 20 and 21taken in combination, characterized in that it further comprises a stepof adjustment of the notation of the object according to an instructionof selection of this object by the user.
23. Method according to claim18 or 19, characterized in that the assembling step is capable of usingfor the assemblage an object selected according to another criterionsuch as a notation among all the most elaborate objects.
24. Methodaccording to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it isimplemented in combination with a server of preexisting contentsprovided with means of chronological management of versions of theobjects, and in that the step of identification of the most elaborateversion of an object is implemented from version information provided bysaid means of chronological management and from information ofcontribution by a user accessing the various versions of the resource,and in that it further comprises a step of presentation of the currentversion of the object in the content server.
25. Method implemented inassociation with storage means accessible in a data-processingenvironment to maintain up to date graphs of objects likely to beassembled to form resources accessible in the environment, characterizedin that the storage means are capable of storing in association withthese objects information of degree of elaboration, and in that themethod comprises the following steps: detecting the modification of anobject by a user, identifying owners of resources containing upstreamcorresponding objects, directing towards these owners a proposal ofacceptance or refusal of this modification, waiting for an answer fromthe owners, depending on the contents of at least the first answer,adjusting information of degree of elaboration of the objects. 26.Method according to claim 25, characterized in that the information ofdegree of elaboration can take one among two values, namely “mostelaborate” or not.
27. Method according to one from the claims 25 and26, characterized in that it further comprises a step consisting, inresponse to the detection of the modification of an object, intemporarily adjusting the information of degree of elaboration of theobjects, wherein this adjustment can be opposed or confirmed after atleast the first answer by the owners.
28. Method according to any one ofclaims 25 to 27, characterized in that, when a first answer ofacceptance is received from an owner, the modification is applied in theresource of said owner.
29. Method according to any one of claims 25 to28, characterized in that, when a first answer of refusal is receivedfrom an owner, then the adjustment step gives to the object immediatelyupstream of the modified object the highest degree of elaboration. 30.Method according to claim 29, characterized in that it furthercomprises, when a refusal answer is received, the addition to the graphof a branch containing an alternative version of the object, made of theobject including the modification.
31. Method according to the claim 29or 30, characterized in that it further comprises, when receiving ananswer of refusal of a modification carried out on an object which isnot most elaborate and in the event of incompatibility of themodification with at least one more elaborate object, the addition tothe graph of a branch containing an alternative version of the objectmade of the object including the modification or containing theincompatible object(s) and the objects modified from them.
32. Methodfor generating a new resource from an existing resource which has beenaccessed in a data-processing environment, characterized in that itcomprises the following steps: detecting the modification of an objectof the existing resource by a user, in response to this detection,generating a new resource presenting the same contents as the existingresource, applying the modifications to the object of said otherresource which corresponds to the object of the existing resource forwhich the modification has been detected.
33. Method according to claim32, characterized in that the step of generating a new resource iscarried out by transclusion from information associated to the existingresource.
34. Method implemented in association with storage meansaccessible in a data-processing environment to maintain up to dategraphs of objects likely to be assembled to form resources accessible inthe environment, characterized in that the storage means are capable ofstoring in association with each one of these objects information ofdegree of elaboration, and in that the method comprises the followingsteps: detecting the modification of an object by a user, in response tothis detection, generating a new resource presenting the same contentsas the existing resource, applying the modifications to the object ofsaid other resource which corresponds to the object of the existingresource for which the modification has been detected, identifyingowners of resources containing corresponding upstream objects, directingtowards these owners a proposal of acceptance or refusal of thismodification, waiting for an answer from the owners, depending on thecontents of at least the first answer, to adjust information of degreeof elaboration of the objects.
35. Method for propagating standardobject description information between various objects likely to beassembled to form resources displayable in a user interface within adata-processing environment, characterized in that with each object areassociated description meta-data, and in that the method comprises thefollowing steps: entering in a propagation mode under the initiative ofthe user, selecting an object which description meta-data are desired tobe borrowed, selecting at least one other object to allocate thereto thesame description meta-data.
36. Method according to claim 35,characterized in that the user interface is adapted to hide mask for theuser the description meta-data.
37. Method for making accessible tothird parties within a data-processing environment a resource containingat least one object derived from another resource, characterized in thatit comprises the following steps: detecting a request by a user formodifying the object, in response to this detection, generating in thedata-processing environment a request to an owner of the said otherresource in order to authorize the accessibility of the modified object,depending on the answer received from the owner, selectively authorizingor not accessibility.
38. Method according to claim 37, characterized inthat a common request is generated for a plurality of objects derivedfrom resources belonging to the same owner.
39. Computer resource forthe implementation of the method according to claim 37 or 38, comprisinga set of objects and accessible through a data-processing environment,characterized in that an object content publishing constraint meta-datais stored in association with at least some of the objects, allowing toselectively control its modification and/or its accessibility by thirdparties within derived resources.
40. Resource according to claim 39,characterized in that the publishing constraint meta-data comprise atleast a meta-data selected in the group comprising meta-data ofauthorization/prohibition of modification, meta-data ofauthorization/prohibition of access by third parties to unmodified ormodified objects, and meta-data for contacting an decision authority.41. Resource according to the claim 39 or 40, characterized in that itis structured in the form of a tree structure of objects, in that apublishing constraint meta-data is stored in association with at leastcertain nodes of the tree structure, and in that a publishing constraintmeta-data at a node applies to the child nodes of the node in question.42. Method for making accessible to third parties within adata-processing environment a resource containing at least an objectderived from another resource, characterized in that publishingconstraint meta-data may be associated to the objects and stored in thedata processing environment, these meta-data being likely to contain anidentification of an owner of an object from which the above-mentionedobject must be derived, and in that the method comprises the followingsteps: detecting that an object contained in a resource which a userwishes to access is derived from another resource, detection of theexistence in the data-processing environment of meta-data of constraintof publishing of the object in question, in the affirmative, readingsaid meta-data, detecting the presence in said meta-data of anidentification of an decision authority, in the affirmative, sending tosaid authority thus identified a request for authorization ofaccessibility by third parties, and if an acceptance of said request isreceived, providing the resource to said third parties.
43. Methodaccording to claim 42, characterized in that the provision of theresource is a publication.
44. Method according to the claim 42 or 43,characterized in that it comprises the intermediate step consisting,between sending the request and receiving an authorization or a refusal,a step of provisionally assembling the resource with an object formed byan extract of the object which is sought to be derived.
45. Methodaccording to claim 44, characterized in that, when the object is a textobject, said extract is made according to quotation right legalcriteria.
46. Method for quantitatively estimating the activity ofobjects in a data-processing environment, this environment giving accessto resources made by assembling objects, at least some of the objectsbeing capable of being generated by derivation of preexisting objectsand modification of the objects thus derived, method characterized inthat it comprises the following steps: identifying the most upstreamobjects intended to be derived, so that this identification propagatesto the objects derived therefrom, counting the numbers of derivations ofthe most upstream objects and the objects which have been derivedtherefrom.
47. Method according to claim 46, characterized in that itfurther comprises a step of grouped counting of consultations of themost upstream objects and of the objects which have been derivedtherefrom.
48. Method according to the claim 46 or 47, characterized inthat the most upstream objects are objects for advertising purposes. 49.Method according to any one of claims 46 to 48, characterized in thatthe most upstream objects are capable of being derived without beingcapable of being modified.
50. Data-processing environment forimplementing a method according to one of the claims 1 to 38 or 42 to49, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of servers connectedin an array, capable of containing information of derivation betweenobjects and of degree of elaboration markings, each server being capableof receiving a request in order to indicate object identifiers on thebasis of said information, and being capable of redirecting such requesttowards another server in the case where it is not capable of respondingto said request.
51. A method for managing variable content resources ina data-processing environment, each resource comprising a set of objectsand at least some of these objects being presented in a resource asforming an object transcluded individually or as a part of a largertranscluded object from a source object, possibly via one or moreintermediate transcluded objects, so that a modification made to thesource object can be propagated up to said transcluded object, themethod being characterized: in that the data-processing environment iscapable of storing transclusion information based on object identifiers,information from which source objects can be presented in transcludedobjects, and in that the method comprises the step consisting, duringthe modification of an object, in generating or updating, for eachobject transcluded from said object, a source object identifier to betaken into account for this transcluded object, depending on informationof distance between the modified object and said transcluded object. 52.A method for managing variable content resources in a data-processingenvironment, each resource comprising a set of objects and at least someof these objects being presented in a resource as forming an objecttranscluded individually or as a part of a larger transcluded objectfrom a source object, possibly via one or more intermediate transcludedobjects, so that a modification made to the source object can bepropagated up to the transcluded object, the method being characterized:in that the data-processing environment is capable of storingtransclusion information based on identifiers of objects, informationfrom which source objects can be presented in transcluded objects, andin that the method comprises the step consisting, when an object ispresented, in determining, for each object transcluded from said object,a source object identifier to be taken into account for this transcludedobject, depending on information of distance between the modified objectand said transcluded object.
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US-24015351-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Arc welding apparatus
Dec. 2, 1952 Q VOLFF 2,620,422
ARC WELDING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 5, 1951 Patented Dec. 2, 1952 2,620,422 ARC WELDING APPARATUS Charles Volf, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, assignor to LAir Liquide, Societe Anonyme pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude,
Paris, France Application August s, 1951, serial No. 240,153 In France August 31, 1950 6 Claims.
My invention has, as a main object, van apparatus for welding and a process for its use, more particularly for facilitating the starting and the stabilizaiton of a welding arc between an electrode Surrounded by a hollow insulating piece and a workpiece for use with alternating or di` rect current, the insulating piece being a gas nozzle in case a shielding gas is fed around the electrode.
More specifically, it is an object of the invention to provide in such cases an intermediate high frequency arc or spark discharge produced between the electrode and the work piece.
Another object is to provide a luminous or corona discharge produced around the electrode and elongated towards the work, thus enabling a high frequency arc or spark discharge to appear for the initiation of the welding arc at a distance, that is without the end of the electrode touching the work piece.
Another object is to initiate and sustain the luminous or corona discharge when the electrode lis maintained far apart from the work piece, the
rounded with a stream of shielding gas, forinstance l a monoatomic gas vsuch as argon or helium.
Heretofore the initiation of the welding arc is usually obtained by a high frequency produced by a spark gap generator. Regulations prohibiting the generation of stray waves which are liable to disturb radio transmissions and generally all applications of radio-frequency waves make it necessary to use high frequency generators having a well defined and stable frequency, and such conditions can be met easily only by generators utilizing electronic tubes.
In case such generators are used, the obtention of a high frequency voltage on the electrode, high enough to allow the initiation of the welding arc at a distance, requires a very high frequency voltage which is difcult to obtain and requires high power generators or complicated devices.
The present invention obviates these drawbacks and is particularly suitable for the use of electronic high frequency generators.
The invention may be briefly summarized as follows. It comprises an arc welding apparatus which has an electrode connected to a Welding current source of which the other pole is connected to the workpiece. The electrode is surrounded by an insulating piece. An electrically conducting ring surrounds the exterior of the in sulating piece. There are respective direct connections between the electrode and the workpiece and respective poles of a high frequency generator producing continuous waves. There is anindirect connection between the conducting ring and the pole of the high frequency generator which is connected to the workpiece. which connection includes a capacitor having a high reactance to the welding current. The distance between the electrode and the conducting ring in respect of the high frequency potential is sufficiently high'to produce a luminous discharge around the electrode. The ring is placed on the front part of the insulating piece whereby it is adapted to produce the luminous discharge around the front part of the electrode.
The accompanying drawing shows by way of example an apparatus for carrying out this invention, the single figure being a diagrammatic view of said apparatus.
The reference numeral l denotes an electrode made for instance of nonconsumable metal which is supported by an electrode-holder vor welding torch 2 terminated by an electrically insulating nozzle 3 surrounding the extremity of electrode I to provide in the annular space 4 the passage of an inert shielding gas for shielding the are. Electrode l is connected to a transformer 6 furnishing the welding current and to a winding 'l in which is induced the high frequency current (for instance l0 megacycles) produced by a generator not Shown.
The insulating nozzle 3 is surrounded in its front part by a conducting ring 9 connected either to the welding current conductor I0 which assures the return of current from the piece to be welded to the transformer or to the work I3 to be welded. This conductor I3 is preferably placed on the exterior of the insulating material body I5 of the apparatus. In order to avoid welding current passing through this conductor, a condenser ll is branched between ring 9 and return cable IU; this condenser must show a low impedance at the high frequency which is utilized and a high impedance at the frequency of the welding current. The high frequency voltage of the high frequency generator thus appears between electrode l and ring 9 and there is produced for a sulicient high frequency voltage a 3 luminous discharge or corona surrounding the electrode. When the electrode is far from the work, the luminous discharge shows the form 8 shown by full lines; when the electrode is neared to the v\zork,.thev luminous zone becomes longer towa-rdsthework due to the l'iig'hipotential` gradient existing between the electrode and the work than between the electrode and the ring and assumes the form 8' shown in dotted lines. This lengthening gives rise to an intermediatelhghj frequency arc or spark discharge, thentoya welding arc as soon as the distancezbetween-*electrode and piece has become small enough.
In order to avoid the formation of an arc' between electrode I and ring 9 the front part II of the insulating nozzle 3 mustproject relatively-.to the ring so that the path I2 around thefnozzleS along which the high frequency spark1between electrode and said ring could strike is longer than .the sparking distancebetween electrode andv ring 'fonthelhighjfrequency voltage whichis utilized. .Thesame method can be utilized with a highifrequency .voltage which'. is .insuiiicient vfor obtaining the self,.striking of .the corona discharge'when the electrode is cold. "In 'that case* the "corona discharge .iscause'dpto be struckV by .touchingwith .the electrode.evenplaced'farfromthe work a metallic `Vpiece whichis preferablyiinsulate'd as .tol'thewelding circuiti having a' low capacity rela- .,tivly to `the ground, Lthis lpiecephaving ,possibly Lhowevenafew square. surface centimeterspfor instance. alfountainpen clip kor the metallic part .-.ofascrewidriver with aninsulatinghandle. The electrodethus surrounded by'ithe luminous clis-V ,charge' is .then neare'djto the .work and lthev welding.a1'c iis then .struckin'` the same manner as vabove described.
.The'jinsulating, body orhandle M' is surrounded lby. ametallicperforated screen l 6 connected to the ground .by conductor H.
Fromtheaboveit will be seen that withoutthe presence ofthe ,metallic ring S the luminous or Vcorona .discharge .whichpcan be easily started'by :contacting the .electrode with ya'-metall:icf iliece such as ltheweldingtable, maintains 'bydtse'lf onlyiif the electrode remains'linthei neighbour-1.
4 rounding the exterior of the said insulating piece, said electrode and said workpiece having respective direct connections to the respective poles of a high frequency generator producing continuous waves, an indirect connection only between said ring and the pole of said high*t frequency generator which is connected to the'workpiece, said in- ,direct connection including a capacitor having "a high reactance to the welding current, the distanceibetween the electrode and the ring in respect ofthe high frequency potential being sufyficientlyhigh to produce a luminous discharge laround#the-"electrode, said ring being placed on Athe frontjpart'of the insulating piece whereby it is adapted to produce the said luminous discharge .around theiront part of the electrode.
thus providing for the possible ydischargebetween the electrode and the metallic piece, ta'pathin the'air longer than'the sparkingdischarge distance at the highirequency voltage lexisting between said electro'de and said ring.
5. An arc welding apparatus, according to v--claim l, in which'saidconnection isto theV ground a through 4an electric Aconductor anda capacitor in series `with said -conductonf--the lcapaci-torhaving a lhigh reactance Ato the welding-current and-a small reactance tofthe high Afrequency current.
6. An arc YWelding `apparatus according 4to claim 1, having an insulating handle, in-which v said connection is toi the ground throug-hjanselecltric conductorandsa capacitor inY seriesew-it-h'said conductor, vthe conductor-beingplaced'alongz the exterior surface of `the Yinsulating handle.
CHARLES VOLFF.
REFERENCES Y CITED The. following references .are -.,of. record in the :.ile of this ,patenti UNITED STATES- PATENTS Number kName `Date 2,423,515 Morris vrJu1y18; 1950 2,516,016 Pakala iJulyf8,-1950 2,516,037 Williams July-18,1950 2,532,807
Girard Dec. 5,11'0.
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github_open_source_100_1_511 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package utils_test
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
"time"
utils "github.com/Laisky/go-utils"
"github.com/Laisky/zap"
jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
"github.com/kataras/iris"
)
var json = jsoniter.ConfigCompatibleWithStandardLibrary
func ExampleConfigSrv() {
var (
url = "http://config-server.un.org"
app = "appname"
profile = "sit"
label = "master"
)
c := utils.NewConfigSrv(&utils.ConfigServerCfg{
URL: url,
App: app,
Profile: profile,
Label: label,
})
c.Get("management.context-path")
c.GetString("management.context-path")
c.GetBool("endpoints.health.sensitive")
c.GetInt("spring.cloud.config.retry")
}
var fakeConfigSrvData = map[string]interface{}{
"name": "app",
"profiles": []string{"profile"},
"label": "label",
"version": "12345",
"propertySources": []map[string]interface{}{
map[string]interface{}{
"name": "config name",
"source": map[string]string{
"profile": "profile",
"key1": "abc",
"key2": "123",
"key3": "true",
},
},
},
}
func RunMockConfigSrv(port int, fakadata []byte) {
httpsrv := iris.New()
httpsrv.Get("/app/profile/label", func(ctx iris.Context) {
if _, err := ctx.Write(fakadata); err != nil {
utils.Logger.Panic("try to return fake data got error", zap.Error(err))
}
})
// run mock config-server
addr := fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%v", port)
utils.Logger.Debug("run config-server", zap.String("addr", addr))
if err := httpsrv.Run(iris.Addr(addr)); err != nil {
utils.Logger.Panic("try to run server got error", zap.Error(err))
}
}
func TestConfigSrv(t *testing.T) {
jb, err := json.Marshal(fakeConfigSrvData)
if err != nil {
utils.Logger.Panic("try to marshal fake data got error", zap.Error(err))
}
port := 24951
addr := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%v", port)
go RunMockConfigSrv(port, jb)
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
var (
profile = "profile"
label = "label"
app = "app"
name = "app"
)
c := utils.NewConfigSrv(&utils.ConfigServerCfg{
URL: addr,
Profile: profile,
Label: label,
App: app,
})
if err := c.Fetch(); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("init ConfigSrv got error: %+v", err)
}
t.Logf("got cfg name: %v", c.Cfg.Name)
t.Logf("got cfg profile: %v", c.Cfg.Profiles[0])
t.Logf("got cfg source name: %v", c.Cfg.Sources[0].Name)
if c.Cfg.Name != name {
t.Fatalf("cfg name error")
}
// check interface
if val, ok := c.Get("key1"); !ok {
t.Fatal("need to check whether contains `k1`")
} else if val.(string) != "abc" {
t.Fatal("`k1` should equal to `abc`")
}
// check int
if val, ok := c.GetInt("key2"); !ok {
t.Fatalf("need to check whether contains `key2, but got %v", val)
} else if val != 123 {
t.Fatalf("`key2` should equal to `123`, but got %v", val)
}
// check string
if val, ok := c.GetString("key1"); !ok {
t.Fatal("need to check whether contains `key1`")
} else if val != "abc" {
t.Fatal("`key1` should equal to `abc`")
}
// check bool
if val, ok := c.GetBool("key3"); !ok { // "true"
t.Fatal("need to check whether contains `key3`")
} else if val != true {
t.Fatal("`key3` should equal to `true`")
}
}
func init() {
utils.SetupLogger("debug")
}
|
sn99062010_1917-01-11_1_3_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | Use of FUIDS BY OFFICIALS URGED South Dakota Legislator Presents Bill to Shaw Needs of State Institutions Before Making Appropriations. PAYS HIGH PRICE FOR AUTOS State Buys Used Machines For Price of New Ones, It Is Reported at South Dakota Capital. Pierre, S. D. Jan. 9.—Representative Barclay, of Clark county, introduced a resolution today providing for a special investigation of the appropriation needs of the state institutions and for investigation of items charged against former appropriations. The intent of the resolution is to have the investigation made by a small committee made up from the appropriation committees of the house and senate. It is provided that the investigating committee shall have power to summon witnesses and to compel them to testify under oath. Mr. Barclay's move is based upon various reports in circulation that institution officers have been dissipating appropriations for personal profit and in promotion of personal prerequisites. Those alleged abuses lead into hundreds of different channels. One board member is said to have bought second-hand automobiles for people under his jurisdiction, paying new car prices. It is held that such transactions either involves questionable judgment or questionable agreements. There is strong support indicated for the proposed investigation and if this resolution is adopted some peculiar conditions may be brought to light. GETS INTEREST N'S DEPOSITS New Phase of Old Case Makes $20,000 More Available to wards Satisfying Judgment. Washington, Jan. 9.—In a new phase, the old Danbury Hatters' case, the supreme court today decided that Oietrich E. Loewe, Danbury, Conn., hat manufacturer and not the United Hatters' union is entitled to $20,000 in interest accrued on union hatters' savings bank deposits attached toward satisfying Loewe's $353,000 judgment secured under the Sherman law for union boy rioting in 1903. AUTHENTIC PORTRAITS OF CHRIST DISCOVERED New York, Jan. 8.—Portraits of Christ and the Apostles, which it is believed may be authentic, are on an old chalice dug up from the ruins of Antioch and now in the possession of a firm of art dealers in this city, it became known tonight. The chalice, according to the dealers, came directly to them from the hands of the excavators in 1910. It can be dated with certainty to the scene half of the First century A.D., says Dr. Gustavus A. Kisen, the archaeologist, who is now in this country, and who has made a preliminary report upon it in the American Journal of Archaeology. It was found by Arabs digging a well in Antioch on the Arontes Syria. AFRAID OF PNEUMONIA? STAY ON WATER WAGON New York, Jan. 8.—To combat the spread of bronchial diseases which have caused a large increase in the number of deaths during the last week, the health department began today the distribution throughout the city of Thousands of circulars warning against the use of alcohol in any form. The circular states that alcohol is one of the most powerful allies of the pneumonia germ, and that even moderate drinkers who contract the disease are less likely to recover than are alstainers. Same Decision Upholds West Virginia Law Against Shipping Liquor Into State For Personal Use. Washington, D.C., Jan. 9.—The Webb-Kenyon law, designed to prevent liquor shipments from "wet" to "dry" states, was today declared constitutional by the supreme court by a vote of seven to two, which also upheld West Virginia's prohibition amendment prohibiting citizens from receiving liquor for personal use, shipped by common carriers in interstate commerce. "The all-reaching power of government over liquor is settled," said the chief justice in announcing the decision. "There was no intention of Congress to forbid individual use of liquor. The purpose of this act was to cut out the roots, the practice of permitting violations of state liquor laws. Wayne 73, H. Wheeler, counsel for the Anti-Saloon League of America, who with Fred Blue, State prohibition commissioner of West Virginia, argued the case before the court, made this statement on the court's decision: "The states may now prohibit the possession, receipt, sale and use of intoxicating liquor and not be hampered by legislation." Legislative Houses Organize While They Wait to Learn Who Is Governor. Phoenix, Ariz., Jan. 8.—By agreement of attorneys, further arguments in the supreme court in the mandamus proceedings, brought by Governor Campbell to compel Governor Hunt to give up possession of the executive offices, was postponed until Thursday. Predictions on all sides that the contest for president of the senate would be close were made today before the third state legislature convened. D. E. Clarke, of Graham County, is being supported by members opposed to Governor Hunt, while Mulford Wilson of Yuma, is the Hunt candidate. Leaders said the Hunt and anti-Hunt forces each had seven votes, while the votes of five republican members of the senate were in doubt. These will elect a president. In the house, the division in the contest for speaker also was close. The anti-Hunt wing of the party declined to enter a caucus and will support Tony Johns, of avapa for speaker. Former U. S. Revenue Officials Said to Have Conspired With Others In Sale of Untaxed Liquor. Fort Smith, Ark., Jan. 9.—The trials of four former officers of the United States internal revenue service, charged with being implicated in a gigantic "moonshine" conspiracy, which, officials allege, was carried on here for years almost within the shadow of the government building, are set for the term of the United States court that opens here today. The defendants are Thomas C. McCoy, former internal revenue agent of Asheville, N.C. James H. Surber, former internal revenue agent of Atlanta, Ga. A. W. Williams, Fayetteville, Ark., former gauger, and Newton C. Spradling, Aurora, Mo., former gauger. "Squeals," Wins Pardon. In addition to these defendants, there are similar indictments, subject to call at the Coming term, against Guy L. Hartman, of Farmington, N.C. Moses B. Brock, of Salisbury, N.C. J.W. Grider, of Sonora, Ark., a former gauger, and John L. Casper. One latter pleaded guilty here, last January, and was sentenced to nine years in the federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kan. Telegrams received here December 22 said Casper had been pardoned. Government agents declare they have evidence, obtained from Casper and others, that the moonshine conspiracy dates back a score of years, having originated in North Carolina and spread through half a dozen states. It is charged, the conspiracy, ended here in the spring of 1914, after the government had lost from $3,000,000 to $6,000,000, because the moonshiners disposed of whisky on which the customary tax of $1.10 a gallon was not paid. CLERK'S TRIAL RECALLS MAE TANZER'S CHARGES New York, Jan. 8—The trial of Franklin D. Safford, clerk of a Plainfield, N.J., hotel, who was convicted of perjury for swearing that James W. Osborne had registered at the hotel with Miss Rue Tanker and whose conviction was set aside, was on the calendar of the United States district court here today. The case is the first of the trials growing out of the celebrated Rae Tanser complication, in which Mr. Osborne and Charles H. Wax played important parts. Wax, after his recent arrest in Chicago, asserted that he, and not James W. Osborne, was the man Miss Tanzer knew as "Oliver Osborne," and who accompanied her to Plainfield. Wax, it is expected, will be the principal witness for the prosecution. OUTLIVING HIS MEANS, FINALSON, 105, DIES Wrangell, Alaska, Jan. 8.—John Finlayson, a famous explorer, for whom Finlayson river and Finlayson lake in Yukon territory were named, is dead, aged 105. His age was well authenticated. Finlayson was a native of Scotland. Many years ago he retired to Wrangell, with what he supposed was a sum ample to meet all his needs, but he had not expected to attain so great an age and two years ago he was obliged to apply to the Pioneers' home at Sitka for a pension to which he was entitled by law. SCHNAPS SALE REDUCED 50 PER CENT BY ORDER Stockholm, Sweden, Jan. 8.—The new liquor restrictions, reported some weeks ago, have already cut down the retail sales of "schnaps" (Swedish brandy) in Stockholm, roundly 50 per cent according to Dr. Bratt, head of the "System company." It is believed also that the consumption in restaurants has been materially reduced. REFUSES TO DRILL EXPELLED FROM SCHOOL New York, Jan. 8.—Daniel Uffner, aged 17, insists he was expelled from the New Rochelle high school because he objected to military training. Walter D. Head, its principal, declared the boy refused to go through drills and left the institution of his own free will. ALLIES AGREED AGAIN. Rome, (via Paris), Jan. 8.—The conference between the members of the entente allied governments was Brought to a close this afternoon, it is announced that the conference established once again the complete unity of the views of the entente allies on the various questions down for discussion and that the statesmen present will leave Rome with a strong resolution to introduce greater coordination in their efforts for the successful issue of the war. I a 4 & -if Vs. K* IN HEAR RIGA Seriin Admits They Retain the Growad Captured on Aa River —Eepulses Elsj**vhere. Berlin ()jy wireless to Sayville) Jars: —Russian troops made another at tack yesterday with strong forces on the northern end of the *lusso-Galician front, near the Gulf of Riga. Today's official statement Says the Russians succeeded in gaining more ground on the Aa river, but elsewhere were re pulsed. Field Marshal von Mackensen nas broken through the strongly defended barrier before the River Sereth, which the Russians had constructed at Fok shani, and has captured that Important Rumanian town, and taken nearly 4,000 prisoners and three guns in the process. .The Russians also have lost, ground further north along the Moldavian frontier between the Putna and Oituz valleys, Berlin -annoiinces. Towards the Danube "from Fokshani, however, the latest reports showed a Russian offensive of some importance which admittedly had succeeded in gaining ground from Van Mackensen's force. In the Franco-Belgian front patrol and aviation operations are featured in the war office statements. Berlin re ports considerable aviation activities and announces the bringing down ..six hostile airplanes during the day. Fokshani Falls to Teutons. The Russians and Rumanians wer« dislodged yesterday from strongly for tified positions over a considerable front in southern Moldavia, the war office announces. The important Ru manian town of Fokshani has been captured and nearly 4,000 prisoners taken. GIRL'S SLAYER Letters Show Lewis' Death May Have Been From Other Causes and Probe Is Renewed. Philadelphia, Jan. 8.—District Attorney Samuel P. Rotan, who on Saturday expressed the belief that Marie Colbert, the advertising art model, was killed by Bernard W. Lewis, of Pittsburgh, Pa., who committed suicide at Atlantic City as detectives were about to arrest him, today summoned many persons whose names have been linked with the case in the hope of definitely establishing the identity of the murderer and the nature of the motive. Included among those summoned were detectives who have been working on the mysterious case. Others included relatives of the dead girl, a police magistrate, who is said to have been acquainted with Miss Colbert and several wealthy young men known to have been friendly with her. Letters alleged to have been written by Lewis in the middle of December to relatives and friends in Pittsburgh that he was about to commit suicide because he had made a failure of life, raised a doubt in the minds of some interested in the case that Lewis may have had no connection with the murder. Olympia, Wash., Jan. 9.—Albert Blancett, who was recently arrested at Friday Harbor, Wash., on advices from Albuquerque, N.M., for the alleged murder of Clyde Armour, of Sioux City, la., said today he "would resist extradition to New Mexico. J.R. Galusha, chief of police of Albuquerque, is here with extradition papers and the hearing of his application for the return of the prisoner will be held by Governor Lister, Tuesday morning. Blancett and Armour were making an automobile trip together and Blancett after Armour's death is said to have stolen the automobile and several hundred dollars belonging to his traveling companion. WHEAT GOES TO $2 CORN PASSES $1 MARK Export Demand and Domestic Milling Needs Responsible —Barley Jumps to $1. Chicago, Jan. 8.—For the first time war prices on wheat here touched today a long predicted $2 a bushel. No. 2 red winter wheat, for immediate delivery, was sold at that price, an advance of about 5 cents since Saturday. Pressing demand for shipment to Europe and for domestic milling needs were generally accepted reasons for change. Simultaneously with the ascent of wheat, other grain went soaring. The corn market jumped above $1 a bushel and barley touched $1.00. YANKTON COUNTY PLAN KILLEO IN RUNAWAY Special to The Tribune: Yankton, S. D., Jan. 8.—Neli Brudvig, aged 74 years, a pioneer farmer was instantly killed here at noon, when thrown from a buggy to the curbing in a runaway, leaves a wife, three sons, and a daughter. The report by the Overseas News agency that Ambassador Gerard, at a public welcome back to Germany, had said that "never since the beginning of the war had the relations between the United States and Germany been so cordial as now." were felt. ally inquired into by the state department today through a cable to the ambassador personally. It was indicated the report as quoted did not convey a true view of German American relations, which have commonly been described as strained through the recent submarine activities. Officials in making the announcement of the inquiry, refused to add any further comment except that they "vislied to know exactly what he said. The action of the department was interpreted as evidence of the importance attached to the possible effect of such an utterance especially upon public opinion in the allied countries where published reports have shown an impression that the president's note was in some way connected with the central powers' peace proposal. Every effort has been made to dispel that belief. Old Officers Preside at Opening of House and Senate— Clarke's Message to Be Feature Tuesday. Des Moines, Iowa, Jan. 8.—M. B. Pitt, of Harrison county, who was formally inducted into the office of speaker of the house at the first session of the state legislature here today, declared himself in favor of a 70-day session, which is about 80 days shorter than the average session of the state assembly. Outside of Pitt's address to the house only routine business occupied the members at the opening of the 37th general assembly of Iowa. Pitt emphasized the need for economy and speed in the session. Both houses formerly elected officers, which had been nominated at the caucus Saturday. Des Moines, Iowa, Jan. 8.—The 37th general assembly convened this morning at 10 o'clock. The senate was called to order by Governor-elect Harding, who is still lieutenant governor. He will turn affairs over to Senator W. H. Arney as soon as his selection for president pro tempore is approved by the senate. The president pro tempore will preside until Thursday, when Lieutenant Governor Moore takes the oath of office. In the house, James B. Weaver, representative from Polk county, presided at the opening session. The house will elect M. B. Pitt as speaker, as decided in the republican caucus, and he will immediately take up his duties as presiding officer. The general assembly finished all business before noon and adjourned until 10 o'clock Tuesday. Tuesday Sessions. The big feature of the Tuesday session will be the reading of the message by Governor Clarke to the joint session in the afternoon. The governor has put in much time on the message and it is said to be the longest ever sent to the Iowa assembly. He will read it himself. It will contain recommendations concerning roads, finances, schools, and other topics. The message will be accompanied by the budget for the state departments. CHRISTIAN SCIENTISTS NEED NO LICENSE California's Law Exempting Them, But Requiring It From Certain Others, Upheld. Washington, Jan. 8.—Without deciding constitutional questions, the supreme court today affirmed the refusal of California federal courts to enjoin enforcement of California's medical practice law requiring a license for "drugless practitioners." The law exempts Christian Scientists. The ruling leaves it in full force and operation. The court also dismissed an appeal attacking. The validity of California's law regulating practice of optometry and requiring licensing of drugless opthalonologists, but exempting regularly licensed physicians and surgeons. MAIL ORDER CHURCH THREE MONTHS LATE Chicago, Jan. 8.—Queer things have happened to churches by flood, fire, storm or battle, but it remained for Windsor Park Congregational church to be lost, strayed, stolen or delayed in transmission. Members of this suburban congregation last summer picked a likely-looking edifice out of the catalog of an eastern house which manufactures portable buildings. Last October the day of dedication was set, but the church did not arrive. Since then investigators have from time to time revived hope as to the dedication, but seven times the day has been set only to lead to disappointment. Today the church was said to be actually in the railroad yards, and faith triumphing over experience, has been set the date of dedication, this time for January 14. SAVES WOMAN ALMOST TWO, THEN LOSES LIFE Segum, Tex., Jan. 8.—Mrs. Dolor Zerrabia had almost pulled to safety his husband and son overcoming today. Damp gas in a well, when the son back, pulling his mother with him. Both were killed. The older man, however, denied that he had any knowledge of the incident. Washington, Jan. 8.—Thomas W. Lawson told the committee that a member of congress had told him a member of the cabinet had speculated on the falling market caused by the leak, but he flatly refused to give the committee the name of the cabinet member or of the member of congress who told him. Washington, D.C., Jan. 8.—Thomas W. Lawson, whose startling declarations regarding the alleged "leak" in connection with the president's peace note probably caused the investigation to determine if there was a "leak," now under way here, created an uproar in the committee room when he took the stand this morning. He refused to be interrupted in his statement by members of the House rules committee and insisted that he'd take whatever penalty was provided for saying what he pleased. Lawson followed Mr. Lansing. Told by Chairman Henry that he might "proceed in his own way for the present," Mr. Lawson asked if he were to be stopped at any point in his talk. Mr. Henry said that would depend on whether he confined himself to the subject before the committee. Crowd Yells at Lawson. "My name is Thomas W. Lawson," he said. "My home is Boston. My occupation, you might say, is that of a farmer." The crowd burst into a roar of laughter and Lawson hastened to explain. "I don't say I am a farmer to be facile," he said. "In a way also I am connected with financial matters." "I will give testimony," he said, "regarding the damnable condition which has existed for two years, for the purpose of finding remedy for conditions which caused hundreds of thousands of persons to be driven to enormous losses." Lawson flew into a rage after he had proceeded for half an hour when interrupted by Representative Chappell. He declared he proposed to say all he had to say regardless of consequences. "What's the penalty?" he shouted, "and I'll take it in advance." The committee room was in an uproar and Representative Henry threatened to clear it and hold the proceedings in executive session. Lawson gesticulated, shook his finger in Representative Chiperfield's face and loudly declared he, as an American citizen, would see to it that he got his rights. Jerry South, clerk of the House, pulled Mr. Lawson back into his chair until order could be restored. Common, Lawson Says. Lawson, pacing up and down before the committee, declared that all he had said in the public press regarding the leak he believed to be true. "I repeat it all now," he declared. "It is one of the commonest things in Wall Street, advance information from Washington about government affairs, affairs of such importance that they frequently affect the country's securities. I mean all leaks from the supreme court, advance information on important Senate matters, advance information on important Senate matters, action of congressional committees, cabinet affairs and advance information direct from the White House itself." From that he led into charges of a "premeditated, deliberately figured out, deliberately worked out robbery of the American people, through United States stock gamblers." He said he knew who was responsible for the leak and reiterated he was convinced the committee did not want an investigation. He reviewed his recent trip to Washington. "I came to Washington," said he, "to aid in an honest investigation, only to have hell lambasted out of me as soon as congress convened. Promptly when the Senate met, a leather-mouthed old blatherskite—" The chairman stopped Lawson there and then followed a row between Lawson and Representative Chiperfield, which was unintelligible even to the official stenographer. Chairman Henry rapped for order and Lawson roared: "I don't propose to be bulldozed and I will not be intimidated." Finally, after more wrangling, by a unanimous vote of the committee all of Lawson's heated speech was struck from the record. The chairman then began to question him. "You stated that there was a leak. Will you give the committee the name of the person who carried the leak to Wall street from Washington?" Lawson replied that the way he could give the identity of the bearer of the leak would be to violate a confidence, and he could not do so. "Do you know any names?" demanded Chairman Henry. "Not in a legal sense." "Do you know of any in any sense?" "I know there was a leak," Lawson said, "and knowing there was a leak, I must have some information." Admits He Profited. "Do you know any persons who profited on the day of the leak?" "I probably do," Lawson said. "I probably profited myself." He declined to say how much. By a process of elimination, Chairman Henry drew from the witness that he knew of no one at the White House connected with the leak. Asked if he knew of any leak in the secretary of state's office, Mr. Lawson replied: "I have no information regarding anyone in the state department, which I would give in public. I would give it to the chairman. But you don't need any more information than you have to warrant an investigation." Fills Into Rage When Stopped as He Calls Senators "Sewing Mouthed Blatherskites," and When Quiet Is Restored Clines to Tell Names of Those Who Gave Information "Blunder Up Record With Names to Finish For Newspapers." PRESIDENT ABSOLVES TUMULTY OF ALL BLAME Lansing Tells of Physical Work on Peace Note Going Into Detail on Preparation of It For Cable, But Declines to Tell of Conversation With Others Since Taking Rumors and Is Upheld By Chairman—New York Man Heard Talk of Note. "Will you give them to me?" asked the chairman. "No, I will not give them at all, as it is absolutely necessary." "The chair requests you now to give me the names," continued Mr. Henry. "I started out with the determination and I say again that I will not blunder up your record with names to furnish headlines for the newspapers." "Then you flatly decline?" "Yes, I decline to furnish names given to me by others—not now." Secretary Tumulty's statement follows: "I appear before this committee to represent the unjust intimation that I gave, information to B. M. Baruch, in regard to the co-called peace note sent to the European belligerents last month by the secretary of state. This intimation was contained in a statement made to this committee by Representative Wood, of Indiana, a man whom I do not know. To the best of my knowledge I have never met Mr. Wood. Certainly he made no effort to find out the truth from me before dragging my name into this affair. Says He Didn't Know It. I wish to deny generally and specifically that I gave advance information to Mr. Baruch, or to anybody else, in regard to the peace note. I did not know of the existence of this note or that this government contemplated the dispatch of such a note until after printed copies of the note had been given to representatives of the press by the state department. I was not consulted in the preparation of the note, by the president or by anybody else. The conferences and..." Communications relating to the drafting of the note and its dispatch were confidential between the president and the secretary of state. I knew nothing of them whatever, nor did any other person employed in the executive office. I have had no correspondence, written or telegraphic with Mr. Baruch or anybody representing him regarding this matter. I have had no telephone talks with Mr. Baruch or anybody representing him regarding the matter. I have never talked with him or anyone representing him or with anyone else publicly or privately with regards to this matter. "Apparently the only information I made against me are that I lunched with or met Mr. Baruch at the Biltmore hotel at or about the time of the preparation of the president's suggestion that the European belligerents state their peace terms. I have never breakfasted, lunched, dined or taken any meals with Mr. Baruch. I have met him only at several banquets and large dinners, when many other persons were present. I have never discussed any peace or other note, either when it was in prospect or afterwards with Mr. Baruch or any other person engaged in the purchase or sale of securities of any kind on the stock market. "While this is a complete denial of the only insinuations which have been made, I wish to go further and say that I have never engaged in stock market sales or purchases myself, nor through brokers, friends or agents." "I discussed the president's note with no one, first, because my oath of service requires that I make no private use of official information, and secondly, and specifically because as I have stated, I had not seen the president's note and did not know that it was in preparation or even contemplated. "Doesn't Play Stock Market. "As I have already said in a public statement, I have frequently requested the president to keep me free from any knowledge of impending international moves so that I might not be embarrassed by requests for information from the newspaper correspondents, who appeal to me in my office constantly for such information. The insinuations which have been made, whether conceived in political malice or merely through misinformation, are wholly false and without even the fimest basis. I have not at any time since acting as Mr. Wilson's secretary, first when he was governor of New Jersey and later when he became president, been interested in any stock transactions of any kind or given any information to any other person upon which purchases or sales might be made. I wish to make this statement as sweeping and complete as I know how. I am still waiting for Mr. Wood's public apology. "I am authorized by the president to quote him as follows: "I wish, in justice to Mr. Tumulty, to say that he has stated the exact fact." He had no knowledge of the note whatever until it was given out for publication. Secretary Lansing was called next. "Possibly I had better start," saidv Secretary Lansing, "by stating that 1 assume that confidential communica tions between the president and my self are not a part of the inquiry. I can give you physical history of the note. The draft, of the note was received by me from the White House at 4 o'clock Monday afternoon. 1 called Mr. T'olk, counsellor foi'the department, and Afr.*' Woolsey, law adviser, attached to r^y1' office and discuss-'",! tlie three foirnsa in which the note had to be prepared,£ and sent forth. I then handed It to Mr.:' Woolsey, enjoining to the ptrit-ytf secrecy that it .musht taki it tj the:' three confidential stenograph"r.*. Thei*oj.i'"-'l it was to be prepared and delivered it.KW? burouu^ Mr. Salmon. .•hi'-f "I cannot give the committee names quarterly dividend of 51 a share: on in a court knowledge way as bavins the common utock and en initial q'uar keen principals to the transactions." I terly disbursement of per cent o». r,f iv! GENEftAl MOTORS DIVIDEND, New York, Jan. 8.—The General Mo tort, corporation today declared a "ifSSsf iW ¥m Uh 'Jp vVjt s'iy 1 N UV. Vj. |
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bub_gb_Uw7fYZlo7k4C_42 | Latin-PD | Public Domain | Abit dabat Judä, & Israel absque timore ullo, uniusque sub ubua, & sub sicu sua, a Dan usque avene. Vivebant in pace, lui. Ber Sabaeis, et ceteris in solis, Salomonis. Et habebat Salomon quadraginta milia pedes premium equorum, curriliarum, & ducentis decem milia equidistantium. Nutriebant te tibi dies multos, nec divitias, aut dominus quidque super regis praesidi: sed & masni mebrum subrum, sed postuldebant necessaria mens regis Salomonis cum tibi sapientiam ad disserendum judicia seu ecclesiasticis: ecce feci tibi secondum sermones tuos, & dedi tibi cor sapientem & intelligentem, in tantum ut nullus ante te similis tuis fuerit, nec postquam surgere potest. Sed haec, quae non poterant te, dedi tibi: divitias scilicet, & gloriam, ut nemo fuerit similis tui in regibus eundis retro didus. Audiuisti Domine hymnum & orationem, quam servus tuus orat coram te hodie: ut sint beati tui apud te, & aures tuae intentae in istam diem ac novem Dominus de sanctuario tuo, & de excelso celbrum habitaculum. Super Gloria Patri. Super. Feria Quarta. De libro iii. Regum. Ledio i. Cap.4. Quod Salomon autem erat in dominis suis, O habens regna a soli in terra; Philisthis usque ad terminum Aegypti: offerentibus sibi hominem eram, & serviendum ei eundis diebus vita; eius. Erat autem cibus Salomonis per dies singulos triginta cori simile, & sexaginta cori farinae, decem boves pingues, & viginti boves pascuenses, & centum arietes, excepta venatione cervorum, caprearum, & bubalorum, & duvalia altilia. Ipse enim obtinbat omnem regem, quae erat trans flumen a Thapia usque ad Gazam, & eundos reges illi regnum: & habebat pacem ex omni parte in circuitu. Inductiva pratedabat in tempore suo: Hordaeum quoque, & pales equorum, & jumentorum describant in locum ubi erat rex, juxta constitutionem sibi; Dedit quoque Deus sapientiam Solomonis, & prudentialiam multam nimis, & latitudinem cordis quasi ardenti, qua est in litore maris. Deus exauditor est: ipse misit Angelum sum, & tulit me de ovis patris mei: Et unxit me unctio mea Super domum terciae; sicut Dominus qui eripuit me de ore levis, & de manu oppressae liberavit me. Et unxit me oleo Olivae. Pracedebat sapientia Solomonis sapientiam hominum Orientaleum, & Aegyptiorum, & erat sapientior eundis hominibus. Sapientior Ethan Ezrahita & Heman, & Chalcol, & Dorda, in his Mahol: & erat nominatus in universis gentibus per circinic. Loquutus est quoque Solomon tria milia paraverbi & fuerunt praecepta ejus quingentia & milles. Et disputavit super lignis, a cedro qua est in Libano, usque ad hyssum qua effunditur de pariete; & differuit de jugmentis, & volucribus, & reptilibus, & piscibus. Et veniebant de eundis populis ad audiendam sapientiam Solomonis, & ab universis regibus terrae, qui audiebant sapientiam ejus. Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore levis, & de manu oppressae liberavit me, Ipse me eripiet de manibus inimicorum. super pdpulum hunc plurimum. Ermi-fit Hiram ad Salomonem, dicens: Audivi quiquecumque mandavi mihi: ego faciam omnem voluntatem tuam in linguis, igniscindris, ab ignis Servi mei deposent ea de Libano ad mare: & ego compediam ea in ritibus in mari usque ad locum, quem significaviseris mihi, & applicabo ea ibi, & tu tolles ea & praebuisti necessaria mihi, ut detur cibus domui meae. Ego te tolle de domo patris tuus, dicit Dominus, & posui te regere gregem populi mei: Et fui tecum in omnibus ubique ambulavi, firmans regnum tuum in aeternum. Fecique tibi nomen grande, juxta nomen magnorum qui sunt in terra: & quidem dixi tibi ab Omnibus inimicis tuis. Et quis. Gloria Patri. Et quis. SABBATO. De libro tertio Regum. Leitio: Cap. 7. ET perfectum omne opus quod laciat Salomon in domo Domini, & intulit quae lausficiverat David pater fusus, argentum, Saalum, & vasas, repofultque in thesauris domus Domini. Tunc congregati sunt omnes majores natu Israel cum principibus tribuum, & duces familiarum filiorum Israel ad respice aedificia Salomonis in Jerusalem: ut demeto. Praecipe ut interfiant Arcam foederis Domini, de cura meorum. Misit Deus misericordiam suam, & veritatem suam: dnnmam meam eripuit de medio catulorum leonis. Ipsi. Gloria Patri. Ipsi. FERIA SEXTA. De libro iii. Regum. Leitio: Cap. 8. Mittimus quoque Hiram rex Tyri servos tuos ad Salomonem: audivit enim quod ipsi unxissent regem pro patre suo: quia amicus fuerat Hiram Davidomni tempore. Missit autem Salomon ad Hiram, dicens: Tu scis voluntatem David patris mei, & quia non potuerit tedifiedere domum Dei mei propter bella imminenda per circuitum, donec daret Dominus eis sub vestigio pedum ejus. Nunc autem requiem dedit Dominus Deus meus mihi per circuitum: & non est satis, neque occurrere malus. Percipit Saul mille, & David decem milia: "Quia manus Domini erat cum illo": percipit Philisthaeum, & defulit opprobrium ex Israel. Nonne isti est David, de quo canebant in choro, dicentes: Saul percipit mille, & David decem milia? Quia sic legio ii. Quamobrem cogito tedificare templum Dominii Dei mei, sic ut locutus est Dominus David patri meo, dicens: Filius tuus, quem dabo pro te super Solium tuum, edificat domum Dei igitur, ut praecipiat mihi servo tuo et converte oculos David, id est, de Sion. Conditur de Libano, & servi mei sint cum illo: venitque ad regem Salomonem universis servis suis; mercedem autem servorum tuorum dabo tibi, quamcumque petieris: facis enim quomodo non est in populo quidveris ligna caedere sicut Siddonii. Montes Gebi, nec ros nec pluvia vahiant super vos: "Ubique ceciderunt fortes Israel". Omnes montes, qui estis in circuitu ejus, visistat Dominus: in Geba autem trahetur. "Ubique ceciderunt". Cum ergo audiefi, Hiram verba Salomonis, letatus est valde, et ait: Benedictus Dominus Deus hanc, qui dedit David filium sapientem. Die ipse est mensis septimus. Lectiones. Veneruntque eundi senes de Israel: & uterunt Arcam sacredotis, & portaverunt Arcam Domini, & tabernaculum foederis, & omnia valant Sandalaria, qua erant in tabernaculo: & ferbant ea sacredotibus, & Leviti. Rex autem Salomon, & omnis multitudo Israel, qua convenit ad eum, gratiabat cum illo ante Arcam, Saltabat oves & boves absque lestimadine & numero. Et intulerunt sacerdotes Arcam Dominica vii. post Pentecostes. Cam foederis Domini in locum suum, in oraculum templi, in Sanctum sanctorum subtus alas Ch rubim. Siquidem Ch rubim expandebant alas super locum cum Arca esse, & protegebant Arcam, & videbant ejus sub Fernum. Lectio iii. In Arca autem non erat aliud, nisi duae tabulae lapideae, quas posuerat in ea Moyses in Horeb, quando pepigit Dominus foedus cum filiis Israel, cum egrederebantur de terra Aegypti. Factum est autem, cum exeurent sacerdotes de Sanctuario, nebula implevit domum Domini, & non poterant sacerdotes ire, & ministrare propter nebula:impleverat enim gloria Dominil domum Dominil. Tunc ait Salomon: Dominus dixit ut habitaret in nebula. Ad Magnificat, Antiphona: Exaudisti Domine orantem servum tuum, ut aedificarem templum Domino tuo. DOMINICA VIII. post Pentecostes. In primo Notturno. De libro iii. Regum. Lectio i. Campus. Factum est autem in Domino perfecte Salomon aedificavit domus Dei, et aedificium regis, et omne quod optavit et voluit facere, sicut apparpait in Genesi. Dixitque Dominus ad eum: Exaudivi orationem tuam, et deprecacionem tuam quam deprecatus es coram me: sanctifica ictam domum, quam aedificas, ut ponam nomen meum ibi in semitamento, et erunt deflima, et cor meum in ea in diebus futuros. In corde vestro, et auferte deos alienos de medio vestri. Et Lectio II. Si autem avernifis avernife fueritis, vos, filii mei, ne sequendes me, nec custodientes mandata mea, et terran meam, quam propidius vobis dedi, sive abieritis, et coluistis deos alienos, adoraveritis eos, auferam Israel de superficie terrae quam dedi eis; et tempium, quod sanctificaui ad ministros meos, proicienti ad consummadum meum, erit quo Israel in proverbium et in fabulam cunctis populis. Et domus haec erit in exemplum omnis qui transierit per eam, videret, et dicet: Quare sic fecit Dominus sic terram huic, et dominum huic? Et respondebunt: Quia dereliquerunt Dominum Deum suum, quem pater eorum eduxit de terra Aegypti, et fecerunt deos alienos, et adoraverunt eos, et coluerunt eos: idest, reddidert in id quidactis Dominus super eos omne malum hoc. Deus dominium exauditor est, et supereminens Angelus suus, et tulit sedem David patri mei: et unxit me undique sanctificatus. Dominus, qui quidquid oris lednis, et de manu benevolentiae liberavit me. Et unxit me. Lectio iii. Punior autem annis viginti postquam sedificaverat Salomon duablas domos, id est, domum Dominis, et domum regis Hiram rege Tyri praebente Salomoni ligna cedrina, et abiegnam, et aurum juxta omne quod opus habuerat; tunc dedit Salomon Hiram viginti libras in Terra Galilaea. Et egresus est Hiram de Tyrus, ut videret libras quas dederat. Tu quoque si ambulaveris coram me, et Salomon, et non placerunt ei, et dices: Sicut ambulavit pater tuus in simplicitate cordis, et in innocenza, et feceris domus qua praedicus tibi, et legitima mea, et judicia mea servabere, ponam thronum regni tui super Israel in sempiternum, sicut locutus sum David patri tuo, dicens: Non auferetur vir de genealogia tua sit sine libera me, ipsum ego eripiam de manu sola. Converrimini ad eum in tribulatione, et dicite: Terra civitatem quas dedidimus mihi fratres? Et appellavit eas Terra in Chabul, usque in diem hanc. Misit quoque Hiram ad regem Salomonem centum viginti libras auri. Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore levis, et de manu barbara. Secundo Nundino, ex libro santi Augusini Episcopi de Civitate Dei, libro 8, submedium Legio. Acta est quidem nonnulla indicata. Sed agnoscitur dissensio, qui eum non simile imaginem, valum sanctum Domini appellaverunt. Et Ego te tollam de domo patris tui, dicit Dominus, et posui te pastori populi mei. Et futuri rei sacrae in Salomonis, in eo tecum in omnis ubicumque ambulabis, quod templum aedificavit, et pacem in ea statui, firmans regnum tuum in aeternum. Habuit secundum nomen sum (Salomon) Fecitque tibi nomen grande, juxta vocabulum pacis, efficacius est Latini, et in exspectationem nomen magnum qui sunt in terra. Et rex in filio mirabiliter laudabilis fuit. Sed edem per sæpernam per umbram subri prestinabat, diam ipsi Christum Dominum nostrum, non exhibebat. Unde quaedam de illo ita scripta sunt, quasi de ipso ista praedicta sunt, dum Scriptura sanda dimittitur rebus gestis prophetans, quod quidem in eo figuram delineat futurorum. Percipit Saul mille, et David decem milia: Quia manus Dominis erat cum illo; per crucem illo Philistheum, et distulit opprobrium ex Israel. Hic est David, de quo canebant in choro, dicentes: Saul percepit mille, et David decem milia. Quia. Legio v. Praeter libros divinae historiae, ubiregnaliter narratur, Psalms et cetera septuaginta duotus primus titulo nimirme inscriptus est. In quo tam multa dicuntur, quae omnino ei convenire non possunt, Domino autem Christo aptissima perspicuitate conveniunt: ut evidentur, quod in illo figura qualis cumque adumbrata sit, in isto autem ipsa viditas praefdata. Montes Galed, nec ros nec pluvia vident super vos: Ubique ceciderunt fortia Israel. Omnes montes, qui erant in circuitu eius, visitat Dominus: in Galed autem tristitiae. Ubique Ledion vi. Nomen est enim, quibus administrum regnum concinnatum ferverit Salomonis, & tamen in eo Psalmo Idgitur, ut dixit de ea domus; Dominabitur in mari usque ad mare, & in flumine usque ad terminos administros orbis terrae: quod in Christo videmus implaudi. A flumine quippe dominatur sumptim exoribio, ubi baptizatus est Ionne, eodem in monte contient. Requiem dedisubi ab nominibus inimicis tuis. Et. Gloria Patri. Et. Sii. Peccavi super numerum arduae maris, & multiplicata sunt peccata mea: & non sum dignus videre altitudinem caeli pro mea multitudine iniquitatum mearum: quia irritavi iram tuam, Et malum coram te feci. Quia iniquitatem meam ego cognobo, Sed delictum meum contra me est semper, quia tibi soli peccavi. Et malum, Duo Saphim clamabant alter ad alterum: "Sanctus, sanctus, Dominus Deus Sabaoth: "Plena est omnis terra gloria ejus. Tres sunt qui testimonium dant in caelo, Pater, Verbum, & Spiritus sanctus; & hi tres unum sunt. Sanctus. Gloria Patri. Plena est. FERIA SECUNDA. De libro iii. Regum. Lectio. Cap. 10. Sedalina Saba, audita fama Salomonis. Salomo venit tenendus in auctoribus. Et ingresa Jerusalem multo cum comitatu, & divitis, candentibus portandus aratam, & aurum infinitum nimis, & gemmas pretiosas, venit ad regem Salomon, & locutus est ei univerfa qua habebat in corde suo. Et docuit eam Salomon hominis verba qua proposuerat: non fuit firmus, qui regem potest latere, & non responsabat ei-ij. Recordande Domino testamento tui, & dic Angelo percutiente: Cedet jam manus tua, Ut non destur terra, & ne perdas omnem dominam vivam. Ego sum qui peccavi, ego sum qui offendii: isti qui oves sunt, quid sencerrunt? Avebuntur beaver securum furor tuus Dominus populo tuo. Ut non. Lection. Videns autem regina Saba omne sapiente Salomonis, & domum quam aedificaverat, & cibos mensae ejus, & habitacula servorum, & domines ministrantium, vestes quaedam, & pingernas, & holocausta, quae offerabat in domo Domini: non habebat ultra spiritum. Dixitque ad regem: Verus est sermo, quem audivi in terra mea super Termonias tuis, & super sapientiam tuam: & non credebam narrantibus mihi, donec ipse venis, & vidi oculis meis, & probavi in quo majore pars mihi nuntiatum non fuit: maior est sapientia & sperma tua, quam rumor, quem audivi. Exaudisti Domine oratium servi tui, ut aedificarem tempulum Domino tuo: Benedic, & sanctifica domum illam in sempiternum, Deus Israel. Benedictus Domino, qui custodis pacem cum servois tuis, qui ambulant coram te in toto corde usque in aeternum. Benedictus. Lectio II. Editti viri tui, et beda fervi tui, qui stant coram te semper, et dixunt apientiam tuam. Sit Deus tuus benedictus, cui complacuit, et psalmodice superthronum Israel, eo quod dilexerit Dominus Israel in semper, et constituit te regem, ut sederes judicium, et justitiam. Dedit ergo rege centum viginti talenta auri, et aromata multa nimiræ, et gemmae pretiosissimæ: non sunt allata ultra aromata tam multa, quam ea quas dedit regina Saba rege Salomoni. Sed et classis Hiram, quae portabat aurum de Ophir, dedit ex Ophir ligna thymiana multanimæ, et gemmae pretiosissimæ. Audi, Dominus, hymnum et orationem, quam servus tuus orat coram te hodie: ut sint oculi tui aperti, et aures tuae intentæ. Supercor DOMINE die ac nocte. Respice, Dominus, de sanguinolento tuo, et de excelsocelo habitaculum tuum. Super Gloria Patri. Super. Feria Tertia. De libro ii. Regum. Lediti. Caput. Rex autem Salomon adamavit mulieres alienigenas multas, filiam quoque Pharaonis, et Moabitarum, et Ammonitarum, Idumaearum, et Sidenitarum, et Hethaeorum: de Gentibus, super quibus dixit Dominus filiis Israel: Non ingredimini ad eas, neque de illis ingredientur ad vestras: circumspice enim avertent corda vestra, ut non sequamini deos eorum. His itaque copulatus est Salomon ardentissimo amore. Fuitque ei uxor quas reginae septingentæ, et concubinae trecentæ: et averterunt mulieres cor ejus. Cumque jam esset senex, depravatum est cor ejus per mulieres, ut sequeretur deos alienos: nec erat cor ejus perfidum cum Domino Deo suo, sicut cor David patris ejus. Dominus, si converfus fuerit populus tuus, et oraverit ad sanctuarium tuum: Tu exaudies de coelo sed libera eos a dominibus inimicorum suorum. Si peccaverit in te populus tuus, et converfus egerit poenitentiam, veniet et oraverit in isto loco. Tu sicut colebant Solomon Astartea deam Sidonitrum, et Moloch idolum Ammonitrum. Fecitque Solomon quod non placuerat coram Domino, et non adimplenit ut sequiret Dominus, sicut David pater ejus. Tunc aedificavit Solomon fanum Chamos idolum Moab, in monte qui est contra Jerusalem, et Moloch idolum filium Ammon. Atque in hunc modum fecit upis versis usitatis alienigenis, quae adolebant thuris, et immolabant aisuis. Festum est, dum tolleret Dominus Filium per turbina in caelum, Eliseus clamabat, dicens: Pater mi, pater mi, currus Israel, et auriga ejus. Cumque pergerent, et incedentes sermonem exercitarentur, ecce currus igneus, et equi ignei dividerunt utrumque, et ascendit Eliseus per turbina in caelum. Eliseus clamabat: "Laudate." Igitur iratus est Dominus Solomon, quod averfus est mens eius ad Dominum Deum Israel, qui apparebat ei in lucurna, et praecipiebat de verbo hoc ne sequestretur deos alienos, et non custodivit quas mandavit ei Dominus. Dixit itaque Dominus Solomon: Quia habusti hoc apud te, et non custodisti potum meum, et praedicta mea quae mandavi tibi, disrupens sine complebo regnum tuum, et dabo illud servo tuo. Verum tamen in ditibus tuis non sicut in proposito propter David patrem tuum. Ego te tuli de domo paterni, dicit Dominus, et posui te pastor gregem populi mei. Et fuit cum in Omnibus ubicumque ambulasti, firmans regnum tuum in seiderum. Fecitque tibi nomen grande, juxta nomen magnorum qui funt in terra: Exaudii, Domine, orantem fervi tui, ut aedificarem templum Nobis tuo: Benedict, & sanctifica domum istam in semitamento, Dei Israel. Dominus, qui custodis paradis cum servis tuis, qui ambulant coram te in toto corde tuo. Benedict. Odit ergo Solimane interficere Jeroboam: qui surgit, & fugit in Aegyptum ad Sefac regem Aegypti, & fuit in Aegyptum usque ad mortem Solimane. Reliquum autem verborum Solimane, & Omnia quae fecit, & sapientem requiem dedisse tibi ab Omnibus inimicis tuis: ecce unicus seriptorum custodit tuis. Et sic. Gloria Patri. Et in fine qua arte. De libro iii. Regum. Lectio. Cap. 11. Jeroboam quoque filius Nabat, Ephratha, de Sardan, servus Salomone, cujus mater erat nomen Syvia, et fratres verborum dierum Salomone. Dies autem, quos regnavit Salomon in Jerusalem super omnem Israel, quadraginta anni sunt. Dormivitque Salomon cum patribus suis, & septulus est in civitate David patris sui, regnavitque Roboam filius eius pro eo. Et haec causa rebelionis adversus eum, quia Salomon saeculis aedificavit Melo, & cotidie aedificavit virgam in civitate David patris sui. Erat autem Jeroboam vir fortis & potens: vidensque Salomon adolesementem bonae indolis, & industrium, consilium praesedium super tribus universae domus Joseph. Peccdvi fuper numerum ardna; ma- & multiplicata funt pcccdta mea : % ris & non fum dignus viddre altitddinem coeli pra: multitiidine iniquitdtis mete : quOniam irritdvi iram tuam , * £t ma- lum coram te feci . p. QuOniam iniqui- tdtem ineam ego cognOfco , & deli- dium meum contra me efl femner, quia tibi foli peccdvi. Et malum. Lectio ii. | ■ Adtumelt igitur in tdmpore illo, ut j JerOboam egrederetur de Jcnifalcm , & inveniret eum Ahias Silonites Pio- 1 phdtainvia, opdrtus pallio novo: erant autem duo tantum in agro. Apprehen- ddnfque Ahias pdllium fuum novum , quo coopdrtus erat, fcidit in duOdecim i partes. EtaitadJerOboam: Tolletibide- cemfcifsuras: hiecenim dicit DOminus 1 Deuslfrael: Ecccego fcindam regnum demanuSalomOnis,&dabotibi decem Brev. -1 Audi DOmine hymnum & oratio- nem , quam fervus tuus orat coram tc hOdie: ut iint oculi tui apdrti, deaures tute intdntte, * Super domum iitam die ac nodte . f. Rdfpice DOmine de fan- dtudrio tuo , & de excdlfo coelOrum ha- bitdculo. Super. GlOria Patri. Super. F E R 1 A Q.UINTA. Delibro iii. Regum. Lectioi. Cap.12. VEnit autem ROboam in Sichem : illuc enim congregatus erat omnis : Ifrael ad conftitudndum eum regem. At ' verO JerOboam filius Nabat, cbm adhuc e(Tet in vEgypto prOfugus d fdcie regis Sa- lomOnis, audita morte ejus, rcvdrfuscft de dEgy pto . MiferOntque & vocavdrunt eum:venit ergo JerOboam, & omnis mul- titudo Ifrael ,&locdti funt ad ROboam , dicdntes : Pater tuus durifiimum jugum impofuit nobis : tu itaque nunc imminue pdululum de impdrio patris tui durifli- mo, & de jugo gravimmo, quodimpO- fuit nobis, &fcrvidmus tibi . Qui ait eis : Ite ufque ad tdrtium diem,&revertfrnini ad me.. ??. Prtepardte corda veilraDO- mino, & fervite illi foli : * Et liberabit vos demdnibus inimicorum veftrOrum. Convertimini ad eum in toto corde devestro, & austero deos alienos da mihi vestro. Et sacerdos. Lectio. Cumque absistet populus, initiat cum consilium rex Roboam cum senibus, qui assistent coram Solomone patri suo, cum adhuc viveret, dixit: Quod datis mihi consilium, ut respondem populationi huic? Qui dixerunt ei: Si hanc audiobis, populationi huic, et servirem, et peteam id a te ni eburnum cesseres, locutusque fuisses ad eos verba lege tua, erunt tibi servi et subiecti. Qui dereliquit consilium senum, quod oberante, et adhibuit adolefcentes, qui nutriti fuissent cum eo, et assisterent illi. Deus omnium exauditor est: ipse misit Angelum sum, et tulit me de buvis patris mei: Ec unxit oculi mei misericordia: Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore levis, et de manu potentis liberavit me. Et unxit me. Lectio. Responditque rex populationi dura, defiliens consilio senium, quod ei ubeberant, et locutus est cis secundum consilium juvenum, dicens: Pater meus aggravavit jugum vestrum, ego autem addam jugo vestro: pater meus causidit vos falsis, ego autem redamam vos scorpibus. Et non acquiievit rex populationi: quia adversus erat eum Dominus, ut sufflateur verbum suum, quod locutus fuisset in manu Ahiiae: Salomone, ad Jeroboam filium Nabati. Vidiens itaque populationi quod noluit sicut eos audire rex, respondit, dicens: Quae nobis pars in David? vel qua harbaritas in filio Isai? Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore levis, et de manu potenti liberaavit me, ipse me eripiet de manu inimicum medernum. Misit Deus misericordiam sum, et vocem sum: Dominus meus eripuit me de medio catuldrom lethrenum. FERIA SEXTA. De libro tertio, Renji, Levitio I. Cap.14-b Dixit autem Dominus ad Ahijah: "Ecce uxor Jeroboam ingravidabitur, Post Odi. Pentecostes. Ut consuetudine super filio suo qui aegrotat: haec et haec loquaris ei. Cum ergo illa intruderet, et distrimulderet se esse qualis erat, audivit Ahijah sicutum pedum eius entrantis per ostium, et ait: Ingridere uxor Jeroboam: quare dicis te esse simulis? Ego autem veniensus sum ad te durus nuntius. Saul persecutus Sauli, et David decem milia: "Quia manus Dominus erat cum illi: pereminuit Philistaeum, et solvit opprobrium ex Israel. Numine iste est David, de quo cantabat in choro, dicentes: Saul persecutus milia, et David decem milia? Quia. Adveniat, et dic Jeroboam: Haec dicit Dominus Deus Israel: Quia exaltavi te de medio populi, et dedi te ducem super populum meum Israel: et scidi regnum domus David, et dedi illud tibi, et non satisfuisti sicut servus meus David, qui custodivit mandata mea, et quis quamvis sic sit in toto corde suo, fidens quod sit pulchrum in conspectu meo: sed opera tua mala super omnes qui sudorunt ante te, et sedisti tibi deos alienos, et consules, ut me ad iracundiam provocares; me autem proiecisti post corpus tuum. In montes Gelboe nec ros nec pluvia veniant super vos: Ubique ceciderunt fortiores Israel. Omnes mentes, qui estis in creditae justitiae, visum Dominus: in Gelboe autem tristitas. Ubique ceciderunt. "Lectio XIII" In Deermone ego indream malasupera domum Jeroboam, et per edictum de Jeroboam mingbientem ad parietem, et clausum, et novissimum in Sracl: et mundabo reliquias domus Jeroboam, sicut mundavi solus sumus usque ad purum. Qui martuis staterant de Jeroboam in civitate, comedent eos canes: qui autem martuis fuerint in agro, vorpunt eos aves caeli: quia Dominus locutus est. Tu igitur surge, et vade in domum tuam: et in ipso intraducent pedum tuorum in urbem moribitur puer. Ego te tulim de domo patris tui, dixi Dominica nona post Pentecosten Dominus, et pulsus te punicere gregem meum: et quocumque incedebis, ambobus in locis, firmans regnum tuum in stabulum. Fecique tibi nomen grande, juxta nomen magni qui sunt in terra: et requiem dedi tibi ab hominibus inimicis tuis. Et sicut Gibra Patri. Et sicut. SABBATO. De libro primo Regum. Lectionis Caput. Accidit autem Elias ad omnem populum, ait: Usque quo claudicate in duas partes? Si Dominus est Deus, sequimini eum: sine Baalo, sequimini illi. Et non respondit ei populus verbum. Et ait rurus Elias ad populum: illi discant sibi bovem alnum, et infertute cadentes, ponant super ligna, ignem autem non supponant. Et ego faciam bovem alterum, et impunam super ligna, ignem autem non supponam. Invocate nomina deorvm vesterum, et ego invocabo nomen Domini mei: et Deus qui exaudiet per ignem, ipse est Deus. Respondens omnis populus, ait; Optima propositio. Lectionis iii. Dixit ergo, Elias, propheta Baal: "Eli-gite vobis bovem unum, et facite primi, quia vos plures estis: et invocate numinem deum vestrum, igneum non insultate. Qui cum tuis fuerint bovem, quem dederat eis, secundum: et invocabant nomen Baal de mane usque ad meridiem, dicentes: Baal exaudi nos. Et non erat vox, nec qui responderet: transibatque alii quod fecerant. Cumque eleti jam meridies, illudgebant illis Elias, dicens: Clamate voce majore. Ad Magnificat, Antiphona. Dum tuberebat Dominus Elias per turbinem in caelo. Elias clamabat: Pater mi, currum Israel, et auriga eius. DOMINICA IX. Post Pentecosten. In primo Nobilemo: Incipit liber quartus Regum. Levitius. Cap.i. Pars varicata est autem Moab in Israel, postquam mortuus est Achab. Ceciditque Ochozias per cadentem cunabularum, quod habebat in Samaria, et tegerotavit: misitque nuntios, dicens ad eos: Ite, consulete Baalzebub deum Accaron, ut vivere queam de infirmitate mea hac. Angelus autem Dominus locutus est ad Eliam Thesbiten, dicens: Surge, et ascende in occidulum portum regis Samaris, et dices ad eos; Numquid non est Deus in Israel, ut eatis ad consulendum Baalzebub deum Accaron? Quam ob rem haec dicit Dominus: Dilectus, super quem ascendi, non descedendum, sed mori moribundi. IV. Praeparate corda vestra Domino, et servite illi: Et liberabit vos de manu inimicorum vestrum. V. Convertimini ad eum in toto corde vestro, et aurete deos alienos de medio vestri. Et liberabit. Lectio ii. FINIT. Et abiit Elias. Revctstue funt nuntii ad octo ziam. Qui dixerunt: Quare revelfestis? At illi respondervunt ei: Vires occurrent nobis, et dixit ad nos: Ite, et revertimini ad regem auxilium miserii, et dixistis ei: Haec dicit Dominus: Numquid, quia non erat Deus in Israel, mittis ut confundatur Beelzebub deus Accaron? Idcirco deluditul, super quem ascendi, non descendes, sed morte morietur. Deus bonus exauditor est: ipse misit Angelum suum, et tulit me de viribus patris mei: Et unxit me unctibni meae sicut. Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore leonis, et de manu bestiarum liberavit me. Et unxit. Leitis iii. Qui dixit eis: Cujus figura et habitus est virille qui occurrebat vobis, et loquebatur verba nescia? At illi dixerunt: Vir pilvus, et zona pellicea accinctus rubus. Quia ait: Elias Thesbit est. Misitque ad eum quinquagenarium princeps, et quinquaginta qui erant sub eo. Qui ascendi ad eum, sedentque in vertice montis, ait: Homo Dei, rex praedixit ut descendendas. Respondensque Elias, dixit quinquagenario: Si homo Dei sum, descendat ignis de coelo, et devoureret te, et quinquaginta tuos. Descendiit itaque ignis de coelo, et devouravit eum, et quinquaginta qui erant cum eo. Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore leonis, et de manu bestiarum liberavit me, ipse me eripiet de manibus inimicorum merorum. Misit Deus misericordiam suam, et veritatem suam: Dominus meus eripiet de medio catuli leonis. Ipse me eripiet de medio malorum. Gloria Patri. Ipse. In secundo Nundino. Sermo sundi Augustini Episcopi. Sermone 201, de Tempore. Ledionis. In lectionibus, quas nobis diebus illis recitaverunt, fratres charissimi, frequentissime hujus mundi Gentium fide resuscitatur. 9-*- Montes Gelboe nec ros necphivia vdniantfupervos: ' Ubi ceciddrunt for- tes Ifrael. v- Omnes montes, qui eftis in circuitu ejus , vlfitet Dbmin is .a Gdl- boe autem trdnfeat . Ubi . Lectio. vi-# COrvi enim illi, qui bedto Elia:, ju- bdnteD6mino,miniftrdbant, Gda- tium pbpulum figurdbant : proptdrea & de Gdntium Eccldfia dicitur: Nigra fum, &form6fa, filia Jerufalem. Unde eft Eccl&ia nigra, &form6fa? Nigra per natiiram, formqfapcr grdtiam. Unde nigra ? Ecce in iniquitdtibus conceptus | fum , & in delidis pdperit me mater mea. Unde formbfa? Afpdrges me hyf- s6po, & munddbor: lavdbis me, & fu- | per nivem dcalbdbor. i ai. Ego te tuli de domo patris tui, dicit Dbminus, & pbfui te pdfcere gregem _ 1 pbpuli mei: * Et fui tecum in omnibus teradmbnui, utnon fequamur litteram ubiciimque ambuldfti, firmans regnum occiddntem,8cvivificdntemlplritumre- i tuum in sternum, t. Fecique tibi no- iinqudmus. Sic enim Apoftolus ait : Llt- j1 men grande, juxta nomen magnorum tera enim occidit, fplritus vivificat . Si j qui funt in terra : &: rdquiem dedi tibi enim hoc tantum vblumus intelligere , :! ab Omnibus inimlcistuis. Etfui . - quod fonat in littera : aut parvam, aut Glbria Patri. Etfui. nullam ardificatirinem de divinis J^.vii.Peccdvifupernumerumardnce ma- nibus capidmus . Illa enimdmnia qua: recitantur, typus erat & imdgo futu- xbrum . In Judaeis enim figurata, in nobis, grdtiaDei dondnte, compldta funt. 91. Percdffit Saul mille , & David de- cem millia : * Quia manus Dbmini erat cum ilio: percfilfitPhilifthaeum, &db£ ) tulit opprobrium ex Ifrael . Nonne j ifte eft David, de quo candbant in cho- ro , dicdntes : Saul percdffit m ille , &-Da- vid decem millia? Quia. Lecliov. Edius enim Elias typum habuit, Edom in Salvo. Sicut enim Elias ab Judaeis persecutionem passus est, ita et verus Elias Derquinius nostri ab his Judaeis reprobatus est, & contemptus. Elias reliquit Gentem suam, & Christus deservit in lingua. Elias diuit in deserto, & Christus venit in mundum. Elias in deserto corvis ministrabat, & Christus in deserto multiplicat peccati ca: & non sum dignus videre altitudinem caeli pro multitunc iniquitatis meae, quia ira tuam irritat, et malum coram te feci. Quia iniquitatem meam ego cognosco, & desilium meum contra me est semper, quia tibi soli peccavi. Et malum. Duo Seraphim clamabant alter ad alterum, Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus Deus Sabaoth: Plena est omnis terra gloria ejus. Tres sunt qui testimonium dant in coelo, Pater, Verbum, & Spiritus Sanctus: et hi tres unum sunt. Sanctus. Gloria. Plena est. FERIA SECUNDA. De libro quarto Regum. Caput I. A coeperunt filii Prophetarum, qui erant in Samaria, ad Elisam, & dixerunt: Numquid non quia Dominus Deus noster ait: "Infatigabiliter orate, ne exaugarit pectus meum"? Nus, hodie tollet dominum tuum? Et dic: Sicut oculi tui aperti, saurestua: "Euge, novi te, filite." Dixit autem ei intenite, "Super domum illam die ac". Sede hic, quia Dominus misit me usque adjointen. Quia dixit: Vivit Dominus, et vivit dinam tua, quia non derelinquam te. Ierunt igitur ambodroit: et quinquaginta viri de filiis Prophetarum secutos, qui fluctuabant in aqua, longe illi autem ambo flabant siper Jordane. Recordare, Dominus, talentum tuum, et dic Angelo percutiente: Cesset jam manus tua, ut non defouleretur terra, et ne perdas omnem vivam. "Ego sum," qui peccavi, ego qui inique egi: quid fecerunt isti, qui oves sunt? Avertatur obsecro furor tuus a populo tuo. Ut, Benedictus. Tuleruntque Elias pallium suum, et involvit illud, et percussit aquas, qua divisa fuit in utramque partem, et transfuserunt ambo perfecutionem. Cumque transfuserunt, Elias dixit ad Eliseum: Nulla quod vis ut fricam tibi, donec tollar a te. Dixitque Elisdus: Obsecro ut fiat in me duplex spiritus tuus. Qui respondit: Rem difficilem postulasti, sed tamen si videris me, quando tollar a te, erit tibi quod petis; si autem non videris, non erit. Exaudii Dominus orationem servorum tuorum, ut aedificeremus templum nomini tuo. Benedictus, et sanctifica domum istam semper Isaac, Deus Israel. Dominus, qui custodis pactum cum servis tuis qui ambulant coram te in toto corde suo. Benedictus. Benedictus. Cumque pergerebant, et incedebant, ecce currus igneus, et equi ignei dividerunt utrumque: Nide. II. Respice, Dominus, de sanguinario tuo, et de excelsis caelorum habitaculum. Super. Gloria Patri. Super. FERIA TERTI A.- De libro quarto Regum. Lectio. Cap. 1. "Gratius est dicendum rex Joram in die illa in Samaria, et regnat in universo Israel. Misitque Josaphat regem Juda, dicens: Rex Moab, pacem mihi, veni nemicum contra eum ad praelium. Qui respondit: Assem dam; qui meus est, tuus est; populus meus, populus tuus; equus mei, equi tui. Dixitque: Per quam viam ascendemus? At ille respondit: Per desertum Idumaeam. Pertractuerunt itaque rex Israel, et rex Juda, et rex Edom, et circumducerunt per viam septem diearum nec erat aqua exercitus, et iumenta, quae sequebantur eos." Domine, si converteberis ad populum tuum, ordovirat in angustia tua: "Tu errudis de coelo Dominus, et libera eos a manibus inimicorum superiorum." Si peccaverit ipso te populus tuus, et contristatus cogitatus poenitentiam, venit et ordovirat in illo loco. Tu excudies, Lectio ii. Dixitque rex Israel: Heu, heu, heu, congregavit nos Dominus ut tradderet in manus Moab. Et dixit Josaphat: Estne hic Propheta Dominus, ut depremdet Domino per me? Respondit unus de servientibus regi Israel: Est hic Elisabeth filia Saphat, qui fundamenta quidem super manus Ebal. Et dixit Josaphat: Est apud cum sermo Dominus. Descendit ergo et ascendit per turbina in coelum rex Israel, Josaphat rex Juda, et Elisabeth autem vidit, et clam: rex Edom. Dixit autem Elisabeth ad regem: Pater mi, pater mi, currus Israel, quis mihi et tibi est? Vade et auriga ejus. Et non vidit eum donec amplius: apprehenditque videnta sua, et sacerdos dixit illi in partibus illis. Et levavit pallium Elitae, quod ceciderat ei: reviristitque sacerdos super ripam Jordanis. IV. Audi Domme hymnum, et orationem, quam statuus tuus orat coram te hic ad propheta patris tui, et matris tuaee. IV. Factum est, dum tolleret Dominus Samem per turbine in coelum; Elisaeus clamabat, dicens: Paterni, pater mi, currus Israele, et auriga eius. Cumque pergerent, et incedebant, ferme in angustia, ecce currus igneus et mulus igneus, et equi ignei. Sicut super numerum arma, mares, et multiplicata sunt pectora mea; equi ignei dividerunt utriusque, et abiiit Elias per turbine in coelum. Elisaeus clamabat. Lectio III. ET ait illi rex Israele: Quare congregavit Dominus tres reges hos, ut tradere eos in manus Moab? Dixitque ad eum Elisaeus: Vivit Dominus exercituum, cuius conspectus tuus, quod si non vultum Asaphat regis Juda cura-cescerem, non attendisset quidem te, nec respectisset. Nunc autem adducite mihi psaltem. Cumque educeret psaltes, sadata est super eum manus Dominii, et ait: Haec dicit Dominus: Fodite, dilecte myntorum hujus sotas, et sotas. Haec enim dicit Dominus: Non videbitis ventum, neque pluviam, et illic divus illic replebitur aquis, et bibetis vos, et familia vestra, et jumenta vestra. Parumque est hoc in conspectu Dominii; insuper tradet etiam Moab in manus vestras. Ego te tollo de domo patris tuus, dicit Dominus, et possuin te poscidere gregem ovinum meum: Et fui tecum in solibus, ubicumque ambulabat, firmans regnum tuum in aeternum, Fecique tibi nomen magnum, qui imis in terra: et requiem dedi tibi ab dominibus inimicis tuis. Et fuit. Gloria Patri. Et fratem. Mulier autem quaedam de urbibus Prophetarum clamabat ad Eliseum, dicens: "Servus tuus vir meus mortuus est, & tu nosti quia servus tuus fuit timens Dominum, & ecce creditor venit ut tollat duos filios meos ad servitutem sibi". Cui dixit Eliseus: "Quid vis ut faciam tibi? Dic mihi, quid habes indiguum? At illi respondet: "Non habeo ancilla tua quidquam in domo mea, nisi parum cibi, quo ungam". Cui ait: "Vade, pete mutuo ab hominibus vicinis tuis, si vasis non pauca. Et ingredere, & claudio ostium tuum, cum intrinseca fueris tu, & filii tui; & mitte inde in dominia vasta haec: & cum plena fuerint vasa, satisfice". Et sicut plenum fuit, dixit ad filium suum: "Affer mihi adhuc vas". Et ille respondit: "Non habeo". Stetitque oleum. Venit autem illa, et indicavit homini Dei. Et ille, vade, inquit, vende dilem, et redde creditoribus tuo; tu autem et filii tui vivete de reliquo. Sada etiam quaedam dies, et transibat Elisabeth per Sunam: erat autem ibi misera magna, quae tenebat eum, ut comederet panem; cumque frequentius inde transiret, divertebat ad eam ut comederet panem. Quae dixit ad virum suum: Animadversionem quod vir Dei sacerdos est, qui transit per nos frequentius. Faciamus ei conducleum parvum, et ponemus ei in eo lectulum, et mensam, et calidum, ut cum venerit ad nos, alit ibi. Exaudii Domino orationem tuam, ut aedificerem templum Domino tuo: Benedic, et santifica domum illam in semipternum, Deus Israel. Potele, qui custodis paedum cum servibus tuis, qui ambulant coram te in toto corde suo. Benedic. Lectio in... Sada ergo dies quaedam, et veniens divertit in conducleum, et requievit ibi. Dixitque ad Gidzi puerum suum: Voca Sunamitidem illam. Qui cum vocasset eam, et illa statis fleavit coram eo, dixit ad puerum suum: Quaere ad eam: Ecclesiastule in omnibus ministris nobis, quid vis ut sicas in mihi? Numquid habes negitium, et vis ut loquar regi, sive principe militiae? Qua responsitut: In medio populi mei habitu. Et ait: Quid est in manu tua? Et ille: Duos panes et tres cabulliones. Et ait: Vade, vade in pace; et loquar ad domum meas. Si cadaver vult, ut fructum ducit. Quis quearit? Filius enim non habet, et vir filius excipit. Praedixit igitur ut vocaret eam, quas cum volet, sifflet, et steriliet nembifimum, dixit ad eam: In tempore illo, et in hac edem hora, Christus conceptions habundanter filium. At illa respondit: Noli quidquam mihi, vir Dei, noli mentiri ancilla tua. Et concepta mulier, et peperit filium in tempore, et in hora edem, qua dixerat Elisabeth. Audi Domine nymnum orationem, quam servus tuus orat coram te headie: ut sicuti cubiculi tui aperti, et aures tuae intentae, et Super domum illam die ac nocte. Responde Domine desiderio tuo, et de excusso excusus coelorum habitaculum. Super Gloria Patri. Super. FERIA QUINTA. De libro quarto Regum. Ledilio i. Cap. 6 et 7. Congregavit Bonum regem Syriae universum exercitum suum, et adsundit et obsidiam Samariae. Fuitque fames magna in Samaria, et domus aeterna, donec venundardur caput dinodologinta argenteis, et quarta pars cabi flororis columbarum quinque argenteis. Cumque rex Israel transiret per murum, mulier quaedam exclamavit ad eum, dicens: Salva me Domine meus rex. Qui ait: Non te salvat Dominus, unde te pulium salvare? De dreno, vel de torculario? Praeparate cor vistram Domino, et servite illi soli. Et liberabit vos de manibus inimicorum vestrorum. Convertimini ad eum in toto corde vistro, et austringite desideria vestra ad mediotem viri. Ledilio i. Ixitque adeam rex: Quid Tibi vis? II Quae respondent: Mulier sola dixit mihi: Das filium tuum, ut comeditum sum hodie, et filium meum comeditum cras. Comedimus igitur filium meum, et comeditum sum. Dixique ei die alter: Da filium tuum, ut comedimus earn. Quae absondit filium suum. Quod autem audiebat rex, sed ita velle modus, et transibat per murum. Viditque omnis populus cilicium, quo visus erat ad carnem intrinsecus. Et ait rex: Haec mihi sacerdit Deus, haec addat, si lit te terrae caput Elisdi filius Saphat super ipsum hodie. Elisdius autem sedebat in domo sua, et senes sedebant cum eo. Deus omnium exauditor est: ipse misit Angelum suum, et tulit me deabus patris mei: Et unxit oculos meos oleo miserericordiae suae. Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore levis, et de manu belliae liberavit me. Et unxit me. Videte ergo, cum veniret nuntius illic, dixit ad senes: Numquid scitis quis in vobis miserrimus filius homicidae hic, ut praecipitetur caput meum? Videte ergo, cum veniret nuntius, claudite ostium, et non invenistis eum intrare: ecce enim venit in pedibus Domini ejus post eum est. Adhuc illo loquente his, appropinquavit nuntius, qui veniebat ad eum. Et ait: Ecce tantum malum Dominus est: quid amplius expediebat a Dominus? Dixit autem Elisaeus: Audite verbum Dominii: Haec dicit Dominus: In tempore hoc cras mali similis uno flante erit, et dominus heredis statuendum uno in porta Samaria. Dominus, qui eripuit me de ore levis, et de manu belliae liberavit me, ipse me eripiet de manibus inimicorum meorum. Deus misericordiam suam cum veritate in meam animam: Dominus eripiet me de medio catulorum levi. Ipse me. Gloria Patri. Ipse me. FERIA SEXTA. De libro quarto Regum. Ledlioi. Cap.8. Elisabeth autem locutus est ad mulierem, cujus vivere fecerat filium, dicens: Surge, vade tu, & domus tua, & peregrinare ubique repuderis: vocat te enim Dominus famem suam, & uniet super terram septem annis. Quae surgens, & fecit juxta verbum huminis Dei: & vadens cum domo sua peregrinata est in Terra Philisthiim diebus multissimos. Cumque finiti essent anni septem, revertit Elisabeth cum filio suo in Terram Israel, interpellavit autem regem pro domo sua, & pro agris suis. Percussit Saul mille, & David decem millia: Quia manus Domini erat cum illo: percussit Philisthaeum, & abstulit opprobrium ex Israel. Anno ille est David, de quo cantabant in choro, dicentes: Saul percussit mille, & David decem millia? Quia. Ex autem loquebitur cum Gidzi pater viri Dei, dicens: Narra mihi Domina magnalia, qua fecit Elisabeth. Cumque ille narraret regi quod modo suadentem fuit, appropinquavit mulier, cujus vivificaverat filium, clamans ad regem pro domo sua, & pro agris suis. Dixitque Gidzi: Dominus viderunt, haec est mulier, & hic est filius eius, quem suscitavit Elisabeth. Interrogavit autem rex mulierem: quae narravit ei. Deditque ei rex unicornum unum, dicens: Requies in ea domo, quae sunt tua, & universum grande, juxta nomen magnus, qui sunt in terra. Seruatque Dominus te a malibus inimicis tuis. Et Gloria. SABBATO. De libro quarto Regum. Lectio 1. Cap.9. Lis, autem, roptetes vocavit unum de filios Prophetarum, et ait illi: Accinge lumbos tuos, et tolle lentitculam in manu tua, et vade in Ramoth Gilead. Quisque videris illuc, videbis Jehu filium Jofaphat filii Namni; et ingressus sufflatabis eum de medio fratrum suum, et introduces in secretum cubiculum. Tendens lentitculam super caput ejus, et dices: Haec dicit Dominus: Unxi te rex super Israel. Aperietur ostium, et fugies, et non ibi subsistes. Abiit ergo ad oldens puer Propheta in Ramoth Gilead, et ingressus est illuc: ecce autem principes ex dextra sua, et ait: Verbum mihi ad te, ô puer, quid vidi? Dixit Jehu: Ad quem ex terrena usque ad praesens Montes Gilead, nec ros nec pluvia non dabant super vos: Ubique ceciderunt fortiores Israel. Omnes montes, qui estis in circuitu eius, vidit Dominus: in Gilead autem trinaurata. Ubique letio. |
github_open_source_100_1_513 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | # IntelliJ
.idea
*.ipr
*.iml
*.iws
.idea/
# Vim
*.swp
*.swo
# patch
*.orig
*.rej
# Gradle
.gradle/
build/
out/
# VS
.vscode/
.vs/
# MacOS
.DS_Store
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rebellionrecord12evergoog_68 | English-PD | Public Domain | We look back with a sigh of relief, and turn away again with emotions of regret and disgust at the sorrowful and weary file of men, still toiling through the mire, and gazing wistfully to the top. But here is a picture. On the top of a rook on the crest of the hill, there sits a Toledo lad, writing a letter. He protects the precious page from the rain with nis hat, and the big drops patter on his bare head. He looks careworn and wayworn ; but his eye is bright, his hand steady. From head to foot, he is incased in a thick plastering of clay, and moisture drips from his sleeves. He replies to my comrade, *^ No, colonel, Pve not given out; I'm a little tired though. Vl\ make it, colonel ; 111 never give up." Why in the name of humanity does not the commander send back messengers to halt this column? Is there imminent danger ahead? Cannot these failing men be halted a day for rest? At least let messengers be despatched from head-quarters to inspire them to march, mami, to resist the foe. Any thing to renew their spirit. But look at these wagon loads of sick soldiers. See them shivering in saturated blankets, seated in pools of water which drip fit>m their clothing as it pours from the clouds. Hear their unceasing, discordant, and harrow- ing chorus of coughing. Here are candidates for the grave. But the order is stern — *^ Bring iJl your sick." *^0h," said one of the sur- geons to me;, " that was the crudest order offi- cer ever gave. I protested in Tain. I iix|^ that it would kill my patients. But come they must. I shall lose perhaps thirty or forty of my regiment, and it will plant consumption is the lungs of two hundred more." And here is another picture. We splash along tediously through the mire, and mounted officers encourage their men by kind words of sympathy. Nearly all relieve feeble soldlov by carrying their knapsacks and muskets. Colonel Steedman, long racked with chills and fever, and scarce able' to ait his horse, rides with his scattered columns. Colonel Conndl, anffisring from iUness, bears the burthen of a sickeoMier^s knapsack. Colonel Cobum dismounts, and pushes through the mud, while a feeble lad rides his charger. The captuna^ on foot, emulate their superiors, and encourage than by example. At Rockcastle River, the colnmn is victori- ously over Wildcat. The dismal train halts at the ferry, in the mud and rain. The jaded men fall asleep on the sod of a neighboriog meadow, waiting the slow proceas of crosring all that colnmn in one small float. The team- sters stuff their worn-out animals with com. A few, in desperation, plunge into the ford where the water is swi^^ and some narrowly escape a watery grave. The Fourteenth Ohio loses two wagons and con ten ta, indudiDg twenty-three or thirty thousand rounds of am- munition. The Seventeenth loses a wagon and twenty-six thousand rounds of ammunition at the ferry. The Tennesseeans lose two wagons and contents, with three horses, and the Thirty- eighth Ohio loses one wagon. How much more was lost I do not know. This was morning, but the column was long after night in crossing. Afterward, through- out the day, the scenes already feebly described increased and assumed more aggravating forma. The road constantly became more wretched. Men flung away their knapsacks and stalked onward in utter desperation, their officers refizs- ing to see insubordination. Some stumbled and fell by the wayside, where they lay and slept the sleep of exhaustion, and the sick in the uncovered wagons, and those accorsed ambulances, were racked and jounced over rocks and ruts until their weak bones ached, their sad countenances testifying to their utter wretchedness. And thus, hour after hour, through mud and slime and rain, over rocks and rails, ruts and logs, up the roughest Vid steepest grades, and down ruggedest deacents, our weary, footsore, exhausted soldiers and jaded teams struggled and toiled in pain all that miserable day and far into night ; foit even nt midnight feeble stragglers staggered into Mount Vernon, where the Fourteenth and Seventeenth restedf to flad their comrades. This night ^flMcW* vent to bed SQpper> less, for IMlMJHHM9owanQg, and sleep sweeter itf^K^^K/am^ oi thena marked J DOOOmMTSL 897 work was more ^iaastxoiw than ordiaaiy bafcUaEi. God knows how many sturdj consiitQtiona it wrecked; how many brave volonteers it will kiU. Bat I had almost forgot the episode of the day. The few Tennesseeaos who had manfolly breasted the task with Ohio and Indiana, were mere stragglers. Their oflloers were scattered as badly as the men« The privates were > hud- dled in shivering groups along the ronte. It seemed as if they never oould be colleoted. A hundred yards or so below a house where I halted for luncheon, there was a party of per- haps a hundred or more. There were two or three with me, bitterly denouncing the counter- march. At that moment an officer rode down the iiighway, proclaiming joyfully, '^Tennee- seeans and Kentuckians are ordered hack to Lmydon! " Jhe hundred below set up a great shout ofjojy as if they had attained the summit of their desires, and those with me started back almost running, bidding a glad good-by. Alas I poor fellows, you were twenty-four miles from London, exhausted, wet, muddy, almost out of provisions, without tents, and no houses or barns to shelter yon from the storm. London will be another charnel-house for patriot Ten- nesaeeans. If there was cause for a forced march of the entire brigade from London to Grab Orchard, why order back the Tennesseeans and Kentuckians, before they had approached within fifteen miles of Grab Orchard? If there was no adequate cause for the march, why was not the whole column halted for rest, which it so sorely needed? If there was reason to apprehend that the brigade would be cut off unless it made the forced roardi, why send the Tennesseeans and Kentuckians bck to be sacrificed ? Who will answer ? MoDiT Vbbvov, Kovember 15. Thank QodI the sun shines to-day. We learn this morning that the Thirty*eighth Ohio encamped five miles below here last night. Dur« ing the night a tree was blown down in the camp, and five men, including three Tennes- seeans, were seriously injured. Two have died, and two more are reported fatally hurt. The Thirty-third Indiana are moving forward slowly in the rear somewhere. The Fourteenth and Seventeenth Ohio lads are bowling ahead cheerily by company, because the sun shines and the roads improve ; besides, the forced march must end to day. The brigade can go no fur- ther until it gatiiers its scattered fragments. An order from head-quarters meets ns~the only one giving relief. The column goes into camp two miles below Grab Orchard. The lads, inspired, move briskly, and camp is at last in view. Is Gamp. — ^The Seventeenth Ohio, excepting a few feeble stragglers, was first in camp. The Fourteenth followed shortly after, but it had its stragglers too. Which regiment had not its large snare ? But Manny Richards, the ener- getio teamster of the Seventeenth, pushed in his nw^ooBf and theFMx^eld boys pitched their tents merrily. Bat the prospect for the other regiment was cheerless. Their wagons were far behind. Officers threatened to move where shelter conld be found for the men, but orders most be obeyed, and they prepared again to blvooao on the oeld, cold ground, in the freez- ing atmosphere of drear November. But now there is another order fresh from head-qoarters at Grab Orchard. Exhausted as they are, soldiers are forbidden to burn rails. They must cut wood for bivouac fire, or sleep in the frosty atmosphere without fires. Orders must be obeyed. Twenty men are detailed to cot wood, and wagons are sent out. Sunset is approaching. Head-quarters, who forty hours ago knew the men were coming, knew they were suffering, had not provided axes. Tet the order was cut vsood. Look at the field adjacent to oamp, and see whether rails were burnt. A member of the Fourteenth, coming in late, reports: *^ I saw a dead man of the Fourteenth, lying on the roadside beyond Mount Vernon.'^ He died of exhaustion. Another says : " I saw another dead man on the roadside to-day." He died of exhaustion. A surgeon says : ^^ I saw two men yesterday in the 1^ stage of exhaus-'' tion. I gave them whiskey to revive Uiem. I could do nothing else. I was complUed to leave them with their comrades, and attend to the sick of my own regiment." They probably died of exhaustion. Ckab Obobakd, November 17. The Thirty-eighth Ohio and the Thirty-third Indiana are coming in slowly. The former was more deliberate, but suffered its proportion. The latter are sleeping in the woods without tents. I know not whether the Tennesseans have got back safely to London. There is not much beanty or gaiety in a sol- dier's life, if it is like this. But the toil, and suffering, and sacrifices, and the manly efforts of brave men obeying orders under circumstances such as I have sketched, are very eloqnent. Will soldiers respect, love, and* cheerfully fight under officers who abuse them as slaves do brntes? The amount of physical suffering caused by this march cannot be computed. None can tell how many sturdy frames will bend under disease contracted from this ruthless exposure. The mortality list of our regiments will shortly begin to make a record. Many of the sick who were dragged out of their beds in the London hospitals, to be tortured on tlie rugged roads, saturated with rain, and chilled with cold, must die. Many of the well must fall ill. Ah, well, there are only two hundred and fifty sick in the Thirty-third Indiana ; only a couple of hundred or so sick in the Fourteenth Ohio ; only a hun- dred or so sick in the Thirty-eighth Ohio ; only several scores sick in the Seventeenth Ohio; only a few hundred altogether. If they die — recruit the regiments. The loss of property is nothing. The Gov- ernment is rich. Only thirty horses, belongins to the Seventeenth Ohio, were knocked up and 808 BEBELLIOir BBOOBD, 1860-61. r€fndered unfit for eervioe, and one died; one wagon was lost and twenty-six thoasand ponnds of ammunition ; about the same report is made by the Fourteenth Ohio ; so with each of the regi- ments. But the moral effect of the ooonter- ^ march is one of its worst features. The monn- taineers of Kentucky regard it a retreat, and the prestige of the victory at Wildcat is turned against us. And so ended the great Cnmber- land Gap Expedition. But I beg yon to wait, readers, for an echo from the Wildcat Brigade. If I mistake not, there will be a fierce growl ere long from the Tennessee Gamp, as vehement as the denunci- ation from ^^ East Tennessee," which yon read a day or two ago in the Commerct^d. And I am iuclined to believe that if the indignant let- ters of the Oliio and Indiana boys are permitted to see the light of public print, none will think I have colored the foregoing picture. W. D. B. Doo. 171. ADVICE TO SOUTHERNERS. The Oharleston Mercury published the fol- lowing 4oon«fter the attack on Port Royal, S.O.: ** Our enemies have invaded South Carolina for two purposes : First, to gratify their hate and revenge ; and second, to gratify their ava- rice. The first we have to meet with fighting; but the last must be defeated by policy, where fighting fails. To defeat their avarice, our pol- icy should be to destroy the objects their avarice proposes to feed on. General plunder is un- doubtedly designed ; but the special objects of their appropriation will undoubtedly be our slaves and cotton. W hat shall we do with them ? Shall we leave them on our plantations to be appropriated by our invaders? It appears to ns, our true policy is, to take off our plantations our slaves, horses and cattle, and to burn np our cotton. To leave our horses to arm them, our cattle to feed them, our slaves to strengthen and our cotton to enrich them, or to run their fSactories, appears to us to be the worst pplicy possible." We imagine the Lincolnites hate all portions of the South alike, and that they would commit as many atrocities on the coasts of Louisiana, if ever they obtain possession, as they will in that part of South Carolina now unfortunately subject to their malign control. Their malig- nity is unparalleled ; it extends to all the Con- federate States in equal proportion, and it leads them to violate all the rules of civilized war- fare. That they contemplate wholesale plunder is unquestionable. Hence, as the exposed planters are bound to lose more or less of property, is it not altogether better tliat they should destrov what they cannot remove than to «UaiK it to faU into the hands of relenllesa 4MilrilHb.-S0d thus permit them to reap iMijfl^ comfort " in consequenet^^^ therefore, heartily endorse the ■nggeBti<m thrown out by onr Charleston contemporary. Let every bale of cotton be burned before a single flake is allowed to go into the grasp of the mthleas in- vader. Indeed, some of the planters on Hflion Head Island have already set the noble example of destroying every partide of property they oould not transport to a place of safety. If* the cotton or other property fiills into the hands of the Lincolnites, the planters lose, while the Lincolnites are correspondingly advantaged; but if the planters burn their cotton tiieir loss will be the sam e, and the abolitionists wiU not be beD^ fited. Neither horses, cattle, hoga, abeep, com nor cotton should be permitted to pass into their possession. All should be removea as fivas prac- ticable, and the remainder destroyed the moment the fact becomes apparent that the enemy can- not be successfully repulsed. By adopting such a course as this the common foe wiU be com- pelled to draw all bis supplies from points some thousands of miles distant, through a costly and hazardous process. The case is a bard one all round; but to our mind, as the Yankees are hovering about our coasts on marandtng expe- ditions, and as they will never pay for any thing they steal or min, it is best to inoonvenieneo them as much as possible, by destroying til things they are bound to capture, rather than let Uiem take, appropriate, and enjoy efieets thus villanously obtained. By way of illustra- tion : There are twelve or fourteen millions of coin in the vaults of the banks of New Orleans. Suppose, for the sake of argument, that New Orleans was bound to succumb before the over- whelming forces of the enemy. WonJd it not be the part of wisdom, policy and patriotism, to sink this twelve or fourteen millions of coin to the bottom of the Mississippi, rather than to al- low it to go into the oofiers of the ** Gorilla ^^ at Washington, to aid them in enslaving and rob- bing the people of Lonisiana and the Sonth ? We " pause for a reply." ^New Orieam Creteenl, Kor. 11 Doo. 172. THE SLAVES NOT EEBELUOUS. LETTEB FBOM OGK. DBATTON TO GOV. PICEXXS. Camp Lkb, Haiu>i«tiu.b, Kov. IS, 19BL To hii Exeelleney^ Governor F, W. Piekau: Sib: At the request of your ExceUen^, made to roe yesterday at these bead-^narten, I have tiie honor of presenting my views of the present attitude and behavior of the negroes in this portion of the State intrasted to my immediate oomraand. So far from there being any insurrectionary feeling among them, I can assure yoor Excel- lency that I have neither seen nor heard of any act of pillaging, incendiarism, or violence ia any direction. It is true that the negroes of a few planta- tions have shown a spirit of insaborduiatioD, by refu^g to move higher np the oonntiy, DOODHEMTab 099 when ordered to do so by their owners, but this disobedience should be assigned rather to a feeling of dismay and utter helplessness at being left alone and unprotected by the precip- itate abandonment by their masters of their plantations, than from any organized plan of resistance to fhe authority they had been ac- customed to obey. But I now feel much satisfaction in stating, for the information of your Excellency, that the negroes are fast recovering from Uieir friglit, and coming forth from their hiding- places, and quietly and submissively resuming their agricultural labors without the guidance or presence, in many instances, of either mas- ter or overseer. In conclusion, I would respectfully advise that aJl planters and overseers, who are not mustered into service, and are owners or agents of property upon the mainland, should, with- out delay, return to their several neighbor- hoods, and thus, by their presence, prevent a recurrence of that excitement among their people which has been due, in a great measure, to their absence. With much respect, your obedient servant, Thomas F. Dbatton, Briffftdier-Gencral, Commandlng'Thlrd MlllUry I>iatrict I>«partment, 8. C. Doo. I72i. CAPTURE OF THE "BEAUREGARD." LIEUTENANT K0GSB8* REPORT. UXITBD 8TATB8 BaHK W. O. AmDHBSOV, ) Bab AX A CuANMBL, Nov. 13) 1861. \ Sib : I last had the honor of addressing you under date of November 4, per schooner J. J. Spencer, enclosing abstract log of the United States bark W. 6. Anderson to that date, and, to my regret, had nothing to report to the de- partment of any moment. I now have tlie gratification to inform you that we have been fortunate enough to capture the rebel privateer schooner Beauregard, one hundred and one tons, of and from Charleston, seven days out, and manned by a captain, two lieutenants, purser, and twenty-three seamen — twenty-seven, all told — and carrying a rifled piv- ot-gun throwing a twenty-four-pound projectile. This occurred under the following circum- stances: Since November 4, we have cruised along to the northward of the West India Isl- ands and passages, steering westwardly, without seeing but one sail. After standing to within seventy miles of the Hole in the Wall, we turned our head to eastward again, and on No- vember 12, in latitude 26**40', longitude 75'*42', at daylight, made a schooner running before the wind toward us. On approaching within four miles he suddenly hauled by the wind, and, as we noticed many men on his decks, we immediately made sail in chase, and in two hours brought her to under our lee, and or- dered the captain on board with his papers. He brought a letter of marque from Jefferson Davia* which he surrendered with his vessel. Vol, ni.— Doc. S4 We pnt a prize-master and crew on board, and transferred the prisoners to our ship, plac* ing them in double-irons. On boarding her, the crew were found in a drunken state, committing all the destruction they could — throwing overboard the arms and ammunition, spiking the gun, and cutting the sails and rigging to pieces. She vas otherwise in bad order and poorly found, and having but a short supply of water, of which we had none to spare, was in no condition to send to Boston. Having twenty-seven prisoners, and no room for them on board the W. G. Anderson, I de- cided, as we were within three days' sail of Key West, to take them and the vessel into that port and deliver them to the proper author- ities, and thence return to my cruising-ground, I also am desirous of procuring, if possible, some ballast^ of which the bark is very much in need. Trusting that my proceedings will meet with your approbation, I have the honor to be, re- spectfully, your obedient servant, William 0. Rogbbb, A. V. Lieut. Comm'g XT. 8. Bark W. O. AQdenoo. Hon. Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy. Doo. 178. GOVERNMENT FOR NORTH CAROLINA. Thb Provisional State Government for North Carolina was formally instituted on the 18th of November, by a Convention of dele- gates and proxies representing forty-five coun- ties of the State. The following ordinances were unanimously adopted : JBy the People of the State of North Carolina^ as represented in Convention at Satteras^ Monday, Nov. 18, 1861. Be it ordained by this Convention, and it is hereby ordained and published by the author- ity of the same : I. That this Convention, on behalf of the people of North Carolina, and acknowledging the Constitution of the United States of Amer- ica as the supreme law of the land, hereby de- clares vacant all State offices, the incumbents of which have disqualified themselves to hold them by violating their oaths to support the Federal Constitution. II. That the ofiice of Governor of this Com- monwealth having been vacated by the death of John W. Ellis, and by the active treason to the Union of his constitutional successor. Act- ing Governor Clark, therefore Marble Nash Taylor be hereby appointed and declared Pro- visional Governor of North Carolina. ni. That the Constitution of this State and its amendments, together with the statutes and laws thereof, as contained in the Revised Code put in operation January 1, 1856, be declared continued in full force; also such subsequent 400 BEBELUOK SBOMD, 1860-61. Hcts of the General Assembly afl were not adopted in contravention of the National Ck>n* atitution, or in derogation of its authority. IV. That the ordinance of the Convention which assembled at Raleigh on the 20th of May last, proclaiming the secession of this Common- wealth from the Federal Union, snch secession being legally impossible, is of no force or effect ; and said ordinance, together with all other or« dinances and acts of said Convention, or of the General Assembly, made and done in pursuance of the treasonable purposes of the conspirators against the Union, is hereby declared ab initio null and void. Y. That whereas it is desirable that this State shall be represented in the Federal Con- gress, and maintain her due weight in the councils of the Union, therefore the Provisional Governor be directed hereby to order special elections, in accordance with chapter sixty- nine of the Revised Code, as soon as practi- cable and expedient, in any district or districts now unrepresented. And, in view of the preva- lence of armed rebellion and disorder in many portions of this Commonwealth; the Governor IS hereby directed to issue his certificates of election upon presentation of such evidence as shall satisfy him of the fact of an election. YI. That the Governor be authorized and empowered to fill such official vacancies by temporary appointment, and to do such acts as, in the exercise of a sound discretion, he may deem expedient for the safety and good order of the State. The Convention adjourned, subject to be re- assembled upon the call of the President. GOV. TAYLOR'S PROCLAMATION. BTin or NoRTB Caboluia, Bxboutitb DaPABTXSirT. To the People of North Carolina : Whereas, an ordinance of the Convention of Korth Carolina, passed on Monday, the 18th Noveml>er, 1861, directs the Provisional Gov- ernor of this Commonwealth in the following words, to wit : ^* Whereas, it is desirable that this State shall be represented in the Federal Congress, and maintam her due weight in the councils of the Union, therefore, the Provision- al Governor be directed hereby to order special elections in accordance with chapter sixty-nine of the Revised Code, as soon as possible and expedient, in any district or districts now un- represented ; ^* and whereas the Revised Code of this State, chapter sixty-nine, and section fifth, provides as follows, to wit : " If, at any time, after the expiration of any Congress, and before another election, or if at any time after any election, there shall be a vacancy in the representation in Congress, the Governor shall issue a writ of election, and by proclamation shall require the voters to meet in their respec- tive counties, at snch time as may be appointed therein, and at the places established by law, then and there to vote for a representative in Congress to fill the vacancy, and the election shall be conducted in like manner as regdor I elections.^ And it appearing that the seoood Congressional district is^nrepresented. Now, therefore, I, Marble Nash Taylor, Gov- ernor of the State of North Carolina, do hereby notify and require the good and loyal people of the second Congressional district of Uiis State, qualified to vote for mItoberB of the House of Commons of the General Assembly, to attend at the several voting places in the said district, on Thursday, the 88m day of No- vember, 1861, and cast their ballots for a rep- resentative of the State in CongreiB. In witness whereof, I have herennto set my hand and caused the great seal of the State to be affixed, at Hatteras, this, the eigbte^th day of November, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of the United States the eighty-sizth. Mabblb Nabh Tatloil By the Governor, Alotjzo J. Srow, Private Seeretaty. Hattibab, Not. 18, 1861. Doo. iTi. ALBERT PIKE'S "SAFEGUARD." Wasbixotox, Vow. 18, 186L A LETTEB from A. G. Boone, Indian Agent for Upper Arkansas, has been received at the Indian Bureau, enclosins letters of aafegnard is- sued by Albert Pike, who calls himself " Com- missioner of the Confederate States " to the In- dian nations and tribes west of Arkansas, in favor of a band of the Comanches. This docQ- ment was obtained from the band in oonndL They were greatly astonished on being in- formed that they had made a treaty with ene- mies of the Government and of their Great Father at Washington, and wished the ssie^ guard to be sent to Wa^ington to be destroyed, or used as their Great Father miriit see fit. Armed Indians are at Fort Wise in great numbers, and are anxious to make a treaty and enter in the agency at that place. They num- ber fiYe hundred or six hundred lodges, and, from their number and bravery, more troabk may be apprehended from them than from all other tribes, if they are not satisfied. The fol- lowing is a copy of a safeguard : LXTTEBS OF BAPSOUABD. The Confederate States of America, to all their officers, civil and military, and to all other persons to whom these presents shall come: The bearer of this is Bls-te-va-na, the princi- pal chief of the Ya-pa-rih-ca band of the Ne-nm or Comanches of the prairie, and those who accompany him are the head men of that band; all of whom have this day condoded and signed in behalf of the whole Ta-pa-rih-ca band articles of a convention of peace tnd friendship between that band and otho- bands of the Ne-nm with us, and have thereby agreed to settle and live upon reservea in the ooontij DOGU]IK!ffT& 401 between Bed River and the Oanadian, leased b^ ns from the Ohoctawaand Ohidcasawa; and the said chief has also agreed to Tisit the other bands of the Ne-nm, not parties to the same oonvention, and now on the Staked Plun and elsewhere, and persuade them also to settle apoQ reaerres in the same countrj. We have aooordinglj taken the said chief and the said head men and all other persons of both sexes and all ages, of the said Ya-pa-rih- oa band, from this day forward, under oar pro- tection, nntil thej shall for jost caose forfeit the same, and that forfeiture be declared by Qs; and we have therefore granted and do grant to them and to eadi of them these our UBTTXItS or SAFEOITABD, for their protection, and to avul each and all of them as far aa our authoritj and jurisdiction extends. YoQ are therefore hereby charged to respect these letters, and gire all tiie said persons pro- tection and safe-conduct; and any infraction by any of you of this safeguard, will be visited by us with all the penalties due to tho^e who violate the public futh, and dishonor the Oon* federacy. In testimony whereof Albert Pike, Ck>m- fsEAL 1 ™i^'^>'®^ ^^ ^^® Oonfederate States to ^ '^ all the Indian nations and tribes west of those States, doth hereunto set his hand and affix the seal of his arms. Done and granted at the Agency of the Oon- federate States for the Oomanches, Wichitas, and other bands of Indians near the False Wa- shita River, in the leased country aforesaid, this twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- one. Albbbt Pizb, CommtMioner of the Confederate States to the Indlaa NatloDB and Tribes wett of Arkansas. Coaoterslgned, Wm. Quesbnburt, Beoietary to the Ccmmialoiier. SPEECH OF JUDGE 0. P. DALY, ON THE PRBSESTATION OF FLAOS TO THE SIXTY- HINTH BEQUfKNT N. T. 8. V., NOV. 18, 1861. Col. NuoBsrr : I am requested by this lady beside me, Mrs. Cbaflin, the daughter of an Iriahman, and the Wife of an officer in the regular army of the United States, and by the ladies associated with her, to offer to your regi- ment the accompany iDg stand of colors. In committing to your charge these two flags, I need scarcely remind you that the history of the one is pregnant with meaning in the light which it sheds upon the history of the other. This green flag, with its ancient harp, its burst of sunlight, and its motto from Ossian in the Irish tongue, recalls through the long lapse of many centuries, the period when Ireland was a nation, and conveys more eloquently than by words how her nationality was lost through the practical working of that doctrine of secession for which the rebelliona States of the South have taken up arms. The period of Ireland's great- ness was attained when the petty princes, who ruled separate parts of the country, and kept it in unceasing turmoil, were Anally subdued, and the spectacle of a united people under one Government was presented in the wise and beneficent administration of that truly great monarch, the illastrious Brian Boroihme, (tre- mendous cheering.) It is that happy period in Ireland^s history upon which her bards love to dwell, her historians dilate, and around which cluster the proudest of her historical recollec- tions. By what means was that nationality ex- tinguished, and when did Ireland^s miseries be- gin ? When her ambitious leaders, the Jeffer- son Devises of that period, overthrew the fabric of the National Government, and instituted in its stead distinct and separate sovereigntiesi through whose internal weakness and clashing interests Ireland was finally brought under the power of that stalwart English monarchy that has since held her in its iron grasp. Does an Irishman, therefore, ask what his duty is in this contest? Let him learn it in the history of his own country, in the story of that green flag ; let him, contempUting the sorrows of his mother Erin, " remember the days of olda Ere her faithless sous beirayed her.^ What is asked of an Irishman in this crisis ? He is asked to preserve that Government which Montgomery died to create, and which those Irishmen who signed the Declaration of Inde- pendence, G^rge Taylor, James Smith, and Matthew Thornton, meant to transmit, with its manifold blessings, to every Irishman who should make this country the land of his adop- tion. To the Irish race it has been, in every sense, a country — a country where their native energy and stimulated industry have met with their appropriate reward ; and where they have ei\|oyea an amount of political consequence, and exercised a degree of political influence, not found in the land of their nativity. ennobling responsibility. Ton have chosen to be known bj the number of a regiment already distinguished in the beginning of this contest, the reputation of which you have assumed to maintain. But more than this, you, and the organization to which you belong, have desig- nated yourselves by the proudest name in Irish military annals — that of the ** Irish Brigade." That celebrated corps achieved its historical re- nown, not through the admitted bravery of its members merely, but chiefly by the perfection of its discipline, and it will be precisely in the proportion that you imitate it in this respect, that you will or will not be known hereafter. The selection of such a name only renders the contrast more glaring in the event of inefficien- cy and incompetency, and it were well, there- fore, that both officers and men should remem- ber that, if any part of the glory which the Irish Brigade achieved upon the plains of Ra- mlUies, the heights of Fontenoy, and at the gate of Cremona, is to descend upon them, it will be not by adopting its name, but by proving here- after, by their discipline and by their deeds, that they are worthy to bear it (Enthusiastic plau- dits.) You, too, Col. Nugent, have your own responsibility. You bear the name of that gallant GoL Nugent, who, at the head of the Irish horse at the battle of Spires, broke the oomnuct infantry of the Prince of Hesse, and decided the fortune of the day. The Irish sol- dier has been distinguished by military critics for his recognition of the necessity of implicit military obedience, for the cheerfulness with which he endures tlie privations and hardships incident to a military life, and for his daring im- petuosity in batt]^. Look to it that you main- tain that character. Sir Charles Napier has borne the highest compliment to the merits of a disciplined Irish regiment in the account which he gives of the one led by him at the battle of Meeanee, in the war of Scinde, and which he calls " magnificent Tipperary ! " With this single corps of but four hundred men and two thousand native troops, he encountered and defeated twenty-eight tnousand of the war- like Beloochees. (Great cheering.) Of the decisive charge with the bayonet he glowinsly tells us how this thoroughly disciplined Irish regiment moved as on a review across a plain swept by the fire of the enemy, the men keep- ing touch and step, and looking steadfastly in the faces of their foe. (Cheers.) These are examples of Irish valor, when regulated by discipline, which, if you may not rival, you can at least strive to imitate. JEFF. THOMPSOITS EXPLOIT AT FBICB^B ULNDIKO, MO., KOVSICBXB 18, 1861. A 00BBB8P0NDBNT at St Louls, Mo., giftf the following account of this affiur:— B. F. Livingston, the agent deputed by the n. S. Government to travel on the atesmer Platte Valley, was pat in charge of that steaxser at Cape Girardeau, and broagbt her to tiiis port. We learn from him some intererting particulars of the trip of the boat since she left Cairo, IlL When opposite Price's landing, ibe boat was hailed from shore by two men, attired in military overcoats, who were sapposed to be Federal scouts. It turned out however, that they were the redoubtable Jeff. Thompsoo and his adjutant. As soon as the boat waa made fast to the bank, Jeff, raised his hand, and in- stantly two hundred men sprung in view from their places of concealment in the immediate vicinity, and quickly one hundred rushed od board, preceded by Jeff, himself. The kadff inquired for the captain of the boat, and asked offer, as the gift of my wife, I think, the first fiag j if the Platte Valley was a Government ateamerj presented to a regiment departlog tern this i Disoovering that ^e waa not, he said he wooia city for the defence of the Of that regiment, the old were the second in ital. pA not itnnre her, but if abe was a Govemoeot boat, he would have sacked and bamed btf, but he would not interfere with private ptop* DOOOHJENIH 4M ert^r* He then requested all the Groyennnent officers to appear before him, and qaestioned them as to their names, regiments, dec, and made prisoners of them. There were on board Oftptain Larrison, Lientenant Denny, and a nunber of non-oommissioned officers, passen- gers on their waj to St. Louis. Jeff, talked with uiem a while, and ooncladed to let them go on giring their parole, which they did. Mr. Livingston, not being connected with the military, gave no parole. The names, regi- ments, and other particulars were written down, and ti^ey were molested no farther. Jeff, and bis band were exceedingly elated at the success of the exploit. He said he intended to take every thing he conld lay his hands on belonging to the Government At Jeff/s reqaest, the captain of the boat had a barrel of common whiskey rolled out for the benefit of the band, who were soon enjoying themselves filling and empty itig caps and glasses. Fearing that Jeff, wonld attempt to secure Government doca- ments, Mr. Livingston, having important ones from Gen. Grant, &c., at once had them hidden. No sooner had he done this, than a search of rooms began for documents, which proved fruitless, as far as those^n the possession cf Mr. Livingston were concerned. Jeff, saw a gentleman on board, an old ac- quaintance, and asked hira if he remembered how they both got drunk at the railroad cele- bration at Atchison over a year ago? On being answered, he said that he had not been taking any thing strong since that time, but imme- diately afterward asked his old friend to the bar, and swallowed about three inches of whiskey. Jeff, was quite communicative, saying, among other things, that he and his men hful ridden fifty-three miles in less than ten hours, starting the previous day at four o^clock. He was at Price's Landing when the gunboat came up to escort the Maria Denning, and was so dose, his marksmen could have killed every man on board. He had four more cannon in the brush than those visible, and had a fulF regiment of Indians back of the place, and almost within hail. The seizure of the Platte Valley took place on Tuesday between four and five o'clock. He intimated bis intention of leaving, and as the boat was about leaving also, he told the captain that he would show him how easy it would have been for him to sink the boat. He fired two shots, one from a twelve and the other from a six pounder, which fell near the opposite shore. Every man of his party was well mounted, and armed to the teeth with a pair of pistols, a knife and gun, and some had sabres ; most of them were well clothed. Another thing Jeff. said was, that he was after the Maria Denning. He knew she wonld be guarded, and that he could not take her, but he wanted to sink her, and ** by G^— d ** she would not get down to Oairo, as he and a squad of his men would be foood behind every paw- paw bush between Price's Landing and Oairo. This is a specimen of Jeff.'s gasconading. The Maria Denning did get safe to Oairo in spite of him. When leaving, his men gave three cheers for Jeff. Davis, and three more for Jeff. Thompson. Daring all this, a large number of women on horseback were in the vicinity, but merely looked on. It is supposed they travel with the brigands. The boat crossed the river, where a man was put out by the Government agent, with orders to ride to Oairo with all speed, and inform the "authorities of the state of affairs. The mes- senger rode the dbtance, twenty-five miles, in two hours. Soon after reaching Oape Girardeau, five hundred men went down the river on the Illinois. The boat had not been long at Oape Girardeau, when Oapt Wm. 0. Postal and Messrs. White and Lyle were arrested by order of the provost marshal, Oapt. Warner, on a suspicion of dis- loyalty. They were given quarters at the Johnson House. A lady named Mrs. Brown, accompanied by a lieutenant of the Federal army, wont on board the boat at Oape Girardeau. She seemed to bo on terms of intimacy with Mr. White. His arrest may have been caused by the fact we learned soon after, that this lady's husband was in a rebel camp. She was overheard to say that " she was travelling around to see what she could.'' A search of the rooms and pas- sengers was instituted, and Mrs. Brown was seen to bum several letters. When asked why she did so, she said they were " kind o' " love letters, from St. Louis, etc. This was corroborated by the young lieutenant who accompanied her on board. The search was conducted by the provost marshal, and we un- derstand he arrested Mrs. Brown, as well as the captain and clerk of the boat, and probably the lieutenant and others. Doo. 177. PEOOLAMATION OF GOV. HARRISw* EXBCUTXTB HlAD-QCTARTIRB, ) Nabbtills, TiHH., Nov. 10, 1801. \ To the Officers in command of the Militia of the State of Tennessee in the Second, Third and Fourth Divisions: Thb danger of invasion upon the part of the Federal forces is imminent. This inva- sion threatens the quiet and security of your homes, and involves the security of your sacred rights of person and property. The warning example of Maryland, Missouri and Kentocky bids you, if you would preserve your firesidesw your homes, and the sanctity of your wives and daughters, to meet the despotic invader and his minions at the threshold of your State and drive him back. Let the soil of Tennessee be preserved from his unhallowed touch, and let him know that in defence of our liberties and our altars every Tennesseean is ready to yield. 4M BEBELUON BSCX»D, 1860-61. Up his life. General A. B. Johiuton, oommand- ing the forces of the OoDfiederate States in this department, iD vieir of this threatened danger, has called upon me to send to the field such force as can be armed bj the State. In obedience to which requisition, and to repel Uie invader, thirty thousand of the militia of this State are hereby called to the field. Officers in command of the militia of the Second, Third and Fourth divisions, will hold their conmiands in readiness to receive march- ing orders by the 26th instant, nnless in the mean time a sufficient number of volunteers' shfdl have tendered their services to fill this requisition. ' Special orders to the commanders of the military, apportioning this requisition among the diffisrent brigades of said divisions, will be immediately foni^^arded, accompanied with such instructions and directions as may be necessary for the movement of troops to the place of ren- dezvous. In the mean time, captains will direct their companies to parade on some given day, with whatever arms they may have, and they will take all other proper and legal steps to possess the arms within the bounds of their respective districts, and immediately report to the com- manding officer of their regiments the number of arms and accoutrements, as well as the strength of their companies. IsHAM G. Hajsbis. Doo. 178. MESSAGE OF JEFFERSOK DAVIS, KOVSMBSB 19, 1861. |
github_open_source_100_1_514 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.util.TreeMap;
public abstract class Mob
{
public double x, y;
public double spawnX, spawnY;
public double respawnTimeLeft = 3;
public double respawnMaxTime = 3;
public PolyShape p;
public int levelIndex;//same as it's PlatipusMap container.
private boolean collidable = false;
boolean flaggedForRemoval = false;//server only
public int ID = -1;
//public static abstract String getImageFileName // image name is just .getClass() + ".png";
public abstract boolean collidable();
public static final double ddy = -2.90;//ddy is used for gravity.
public Mob()
{
}
public static Rectangle getCollideRectangle(Mob m, double x, double y)
{
return new Rectangle((int)(x-m.getWidth()/2), (int)(y), m.getWidth(), m.getHeight());
}
public static Rectangle getClickRectangle(Mob m, double x, double y)
{
return new Rectangle((int)(x-m.getWidth()/2), (int)(y + m.getHeight()), m.getWidth(), m.getHeight());
}
public abstract void setFacingLeft(boolean left);
public abstract boolean facingLeft();
public abstract int getWidth();
public abstract int getHeight();
public abstract int getImageIndex();
public abstract void onPlayerCollideClient(Player p);
public abstract void move(TreeMap<Integer, Player> players);
public abstract void definePolyShape(double x, double y);
public Mob(double x, double y)
{
this.x = x; this.y = y;
definePolyShape(x,y);
}
public static final String[] names = {"bloop", "bunny"};
public static int getValue(String name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++)
{
if (names[i].equals(name))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
public static String getName(int value)
{
return names[value];
}
public String toFile()
{
String out = "";
out += this.getClass().getName() + "\r\n";
return out;
}
public Mob(String in)
{
//do nothing
}
public static int pint(String s)
{
return Integer.parseInt(s);
}
public String toSocketString()//is overwritten by subclasses
{
return this.getClass().getName();
}
public String toUpdateString()
{
String out = ID + " " + (int)x + " " + (int)y + " " + playerIntersected + " " + Compactor.booleanToDigit(facingLeft());
return out;
}
public int playerIntersected = -1;
public abstract void draw(Graphics2D g, double rw, double rh, int h, int hShift, int vShift);
} |
3236447_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | Affirmed..
|
github_open_source_100_1_515 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /* defer.h
Copyright (C) 1993, 2001, 2004, 2006-2007, 2010, 2014-2015 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */
struct deferment
{
struct deferment *next;
struct cpio_file_stat header;
};
struct deferment *create_deferment (struct cpio_file_stat *file_hdr);
void free_deferment (struct deferment *d);
|
nuovodizionario06unkngoog_28 | Italian-PD | Public Domain | • Untooae e bagnate d^a- e^pia Untnoae d^aafidto .. Untooae d^aalalto e ba- gnate d^acqna . .. Sema intonaco .. Intonacate dMio Intonacate di aevo. Intonacate d'on misco- glio di strutto e piomba g gine ...... Untuose dopo' intona cate d'eolio .... Untuose dupo intona- cate di strutto e piombag gine o,o65 0,166 01x94 0,161 0,091 O9086 Si doTraono considerare queste circostanze tutti ({uei pernii il cui intonaco noi aia di continuo rio no fato. Rinnovando di continuo rin- tonaco. Quando IHntonaco ai rinnovi nel solito modo. Le anperficie cominciano al logorarai. 0,1 85 0,093 0,093 0,109 0,100 0,143 Rinnovando di continuo Vi tonaca GCARCIALETTO GUAHOIALBTTO 575 mmmm wm Indicanone della natura delle ^perfide a contatto. Pernii di Cerro tu guancialetti di gkiia Stato delle nperieie. Re laxioae fra Tattrilo e la prettSone. Oiierraiboi Intonacate d'eolio d^nlifa,! u,o54 di strutto o di lero. 1 0,070 a 0,080 I Intonacate d^oKo dViTa, di atmtto o di f cto.. Pernii di ferro su guancialetti di bronzo. BinnoTando di eontinno rin-l . tonaeo. RinDov«n<Ì> V intonaco m •olito modo. Pernii di ferro fU landaletti di gnaiaco. Pernii di bronzo sa incialetti di bronzo. Intonacate di strutto e piombaggine . . • Intonacate di sugna .. Intonacate di.asialto • • Untuose e bagnate di a- cqua Intonacate d^olio. Intonacate di strutto Untuose .... 0,054 0,070 a 0,080 0,111 0*090 0,090 0,189 Intonacate d^olio. Intonacate di sero. Pernii dì bronzo so guancialetti di ghisa Pernii di guaiaeo su guancialetti di ghisa. Pernii di guaiaeo su dialetti di guaiteo. Intonacate d^olio Intonacate di sero Intonacate di strutto. Untuose .... • • Intonacate di strutto 0,114 0,1 35 0,188 0,101 0,093 o,o5a 0,045 0,116 0,1 53 o 070 Rinnovando di continao rin<' tonaeo. Rinnovandosi rintonaco nel solito modo. Senza che rintonaco si rin- novi di 'contìnuo. La sugna i un pò* dura. Idem, Le superfide cominciano logorarsi.' Rinnovando V intonaco nel solito modo. Rinnorando V intonaco ne^ solito modo. Rinnorando cU continuo Ho- tona co. Rinnovando V intonaco nel solito modo. Rinnovando di continuo rin- tonaco. 3^6 GuAHCuuno Dall^ insieme dei risuItamenU delle e- sperìenve fio qoi riferite è dimostrato che le leggi stabilitesi per Tattrìto delle superficie piane che scorrono le une sul- le altre (Y. attrito) sono parimenti ap- plicabili a quello degli assi sui loro guan- dalelti ; ma che il valore da assegnarsi in ciascun caso alla relaiiona fra Tattrito e la pressione dipende dal modo come rin- tonaco adoperato si sparge e rinnovasi sulle superficie di contatto, d^onde risulta il vantaggio, ed anzi la necessità, degli ap- parecchi adattati a produrre questa ali- mentazione. Si può inoltre conchiudere àt tutte queste esperienze che pei pernii di ferro e di ghisa su guancialetti di ghi- sa o di bronzo intonacati d^olio, di strut- to, o di sevo, che sono le circostanze più comuni nella pratica, la relazione fra Tat- trìto, e la pressione è la stessa ed ha per Talora o,o54 quando le superficie sono di continuo alimentate d* intonaco ^0,070 • 0,080 quando sono alimentate d*ontu- me nel solito modo • finalmente o,x4o a 0,160 quando sono un poco untuo- se, asciutte o bagnate di acqua ; questi tre risultamenti i ommarii nei quali rias- sumonsi quasi tutti quelli ottenuti, sono que^ medesimi che li ottennero dalle e- aperienze luirattritu degli stessi corpi al- lo stato di superficie piane che scorrono le une sulle altre, e sono facili a tenersi a memoria per le loro applicazioni. Quantunque però sia importante la circostanza del diverso attrito che danno i guancialetti, secon>lo la materia onde sono formati, non è questa sola conside- razione che devesi prendere a guida nella scelta del materiale, ecsenclovene alcune altre ('he qui ci faremo ad esporre breve- mente. Si comprende che il materiale dei guancialetti esser dee sempre in una cer- ta relazione con quello dei pezzi che de- vono scorrervi sopra. £ massima generale GOANaALBTTO rhei goancialetti abbiano ad essere pia te- neri delPalbero che vi poggia sopra^ poi- ché è di molta più importanza la conser- vazione di questo, che è appunto lo sco- po che si ha di mira nel fare i guancia- letti ; e poiché in questo contatto ed in questo attrito una delle due parti esser dee pure distrutta, meglio é che sia que- sta il guancialetto che può facilmente can- giarsi. Supponendo .Passe di ferro i guan- cialetti si fanno solitamente di un metallo fusibile composto di stagno, di piombo e d^antimonio o di zinco, variando le pro- porzioni dì que«ti metalli secondo che il peso degli alberi esige che la lega sia più o meno dura ; in generale si dee porre poco piombo, poiché mesciuto alPolio forma assai più poltiglia degli altri metalli; é perciò cheoonadottossi la lega da carat- teri che sì era proposta come utile pel suo basso prezzo. Il costruttore dovrà stabilire le proporzioni egli stesso secondo la for- za che dee avere l'attrito. Quel mt-tallo che Vendesi già preparato pei gunnciblet- ti serve ottimamente pei tornii ed altri si» mili strumenti, ma nelle grandi pressioni fa troppa poltiglia. JBsperimentossi il rauie puro o ridotto in ottone, e molti ne van- tano il buon efietto; ma, lasciando anche l'alto suo prezzo e la difficoltà di fonderla, écertochecót tempo corrode gli assi. Sic- come li logora uniformemente e sema al- terarne sensibilmente la rotondità, questo inconveniente non é di grande eniitàpegli alberi il cui movimento sia rotatorio sem- plicemente,ma per quelli che devono muo- versi ad elice, cioè con moto progressivo e rotatorio ad un tempo, come.per esempio, pel tornio in aria , il difetto diviene maggiore e radicale ed essendo distrut- ta la forma perfettamente cilindrica, cagio- na la totale rovina delPasse. Il metallo da campane secondo Perckins dà buonissi- mi guancialetti quando sia preso al fondo del crogiuolo sotto uua grande pressione. GUAKCIALETTO Può anche servire vantaggiofamènle per questo Ufo il metallo bianco ^ ma tutte queste co/n posizioni formate per la mag- gior parte di rame saranno dìCficilmente adottate nelle officine, per la difficoltà di fonderle e di gettarle, principalmente, e perchè Pesperienza non ha ancora pro- feto abbastanza che non intacchino gli assi. Non entreremo adunque in nn esa- me diligente intorno ad esae, giacché non potrebbesi trarne altra conclusione che un^ ipotesi più o meno fondata. Qaanto ai guancialetti di guaiaco, di mandorb e di altri legni duri che conseryano benis sino le sostanze lubriBcanti] come abbia- mo veduto, in alcune circostanze danno realmente un buon servigio ; ma, cosa dif ficile molto a spiegarsi, hanno grande a- zione sul ferro né si devono impiegare che^quando le parti sfreganti abbiano un movimento rotatorio soltanto. Nulla avvi adunque di stabilito definitivamente quan- to alla materia da adoperarsi di prefe- renza, e vediamo anoora la prativa essere incerta e seguirsi più generalmente il mez- zo che è più facile ; coti nella maggior parte delle officine i materiali più usitati sono varie leghe di stagno, antimonio e zinco, ciascun artigiano avendo ricette particolari che sostiene essere le migliori delle altre tutte. Questi guancialetti logo- randosi poco, non attaccando il ferro, du- rando a lungo,e potendo essere facilmen- mente cangiati, sembrano a molti mecca- nici dover soddisfare a coloro che non do- mandino una decisione assoluta su quel- lo che sarebbe il meglio reale. Il compi- latore di questo Supplimento ricorda a tale proposito il desiderio da lui espresso alla parola BnoRzinA che venisse provalo Tuso delle scatole stoppate in sostituzione dei guanciolelti. Dopo avere esaurite in varie prove la serie de^ materiali meno duri del ferro^ come il corno, F osso, Pavorio e gli altri Suppl Di%. Tecn. T. XII. Gdavcialetto 377 onde abbiamo parlato, si fece V esperien- za di adoperare materiali più duri di quel metallo, dando loro per altro una tal politura che non permettesse alle mo- lecole di fare ira loro quella specie di in- granaggio donde viene la corrosione. Questi materiali furono V acciaio tempe- rato ben duro e la ghisa bianca di minor valore. In tal e«io avvi realmente nn vautaggio, giacché i guancialetti si logora- no assai meno, né più cangian di forma e r olio mantiene a lungo la sua trasparen- za. Ma di contro a questi vantaggi stan- no gravi inconvenienti, sensibili special- mente nella pratica in grande. I guan- cialetti diaccialo sono molto cari, poiché sovente screpolano nel temperarsi, e la menoma screpolatura diviene causa della pronta distrutione delP asse. La ghisa non presenta questo svantaggio ; ma in- vece non é facile fonderla e gettarla, né si può lavorare con le lima ; tutti due poi SODO difficili a polirai, e qui occorre che sieno bruniti eonse uno specchio. Tuttavia queste difficoltà non sono queHe che fac- ciano crescere maggiormente il prezzo di quelli guancialetti che divengono carissi- mi per r esattezza che esigono nel loro adaltauiento. Fa dWpo che le superfi- cie pulite sieno perfetta luen te paralelle al cilindro che dee girarvi sopra, poiché la menoma deviazione in uno dei due o dei quattro guancialetti, cagiona la perdita del tempo impiegato a porre iu ordine gli altri, e solca i perni degli alberi con una profondità uguale alla devinzìone, giacché in tal caso non é V albero che si adatta sui guancialetti logorandoli, ma bensì i guancialetti che logorano i perni delP albero alterandone la forma. Un mezzo semplice ed economico di fare i guancialetti di acciaio pegli alberi delle macchine leggere, indicheremo più innanzi parlando della forma migliore dei guancia- letti. Riassumendo crediamo che il co- 48 58o GciJICIALBTTO letto ben [ireito riscaldasi per quanto ben mantenuta sia V applicazione delP olio destinato a lubri6carlo. Allora il riscal- damento scema la coesione notabilmente ed il guancialetto prontamente corrodesi. Tostochè comincia questo tristo effetto il male rapidamente si aggrava, impercioc- ché il pernio logorando il gusncialetto e caricandosi del metallo di esso ridotto in polvere impalpabile, l'untumesi va sempre più ispessendo e P attrito prontamente cresce de! doppio. Se non arrestaosi sul momento i progress) della corrosione vedonsi i gunnuialetti provar più guasto e logorìo nel corso di un* ora che in un anno di regolare andamento. Tostochè adunque si vede che un guancialetto ri- scaldasi e che il pernio si carica di une tinta di rame, di bronzo o simile, duopo è fermare la macchina e regolare con biet> te i porta-guancialetti, snettare il pernio ugnandolo abbondantemente e facendolo girare dopo averlo asperso con fiore di zolfo, sostanza che, quantunque noo sem- bri mordente, basta tuttavia a staccare il metallo. Si giogne a nettare affatto il pernio asciugandolo frequentemente, can- giando ogni Tolta r olio ed il fiore di zol- fo, e prolungando V operazione quanto occorre. In alcuni casi si possono smon- tare i guancialetti ed il pernio e snettarli a parte, ma per le grandi ruote si prefe- risce il metodo che obbiamo indicato che non impedisce il lavoro della macchina o della officina. Gli inconvenienti che abbiamo indica- ti impediscono in molti casi di valersi utilmente di porta-gonncifiUtti nei quali i guancialetti possano alturii od abbas- sarsi con viti per addattarsi al colloca- mento dai pezzi ed alle variationi di li- vello. Alcuni meccanici vantano tuttavia questi porta-guancialelti assicurando es- sersene trovati contentissimi. Crediamo nulladimeno da preferirsi quelli fissi qaan- GUASCIILBTTO do il peso da sostenersi è asfai grande, serbandosi aUora il mezzo di alzare od ab- bassare il porta-goancialeti a volontà col porre sotto allo zoccolo di ghisa S un altro zoccolo di legno che si può cangia- re od assottigliar quando occorre. Si può fare in guisa che il porta-guan- cialetti abbia anche la possibilità di avan- zare o retrocedere nel senso longitudinale senza nuocere alla sua stabilità fissando il suo zoccolo a coda di rondine nelP in- telaiatura di legname, a quella guisa che vedasi in a nella fig. 5, e tenendolo al ponto conveniente mediante cunei bent stretti a colpi di martello. Le chiavarda che attraversano Io zoccolo servono del resto ad assicnrarlo compiutamente. Quando il porta-guancialetti dee porsi sopra un muro, giova che la pietra che lo sostiene sia ipolto lunga e larga, e spespe volte ancora invece di questa pietra si stabilisce al di sotto dei porta- guancialetti, come vedasi nella figura, una trave di le- gno E piuttosto grossa. Se gli scuotimen- ti hanno da essere considerabili si ha cu- ra ^i unire parecchi strati di pietre me- diante le chiavarde che fissano il porta- guancialetti sul muro. A tal fine forensi questi itrati con una trivella di un dia- metro più grande di quello delle chia- varde, ad oggetto di potervi far passare la testa e in cui è T impostatura ed un foro nel qoale mettesi una chiavetta per impedir loro di girare quando serran- si i dadi. Al di sotto del foro fatto nel muro ponesi una girella più larga del foro stesso e bucata nel mezzo di un foro uguale alla grossezza del fusto della chia- varda. Si vede che quando stringunsi i dadi g tutto il sistema liesce della mag- giore solidità. Per accrescere questa solidità alcuni fanno negli strati delle pietre calettature che le tengano legate insieme. Ma queste, siccome osserva Sganzin nel suo Corso di Gdahcialetto costruzione, impediscono che li io?rap- po»ixione deUe pietre ed il legame delle malte «eno tanto perfetti, il che le rende presioehò inutili se non pure dannose. Nella 6g. 5 può vedersi che tolti e due i guancialetti sono abbracciati dalle pareti dello zoccolo, il che si pratica per impe- dire al csppello di Iraballare. Yedesi pu- re nella fig. 6 che il goancialetto dee al- quanto risaltare oltre all« pareli della ghisa lateralmente, per imptdire che Tas- se girevole F soffreghi contro di essa con la sqa impostatura. Una maniera as- sai semplice di lavorare perfettamen- te questi guancialetti si è quella di fon- derli di un solo pezzo, di cilindrarot il vano interno dandogli il diametro con- veniente, poi di segare il pezzo in due. • Allorquando la spìnta non si fa duello in basso, si devono disporre i porta-guao* cialtìtti in maniera che la risultante delle pressioni che provano durante il movimen» to sia presso a poco perpendicolare allo zoccolo. In tal guisa si evita di caricare il cappello e le chiavarde, i quali non de- vono servire che a tener lontana la pol- vere o tutto al più a tenere a luogo V al- bero girevole e ad impedirgli di spostarsi per effetto del suo peso quando la mac- china si arresta, né la risultante delle pres- sioni si applica più sol guancialetto onde è guernito lo zoccolo. Così vedonsi mol- ti porta- guancialetti fissati orizzontal- mente sopra traverse, o altri la posi- zione dei qoali si è stabilita dietro i ri- flessi che abbiamo espofti fin qui. Da a1> cuni anni si oromisero i guancialetti per alcuni alberi che non sostengono graudi sforzi, essendo allora sui pnria-guancialet- ti medesimi che V asse gira. Questa di- sposizione serve abbastanza bene quando si può impedire che le superficie sfregan- ti si alterino ; ma siccome gli alberi non molto caricati girano soliiamente assai presto, cosi la menoma negligenza cagio- GuAtlCULBTTO 5 8 1 na il riscaldamento e la coesione più age- volmente.. Il grande inconveniente dei guancia- letti che siamo andati fin qui descrivendo si è che non logorandosi che in un solo punto, che è quello alla parte inferiore, se il corpo che gira è carìrato d^ alto in basso, o lateratmete, se questo pezzo è spinto lateralmente come nel tornio, il logorìo riduce ovale il vano dcfi guan- cialetti, ed allora vi ha scnotiirento, qua- lunque sia la pressione. Paolo Desor- meaus per C[vitare questo iu^onveniente propose fino dal i8a4' il guancialetto che vedasi disegnato nella fig. 7, del qua- le assicura essersi sempre servito con buon successo. Questo non ha che tre linee di contatto sul pernio ed il logorio non può più cangiare la direzione del- r albero, ma tende soltanto a farlo di- scendere neir angolo. Non entreremo qui nei particolari dei vantaggi di questa forma di guancialetti che V arte in genr- rale non ha ancora adottati. Cerio si è che con essa riesce facile il far guancia- letti di acciaio e brunirli, facendo di legno duro le parti A, che divengono in tal raso i porta-goancialetti,'e goernendo di lami- ne di acciaio a i tre lati del triangolo. Queste lamine diritte e strette si attac ceno con viti a testa accierala poste fuori delle linee di contatto delP as- se B ; e si possono farilmente levare e pulire quando occorre. Gambey osserva- to aveva che il cappello di questo guan- cialetto guidato essendo dalle linguette laterali e tenuto fermo dalla cima delta fite di pressione, era soggetto a muoversi e cagionare nelPalbero un tremolio; perciò diede al goancisletto superiore la forma del cappello dei porta guancialetti ordinari e pose la vite di pressione di fianco, ri- mediando in tal guisa alP inconveniente il cui truto affetto avete riconosciuto. Molte altre forme di guancialetti vennero 5^1 Gfavculetto Gdakculetto Pro- ci IVO. I 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 IO II- 12 i3 -4 i5 iG >7 i8 17,6 26,0 a7,a 1 Superficie untuose. aj^o id. 29^0 id. a4^o id. • a4-o id. 10,3 id. 10,0 id. a4,o id. 18,7 id. 18,7 id. a9»o id. a7,a Veloci- Peso U della deir al- circon' bero e .ferenza del suo 9ei per- carico 'mi in 1". Q. Chih 1» 708,55 0,1 4a 708,50 0,121 708,50 0,125 708,50 0,071 708,50 0,071 708,50 0,092 7o3,5o 0,092 708,50 0,1 36 708,50 0,143 7o8,5p 0,149 708,50 o,>49 708,50 0,125 708,50 0,125 708,50 o,o54 708.50 o,o52 708.50 0,125 708,50 0,098 708,50 0,098 708,50 o,i49 708,50 0,142 708,50 Momento della resi- stenza prodottasi M. 3,388 3,696 2,464 2,649 3,a65 3,a34 3.388 3,388 3,634 3,54a Media. .5,o8a 4,3l3 O12 4,3 1 a 5,238 4.928 4,3 12 4,620 4,004 4.928 5,544 Media. Bcla- lione fra Tat- ti-ito e la pres- sione. 0,119 0.128 0,096 0,101 0,116 o,ii3 0,119 o,vi9 0,1 25 0,1 23 0,1 16 0,162 0,143 o 143 0,143 0,166 o,i59 0,143 o,i5i, o,i3Sì 0,1 59 0,174 Formule impiegate ed Osservazioni. J^' M-f 1,341 (o,96Q^io8,;7)r. \f=' M+1,341 * 0,1 53 (o.96Q4.io8,77)r. Questi rìsuliamenli mostrano che Pat- trito dei perni dì guaiaco sopra guancia- letti di ghisa è sensìbilmente lo stesso che quello dei perni di ghisa sui guancialetti di guaiaco, tanto quando yi ha intonaco che con le superficie untuose. Finalmente fece il Morin alcune espe- rienze non pernii dì guaiaco che si muo- vevano sopra guancialetti della stessa mi- teria, ed eccone ì risultameoti. GvÀjuciàhsan GoiJK) 583 8 talento mediante una vite, cone è nella LialP albero del tornio. Fatto ciò rimette- fig. 8) fissando cosi P asse. Queste ruote solilanieiite si fanno di bronzo ma se ne vede talvolta di ghisa. (ArTOBO MoBIEf — — J. B. YlOLLBT Paolo Desohmbacx — > G**M.) Guancialetti del tornio a vite* Allor- quiiodo il TOHRio dife servire a Care una viTB (Y. queste parole) il di lui asse ìA tre al mulo rotatorio dee riceverne uno Inngitudinule, dalla combinazione di que- sti due risultando cbe si presentano alla punta del ferro varie elii-'i successive, le quali formano i pani della vite o vermi della madre di essa. A tal fine in luogo del FBB^o (Y. questa parola) che tiene V asse del tornio si fanno su que st^ asse medesimo diversi passi di vite sui quali si /anno pog^are guancialetti di legno duro, simili al fermo ordinario, ma più grossi nei quali imprimpnsi i ver- mi fatti sull'albero, e che per consegoen- sa gli comunicsno uà movimento elicoi- de più o menu inclinato secpndo la for- ma del maschio che è soli* asse e che ha fatto il suo impronlo sui guancialetti. Non ci tratterremo qui più a lungo sull» particolarità di questi guancialetti cono- scinti da tutti e sui quali dovremo di ne- cessità tornar a parlare ali* articolo Tob- aio. Gli inconvenienti dal pebmo di que* jCo, indicati nelP articolo speciale che lo liguarda, sono anche a questi guancia- letti applicabili. Ci limiteremo a dire ohe alcuni itbiii meccanici adottarono il por- ta-guancialetti circolare che vedesi dise- gnato nella fig. la della Tav. XXXYIII delle j4rti meccaniche. Prendesi per farla drizza sulle due facce, poscia vi si fa una serie di fori corrispondenti al numero di maschi che montansi sulP albero del tor- nio. Nel centro di questo disco si fa il foro a^ negli altri buchi passansi vari maschi simili a quelli che si mettono, si il disco sul tornio e lo si taglia in gui- sa da passare per lutti i ceutri dei fori ecoenkrici «he nella figura sono aei, ma che possono essere in maggior numero. Allora il disco è più piccolo e presenta nel suo contorno altrettanti intagli semi- circolari hh nei quali trovansi profonda- mente incavati i vermi di vari» viti. Que- sta fhiave montasi sopra una chiavarda mobile che ha il moto di va e vieni e che e adattata alla parte posteriore dello toc-* culo di dietro e vi è tenuta con la pres- sione di un gallétìo o madre-vite ad orecchi. Quando allentasi questa il disco gira sopra la chiavarda. In tal guisa que- sto solo pezzo basta per tutte le viti, gi- randolo convenientemente ogni volta che cangiasi il maschio. (Paolo-Dbsobmbaux.) GUANCIALINO. Y. Guancialetto. Ghauculiko. Dicono i chirurghi quel paoQolino addoppiato che mettono sulle piaghe, sulle ferite o sulP apertura della vena dopo la cavata di sangue. Talora i farmacisti tengono di questi guancialini già pronti per ogni caso di bisogno, falli con lini sottili e morbidi. (Albbbti.) GUANO. Nelle isole deU' Oceano Pa- cifico ai scopersero enormi banchi di escrementi accumulati da vari secoli da- gli uccelli acquatici di que^ climi. Questi residui, che sono mollo abbondanti di materie organiche azotate, suscettibili di putrefazione, contengono anche molto acido urico, perciò si raccolgono e col nome di guano se ne fa un importante commercio fra V America meridionale ed un disco di corno, il quale si tornisce e si il Perù, verso il quale viene spedito. È probabile cbe questo concime abbia mol- ta analogia quanto agli effetti ed al mo- io di usarlo con lo sterco dei piccioiir. (Y. questa parola e gli articoli Cohguib e Lbtamb). Ecco quanto ne dicono de Humboldt e Bonpland. 384 GrUAflTAlO j# Il gaaoo trovasi in greode abboo- ilanxa nel mare del Sad stia isole di Ghinea vicino a Pisoo ; ma trovati anche sopra le spiagge e le isole piò meridio- nali ad Ilo, Isa ad Arica. Gli abitanti di Qiancay che fanno il commercio del guano vanno e vengono dalle isole di Ghinea in ao giorni ; ogni barea ne ca- rica 1 5oo a 2000 piedi cubici. Une va- nega costa a Cbaocay i'4 lire, ad Arica i5 lire tornesi. Forma strati groi«i 5o a 60 piedi che si lavorano come miniere di ferro ocraceo. Questi stessi isolotti sono abitati da una grande quantità di uccelli principalmente di arder e di fenicoteri, ma da tre secoli i loro escrementi non poterono formare che strati grossi quat- tro a cinque linee. La fertilità delle spiag- ge sterili del Perù si fonda sul guano che, ivi forma un oggetto di grande com- mercio. Una cinquantina di piccole bar- che, chiamate guaneros^ vanno di conti- nuo a prendere di questo concime ed a portarlo sulle ipiagge, e se ne sente r odore ad un quarto di lega. I marinai accostumati a quelP odore di ammoniaca non ne soflfrono: noi starnutavamo con- tinuamente avvicinando visi. Il guano è ud eccellente letame specialmente pel formentone, egli Indiani insegnarono que- sto metodo agli spagnuoli ; se però se ne getta in troppa quantità ne abbrucia e distrugge le radici. » De Humboldt diede una eerta quan- tità di guano a Fourcroy ed a Yaoquelin per farne le analisi e cercarvi f acido urico, e dal loro esame si può conchiu* dere nitro non essere questo concime fuorché escrementi di uccelli. (A. Pateh.) GUANTAIO. Poco intorno a questa arte a dir ci rimane dopo quello che ne dicemmo a questa stessa parola nel Di- zionaria; dopochò in esso airarlicolo Gir- ciTOio descrivemmo quelP utile stri^ GOAIITAIO mento che parfesiona e sollecita il la« voro dei guantai ; dopo che finalmente airartieolo Gucirb di questo Snpplimento dicemmo io quel guisa abbiansi le varie parti dei guanti ad unire, e come vi si ag- giungano ed i l>raccialetti elastici che li tengono più a scatta ti ai polsi e quelle guerniture che anno dalle mode richieste. Qui pertanto limitar ci dobbiamo a dar qualche cenno aulP origine di quest^arte e sulle maniere che per isnettare i guanti e tornarli servibili abbiam trovato indi- cate. Alcuni pretendono che Fuso dei guan- ti risalga ad unVpoca molto rimota, e che i primi siensi fatti dagli antichi di gros- so cooìo per difesa della mano, special- mente dei contadini, acciò dalle spine di alcune piante non fossero può li. A con-«. ferma di siffatta opinione viene il nome ' latino che si dà al guanto di chiroiheca de- ntato dal greco e che vale appunto difess o guardia delie mani. In appresso sì por- tarono forte i guanti auche nel verno per ripararsi dal freddo, e finalmente diven- oetro quelPoggetto di politezaa e di lusso che sono oggidì. Alcuni paesi fanno con- siderevole commercio dei guanti, celebri essendo particolarmente per alcuna spe- cie di essi, come Grenoble, per quelli più fini, il Nspoleia no, Dresda, laDanimercae perfino la Svetia pegli altri. Oggidì però quasi dappertutto i ptlacani ed i guan- tai posero ogni studio per ottenere uguali risultaroenti , e fra noi per e- sempio , in Milano ed in Yenexia sono fabbriche i cui prodotti gareggiar pos- sono con quelli degli stranieri a segno da essere con quelli confusi. Qui giova notare un importante miglioramento fat- to del veneto fabbricatore Sebastiano Gerlin^ il quale seppe non solo in tal guisa preparare le pelli agnelline da emu- lare qaelle di Grenoble, ma esiandio ri- durre qI medesimo uso servibili le pelli GuA9fAio ' OttuùimrA S85 ^i (>ecora e di castratO| le qtali ridoMe parimenti pe* gaaoU locidi , ma con a quali agual morbideixa di quelle a- goelline, tuttoché coi tino lo stesio pret- so, aveodo maggior oonsistensa e qua- drupla superficie, pei quali trovati eb- be dalP IiDp. Regio Istituto dapprima il premio della medaglia d^argeoto nel i858, poi quello della medaglia d^oro nel i84i« Non sarà pure discaro ai lettori il sa- pere come dopo lunghe ricerche, un cer- to Ducastel sia giunto in Francia ad ese- guire una macchina, che ne duole non poter qui descrÌTere, ma i cui risulta- menti sembrano di qualche Importanza, giacché con essa, mercè la sola pressione d'un segnatoio, P operaio può disegnare i guanti con la maggior precisione e .«delle dimensioni che vuole, stabilite e re- golate dalla macchina. Anche i pollici se- goansi dalla macchinarle forchette e i pez- zi fra le dita si tagliano mediante stam- pi. Con questo meccanismo si ottiene grande regolarità nel taglio ed economia di pelle e di tempo. Ducastel valuta a più di un 6 per o/b la economia ottenu- ta sul lavoro delPoperaio e sulla quanti- tà di pelle impiegata. Un solo operaio può disegnare con la macchina i8o a aoo dozzine di guanti al giorno^ cioè per 80 tagliatori. Quando i guanti lucidi' sono umettati dal sudore, o dalPumìditài giova guar- darsi bene dal ravvolgerli come al solito ; ma per lo contrario si dovrà distenderli diligfotemente e far passare pur anco entro ogni dito un ferro rotondo, di quel- li in uso per istirare leguernizioni, caldo appena a fine di non alterare i colori, uè raggrinzare la pelle ; sarà ben fatto at- tendere che sieno mezzi asciutti. I guanti non lucidi si ripuliscono assai bene con midolla di pane raffermo, come pei disegni, strofinandoli quindi con panno- lini di bucato ; questo metodo giova Suppl Dit. Teen. T. XIL meno felice riuscita. Taluni hiveee del pane raffermo, si servono di un pezzo di gomma elastica; e con eguale suc- cesso. Per isnettare i guanti insegnasi di lavar- li, poi stenderli sul ginocchio, stropicciar- li con gomma elastica e di tratto in trat- to asciugarli con un pannolino bianco, poscia spolverarli con la steatite o pol- vere di sapone. I guanti di Svezia stro- picciunsi alquanto eoo questa polvere poi si batVono,eia sorpresa il vederli ripren- dere Taspetto dei nuovi. La steatite dà il lustro anche ai guanti oscuri o neri. (G**M.) GUANTIERA. Bacino atto a teoer?i guanti o cose simili. (Alberti.) QUARTO. T. GusWTAio. Gdanto. Quel bracciale che si adope- ra per giuocare alla pallaod altro chiama- si talvolta pure con questo oome. {Giunte veronesi al Voc. della Crusca.) GUARAGNO.Yooe ora antiquata che vale lo stesso che Stallqrb. (Albebti.) GUARANÀ. Sostanza che trovasi nel commercio delle droghe per uso della medicina come astringente, ed altro non è che il frutto di una paulliua {paulUnia sorbilis) ammassato ed impastato in gui- sa da farne pezzi di una libbra di peso. Se ne estrae la guarariha (T. questa pa- rola). (Beezelio.) GUARANINA. Base scoperta da Teo- doro Alartins nella guabara (Y. questa parola). Se la mesce con un terzo del pro- prio peso di idrato di calce e trattasi con Palcole. Si. ritrae, distillando, la maggior parte della soluzione e nel tempo stes- so si separa un olio verde burro so o grasso : diseccasi il residuo feltrato e sn- 49 38(S GUARDAIIU) blìmasl h massa io Tato adattato. La materia che ti sublima al priocipio è gialHocta e quella che le sussegue forma uoa calnggiue bianca : sello stesso tempo la massa diffonde un odore particolare e penetrante. La guaraoina è poco solobi> le nel!' acqua ; solubilissima neiralcole ; la soluzione ha un sapore amaro, iover- disce leggermente la tintura di rose, rea- gisce appena sulla carta di tornasole e di rabarbaro, e fornisce crbtalli di guarani- pa, quando si e?apora Tslcole. Questa base si unisce con la fusione al fosforo 0d allo tolfo ; la combinaiione è bruna, e Tacque ne separa la base organica. Gom- bioasi pure con Piodio. Riscaldata con Tacido solforico concentrato, la guarani- na si volatilizza in parte ed in parte si decompone. Non si preparano sali di goaranina. Combinasi mediante il calo- re, con gli olii grassi e con la canfo- ra , e quest* ultima combinazione cri- stallizza ; quella con gli olii grassi è in parte cristallina, in parte untuosa. La soluzione di guarà nina viene precipitata dalla infusione di noce di gaUa. fi evi- dente, richiedere questo corpo nuove indagini. (BBazBUo.) GUARANTIRE. T. Gvarartigu. GUARDACOSTE. Quel bastimento da guerra destinato a incrociare lungo la costa per difesa di ogni ostile tentati- vo e per impedire il commercio illecito. (Stratico.) GUARDACUORE. Dicevasi un tem- po ad una specie di farsetto. (Albbbti.) GUARDAFILO. Scatola di rame so- spesa al centro di un quarto di circolo mobile, destinata a contenere il perpen- dicolo, per guarentirlo dalP agitazione del vento ; il guardafilo si apre nell'alto per visitare la sospensione, e nel basso GrtrARDAPOBTO pende il perpendicolo: segue lutti i movi- menti del filo, e prende ognora lo situa- zione verticale, a qualunque altezza diri- gasi il quarto di circolo. (Di%. delie maiematiché.) GUARDAFUOCO. Tavole che si di. spongono all'altezza della' linea d^aeqna di un bastimento dalla parte che si vuol bruscare, acciò la fiamma non ascenda oltre quelPaltezza. (Stbatico.) GUARDAMANO. Manopola di cuoio o di alone con bottone di ferro in mes-^ zo, che serve al velaio come fa il ditale alle cucitrici per riparo della mano nel cucire le vele. (Albbbti.) GUARDANAPPA,GUARDANAPPO. Seiogatoio, forse cosi detto perchè si tiene sul nappo per dar V acqua alle mani. (Albbbti.) GUARDANASO. Arnese da coprire il naso, o la faccia. (Albbbti.) GUARDANCANNA . Custodia della gola, forse lo stesso che Gobgibba (Y. questa parola). (Albbbt I.) GUARDARFANTE . Y. Gdàrout- FANTB. GUARDANIDIO. Uovo che si lascia per segno nel nido delle galline per invi* tarla a deporre ivi le uova o covare : si dice anche endice. (Albbbti.) GUARDAPAGLIAIO. Si dice quel cane domestico che guarda il pagliaio (V. cahb). (Albbbti.) GUARDAPORTO. Bastimento che si tiene in un porto vicino al luogo dello sbarco, nel quale sta un corpo di guar- dia per riconoicére tntto ciò che si tm- per collocarvi un vaso dì ac^ua in cui barca e si sbarca, e per vegliare alla tran- GUÀ&DABOBA quillìlà o sicurezsa del porto/ legaata- mente in tempo di notte. Oiceii anche patascia» (Steatigo.) GUiRDAaOBÀ . Laogo do?e ti conservi checché sia: con qaeito no- me pertanto indicasi nelle famiglie nna o più stanze dove si tengono parecchie co- se di giornaliero consumo che occor- rono ad ogni qual tratto e possono prov- Tedersi in una certa quantità quando so- no a miglior prezzo o di miglior quali- tà per averle a mano quando occorre. Tuttoché ripongansi talora nella guarda- roba anche le vivande non le si con- vengono i nomi di dispensa o di euia- niviVAHDB perché non contiene quel- le esclusivamente. Non sarà qui fuor di luogo indicare quali siano le sostanze che più particolarmente vi si ripongono, e quali condizioni per ciascheduna ri- GuAtDABOBA 38 ^ stanza discretamente a- chieggansi. Il sapone è ottimo da conservarsi, im- perocché non dee usarsi quando é fatto di fresco. Se i pani sono grandi devonsi tagliare con un filo di metallo o con uno spago in pezzi paral^llogrammici e porli sopra scaffali ben asdutti, a piccola di« stanza, in maniera che Paria possa libera- mente circolare fra loro ed indurirli sec- candoli. Le candele di sevo fatte nei tempi freddi son le migliori ; quindi è quello il tempo di provvederle, conservandole in mazzi entro una cassa ; sono molto mi- gliori otto o dieci mesi dopo la fabbrica-lsaeartao legati con quella, si possono ser- zione e possono benissimo conservarsi bare in luogo freddo ed asciutto, esclusa la ed in una sciutta. Le confetture, le conserve e simili de- vono tenersi riparale dairarìa ed in una stanza molto asciutta. Il tè, il caffè, il ciocoolatto,le frutta secche,ed in genera- le ogni specie di droghe e di condimenti, si devono conservare asciutti e riparati dal- Taria. Il riso. Terzo periato, la farina di vena e simili,8Ì possono conservare tenen- doli chiusi e guarentiti dagli insetti in una stanza asciutta. Le mele posso- no stendersi separatamente sopra pa- glia ben netta ed asciutta o sopra un ta- volato, avendo cura di guarentirle dal gelo mediante nna coperta di pannolano grossolano od altro simile mezzo. Le pere conservansi sospese una ad una pel loro gambo in nna stanza asciutta. L^uva dee raccogliersi prima che sia perfetta- mente matnraed allora potrà conservarsi sospeso ciascon grappolo separatamente nella stessa maniera; si può anche con- servarla in mezzo a segature di legno entro casse coperte io maniera da non permettere Taecesso all^aria isolando tolti i grappoli. Gli aranci ed i limoni possono provvedersi quando sono a buon prezzo e serbarsi molto a lungo ponendoli in mez- zo a sabbia fina ed asciutta eoi piccinolo air insù e riparati dalfarìa. Le carni fresche, il pollame, i pesci e si- mili conservansi in luogo freddo e ventila- to. Tnlte le vivande salate e seccale, come prosciutti, salsice e simili ravTolti di gros- se occorre anche per anni. L^aroido può serbarsi in una stanza calda ed asciutta, e quando è chiuso può durare quanto a lungo si vuole. Lo zuc- chero in pani si può conservare ravvol- to entro coperte di carta e sospeso in luogo asciutto. Lo zucchero bruno si potrà conservare tenendolo ben chiaso cncina, altrimenti si ammuffiscono ed ir- rancidiscono. I vegetabili verdi tengansi sopra un tavolato od un ammattonato, ri- parati dairarìa, coprendoli con un panno bagnato. Le carote, le pastinache e le barbabietole possono serbarsi in segatu- ra o sabbia asciutta per farne uso nel verno • Le patate defono coMervarsi 388 Go^mtik riparate dal gtlo.Tanto qotf t« che le radici anzidette non sa hanno a layare che al momento di fama aio. Le cipolle posso- no legarsi in maazi e sospendersi in luo- go freddo ed asciatto. Se la radice di o- gni cipolla non è distrotta possono Tege- •tare ancora. Il petrosemolo deje essere tagliato ▼icino alla radice e seccato in ana stanca calda. I tartufi, i fanghi e simili si cooserTano seccati, infibti a guisa di collana e tenuti in luogo asciutto. Perle sostante che o sono di men facile conserTazione o cogliono farsi durare molto più a lungo dì quello che con sif- fatti semplici mezzi noi si potrebbe, ri- mandiamo airarticolo CoasafiTAzioiiB. (Adaus.) GUARDÀSGÀTTO.Si dà questo nome dagli armaiuoli ad un congegno che si a- datta alla piastra delle armi da fuoco per rendere più difficile il pericolo che scatti- no per qualche accidente e producano quelle disgrazie di cui si hanno eseospi pur troppo frequenti. Parecchi di siffatti artifi- zi descriveremo airarìicolo Piastra, ove più facilmente saranno intesifenendo in seguito alla descrizione. GUARDIA. Quella persona che guar- da e custodisce checchessip* (Alberti.) Guardia. Parlandosi dei libri Tale la coperta intema. (Alberti.) GvARDu. Trattando dellevitiè lo stes- so che Saettolo (V, questa parola). (Alberti.) Guardia. Pezzo di legno corto, chia- mato anche fodera che si mette ia qual- che parte debole di una costruzione per rinforzare un pezzo di legno yiziato che si scopra nel raddobbo di una yecchia nave. (Stratico.) Guardia. Diconsi i denti lunghi o zan- ne del cane. (Alberti.) Guardu. Dinesi mettersi o poj^i in GUARHACCA ftifln2Ì0, parlando di un eavallo, quaodasi motivo di un dolore nella spalla atea* do io riposo porta la gamba ammalata più innanzi della sana* (Alberti.) GrfTARDU morta. Fantoccio di paglia od altro che mettasi in cima ad una per- tica per intimorire gli uccelli nei campi, od anche chi volesse rubare i frutti di un orto. (Alberti.) GUARDIANI dé'porteUL In marinerk sono quelle corde con le quali si alzano e si tengono aperti i portelli. (Stratico.) GUARDIANO. Quegli che ha per of- fizio di guardare o custodire checchessia (Y. (xuardla). (Alberti.) Guardiano. Quegli che ha in custodia lebestie. Il guardiano de^cavalli dicesi co- vallaro^ty secondo Gagliardo, anche bui" taro; quello delle cavalle e giumente giwnenUare o giumentaro; pecoraio e pastore^ quello delle pecore ; capraio quello delle capre ; porcaro quello dei porci e de^ maiali ; boaro quello de^buoi; vaccaro quel delle vacche : asinaro quel- lo degli asini I mulattiere quello dei muli. Il guardiano di una mandra intera •i dice mandriano ed il capo de* man- driani archimandrita. (GAeLURDo.) Guardiano. Terza ancora che si ado- pera per prova del vascello in caso di burrasca. (Stratico.) GUARDINFANTE. Arnese da donne col quale ai cingono i fianchi tenendo distante dal corpo la gonnella^ detto cosi dal guardare 1* infante, cioè custodire e difendere il feto che è in corpo alle me- desime. (Alberti.) GUARDIOLO , GUARDINOLO. Quel custode che sta la notte a difesa delle botteghe. (Alberti.) GUARNAGCA o GUARNAGCIA. Testa lunga ehe si portava di sopra, for- se lo stesso che zimarra. (Alberti.) GxTABiinairfo GUARNELLO. T«ste da doniM fatta dal panno dello tCeifo nome. (Albbbti.) GUARNIGIONE, GUARNIMENTO, GUARNITURA. Fortificazione o forni- mento di cote necessarie a difendersi. (Albbeti.) GcARiiiHEtTO.SiejMO Bsoro per chiu- dere gli orti e le Tigne. (ALBBaTI.) GcABKiMENTO. Fornimento od ornato debiti o di arnesi che dicesi anche, e forse più comuuemeate guarni%ione. (ALBBaTI.) GniBniMEiTTo di spada, Y. Elsi. GuARiriMENTo. Dlcesi talvolta nelle ar- ti r insieme di quegli oggetti che seryo- no a rendere una tal cosa atta alPuso cui ò destinata. In questo senso, per esem- pio, diconsi guaroimenti, tutti quegli ac- cessori di ferro onde corredansi le im- poste o serrami degli usci o delle finestre, qu^li sono gli arpioni o gangheri, le ban- delle, i chiavistelli o catenacci, le serra- ture, le maniglie, i paletti, i martelli, i saliscendi e simili arnesi tatti che Tengo- no diversificati in mille forme giusta le occorrente e secondo le usanze dei paesi. (Nicola Cavalieri.) GnARiriMENTO. Cbiemeremo nel corso di questa opera con tal nome alcune rive- stiture che si aggiungono alle macchine o per far ben combaciare le loro superfi- cie, o per chiudere una qualche apertura che lasci tuttavia passaggio ad una spran- ga o simile. Cosi diremo guarnimeniì quella stoppa od altri simili oggetti on- de si coprono gli stantuffi, le valvule a sdrucciolo e simili; si riempiono le scato- le stoppale, o si frammettono fra le parti che devono a tenuta combaciarsi, strette poi insieme con bullette, con chia- varde a vite o con simili mezzi. Siccome GrriSTAUlETB SS'Q hanno a Tariare secondo i casi nel quali si adoperano, così rìnaodiamo agli artico- li relativi alle parti che vanno gnarnite ed ai casi nei quali si adoperano, l'esami- nar e quali siano i migliori e più alPuopo adattati. (G**M.) GuAERiMEiTTo. In marinerìa è termi- no generico che comprende tutti i cor- dami che s^ impiegano in una nave per assicurare gli alberi, sostenere e ma- novrare i pennoni^ ed ispitgare e ser- rare le Tele. (Stratzgo.) GuABNivENTO étuna vela. Quel cbto che è cucito intorno alla Tela per for- tificarla e che si speciBca con diversi nomi, secondo la parte della vela cui ap- partiene, dicendosi invergatura o testa^ ta^ gratile o riìinga, (Alberti.) GUARNIRE. Presso i sarti^ Tale or- nare con guarnigione* (Alberti.) GuARBiRB una manovra alt argano. Farle fare dne, tre o quattro giri intorno al tamburo o campana delP argano, per agire su di essa con maggior forza. (Stratico.) GUARNIZIONE. Y. Guarbimerto. GUASCAPPA. Specie di Teste an- tica. (Alberti.) GUASCOTTO. Mezzo cotto, quasi cotto. (Alberti.) GUASTALARTE , GUASTAME- STIERI. Colui che si pone a fare una cusa che non sa, e pur troppo il nume- ro ne sarà sempre molto abbondante fino a che, mentre tsigesi uno studio da chi si dedica all'esercizio delle professio- ni liberali,non si procura neppure il mo- do di istruirsi a quelli che si danno alle arti ; finché i manifattori non compren- deranno la necessità pel loro proprio in- teresse di studiare il ramo di indostria che esercitano anziché riportarli cicca- la aatora e la forma di g^esti ganioiinentìlaieotv a quanto i loro padri beavano od appoggiare ìa fabbricauoQa a geota rot- ea ad iacolta ioTaoacheaperaona istraiu e capace. Perciò a misara cl^a la ittroiio- ne della classi degli arligiani ti Ta diffon* deado il Damerò dei gaaitameitieri di- minoisce, e le pure a?Tene alcuao, que- sto lo è allora non tanto per ignoranza quanto per inganno e ODaliziai perchè crede trovare il proprio vantaggio nel iar male quello che saprebbe far bene, risparmiando tempo e mano d^opera o adoperando materiali di presto più bas- so e di inferior qualità. Li* Inghilter- ra è (orse il paese dove i guastamestieri per ignora nsa sono più rari. £ deside- rabile che la società si persuada che se son necessarii gli aT?ocati« i medici e gli ingegneri, gli artigiani non lo sono meno e che molte delle cattiTe qualità che di continuo a questi ultimi li rimproverano, che li mantengono nelPabbiezione e im pediscono loro di migliorare i metodi ed i prodotti, sono la trascuratexia che se ne ha, abbandonandoli pel loro tirocinio ad un altro artigiano rotto del pari, e la- sciandoli privi di qualsisia educazione. |
6914833_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court for Skagit County, No. 96-1-00288-6, Michael E. Rickert, J., entered January 24, 1997. Affirmed by unpublished opinion per Becker, J., concurred in by Kennedy, C.J., and Agid, J.
|
1075365_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | 조선영 ( ~)은 한국 여성 트랙 사이클리스트이다. 그녀는 2016 아시아 사이클링 챔피언십에서 팀 스프린트에서 은메달을 수상했다.
경력 결과
2015년
2 차 스프린트, 일본 트랙 컵
양양 국제 트랙 대회
아시아 컵
제 2 게린
스프린트
2016년
2 위 링크= 아시안 트랙 챔피언십 팀 스프린트 ( 이혜진 과 함께)
2017년
2 위 링크= 500m 타임 트라이얼, 아시아 트랙 챔피언십
참고 문헌
외부 링크
cyclingarchives.com의 프로필
아시안 게임 사이클 메달리스트
대한민국의 아시안 게임 동메달리스트
대한민국의 여자 사이클 선수
2018년 아시안 게임 메달리스트
2018년 아시안 게임 사이클 참가 선수
살아있는 사람
1993년 출생
2022년 아시안 게임 메달리스트
2022년 아시안 게임 사이클 참가 선수.
|
8245364_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | (3430) Bradfield ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 9. Oktober 1980 von Carolyn Shoemaker am Palomar-Observatorium bei einer Helligkeit von 16,5 mag entdeckt wurde. Nachträglich konnte der Asteroid bereits auf Aufnahmen nachgewiesen werden, die im April 1974 an der Sternwarte Cerro El Roble, sowie in den Jahren 1976 und 1980 an verschiedenen anderen Sternwarten gemacht wurden.
Der Asteroid wurde am 14. April 1987 nach dem australischen Amateurastronomen William Ashley Bradfield benannt. Bradfield hat von 1972 bis 2004 insgesamt 18 Kometen entdeckt.
Siehe auch
Liste der Asteroiden
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser
Agnia-Familie.
|
github_open_source_100_1_516 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import Raycaster from './raycaster';
export default class RaycasterPlugin extends Phaser.Plugins.BasePlugin {
add(
config?: Raycaster.IConfig
): Raycaster;
} |
github_open_source_100_1_517 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | from enum import Enum
class OriginalRequestVersion(Enum):
"""Request version value of the queried invoice"""
O_1_0 = '1.0'
O_1_1 = '1.1'
O_2_0 = '2.0'
|
github_open_source_100_1_518 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #pragma once
#include <ivf/imguiwindow.h>
#include <ivf/pointlight.h>
namespace ivf {
class PointLightWindow : public ivf::UiWindow {
private:
PointLightPtr m_pointLight;
float m_constAttenuation;
float m_linearAttenuation;
float m_quadraticAttenuation;
glm::vec3 m_position;
glm::vec3 m_diffuseColor;
glm::vec3 m_specularColor;
glm::vec3 m_ambientColor;
bool m_enabled;
float m_constAttenuationPrev;
float m_linearAttenuationPrev;
float m_quadraticAttenuationPrev;
glm::vec3 m_positionPrev;
glm::vec3 m_diffuseColorPrev;
glm::vec3 m_specularColorPrev;
glm::vec3 m_ambientColorPrev;
bool m_enabledPrev;
bool m_isDirty;
public:
PointLightWindow(PointLightPtr pointLight, std::string caption);
static std::shared_ptr<PointLightWindow> create(PointLightPtr pointLight, std::string caption);
void doDraw() override;
bool isDirty();
};
typedef std::shared_ptr<PointLightWindow> PointLightWindowPtr;
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_519 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | {#
Copyright 2017 Cornell University
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
#}
{% extends "AppFellAppBundle/Default/base.html.twig" %}
{% import "AppOrderformBundle/Default/formmacros.html.twig" as formmacros %}
{% block title %}
Fellowship Type Default Setting for {{ entity.name }}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<br>
<h4 class="text-info" align="center">
<div>
Fellowship Type Default Setting for "{{ entity.name }}"
</div>
</h4>
<br><br>
{{ form_start(form,{'attr': {'id': 'fellapp-interview-form'}}) }}
{{ form_errors(form) }}
{{ formmacros.field(form.coordinators)}}
{{ formmacros.field(form.directors)}}
{{ formmacros.field(form.interviewers)}}
<br><br>
<p>
If you do not see the intended person in the drop down menus above,
please add this person by visiting
<a href="{{ path('employees_new_user') }}" target="_blank">this page</a>
first, and then return to this page.
</p>
<br><br>
{#list all other users with related fellowship roles for this fellowship type#}
{% if cycle == "edit" %}
<p>
{#<a class="btn_margin_top btn btn-primary btn-success" href="{{ path('fellapp_fellowshiptype_setting_update',{'id':entity.id}) }}">Edit</a>#}
<button class="btn btn-warning" type="submit">Update</button>
<a class="btn_margin_top btn btn-primary btn-success" href="{{ path('fellapp_fellowshiptype_setting_show',{'id':entity.id}) }}">Cancel</a>
</p>
{% endif %}
{% if cycle == "show" %}
<p>
<a class="btn_margin_top btn btn-primary btn-success" href="{{ path('fellapp_fellowshiptype_setting_edit',{'id':entity.id}) }}">Edit</a>
</p>
{% endif %}
{{ form_end(form) }}
<br><br>
<p>
<a
class="btn-sm btn-danger"
general-data-confirm="Are you sure you want to remove this fellowship application type by disabling roles and associated fellowship subspecialty type?"
href="{{ path('fellapp_fellowship_application_type_remove',{'fellaptypeid':entity.id}) }}" target="_blank">Remove Fellowship Application Type
</a>
</p>
{% endblock %}
|
github_open_source_100_1_520 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package rotateArray
func rotate1(nums []int, k int) {
k = k % len(nums)
numsCopy := make([]int, len(nums))
copy(numsCopy, nums)
// len(nums) - k -> len(nums) --> 0 - k
for i := len(nums) - k; i < len(nums); i++ {
nums[i+k-len(nums)] = numsCopy[i]
}
// 0 - len(nums) - k -> k -> len(nums)
for i := 0; i < len(nums)-k; i++ {
nums[k+i] = numsCopy[i]
}
}
func rotate2(nums []int, k int) {
k = k % len(nums)
numsCopy := make([]int, 0)
numsCopy = append(numsCopy, nums[len(nums)-k:]...)
numsCopy = append(numsCopy, nums[:len(nums)-k]...)
//nums = numsCopy 不能这么修改 给nums了一个新的底层数组引用 外层还是指向原来的引用
// 通过修改底层数组的方式来修改外层的切片
for k, v := range numsCopy {
nums[k] = v
}
}
func rotate3(nums []int, k int) {
k = k % len(nums)
reverseSlice(nums, 0, len(nums)-1)
reverseSlice(nums, 0, k-1)
reverseSlice(nums, k, len(nums)-1)
}
func reverseSlice(nums []int, startIndex, endIndex int) {
length := endIndex - startIndex + 1
for i := 0; i < length/2; i++ {
nums[startIndex+i], nums[endIndex-i] = nums[endIndex-i], nums[startIndex+i]
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_521 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | /*
This file is part of ZWaveLib Project source code.
ZWaveLib is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
ZWaveLib is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with ZWaveLib. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/*
* Author: Generoso Martello <[email protected]>
* Project Homepage: https://github.com/genielabs/zwave-lib-dotnet
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace ZWaveLib.CommandClasses
{
public class WakeUp : ICommandClass
{
public CommandClass GetClassId()
{
return CommandClass.WakeUp;
}
public NodeEvent GetEvent(ZWaveNode node, byte[] message)
{
NodeEvent nodeEvent = null;
byte cmdType = message[1];
switch (cmdType)
{
case (byte)Command.WakeUpIntervalReport:
if (message.Length > 4)
{
uint interval = ((uint)message[2]) << 16;
interval |= (((uint)message[3]) << 8);
interval |= (uint)message[4];
nodeEvent = new NodeEvent(node, EventParameter.WakeUpInterval, interval, 0);
}
break;
case (byte)Command.WakeUpNotification:
WakeUpNode(node);
nodeEvent = new NodeEvent(node, EventParameter.WakeUpNotify, 1, 0);
break;
}
return nodeEvent;
}
public static ZWaveMessage Get(ZWaveNode node)
{
return node.SendDataRequest(new byte[] {
(byte)CommandClass.WakeUp,
(byte)Command.WakeUpIntervalGet
});
}
public static ZWaveMessage Set(ZWaveNode node, uint interval)
{
return node.SendDataRequest(new byte[] {
(byte)CommandClass.WakeUp,
(byte)Command.WakeUpIntervalSet,
(byte)((interval >> 16) & 0xff),
(byte)((interval >> 8) & 0xff),
(byte)((interval) & 0xff),
0x01
});
}
public static ZWaveMessage SendToSleep(ZWaveNode node)
{
ZWaveMessage msg = null;
var wakeUpStatus = (WakeUpStatus)node.GetData("WakeUpStatus", new WakeUpStatus()).Value;
if (!wakeUpStatus.IsSleeping)
{
// 0x01, 0x09, 0x00, 0x13, 0x2b, 0x02, 0x84, 0x08, 0x25, 0xee, 0x8b
msg = node.SendDataRequest(new byte[] {
(byte)CommandClass.WakeUp,
(byte)Command.WakeUpNoMoreInfo,
0x25
}).Wait();
wakeUpStatus.IsSleeping = true;
var nodeEvent = new NodeEvent(node, EventParameter.WakeUpSleepingStatus, 1 /* 1 = sleeping, 0 = awake */, 0);
node.OnNodeUpdated(nodeEvent);
}
return msg;
}
public static void WakeUpNode(ZWaveNode node)
{
// If node was marked as sleeping, reset the flag
var wakeUpStatus = node.GetData("WakeUpStatus");
if (wakeUpStatus != null && wakeUpStatus.Value != null && ((WakeUpStatus)wakeUpStatus.Value).IsSleeping)
{
((WakeUpStatus)wakeUpStatus.Value).IsSleeping = false;
var wakeEvent = new NodeEvent(node, EventParameter.WakeUpSleepingStatus, 0 /* 1 = sleeping, 0 = awake */, 0);
node.OnNodeUpdated(wakeEvent);
// Resend queued messages while node was asleep
var wakeUpResendQueue = GetResendQueueData(node);
for (int m = 0; m < wakeUpResendQueue.Count; m++)
{
Utility.logger.Trace("Sending message {0} {1}", m, BitConverter.ToString(wakeUpResendQueue[m]));
node.SendMessage(wakeUpResendQueue[m]);
}
wakeUpResendQueue.Clear();
}
}
public static void ResendOnWakeUp(ZWaveNode node, byte[] msg)
{
int minCommandLength = 8;
if (msg.Length >= minCommandLength && !(msg[6] == (byte)CommandClass.WakeUp && msg[7] == (byte)Command.WakeUpNoMoreInfo))
{
byte[] command = new byte[minCommandLength];
Array.Copy(msg, 0, command, 0, minCommandLength);
// discard any message having same header and command (first 8 bytes = header + command class + command)
var wakeUpResendQueue = GetResendQueueData(node);
for (int i = wakeUpResendQueue.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
byte[] queuedCommand = new byte[minCommandLength];
Array.Copy(wakeUpResendQueue[i], 0, queuedCommand, 0, minCommandLength);
if (queuedCommand.SequenceEqual(command))
{
Utility.logger.Trace("Removing old message {0}", BitConverter.ToString(wakeUpResendQueue[i]));
wakeUpResendQueue.RemoveAt(i);
}
}
Utility.logger.Trace("Adding message {0}", BitConverter.ToString(msg));
wakeUpResendQueue.Add(msg);
var wakeUpStatus = (WakeUpStatus)node.GetData("WakeUpStatus", new WakeUpStatus()).Value;
if (!wakeUpStatus.IsSleeping)
{
wakeUpStatus.IsSleeping = true;
var nodeEvent = new NodeEvent(node, EventParameter.WakeUpSleepingStatus, 1 /* 1 = sleeping, 0 = awake */, 0);
node.OnNodeUpdated(nodeEvent);
}
}
}
public static bool GetAlwaysAwake(ZWaveNode node)
{
var alwaysAwake = node.GetData("WakeUpAlwaysAwake");
if (alwaysAwake != null && alwaysAwake.Value != null && ((bool)alwaysAwake.Value) == true)
return true;
return false;
}
public static void SetAlwaysAwake(ZWaveNode node, bool alwaysAwake)
{
node.GetData("WakeUpAlwaysAwake", false).Value = alwaysAwake;
if (alwaysAwake)
WakeUpNode(node);
}
private static List<byte[]> GetResendQueueData(ZWaveNode node)
{
return (List<byte[]>)node.GetData("WakeUpResendQueue", new List<byte[]>()).Value;
}
}
}
|
192379_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Axechina lissa is 'n sponsspesie in die taksonomiese indeling van die Demospongiae (gewone sponse). Die liggaam van die spons bestaan uit kieselnaalde en sponginevesels en is in staat om baie water op te neem.
Die spons behoort tot die genus Axechina en tot die familie Raspailiidae. Die wetenskaplike naam van die spesie is die eerste keer geldig gepubliseer in 1957 deur De Laubenfels.
Bronne
Van Soest, R. (2011). Axechina lissa de Laubenfels, 1957. In: Van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, De Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Gebaseer op inligting uit die World Register of Marine Species, te vinde op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=168147.
Gewone sponse.
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10002094_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | Schradenau, zum Teil auch Lappige Jacke genannt, ist ein ehemaliges Vorwerk in der südbrandenburgischen Niederungslandschaft Schraden im Landkreis Elbe-Elster. Das alte Vorwerk, das in einem Artikel der Lausitzer Rundschau im Jahre 2012 auch als östliches Eingangstor zum Schraden bezeichnet wurde, befindet sich im Nordosten der Gemeinde Schraden und ist dreihundert Meter östlich der Landesstraße L 63 zu finden, mit welcher es nur durch einen unbefestigten Weg verbunden ist.
Da Schradenau in einem Urmeßtischblatt von Woedtke aus dem Jahre 1841 und anderen Kartenwerken vor diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht verzeichnet ist, wird angenommen, dass das Vorwerk erst nach den Separationen im Schraden in Folge der Regulierung der Schwarzen Elster entstand. Seinen Namen erhielt das Vorwerk nach der das Gelände umgebenden Niederungslandschaft. In topografischen Karten taucht Schradenau, wie auch das bei Großthiemig gelegene Vorwerk Schönau, erstmals im Jahre 1854 in einer Separationskarte auf. Es gehörte wie das Vorwerk Rothes Buschhaus zu Großkmehlen und auf Grund dessen ab dem Jahre 1874 zum Amtsbezirk Großthiemig des Kreises Liebenwerda.
Im Jahre 1929 ging Schradenau dann in der neugebildeten Gemeinde Schraden auf. Aufgrund seines schlechten Zustandes wird es seit etwa 1945 auch als Lappige Jacke bezeichnet und ist unter dieser Bezeichnung inzwischen auch in topografischen Karten verzeichnet. Bis zum 4. März 2014 war die Siedlung unter der Bezeichnung Lappige Jacke ein amtlich ausgewiesener Wohnplatz der Gemeinde Schraden, danach wurde er aus dem Ortsteilverzeichnis gestrichen. Bis auf ein Wohnstallhaus, welches bewohnt beziehungsweise noch bewirtschaftet wird, sind die weiteren Gebäude des Vorwerks allerdings heute weitgehend dem Verfall preisgegeben.
Einige hundert Meter nordwestlich des einstigen Vorwerks ist am gleichnamigen Weg Schradenau, der inzwischen zu großen Teilen überwachsen ist, ein weiterer Wohnplatz zu finden.
Fußnoten und Einzelnachweise
Weblinks
Schraden (Landschaft)
Ort im Landkreis Elbe-Elster
Schraden (Gemeinde).
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XOUJGNINFMFIXEUVTCUBFTPI5QSTFYSN_1 | German-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | c S c * J - — Beznugspreis Halle vierteljährlich 2,50 M. bei zweimaliger Zusatz 2,75. , durch Post 3,25. , aus Schl. Zusatzgebühr. Bestellungen werden von allen Reichspostanstalten angenommen. Im amtlichen Zeitungs-Verzeichnis unter „Saale-Zeitung“ eingetragen, Für die Redaktion verantwortlich: Chefredakteur Dr. Wilhelm Wintzer in Halle. Sprechstunden von 10 , bis 12 , Uhr. [Fernsprecher: Redaktion Nr. 2532. - Geschäftsstelle Nr. 176. ] — — Abend-Ausgabe. Halle Nebengewerbe. Wenn es wahr ist, was die „Nowoje Wremja“ behauptet und die „Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung“ ohne ein Wort des Widerspruchs abgedruckt hat: dass der deutsch-russische Handelsvertrag 12 Jahre lang vom 1. Januar 1906 ab stehen soll, so bedeutet dies, dass die Bemühungen der verschiedenen Kreise um den Außenhandel wenigstens den ganz bescheidenen Erfolg gehabt haben, dass ihnen die unbedingt notwendige Übergangsfrist von einem Jahre gewährt wird. Wie notwendig für viele Kreise unseres Wirtschaftslebens eine mindestens einjährige Frist ist, geht mit überzeugender Deutlichkeit aus einer Eingabe hervor, die der Handelsvertragsverein an den Reichskanzler gerichtet hat, und die alle Gründe gegen die angeblich geplante Verkürzung der Übergangsfrist treffend zusammenfasst. Besonders beweiskräftig wird sie durch die als Anlage ihr beigefügten zahlreichen Schreiben von Geschäftsmännern der verschiedenen Industrie und Handelszweige, die an praktischen Beispielen aus dem Geschäftsleben zeigen, welche Schädigungen ihnen aus der Vereinbarung einer kurzen Übergangsfrist erwachsen müßten. Der mehrfach ausgeführte Hinweis, dass unsere gegenwärtigen Handelsverträge ja bereits mit dem 31. Dezember 1903 ihr „natürliches Ende“ erreicht hätten, auch der neue deutsche Zolltarif seit nunmehr 11 Jahren Gesetz sei, die beteiligten Kreise auch schon hinreichend Zeit hätten, sich auf die bevorstehende Umgestaltung der Verhältnisse einzurichten, zeugt nur von völliger Unkenntnis des Geschäftslebens. Auf die bloße Wahrscheinlichkeit des Zustandekommens eines in seinen Einzelheiten ganz unbekannten Handelsvertrages kann ein Geschäftsmann nicht seine Kalkulation für eine ganze Saison aufbauen, ohne sich den größten Gefahren auszusetzen. Über den Abschluss von Geschäften, bezw. über ihren Umfang, über die Qualitäten der gehandelten Waren usw. kann erst entschieden werden, wenn über die Zollsätze völlige Gewissheit besteht. Das wird übereinstimmend in allen Zuschriften aus geführt, ebenso dass es unmöglich ist, für die Zeit der Ungewissheit sich durch die Aufnahme einer Zollklage in die Abschlüsse zu sichern. Denn entweder kaufen die Ausländer deutsche Waren franko Fracht und Zoll, dann lassen sie sich auf derartige Klauseln nicht ein, die ihnen ein großes, bisher ungewohntes Risiko auferlegen, oder wenn sie selbst den Zoll zahlen, führt eine beträchtliche Erhöhung während der Lieferzeit meist zur Annullierung des Geschäfts. Auch der deutsche Käufer ausländischer Waren kann eine wirklich bindende und vor Verlust schützende Zollklausel nur in den wenigsten Fällen durchsetzen. Die Folge ist, dass eine große Reihe von Geschäften wegen der herrschenden Ungewissheit mit großem Risiko verknüpft oder unmöglich gemacht ist, und falls die neuen, wesentlich erhöhten Zölle nach kurzer Zeit in Kraft treten, entweder die Bestellungen annulliert werden und den Fabrikanten vielleicht große Posten unverkäuflicher Waren liegen bleiben, oder die Lieferungen statt des erhofften Gewinnes Verlust bringen. Als solche Geschäfte kommen insbesondere in Betracht: 1. Die regelmäßigen Jahresabschlüsse, wie sie in vielen Geschäftszweigen im Verkehr mit dem Auslande üblich sind, z. B. in der chemischen, der Maschinen-, Textil-, Papier-, Holz-, Mühlenindustrie, im Handel mit Futtermitteln, Düngenstoffen usw. 2. Die Saisongeschäfte, wie sie die Textil-, Bekleidungs-, Schokoladenindustrien kennen, in denen für bestimmte Jahreszeiten oder Feste schon monatelang im Voraus gearbeitet werden muss. 3. Bestellungen von großen Objekten oder von Maschinen und dergl., in denen kein Lager gehalten werden kann, die also besonders (öst nach eigenen Plänen) angefertigt werden müssen. Das trifft zu namentlich für Maschinenfabriken und Konstruktionswerkstätten, aber auch für die Anfertigung von Papierwaren usw. und fällt besonders ins Gewicht bei großen Anlagen, wo die liefernden Maschinenfabrikanten sich erst untereinander über gewisse Punkte verstünden müssen. Die Gefahren und Schädigungen bleiben nicht auf die am Außenhandel unmittelbar beteiligten Firmen beschränkt, sondern diese müssen naturgemäß ihren Bedarf an Roh- und Hilfsmaterialien, Maschinen usw. ihren Abnahme entsprechend decken und versuchen, einen möglichst großen Teil des Risikos und des etwaigen Zollschadens auf die Lieferanten abzuwälzen. Auch die Einstellung der Arbeiterkräfte ist vom Geschäftsgange abhängig, und Arbeiter müssen brotlos werden, wenn durch plötzliche Zoll-Erhöhungen die Ausführung übernommener Aufträge unmöglich gemacht oder ein Markt verschlossen wird, ohne dass deutsche Firma Zeit bleibt, neue Absatzgebiete aufzufinden. Ein plötzliches Abbrechen der Geschäftsbeziehungen rechtfertigt außerdem die noch ständige Begleichung früherer Verbindlichkeiten mancher ausländischer Kunden, die sich auf irgendeine Weise, wenn sie keine Ware mehr zu erwarten haben, in eine schlechte Lage befinden. Diese Gefahr kann nur durch allmähliche Verringerung der Lieferungen und der Kredite einigermaßen vorgebeugt werden. Schließlich bringen auch die Zollformalitäten Schwierigkeiten, die über solche Gefahren hinausgehen und das wahre Wesen des geschäftlichen Lebens bedeuten, sich besonders von der agrarischen Seite geäußerten, an fristlich wirtschaftlichen Wünschen nach möglichst kurzen Übergangszeiten hauptsächlich eine Preiserhöhung für die Ernte des 1905 bezwecken, zurücktreten. Die Landwirtschaft Achtunddreißigster Jahrgang wird durch die Segen des neuen Vertrags nicht vor eine Krise gestellt, wie sie für weite Kreise der Industrie und des Handels durch raschen Übergang eintreten würde. Der Hinweis auf die kurze Übergangsfrist beim Abschluss der Verträge von 1891/94 hat keine Bedeutung, denn damals handelte es sich ausschließlich um Erleichterungen des Verkehrs durch Herabsetzung der Zölle, die neuen Verträge aber werden zweifellos erhebliche Zoll-Erhöhungen und Erschwerungen des Verkehrs bringen. Sie werden den Getreidebauern zugunsten der Produktions- und Absatzbedingungen der Industrie wesentlich verschlechtern. Es ist aber nicht mehr als billiger, wenn dieser wenigstens die nötige Zeit gelassen wird, sich auf die neuen, schwierigen Verhältnisse einzustellen. - Noch weniger darf das fiskalische Interesse des Staates für eine beschleunigte Inkraftsetzung höherer Zölle ausgesprochen sein. Hier muss das Wort gelten, das vor Jahren ein süddeutscher Finanzminister in der Kammer ausgesprochen hatte: „Der Staat kann eher einen Verlust erleiden, als dass er sich erlauben dürfte, auch nur einem Bürger zu schädigen.“ — Die Deutschenamerikaner und die Präsidentenwahl. Als Mitte Sommer der im politischen Leben fast unbekannte New Yorker Oberrichter Parker als Präsidenten-Kandidat der demokratischen Partei aufgestellt wurde, schüttelte man über seine Chancen ziemlich allgemein den Kopf. Seitdem haben sich die Dinge aber wesentlich verschoben. Parker ist recht maßvoll und klug aufgetreten und hat sich neue Anhänger in großer Zahl gewonnen. Hat auch die Wiederwahl Roosevelts noch immer die größte Wahrscheinlichkeit für sich, so ist doch die Wahrscheinlichkeit Parkers bei den Wetten, die der allezeit wettlästige Yankee in New York auf die Präsidentenwahl ab zu schauen pflegt, in den letzten Monaten so in die Höhe gegangen, - Saale Zeitung. In der Saale, Sonnabend, den 27. August Anzeigen werden die Spalten zeile oder deren Raum mit 30 Pfennig, solche an der Halle mit 20 Pfennig berechnet und in der Geschäftsstelle, von unsenen Annahmestellen und allen Annoncen-Expeditionen angenommen. Reklamen die Zeile 75 Pf. Erscheint wöehentlich zwölfmal; Sonntags und Montags einmal, sonst zweimal täglich. Schrift redaktion und Haupt-Geschäftstelle: Halle, Gr. Brauhausstraße 17; Neben-Geschäftsstelle: Markt 24. 1904. Der, wie der große Humorist sich ausdrückt, mit einer gewissen Armbewegung das übrige bischen Europa und alle anderen Erdteile beiseite schlebt. Roosevelt erscheint vieler amerikanischen Politikern wie das Pulverfass, das durch den kleinsten Funken zur Explosion gebracht werden kann, und gar viele ernsthafte und ruhige Geschäftsmänner haben kein Vergnügen an dieser ewigen Explosionsgefahr. — Trotz dieser starken Opposition im eigenen Lager ist aber noch lange nicht gesagt, dass Roosevelt unterliegen wird, denn auch durch die demokratische Partei geht ein starker Riß, der nur eben für die Wahlzeit äußerlich verkleidet ist. Dazu kommt, dass Parker zwar ein vollendeter Ehrenmann, aber keine faszinierende Persönlichkeit ist. Wir Deutschen brauchten uns über einen Sieg der Demokratischen Partei keine grauen Haare wachsen zu lassen. Abgesehen von dem mildernden Einfluss, den die Demokratie auf die Hochschutzzollbewegung ausüben würde, würde sicherlich auch das aggressive Moment in der auswärtigen Politik, das uns in Venezuela so unbequem geworden ist, und uns in Südamerika noch manche Verlegenheit bereiten kann, mehr zurücktreten, als unter republikanischer Herrschaft. Der Sieg der Demokratie bietet sicher eine größere Gewähr für den Weltfrieden, als der Sieg des Republikanismus. — m2 Deutsche Reich. Unser Materialien zum Kapitel der Schnelllästervertilgung auf dem Lande. Der „Hann." Courier erwirbt sich das Verdienst, für die Provinz Hannover an einer Reihe von Beispielen die Ungerechtigkeit der Schulafterteilung, wie das für die östlichen Provinzen vor einigen Jahren schon der Bauernverein "Nordoost" in Petitionen an den Landtag getan hat, schlagend nachzuweisen. Wenn auch die Verhältnisse in den einzelnen Teilen der Provinz nicht überall gleichartig sind, so zeigt sich doch auch in Hannover, dass die Regierungsbezirke dass man die Wahl Parkers schon längst nicht mehr als Unmöglichkeit betrachtet. Ein in Denver (Colorado) erscheinendes Witzblatt bringt bereits eine lustige Karikatur, auf der Roosevelt vor einer mächtigen Bücherkiste "gewidmet von Onkel Sam" steht, aus der er mit der Miene eines betrübten Lohgerbers eine Reihe von Büchern entnimmt mit den Aufschriften "Würdige Beschäftigung für Expräsidenten", "Was sollen wir mit unserer Expräsidenten anfangen", "Frühere Expräsidenten", "Für Expräsidenten", "Expräsidenten wie sie sind" usw. usw. Nun, diese freundliche Prognose stellt ein demokratisches, also gegnerisches Blatt. Viel bedenklicher für die Ausichten des Herrn Roosevelt ist es schon, dass ihm große, bisher republikanische Blätter in den Rücken fallen, sowie große Zeitungen, die zwar keiner der beiden Parteien angehören, die aber bei den vorigen Wahlen für McKinley eingetreten sind. Endlich nimmt auch ein Teil der deutschen Presse gegen ihn Stellung, während vor vier Jahren die amerikaner fast einmütig sich für McKinley erklärt haben. Die veränderte Haltung vieler früherer Freunde ist vor allem darauf zurückzuführen, dass auch Roosevelts Gegenkandidat, Parker, ein Anhänger der Goldwährung ist, während Bryan, der 1896 und 1900 kandidiert hatte, leidenschaftlich für die freie Silberprägung eingetreten war. Diese Auffassung Bryans war es vor allem, die die Deutschen der republikanischen Partei wieder zugeführt hatte, von der sie sich 1884 getrennt hatten, weil unter der 24 jährigen ununterbrochenen Herrschaft der republikanischen Partei von 1860 bis 1884 die schlimmste Korruption in der Staatsverwaltung eingerichtet war. Nachdem nun der Hinderungsgrund für das weitere Verbleiben bei den Demokraten in Fortfall gekommen ist, können die Deutschen wieder zu dieser Partei, was sie um so lieber tun, als auch unter Roosevelt die Korruption mit der republikanischen Partei sich identifiziert, trotzdem der Präsident selbst eine durchaus unanständige Persönlichkeit ist. Auch Roosevelts vielgerühmte Deutschfreundlichkeit kann für sie kein Grund sein, bei ihm zu verharren. Es kommt nicht auf die Gesinnung des Präsidenten an, sondern darauf, wie der ganze Staatsmechanismus abgestimmt ist. Und da darf man wohl sagen, dass sich noch nie eine solche Abneigung gegen das Deutsche stattfinden hat, wie gerade seit der Wiedererlangung der Herrschaft durch die republikanische Partei im Jahre 1896. Trotzdem die Deutschen zusammen mit den Skandinaviern weitaus das beste Einwanderungselement gewesen sind und trotzdem sie sich fast durchweg eine angemessene Lebensstellung zu erringen gewusst haben und bei der Wahl McKinleys hervorragendes zu dem republikanischen Sieg beigetragen haben, werden sie doch von den republikanischen Jingos über die Achseln angegesehen — noch ebenso wie zu der Zeit, als ihre Zugehörigkeit zur Demokratie ein Grund war, ihren amerikanischen Patriotismus zu verdächtigen. Und dies ist ein weiterer Grund, weshalb die einigenden Elemente des deutschen und auch viele Vollblut-Yankees von einer neuen Präsidentschaft Roosevelts nichts wissen wollen: unter Roosevelt ist das Jingotum zu einer Vollendung gediehen, die man noch vor einem Jahrzehnt nicht für möglich gehalten hätte. Der Präsident selbst ist trotz persönlichen Wohlwollens gegen die Angehörigen anderer Rassen Jingo durch und durch, und wenn man nach seinen innersten Herzensregungen forschen würde, so würde man finden, dass er dem Dicken aus Mr. Podd snap sehr ähnlich — für den aus England nichts existiert und nach England nichts sehnst Haus sich in jämmerlichem Zustande, mit überwiegendem Großgrundbesitzer die krassesten Fälle von Bevorrechtung der Güter in der Schul- und Landverteilung aufweisen. Hierfür nur einige Beispiele: Die Schulgemeinde Limmer (Kr. Lilfeld) hat 865 M. im Jahre für die Schule anzubringen, während der Staat 700 M. Zusatz gibt. Von den 75 Schulkindern sind 29 von dem zum Schulverband gehörigen Grafen von Görtz-Wrisberg'schen Gut. Trotzdem zahlt das Gut nichts zu den Schullasten, ist aber durch Prozess zur Unterhaltung des Küsterhaus, das zugleich Lehrerwohnung ist, verpflichtet. Dieses während die Gemeinde die Schule stützt in befriedigendem Zustande erhält. Das Gut kauft den ganzen nur irgendwie kauflichen Grundbesitz in der Gemeinde auf und zahlt auch davon keine Lasten. Würde das Gut im selben Verhältnis wie die Gemeinde zu den Schullasten herangezogen, so müßte es 555 M. zahlen. Die Gemeinden Settmarshausen und Klein-Wiershausen gehören zusammen mit Gut Olenhausen neben dem Vorwerk Heißental zu einem Schulverband, der 478,24 N. Schulbeiträge aufbringt. Davon trägt Settmarshausen zwei Drittel, Klein-Wiershausen ein Drittel. Gut Olenhausen will dagegen zu keiner Zahlung verpflichtet sein, obwohl es ebenso starkkräftig ist, wie die Gemeinden, und gibt nur „frei-willig“ 48 M. Wer will sich wundern, wenn die schwer belasteten Dorfgemeinden nichts für die Schule tun können, so daß dort eine Halbtagschule mit einem Lehrer und 118 Kindern besteht? Im Schulverband Jühnde (Kr. Münden) zahlt das Rittergut des Freiherrn v. Grote, obwohl es 1400 Hektar groß ist, während der Besitz der Dorfgemeinde nur 800 Hektar beträgt, von den 1825 M. Schullasten nur ein Viertel. Der Besitzer hat gelegentlich der Verhandlungen über das LehrerbesoldungsgeSETZ öffentlich erklärt, dass er kein Interesse an einer anderen Volkschule habe. Im Kreis Fallingbostel besteht in Stellichte eine Schule mit 62 Kindern, von denen 25 vom Rittergut Stellichte kommen. Trotzdem bezahlt das Rittergut nichts zu den Schullasten; von Rechts wegen müßte es drei Fünftel sämtlicher Schullasten tragen. Das Hannoverische nationalliberale Blatt zählt noch etwa ein Dutzend ähnlicher Fälle von Überlastung der Landgemeinden mit Schullasten, während die Gutsbezirke nur minimale oder gar keine Beiträge leisten, auf. Und wer sind die Inhaber der Gutsbezirke, die die „Interessensolidarität zwischen Groß- und Kleingrundbesitz“ in dieser für ihren Geldbeutel so vorteilhaften Weise praktisch dokumentieren? In der Liste finden wir da die Namen Graf Galan, Graf München, Freiherr v. Kette nebe dem, Freiherr v. Reden und andere. Das „noblesse oblige“ scheint den Herren ein unbekannter Begriff zu sein. Medizin und Zahnheilkunde, sowie zur Apothekerlaufbahn zu unterziehen. Nur drei Staaten, nämlich Anhalt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen und Waldeck, sind dem Vorgang Preußens gefolgt, während alle übrigen Staaten nur noch mit Preußen vereinigt sind in Bezug auf das Studium der Tierheilkunde, die Post und Telegraphie, auf den Eintritt als Fähnrich ins Heer und als Kadett in die Marine, sowie auf den Schiffbau und das Marinebaufach. Ferner ist den Abiturienten der Realgymnasien ohne Nachprüfung im Griechischen das Lehrfach in einer neuen Sprache, in der Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften, sowie der Eintritt in das Forst-, Staatsbau- und Maschinenfach in allen deutschen Staaten, das Bergfach in allen, mit Ausnahme von Baden, eröffnet. Zu dem Lehrfach in der alten Philologie und Geschichte werden sie nur in elf Staaten: Sachsen-Weimar, Sachsen-Koburg-Gotha, Anhalt, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Waldeck, Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, wenn und zum Studium der Rechtswissenschaften nur in fünf Staaten: Württemberg, Anhalt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Waldeck, zugelassen. Eine weit größere Verschiedenheit ist dann aber in Beziehung auf die Abiturienten der Oberrealgymnasien vorhanden. Jenen ist noch verschlossen das Lehrfach in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften in acht Staaten: Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sachsen-Meiningen, Sachsen-Altenburg, Reuß junior, Reuß senior, Schaumburg-Lippe, Lippe-Detmold, das Forstfach in zehn Staaten: Bayern, Sachsen, Württemberg, Baden, Hessen, Sachsen-Weimar, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sachsen-Meiningen, Sachsen-Altenburg, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, das Bergfach in neun Staaten: Bayern, Baden, Sachsen-Meiningen, Sachsen-Altenburg, Sachsen-Koburg-Gotha, Reuß junior, Reuß senior, Schaumburg-Lippe, Lippe-Detmold, das Staatsbau- und Maschinenbaufach ebenfalls in elf Staaten: Bayern, Sachsen, Baden, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Sachsen-Meiningen, Sachsen-Altenburg, Reuß junior, Reuß senior, Schaumburg-Lippe, Lippe-Detmold. Eröffnet ist ihnen das Lehramt der neueren Sprachen in elf Staaten (Preußen, Sachsen - Weimar, Sachsen - Koburg - Gotha, Anhalt, Schwarzburg - Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg - Sondershausen, Waldeck, Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, Elsass - Lothringen), das Lehramt in der alten Philologie und Geschichte ebenfalls in elf Staaten (Preußen, Sachsen - Weimar, Sachsen - Koburg - Gotha, Anhalt, Schwarzburg - Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg - Sondershausen, Waldeck, Lübeck, Bremen, Hamburg, Elsass - Lothringen) und endlich das Studium der Rechtswissenschaften nur in vier Staaten (Preußen, Anhalt, Waldeck, Schwarzburg - Sondershausen). Das ungleiche Verhalten der deutschen Bundesstaaten bei der Regelung des Berechtigungsverhältnisses wird von Jahr zu Jahr unerfreulichere Wirkungen zeitigen. Lassen sich doch schon jetzt Oberrealschul-abiturienten anderer Staaten in Preußen naturalisieren, damit sie zum Studium der Rechtswissenschaften zugelassen werden. An außerpreußischen Universitäten kommt es vor, dass die eigenen Landeskinder, falls sie Oberrealschüler sind, nicht in die juristische Fakultät aufgenommen werden, während dies bei preußischen Oberrealschülern geschieht. Volkswirtschaftliches. - Eine Anzahl sächsischer Landtagsabgeordneter aus den durch die Einstellung der Elbschiffahrt am meisten bedrohten Gegenden Sachsens hat die Minister des Inneren und der Finanzen um eine Audienz ersucht. Der Minister des Inneren wird sie am Sonnabend empfangen. Anlass zu dem Ersuchen gab die immer dringender werdende Klage vieler Kreise der Industrie, des Handels und des Gewerbes, die die Gewährung einer Frachtermäßigung auf den Eisenbahnen auch für die Industrie produkte für unumgänglich halten. Kirche und Schule. In der Presse wurde nicht mit Unrecht darüber Klage geführt, dass die evangelischen deutschen Bundesfürsten sich an der Einweihung der Protestationskirche in Speyer nicht zu beteiligen gedachten. Jetzt wird der "Dresdner Tageblatt" bekannt, dass sich der Großherzog von Sachsen - Weimar, der Erbprinz von Reuß j. L, Prinz Ernst von Sachsen - Meiningen und der Regent der Herzogtümer Koburg und Gotha zur Einweihung nach Speyer begeben werden. Verwaltung und Rechtspflege. - Der "Staatsanzeiger" veröffentlicht das Gesetz, betreffend die Gründung neuer Ansiedlungen in den Provinzen Ostpreußen, Westpreußen, Brandenburg, Pommern, Posen, Schlesien, Sachsen und Westfalen vom 10. August 1904, Parteinachrichten. - Das Gesamtbild, dass der Verbandsanwalt Dr. Crüger auf dem Breslauer Genossenschaftstage der auf Selbsthilfe beruhenden deutschen Wirtschaftsgenossenschaften von dem Konkurrenzkampf der einzelnen größeren Genossenschaftsverbände zeichnete, war, wenn auch die großen Fortschritte, die das Genossenschaftswesen selbst in diesem Jahre wieder zu verzeichnen hat, recht plastisch in der Erscheinung traten, doch im einzelnen wenig erfreulich. Leider ist, wie die Dinge liegen, wenig Aussicht vorhanden, dass diese Zerrissenheit in der deutschen Genossenschaftsbewegung in absehbare Zeit verschwinden und einem harmonischen Zusammenarbeit Platz machen werde. Anzuerkennen ist das große Interesse, das die staatlichen Behörden den Verhandlungen des Breslauer Genossenschaftstages entgegenbrachten, wenn auch in Praxis das Verhalten der Regierung gegenüber den auf Selbsthilfe beruhenden Genossenschaften zuweilen ein wenig freundliches war. Recht wenig im Einklang mit der Begleichung der anderen Genossenschaftsverbände durch die Regierung war allerdings die von dem Geh. Reg. Rat Dr. Bartisch im Namen des Handelsministers abgegebene Erklärung, die Regierung stelle sich im Genossenschaftswesen auf das Prinzip der Selbsthilfe, das das Genossenschaftswesen durchdringen müsse. In der Praxis stellt sich aber die Sache meist so, dass der Reichsverband und der Neuwieder Verband sich in hohem Grade nach wie vor staatlicher Subventionen zu erfreuen haben. Ein treffendes Wort hat ein Vertreter der badischen Regierung, Herr Lohr, in Breslau gesprochen, das den Zünftlern allerding sehr unangenehm in den Ohren klingen dürfte. Er trat nämlich der Auffassung in Handwerkerkreisen entgegen, dass nur der „Befähigungsnachweis“ dem Handwerk helfen könne. Seiner Meinung nach sei ein Befähigungsnachweis im Rahmen des Handwerks vielen notwendiger. Soziales. - Klus Leipzig wird uns berichtet: Der Versuch der „Evangelschen-sozialen Vereinigung“, die Evangelischen Arbeitervereine zur Abrüstung gegenüber der Sozialdemokratie zu bewegen, hatte bereits den Erfolg gehabt, dass der verantwortliche Leiter des offiziellen Organs des Evangelischen Arbeitervereins, Pastor Kruspe, den neuen Programmpunkt vorschlug: „Die evangelischen Arbeitervereine verhalten sich allen politischen Parteien gegenüber neutral und nehmen Mitglieder aller Parteien auf.“ Das heißt also: auch Sozialdemokraten trotz des Bekenntnisses der Vereine zur Königs-treue. Dieses Entgegenkommen hat aber jetzt eine scharfe Reaktion innerhalb der evangelischen Vereine ausgelöst. In der heutigen Nummer des „Evang. Arbeiterblattes schreibt Pastor Winter, der Vorsitzende des sächsischen Landesverbandes evangelischer Arbeitervereine: „Die evangelischen Arbeitervereine würden nach wie vor politisch neutral bleiben und auch die politische Bekämpfung der Sozialdemokratie anderen überlassen; sie fühlten sich in ihren sozialen Bestrebungen als Teil der modernen Arbeiterbewegung, aber gegen sozialdemokratische Gesinnung, gegen Vaterlandslosigkeit und Christentumsfeindlichkeit würden sie nicht aufhören, scharf Front zu machen, und deshalb werde es, solange die Sozialdemokratie sei, wie sie sei, unmöglich sein, daß einer zugleich Mitglied eines evangelischen Arbeitervereins und Sozialdemokrat sei. Die evangelischen Arbeitervereine seien der organisierte Widerstand gegen das religionsfeindliche Treiben der Sozialdemokratie. Wenn sie sich ängstlich fürchteten, die Sozialdemokratie zu kränken, ihr gegenüber nach dieser Richtung Neutralität zu proklamieren, könnten sie dies nicht sein. “Kräftige Unterstützung in dieser entschiedenen Abwehr findet Pastor Winter durch Protestartikel zweier Arbeitervereinsmitglieder in der gleichen Nummer. Außerdem hat die Leipziger Südostgruppe der Evangelischen Arbeitervereine bereits gegen ein Hand in Hand gehen mit der „Evangelschen Vereinigung“ Stellung genommen. Es handelt sich um eine Lebensfrage der evangelischen Arbeitervereine. Koloniales. Zum Auftrag der Entschädigungskommission für Südwestafrika hat als deren Vorsitzender der Oberrichter von Scheidt unterm 14. Juli d. J. folgende Bekanntmachung erlassen: Auf Grund des 88 der Verfügung des Reichskanzlers vom 2. Juni 1904, betreffend Verwendung des in der zweiten Ergänzung zum Haushalts-Etat der Schutzgebiete auf das Rechnungsjahr 1904 unter Kapitel 1, Titel 14 der Ausgaben für das südwestafrikanische Schutzgebiet bereitgestellten Fonds von 2 Millionen Mark, werden diejenigen, welche während des Herero-Aufstandes durch Handlung der aufständigen Einwohner unmittelbaren Schaden an beweglichem oder unbeweglichem Eigentum erlitten haben, und ein Darlehen oder eine Hilfeleistung (letztere ohne die Verpflichtung zur Zurückstellung) wünschen, aufgefordert, den Schaden sowie Art und Höhe des gewünschten Darlehens oder der gewünschten Hilfeleistung bis zum 31. Dezember 1904 zur Vermeidung der Nichtberücksichtigung anzumelden. Zu der Anmeldung ist ein Formular, welches kostenlos von der Kolonial-Abteilung des Auswärtigen Amtes in Berlin bezogen werden kann, zu benutzen. Frühere, ohne dieses Formular eingereichte Anmeldungen müssen unter Benutzung des Formulars wiederholt werden. Die Höhe des angemeldeten Schadens ist durch Belege (Versicherungsverträge, Fakturen und andere Urkunden) und nötigenfalls auch durch Benennung von Zeugen darzutun. Die Darlehen und Hilfslöstungen können in Geld- oder Naturalleistungen bestehen; in der Anmeldung ist anzugeben, ob und welche Naturalleistungen gewünscht werden. Anträge auf Leistung eines Vorschlusses auf die später zu gewährenden Darlehen oder Hilfeleistungen zum Zwecke der Wiederaufnahme des Wirtschaftsbetriebes vor Abschluss der Ermittlungen (10 der Versicherung des Reichskanzlers vom 2. Juni 1904) sind besonders einzureichen. Die Eingaben können an die Adresse des Kaiserlichen Gouvernements gerichtet werden. Kurskand, Der Krieg in Ostasien. Kleinere Gefechte bei Linyang. Wie General Kuropatkin dem Kaiser unter dem vorgestrigen Datum meldet, rückte am 24. August ein japanisches Bataillon im Tale des Sidahya von Aiziaputsi über Pahudsa auf Laodintan vor, in dessen Umgebung eine kleine russische Abteilung stand. Der Vormarsch der Japaner wurde um 3 Uhr nachmittags bei Laodintan durch eine russische Kompanie aufgehalten, die 5 Mann an Verwundeten verlor. An demselben Tage leisteten 2 Kompanien bei Tunspu, 7 Werste südwestlich von Liandiansan, einem überlegenen vorrückenden feindlichen Streitkräften erfolgreich Widerstand. Als die Russen Verstärkungen erhielten, stellte der Feind den Vormarsch ein. Auf russischer Seite wurden in diesem Gefecht ein Offizier verwundet und am Abend desselben Tages besetzten die Japaner, nachdem sie die russischen Wachposten zurückgedrängt hatten, die Höhen im Südwesten von Liandiansan und schritten zur Aufwerfung von Schanzen auf ihnen. Am 25. August eröffnete eine feindliche Batterie um 58 Uhr früh das Feuer in der Richtung auf das Dorf Kolinzi, 6 Werste westlich von Liandiansan. Eine russische Batterie erwiderte das Feuer. Trotz der bedeutenden Entfernung war ihr Feuer wirksam. Die japanischen Geschütze verstummen, und man bemerkte, dass ihre Bedienungsmannschaften sich verbargen. Am Morgen desselben Tages rückte der Feind in Stärke von etwa einer Brigade Infanterie mit vier Batterien im Tale des Sidahya talabwärts auf Tunspu und Tasintun vor und drängte zwei russischen Kompanien, die sich zurückzogen. Eine der Kompanien der japanischen Vorhut, die im Tale des Sidahya vorrückte, war dem Feuer der russischen Batterie ausgesetzt; sie erlitt anscheinend große Verluste und zog sich eilig zurück. Bei Landiansan stand der Feind am Morgen zwei Batterien auf und beschoß die russischen Stellungen sowie eine russische Abteilung, welche sich in ein lebhaftes Gefecht mit der feindlichen Infanterie eingelassen hatte, die aus dem Erdhalb hervorbrach und nach Kiminsi marschierte. Die russischen Batterien begannen einen Kampf mit diesen Batterien und brachten eine von ihnen rasch zum Schweigen. Das Feuer der russischen Infanterie in die Flucht, die auf den Höhen östlich von Kataßi begonnen hatte, Schanzen aufzuwerfen. Gegen 3 Uhr nachmittags wurde festgestellt, dass bedeutende Infanterie-massen vorgegangen waren und dass sie auf den Höhen im Süden des Sanputales Schanzen aufwarfen. Um 4 Uhr wurde eine japanische Gebirgsbatterie, die auf einer Höhe nordwestlich von Kiminsi erschien, durch das Feuer der russischen Batterie genötigt, sich zurückzuziehen. Insgesamt rückten, wie bis 5 Uhr nachmittags festgestellt wurde, mindestens 2 Divisionen Infanterie mit 10 Batterien gegen die Stellung bei Landiansan vor. Weitere Berichte über den Verlauf des Kampfes sind nicht eingegangen. Sonstige Meldungen. Die Abendblätter veröffentlichen ein Telegramm aus Tokio, nach dem gegenwärtig in Sassobo 80 Transportschiffe mit Truppen und Munition für die Mandschurei gefüllt werden. 30,000 Mann gehen nach Liaoyang ab. Wie Londoner Blätter melden, wurde ein französischer Dampfer, der von Port Arthur kam, von einem japanischen Kriegsschiff gekapert; das Schiff wurde mit der Ladung nach Sassobo gebracht. Österreich-Ungarn. — Der Kaiser hat an den Statthalter Grafen von Coudenhove folgendes Handschreiben gerichtet: Die anhaltende Trockenheit und der infolgedessen herrschende Mangel an gutem Trinkwasser haben mich veranlaßt, die Abhaltung der in der Gegend von Strakonitz geplanten großen Manöver abzusagen. Hinzugefügt hat mich ebenso sehr die Rücksicht auf die Truppen bestimmt als auch der Wunsch, der Bevölkerung jener Gegend, welche auch schwer unter der Ungewissheit der Witterung leidet, nicht noch Opfer aufzuerteilen, welche unter den gegenwärtigen Verhältnissen mit der Erhöhung der Truppenmassen verbunden gewesen wären. Die Bewohner der für jene Truppen-truppe weiter die japanischen Übungen in Aussicht genommene Bezirke haben aber schon bisher durch ihr den Anforderungen der Militär- und Zivilbehörden bei der Vorbereitung der Manöver bewiesen bereitwilliges Entgegenkommen gezeigt, ihre patriotische Gesinnung und Opferwilligkeit gezeigt. Ich beauftrage Sie, hierfür meinen Dank kundzugeben und auch mein Bedauern darüber, da jetzt mit der Bevölkerung jener Gegend nicht, wie es meine Absicht war, in Berührung kommen werde. Serbien. Die serbische Regierung wurde amtlich benachrichtigt, dass die Pforte dem serbischen Metropoliten Sebastian in Üsküb das Exequatur (soviel wie Regierungsverkündigung. D. Red.) erteilt habe. Provinzialnachrichten, Leipzig, 27. Aug. Bahnbau. - Unfall. In einer am Donnerstag stattgehabten Besprechung des Bahnbause Leipzig - Merseburg, an der die Herren Geh. Bauinspektor Stahl - Halle und Regierungsrat von Lentze - Merseburg teilnahmen, wurde für den Bahnhof Zosschen ein Platz am Gottesacker zwischen Zosschen und Schernitz als geeignet befunden. Die Haltestelle bei Wallendorf soll am westlichen Eingang zum Dorf und zwar an der Südseite der Chaussee errichtet werden. Mit dem Vermessen der neuen Eisenbahnstrecke ist in voriger Woche nach längerer Pause wieder begonnen worden. Bis zum Beginn des Baues dürften allerdings noch verschiedene Jahre vergehen. - Ein beklagenswerter Unfall ereignete sich gestern vormittag kurz nach 9 Uhr auf der Halleischen Chaussee. Da, wo die elektrische Straßenbahn von der Eisenbahnüberführung aus in die Chaussee einmündet, scheuete das Pferd des Landwirt und Ortsvorsitzers Sommerwerk aus Neumark, der in der Richtung nach Schkopau fuhr, vor einem entgegenkommenden Straßenbahnwagen. Der Wagenführer, der die Unruhe seines Pferdes bemerkte, war von seinem Wagen abgestiegen und hatte es kurz am Zaum gefasst, als das scheuende Tier plötzlich gegen den elektrischen Wagen aufbäumte, seinen Herrn mit furchbarer Gewalt gegen dieselbe schleuderte und mit der Wagenschaft und den Vorderhufen einige Fenster zertrümmerte. Der Verunglückte blieb bewußtlos liegen, wurde von den Straßenbahnfahrern in ihren Wagen gehoben und hierher gebracht, wo ihm die erste ärztliche Hilfe zuteil wurde. Der Verunglückte hat schwere Verletzungen an Kopf und an einer Hand erhalten, so dass an seinem Aufkommen gezweifelt wird. Mittels Siebkorbes wurde er nach Anlegung eines Notverbandes nach dem Bahnhof gebracht, um von hier aus mit dem nächsten Zug nach seinem Wohnort Neumark geschafft zu werden. Der Führer des Straßenbahnwagens blieb unverletzt, auch ein kleiner Sohn des, der sich auf dem Wagen des Vaters befand, blieb glücklicherweise unverletzt. Das Gefährte des an dem die Deichsel gebrochen war, wurde in Schkopau untergebracht. Das Pferd ist ebenfalls unverletzt geblieben. In Nietleben, 26. Aug. [Ein Brand, der für unseren Ort bei dem großen Wasser mangel und der Trockenheit hätte verhängnisvoll werden können, war durch brennenden Rüß im Hellriegelschen Grundstück, Dölauer Str. 33, gestern abend in der elften Stunde ausgebrochen. Das Feuer wurde glücklicherweise noch rechtzeitig bemerkt; die schon schlafenden Bewohner wurden geweckt und der Brand im Entstehen unterdrückt. In Querfurt, 26. Aug. (Landwirtschaftliche Winter-Schule.) Dem Vernehmen nach soll hier eine landwirtschaftliche Winter-Schule errichtet werden, geeignete Schritte hierzu sind bereits getan. Da im Kreis Querfurt hauptsächlich Landwirtschaft betrieben wird, so wird das Unternehmen freundig begrüßt. In Delitzsch, 26. Aug. Der Erziehungsanstalt Überwiesen. Der 11 jährige Schulknabe, der, wie vor kurzem berichtet, verschiedene Roheiten verübte (er zerstörte Grabdenkmäler auf einem Kirchhof und würgte einen Knaben), wurde der Erziehungsanstalt Harburg übergeben. In Zeitz, 26. Aug. [Jagdscheine.] Der königliche Landrat gibt im Amtlichen Verordnungsblatt für den Landkreis Zeitz folgendes bekannt: „Aus wärtige Jagdliebhaber, die nicht im Besitz eines preußischen Jagdscheines und wegen Mangels an Zeit auch nicht in der Lage sind, sich einen solchen vor Beginn der Jagd bei mir zu lösen, haben sich gegen die gesetzliche Strafe dadurch zu schützen versucht, dass sie vor Beginn der Jagd die Jagdscheingebühr bei dem betreffenden Gemeinde-Vorsteher einzuzahlen und sich von diesem hierüber eine entsprechende Belegen ausstellen lassen - ein Verfahren, wie es in anderen Bundesstaaten üblich und auch gesetzlich zulässig sein soll. Da eine derartige Belegen die Inhaber nicht vor der gesetzlichen Strafe schützt, wohl aber dies in der zuverlässigen Annahme, hierdurch allen gesetzlichen Vorschriften diesseits genügt zu haben, bestärkt, weise ich die Herren Gemeinde- und Gutsvorsteher des Kreises hierdurch an, sich der Erteilung solcher Belegen bei Vermeidung empfindlicher Ordnungsstrafen zu enthalten. Um indessen in Ausnahmefällen die rechtzeitige Lösung eines Jagdscheines für auswärtige Jagdgäste zu ermöglichen, habe ich jetzt den Herren Amtsvorsteher in Crosen, Wittgendorf und Kayna einige Tages-Jagdscheine blanketts zur Abgabe in vorkommenden besonderen Fällen verabfolgt. “h. Elsterwerda, 26 Aug. [Reifeprüfung.] Gestern wurde die Abiturientenprüfung am bisherigen Königl. Seminar beendet. Alle 37 Prüflinge bestanden; 9 von ihnen wurden wegen ihrer schriftlichen Arbeiten vom mündlichen Examen entbunden. Den Vorsitz in der Prüfungskommission führte der Provinzialschulrat Geheimrat Friesen aus Magdeburg. Schönebeck a., 26. Aug. Erhöhung der Elb-Vorländer. Die Kgl. Elbstrombauverwaltung zu Magdeburg hat die Erhöhung der linksseitigen Elbvorländer um 1 m genehmigt. Das Speditionsgeschäft ist mit den Vorbereitungen für diese Arbeit jetzt beschäftigt. Es werden Spundwände gegen die Ufer der Häfen mittels einer Dampframme eingerammt. Ungeheure Massen von Kies werden angefahren; teils kommt er vom Umbau der Bahngleise, wo der Kies herausgeworfen und durch Schlag erstellt wird, teils ist er aus der Elbe gebaggert, der am jenseitigen Ufer und am Kanal so verschandet war, daß der Fährverkehr behindert war und Fahrzeuge nicht in den Kanal einlaufen konnten. Genthin, 26. Aug. Kircheneinweihung. - Schlechte Pilzernte. Gestern wurde im benachbarten Ort Altenvlathow die neuerbaute Kirche eingeweiht. An der Feier nahm auch Regierungspräsident Dr. Baltz teil, welcher in früheren Jahren längere Zeit in unserer Stadt tätig war. Sowohl die Straßen des Dorfes wie auch unserer Stadt waren reich geschmückt. Die Weiherede hielt Generalsuperintendent Dr. Vieregge - Magdeburg, die Liturgie unser früherer Ehesus Superintendent Pfau-Weferlingen, welcher sich vor Jahren um den Neubau der Kirche sehr bemüht hatte. Die bunten Glasfenster in dem freundlichen Gotthaus sind eine Stiftung eines Einwohners, der zu diesem Zweck 6000 M. spendete. Um 1 u fand ein Ball im Gabelschen Saal statt. - Die diesjährige Dürre hat ihre schädliche Wirkung auch auf die Pilzernte, die zu Anfang zu den besten Hoffnungen berechtigte, ausgeübt. „Pilzmyzelium“ ist an den altbekannten Pilzfedern so abgehauen, dass selbst reichlicher Regen nichts mehr verbessern kann. Pfifferlingen fehlen sowohl als Feldchampignons. In schattigen Eichenwäldern mag vielleicht der Steinpilz noch eine spaßliche Ernte ergeben. Die Kgl. Regierung - u e g t K. Erfurt, 26. Aug. V.D.V.C.V.C.7 "V.G.M 26. Aug. u.Brotken,[Witterungsbericht.] Bei ansteigendem Barometer und fortgesetzten frischen bis ungünstigen nordwestlichen Winden hält die trübe, teils neblige, artenlose Witterung hier oben noch weiter an. Am Mittwoch und öfter auch geblieben war die Brockenkuppe bis 9 Uhr vor - soweit in Nebel verkleidet; darauf verschwand der Nebel, der sich in schöner, dunkelblauer Färbung, und eine hinweibende Fernsicht bot, sich den zahlreichen Brockenbesuchern welts Gesteiern nachmittag waren das Kyffhäuser-Denkmal, sowie dem Stuhlbach-Zellerfeld zu erkennen. Infolge der den Horizont endenden Dunstwand und der mannigfachen zerteilten Wolkenmultiten sich gestern abend besonders entfaltete Farben. Braunrot verfloss die Sonne in dem Weinkeller, die Färbung der Wolken ging von Hellrot in Violett um schließlich als purpurroter Lichtstreifen noch lange am abgestorbenen Horizont zu leuchten. In der letzten Nacht bildeten sich wieder Nebelschichten auf dem Brocken Gipfel, die sich jedoch organisch aber gleich wieder auflösten, während der Himmel mit einer fast gleichmäßigen Wolkendecke überzogen blieb. Am Ende des Mittwochs fiel die Temperatur bis auf 8 Grad, ging in der Nacht zum Donnerstag auf 3 Grad hinab und erreichte am Ende des Donnerstag 9 Grad. Gestern abend zeigte das Thermometer 5 Grad, heute morgen um 7 Uhr nur 4 Grad Wärme. (Nachdruck, auch aus zusätzliche, unterzeichnet.) * Braunschweig, 26. August. Großfeuer. Gestern abend um 10 Uhr verkündete Sturmläuten von den Türmen der Stadt den Ausbruch von Großfeuer, das sich gleichzeitig durch eine im Westen der Stadt aufsteigende gewaltige Feuerlilie weithin demerken machte. In dem Eichternstraße Nr. 46 belegenen Hintergebäude des Fuhrwerksbesitzers Christian Hagemann war um 10 Uhr ausgebrochen und hatte mit rasender Schnelligkeit um sich gegriffen, soweit die erst verspätet eingeschulhte Berufsfeuerwehr bei ihrem Eintreffen bereits ein gewaltiges Feuermeer vorfand. Auch die angrenzenden Hintergebäude Nr. 45 und 47 waren bereits vom Brande ergriffen. Die Feuerwehr, durch die schnell herbeigeilten freiwilligen Wehren kräftig unterstützt, setzte die Dampfspritzen an der Eichtern- und Sonnenstraße in Tätigkeit und richtete von allen Nebenplätzen und Straßen her Schlauchleitungen auf, den Brandherd. Um die auf das höchste gefährdeten und teilweise sogar schon vom Feuer ergriffenen Vorderhäuser wirksam mit Wasser zu besprühen, mussten die Feuerwehrleute vielfach benachbarte Dächer erklimmen. Die schnell verbreitete Kunde von dem Brande hatte binnen kurzer Zeit eine nach vielen Tausenden zählende Menschenmenge auf die Beine gebracht. In der Umgebung des Brandherdes bot die Echternstraße einen traurigen Anblick dar. Kinder liefen weinend umher, Erwachsene hockten, teilweise nur notdürftig bekleidet, bei ihren geretteten, wenn auch vielfach beschädigten Sachen, die an der gegenüberliegenden Häuserreihe in buntem Durcheinander aufgeschichtet waren. Vielfach hörte man auch Wehklagen über den Verlust nicht versicherter Sachen. Menschenleben sind glücklicherweise nicht zu beklagen, obwohl namentlich viele Kinder schon das Bett aufgesucht hatten und schlaftrunken aus den brennenden Gebäuden hinausgetragen werden mussten. Die Pferde des Fuhrwerksbesitzers Hagemann, 28 an der Zahl, sind insgesamt gerettet worden, doch haben die dabei beschäftigten Personen fast ausnahmslos ihre gesamte Habe im Stich lassen müssen. Goslar, 26. Aug. Der Harzklub Zweigverein Goslar nahm in seiner gestrigen Versammlung Stellung zu den Anträgen für die Hauptversammlung. Im allgemeinen sprach man sich für die gestellten Anträge aus. Nur bezüglich der geforderten 6000 M. aus dem Kartenfonds für die Herausstellung des ersten Teiles der neuen Harzkarte (Thale mit Umgebung) hatte die Mehrheit ernste Bedenken. Es wurde hervorgehoben, dass die für die ganze Karte auf etwa 50,000 M. veranschlagten Kosten doch wohl nicht im Verhältnis stehen zu dem Wert der Karte für den Harzklub, und dass andererseits, wenn die Herausstellung der ganzen Karte eine zu lange Zeit fordern würde, etwa zehn Jahre, die ersten Teile in Einzelheiten bei Vollendung der Karte schon wieder veraltet und unzutreffend sein würden. Wenn in der Versammlung keine besonders guten Gründe für die Notwendigkeit der Karte geltend gemacht werden, soll der Vertreter, Kunstmaler Weinack, eventuell ablehnend stimmen. Weimar, 26. Aug. Bedauerlicher Unfall. Gestern vormittag ereignete sich im Hof des hierigen Elektrizitätswerkes ein Unfall, der wiederum beweist, wie seltsam oft der Zufall spielt. Vom Neubau an der Ecke der Frauentorstraße waren mehrere eiserne Pfeiler, wie sie zur Leitung der Drähte von der Elektrischen früher dort standen, nach dem Elektrizitätswerk transportiert worden. Dort legte man die schweren Säulen auf zwei Holzböcke, und zwar unvorsichtigerweise so, dass die einzige runde Säule (alle übrigen waren eckig) vorn zu liegen kam. Der kleine 6-jährige Sohn des neuen Werkmeisters Pflüglster spielte in nächster Nähe der Holzböcke, als plötzlich der runde Pfeiler ins Rollen kam, beretzte und das bedauerliche Kind erschlug. Der Tod trat fast unmittelbar darauf ein. Ob jemanden an dem Unglück beladen beizumessen ist, wird sich schwerlich konstatieren. Apolda, 26. August. Jg. Unfall. Bei einer in der Jagdflur Jßerstedt - Vierzeiligen abgehaltenen Rebhühnerjagd wurde der Forstläufer Hültig, aus Jßerstedt von einem an der Jagd, beteiligten Nimrod durch einen Schuss ins Gesicht erheblich verletzt. Noch am selben Tag wurde der Verletzte in die Klinik nach Jena gebracht. Arnstadt, 26. Aug. (Verhaftung.) In verführerischer Nacht wurde der Bäckergeselle Lux verhaftet, weil er in dem See ständig, seinem Meister, dem Bäcker Hofserbart in Rudisleben, einen Betrag von 1000 Mark entwendet zu haben. Leipzig, 26. Aug. (Tödlicher Unfall.) In der Wallwitzstraße in Rennbahn wurde der Möbelräumer Friedrich beim Transport eines Geldschrankes getötet. Der Unfall ereignete sich dadurch, dass Friedrich austrifft, wobei ihm der Geldschrank auf den Kopf fiel. Der Mann starb, bevor der Sanitätswagen einreffen konnte. Saale-Zeitung Kaum je haben sich im Hochsommer die politischen Ereignisse so gedrängt wie in diesem Jahre! War in den letzten Monaten kein Tag ohne bemerkenswerte Nachrichten, so fordern jetzt die Verhältnisse auf den Kriegstheatern im Süden und Osten erst recht das allgemeine Interesse heraus, wie auch die innere politische Lage ganz danach geartet ist, um eine sorgfältige Information über die Ereignisse im eigenen Land zur täglichen Notwendigkeit zu machen. Rascher und zuverlässiger Vachrichtendienst haben die 2mal täglich erscheinende Saale-Zeitung von jeher ausgezeichnet. Wer sie noch nicht hält, dem sei ein Probeabonnement für den Monat September empfohlen. Durch die Post bezogen kostet die Saale-Zeitung monatlich 1,09 Mark, in Halle durch die Expeditionen und Austräger monatlich 85 Pfennige bei täglich einmaliger und 1 Mark bei zweimaliger Zustellung. Probeabonnements Monat September bitten wir sofort zu bestellen. Vermisst. Der Kellner-Signalmaschinist. In der zu Leipzig erscheinenden Gasthof-Zeitung „Hotel-Revue“ lesen wir: „Kellner-Signalmasst“ betitelte sich eine neue Erfindung, die sich der Besitzer eines Etablissements bei Bremen vom Reichspatentamt als Musterschutz hat patentieren lassen. Geschrieben wird das Unikum als ein zusammenklappbarer Gegenstand, der in Garten-Etablissements an jedem Tisch angebracht werden kann. Wenn nun an dem betreffenden Tisch Bedienung gewünscht wird, dann richtet der Gast den sogenannten Kellner-Signalmasst in die Höhe. Alles Rufen und Klopfen soll überflüssig werden. Der erscheinene Kellner klappt dann den Masst wieder zusammen. Der Hauptzweck des Apparates soll angeblich sein, eine mangelhafte Bedienung in großen Garten- oder Saal-Etablissements zu beseitigen und den Besitzer auf den Mangel aufmerksam zu machen. Das Spielzeug wird wohl seinen Zweck gänzlich verfehlen; denn für jeden Tisch ein Instrument macht in einem großen Etablissement schon eine erhebliche Ausgabe. Ist das Ding klein, wird es nicht gesehen, besonders nicht auf größere Entfernung, verfehlt also den Zweck; ist es groß, stört es entschieden am Tisch. Und dann, was geschieht, wenn es vom Publikum als das betrachtet wird, was es ist, nämlich als ein Spielzeug zum Spass und Unfugmachen? „Auch uns“, schreibt dazu die „Frankfurter Zeitung“, erscheint der neue Signalmasst als Verständigungsmittel zwischen Gast und Kellner, er nicht recht zweckmäßig. Uns gefällt der Blauen oder Raketen würden uns schon besser gefallen. Am sympathischsten aber wäre uns irgendein mildes akustisches Signal wie etwa das Nebelhorn. Praktisch wäre auch, an jedem Tisch eines der neuen Feld-Geschütze mit Rohr- Rücklauf anzubringen, die von den Gästen, wenn sie ihr Glas leergetrunken haben, einfach abzufehren wären. Dem kriegerischen Volk der Deutschen würde dies zugeleich eine kluge, gemütlichende und sittlich unanfechtbare Unterhaltung sein. Einen kühlen Sprung aus einem in voller Fahrt begriffenen Eisenbahnzug der Brandenburgischen Städtebahn unternahm am Mittwoch Abend ein Artillerie-Sergeant zwischen den Stationen Belzig und Fredersdorf. Er wollte von Belzig aus nach dem Schießplatz bei Jüterbog zurückfahren, war aber in den fünf Minuten früher nach Brandenburg a. H. abgehenden Zug gefahren und wurde seinen Irrtum erst gewahr, als der Zug schon weit hinter Belzig war. Da der Sergeant unbedingt nach dem Schießplatz zurück musste, riskierte er Kopf und Kragen und sprang aus dem Zug. Er überschlug sich zwar, stand aber sofort wieder auf und eilte spornstreicks nach Velzig zurück. Ganz unlängst diebstahl. Zwei Wiener Damen sind in einem Ostender Hotel Juwelen im Gesamtwert von 100,000 Fr. gestohlen worden. Ein gefährliches Franzlein. Der Vertreter einer Londoner Zeitung hat mit dem jüngsten Ankömmling im Londoner Zoo, einem anmutigen Gorilla-Fräulein, recht schlechte Erfahrungen gemacht. Er hatte den Auftrag, ein naturgetreues und lebenswahres Porträt zweier soeben angekommener Gorillas, der "Chloe" und der "Venus", zu beschaffen, und da die "Venus" sich bei der Aufnahme von der liebenswürdigsten Seite zeigte und ein Gesicht "wie zum Photographieren" machte, ließ er sich, um sein Mut zu zeigen, herbei, dem Affen durch das Gitter seine Hand zu reichen, während er gleichzeitig fragte, wie ihm das Londoner Klima behagt. "Venus" nahm augenscheinlich die unangenehme Spielerei auf den Verlust der persönlichen Freiheit übel, denn sie ergriff nicht nur die biedere Männerrechte, sondern drückte sie so stark, dass sofort an mehreren Stellen Blut hervorkam. Tödliches Schießen wollte man das Tier nicht; den bedrängten Journalisten, der vor Schmerz trotz des zahlreichen Publikums laut aufschrie, mußte man aber befreien. Man reichte darum dem jungen Gorilla erst verschiedene Süßigkeiten und schließlich ganze Tüten voll von Früchten in der Hoffnung, dass "Venus" diesen Gaben ihre volle Aufmerksamkeit und beide Hände widmen würde. Dies geschieh aber nicht, denn eine Hand genügte vollkommen zur Untersuchung sämtlicher Tüten, während die andere mit eisernem Griff die Hand des "Interviewers" umklammerte hielt. Endlich hatte ein kalter Wasserstrahl die gewünschte Wirkung. Beim Verbinden der Hand, von der zum Teil das Fleisch herunter gerissen war, legte aber der Journalist das Gelübde ab, in seinem Leben keiner wirklichen alten oder jungen Affen die Hand reichen zu wollen. Ehrliche Lente. Wenn nirgend anders in der Welt, so gibt es doch in Ceylon noch ehrliche Leute. So schreibt ein Schotte, der auf der genannten Insel große Plantagen besitzt und soeben nach einem zweijährigen Aufenthalt in der alten Heimat nach dort zurückgekehrt ist. Er hat inmitten seiner Plantagen einen prächtigen Palast, der nicht wie unsere Häuser zum Schutz gegen die Kälte gebaut ist, sondern nur die glühenden Sonnenstrahlen abhalten soll. Er hat daher keine Mauern, keine Türen und keine Fenster, sondern besteht nur aus einem Dach, das von prächtigen Pfosten getragen wird. Unter diesem Dach ließ er alle seine Habgüter, zu denen manche bedeutende Sachen gehören, zurück. Kein Wächter und kein Polizist passt dort auf, und die 1500 Arbeiter, die auf den Plantagen beschäftigt sind, gingen während der Abwesenheit des Herrn ruhig in einem Haus ein und aus. Als er nach zwei Jahren wiederkam, fand er alles auf seinem Platz, und auch nicht das geringste war entwendet worden. Die neueste Mode der Amerikanerinnen ist, sich in den Seebädern die Anfangsbuchstaben geliebter Personen (genus masculini) auf ihren schönen Armen "einbühlen" zu lassen. Dies geschieht, indem die Buchstaben aus Heftpflaster ausgeschnitten, auf den Arm geklebt und der dann der Sonne ausgesetzt wird, die das übrige unentgeltlich besorgt. Eine seltsame Hinterlassenschaft. In Neuseeland verstarb kürzlich ein dort vor nahezu 50 Jahren eingewanderter Schotte namens Donald Stuart, der unter vielen anderen Kuriositäten auch den Dolch hinterlassen hat, mit dem, wie er behauptete, Rizzio, der Gunstling der Königin Maria Stuart, auf Anstiften ihres Gatten Lord Darnley im Jahre 1566 im Holyrood-Palast ermordet wurde. Eine andere von Stuart hinterlassene Kuriosität ist ein geschnitzter Pfeifenkopf, der sich angeblich im Besitz des Sir Walter Raleigh befunden hat, dem die Raucher Europa und noch mehr die stets geldbedürftigen Regierungen die Einführung des Tabaks und seines Gebrauchs oder Mißbrauchs zu danken haben. Der Eingang der hervorragenden Damen- und Kinder-Konfektion, Damenputz, Weiß- und Modewaren, Kleiderstoffen und Seiden waren Gardinen, Teppichen und Möbelstoffen, Wäsche, Leinen- und Baumwollen waren erbschaftlich und Winter Neuheiten, die begonnen und erhalten durch weiteren täglichen Zugang ihre vollständige Ausstattung. Der Verkauf Hermann Hönicke Konkursmasse beginnt Dienstag den 30. August um 10 Uhr vormittags und um 7 Uhr nachmittags. Ernst Haassengier & Co. Bankgeschäft, alle a.S., empfehlen ihre Dienste für alle bankgeschäftlichen Transaktionen und für die Effekten-Diskont. Elektrotechnisches Bureau Halle der Verschleißabrigkeit. EDestängen Telephon 1848. Magdeburger Straße 45. Licht und Kraftanlagen im Anschluss an die städt. Elektrizitätswerke, Martinsberg 9, Bankgeschäft, vernünftig 453, geöffnet ununterbrochen von 4 bis 10 Uhr, Sonnabend von 2 bis 10 Uhr, empfiehlt sich für die Ausführung aller zum Bankfach gehörigen Geschäfte, besonders zum An- und Verkauf von Wertpapieren, IBank-Diskont und -Lombard, Gesellschaft, Alte Promenade Z. Löbfinang von Inansensen Rechnungen, von Geldanlagen an Checks, an Depositenkonten auf feste Bedingungen. An- und Verkauf von Staatspapieren, Alten usw. Beleihungen, sowie An- und Bewahrung und Verwaltung von Wertpapieren, Effekten, Kontrolle, Diskontierung von Wechseln, Dormitorium für Wechsel, Meine Wohnung befindet sich jetzt in der Gr. Steinstraße 69, I. Per sowie Vermietung von Schrankfächern, die unter dem eigenen Vorschluss des Abnehmers stehen, in unserer feuer- und diebessicheren Stahlkammer. Hermann Arzneimittel Co., Bank-Kommandit-Gesellschaft. Dr. S.G.A. Seeligmüller, Nervenarzt, a. Friedrichstrasse, Gedichte. Aus dem Provenzalischen von F. Steinitz, Geheimrat, 50 gebunden, 75 in Geschenkband. Alphonse Daudet, Briefe an meiner Mühle. HEINRICH LANZ, Mannheimer Größte und bedeutendste Fabrik Deutschlands für Lokomobilen, Dampf- und Dreschmaschinen und An- und Verkauf von Effekten, Diskontierung, Dynamomaschinen und Rotoren von höchstem Nutzeffekt. Gutere Wechsel-Inkasso, Konto-Korrespondenz, Elektrisch angetriebene Pumpen, Käne, Aufzüge, Spindeln, Drehfeder, Behalten, Check- und Lombard-Verkehr, Schiebebühnen, Hypotheken-Verkehr. Elektrisch-automatische Bierdruckregler. Kostenlose Ausarbeitung von Voranschlägen und Projekten. 32, 34 und 36. 49) Iger Hypotheken-Pläne. Wie Beste Referenzen. Zu Tena Nulins Becker, Hermann Arnhold & Co. Belege mich hiermit den geehrten Pferdebesitzer ganz ergebenst anzuzuzeigen, dass ich das bisher von Herrn Otto Weinstein, Merseburg, in Gasthof „zur alten Post betriebene Pferde- Geschäft weiter betreiben werde. Für reelle Bedienung bürgt mein Name, für Sachkenntnis meine Vergangenheit. Alles Näheres zu erfahren bei Herrn Otto Weinstein. Pfeide-Verkauf, ginn (ler Mess-Ball-Physio! tanzgelb Sonntag, Montag, Donnerstag — Habe mich hier als Gefangenen [Lettres de monsieur moulin]. Leipzig. Deutscher von Th. Bergfeldt. Künstler Lebsteinleg, Künstler Schwertspressen Gebundenes 50, gebunden 75, in Geschenkband 50. Anssönnlich, c Halle g/S. Otto Mendel, Verlag. Bl I. Ranges, Elefantenstraße. Vorläufige Anzeige. Sonntag „Fil S, M Silberne Medaille. Streuselkuchen Täglich frisch empfehlenswert — I) als bekannte Halleische Delikatesse Wie F4 Matzkuchen, Beff. Feiner: - Silberne Medaille - Pflanzenkuchen H. EB. Fdvn, er Gneen e z e en Teleng Günther, Mandelkuchen Rohkuchen J * J — J f. 6 36 Wohlgehen Prästzmaterial für Portland-Zement, diesem an Qualität ziemlich gleichkommend, d. Insbesondere gut zum Lassendenputz, ferner auch zum Ein- und Umdecken von Dächern. Beimste Hahblang, absolute Reinheit und grösste Erhärtungs-Sicherheit bei hohem Sandanstreifen. Peinente Referenzen. Billigste Tagespreise, e V Fernsprech 13. Tanz-Unterricht Kaiser Wilhelmshalle Mein der Kurs beginnt Anfang September. Geflüstert. Anmeldung erbeten Tag d S Neumann. Leibfrieds Leipziger Privatunterricht in jeder Zeile Str 84. a Kür den Anzeigenteil verantwortlich: Ludwig Donges in Halle. Ement-Fabrik (ER Lafontainesstraße 35, II. Sprechstunde 121. Apfelkuchen Napfkuchen LAHR's SANTALOL 0,15, Kaffeeharz 0,1 jede Kapsel, Preis 3 Mk. Echt nur in dreieckigen Packeten. Fürchtet königlich und chamäleontend d. Blasen- und Harnleiden (Altersstufen). Keine Schmerzen, Beschwerden oder Nierenentzündung, sondern bei Sanfall und Sandeölt oft beobachtet wird. Allesfürstiger Fabrikant: III Halle: Hirsek- und Mohrenapotheke. Halle. Druck und Verlag von Otto Dendel. |
00105819-2024_1 | TEDEUTenders | Various open data | 21FEI49887
ABS Angermünde-Stettin, PFA 1 Angermünde-Passow, Bauhauptmaßnahme
PFA 1 Angermünde-Passow, Bauhauptmaßnahme
works
45234100
Brandenburg, Angermünde-Passow
16278
DE40I
DEU
LOT-0001
false
no
required
ORG-0001
ORG-0002
true
true
true
b1ce2726-7437-45fe-93e4-5f79d6eebe35
ABS Angermünde-Stettin, PFA 1 Angermünde-Passow, Bauhauptmaßnahme
PFA 1 Angermünde-Passow, Bauhauptmaßnahme
works
none
45234100
2021-08-20+02:00
2025-09-30+02:00.
|
github_open_source_100_1_522 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import 'express-gateway';
import { AUTH_HEADER } from './../config/index';
const policy: ExpressGateway.Policy = {
name: 'auth-secure',
policy: actionParams => {
return (req, res, next) => {
delete req.headers[AUTH_HEADER];
next();
};
},
schema: {
$id: 'http://express-gateway.io/schemas/policies/auth-secure.json',
type: 'object',
properties: {
test: { type: 'array' }
}
}
};
export default policy;
|
US-202016999292-A_3 | USPTO | Public Domain | Once the first iteration DNS data 34 a′ is published to the DNS 30 via the network path 11 a, the first hold down period 902 a (e.g. as dictated by the TTL parameters of the DNS 30) is then implemented (e.g. a multi-day period influenced by TTL parameters), such that the first iteration DNS data 34 a′ can be recognised during the hold down period 902 a by all of the resolver servers 35 (i.e. the caches in the resolver servers 35 have expired and thus have the opportunity to be repopulated with the first iteration DNS data 34 a′) cooperating with the DNS servers 32 in the DNS 30. It is recognized that the caches of the resolver servers 35 expire and then come to contain the first iteration DNS data 34 a′, either during or after the hold down period 902 a.
While the first hold down period 902 a is being implemented, as a resultant of the second stage 924 b, the DNS publication system 22 generates, tests and then publishes (once testing/validation is confirmed and after the first hold down period 902 a is complete) the second iteration DNS data 34 a″ which contains ZSKa, ZSKb, KSKa, KSKb and the first RRSIG record 26 a using the KSKa to sign the ZSKa, ZSKb, KSKa, KSKb and a second RRSIG record 26 a using the KSKb to sign the ZSKa, ZSKb, KSKa, KSKb.
The second hold down period 902 b is then implemented (e.g. as dictated by the TTL parameters of the DNS 30), such that the second iteration DNS data 34 a″ can be recognised during the hold down period 902 b by all of the resolver servers 35 (i.e. the caches in the resolver servers 35 have expired and thus have the opportunity to be repopulated with the second iteration DNS data 34 a″) cooperating with the DNS servers 32 in the DNS 30. It is recognized that the caches of the resolver servers 35 expire and then come to contain the second iteration DNS data 34 a″, either during or after the hold down period 902 b.
While the second hold down period 902 b is being implemented, as a resultant of third stage 924 c, the DNS publication system 22 generates, tests and then publishes (once testing/validation is confirmed and after the second hold down period 902 b is complete) a third iteration DNS data 34 a″′ which now contains new Delegation Signer records 26 c (containing reference to the next KSKb) and also removes the current Delegation Signer records 26 c (containing reference to the KSKa). It is recognized that the changes to the DS records 26 c can be included in the third iteration DNS data 34 a″′ or can be instead sent to the parent zone for implementation by the operator of the parent zone. In other words, the new DS records 26 c can be optionally included in the third iteration DNS data 34 a″′ or not, depending upon whether the parent zone is operated by the DNS publication service 22 or not.
It is recognized that the DS records are replaced in the parent zone (i.e. the zone above the current zone), which may (or may not) be performed by the DNS publication system 22 itself. In other words, the DNS publication system 22 could use the signing module(s) 205 to generate the new DS records (containing the next KSKb), however the DNS publication system 22 would then send the new DS records to a third party for them to implement the switch between the DS records (containing KSKa) and the update DS records (containing KSKb). It is also recognized that for subzones (e.g. children zones of the parent zone), the DNS publication system 22 could implement the DS record switch, as desired.
The third hold down period 902 c is then implemented (e.g. as dictated by the TTL parameters of the DNS 30), such that the third iteration DNS data 34 a″′ can be recognised during the hold down period 902 c by all of the resolver servers 35 (i.e. the caches in the resolver servers 35 have expired and thus have the opportunity to be repopulated with the third iteration DNS data 34 a″′) cooperating with the DNS servers 32 in the DNS 30. It is recognized that the caches of the resolver servers 35 expire and then come to contain the third iteration DNS data 34 a″′, either during or after the hold down period 902 c.
While the third hold down period 902 c is being implemented, as a resultant of fourth stage 924 d, the DNS publication system 22 generates, tests and then publishes (once testing/validation is confirmed and after the third hold down period 902 c is complete) a fourth iteration DNS data 34 a″″ which now removes all presence of the current ZSKa, KSKa from the second key group SK2 and then uses KSKb to sign the second key group SK2 (now only containing ZSKb, KSKb). However, the fourth iteration DNS data 34 a″′ does contain the use of KSKb to sign the DNS KEY RRset and the use of both ZSKa and ZSKb to sign the DNS record types 26 c (e.g. MX records) of the zone.
The fourth hold down period 902 d is then implemented, (e.g. as dictated by the TTL parameters of the DNS 30), such that the fourth iteration DNS data 34 a″″ can be recognised during the hold down period 902 d by all of the resolver servers 35 (i.e. the caches in the resolver servers 35 have expired and thus have the opportunity to be repopulated with the fourth iteration DNS data 34 a″″) cooperating with the DNS servers 32 in the DNS 30. It is recognized that the caches of the resolver servers 35 expire and then come to contain the fourth iteration DNS data 34 a″″, either during or after the hold down period 902 d.
While the fourth hold down period 902 d is being implemented, as a resultant of fifth stage 924 e, the DNS publication system 22 generates, tests and then publishes (once testing/validation is confirmed and after the fourth hold down period 902 d is complete) a fifth iteration DNS data 34 a″″′, which now only contains the use of ZSKb to sign the DNS record types 26 c (e.g. MX records) of the zone, hence the fifth iteration DNS data 34 a″″′ does not contain any signatures using ZSKa. In this case, the fifth iteration DNS data 34 a″″′ can be referred to as the update DNS data 34 b. In this case, the fifth iteration DNS data 34 a″″′ is the final version of the DNS data 34 a, thus referred to ultimately as the update DNS data 34 b. The contents of the fifth iteration DNS data 34 a″″′ would have signed record types 26 c using the SK2, i.e. using the ZSKb key, such as mail record types MX, etc. The fifth iteration DNS data 34 a″″′ does contain the use of KSKb to sign the DNS KEY RRset and the use of both only ZSKb to sign the DNS record types 26 c (e.g. MX records) of the zone. Once the update DNS data 34 b is published to the DNS 30, the testing/validation is considered completed for the next version DNS data 34 a and the algorithmic rollover process (changing from algorithm A to algorithm B, i.e. from ZSKa, KSKa to ZSKb, ZKZb) is complete.
It is also recognized that after publication of the fifth iteration DNS data 34 a″″′ in stage 924 e, the system could start the repeat 926 the first stage 924 a, however now utilizing the next algorithm C, as desired. In this manner, a regular set of stages 924 a, 924 b, 924 c, 924 d, 924 e, 924 a, 924 b, 924 c, 924 d, 924 e, etc. could be implemented by the DNS publication system 22, each separated by a respective hold down period 902 a,b, c, d, as the cryptographic algorithms A, B, C are rolled over repeatedly. It is recognized that step 926 could contain a hold down period 902 as well, depending upon the amount of time between stage 924 e and the repeat of stage 924 a.
It is recognized that the DNSSEC records 106, 106 a can be provisioned 107 for the respective domain name(s) 14 as part of the setup of the domain name(s) 14, in order to specify whether the domain name(s) 14 are to be first “signed” or second “signed” (e.g. for specified record type(s) 26 c) as it pertains to the DNS data 34, 34 a generated by the DNS publication service 22. For example, the DNSSEC records 106, 106 a of the generating instructions 105, 105 a could define particular record fields, permitted values, etc. used to contain generated signatures obtained from the signature module 204 b, 205 b (see FIG. 3) by the record generation module 204 a, 205 a (which would then use the definitions of the DNSSEC records 106, 106 a to generate instances thereof with the obtained signature data from the signature module 204 b, 205 b).
The provisioning 107 can include definitions of respective signing key records for the zone apex of the domain name 14 (e.g. the domain as compared to the subdomains). The provisioning 107 can be considered as generating metadata (e.g. configuration parameters for a set of DNSSEC signing keys SK1, SK2 as well as designating which of the record types 26 c are to be signed or unsigned) for the zone with respect to how the DNS data 34, 34 a should be generated for the domains and subdomains of the domain name 14. For example, the generation instructions can include one or more signing identifiers 110, 110 a (e.g. the presence or absence of RRSIG record(s) 26 a incorporated as part of the DNSSEC records 106, 106 a to be included in the DNS data 34, 34 a upon generation thereof).
For example, one embodiment of the signing identifier(s) 110, 100 a in the generation instructions 105, 105 a could be presence of the RR set 26 d (for a particular record type 26 c), i.e. to include the RRSIG record 26 a, recognizing that presence of the RRSIG record 26 a would signify and necessitate that the particular record type 26 c is to be signed upon generation of the DNS data 34 a for that particular record type 26 c by the signing system 204. It is recognized that for a signed zone, e.g. the entire zone, all of the resource records 26 (e.g. all of the record types 26 c) would be designated as signed (e.g. definition of key sets would be present in the generation instructions 105, 105 a). As an example of record types 26 c for signing or not, for a signed zone (i.e. the provisioning 107 includes definition of a resource record key set): an A record type 26 c is designated in the generation instructions 105, 105 a as signed for use by respective authoritative servers 32 of the DNS 30; the Delegation Signer (DS) record type 26 c is designated in the generation instructions 105, 105 a as always signed; and Name Server (NS) record type 26 c is designated in the generation instructions 105, 105 a as unsigned.
Another embodiment of the signing identifier 110, 110 a is an indication of record (type 26 c) signed or record (type 26 c) signed/unsigned for each pertinent domain/subdomain for a particular zone (for the associated domain name 14). As such, one or more of the components 200, 202, 204 would have access to the signing identifier(s) 110, 110 a (e.g. in the generating instructions 105, 105 a) in order to guide the generation of the DNS data 34, 34 a for selected registry data 23 (as obtained from the registry database 18), in tandem with the publication identifier 39, 39 a dictating which path (e.g. 11 a, 11 b) and thus defining which version (e.g. live or test) the respective DNS data 34, 34 a represents. For a considered signed domain name 14, it is recognized that the individual RR sets 26 d (of the RR transfer set 34, 34 a—see FIG. 2) can contain signed records, as dictated by the generation instructions 105, 105 a and associated DNSSEC records 106 (or not) and the signing identifier(s) 110, 110 a. For a considered signed domain name 14, it is recognized that the individual RR sets 26 d (of the RR transfer set 34, 34 a—see FIG. 2) can contain both signed records and unsigned records, as dictated by the generation instructions 105, 105 a and associated DNSSEC records 106, 106 a (or not) and the signing identifier(s) 110, 110 a defining which signing key(s) SK1, SK2 to use.
Publication Switching of DNS Data 34, 34 a
As such, it is recognized that the current version DNS data 34 can be considered the first signed domain and the next version DNS data 34 a can be considered the second signed domain for the set of registry data 23. As such, in order to change particular live domain name(s) 14 (e.g. as implemented in the DNS 30) from first signed to second signed or from second signed to first signed, the provisioning 107 (defining of the generation instructions 105, 105 a and related DNSSEC records 106, 106 a and signing identifier(s) 110, 110 a) would be amended (e.g. by an administrator of the DNS publication service 22 upon request of the registrant 12 and/or registrar 16) to reflect such the change (e.g. between first signed and second signed), in order for the DNS publication service 22 to subsequently generate (post change in the provisioning 107) the appropriate DNS data 34, 34 a that is published to the DNS 30, as provided for by the various stages 904 a,b and 914 a,b, c. For example, part of the provisioning 107 step for the particular domain name(s) 14 would be the administrator defining/configuring the generation instructions 105, 105 a (and applicable DNSSEC records 106, 106 a and identifier(s) 110, 110 a) for each of the relevant record types 26 c of the relevant domain name(s) 14 prior to subsequent generation of the DNS data 34, 34 a by the DNS publication service 22.
For example, the provisioning 107 by the administrator could designate/assign the set of generation instructions 105 a to the generation of the next version DNS data 34 a and designate/assign the set of generation instructions 105 to the generation of the current version DNS data 34. It is also recognized that as part of the generation instructions 105, 105 a, the publication identifiers 39, 39 a and signing identifiers 110, 110 a could also be provisioned 107 by the system administrator.
For example, if the DNS data 34 was intended for publication (i.e. transmitted on the path 11 a to the DNS 30), the publication identifier 39 would be designated as “publish”, thus instructing the publication module 202 a to send the DNS data 34 directly to the DNS 30 once generated. Similarly, the DNS data 34 a would be intended for testing (i.e. transmitted on the path 11 b to the publication storage 19), the publication identifier 39 a would be designated as “not/inhibit publish”, thus instructing the publication module 202 a to send the deemed next version DNS data 34 a directly to the publication storage once generated. In a further embodiment, for example, if the DNS data 34 a was intended for publication (i.e. transmitted on the path 11 a to the DNS 30), the publication identifier 39 a would be designated as “publish”, thus instructing the publication module 202 a to send the DNS data 34 a directly to the DNS 30 once generated. Similarly, the DNS data 34 would be intended for testing (i.e. transmitted on the path 11 b to the publication storage 19), the publication identifier 39 would be designated as “not/inhibit publish”, thus instructing the publication module 202 a to send the deemed next version DNS data 34 directly to the publication storage once generated.
One example of the publication identifiers 39, 39 a (e.g. a publication mechanism) would be an enabled pointer to the publication module 202 a (or a lack of a pointer or otherwise a disabled pointer) in the generation instructions 105, 105 a. For example, if the pointer (e.g. publication identifier 39) for the DNS data 34 was enabled, then once the generation of the DNS data 34 is completed the pointer 39 would direct the record generation module 204 a, 205 a (see FIG. 3) to send the generated DNS data 34 to the publication module 202 a. In this example, the pointer 39 is consulted by the record generation module 204 a. The role of the publication module 202 a (as configured by the provisioning 107, for example) would be to publish to the DNS 30 any DNS data 34 received by the publication module 202 a, with predefined knowledge (e.g. stored publication/transmission instructions) of which network 11 address(es) (of one or more of the DNS servers 32) for the respective domain name 14 the DNS data 34 should be sent/transmitted to (on the network path 11 a). As such, once the publication module 202 a receives the generated DNS data 34 (for a specified domain name 14), the role of the publication module 202 a is to consult the defined network 11 address(es) (of the DNS server(s)) and thus send the generated DNS data 34 to the DNS 30 in the network path 11 a that bypasses the registry database 18. In this example, the generated live version DNS data 34 is associated with the pointer 39 (e.g. “enable publication” identifier 39) to the DNS 30 (i.e. effectively designating the DNS data 34 as the live version). On the contrary, the generated next version DNS data 34 a would not have a defined pointer to the DNS 30, thus inhibiting any publication of the next version DNS data 34 a to the DNS 30. Instead, the next version DNS data 34 a would have an “inhibit publication” pointer 39 a (e.g. A further example of the publication identifiers 39, 39 a (e.g. a publication mechanism) would be an enabled pointer to the DNS 30 (or a lack of a pointer or otherwise a disabled pointer) in the generation instructions 105, 105 a. For example, if the pointer (e.g. enable publication identifier 39) for the DNS data 34 was enabled, then once the generation of the DNS data 34 is completed and received by the publication module 202 a, the pointer 39 would direct the publication module 202 a (see FIG. 3) to send the generated DNS data 34 to the DNS 30. In this example, the pointer 39 is consulted by the publication module 202 a. The role of the publication module 202 a (as configured by the provisioning 107, for example) would be to publish to the DNS 30 any DNS data 34 received by the publication module 202 a, in the event the respective pointer 39 dictates such direction, with predefined knowledge (e.g. stored publication/transmission instructions) of which network 11 address(es) (of one or more of the DNS servers 32) for the respective domain name 14 the DNS data 34 should be sent/transmitted to (on the network path 11 a). As such, once the publication module 202 a receives the generated DNS data 34 (for a specified domain name 14), the role of the publication module 202 a is to consult pointer 39 and the defined network 11 address(es) (of the DNS server(s)) and thus send the generated live version DNS data 34 to the DNS 30 in the network path 11 a that bypasses the registry database 18. In this example, the generated live version DNS data 34 is associated with the pointer 39 (e.g. “enable publication” identifier 39) to the DNS 30 (i.e. effectively designating the DNS data 34 as the live version). On the contrary, the generated next version DNS data 34 a would not have a defined pointer to the DNS 30, thus inhibiting any publication of the next version DNS data 34 a to the DNS 30. Instead, the next version DNS data 34 a would have an “inhibit publication” pointer 39 a (e.g. A further example of the publication identifiers 39, 39 a (e.g. a publication mechanism) could be a specific publication flag associated with a particular set of DNS data 34, 34 a, e.g. as defined in the generation instructions 105, 105 a, such that consultation of the publication identifiers 39, 39 a (e.g. having either an enable publication identifier or inhibit publication value) by the publication module 202 a and/or the record generation module 204 a, 205 a would provide instructions as to which location (either the DNS 30 via path 11 a or the publication storage 19 via path 11 b) the generated DNS data 34, 34 a should be sent/transmitted. In any event, it is recognized that one or more modules of the component 202 (e.g. including the component 200) and/or of the component 204 would consult the publication identifiers 39, 39 a (e.g. as publication pointers and/or as publication flags). It is also recognized that the publication identifiers 39, 39 a can use the described publication mechanism embodiments, or other publication mechanism embodiments as desired. Further, it is recognized that the publication identifiers 39, 39 a can both be the same publication mechanism (e.g. both publication flags) or different publication mechanisms (e.g. one as a publication flag and the pother as the publication pointer).
In terms of changing from a second signed domain to a first signed domain, once testing/validation of the next version DNS data 34 a is complete, the administrator could: (1) instruct the DNS publication system 22 (e.g. distribution system 202) to stop publication of the live version DNS data 34 to the DNS 30 (e.g. disable the publication module 202 a for example by disabling/deleting the publication identifier 39 and/or any information concerning the network address(es) of the DNS 30); (2) then provision 107 the domain by essentially switching the generation instructions 105, 105 a (e.g. pointing from the instructions 105 to the instructions 105 a for the live version DNS data by designating the publication identifier 39 as “not/inhibit publish” and the publication identifier 39 a as “publish) and any other DNS related instructions/records (106 to 106 a)/identifiers (110 to 110 a) to include respective generated keys with respect to the apex of the domain; and (3) would then instruct the DNS publication system 22 (e.g. the publication module 202 a) to resume publication but now designating the now considered live version DNS data 34 a (i.e. replacing the previously live DNS data 34 with the new live version DNS data 34 a). Accordingly, then the distribution system 202 would involve the signing system 204 for subsequently generated DNS data 34 a, for example as per any of the below-described embodiments A, B, C, D for implementing signing of the zone.
As such, as described, switching of sending the DNS data 34 a to the DNS 30, as compared to the DNS data 34, can be performed by modification of the publication identifier 39, 39 a. Alternatively, the generation instructions 105, 105 a could be switched between the DNS data 34, 34 a, thus once testing is complete and the publication module 202 a is disabled (thus restricting any publication of any DNS data 34 to the DNS 30 while the switch is being provisioned) the generation instructions 105 (and associated records 106 and signing identifier(s) 110) would be used (e.g. directed) to generate the live DNS data 34 a (sent to the DNS 30) and optionally the generation instructions 105 a (and associated records 106 a and signing identifier(s) 110 a) could be used to generate, if needed, as the next DNS data 34 a (sent to the publication storage 19). In this manner, the DNS records 26 used by the DNS 30 would be switched from the previously generated (prior to switching) the DNS data 34 a to the DNS data 34.
It is considered that designation of the specific generating instructions 105, 105 a (to be used) to generate a selected version of the DNS data 34, 34 a could also be considered as a configuration embodiment of the publication identifiers 39, 39 a. For example, in deciding to switch from the DNS data 34 (sent to the DNS 30) to the DNS data 34 a (sent to the DNS 30), the administrator could simply switch the generation instructions 105 to the generation instructions 105 a (incorporating the DNSSEC records 106 to 106 a and the signing identifiers 110 to 110 a). Thus, any newly generated DNS data would be performed by the component(s) 202, 204 using the generation instructions 105 a, in effect changing the current version DNS data 34 to the new next version DNS data 34 a.
In terms of changing from a first signed domain to an second signed domain, once testing/validation of the next version DNS data 34 is complete, the administrator could: (1) instruct the DNS publication system 22 (e.g. distribution system 202) to stop publication of the live version DNS data 34 a to the DNS 30 (e.g. disable the publication module 202 a); (2) then provision 107 the domain by optionally switching the generation instructions 105, 105 a (e.g. pointing from the instructions 105 a to the instructions 105 for the live version DNS data, and/or designating the publication identifier 39 a as “not/inhibit publish” and the publication identifier 39 as “publish) and optionally any other DNS related instructions/records (106 a to 106)/identifiers (110 a to 110) to include respective generated keys with respect to the apex of the domain; and (3) would then instruct the DNS publication system 22 (i.e. the publication module 202 a) to resume publication but now designating the live version DNS data 34 (i.e. replacing the DNS data 34 a with the DNS data 34). Accordingly, then the distribution system 202 would involve the signing system 204 for subsequently generated DNS data 34, for example as per any of the below-described embodiments A, B, C, D for implementing signing of the zone.
Referring to FIG. 7, shown is a diagrammatic method 400 of publication of the DNS records 26 to the DNS 30 (e.g. previously sent DNS data 34 is updated 404 to the now ready update version DNS data 34 b). In this manner, via the publication system 22: one can operate 402 the domain name 14 using a version DNS data 34 by previously sending 401 to the DNS 30; as well as concurrently generate 403 a and send 405 to publication storage and next/validate 406 the next version DNS data 34 a. Alternatively, the next DNS data can be sent 403 directly to the DNS 30, thereby bypassing the testing/validation facilities 21.
If sent for testing/validation, the next DNS data 34 a would either pass 406 a or fail 406 b the testing/validation. If passed, the next DNS data 34 a would become the resultant update DNS data 34 b and would be sent 404 to the DNS 30. Subsequent next version DNS data 34 a would be generated at step 403, 403 a.
Alternatively, if failed, the publication system 22 would be employed at step 407 to mitigate or otherwise deal with the failure. For example, at step 407 the failed next DNS data 34 a would simply be stored in the failed testing storage 19 a or otherwise deleted. Alternatively, the system 22 could request 408 b new/replacement data 23 from the registry database 18 and then start again at step 403 a with an effort to result in a successful testing/validation at step 406 a. Alternatively, the system 408 b could request 408 b that the signing system 204 resign the original DNS data 34 a in an attempt to correct the failed testing/validation by continuing at step 403 a (with efforts to result in a successful testing/validation at step 406 a). Alternatively, in the event it is deemed a systemic failure of the publication system 22, then at step 407 it could be decided that the publication system 22 be halted 408 a and the system 22 investigated for any systemic/fundamental defects. Once corrected, regular operation of the publication system 22 could reestablished at step 409 and the next DNS data 34 generated at step 403 a, for example.
Other DNSSEC records 106, 106 a stored in the DNSSEC storage 19 a can include records such as but not limited to: DNS Public Key (DNSKEY); and Delegation Signer (DS). In any event, it is recognized that the DNSSEC records 106, 106 a are not stored in the registry storage 18 along with the other registry data 23 pertaining to the domain name(s) 14, rather the DNSSEC records 106, 106 a are stored in the DNSSEC storage 19 a as made available to the DNS publication service 22. It is further recognized that the generated DNS data 34, 34 a including (or not) any DNSSEC related data (e.g. values of the RRSIG record 26 a, etc.), is also not stored in the registry database 18 subsequent to generation of the DNS data 34, 34 a. Rather, the/update version DNS data 34, 34 b once generated (and subjected to testing/validation if selected via the configured publication identifier 39, 39 a to not by pass the publication storage 19) by the DNS publication service 22, is transmitted directly to the DNS servers 32 of the DNS 30 in a network path 11 a (see FIG. 1) that bypasses the registry database 18.
Generation of Current Version DNS Data 34 for Transmission to the DNS 30
Referring again to FIGS. 3, 8 there are considered a number of different operational embodiments of the DNS publication service 22. It is recognized that each of the operational embodiments for each respective component 200, 202, 204 could also be compatible with the other operational embodiments for each of the other respective components 200, 202, 204. It is envisioned that the particular DNS data 34, 34 a (e.g. provisioned as signed or unsigned for the DNS 30) can be generated and published (e.g. to the DNS 30) as described. In this regard, the particular DNs data 34, 34 a is being generated as the current version DNS data 34, 34 a and published (i.e. to the DNS 30) as such. It is recognized that the next version DNS data 34 a and the current version DNS data 34 are being generated concurrent by the DNS publication system 22, such that the current version DNS data 34 is sent to the DNS 30 and the next version DNS data 34 a is sent to the publication storage 19.
Concerning the obtaining/receipt of the registry data 23 via the record selection module 200. In one embodiment A for the component 200, the registry data 23 (pertaining to the record types 26 c of the DNS data 34) could be pushed to the record selection module 200 by the registry operator 20 (as collected from the registry database 18), upon the registry operator 20 processing a registry transaction 115 (e.g. for example an update/change/create/delete EPP operation as triggered by the registrar 16 and/or the registrant 12 for one or more domain name(s) 14) affecting one or more of the registry data 23 stored in the registry database 18 that could also affect operation of the DNS 30 for the one or more domain name(s) 14. This registry transaction 115 could be associated with new domain name(s) 14 or for existing domain name(s) 14.
In a further embodiment B for the component 200, the registry data 23 (pertaining to the record types 26 c of the DNS data 34) could be pulled by the record selection module 200 from the registry operator 20 (as collected from the registry database 18), upon monitoring and detecting by the record selection module 200 that the registry operator 20 processed a registry transaction 115 (e.g. for example an update/change/create/delete EPP operation as triggered by the registrar 16 and/or the registrant 12 for one or more domain name(s) 14) affecting one or more of the registry data 23 stored in the registry database 18 that could also affect operation of the DNS 30 for the one or more domain name(s) 14. This registry transaction 115 could be associated with new domain name(s) 14 or existing domain name(s) 14. It is recognized that any/all of the functionality of the record selection module 200 and the distribution system 202 can be combined in one system/module as desired, or can be separated as described by example only.
Concerning generation of DNS data 34 as first signed by the distribution system 202 (i.e. component 202), utilizing the registry data 23 as provided by the record selection module 200 (i.e. those registry data 23 obtained/received from the registry database 18). In an embodiment A for the component 202, the distribution system 202 would (1) receive the registry data 23, (2) would optionally consult the generation instructions 105 (and/or associated signing identifier(s) 110) in order to identify that the resource records 26 pertaining to the registry data 23 are to remain first signed (e.g. the signing identifier(s) 110 indicate that the record type(s) 26 c are to be first signed), (3) would send the registry data 23 to the signing system 204 in order for the signing system 204 to generate the DNS data 34 using the generation instructions 105, (4) would receive the DNS data 34 from the signing system 204, and (5) would send the DNS data 34 in a transmission path 11 a to the DNS 30 that bypasses the registry database 18. In this embodiment A for the component 202, the signing system 204 is used to generate the DNS data 34. One advantage to this embodiment A for component 202 is that signing system 204 computing resources (e.g. for publishing the DNS data 34) are not utilized needlessly.
In a further embodiment B for the component 202, the distribution system 202 would (1) receive the registry data 23, (2) would optionally consult the generation instructions 105 (and/or associated signing identifier(s) 110) in order to identify that the resource records 26 pertaining to the registry data 23 are to be first signed (e.g. the signing identifier(s) 110 indicate that the record type(s) 26 c are to be first signed), (3) would send the registry data 23 to the signing system 204 in order for the signing system 204 to generate the DNS data 34 using the generation instructions 105, and (4) the signing system 204 would send the DNS data 34 in transmission paths 22 b, 11 a to the DNS 30 that bypass the registry database 18 and the distribution system 202. In this embodiment B for the component 202, the signing system 204 is used to generate the DNS data 34 as well as to publish the generated DNS data 34. One advantage to this embodiment B for component 202 is that the distribution system 202 computing resources (e.g. for publishing the DNS data 34) are not utilized needlessly.
Concerning generation of DNS data 34 as unsigned and/or signed by the signing system 204 (i.e. component 204), utilizing the registry data 23 as provided by the record selection module 200 and/or the distribution system 202 (i.e. those registry data 23 obtained/received from the registry database 18). In one embodiment A for the component 204, the signing system 204 would (1) receive the registry data 23 from the component 200, 202, (2) would consult the generation instructions 105 (and associated signing identifier(s) 110) in order to identify which of the corresponding resource records 26 are to be signed (e.g. the signing identifier(s) 110 indicate that the record type(s) 26 c are to be signed using SK1—as well as if relevant where any of the record type(s) 26 c are to remain unsigned), (3) would generate the DNS data 34 using the generation instructions 105, and (4) would send the DNS data 34 in transmission paths 11 a, 22 b to the DNS 30 that bypass the distribution system 202 as well as the registry database 18. One advantage to this embodiment A for component 204 is that the distribution system 202 computing resources (e.g. publishing resource records 26) are not utilized needlessly.
In a further embodiment B for the component 204, the signing system 204 would (1) receive the registry data 23, (2) would consult the generation instructions 105 (and/or associated signing identifier(s) 110) in order to identify which of the resource records 26 are to remain unsigned and those to be signed—e.g. the signing identifier(s) 110 indicate that the record type(s) 26 c are to be signed using SK1), (3) would generate the DNS data 34 using the generation instructions 105, and (4) would send the DNS data 34 to the distribution system 202, which would send the DNS data 34 in the transmission paths 22 a, 11 a to the DNS 30 that bypass the registry database 18. In this embodiment B for the component 204, the signing system 204 is used to generate the DNS data 34, while the distribution system 202 is used to publish the generated DNS data 34 to the DNS 30.
In a further embodiment C for the component 204, (1) the record selection module 200 would receive the registry data 23, (2) the record selection module 200 would consult the generation instructions 105 (and/or associated signing identifier(s) 110) in order to identify which of the resource records 26 are to remain unsigned and those that are to be signed—e.g. the signing identifier(s) 110 indicate that the record type(s) 26 c are to be signed using SK1), (3) the record selection module 200 would send the registry data 23 and identify those resource records 26 (e.g. a first record portion) as unsigned to the distribution system 202 in order for the distribution system 202 to generate the unsigned portion of the DNS data 34 using the generation instructions 105 and the registry data 23, (4) the record selection module 200 would identify those resource records 26 as signed (e.g. a second record portion) to the signing system 204 in order for the signing system 204 to generate the signed portion of the DNS data 34 using the generation instructions 105 and the registry data 23, and (5) one or more of the components 200, 202, 204 would send both the signed and unsigned portions of the DNS data 34 in the transmission path 11 a to the DNS 30 that bypasses the registry database 18. In this embodiment C for the component 204, one advantage is that the signing system 204 computing resources (e.g. for signing the DNS data 34) are not utilized needlessly for resource records 26 that are to remain unsigned.
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bpt6k6138892r_18 | French-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | lie i62 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 M. Boulard, Rapporteur. Assistance obligatoire aux vieillards, aux infirmes et aux incurables privés de ressources. Domicile de secours départemental. M. Martin, Firmin, de Spoy. Remboursement d'avances à la Commune de Spoy. Par décision du 7 février 1909, le Conseil municipal de Spoy a admis à l'assistance aux vieillards, à partir du 1er mars suivant, M. -Martin, Firmin, Nicolas, né à Spoy, le 25 novembre 1819. • Comme il résulte de l'enquête à laquelle il a été procédé, que le sus-nommé a perdu le domicile de secours à Spoy, où il n'a pas résidé, sans interruption, pendant les cinq années qui ont précédé le 1er janvier 1907, mais qu'il a acquis et conservé le domicile de secours dans l'Aube, le nommé Martin a été maintenu au bénéfice de la loi du 14 juillet 1905 par décision de la Commission départementale du 23 décembre 1911. Les secours à domicile, payés pendant l'année qui a précédé le 1er décembre 1911, date de l'admission du nommé Martin à l'assistance au compte du Département, se sont élevés à 60 franes, et, sur cette'dépense, la commune de Spoy a payé son contingent à raison de 20 %, soit 12 francs. . En exécution de l'article 4 de la loi du 14 juillet 1905 qui dispose que : « La Commune, le Département ou l'État, qui a secouru par un « des modes prévus au titre III de la présente loi, un vieillard, « un infirme on un incurable, dont l'assistance ne lui incombait « pas en vertu des dispositions qui précèdent, a droit au rembour« sèment de ses avances, jusqu'à concurrence d'une année de « secours. » Votre Commission des Finances vous prie de vouloir bien autosiser M. le Préfet à rembourser cette somme de 12 francs à la commune de Spoy et décider l'inscription d'un crédit de pareille somme au budget supplémentaire du présent exercice. Adopté. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 163 M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Parmentier, au nom de la même Commission. M. Parmentier, Rapporteur. Personnel des Bureaux de la Préfecture. Demande d'indemnités-de résidence. Dans votre séance du 17 novembre 1911, vous avez admis l'attribution d'une indemnité de résidence en faveur du Personnel des Bureaux de la Préfecture et vous, avez voté, à cet effet, 2.300 fr. sur le budget de 1911, pour le paiement du deuxième semestre de cette même année. Mais, par un amendement déposé par M. de Launay à cette même séance et adopté par l'Assemblée départementale, le vote du crédit pour 1912 a été ajourné à la présente session d'avril. La loi intéressant le Personnel des Préfectures n'étant pas encore votée, votre Commission des Finances est d'avis qu'il y a lieu de confirmer, pour 1912, la généreuse décision que vous avez bien voulu prendre pour le deuxième semestre de 1911. L'exécution de cette mesure comporte, pour 1912, le vote d'un crédit prévisionnel de 5.000 francs que votre Commission des Finances vous propose d'inscrire au budget supplémentaire du présent exercice. Votre Commission des Finances est également d'avis que cette indemnité de résidence soit accordée au Secrétaire greffier du Conseil de Préfecture et que le montant de cette dépense, pour 1912, soit prélevé sur le crédit de 5.000 francs. M. de Launay. — Le crédit demandé semble être supérieur à celui inscrit pour 1911. Une somme de 2.300 francs avait été votée pour le deuxième semestre de 1911, et l'on nous demande, pour l'année 1912, un crédit do 5.000 francs, supérieur de 400 francs. M. le Préfet. — L'allocation de l'indemnité intéresse deux employés de plus, celui qui est chargé du contrôle sur pièces des dépenses de l'Assistance médicale 164 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 gratuite et le Secrétaire-greffier du Conseil de Préfecture. M. Mony. — Je croyais que l'indemnité de résidence ne visait que les employés habitant la ville de Troyes ; or le Secrétaire-greffier habite Pont-Sainte-Marie. M. Bordes— Ce. sera une indemnité de voyage ou de bicyclette. M. Mony. — Je demande que le rapport propose une autre rubrique et que l'indemnité soit accordée à cet employé à titre d'allocation spéciale. M., de Launay. — Je demanderai au Conseil général de renouveler la même réserve que celle formulée pour les employés des Sous-Préfectures. M. le Président. •— Je mets aux voix, les conclusions du rapport, étant entendu que M. Parmentier y fera mention des observations présentées par MM. Mony et de Launay. Adopté. M. Parmentier, Rapporteur. Actif disponible des biens de l'ancien Diocèse de Troyes. Sur l'ensemble de ces biens, se montant à 31.190 francs, le Conseil général a déjà statué sur l'emploid'une somme de 27.000 francs, il reste donc une disponibilité annuelle de 4.190 francs. Votre Commission des Finances est d'avis que celte somme soit attribuée au Service gratuit de layettes, d'une valeur de 15 francs, à distribuer aux femmes accouchées à l'Hospice ou chez elles, au compte de l'Assistance médicale gratuite du Département. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 165 Cette nouvelle affectation sera inscrite en recettes et en dépenses au budget supplémentaire du présent exercice. Adopté. M. Parmentier, Rapporteur. Affectation des immeubles sis à Troyes rue Girardon et rue des Bas-Trévois, ainsi que de celui dit de Sainte-Scholastique, sis à Rosières. Pour ces deux premiers immeubles, votre Commission des Finances est d'avis qu'il y a lieu de désigner une Commission spéciale qui serait chargée de les visiter et qui, par un avis motivé, ferait connaître à l'Assemblée départementale, à la session prochaine, celles des oeuvres d'assistance ou de bienfaisance, à son choix, qui.pourraient trouver là des installations ou annexes utilisables. Quant à la propriété de Sainte-Scholastique, sise à Rosières, et non productive de revenus, votre Commission des Finances est d'avis qu'il y a lieu de l'affecter provisoirement aux OEuvres Postscolaires, Patronages, Sociétés civiles d'instruction militaire, toutes laïques, pour leur servir de but de promenade ou de récréation champêtre. Votre Commission des Finances croit devoir ajouter que cet immeuble pourrait recevoir sa véritable affectation, le jour où les Hospices de Troyes seraient transportés au Faubourg Croncels, suivant le projet en cours, et que ce serait, pour ces Hospices nouveaux, situés à proximité, une véritable dépendance. M. de Launay. — Je ne fais pas d'observations pour l'affectation à donner aux immeubles ; mais je me demande ce que vont devenir les sommes disponibles des biens diocésains. Pour la propriété de Sainte-Scholastique, la Commission demande 886 fr. 30 pour frais d'entretien et de gardiennage. 166 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 Il aurait semblé plus rationnel de prélever cette dépense sur les sommes dont on vient de parler. C'est un procédé assB'z bizarre d'employer les revenus en allocations diverses et de réclamer l'ouverture d'un crédit pour les dépenses d'entretien. La logique demandé que les revenus d'un immeuble servent à en acquitter les charges. M. le Rapporteur. — Je regrette que ces observations n'aient pas été présentées en séance de la Commission. D'autre part, j'ai dit que je m'opposerais au chiffre de 600 francs prévu pour le gardiennage, pour lequel 200 francs doivent suffire ; mais nous n'avons encore rien décidé à ce sujet. En tous cas, l'observation de M. de Launay, bien que logique, ne changerait rien aux chiffres proposés ; que les dépenses fassent l'objet d'un crédit spécial ou bien qu'elles soient soldées avec les revenus propres des biens diocésains, il faudra toujours les payer. M. de Launay. — Au point de vue des .règles de la comptabilité ce n'est pas la même chose et l'opération que je propose serait plus régulière. Il vaut mieux affecter à ces dépenses les revenus dont il s'agit, et réserver pour les autres dépenses les ressources provenant de l'impôt demandé aux contribuables. Quant au traitement du gardien, avant de parler de sa réduction, il serait désirable que, s'il y a contrat, le Conseil général en eût connaissance, il peut y avoir pour le Département obligation de'maintenir le chiffre prévu. M. le Préfet. — L'observation est exacte; c'est une' constatation à faire qui a son intérêt. Toutefois, il semble que le traité, s'il existe, tomberait de lui-même, car l'Administration du séquestre n'a pu s'engager que pour la durée de son mandat. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 167 M. le Président. — Quand j'ai visité l'immeuble avec mon Collègue, M. Parmentier, le concierge nous a demandé dans quelles conditions le Conseil général consentirait à le laisser dans cet établissement. Sa question paraît bien indiquer que sa situation n'était que précaire et que le Département est libre désormais de prendre la décision qu'il jugera convenable. M. Bonnet. — Il faut ménager les intérêts du Département et réduire les frais de gardiennage. Quant aux réparations à faire, il faudrait, avant de faire des libéralités, payer les travaux qu'elles occasionnent avec les revenus et non avec les deniers des contribuables. M. le Rapporteur. — Cette propriété constitue un don onéreux, puisqu'il ne nous est permis ni de la vendre ni de la louer. M. le Préfet. — A la page 94 de mon rapport, se trouvent des renseignements détaillés qui pourront intéresser M. Bonnet ; ils ont été fournis par le Séquestre. 1° — Entretien des constructions, clôtures et voies d'accès.. 100 » 2° — Frais de gardiennage 600 » 3°' — Assurances 15 05 4° — Impôts 171 25 TOTAL 886 30 M. Bonnet. — Je remercie M. le Préfet de ces éclaircissements ; je ne demande qu'à être renseigné avant de prendre une décision. M. de Launay. — Je maintiens ma réserve. A la Commission des Finances, le rapport a été lu trop vite 168 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 pour donner lieu à discussion et je n'ai pu parler que de la question du gardiennage. M. le Président. — Les conclusions de la Commission comportent deux parties : 1° — Emploi des revenus. M. le Préfet demande la répartition complémentaire de la rente disponible de 4.190 francs entre les oeuvres d'assistance et de bienfaisance qui ont déjà bénéficié d'une première répartition. D'autre part, M. de Launay demande que sur les revenus disponibles des immeubles des rues Girardon et Charles-Dutreix soient prélevés les frais d'entretien des immeubles attribués au Département. M. Moslard. — Il en résulterait que les oeuvres d'assistance et de bienfaisance seraient privées du bénéfice de ces revenus. M. Mony. —. Si les frais de gardiennage étaient réduits, la disponibilité deviendrait plus importante. M. le Président. — Je mets aux voix la première partie des conclusions du rapport modifiées dans le sens des observations présentées par M. de Launay. Adopté. 2° — Nomination d'une Commission chargée de visiter les trois immeubles. Adopté. 3° — Utilisation provisoire de Sainte-Scholastique par les OEuvres Post-scolaires, pendant l'intersession, c'est-à-dire d'avril à août prochain. Adopté. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 169 M. le Président. — Je mets aux voix l'ensemble des conclusions de la Commission, Adopté. M. Parmentier, Rapporteur. Biens diocésains. Demande d'attribution au Département de parcelles de terre sises au finage de Rosières. Au nombre des biens de. l'ancien Diocèse de Troyes qui, aux termes des lois des 9 décembre 1905 et 13 pvril 1908, peuvent être attribués à des Services départementaux de bienfaisance ou d'assistance, il existe, sur le territoire de Rosières, quatre parcelles de terre qui proviennent des bieiis de l'ancien Grand-Séminaire de Troyes. Aucune revendication de propriété de ces immeubles" n'ayant été formulée dans le délai légal de 6 mois à partir de la publication au Journal Officiel, l'attribution au Département en est actuellement possible. Ces parcelles de terres d'une contenance de 4 hectares 29 ares 34 centiares sont louées à bail et sont productives d'un revenu annuel de 230 francs. Votre Commission des Finances est d'avis d'accepter.la propriété de ces immeubles et d'en affecter les revenus à l'OEuvre de distribution gratuite des layettes, qui feront masse avec le reliquat de 4.190 francs. Adopté. M. Parmentier, Rapporteur. OEuvres Post-scolaires. Patronage laïque Jean-Macé. Pour témoigner sa très grande satisfaction et sa sollicitude à 170 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 ce Patronage, qui rend tous les jours de très grands services à toute la population ouvrière de ce grand quartier de Troyes, et pour l'encourager à continuer son oeuvre, votre Commission des Finances est d'avis qu'il y a lieu de porter de 100 francs à 500 francs la subvention annuelle à accorder à cette belle Société. La différence, soit 400 francs, sera portée au budget supplémentaire du présent exercice. M. le Rapporteur. — Cette institution est très active ; elle rend de grands services en retenant au Patronage les enfants des ouvriers, le soir en semaine et la journée du dimanche ; c'est, pour ainsi dire, un modèle pour les autres Patronages de France. Tous ces résultats, si admirables, n'ont d'ailleurs été obtenus que grâce à la Direction aussi éclairée que dévouée et aussi au Conseil d'administration qui sont à sa tête. En adoptant les conclusions favorables du Rapporteur, c'est le plus bel éloge que vous puissiez donner à cette OEuvre Post-scolaire modèle. M. le Président. — Je mets aux voix les conclusions du rapport. Adopté. M. Parmentier, Rapporteur. Assistance obligatoire aux vieillards, aux infirmes et aux incurables privés de ressources. Placements familiaux. Relèvement du prix de la journée. L'article 16 du règlement départemental sur l'Assistance obligatoire aux vieillards, aux infirmes et aux incurables privés de ressources, du 28 décembre 1906, établit les conditions générales' SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 171 du placement des assistés dans les familles étrangères et fixe à un franc par jour la rémunération à payer au contractant. Les placements de cette nature sont actuellement au nombre de cinq, et ils seraient certainement plus nombreux si le prix de journée, aujourd'hui manifestement insuffisant, était plus élevé. Il conviendrait, semble4-il, de faciliter le placement dans les familles étrangères des vieillards sans soutien et qui, tant à raison du défaut d'Hospice départemental, que du petit nombre de lits dont disposent les Hospices publics de l'Aube, ne peuvent pas être hospitalisés au fur et à mesure des propositions. Dans la situation actuelle des choses, une moyenne constante de-15 à 20 vieillards à hospitaliser attendent que des vacances se produisent dans les Hospices publics. Si la disposition proposée n'a pas pour conséquence de faire disparaître complètement ce nombre de postulants, elle semble, .du moins, devoir contribuer à en diminuer l'importance. Pour combler cette lacune, très regrettable pour de pauvres vieillards qui attendent de longs mois leur hospitalisation, votre Commission des Finances est d'avis de relever le prix de journée du placement familial à 1 fr. 50. dopté. M. le Président. — La-parole est à M. Masson. au nom de la Commission des Voeux divers. COMMISSION DES VOEUX DIVERS. M. Jules Masson, Rapporteur. Société de Secours Mutuels « Les Sauveteurs de la Croix-Rouge. » Demande de subvention. La Société de Secours Mutuels « Les Sauveteurs de la CroixRouge » qui, à toutes les fêtes et réunions, établit un Poste de secours dont le concours a été quelquefois très utile et apprécié, possède un matériel de secours bien insuffisant et fort usagé, qu'elle a l'intention d'améliorer, mais comme elle ne possède 172 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 aucune ressource, les fonds de cette Société étant destinés à la mutualité, elle sollicite du Conseil général une allocation pour lui permettre, le Gas échéant, de remplir la tâche qu'elle s'est assignée, « le secours public. » Votre Commission des Voeux divers, considérant que cette Société rend de réels services, vous propose de lui allouer la subvention qu'elle sollicite et demande le renvoi à la Commission des Finances. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances, M. Masson, Rapporteur. Société de Secours Mutuels, « Les Vignerons d'Ailleville ». Demande de Subvention. M. le Président de la Société de Secours Mutuels, « les Vignerons d'Ailleville », sollicite du Conseil général l'allocation d'une subvention en faveur de cette Société qui, dit-il, compte 18 membres. Ces membres versent un franc de cotisation annuelle, ils reçoivent quinze francs de subvention communale et quelques cotisations de membres honoraires. La Société paie à ses membres malades un nombre de journées de travail correspondant au nombre de journées de maladie; elle vient insuffisamment en aide dans le paiement des honoraires des Médecins et dans celui des frais de pharmacie, car ses ressources sont trop limitées et encore celles-ci tendent à diminuer, en raison des mauvaises récoltes successives qui accroissent la misère des campagnes. Votre Commission des Voeux divers, tout en reconnaissant que cette Société rend de grands services à ses membres, estime, à regret, vu le grand nombre de ces Sociétés qui pourraient solliciter une subvention, que le Conseil général ne peut s'engager dans cette voie et vous propose de passer à l'ordre du jour. M. Bordes..— Le Conseil général ne peut donner SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 173 satisfaction à toutes les Sociétés sans pousser sa générosité jusqu'à l'abus. Cependant, je suis tout disposé à subventionner cette Association de vignerons qui, malgré les inconvénients dus à la crise viticole, font leur possible pour s'entr'aider. Leur but est de relever l'outil tombé des mains de leurs camarades malades et de les remplacer dans leurs travaux pendant leur maladie. Je crois que nous devons les encourager et leur témoigner notre sympathie, sans nous ruiner. M. Meissirel-Marquot. —Au mois d'avril 1911, il a été décidé qu'il serait accordé à ces Sociétés de secours mutuels une subvention qui pourrait être égale au sacrifice communal.. Je demande qu'on prenne en considération la requête des vignerons d'Ailleville. M. le Président. — Dans ces conditions, M. Masson ne s'oppose pas au renvoi à la Commission des Finances. Sous le bénéfice des observations présentées par MM. Bordes et Meissirel-Marquot, je mets aux voix les nouvelles conclusions du rapport. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Moreau, au nom de la même Commission. M. Moreau, Rapporteur. Secours aux victimes d'accidents isolés du travailRèglement de répartition du crédit. A la session de novembre 1911, l'Assemblée départementale a mis, à partir du lor janvier 1912, à la disposition de M. le Préfet, 174 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 une somme de 500 francs destinée à donner des secours immédiats aux victimes d'accidents isolés du travail suivis de mort ou'd'incapacité permanente de travail, en attendant l'établissement d'un règlement de répartition. Aucun accident, pouvant déterminer l'attribution d'un secours, ne s'est encore produit depuis le 1er janvier. D'accord avec l'auteur de la proposition, votre Commission des Voeux divers, n'ayant pas encore des éléments d'appréciation suffisants, pense qu'il y a lieu d'ajourner, à la prochaine session," l'établissement du règlement de répartition. Adopté. Renvoi à la Session d'Août. M. Moreau, Rapporteur. Postes et Télégraphes. Réponses aux voeux présentés par : 1° — La Commune d'Éguilly ; 2° — La Commune de Polisot ; 3° — Les Communes de Chesley et Coussegrey. 1° — Êguilly. — Organisation du service d'une deuxième levée de la Boite aux lettres. — Pour la Commune d'Éguilly, satisfaction lui est donnée, puisque le courrier de Bar-sur-Seine à Vitry-le-Croisé lève bien régulièrement la Boîte d'Éguilly. ce Service n'ayant, d'ailleurs, jamais été suspendu ; 2° — Polisot. — Modification des heures de levée de la Boite mobile de la Gare de Polisot. — Pour la Commune de Polisot, M. le Directeur des Postes, par sa lettre du 14 février 1912, fait observer qu'il n'est guère possible de faire rester, pendant une heure à la Gare de Polisot, le courrier auxiliaire de Cunfin, pour assurer le Service de la Boîte au train de 9 h. 58. La Municipalité ,de Polisot pourrait remédier à l'inconvénient signalé eh chargeant de ce Service les agents de la Compagnie de l'Est, moyennant le paiement d'une indemnité annuelle de 30 francs ; 3° — Chesley et Coussegrey. — Amélioration de la distribution descourriers de Troyes à destination de Chesley et Cous SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 175 segrey. ■— Pour les Communes de Chesley et de Coussegrey, M. le Directeur des Postes, par sa lettre du 17 février 1912, fait observer que, dans l'état actuel des choses, les changements qui pourraient être opérés dans le Service des dépêches amèneraient, d'un autre côté, des inconvénients qui soulèveraient certainement les protestations des intéressés. Votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose de donner acte à M. le Directeur des Postes de ses réponses tout en le priant de ne pas perdre de vue les voeux qui n'ont pu être solutionnés favorablement et d'apporter des améliorations à la situation actuelle lorsqu'elles seront possibles. Adopté. Acte est donné. M. Moreau, Rapporteur. Commissions départementales du Travail. 4e Congrès national à Châlons-sur-Marne, en mai 1912. Demande de Subvention. Les Commissions départementales du Travail, instituées en vertu de l'article 24 de la loi du 2 novembre 1892, tiennent cette année leur 4e Congrès national à Châlons-sur-Marne. Votre Commission dès Voeux divers pense qu'en raison de l'intérêt que présentent les questions à l'ordre-du jour de ce Congrès, il y a lieu d'en faciliter l'accès aux Délégués de la Commission départementale de l'Aube et vous propose le renvoi à la Commission des Finances, avec avis favorable. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. 176 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 M. Moreau, Rapporteur. Demandes diverses de subventions. Les Sociétés et Associations suivantes : La Ligue française de propagande du Comité FranceAmérique ; "L'Association amicale des Sourds-muets de la Champagne ; Le Comité du 2e Centenaire de la naissance de J.-J. Rousseau ; Le Comitépour l'érection, à Richelieu, d'un monument au Cardinal de Richelieu ; L'Association centrale pour l'aménagement des montagnes ; sollicitent du Conseil général l'allocation de subventions. Suivant les précédents déjà établis par le Conseil général et pour ménager les finances départementales, votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose d'écarter ces demandes. Adopté. M. Moreau, Rapporteur. La " Sentinelle " de Montigny, Société de tir et de préparation militaire. Demande de subvention. La Société de tir et de préparation militaire "LaSentinelle de Montigny ", nouvellement créée et remplissant les conditions exigées, demande une subvention. Votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose de renvoyer cette demande, avec avis favorable, à la Commission des Finances qui déterminera le montant de la subvention à allouer. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. SEANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 177 M. Moreau, Rapporteur. Union Sportive Troyenne. Demande de subvention. La Société de gymnastique " L Union Sportive Troyenne " sollicite du Conseil général l'allocation d'une subvention. Malgré l'intérêt que présente cette Société et le dévouement de ses dirigeants, votre Commission des Voeux divers regrette de ne pouvoir vous proposer d'accueillir favorablement sa demande, le Département ne subventionnant pas les Sociétés de gymnastique. Adopté. M. Moreau, Rapporteur. Oppositions au dixième du salaire des ouvriers. Diminution des frais de procédure. Voeu du Conseil d'arrondissement de Bar-sûr-Seine. Le Conseil d'arrondissement de Bar-sur-Seine a émis le voeu : « Que les frais de procédure sur les oppositions au dixième du « salaire des ouvriers soient réduits dans une notable proportion, « ces frais s'élevant souvent au double de la dette. » Votre Commission des Voeux divers ne peut que vous proposer de vous associer énergiquement à ce voeu et d'en souhaiter la prompte réalisation. Adopté. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Renaudat, au nom de la même Commission. 12 o 178 SÉANCE DÛ 18 AVRIL 1912 M. Renaudat, Rapporteur. " Société nationale de Protection de la main-d'oeuvre agricole ". " Société française d'émulation agricole contre l'abandon des Campagnes ". Demandes de subventions. La " Société nationale de Protection de la main-d'oeuvre agricole " et la " Société française d'émulation agricole contre l'abandon des Campagnes", sollicitent du Conseil général l'allocation de subventions. Ces deux Sociétés sont certainement très dignes d'intérêt, mais, en raison de l'état de nos finances départementales, votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose dépasser àl'ordre-du jour. Adopté. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Geslin, au nom de la même Commission. M. Geslin, Rapporteur. Postes et Télégraphes. Marigny-le-Ghâtel. Demande de concession d'une deuxième distribution journalière des lettres. Le 23 août 1911, l'Assemblée départementale avait appuyé le voeu suivant en faveur de la Commune de Marigny-le-Châtel : « Que l'Administration des Postes veuille bien chercher les « moyens de pourvoir le Bureau de Marigny-le-Chàtel d'une « deuxième distribution ; des Communes de moindre importance « en bénéficiant déjà. » SÉANCE DÛ 18 AVRIL 19i2 179 ' En réponse à cette demande, M. le Directeur des Postes déclare que la réalisation de cette mesure nécessiterait : « 1° — La création d'un Service de Courrier en voiture de « Romilly-sur-Seine à Marigny-le-Châtel dont les frais d'établis« sèment sont évalués à 1.800 francs. <( 2° — La création d'un emploi de Facteur local auxiliaire au « Bureau de Marigny-le-Châtel au salaire de 290 francs environ. « Or, la situation actuelle des crédits ne permet pas encore « d'engager une dépense aussi élevée et la demande du Conseil « général reste classée à son rang parmi celles de même catégorie « intéressant les autres Communes, sièges de Bureaux de Poste a n'ayant qu'une seule distribution. « J'ajoute que cette question-pourra être reprise avec beaucoup (( plus de chances de suecès, après la mise en activité du Chemin (( de fer départemental qui doit desservir Mârigny-le-Châtel ». • Nous vous prions de donner acte de cette communication à M. le Directeur auquel nous continuons à recommander vivement la demande de la Commune-de Marigny-le-Châtel. Adopté. Acte est donné. M. Geslin, Rapporteur. Le reboisement dans l'arrondissement de Toul. Demande de souscription. En 1911, au cours de la session d'août, si nous avons bonne, mémoire, une demande de souscription " en faveur d'un volume traitant un mode pratique d'administration, dont l'auteur était un Sous-Préfet d'un Département quelconque, avait été déposée sur le Bureau du Conseil général. Nous nous étions empressés d'adresser nos félicitations à l'auteur de l'ouvrage, le fait d'un Sous-Préfet occupant ses loisirs à se rendre utile étant assez rare pour être signalé. Cet exemple est-il devenu contagieux ? Nous aurions tendance à lecroireet, dans un jour prochain, peut-être, car rien n'est impossible en ce monde, l'Assemblée départementale sera-t-elle appelée, par la force des choses, à émettre un voeu en faveur du maintien, 180 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 pour cause d'utilité publique, des Sous-Préfets si souvent condamnés ? Aujourd'hui, parmi les dossiers qui nous sont soumis, nous trouvons une autre demande de souscription en faveur d'un ouvrage, sur le reboisement dans l'arrondissement de Toul. L'auteur n'est pas un inconnu pour nous, il s'appelle M. Paul Herrgott, ancien Sous-Préfet de Nogent-sur-Seine où il' est resté en villégiature pendant six ou sept années. Charmant garçon, libre d'allure et de caractère, très sympathique, bo'n administrateur, ennemi déclaré de toutes taquineries mesquines et de ces vexations ' auxquelles nous sommes trop souvent exposés, M. Herrgott a quitté le Département emportant les sympathies de la ville de Nogent et de l'arrondissement qui continuent à regretter le départ de cet aimable Fonctionnaire. Appelé à Toul, et considérant, avec raison, que se contenter d'émarger à chaque trimestre au budget de la Princesse était une besogne insuffisante et indigne de lui et de son activité, il s'est mis au travail, rompant avec la tradition et a réussi. L'ouvrage qui nous est soumis est fort intéressant, trèscomplet, plein de renseignements pratiques, aussi votre Commission des Voeux divers est-elle unanime pour vous prier d'adresser nos sin-' cères félicitations à ce nouveau Sous-Préfet modèle et de recommander la lecture de ce volume aux Municipalités qui pourraient être appelées à procéder à des travaux de reboisement. M. le Préfet. — Je demande, sans m'attacher à la forme humoristique des observations présentées par M. Geslin, à faire des réserves très expresses sur le fond même; Mle Président. — Sous les réserves que vient de formuler M. le Préfet, je mets aux voix les conclusions du rapport. Adopté. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Gauthier, au nom de la Commission des Bâtiments. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 181 COMMISSION DES BATIMENTS. M. Gauthier, Rapporteur. Hôtel de la Préfecture. Réparations à la Grille sur le quai du Comté-Henri. Devis des ouvrages. Les fers et les tôles de la grille de l'Hôtel de la Préfecture, sur le quai du Comte-Henri, sont détériorés par la rouille, la peinture est complètement disparue. Il faudrait, pour assurer la conservation de cette grille, procéder à un grattage complet des fers et des tôles et les recouvrir ensuite de quatre couches de peinture à l'huile dont les deux premières seraient au minium de plomb. L'exécution de ces travaux donnerait lieu, suivant évaluation de M. Montenot, architecte à Troyes, à une dépense de 840-francs. Le crédit inscrit au budget départemental pour l'entretien de l'immeuble étant en grande partie absorbé parles réparations aux couvertures, aux portes et aux fenêtres, etc., ne permettrait pas de couvrir cette dépense. Votre Commission des Bâtiments estime qu'il conviendrait d'inscrire au budget supplémentaire de 1912 un crédit de 840 francs,nécessaire au paiement des dépenses dont il s'agit. iVdopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. M. Gauthier, Rapporteur. Hôtel de la Préfecture. Remplacement des stores des fenêtres de la façade Sud. Les stores, qui protègent contre la lumière trop vive les appartements et les Bureaux de l'Hôtel de la Préfecture, à l'exposition 182 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL.1912 Sud, sont dans le plus mauvais état. Leur installation a été faite vers 1898 et leur remplacement aux 21 ouvertures qui en sont pourvues occasionnerait une dépensé de 500 francs qui ne saurait être prélevée sur le crédit de 670 francs alloué pour l'entretien du mobilier de l'Hôtel. ' Votre Commission des Bâtiments estime qu'il convient d'autoriser l'exécution de ce travail .et d'inscrire un crédit de 500 francs au budget supplémentaire de l'exercice de 1912. • Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. M. Gauthier, Rapporteur. Caserne de gendarmerie de Troyes. Projet de grosses réparations aux Bâtiments. Des réparations aux Bâtiments de la Caserne de gendarmerie de Troyes sont demandées par M. le Commandant qui signale que la réfection de peintures et le remplacement de papiers de tenture s'imposent dans différents locaux de cet immeuble départemental, et que les murs extérieurs des bâtiments nécessitent quelques réparations. Les peintures les plus urgentes seraient à exécuter dans les vestibules, escaliers et couloirs du bâtiment des Officiers, dans celui du bâtiment en façade sur la rue de l'Hôtel-de-Ville, ainsi que dans plusieurs cuisines et chambres affectées aux logements des Officiers et des Gendarmes. Les soubassements des murs extérieurs nécessitent aussi des repiquages et la réfection d'enduits^ notamment sur le Quai de Dampierre. Ces divers travaux donneraient lieu à une dépense, évaluée à 1.700 francs, qui serait couverte jusqu'à concurrence, de 500 francs au moyen d'un prélèvement équivalent sur le crédit annuel d'entretien. En conséquence votre Commission des Bâtiments estime qu'il y a lieu, pour le Conseil général, de décider l'exécution des travaux dont il s'agit qui feront l'objet d'un devis à [lui soumettre à la session d'août 1912. Adopté. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 183 M. le Préfet quitte la salle des séances ; il est remplacé par M. le Secrétaire général. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Bonnet, au nom de la Commission des Voeux diversCOMMISSION diversCOMMISSION VOEUX DIVERS. M. Bonnet, Rapporteur. " Le Ralliement d'Aix-en-Othe " Société de tir et de préparation militaire. Demande de subvention. Cette Société sollicite du Conseil général une subvention en vue d'effectuer les travaux nécessaires à la création de son Stand. Suivant la jurisprudence adoptée par le Conseil général, la Commission des Voeux divers vous prie de donner un avis favorable à cette demande qui serait renvoyée à la Commission des Finances pour la fixation du chiffre de la subvention. M. de Launay. — Il est de tradition, au Conseil général, de ne donner de subvention que pour les créations de Stands; or, il s'agit ici d'un ancien Stand. M. Tricoche-Maillard.. — La Société de tir et de préparation militaire " Le Ralliement d'Aix-en-Othe " est approuvée par M. le Ministre de la Guerre; elle a repris pour son compte le Stand de l'ancienne Société dissoute absolument insuffisant et se trouve dans la nécessité d'y faire exécuter des travaux importants d'améliorations. On peut considérer que cette Société crée en réalité un Siand et qu'elle a droit à la subvention départementale. M. le Président. — Je mets aux voix les conclusions du rapport. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances.. 184 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 M. Bonnet, Rapporteur. Union des Sociétés de gymnastique de France. Création de Sociétés de tir et de préparation militaire. Voeu. L'Union des Sociétés de gymnastique de France, par une circulaire jointe au dossier, demande au Conseil général d'encourager la création de Sociétés de tir et dé préparation militaire. L'Assemblée départementale qui inscrit, chaque année, à son budget, un crédit pour subventions aux Sociétés de ce genre, a satisfait par avance au désir exprimé par cette Association. Votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose, en conséquence, de passer à l'ordre du jour. Adopté. M. Bonnet, Rapporteur. Barse et Bodronne. Répartition des eaux entre l'Agriculture et l'Industrie. Dans sa délibération du 23 août 1911, le Conseil général avait signalé l'urgence que présentait la réglementation de l'usage des eaux des rivières de la Barse et de la Bodronne. M. le Ministre de l'Agriculture, par dépêche du 5 mars 1912, fait savoir que cette affaire est soumise à nouveau au Conseil d'État avec le complément d'instruction que cette Haute Assemblée avait demandé. M. le Ministre ajoute que rien ne sera négligé pour que la solution intervienne à bref délai et d'extrême urgence. Nous vous prions, Messieurs, de donner acte à M. le Préfet de sa communication. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 185 M. de Launay. — Je trouve extraordinaire que, depuis cinq ans, cette division des eaux n'ait pu être effectuée. Il y a cependant grand intérêt à ce que satisfaction soit donnée aux propriétaires, parce que le règlement qui existait précédemment est devenu caduc'. Les premiers occupants accaparent l'eau et les autres n'ont plus rien du tout; le préjudice est surtout considérable pendant la période de sécheresse ; les usiniers et propriétaires agriculteurs possédant des prairies en aval ne reçoivent plus d'eau, celle-ci étant retenue en amont. Cette situation fâcheuse exigeait qu'une prompte solution intervint, et cependant les lenteurs administratives du Service hydraulique et du Conseil d'État l'ont retardé outre mesure. M. le Secrétaire général. — Nous pourrons transmettre ces observations à la Haute Assemblée. MParmentier. — Ces observations ne sont pas spéciales au département de l'Aube ; il en est ainsi partout où il y a de l'eau à voler. Dans l'Aube, nous avons l'avantage d'avoir de nombreux cours d'eau et sur ceux-ci nous n'avons plus de Service hydraulique. Il serait à désirer que nous possédions un Ingénieur chargé de réorganiser le Service dans tout le Déparlement. On pourrait commencer par les cours d'eau qui en ont le plus besoin.. En ce qui concerne la Seine, en amont de la Moline jusqu'aux moulins dé Troyes, l'usage de l'eau a été annulé pendant six mois, L'an dernier; il a suffi d'un simple abus de la part d'un manufacturier. M. le Secrétaire, général. — Celte usine a certainement fait l'objet d'un règlement d'eau comme toutes les autres, et elle ne peut que fonctionner suivant les 186 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 dispositions de ce règlement, sous le. contrôle de MM. les Ingénieurs. C'est bien là une manifestation de l'existence dans l'Aube du Service hydraulique. M. le Président. — M. Parmentier ne l'ignore pas ; il dit seulement qu'il ne fonctionne pas. M. Parmentier. — Effectivement, à la suite de plainte.s des propriétaires riverains, transmises par la Préfecture au Service compétent, une décision très anodine a été prise. On a prescrit de faire lever les vannes pendant un quart d'heure pour chasser les immondices, c'est-à-dire qu'on a laissé passer un tout petit filet d'eau seulement et pendant une courte durée. Nous demandons que le cours de la rivière ne soit pas entravé sur un espace de plus d'un kilomètre. M. le Secrétaire général. — J'ignore à quelle usine l'honorable M. Parmentier a entendu faire allusion et mon observation, par suite, ne la visait pas; elle tendait seulement à constater le fonctionnement effectif d'un Service hydraulique dans le Département. M. le Rapporteur. — Pas une usine ne peut être exploitée sur un cours d'eau sans faire l'objet d'un arrêté de réglementation que l'on peut consulter dans chaque Mairie. M. le Président.— L'Administration pourra insister dans le but de faire trancher cette affaire d'ici le mois d'août par le Conseil d'État. Je mets aux voix les conclusions du rapport. Adopté. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 187 M. Bonnet, Rapporteur. Élections départementales et cantonales. Dates de convocation des électeurs. Par une lettre du 30 janvier 1912, en réponse au voeu du Conseil général de l'Aube demandant que les élections dont il s'agit aient lieu au mois d'avril, M. le Ministre de l'Intérieur fait connaître que les Conseils généraux, appelés à donner leur avis à ce sujet, se sont prononcés, en grande majorité, pour le maintien du mois de juillet. Votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose de donner acte à M. le Préfet de sa communication. Adopté. Acte est donné. M. Bonnet, Rapporteur. Retraites ouvrières et paysannes Notice relative à l'application de la loi du 27 février 1912. Suivant une circulaire de M. le Ministre du Travail et de la Prévoyance sociale, en date du 1er avril 1912, M. le Préfet a fait remettre à chacun de nous un exemplaire d'une notice contenant les principales dispositions de la loi du 5 avril 1910 modifiée par celle du 27 février dernier. Votre Commission des Voeux divers vous prie de donner acte à M. le Préfet de cette communication relative à l'application de cette loi d'une haute portée sociale, dont nous désirons tous vivement voir la population ouvrière et paysanne de notre Département apprécier et solliciter les avantages incontestables. Adopté. 188 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 M. Bonnet, Rapporteur. Mission laïque française. Association pour la propagation de l'Enseignement laïque aux Colonies et à l'Étranger. Cette Association nous a transmis, à titre de renseignements, une publication faisant connaître les résultats de la propagation faite par « La Mission laïque française » aux Colonies et à l'Étranger. Nous vous prions de prendre acte de cette communication. Adopté. Acte est donné. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Rolland, au nom de la même Commission. M. Rolland, Rapporteur. Jury Criminel. Formation des listes préparatoires. Date de réunion des Commissions. Votre Commission des Voeux divers, considérant que le mois de mai étant celui qui laisse le plus de liberté aux agriculteurs, vous propose de fixer du 15 au 31 de mai la date de la réunion de ces Commissions. Adopté. SÉANCE. DU 18 AVRIL. 1912 189 M. Rolland, Rapporteur. Fédération des Sociétés de Tir, de Gymnastique et de préparation militaire de l'Aube. Demande de subvention. La Fédération des Sociétés de Tir, de Gymnastique et de préparation militaire de l'Aube adresse au Conseil général une demande de subvention pour l'aider à faire construire un Stand, dont la dépense se monte à 60.000 francs. Cette Société qui a pour but de faire l'éducation physique des jeunes gens, d'en faire des tireurs émérites, des soldats robustes et accomplis, mérite d'être encouragée, aussi votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose-t-elle d'accueillir favorablement sa demande et de la renvoyer à la Commission des Finances. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. M. Rolland, Rapporteur. Service des Épizooties. Dépenses de 1911. Honoraires des Vétérinaires sanitaires. Insuffisance du crédit. Dans son rapport, M. le Vétérinaire départemental signale l'insuffisance du crédit inscrit au budget .départemental pour les dépenses du Service des Épizooties, notamment pour les vacations et honoraires des Vétérinaires sanitaires. L'extension de la fièvre aphteuse ayant nécessité un surcroit de vacations pour lesquelles des mémoires justificatifs ont été fournis, votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose de vous ' rallier à la demande de M. le Préfet et de vouloir bien voter le crédit complémentaire de 515 fr. 68 nécessaire. 190 SEANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 M. de Launay. — Je me demande pourquoi la Commission des Voeux divers propose l'inscription du crédit; cette décision appartient à la Commission des Finances qui fait des propositions au Conseil général. M. Boulard. — Je demande le renvoi pur et simple du dossier à la Commission des Finances. M. le Président. — Le renvoi est de droit. Il est ordonné. M. Rolland, Rapporteur. Société de patronage des libérés. Demande de subvention. La Société de patronage des libérés étant une oeuvre humanitaire appelée à rendre les plus grands services à la Société, votre Commission des Voeux divers vous prie de prendre cette demande en considération et de la renvoyer à la Commission des Finances. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. M. Rolland, Rapporteur. Station Pasteur de Bourgogne et de Franche-Comté. Projet de création à Dijon. Renouvellement de demande de subvention. Votre Commission des Voeux divers, considérant que le Département est sur le point de subvenir prochainement à l'entretien SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 191 d'un Laboratoire de recherches bactériologiques et chimiques, vous propose de maintenir votre décision de la session d'août dernier. . ' Adopté. M. Rolland, Rapporteur. " La Fraternelle de Dosches et Rouilly-Sacey ", Société de Tir et de préparation militaire. Demande de subvention. " La Fraternelle de Dosches et Rouilly-Sacey ", agréée sous le n° 4686 par décision ministérielle du 18 janvier 1911, se trouvant dans les conditions qui lui permettent d'obtenir la subvention qu'elle sollicite, votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose d'accueillir favorablement sa demande. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. M. Rolland, Rapporteur. Police sanitaire. Épizootie de Fièvre aphteuse. Demande de remaniement des mesures sanitaires. Voeu. Parmi les causes de diffusion de la fièvre aphteuse, la plus fréquente et une des plus importantes, au point de vue sanitaire, c'est, sans contredit, la contagion aérienne de la maladie. Ce mode de propagation, que j'ai constaté bien dès fois dans le cours de ma longue carrière, vient d'être mis en évidence par les observations de MM. Leneveu et Gosselin, Vétérinaires de la Manche et du Calvados. Et, pour éviter cette contagion aérienne de la maladie, ces Mes 192 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 sieurs ont fait soumettre et approuver au Conseil général de la Manche, un voeu demandant que leur travail soit soumis à l'étude d'une Commission spéciale nommée par le Ministre de l'Agriculture, afin que d'autres mesures, basées sur une connaissance plus approfondie de la fièvre aphteuse et de ses modes de propagation,, puissent être prises pour lutter efficacement contre le fléau. Votre Commission des Voeux divers vous propose, à l'exemple du Conseil général de la Manche, d'approuver aussi ce voeu. Adopté. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Thierry-Delanoue, au nom de la Commission des Voies de Communication. COMMISSION DES VOIES DE COMMUNICATION. M. Thierry-Delanoue, Rapporteur. Chemin d'intérêt commun n° 64; Embranchement D, d'Aix-en-Othe à Cosdon. Remplacement du tablier en bois, par un tablier métallique, du pont sur la Vanne, à Cosdon. La tentative d'adjudication, puis la recherche d'un soumissionnaire, faites parle Service vicinal, ayant échoué, M. l'Agent-Voyer en Chef a fait relever le prix des fers et aciers de 0 fr. 45 àO fr. 54, par kilogramme, et celui des fontes dé 0 fr. 35 à 0 fr. 44. Le montant de la dépense se trouve, de ce fait, augmenté de.... 800 fr. A répartir entre l'État pour 250 fr. Et le Département pour 550 fr. qu'il y a lieu de prélever sur le crédit de G7.971 francs, chapitre 25, article 6, du budget départemental de 1912, qui sera ramené à 67.421 francs. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 193 M. Thierry-Delanoue, Rapporteur. Voeux ayant fait l'objet de réponses ministérielles. Dans son rapport, M. le Préfet donne au Conseil général les •réponses faites par M. le Ministre des Travaux publics aux voeux suivants émis par l'Assemblée départementale : Chemins de 1er de l'Est. 1° — Ligne de Paris à Belfort. « Création, entre Paris et Chaumont, d'un train rapide de toutes « classes permettant d'arriver avant midi dans les stations situées « entre Tro}res et Bar-sur-Seine, ainsi que dans certains points de <( la section Troyes-Chaumont. » Voeu du Conseil général du 24 août 1910. Réponse favorable du Ministre des Travaux publics du 1er avril 1912. Voir page 287 du rapport de M. le Préfet. 2° — Lignes de Saint-Florentin à Chàlons et de Sens à Saint-Dizier. « Mise en concordance, à Troyes, du train (56) 42, qui y arrive « de Chàlons à 1 h. 15 du soir, avec le train (57) 43, de midi 56, « sur Saint-Dizier. » Voeu du Conseil général du 12 septembre 1911. Réponse défavorable de M. le Ministre des Travaux publics du lep avril 1912. Voir page 288 du rapport de M. le Préfet. Votre Commission des Voies de Communication vous demande de donner acte à M. le Préfet de ces communications. Acte est donné. 13 c 194 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 M. Thierry-Delanoue, Rapporteur. Chemins de fer en exploitation. Réseau départemental. Ligne des Riceys à Cunfin. Délégation à la Commission départementale. Le Conseil général donne, depuis plusieurs années, délégation à la Commission départementale pour autoriser M. le Préfet à approuver : 1° — Les actes d'acquisitions des terrains nécessaires à l'établissement du Chemin de fer des Riceys à Cunfin ; 2° — Les soumissions pour la vente des arbres, matériaux, etc., se trouvant sur ces terrains ; 3° — Les actes de revente des terrains sans emploi provenant de hors ligne ou d'excédents. Quelques acquisitions supplémentaires de terrains peuvent encore être reconnues nécessaires ; des bois, de vieux matériaux peuvent être à vendre ; enfin, il y a encore à revendre des hors ligne et des excédents d'emprise. Pour faciliter l'expédition de ces affaires, votre Commission des Voies de Communication vous propose de renouveler la délégation à la Commission départementale pour autoriser M. le Préfet à approuver les opérations dont il s'agit. Adopté. Délégation est donnée. M. le Président. — La parole est à M. Moslard, au nom de la même Commission. SEANCE DU 18 AVRIL 19l2 195 M. Moslard, Rapporteur. Service vicinal. Personnel des Agents-Voyers. Indemnités de résidence aux Agents-Voyers habitant Troyes. Par une pétition en date du 4 mars dernier, les Agents-Voyers d'arrondissements, cantonaux et surnuméraires, en résidence à Troyes, exposent que, par suite du renchérissement des vivres et des loyers, leur traitement devient insuffisant pour subvenir aux besoins de la vie. Ils sollicitent, en conséquence, une allocation de résidence basée sur celle accordée, l'an dernier, au Personnel des Bureaux de la Préfecture, c"est-à-dire : 250 francs par agent marié, plus 25 francs par enfant au-dessous de 16 ans ; 100 francs par agent célibataire. Les raisons invoquées par les pétitionnaires étant indiscutables, votre Commission des Voies de Communication, considérant que le Conseil général ne saurait équitablement se montrer moins bienveillant à l'égard des fonctionnaires du Département qu'à l'égard de ceux de l'État, vous propose d'accueillir favorablement la demande de MM. les Agents-Voyers, laquelle occasionnerait, pour le Département, une dépense qui se décompose ainsi : 1 agent marié, avec deux enfants soit.... 250 + 50= 300 3 agents mariés, avec chacun 1 enfant, soit 750 -475= 825 4 agents célibataires à 100 francs, soit 400 Soit au total 1.525 M. de Launay. — Je ferai les mêmes réserves que pour les employés des Sous-Préfectures et de la Préfecture. Si ceux-ci obtiennent un statut personnel nous devrons mettre les traitements des Agents-voyers en rapport avec le leur, car les Ageals-voyers pourraient alors avoir des émoluments supérieurs. 196 SÉANCE DU 18 AVRIL 1912 • Il n'y aurait plus lieu de faire de distinction entre l'indemnité de résidence et le trailement qui se trouveront confondus. A ce moment, nous serons amenés, sans doute, à établir un statut des fonctionnaires départementaux. M. le Président. — Sous le bénéfice de ces observations, je mets aux voix les conclusions du rapport. Adopté, avec renvoi à la Commission des Finances. M. le Président. —Laparole est à M. le D' 1 Theveny, au nom de la Commission des Bâtiments. COMMISSION DES BATIMENTS. M. Theveny, Rapporteur. Immeuble départemental rue Charles-Dutreix, n» 12, à Troyes. Frais d'entretien, d'assurance, d'impôts. Demande de crédits. Le Département est propriétaire d'un immeuble qui est loué 305 francs. Le Département doit, pour cet immeuble, acquitter les impôts suivants : ■Contribution foncière 40 Taxe de biens de main-morte 22 Ensemble.... 62 Somme qu'il y a lieu d'inscrire au budget supplémentaire du présent exercice. |
homenovel05cull_1 | English-PD | Public Domain | r. l £1 yt VI B RAHY OF THE U N IVE.R.SITY OF ILLINOIS 823 C89h *.5 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN The person charging this material is responsible for its renewal or return to the library on or before the due date. The minimum fee for a lost item is $125.00, $300.00 for bound journals. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. Please note: self-stick notes may result in torn pages and lift some inks. Renew via the Telephone Center at 217-333-8400, 846-262-1510 (toll-free) [email protected]. Renew online by choosing the My Account option at: http://www.library.uiuc.edu/catalog/ HOME. A NOVEL. IN FIVE VOLUMES. ^2— EXPECT NOT A STORY DECK'd IN THE GARE OP PANCY, — BUT LOOK AT HOME. VOLUME V. PRINTED FOB J. MAWMAN, POULTRY, LONDON; AND BY AND T. WILSON, AND R. SPENCE, HIGH-OUSEC AT E, YORK. 1802. '$tvrfiJ* HOME. CHAPTER L AN a few days, the grief which had been sup*. prefsed, not weakened in the breast of Lady Qrnviiie, broke out with increased force in con- sequence of a letter from her eldest son. She had made Constantia write to him of his cousin Louisa's marriage, as soon as she was informed of it herseii, and it was i:; anfwer to this letter, that he now wrote to her. He exprefoed much satisfaction in the prosperity of Louisa, but said that he should have taken it kind if he had been A3 O HOME. invited to the Abbey while she was there, espe- cially, as it was a season in which he had been so much accustomed to be at Ornville, that he did not imagine he should now have been for- gotten. He said that he had only delayed his own marriage, from the hope that time would render his father propitious to his wishes ; but from his neglect of him at present, he saw that he had no longer reason to indulge so agree- able an expectation. This letter gave severe distrefs to Lady Ornville. She immediately wrote to him that fhe regretted extremely, his not having vo- luntarily come to Ornville at Chriftmas, as his father v. ould have been much pleafed with a visit from him, though he had not thought cf requesting as a favour, what he might have expected from his affection without solicitation. That ihe was certain nothing would conciliate him more than kindnefs; and as a very short time had elapsed, since he was informed of his intended marriage, she trusted that he would yet wait patiently a little while, before he took any decisive step. She men- tioned the deep affliction which they suffered from Philip, kand urged it as a strong motive for HOME. 7 his not occasioning any additional distrefs to his father at present. Her letter was full of kindnefs, and she hoped it would have some effect in retarding his mar- riage. More than delay, she could not now venture to hope ; and his dreaded union with Sally Cusliffe, with ail its train cf melancholy consequences, appeared in array before her, as certain events. But scarcely had she passed a day in mourn- ing secretly the fate of her eldest son, before her attention was called to the situation of her youngest by the newspaper 3 in which there was an account of an action, which had been brought against him in the Court of King's Bench by Mr. Melfont. The circumstances of the elope- ment, with various particulars of Philip's and Mrs. Melfont's previous and subsequent beha- viour, were detailed j and though none of them indicated any peculiar depravity in him, yet they offered no extenuation of his error, nor could his ingenious counsel urge a syllable in his defence. Sir John and Lady Ornville had indulged a A4 I HOME faint hope, that circumstances might appear on the trial, which would palliate the guilt of the parties; but this hope was now over, — which, with Philip's conduct being thus publicly ex- posed to view, had in some measure the effect of giving them a new shock. The utmost endeavours of Mrs Almorne were unavailing to sustain Lady Ornville under her afflictions, or to prevent her mind from dwel- ling upon them continually ; and it was with deep concern she saw, from the imprefsion which Philip's conduct in particular, had made both upon her and Sir John, that it was from length of time only, fhe could expect the least alleviation of their sorrow. Their unhappy state of mind was aggravated by great anxiety about Frederic, of whom they had been long without hearing. The detention of the Hamburgh Mails accounted for his late silence, but did not relieve their fears as to the previous cause of it, and they could not help feeling the most painful apprehensions for the welfare of him and his family. home. CHAPTER IL he uncertainty of Sir John and Lady Orn- ville respecting Frederic was of short duration. In two days Mrs. Almorne received a packet from Mr. Hanway, which contained only a few lines from himself, but inclosed a letter from Mr. Armiger. Its contents were as follow : (t To Edward Hanway, Esq^ !* My dear Friend3 " I wrote you a few hurried lines to inform you of OrnvihVs fafe arrival at Altona ; I write now to give you the intelligence of him that you desire. My account will probably be dif- ferent from what you expect, — but I will not anticipate. I shall give you a regular and sim- ple relation of occurrences ; for to you, every particular will be interesting, and it is only A5 10 HOME. from me you can ever know what has befallen him here. " The instant he got to Altona, he came to me. He took hold of my hand with a pale and miserable face, but said nothing. I saw that he was afraid to ask after his wife, and I immedi- ately told him, that she continued in the state in which she was when I wrote to you, but that I hoped his presence would restore her. " He gave me your letter, and begged that I would go and prepare her for their meeting. I said that I would instantly go, but desired he would accompany me to her grandfather's, that he might be ready to see her the moment I thought her able to bear the interview. " Upon going there, I found her lying on a sofa. I believe I told you, that she had from the beginning of her affliction, been prevailed upon to leave her bed, that she might see her aged grandfather, who was not able to come to her apartment, and was much distrefsed by her Hlnefs. She has since visited him every morn- ing, and the rest of the day lain upon a sofa, ap- parently insensible. Her nights pafsed more HOME. II painfully ; she slept little, and that little v. tremely disturbed. She often wished that she did not sleep at all. n I sat down by her, and after asking a few questions about her health, told hcT I had ter from you, i;. fOttllid, . Orn- ville had been so much d I on hearing of her illncfs, that he had d come im- mediately to Alton " She made no n " I then said :L. be hourly ex- pected. M She drew aside .1 hai her face, and fixed her eye for a moment, — but lud rawing ir, ted her Fk " After a short silence, I told her, got letters for her fi Almoroe, ..oked if she would read them ? 11 Yes, yes," she replied q them j they. will be got ad, and i A6 12 HOME, fancy myself again with them. — I wish/' she added, ft that I could once more see all the friends I have in England except " She did not finish the sentence. u When she opened the letters, she trembled so violently, that she could scarcely read them. The agitation the perusal of them threw her into, was excefsive, but after some time she wept bit- terly, and her countenance afsumed an appear- ance of softer grief than I have seen it wear, since the commencement of her sufferings. "She seemed however so much exhausted, that I did not think it would be safe to mention Orn- ville's arrival for some time ; but in a few mi- nutes, she begged that she might know as soon as he arrived. " I asked how she thought she would support the meeting with him ? " I know not," she replied, " but if he comes, if he comes," she repeated, u bring him to xne directly •, — I can but die the sooner." *' I sa w that she was afraid of his not coming ; HOME. 13 and therefore thought it better to tell her without delay, but with caution, that he was arrived. u She looked at me wildly, and immediately fainted. For some time I thought that all was over. " When she recovered, she looked eagerly around the room, as if in search of an object that she did not see. Ornvillc was at the door of her ipaitmentj and I beckoned to him to ap- .di. He did so, and, throwing himself on sofa beside her, cla-ped her in hi at his neck ; — but the agitation, — the tarnefl of both, I cannot pretend to describe. Zither her aunt nor I were able to rei in the room. u Fearful at length of fatal effects from such violent agitation, I returned, and begged that he would leave her for a time. " She said that she would be more composed, and entreated that I would not take him away. " Long as I have lived without him/' she said, 14 HOME " I think I should die immediately were I to lose him again." i( She raised herself on the sofa, that she might see him ; for she said that she had not yet seen him. " She gazed on him earnestly, saying, that she now saw again all that angelic goodnefs, which had so completely won her heart. " My dear Lydia,'' cried he, " do not torture me by such exprefsions *, I never was so good to you as I ought to have been." " You were always," she replied, tS much, better than I deserved. — I see things now very differently from what I once did; but I shall never trouble you more." u If you wish not to destroy me, Lydia, you must forbear this language ; had I not forsaken you for the gaming-table, you would never have given me the smallest cause for uneasinefs." " It was not you," she replied, " that were to blame ; it was my brother •, he forced you- HOME, 15 from home ; — he was the cause of all my mis- fortunes but of my happinefs too," she ad- ded, with a sweet, yet melancholy smile. " Say any thing, — any thing, Lydia," he cried, in the extremest agitation, <: rather than smile upon me ! — Let my heart be torn by your sorrow ; kill me with your reproaches •, — but, oh ! do not, — do not smile upon me with such heavenly goodncfs 1" w He appeared in such a transport of grief, thatl insisted upon his leaving the room. She de- sired it herself, saying, that he ought to see his children, and that she was not able to witnefs their meeting. M I carried him into another apartment, where he threw himself on the floor in a state of dis- traction. u She is dying," he cried, " and I am the cause ! — I have destroyed the most gentle, affec- tionate heart, that ever glowed in a human be- ing ! — How barbarous it was, when I knew how dependent she was upon me, — when her very l6 HOME. failings sprung only from the kindnefs of her heart!" " He seemed in such agonizing grief, that I thought it a proper moment to bring his sons. They could not render him more unhappy, and might, perhaps* soften his distrefs. " The instant they saw him, they sprung to him, and hung upon his neck. He clasped them to his breast with the most rapturous fondnefs, while he faintly articulated, " Dearest crea- tures, how ceuld I ever think of parting from you !" " Their presence had the effect I wished. In a short time he became calmer, and I seized the opportunity to represent to him the necefsity of governing his feelings before his wife. " Peace of mind," I said, " could alone restore her to health, and it was impofsible that she could be tranquil, if she saw him miserable. " He said that he would endeavour, as far as it was in his power, to command his feelings in her presence, and he did not disappoint me. When he returned to her, he preserved as much HOME. 17 nefs as I could well expect, although the struggle he sustained was great. She, too, ap- peared tranquillized* A soft joy seemed to beam through the melancholy of her appearance, for now but a sad remnant of her former ictf. * For some days, she appeared so well, that her recovery as | but the apprehensions of her physician, uhich h great, did not decrease, and I discovered that she thought h !■§• u Ornvillc never left her, except to visit her 1 ami during the short intervals he allotred to r. I when he was absent, her - told me that she wept im — Upon heari ised the first moment that she WM of sorrow ; which, as there was now no cause for ir, she ou^;ht to BUpprefl lor her husband's sake, d6 well ai her own. if I mourn," she replied, because I must leave him. , I thought of death only as a eolation ; but now, I find it difficult to die. Before his arrival, in the ekirk. and silent IS HOME-. hours of night, the anguish which seized me was terrible !— from horror and despair I turned to death, as a blefsed relief : — but now, when I find him always with me, — when I can pour out the affection with which my heart is filled, — and hear him in the tenderest language '? u She could not proceed ; convulsive sobs seemed to threaten the difsolution of her frame* " After some time, she recovered so far as to renew the conversation. u I have now," she said, " no fear for my children ; he will be a father to them, and Mils Ornville will be a mother : — but I fear he will suffer from believing that he has been unkind to me. Let him not think this. His behaviour has always been generous and tender ; — my es- teem for him is perfect — my gratitude unbound- ed. Tell him this, when I am no mere, — for well do I know his generous nature ; he will reproach himself for evils that could not be avoided. — Dreadful as it is to part from him, I yet feel blefsed in receiving once more proofs of his tendernefs, and in believing that he will. HOME. 1$ remember me, at least at this period, as not un- worthy of his esteem." 11 Thii conversation, she survived only a i I wa3 present ul.cn she die mentl ■ '.e lay tranquilly for some time, supported '. rest- ing upon his bosom.- bcr prefs his 1 in he atcs after she ! torn from her, I carried av did DOC mulr ;• be :e. ,( IV: •' ro exert , but their m< h he an in tor ever prevent recovering perfect tranquillity. What a d ractei is his for i id to r ! " I have pa bim to return immediately to Engl..: ompanyhim; for he is not in a state to travel alone. :ict ao HOME. he is with you the better : here he can only find nourishment to his grief : the society of his friends may soften it *' I inclose a letter to Mifs Ornville, which was written by his wife a few days before his arrival. In giving it to me, she expressed an earnest desire to be most gratefully remember- ed to Sir John and Lady Ornville j to you, and to Mrs. Almorne " Adieu, my dear friend •, believe me, " Most faithfully your's, Altona, Dec. 30. " Francis ArmiGbr." This letter could not be communicated to Sir John and Lady Ornville ; but Mrs. Almorne informed them, in the gentlest manner, of the death of Lydia. It proved a heavy addition to their affliction. They had been displeased with Frederic for his marriage, but her youth and amiable disposition prevented their feeling any disapprobation of her. As she advanced in years, their esteem HOME. 21 for her increased ; she likewise became endear- ed to them by their fondnefs for her children j and they now lamented her death, both from their regard for herself, and from the severe lofs which they considered it to her husband and family. Mr Armiger's letter, "Mrs. Almorne gave to Constantia. The sad fate of Lydia rouzed every amiable and tender feeling of her heart, and filled it with aogoi I ions she hitherto met with, had either admitted hope of remedy, or were accompanied by some coun- teracting circumstance; but here there was no hope ; — nor a single consolatory reflection that could mitigate the severity ox the wound. She had never before mourned the death of a youthful friend ; never lost a companion, in "whose cares and joys she had participated, and to whom youth, health, ami beaut;- I to promise a long and happy life. She was shock- ed with the contemplation of life that now opened to her view, and death, with all its train of horrors, rose to her imagination, with that gloomy despair, which renders its first appear- ance to a young mind peculiarly affecting \ and 11 HOME. which religion alone has the power of alleviat- ing. The letter of Lydia to herself, contained the following lines: u I know you will be a mother to my chil- dren.— Forget not entirely her who gave them birth, and forgive her errors. " Next to my husband and children, you have long been the dearest object of my affec- tion •, my last prayers will be for you, and for those, for whose happinefs I die." " Lydia Ornvjlle." NOME. 21 CHAPTER III. o ften :antia read the last lines of Lydia, with floods of tears, and every moment that she pafscd alone, she indulged in burrow to her memory \ but the state of her father ar.d mother left little time at her di For some years, Sir John had been subject to fits of the gout, but t! neither frequent nor severe. 1 now attacked by one w: confined him to his apartment, without giving him much trouble. Lady Ornvillc attended him with great care and tendernefs, and from anxiety to support his spiri tvoured to conceal her own su: ings, though his illnefs made her feel more se- verely the distrefses which preyed upon her mind. Unsupported by his exertions, and thrown out of the ordinary routine of employ- 24 HOME. ments, which often gave a temporary check te her melancho'y* her grief strengthened hourly, and she frequently retired to indulge it in pri- vate Mrs Almorne and Constantia saw with much concern this inclination to solitude, and watch- ed her steps with such vigilant care, that she was never permitted to remain more than a few minutes alone ; till one evening, being unusu- ally overcome by the train of her melancholy reflections, she wandered to a remote and un- frequented part of the house, where she might give way undisturbed to the misery that op- prefsed her. She had left Sir John's chamber but a few minutes, before Constantia followed in quest of her, but not finding her in any of the rooms she expected, she sought her for a considerable time through the various apartments of the Abbey, before she discovered her> sitting almost be- numbed with cold. The room she had quitted was warm ; the one she had removed to, was, from the wetnefs of the weather, both cold and damp. HOME. Constantia immediately pi :pon her to leave it, and took every precaution to obviate the bad effects which might be dreaded from the sudden transition she had experienced ; but notwithstanding all her care, Lady Ornvill* was seized with a col .vo days she .ily. continued her attendance upon Sir John, without paying any intention to herself, except taking occasionally a few drops uf hartshorn to support her spirits, and at night a dose of lau- danum to procure lleep \ and on the third d :j was so ill as to be obliged to go to bed. Doctor Welby was ins: i pre- scribed rcir.edies, but at the same t: to Mrs. Almornc, that he thought her illness alarming. Her cold, he said, -would pro- bably have proved iritliug, had it been properly attended to, but from now as- sumed an appearance that threatened fatal con- sequences. Lady Omville herself teamed to think I. nefs dangerous, : to be sent for, that &he night always have htm V. B 26 HOME. one of her children with her, during the little time she had, perhaps, to live. Constantia attended her till Lady Horndon's arrival, when Lady Ornville desired that she would go to Sir John, and remain constantly with him. Constantia intreated that she might be permitted to continue with her, as her father did not require her assistance, and it would be sufficient for him, if she saw him occasionally. But her mother persisted in her request, say- ing, if she regarded her peace, she must make her father the first object of her care -, but de- sired that she would come often — very often, and see her. Sir John, from whom it was impofsible to conceal her illnefs a moment, was no lefs de- sirous that Constantia should be constantly with her mother, but when informed how anxious she was about him, he consented that Constan- tia should divide her time between them. " Your mother, my dear," he said, " was always most careful and affectionate when I was ill, and I would not now distress her by refus- HOME. 27 ing your attendance entirely ; but tell her that she will render me very unhappy, if she does not permit you to be much with her." Lady Ornville with some difficulty agreed to this, faying, she did it the more readily, as she believed her illnefs would not last long. Till the next day there was little alteration in her disorder, but she then appeared sensibly worse. Lady Horndon and Constantia sat now con- stantly by her bedside, and she frequently join- ed their hands in hers, desiring that they would be kind to, and love each other. She often in- quired after their father with the most anxious solicitude, and conjured them to pay him every attention. She prayed for him fervently, and for all her children and grandchildren, and ear- nestly wished that she could see them. She very frequently asked if Frederic and his sons were arrived, and exprefsed much anxiety for their safety ; but the mention of them al- ways brought Philip with fresh agitation to her remembrance. Whenever she bid Constantia B2 2$ HOME. be careful of Frederic's children, which she of- ten did, she added, u be good to Melfont's." As she grewworse, she thought of her husband and children with increasing anxiety ; — she of- ten called upon them, with the most affecting exprefsions of tendernefs, and repeatedly spoke of Philip with a sorrow which seemed to over- whelm her ; she implored her daughters to let her again see her dear Philip when he was a boy, " Bring me," she cried, " my little Philip, as he was at seven years old " In the evening she grew so ill, that she could not articulate, and at midnight, after many struggles, expired. Constantia clung to the lifelefs form of her mother, and could with difficulty be separated from her. The grief and tendernefs of her sis- ter drew her at length away, and for some time they indulged their affliction in the arms of each other. HOME. 2£ The distrefs of Lady Horndon was great, but the sufferings of Constantia were far more se- vere, and rendered Mrs. Almorne unwilling to restrain the effusions of her grief till the morn- ing was far advanced, when she reminded her, that it was near the time her father would ex- pect her, and, for his sake, she hoped that she would command her feelings. At the sound of his name she was calmed ; her countenance retained the traces of sorrow, but her manner became composed, for all con- sideration of herself was lost in anxiety for him. At an early hour he sent for her. Mrs Al- morne inquired of the servant if Sir John knew of Lady Ornville's death, and was told he did not, for though he had frequently asked after her, his attendants knowing at midnight that she could not long survive, avoided informing themselves farther, that he might remain igno- rant till the return of day. Mrs. Almorne, sensible that the event could no longer be concealed from him, accompanied B3 3« HOME. Constantia to his apartment, believing that her presence might be of service to both, Sir John cast his eyes eagerly towards them as they drew near his bed. " My wife is worse !" he exclaimed ; but when Mrs. Ai- morne, without answering, put Constantia's hand in his, " She is gone !" he faintly articu- lated, and sunk upon the bed. He hid his face from their view, but betrayed no other sign of sorrow. Mrs. Almorne and Constantia sat in silence by his bed-side, and, but for the solemn still- nefs which reigned in the house, it could not have been known for the place of mourning. HOME. 31 CHAPTER IV. o orne'fl returning to Lady Horn- don, she found hci r Robert, who had come I c after L ... I ifc. Lady Ilorndon ei an earnest desire to see her father, if Mrs. Almornc thought their log would not be injurious to him* norne believed it would rather be be- : .1, as she imagined nothi" I soften his affliction more than tl.' of the members of his family in htpj conduct Ilorndon to bcr, and, approaching him softly, Lady Horndon earnestly wished to DC pt ted to sec. B4 r 32 HOME. He raised himself immediately, and held out- his hand to his daughter, who threw her arms about his neck, and wept upon his bosom. He appeared deeply affected, but for some time did not speak y then, addrefsing her, he said, " My dear child, your tendernefs is con- solatory to me, but the indulgence of grief is not good for you $ you must remember your husband and children, and take care of your- self.— Return to your family to-day, andl«|me see you again to-morrow. The sight of your children will soften your grief, and you will: teach them by your goodnefs, to love and re- spect you, and be to you dutiful and affection- ate, as you ever were to your mother." Lady Horndon took leave of him, and re- turned with Mrs. Almorne to Sir Robert. On the first apprehension of Lady Ornville's danger, Mrs. Almorne wrote to Mr. Hanway of it, and requested, if Frederic was returned, and able to bear the journey, that he would im- mediately come to Ornville, and bring his sons with him. She believed that his presence would be of the greatest service to his family, and HOME. 33 hoped the exertion he would be under the ne- cessity of making, upon their account, would be beneficial to himself, She now received a letter from Mr Han way, informing her that he had been on the point of writing to let her know of Frederic's safe arri- val, when he received her letter, and that she might expect him immediately at the Abbey. She carried Mr. H.mway's letter instantly to orr John, to whom it afforded much satisfaction. It relieved him, he said, of great anxiety about Frederic, and the prospect of seeing him was one of the greatest consolations he could re- ceive. He then desired her to take Constantia away, that she might not sutler by being too much with him ; but Constantia declaring that she should be infinitely worse if they were sepa- rated, and Mrs. Almornc agreeing with her, he consented to her remaining. B> 34 HOME. CHAPTER V. he next day Frederic arrived. Mrs. Al- morne received him alone, and with all the firmnefs she could afsume ; but he was so much overcome, that she was wholly unable to ad- drefs him. When he spoke, it was to make inquiries about his mother, of whose death he had been informed before he entered the house. She answered his questions with the minute- nefs he seemed to wish, but when he discover- ed the causes to which his mother's illnefs and death might be attributed, he grasped her hand with the strongest emotion, and exclaimed, " Gracious God ! what do I not owe to you ! — Had it not been for the empire which your virtues have given you over me, I too might have had a share in the destruction of my mo- HOME. 35 ther; and the remorse I suffer on account of the generous being I have destroyed, would have been " He stopt and hurried out of the room. Mrs. Almorne would not immediately intrude upon his sorrow by following him, but after some time she went to him in the next apart- ment, whither he had retired. He had thrown himself upon the floor, but on her en- trance, he hastily arose, and advancing towards her, said that he wished to see his father, about whom he anxiously inquired. When Mrs. Almorne had given him the in- formation he desired, she added, " You have so much cause to be reconciled to yourself, my dear Frederic, that I cannot, without the utmost regret, see the distrefs you fuffer •, show me that you will, at this moment, allow your father's sorrows to predominate over yours." She then left him to prepare his father to re- ceive him, but she was not a minute absent ; for Sir John no sooner heard of his arrival; than, he desired to see him. 36 HOME. Their meeting was extremely affectionate, but lefs melancholy than Mrs. Almorne expect- ed. Frederic summoned all his fortitude, and his father appeared to acquire spirit from the sight of him. He said that he felt his presence a consolation and support, which he stood greatly in need of. He cast, however, a sorrowful look on the sable dress of Frederic, saying, '< I grieve, my son, for the lofs you have sustained, far more than for my own ; my days are nearly over — I shall soon follow your mother/' Seeing Frederic much affected, he condemned himself for what he had said, arid endeavoured to suggest soothing ideas by asking after his sons. Being told they had come with him, he de- sired to see them, and when they were brought, he kifsed them with great affection, and having blefsed them, said, " sweet boys ! you little know this world of sorrow you are entering, but you are fortunate in a father, who will ever prove a faithful friend and guardian/* These words carried Frederic precipitately HOME. 37 to the other end of the room, when Mrs. Al- morne took the opportunity to whisper Sir John, that he could not at present, bear the mention of his wife and children. " Bring him back then," he replied, n and I will talk to him only of businefs*" When he returned, " my dear Frederic," said his father, " to you I commit those cares, which should have been mine, had my health permitted it ; you will do every thing as I could wish. Write to your brothers, that they may come here if they please ; but do not let me see them, — they have killed their mother !" A long silence ensued, which was broken by Sir John's saying to his son, " my friend, this is not the way to comfort you, but I trust that you will support us all. Take Mrs. Almorne and Constantia away -, they require rest and re- freshment, and a few hours hence, I shall see you again." They objected much to leaving him, but he earnestly desired to be alone, and promised to recall them soon. 38 HOME. They retired, and about two hours after Dr. Welby arrived, whom Frederic accompa- nied to his father's apartment. Sir John received the Doctor, who was his highly esteemed friend, with apparent tranquil- lity, and said he imagined that he was much better than he expected. Dr. Welby replied, that he believed his son. was the best physician for him at present, ne- verthelefs, he must request that he might be kept as tranquil as possible. " I am so much of your opinion, Sir/' re- joined Sir John, " that when you came, I was just going to send for my family to wish them good night. I beg that you will do me the fa- vour to make them take some care of them- selves, and leave me entirely to yours." Frederic entreated that he would permit him. to pafs the night in his apartment, but Sir John would not consent to it, and made him promise that he would go early to bed, to recover the fatigue of his journey. HOMF- 27 CHAPTER XL E arly in the morning, Constantia stole un- perceivcd to the apartment where her mother lay, to which Mrs. Almorne had denied her ac- cefs the night before. She knelt beside the corpse, and bathing it with her tears, g^\e unbounded way to her sor- row. For a long time, she was so overwhelm- ed with grief, as to be incapable of reflection, — but recovering in some degree, she contemplated with wonder the awful change a few hours had produced, a change which she had never be- fore seen. Soon, however, hurried away by the violence of her afiliction, she fancied the whole a delu- sion, and wildly called upon her mother to an- swer to her voice. But those accents, which had once had so powerful an influence ov :r her 40 HOME. mother, could be heard by her no more. That countenance, which she had been accustomed to behold with such melting tendernefs, — to see beaming with kindnefs, and testifying all a mother's fondnefs, was now cold and ina- nimate— insensible to every feeling ! Absorbed in grief, Constantia did not perceive the entrance of Mrs. Almorne, who stood for some minutes silently observing her. She then advanced, and taking her gently by the hand, said that her father had been inquiring for her. Constantia instantly rose, and was led away by Mrs. Almorne. Upon asking how her fa- ther did, she was told that he had pafsed a sleeplefs night, and had been impatient for the time when he expected to see her, but would not permit her to be called at an earlier hour. She stopt a moment to compose herself, and then went to his chamber, where she was in- stantly struck with the change which had taken place in his appearance. He seemed pale, feeble, and many years older than he had been the preceding day, although his aspect was more serene, than she had long seen it. HOME. 41 "How sweet are you to me, my love,'' said he, as she approached, and took the hand, which he held out to her -y — " the soft sound of your steps, brings peace to my troubled mind. You have the power of giving me a delight,, which even your death could not wholly de- prive me of, for I should still remember what you were, and be rich in the remembrance ! ' Constantia threw herself on the bed, and clasped him in her arms > — her emotions testi- fied unutterable sensations. <f Compose yourself, my beloved child," said he, u I can bear my own sorrows, but not yours." She endeavoured to calm her feelings, and had soon the satisfaction to see her father re- stored to the serene state in which she had found him, while he still tenderly exprefsed the comfort she afforded him. Dr. Welby and Frederic entered, while her countenance yet betrayed the agitation she had been under. The former addrefsing her fa- ther, said, " I fear, Sir, that Mifs Ornville is 42 HOME. not so good a nurse as could be wished, and I must administer to ycu both, by strictly en- joining her not to risque injuring you, by such affecting behaviour." <c It was my fault, Sir," replied Sir John, u and it shall not happen again. Take her a- way, Frederic ; this place is not good for her." Constantia immediately withdrew, making a sign to her brother to remain.. When Dr. Welby left Sir John, he told Mrs. Almorne before Constantia, that it was abso- lutely necessary he should be kept as free from agitation as pofsible, as the distrefs of mind he had suffered, with want of sleep and of suste- nance, had produced a state of debility, the con- sequences of which, if not carefully guarded against, might be fatah This was more than sufficient to prevent Con- stantia from again betraying her feelings before her father. She returned to him composed, and soon after, Mrs. Almorne and Frederic came into the room, and sat down near him without speaking. HOME. 43 After some time pafsed in silence, Sir John, looking at them with a serious, but placid coun- tenance, thus addrefsed them : u Let not what I am going to say, my friends, distrefs you. My death will not be accelerated by my being prepared for it, and it is fit that I should leave nothing undone, which can contri- bute to render it peaceful. — Listen, therefore, to the few words that I have to say without uneasinefs, for I may live long with you ; but as I must die, and perhaps unexpectedly, I will now mention what I should be sorry to leave unsaid. My pecuniary affairs are entirely settled ; I have no directions to give about them ; I have only to wish, Frederic, that your dear boys may inherit my property We little imagine what is to befall us ! A few years ago, I could not have believed it pofsible, that I should one day rejoice in the prospect of Hastings having no children, — yet so it is." 11 I wish," resumed Sir John, after a pause, 11 to live, and hope I shall still live, to see you, Constantia, the wife of Valmonsor ; but though I should not have that happinefs, I trust that 44 HOME. you will never be in any respect disappointed in the expectations which I have formed of him. In the mean while, you, Frederic, will be a fa- ther to her, and she will, as far as it is in her power, supply to your children the loss of their mother. " In whatever situation you are placed, my children, remember that you owe more to Mrs. Almorne for her disinterested kindnefs, — her unwearied exertions for your welfare, than you ever did to me. She has been a mother to you both, and will, I know, continue to regard you with parental care.— -You cannot love her too much ; you cannot honour her too highly, — to respect her, is to respect virtue." Sir John ceased, and Mrs. Almorne was at- tempting to speak, when, with a benevolent smile, as if he perfectly understood what she would say, he made a sign to her to be silent, and she complied. Frederic and Constantia dared not trust their voices to reply, but their countenances were sufficiently exprefsive. HOME. 45 CHAPTER VII. o n the return of Dr. Welby in the after- noon, he found Sir John considerably worse, and he confefstd to Mrs. Almorne, that he thought his state alarming. The gout, he said, had attacked him in the most favourable man- ner before Lady Ornville's death •, but from the situation into which he had since been thrown, it now appeared to be disordering his whole frame, and, he feared, would terminate fatally. The Doctor's opinion proved but too just.— Sir John became gradually worse for two days, and, after suffering severe pain, upon the third 46 HOME. day fell into a state of insensibility, in which he continued till the next morning at one o'clock, when he expired. This heavy stroke overcame the firmnefs even of Mrs. Almorne. — Dr. Welby seemed at first the only person capable of recollection. He had Constantia, who. was nearly as insensible as her father, carried to her apartment j he con- ducted Mrs. Almorne and Frederic from the scene of their affliction, and did every thing in his power to soften their distrefs, and awaken their fortitude. Fie succeeded with the first by exciting her concern for Mifs Ornville, and with the latter, by reminding him of the duties he had to per- form. Mrs. Almorne went to the chamber of Con- stantia, whom she found lying on her bed, not insensible, but perfectly quiet. After remain- HOME. 47 ing with her a few minutes, she left her to the care of her maid, and returned to the apartment of her revered friend, to see that he was attend- ed in the manner she wished. This sad duty fulfilled, she returned to Con- stantia, who still remained quid and, sitting down by her, resolved to watch her till the re- turn of day. 48 HOME, CHAPTER VIII. il few hours made no change in the state of Constantia. She appeared sunk in a lethargy of wo, from which Mrs. Almorne did not wish to awake her, believing that she suffered lefs from it, than she would do in any other way in which her affliction could affect her. v At eight o'clock, she received a mefsage from Dr. Welby to inquire after her and Constantia, as he was going to leave Ornville, but would re- turn in the evening, accompanied by Mrs. Wei* by, whose presence, he hoped, might be of ser- vice to her and Mifs Ornville. Mrs. Almorne answered his inquiries, adding that she had intended to request the favour of Mrs. Welby's company, which would afford much consolation to her and the family. She HOME. f49 then made inquiries after Frederic, and was in- formed that he was employed in answering a letter he had just received by exprefs from his eldest brother. Anxious to know the contents of the letter, she went to him immediately, and upon her en- tering the room, he said, " Here is a letter from Hastings' servant, Nelson, written at his mas- ter's desire to inform me, that he has been taken so ill on his way here, as to be obliged to stop at Canterbury. He hopes to proceed on his journey in a day or two, but in the meanwhile is anxious to know how my father does. — I have written the little that is necessary in reply, and have desired his instructions respecting things here, till he is able to come to himself." " I shall not be sorry," replied Mrs. Almorne, M if his illnefs should detain him at Canterbury till the funeral is ever. I wish you and Con- stantia to be out of this house before he comes to it, and I shall take her away the moment your father's Will has been read." Frederic made no answer, but a minute after, taking a letter from a heap of papers which lay Volume V. C 5* HOME. on a table, he said, " This is a letter from Phi- lip ; he says, as my father is ill, he is unwilling to come to Ornville, for he does not suppose he wishes to see him at present, and his being here without seeing him, would be very unpleasant." H I shall not regret his absence either," said Mrs. Almorne ; " his presence could afford no satisfaction to you, and would be very painful to his sister." " How is she ?" u In a torpid state, which is the best her si- tuation admits of. She suffers severely, but in a few days she will be far more unhappy •, mi- sery has, in some degree, benumbed her facul- ties at present." " How severe is misery !" " It is, my friend ; — but it is peculiarly sad, that you, who are so young, should know its language." " Many, who are younger than I, have never known another." HOME. 61 u True ; and it is even misery to know this : age and affliction are natural companions, but it is grievous to see the young suffering calamity." " There is no remedy for the affliction of old or young but employment ; we must force our- selves to it." n I am glad/' said Mrs. Almonte* casting her eye on the tabic, " that you have got occupa- " Yes, I have many letters to write, but most :>f those you see, are only inquiries about my father, which came this morning. The answer will be felt by many." " It will, * for rarely will they sec his like. |
2014/02008R0798-20141003/02008R0798-20141003_EN.txt_1 | Eurlex | CC-By | Consolidated TEXT: 32008R0798 — EN — 03.10.2014 2008R0798 — EN — 03.10.2014 — 019.001 This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents ►B COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 798/2008 of 8 August 2008 laying down a list of third countries, territories, zones or compartments from which poultry and poultry products may be imported into and transit through the Community and the veterinary certification requirements (Text with EEA relevance) (OJ L 226, 23.8.2008, p.1) Amended by: Official Journal No page date ►M1 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1291/2008 of 18 December 2008 L 340 22 19.12.2008 ►M2 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 411/2009 of 18 May 2009 L 124 3 20.5.2009 ►M3 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 215/2010 of 5 March 2010 L 76 1 23.3.2010 M4 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 241/2010 of 8 March 2010 L 77 1 24.3.2010 ►M5 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 254/2010 of 10 March 2010 L 80 1 26.3.2010 M6 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 332/2010 of 22 April 2010 L 102 10 23.4.2010 M7 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 925/2010 of 15 October 2010 L 272 1 16.10.2010 ►M9 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 955/2010 of 22 October 2010 L 279 3 23.10.2010 ►M11 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 364/2011 of 13 April 2011 L 100 30 14.4.2011 M12 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 427/2011 of 2 May 2011 L 113 3 3.5.2011 M13 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 536/2011 of 1 June 2011 L 147 1 2.6.2011 M14 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 991/2011 of 5 October 2011 L 261 19 6.10.2011 ►M15 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1132/2011 of 8 November 2011 L 290 1 9.11.2011 ►M16 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1380/2011 of 21 December 2011 L 343 25 23.12.2011 M17 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 110/2012 of 9 February 2012 L 37 50 10.2.2012 M18 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 393/2012 of 7 May 2012 L 123 27 9.5.2012 M19 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 532/2012 of 21 June 2012 L 163 1 22.6.2012 M20 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1162/2012 of 7 December 2012 L 336 17 8.12.2012 M21 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 88/2013 of 31 January 2013 L 32 8 1.2.2013 M22 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 191/2013 of 5 March 2013 L 62 22 6.3.2013 M23 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 437/2013 of 8 May 2013 L 129 25 14.5.2013 M24 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 519/2013 of 21 February 2013 L 158 74 10.6.2013 ►M25 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 556/2013 of 14 June 2013 L 164 13 18.6.2013 ►M26 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 866/2013 of 9 September 2013 L 241 4 10.9.2013 M27 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1204/2013 of 25 November 2013 L 316 6 27.11.2013 M28 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 166/2014 of 17 February 2014 L 54 2 22.2.2014 ►M29 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 952/2014 of 4 September 2014 L 273 1 13.9.2014 Corrected by: C1 Corrigendum, OJ L 124, 20.5.2010, p. 10 (215/2010) ▼B COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 798/2008 of 8 August 2008 laying down a list of third countries, territories, zones or compartments from which poultry and poultry products may be imported into and transit through the Community and the veterinary certification requirements (Text with EEA relevance) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Having regard to Council Directive 90/539/EEC of 15 October 1990 on animal health conditions governing intra-Community trade in, and imports from third countries of, poultry and hatching eggs ( 1 ), and in particular Article 21(1), Article 22(3) Article 23, Article 24(2) and Articles 26 and 27a thereof, Having regard to Council Directive 91/496/EEC of 15 July 1991 laying down the principles governing the organisation of veterinary checks on animals entering the Community from third countries and amending Directives 89/662/EEC, 90/425/EEC and 90/675/EEC ( 2 ), and in particular Articles 10 and 18 thereof, Having regard to Council Directive 96/23/EC of 29 April 1996 on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products and repealing Directives 85/358/EEC and 86/469/EEC and Decisions 89/187/EEC and 91/664/EEC ( 3 ), and in particular the fourth subparagraph of Article 29(1), thereof, Having regard to Council Directive 97/78/EC of 18 December 1997 laying down the principles governing the organisation of veterinary checks on products entering the Community from third countries ( 4 ), and in particular Article 22(1) thereof, Having regard to Council Directive 2002/99/EC of 16 December 2002 laying down the animal health rules governing the production, processing, distribution and introduction of products of animal origin for human consumption ( 5 ), and in particular Article 8, Article 9(2)(b) and Article 9(4) thereof, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the control of salmonella and other specified food-borne zoonotic agents ( 6 ), and in particular Article 10(2) thereof, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin ( 7 ), and in particular Article 9 thereof, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption ( 8 ), and in particular Article 11(1) thereof,Whereas: (1) Directive 90/539/EEC lays down animal health conditions governing imports into the Community from third countries of poultry and hatching eggs. (2)
Directive 2002/99/EC lays down rules governing the introduction from third countries of products of animal origin and products obtained there from intended for human consumption. It provides that such products are only to be imported into the Community if they comply with the requirements applicable to all stages of the production, processing and distribution of those products in the Community or if they offer equivalent animal health guarantees.
(3)
Commission Decision 2006/696/EC of 28 August 2006 laying down a list of third countries from which poultry, hatching eggs, day-old chicks, meat of poultry, ratites and wild game-birds, eggs and egg products and specified pathogen-free eggs may be imported into and transit through the Community and the applicable veterinary certification conditions (
9
) sets out a list of third countries from which the commodities concerned may be imported into, and transit through, the Community and lays down the veterinary certification conditions.
(4)
Commission Decision 93/342/EEC of 12 May 1993 laying down the criteria for classifying third countries with regard to avian influenza and Newcastle disease in relation to imports of live poultry and hatching eggs (
10
) and Commission Decision 94/438/EC of 7 June 1994 laying down the criteria for classifying third countries and parts thereof with regard to avian influenza and Newcastle disease in relation to imports of fresh poultrymeat (
11
) lay down criteria for classifying third countries with regard to avian influenza and Newcastle disease in relation to imports of live poultry, hatching eggs and poultrymeat.
(5)
Community legislation for the control of avian influenza has recently been updated by Council Directive 2005/94/EC of 20 December 2005 on Community measures for the control of avian influenza (
12
), to take account of the most recent scientific knowledge and developments on the epidemiology of avian influenza in the Community and worldwide. The scope of the control measures to be applied in the event of an outbreak has been extended from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to deal also with outbreaks of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), and to introduce compulsory active surveillance for avian influenza and a wider use of vaccination against this disease.
(6)
Imports from third countries should therefore meet conditions equivalent to those applied within the Community and which are in line with the revised requirements for international trade in poultry and poultry products laid down by the standards of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the World Organisation for Animal health (OIE) (
13
) and the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (
14
) of the OIE.
(7)
Argentina and Israel have submitted their avian influenza surveillance programmes to the Commission for evaluation. The Commission has examined these programmes and they conform to the relevant Community provisions and therefore a positive evaluation of these programmes should be indicated in the column 7 of part 1 of Annex I to this Regulation.
(8)
Article 21(2) of Directive 90/539/EEC sets out certain matters that are to be taken into account when deciding whether or not a third country or part thereof maybe included in the list of third countries from which poultry and hatching eggs may be imported into the Community, such as the state of health of poultry, the regularity and rapidity of the supply of information by a third country relating to the existence of certain contagious animal diseases, including avian influenza and Newcastle disease and the rules for animal disease prevention and control in the third country concerned.
(9)
Article 8 of Directive 2002/99/EC provides that when drawing up lists of third countries or regions of third countries thereof from which imports of specified products of animal origin are permitted into the Community, particular account is to be taken of certain matters, such as the health status of livestock, the regularity, speed and accuracy with which the third country supplies information on the existence of certain infectious or contagious animal diseases in its territory, in particular avian influenza and Newcastle disease and the general health situation in the third country concerned which might pose a risk to public or animal health in the Community.
(10)
In the interests of animal health, this Regulation should provide that commodities should only be imported into the Community from third countries, territories, zones or compartments which have in place avian influenza surveillance programmes and avian influenza vaccination plans, where such vaccination is carried out.
(11)
Pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003, admission to or retention on the lists of third countries provided for in Community legislation from which Member States are authorised to import certain poultry commodities covered by that Regulation is subject to the submission to the Commission by the third country concerned of a programme equivalent to national control programmes for Salmonella to be established by the Member States, and its approval by the Commission. A positive evaluation of these programmes should be indicated in part 1 of Annex I to this Regulation.
(12)
The Community and certain third countries wish to permit trade in poultry and poultry products coming from approved compartments and therefore the principle of compartmentalisation for imports of poultry and poultry products should be further laid down in Community legislation. The compartmentalisation principle has been laid down recently by the OIE in order to facilitate world wide trade in poultry and poultry products and therefore it should be incorporated into Community legislation.
(13)
Currently Community legislation does not provide for certificates for the import into the Community of minced meat and mechanically separated meat of poultry, ratites and wild game-birds, for certain health reasons, in particular the traceability of meat used for its production. Accordingly, model veterinary certificates covering those commodities should be provided for in this Regulation following further scientific investigations.
(14)
In order to provide more flexibility in certain situations for the competent authorities for veterinary certificates purposes, and based on several requests from third countries exporting day-old chicks of poultry and ratites to the Community, this Regulation should provide that such commodities should be examined at the time of dispatch of the consignment instead of at the time of issue of the veterinary certificate.
(15)
In order to avoid any interruption in trade, imports into the Community of commodities that have been produced before the introduction of animal health restrictions, as set out in Part 1 of Annex I to this Regulation, should continue to be permitted for 90 days following the introduction of import restrictions for the commodity concerned.
(16)
Specific conditions for transit via the Community of consignments to and from Russia should be provided for owing to the geographical situation of Kaliningrad which affects only Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.
(17)
Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 of 22 October 2007 establishing a common organisation of agricultural markets and on specific provisions for certain agricultural products (Single CMO Regulation) (
15
) set out general Community health rules applicable to the import into, and transit through, the Community of the commodities covered by the Regulation.
(18)
In addition, Council Directive 96/93/EC of 17 December 1996 on the certification of animals and animal products (
16
) lays down standards of certification which are necessary to ensure valid certification and to prevent fraud. It is, therefore, appropriate to ensure in this Regulation that the rules and principles applied by third country certifying officers provide guarantees that are equivalent to those laid down in that Directive and that the model veterinary certificates laid down in this Regulation reflect only such facts as may be attested at the time the certificate is issued.
(19)
In the interests of clarity and coherence of Community legislation, Decisions 93/342/EEC, 94/438/EC and 2006/696/EC should be repealed and replaced by this Regulation.
(20)
It is appropriate to provide for a transitional period to permit Member States and industry to take the necessary measures to comply with the applicable veterinary certification requirements laid down in this Regulation.
(21)
The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
CHAPTER I
SUBJECT MATTER, SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
Article 1
Subject matter and scope
1. This Regulation lays down veterinary certification requirements for imports into and transit, including storage during transit, through the Community of the following commodities (the commodities):
(a) poultry, hatching eggs, day-old chicks and specified pathogen-free eggs;
(b) meat, minced meat and mechanically separated meat of poultry, including ratites and wild game-birds, eggs and egg products.
It lays down a list of third countries, territories, zones or compartments from which the commodities may be imported into the Community.
2. This Regulation shall not apply to poultry for exhibitions, shows or contests.
3. This Regulation shall apply without prejudice to specific certification requirements provided for in Community agreements with third countries.
CHAPTER II
GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR IMPORTS AND TRANSIT
Article 3
Lists of third countries, territories, zones or compartments of origin from which commodities may be imported into and transit through the Community
The commodities shall only be imported into and transit through the Community from the third countries, territories, zones or compartments listed in columns 1 and 3 of the table in Part 1 of Annex I.
Article 4
Veterinary certification
1. Commodities imported into the Community shall be accompanied by a veterinary certificate, as referred to in column 4 of the table in Part 1 of Annex I, for the commodity concerned, completed in accordance with the notes and the model veterinary certificates set out in Part 2 of that Annex (the certificate).
2. A declaration by the master of the ship, as set out in Annex II, shall be attached to veterinary certificates for imports of poultry and day-old chicks, where the transport of those commodities includes transport by ship, even for part of the journey.
3. Poultry, hatching eggs and day-old chicks transiting through the Community shall be accompanied by:
(a) a veterinary certificate as referred to in paragraph 1 which shall bear the words ‘for transit through the EC’, and
(b) a certificate required by the third country of destination.
4. Specified pathogen-free eggs, meat, minced meat and mechanically separated meat of poultry, ratites and wild game-birds, eggs and egg products transiting through the Community shall be accompanied by a certificate drawn up in accordance with the model certificate set out in Annex XI and complying with the conditions set out therein.
5. For the purposes of this Regulation, transit may include storage during transit in accordance with Articles 12 and 13 of Directive 97/78/EC.
6. Electronic certification and other agreed systems harmonised at Community level may be used.
Article 5
Conditions for imports and transit
1. Commodities imported into and transiting through the Community shall comply with the conditions laid down in Articles 6 and 7 and in Chapter III.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to single consignments of fewer than 20 units of poultry other than ratites, hatching eggs or day-old chicks thereof. However, such single consignments may only be imported from third countries, territories, zones or compartments thereof that are approved for such imports and they comply with the following conditions:
(a) third country, territory, zone or compartment is listed in columns 1 and 3 of the table in Part 1 of Annex I and column 4 of that table provides for a model veterinary certificate for the commodity concerned;
(b) they are not covered by an import ban for animal health reasons;
(c) the importation conditions include the requirement for post-import isolation or quarantine.
3. Commodities referred to in paragraph 1 shall comply with the following:
(a) the additional guarantees, as specified in column 5 of the table in Part 1 of Annex I;
(b) the specific conditions set out in column 6, and where appropriate, the closing dates set out in column 6A and the opening dates set out in column 6B, of the table in Part 1 of Annex I;
(c) the animal health additional guarantees, where required by the Member State of destination and referred to in the certificate;
(d) the restrictions in relation to the approval of a Salmonella control programme, shall only apply when indicated in the appropriate column of the table in Part 1 of Annex I.
Article 6
Examination, sampling and testing procedures
Where examination, sampling and testing for avian influenza, Mycoplasma, Newcastle disease, Salmonella, and other pathogens of animal or public health significance is required for imports of commodities into the Community in accordance with the certificates, such commodities shall only be imported into the Community where those examinations, sampling and testing have been carried out by the competent authority of the third country concerned or where appropriate by the competent authority of the Member State of destination in accordance with Annex III.
Article 7
Disease reporting requirements
Commodities shall only be imported into the Community from third countries, territories, zones or compartments, where the third country concerned:
▼M2
(a) informs the Commission of the disease situation within 24 hours of confirmation of any initial outbreaks of LPAI, HPAI or Newcastle disease;
(b) submits virus isolates from initial outbreaks of HPAI and Newcastle disease, without undue delay to the Community reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease (
18
); such virus isolates shall not be required for imports of eggs, egg products and specified pathogen-free eggs from third countries, territories, zones or compartments from which the import of such commodities into the Community is authorised;
▼B
(c) submits to the Commission regular updates on the disease situation.
CHAPTER III
ANIMAL HEALTH STATUS OF THIRD COUNTRIES, TERRITORIES, ZONES OR COMPARTMENTS OF ORIGIN WITH REGARD TO AVIAN INFLUENZA AND NEWCASTLE DISEASE
Article 8
Avian influenza free third countries, territories, zones or compartments
1. For the purposes of this Regulation, a third country, territory, zone or compartment from which commodities are imported into the Community shall be considered as free from avian influenza where:
(a) avian influenza has not been present in the third country, territory, zone or compartment for a period of at least 12 months preceding the certification by the official veterinarian;
(b) an avian influenza surveillance programme, in accordance with Article 10 has been carried out during a period of at least six months preceding the certification referred to in point (a) of this paragraph where required in the certificate.
2. Where an outbreak of avian influenza occurs in a third country, territory, zone or compartment previously free of that disease, as referred to in paragraph 1, that third country, territory, zone or compartment shall again be considered as free from avian influenza provided the following conditions have been met:
(a) in the case of HPAI, a stamping out policy has been implemented to control the disease;
(b) in the case of LPAI, either a stamping out policy has been implemented or the poultry have been slaughtered to control the disease;
(c) adequate cleansing and disinfection has been carried out on all previously infected establishments;
(d) avian influenza surveillance has been carried out in accordance with Part II of Annex IV during a three-month period following completion of the cleansing and disinfection referred to in point (c) of this paragraph with negative results.
Article 9
HPAI free third countries, territories, zones and compartments
1. For the purposes of this Regulation, a third country, territory, zone or compartment from which commodities are imported into the Community shall be considered as free from HPAI where that disease has not been present in the third country, territory, zone or compartment for a period of at least 12 months preceding the certification by the official veterinarian.
2. Where an outbreak of HPAI occurs in a third country, territory, zone or compartment previously free of that disease as referred to in paragraph 1, that third country, territory, zone or compartment shall again be considered as free of HPAI, provided the following conditions are met:
(a) a stamping out policy has been implemented to control the disease, including adequate cleansing and disinfection carried out on all previously infected establishments;
(b) avian influenza surveillance has been carried out in accordance with Part II of Annex IV during a three-month period following completion of the stamping out policy and cleansing and disinfection referred to in point (a).
Article 10
Avian influenza surveillance programmes
Where an avian influenza surveillance programme is required in the certificate, commodities shall only be imported into Community from third countries, territories, zones or compartments where:
(a) the third country, territory, zone or compartment has had in place for a period of at least six months an avian influenza surveillance programme, which is indicated in column 7 of the table in Part 1 of Annex I, and that programme meets the requirements:
(i) set out in Part I of Annex IV; or
(ii) of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the OIE (
19
);
(b) the third country informs the Commission of any changes to its avian influenza surveillance programme.
Article 11
Vaccination against avian influenza
Where vaccination against avian influenza is carried out in third countries, territories, zones or compartments, poultry or other commodities derived from vaccinated poultry shall only be imported into the Community, where:
(a) the third country carries out vaccination against avian influenza in accordance with a vaccination plan indicated in column 8 of the table in Part 1 of Annex I, and that plan meets the requirements set out in Annex V;
(b) the third country informs the Commission of any changes to its avian influenza vaccination plan.
Article 12
Newcastle disease free third countries, territories, zones and compartments
1. For the purposes of this Regulation, a third country, territory, zone or compartment from which commodities are imported into the Community shall be considered as free from Newcastle disease where the following conditions are met:
(a) no outbreaks of Newcastle disease have occurred in poultry in the third country, territory, zone or compartment for a period of at least 12 months preceding the certification by the official veterinarian;
(b) no vaccination against Newcastle disease using vaccines that do not comply with the criteria for recognised Newcastle disease vaccines set out in Annex VI has been carried out for at least the period referred to in point (a) of this paragraph.
2. Where an outbreak of Newcastle disease occurs in a third country, territory, zone or compartment previously free from that disease, as referred to in paragraph 1, that third country, territory, zone or compartment shall again be considered as free from that disease provided the following conditions are met:
(a) a stamping out policy has been implemented to control the disease;
(b) adequate cleansing and disinfection has been carried out on all previously infected establishments;
(c) during a period of at least three months following the completion of the stamping out policy and cleansing and disinfection referred to in points (a) and (b):
(i) the competent authority of a the third country can demonstrate the absence of that disease in the third country, territory, zone or compartment by intensified investigations including laboratory testing in relation to the outbreak;
(ii) no vaccination against Newcastle disease using vaccines that do not comply with the criteria for recognised Newcastle disease vaccines set out in Annex VI has been carried out.
Article 13
Derogations concerning the use of vaccines against Newcastle disease
1. For commodities referred to in Article 1(1)(a), and by way of derogation from Article 12(1)(b) and Article 12(2)(c)(ii), a third country, territory, zone or compartment shall be considered as free from Newcastle disease where the following conditions are met:
(a) the third country, territory, zone or compartment allows the use of vaccines which comply with the general criteria set out in Part I of Annex VI, but not with the specific criteria set out in Part II of that Annex;
(b) the additional health requirements set out in Part I of Annex VII are complied with.
2. For commodities referred to in Article 1(1)(b), and by way of derogation from Article 12(1)(b) and Article 12(2)(c)(ii), a third country, territory, zone or compartment from which imports of poultrymeat into the Community are authorised, shall be considered as free from Newcastle disease where the additional health requirements laid down in Part II of Annex VII are complied with.
CHAPTER IV
SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR IMPORTS
Article 14
Specific conditions for imports of poultry, hatching eggs and day-old chicks
1. In addition to the conditions laid down in Chapters II and III, the following specific conditions shall apply to imports of:
(a) breeding and productive poultry other than ratites, hatching eggs and day-old chicks other than of ratites, the requirements set out in Annex VIII;
(b) ratites for breeding and production, hatching eggs and day-old chicks thereof, the requirements set out in Annex IX.
2. The conditions provided for in paragraph 1 shall not apply to single consignments of less than 20 units of poultry other than, ratites, hatching eggs or day-old chicks thereof.
Article 15
Specific conditions for imports of specified pathogen-free eggs
In addition to the requirements provided for in Articles 3 to 6, specified pathogen-free eggs imported into the Community shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) they shall be marked with a stamp bearing the ISO code of the third country of origin and the approval number of the establishment of origin;
(b) each package of specified pathogen-free eggs must only contain eggs from the same third country of origin, establishment and consignor, and must bear at least the following particulars:
(i) the information shown on the eggs as provided for in point (a);
(ii) a clearly visible and legible indication that the consignment contains specified pathogen-free eggs;
(iii) the consignor’s name or business name and address.
(c) specified pathogen-free eggs imported into the Community must be transported directly to their final destination after import controls have been completed satisfactorily.
Article 16
Specific conditions for transport of poultry and day-old chicks
Poultry and day-old chicks imported into the Community shall not be:
(a) loaded onto a means of transport carrying other poultry and day-old chicks of a lower health status;
(b) in the course of transport to the Community, shall not be moved through nor unloaded in a third country, territory, zone or compartment from which imports of such poultry and day-old chicks into the Community are not authorised.
Article 17
Specific conditions for imports of meat of ratites
Only meat derived from ratites which have undergone the protective measures in relation to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, laid down in Part II of Annex X, may be imported into the Community.
CHAPTER V
SPECIFIC CONDITIONS FOR TRANSIT
▼M15
Article 18
Derogations for transit through Latvia, Lithuania and Poland
1. By way of derogation from Article 4(4), transit by road or by rail shall be authorised between the border inspection posts in Latvia, Lithuania and Poland listed in the Annex to Commission Decision 2009/821/EC (
20
), of consignments of meat, minced meat and mechanically separated meat of poultry including ratites and wild game-birds, eggs and egg products and specified pathogen-free eggs coming from and bound for Russia, directly or via another third country, where the following conditions are met:
(a) the consignment is sealed with a serially numbered seal by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry in Latvia, Lithuania or Poland;
(b) the documents accompanying the consignment, as provided for in Article 7 of Directive 97/78/EC, are stamped with the words ‘ONLY FOR TRANSIT TO RUSSIA VIA THE EU’ on each page by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry in Latvia, Lithuania or Poland;
(c) the procedural requirements provided for in Article 11 of Directive 97/78/EC are complied with;
(d) the consignment is certified as acceptable for transit on the common veterinary entry document issued by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry in Latvia, Lithuania or Poland.
▼M26
2. By way of derogation from Article 4(4), transit by road or rail shall be authorised between the border inspection posts in Lithuania listed in the Annex to Decision 2009/821/EC, of consignments of eggs, egg products and poultry meat coming from Belarus and bound for the Russian territory of Kaliningrad, where the following conditions are met:
▼M15
(a) the consignment is sealed with a serially numbered seal by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry in Lithuania;
(b) the documents accompanying the consignment, as provided for in Article 7 of Directive 97/78/EC, are stamped with the words ‘ONLY FOR TRANSIT TO RUSSIA VIA LITHUANIA’ on each page by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry in Lithuania;
(c) the procedural requirements provided for in Article 11 of Directive 97/78/EC are complied with;
(d) the consignment is certified as acceptable for transit on the common veterinary entry document issued by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry in Lithuania.
3. The consignments, as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, may not be unloaded or put into storage, as referred to in Article 12(4) or in Article 13 of Directive 97/78/EC, within the Union.
4. Regular audits shall be conducted by the competent authority to ensure that the number of consignments, as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, and the corresponding quantities of products leaving the Union correspond with the number and quantities entering the Union.
▼M25
Article 18a
Derogation for transit through Croatia of consignments coming from Bosnia and Herzegovina and destined to third countries
1. By way of derogation from Article 4(4), the direct transit by road shall be authorised between the border inspection post of Nova Sela and the border inspection post of Ploče, of consignments of meat, minced meat and mechanically separated meat of poultry including ratites and wild game-birds, eggs and egg products and specified pathogen-free eggs coming from Bosnia and Herzegovina and bound for third countries where the following conditions are complied with:
(a) the consignment is sealed with a serially numbered seal by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry;
(b) the documents accompanying the consignment, as provided for in Article 7 of Directive 97/78/EC, are stamped with the words ‘ONLY FOR TRANSIT TO THIRD COUNTRIES VIA THE EU’ on each page by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry;
(c) the procedural requirements provided for in Article 11 of Directive 97/78/EC are complied with;
(d) the consignment is certified as acceptable for transit on the Common Veterinary Entry Document referred to in Article 2(1) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 136/2004 (
21
) by the official veterinarian at the border inspection post of entry.
2. Unloading or storage, as defined in Article 12(4) or in Article 13 of Directive 97/78/EC, of such consignments in the Union shall not be allowed.
3. Regular audits shall be made by the competent authority to ensure that the number of consignments and the quantities of products leaving the Union matches the number and quantities entering the Union.
▼B
CHAPTER VI
TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 19
Repeals
Decisions 93/342/EEC, 94/438/EC and 2006/696/EC are repealed.
References to the repealed Decisions shall be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex XII.
Article 20
Transitional provisions
Commodities in respect of which the relevant veterinary certificates have been issued in accordance with Decisions 93/342/EEC, 94/438/EC and 2006/696/EC may be imported into or transit through the Community until 15 February 2009.
Article 21
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from 1 January 2009.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
(2) Only commodities produced after this date may be imported into the Union.
(3) In accordance with the agreement between the European Union and the Swiss Confederation on trade in agricultural products (OJ L 114, 30.4.2002, p. 132).
(4) The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; provisional code that does not prejudge in any way the definitive nomenclature for this country, which will be agreed following the conclusion of negotiations currently taking place on this subject in the United Nations.
(5) Not including Kosovo, as defined by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244 of 10 June 1999.
(6) Hereafter understood as the State of Israel, excluding the territories under Israeli administration since June 1967, namely the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem and the rest of the West Bank.
▼B
PART 2
Model veterinary certificates
Model(s):
‘BPP’
:
Model veterinary certificate for breeding or productive poultry other than ratites
‘BPR’
:
Model veterinary certificate for breeding or productive ratites
‘DOC’
:
Model veterinary certificate for day-old chicks FORM than of ratites
‘DOR’
:
Model veterinary certificate for day-old chicks of ratites
‘HEP’
:
Model veterinary certificate for hatching eggs of poultry other than ratites
‘HER’
:
Model veterinary certificate for hatching eggs of ratites
‘SPF’
:
Model veterinary certificate for specified pathogen-free eggs
‘SRP’
:
Model veterinary certificate for slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking game supplies other than ratites
‘SRA’
:
Model veterinary certificate for slaughter ratites
‘POU’
:
Model veterinary certificate for meat of poultry
‘POU-MI/MSM’
:
Model veterinary certificate for minced meat and mechanically separated meat of poultry
‘RAT’
:
Model veterinary certificate for meat of farmed ratites for human consumption
‘RAT-MI/MSM’
:
Model veterinary certificate for minced meat and mechanically separated meat of farmed ratites for human consumption
‘WGM’
:
Model veterinary certificate for wild game-bird meat
‘WGM-MI/MSM’
:
Model veterinary certificate for wild game-bird minced meat and mechanically separated meat
‘E’
:
Model veterinary certificate for eggs
‘EP’
:
Model veterinary certificate for egg products
Additional guarantees (AG):
‘I’
:
Guarantees for breeding and productive ratites coming from a third country, territory or zone not free from Newcastle disease, certified in accordance with model BPR
‘II’
:
Guarantees for day-old chicks of ratites coming from a third country, territory or zone not free from Newcastle disease, certified in accordance with model DOR
‘III’
:
Guarantees for hatching eggs of ratites coming from a third country, territory or zone not free from Newcastle disease certified in accordance with model HER
▼M1 —————
▼B
‘V’
:
Guarantees for slaughter ratites coming from a third country, territory or zone not free from Newcastle disease, certified in accordance with model SRA
‘VI’
:
additional guarantees covering poultrymeat certified in accordance with model POU
‘VII’
:
additional guarantees covering meat of farmed ratites for human consumption certified in accordance with model RAT
‘VIII’
:
additional guarantees for wild game-bird meat certified in accordance with model WGM
▼M26
‘IX’
:
only transit through Lithuania of consignments of eggs, egg products and poultry meat originating in Belarus and bound for the Russian territory of Kaliningrad shall be permitted provided that Article 18(2), (3) and (4) is complied with.
▼M1
Salmonella control programme:
‘S0’
Prohibition to export into the Community breeding or productive poultry (BPP) of Gallus gallus, day-old chicks (DOC) of Gallus gallus, slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking (SRP) of Gallus gallus and hatching eggs (HEP) of Gallus gallus because a relevant Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
‘S1’
Prohibition to export into the Community breeding or productive poultry (BPP) of Gallus gallus, day-old chicks (DOC) of Gallus gallus and slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking (SRP) of Gallus gallus for other purposes than breeding, because a relevant Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
‘S2’
Prohibition to export into the Community breeding or productive poultry (BPP) of Gallus gallus, day-old chicks (DOC) of Gallus gallus and slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking (SRP) of Gallus gallus for other purposes than breeding or laying, because a relevant Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
‘S3’
Prohibition to export into the Community breeding or productive poultry (BPP) of Gallus gallus and slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking (SRP) of Gallus gallus for other purposes than breeding, because a relevant Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
‘S4’
Prohibition to export into the Community eggs (E) of Gallus gallus others than eggs classed B in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 557/2007 because a relevant Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
▼M5
‘S5’
Prohibition to export into the Union breeding and productive poultry of Gallus gallus (BPP), slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking (SRP) of Gallus gallus because a Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
‘ST0’
Prohibition to export into the Union breeding or productive poultry (BPP) of turkeys, day-old chicks (DOC) of turkeys, slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking (SRP) of turkeys and hatching eggs (HEP) of turkeys because a relevant Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
‘ST1’
Prohibition to export into the Union breeding or productive poultry (BPP) of turkeys and slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking (SRP) of turkeys because a relevant Salmonella control programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003 has not been submitted to the Commission or approved by it.
▼B
Specific conditions:
‘P2’
:
Prohibition to import into or transit through the Community due to restrictions related to a HPAI outbreak
‘P3’
:
Prohibition to import into or transit through the Community due to restrictions related to a ND outbreak
▼M3
‘N’
:
Guarantees have been provided that the legislation on the control of Newcastle disease in the third country or territory is equivalent to that applied in the Union. In the case of an outbreak of Newcastle disease, imports may continue to be authorised from the third country or territory with no change in the third country code or territory code. However, imports into the Union from any areas which are placed under official restrictions by the competent authority of the third country or territory concerned due to an outbreak of that disease shall be automatically prohibited
▼M29 —————
▼M29
‘H’
:
Guarantees have been provided that meat of farmed ratites for human consumption (RAT) is obtained from ratites coming from a registered closed ratite holding approved by the third country’s competent authority. In the case of a HPAI outbreak on the third country’s territory, imports of such meat may still continue to be authorised, provided that it is obtained from ratites coming from a registered closed ratite holding free of LPAI and HPAI; and where within a radius of 100 km around that holding, including, where applicable, the territory of a neighbouring country, there has been no outbreak of LPAI or HPAI for at least the last 24 months and where there has been no epidemiological link to a ratite or poultry holding where LPAI or HPAI has been present within at least the last 24 months.
▼B
Avian influenza surveillance programme and avian influenza vaccination plan:
‘A’
:
Third country, territory, zone or compartment carries out an avian influenza surveillance programme in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 798/2008
‘B’
:
Third country, territory, zone or compartment carries out vaccination against avian influenza in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 798/2008
Notes
General notes:
(a) Veterinary certificates based on the models in Part 2 of this Annex and following the layout of the model that corresponds to the commodity concerned shall be issued by the exporting country, territory, zone or compartment. They shall contain, in the order appearing in the model, the attestations that are required for any third country and, where applicable, those additional health requirements required for the exporting country, territory, zone or compartment.
Where additional guarantees are required by the EU Member State of destination for the commodity concerned, these shall also be entered on the original of the veterinary certificate.
(b) A separate, single certificate must be presented for each consignment of the commodity concerned, exported to the same destination from a territory appearing in columns 2 and 3 of Part 1 of this Annex and transported in the same railway wagon, lorry, aircraft or ship.
(c) The original of certificates shall consist of a single page printed on both sides or, where more text is required, such that all the pages form a whole and cannot be separated.
(d) The certificate shall be drawn up in at least one official language of the EU Member State where the border inspection takes place and in one official language of the EU Member State of destination. However, those Member States may allow another Community language instead of their own, accompanied, if necessary, by an official translation.
(e) Where additional pages are attached to the certificate for the purposes of identifying the items making up the consignment, such additional pages shall also be considered to form part of the original of the certificate, provided the signature and stamp of the certifying official veterinarian appear on each page.
(f) Where the certificate, including any additional pages as provided for in (e), comprises more than one page, each page shall be numbered ‘–x(page number) of y(total number of pages)–’ on the bottom and shall bear the code number of the certificate allocated by the competent authority on the top.
(g) The original of the certificate must be completed and signed by an official veterinarian not more than 24 hours prior to loading of the consignment for imports to the Community, unless otherwise stated. To that end, the competent authorities of the exporting country shall ensure that principles of certification equivalent to those laid down in Directive 96/93/EC are followed.
The colour of the signature shall be different from that of the printing. The same rule shall apply to stamps other than embossed stamps or watermarks.
(h) The original of the certificate must accompany the consignment as far as the EU border inspection post.
Additional notes for poultry and day-old chicks:
(i) The certificate shall be valid for 10 days from the date of issue, unless otherwise stated.
In the case of transport by ship, the term of validity shall be extended by the time taken by the voyage. To that end, the original of a declaration by the ship's master, drawn up in accordance with Annex II, shall be attached to the veterinary certificate.
(j) Poultry and day-old chicks shall not be transported with other poultry and day-old chicks that are either not intended for the European Community or of a lower health status.
(k) Poultry and day-old chicks shall not in the course of transport to the Community be moved through nor unloaded in a third country, territory, zone or compartment from which imports of such poultry and day-old chicks into the Community are not authorised.
▼M29
Model veterinary certificate for breeding or productive poultry other than ratites (BPP)
Model veterinary certificate for breeding or productive ratites (BPR)
Model veterinary certificate for day-old chicks other than of ratites (DOC)
Model veterinary certificate for day-old chicks of ratites (DOR)
Model veterinary certificate for hatching eggs of poultry other than ratites (HEP)
Model veterinary certificate for hatching eggs of ratites (HER)
▼B
Model veterinary certificate for specified pathogen-free eggs (SPF)
▼M29
Model veterinary certificate for slaughter poultry and poultry for restocking game supplies other than ratites (SRP)
Model veterinary certificate for slaughter ratites (SRA)
Model veterinary certificate for meat of poultry (POU)
▼B
Model veterinary certificate for minced meat and mechanically separated meat of poultry (POU-MI/MSM)
(Not yet established)
▼M29
Model veterinary certificate for meat of farmed ratites for human consumption (RAT)
▼B
Model veterinary certificate for minced meat and mechanically separated meat of farmed ratites for human consumption (RAT-MI/MSM)
(Not yet established)
Model veterinary certificate for wild game-bird meat (WGM)
Model veterinary certificate for wild game-bird minced meat and mechanically separated meat (WGM-MI/MSM)
(Not yet established)
▼M29
Model veterinary certificate for eggs (E)
▼M11
Model veterinary certificate for egg products (EP)
▼B
ANNEX II
(as referred to in Article 4)
(To be completed and attached to the veterinary certificate where transport of poultry and day-old chicks to the European Community border includes transport by ship, even for part of the journey.)
ANNEX III
COMMUNITY ACTS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES FOR EXAMINATION, SAMPLING AND TESTING AS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 6
I. Before import into the Community
Methods for standardisation of materials and procedures for examination, sampling and testing for:
1.
Avian influenza
— Diagnostic manual for avian influenza as laid down in Commission Decision 2006/437/EC (
22
); or
— Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals of the World Organisation for animal Health (OIE) (
23
).
|
github_open_source_100_1_523 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.resources;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.dtos.ProduccionDTO;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.dtos.ProduccionDetailDTO;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.dtos.StaffDTO;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.dtos.StaffDetailDTO;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.ejb.ProduccionLogic;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.ejb.StaffLogic;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.entities.ProduccionEntity;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.entities.StaffEntity;
import co.edu.uniandes.csw.foros.exceptions.BusinessLogicException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.ws.rs.*;
/**
* Recurso de un miembro del staff.
*
* @author jf.castaneda
*/
@Path("staff")
@Produces("application/json")
@Consumes("application/json")
public class StaffResource {
private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(StaffResource.class.getName());
/**
* Variable para acceder a la lógica de la aplicación.
*/
@Inject
private StaffLogic staffLogic;
/**
* Método que retorna un miembro del staff.
*
* @param id id del miembro del staff a retornar.
* @return el DTO con la información del miembro del staff.
* @throws BusinessLogicException cuando no se encuentra algún atributo o la entidad es nula.
*/
@GET
@Path("{id: \\d+}")
public StaffDTO darStaff(@PathParam("id") Long id) throws BusinessLogicException {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource darStaff: input: {0}", id);
StaffEntity staffEntity = null;
try {
staffEntity = staffLogic.darStaff(id);
if (staffEntity == null) {
throw new WebApplicationException("El recurso /staff/" + id + " no existe.", 404);
}
} catch(BusinessLogicException ble) {
throw new WebApplicationException(ble.getMessage(), 412);
}
StaffDetailDTO staffDetailDTO = new StaffDetailDTO(staffEntity);
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource darStaff: output: {0}", staffDetailDTO.toString());
return staffDetailDTO;
}
/**
* Método que crea un miembro de staff.
*
* @param staffDTO DTO del miembro del staff a crear
* @return DTO del staff creado.
*/
@POST
public StaffDTO crearStaff(StaffDTO staffDTO) throws BusinessLogicException {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource crearStaff: input: {0}", staffDTO.toString());
StaffDTO nuevoStaffDTO;
try {
nuevoStaffDTO = new StaffDTO(staffLogic.crearStaff(staffDTO.toEntity()));
} catch (BusinessLogicException ble) {
throw new WebApplicationException(ble.getMessage(), 412);
}
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource crearStaff: output: {0}", nuevoStaffDTO.toString());
return nuevoStaffDTO;
}
/**
* Método que actualiza la información de un miembro del staff.
*
* @param id id del staff a editar.
* @return entidad del staff editado.
*/
@PUT
@Path("{id: \\d+}")
public StaffDTO editarStaff(@PathParam("id") Long id, StaffDTO staffDTO) throws BusinessLogicException {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource editarStaff: input: id: {0} , staff: {1}", new Object[]{id, staffDTO.toString()});
staffDTO.setId(id);
if(staffLogic.darStaff(id) == null) {
throw new WebApplicationException("El recurso /staff/" + id + " no existe.", 404);
}
StaffDetailDTO staffDetailDTO;
try {
staffDetailDTO = new StaffDetailDTO(staffLogic.editarStaff(id, staffDTO.toEntity()));
} catch (BusinessLogicException ble) {
throw new WebApplicationException(ble.getMessage(), 412);
}
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource editarStaff: output: {0}", staffDetailDTO.toString());
return staffDetailDTO;
}
/**
* Método que elimina un miembro del staff.
*
* @param id id del staff a eliminar.
*/
@DELETE
@Path("{id: \\d+}")
public void eliminarStaff(@PathParam("id") Long id) throws BusinessLogicException {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource eliminarStaff: input: {0}", id);
StaffEntity entity = staffLogic.darStaff(id);
if (entity == null) {
throw new WebApplicationException("El recurso /staff/" + id + " no existe.", 404);
}
//staffProduccionesResource.eliminarProducciones();
staffLogic.eliminarStaff(id);
LOGGER.info("StaffResource eliminarStaff: output: void");
}
/**
* Método que retorna las producciones en las que ha participado el miembro
* del staff.
*
* @return lista con los DTO de las producciones donde ha participado.
*/
@GET
public List<StaffDetailDTO> darTodosStaff() {
LOGGER.info("StaffResource darTodosStaff: input: void");
List<StaffDetailDTO> listaStaffDetailDTO = listEntity2DetailDTO(staffLogic.darTodosStaff());
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, "StaffResource darTodosStaff: output: {0}", listaStaffDetailDTO.toString());
return listaStaffDetailDTO;
}
/**
* Método que retorna los staffs de una producción.
*
* @param id id de la producción.
* @return lista con los staffs de la producción.
*/
@GET
@Path("{idStaff: \\d+}/producciones/")
public List<ProduccionDetailDTO> darProducciones(@PathParam("idStaff") Long id) {
StaffEntity staffEntity = darEntidadStaff(id);
List<ProduccionDetailDTO> producciones = listEntity2DetailDTOProducciones(staffEntity.getProducciones());
return producciones;
}
private StaffEntity darEntidadStaff(Long id) {
try {
StaffEntity staffEntity = staffLogic.darStaff(id);
if (staffEntity == null) {
throw new WebApplicationException("El recurso /staff/" + id + " no existe.", 404);
}
return staffEntity;
} catch(BusinessLogicException ble) {
throw new WebApplicationException(ble.getMessage(), 412);
}
}
/**
* Convierte una lista de entidades a DTO.
*
* Este método convierte una lista de objetos BookEntity a una lista de
* objetos BookDetailDTO (json)
*
* @param entityList corresponde a la lista de libros de tipo Entity que
* vamos a convertir a DTO.
* @return la lista de libros en forma DTO (json)
*/
private List<StaffDetailDTO> listEntity2DetailDTO(List<StaffEntity> entityList) {
List<StaffDetailDTO> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (StaffEntity entity : entityList) {
list.add(new StaffDetailDTO(entity));
}
return list;
}
/**
* Convierte una lista de entidades a DTO.
*
* Este método convierte una lista de objetos BookEntity a una lista de
* objetos BookDetailDTO (json)
*
* @param entityList corresponde a la lista de libros de tipo Entity que
* vamos a convertir a DTO.
* @return la lista de libros en forma DTO (json)
*/
private List<ProduccionDetailDTO> listEntity2DetailDTOProducciones(List<ProduccionEntity> entityList) {
List<ProduccionDetailDTO> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (ProduccionEntity entity : entityList) {
list.add(new ProduccionDetailDTO(entity));
}
return list;
}
}
|
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44388403_1 | Wikipedia | CC-By-SA | The Former Fryeburg Town House is a historic municipal building in what is now a rural section of Fryeburg, Maine. Built in 1847, it served as Fryeburg's town hall for over 130 years, and is still used as a polling place. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
Description and history
The Town House is a single-story wood frame structure with a gable roof, resting on a granite foundation. The ridgeline of the roof is pierced by a corbelled brick chimney, and a small square ventilator with a hip roof. It is located on the east side of Maine State Route 5, just north of its junction with Corn Shop Road. The main facade, facing the street to the west, is three bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by sash windows. The gable end is fully enclosed, with narrow modillions both in the cornice and the gable rakes. The center of the tympanum has a small octagonal window, with a sign giving the building's construction date, 1847, above. A ramp on the south side of the building provides handicap access to the rear entrance, and there is a small projecting addition on the rear, which houses restroom facilities. The interior of the building is an open plan, with wide plank flooring and wainscoting on the walls, which are otherwise finished in original plaster.
Although the town of Fryeburg was settled in 1762 and incorporated in 1775, it remained an unfocused collection of rural properties for some time. Its earliest meeting houses were built in the geographic center of the town, near where this town house stands, but the area never developed as a significant economic center. The town appropriated $700 for the construction of the town house in 1847, and it was completed by an unknown builder later that year. The design, particularly of its braced roof framing, is reminiscent of that used in barns of the period, and the lath used in the plasterwork was created using an older technique. The building probably had only very modest Greek Revival styling when it was built; the modillions and the roof ventilator were probably added during renovations and alterations made in 1909.
The building was used as the town's principal meeting space from 1848 to 1983, and is still used as its polling place. Economic and civic activity in the town became focused in southern Fryeburg in the second half of the 19th century, leaving the Fryeburg Center area as a relatively rural area.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Oxford County, Maine
References
City and town halls on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Greek Revival architecture in Maine
Government buildings completed in 1847
Buildings and structures in Oxford County, Maine
Fryeburg, Maine
1847 establishments in Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Oxford County, Maine.
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US-53031006-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Building window control system
ABSTRACT
A scalable apparatus and a network environment dynamically changes the light transparency of a single SPD device, a small number of SPD devices or thousands of such SPD devices installed in windows in automobiles, aircraft, trains, marine vehicles, residential homes, commercial buildings and skyscrapers. A scalable apparatus and a network environment dynamically changes the light transparency of a single SPD device or thousands of such SPD devices in the presentation of a multi-media special effects display. Textual messages, graphical images and simulated motion effects are driven. Such scalable apparatus being capable of driving and using several operational parameters of SPD materials such as frequency range, AC voltage and temperature so as to provide fine control of SPD characteristics such as switching speed and power consumption.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority from U.S. application Nos. 60/596,198 filed Sep. 8, 2005 and entitled “A scaleable system consisting of apparatus for controlling a single SPD device to a plurality of such devices operating across a wireless mesh packet switched network”, 60/721,731 filed Sep. 28, 2005 and entitled “An Electronic Controller and Wireless Network for Multi-media Video Displays using SPD Glass”, and 60/597,162 filed Nov. 14, 2005 and entitled “A scaleable system for the control of solar heat in residential and commercial buildings utilizing SPD-based windows”, each of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Light valves have been in use for more than sixty years for the modulation of light. As used herein, a light valve is defined as a cell formed of two walls that are spaced apart by a small distance, at least one wall being transparent, the walls having electrodes thereon, usually in the form of transparent, electrically conductive coatings. The cell contains a light-modulating element (sometimes herein referred to as an “activatable material”), which may be either a liquid suspension of particles, or a plastic film in which droplets of a liquid suspension of particles are distributed.
The liquid suspension (sometimes herein referred to as “a liquid light valve suspension” or “a light valve suspension”) comprises small, anisotropically shaped particles suspended in a liquid suspending medium. In the absence of an applied electrical field, the particles in the liquid suspension assume random positions due to Brownian movement, and hence a beam of light passing into the cell is reflected, transmitted or absorbed, depending upon the cell structure, the nature and concentration of the particles, and the energy content of the light. The light valve is thus relatively dark in the OFF state. However, when an electric field is applied through the liquid light valve suspension in the light valve, the particles become aligned and for many suspensions most of the light can pass through the cell. The light valve is thus relatively transparent in the ON state. Light valves of the type described herein are also known as “suspended particle devices” or “SPDs.” More generally, the term suspended particle device, as used herein, refers to any device in which suspended particles align to allow light to pass through the device when an electric field is applied.
Light valves have been proposed for use in numerous applications including windows, skylights, and sunroofs, to control the amount of light passing therethrough or reflected therefrom as the case may be. As used herein the term “light” generally refers to visible electromagnetic radiation, but where applicable, “light” can also comprise other types of electromagnetic radiation such as, but not limited to, infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation.
The SPD is laminated between two pieces of glass or plastic and becomes an internal layer. Such a combination is sometimes referenced as an SPD-Film.
Such SPDs are now being installed into glass so that the amount of light passing through the glass can be finely controlled based upon the characteristics of the electricity passing through the glass. At least one method by which such glass and thus its opacity or light transparency may be controlled is described by Malvino, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,897,997 and 6,804,040 collectively referred to as the Malvino patents. But a device envisioned by Malvino, while suitable for the manual control of a small number of co-located windows, is not scaleable nor does it provide the automated intelligence to actively and dynamically control environments of more than a few windows such as in an automobile, marine vehicle, train or aircraft, to as much as a residential or commercial building or a skyscraper of such SPD windows.
The Malvino patents provide the basis for driving SPD glass by varying voltage at a fixed frequency which will cause the glass to lighten toward clear or to darken so as to block most light passing through it. That device is capable of mapping the non-linear characteristics of SPD into a linear range of values that could be thought of as setting the glass from say 0 to 100%. The range is broken down into a small discrete set of settings for perhaps 6 different opaqueness levels and 6 specific resistor and capacitor combinations are built into the implementation and are manually selected to set the proper voltage for the associated degree of tinting. Through that implementation, a linear manual control, such as a slide switch or a rotating dial may be attached to the Malvino controller to directly vary the amount of light allowed through the glass at any time.
The Malvino Patents review the use of a few fixed frequencies at which to drive an SPD Device. As described, driving the device at a lower frequency tends to have a slight lower energy utilization curve with regard to the power needed to drive the SPD Device. Frequencies in the range of 15 hertz to 60 hertz were discussed. There is a serious potential problem with the aforementioned SPD Controller when driven by these frequencies. It is possible that the SPD device will “sing” and be heard as a tone in the B-flat range by being driven by a fixed frequency within that range. An SPD controlled window typically consists of SPD-capable material in the form of a clear Mylar coated with SPD emulation, placed in between two pieces of glass. The SPD device is basically sandwiched and held in place by glass on both sides. If 50/60 Hertz current travels through the sandwiched SPD material, in some cases, the Mylar will start to vibrate in resonance with the driving frequency and may be heard by people near the window as an annoying hum.
A considerable issue in the wide-scale worldwide deployment of SPD windows, is on how residential and commercial buildings will be wired up to allow some “central intelligence” to operate the individual windows. Today, there is no concept of running wires to windows from some control room in the building. It is not desirable to introduce a new requirement for building wiring in the introduction of SPD glass around the world, since thousands of installation people would need to learn and understand new building wiring requirements. Yet, if any other techniques are employed to “wire” each window to the “central intelligence”, it must require little or no training, and be a relatively low cost so as not to make the use of SPD glass prohibitive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a wirelessly enabled apparatus and associated mesh networking software installed in large arrays in order to dynamically control the “skin” of residential and commercial buildings throughout the day in order to absorb or reflect sunlight in such a manner as to dramatically reduce the energy consumption of such buildings. The integration of a mesh network lowers the cost of deployment of such control by permitting the individual devices that control one or more windows, to act as a relay point in moving control signals from intelligent control points in a Building Skin Control System to the individual controllers or sets of controllers which will effect the desired changes. The invention further relates to a Suspended Particle Device control apparatus and associated network installed in large arrays in order to dynamically control the glass windows of residential and commercial buildings throughout the day in order to absorb or reflect sunlight in such a manner as to dramatically reduce the energy consumption of such buildings. The use of a hierarchical distribution system over a LAN or WAN reduces the time to transmit commands from a central intelligence point, the Master Building Control Point, to all window controllers in a structure to set individual windows to a specific level of opaqueness.
The device described herein corrects for the “singing” problem by providing the option of driving the SPD Device at a variable frequency in the low frequency range rather than a single fixed frequency. Optionally, in lieu of using a continuously variable SPD driving frequency, the Controller may randomly drop or phase shift several cycles per second. The change/shift is not enough to be visibly noticeable but it would eliminate the “ringing effect”. As will be seen below, the system according to the invention scales from the single-window environment to a building with a size beyond that of the currently largest in the world, Taipei 101 in the Xin-Yi district of Taipei, with over 32,000 windows.
This invention provides for a range of SPD control far beyond that previously in existence. The “Scalable Controller” a.k.a. “SC” of this invention adds intelligence that greatly expands the capabilities of prior controllers. As in prior implementations, one to several pieces of glass may be controlled by a single controller, where several is a relatively small number such as 8 and each piece of glass is hardwired to the controller. The Scalable controller further supports a setup phase whereby the user may configure the relationship between manual external control or several individual manual controls and which window/windows are to be controlled from that manual setting. In a setting of four windows under the Scalable Controller, where the windows are referred to as A, B, C and D, a user may configure the SC so that windows AB are controlled as a single window and CD as another, or ABC is controlled as a single window and D as another, or ABCD is controlled as a single window or, A B C D are controlled as 4 separate windows.
This system coordinates the settings of each of the windows in a building in an intelligent manner from a central intelligence point known of the Master Building Control Point. It will make intelligent decisions based on many factors including real time events, as to the proper amount of visible light to permit to flow through each window in order to take best advantage of the solar heating effect.
Enhanced capabilities of the SC over prior inventions provide for full control of all operational parameters which effect the characteristics of a SPD. This type of control exists in each SC to optimize SPD performance by power utilization or switching speed potentially taking into account external temperature, while controlling the haze and clarity.
The flexibility of the SC and its networking capabilities also support the display of textual messages or special light tinting sequences as part of a multimedia presentation. Such a multimedia display could change windows along the facade of an office building in time to the changes in perhaps Christmas Music during the holiday period. A scaled-down version of such a system could provide for a moving textual display across small SPD pixels sitting in a box on a desktop. These diverse applications reflect the flexibility and importance of this invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be described with respect to a drawing in several figures, of which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an SPD window controller under manual adjustment from a single external device.
FIG. 2 is the controller of FIG. 1 with the addition of a photocell or other photosensor to detect the brightness of sunlight shining on the window under control.
FIG. 3 creates the Intelligent Controller by introducing a microprocessor to perform a number of different functions in support of more sophisticated controller capabilities as well as Scalable Network operation of controllers. Additional inputs from sensors expand the data which the Scalable controller may use to make decisions.
FIG. 4 shows the Intelligent Controller with a plurality of manual inputs that are coupled to one or several window panes that are under the direct control of the controller as set up by the user via a set up procedure in the control software. A single manual input may control one window or, two, three or four at one time as if it were a single piece of SPD glass. More then one manual input may be used to control the same set of glass in order to support manual controls that operate from different points in the same room.
FIG. 5 shows different combinations of four-window panes in this example, and how the set up software allows any combination of sets of individual panes to be treated as a single pane of glass.
FIG. 6 shows one of the earliest packet switching or mesh networks in which data may be sent along alternate paths through intermediate nodes in order to reach a destination point. This is an example of the 4-node Arpanet in 1969, the precursor to today's Internet. Host computers sent data to other Host computers in this network and utilized the services of the Interface Message Processor (IMP) to move data packets to other IMP's which were not destination point but would further relay packets toward the IMP directly connected to the desired destination Host.
FIG. 7 shows a more advanced packet switched meshed network in which specific processing applications operate on the same computer that is running the packet switching software thereby combining the functions of Hosts and IMPs in the earlier Arpanet systems. Increases in microprocessor power allowed these functions to be combined onto a single platform. This is an example of a Radio Paging Network application utilizing the DLH protocol created by the Inventor to convert isolated Citywide radio paging (beeper) systems into a nationwide network capable of alerting someone wherever they are located in the country instead of just a single city. The Arpanet and Internet utilize formalized routing protocol specifications such as RIP to dynamically maintain a list of best routes to a destination at each node. DLH utilizes a proprietary routing protocol to maintain a list of primary and alternate routes. The proprietary DLH network was eventually replaced with the Radio Paging Industry standard TNPP protocol which the Inventor helped to create and Chaired the Industry committee to promote the use of this protocol for more than 11 years. TNPP was used along with a manufacturer-specific proprietary routing protocol to maintain the best and alternate paths to each destination node.
FIG. 8 shows a Scalable Controller network consisting of the Intelligence Controller of FIG. 3 integrated with a radio transceiver to send packets of data to other transceiver equipped Scalable Controller nodes. Routing data similar to the Internet RIP, maintains a list at each Controller node of the best next node to receive data on the path to the destination node. Unlike the wired network of FIGS. 6 and 7, the radio network of FIG. 8 may sometimes properly receive data addressed to a different node than that which received it. In this case, the received data is ignored/dropped by the node which is not the next node along the optimal path to the destination.
FIG. 9 shows an example of a network of FIG. 8 where a Building Control Point is connected to one of the nodes of the network. The BCP is a data processing site to determine which portions of a building are to be automatically set to a specific opacity at any moment of the day or night. The Data Processing system may optionally be connected to the Internet and to a remote central monitoring service which oversees the operations of the SPD Building Skin Control System on behalf of many building owners.
FIG. 10 shows an example of a redundant Building Control Point (BCP) supported in the network to insure that the entire system continues to operate normally even if the primary BCP should fail.
FIG. 11 shows how different areas of a building would have different types of Hierarchical Control Points to oversee the operation of Scalable Controllers in certain portions of a building.
FIG. 12 is a Hierarchical mapping of Control Points showing how commands generated at the highest level Control Point are logically distributed to lower level Control Points that distribute the commands to more and more elements at lower hierarchy levels.
FIG. 13 shows how the Building Control Point interfaces with an Intelligent Energy Control System (IECS) via an XML interface.
FIG. 14 shows how the path of the Sun across the sky changes how the sunlight falls on the windows of a building throughout the day. The Sun path changes slightly each day of the year as the Earth rotates around the Sun. For any latitude and longitude on the planet, the path that is traversed is well known.
FIG. 15 shows five controllers each controlling twenty-four panes.
FIG. 16 shows the letter “E” formed by a 5 by 7 pixel array with a border.
FIG. 17 shows a lighting effect in which each pane differs from its neighbor by a few percent.
FIG. 18 shows a controller sending a command to a decoder which in turn communicates commands to windows.
FIG. 19 shows two Scalable Controllers (SCs) consisting of the Intelligent Controller of FIG. 1 integrated with a LAN interface so that they can send packets of data to a Master Control Point (MCP) located on the LAN.
FIG. 20 shows that when LANs has reached its maximum capacity, due to cable length, a Bridge may be introduced in order to add another LAN segment to extend the size of the LAN.
FIG. 21 shows how to further extend the size of a local network when the maximum number of LAN segments and Bridge/Repeaters has been deployed.
FIG. 22 shows the logical connections that form a hierarchy of control points in order to reduce the point to point communication loading on the MCP to issue commands to all SCs in a building.
FIG. 23 shows how the Master Control Point, which provides the central control intelligence for all of the individual windows in a structure, can connect to an external Intelligent Energy Control System via an XML link. The external system can modify its operations knowing where windows have been changed. The external system may receive sensor input through the MCP and may command the MCP to modify the setting or some or all windows under its control. The MCP also has the option of changing the operation of the windows under IECS command if better algorithms have been developed on the IECS and the External system starts sending the proper control commands.
FIG. 24 shows the major subsections which comprise the Scalable Controller.
FIG. 25 shows one of the typical three-dimensional tables of data that is programmed into the controller to operate it. Such table provide information on the interaction of three variables that together control the operation of SPD based glass.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With the incorporation of a Microprocessor into the Scalable Controller, the capabilities and flexibility of the device are expanded dramatically for use both in a standalone environment as well as being a data point in a sea of such controllers which, under such intelligent control, can dynamically modify the skin of an office building to provide unprecedented control over its energy usage. Even in the standalone environment, the SC can be programmed with the intelligence to reduce energy usage in the room where it is being used. The SC may be put into an automatic mode instead of being under manual control and can operate as described below.
Although the same functions may be achieved in several ways, in the implementation described herein, the end user has the ability to set the latitude, longitude, window orientation from North, and window angle from vertical into a suitable data processing program. This program creates a profile that can be downloaded into the SC which uses the setup data to determine the location on the earth of the window(s) under control and thereby, for each window, its angle from the sun at any time of the day. A time/date clock operates in the SC to drive its window(s) based upon the time of day, day of year, and the location on the planet. At 1:00 PM on July 2nd in Manhattan, N.Y., the windows directly facing the sun would be set to the maximum opaqueness while those angled away from the sun would have reduced opaqueness and those on the opposite side of the building might be totally clear. As the sun crosses the sky, each window changes according to the built-in profile. Yet at 1:00 PM on July 2nd in Sydney Australia, those windows facing the sun will be clear, so that the building's heating system requirements may be reduced by utilizing the sun to heat windows directly facing the sun, while windows on the opposite side of the building would be turned dark so as to keep heat trapped in the building. A photocell connected to the SC will provide external sensor input so as to allow the SC to further fine tune the current opaqueness based upon current cloud and weather conditions. Sidereal information has been well known and calculable for centuries and may thus be profiled into the SC device itself. Weather conditions that might block the sun are random real-time events.
Although such Intelligent control permits several windows to operate autonomously, in a larger-scale implementation, it is desirable to put entire segments of building windows under a coordinated set of controls. In relatively large types of environments, rather than using a profile of individual windows, it is possible to perform more real-time data processing and to make more intelligent decisions of the opacity of every segment of a building at any point in time. The SC of this invention is capable of expanding so as to operate in such a mode.
This system virtually eliminates all building wiring issues to put all SPD windows under a central control. Each Scalable Controller is outfitted with a low-power, low-data-rate, limited-range, radio transceiver. These radio transceivers are capable of communicating on a point-to-point basis to one or more radio transceivers located within other Scalable Controllers in a 3-dimensional space around each controller. The SC microprocessor is further outfitted with mesh networking software. Such types of software have been in existence in various incarnations for a long period of time. The radio transceivers send specially formatted packets of data back and forth between each other. Some packets contain data which is used to operate the mesh network itself while other packets contain sensor data or window control information. Routing control packets are one type of mesh control packet which is sent. Each SC can be thought of as a “node” in the mesh network. The routing information is used to leave information at each individual node to indicate an available “route” to move data from a window controller to another intermediate window controller along a path to a “Hierarchical Control Point (HCP)” or from an HCP through intermediate window controllers on its way to a specific individual window controller. An HCP is the location of a special data processing node, as opposed to a window controller node, which is capable of coordinating the changing of the opaqueness of windows for some segment of a building. There may be several Office Control Points (OCP), Section Control Points (SCP), Region Control Points (RCP), Floor Control Points (FCP), Multi-floor Control Points (MCP) and a single Building Control Point (BCP) located in typical building environment. A single Control Point might exist in a small implementation while all types of Control Points may exist in a very large-scale implementation. The use of additional Control Points reduces communication overhead in the mesh network and decreases the time delay between the time a window opaqueness modification command is sent and when it is acted upon at individual windows. In this instantiation of the invention, any window SC can become a Control Point via a command sent from the Building Control Point. Although a Building Control Point is an Intelligent Data Processing System, the lower hierarchical control points have a relatively small set of fixed commands and operations which can easily be handled at the Microprocessor at any window SC. Typically, a window controller is not in direct radio communication with the location in the building where a HCP might be located. But every window controller will typically be within radio communication of several other window controllers. The mesh networking software permits a data packet to be sent from a source node to any neighboring node that is along a path which eventually leads to the destination node, through a series of hops through intermediate nodes. Because of the multiple paths that exist between nodes, data can typically be routed around areas of the network that might be temporarily undergoing radio interference. Data retransmission and acknowledgments during point-to-point communications insure that data is not dropped by one node until the next node in the network has accepted the data being sent. If such acknowledgment is not received, a node may send its data onto an alternate path to the destination. If a segment of the radio network should become isolated, a packet hop count insures that packets which will never reach their ultimate destination are eliminated from the network. End-to-end acknowledgments let the source and destination nodes recognize when data must be retransmitted in its entirety because it may have been dropped due to a particular radio failure creating isolated subnetworks. Reporting processes built into the Building Controller monitor the nodes in the network, gather interconnectivity data, and take into account the window controller addresses to assist the installer in insuring that all nodes are capable of communicating with the Hierarchical Control Points. Where it might be found that some portion of the overall network is isolated from another portion, special nodes may be installed in a geographical area between existing segments of the network, in order to provide a bridging point for data to move from one network segment toward the other. There should typically be at least two nodes to bridge isolated segments together. The bridges are nothing more than window Scalable Controllers that are not connected to any SPD window.
The Scalable Controllers may be equipped with various types of sensors that may be used in more finely controlling the energy usage in a building. A photocell may be placed onto each SPD glass and connected to its SC. The Building Control Point “BCP” may command all the SCs to periodically send sensor data to the BCP or the BCP may periodically poll each of the SCs to read photocell and other sensor data. Through an initial system configuration procedure at the BCP, it is made aware of the configuration of the building, the compass direction in which windows face, the latitude and longitude of the building, the angle at which each window is from the vertical, and the location of unique node and window addresses. Input from photocells throughout the building allow the BCP to utilize voting techniques to determine the best areas of the building in which to increase or decrease opaqueness in order to reduce the overall building energy requirements for heating and air conditioning. If a readable compass and glass angle detector is installed at each SC, the process of modeling the building to establish more precise control of each window, is simplified, by directly providing this configuration information.
The BCP allows the system operator to establish special overrides for portions of the building at certain times of the day and days of the year. This might be utilized to specify a region of the building undergoing glare from reflections from other buildings or natural features in the area. The override features would allow a normally clear window to perhaps to be darkened for some period to eliminate the glare onto that portion of the building. So some regions of a building might be under automatic control while other segments of the building may be under special override conditions at the time. A complex combination of each control may be in effect at one time.
Many “Green” buildings already incorporate an Intelligent Energy Control System such as the Honeywell Enterprise Buildings Integrator (EBI). These types of systems operate/monitor/control the building HVAC system, circulation of fresh air, elimination of building odors, control of electric usage, and reduction of energy requirements to unoccupied areas. These top-of-the-line systems also incorporate building security, monitoring and access control, asset tracking, fire and smoke detection and even control fire doors and public announcement systems. This invention extends the capabilities of these sophisticated systems in a manner that was never possible before. These system may now effectively control the skin of the building dynamically during the day, optimizing the use of the sun along with the movement of heat and air conditioning around the building. The combination of both systems provides a level of efficiency of an even higher level than that capable of standalone windows or BCP controlled windows, since it directly control multiple subsystems in a building in a coordinated fashion.
In this instantiation of the invention, the BCP will provide an XML interface to an external system to provide additional sensor data to the external system and to allow the external system to request adjustments to light levels around the building in a high-level form. The BCP takes requests from the XML link, interprets them and executes them by sending the proper commands through the hierarchical network to effect the changes requested by the external Intelligent Energy Control System (IECS). When operating in this mode, the automated controls of the BCP are bypassed. A periodic “heartbeat” transfer of XML command/responses over the BCP/IECS link insures that the two systems remain in sync and that they coordinate operations. In the event the heartbeat is lost, the BCP can fall back to its automated mode and operate the building independently until the IECS system comes back on-line.
This invention utilizes low-cost, low-power, limited-range Radio Transceivers co-located with each window controller device, to form a large scale wireless network between all of the windows in a residential or commercial building. Windows are typically within 10 meters of each other within buildings, so limited range transceivers are perfectly suited for this environment. The microprocessor-driven software within each controller operates the local application functions of the controller while at the same time executing radio packet switching type software used to send messages from source nodes to destination nodes in a building, even though the source and destination node are not in direct communication with each other because of their distance from each other. The data which are to be moved from the source to the destination are sent to a transceiver which is reachable from the source node, and toward another radio transceiver that is reachable along a path which will eventually get the packetized data to the desired destination.
The technique of moving messages from source computers to destination computers through intermediate points in a multiply-connected array of computers was originally referred to as Packet Switching and was first characterized in the Arpanet, the precursor to the Internet in 1969. FIG. 6, which represents the Arpanet's 4-node network operational in December 1969, could potentially send a packet of data from Host 161 to Host 163, by handing the data packet to Interface Message Processor (IMP) 61, which might forward it to IMP 62, and to IMP 63 where it is handed to destination Host 163. If IMP 62 finds that the link to IMP 63 is not functioning for some period of time, the same data from Host 161 to 163 could be handed over to IMP 64 to forward the data to IMP 63 instead of using the failed direct link. The concept in a packet-switched network is to locate alternate paths to get the packet to the ultimate destination point even if some individual communication paths are out of service. Some packet networks utilize fixed routing tables to define alternate data paths in the event of link failures and have algorithms to determine when primary or alternate paths are to be utilized. Other packet networks have dynamically updated routing information that is periodically updated between adjacent nodes in order to continually maintain a list of the best route to any ultimate destination in the network.
With improvements in hardware and software, the separation of a Host (applications processor) and a packet switching network of nodes (the Interface Message Processors—IMP's) was no longer necessary. The 1980 ITT-DTS Faxpak facsimile Store-and-Forward packet switching system integrated an application which provided compatibility between different speed fax machines of the time, with a message passing network which allowed messages to always be delivered locally instead of via what (in those days) were more expensive calls over long-distance lines. The Wide Area Paging network in FIG. 7 ran an application that permitted any node in the network to accept a paging message (phone number) specified through a dial-in telephone call, a text message received from an operator, or a message received from a remote node, to a paging message that would be encoded and transmitted at a destination node. The packet switching software that operated at the same nodes, directed paging application packets to be dropped off at the proper destination node or nodes to page a person in multiple cities.
Packet networks typically operated with dedicated communication circuits between nodes in different cities. More recently, the same multi-path packet switching technique has been deployed into networks of radio transceivers, utilizing radio links in lieu of wired links between pairs of nodes. These radio packet switching systems have become known as mesh networks. Unlike the 2-D wired communication circuits as in FIG. 7, the radio devices in a mesh network permit point-to-point communications within a 3-D region of each node. In an office environment, where each window may represent a node, windows within a few feet left or right of a particular window can be thought of as potential intermediate nodes, as well as windows that are potentially a few floors above or a few floors below a particular window.
In this instantiation, a header packet in each transmission packet specifies the source node address, destination node address and the address of the next hopping point along the path to the destination. This data is transmitted in three dimensions when it is time for this Scaleable Controller to transmit information to another point in the network. Many receivers will detect interference in the data they receive, and will ignore the received data. Several other receivers may receive the packet but with transmission errors. Only the node to which the correctly received packet is addressed will keep the packet, analyze it and will decide if the data item is to be forward toward another intermediate node to the final destination or if the packet is to be handled by the application software at this node.
To allow multiple commands to be outstanding and be executed at different points in the network simultaneously, a logical hierarchical structure is introduced into the network. Certain network nodes are designated as Hierarchical Control Points (HCP) that only forward data toward lower level Hierarchical Control Points. Ultimately, the lowest level HCP logically forwards data only to a subset of all Scalable Controllers in the network. This logical configuration allows a single command to be branched out in multiple commands and each of those commands to further expand to even more multiple commands, thereby controlling the maximum number of nodes with the minimal number of control messages at the highest level. So a command to make all windows clear in a segment of a building would be initiated at the highest level node and be handed down to lower levels nodes that understood where this command needs to be sent in order to effect the desired windows in the building.
On the other hand, sensor data that was considered as an urgent data item to which to reach, captured at the individual Scalable Controllers, would be directed to higher and then higher levels of HCPs until the data item reaches the highest level HCP.
Turning to FIG. 1, we see an SPD window controller 2 under manual adjustment from a single external device 1. It controls a window 5.
FIG. 2 shows the controller of FIG. 1 with the addition of a photocell 10 to detect the brightness of sunlight shining on the window 5 under control.
FIG. 3 creates the Intelligent Controller by introducing a microprocessor 3 to perform a number of different functions in support of more sophisticated controller capabilities as well as Scalable Network operation of controllers. Additional inputs from sensors 8 expand the data which the Scalable controller may use to make decisions.
FIG. 4 shows the Intelligent Controller with a plurality of manual inputs 1 that are coupled to one or several window panes 51-54 that are under the direct control of the controller as set up by the user via a set up procedure in the control software. A single manual input may control one window or two, three or four at one time as if it were a single piece of SPD glass. More then one manual input may be used to control the same set of glass in order to support manual controls that operate from different points in the same room.
FIG. 5 shows different combinations of four-window panes in this example, and how the set up software allows any combination of sets of individual panes to be treated as a single pane of glass. In a setting of four windows under the Scalable Controller, where the windows are referred to as A, B, C and D, a user may configure the SC so that windows AC are controlled as a single window and BD as another, or BCD is controlled as a single window and A as another, or ABCD is controlled as a single window or, A, B, C, D, are controlled as four separate windows.
FIG. 6 shows one of the earliest packet switching or mesh networks in which data may be sent along alternate paths through intermediate nodes in order to reach a destination point. This is an example of the 4-node Arpanet in 1969, the precursor to today's Internet. Host computers sent data to other Host computers in this network and utilized the services of the Interface Message Processor (IMP) 61 to move data packets to other IMPs 62, 64 which were not destination points but would further relay packets toward the particular IMP 63 directly connected to the desired destination Host 163.
FIG. 7 shows a more advanced packet switched meshed network in which specific processing applications operate on the same computer that is running the packet switching software thereby combining the functions of Hosts and IMPs in the earlier Arpanet systems. Increases in microprocessor power allowed these functions to be combined onto a single platform. This is an example of a Radio Paging Network application utilizing the DLH protocol created by the Inventor to convert isolated Citywide radio paging (beeper) systems into a nationwide network capable of alerting someone wherever they are located in the country instead of just a single city. The Arpanet and Internet utilize formalized routing protocol specifications such as RIP to dynamically maintain a list of best routes to a destination at each node. DLH utilizes a proprietary routing protocol to maintain a list of primary and alternate routes. The proprietary DLH network was eventually replaced with the Radio Paging Industry standard TNPP protocol which the Inventor helped to create and Chaired the Industry committee to promote the use of this protocol for more than 11 years. TNPP was used along with a manufacturer-specific proprietary routing protocol to maintain the best and alternate paths to each destination node. A paging message originating at node B 72 might be passed to other nodes 73, 74 until reaching a node 71 which is in turn coupled with antennas which pass information to a pocket pager receiver 171.
FIG. 8 shows a Scalable Controller network consisting of the Intelligent Controller of FIG. 3 integrated with a radio transceiver to send packets of data to other transceiver equipped Scalable Controller nodes. Routing data similar to the Internet RIP, maintains a list at each Controller node of the best next node to receive data on the path to the destination node. Unlike the wired network of FIGS. 6 and 7, the radio network of FIG. 8 may sometimes properly receive data addressed to a different node than that which received it. In this case, the received data is ignored/dropped by the node which is not the next node along the optimal path to the destination. Each controller 81, 82, 83, 84 has a controller, a microprocessor, and a radio transceiver.
FIG. 9 shows an example of a network of FIG. 8 where a Master Building Control Point (MBCP) 90 is connected to one of the nodes of the network. The MBCP 90 is a data processing site to determine which portions of a building are to be automatically set to a specific opacity at any moment of the day or night. The Data Processing system may optionally be connected to the Internet 91 and to a remote central monitoring service 92 which oversees the operations of the SPD Building Skin Control System on behalf of many building owners.
FIG. 10 shows an example of a redundant Master Building Control Point (BCP) supported in the network to insure that the entire system continues to operate normally even if the primary MBCP should fail. One MBCP (shown as a data processor) is connected to node 81 and a second MBCP (also shown as a data processor) is connected to a node 87.
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github_open_source_100_1_525 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | // Copyright 2016-2017, Pulumi Corporation. All rights reserved.
import * as aws from "@pulumi/aws";
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github_open_source_100_1_526 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | <?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\MEDIC;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\MEDIC\EMMedic;
use Carbon\Carbon;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Response;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\View;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request;
use App\Models\PACIENTE\EMPaciente;
use App\Models\EMGenero;
use Escom\Base\CBase;
use App\Escom\Http\EMResponse;
use App\Escom\Module;
use App\Escom\Utils\EMLib;
class MedicController extends CBase
{
public $module_name = "medics";
public $view = null;
public $title = null;
public $toolbar = "S";
/**
* Parametros adicionales que recibe el controllador para armar el SQL()
* @var array
*/
public $params = [];
public function __construct($config = [] ){
parent::__construct();
$this->route = isset($config['route'])? $config['route'] : 'medics';
$this->view = isset($config['view'])? $config['view'] :'SHARED.datatables';
$this->title = isset($config['title'])? $config['title'] :'Medics';
$this->setLog('logs/medics.log.php');
}
/**
* Display a listing of the resource.
*
* $view - Donde se renderizaran los datos
* @return Response
*/
public function index()
{
$medics = EMMedic::orderBy('name','asc')->get();
$generos = [''=>'Elige genero']+EMGenero::orderBy('id')
->pluck('name','id')
->toArray();
$view_medics = \View::make('MEDICS.listado')->with('medics', $medics);
$view = \View::make('MEDICS.manager')
->with('view_medics' , $view_medics)
;
return $view;
}
/**
* @return mixed
*/
public function listado(){
$medics = EMMedic::orderBy('name','asc')->get();
$view = \View::make('MEDICS.listado')->with('medics', $medics)->render();
$this->MResponse->success( ['html'=>$view] );
return $this->MResponse->built()->json();
}
/**
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\View\View
*/
public function postForm(){
$rowid = \Request::get('rowid');
$doAction = \Request::get('doAction');
$route = EMLib::routeController($this->route, $rowid, $doAction);
$generos = [''=>'Elige genero']+EMGenero::orderBy('id')
->pluck('name','id')
->toArray();
$model = EMMedic::find($rowid);
return View::make( 'MEDICS.form' )
->with('route' , $route)
->with('rowid' , $rowid)
->with('doAction' , $doAction)
->with('model' , $model)
->with('generos' , $generos)
;
}
/**
* @return \Illuminate\Contracts\View\View
*/
public function profile($rowid){
$doAction = "02";
$route = EMLib::routeController($this->route, $rowid, $doAction);
$generos = [''=>'Elige genero']+EMGenero::orderBy('id')
->pluck('name','id')
->toArray();
$model = EMMedic::find($rowid);
return View::make( 'MEDICS.profile')
->with('route' , $route)
->with('rowid' , $rowid)
->with('doAction' , $doAction)
->with('model' , $model)
->with('generos' , $generos)
;
}
/**
* Captura las peticiones que vienen por el formulario
* @return mixed
*/
public function postDoPost( ){
try
{
$this->MResponse->reset();
$doAction = \Request::get("doAction");
$rowid = \Request::get("rowid");
switch ($doAction){
case '01' :
$trans = $this->insert( \Request::all());
break;
case '02' :
$trans = $this->edit( $rowid, \Request::all());
break;
case '03':
$trans = $this->delete( $rowid);
break;
default:
abort(404);
}
}catch (Exception $e){
$this->MResponse->fail(array('code'=>$e->getCode(), 'message'=>$e->getMessage(), 'line'=>$e->getLine() ));
}
return $this->MResponse->built()->json();
}
/**
* @param array $data
* @throws \Exception
*/
public function Validator ($data=[]){
$rules = array(
'name' => 'required',
'lastname' => 'required',
'speciality' => 'required',
'gender' => 'required',
'address' => 'required',
);
$messsages = array(
'name.required' => 'El campo Nombre es requerido ',
'lastname.required' => 'El campo Apellidos es requerido',
'speciality.required' => 'El campo Fecha de Nacimiento es requerido',
'gender.required' => 'El campo Genero es requerido',
'address.required' => 'El campo Dirección es requerido',
);
$validator = Validator::make($data, $rules, $messsages);
if ($validator->fails()) {
$messages = $validator->messages();
$this->setError('error','3000', $messages->first(), "Error de validacion, para poder continuar pimero debes de proporcionar todos los datos");
throw new \Exception($messages->first(),'3000');
}
}
/**
* Crea un registro
* @param array $data - Datos que provienen del formulario
* @return bool - true or false
*/
public function insert( array $data = [] )
{
$user = \Auth::user();
try
{
DB::beginTransaction();
$this->Validator($data);
$photos =[
'assets/content/doctor-400-1.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-2.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-3.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-4.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-5.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-6.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-7.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-8.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-9.jpg',
'assets/content/doctor-400-10.jpg',
];
$count = EMMedic::count();
$index = number_format(($count % 10),0);
$medic = new EMMedic();
$medic->name = $data['name'];
$medic->lastname = $data['lastname'];
$medic->gender = $data['gender'];
$medic->speciality = $data['speciality'];
$medic->address = $data['address'];
$medic->photo = $photos[$index];
$medic->save();
DB::commit();
$response = array(
'message' =>"Se ha guardado la información del medico",
'medic' => $medic->toArray()
);
$this->MResponse->success( $response );
return true;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
DB::rollback();
$this->Log('error', $e->getMessage());
$this->MResponse->fail(['message' => $e->getMessage(), 'code'=>'100']);
}
return false;
}
/**
* Update the specified resource in storage.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request $request
* @param int $id
* @return Response
*/
public function edit( $rowid, $data = [] ){
try
{
DB::beginTransaction();
$this->Validator($data);
/*** VERIFICAMOS SI SE PUEDE EDITAR ***/
$medic = EMMedic::find($rowid);
if(is_null($medic)){
$m = "No se encontro el registro del paciente.";
$this->setError('error',1000, $m,'');
throw new \Exception($m,'1000');
}
$medic->name = $data['name'];
$medic->lastname = $data['lastname'];
$medic->gender = $data['gender'];
$medic->speciality = $data['speciality'];
$medic->address = $data['address'];
$medic->save();
DB::commit();
$response = array(
'message' =>"Se ha guardado la entrada del producto",
'paciente' => $medic->toArray()
);
$this->MResponse->success( $response );
return true;
}catch(Exception $e) {
DB::rollback();
$this->MResponse->fail($this->TraceError($e));
}
return false;
}
/**
* @param $rowid
*/
public function delete( $rowid ){
try
{
$this->MResponse->reset();
DB::beginTransaction();
$medic = EMMedic::find($rowid);
if(is_null($medic)){
$m = "No se encontro el registro del paciente.";
$this->setError('error',1000, $m,'');
throw new \Exception($m,'1000');
}
$medic->delete();
DB::commit();
$message = "Se ha eliminado el registro del paciente";
$this->MResponse->success(['message' => $message]);
return true;
} catch (Exception $e) {
DB::rollback();
$this->MResponse->fail($this->TraceError($e));
}
return false;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function search(){
try
{
$search = Request::get('q');
$page = Request::get('page') ? Request::get('page') : 1;
$limit = Request::get('page_limit') ? Request::get('page_limit') : 20;
$source = Request::get('source') ? Request::get('source') : 'P';
$offset = ($page-1) * $limit;
$MResponse = new EMResponse();
$query = EMMedic::select(
DB::raw("
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS medics.*,
CONCAT_WS(' ', name, lastname) full_name
"
)
)
->where(function ($q) use ($search) {
$q->orWhere( DB::raw("CONCAT(name,' ', lastname) "), 'LIKE', '%' . $search . '%');
})
->skip($offset)
->take($limit);
$query->get();
$total = DB::selectOne( DB::raw("SELECT FOUND_ROWS() AS cnt;") );
$pickup = EMMedic::from(DB::raw('(' . str_replace("SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS","",$query->toSql()) . ') as tb '))
->select(DB::raw('SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS tb.*'))
->OrderBy('name','ASC');
$pickup->mergeBindings( $query->getQuery() );
$medics = $pickup->get();
/*********************
* TERMINO DE EDICION
*********************/
$items = array();
foreach($medics as $medic){
$items[] = [
'id' => $medic->id,
'idisplay' => $medic->id,
'text' => $medic->full_name,
'image' => "<img src=\"".asset($medic->photo) . "\" width='50' style=\"border-radius:50%;\">",
'descrip' => "
<small class='text info'> <b>". $medic->id ."</b> - " . ($medic->speciality ? " : {$medic->speciality}</i>" : "") . "</small><br>
<div>
</div>
"
];
}
$data['total_count'] = $total->cnt;
$data['items'] = $items;
$MResponse->success($data);
}catch (Exception $e){
$MResponse->fail(array('code'=>$e->getCode(), 'message'=>$e->getMessage(), 'line'=>$e->getLine() ));
}
return $MResponse->built()->json();
}
}
|
bpt6k3209899r_29 | French-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | GYNÉCOLOGIE ULES CHAUMEL à rlchthyol Décongestifs les plus puissants DISPARITION RAPIDE de fa DOULEUR des INFLAMMATIONS et des Ecoulements purulents. Ê abhsse nenis FlJMOUZE, 78, Faubourg Saint-Dan’s, PARIS TUBERCULOSES Bronchites, Catarrhes, Çrippes Traliemei par I ÉMULSION MARCHAIS Créosote de Hêtre, Baume de Tolu et Olycêro-Phosphate de Chaux (De R à G cuillerées à café par jeur dus lait, bouiUoa) w'w w m cinq à six fois en 24 heures, un peu avant lés repas, une cuillerée à café de la potion : Benzo-naphtol 1 gr. Sous-nitrate de bismuth 2 gr. Teinture de Colombo 5 gr. Teinture de cachou. 10 gr. Julep gommeux 80 gr. • Congestion rénale aiguë primitive. A. Robin. — Appliquer 3 à 4 ventouses scarifiées de chaque côté, au niveau du triangle de J.-L. Petit. Repps au lit. Régime lacté. S’il y a de l'hématurie, donner toutes les heures, par cuillerées à soupe : Solution de perchlorure de fer à 30° 1 à 2 gr. Sirop 30 gr. Eau 100 gr. Maintenir le malade au lit jusqu’à guérison parfaite. Plus tard, cure à Royat, Saint-Nectaire, Forges, Bussang. Dans les C'oSGESTlOKS «. ^4 Troublea fonctionnela du FOIE, là DY8FEF8IE ATONIQUE, le» FIÈVRES INTERJUITTEKTE8, le» Cachexiea d’origine paludéenne et consécutives au long séjour dans les pays chauds On prescrit dans les hôpitaux, à Paris et à Vichy, r de 50 à 100 gouttes par Jour de BOLDO-VERNE on A cuillerées à calé d'ÉLIXIR de BOLDO-VERHE Dépôt : VER N E. Profssienr à Picole de Médecine de GRENOBLE (FRANCE) lt dans les principales Pharmacies de France et de l’Étranger. D’après l’opinion des Professeurs BOUCHARDAT GUBLER TROUSSEAU CHARCOT Tr. Pharm. page 300. Comment'du Codex page 813. Thérapeuthue page 214. Cl/niq. Salpétrière. LE VALERIANATEli PIERLOT est un névrosthénique et un puissant sédatif kuNEURASTHÉNIë.ksNÉVROSES.des NÉVRALGIES C. LANCELOT A. C “, 26, Rue St-Claude, Paris et tontes pharmacies. M f f B f 'W'* INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE LIBRAIRIE G. STEINHEIL 2, rue Casimir-Delavigne, Pans. Etudes anatomo-cliniques (cœur, vaisseaux, poumons), par le D r Raymond Tripier, professeur à la Faculté de médecine de Lyon. Un vol. in-8° raisin de xvi-604 pages, avec 32 figures. — Prix : 10 fr. Thérapeutique vénérienne, par le docteur Deguy, ancien interne des hôpitaux de Paris, ancien chef de laboratoire. Un vol. in-8° carré de 280 pages, avec 24 figures. — Prix, cartonné : 5 fr. LIBRAIRIE F.-R. de RUDE VAL 4, rue Antoine-Dubois, Paris. Précis de stomatologie, par le Dr J. Redier, professeur à la Faculté libre de médecine de Lille. Tome premier. Un vol. in-18 de 542 pages, avec 151 figures. — Prix, cartonné: 9 fr. LIBRAIRIE FÉLIX ALCAN 108, boulevard ^Saint-Germain, Paris. Les Agents Thérapeutiques modernes PURGENE Le notnean purgatif synthétique idéal. Lotit exquis. Eviter les contreferons a nom similaire. ANTISCLÉROSINE Le spécifique de l'Artériosclérose. CITROL Gargarisme dosé en ampoules stérilisées. CONVULSINE Le spécifique de l'Epilepsie. ACÉTOPYRINE Auatyé.ique et anlipjrétiqne. TRAUMATOL Le meilleur succédané de riodoforme. EXTRAIT DE MALT JEAN HOFF . Bière fortifiante pasteui isée reconstituante (3 POUDRE STOMACHIQUE p BARELLA Haut d’esiomac, aigreurs, dyspepsies, | manque d’appétit, crampes, etc. KYPH! Faiblesse sexuelle el impuissante. SAVONS DE BERGER Traitement radical des affections cutanées. Dépôt principal: Pharmacia ARBEZ, 24, place d’Aquitaine, Bordeaux. A ★ * SOULAGEMENT et GUÉRISON de l’Asthme, Emphysème, Catarrhe et Suffocations PA R LA LIQUEUR DE L'ÉTOILE ie LECHAUX, amélioré* et préparé* par BASTIEN LLAGUET Ltoenoié ta •etanew — Pk*nn*ol«a anpArlenr. Envoi de brochure et de flacon essai sur demande. PHARMACIE NORMALE, 1(4, me Saisie-Catherin. BORDEAUX ★ hk i *T*I -A ★ 1* ! ★ ★ î ★ ★ ★ ,!★ I ★ 1* I* I* * ★ A •fr Nouveau Formulaire magistral de M. le professeur A. Bouchardat. 34 e édition, par le D r G. Bouchardat, membre de l’Académie de Médecine, professeur à l’Ecole supérieure de pharmacie de Paris, professeur agrégé à la Faculté de médecine de Paris. Un fort vol. in-18 de 672 pages, cartonné à l’anglaise. — Prix : 4 fr. Le Diabète sucré, par R. Lépine, professeur de clinique médicale à l’Université de Lyon, correspondant de l’Institut, associé de l’Académie de Médecine. Un fort vol. grand in-8° de ix-704 pages. — Prix : 16 fr. PIPÉRAZIN E' IVIIDY LE PLUS PUISSANT DISSOLVANT CONNU DE L’ACIDE URIQUE GOUTTE GRAVELLE OOLIQUES NEPHRETIQUES Ph'«M!DY, 113, Faub* St-Honoré, Paris et tontes Pbarnaeiei. DOSG (0,20 car Mesure) 2 à 6 par jOUF^ ! «P*»' JOURNAL DE MÉDECINE DE BORDEAUX 6JUIN 1309 Fondé par : MM. BAUDRIMONT, LANDE, “ AURIAC, R.-SAINT-PHILIPPE, VERDALLE ET P. VERGELY. C O I T É ÜE IF£É31> O T I O 3ST, 11, rue Guiraude, Bordeaux. D' X. ARNOZAN, Directeur, Rédacteur en chet. T>’ J. VERGELY, Secrétaire de la Rédaction. Arnozan (X.) ptol-sseur à la Faculté, niôdrcin honoraire des Hôpitaux. Aucbe (B.), professeur agrégé à la Faculté de Médecine, médecin des Hôpitaux. Bartbe (t..), agrégé à la Faculté deMédecine. pharmacien en chef des Hôpitaux. Bégouin (P.) professeur agrégé à la Faculté de Médecine, chirurgien des Hôpitaux. Bergonié. professeur de physique biologique et d’électricité médicale à l’Université de Cordeaux, chef du service électrothérapique des Hôpitaux. Boursier (A.), professeur à la Faculté de Médecine, chirurgien des Hôpitaux. Caries (P.), prof, agrégé à la Faculté de Médecine. Cbavannaz (G.), professeur agrégé à la Faculté de Médecine, chirurgien des Hôpitaux. Dubreuilb (W.), professeur adjoint à la Faculté de Médecine, médecin des Hôpitaux. Hirigoyen (L.), accoucheur honor. des Hôpitaux. Lalesque (F.), ancien interne des hôpitaux de Paris, président honoraire de la Société scientifique et Station biologique d’Arcachon. Moure (E. J.), professeur adjoint & la Faculté de Medecine (maladies de la gorge, du larynx, des oreilles et du nez). Pitres (A.), doyen de la Faculté de Médecine. Régis (E.). prolesscur adjoint à la Faculté de Médecine (maladies mentales). R.-Saint-Philippe, médecin hon. des hôpitaux. Vergely (J.), ex-chef de Clinique adjoint à la Faculté de médecine. Villar (F.), professeur à la Faculté de Médecine, chirurgien des Hôpitaux. COLLABORATEURS : Abadie, agrégé à la Faculté, médecin des Hôpitaux; — Andérodias, agrégé k la Faculté, accoucheur des Hôpitaux; — Brandeis, prépa rateur du Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique à la Faculté; — Brindel, aide de Clinique laryngologique; — C. Cabannes, agrégé à la Faculté, oculiste des Hôpitaux; — J. Caries, médecin des Hôpitaux; — Charrier, chef de Clinique chirurgicale; — Godet-Boisse, chirurgien de l’Hôpital suburbain des Enfants; — A. Coriveaud (de Blaye); — Cruchet. agrégé à la Faculté, médecin des Hôpitaux ; — Ducos, médecin adjoint de l’Asile d’aliénés de la Rochelle; — A. Fraikin, , directeur de l’Institut orthopédique d’Argelés-Gazost, ex-chef de Clinique chirurgicale; — Frèche, aide de Clinique dermatologique; — C. Fromaget, ex-chef de Clinique ophtalmologique, oculiste de l’Hôpital suburbain du Bouscat; — Gautrelet, agrégé de physiologie à la Facullé; — Grenier de Cardenal, directeur de l’Institut orthopédique d’Argelès-Gazost, ex-chef de Clinique médicale; — A. Guérin, ex-chef adjoint de Clinique médicale; — Guyot, agrégé à la Faculté, chirurgien des Hôpitaux; — D. Hirigoyen, dermatologie; — Lalanne, docteur ès sciences, directeur de la Maison de santé di Castel-d'Andorte (le Bouscat); — Lamarque, ex-chef de Clinique chirurgicale, administrateur des Hôpitaux; — P. Lande, ancien interne des Hôpitaux, médecin légiste de l’Université de Paris ; — Le Dantec, professeur à la Faculté; — Matignon, médecin des Eaux de Châtel-Guyon, préparateur du Laboratoire de pathologie exotique; — Mandoul, agrégé des sciences naturelles à la Faculté de médecine; — Monqour, agrégé à la Facullé, médecin des Hôpitaux ; —Oraison, aide de Clinique des voies urinaires; — J. Pèry, agrégé à la Faculté; — E. Quintrie, ex-chef adjoint de Clinique médicale infantile; — Rabère,chef Interne à l’hôpital Saint-André ; — Roche, ex-chef de Cli nique gynécologique; — Sellier, chef des Travaux de physiologie à la Faculté; — Venot, agrégé à ia Faculté, chirurgien des Hôpitaux ; — L. Verdelet, chirurgien des hôpitaux; — Verger, agrégé A la Faculté, médecin des Hôpitaux ; — Joseph de Saint-Marc, docteur en droit k la Cour d’appel, etc. i ÉCHOS ET NOUVELLES Œuvre d’enseignement médical complémentaire (voyage fl’Études médicales de 1909). — Le voyage d’Études médicales ? E. M. I. 1909 aura lieu du 28 juillet au 16 août à travers l’Angleterre, FÉcosse et l’Irlande. Itinéraire : Londres, Oxford, Cambridge, Sheffield, Manchester, Édimburg, Trossachs (excursion aux lacs écossais), Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin, Liverpool, Bristol, Londres. Concentration à Paris. Dislocation à Londres, d’où l’on pourra revenir à son gré avec des coupons de retour facultatifs. S’adresser pour tous renseignements au siège de l’Œuvre, 12, rue François-Millet, Paris XVI e , le mercredi et le samedi matin, de dix à onze heures (ou sur rendez-vous). Violation du secret médical. — Le D r Thiéry, poursuivi sous l’inculpation de violation du secret médical pour avoir émis publiquement son avis sur l’état mental de Jeanne Weber, a été condamné à 16 francs d’amende avec application de la loi "* -de sursis. i ! | $ Un cas de lèpre a Cardiff. — Les médecins de l’hôpital de Cardiff viennent de découvrir chez un Chinois qui était soigné depuis plusieurs jours, un cas de lèpre. Les précautions nécessaires ont été prises pour que le malade soit isolé. La capacité crânienne de l’homme fossile du type de Néanderthal. — M. Marcelin Boule a repris sur le crâne récemment découvert h La Chapelle-aux-Saints l’étude de la capacité crânienne de l’homme fossile du type de Néanderthal, capacité que l’on estimait voisine de 1,230 centimètres cubes. Les mensurations nouvelles montrent que cette capacité est en réalité beaucoup plus élevée et atteint 1,600 centimètres cubes. Mais ce chiffre élevé de la capacité crânienne ne semble pas avoir correspondu à un cerveau considérable. Le volume du cerveau, dans le type de Néanderthal, paraît, en effet, avoir été peu considérable par rapport au volume des cerveaux logés dans les grosses têtes de l’homme de notre époque. Traitement de la dilatation bronchique par les inhalations continues d’oxygène. — M. Herringham a appliqué cette méthode (dite de Stoker) à un cas de dilatation bronchique chez un jeune homme de vingt ans. Sous l’influence des inhalations d’oxygène faites pendant six heures de suite chaque jour, l’expectoration fétide diminua rapidement; de 300 centimètres cubes environ le 9 novembre, le volume quotidien des crachats tomba à 60 centimètres cubes le 1 er décembre. A ce moment, les inhalations d’oxygène furent remplacées par des inhalations de créosote; quinze jours plus tard, la quantité de crachats était remontée à 150 centimètres cubes, et la fétidité, qui avait disparu, était redevenue plus marquée que jamais. Un nouveau traitement par l’oxygène ramena en douze jours l’expectoration à 30 centimètres cubes, la fétidité ayant entièrement disparu. Le malade accusait d’ailleurs un état général bien plus satisfaisant sous l’influence de l’oxygène et son appétit était meilleur. (Lancet, 1909, 24 avril, p. 1177.) La perméabilité de la peau de nègre aux rayons X. — Pour étudier l’influence des pigments de la peau de nègre sur la pénétration des rayons X, M. Horand a fait comparativement la radiographie d’un blanc et la radiographie d’un nègre du plus beau noir, de Dakar. Les radiographies ont été faites le même jour, a la même heure, avec la même machine statique et la même intensité de courant. Les tubes de Crookes étaient les mêmes. Dans ces conditions, sur le cliché, les os du nègre se voyaient avec une netteté admirable, et les parties molles elles-mêmes se dessinaient très bien, très accentuées sur la gélatine. Sur les papiers, les moindres détails de la structure du tissu osseux apparaissaient avec une netteté admirable. Les parties molles, à peine perceptibles pour la main, par exemple, du blanc, se voyaient très nettement dessinées sur le cliché et sur la radiographie sur papier de la main du nègre. Le pigment noir du nègre avait donc, à n’en pas douter, fait écran contre les rayons X et s’était ainsi photographié sur les plaques sensibles. En mettant deux radiographies, une d’un nègre et l’autre d’un blanc l’une a côté de l’autre, quiconque peut dire ; celle-là est une main de nègre et celle-là une main de blanc, La plus noire sur papier est celle du nègre. (Soc. des Sciences méd. de Lyon.) VALS <aREINE ■/Ibùolumeut mdquee daiiô leo MALADIES INFECTIEUSES GASTRO-ENTÉRITE des ENFANTS du 1” âge AFFECTIONS du FOIE et de l’ESTOMAC L’Eau de la Reine de Vais est la meilleure Eau de table des Arünllipes Toutes Pharmacies ou s’adresser à M. CHAMPETIER, à Vals-les-Bains (Ardèche) AidbiÉi ^ rt* INDEX BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE OCTAVE D OIN, ÉDITEUR • temur a 0 NI TOXÏQ uE rvoïE JaISONORG^'* 1 ' * 9 PAS D’IODISME ■ ® " parfaite STOWft cALE I :?3Sm«53ïï5£ gHf^SSl. m.,»—>»•• S ïr»spwif [ ÏNDOloilAjI^ joutes les Indications^*®^* p ^ r asyph Syphilis secondRachitisme, torpides et g*™" 1 ‘chroniques, Adbe. .t Ech*«tillons: A. C Artério-Sclérose, 'Stâssrtâû ^tT43, Rue < 8, place de l’Odéon. Paris (VI*). Traité d’hygiène maritime. Première partie : l’Hygiène dans la navigation de commerce, par A. Chantemesse, professeur d’hygiène à la Faculté de médecine de l’Université de Paris, membre de l’Académie de médecine, etc.; F. Borel, médecin sanitaire maritime, etc., et J. Dupuy, médecin sanitaire maritime, etc. Un vol. in-8° raisin de 648 pages, avec 22 figures dans le texte et une carte hors texte. — Prix : 14 fr. Traité de l’alimentation et de la nutrition à l’état normal et pathologique, par le D r E. Maurel, médecin principal de réserve de la Marine, professeur à la Faculté de médecine de Toulouse. Troisième vol. : Ration de la grossesse, de l’allaitement et du travail. Influence qui modifient toutes les rations. Indications pratiques sur les aliments d’origine animale et végétale. Un vol, in-8° de 700 pages. IODE PHYSIOLOGIQUE, SOLUBLE, ASSIMILABLE L’IODALOSE EST LA SEULE SOLUTION TITRÉE DU PEPTONIODE Combinaison directe et entièrement stable de l'Iode avec ia Peptone Découverte en 1896 par E. GALBRUN, Docteur en Pharmacia Communication au XIII• Congrès International de Médecine, Parla 1900. Remplace Iode et Iodures dans toutes leurs applications, sans Iodisme. Vingt gouttes IODALOSE agissent comme un gramme Iodure alcalin. Doses motiwwss : cinq à vingt gouttes pour Enfants ; dix & cinquante gouttes pour Adultea. Demander Brochure sur /'Iodothérapie physiologique par le Peptoniode. Laboratoire GALBRUN, 18. Rue Oberkampf. PARIS. LIBRAIRIE A. MALOINE 25-27, rue de l’École-de-Médecine, Paris. Clinique thérapeutique du praticien, par les D rs H. Huchard, membre de l’Académie de Médecine, médecin de l’hôpital Nécker, et Ch. Fiessinger, membre correspondant de l’Académie de Médecine. Deuxième partie. Un vol. in-8° carré de 420 pages. Les Régimes alimentaires dans la santé et la maladie, par le D r F. de GrandmaisoN. Un vol. de 275 pages. — Prix : 4 fr. L’Admission des malades aisés dans les hôpitaux. Ses abus. Remèdes, par le D r Léon Archambault, membre du Syndicat médical de Paris. TRAVAUX ORIGINAUX A propos des calculs pliospliatiques (*) ; Par le Dr P. CARLES, Correspondant de l'Académie de Médecine. En examinant naguère le rein apporté par M. Loumeau avec son calcul coralliforme, nous nous demandions si on n’aurait pas pu empêcher ou tout au moins notablement retarder cette calculose qui avait commandé la néphrectomie. Puisque, nous disions-nous, la chimie physiologique a présidé à cette formation, elle doit suggérer aussi des moyens de faire un travail inverse. Pour y arriver, il nous a paru qu’il y avait lieu de suivre pas à pas ce que la nature morbide venait de faire. Les calculs urinaires forment deux grandes classes : ceux des urines trop acides et ceux des urines trop alcalines. Les calculs pliospliatiques appartiennent à ce dernier groupe. Comme, malgré tout, l’urine, à son point d’émergence, est toujours acide, il faut, pour que les calculs dits alcalins se forment : 1° que cette urine subisse un temps d’arrêt au point de formation du calcul; 2° qu’elle rencontre en ce point des ferments capables de transformer son urée en carbonate d’ammoniaque. C’est, en effet, ce carbonate qui, par ses proportions progressives, sature l’acidité de l’urine et peut l’amener à l’état de véritable dissolution ammoniacale. Ces considérations nous font entrevoir combien est variable chez les calculeux, commençants surtout, la gamme d’alcalinisation de l’urine. Cette gamme a trois facteurs principaux : a) le genre d’alimentation du sujet, qui peut à la suite fournir des urines tantôt très acides, tantôt voisines de la neutralité; b) la quantité d’eau absorbée sous n’importe quelle forme (bouillon, bière, lait, eau fraîche, thé, café, limonade), car cette quantité commande plus ou moins les temps d’arrêt de tout à l’heure; enfin c) l’activité du ferment ammoniacal, puisque c’est lui qui a le dernier mot, la prépondérance, dans l’action chimique, action sans laquelle le calcul ne peut se former. Voilà pourquoi, selon que ces facteurs agiront de concert ou se contrarieront, l’acidité naturelle de l’urine baissera plus ou moins vite ou se maintiendra à un degré faible, mais constant, et nous aurons alors les dépôts individuels ou mélangés suivants; ce seront, selon la baisse de l’acidité et dans l’ordre suivant : l’oxalate de chaux, le phosphate ammoniaco-magnésien, les phosphates de chaux bi ou tribasique, et enfin (*) Communication faite le 26 mars à la Société de Médecine de Bordeaux. | les carbonates de magnésie et de chaux avec tout le cortège des matières animales. Ces derniers sont l’indice de l’extrême alcalinité. Le problème chimico-physiologique à résoudre pour j s’opposer à cette insolubilisation méthodique consisterait donc : 1° A remonter l’acidité constante de Burine; 2° A empêcher la fermentation ammoniacale de se produire ; 3° A accélérer la marche de l’urine. Voyons comment on peut réaliser ces trois conditions. Pour obtenir le premier résultat, l’acide phosphorique nous parait de tous les autres le plus indiqué. Au dire de certains auteurs, il ferait partie du cortège de ceux qu’on trouve dans le suc gastrique. Dans tous les cas, c’est ceiui que notre organisme supporte le mieux. Nous en trouvons la cause dans l’aisance avec laquelle il se transforme en sels mono et bibasiques et dans le faible poids de bases presque quelconques qu’il lui faut pour cela. Le professeur Pouchet dit à son sujet (Précis de pharmacologie, 1907, p. 622) : « Dans les cas d’hypoacidité normale, on constate le ralentissement des processus intimes de nutrition ; la formation de dépôts phosphatiques est facilitée par insuffisance d’acidité, et l’intervention de l’acide phosphorique comme agent modificateur est tout à fait logique et rationnelle. C’est' un agent de premier ordre pour relever l’acidité générale, rétablir l’équilibre des oxydations, solubiliser les phosphates alcalino-terreux insolubles en milieu hypoacide. C’est, de plus, un stimulant de cet ensemble de phénomènes que l’on caractérise par l’appellation de propriétés vitales. Enfin, il agit encore à titre d’antiseptique et d’agent, constituant un terrain de plus grande résistance. » Gubler (commentaires du Codex, p. 566) dit à son sujet : « Comme acidulé, l’acide phosphorique dilué a été employé pour aciduler les urines et dissoudre la gravelle phosphatique, si commune à la suite du catarrhe purulent de la vessie et des opérations pratiquées sur les organes génito-urinaires. » Et ailleurs (p. 565) : c Dans l’épuisement nerveux, l’acide phosphorique rendrait de tels services qu’un auteur américain impose à sa solution aqueuse la dénomination de limonade psychologique. Les thérapeutes qui éprouvent le besoin d’employer des médicaments modernes pourront, au lieu d’acide phosphorique, prescrire en pareil cas des glycérophosphates, mais, ne l’oublions pas, des glycérophosphates acides. Voici, du reste, ce que dit d’eux encore le professeur Pouchet (même vol., p. 631, ligne 28) : « Sauf pour les injections hypodermiques, il y a intérêt | à se servir de solutions acidulées des glycérophos★ phates; l’action dynamophore est alors plus active, plus intense. On note avec leur emploi une très remarquable élévation du titre acidimétrique urinaire. » La forme phamaceutique sous laquelle on pourra prescrire l’acide phosphorique pourra être avantageusement la limonade. Sa formule ne figure plus, il est vrai, au Codex nouveau, ainsi que celle de beaucoup d’autres médicaments qui n’avaient pas cependant démérité; mais on la retrouve dans l’édition précédente, où elle est calquée, du reste, sur celle de l’antique limonade sulfurique. Cette forme de limonade est de choix en cette circonstance parce qu’elle oblige le malade à absorber une certaine quantité d’eau capable d’activer le cours de l’urine et de laver enfin l’appareil urinaire. C'est le second point que nous recherchons ici. Quant aux glycérophosphates acides, le Codex les a oubliés, et les traités récents de pharmacie pareillement. Un pharmacien sagace a seul, tout récemment, compris l’importance du chapitre que nous avons écrit à leur sujet il y a dix ans, à la demande de plusieurs praticiens. Ce chapitre a cependant été reproduit sans délai par tous les journaux de pharmacie ('). Ces glycéro-phosphates acides, très solubles et même hygroscopiques, peuvent être administrés comme les sels neutres, à la dose de 1 à 2 grammes par jour. Mais, dans l’espèce, il serait bon d’indiquer au malade de boire à la suite un verre d’eau minérale •telle que Évian, Alet, Châteline et même l’eau de la Ville de Bordeaux gazéifiée. Nous avons déjà dit quel serait leur rôle de lessivage du rein et on pressent pourquoi on l’obtiendrait mieux en dehors du repas. Il ne nous reste plus qu’à combattre directement la fermentation ammoniacale de l’urine. Nous avons déjà vu que sur ce point Pouchet attribuait à l’acide phosphorique un rôle antiseptique. Dans son Précis des maladies des reins, le D r Jacques Caries recommande (p. 599), pour combattre l’infection urinaire, cause première de la calculose, de n’employer que des antiseptiques peu irritants, sous peine de réactions fâcheuses. Il indique : les balsamiques légers, l’huile de Harlem ( 2 ), le salol, l’acide benzoïque, antiseptique acide qui a l’avantage d’arriver en partie aux urines sous forme d’acide hippurique; l’urotropine, douée de propriétés encore acidifiantes; enfin l’eau de goudron. aqueux. Mais c’est à la condition qu’elle soit préparée selon le Codex et non pas avec les multiples liqueurs concentrées du commerce, toutes alcalines. Elle ne devra pas davantage être préparée à la manière des ménages, tout juste bonne pour déguiser la mauvaise eau. Fracture de l’olécrane traité par la suture. Guérison. Résultat éloigné ('); Par le D* CODET-BOISSE, Chirurgien de l’hôpital suburbain des Enfants. La grande majorité des chirurgiens admet aujourd’hui l’opportunité de l’action opératoire dans le traitement des fractures de la rotule, et les discussions auxquelles donne encore lieu cette question ne visent guère le principe de cette intervention, parfaitement légitimée, mais seulement les différentes techniques opératoires. L’opinion n’est pas aussi précise en ce qui concerne les fractures de l’olécrâne. C’est pour cela qu’il m’a paru intéressant de vous présenter l l observation d’un malade que j’ai eu l’occasion d’opérer dans mon service de la clinique Pasteur, en octobre 1906. Il s’agissait d’un homme, Arthur S..., âgé de cinquantehuit ans, de bonne santé habituelle, exerçant la profession de peintre dans un chantier de construction navale. Le 30 septembre 1906, occupé sur un échafaudage assez élevé, la main courante sur laquelle il s’appuyait venant à céder, il fit en arrière une chute de plusieurs mètres. Le coude droit fut directement traumatisé dans cette chute sans qu’il nous ait été possible de déterminer de quelle façon exacte. Le malade me fut conduit par son médecin, M. le D r Gachet, quelques heures après son accident. L’examen, pratiqué à ce moment-là, me montra un coude déjà très volumineux, toute la partie postérieure ecchymotique et contuse. L’épiderme était éraillé sur une assez large place. Sur la face postéro-externe du coude était une plaie à bords contus et peu nets. Cette plaie, de 4 centimètres environ, intéressait manifestement l’articulation ; elle donnait issue à du sang s’écoulant en grande abondance. La palpation du coude nous permit de reconnaître facilement l’existence d’une fracture de l’olécràne à sa hase. Entre les deux fragments il existait un bon travers de doigt d’écartement. Sans autre exploration, une radiographie fut faite le soir même par notre confrère et ami le D r Roque!. Ce cliché radiographique confirma le diagnostic de fracture de l’olécrâne en même temps qu’il montra l’existence d’une fracture de la tète radiale et la présence de nombreuses esquilles osseuses. L’ouverture traumatique de l’articulation, l’écart des fragments olécraniens, assez considérable, la présence de débris (*) Communication faite à la Société d'Aoatomie dans la séance du 25 janvier 1909. 6 Juin 19U9 JOURNAL DE MÉDECINE DE BORDEAUX — 23 — 359 osseux articulaires, me parurent justifier pleinement une intervention, que je pratiquai le lendemain même de l’accident. Incision verticale postérieure et médiane (en tissus non contus). L’articulation, ouverte, fut débarrassée, avec un doigt coiffé d’une compresse, de ses caillots et de trois ou quatre esquilles. Les surfaces de fractures, rendues bien nettes, furent réunies par deux fils d’argent passés à l’aide d’un foret à main. Le premier de ces fils fut correctement passé, demeurant entièrement dans l’épaisseur des fragments. Pour le deuxième, le foret, mal conduit, transfixa le fragment osseux; aussi le fil d’argent fut-il, pour partie de son trajet, intra-articulaire. Les fils serrés, l’affrontement fut complètement et correctement obtenu. Réunion des parties molles sans drainage par deux plans de suture au catgut et aux crins de Florence. Je laissai sans suture la plaie résultant du traumatisme. Ig. 1. Pansement aseptique et immobilisation en rectitude au moyen de quelques bandes plâtrées qui forment un appareil fenètré à la partie postérieure du coude. Les suites opératoires furent très simples. Le cinquième jour tout appareil est supprimé et la mobilisation est commencée. Le dixième jour les points sont enlevés. Les plaies opératoires et accidentelles sont réunies per primam. Du massage et de la mobilisation forcés sont faits chaque jour pendant plusieurs semaines. Très rapidement la flexion et l’extension sont possibles dans une large mesure, et leur limitation est manifestement et seulement due à la fracture de la tête radiale. Moins d’un mois après l’intervention, l’extension complète et spontanée est possible ; la flexion spontanée dépasse légèrement l’angle droit. Une double radiographie (face et profil), faite un mois après l’opération, montre que l’affrontement des fragments s’est parfaitement maintenue, malgré la rupture des fils d’argent. Il n’y a pas encore de consolidation osseuse. Deux mois après l’accident le malade reprenait son travail. 11 est revu le 11 décembre 1906. Il n’y a pas de cal appréciable. LVxtension de l’avant-bras sur le bras est complète. La flexion dépasse l’angle droit. Le blessé a repris son travail, qu’il exécute sans souffrir. Il se peigne et se rase sans aucune maladresse. Le 21 janvier 1909 (28 mois après l’opération), le blessé n’a jamais souffert de son coude. La flexion est cependant limitée Fig. 2. Un mois après l’intervention. Fig. 3. Plus de deux ans après l’intei v. ntion. bien au delà de l’angle droit (il peut toucher le moignon de l’épaule avec l’extrémité des doigts). La supination est également imparfaite. Cette limitation des mouvements es: due à la fracture ‘radiale, dont la consolidation n’est pas dans une forme idéale, comme le montre la radiographie. La palpation du coude ne décèle rien d’anormal. Pas de cal. Pas trace de la fracture olécranienne. Une radiographie faite à ce moment-là 360 N" 23 — JOURNAL DE MÉDECINE DE BORDEAUX 6 Juin 1919 (plus de deux ans après l’opération) montre l’exacte consolidation de la fracture et la parfaite continuité du tissu osseux. Elle montre aussi la persistance dés fils d’argent intacts. Chez notre malade, les indications opératoires étaient nettes : Condition sociale du blessé, qui avait besoin d'un membre rapidement et solidement utile; ouverture de l’articulation; grand écart de fragments; esquilles osseuses, etc. Les résultats de l’intervention ont été bons et rapides, malgré que le traumatisme de l’articulation ait été grand. Les fils d’argent sont encore intacts après plus de deux ans et ont été parfaitement tolérés. 11 n’y a jamais eu de cal volumineux, et la radiographie, 28 mois après la suture, montre la parfaite continuité des tissus osseux. Ces heureux résultats de la suture olécranienne sont la règle, et je pourrais rapprocher de ce cas celui d’un malade, ouvrier peintre également, qui, tombant d’un échafaudage à travers une véranda, se fractura l’olécrane. La suture au fil d’argent, pratiquée en 1903 par mon maître M. le professeur Démons, donna un très bon et rapide résultat. A propos de ces faits, rappelons que ce fut Lister le premier qui, en 1873, pratiqua la suture de l’olécrâne; puis Cameron, en 1878; Smith, en 1880; Mac, Cormac, Langenback, Trendelenburg, en 1880. Mais on ne songeait alors à pratiquer cette intervention que pour les fractures anciennes mal consolidées. Ollier, en 1882, le premier, intervint pour une fracture récente et ouverte. La question fut étudiée à la Société de Chirurgie de Paris en novembre 1883, et la suture osseuse trouva des partisans en Lucas-Championnière, Pozzi, Richelot. Les interventions devinrent alors nombreuses. Des observations furent publiées de Michaux, Reverdin, Tachard, Adenot, Keetly, Tolbrech, Routier, Rollet, Forgue, Piquand, Quénu, etc. Quelques-unes de ces observations ont été rapportées dans les thèses de Vercoustre, Gigon, Pancrazi, Desportes, un travail d’Abadie et Delage, etc. Ce triceps ne s’insérant pas au sommet de l’olécrâne, le fragment supérieur, attiré en haut, subit fréquemment un mouvement de bascule qui oriente directement en arrière sa surface de fracture. (La radiographie de notre blessé (fig. 1) montre dans un degré appréciable ce mouvement de bascule.) L’épanchement articulaire, presque toujours considérable, maintient encore l’écart des fragments. Pour Chaput, ce serait môme la cause principale de la difficulté de réduction, et une ponction de l’articulation rendrait cette réduction aisée. Enfin, ces fractures (souvent par choc direct) sont fréquemment esquilleuses. Il n’est pas rare non plus de trouver entre les fragments des lambeaux fibreux. Tout cela constitue autant de raisons qui paraissent en faveur de l’intervention, et cependant, dans ces dernières années, il semble que les partisans de la mobilisation et du massage soient devenus plus nombreux. Dans une récente discussion à la Société de Chirurgie de Paris à propos d’une observation de M. Lenormant, M. Lueas-Championnière a insisté à nouveau sur l’excellence des résultats donnés par le massage immédiat dans le traitement des fractures de l’olécrâne : « Je crois, en effet, a-t-il dit, que cette méthode avance considérablement la consolidation osseuse, en accélérant les progrès de l’ossification;, elle me paraît donc devoir être préférée à la suture osseuse dans la majorité des cas. t> MM. Morestin,. Routier, Picqué, ont rapporté également des cas favorables au massage. Comme l’a fait remarquer M. Quénu, un cal osseux, n’est pas indispensable pour une bonne fonctiondu membre; et, à ce point de vue, les fractures de l’olécràne ne sauraient être comparées à celles de la rotule, l’extension de l’avant-bras ne nécessitant pas un effort d’énergie comparable à celui d’extension de la jambe et l’action du triceps brachial ne pouvant être comparée à celle du quadriceps fémoral, qui a charge de tout le poids du corps. C’est là vraisemblablement, avec le peu d’écart des fragments dans certains cas, ce qui explique les bons résultats fonctionnels des méthodes non sanglantes. L’ostéosynthèse défendue par Quénu, Tuffier, Delbet, Demoulin, conserve cependant de nombreuses indications. Index bibliographique. Arabie et Delage. Indications et technique de la suture de l’olécràne (Revue d'orthopédie, 1904, 2 e série, Y, p. 242). Adenot. Suture osseuse dans les fractures de la rotule et de l’olécràne (/X e Congrès fr. de Chir., Paris, 1895, p. 639). Bellin. Traitement des fractures simples et récentes de l’olécrane, thèse de Lyon, 1891. Ciiaput. Presse médicale, 28 nov. 1903. Desportes. De la suture osseuse dans les fractures de l'olécrâne. Indications et résultats, thèse de Paris, 1907. Forgue. In travail Abadie et Delage (loc. cit.). Gigon. De la suture osseuse dans le traitement des fractures de Volécrane, thèse de Paris, 1890. Gosset. In thèse Desportes. Jalaguier (L.). Fractures de l'olécrâne, th. de Paris, 1897. Keetly. Tolbrecii, Rollet, etc. In thèse Pancrazi (loc. cit.). Lenormant (Observation). Lucas-Championnière, rapporteur; discussion : Monod, Quénu, Tuflier, Morestin, Broca, Delbet, Routier, Picqué, Denioulin, Société de Chirurgie, 10 juin 1908 (Semaine médicale, 1908, p. 298); — Presse médicale, n° 49, 17 juin 1908, p. 390. Pancrazi. Suture osseuse dans les fractures de l'olécrâne, thèse de Montpellier, 1902; — Société de Chirurgie de Paris, nov. 83. Discussion: Lucas-Championnière, Pozzi, Richelot (in travail d’Abadie et Delage, loc. cit.). Piquand. Fracturede l’olécrâne avec luxation du coudeen avant. Ablation de fragment olécranien intermédiaire. Suture du fragment supérieur au cubitus. Bon résultat (Société anatomique de Paris, 15 mai 1908); — Pr. tnéd.,1908, p.328. Quénu. Soc. chir., 15 juillet 1908. Observation; — Presse médicale, 1908, p. 463. Routier. Bull. Soc. Chir., 1900, p. 376. Tachard. Bull. Soc. Chir., 1894. Terrier. In thèse Desportes. Verconutré. Thèse de Paris, 1893. Wade. British medical Journal, 1904, 3 déc., n° 2292, p. 1516; — Fracture de l’olécrâne. Consolidation osseuse .dans un mois chez une femme de soixante-treize ans (consolidation osseuse rare, dit l’auteur) (Presse médicale, 11 janv. 1905, p. 24). SOCIÉTÉ DE B O E D EAUX Séance du 23 avril 1909. — Présidence de M. Denucé, Président. Le procès-verbal de la précédente séance est lu et adopté. Après lecture du rapport de M. Guyot sur la candidature de M. Princeteau, ce dernier est élu membre de la Société. Ostéotomie sous-trochantérienne. M. Codet-Boisse fait une communication avec présentation de malade. (Sera publiée.) Tumeur lipomateuse de la face antérieure du thorax. M. Puyhaubebt fait une communication. M. Denucé souligne la rareté des tumeurs de ce genre. Il s’agissait d’un lipome attaché par un pédicule ou péricliondre du cartilage costal, analogue en cela aux lipomes périostiques, dont le matin même il a eu l’occasion d’opérer un cas : petite tumeur lipomateuse s’insérant sur le frontal par un trousseau fibreux. Absence congénitale du péroné avec malformation du pied. M. Guyot fait une communication avec présentation de malade. M. Princeteau félicite M. Guyot du bon résultat obtenu chez son petit malade. 11 a actuellement en observation un petit patient, dont les malformations anatomiques du membre inférieur sont analogues à celles du malade de M. Guyot. En raison de son jeune âge, il n’a pas encore songé à l’opérer. Pour lui permettre de faire ses premiers pas, il lui avait tout d’abord placé un appareil plâtré permettant la marche avec point d’appui sur le gros orteil. En raison de la conicité du membre, cet appareil tenait mal, aussi l’a-t-il remplacé par deux attelles en bois qui consolident le membre, tiennent le pied en équinisme et permettent la marche sur l’extrémité du gros orteil. Il se propose de faire à cet enfant une opération analogue à celle qu’a pratiquée M. Guyot, c’est-à-dire une sorte de Wladimiroff-Mikulickz fixant le pied dans le prolongement de l’axe de la jambe, mais il respectera le solide point d’appui du tendon d’Achille. En ce qui concerne la pathogénie de ces malformations, il semble que chez ce petit malade on retrouve un sillon sur la partie inférieure du membre témoignant d’adhérences amniotiques. M. Denucé insiste sur la grande rareté des cas de ce genre et la difficulté qu’il y a à les traiter. Ils s’accompagnent parfois de fracture congénitale du tibia. Le traitement chirurgical peut donner de bons résultats, améliorés encore par le développement ultérieur du membre. M. Guyot. Notre observation est à rapprocher de celles de Frœlich, Walther, Infroit et Heitz et permet de combattre la thèse de Yilcoq, qui rapproche à tort les absences congénitales du péroné des fractures congénitales du tibia. Chez notre malade, la radiographie que je vous soumets est probante à ce sujet, on ne peut songer à l’existence d’une fracture intra-utérine. Absence congénitale unilatérale des muscles pectoraux. M. A noter son abondance toute particulière dans l’ovaire et l’hypophyse. L’ovaire, atrophié, sclérosé, montre le parasite dans les tubes de Valentin-Pflüger atrésiés, et dans l’intérieur même des follicules primordiaux. Les figures microscopiques et les lésions de cet organe concordent exactement avec l’étude qu’en font Levaditi et Roché dans leur récent traité. L’hypophyse renferme d’abondants spirochètes dans son lobe glandulaire et dans son lobe nerveux. Le tissu interstitiel du lobe glandulaire hyperplasié est le siège de prédilection du parasite. Nous insistons sur cette localisation de spirochæte pallida, rarement encore décrit dans l’hypophyse des hérédosyphilitiques. Épithélioma intra-utérin développé chez une fibromateuse. MM. Pierre-Nadal et Lacouture font une communication avec présentation de pièce. M. Roche fait remarquer l’intérêt de cette présentation. Il y voit l’occasion de rappeler à nouveau ce qu’il a souvent dit : Si chez une fibromateuse ayant déjà fait sa ménopause depuis un certain temps, on voit survenir à nouveau des hémorragies, il faut toujours penser à l’existence d’une tumeur maligne. Luxation congénitale de la hanche. M. Gourdon fait deux communications sur : 1° Un nouveau signe de diagnostic précoce de la luxation congénitale de la hanche, basé sur « la rotation interne exagérée de la cuisse». 2° Un procédé d’exploration « tridigitale » do l’extrémité supérieure du fémur, dans les cas de luxation congénitale de la hanche, permettant d’apprécier, en même temps : la forme et le volume de la tête fémorale, la forme et le volume du grand trochanter, la longueur et la direction du col. (Ces communications seront publiées ultérieurement.) M. Guyot. Tout ce qui touche au diagnostic de luxation congénitale de la hanche est intéressant et le diagnostic de l’état anatomique de la hanche luxée doit être poussé très loin. Le second procédé d’exploration que décrit M. Gourdon est à cet égard très utile, il est employé par tous les chirurgiens qui ont l’habitude d’examiner des luxés de la hanche, il se fait presque s ponte sua. M. Guyot pense donc que M. Gourdon a simplement voulu faire ressortir l’importance de cette manœuvre admise et pratiquée par tous. M. Petit de la Villéon demande si le premier signe décrit par M. Gourdon est susceptible de rendre des services dans les cas d’un diagnostic réellement difficile. M. Gourdon répond à M. Guyot que jamais, à sa connaissance, aucun auteur n’a décrit l’exploration de la hanche telle qu’il l’indique. Il n’a jamais vu de chirurgien pratiquer l’exploration de la hanche de cette façon. Avec les procédés d’exploration classiquement décrits, on ne peut se rendre compte de l'état de la tête et de son volume, surtout de la longueur du col et de sa direction. Il croit ce procédé d’examen tridigital un procédé personnel et il lui a paru utile de le faire connaître. Il a, du reste, été adopté par des chirurgiens qui l’emploient couramment. A M. Petit de la Villéon il répond que le signe nouveau qu’il a décrit (possibilité de rotation interne exagérée) est surtout utile dans les cas douteux de luxation de la hanche et qu’il donne des résultats certains. M. Denucé a mis à l’étude dans son service, depuis six ou huit mois, le signe nouveau (rotation interne exagérée de la cuisse) signalé par M. Gourdon. Il a été surtout recherché chez les enfants très jeunes, et, jusqu’à ce jour, on l’a trouvé chez tous les luxés A sa dernière consultation, il a été trouvé positif chez un bébé non encore soupçonné atteint de luxation et la radiographie a démontré qu’il y avait bien une subluxation congénitale de la hanche. M. Princeteau. Il est certain que les radiographies donnent de très mauvais renseignements au point de vue de la forme anatomique de l’extrémité fémorale. Quant au second procédé d’exploration dont parle M. Gourdon, il est employé comme le dit M. Guyot sponte sua par tous les chirurgiens. Pour lui, il a l’habitude d’explorer la hanche luxée en embrassant l’articulation de toute la main (empaumement) le pouce en avant, les autres doigts en arrière apprécient la forme de la tête et du col. M. Codet-Boisse. Bien que sujets à fausse interprétation, les renseignements donnés par la radiographie sont peut-être encore les plus précis. Mais il est nécessaire pour bien lire ces radiographies qu’elles soient faites par le chirurgien lui-même, ou • tout au moins sous ses yeux, afin qu’il sache exactement dans quelle situation se trouvait le malade au moment de la pose. Si cela est utile, les épreuves doivent être multipliées dans des positions différentes. Quant au palper de l’extrémité fémorale, il est bien évident que c’est dans la flexion et l’adduction forcées, comme cela est indiqué partout, qu’il peut être utilement pratiqué, la tête étant ainsi saillante et accessible au maximum. G Juin 1909 JOURNAL DE MÉDECINE DE BORDEAUX — 23 — 363 M. Codet-Boisse. La réduction n’est pas tout, en effet, chez les enfants âgés et j’ai pu l’obtenir anatomiquement bonne chez plusieurs de mes malades. Les plus grosses difficultés de traitement commencent avec l’ankylose consécutive. Pour chercher à éviter cette ankylosé, je ne prolonge plus l’immobilisation au delà de cinq mois. M. Petit de la Villéon, comme M. Codet-Boisse, pense que chez les enfants âgés il y a intérêt à diminuer la période d’immobilisation. Chez une enfant de treize ans vue dernièrement par lui il n’a pas voulu intervenir, l’enfant ayant été antérieurement traitée sans résultat. M. Codet-Boisse ne pense pas que des tentatives antérieures de réduction soient une contre-indication à intervenir de nouveau. Chez deux malades (actuellement sorties d’appareil et encore en traitement post-opératoire) chez lesquelles une opération antérieure n’avait pas donné de résultat, il a pu obtenir une bonne réduction anatomique. Les choses sont seulement rendues plus difficiles et le résultat est moins certain en raison des déformations que la première intervention peut avoir fait subir à la tête. Si donc il n’y a pas d’autre contreindication à intervenir qu'une réduction antérieure, on peut encore agir avec l’espoir de rendre service à son malade. M. Gourdon. Bien qu’un enfant ait été opéré une ou deux fois antérieurement, cela ne constitue pas une contre-indication à intervenir à nouveau. Les résultats d’une nouvelle intervention dépendent alors surtout de l’état anatomique de la tête. Les chances de succès sont diminuées ou nulles s’il y a, par exemple, de la coxa valga exagérée ou une usure trop grande de la tête fémorale. M. Princeteau croit ausssi qu’on ne doit pas tenir compte d’une réduction antérieure. Il a actuellement dans son service une petite malade luxée des deux côtés et antérieurement opérée à Paris. D’un côté la réduction est bonne, de l’autre elle ne s’était pas maintenue. M. Princeteau a réduit à nouveau et il escompte un bon résultat. Bec-de-lièvre. M. Princeteau fait une communication avec présentation de malade sur un cas de bec-de-lièvre opéré. La séance est levée. SOCIÉTÉ DE MÉDECINE ET DE CHIRURGIE DE BORDEAUX Compte rendu analytique de la séance du 28 mai 1909. Prurit vulvaire dû à des oxyures. MM. Petges et Brandeis rapportent un cas des plus intéressants de prurit vulvaire grave par les phénomènes nerveux qu’il avait occasionnés. Il n’exislait aucune des causes ordinaires de ces prurits et, pensant à la possibilité d’une tumeur vésicale, on pratiqua l’examen des urines, qui permit de déceler avec des leucocytes des œufs d’oxyures. Le traitement des oxyures local et général amena la guérison. Le prurit avait duré deux ans. Action sédative des eaux radio-actives. M. Ferras rappelle les expériences de Moureux sur la radioactivité des eaux de Luchon et expose certains faits cliniques qui découlent de ces expériences. Il compare les radio-activités des diverses sources françaises et étrangères et insiste sur la grande radio-activité du groupe Bordeu, alors que le groupe Reine a une radio-activité très faible. Si l’on se rappelle les propriétés cliniques des deux groupes, excitantes (Reine) et sédatives (Bordeu), il est à croire que la radio-activité a une action sédative et non excitante, comme le mot radio-activité semblerait l’indiquer. Traitement de la tuberculose pulmonaire par la tuberculine T. J. M. Durodié rapporte un cas de tuberculose pulmonaire traité et guéri par la tuberculine T. J. Compte rendu analytique de la séance du 4 juin 1909. Prothèse dans un cas de perforation de la voûte palatine et du voile du palais. M. Delguel montre un malade âgé de cinquante ans qui a contracté la syphilis il y a quelques années et qui a présenté il y a quelques mois deux gommes qui ont entraîné deux perforations au niveau de la voûte palatine et du voile du palais. Pour remédier aux troubles de la phonation et de la déglutition, M. Dfiguel a fait un appareil prothétique en caoutchouc qui porte deux bouchons en caoutchouc non vulcanisé qui viennent obturer les deux perforations. Fermeture chirurgicale des anus contre nature. M. Bégouin présente un malade chez lequel il a pratiqué la fermeture d’un anus contre nature en faisant une entéroraphie latérale par la voie péritonéale. Il insiste sur les avantages que cette méthode présente, lorsqu’elle est applicable, sur l’entérectomie, qui donne une mortalité bien plus considérable. Cancer du testicule à allure clinique atypique. M. Pousson rapporte le cas d’une tumeur du testicule qui a pu donner lieu à une erreur clinique et anatomo-pathologique macroscopique. Un jeune homme de vingt-quatre ans présentait un testicule douloureux; on pensa à une épididymite tuberculeuse d’autant plus plausible qu’il existait des accidents tuberculeux chez des collatéraux. Les injections de chlorure de zinc et une saison à Salies n’apportèrent aucun changement dans la situation : les douleurs étaient de plus en plus vives. M. Pousson proposa l’ablation de l’épididyme et au besoin celle du testicule. A l’intervention : épididyme bosselé, testicule bourré d’abcès miliaires. Le tout est enlevé, mais bientôt douleur et tuméfaction dans la région lombaire. On pense à un abcès par congestion, mais l’examen microscopique montra qu’il s’agissait d’un cancer qui se généralisa bientôt aux ganglions prévertébraux, dont l’augmentation de volume avait pu faire penser à un abcès par congestion. La tumeur a actuellement envahi presque tout l’abdomen. CHRONIQUE LOCALE Concours pour deux placES de 1 er et 2 e élève interne à l’hôpital Saint-Jean. Ce concours sera ouvert le 8 juillet 1909. Ne seront admis à concourir que les élèves en médecine ayant au moins douze inscriptions. Les inscriptions seront reçues jusqu’au 3 juillet inclusivement a l’Hôtel ûalléas, rue Boudard, n° 39, division de la Police municipale, 4 e bureau. Examens d’aptitude à l’emploi de médecin auxiliaire. En vertu du décret du 3 mars 1932, nul ne peut être nommé à l’emploi de médecin auxiliaire sans avoir subi un examen spécial dont les matières sont indiquées dans ce décret. Le même examen est exigé des docteurs en médecine, candidats au grade de médecin de réserve, qui n’auraient pas été pourvus du grade de médecin auxiliaire pendant le cours de leurs éludes. Cet examen est également exigible des pharmaciens de l re classe, candidats au grade de pharmacien de réserve. Candidats médecins. — Afin de faciliter aux candidats médecins des dilférentes catégories l’étude des questions sur lesquelles ils auront à répondre, un cours spécial facultatif sera ouvert le 24 juin 1909, à trois heures est demie, dans un des amphithéâtres d’examen de la Faculté de médecine, et se continuera les jeudis et samedis de chaque semaine. M. le Médecin-Major de l ro classe Adriet, de l’Hôpital militaire de Bordeaux, sera chargé de ce cours. Candidats pharmaciens. — Un cours analogue, destiné aux candidats pharmaciens, commencera à la même date; il aura lieu dans un des locaux de l’Hôpital militaire de Bordeaux. Il sera fait par M. Château, pharmacien-major de 2 a classe, qui fixera aux candidats les jours et heures du cours. MM. les Candidats devront, avant de se présenter au cours, se faire inscrire du 22 mai au 22 juin, et pour les examens jusqu’au 17 juillet, dans les bureaux de la Direction du Service de Santé (Hôpital militaire de Bordeaux) tous les jours, de neuf heures à dix heures du matin. En se faisant inscrire, chaque candidat devra indiquer son domicile légal, son adresse très exacte, le canton où il a tiré au sort, le numéro de tirage, la subdivision de recrutement à laquelle il appartient, et déposer un certificat universitaire établissant sa situation au point de vue des inscriptions et des examens. Les candidats à l’emploi de médecin auxiliaire devront avoir douze inscriptions au moins, à la date du 14 juillet. Ils ne pourront être nommés à ce grade qu’après l’accomplissement d’une année de service militaire. MM. les Médecins de réserve et territoriaux, qui désireront se perfectionner dans leurs études techniques militaires, sont autorisés à suivre les cours, à condition de faire connaître également leur nom à la Direction du Service de Santé. Ambulances urbaines de Bordeaux. Pendant le mois de mai 1909, il a été soigné dans les postes de secours des Ambulances urbaines 385 blessés et 337 malades ordinaires, soit un total de 722 personnes secourues gratuitement. REVUE DES LIVRES Formulaire des médicaments nouveaux pour 1909; Par Bocquillon-Limousin (21 e édition). — Paris, J.-B. Baillière et Fils. | Les médicaments nouveaux pleuvent chaque année plus I drus et submergent les malheureux praticiens. Il serait abso1 lument impossible de les connaître tous, si un thérapeute ] éclairé et judicieux, comme M. Bocquillon-Limousin, n’avait la j bonne habitude de résumer en quelques pages précises les ] acquisitions les plus récentes de la matière médicale. La 21 e édition du formulaire ne le cède en rien à ses devancières; elle donne avec clarté et simplicité les caractères phy.-icochimiques, la posologie et les indications de plus de soixantedix remèdes nouveaux. Leur énumération serait insipide; il vaut mieux n’en citer que quelques-uns, en particulier la thaolaxine, laxatif utile et, dit-on, bienfaisant (qu’en pense M. Burlureaux?) et la théobromose, dérivé soluble de la théobromine, ce qui facilite grandement l’emploi de ce précieux diurétique. Ce formulaire est un véritable petit dictionnaire de thérapeutique, que dans maintes occasions on se félicitera d’avoir sous la main pour le consulter à propos. X. A, l.e Directeur-Gérant : D r X. Aknozan Bordeaux. — Impr. G. Goünocilhoü, rue Guiraude, 9 & 11. LA CHOLESTERINE CONTRE LA TUBERCULOSE Dans tous les cas d'Hémorragie, l'Anémie,les Cachexies ANTI MÉMO LYTIQUE PUISSANT I EN FLACONS de'60 Pilules dosées à Ogr.20 de£50gr. Emulsion dosée à Ogr.30 parC.âB •et en. boite de 12 Ampoules dosées à 0 gr.05 Chaque unité: 6 Francs. LA CHOLESTÉRINE seul principe utile des Huiles de Foie de Morue n'existe qu à l'état de traces‘dans la meilleure de ces Huiles. Une PILULE de LIPOCHOL équivaut à ungrand verre d'Huile de Foie de Morue vraie UneCiB.d? LIPOCHOL ÉMULSIONNÉ à Dix C.à B.de cette même Huile & à Vingt Cà B.deson émulsion. Q | g îiya en Injections et Lavages pour PERTES, O IL. V ÏA MÉTRITE, PRURIT VULVAIRE, etc. BARANDON, pharmacien, 137, rue Sainte-Catherine, Bordeaux, adres sera gratis et franco un llacon à MM. les Docteurs qui lui en feront la demande. OU ATAPLA3£¥If£ du D r LA^GLEBERT Anthrax, Phlegmon, Eczéma, Impétigo, Phlébites, Erysipèles, Brûlures, Gerçures du sein. MEDICATION IODEE SANS IODISME CAPSULEsde ÉCHANTILLONS & BROCHURES 36.Rue de Paris. COLOMBES (Seine) Traitement Rationnel et HYGIÉNIQUE de la CONSTIPATION HABITUELLE PRODUIT . ** EXCLUSIVEMENT VEGETAL RÉGULATEUR DES FONCTIONS INTESTINALES pas d’ACCOUTUMANCE Laboratoires DURET& RABY à MARLY-LE-ROI (S.-à-O.) Eehant. et Brochures f tur demande. DS ANTISEPTICXUE DESINFECTANT ECHANTILLON GRATUIT à MM. les Médecins qui en font la demande àla SOCIÉTÉ FRANÇAISE DU LYSOL, 12,RueMartre,àCLICHY(Seine). L’Argus de la Presse, qu’un violent incendie avait détruit il y a plus de six mois, est 'complètement réorganisé et réinstallé au faubourg Montmartre. L'Argus des Revues, publication spéciale, n’a jamais interrompu sa parution. Quant à Y Argus de l’Officiel et aux Archives de la Presse, l’un et l’autre fonctionnent comme par le passé. |
GKERWTJ3TMCXQRV4WOBZ4CO4GA5NU32H_1 | German-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | General für Halle und die Provinz Sachsen; Erscheinungsdaten 222h22 cm - Der in der Wahrheit ein in 7 e wird 4 JNnteige Provinz Sachsen; Erscheinungsdaten 8 - Wällelagsgebäude: Große Ulrichstraße 16, Ecke Dachritzstraße 12 bis 14 bzw. Völkerplatz 1. Eingang für Verlag, Expedition und Druckerei: Dachritzstraße; für Redaktion: Völkerplatz. - Fernsprechanlagen: Verlag Nr. 1218, Redaktion Nr. 425, Expedition und Druckerei Nr. 512. - Hauptfilialen: Obere Gneisenstraße 54 (Tel. Nr. 1555) und Burgstraße 7, in Giebichenstein (Tel. Nr. 1405). - Eigenes Redaktionsbüro in Berlin v. 62, Wichmannstraße 165. Der General-Anzeiger für Halle und die Provinz Sachsen erscheint täglich (mit Ausnahme der Sonn- und Feiertage) und ist bei freier Zustellung in Halle a. S. und in den Orten der Umgebung, in denen sie sich finden, monatlich 60 Pf. mit den wöchentlich einmal erscheinenden „Hallesechen Rundschau Blättern“ 70 Pf. Im Postabonnement kostet die Ausgabe A (ohne „Rundschau Blätter“) Mk. 10 vierteljährlich, Mk. 40 für 2 Monate, Mk. 70 für einen Monat. - Ausgabe B (mit „Rundschau Blätter“) Mk. 40, bzw. Nummer 200 Halle a. S., Mittwoch, den 27. August 1913. Neuigkeiten. Der Kaiser, die Kaiserin, das Kronprinzenpaar und die Prinzen August Wilhelm, Oskar und Joachim sind in Breslau eingetroffen. Zwischen Kaiser Franz Joseph und dem Prinz-regenten Ludwig von Bayern hat aus Anlass der Bayerischen Jahrhundertfeier ein herzlicher Depeschenwechsel stattgefunden. Der Kronprinz von Schweden wird mit drei Offizieren als Vertreter der schwedischen Armee der Einweihung des Völkerschlachtdenkmals in Leipzig beiwohnen. Der Deutsche Zentralverband für Handel und Gewerbe hat gestern in Leipzig seine diesjährige Generalversammlung begonnen. - Nach einem Zusammenstoß mit einem schwedischen Torpedoboot in der Bucht von Norrtälje fanden drei Insassen eines Motorbootes den Tod. Kelheim, Die Einweihung der Jubiläumshalle in Kelheim, die am gestrigen Montag feierlich vollzogen wurde, war mehr als ein höfisches Fest; es war eine im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes nationale Feier, an der sich Fürsten und Volk beteiligten. Aber noch mehr. Es war nicht nur eine Enthüllungsfeier im gewöhnlichen Sinne, sondern ein bedeutendes politisches Ereignis. Sämtliche deutsche Bundesfürsten waren zusammengekommen, um durch den Mund des Prinzregenten von Bayern und des deutschen Kaisers erneut das Bekenntnis zum Reichsgedanken abzulegen. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die Rede des bayerischen Prinzregenten, der mit großer Wärme die Verdienste Preußens um die Befreiung Deutschlands von dem französischen Joch vor hundert Jahren gedachte. Wenn man bedenkt, dass gerade Bayern immer im Rufe des Partikularismus und der Eigenbröseligkeit gestanden hat, wird man den Worten des bayerischen Thronverwesers eine ganz besondere Bedeutung beimesse müssen. Aus der Rede des Prinzregenten geht mit unzweifelhafter Deutlichkeit hervor, dass er selbst völlig auf dem Standpunkt seines Großvaters, steht, den der Kaiser nachher in seiner Rede bei dem Festmahl „den deutschen aller Fürsten“ nannte. Die Sehnsucht des ersten Bayern-Ludwigs nach einem einigen deutschen Reich hat seinen Enkel als heiliges Vermächtnis übernommen und man kann sicher sein, dass er es an nichts wird fehlen lassen, um den Bestand des deutschen Reiches, dessen Gründung seinen Vorfahre nicht mehr erleben konnte, mit allen Kräften zu sichern. Wie ernst es dem Bayernfürsten mit seinem Gelöbnis der Reichstreue ist, geht schon aus dem Appell, den er bei dieser Gelegenheit an das gesamte deutsche Volk richtete, und der im Grunde nichts anderes war, als eine Mahnung an sämtliche Stämme deutscher Zunge, treu zur Wahrung der Reichsinteressen zusammen zu halten und kleinliche Gegenstände zurückzustellen, wo es sich um das große Ganze handelt. Diese Ausführungen des bayerischen Fürsten fanden durch die Rede des Kaisers noch eine Unterstützung. Theodor Körners Grablegung. „In der Früh des 26. August 1813 wurde Theodor Körner, der unsterbliche Sänger und Held, am Südrande der Rosenberger Tannen an der damals noch aber Roßenow nach Gadebusch nach Schwerin führen - den Poststraße von einer feindlichen Kugel tödlich getroffen. Fast unmittelbar danach hauchte er seinen Geist aus. Einige Freunde hoben den Toten, in dem sie noch Leben wähnten, sanft auf, trugen unter fortdauerndem Feuer der Feinde eine Strecke fort und betteten ihn unter einer Birke auf weichem Rasen. Ein Wundarzt wurde hinzugezogen. Aber vergeblich war alle menschliche Hilfe. Für immer war, wie Wildenow schreibt, der liederliche Mund verstummt, für immer das strahlende Auge gebrochen. Außer Theodor Körner hatten noch drei andere Lützower das Leben eingebüßt. Unter Bedeckung einiger Tiger sandte Lützow die Toten nach Wöbbelin, wo er Trauerzug um neun Uhr abends eintraf. Am südlichen Ausgang des Dorfes, in dem letzten Haus, der damaligen Holzwärterwohnung, wurden die Gefallenen auf Estrich nebeneinander niedergelegt. Den Dichter selbst bettete man auf einem mit Eichenlaub bekränzten langen Tisch. Bald hatte sich die Kunde von dem Tod des Sängerhelden im Lager verbreitet und alle, die ihm im Leben nah waren, eilten herbei, um das zu früh verklärte Antlitz noch einmal zu sehen. "Der Schmerz", so erzählt in seinem Tagebuch ein Augenzeuge, Ludwig Nagel, "lag auf allen Gesichtern. Jeder drängte sich zu der teuren Leiche mit Eichenlaub und Blumen. Der erste unter Deutschland's Jünglingen, hatte er ein Leben voll Genuss und Glanz verlassen für des Vaterlandes Sache. Er fiel ein Sühneopfer für aller Schuld: das Teuerste und mag nur das Teuerste lösen. Sein Name wird leben in deutscher Brust. In jener Kompagnie, bei welcher der Dichter früher als Leutnant gestanden, bevor Lützow ihn zu seinem Adjutanten auserwiesen hatte, dienten zwei Schreinergenossen. Aus einem alten Torflügel zimmerten sie dem teuren Toten schnell einen Sarg. Bald war der Held aufgebahrt. Vier Freunde und Landsleute hatten inzwischen das Grab aufgeworfen. Unweit der Isolation, so daß das Ausland sich einem nicht nur äußerlich, sondern auch innerlich geeinten und fest geschlossenen deutschen Reiches gegenüber sieht, dessen einzelne Glieder durch die gemeinsamen Befreiungskämpfe untrennbar miteinander verbunden sind. Die erfreuliche Einmütigkeit, die wie bei dem Reichsregierungsjubiläum des Kaisers, so auch bei dieser feierlichen Gelegenheit zutage trat, enthält aber andererseits auch die ernste Mahnung an unsere verantwortlichen Politiker, alles zu vermeiden, was die Eintracht unter den deutschen Bundesstaaten beeinträchtigen könnte. Manche Ereignisse in der inneren Politik der letzten Monate haben aber den Eindruck aufkommen lassen, als ob von der Reichsleitung in dieser Beziehung manches verabsäumt worden wäre. So weiß man - das ist in Berliner politischen Kreisen ein offenes Geheimnis, daß während der Vorbereitung der Deckungsvorlagen für die neue Heeresrüstung die Berliner Stellen vielfach über Wünsche des Königreichs Sachsen einfach zur Tagesordnung übergegangen sind. Dadurch entstand zwischen Berlin und Dresden eine überaus gereizte Stimmung, die sich in verschiedenen offiziell inspirierten, oft recht scharfen Auslassungen der sächsischen Presse kundgetan hat. Eine Zeitlang war der Gegenstoß zwischen Berlin und Dresden so stark, daß man beinaugh von einer feindlichen Stimmung sprechen konnte. Dazu kam, daß man in Berlin, verärgert durch die sächlichen Widersprüche, die von Sachsen gegen manche Finanzpläne der Reichsleitung erhoben worden waren, glaubte, die sächsische Regierung die in Berlin herrschende Missstimmung fühlen lassen zu sollen. Das waren damals recht unerfreuliche Zeichen einer wenig einheitlichen Leitung der Reichsgeschäfte, die im krassen Widerspruch stand mit der von dem Fürsten Bismarck beobachteten zarten Rücksichtnahme auf die Sonderwünsche der Einzelstaaten. Freilich, Fürst Bismarck hatte das Reich entstehen sehen und hatte an seinem eigenen Leibe erfahren, was für ein kompliziertes Gebilde das neue deutsche Reich ist. Deshalb legte er den allergrößten Wert darauf, mit den Herren und den Regierungen der deutschen Bundesstaaten stets in innigster Fühlung zu bleiben. Man weiß, in welchen herzlichen persönlichen Beziehungen er z. B. mit dem verstorbenen Prinzregenten Luitpold und dem Vater des jetzigen Königs von Sachsen gefunden hat. Und das Reich ist nicht schlecht dabei gefahren, im Gegenteil. Wenn das Reich zu einem so festen einheitlichen Gefüge worden ist, wie es sich bei der Kelheimer Feier zeigte, so ist das in erster Linie auf das vertrauensvolle Verhältnis zwischen dem verantwortlichen Staatsmann und den deutschen Bundesfürsten zurückzuführen. Jahrhundertfeier der Fürsten. Im dem festlich geschmückten Kelheim herrschte gestern ein noch nie gesehener Verkehr, von dem man sich einen Begriff machen kann, wenn man vernimmt, dass allein zur Beförderung der hohen Geladenen 147 Autos und Wagen zur Stelle waren, dass 67 Veteranen- und Militärvereine Spalier bildeten, dass in der Nacht zum Montag 98 Sonderzüge eingelaufen sind, dass über 7000 Schulkinder - die Mädchen meist in weißem Kleid mit blauen Schärfen, die Knaben mit Fahnen in deutlichen und eigenen Farben - vor dem Bahnhof und in den Straßen Aufstellung genommen hatten und etwa 4000 Mann Militär anwesend waren. Um 11 Uhr 35 Minuten trafen im Sonderzug Prinz-regent Ludwig mit allen Prinzen des königlichen Hauses ein und um 11 Uhr 50 Minuten lief der Sonderzug des Kaisers in den Bahnhof ein. Der Kaiser wurde vom Prinzregenten, allen Herren der preußischen Gesandtschaft und vom bayerischen Staatsministerium, mit dem Ministerpräsidenten Dr. Freiherrn von Hertling an der Spitze empfangen. Nach herzlicher Begrüßung fuhren der Kaiser, der Regent und die übrigen Fürstlichkeiten in Autos unter den Hochrufen der Menge zum Marktplatz von Kelheim. Am Stadttor wurden sie von Fanfarenklängen begrüßt. Hier, wo der reiche Schmuck des Städtchens, ragende Pylonen, Flaggenmasten und Laubgewinde, seinen Mittelpunkt hatte, standen die Gemeindebehörden, umgeben von Ehrenjungfrauen in der historischen Tracht des Jahres 1813 und festlich gekleideten Knaben und Mädchen. Bürgermeister Unterker trat vor die Fürstlichkeiten und überbrachte ihnen den Willkommensgruß der Stadt Kelheim. Seine Begrüßungsansprache schloss mit einem Hoch auf den Kaiser und den Prinzregenten. Der Kaiser winkte den Bürgermeister zu sich heran und reichte ihm wiederholt freundlich die Hand. Er sprach ihm seine Freude über den herzlichen Empfang und die freundliche Begrüßung aus. Sodann traten zwei junge Damen in der historischen Tracht von 1813 zu den Fürstlichkeiten und überreichten ihnen Blumen-sträuße, die mit herzlichem Dank vom Kaiser und vom Prinzregenten angenommen wurden. Hierauf wurde die Fahrt nach dem Hügel, auf dem die Befreiungshalle liegt, unter dem tosenden Jubel der Menge fortgesetzt. In der Befreiungshalle. Die 17 vergoldeten Erzschilde in dem gewaltigen, kreisrunden Kuppelbau der Halle, gegossen aus dem Metall eroberter französischer Geschütze, welche die Namen von Schlachten und Gefechten tragen, waren von goldenen Lorbeerkränzen umrankt. Hinter den 34 Viktorien aus weißem Marmor, welche sich die Hände reichend, die Schilde halten, schloss eine in grau gehaltene Wand mit silbernen Rosengewinden den Festraum ab. Von der hohen Kuppel herab hing in der Mitte der Galerie ein freischwebender Kranz von etwa 14 Meter Durchmesser aus silbernen und goldenen Rosen und mit 5 Meter langen goldenen Gehängen. Zwei Hartschieren hielten dabei die Wacht. Die Fürsten zogen unter Glockengeläut ein. Die Fürsten und Vertreter der Freien Städte sowie die Prinzen nahmen im Halbrund auf 28 Thronsesseln Platz, und die Gefolge und die Edelknaben traten hinter sie. Die Ehrengäste, etwa 350 an der Zahl, schlossen den Kreis und traten gegen die Mitte vor. Dem Kaiser und dem Regenten gegenüber standen der Reichskanzler und der Statthalter von Elsaß-Lothringen. Ferner sah man den Präsidenten und die Vizepräsidenten des Deutschen Reichstags, die bayerischen Ministrions, die preußischen und bayerischen Gesandten, Vertreter der bayerischen Kammer, die Erzbischöre und Bischöre von Bayern, die Spitzen der evangelischen Geistlichkeit, Ordensritter, Staatsräte, hohe Militär- und Zivilbeamte, die Bürgermeister der bayerischen Städte. Die Fahnenträger und Abordnungen füllten das Halbrund hinter den Ehrengästen. Tiefe Stille trat ein, als sich Prinzregent Ludwig mit dem Kaiser und den Fürsten erhob, um das Wort zu nehmen. Bei der Feier in der Befreiungshalle hielt Prinzregent Ludwig eine Rede, in der er nach einem Willkommensgruß an den Kaiser und die Häupter aller Bundesstaaten auf die Gründungsgeschichte der Befreiungshalle einging: „Deutschlands Uneinigkeit und Zerissenheit als Ursache eines tiefen Falls, der Deutschen Vereinigung und festen Zusammenhalten als Voraussetzung ihrer Wiedererhebung, als unerlässliche Bedingung für das Blühen und Gedeihen des großen deutschen Vaterlandes, das ist es, was die heutige Feier uns vor Augen führen soll. “ Von Schwerin nach Ludwigslust führenden Straße auf der Ackerflur lag des Sängers letzte Ruhestätte bei zwei einsamen Eichen, die etwa zwanzig Schritt voneinander standen. Unter der größeren glaubte man den Jüngling, der so oft die deutsche Eiche als Symbol der Kraft und ander in seinen Liedern besungen und verherrlicht hatte, am besten zu betten. Unter dem kleinen Baume sollte der Graf Hardenberg bestattet werden, und da - zwischen wollte man die beiden anderen Todesgenossen begraben. Aus jungen Baumstämmen und Wagenleitern hatte man die Sänften, auf denen sie alle getragen werden sollten. Es waren Eichenreiser, waren sie am Gegenmittag des 27. war alles zur Grablegung fertig. Unter dem gedämpften Schlag der Trommel setzte sich der Trupp von dem Freiwilligen aus in Bewegung. Die 4. Kompanie des 1. Bataillons, in der Theodor einsst als Leutnant gearbeitet hatte, eröffnete den Leichenzug. Bald war die friedliche Ruhestätte, wo die Toten den letzten Schlaf schlafen sollten, erreicht. Unter Anstimulation des Gebets: „Hör uns, Allmächtiger!“ wurde der Sarg des Dichters in die kühle Gruft gesenkt. Hernach wurden die sterblichen Reste der übrigen beigesetzt. Als Scheidegruß sang man ihnen, soweit die von Trauer und Schmerz erstickte Stimme noch reichen wollte, das Lied: „Lützows wilde Jagd.“ Eine Ehrensalve glaubte man wegen der Nähe des Feindes nicht abfeuern zu dürfen. Aber mit einem glühend gemachten Ladesstock brannte der Feldwebel Markwordt Theodors Namen und Todestag in die Rinde der sein Grab überwachenden Eiche ein. Noch war jedoch das Grab par völlig nen eriew ein bei der Beerdigung anwesender Kost der wiederholt Zeuge des Mutes und der Tapferkeit des Sängerhelden war, voll Ärger über die Unterlassung der sonst üblichen kameradschaftlichen Ehrensalve zurückgesprengt kam, seine Pistole aus dem Gürtel riss und diese mit einem derben Kozakenerwort abfeuerte. So endete die erhebende Feier. Fern von seiner Heimat, fern von den Lieben schlief nun der Sänger und Held den letzten Schlaf. Sein Körper hatte zwar das geistliche gesegnet, doch sein Geist lebte fort in seinen Werken und wird fortleben, so lange noch die deutsche Zunge klingt. Nommen. Beide transportierte er zu der Nachhut; doch Eine neue Lesart über Körners Tod. Zu den vielen einander widersprechenden Darstellungen der letzten Augenblicke Theodor Körners ist jetzt in den im Septemberheft der „Westermannschen Monatshefte“ zum erstenmal veröffentlichten Denkwürdigkeiten des ehemaligen Lützowers Joh. Franz Krimer eine neue getreten, die sich zwar nicht auf eigenen Augenschein stützt, auch keinen Anspruch auf authentische Bedeutung machen kann, aber doch manches Interessante bietet und wert ist, der Vergessenheit entrissen zu werden. Krimer, der nach der Beendigung des Krieges als Mediziner in Halle habilitierte und später in Bonn und Aachen wirkte, berichtet über seinen Kameraden Theodor Körner, der ihm schon von Wien her bekannt war: Der so heitere, von Witz und Laune überprallende Jüngling war als Soldat ernst, verschlossen, nur wenigen Freunden zugänglich, wortkarg, tiefgründig; nie sah man ihn lachen oder an Vergnügungen teilnehmen. Stundenlang saß er einsam sinnend, eine Brieftafel in der Hand, unbekümmert um was um ihn herum vorging. Im Gefecht fochte er mit dem Mut eines Verzweifelten. Dabei war er blass, eingefallen, sein Blick hohl; nur in dichterischer Begeisterung oder wenn seine Kriegslieder gesungen wurden, strahlte sein schönes Auge und lächelte wehmütig sein Mund. Fortwährend hatte er die Vorahnung eines baldigen Todes. Alle seine Kameraden liebten und schätzten ihn. Ich war bei seiner verräterischen Ermordung nicht zugegen, sondern gerade zu einer Patrouille kommandiert. Von Augenzeugen wurde mir der Vorfall folgendermaßen geschildert: Zwei Stunden vor einem nicht eben beträchtlichen Gefecht, längs einer an einem Waldsaum hinlaufenden Platte reitend, und während man noch keine Ahnung von der Anwesenheit eines Feindes hatte, erklärte Körner, heute sei sein Sterbetag, und dichtete das bekannte Lied: „An mein Schwert“. Das Gefecht hatte bereits zu unserem Vorteil geendet; er war unverletzt, hatte sich durch Tapferkeit ausgezeichnet und einen französischen Offizier samt seinem Bedienten gefangen gemacht. Zu Abonnenten durch den Briefträger monatlich 14 Pf. extra. - Enzeigenpreis: die einspaltige 38 mm breite Kolonialzeile 30 Pf., die 78 mm breite Reklamezeile 1 Mk. 00. Bei Platzvorschriften tritt tarifmäßige Erhöhung ein, doch wird für die Erfüllung von Platzvorschriften keine Gewähr übernommen, Rabatt gilt als Skonto für Barregulierung sofort nach erteilter Rechnung. Erster Mahnung nichts sofort Zahlung, so gerät der bewilligte Rabatt in Verfall. Rabattstafeln nach Tarif. Erfüllungsort: Halle an der Saale. Jahrgang Der Prinzregent wies dann auf den Niedergang des römischen Kaiserreiches deutscher Nation in den letzten Jahrhunderten seines Bestehens hin, auf die Verkümmerung des Staatsgefühls und politischen Sinnes, die hauptsächlich in der Habsburgischen Hausmacht und im neuen Königtum Preußen auflebten, sich aber im wesentlichen gegen das Reich wandten. Der Regent führte dann weiter aus, wie Napoleon leichtes Spiel in seinem Kampf gegen die einzelnen Teile des Reiches hatte, die sich nicht zu gemeinsamem Handeln gegen den gemeinsamen Feind aufraffen konnten, und wie das alte Reich sich auflöste, ruhmlos und kaum beklagt. Der bayerische Kronprinz Ludwig war es damals, der das heilige Feuer des Deutschen pflegte. Prinzregent Ludwig schilderte dann den Befreiungskampf und die Entstehung des neuen deutschen Kaiserreichs. Er schloss: „Groß und mächtig steht das deutsche Reich im Rahmen der Völker da, stets erprobt als ein Faktor der Mäßigung und des Friedens, stets aber auch bereit, für die Ehre und die Interessen des Deutschen einzugreifen, wo immer sie bedroht würden. Das Gefühl der Zusammengehörigkeit aller Teile des Reiches in Freude und Leid ist immer mehr erstarkt, und wer gleichwohl im Auslande je mit der Uneinigkeit, der Eifersucht der Reichsglieder rechnen würde, wie dies wohl früher geschehen, würde diese Rechnung grausam enttäuscht sehen. So möchte es denn manchem scheinen, daß der Mahnspruch König Ludwigs in diesen Hallen für das heutige Geschlecht nicht mehr die gleiche ernste Bedeutung hätte wie ehedem. Allein im Leben der Völker kann und darf es für eine Nation, die sich behaupten will, kein Ausrauben auf erzielten Erfolgen geben. Hier trifft noch mehr wie für den einzelnen das Wort des Dichters zu: „Nur der verdient sich Freiheit, wie das Leben, der täglich sie erobern muss!“ In immer wiederkehrenden Anstrengungen gilt es für Deutschland, sich gewappnet zu halten gegen alle Gefahren, die seinen Bestand bedrohen können, die Kräfte zu steigern für alle Aufgaben, die die Entwicklung der Zeit uns stellt. Erst die letzten Monate haben wieder erwiesen, daß das deutsche Volk in seiner Gesamtheit auch vor großen Opfern nicht zurückmitscht, wenn die Weltlage es erheischte. Hohe Pflicht und Notwendigkeit ist es aber auch heute, vor allem darüber zu wachen, dass Keime der Zwietracht und Verdroßenschaft nicht überwuchern, dass unter dem Hader der Klassengegenstände, unter der Überspannung der Interessenkämpfe das Einigende, die Freude am Ganzen, nicht leide. Einmütiges Arbeiten in diesem Sinn, Einsetzen des besten Könnens für das Blühen und Gedeihen der engeren und weiteren Heimat, festes Zusammenstehen für Kaiser und Reich, das sei das Gelöbnis dieser feierlichen Stunde. Mit diesem Gelöbnis ist es zugleich ein Bekennen zu den Gedanken und Mahnungen dieser Halle und ihres Stifters, wenn wir uns nun vereinigen zu dem freudigen Ruf: „Unsere großen deutsche Vaterland, das deutsche Reich, es lebe hoch, hoch und abermals hoch!“ Als das Hoch des Prinzregenten verklungen war, ergriff der Kaiser das Wort: „Eure Königliche Hoheit bitten wir im Namen der deutschen Bundesfürsten und präsidierenden Bürgermeister den warmsten Dank darbringen zu dürfen für die heilige Stunde, die wir soeben in der hehren, von Eurer Königlichen Hoheit unvergeßlichen Herrn Großvaters gestifteten Gedächtnishalle miteinander durchlebt haben. Es war, als rauhte der ehrne Flügelschlag deutschen Geschichte über uns, als Eure Königliche Hoheit inmitten dieser feierlichen Stätte das Bild jener gewaltigen Zeiten während er auf der Straße längs dem Walde hinreitet, springt der gefangene Diener über den Graben, zieht ein Pistole hervor und schießt Körner durch die Brust, der kaum noch imstand ist, das Notzeichen zu geben, und tödlich getroffen vom Pferd sinkt. Was half es, dass von seinen herbeieilenden Kameraden der verräterische Mörder eingeholt und zu Kraßstücke zusammengehauen wird? Eine paar Stunden später war Körner nicht mehr; seine Ahnung hatte ihn nicht getäuscht. Unstreitig hat dieser Meuchelmord und die Entrüstung darüber zu den späteren Grausamkeiten an den Feinden viel beigetragen. Ich selbst besaß von seiner eigenen Hand ein Angedenken, ein Schützenlied. Leider ging es mir verloren. Nr. 200 Seite 2 vor unser Auge stellten, deren unvergänglicher Ruhm deutsche Herzen stets aufs neue ergreifen wird. Wo könnten wir das Wesen und die fortwirkende Bedeutung der Befreiungskriege tiefer erfassen, als hier, wo der deutsche schönsten Fürsten einer in Erz und Marmor das Gedächtnis der Heldentaten unserer Väter aufgelistet, das Gedächtnis zugleich seiner eigenen glühenden Vaterlandsliebe. Königliche Hoheit haben in ergreifenden Worten, worin der Sinn der Erinnerungsfeiere liegt, die überall, wo Deutsche wohnen, in diesem begangen werden. Dem lebenden Geschlecht sollen sich die Lehren einprägen, die im Laufe unserer Geschichte mit so viel kostbarem Blut erkauft worden sind, dass unsere Stärke auf unserer Eintracht und Einigkeit beruht, dass es für unser Volk kein Nachlässen geben darf, wenn es seinen hohen Platz behaupten will. Die begeisterte Teilnahme aller Kreise unseres Volkes an den Feiern dieses Jahres, die sich auch heute wieder so kraftvoll und warmherzig hier an der Donau bekundet, legt Zeugnis davon ab, wie tief die Wurzeln des vaterlichen Empfindens geschlagen haben, wie innig sich das deutsche Volk mit seinen Fürsten verbunden fühlt. Eure Königliche Hoheit haben durch die Anregung der Zusammenkunft der deutschen Bundesfürsten und der Vertreter der Freien und Hansestädte in der Befreiungshalle die heutige Feier zu einem erhebenden Fest ganz Deutschlands gestaltet, so wie es dem Sinne - ich Worten betont, Volk, dem Bayernlande und dem Hause Wittelsbach Ruhm erbaut hat. Für Eure Königliche Hoheit werden wir alle dieses erhebenden Tages stets gedenken. Wir bitten zu Gott, er möge Eurer Königlichen Hoheit noch viele segensreiche Tage schenken zum Wohl Bayerns und des deutschen Vaterlandes. Ausdruck zu geben in dem Rufe: Seine Königliche Hoheit der Prinzregent Ludwig, das Erlauchte Haus Wittelsbach und das schöne Bayernland hoch, hoch. Galatablatt 370 Gedecken nahm Prinzregent Ludwig den Mittelpunkt der Haupttafel ein. Zu seiner Rechten saß der Kaiser, zu Linken der König von Württemberg. Der Prinzregent brachte bei der Tafel einen Trinkspruch in einem Hoch auf den präsidierenden Städten aus. Um 8 Uhr nachmittags fuhr der Kaiser und der Prinz mit Kraftwagen zum Bahnhof. Im Sonderzug war ein Hofwagen des Prinzregenten eingefügt worden. Regent verließ Kelheim und Posen, erfolgte heute, Dienstag, früh Kaiser, die Bundesfürsten, die Bürgermeister der Freien und Hanse - Kaiserlichen Kaiser Franz Joseph in Gedanken bei den deutschen Fürsten, er richtete an den Prinzregenten zu Namenstag ein Glückwunsche - Dieses Telegramm erreichte den Prinzregenten, der von dort folgendes Antworttelegramm sandte: „Versammelt in Kelheim, gedenken wir in Treue des Anteils Österreichs an den Befreiungskriegen und der innigen, erprobten Freundschaft, die Österreich-Ungarn mit Deutschland verbindet. Ludwig. “ Dann von Kaiser Franz Joseph neuerdings ein: „Herzlich danke ich Dir * Dein freundliches Telegramm. Meine Gedanken geweiht und ich gedenke gerne und mit Genugtuung der Teilnahme Österreichs an den Befreiungs-kriegen, sowie der zwischen Deutschland und Österreich-Ungarn bestehenden erprobten Freundschaft. Franz Joseph. “ Kaiserstag in Posen. Aus Anlass des Kaiserbesuchs prangt die Stadt in einem reichen Festschmuck, um das Schloss zu umsäumen, mächtige weiße Pylonen, die auf ihrer Vorderseite folgendes Telegrafische Schreiben und, oben Blumenarrangements tragen. Unter den Straßen erhebt sich eine imposante Ehren-Pfosten; die Häuserfronten sind mit Tannengrün, Fahnendraperien und Emblemen geschmückt und geben im Verein mit den dunklen und den im farbenprächtigen Bild, das durch die Einheit der Aus schmückung besonders wirkungsvoll ist. Das renovierte alte Rathaus schließt das ganze Festgepränge harmonisch ab. Ein gewaltiger Menschenstrom ergießt sich in die Stadt. Gerade erst wurde im Neuen Theater 28 mal nachmittags und abends, im Alten Theater 264 und im Thaliatheater 50 mal gespielt. In ent-sprechender Reihenfolge waren die Theater zu 78, 85,2 und 45,4 v. H. aller Einnahmen Berliner R.W. beträgt erbracht 282mal gespielt. Der Shakespeare-Zyklus bereitet, wie uns unser Mitarbeiter schreibt, Reinhardt im Deutschen Theater vor. Die Mitte September beginnen wird, soll acht Werke Shakepees umfassen, die sämtlich in gekürzter Form und in neuartiger szenischer Gestaltung erscheinen sollen. Auch die bisher schon von Reinhardt gebrachten Dramen des großen Briten werden, neu besetzt, und auch in dekorativer Beziehung dem veränderten angepasst, erscheinen. Reinhardt selbst wird die Regie führen. Ein Naturtheater in Binz. In Binz auf der Insel Rügen wurde am 21. d. M. ein neues Naturtheater großen Stils eröffnet. Tief in einer Schlucht, von prächtigem Baumbestand umgeben, bietet es Sitzplätze für 1000 Personen. Die Leitung wurde dem Direktor A. Steffter vom Hanauer Stadttheater mehrere Jahre übertragen. Das Stück Frank Wedekinds. „Kaiser Wilhelm“ - kurzem ein neues dramatisches Werk - hat vor einigen Tagen voranging gelangen, Verfasser des Stückes am Mittwoch. Molière - verboten! In Japan hat man gerade die Aufführung sämtlicher Dramen Molières verboten, für europäische Begriffe sehr verboten. Ein Ewers, der bekannte Novellist und Romanschriftsteller, und die Tatsache, dass „Das Wundermädchen von Berlin“ Erstaufführung eines im Alten und neuen Testament aufgeführten Stückes ist, hat das japanische Publikum mit allen Mitteln, unter anderem „Betrogene Ehemänner“, schimplich behandelte Gönne und verlassene Frauen, mit ihren Rollen in Molières Stücken. Er ist ein wesentliches Werk und muss werden. Dieses Denkmal dem deutschen Volk herzlicher Dankbarkeit Diesem Gedanken bitte ich euch aus, der Der Kaiser und der Prinz - an 4 Uhr. Die Ankunft in 7 Uhr 15 Minuten. In den dort Versammelten Ungarn muck. Den Weg vom Bahnhof auf dem mattem Gold - Girlanden verbundenen weissen linden flatternden - eine Wahrheit in mit seiner vornehmen Gold - Kleid, ein Schauspiel, ungepübt urtheater. Das Theater liegt in einer tiefen Schlucht. Das Werk Nikolo „betitelte. Das Stück der Volksbühne zur ersten Theater beiwohnen. Begründung, hier sei ein Viele haben erregende - in der drängt sich eine ausländischen Zeitungen bringen Festausgaben. Die Kaiserin, von Bad Homburg kommend, im Sonderzug in Posen eingetroffen, vor dem neuen Kaiserhaus bereits eingetroffenen Prinzessinnen des Königlichen Schlosses und Gemahlin, und der Städte beispähernd, dass die Kommunen nicht Behn - Lübeck referierte? Lich en Moshchee und steckten sie von Beim Kilometer 108 der Strecke Kuleli - Die wurde ein Steinlieferant Jakub kann, der etwas ihm beide Hände Arme Stückweise gekürzt, bis er das Dann schlug man ihn ganz tot. Griechische Heeresreform. Die griechische Regierung erachtet nach einer Meldung aus Athen eine großzügige Heeresreform als Königliche Generalstabschef, mit dem Kriegsminister und Generalstab umgewandelt. Die Rekrutierungsarbeiten in den neu erworbenen Provinzen werden beschleunigt, die Zahl der Divisionen um 12 vermehrt. Die neue stark befestigen, das Kriegsmaterial erneuern und die Reserveübungen verlängern, erwartungsfreudige ganze Bevölkerung in die Weise, dass nicht die Ausbildung erst wurden in der Stadtverordnetenkreis Dresden über das Thaungersch. "Das Konsumvereinswesen in eine wirtschaftliche und politische Gefahr für das Reich und Große Werke in Dresden eingebracht worden" gendende "Der Zentralverband Wachsen der Konsumvereine zur Eigenproduktion und Sum 4 Uhr, e angab. Pavillon einge v ß Prinzen und Prinz August Dienst bei der Kaiserin bestimmten Kammerherren. In einem von Daumont gefahrenen Wagen begab sich die Kaiserin nach dem Königlichen Residenzschloss dem Wege dorthin von einer vieltausendköpfigen Ergreifung, und nahm im Schloss Wohnung. Gestern abend ist das Kronprinzenpaar aus Danzig in Posen eingetroffen. Ende Aufgabe. Sterium in Verbindung definiert werden. Tag erblickt in dem weitexen dem Übergang in der engen Ver J e er er r v e eergel artei eine schwere Gefahr nicht allein für den Handel selbstständigen Mittelstand für Staat und Reich selbst. Die Konsumvereine er ferner Staat G. r t. fisiere treu seit seinem ersten Besuch in Posen im Frühjahr 1889, wo Stadt und Provinz durch große Überschwemmungen heimgesucht wurden, hat der Kaiser verschiedent mark gewählt, zuletzt im Sommer 1910 Residenzschloss. Oder französisch Prinz von Wied — Fürst von Albanien? Wie die "Daily Mail" aus Bukarest Hofkreisen erfährt, haben sich die Großmächte mit der Kandidatur des Prinzen von Wied, eines Neffen der Königin von Rumänien, für den albanischen Thron einverstanden, was nach und nach im Staate, dessen Kräften gegebenenfalls zur Verfügung stehen, gegen dies von Staats wegen erscheint dringend ge, nicht mit dem Schwinden des selbstständigen Standes dem Staat seine bisherige Grundlage entzogen werden. Die Resolution wurde hierauf an Weiterbefahrungen sodann auf morgen (Dienstag) vertagt. Politische Übersicht. Ausführungsbestimmungen zu der Frage wegen Erabgabe werden, wie unsere Berliner Redaktion erfährt, gegenwärtig im Reichsschatzamt die Ausführungsbestimmungen zu dem Gesetz über den Wehrbeitrag. Die Bestimmungen werden vom Bundesrat voraussichtlich im Oktober erlassen werden, da das Kaiser morgen Gesetz am 1. Januar 1914 in Kraft tritt. Der Heeresverbund hat unter der Ausgabe der Heeresvorlage für 1913 eine Summe von 425. Die Heeresverwaltung hat unter der Abteilung des Gesetzes große Bedeutung für die Endfinanzierung dieses Jahres bezahlt, um Mittel flüssig zu machen, ist im Spätschluß der Einweihung des neuen Sprachens erst davon, dass in diesem ein kaiserlicher Prinz ständig residieren würde, doch ist bis jetzt nichts daraus. Die Kaiserbesuche gaben den Polen viele fachlichen Anlass zu einer Art passiven Resistenz, die besonders scharf gelegentlich der kaiserlichen Anwesenheit im Sommer 1902 in der Erscheinung Mitglieder des Provinziallandtages zwischen verstorbenen, vom Kaiser einer Zeitlang sehr bevorzugten Josef Koscielski (Admiralskirche) - in einem Schreiben an den Oberpräsidenten ihr Erscheinen im Ständehaus ablehnten, noch bevor sie ein finanzielles Kräfte den durchaus ungewöhnlichen wirtschaftspolitischen Ansatz - darunter auch der Prinz von Wied ist im Jahre 1872 geboren, rotes Standeskirche Konfession und seit 1898 mit der Prinzessin von Württemberg verheiratet. Bei dem Mazedonien wandschaftszeit Pauline von Ebenommen und die guten Einvernehmen zwischen Albanien und Rumänien er mit dem rumänischen Fürst von Moldau erwarten königlichen Haus bedeutende Vorteile. Albanien würde er über ein Land von etwa 840.000 Einwohnern regieren. und Rumänien er mit dem rumänischen Fürst von Moldau wartend, worauf im italienischen Verhältnis verschoben, genug Schutz ausreden konnte, diesem Akt natürlich nicht seinen schroffen Charakter nehmen. Den folgenden Kaiserbesuchen standen die unentwegten Polen grollend abseits und auch das radikale Bürgertum tun. will jedoch, wie gequälte Wehrbeiträge - Der russische Botschafter bei Kaiser Franz Joseph. Einmaligen die „Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung“ meldet offiziell aus Bad Reichenhall: Der russische Botschafter Giers, wird jetzt dies das nächste Großgrundbesitzer bereits berichtet, dieses Mal zu Hofe Dienstag vormittag 11 Uhr vom Kaiser Franz Joseph in Audienz empfangen. Die Nachricht, dass er in Abrechnungsaudienz erscheinen und sein Abberufungsschreiben überreichen werde, ist unrichtig. Es vielmehr folgendes: 18. Oktober, die Hundertjahrfeier der Völkerschlacht Gelegenheit wird sich Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand nach Leipzig begeben, um der hiesigen für die in der Schlacht getöteten gedacht. Nun hat auch unser korrespondierender Berichterstatter aus Leipzig: Leipzig, 26. August. Verhält, ergiebt sich, eine gute Bevölkerung in Posen verharrt in ihrer Ablehnung gegenüber dem. Im letzten Augenblick hat jedoch große Front geschmückt, aber nicht mit Fahnen oder. In Posen befindlichen 15 großen polnischen, den geringsten Schmuck, um die Dekorierung und der Audienz im 18. Oktober. In Leipzig von Leipzig statt. Mittelbar nach Einladungen gemacht Jahres und zu Anfang nächster Dezember, "seine nur mit grünen Girlanden, gefallenen Sterben, die russische Regierung erbaut, und es wird durch einen feierlichen Gottesdienst vor - Giers ist nun beauftragt, Kaiser Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand, neuer Kanzlers weisungskredit beträgt um die sind bisher nichts, nicht reicher beizuzuziehen, die allermeisten Häuser und Geschäfte, mit einiger kleiner polnischer Geschäft, die nur von deutscher Kenntnis leben. Das Polentum ist erregt gegen Ungleichheit des polnischen "Bazars", der sich doch noch zur Ausstattung entschlossen hat. Ebenfalls in anderer Weise. Papiergeschäfte haben in den Auslagen polnische ausgelegt und einzelne stellen Napoleon in den Aushang. Bulgarische Greuel. (Erlebnisse eines deutschen Ingenieurs in Adrianopel.) Ein Ingenieur, der in den Diensten, und der während der Belagerung eingesetzt gewesen ist, teilt in einem Artikel, dass 11 Milliarden Mark, und von nur für 68 Millionen Mark, Schatzschein ausgegeben worden ist. Abgeordneter Staatsanwalt Dr. Blunk reisen im September nach Haiti reisen. Es haben sich verschiedene größere, die Einweihung Joseph zu bitten, dass Gottesdienst beiwohnt, Zentralverhandlung für Handel und Gewerbe. Von unserem Korrespondenten. Leipzig, 25. August. Die Tagung, in der über 400 Delegierte aus ganz Deutschland, 30,000 Mitglieder der Vereine für Handel und Gewerbe vertreten, begann heute hier im Reichsbund, wird Anfang des Auswärtigen Amtes nach, sich um die Erledigung der Forderungen deutscher Reichsverantwortung an Haiti, über die jetzt ein Schiedsspruch zu pflegen sei. Das Deutsche hat einen Schiedsrichter zu wählen. Die Polen demonstrieren auch Eine Reihe von großen Bildern von Reich und Haiti haben je Deutschland entsandt. Der Vorsitz wird vom König der Belgier - des Leipziger Völkerschlachtdenkmals wird, wie "Aftonbladet" meldet, die schwedische Vieh- und Obstbaumzählung. Auf Wunsch des Bundesrates findet am 1. Dezember 1913 im Deutschen Reich Viehzählung statt, zusammen die gleichfalls vom Bundesrat, Obstbaumzählung verbunden ist. A. Bürger werden jetzt die einzelnen usw. aufgefordert, sie die Angaben über die Tragfähigkeit und die der Obstbäume geteilt nach Unter teilnehmenden Deutschland, die übrigen Festsaal des Zentral - Der Einweihung Lapidergemeinschaft des Deutschen Zentralverbandes für Handel und Gewerbe, die zugleich als eine Einreichsdeutschen Orientbahn Strecke von Adrianople in der Blatte furchtbare Erlebnisse Tudja-Insel bei Kriegsgefangenen darunter auch der Vier Tage und Nächte bekamen die Gefangenen weder *Wenn sie trinken wollten, mussten äusser der Tundja genießen, in die sie ihre Beiträge mussten. Täglich wurden bei dieser "60 Gefangenen ohne jeden Grund die Leichen schwammen im Wasser. Tomas erzählte dem er aus Abschrecken am ersten Tage nichts filtrierte er das Tuch, Schweden erband vor 25 Offizieren als Tagung anzu gründen worden ist. Der Vorsitzende, Stadtrat Snete die Sitzung mit einer Bemerkung ausführte, daß der Verband sich, so im Redner weiter aus, in den Handelshochschulen als ein Epochen werden; das sie fanden sich mehrere tausend eifrig - Leipzig, eröffnet - Üssungsansprachen, in der auf ein 25jähriges Bekenntnis mit der in Festungsfeldwebel angeordneten einer allgemeinen besonders gegen dürftige verrichtet Gelegenheit 50 niedergeschossen! und verpesten das Ingenieur, da eine traurig, man fähigkeits - Kaufmannschaft sei wünschenswert. Der Zentralverband werde auch künftig seine Pflicht erfüllen zum Segen des deutschen Vaterlandes folgenden sieben launen und Zwischen, Kirchen, durch Besichtigungen, damit sie diese am 1. tragen vermögen. Umstände kann nicht vorausgesetzt werden, dass sie ohne vorherige Peelingstage richtig bestädtigen, solche, weitere Einzelheiten über die Dezember öffentlich Jedenfalls wird jetzt schon bekannt, Peeling keinerlei Steuerzwecke - die Förderung wissenschaftlicher und gemeinnütziger Zwecke beabsichtigt. Auch die Stettiner Werftarbeiter geben nach. Die Metall- und Holzarbeiter in Stettin haben in ihren gestrigen Versammlungen beschlossen, die Arbeit wieder aufzunehmen. Die Ermordung eines gewissen Tomas, der einfach niedergeschlagen wurde, dass die Soldaten ihn leichter ausrauben konnten. Man sagte, er sei ein militärische Führer, was er natürlich energisch leugnete. Bulgariische Zeitung ein Halbsatz: "Nach den üblichen Begrüßungen referierte zunächst einer der Ob-Syndikus Dr. " Fritz Ehrhardt - Leipzig Thema : „25 Jahre der Arbeit - ein Rückblick auf die 25jährige Tätigkeit und die Entwicklung für Handel und Gewerbe“. Wir sind zu einigem unablässigen Zusammenarbeiten gekommen, kranker Mensch mit anwerfen, Geheimnisse preiszugeben, brachte eine einen Artikel, wonach Tomas bei arischen Soldaten auf ebenso lassen. Tomas ter, an einem Freund getragen haben, werden kurz vor dem 1. egeben werden. Nein, einen bulgarischen Soldaten, sondern auf Knien gebeten hätte, ihn am Schreibe drei Briefe: an seine Schwester und an die Behörde, und erschoss. Beim Dorf Tscherekköi erhielten zwei Tage nach der Einnahme von Adrianopel eine ganze Anzahl Gefangener, nickel und Schaufel, um Masse damit fertig waren, war einfach niedergeschossen oder niedergeworfen, obwohl. Hierauf sprach Handelskammer-Syndikus Dr. Rocke - über Wirtschaft. Der Vortragende führte u. a. und der nicht schon von K. Es haben sich mit dieser Angelegenheit Volkswirtschaftler beschäftigt, die nicht zu einem abschließenden und wünschenswert großen Dürre des Sommers 1911 kommunaler Lebensmittelverkauft dem Ruf verfugung in die Hand gegeben, eine noch die „Kommune“ unternehmungen, aus, dass es heute wohl keinen Zweig mehr geben, der nicht getrieben würde. Engräber zu graben, hätten von ihnen ein und in die manche noch lebten, nur deshalb verschont, damit die Gräber ausgegraben werden und wiederholt Zeugen, Schwachen bei Gefangenentransporten niedergeschossen nach der Einnahme der Bulgaren „Komitatschi“ in ein Dorf, trieben die und zwar unter Beitspielschein des Unternehmers. Dadurch letzter Anstoß gefallen, an dem die bisherige Beilegung des Streiks scheiterte. Die Wiedereröffnung des Unternehmens - Arbeitsnachweis wird heute erfolgen. Malersstreik in London. Ein ernster Streik, Londoner Baugeflecht in Mitleidenschaft zieht, dass 5000 Malergehilfen, die dem vereinigten Malerverband angehören, zugleich mit 5000 nicht organisierten, noch aufzunehmen. Urteil gekommen, ob dies nützlich aber man, direkt nach Organisation geschrigen. Viele Kommunen folgten und haben große Mittel bewiesen: Sie haben die nommen und alle Kranken und Beiläufig der Redner zum von diesem Tiere, das den Namen Varanus Comodensisi erhalten hat, ein 2,10 Meter langes Exemplar als einer bisher unbekannten Gatung gelang auf. Eine kuriose „Frankfurt. Zig.“ Der Ort hat vor etwa 6000 seiner Bevölkerung im Jahr mehr als 600 Einwohner - London 400, und New York 470. Wenn man aber die Bevölkerungsstärke dieser Millionenstädte in Betracht zieht, so sieh man doch, dass Brüssel den Rekord hält. *Angriffe gegen *Die meisten Kinos hat im Vergleich der Kette durch Gewichte strapaziert gehalten wurden wie bei Brüssel allein, so den im mittleren und nördlichen Europa verbreiteten Orten. Die Griechen kannten die Spule, vielleicht auch die Weberei war bei ihnen durchaus Sache der Frauen. Die Entwicklung des Gewerbes scheint bei den Griechen unabhängig von Ägypten, obgleich die Weberei bereits auf einer höheren Stufe stand. *Der Fund einer antiken Bronzefigur wird aus Rom berichtet. Das Thermenmuseum erhielt eine wertvolle Bronzefigur, das in dem Belgien. gefunden wurde, „Figaro“, hat 115, und im andere Kurbellenschrift, matographentheater, erzählt wurde. eter langen Exemplars. *Wartend dem einen Sinn - Denkmalsgeschichte richtet wird, in einem halben Jahre eine Konkurrenz ausgemacht, aus der ein dauerhaftes Ausgestellter Entwurf von Paul Wallat wurde von der Jury ausgewählt. Wandenschneider (Charlottenburg) dagegen tischem Einfluss er - ein den Ägyptern bekannt, wie oft zutragen. Eine Salvarsan-Behandlung. Eine in Frankfurt gebrüllte Gerüchte in Umlauf eßt, die auch ihren Weg nach dem Ausland gefunden haben, bei der Zwangsbehandlung von Prostituierten im Frankfurter städtischen Krankenhaus 15 der selben in - rühten Salvarsan gestorben. Krankenhausverwaltung Stellung genommen und diese Gerüchte für gänzlich unwahr erklärt. Ath Seit der Behandlung Aufnahme des Nürnbergs voll Bereicherung durfte Gebiet von Sutrium gefunden wurde. Nur zwei Fuß hoch ist, aber eine wundervolle Ausführung, zeigt einen eben zum scheinen einen jungen Menschen, in anmutigster Stellung dar. Den rechten hat er über dem Kopf erhoben und den linken gebeugt, wie wenn er sich einen Spiegel vor sein Gesicht hielte. Der Fund ist auch noch dadurch denkwürdig, da es zum ersten Mal das neue Gesetz über zufällig archäologisch und sehr nützliche Antiquitäten (österrischer Maler - Bildhauer) angehörte, ein - lehnte. Es handelt sich um einen für 30.000 Mark angebotenen Brunnen, der um eine Figur herum am Schaft Mosaikbilder - Friesen auswies. „dem u.a. wieder f, durch den Brinckman, bekannter, 1814 - 70, folgend wird! Denkmals-Entwürfe folgen Behandlung und vorzügliche Erdeien. Hierzu hat nun die Manne erblühten Jüngling, wahr timmig abgelegt nun er und nachschneider abgelehnte ark als Brinckman - lattdeutscher öpfer des „Kasper - umgerepariert mit Salvarsan begründet erklärt. Das nicht infolge sei nur eine Prostituierte gestorben, diese Behandlung, sondern an schwerer syphilitischer Leberatrophie. Im Anschluss an dieses Gerücht wurden tige Angriffe gegen Geheimrat Ehrlich und sein in dem in Frankfurt im „Türmer“. Der Geheimrat Ehrlich Salvarsan in den Kranken-häusern absozolut nichts zu tun hat. Gothische Wandmalereien in Garmisch. In der alten Kirche zu Garmisch sind Wandmalereien agyptischer Darstellungen, deren Entstehung auf 1400 anzunehmen ist. Eine Darstellung des heiligen Christophorus liegt aber weiter zurück und dürfte die älteste ihrer Art in den Darstellungen des Heiligen, aber auch der späteren Gotik auf. Altägyptische und altgriechische Webstühle. Es bereits zwei Arten von Webstühlen, einen von horizontaler Form, die sich mit einigen Bänderungen bis auf den heutigen Tag in Ägypten, die zweite von dem ließen ein Aussehen bei ihm zum Euter-Brunnen Dichter aus Ohm und ick “ unter Umständen werden können. Komponist „Mean Gilbert“ wird und zwar, so bekannt die „Viel Gilbert“ Der Werdegang eines Komponisten aus seinem „Puppchen“ verwendet r Leinwand die tragische Popularität schildert. Bens fast zur Verzweiflung getrieben, von Gantenberg ihr zuziehren verfolgt, nimmt er in der „unsterblichen“ Duett aus „Puppchen“, das seinen Schöpfer weit berühmt und - nun wohin er umso mehr. Er Entdeckungen wendung fand. Die Bronze war von einem Funden worden, der ahnen, eben im Mittel gerichtet, und erscheinenden „Freigeist“ und auch in der um so haltlosen Gleichgültigkeit seines Fundes egriff stand, an einen skrupellosen für ein paar hundert Lire zu verhandeln. Polizei ein und brachte die Sache vor die Ab-Operettenkosten. Der offizielle Gegenstand. Der Oper als Kinoschauspieler aus komponierten, teilung für Antiquitäten im Wert wurde dort auf 30000 Franken festgesetzt und die Hälfte davon dem freudestrahlenden Bauern ausgezahlt. 27. - 1915 - J2 Material zu - London, 26. August. (Priv. Tel.) Die Streikbewegung unter der Londoner Arbeiterchaft gewinnt immer mehr an Ausdehnung. Heute sind 11.000 Maler und 1000 Techniker in den Docks der Dräkt und die Arbeit niedergelegt. Die Situation der elektrischen Werkstätten ist ebenfalls sehr bedrohlich und ein allgemeiner Streik sämtlicher im Baugewerbe befindlichen Arbeiter ist mit großer Sicherheit zu erwarten. Das neue holländische Kabinett. Der Staatsrat Cort van der Linden ist mit der Bildung eines neuen Ministeriums zuständig gekommen. Es verlautet, dass das neue Kabinett das Programm der liberalen Koalition zur Richtschnur seiner Politik machen wird. Cort van der Linden übernimmt den Vorsitz und das Portefeuille des Inneren. Minister des Auswärtigen wird Loudon. Lokales. Halle, den 26. August 1913. „Die Kaiserin kam gestern vormittag gegen 8 Uhr 45 Minuten mit Sonderzug auf dem hierigen Bahnhof an und fuhr nach einem Aufenthalt von fünf Minuten nach Posen weiter, wo die Ankunft um 4 Uhr nachmittags erfolgte. Während des hierigen Aufenthalts zeigte sich die Kaiserin wiederholt am Fenster. Der Bahnsteg war während dieser Zeit abgesperrt. Mit einem späteren Zug kam auch der Fürst von Fürstenberg auf der Durchreise nach Posen über Halle, ferner auf der Durchreise nach Magdeburg Herzog Eugen von Württemberg. * Das Ergebnis der Wahl des Ausschusses der Allgemeinen Ortskrankenkasse ist nunmehr festgestellt worden: Arbeitgeber: Liste I 28, Liste II 2 Vertreter, insgesamt 30 Vertreter; Arbeitnehmer: Liste II 8, Liste II 46, Liste III 4, Liste IV 2 Vertreter, insgesamt 60 Vertreter. Das Ergebnis wurde unter Beiwohnung von Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmervertretern festgestellt. * Wider den „heimlichen Warenhandel“. Der Geschäftsführende der Kleinhandelsabteilung der Handelskammer beurteilt die Schädigungen, die der sogenannte „heimliche Warenhandel“ den jungen Detailhändlern zufügt. Der Ausschuss hat der Kammer zur Bekämpfung dieses Handels folgende Vorlage gemacht: An alle Behörden sowie an die Großbetriebe im Herzogtum Anhalt die Bitte zu richten, dass sie auf einem gemeinen Bezug von Waren für ihre Anstellungen oder Arbeiter nach Möglichkeit abzustellen und den Beamten usw. nahelegen, ihre Einkäufe bei ortsansässigen Firmen zu bewerkstelligen. Ferner sind folgende gesetzliche Maßnahmen zu beantragen: Zusatz zu 14 der Reichsgewerbeordnung: „Anmeldung pflichtig ist jede Art der Warenvermittelung. “ Bei der für die Anmeldung zuständigen Behörde ist eine Liste aller angemeldeten Betriebe zur Einsicht für jedermann zulegen. Jeder Angestellte oder Kammer hat zur Erklärung über den Warenhandel die Einwilligung seines Prinzipals oder der Dienstbehörde beizubringen. Die Eintragung in die Liste ist zu verweigern, so lange die christliche Genehmigung nicht vorliegt. § 1545 der Reichsgewerbeordnung ist dahin zu ergänzen, dass auch derjenige, der Waren vermittelt, ohne einen offenen Laden zu haben, an seiner Stelle den Familiennamen mit mindestens einem ausgeschriebenen Vornamen und eine Unterzeichnung anbringen muss, aus der die Art des Geschäftsbetriebes klar hervortritt. Jeden Handelsbetrieb bezw. Warenvermittelung jeder Art mit einer einmaligen zur Rechnung eines Stempelgebühr von 50 Mark an zu belegen und die Strafbestimmung in § 148 Ziffer 1 entsprechend zu ergänzen. * Erst Krankenkassembeiträge, dann Lohnauszahlung! In Arbeitgeber, der nicht genug Geld besitzt, um die ersten und die beiden letzten Monatsbezirge zu zahlen, muss nach einem Reichsgerichtsurteil auf allen Fällen erst den Kasernenpflichtigen nachkommen bezw. die Beiträge der Arbeiter zurückbehalten und an die Kassen abliefern. Nur das, was ihm dann noch übrig bleibt, darf er zur Lohnauszahlung verwenden. * Das große Spiel- und Sportfest, das von der Abteilung VII des Vereins für Volkswohl auf dem „Sandanger“ veranstaltet wird, ist auf kommenden Sonntag angesetzt. An den Einzelkonkurrenz beteiligen sich insgesamt 141 Mann. Von 3 Uhr finden die volkstümlichen Wettkämpfe der Mittel- und Volkschulen, der Phereb Schule und der Jugendturner der Hallischen Turnerwissenschaft statt. Daran schließen sich die Vorführen der Hallischen Kraftsportvereine (Adler und Wissenschaft), die eine alte Stunde später folgende interessante Bild der Einzelkonkurrenz um die ersten Stunden von Halle im Schnellauf über 100 Meter, Hochsprung, Kugelstoßen, Diskuswerfen, Weitsprung, 1500 Meter Laufen, Kugelstoßen, Diskuswerfen, Weitsprung, 3000 Meter Staffette, Hochsprung, 400 Meter Staffette, Ringen (Gymnastik und Wissenschaft). Von 7 Uhr sind Fußballspiele zwischen H.K. von 1986 1 und Britanniag J. Um 7 Uhr erfolgt dann die Preisverteilung. Die Preise bestehen in Eichenkränzen. Die Oberleitung liegt in den Händen des Herrn Turnlehrers A. Freund, der auch Vorsitzender der Abteilung VII des Vereins für Volkswohl ist. Das Fest gilt bekanntlich auch als Sedanfeier. * Auf das große Waldfest am Mittwoch in Leister's Waldhaus in der Dölauer Heide sei hiermit letztmals hingewiesen. Das Fest stellt eine Veranstaltung dar, wie sie in ihrer Eigenartigkeit bisher noch nicht vorgekommen ist. Nächstausreichender Sitzgelegenheit für 10.000 Personen ist besonders Wert auf die Beleuchtung gelegt. Durch das Entgegenkommen der Halle-Hetstedter Eisenbahn sind, außer vollständiger Erneuerung der Gasbeleuchtung, auch tausendkerzige Lichtkörper unter Benutzung hoher Masten neu errichtet, so daß der anweite Raum tagesselten erleuchtet wird. Die italienische acht wird durch 1500 Lampions und 300 Näpfchen hergestellt. Einen eigenartigen Reiz verspricht die magische Beleuchtung der angrenzenden Waldpartien. Die Ausführung der gesamten Beleuchtung liegt in den Händen der Firma Hermann Pfeiffer, Pyrotechniker, Halle-Cröllwitz. Des Kabaretts, eingerichtet von namhaften Künstlern unseres Stadttheaters und geleitet vom Regisseur Sieg, des großen, von 120 Sängern zu veranstaltenden Vokalkonzerts unter Leitung des Liedermeisters Privatlehrers Hermann Schulze, des Auftratens des Hallischen Solo-Künstler-Quartetts Nilius-Lau und des Monster-Instrumentalkonzerts ist bereits Erwähnung getan. Auch die tanzlustige Jugend wird ausgiebig zu ihrem Recht gelangen. Den Schluss der Veranstaltung bildet das Auftreten des g Zapfenstreiches, dabei wirkt das Tambourkorps des 3. Bataillons Regiments Nr. 36 mit. Der sich anschließende Fackelzug mit Musik durch verschiedene Waldpfade nach dem Bahnhof verspricht mit seinen tausenden von Kerzen ein balmlegendes Schauspiel. Das Ganze, dessen Ertrag zum Besten armer Waisen bestimmt ist, ist trotz Bewilligung bedeutender Preisermäßigungen mit einem Kostenaufwand von über 3000 M. ins Werk gesetzt. Die Hettstedter Bahn fährt an. Gerade und bis nachts 12 Uhr mit 50 Prozent Ermäßigung. * Rekruten-Vorbereitungs-Lehrgang. Am 28. August fand in der Aula der Kloster-Schule die Eröffnungsversammlung des vom Kreiskriegerverband veranstalteten Rekruten-Vorbereitungs-Lehrgangs statt. Angemeldet hatten sich gegen 140 Rekruten, die bis auf wenige Verhinderte vollzählig erschienen waren. Der 1. Vorsteher des Kreiskriegerverbandes, Major a. D. Rauchfuß, begrüßte die künftigen Kameraden mit warmen Worten und legte dar, wie notwendig die gründliche militärische Ausbildung unserer wehrfähigen Jugend, ihren Dienstarbeiter die Arbeit niedergelegt hohen Der um recht gut 2 - Wer ar, Rekruten während der kommenden Dienstzeit das Glück dem höchsten Kriegsherrn zu begegnen, sich dann nicht durch die glänzenden Uniformen seiner Umgebung ablenken zu lassen, sondern sein blaues Hohenzollernauge zu suchen; der Eindruck werde ein bleibender für Lebenszeit sein. Er schloß mit einem begeistert aufgenommenen Kaiserhoch. Sodann legte der Leiter des Lehrgangs, Oberleutnant d. R. Dr. Paech, in längeren Ausführungen Zweck und Einrichtung des Lehrgangs dar. Für die spätere militärische Ausbildung sei es äußerst wichtig, dass man ohne Bangen oder gar Voreingenommenheit in den neuen Beruf eintrete. Eine vorurteilsfreie Würdigung militärischer Verhältnisse sei aber nur möglich, wenn man von der sich namentlich aus der vaterländischen Geschichte ergebenen Notwendigkeit einer starken Armee und einer starken Flotte gerade für Deutschland überzeugt sei; habe man diese Einsicht, dann gelange man auch sehr bald zu dem richtigen Verständnis für die Eigenart des Soldatenleben und für die Erfordernisse des Dienstes, und an die Stelle von Befangenheit und Scheu trete freudiges Vertrauen. Dieses sei durch den Lehrgang geweckt und gefördert werden. Am Sonntag begann dann der eigentliche Unterricht durch einen Vortrag des Oberleutnants im Fusilier-Regiment Nr. 36 Klinghammer über Wehrpflicht. Außer dem Genannten haben Vorträge, wie wir hören, die Herren Stabsarzt d. R. Dr. Grünenberg, Oberarzt d. R. Dr. Rettig, Leutnant im Fusilier-Regiment Nr. 36 Bretschneider und Kandidat des höheren Lehramts Mund neben dem Leiter übernommen. Die Sonntagsvorträge finden fortan, da die Mehrzahl der Teilnehmer an diesem Tage verhindert ist, Montag abend statt, so dass der Kurs an den Montag-, Mittwoch- und Sonnabend-Abenden von 8 bis 10 Uhr abgehalten wird. Wie wir weiter hören, soll am Schluss des Lehrgangs jedem Teilnehmer eine Bescheinigung über die Teilnahme ausgestellt werden. Anmeldungen, auch seitens Freiwilliger, sind noch jetzt zulässig und an den Leiter zu richten. Die Einkommensteuerung der Ärzte betreffen mehrere wichtige Entscheidungen des höchsten preußischen Verwaltungsgerichtshofes. Dem Rohertrag der verschiedenen Einkommensquellen sind die Aufwendungen zur Erwerbung, Sicherung und Erhaltung des Ertrages als Werbungskosten in Abzug zu bringen. Nun hat das Oberverwaltungsgericht in seiner neuesten Rechtsprechung entschieden, daß bei der Tätigkeit eines Arztes als Werbungskosten nicht gelten und deshalb nicht abzugsfähig sind: die Beiträge an Ärztestandesvereine im Gegensatz zu den nach 88 des Gesetzes abzugsfähigen Beiträgen zu den Ärztekammern; die Ausgaben der Ärzte für Fachliteratur, wie medizinische Bücher, Zeitungen, Zeitschriften, Wochenblätter, Broschüren usw.; die Ausgaben für die Teilnahme an ärztlichen Fortbildungskursen. Als Grund führen die in der letzten amtlichen Veröffentlichung des Gesichtshofes bekanntgegebenen Entscheidungen an, dass nach der Rechtsprechung des Oberverwaltungsgerichts nur solche Ausgaben abgezogen werden könnten, die unmittelbar zur Erwerbung, Sicherung und Erhaltung des betreffenden Einkommens dienten. Die in Rede stehenden Ausgaben betrachten aber in erster Linie die Erhaltung der Einkommensquelle selbst und nur mittelbar den Ertrag der Quelle. Ferner entschied das Oberverwaltungsgericht, dass die Kosten der Anschaffung von Pferden und Wagen an Stelle eines Automobils nicht als Werbungskosten gelten, weil sie keine eigentliche Ersatzanschaffung im Sinne des Artikels 21 der Ausführungsanweisung, sondern die Anschaffung einer ganz anderen Art von Fuhrwerk darstellen. Zum Fahneneidfest der Schutztruppler wird noch mitgeteilt, dass der Kriegerverein „Germania“ - Halle und der Verein ehemaliger Kaiserlicher Marine Patenvereine waren. Stadttheater. Es sei darauf aufmerksam gemacht, dass als besondere Veranstaltungen in dieser Woche am Mittwoch, abends 8 Uhr, das letzte Volkskonzert vom gesamten Stadttheaterorchester in Bad Wittekind gespielt wird. Ferner ist für Sonnabend, abends 8. Uhr, das Benefiz-Konzert für Kapellmeister Heinrich Laber in Aussicht genommen. Ringkämpfe im Walhallatheater. Interessant gestaltete sich gestern abend der Entscheidungskampf zwischen Strenge und Karapini. Der Italiener sowie Strenge sind Männer von Klasse und nebenbei auch sympathisch. Ein Übergewicht lässt sich bei beiden schwer feststellen, und so konnte gestern nur ein schnelles Handeln den Ausschlag geben. Strenge besiegte seinen Gegner in 45 Min. durch Kopfgriff aus dem Stand. Auch der Kampf zwischen Paxon und Nitschke zeigte eine formvollendete Technik. Obwohl Paxon um Haupteslänger größer ist, durchkreuzte der flinke Nitshke fortgesetzt seine Absichten. Es war bewundernswert, mit welcher Zuverlässigkeit er jedesmal Herr der Situation wurde. Nach 20 Minuten lautete das Ergebnis: unentschieden. Einen weiteren Sieg errang Jackson über Carlos in 8 Min. durch Untergriff von vorn. Aus Anlass eines Benefizes zeigte sich Paul Bahn in verschiedenen athletischen Künsten. Heute ringen: Jackson gegen Bahn (Entscheidungskampf); Degenkolb gegen Nitshke Entscheidungskampf; Paxon - Karapini. Zu dem Vorfall am letzten Sonnabend sei berichtigend bemerkt, dass nicht die Schiedsrichter es waren, sondern dass ein Bühnenangesteller Anlass zur Ablenkung des Herrn Nitshke gab. Solbad Wittekind. In der betriebstechnischen Leitung des Bades ist vor einigen Tagen ein Wechsel eingetreten; die selbe wurde dem Bademeister und geprüften Masseur Zell übertragen, einem bewährten Fachmann. Massage-Kuren für Herren und Damen können bei gewissenhaftester Bedienung in Wittekind durchgeführt werden. Die verschiedenen Arten der medizinischen Bäder, die verabfolgt werden, sind im heutigen Journalenteil aufgeführt. Als Spezialität von Wittekind gelten die mit echter Schmiedeberger Eisengeschütt zur Herstellung der Moorbäder zubereiteten Moorbäder. Zoo. Nächsten Sonntag ist „billiger Sonntag“. Sualschloßbrauerei. Am Mittwoch finden zwei große Militärkonzerte statt. Abends Brillantes Feuerwerk und Prächtige Illumination des Etablissements, Die Demmersche Saaledampfschiffahrt unternimmt am Mittwoch nachmittag eine Fahrt nach Neu-Ragoczy und Wettin und am Donnerstag vormittag eine letzte billige Fahrt nach Wettin und Rothenburg. (S. Anzeige.) Die Meisterprüfung vor der Prüfungskommission der Handwerkskammer zu Halle bestanden: im Damen-Schneiderhandwerk: Frl. Auguste Stiller, Frl. Jna Rosenbaum, Frl. Helene Hallmann, Frl. Martha Schröter, und im Herren- sowie im Damen-Schneiderhandwerk Herr Reinhold Hennig, sämtlich aus Halle. Zwangsversteigerungen. Am Gerichtsstelle wurden im Wege der Zwangsvollstreckung folgende, unter Zwangsverwaltung stehende und öffentlich meistbietend versteigert: Freiimfelderstraße 9, auf den Namen des Bauunternehmers Ernst Kaufmann eingetragen, mit einem fährlichen Nutzungswert von 3810 M. Belastet war das Grundstück bis hoch in die 60 000 M. Erster Herausgabe war ein Hypothekengläubiger, verehelichte Maschinenbauer Braune, hier, mit 63 000 M. - Niemeyerstraße 9, vordem dem Zimmermeister Eduard Hoppe gehörig, dann herrenlos, da der Genannte auf das Vermögensrecht verzichtet. Der fährliche Wert ist mit 3200 M. Belastet war das Grundstück mit 42 000 M. und 8000 Der zweite Hypothekengläubiger erschien es mit 44,400 M. Der Zusatz wurde noch ausgelegt. Rechtzeitig entdecktes Feuer. Als der Oberwächter Nr. 5 der Wach- und Schließgesellschaft bei morgen gegen 3,10 Uhr seinen Rundgang in der oberen Leipziger Straße machte, nahm er einen Brandgeruch wahr. Er schloss das Haus Nr. 59 auf und fand den Hof voller Rauch, der aus dem Keller kam. Es waren dort Kohlen, die vor dem Backofen lagerten, in Brand geraten. Der Wächter weckte sofort die Hausbewohner und alarmierte die Feuerwehr, die die Feuer in kurzer Zeit besiegte. Die Kohlen waren durch Überheizung des Backofens in Brand geraten, Zu der Erbschaft auf dem Felde hinter dem Lagerplatz Delitzscherstraße 74, von der wir gestern berichtet hatten, teilt man noch mit: Das ausgelegte Knäblein ist höchstens 10 Tage bis 3 Wochen alt. Folgend fanden sich bei ihm vor: Zwei rotgestreifte Barchentefleidchen, zwölf Windeln aus verschiedenfarbigen alten Zeugen, eine gehäkelte weiße Nabelbinde mit rotem Rand, eine Früchte h Nabelbinde, zwei gestrickte wollene Jäckchen mit dunkelblauen Spitzen um Kragen und Ärmel, ein weißes Barchentjäckchen und vier Nach 88 des Einkommensteuer gesetzes sind von folgenden Sachen und die Provinz S e Paris in Franc re die zur Ermittlung der Herkunft des Kindes An aben machen können, wollen sich bei der Kriminalabteilung, Zimmer 87 oder 19, melden. Leichenfunde. Heut vormittag um 10 Uhr wurde die Leiche einer ca. 65-jährigen Frau am linken Ufer der Elide Saale zwischen dem Kabel- und den Schäferei-Äußern angefunden. Es handelt sich um die Frau Rentier aus Talstraße, die tot ist. Die Leiche wurde nach dem Cröllwitzer Friedhof gebracht. — Eine seit dem 19. August vermisste Arbeiter-Ehefrau von hier wurde am Sonntag bei Lettin als Leiche aus der Saale gezogen. Aus Liebeskummer. In der vergangenen Nacht nahm ein sag Dienstmädchen in selbsmörderischer Absicht Kaliumex nicht. Als Grund zur Tat dürfte Liebeskummer an zu denken sein, da das Mädchen nach Empfang eines Rufs von ihrem Brautigam die Tat beging. Durchbrenner und Messer. Gestern abend fuhren zwei Arbeiter mit einer Droschke vom Marktplatz nach einer Schankwirtschaft in der Lege e. Beide verließen durch einen zweiten Ausgang die Stadthaft ohne die Droschkenfahrt bezahlt zu haben, wurden aber von dem Kutscher und einem Reisenden verfolgt und eingeholt. Um ihre Namen festzustellen, kam es zu einer Schlägerei, wobei auch das Messer eine Recht Erhebliche Verletzungen kamen aber nicht - durch die Schlägerei entstand ein größerer Aufruhr. Aufgegriffen. Ein sich seit etwa 3 Wochen umher treibender ist größere Schulknabe wurde heute früh in der Ludwigstrasse aufgegriffen und seinem Vater übergeben. — Bei einer in der vergangenen Nacht vorgestellten Streife wurde ein Mann in einem östlich der Freilingerstraße belegenen Strohdiemen nächtigend angetroffen. Er wurde als Dieb festgenommen. Vor dem Stadtgut auf dem Böllbergerweg wurden heute nacht von einem Polizeiagenten zwei Männer angehalten, die je einen kleinen Sack Gurken bei sich führten. Die Männer gaben zu, die Gurken in der Feldflur zwischen Wörmlitz und Röpzig gestohlen zu haben. Von der Straße. Ein Schneidermeister wurde gestern früh auf dem Riebeckplatz von einer Kraftdroschke umgefahren. Er fiel auf den Hinterkopf und blieb bewusstlos liegen. Mit der Kraftdroschke wurde der Verletzte der Klinik zugeführt. Die Schuld soll den Verletzten selbst treffen. — Von einem mit Stroh beladenen Geschirr, das einem - ausweichen wollte, wurde vor dem Grundstück Merseburgerstraße 65 die Straßenlaterne umgefahren und vollständig zertrümmert. Aus dem Vereinsleben. Der Verein städtischer Beamten besichtigte am Sonnabend die Cröllwitzer Papierfabrik. Den Teilnehmern, in verschiedenen Gruppen geteilt, wurde die Papierbereitung vom Anfang bis Ende in den einzelnen Abteilungen des umfangreichen Betriebs - es werden weit über 500 Arbeiter beschäftigt - gezeigt. Interessant war die Feststellung, dass eine Ansammlung der Sulfatdünste und Ausstoßung in der Nacht oder in den Morgenstunden technisch unmöglich ist. Auch die von der Fabrik getroffenen kosolenfahigen Wagen zur Beseitigung bzw. Unschädlichmachung der Abgase wurden eingehend besichtigt. Die Fabrikleitung ist danach unausgezehlt bemüht, Verbesserungen in dieser Richtung herbeizuführen. So hat sich die Erblichtwitzer Papierfabrik mit einigen anderen bedeutenden Papierfabriken zur Errichtung einer Versuchsfabrik vereinigt, in der Mittel erprobt werden sollen, um die bei der Strohkocherei entstehenden üblen Abgase restlos los zu werden. Der „Tiergarten“ veranstaltet am Sonnabend abend im Saal des Zoologischen Gartens einen kinematographischen Projektionsabend, der interessante Aufnahmen aus der Tierwelt bringen wird, u. a. eine Löwen- und eine Giraffenjagd in der Maas-Steppe. Der nämlich Turnverein hat neuerdings zwei weitere Siege im volkstümlichen Turnen (Sechskampf) an seine Fahne gesetzt. Es gingen die Mitglieder Willi Witte mit 914 Punkten und Axel Gottsmann mit 792 Punkten als Sieger beim Bergfest „Scharfenfelß“ hervor. Gottsmann, der das 42. Jahr bereits überschritten hat, wurde in der Männer- und in der Altersabteilung Sieger. Die Frauenhilfe für evangelische Gemeinden hält am Mittwoch, nachmittags 3 Uhr, in der Mauersstraße 7 eine Versammlung zu gemeiner Arbeit und Beratung ab. Rat zu sich; Lebensgefahr besteht jedoch der jetzt zu Vancouver (94:10). Gerichts-Zeitung. Ein Steuerhinterziehungsprozess. Naumburg, 25. August. Von der Strafkammer wurde Bürgermeister Kretschmar in Kösen von der Anklage der Steuerhinterziehung freigesprochen. Als Bürgermeister Kretschmar vor einigen Jahren heiratete, wurde ihm von der Stadt als Hebergutschenk die Überlassung von elektrischer Energie aus dem städtischen Elektrizitätswerke während seiner Amtszeit bewilligt. Durch Umzug in eine Wohnung wurde später der Nutzen dieses Geschenkes ein größerer. In der Steuererklärung war nun dieser Nutzen nicht mit aufgeführt, und auf Anzeige hin wurde der Bürgermeister vom Vorsitzenden der Steuerkommission verstanden, dass dieses Geschenk auch zur Steuer veranlagt werden müsse; es sei ein Teil seines Einkommens. Von der Regierung wurde im Verwaltungswege eine Strafe gegen den Bürgermeister K. wegen Steuerhinterziehung verfügt, die auf erhobene gerichtliche Entscheidungsklage vom Schöffengericht mit 30 Mark Strafe festgesetzt wurde. Die hiergegen eingelegte Berufung vor der Strafkammer war erfolgreich. Der Bürgermeister wurde freigesprochen, da das Gericht annahm, dass er im Recht gewesen sei, diesen Nutzen nicht zu steuern. Dieser stelle vielmehr nach dem Willen der Stadtverwaltung eine reine Schenkung dar und stehe mit dem Diensteancoming in keinem Zusammenhang. Schenkungen unterliegen in Preußen aber nur der Steuer, wenn sie dem Vermögen vergrößern, nicht aber unmittelbar als Einkommen steuerpflichtig sind. Manschelnde Dame m. Dessa, 23. August. Ein eigenartiges Milieu beleuchtete eine Verhandlung, die soeben vor dem Düssauer Schöffengericht stattfand. Angeklagt war die frühere Bedienung eines Düssauer Hotels, die des Duldens von Lückspielen beschuldigt worden war. Als Zeugen waren u.a. Auch fünf Damen aus der besseren Gesellschaft geladen, die sich wöchentlich oder dreimal um 4 Uhr nachmittags im Lokal der Angeklagten zuammenfanden, um dort zu mauschen. Ab und zu nahmen auch Herren an dem Spiel teil. So passierte es einem dort logierenden Reisenden, dass ihm ein ganzes Bargeld abgenommen wurde und er seine Rechnung nicht beachten konnte. Darum wurde er wegen Zechprellerei verklagt, und in dem Ermittlungsverfahren kam das Mauschen ans Tageslicht und hatte die Eröffnung des Strafverfahrens gegen die Wirtin zur Folge. Sie bestritt, von dem Treiben der Mauscheldamen Kenntnis zu haben. Als sie eines Tages die Damen, die ihre Karten selbst mitbrachten, fragte, was an einem Spiel getrieben würde, habe man ihr gesagt, es sei nur ein leichtes Fach. Sie aber erklärte, dass sie Glücksspiele nicht dulde. Die Folge war gewesen, dass der Mauschelklub pendlend und sich in einem anderen Lokal etablierte. Nach der Anklage hat das Spiel zu - weilen bis früh um 6 Uhr gedauert. Das Gericht erkannte die Angeklagte auf eine Geldstrafe von 20 Mark. Den Einwand, dass man ohne Fang, also kein verbotenes Glücksspiel, gespielt habe, gelten, nicht, - - - - RuderSport. G. atta, dass neben der ekommen waren und die wieder) gegen das die wieder Halle Reise von Deu t große Reise zu e ch. hatten. Sie ewannen Rennen (Großer Stadtgymnasium. Im zweiten Rennen mangelnder Beteiligung allein über die Bahn ging Ruderriege musste 3 und kam damit in Oberrealschule den endgültigen Besitz des schon im Vorjahr gewonnenen Preises. Im Riemen-Zweier siegte Leitmeritz gegen Oberrealschule mit etwa. Bootslängen. Als zweites passierte heil des Stadtgymnasiums, deren Mannschaft noch kurz vor der Regatta umgemeldet werden musste und der desvals natürlich noch v genügend eingefahren war. Im nächsten Rennen (Junior Zweier) brach am Boot der Torgauer kurz nach dem Start ein Dollen, so dass nach einer Reparatur des dens noch einmal gestartet werden musste. Unglücklicherweise zerbrach hierbei demselben Ruderer der Riemen, so dass sich die Mannschaft leider gezwungen sah, das Rennen aufzugeben; Oberrealschule ging darauf, wie im 2. Rennen, allein über die Bahn. |
github_open_source_100_1_527 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #include "UprobesUnwindingVisitor.h"
namespace LinuxTracing {
void UprobesUnwindingVisitor::visit(StackSamplePerfEvent* event) {
CHECK(listener_ != nullptr);
const std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData>& full_callstack =
callstack_manager_.ProcessSampledCallstack(event->GetTid(), *event);
if (!full_callstack.empty()) {
Callstack returned_callstack{
event->GetTid(),
CallstackFramesFromLibunwindstackFrames(full_callstack),
event->GetTimestamp()};
listener_->OnCallstack(returned_callstack);
}
}
void UprobesUnwindingVisitor::visit(UprobesWithStackPerfEvent* event) {
CHECK(listener_ != nullptr);
// We are seeing that, on thread migration, uprobe events can sometimes be
// duplicated: the duplicate uprobe event will have the same stack pointer and
// instruction pointer as the previous uprobe, but different cpu. In that
// situation, we discard the second uprobe event.
// We also discard a uprobe event in the general case of strictly-increasing
// stack pointers, as for a given thread's sequence of u(ret)probe events, two
// consecutive uprobe events must be associated with non-increasing stack
// pointers (the stack grows towards lower addresses).
// Duplicate uprobe detection.
uint64_t uprobe_sp = event->GetRegisters()[PERF_REG_X86_SP];
uint64_t uprobe_ip = event->GetRegisters()[PERF_REG_X86_IP];
uint32_t uprobe_cpu = event->GetCpu();
std::vector<std::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t, uint32_t>>& uprobe_sps_ips_cpus =
uprobe_sps_ips_cpus_per_thread_[event->GetTid()];
if (!uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.empty()) {
uint64_t last_uprobe_sp = std::get<0>(uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.back());
uint64_t last_uprobe_ip = std::get<1>(uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.back());
uint32_t last_uprobe_cpu = std::get<2>(uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.back());
uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.pop_back();
if (uprobe_sp > last_uprobe_sp) {
ERROR("MISSING URETPROBE OR DUPLICATE UPROBE");
return;
} else if (uprobe_sp == last_uprobe_sp && uprobe_ip == last_uprobe_ip &&
uprobe_cpu != last_uprobe_cpu) {
ERROR("Duplicate uprobe on thread migration");
return;
}
}
uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.emplace_back(uprobe_sp, uprobe_ip, uprobe_cpu);
function_call_manager_.ProcessUprobes(event->GetTid(),
event->GetFunction()->VirtualAddress(),
event->GetTimestamp());
// Careful: UprobesWithStackPerfEvent* event ends up being moved from
// LateUnwindCallstack's constructor.
callstack_manager_.ProcessUprobesCallstack(event->GetTid(),
std::move(*event));
}
void UprobesUnwindingVisitor::visit(UretprobesPerfEvent* event) {
CHECK(listener_ != nullptr);
// Duplicate uprobe detection.
std::vector<std::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t, uint32_t>>& uprobe_sps_ips_cpus =
uprobe_sps_ips_cpus_per_thread_[event->GetTid()];
if (!uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.empty()) {
uprobe_sps_ips_cpus.pop_back();
}
std::optional<FunctionCall> function_call =
function_call_manager_.ProcessUretprobes(event->GetTid(),
event->GetTimestamp());
if (function_call.has_value()) {
listener_->OnFunctionCall(function_call.value());
}
callstack_manager_.ProcessUretprobes(event->GetTid());
}
void UprobesUnwindingVisitor::visit(MapsPerfEvent* event) {
callstack_manager_.ProcessMaps(event->GetMaps());
}
std::vector<CallstackFrame>
UprobesUnwindingVisitor::CallstackFramesFromLibunwindstackFrames(
const std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData>& libunwindstack_frames) {
std::vector<CallstackFrame> callstack_frames;
callstack_frames.reserve(libunwindstack_frames.size());
for (const unwindstack::FrameData& libunwindstack_frame :
libunwindstack_frames) {
callstack_frames.emplace_back(
libunwindstack_frame.pc, libunwindstack_frame.function_name,
libunwindstack_frame.function_offset, libunwindstack_frame.map_name);
}
return callstack_frames;
}
} // namespace LinuxTracing
|
homeranintroduc07jebbgoog_8 | English-PD | Public Domain | 26. The history of early epics in other languages is Analogy a source from which illustration of the Homeric question gadv has been sought. But the history of such epics is often epics, itself more or less obscure. And, from the nature of the case, the only illustration which can be expected is of the most general kind. Before any definite solution of the Homeric problem could derive scientific support from such 2j/i5Llogies, it would be necessary to show that the particular conditions under which the Homeric poems auburn (^ay^os), in 16. 176 it is dark («cuai'6o$), — as also in 6. 231, unless the io.KivB^vov Mos is an image merely for curliness, not for colour. Note that, on Kirchhoif' s view, this would be a case of the author of the 'sequel* contradicting himself; for both 13. 399 and 16. 176 are his. ^ Entwickelung der homerischen Poesie (Berlin, 1882), pp. 22? (T. Digitized by VjOOQ IC 132 HOMER. [CH. IV. appear in early Greece had been reproduced with sufficient closeness elsewhere. Still, it is necessary for the student of Homer to know the general scope of such comparisons, if only in order to control the arguments drawn from them. Among the early epics which offer some general resemblance to the Homeric poems, the following are the principal. 27. (i) The Mahdbhdrata and the Rdmdyana, Of these two great Sanscrit epics, the latter has been com- pared to the Odyssey^ because (a) the interest is concen- trated upon a single hero, Rama; and (b) the structure has greater unity*. The Mahdbhdrata^ on the other hand, so far resembles the Iliad that {d) the heroic interest is more divided, and ip) there are stronger traces of its having been put together, at least to some extent, from parts originally distinct, and of different dates'. As the Odyssey is now generally believed to be, as a whole, later than the Iliad^ so, according to one view, the Rdmd- yana is later than the greater part of the Mahdbhdrata, 28. (2) The early French romances of chivalry, or * Chan- sons de Geste.' These, which are traced back to the eleventh century, represent *the earliest form which finished litera- ture took in France",' just as the Homeric poems stand at the beginning of Greek literature. Like Homer, they were a native growth. Like Homer, they were recited. The composer, or *trouvbre,' was usually a distinct person from the reciter, or 'jongleur,' who corresponded to the Greek rhapsode. As a type of the 'Chansons de Geste' may be taken the Chanson de Roland^ of the eleventh century, which is a sort of French Achilleid. It opens when Charlemagne has been warring for seven years against the Saracens in Spain , and after its hero, the French Roland, ^ As Grote says that the Odyssey was * moulded at one projection,' f;o Lassen {Indisch, Alth, i. 584) says that the Ramayana is 'from a single mould ' {aus einem Gusse). * * Es kann keine Frage seyn, dass wir im MahabhSrata StUcke aus sehr verschiedenen Zeiten, wie sehr verschieden an Inhalt und Farbe vor uns haben' (Lassen l.c,). * Saintsbury, Short History 0/ French Literature^ ch. Ii. p. 10. Digitized by Google CH. IV.] THE HOMERIC QUESTION. 133 has been slain in the Pyrenees, the poem relates the doom of a false knight who had betrayed him to death. The 'Chansons de Geste/ it has been supposed, had been pre- ceded by short historical ballads called 'cantilenae,* which were worked up in the 'Chansons/ But the 'cantilenae' are lost; and the theory lacks good evidenced Were it otherwise, then the 'cantilenae' would have been analo- gous to the short heroic lays (nXia dvBptav) which appear to have preceded the Homeric epics. 29. (3) The poetic JSdda of Iceland'. This is a collection of poems, most of which date probably from the 8th or 9th century, some of them being merely fragments of longer heroic lays which are not extant. They deal with the myths and religious legends of early Scandinavian civilisation. But they do not form a single epic. Gathered, probably, from oral tradition, long after they were composed, they were thrown together, in a body which has no poetical unity, about iioo a.d. Thus, if any inference could properly be drawn from the £tiday it would be that short separate poems on cognate subjects can long exist as a collection, without coalescing into such an artistic whole as the Iliad or the Odyssey, 30. (4) The Nibelungenlied (or Der Nibelunge Ndt\ As the Homeric poems give an artistic form to older legends, so the German romantic epic is only the final shape of a 1 The Homeric theories of Wolf and his followers suggested similar theories in regard to the Chansons de Geste, as M. Paul remarks (Rechei'ches sur V Apopie fran^aise^ p. 65). 3 The name Edda is borne by two entirely distinct bodies of ancient Icelandic writings. One is the poetic Edda noticed above. The other, to which the name is more anciently and properly given, is the prose Edda, a miscellaneous collection of writings, ascribed to Snorri Sturluson, the most eminent of early Scandinavian writers, and probably completed about 1222. See Mr E. W. Gosse in the EncycL Brit, (9th ed.) vol. VII. p. 649. * The Nibelungen are a race of mysterious and supernatural beings. Siegfried, the hero of the poem, has carried off a great treasure of gold and gems from two princes of the Nibelungen-land, to whom it had been bequeathed by their father, the king Nibelung. The subject Digitized by Google 134 HOMER. [CH. IV. Teutonic saga which had appeared in many earlier forms. So far, Lachmann's view (1816) was plausible, that it had been put together about 1210 a.d. from twenty old ballads. But the view now generally received is that of Prof. K. Bartsch. The Ntbelungenlied vfdi^ written, by one man, about 11 40, — the lines ending in assonances, not in rhymes. About 11 70 another poet partially introduced rhyme instead of assonance : and between 1190 and 1200 this process was completed, in two distinct recensions, by two different hands. One of these has preserved the original form more closely than the other*. Thus, if we could argue at all from the case of the Nibelungenlied^ the argument would tell against the Wolfians, and in favour of such a view as that of Nitzsch, described above. 31. (5) The Kaleufala of Finland. This is a kind of epic poem, called from *Kaleva,' a happy land, three heroes of which struggle against foes from the land of cold and the land of death. The style has been compared to that of Longfellow's Hiawatha, It embodies the old folk-lore of the Finns, and existed only in scattered songs, preserved by memory alone, until they were collected and written down early in this century. Dr E. Lonnrot, the chief collector, published 12,000 verses in 1835, and in 1849 a new edition of 22,793'. Here, then, is a case seemingly in favour of Lachmann — Dr Lonnrot answering to Peisistratus or his commission. But, on the other hand, the texture of the Kalewala is said to be of a very loose kind: it has not unity of plot in at all the same sense as the Iliad and the Odyssey have it". The Kalewala could not, of the epic is the * doom ' or curse which this enchanted hoard brings on its possessor, as exemplified in the ill-starred loves of Siegfried and the heroine Kriemhild, and in the sequel thereof. 1 See Mr. James Sime in EncycL Brit, (9th ed.) vol. xvil. p. 476. « See Mr. J. S. Keltie, in EncycL Brit, (9th ed.) vol. ix. p. 219. ^ * It has none of the unity of structure which we find in Homer, but ranges over the whole life of the hero, from his birth to his disappearance in extreme old age ' : Mr. Monro in Journal of PhUo- logy^ vol. XI. p. 59. Digitized by Google CII. IV.] THE HOMERIC QUESTION. 135 of course, be cited as an instance of an epic arising from a fortuitous or spontaneous aggregation of songs: the editor would naturally seek to give them such unity as he could. And it further fails to prove that mere combining and editing can form an artistic whole out of originally distinct songs, even though concerned with closely-related themes. 32. (6) The Persian epic, the Shahnamah, or *Book of Kings,' is a history of Persia in 60,000 verses, based on old popular legends \ It is wholly the work of Firdousi (a name assumed by Abu 'I Cdsim Mansdr), who completed it in T009 A.D. It claims notice here as suppl)dng perhaps the fairest illustration for the ancient view of the Homeric epics as wholly the work of one man, in this respect — that the Shahnamah became the popular national epic of Persia almost as the Homeric poems became the national epics of Greece. 33. (7) The early war-poetry of England. In such pieces as the ^Battle Song of Bnmanhurh* (937 a. d.) and the ^Song of the Fight at Maldon^ (991 a.d.) there are several traits which might remind us of Homer*. The Maldon song is about as long as one book of the Iliad, If twenty-four such songs had grown into one English epic, taking unity from a central theme, that would have been an English Iliad, According to the primary relation of the songs to each other, it would have offered an analogy favourable to the view of Wolf, of Hermann, or of Lach- mann. But in our country, as in others, we fail to find any true parallel to the case of the Homeric poems. These poems must be studied in themselves, without looking for aid, in this sense, to the comparative method. * See the article on Firdousf, by the late Prof. E. H. Palmer, in the EncycU Brit, (9th ed.) vol. ix. p. 225. * Referring to the Song of Maldon, Mr. Stopford Brooke says : — ' In the speeches of heralds and warriors before the fight, in the speeches and single combats of the chiefs, in the loud laugh and mock which follow a good death-stroke, in the rapid rush of the verse when the battle is joined, the poem, though broken,— as Homer's verse is not, — is Homeric' (Primer of English Literature^ p. 15.) Digitized by Google 1^6 HOMER. [CU. IV. There are only two sources from which we can hope for any real light on their origin. One is their subject- matter, of which an outline has been given In Chapter U. The other is their language. Homeric 34. The general character of Homeric language — that ^"S»«€e. ^ijich is common to Iliad and Odyssey — attests the high anti- quity of the poems. The dialect of Homer is Ionic In the fifth century b.c. there is the Ionic of Herodotus, while a kindred, though distinct, dialect has taken a mature form in the Attic literature. A comparison of Homer*s Ionic with the fifth-century Ionic and Attic shows differences of two classes. One class is concerned with the forms of words : the other, with their arrangement in sentences. And these differences are not merely matters of detail or of caprice. They are such as to show that Homer's Ionic belongs to an earlier stage in the development of the language*. In order to give time for such changes, it is necessary to allow an interval of at least two or three centuries. That is, the stamp of Homeric language, as a whole, indicates that we should place the Homeric poems not later than about 800 — 700 B.C. Tradi- 35. But the Ionic of Homer cannot have been the epk^le- spoken dialect of one time. It comprises too great a number ment of alternative forms for even the commonest words*. The Homeric poet used the spoken Ionic of his own day; but, besides this, he used ^Iso an element of earlier Ionic as it came to him in the traditional diction of poetry. At a very early date — how early, we do not know — Ionic became the accepted dialect of epic poetry for all Greeks, as Tuscan became the literary dialect for all Italians. Some forms occur in Homer which are Aeolic. It is possible that these forms may have been adopted into Ionic, as the national ^ See Note at the end of the book. ^ e.g". ehou, ifiev, ififiePt ifuvcUtififJi£Pat: vrivffl, pr,€fffft,pav<fn: irdXtis, ir6\ies, ToXrjes : Tb\i^, irovXOv, voKKdv: UrjKifiakofy Urj\7fia8aOf UrjXelStta, UriXeLdao : 'A^tX^t, 'AxtXX^t, 'AxtXXet : Ta<rt, vavT^cci. i aval, Kwefffftf etc. Digitized by Google CH. IV.] THE HOMERIC QUESTION. 137 dialect for epic poetry, from old Aeolian lays. But it is also possible that they originally belonged to the old Ionic itself, as well as to the old Aeolic. The only thing certain about such forms is that they are very old*. They were part of an epic style which the Ionic poets inherited. 36. And the presence of this traditional element might False ar- easily have a further result. A poet using words or phrases ^^^*^"^^- which lived only in epic convention would be apt to coin similar forms by analogy. In doing this, he would not be controlled by the instinct of living speech; and in those days there was no scientific philology to keep him right. Analogy, then, might prove a misleading guide. The forms which he devised, — believing them to be warranted by similar old forms, — might happen to be incorrect. This would be the origin of * false archaisms.' There are undoubtedly some *false archaisms' in Homer', though probably not so many as some critics have assumed ^ But it is well to mark the ^ Such Homeric forms as iy^v^ vl<rvpei, d/xfiest Hfifies or v/tt^ey, are Aeolic; tcIp, tijpti, etc., Doric. See, on this subject, Mr Monro's papers, 'Traces of different Dialects in the language of Homer' {Joum, of Philology f IX. p. 252), and * Further Notes on Homeric Subjects' {lb. voL xi. p. 56). * Thus i)vh Kp6.T€<r<l>i {II, 10. 156) = 'under his head,* KpdT€(r<f>i being formed on the analogy of aTii$€a<f>i (from the stem ffTtjSes of ^t^^os), and meant for the dat. sing. (KparL) : but this is incorrect, since the stem is not Kparest but k/mt. So {id. 361) iretyeTOVf if meant for the 3rd pers. dual subjuttctive (as TrpoOiyffi in 362 suggests) is wrong, since Homer has 17 in the subjunct. where the indie, has e. Again (ib. 346) 7rapa<l>$airj<n is meant for the optat. vapa<t>dal% but is wrongly formed on the analogy oi subjunctives in -];<rt. These false archaisms in //. 10. confirm the relative lateness of the book, but only with the reserve indicated above. In //. 15. 415, Uicaro^ *he went,* may, as Curtius thought {Princ. ii. 207), be a false archaism, suggested by the analogy oiiF€i<raTOy 'seemed* {Od, 2. 320) : but this is doubtful. Wackemagers view is that it is merely an error for iTJaaro, which he would identify with Sanscr. aydsat (Monro Gr. § 401 n.). * False archaisms have a large place in Prof. Paley's theory, — that 'our Iliad and Odyssey were put together only in the latter part of the 5th century B.C., from the large mass of ballad literature which Pindar and the Tragics know of in their entirety * (Pref. to Iliad^ vol. ii. p. xxi). Digitized by Google 138 HOMER. [CH. IV. limit of the inference which can be drawn from such in* stances. It has sometimes been argued that a * false archaism' proves the passage in which it occurs to be altogether later than the age of Ionian epos, — as late (say) as 450 — 400 B. c. This inference is unsound. The pos- sibility of false archaisms began as soon ^s there were genuine archaisms. False archaisms might have been made in 8oD or 900 b. c, as easily as in 450 b. c, by an Ionian poet who found in the traditional epic diction certain forms or phrases which no longer existed in the living idiom of his day. Dif- 37* So far, we have been considering the general stamp ferences ^f Homeric language, as seen in both the great epics. But Iliad the language of the Odyssey has certain traits of its own, ^? which indicate that, as a whole, it is later than that of the Odyssey* Iliad, It is not safe to lay much stress on mere differences of vocabulary in the two poems. The Iliad deals chiefly with war-scenes, the Odyssey with adventurous travel or domestic life. We should naturally expect a corresponding difference in the classes of words used. Further, many differences might be due to local or personal causes rather than to separation in time. Perhaps the only argument from vocabulary that has any force is the greater frequency in the Odyssey of words which interpret the religious or moral sensed But the evidence of syntax is more sig- nificant The Odyssey has a number of constructions and usages which distinguish it from the Iliad, They ^ As to these, see p. 55, n. i. It is not strange that in the Odyssey alone should be found Icrr/i;, \kaxn (a place where men meet to talk, in Mod. G reek =* club*), do-d/Atf^os (bath), x^/>»'t^ (water for washing the hands), 8ri/xio€py6s (one who plies a peaceful calling). Nor is it strange that 06^905 (* flight*) and (n^vvfu (*to break'), — so frequent in the Iliad battle-scenes, should occur only once each in the Odyssey, Words afterwards so common as iaOifis, x/)^)uaTa(* property*) occur only in the Odyssey, and this is perhaps more significant. iXirts and d6^a occur only in the Odyssey^ except that 56^ris occurs once in //. 10. 324, a book which has other non-Iliadic words in common with the Odyssey, as S^o'ts, 0^/A(y, Sairij, dwriu), ddrjKores, eMa, Toiadeaci, Digitized by Google CH. IV.] THE HOMERIC QUESTION. 139 fall chiefly under the following heads *. (i) Uses of preposi- tions. (2) Uses of the article, of pronouns, conjunctions, particles, and adverbs. (3) Dependent clauses. In regard to metre, again some distinctive points may be noticed*. 38. These characteristics of the Odyssey are either wholly absent from the Iliad^ or occur only in a limited area of it, which is almost always confined to books 9, 10, 23, 24; books which, as we saw, have been held, on other grounds, to be later than most of the others. The late- ness which these particular traits argue is, however, only relative. There is nothing in them which is not con- sistent with the earliest date which could, on other grounds, be claimed for the Odyssey as a whole. They do not affect the generally ancient stamp which its language shares with that of the Iliad, Their effect is only to draw certain limited parts of the Iliad nearer to the Odyssey, They strengthen the probability that some interval of time must be supposed between the bulk of the Iliad and those parts of it which here exhibit a marked affinity with the Odyssey, 39. Homeric metre exhibits traces of certain sounds or Lost letters which were unknown to the Ionic of the historical rounds, age. In one very common word (ws) we see the metrical influence of a lost initial^'. A few instances, though these ^ See Note at the end of the book. * (i) A pause in the verse sometimes excuses the non-elision of & vowel (hiatus), and one case of this is when the beginning of the 5th foot coincides with the beginning of a word : as Od. 2. 57 d\a.irw6.^ov(riv trivovji T€ I atdoira otvop. This division of the verse is called the * bucolic diaeresis,' because especially characteristic of the hexameter in pastoral poetry. Hiatus in this bucolic diaeresis is about twice as frequent in the Od, as in the //. So also is hiatus after the vowel e. In both these metrical points, however, books 23 and 24 of the Iliad show an affinity with the Odyssey, Monro Gr. § 382. ' By the lengthening of a short syllable before it, as //. 11. 58 Mvtlav fft OS Tpuxrl Beds (5$ Tiero Si^fjufi (as though it Were ^ws). This occurs in some 36 places, but the exceptions are scarcely less numerous: as //. 3. 196, aifrbs Si ktIXos Cs (where Bentley proposed avrap \f/i\6s iwv), Monro Ifom, Gr. § 397. Cp. Peile, Greek and Latin Etymology^ pp. 76, 229. Digitized by Google 140 HOMER. [CH. IV. are more doubtful, suggest the similar influence of a lost The di- initial o-*. But the most important case is that of the letter gamma. ^^^^ answering in sound to our V or W. The character for this was like F, or one Greek r placed on top of another : hence its name, 'double gamma', *digamma'.* This was one of the ordinary letters of the earliest Greek alphabet. It occurs in Doric inscriptions, and in the Aeolic inscrip- tions of Greece Proper (Boeotia, Elis, etc.), though not in those of the Asiatic Aeolis. For the existence of the letter in the Ionic alphabet, the evidence is very slender ; in any case, it ceased to be used in Ionic as early, at least, as 500 B.C.' Nor is there any evidence that the letter F was ever written in the ancient texts of Homer. But in * As ^Tt-oX/*ei'o$ {saIio)y &fi<f>l'a\ps {safjf iLti<f>i-€irov (sequot)^ Karatff- X€T(u (for -<rL(rx€Tai), cvpex^s (as if for avffffexis, Od. 5. -257), and occasional hiatus before uXi;, vrvos, ios (stiva, somnus, suus). * Bentley was the first modern scholar who recognised the presence of the digamma in Homeric metre. The earliest hint of his discovery occurs in a note written by him, in 1713, on a blank leaf in his copy of the * Discourse of Free-Thinking * * by Anthony Collins' (in the Library of Trin. Coll., Cambridge) : — * Homer's Siyafifia Aeolicum to be added. otvos, FoTvoSf vinQ : a Demonstration of this, because FoTyoi has always preceding it a vowel : so olvoword^wvj* The digamma was first printed in a quotation from Homer in Bentley *s edition of /*artf</w^ Z^j/ (173^)1 a capital F being used : whence Pope's lines in the Dunciad : * While tow'ring o'er your alphabet, like Saul, | Stands our digamma, and o'ertops them all.' The substance of Bentley's ms. notes on the digamma was published in Dr. J. W. Donaldson's Nro) Cratylus, Cp. * Bentley,' in * English Men of Letters,' pp. 149 — 154. * In the Dorian inscriptions of the 6th and 5th centuries B.C. f is usually retained as an initial letter, even where it is neglected in the body of a word. The Tabulae Heracleenses of the Dorian Heraclea in Magna Graecia (4th cent. B.C.) show the f retained in some words, and omitted in others. For f in the Ionic alphabet the chief evidence is (1) one word in a Naxian inscription of circ, 510 B.C. : (2) three names on vases found in Magna Graecia, and said to have come from Chalcis in Euboea : (3) the name of the town Velia, founded by lonians of Phocaea. The earliest Ionic inscriptions of Euboea itself (6th cent. B. c.) show no trace of f . Tudeer, De digammo pp. 5 ff., thinks that the loss of f in Ionic happened between 800 — 500 B.C. (Monro, Horn, Gr, S3 404 f.) y Google CH. IV.] THE HOMERIC QUESTION. I4I Homeric verse the presence of the sound is often indicated. This occurs in two ways, (i) It warrants ^ hiatus:^ ue, prevents the elision of a vowel before another vowel ; as J7. 9. 128 dfivfjLova tpya. iSmW Here tpya and Ihvia's are treated, for metrical purposes, as if they were written werga widutas, (2) It makes ^ position:^ ue, it lengthens a pre- ceding syllable which would otherwise have been short : as //. 4. 182 <us TTore T4S ^p€€t, where rts is lengthened as if followed by wereei, 40. Now, if these eflfects were constant, there would be incon- less difficulty. We should then have to suppose that a fixed stant use ... 1, 1 , t , of It in epic tradition compelled the poet to assume the sound w Homer. before certain words, whether that sound or letter was generally used in his day, or not. But we find that the Homeric use fluctuates, even in regard to the same words. The digamma does not always prevent elision, or lengthen a short syllable. It does so in upwards of 3300 places. It fails to do so in upwards of 600 places*. How are we to explain the failures ? No conclusive answer has yet been given to this question*. * This is the reckoning of Prof. W. Hartel {Honurische StudUn in.), whose results are given by Mr Monro, Horn, Gr. § 398. Prof. Harters precise figures are 3354 against 617. (i) Of the 3354 cases in which f is operative, it prevents the elision of a short vowel in 9324 ; in 507 it follows a long vowel or diphthong in arsis ; in 164 it prevents the shortening of a diphthong in thesis; and in 359 it lengthens a short syllable ending in a consonant. (2) Of the 617 cases in which f is inoperative, it fails to prevent elision in 324 : it permits a preceding long vowel or diphthong to be shortened in 78 ; and it fails to lengthen a short syllable ending in a consonant in 115. * The principal theories which have been broached are briefly these, (i) Bentley*s: — All places where F is ignored are corrupt. This theory is too sweeping. But it is true that initial f can be restored, without violence, to a very large proportion of places in those parts of the Iliad which are indisputably old. Medial f, too, can often be restored to some words by resolving a diphthong, as by writing kLXXos for /cotXof (cp. Curt. Etym. § 79), 'Arpetdris for ^Arpetdrji. (2) F was going out of use, and so words which originally had F could be used by the poet either with or without f . There were alternative forms. In the case, however, of such words as A^o^, SurrUf ipyov, oUos, ISeTy, the Digitized by VjOOQ IC 142 HOMER. [CH. IV. One thing, at least, is certain. The sound of the di- gamma was known as a living sound in the language by the first Greeks who made epic verse, whether these were lonians or not. As regards the use in Homer, the follow- ing points appear probable, (i) The tradition of the digamma in epic verse had come down to Ionian poets in whose own day the sound had either disappeared from Ionic, or was tending to disappear. (2) The tradition was felt as decidedly more binding in regard to some words and phrases than to others, perhaps because their association with the digamma was traditionally more fa- miliar. (3) Within certain limits, and without absolutely rigid exception of any word, the Ionian poet was free to treat the digamma as a trait of epic style, observing or ignoring it as metrical convenience prompted. (4) The tendency to observe it slightly decreased with increasing distance from the time in which the digamma was a living sound in daily speech \ Sup- 41. It has been supposed that some of the Homeric ^^^ ^r forms which present difficulties are mere blunders of errors ot ^ \ translit- ancient transcribers, made in transliterating Homer from eration. ^^^q older Attic alphabet into the Ionic alphabet, after observance of f is more frequent than the neglect in the ratio of about 14 : I. (3) The f was confined to certain fixed epic phrases. But it is found also in words which occur more rarely {trvs, Irirj, appct etc.). And there are no false instances, such as imitation might generate. (4) Hiatus before any word which once had f was an epic survival. But this does not explain why f should also make position.' (^y Prof. W. Hartel's theory, p was neither a full con- sonant nor a full vowel, but something between the two* Used as a semi-consonant, it could prevent elision or shortening. Used as a semi-vowel, it was compatible with either. Hence the Homeric inconstancy of use would be only apparent : the observance of f would be really universal. 1 As applied to different parts of the //tad and the 0(fyssey, this test hardly yields any results on which stress can be laid. But in the Homeric * hymns,* which belong chiefly to arc, 750 — 500 B.C., the neglect off is decidedly more frequent than in the liiaJ or tlie Odyssey » Digitized by Google CH. IV.] T«E HOMERIC QUESTION. I43 it had been formally adapted at Athens in 403 b.c.* But it is very doubtful whether any errors have really been due to this cause". Whatever disturbing causes may have affected Homeric tradition, at least they have not affected the general com- plexion of Homeric language. Its essential characteristics can still be recognised with certainty. It shows that the Iliad and the Odyssey^ viewed as a whole, belong to an early age. This conclusion would remain unshaken, even if assent were given to the theory lately put forward with much ingenuity by Prof. Fick. 42. He believes that the Homeric poems existed in a Pick's purely Aeolic dialect down to about 530 — 500 B.C., when ^"^^"^y* they were translated into Ionic®. The author of *the Ionic redaction ' was Cynaethus, a rhapsode of Chios, the reputed author of the hymn to the Delian Apollo. According to the scholiast on Pindar, Nem, 2. i, Cynaethus was the first who recited * Homer's poems ' at Syracuse, about the 69th olympiad (504 b. c). At the time when the Aeolic Homer was thus turned into Ionic, or shortly afterwards, Ionic ^ Thus Curtius thinks that such Homeric infinitives as <f>vy4eiv, IdieiVf should be (pvyiev, ISicp, and that the error arose from the Attic transliterators (ol jMTaxdpoLicnjpL^ovTes) supposing that the second E in *TrEEN, etc., was Ionic for EI. Similarly he suspects that ir}P should be ^cv, from EEN. Gree^ Verb ii. iii (p. 348 Eng. tr.). 2 As a fact limiting the possible range of such errors, it should be noted that in the Ionic alphabet E represented et only when the latter was * spurious,* i.e. came from « + c, or e + a compensatory lengthening (as in ENAI for etvat). 'Genuine* ct, from e + t, was written EI (except sometimes before vowels). Hence (e.g.) ieiaaro would have been written EEISATO, not EESATO. So represented ov only when due to + 0, or + compensatory lengthening: not when due to o + V. Cp. Meisterhans, Gramntatik der Attischen Inschriften p. II (1885). * Fick (//iVw, p. XXXIII, 1885) quotes Ritschl as expressing a similar view so long ago as 1834. Ritschl's view, however, — as the quotation shows, — was essentially different. He thought that Homer went over from Greece with the Aeolian emigrants, and composed short Aeolic lays at Smyrna. Then a series of Ionian poets enlarged and lonicised them. But this process was complete before 776 B.C. Digitized by Google 144 ' HOMER. [CH. IV. additions were made to both epics. Fick dwells on the fact that in the undoubtedly old parts of Homer we find Aeolic forms which could not have been metrically replaced by the corresponding Ionic forms, and which were therefore retained by the Ionic translator. Conversely, in the later parts, which were Ionic from the first, we find forms which metrically resist Aeolicising. His theory suggests the following remarks. Estimate 43- (i) The first question which has to be decided is, of it. *What is Aeolic, or Ionic?' In regard to alleged *Aeo- lisms* in Homer, Fick has to prove, not only that they were Aeolic, but also that they were not old Ionic We have no sufficient evidence as to the state of the Greek dialects circ, 900 — 600 B.C. The Aeolic inscriptions are all later than the fifth century B.C. The Ionic evidence, though less scanty, is not less inadequate for this purpose. It was the habit of the ancient grammarians to set down any Homeric archaism as an * Aeolism,' if it happened to exist in Aeolic also, and sometimes even when it did not The digamma itself was long called * Aeolic,' and regarded as peculiarly belonging to that dialect, — an error, as we now know. Hinrichs* has greatly reduced the number of Aeolisms in Homer. Further scrutiny may perhaps reduce it still more*. ^ De Homericae elocutionis vestigiis Aeolicis (Jena, 1875). * In the Philologus (xLiii. i. i— -31) Karl Sittl has examined the residuum of Homeric 'Aeolisms' left by Hinrichs. His results are epitomized by M. W. Humphreys in Amer, Joum, Phil, v. 521. Thus : (i) He eliminates from the 'Aeolisms * those which do not even occur in Aeolic. E.g.^ the * Aeolic * v (for 0) has been unduly extended. It occurred only in the Aeolic w = ot of the locative (also Doric), (a) Fick assumes an Aeolic velKwri as parent of the Homeric ieUotru When f preceded by a consonant began a word, all Greeks sometimes prefixed 6 (as if we had id/eUoin), But, fklKoffi, having lost its initial 5, was no longer entitled to an initial e. The Homeric i/kUotn was a false formation on the analogy of words which had not lost the con- sonant before /. The Aeolians never vocalised initial /. The apparent examples are all aspirated, and not Aeolic. (3) As to long d, the non-Ionic uses of it in Homer are almost confined to proper names Digitized by Google CH. IV.] THE HOMERIC QUESTION. 145 44. (2) Pick's view implies that the Ionic version, made about 530 — 500 B. c, at once and for ever superseded in general favour the original Aeolic Homer, though the latter had been familiar throughout Hellas for generations. This is incomprehensible. And, supposing that this happened, can we further suppose that ancient literature would have preserved no reference to the fact of the transcription which, at a blow, had robbed the Aeolian race of its most glorious inheritance, — one which, for so long a period, all Greeks had publicly recognised as belonging to it? There were flourishing Aeolian states then, and Aeolian writers. To take a rough parallel, suppose that at the present day an Englishman should clothe the poems of Robert Burns in an English dress : would the transcription be likely to super- sede the Scottish original as the standard form of the poems throughout the English-speaking world? Yet this is what Tick supposes the Ionic Cynaethus to have accomplished in the case of the Aeolic Homer.* The unexampled success of Cynaethus becomes still more astounding when we observe how limited his poetical skill is assumed to have been. He left a great many Aeolisms in his Homer. Why ? Because their direct Ionic equivalents would not scan. But the fact is that the Pindaric scholium is an utterly taken from old lays. Many seeming examples can be explained : thus uptffTov (II. 34. 124) should be dfipiaroy (like o/^/coi^re) : Sa\6s (//. 13. 320) should be SafeXos, (4) Pronouns, rot, relvt tvvt}, rcos, o/A/xoy, are admittedly archaisms. This may be true also of the 'Aeolic* dfifieit ilfifies (etc.), if once written o/ifiis (or afifiis), vfifUs (=jv<rfiis), whence, by suppression and compensation ^a^s, u/i^s, and by analogy rj/iies (^/A€?s), vjLc^ey (v/x€is). These are only specimens of Sittl's analysis. ^ Prof. Pick appeals to instances of inscriptions, or other short pieces, presumably composed in a dialect different from that in which they have come down to us. For example, he thinks that the couplet of Simonides on the Peloponnesians slain at Thermopylae (Her. 7. 228) was originally in the Laconian dialect, thus : fivpidffiv voKd TTJde TpiaKaTiais i/JuixovTO \ iK Uekoirovyda'd) xiy^tadey riropes. Between such cases, and the lonicising of Homer by C5maethus, the difference, he says, is only *one of degree' (f/ias p. ix). But surely it is also a difference of kind. 10 Digitized by Google 146 HOMER. [CH. IV. insufficient basis on which to build the hypothesis about Cynaethus. And it would be easy to show that Homer had been known in Ionic from an earlier date. Simonides of Ceos was born 556B.C., and was therefore already of mature age at the time when the supposed * Ionic redaction' was made. The Homer known to his boyhood and youth must then, according to Fick, have been Aeolic But he quotes //. 6. 148 (one of the certainly older parts of the epic), in Ionic, as by *the man of Chios,' meaning Homer ; whom he therefore regarded as an Ionian poet. It will hardly be maintained that by *the man of Chios' he meant his con- temporary C)maethus^ 45. (3) The pre-Homeric epic lays were doubtless Achaean. Those Homeric forms which can be proved to have existed in post-Homeric Aeolic admit of two different explan- ations, which do not, however, necessarily exclude each other. One of them may apply to some instances, and the other to others, (i) These forms, or some of them, may have belonged also to an older Ionic. Those who deny this have to prove the negative, (ii) If originally peculiar to Achaean (or old Aeolic), such forms may have been adopted by old Ionian poetry because they were asso- ciated, through Achaean lays, with epic composition. Pick's theory of the late and wholesale transcription is altogether incredible*. But, whether the original Homeric dialect was Achaean or old Ionic, it may be granted that it had undergone modifying influences at the hands of Ionian poets and rhapsodes, tending to bring it somewhat nearer to the later Ionic, and so increasing that appearance of a 'mixed dialect ' which it now presents. A modernising process, in 1 If the Simonides is he of Amorgos (p. 88 n. 2), we are taken back to 660 R.C. ' Apart from that hypothesis, however,, he has done good service in promoting a closer study of the Homeric dialect. The question as to how far the Aeolic in which he has clothed the epic is, or is not, possible Aeolic, matters little : his version is given mainly for the purpose of illustration* His Aeolic Odyssey has been reviewed by Christ in the PhiloU Anzeiger (xiv. 90 — 98), by Cauer in the Zeitschr, /. d, osierr, Gymnas. (x. 290 — 311), and by Hinrichs in the Deutsch, Litteratur- zeitung (1885 pp. 6—9), who are all opposed to the theory. Digitized by VjOOQ IC CH. IV.] THE HOMERIC QUESTION. 147 this limited sense, was entirely compatible with the pre- servation, in all main features, of its essentially ancient character. 46. The evidence of Homeric language has thus been found to agree with the evidence furnished by the subject- matter of the poems. Their claim to a high antiquity is con- firmed. In connection with their age, there is a further ques- The tale tion which must now be briefly noticed. We saw that, as a ^ ^^^V* general picture of an early civilisation, the Homeric poetry histori- has the value of history. But how much of historical fact ^^^' can be supposed to reside in the story of the Trojan War ? The tale of Troy, as we have it in Homer, is essentially a poetic creation ; and the poet is the sole witness. The Analogy romance of Charlemagne embodies the historical fact j.^^^^^^^ that an Emperor once ruled Western Europe from the Eider to the Ebro. It also departs from history in send- ing Charlemagne on a crusade to Jerusalem, because, when the romance arose, a crusade belonged to the ideal of chivalry. Analogy might suggest that an Achaean prince Limit of had once really held a position like that of Agamemnon ; fgrence. also, that some Achaean expedition to the Troad had occurred, whether this Achaean prince had himself borne part in it or not. Both inferences are probable on other grounds. Some memorable capture of a town in the Troad had probably been made by Greek warriors ; beyond this we cannot safely go. It is fantastic to treat the siege of Troy as merely a solar myth, — to explain the abduction of Helen by Paris as the extinction of the sunlight in the West, and Troy as the region of the dawn beset and possessed by the sunrise. It is equally fantastic, and more illogical, to follow the * rationalising ' method — to deduct the supernatural element, and claim the whole residuum as historical fact. Homer says that Achilles slew Hector with the aid of Athene. We are not entitled to omit Athene, and still to affirm that Achilles slew Hector \ ^ See the article in the Edinburgh Review on Schliemann*s IHos^ No. cccxiv., pp. 517 ff. (1881). Freeman's essay on *The Mythical and 10-^ Digitized by (5oogk 148 HOMER. [CH. IV» 47. After the recent excavations in the Troad, an im- pression appeared to exist in some minds that the Homeric narrative of the Trojan War had been proved historical, because remains had been found which (it was alleged), might be those of Troy. It is well, then, briefly to state the relation between the evidence of the Homeric text and the evidence of those excavations. Site of The Iliad shows a personal acquaintance with the plain Homenc ^f Troy, and with the dominant features of the surrounding landscaped In the site of Troy, as described by Homer, the capital feature is the acropolis, — * lofty', * windy', * beetling*, — ^with those precipitous crags over which it was proposed to hurl the wooden horse". This suits one site Bunir- ^nly in the Trojan plain, — that above the village of bashi. Bunirbashi, on the lower slopes of the hills which fringe the plain to the south. Here the hill called the Bali Dagh rises some 400 feet above the plain, with sheer sides descending on S. and S.W. to the valley of the Mendere (Scamander). A little N.W. of Homeric Troy two natural springs rose. A little N.W. of Bunarbashi these springs still exist, and no others like them exist anywhere else in the plain. As Prof. Ernst Curtius well says, — *This pair Romantic Elements in Early Englbh History' is a lucid and excellent statement of the critical principles applicable to such cases. 1 Cp. *A Tour in the Troad* (Fortnightly Review, April, 1883, p. 514 f.). Perhaps the thing which most surprises a reader of Homer is the absence of high mountains from the neighbourhood of the Trojan plain. Ida (5700 feet) is only a pale blue form on the S.E. |
US-18655802-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Clipping system and method for a single graphics semiconductor platform
ABSTRACT
A graphics pipeline system and associated method are provided with an integrated clipping operation. First included is a transform module positioned on a single semiconductor platform for transforming graphics data from a first space to a second space. Also provided is a lighting module positioned on the same single semiconductor platform as the transform module. The lighting module is adapted for performing lighting operations on the graphics data. A clipping operation is also performed utilizing the single semiconductor platform.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation of an application filed Sep.20, 2001 under Ser. No. 09/960,004; which, in turn, is a continuation ofan application filed Dec. 5, 2000 under Ser. No. 09/730,652 and issuedunder U.S. Pat No. 6,342,888; which, in turn, is a continuation of anapplication filed on Dec. 6, 1999 under Ser. No. 09/454,516 and issuedunder U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,488. The present application is related toapplications filed Sep. 20, 2001 under Ser. Nos. 09/961,228, 09/961,219,and 09/957,746. The present application is further related toapplications entitled “Method, Apparatus and Article of Manufacture forArea Rasterization using Sense Points” which was filed on Dec. 6, 1999under Ser. No. 09/455,305, “Method, Apparatus and Article of Manufacturefor Boustrophedonic Rasterization” which was filed on Dec. 6, 1999 underSer. No. 09/454,505, “Method, Apparatus and Article of Manufacture forClip-less Rasterization using Line Equation-based Traversal” which wasfiled on Dec. 6, 1999 under Ser. No. 09/455,728, “Method, Apparatus andArticle of Manufacture for a Vertex Attribute Buffer in a GraphicsProcessor” which was filed on Dec. 6, 1999 under Ser. No. 09/454,525,“Method, Apparatus and Article of Manufacture for a Transform Module ina Graphics Processor” which was filed on Dec. 6, 1999 under Ser. No.09/456,102, “Method and Apparatus for a Lighting Module in a GraphicsProcessor” which was filed on Dec. 6, 1999 under Ser. No. 09/454,524,and “Method, Apparatus and Article of Manufacture for a Sequencer in aTransform/Lighting Module Capable of Processing Multiple IndependentExecution Threads” which was filed on Dec. 6, 1999 under Ser. No.09/456,104, which were filed concurrently herewith, and which are allincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to graphics processors and, moreparticularly, to graphics pipeline systems including transform, lightingand rasterization modules.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Three dimensional graphics are central to many applications. Forexample, computer aided design (CAD) has spurred growth in manyindustries where computer terminals, cursors, CRT's and graphicsterminals are replacing pencil and paper, and computer disks and tapesare replacing drawing vaults. Most, if not all, of these industries havea great need to manipulate and display three-dimensional objects. Thishas lead to widespread interest and research into methods of modeling,rendering, and displaying three-dimensional objects on a computer screenor other display device. The amount of computations needed torealistically render and display a three-dimensional graphical object,however, remains quite large and true realistic display ofthree-dimensional objects have largely been limited to high end systems.There is, however, an ever-increasing need for inexpensive systems thatcan quickly and realistically render and display three dimensionalobjects.
One industry that has seen a tremendous amount of growth in the last fewyears is the computer game industry. The current generation of computergames is moving to three-dimensional graphics in an ever increasingfashion. At the same time, the speed of play is being driven faster andfaster. This combination has fueled a genuine need for the rapidrendering of three-dimensional graphics in relatively inexpensivesystems. In addition to gaming, this need is also fueled by e-Commerceapplications, which demand increased multimedia capabilities.
Rendering and displaying three-dimensional graphics typically involvesmany calculations and computations. For example, to render a threedimensional object, a set of coordinate points or vertices that definethe object to be rendered must be formed. Vertices can be joined to formpolygons that define the surface of the object to be rendered anddisplayed. Once the vertices that define an object are formed, thevertices must be transformed from an object or model frame of referenceto a world frame of reference and finally to two-dimensional coordinatesthat can be displayed on a flat display device. Along the way, verticesmay be rotated, scaled, eliminated or clipped because they fall outsidethe viewable area, lit by various lighting schemes, colorized, and soforth. Thus the process of rendering and displaying a three-dimensionalobject can be computationally intensive and may involve a large numberof vertices.
A general system that implements such a pipelined system is illustratedin Prior Art FIG. 1. In this system, data source 10 generates a streamof expanded vertices defining primitives. These vertices are passed oneat a time, through pipelined graphic system 12 via vertex memory 13 forstorage purposes. Once the expanded vertices are received from thevertex memory 13 into the pipelined graphic system 12, the vertices aretransformed and lit by a transformation module 14 and a lighting module16, respectively, and further clipped and set-up for rendering by arasterizer 18, thus generating rendered primitives that are displayed ondisplay device 20.
During operation, the transform module 14 may be used to performscaling, rotation, and projection of a set of three dimensional verticesfrom their local or model coordinates to the two dimensional window thatwill be used to display the rendered object. The lighting module 16 setsthe color and appearance of a vertex based on various lighting schemes,light locations, ambient light levels, materials, and so forth. Therasterization module 18 rasterizes or renders vertices that havepreviously been transformed and/or lit. The rasterization module 18renders the object to a rendering target which can be a display deviceor intermediate hardware or software structure that in turn moves therendered data to a display device.
When manufacturing graphics processing systems, there is a general needto increase the speed of the various graphics processing components,while minimizing costs. In general, integration is often employed toincrease the speed of a system. Integration refers to the incorporationof different processing modules on a single integrated circuit. Withsuch processing modules communicating in a microscopic semiconductorenvironment, as opposed to external buses, speed is vastly increased.
Integration if often limited, however, by a cost of implementing andmanufacturing multiple processing modules on a single chip. In the realmof graphics processing, any attempt to integrate the transform,lighting, and rasterization modules for increased speed would be costprohibitive. The reason for this increase in cost is that the requiredintegrated circuit would be of a size that is simply too expensive to befeasible.
This size increase is due mainly to the complexity of the variousengines. High performance transform and lighting engines alone are veryintricate and are thus expensive to implement on-chip, let aloneimplement with any additional functionality. Further, conventionalrasterizers are multifaceted with the tasks of clipping, rendering, etc.making any cost-effective attempt to combine such module with thetransform and lighting modules nearly impossible.
There is therefore a need for a transform, lighting, and rasterizationmodule having a design that allows cost-effective integration.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A graphics pipeline system and associated method are provided with anintegrated clipping operation. First included is a transform modulepositioned on a single semiconductor platform for transforming graphicsdata from a first space to a second space. Also provided is a lightingmodule positioned on the same single semiconductor platform as thetransform module. The lighting module is adapted for performing lightingoperations on the graphics data. A clipping operation is also performedutilizing the single semiconductor platform.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other aspects and advantages are better understoodfrom the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of theinvention with reference to the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art graphics processing system;
FIG. 1A is a flow diagram illustrating the various components of oneembodiment of the present invention implemented on a singlesemiconductor platform;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vertex attribute buffer (VAB) inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2A is a chart illustrating the various commands that may bereceived by VAB in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention;
FIG. 2B is a flow chart illustrating a method of loading and drainingvertex attributes to and from VAB in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention;
FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram illustrating the architecture of thepresent invention employed to implement the operations of FIG. 2B;
FIG. 3 illustrates the mode bits associated with VAB in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates the transform module of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a flow chart illustrating a method of running multipleexecution threads in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention;
FIG. 4B is a flow diagram illustrating a manner in which the method ofFIG. 4A is carried out in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention;
FIG. 5 illustrates the functional units of the transform module of FIG.4 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the multiplication logic unit (MLU) ofthe transform module of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) of thetransform module of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the register file of the transformmodule of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the inverse logic unit (ILU) of thetransform module of FIG. 5;
FIG. 10 is a chart of the output addresses of output converter of thetransform module of FIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 11 is an illustration of the micro-code organization of thetransform module of FIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the sequencer of the transform moduleof FIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a flowchart delineating the various operations associatedwith use of the sequencer of the transform module of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram delineating the operation of the sequencingcomponent of the sequencer of the transform module of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14A is a flow diagram illustrating the components of the presentinvention employed for handling scalar and vector components duringgraphics-processing;
FIG. 14B is a flow diagram illustrating one possible combination 1451 ofthe functional components of the present invention shown in FIG. 14Awhich corresponds to the transform module of FIG. 5;
FIG. 14C is a flow diagram illustrating another possible combination1453 of the functional components of the present invention shown in FIG.14A;
FIG. 14D illustrates a method implemented by the transform module ofFIG. 12 for performing a blending operation during graphics-processingin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the lighting module of one embodimentof the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the functional units of thelighting module of FIG. 15 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the multiplication logic unit (MLU) ofthe lighting module of FIG. 16 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) of thelighting module of FIG. 16 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the register unit of the lightingmodule of FIG. 16 in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the lighting logic unit (LLU) of thelighting module of FIG. 16 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 21 is an illustration of the flag register associated with thelighting module of FIG. 16 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 22 is an illustration of the micro-code fields associated with thelighting module of FIG. 16 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the sequencer associated with thelighting module of FIG. 16 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention;
FIG. 24 is a flowchart delineating the manner in which the sequencers ofthe transform and lighting modules are capable of controlling the inputand output of the associated buffers in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention;
FIG. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows the prior art. FIGS. 1A–32C show a graphics pipeline systemof the present invention.
FIG. 1A is a flow diagram illustrating the various components of oneembodiment of the present invention. As shown, the present invention isdivided into four main modules including a vertex attribute buffer (VAB)50, a transform module 52, a lighting module 54, and a rasterizationmodule 56 with a set-up module 57. In one embodiment, each of theforegoing modules is situated on a single semiconductor platform in amanner that will be described hereinafter in greater detail. In thepresent description, the single semiconductor platform may refer to asole unitary semiconductor-based integrated circuit or chip.
The VAB 50 is included for gathering and maintaining a plurality ofvertex attribute states such as position, normal, colors, texturecoordinates, etc. Completed vertices are processed by the transformmodule 52 and then sent to the lighting module 54. The transform module52 generates vectors for the lighting module 54 to light. The output ofthe lighting module 54 is screen space data suitable for the set-upmodule which, in turn, sets up primitives. Thereafter, rasterizationmodule 56 carries out rasterization of the primitives. It should benoted that the transform and lighting modules 52 and 54 might only stallon the command level such that a command is always finished oncestarted.
In one embodiment, the present invention includes a hardwareimplementation that at least partially employs Open Graphics Library(OpenGL®) and D3D™ transform and lighting pipelines. OpenGL® is thecomputer industry's standard application program interface (API) fordefining 2-D and 3-D graphic images. With OpenGL®, an application cancreate the same effects in any operating system using anyOpenGL®-adhering graphics adapter. OpenGL® specifies a set of commandsor immediately executed functions. Each command directs a drawing actionor causes special effects.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of VAB 50 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. As shown, VAB 50 passes commandbits 200 while storing data bits 204 representative of attributes of avertex and mode bits 202. In use VAB 50 receives the data bits 204 ofvertices and drains the same.
The VAB 50 is adapted for receiving and storing a plurality of possiblevertex attribute states via the data bits 204. In use after, such databits 204, or vertex data, is received and stored in VAB 50, the vertexdata is outputted from VAB 50 to a graphics-processing module, namelythe transform module 52. Further, the command bits 200 are passed by VAB50 for determining a manner in which the vertex data is inputted to VAB50 in addition to other processing which will be described in greaterdetail with reference to FIG. 2A. Such command bits 200 are receivedfrom a command bit source such as a microcontroller, CPU, data source orany other type of source which is capable of generating command bits200.
Further, mode bits 202 are passed which are indicative of the status ofa plurality of modes of process operations. As such, mode bits 202 areadapted for determining a manner in which the vertex data is processedin the subsequent graphics-processing modules. Such mode bits 202 arereceived from a command bit source such as a microcontroller, CPU, datasource or any other type of source which is capable of generating modebits 202.
It should be noted that the various functions associated with VAB 50 maybe governed by way of dedicated hardware, software or any other type oflogic. In various embodiments, 64, 128, 256 or any other number of modebits 202 may be employed.
The VAB 50 also functions as a gathering point for the 64 bit data thatneeds to be converted into a 128-bit format. The VAB 50 input is 64bits/cycle and the output is 128 bits/cycle. In other embodiments, VAB50 may function as a gathering point for 128-bit data, and VAB 50 inputmay be 128 bits/cycle or any other combination. The VAB 50 further hasreserved slots for a plurality of vertex attributes that are all IEEE 32bit floats. The number of such slots may vary per the desires of theuser. Table 1 illustrates exemplary vertex attributes employed by thepresent invention.
TABLE 1 Position: x,y,z,w Diffuse Color: r,g,b,a Specular Color: r,g,bFog: f Texture0: s,t,r,q Texture1: s,t,r,q Normal: nx,ny,nz Skin Weight:w
During operation, VAB 50 may operate assuming that the x,y data pair iswritten before the z,w data pair since this allows for defaulting thez,w pair to (0.0,1.0) at the time of the x,y write. This may beimportant for default components in OpenGL® and D3D™. It should be notedthat the position, texture0, and texture1 slots default the third andfourth components to (0.0,1.0). Further, the diffuse color slot defaultsthe fourth component to (1.0) and the texture slots default the secondcomponent to (0.0).
The VAB 50 includes still another slot 205 used for assembling the databits 204 that may be passed into or through the transform and lightingmodule 52 and 54, respectively, without disturbing the data bits 204.The data bits 204 in the slot 205 can be in a floating point or integerformat. As mentioned earlier, the data bits 204 of each vertex has anassociated set of mode bits 202 representative of the modes affectingthe processing of the data bits 204. These mode bits 202 are passed withthe data bits 204 through the transform and lighting modules 52 and 54,respectively, for purposes that will be set forth hereinafter in greaterdetail.
In one embodiment, there may be 18 valid VAB, transform, and lightingcommands received by VAB 50. FIG. 2A is a chart illustrating the variouscommands that may be received by VAB 50 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that allload and read context commands, and the passthrough command shown in thechart of FIG. 2A transfer one data word of up to 128 bits or any othersize.
Each command of FIG. 2A may contain control information dictatingwhether each set of data bits 204 is to be written into a high doubleword or low double word of one VAB address. In addition, a 2-bit writemask may be employed for providing control to the word level. Further,there may be a launch bit that informs VAB controller that all of thedata bits 204 are present for a current command to be executed.
Each command has an associated stall field that allows a look-up to findinformation on whether the command is a read command in that it readscontext memory or is a write command in that it writes context memory.By using the stall field of currently executing commands, the newcommand may be either held off in case of conflict or allowed toproceed.
In operation, VAB 50 can accept one input data word up to 128 bits (orany other size) per cycle and output one data word up to 128 bits (orany other size) per cycle. For the load commands, this means that it maytake two cycles to load the data into VAB 50 to create a 128-bitquad-word and one cycle to drain it. For the scalar memories in thelighting module 54, it is not necessary to accumulate a full quad-word,and these can be loaded in one cycle/address. For one vertex, it cantake up to 14 cycles to load the 7 VAB slots while it only takes 7cycles to drain them. It should be noted, however, that it is onlynecessary to update the vertex state that changes between executingvertex commands. This means that, in one case, the vertex position maybe updated taking 2 cycles, while the draining of the vertex data takes7 cycles. It should be noted that only 1 cycle may be required in thecase of the x,y position.
FIG. 2B is a flow chart illustrating one method of loading and drainingvertex attributes to and from VAB 50 during graphics-processing.Initially, in operation 210, at least one set of vertex attributes isreceived in VAB 50 for being processed. As mentioned earlier, each setof vertex attributes may be unique, and correspond to a single vertex.
In use the vertex attributes are stored in VAB 50 upon the receiptthereof in operation 212. Further, each set of stored vertex attributesis transferred to a corresponding one of a plurality of input buffers ofthe transform module 52. The received set of vertex attributes is alsomonitored in order to determine whether a received vertex attribute hasa corresponding vertex attribute of a different set currently stored inVAB 50, as indicated in operation 216.
Upon it being determined that a stored vertex attribute corresponds tothe received vertex attribute in decision 217, the stored vertexattribute is outputted to the corresponding input buffer of thetransform module 52 out of order. See operation 218. Immediately uponthe stored vertex attribute being outputted, the corresponding incomingvertex attribute may take its place in VAB 50. If no correspondence isfound, however, each set of the stored vertex attributes may betransferred to the corresponding input buffer of the transform module 52in accordance with a regular predetermined sequence. Note operation 219.
It should be noted that the stored vertex attribute might not betransferred in the aforementioned manner if it has an associated launchcommand. Further, in order for the foregoing method to work properly,the bandwidth of an output of VAB 50 must be at least the bandwidth ofan input of VAB 50.
FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram illustrating the architecture of thepresent invention employed to implement the operations of FIG. 2B. Asshown, VAB 50 has a write data terminal WD, a read data terminal RD, awrite address terminal WA, and a read address RA terminal. The read dataterminal is coupled to a first clock-controlled buffer 230 foroutputting the data bits 204 from VAB 50.
Also included is a first multiplexer 232 having an output coupled to theread address terminal of VAB 50 and a second clock-controlled buffer234. A first input of the first multiplexer 232 is coupled to the writeaddress terminal of VAB 50 while a second input of the first multiplexer232 is coupled to an output of a second multiplexer 236. A logic module238 is coupled between the first and second multiplexers 232 and 236,the write address terminal of VAB 50, and an output of the secondclock-controlled buffer 234.
In use the logic module 238 serves to determine whether an incomingvertex attribute is pending to drain in VAB 50. In one embodiment, thisdetermination may be facilitated by monitoring a bit register thatindicates whether a vertex attribute is pending or not. If it isdetermined that the incoming vertex attribute does have a matchcurrently in VAB 50, the logic module 238 controls the first multiplexer232 in order to drain the matching vertex attribute so that the incomingvertex attribute may be immediately stored in its place. On the otherhand, if it is determined that the incoming vertex attribute does nothave a match currently in VAB 50, the logic module 238 controls thefirst multiplexer 232 such that VAB 50 is drained and the incomingvertex attribute is loaded sequentially or in some other predeterminedorder, per the input of the second multiplexer 236 which may be updatedby the logic module 238.
As a result, there is no requirement for VAB 50 to drain multiple vertexattributes before a new incoming vertex attribute may be loaded. Thepending vertex attribute forces out the corresponding VAB counterpart ifpossible, thus allowing it to proceed. As a result, VAB 50 can drain inan arbitrary order. Without this capability, it would take 7 cycles todrain VAB 50 and possibly 14 more cycles to load it. By overlapping theloading and draining, higher performance is achieved. It should be notedthat this is only possible if an input buffer is empty and VAB 50 candrain into input buffers of the transform module 52.
FIG. 3 illustrates the mode bits associated with VAB 50 in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention. The transform/light modeinformation is stored in a register via mode bits 202. Mode bits 202 areused to drive the sequencers of the transform module 52 and lightingmodule 54 in a manner that will be become apparent hereinafter. Eachvertex has associated mode bits 202 that may be unique, and cantherefore execute a specifically tailored program sequence. While, modebits 202 may generally map directly to the graphics API, some of themmay be derived.
In one embodiment, the active light bits (LIS) of FIG. 3 may becontiguous. Further, the pass-through bit (VPAS) is unique in that whenit is turned on, the vertex data is passed through with scale and bias,and no transforms or lighting is done. Possible mode bits 202 used whenVPAS is true are the texture divide bits (TDV0,1), and foggen bits (usedto extract fog value in D3D™). VPAS is thus used for pre-transformeddata, and TDV0,1 are used to deal with a cylindrical wrap mode in thecontext of D3D™.
FIG. 4 illustrates the transform module of one embodiment of the presentinvention. As shown, the transform module 52 is connected to VAB 50 byway of 6 input buffers 400. In one embodiment, each input buffer 400might be 7*128 b in size. The 6 input buffers 400 each is capable ofstoring 7 quad words. Such input buffers 400 follow the same layout asVAB 50, except that the pass data is overlapped with the position data.
In one embodiment, a bit might be designated for each attribute of eachinput buffer 400 to indicate whether data has changed since the previousinstance that the input buffer 400 was loaded. By this design, eachinput buffer 400 might be loaded only with changed data.
The transform module 52 is further connected to 6 output vertex buffers402 in the lighting module 54. The output buffers include a first buffer404, a second buffer 406, and a third buffer 408. As will becomeapparent hereinafter, the contents, i.e. position, texture coordinatedata, etc., of the third buffer 408 are not used in the lighting module54. The first buffer 404 and second buffer 406 are both, however, usedfor inputting lighting and color data to the lighting module 54. Twobuffers are employed since the lighting module is adapted to handle tworead inputs. It should be noted that the data might be arranged so as toavoid any problems with read conflicts, etc.
Further coupled to the transform module 52 is context memory 410 andmicro-code ROM memory 412. The transform module 52 serves to convertobject space vertex data into screen space, and to generate any vectorsrequired by the lighting module 54. The transform module 52 also doesprocesses skinning and texture coordinates. In one embodiment, thetransform module 52 might be a 128-bit design processing 4 floats inparallel, and might be optimized for doing 4 term dot products.
FIG. 4A is a flow chart illustrating a method of executing multiplethreads in the transform module 52 in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention. In operation, the transform module 52 is capableof processing 3 vertices in parallel via interleaving. To this end, 3commands can be simultaneously executed in parallel unless there arestall conditions between the commands such as writing and subsequentlyreading from the context memory 410. The 3 execution threads areindependent of each other and can be any command since all verticescontain unique corresponding mode bits 202.
As shown in FIG. 4A, the method of executing multiple threads includesdetermining a current thread to be executed in operation 420. Thisdetermination might be made by identifying a number of cycles that agraphics-processing module requires for completion of an operation, andtracking the cycles. By tracking the cycles, each thread can be assignedto a cycle, thus allowing determination of the current thread based onthe current cycle. It should be noted, however, that such determinationmight be made in any desired manner that is deemed effective.
Next, in operation 422, an instruction associated with a thread to beexecuted during a current cycle is retrieved using a correspondingprogram counter number. Thereafter, the instruction is executed on thegraphics-processing module in operation 424.
In one example of use, the instant method includes first accessing afirst instruction, or code segment, per a first program counter. Asmentioned earlier, such program counter is associated with a firstexecution thread. Next, the first code segment is executed in thegraphics-processing module. As will soon become apparent, suchgraphics-processing module might take the form of an adder, amultiplier, or any other functional unit or combination thereof.
Since the graphics-processing module requires more than one clock cycleto complete the execution, a second code segment might be accessed per asecond program counter immediately one clock cycle after the executionof the first code segment. The second program counter is associated witha second execution thread, wherein each of the execution threads processa unique vertex.
To this end, the second code segment might begin execution in thegraphics-processing module prior to the completion of the execution ofthe first code segment in the graphics-processing module. In use thegraphics-processing module requires a predetermined number of cycles forevery thread to generate an output. Thus, the various steps of thepresent example might be repeated for every predetermined number ofcycles.
This technique offers numerous advantages over the prior art. Of course,the functional units of the present invention are used more efficiently.Further, the governing code might be written more efficiently when themultiple threading scheme is assumed to be used.
For example, in the case where the graphics-processing module includes amultiplier that requires three clock cycles to output an answer, itwould be necessary to include two no operation commands betweensubsequent operations such as a=b*c and d=e*a, since “a” would not beavailable until after the three clock cycles. In the present embodiment,however, the code might simply call d=e*a immediately subsequent a=b*c,because it can be assumed that such code will be executed as one ofthree execution threads that are called once every three clock cycles.
FIG. 4B is a flow diagram illustrating a manner in which the method ofFIG. 4A is carried out. As shown, each execution thread has anassociated program counter 450 that is used to access instructions, orcode segments, in instruction memory 452. Such instructions might thenbe used to operate a graphics-processing module such as an adder 456, amultiplier 454, and/or an inverse logic unit or register 459.
In order to accommodate a situation where at least two of the foregoingprocessing modules are used in tandem, at least one code segment delay457 is employed between the graphics-processing modules. In the casewhere a three-thread framework is employed, a three-clock cycle codesegment delay 457 is used. In one embodiment, the code segment delay 457is used when a multiplication instruction is followed by an additioninstruction. In such case, the addition instruction is not executeduntil three clock cycles after the execution of the multiplicationinstruction in order to ensure that time has elapsed which is sufficientfor the multiplier 456 to generate an output.
After the execution of each instruction, the program counter 450 of thecurrent execution thread is updated and the program counter of the nextexecution thread is called by module 458 in a round robin sequence toaccess an associated instruction. It should be noted that the programcounters might be used in any fashion including, but not limited toincrementing, jumping, calling and returning, performing a table jump,and/or dispatching. Dispatching refers to determining a starting pointof code segment execution based on a received parameter. Further, itimportant to understand that the principles associated with the presentmultiple thread execution framework might also be applied to thelighting module 54 of the graphics-processing pipeline of the presentinvention.
In the case where a three-thread framework is employed, each thread isallocated one input buffer and one output buffer at any one time. Thisallows loading of three more commands with data while processing threecommands. The input buffers and output buffers are assigned in a roundrobin sequence in a manner that will be discussed later with referenceto FIGS. 27 and 28.
The execution threads are thus temporally and functionally interleaved.This means that each function unit is pipelined into three stages andeach thread occupies one stage at any one time. In one embodiment, thethree-threads might be set to always execute in the same sequence, i.e.zero then one then three. Conceptually, the threads enter a functionunit at t=clock modulo three. Once a function unit starts work, it takesthree cycles to deliver the result (except the ILU that takes six), atwhich time the same thread is again active.
FIG. 5 illustrates the functional units of the transform module 52 ofFIG. 4 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, included are input buffers 400 that are adapted for being coupledto VAB 50 for receiving vertex data therefrom.
A memory logic unit (MLU) 500 has a first input coupled to an output ofinput buffers 400. As an option, the output of MLU 500 might have afeedback loop 502 coupled to the first input thereof.
Also provided is an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) 504 having a first inputcoupled to an output of MLU 500. The output of ALU 504 further has afeedback loop 506 connected to the second input thereof. Such feedbackloop 502 may further have a delay 508 coupled thereto. Coupled to anoutput of ALU 504 is an input of a register unit 510. It should be notedthat the output of register unit 510 is coupled to the first and secondinputs of MLU 500.
An inverse logic unit (ILU) 512 is provided including an input coupledto the output of ALU 504 for performing an inverse or an inverse squareroot operation. In an alternate embodiment, ILU 512 might include aninput coupled to the output of register unit 510.
Further included is a conversion, or smearing, module 514 coupledbetween an output of ILU 512 and a second input of MLU 500. In use theconversion module 514 serves to convert scalar vertex data to vectorvertex data. This is accomplished by multiplying the scalar data by avector so that the vector operators such as the multiplier and/or addermay process it. For example, a scalar A, after conversion, may become avector (A,A,A,A). In an alternate embodiment, the smearing module 514might be incorporated into the multiplexers associated with MLU 500, orany other component of the present invention. As an option, a register516 might be coupled between the output of ILU 512 and an input of theconversion unit 514. Further, such register 516 might be threaded.
Memory 410 is coupled to the second input of MLU 500 and the output ofALU 504. In particular, memory 410 has a read terminal coupled to thesecond input of MLU 500. Further, memory 410 has a write terminalcoupled to the output of ALU 504.
The memory 410 has stored therein a plurality of constants and variablesfor being used in conjunction with the input buffer 400, MLU 500, ALU504, register unit 510, ILU 512, and the conversion module 514 forprocessing the vertex data. Such processing might include transformingobject space vertex data into screen space vertex data, generatingvectors, etc.
Finally, an output converter 518 is coupled to the output of ALU 504.The output converter 518 serves for being coupled to a lighting module54 via output buffers 402 to output the processed vertex data thereto.All data paths except for the ILU might be designed to be 128 bits wideor other data path widths may be used.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of MLU 500 of the transform module 52 ofFIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, MLU 500 of the transform module 52 includes four multipliers 600that are coupled in parallel.
MLU 500 of transform module 52 is capable of multiplying two fourcomponent vectors in three different ways, or pass one four componentvector. MLU 500 is capable of performing multiple operations. Table 2illustrates such operations associated with MLU 500 of transform module52.
TABLE 2 CMLU_MULTo[0]=a[0]*b[0],o[1]=a[1]*b[l],o[2]=a[2]*b[2],o[3]=a[3]*b[3] CMLU_MULAo[0]=a[0]*b[0],o[1]=a[1]*b[1],o[2]=a[2]*b[2],o[3]=a[3] CMLU_MULBo[0]=a[0]*b[0],o[1]=a[1]*b[1],o[2]=a[2]*b[2],o[3]=b[3] CMLU_PASAo[0]=a[0],o[1]=a[1],o[2]=a[2],o[3]=a[3] CMLU_PASBo[0]=b[0],o[1]=b[1],o[2]=b[2],o[3]=b[3]
Possible A and B inputs are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 MA_M MLU MA_V Input Buffer MA_R RLU (shared with MB_R) MB_I ILUMB_C Context Memory MB_R RLU (shared with MA_R)
Table 4 illustrates a vector rotate option capable of being used forcross products.
TABLE 4 MR_NONE No change MR_ALBR Rotate A[XYZ] vector left, B[XYZ]vector right MR_ARBL Rotate A[XYZ] vector right, B[XYZ] vector left
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of ALU 504 of transform module 52 of FIG.5 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown,ALU 504 of transform module 52 includes three adders 700 coupled inparallel/series. In use ALU 504 of transform module 52 can add two threecomponent vectors, pass one four component vector, or smear a vectorcomponent across the output. Table 5 illustrates various operations ofwhich ALU 504 of transform module 52 is capable.
TABLE 5 CALU_ADDA o[0]=a[0]+b[0],o[1]=a[1]+b[1],o[2]=a[2]+b[2],o[3]=a[3]CALU_ADDB o[0]=a[0]+b[0],o[1]=a[1]+b[1],o[2]=a[2]+b[2],o[3]=b[3]CALU_SUM3B o[123]=b[0] + b[1] + b[2] CALU_SUM4B o[123]=b[0] + b[1] +b[2] + b[3] CALU_SMRB0 o[123]=b[0] CALU_SMRB1 o[123]=b[1] CALU_SMRB2o[123]=b[2] CALU_SMRB3 o[123]=b[3] CALU_PASAo[0]=a[0],o[1]=a[1],o[2]=a[2],o[3]=a[3] CALU_PASBo[0]=b[0],o[1]=b[1],o[2]=b[2],o[3]=b[3]
Table 6 illustrates the A and B inputs of ALU 504 of transform module52.
TABLE 6 AA_A ALU (one instruction delay) AA_C Context Memory AB_M MLU
It is also possible to modify the sign bits of the A and B input byeffecting no change, negation of B, negation of A, absolute value A,B.It should be noted that when ALU 504 outputs scalar vertex data, thisscalar vertex data is smeared across the output in the sense that eachoutput represents the scalar vertex data. The pass control signals ofMLU 500 and ALU 504 are each capable of disabling all special valuehandling during operation.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the vector register file 510 oftransform module 52 of FIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. As shown, the vector register file 510 includes foursets of registers 800 each having an output connected to a first inputof a corresponding multiplexer 802 and an input coupled to a secondinput of the corresponding multiplexer 802.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the vector register file 510is threaded. That is, there are three copies of the vector register file510 and each thread has its own copy. In one embodiment, each copycontains eight registers, each of which might be 128 bits in size andstore four floats. The vector register file 510 is written from ALU 504and the output is fed back to MLU 500. The vector register file 510 hasone write and one read per cycle.
In operation, it is also possible to individually mask a write operationto each register component. The vector register file 510 exhibits zerolatency when the write address is the same as the read address due to abypass path 511 from the input to the output. In this case, unmaskedcomponents would be taken from the registers and masked components wouldbe bypassed. The vector register file 510 is thus very useful forbuilding up vectors component by component, or for changing the order ofvector components in conjunction with the ALU SMR operations (See Table5). Temporary results might be also stored in the vector register file510.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of ILU 512 of transform module 52 of FIG.5 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown,ILU 512 of transform module 52 is capable of generating a floating-pointreciprocal (1/D) and a reciprocal square root (1/D^(½)). To carry outsuch operations, either one of two iterative processes might be executedon a mantissa. Such processes might be executed with any desireddedicated hardware, and are shown below:
Reciprocal (1/D) Reciprocal Square-root (1/D(1/2)) x_(n) + 1 = x_(n)(2 −x_(n)*D) x_(n+1) = (½)*x_(n)(3 − x_(n) ²*D) 1) table look up for x_(n)(seed) table look up for x_(n) (seed) x_(n) x_(n) * x_(n) 2) 1^(st)iteration: multiply-add 1^(st) iteration: multiply-add 2 − x_(n)*D 3 −X_(n) ²*D 3) 1^(st) iteration: multiply 1^(st) iteration: multiplyx_(n)(2 − x_(n)*D) (½)*x_(n)(3 − x_(n) ²*D) 4) 2^(nd) iteration: no-op2^(nd) iteration: square pass x_(n) + 1 x_(n+1) ² 5) 2^(nd) iterationmultiply-add 2^(nd) iteration: multiply-add 2 − x_(n+1)*D 3 − x_(n+1)²*D 6) 2^(nd) iteration: multiply 2^(nd) iteration: multiply x_(n+1) (2− x_(n+1)*D) (½)*x_(n+1)(3 − x_(n+1) ²*D)
As shown, the two processes are similar, affording a straightforwarddesign. It should be noted that the iterations might be repeated until athreshold precision is met.
In operation, ILU 512 performs two basic operations including an inverseoperation and inverse square root operation. Unlike the other units, itrequires six cycles to generate the output. The input is a scalar, andso is the output. As set forth earlier, the threaded holding register516 at ILU 512 output is relied upon to latch the result until the nexttime a valid result is generated. Further, the scalar output is smearedinto a vector before being fed into MLU 500. The inverse unit 512 useslook-up tables and a two pass Newton-Raphson iteration to generate IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) outputs accurate towithin about 22 mantissa bits. Table 7 illustrates the variousoperations that might be performed by ILU 512 of transform module 52.
TABLE 7 CILU_INV o = 1.0/a CILU_ISQ o = 1.0/sqrt(a) CILU_CINV o = 1.0/a(with range clamp) CILU_NOP no output
The foregoing range clamp inversion operation of Table 7 might be usedto allow clipping operations to be handled by rasterization module 56.Coordinates are transformed directly into screen space that can resultin problems when the homogeneous clip space w is near 0.0. To avoidmultiplying by 1.0/0.0 in the perspective divide, the 1/w calculation isclamped to a minimum and a maximum exponent.
In use the context memory 410 as shown in FIG. 5 reads and writes onlyusing quad-words. The memory can be read by MLU 500 or ALU 504 eachcycle, and can be written by ALU 504. Only one memory read is allowedper cycle. If a read is necessary, it is done at the start of aninstruction and then pipelined down to ALU 504 three cycles later.Context memory 410 need not necessarily be threaded.
FIG. 10 is a chart of the output addresses of output converter 518 oftransform module 52 of FIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of thepresent invention. The output converter 518 is responsible for directingthe outputs to proper destinations, changing the bit precision of data,and some data swizzling to increase performance. All data destined forlighting module 54 is rounded to a 22 bit floating point formatorganized as S1E8M13 (one sign, eight exponent, 13 mantissa bits). Thedestination buffers 402 as shown in FIG. 4 in lighting module 54 arethreaded.
Data swizzling is useful when generating vectors. Such technique allowsthe generation of a distance vector (1,d,d*d) without penalty whenproducing a vector. The distance vector is used for fog, point parameterand light attenuation. This is done with an eye vector and lightdirection vectors. Table 8 illustrates the various operations associatedwith such vectors. It should be noted that, in the following table,squaring the vector refers to d²=dot[(x,y,z), (x,y,z)], and storing d²in the w component of (x,y,z).
TABLE 8 1. Square the vector (x,y,z,d*d) (output d*d to VBUF, 1.0 toVBUF) 2. Generate inverse sqrt of d*d (1/d) 3. Normalize vector (x/d,y/d,z/d,d) (output x/d,y/d,z/d to WBUF, d to VBUF)
It should be noted that the math carried out in the present inventionmight not always be IEEE compliant. For example, it might be assumedthat “0” multiplied by any number renders “0.” This is particularlybeneficial when dealing with the equations such as d=d²*1/(d²)^(1/2),where d=0. Without making the foregoing assumption, such equation wouldafford an error, thus causing problems in making related computations.
FIG. 11 is an illustration of the micro-code organization of transformmodule 52 of FIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention. The transform module micro-code might be arranged into 15fields making up a total width of 44 bits. Fields might be delayed tomatch the data flow of the units. MLU 500 operations are executed at adelay of zero, ALU operations are executed at a delay of one, and RLU,output operations are executed at a delay of two. Each delay isequivalent to three cycles.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of sequencer 1200 of transform module 52of FIG. 5 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Asshown in FIG. 12, sequencer 1200 of transform module 52 includes abuffer 1202 adapted for receiving the mode bits from VAB 50 that areindicative of the status of a plurality of modes of process operations.
Also included is memory 412 capable of storing code segments that eachare adapted to carry out the process operations in accordance with thestatus of the modes. A sequencing module 1206 is coupled between memory412 and a control vector module 1205 which is in turn coupled to buffer1202 for identifying a plurality of addresses in memory 412 based on acontrol vector derived from mode bits 202. The sequencing module 1206 isfurther adapted for accessing the addresses in memory 412 for retrievingthe code segments that might be used to operate transform module 52 totransfer data to an output buffer 1207.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart delineating the various operations associatedwith use of sequencer 1200 of transform module 52 of FIG. 12. As shown,sequencer 1200 is adapted for sequencing graphics-processing in atransform or lighting operation. In operation 1320, mode bits 202 arefirst received which are indicative of the status of a plurality ofmodes of process operations. In one embodiment, mode bits 202 might bereceived from a software driver.
Then, in operation 1322, pluralities of addresses are then identified inmemory based on mode bits 202. Such addresses are then accessed in thememory in operation 1324 for retrieving code segments that each areadapted to carry out the process operations in accordance with thestatus of the modes. The code segments are subsequently executed with atransform or lighting module for processing vertex data. Note operation1326.
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram delineating the operation of the sequencingmodule 1206 of sequencer 1200 of transform module 52 of FIG. 12. Asshown, a plurality of mode registers 1430 each include a unique set ofmode bits 202 which in turn correspond to a single vertex. It should benoted that mode registers 1430 are polled in a round robin sequence inorder to allow the execution of multiple execution threads in the mannerset forth earlier during reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B.
Once the current execution thread is selected, a corresponding group ofmode bits 202 are decoded in operation 1432. Upon mode bits 202 beingdecoded in operation 1432, a control vector is afforded which includes aplurality of bits each of which indicate whether a particular codesegment is to be accessed in ROM 1404 for processing the correspondingvertex data.
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sn88077573_1910-02-11_1_8_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | PAGE EIGHT THE MARION DAILY, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1910; Big Day Tomorrow AT KLEINMAN'S Final Big Sacrifice on all Winter Overcoats Close to SIZER FLINT WINDOW Top quality shoes $1.50 WOMAN'S SHOES $4.00 Suede Shoes $3.25 Women's Special Women's Special $5.00 Men's Neckwear $1.50 Shirts $0.79 "Manhattan" $1.50 Fancy Shirts $1.15 SIMM! Shirts $1.50 Shirt Shop $1.50 Tomorrow Only SMITH STOPS A NICE ONE Prevents Bill From Going on the Calendar. DISCOVERED THE SLEEPER Measure Aimed at Time Law. Valentine Looking Soienteen Anp Hill as Introduced and Nipped In the End by Marion's Representative. Who is Who? It has caused more laughs and dried more tears, wiped away more drowsiness and driven away more fears than any other medicine. It's Holister's Rocky Mountain Tea, thirty years without an equal, that's PINE. Clins. Schmidt & Co. At Hentty & Long's, all new fresh rubbers are sold at last year's low prices. Get a pair. Clearance Sale Tomorrow Odd Lots of Corsets At Half Price $2 lace front corsets nearly all sizes tomorrow only $1.00 $1.50 Gresco, J. C. C., and W. B. corsets, odd sizes 75c $1 W. B.i Cresco and J. C. C. corsets tomorrow only 50c. We sell the May Manton Patterns, all 10c each. The Denmarkheimer Co. Out of the high rent district. SATURDAY THE LAST DAY OF THE MUSLIN UNDERWEAR SALE Your last chance to purchase the most desirable patterns in Muslin Underwear in the city, at the most reasonable prices. Do not allow this chance to pass. Ladies' Suits and Coats to close out are marked at 1-2 and Less the regular price. The J. P. Ludwick Co. Wolford & McNeul Block, Marion, Ohio. (Special to the Mirror) Columbus, O., Feb. 11 Discovery that an innocent-looking seventeen-line bill introduced by Representative Elson of Tuscarawas "by request" in reality would not only permit mergers of the two big telephone interests in Ohio but would chloroform the Valentine anti-trust law, so far as the provisions prohibit such combined, probably has defeated the bill. Representative Calvey of Cleveland, a member of the committee on railroads and telegraphs, in whose hands the bill is reposing, said today that he felt sure the bill would be killed in committee. He was the only member of the committee that remained in Columbus after an unadvertised meeting last night at which the discovery of the "Joker" was made. That he thought a majority of the committee men refused to report it back to the house. The discovery also will mean that another bill along the same lines by Representative Billingsley will be subject to close scrutiny. "The bill," said Calvey, "would mean that mergers now forbidden, would be permissible and would affect cases now pending in the courts under the Valentine anti-trust law." A hearing on it has been set for Tuesday night. The bill has the general appearance of one of those innocent-looking little measures once in a while slip through a legislature unsuspected and whose effects do not develop until the damage is done. Apparently it is to provide for exchange of service in the interest of accommodating the public. But it provides that when lines and equipment have been connected, that they shall be owned, operated, and maintained "as agreed upon by the directors of the respective companies." It then authorizes the consolidation of the companies and wipes out "all conflicting laws." This is believed fully to sanction the acquiring of the independent telephone interests of this state by the Morgan-Bell interests. The bill might have been on the Lenlander now, but for W. T. Smith of Marion, who has been paying increased rates since the Central Union and the Marion Telephone company got together. He insisted that the innocent bill the committee had been so hurriedly called to consider was a repeal of the Valentino law and challenged the author, Elson, to deny it. Elson said he did not know. Blngslea attended the meeting. His bill obliges competing telephone companies to "connect up" in time. Whether the courts can construct the term "connect" into "merger" is a question. Opponents say they could. The purpose of the called meeting was to report Elson's bill for passage but Smith blocked the game. Malinger Alusworth, or the independent telephone interests, Dayton, obtained permission to be heard Tuesday. Flowers for Valentines All appreciate them, no matter if it be mother. Father, sister, brother, or friend, a smile of satisfaction will greet their delivery. Wakes have the stock, 12 W. Center street. Telephone 409. 2-9-3teod Which W. C. Schandler and Frank Dennett have struggled for honors. In eight games played last evening, Selandera moved up the winner in six of the eight games, there being one game and Bennett winning in one game. Ten games between Clifton Lower and J. C. Salisbury resulted in the latter winning the contest with eight games in his favor. Lower won two games. In three games between James Messenger and Karl Thurman, Messenger won two games. Salisbury proved themselves the champion player. They will play in the games at the Y. M. C. A. this evening with out of town players. Following the games last evening, a luncheon was served and a smoker was enjoyed. THE LOWEST PRICES EVER MADE ON WINTER COATS, Fifty-four Winter Coats for Women. Colors are Herds, Tans, Greens and Mixtures. They are garments that sold from ten to twenty dollars, not the latest style, but good serviceable shapes that come almost to the bottom of the dress. Buy them for common wear, buy them for school girls. The Warner & Edwards Co. Missionary Workers Meet Mrs. Frank Thow Is Hostess to the O. W. L. M. Members The Christian Woman's Board of Missions, of the First Christian church, held their regular monthly meeting with Mrs. Frank Thow, Thursday afternoon. A large number of members were present. Arnold's roll call, which was followed by opening prayer by the president, Mrs. Frank Thow. The business of the society was taken up and plans were completed for the week of prayer to proceed the taking of the faster offering, the proceeds of which will be to the Helen 12. Moses Memorial fund. An interesting and instructive program was presented by Mrs. William Tons, Mrs. Clara Lilly, Mrs. Mary Wasson. Mrs. Ella Kessler, Miss Mary Decker, Mrs. Frank Thew, and Mrs. J. A. Wideman. A twentieth century lunch-eon served by the hostesses, Mrs. Thew and Miss Mary Decker, was a feature of the closing hour. Guests were Mrs. George Nealy, Mrs. Christian Fies, and Mrs. M. E. Millsor. The next meeting will be held with Mrs. William Teas, of George Street. The Warner & Edwards Co. THE SALE OF MUSLIN UNDERWEAR STARTS TOMORROW MORNING, 10c, 15c, 25c, 49c, 79c, 98c. We cannot send Muslin Underwear on approval, come to the store after it. The Warner & Edwards Co. NOT A MOURNER AT HIS FUNERAL Not even a minister attended the funeral of Lyman Bolton, the unmourned and unwept, without even the presence of a minister to say the words of the committal "dust to dust, ashes to ashes," the body of Lyman Bolton, the author of the Tuesday's tragedy at Subury, was quietly committed to the earth in the family lot at Galena cemetery at three o'clock Thursday afternoon. The body was buried at the expense of the township, and was placed in the cheapest burial case which the trust. Tees could obtain, the undertaker and his assistant being the only persons at the grave, save a few curious spectators. A brother, Sherman Bolton, viewed the body Wednesday, but made no move to claim it. Only a watch and small sum of money were found on the body at the time of the coroner's examination Delaware Gazette. IX) CURE A COLD IN ONE DAY Take LAXATIVE BROMO Quinine Tablets. Druggists refund money if it fails to cure. E. W. GROVE'S Signature on each box. 25c. POULTRY FANCIERS HOLD A MEETING Officers for the Association are Elected. Next Poultry and Stock Show Will be Held during the Week. "YOUR MOVE" CLUB MEETS Scrle or Hemming Game Imperfect by Checker KnthusiaMS. An Interesting checker contest was held at the Marion City Hospital par lors Thursday evening. The affair was the last in a series of contests in For Saturday Shoppers The New York Stove is in the midst of its alteration confusion and try and repay you for shopping in a store that is more or less torn Postle and Curtis Undertaking Ambulance Service, Office Phone 152 Residence Phone 998 234 E. Center St: We Can Supply You With Good Country Butter and Fresh Eggs at the Right Price, Give us a Trial. Prompt delivery Phone 522. Adams & Clark to up we will offer you some very special bargains. Separate Skirts Never did we have a better line than we have this Spring and tomorrow we are going to pick out some of the best numbers that were intended to sell for $5.00 and mark them just to make it interesting for you To shop in a torn-up store, $3.50. Shirt Waists, Another big bargain that we will offer will be a waists. They were made to sell for double what we but to go along with the skirts to make it worth your while to come to the Cash Store will mark the whole lot of new Spring will ask for them. Try a New York Special, It is a $11.00 corset for $1.00. Not mjnimm i7M.;TKn7 McCall'B pat terns, the best Ip tho world tho pattern you want is In stock. An. Imortant meeting of tho Grentcr Marlon Poultry ayd( Pet Stock associa tion, was held in the room below tho Marion County bank, Tliursluy even ing nt 7:30 o'cldcjlfVpracllcally all of tho members we-6 ' piesent nnd the session proved exceedingly Interesting. Tho reports of -the secretary of tho lost nnnual show disclosed that tho association mado a. littlo money on the event. It wns decided to hold tho next anuuni show during Thanksgiv ing week of next November, F. Ream, of Collegesvllh', Pennsylvania, waase. looted as Judge for tho next show. He was recommended ty W. C. Denny of New York city who Is tho leading poultry Judge of America. Tho show will bo mnihi moro olaborato In every particular this year arid It Issuro to bo a success. Tho nnnual election of officers tools plnco last night. Tho following board of directors was elected: M. I). Dtckerson, A. Klcrx, William Fies, F. R. Mann, F. A. Schrooter, Fred Schwelkert. John IJerrlnger, Mls3 Nora ICigcr, Herman Wollcnweber. M. G. Dickerson Tho directors organized by electing the following olllcers: A. Klorx. presi dent; O. Wollenwebor, vlco-presldent; m! a. Dickerson, secretary; M. R. Dickerson, assistant secretary; Wil liam Fies, treasurer'. Tho next meeting of the association will bo held on tho second Thursday night of March. This will bo an op ening session and nil citizens Interest ed In poultry or pet stock will bo ex tended a hearty Invitation. LODGE NEWS Winsfield Lodge I. O. O. F. met last night with a fair attendance. After passing through the regular order of business, Initiatory work was taken up and the second degree conferred upon a class of candidates. Final arrangements were made for an entertainment and ladies' social to take place next Wednesday evening. Albrecht, O. The American Insurance Union met last night in regular semi-monthly business. Initiatory work was taken on one application for membership was received at this time and preparations for initiating a class of candidates at the next meeting. Washington's birthday will be appropriately celebrated with an entertainment and a social to take place at the next meeting. The lodge received an invitation from the Columbian lodge requesting presence at a cancival to be given in the capital city on March 22nd. It was accepted and plans were formulated for attending. Marion lodge No. 82 D. T. O. Elks had the usual large attendance at the regular meeting last night. After considering regular business, four candidates were introduced into the mysteries of the order. Several applications for membership were balloted upon at this time. At the conclusion of the regular session, refreshments were served and a pleasant social was enjoyed. Spring Suits: a big showing. "Their" "Graceful simplicity" is perhaps the most attractive feature of the smart new style Spring Suits. We can't say that there is any startling new departure about them but you'll find the suits we are showing captivating in their neat, tasteful plain man tailoring. A great range of materials and fashionable coloring between $12.50, $15, $16.50, $18.50, and $20. Spring Suits at $18.50 Ask to see the chick suit pictured here at $18.50. You have no idea how well you'll like it. Not a fussy touch about it you'll notice. Just the handling of a fine grade self-striped worsted by skilled artistic tailoring hands and made up into a style that relies upon its good lines and perfect tailoring for it's pleasing effect. Priced. Preciaring $18.50 The big Black Silk Sale This is the only "Black Silk Sale" of its kind. Others may offer a piece here and there at a price but here is a $5000.00 stock of all new, absolutely guaranteed Winsted Silks. Prices run this way while the sale lasts. $1.00 yard-wide oil-boiled Taffeta 79c Winsted's $1.25 "Orange Edge" Taffeta 88c $1.25 Black "Lustre Satin" at 82c yd. $1.25 double-Face Peau de Soie 94c The Greatest Coat Sale All Women's Coats at Two Prices. RPR UUiUU that's a wonderful price isn't it? at which to offer unlimited choice of any colored tailored coat that remains in the store? Even if it was worth $30 earlier in the season. Tomorrow's "clean sweep" must be final $5.98 for any of this Values $16 to $40. $7.98 pick any Black street coat in the store at that; There are a number of beautiful dresses left in broadcloths and fine kerseys, values from $20 up to $35. It is certainly a great chance for you as there are the tailored styles that will be fashionable a year from now. $7.98. February a "Double-barreled" Month, Uhler-Phillips February, a "Double-barreled" Month. 4 irt - fc-y v it rt;uftsijt9m'l: i 4 a w- V 9 II II 1. 1 .2 C ft" V.t ,. jf. |
US-20496351-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Method of forming hard facing surfaces
March 29, 1955 [NGELS 2,704,884
METHOD OF FORMING HARD FACING SURFACES Filed Jan. 8. 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet l 679/70 5. Inge/s INVENTOR.
.unnnnuuua ATTORNl-Y March 29, 1955 R lNGELs 2,704,884
METHOD OF FORMING HARD FACING SURFACES Filed Jan. 8, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 6/erm R. Inge/s INVENTOR.
A TTOR/VE) nited States Patent Ofi 2,704,884 Patented Mar. 29, 1955 METHOD OF FORMING HARD FACING SURFACES Glenn R. Ingels, Houston, Tex.
Application January 8, 1951, Serial No. 204,963
2 Claims. (Cl. 29-527) The present invention relates to a method of preforming hard facing surfaces which may be welded to metals to give such metals an extremely hard surface of wear resistant quality.
More specifically, this invention is concerned primarily with the method of forming hard surfacing strips or blanks in which grains of extremely hard alloy are bonded by a ductile weldable binder material, as disclosed and claimed in my copending application, Serial Number 116,605, filed September 19, 1949, entitled Method of} and Product for Hard Surfacing.
Heretofore in the art various tough steels and alloys have been preformed and applied to metals, the hardness of such steels and alloys ranging up to 650 Brinell, these steels and alloys being ordinarily weldable. The present invention is concerned with forming a hard surface having weldable edges that is comparable to the quality of hard surface obtained by the oxy-acetylene deposition of hard facing rods having extremely hard facing grains. For example, alloys of tungsten, cobalt and carbon are exceedingly hard and without the aid of a weldable binder material could not be successfully welded to the surface of a metal article. Such alloys have a hardness (by extrapolation) ranging to and beyond 1100 Brinell.
Prior to the development described and claimed in my copending application, Serial No. 116,605, hard facing was performed primarily by three methods using a hard surfacing rod, such as the rod described and claimed in U. S. Letters Patent No. 2,493,143 issued January 3, 1950, as well as others known to the trade. These methods may be classified as the atomic hydrogen arc welding process, the electric arc welding process and the acetylene gas method.
Each of the last mentioned methods has certain advantages and disadvantages peculiar to the particular process. For example, the atomic hydrogen arc process provides probably the fastest known method for depositing hard facing alloy grains utilizing a conventional rod upon surfaces to be hard faced, and because of the high temperature of the arc generated the base material to be surfaced or faced is only heated locally. Thus, the
inherent properties in the base metal are only locally affected, and in the case of a heat treated product the surface may be hard faced after heat treatment with only local losses of the heat treated characteristics. The primary disadvantage of the above process is that due to the high temperatures generated during the arc welding of the hard facing grains to the surface many of the hard facing grains are melted thereby depositing an inferior hard facing surface. It is understood in the art that the quality of a hard surfacing deposit is measured by the number and distribution of hard metal alloy grains deposited thereon.
The electric arc welding method of applying hard surfacing rods to surfaces is similar to and has substantially the advantages and disadvantages of the atomic hydrogen arc method above described.
The acetylene gas method provides a better process for depositing a hard and wear resistant surface to metal objects than either the atomic hydrogen arc welding or electric arc welding processes. The primary advantage of the acetylene gas method appears to be that due to the lower welding temperature of the gas flame very few hard metal grains are melted and the force of the flame works the weld deposit to provide a more uniform distribution of grains. The disadvantage inherent in the acetylene gas method, however, is that in order to obtain a suflicient bond between the deposit and the base metal it is necessary that the base metal be heated uniformly to what is known in the art as the sweating on temperature. It is impossible to deposit the hard surfacing material by this method on a heat treated base metal without destroying the inherent heat treatment properties of the latter. Moreover, a considerable length of time is necessary to deposit the additive material on the metal surface. In addition, hard metal deposits after deposition are hard and brittle and, therefore, are not capable of being formed to a desired shape or arc welded without danger of cracking. It is of considerable advantage to the trade to be able to combine the good quality hard facing deposit provided by the gas flame method with the speed of deposition of the are methods. The developments disclosed and claimed in my copending application provide hard surfacing articles which combine the good quality hard facing deposit of the gas flame method with the speed of deposition of the arc method and, as stated heretofore, this invention is concerned with methods of making such a hard surfacing article or product.
Accordingly, it is a prime object of this invention to provide a process of forming a surface of extremely hard particles for welding to a metal desired to be hard faced.
It is a further object of my invention to provide a method of forming such a surface having weldable edge portions whereby such surface may be easily and quickly welded to a metal surface sought to be hard faced.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a process for forming an extremely high wear resistant surface having a weldable backing and excess of weldable material along its edge portions whereby the surface may be readily welded as a unit to the object to be faced.
It is yet a further object of my invention to provide a process of forming an extremely hard facing, wear resistant, surfacing article in which particles of hard facing material are subjected to a relatively low heat thereby providing a minimum of melting of the hard facing particles and thereby providing a high quality hard facing deposited surface.
A still further object of my invention is the provision of such a process in which the hard surface may be preformed and shaped to the desired configuration in order that it may be quickly welded to vari-shaped surfaces desired to be hard faced. It is a feature of my invention that the particles or grains of hard facing alloys are forged into the surface of the hard facing article thereby providing a wear reslstant surface therefor, yet providing weldable backing and edge members for the hard facing alloy grains.
A further feature of my invention is the provision of such a process which is economically feasible and which provides a substantially even disbursement of hard facing alltoya grains adjacent the surface portion of the finished ar to e.
Other and further objects and features will be apparent from the following description of preferred examples of my invention, not by Way of limitation but for the purposes of disclosure.
Broadly, my method comprises depositing extremely hard facing particles in an envelope of weldable material and heating one surface of the envelope to expose a surface of such hard facing particles and bind the hard facing particles to the weldable envelope. Preferably, the envelope is worked while heating one side, such as by rolling or forging. If desired the entire envelope may be heated, care being taken that only one side of the envelope is softened or melted or heated to near the melting point to expose the hard facing particles. Of course, the hard facing alloy particles may be exposed on one or more sides, such as the desired surface and its underside, but it is essential to provide weldable mate rial by which the finished surface may be Welded to a metal surface.
Preferably, the envelope of weldable material is substantially flat and sealed at one end, hard facing alloy grains being deposited therein, and the Whole placed in suitable forging rollers.
The accompanying drawings illustrate suitable apparatus for use in my process, and,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, with parts broken away, illustrating a pair of rollers and torch adapted for use in my process,
2 is a sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of 3- Fig. 3 illustrates a blank or envelope adapted to be placed in the rollers of Fig. 1,
Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective illustrating a hard facing band made in accordance with the present invention,
Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 illustrate alternative methods of forming suitable envelopes of weldable material and hard facing grains,
Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of a side elevation illustrating apparatus which may be used in my process when the process is continuous,
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 8, and
Fig. 11 is an enlarged, fragmentary plan view of means to insert excess material along the edges of the strip in order to provide excess weldable edges along the each side of the hard facing blank.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings and particularly Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the reference numerals 10 and 12 indicate cooperating forging rollers. As better seen in Fig. 2, the upper roller 10 has substantially straight sides and rotates about the shaft 14. The lower roller 12 has the circumferential channel 16 disposed about its outer periphery, this channel, viewed in cross-section, diverging laterally outwardly and radially inwardly as indicated by the numeral 18. As best seen in Fig. 2, the roller 12 is made up of two sections 20 and 22, in order that the band may be removed therefrom, and such sections may be secured together by any conventional means, such as by the tie rods 24. The roller 12 revolves about the shaft 26 and the torch member 28 is positioned so that the flame therefrom will play against the outer surface of the blank positioned in the channel 16 of the roller 12. The torch diagrammatically illustrated may be of the oxy-acetylene type; however, any conventional heating means may be utilized. The rollers 10 and 12 may be driven by a conventional source of power, not shown.
As best seen in Fig. 3 a strip of weldable ductile binder material 30 may be filled with grains of hard facing alloy 32, and excess weldable binder material, in the form of rods 34, is positioned on either side of the strip of the binder material 30. Thus an excess of binder material is provided along the edges of the strip, the hard facing grains 32 being disposed in the strip 30. The strip, as illustrated in Fig. 3, may then be placed or fed into the channel 16 of the rollers 12 and rolled as an oxy-acetylene flame or flames is applied to the outer surface of the strip. As the heat is applied, the upper roller 10 applies pressure to the heated surface of the strip 30 and works the binder material into intimate association with the hard facing grains, and forces the excess weld material into the downwardly diverging channels 18.
After the strip has been thoroughly heated on its outer surface and the hot material worked into the voids between the grains of hard facing particles, the strip may be removed from the rollers by uncoupling the tie members 24 and the finished hard facing band will approximate the band illustrated in Fig. 4. Inasmuch as the binder or weldable materials suitable for the purpose melt at about 2700" F. and the grains of wear resistant alloys have much higher melting points (tungsten melts at about 6000 F.) very little melting of the hard facing grains occurs in my process. Moreover, it is not necessary that the binder material be melted to successfully forge the binder and hard metal grains into intimate association, but only that the binder material be heated to a point where it may be easily and readily worked. Due to the diverging sides 18 of the channel 16, excess weldable material is provided along the extremities of the product.
As illustrated in Fig. 5 the strip of ductile weldable material may be made up of two sections, a channeled section 36 having the thickened side members 38 and a separate strip of binder material 40 positioned on top of the hard facing particles 32.
Similarly, Fig. 6 represents a modification in the envelope of binder material, the difference between the arrangements of Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 is that substantially square rod members 34' are utilized.
Fig. 7 is somewhat similar to Fig. 5, except that the vertical edges 38 have the horizontal ears 42 and the strip of binder material 40 is inserted under the overturned ears 42. In this arrangement it seems manifest that substantially thickened weldable edges will be provided during the rolling operation.
Fig. 8 illustrates a still further modification in that my weld rod described and claimed in U. S. Patent No. 2,493,143 is placed in the binder 30 having the upstanding edges 44. All of these modifications may be worked and rolled in the same manner as described in connection with Figs. 1, 2 and 3 and no more description is deemed necessary.
As indicated heretofore, binder material 30 may be cut to the desired length, sealed at one end, excess weldable binder material placed along the longitudinal edges of the strip and particles of hard facing material deposited in the strip. The envelope may then be passed to the forging rollers and heated on one side while being worked to provide a finished hard surfacing article in accordance with the invention. It seems manifest that an unlimited variety of means may be utilized to provide an envelope of binder material and hard facing particles to be passed to the rolling operation.
If desired, the process may be continuous, and reference is now made to Figs. 8, 9 and 10. The numeral 50 illustrates weldable binder material, which may be any suitable hinder or weldable material in the art such as a mild steel, and may be in the form of a tape as illustrated and wound on reel 52.
In order to aid in depositing hard facing particles on the binder material or metallic tape 50, the latter may be formed into a convenient channel to receive the former. A centering roller 54 centers the weldable tape 50 as the latter is passed through inter-fitting channel rollers 56 and 58, respectively, thus forming the weldable material into a substantially U-shaped channel. The operation of the channel rollers is obvious and the metallic tape need not be formed into a U, but a substantial crimping of the sides is preferred in order that the material might be substantially completely rolled over later on in the process. Manifestly, the peripheral configuration of these rollers may be varied considerably.
Additional weldable material is supplied from a pair of reels 60 on which rod or wire-like ductile weldable material 62 is wound. A roller 64 having the peripheral and circumferential grooves 66 is utilized to firmly anchor the rods or wires 62 of weldable material along the lower edges of the U-shaped channel formed in the weldable tape 50 by the channel rollers 56 and 58.
The additive material 32 may consist of grains of any type of hard facing alloy or material for the desired use and may be deposited in the channel of the tape 50 by means of the hopper 66.
After the weldable rods or wires 62 and the hard facing particles 32 are added, the strip may be centered by the centering roller 68 and passed to the crimping rollers 70 and 72 which roll the tape into an envelope substantially the same, viewed in cross-section, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
It is desirable to heat the metallic weldable material to a temperature range where it may be easily worked and, for this purpose, a conventional furnace or heating means diagrammatically shown as 73 is provided.
After heating, the envelope may be passed to the rollers 74 and 76 and the torch 78 may be provided to assure that one surface of the envelope is softened or melted or heated close to the melting point whereby the surface of the finished product will be substantially free of ductile weldable material thereby exposing the particles of hard surfacing grains. As illustrated, the finished hard facing band may be cut into desired lengths for use, such being indicated by the reference character 80.
Many changes may be made within the spirit of the invention. For example, a plurality of rollers may be utilizedin place of each set of rollers illustrated in order to provide the desired result. If desired, the heating means 73 may be omitted and a series of forging rollers and torches may be utilized. It is important, however, that one side of the envelope be heated to a point where it may be easily worked in order that such side may be readily or easily worked or forged into the interstices between the grains of additive material thereby bonding the latter to the weldable backing and sides and providing an exposed surface of hard facing alloy particles.
Broadly my invention comprises providing an envelope of weldable material, preferably providing an excess of weldable material about its edges, depositing hard facing particles in the envelope and thereafter heating at least one side of the envelope in order that the weldable material proximate that side may be readily and easily Worked into intimate association with the hard facing particles thereby bonding the hard facing particles to the weldable backing and sides and forming a finished hard facing surfacing article which may be readily and easily secured to a surface desired to be hard faced.
From the above description it is obvious that various changes may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit thereof or the scope of the annexed claims.
I claim:
1. In a process of making a unitary hard facing article from an envelope of binder material having hard facing particles held therein, said hard facing article having a wear resistant surface extending along one side and having exposed binder material on the other sides whereby the article may be welded as a unit to a surface to be hard faced, the improvement comprising applying heat to the surface of said one side until said one side is in a state of substantial plasticity, said heat being applied without substantial melting of the other sides, and working said one side while in such state of substantial plasticity into intimate and bonding contact with such hard facing particles and until the particles on said one side are substantially exposed.
2. In a process of making a unitary hard facing article from an envelope of binder material having particles of hard facing grains held therein, said hard facing article having a wear resistant surface extending along one side and having exposed binder material on the other sides whereby the article may be welded as a unit to a surface to be hard faced, the improvement comprising providing an excess of weldable binder material internally of the envelope and along edges thereof before the envelope is closed, closing the envelope, applying heat to said one side until said one side is in a state of substantial plasticity, said heat being applied without substantial melting of the other side, and working said one side while in such state of substantial plasticity into intimate and bonding contact with such hard facing grains until the grains on said one side are substantially exposed.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,956,462 Knuth Apr. 24, 1934 1,977,128 Hawkins Oct. 16, 1934 2,250,561 Wissler July 29, 1941 2,299,877 Calkins Oct. 27, 1942 2,367,286 Keeleric Jan. 16, 1945 2,394,047 Elsey Feb. 5, 1946 2,409,422 Egan Oct. 15, 1946 2,414,510 Doyle Jan. 21, 1947 2,427,517 Wilson Sept. 16, 1947 2,493,143 Ingels Jan. 3, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS 350,608 Great Britain June 18, 1931.
|
github_open_source_100_1_528 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import React from "react";
import LoadingView from "./Product/LoadingView";
import AppBar from "@material-ui/core/AppBar";
import Toolbar from "@material-ui/core/Toolbar";
import IconButton from "@material-ui/core/IconButton";
import Typography from "@material-ui/core/Typography";
import MenuIcon from '@material-ui/icons/Menu';
import classNames from 'classnames';
import {withStyles} from '@material-ui/core/styles';
import styles from '../../theme/material_ui/home.mui_style';
import RadioGroup from "@material-ui/core/RadioGroup";
import FormControlLabel from "@material-ui/core/FormControlLabel";
import Radio from "@material-ui/core/Radio";
import SwipeableDrawer from "@material-ui/core/SwipeableDrawer";
import LoadingProducts from "./Product/LoadingProducts";
import {API} from "../../config";
import {addDisplayProductsAction} from "../../redux/actions/products";
class View extends React.PureComponent {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
openSnackBar: false,
messageSnackBar: '',
variantSnackBar: 'info',
refreshing: false,
openDrawer: false,
value: '',
}
}
componentDidMount() {
const {fetchProducts} = this.props;
this.setState({
refreshing: true
}, async () => {
try {
await fetchProducts();
} catch (e) {
alert(e.response);
}
this.setState({
refreshing: false,
})
});
}
toggleDrawer = () => {
const {openDrawer} = this.state;
this.setState({openDrawer: !openDrawer});
};
handleChange = (event) => {
const {fetchProducts, addDisplayProducts, newSort, dispalyedAds} = this.props;
let value = event.target.value;
let dispalyedAd = API('/ads/?r=' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000));
let exist = dispalyedAds.indexOf(dispalyedAd);
while (exist > 0) {
dispalyedAd = API('/ads/?r=' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000));
exist = dispalyedAds.indexOf(dispalyedAd);
}
this.setState({
refreshing: true,
value
}, async () => {
try {
await addDisplayProducts(dispalyedAd);
await fetchProducts(value);
await newSort(value);
} catch (e) {
alert(e.response);
}
this.setState({
refreshing: false,
})
});
};
render() {
const {classes} = this.props;
const {
refreshing,
openDrawer,
value
} = this.state;
return (
<div
style={{background: '#F4F4F4'}}
>
<React.Fragment>
<AppBar position="fixed">
<Toolbar>
<IconButton edge="start" color="inherit" aria-label="menu"
onClick={this.toggleDrawer}
>
<MenuIcon/>
</IconButton>
<Typography variant="h6">
E Commerce Website
</Typography>
</Toolbar>
</AppBar>
<SwipeableDrawer
open={openDrawer}
onOpen={this.toggleDrawer}
classes={{
paper: classNames(classes.drawerPaper, !openDrawer && classes.drawerPaperClose),
}}
onClose={this.toggleDrawer}
>
<div
className={classes.list}
style={{marginTop: 20, padding: 10,}}
role="presentation"
>
<Typography variant="body2" component="h3">
Order Product By
</Typography>
<RadioGroup aria-label="gender" name="gender1" value={value}
style={{
marginTop: 20,
spacing: 10
}}
onChange={this.handleChange}>
<FormControlLabel value={null} control={<Radio/>} label="Random" defaultChecked/>
<FormControlLabel value="id" control={<Radio/>} label="Id"/>
<FormControlLabel value="size" control={<Radio/>} label="Size"/>
<FormControlLabel value="price" control={<Radio/>} label="Price"/>
</RadioGroup>
</div>
</SwipeableDrawer>
</React.Fragment>
{
refreshing ?
<LoadingView/>
:
<LoadingProducts/>
}
</div>
);
}
}
export default withStyles(styles)(View)
|
github_open_source_100_1_529 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | <template>
<div class="pill-form">
<label
v-html="displayLabel(label)"
class="pill-label"
:for="forId(label, id)"
></label>
<span class="pill-content">
<input
:id="forId(label, id)"
:value="value"
type="range"
:min="min"
:max="max"
@input="emitInput($event)"
>
</span>
<span class="range-value">
{{ visibleValue }}
</span>
<button
class="pill-end last-pill-section"
title="Reset to default"
@click="$emit('input', defaultValue)"
>×</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
const computed = window.require('./scripts/form-field-computeds.js');
const methods = window.require('./scripts/methods.js');
module.exports = {
name: 'range-slider',
props: {
value: {
type: [String, Number],
required: false
},
label: {
type: String,
required: true
},
min: {
type: [String, Number],
default: 0
},
max: {
type: [String, Number],
default: 100
},
multiplier: {
type: Number,
default: 1
},
toFixed: {
type: Number,
default: 0
},
defaultValue: {
type: Number,
required: true
}
},
methods: {
...methods,
emitInput: function ($event) {
let amount = $event && $event.target && $event.target.value;
// Possible bug: parseInt(0 || 6) will give 6
amount = parseInt(amount || this.min);
this.$emit('input', amount);
}
},
computed: {
...computed,
visibleValue: function () {
let value = parseFloat(this.value);
return (value * this.multiplier).toFixed(this.toFixed);
}
}
};
</script>
<style>
input[type=range] {
width: 100%;
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
width: 300px;
height: 5px;
background: #BBB;
border: none;
border-radius: 3px;
}
input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb {
width: 16px;
height: 16px;
background: salmon;
border: none;
border-radius: 50%;
margin-top: -4px;
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
input[type=range]:focus {
outline: none;
}
input[type=range]:focus::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
background: #CCC;
}
.range-value {
min-width: 55px;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
</style>
|
github_open_source_100_1_530 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package de.wacodis.productlistener.model;
import java.util.Objects;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator;
import de.wacodis.productlistener.model.AbstractDataEnvelopeAreaOfInterest;
import de.wacodis.productlistener.model.AbstractDataEnvelopeTimeFrame;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
/**
* extensible datatype for metadata that describes the processing of a product
*/
@ApiModel(description = "extensible datatype for metadata that describes the processing of a product ")
@javax.annotation.Generated(value = "org.openapitools.codegen.languages.SpringCodegen", date = "2020-10-30T14:16:51.226+01:00[Europe/Berlin]")
public class ProcessingMetadata implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@JsonProperty("process")
private String process = null;
@JsonProperty("areaOfInterest")
private AbstractDataEnvelopeAreaOfInterest areaOfInterest = null;
@JsonProperty("timeFrame")
private AbstractDataEnvelopeTimeFrame timeFrame = null;
@JsonProperty("created")
private DateTime created = null;
public ProcessingMetadata process(String process) {
this.process = process;
return this;
}
/**
* name of the process that was responsible for creating the product
* @return process
**/
@ApiModelProperty(required = true, value = "name of the process that was responsible for creating the product ")
@NotNull
public String getProcess() {
return process;
}
public void setProcess(String process) {
this.process = process;
}
public ProcessingMetadata areaOfInterest(AbstractDataEnvelopeAreaOfInterest areaOfInterest) {
this.areaOfInterest = areaOfInterest;
return this;
}
/**
* Get areaOfInterest
* @return areaOfInterest
**/
@ApiModelProperty(required = true, value = "")
@NotNull
@Valid
public AbstractDataEnvelopeAreaOfInterest getAreaOfInterest() {
return areaOfInterest;
}
public void setAreaOfInterest(AbstractDataEnvelopeAreaOfInterest areaOfInterest) {
this.areaOfInterest = areaOfInterest;
}
public ProcessingMetadata timeFrame(AbstractDataEnvelopeTimeFrame timeFrame) {
this.timeFrame = timeFrame;
return this;
}
/**
* Get timeFrame
* @return timeFrame
**/
@ApiModelProperty(required = true, value = "")
@NotNull
@Valid
public AbstractDataEnvelopeTimeFrame getTimeFrame() {
return timeFrame;
}
public void setTimeFrame(AbstractDataEnvelopeTimeFrame timeFrame) {
this.timeFrame = timeFrame;
}
public ProcessingMetadata created(DateTime created) {
this.created = created;
return this;
}
/**
* time on which the dataset was created
* @return created
**/
@ApiModelProperty(required = true, value = "time on which the dataset was created ")
@NotNull
@Valid
public DateTime getCreated() {
return created;
}
public void setCreated(DateTime created) {
this.created = created;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(java.lang.Object o) {
if (this == o) {
return true;
}
if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
return false;
}
ProcessingMetadata processingMetadata = (ProcessingMetadata) o;
return Objects.equals(this.process, processingMetadata.process) &&
Objects.equals(this.areaOfInterest, processingMetadata.areaOfInterest) &&
Objects.equals(this.timeFrame, processingMetadata.timeFrame) &&
Objects.equals(this.created, processingMetadata.created);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(process, areaOfInterest, timeFrame, created);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("class ProcessingMetadata {\n");
sb.append(" process: ").append(toIndentedString(process)).append("\n");
sb.append(" areaOfInterest: ").append(toIndentedString(areaOfInterest)).append("\n");
sb.append(" timeFrame: ").append(toIndentedString(timeFrame)).append("\n");
sb.append(" created: ").append(toIndentedString(created)).append("\n");
sb.append("}");
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Convert the given object to string with each line indented by 4 spaces
* (except the first line).
*/
private String toIndentedString(java.lang.Object o) {
if (o == null) {
return "null";
}
return o.toString().replace("\n", "\n ");
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_531 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #pragma once
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////// Tiago Costa, 2014
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include "..\Utilities\Debug.h"
#include "..\AquaTypes.h"
namespace aqua
{
class BinaryReader
{
public:
BinaryReader(const void* data, size_t size);
~BinaryReader();
const void* getData() const;
size_t getSize() const;
int setPosition(size_t pos);
size_t getPosition() const;
const char* nextString();
const void* nextRawData(size_t size);
template<typename T>
T next()
{
ASSERT((size_t)(_current_pos + sizeof(T) - _data) <= _size);
T x = *(T*)_current_pos;
_current_pos += sizeof(T);
return x;
}
template<typename T>
T* nextArray(size_t count)
{
ASSERT((size_t)(_current_pos + sizeof(T) * count - _data) <= _size);
T* x = (T*)_current_pos;
_current_pos += sizeof(T) * count;
return x;
}
private:
const char* _data;
const char* _current_pos;
size_t _size;
};
}; |
github_open_source_100_1_532 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | #if UNITY_EDITOR
using System;
using UnityEngine;
namespace UnityEditor.Experimental.EditorVR.Input
{
class BaseInputToEvents : MonoBehaviour, IInputToEvents
{
public bool active
{
get { return m_Active; }
protected set
{
if (m_Active != value)
{
m_Active = value;
if (activeChanged != null)
activeChanged();
}
}
}
bool m_Active;
public event Action activeChanged;
}
}
#endif |
US-4371108-A_1 | USPTO | Public Domain | Connecting device and electronic apparatus system
ABSTRACT
A connecting device for detachably holding an electronic apparatus having a housing formed in a plate shape and serving as an interface for a signal input/output between the electronic apparatus and at least one external device. The connecting device includes a base portion and a support plate coupled with the base portion. The device includes a connector that can be provided on the surface of the support plate and to which the signal input/output terminal is connected and a guide member that is supported by the lower end of the support plate so as to freely turn in the direction of moving close to and away from the support plate with the lower end as the axis and that is in contact with both of a part of the lower end surface and a part of the back surface of the electronic apparatus when the electronic apparatus is attached.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to and claims the benefit of priority fromthe prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-68527 filed on Mar. 16,2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a connecting device which detachablyholds an electronic apparatus provided with a display screen and servesas an interface for signal input/output between this electronicapparatus and an external device, and an electronic apparatus systemprovided with the electronic apparatus and the connecting device.
2. Description of Related Art
Recently, there have been developed and commercialized electronicapparatuses which are provided with a large display screen at the frontof the housing and formed in a plate shape as a whole without having akeyboard and to which an instruction is inputted by bringing a pen intocontact with or close to the display screen to make the position of thepen recognized. As such electronic apparatus, for example, a palm-sizedtype apparatus the processing power of which is limited, and a tablettype apparatus having a processing power as a personal computer(hereinafter, this tablet type apparatus is briefly referred to as atablet PC) are known.
Such an electronic apparatus can have form and functions convenient forcarrying the electronic apparatus, and it is assumed to be carried andthat can be used inside and outside. Especially the tablet PC describedabove, however, is also assumed to be that can be used for a work on adesk because it can have processing power as a personal computer.
When such an electronic apparatus is that can be used on a desk, it isdesirable to connect an external device such as a keyboard to theelectronic apparatus to facilitate the work. However, in the form ofdirectly connecting an external device to the electronic apparatus, theuser has to attach or detach the external device to or from theelectronic apparatus each time of switching between the use on a deskand the use while carrying the electronic apparatus, that is verytroublesome.
For example, example embodiment, an electronic apparatus addressing thisproblem can be provided with a display screen is detachably held, and adocking station, that is a connecting device for serving as an interfacefor a signal input/output between this electronic apparatus and anexternal device, is that can be used to connect the electronic apparatusand an external device via this docking station. By using such a dockingstation, the user can easily perform switching between the use of theelectronic apparatus on a desk and the use while carrying it.
At the lower part of the attached surface of the above docking station,a positioning member with a cross section formed in a U shape isattached in a manner that it can freely turn around an axis in thelongitudinal direction. Therefore, this docking station makes itpossible to easily and accurately attach the electronic apparatus byinserting the lower end part of the electronic apparatus into thispositioning member to position the electronic apparatus and turn thepositioning member around the axis from that state to get the backsurface of the electronic apparatus in close contact with the attachedsurface.
This docking station can also be provided with a docking-station-sideconnector at the attached surface, and the electronic apparatus can beprovided with an electronic-apparatus-side connector to be engaged withthe docking-station-side connector on its back surface. Therefore, atthe same time of getting the back surface of the electronic apparatusinto contact with the attached surface of the docking station, the usercan electrically connect the docking-station-side connector and theelectronic-apparatus-side connector with each other.
SUMMARY
According to an example embodiment, a connecting device for detachablyholding an electronic apparatus having a housing formed in a plate shapeand serving as an interface for a signal input/output between theelectronic apparatus and at least one external device with theconnecting device includes a base portion, a support plate coupled withthe base portion; a connector that can be provided on the surface of thesupport plate and to which the signal input/output terminal isconnected—; and a guide member that is supported by the lower end of thesupport plate so as to freely turn in the direction of moving close toand away from the support plate with the lower end as the axis and thatis in contact with both of a part of the lower end surface and a part ofthe back surface of the electronic apparatus when the electronicapparatus is attached.
Additional aspects and/or advantages will be set forth in part in thedescription which follows and, in part, will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and/or other aspects and advantages will become apparent and morereadily appreciated from the following description of the exampleembodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings ofwhich:
FIG. 1 illustrates an external perspective view of a tablet PC seen fromobliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 2 illustrates an enlarged sectional view of section A shown in FIG.1;
FIG. 3 illustrates an external perspective view showing an example statein which an operator holds the tablet PC shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged external perspective view of section Bshown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 illustrates a top side surface showing the tablet PC shown inFIG. 1 when it is seen from the top side surface;
FIG. 6 illustrates a left side surface showing the tablet PC shown inFIG. 1 when it is seen from the left side surface;
FIG. 7 illustrates an external perspective view of the tablet PC shownin FIG. 1 when it is seen from obliquely upward on the back side;
FIG. 8 illustrates an external perspective view of the tablet PC shownin FIG. 1 and a housing protective cover to be attached to the tablet PCwhen they are seen from obliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 9 illustrates an external perspective view of an electronicapparatus system with the housing protective cover shown in FIG. 8attached to the tablet PC when it is seen from obliquely upward on thefront side;
FIG. 10 illustrates an external perspective view of the electronicapparatus system shown in FIG. 9 when it is seen from obliquely upwardon the front right side;
FIG. 11 illustrates an external perspective view of the electronicapparatus system shown in FIG. 9 when it is seen from obliquely upwardon the front top side;
FIG. 12 illustrates an external perspective view of the electronicapparatus system shown in FIG. 9 when it is seen from obliquely upwardon the front left side;
FIG. 13 illustrates an enlarged external perspective view of section Cshown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 14 illustrates an external perspective view of a docking stationwhen it is seen from obliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 15 illustrates an external perspective view of the docking stationlongitudinally holding the tablet PC when it is seen from obliquelyupward on the front side;
FIG. 16 illustrates an external perspective view of the docking stationduring a process of transition from the state of longitudinally holdingthe tablet PC to the state of laterally holding it when it is seen fromobliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 17 illustrates an external perspective view of the docking stationlaterally holding the tablet PC when it is seen from obliquely upward onthe front side;
FIG. 18 illustrates longitudinal sectional view along a line D-D in FIG.14;
FIG. 19 is an external perspective view showing the state of the guidemember of the docking station shown in FIG. 14 being turned when it isseen from obliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 20 illustrates an external perspective view showing a separatedstate;
FIG. 21 illustrates an external perspective view showing the state oftransition from the separated state to an attached state;
FIG. 22 illustrates an external perspective view of an electronicapparatus system in the attached state;
FIG. 23 illustrates an external perspective view of a stand in a foldedstate seen from obliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 24 illustrates an external perspective view of the stand in adeveloped state seen from obliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 25 illustrates an external perspective view of a keyboard seen fromobliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 26 illustrates an external perspective view showing the state ofthe stand being fixed under the keyboard shown in FIG. 25 with a screwwhen it is seen from obliquely upward on the back side;
FIG. 27 illustrates an external perspective view showing the state ofthe keyboard shown in FIG. 26 being that can be used together with theelectronic apparatus system with the tablet PC attached to the dockingstation when it is seen from obliquely upward on the front side;
FIG. 28 illustrates an external perspective view showing the state of aprocess of taking out the back surface support plate of the stand shownin FIG. 26 from under the keyboard when it is seen from obliquely upwardon the front side;
FIG. 29 illustrates an external perspective view showing the state shownin FIG. 28 when it is seen from obliquely upward on the back side;
FIG. 30 illustrates an external perspective view showing a use state inwhich the back surface support plate of the stand shown in FIG. 26 hasbeen taken out from under the keyboard when it is seen from obliquelyupward on the front side;
FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to the example embodiments,examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, whereinlike reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. Theexample embodiments are described below to explain the present inventionby referring to the figures.
In this embodiment, as an example of the electronic apparatus, aso-called tablet-type personal computer (hereinafter, briefly referredto as a tablet PC) will be described which is provided with a largedisplay screen on the front surface of the housing (the upper surface inFIG. 1) and formed in a plate shape as a whole without having a keyboardand to which an instruction is inputted by bringing a dedicated pen intocontact with or close to the display screen to make the positionrecognized.
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a tablet PC 100 when it isseen from obliquely upward on the front side. FIG. 2 is an enlargedsectional view of an A part shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an externalperspective view showing a state in which a user holds the tablet PC 100shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is an enlarged external perspective view of a Bpart shown in FIG. 1.
The tablet PC 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a processing power similar to thatof a common personal computer and includes a hard disk device and a CPU(Central Processing Unit).
Furthermore, this tablet PC 100 is also provided with a housing 110having an external form in a plate shape and configured by a member madeof resin, and a display screen 120 arranged on an area excluding aperipheral area 111 a adjacent to a side surface 112 on a front surface(the upper surface in FIG. 1) 111 of this housing 110, as shown inFIG. 1. This display screen 120 has a pen input function provided withan electromagnetic-induction digitizer, for detecting contact orcloseness of a dedicated pen 130 (see FIG. 3). A resistive digitizer,which is a so-called touch panel, may be adopted as this input function.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the peripheral area 111 a of the frontsurface 111 of the housing 110 has a groove part 114 formed along thecircumference of this peripheral area 111 a, and a partial area 111 bspreading at the lower side of this groove part 114.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the groove part 114 functions as a fingerhook when a user holds the tablet PC 100, and thereby, a good holdingcondition can be obtained no matter which direction the display screen120 is pointed at when the user holds the tablet PC 100.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, on this groove part 114, there are arrangeddetectors 1141 for detecting scroll information corresponding to asliding operation by the user at both of a part where the groove of thegroove part 114 extends in the longitudinal direction and a part wherethe groove extends in the lateral direction near the lower right corneramong the four corners of the display screen 120. The detectors 1141detect both of scroll information corresponding to a sliding operationwith a finger by the user and scroll information corresponding to asliding operation with the dedicated pen 130 by the user. A displaycontroller 140 for scrolling an image displayed on the display screen120 in response to detection of the scroll information by the detector1141 is included in the housing 110.
Thus, the user can recognize the positions of the detectors 1141 withoutseeing his hands and intuitively perform a scroll operation.Consequently, an excellent operability is realized. Furthermore, it ispossible to perform a scroll operation both with a finger and with thededicated pen 130, which is very convenient. Furthermore, thisembodiment can reduce the possibility of performing a wrong operation incomparison with the case where the detector is provided at a projectedpart.
At an upper part and the central part of the right side of the groovepart 114, there are arranged status display LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)1142 which indicate various statuses of the tablet PC 100. At thecentral part of the top side of the groove part 114, there is arranged aspeaker 1143. At the left side of this speaker 1143, there is arranged areceiver 1144 which receives an infrared signal from a wireless keyboardto be described later.
As shown in FIG. 1, there are arranged five push-button typeSECURITY/TABLET buttons 1110 at the right-side part of the partial area111 b spreading at the lower side of the groove part 114, on theperipheral area 111 a of the front surface 111 of the housing 110. Thesefive SECURITY/TABLET buttons 1110 are arranged in parallel in the orderof a first button 1111, a second button 1112, a third button 1113, afourth button 1114, an ENT button 1115 from the right side.
Each of the first button 1111, the second button 1112, the third button1113 and the fourth button 1114 is a button used when the user inputs apassword when logging in. The ENT button 1115 is a button used when theinputted password is determined.
By continuing to press the first button 1111 for two seconds or moreafter activating the tablet PC 100, the tablet PC 100 executesprocessing similar to the processing performed when the Ctrl key, theAlt key and the Del key are pressed at the same time on a commonkeyboard to forcibly terminate the system.
Each time the second button 1112 is pressed after the tablet PC 100 isactivated, the tablet PC 100 turns the direction of the whole imagedisplayed on the display screen 120 by 90 degrees. Thus, the user canuse this display screen 120 both in the longitudinal and lateraldirections.
As described above, the tablet PC 100 is provided with the groove part114 which functions as a finger hook. Therefore, even if the userchanges the direction of the whole image displayed on the display screen120 to a desired direction and changes the direction of the displayscreen 120 to any of the longitudinal and lateral directions, he can usethe tablet PC 100 in a good holding condition.
The third button 1113 and the fourth button 1114 are buttons to whichthe user can assign desired functions. When the user presses the thirdbutton 1113 or the fourth button 1114 to which a predetermined functionis assigned in advance and then presses the ENT button 1115 afteractivating the tablet PC 100, the tablet PC 100 executes the functionassigned to the third button 1113 or the fourth button 1114. The ENTbutton 1115 corresponds to the Enter key on a common keyboard.
As shown in FIG. 1, the housing 110 is provided with a pen storage slot1121 for storing the dedicated pen 130 described above, and a strap hole1122 for attaching a strap attached to the dedicated pen 130, on a rightside surface 112 a on the right side of the side surface 112. Thehousing 110 is also provided with a sliding-type power button 1123 forturning on/off the main power source, on this right side surface 112 a.Furthermore, the housing 110 is also provided with a fingerprint sensor1124 for identifying a fingerprint to perform user authentication, a PCcard slot 1125 into which a PC card not shown is to be inserted, a smartcard slot 1126 into which a smart card not shown is to be inserted, anSD memory card slot 1127 into which an SD memory card not shown is to beinserted, and a first USB connector 1128 to which a USB (UniversalSerial Bus) cable not shown is to be connected, on this right sidesurface 112 a.
FIG. 5 is diagram of a top side surface showing the tablet PC 100 shownin FIG. 1 when it is seen from the top side surface.
As shown in FIG. 5, the housing 110 is provided with a second USBconnector 1129 and a third USB connector 1130 to which a USB cable notshown is to be connected, and an IEEE 1394 port 1131 to which an IEEE1394 cable not shown is to be connected, on a top side surface 112 b onthe top side of the side surface 112. The housing 110 is also providedwith an power connector 1132 to which a power cable not shown forsupplying power to the tablet PC 100 is to be connected, on the top sidesurface 112 b. Furthermore, the housing 110 is also provided with asecurity wire lock slot 1133 for fixing a security wire not shown, aheadphone jack 1134 to which a headphone not shown is to be connected, amicrophone jack 1135 to which a microphone not shown is to be connected,and an external display jack to which the VGA connector of a cableconnected to an external display not shown is to be connected, on thetop side surface 112 b. This external display jack is covered by a portcover 1136.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a left side surface showing the tablet PC 100shown in FIG. 1 when it is seen from the left side surface.
As shown in FIG. 6, the housing 110 is provided with a LAN (Local AreaNetwork) connector to which a LAN cable not shown is to be connected,and a modem connector to which a modular cable not shown is to beconnected, on a left side surface 112 c on the left side of the sidesurface 112. The LAN connector and the modem connector are covered by aconnector cover 1137. Furthermore, the housing 110 is provided with arecess 1138 to be engaged with an engage portion 341 provided at a guidemember 340 of a docking station 300 to be described later, on this leftside surface 112 c.
FIG. 7 is an external perspective view of the tablet PC 100 shown inFIG. 1 when it is seen from obliquely upward on the back side.
As shown in FIG. 7, the housing 110 is provided with a docking stationconnector 1151 for connecting the docking station 300 (see FIG. 14) tobe described later, at a back surface (the lower surface in FIG. 7) 115.
FIG. 8 is an external perspective view of the tablet PC 100 shown inFIG. 1 and a housing protective cover 200 to be attached to the tabletPC 100 when they are seen from obliquely upward on the front side. FIG.9 is an external perspective view of an electronic apparatus system 2000with the housing protective cover 200 shown in FIG. 8 attached to thetablet PC 100 when it is seen from obliquely upward on the front side.
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the housing protective cover 200 can befreely attached to and detached from the tablet PC 100 described withreference to FIGS. 1 to 7, and it has a part which surrounds thecircumference of the side surface 112 of the housing 110 of this tabletPC 100 and is configured by an elastic member.
Therefore, by attaching this housing protective cover 200 to the tabletPC 100, the impact of a falling, a collision and the like to the tabletPC 100 can be reduced without causing deterioration of its operabilityand portability, and the tablet PC 100 is protected from such an impact.Especially, since the housing protective cover 200 is an elastic member,the impact of a falling, a collision and the like can be efficientlyabsorbed by the housing protective cover 200 being elastically deformed.Furthermore, since the housing 110 is a member made of resin and thehousing protective cover 200 configured by an elastic member with ahigher friction coefficient than that of a resin member is attached tothe tablet PC 100, the good holding condition of the tablet PC 100 isimproved. This housing protective cover 200 can be freely attached toand detached from the tablet PC 100, and the user can select whether toattach or detach the housing protective cover 200 according to the useenvironment. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the tablet PC 100 frombecoming large-sized. Furthermore, by attaching this housing protectivecover 200 to the tablet PC 100, the design image of the tablet PC 100can be changed.
FIG. 10 is an external perspective view of the electronic apparatussystem 2000 shown in FIG. 9 when it is seen from obliquely upward on thefront right side. FIG. 11 is an external perspective view of theelectronic apparatus system 2000 shown in FIG. 9 when it is seen fromobliquely upward on the front top side. FIG. 12 is an externalperspective view of the electronic apparatus system 2000 shown in FIG. 9when it is seen from obliquely upward on the front left side.
As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, this housing protective cover 200 covers thefingerprint sensor 1124, the PC card slot 1125, the smart card slot1126, the SD memory card slot 1127 and the first USB connector 1128which are arranged on the right side surface 112 a on the side surface112 of the housing 110 shown in FIG. 1. The housing protective cover 200covers the IEEE 1394 port 1131, the security wire lock slot 1133, theheadphone jack 1134, the microphone jack 1135 and the port cover 1136which are arranged on the top side surface 112 b of the side surface 112of the housing 110 shown in FIG. 5. Furthermore, the housing protectivecover 200 covers the connector cover 1137 arranged on the left sidesurface 112 c of the side surface 112 of the housing 110 shown in FIG.6. It is assumed that the use frequency of these connectors isrelatively low in comparison with other connectors provided for thetablet PC 100.
As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, this housing protective cover 200 isprovided with a first opening 211 for exposing the pen storage slot 1121arranged on the right side surface 112 a of the side surface 112 of thehousing 110 and a second opening 212 for exposing the power button 1123arranged on the right side surface 112 a. Furthermore, this housingprotective cover 200 has a third opening 213 for exposing both of thesecond USB connector 1129 and the third USB connector 1130 arranged onthe top side surface 112 b of the side surface 112 of the housing 110and a fourth opening 214 for exposing the power connector 1132 arrangedon the top side surface 112 b. It is assumed that the use frequency ofthese connectors is relatively high in comparison with other connectorsprovided for the tablet PC 100.
As described above, the housing protective cover 200 covers theconnectors the use frequency of which is assumed to be relatively lowamong the multiple connectors arranged on the side surface 112 of thehousing 110, and it has the first opening 211, the second opening 212,the third opening 213 and the fourth opening 214 for exposing theconnectors the use frequency of which is assumed to be relatively low.Therefore, by attaching this housing protective cover 200 to the tabletPC 100, the connectors the use frequency of which is assumed to berelatively low are protected from dust and moisture. Even while thehousing protective cover 200 is attached to the tablet PC 100, the usercan use the pen storage slot 1121, the power button 1123, the second USBconnector 1129, the third USB connector 1130 and the power connector1132 the use frequency of which is assumed to be relatively high.
FIG. 13 is an enlarged external perspective view of a C part shown inFIG. 9.
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 13, this housing protective cover 200 has afront surface cover portion 220 which covers the partial area 111 b ofthe front surface 111 of the housing 110 where the five SECURITY/TABLETbuttons 1110 are arranged. This front surface cover portion 220 has,immediately above each of the first button 1111, the second button 1112,the third button 1113, the fourth button 1114 and the ENT button 1115,which are the five SECURITY/TABLET buttons 1110 covered by the frontsurface cover portion 220, a bulge for pressing each of theSECURITY/TABLET buttons 1110 in response to a pressing operation by theuser.
Therefore, even when the housing protective cover 200 is attached to thetablet PC 100, the user can recognize the position of each of theSECURITY/TABLET buttons 1110 and press it with a good operability.Furthermore, by this housing protective cover 200 being attached to thetablet PC 100, each of the SECURITY/TABLET buttons 1110 can be protectedfrom dust and moisture.
FIG. 14 is an external perspective view of a docking station 300 when itis seen from obliquely upward on the front side.
The docking station 300 shown in FIG. 14 detachably holds the tablet PC100 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, and it is a connectingdevice for intermediating signal input/output between the tablet PC 100and an external device not shown.
This docking station 300 is provided with a base portion 310, a supportplate 320, a connector 330 and a guide member 340.
The base portion 310 is provided with two USB connectors 311 and 312 towhich a USB cable not shown is to be connected.
FIG. 15 is an external perspective view of the docking station 300longitudinally holding the tablet PC 100 when it is seen from obliquelyupward on the front side. FIG. 16 is an external perspective view of thedocking station 300 during a process of transition from the state oflongitudinally holding the tablet PC 100 to the state of laterallyholding it when it is seen from obliquely upward on the front side. FIG.17 is an external perspective view of the docking station 300 laterallyholding the tablet PC 100 when it is seen from obliquely upward on thefront side.
As shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, the support plate 320 is coupled with thebase portion 310 in a manner that it can freely turn around theperpendicular line to a front surface 320 a of this support plate 320.
Therefore, when the tablet PC 100 the display screen 120 of which can beused in both longitudinal and lateral directions is attached to thedocking station 300, the user can select the direction of the supportplate 320 according to the direction of the whole image displayed on thedisplay screen 120, which is very convenient.
FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view along a line D-D in FIG. 14.
As shown in FIG. 14, the connector 330 is arranged on the front surface320 a of the support plate 320, and the docking station connector 1151arranged on the back surface 115 of the tablet PC 100 shown in FIG. 7 isconnected thereto. As shown in FIG. 18, the back surfaces 330 a on bothsides of the connector 330 are formed in a mountain shape and embeddedin the support plate 320 with an elastic member 350 arranged betweenthem. Thereby, the connector 330 is arranged on the support plate 320 ina manner that it can freely tilt in the same direction as the turningdirection of the tablet PC 100 guided by the guide member 340 to bedescribed later.
Thus, since the freedom of connection between the connector 330 which isthe docking-station-side connector and the docking station connector1151 which is the-tablet-PC-side connector is high, the connection canbe smoothly performed.
The base portion 310 is provided with the USB connectors 311 and 312 tomake it possible to connect external devices to the USB connectors 311and 312 via USB cables in advance. Thereby, the necessity of directlyattaching or detaching the external device to or from the tablet PC 100at each time of switching between the use of the tablet PC 100 on a deskand the use while carrying the tablet PC 100 is eliminated, and thetablet PC 100 is connected to the external devices by being attached tothe docking station 300. Therefore, switching between the use of thetablet PC 100 on a desk and the use of the tablet PC 100 while carryingit can be easily performed, which is very convenient.
FIG. 19 is an external perspective view showing the state of the guidemember 340 of the docking station 300 shown in FIG. 14 being turned whenit is seen from obliquely upward on the front side.
As shown in FIGS. 14 and 19, the guide member 340 is supported by alower end 321 of the support plate 320 in a manner that it can freelyturn in the direction of moving close to and away from the support plate320 with this lower end 321 as an axis. The guide member 340 has anengage portion 341 to be engaged with the recess 1138 (see FIG. 6)provided on the left side surface 112 c (see FIG. 6) of the tablet PC100.
FIG. 20 is an external perspective view showing a separated state. FIG.21 is an external perspective view showing the state of transition fromthe separated state to an attached state. FIG. 22 is an externalperspective view of an electronic apparatus system 3000 in the attachedstate.
As shown in FIGS. 20 to 22, when the tablet PC 100 is attached, theguide member 340 is in contact with both of a part of the lower endsurface of this tablet PC 100 and a part of the back surface 115 thereofand turns together with the tablet PC 100. The guide member 340 guidesthe turn of the tablet PC 100 between the position of the attached statein which the back surface 115 of the tablet PC 100 is in contact withthe front surface 320 a of the support plate 320 and the docking stationconnector 1151 on the back surface 115 of the tablet PC 100 is connectedto the connector 330 and the position of the separated state in whichthe back surface 115 of the tablet PC 100 is away from the front surface320 a of the support plate 320 and the docking station connector 1151 ofthe back surface 115 on the tablet PC 100 is away from the connector330.
Thus, the tablet PC 100 is certainly positioned relative to the guidemember 340.
The guide member 340 is formed to surround the circumference of thesupport plate 320. Therefore, the area of the guide member 340 being incontact with the back surface 115 of the tablet PC 100 is large, and theguide member 340 can steadily guide the turn of the tablet PC 100.
FIG. 23 is an external perspective view of a stand 400 in a folded statewhen it is seen from obliquely upward on the front side. FIG. 24 is anexternal perspective view of the stand 400 in a developed state when itis seen from obliquely upward on the front side.
The stand 400 shown in FIGS. 23 and 24 is a simplified stand againstwhich the tablet PC 100 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 is tobe stood.
As shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, this stand 400 is provided with a baseplate 410, a back surface support plate 420, a brace plate 430, and afront surface support plate 440.
The base plate 410 is flatly placed, for example, on a desk. In thestand 400, since this base plate 410 has a concavo-convex shape whichlaterally extends and longitudinally repeats, and a back end edge 432 ofa brace plate 430 to be described later is accepted by a recess 410 a ofthe concavo-convex shape.
A front end edge 421 of the back surface support plate 420 is supportedby the base plate 410 in a manner that it can turn around a hinge 412which laterally extends at a position behind a front end edge 411 of thebase plate 410. The back surface support plate 420 can be freely turnedbetween the position of a flatly placed state in which it is flatlyplaced on the base plate 410 and the positions of multiple raised statesin which it is raised obliquely from the base plate 410, and it supportsthe back surface 115 of the tablet PC 100 while it is in the raisedstate. Furthermore, the back surface support plate 420 has an opening420 a in which the brace plate 430 to be described later is fittedduring the flatly placed state.
Thus, the stand 400 is prevented from taking a lot of space when theback surface support plate 420 is folded, and the user can carry thestand 400 compactly.
A front end edge 431 of the brace plate 430 is supported by the backsurface support plate 420 in a manner that it can freely turn around anaxis when the back surface support plate 420 is in the flatly placedstate, and the brace plate 430 is formed to be fit in the opening 420 aformed in the back surface support plate 420. When the back surfacesupport plate 420 is in the flatly placed state, the brace plate 430 isflatly overlapped with the back surface support plate 420 and the baseplate 410. When the back surface support plate 420 is in the raisedstate, the brace plate 430 intervenes between the back surface supportplate 420 and the base plate 410 by turning and making its back end edge432 in contact with a recess 410 a of the concavo-convex shape formed onthe base plate 410 and supports the back surface support plate 420 inthe state of being raised against the base plate 410.
Thus, by selecting any recess 410 a of the concavo-convex shape and thenmaking the back end edge 432 in contact with the recess 410 a to adjustthe raised angle, the brace plate 430 can support the back surfacesupport plate 420 with a desired raised angle. Therefore, the user canraise the display screen 120 of the tablet PC 100 which can be stood, byan angle which enables him to easily see the display screen 120 andperform an input operation with the dedicated pen 130, which is veryconvenient.
The front surface support plate 440 is arranged between the front endedge 411 of the base plate 410 and the front end edge 421 of the backsurface support plate 420. The front surface support plate 440, thefront end edge 441 of which is supported by the base plate 410 so as toturn around the axis along the front end edge 411 of the base plate 410,turns between the position of the flatly placed state in which it isflatly placed on the base plate 410 and the position of the raised statein which it is raised from the base plate 410 by a predetermined angle.When the front surface support plate 440 is in the raised state, a backend edge 442 of the front surface support plate 440 is in contact withthe lower part of the front surface of the tablet PC 100 the backsurface 115 of which is supported by the back surface support plate 420in the raised state, and thereby the front surface support plate 440supports the lower part of the front surface of the tablet PC 100. Thefront surface support plate 440 has a through hole 450 for fixing thestand 400 under a keyboard 500 to be described later.
According to the stand 400, each of the base plate 410, the back surfacesupport plate 420, the brace plate 430 and the front surface supportplate 440, which are the components of this stand, is flatly overlappedwith the base plate when this stand is folded, and thereby, the stand400 is prevented from taking a lot of space and exhibits an excellentportability.
FIG. 25 is an external perspective view of a keyboard 500 when it isseen from obliquely upward on the front side.
The keyboard 500 shown in FIG. 25 is a wireless keyboard on whichoperation keys 510 are arrayed at the front and which wirelessly sendsto the tablet PC 100 key input information accompanying a key operation.
FIG. 26 is an external perspective view showing the state of the stand400 being fixed under the keyboard 500 shown in FIG. 25 with a screw 600when it is seen from obliquely upward on the back side.
As shown in FIG. 26, the keyboard 500 is provided with a screw hole 520on its back surface. The stand 400 described with reference to FIGS. 23and 24 can be fixed under the keyboard 500 with the use of the screwhole 520 of the keyboard 500.
Thus, it is possible to prevent the stand 400 from taking a lot of spaceand secure a high portability even when it is carried together with thekeyboard 500.
FIG. 27 is an external perspective view showing the state of thekeyboard 500 shown in FIG. 26 being used together with the electronicapparatus system 3000 with the tablet PC 100 attached to the dockingstation 300 when it is seen from obliquely upward on the front side.
in the use state in which the electronic apparatus system 3000 with thetablet PC 100 attached to the docking station 300, which has beendescribed with reference to FIGS. 14 to 22, is used together with thekeyboard 500 with the stand 400 fixed thereunder, the user can operatethe keyboard 500 with the stand 400 stored thereunder without feelinguncomfortable because the keyboard 500 and the stand 400 are preventedfrom taking a lot of space even when the stand 400 is stored under thekeyboard 500 as described above.
FIG. 28 is an external perspective view showing the state of a processof taking out the back surface support plate 420 of the stand 400 shownin FIG. 26 from under the keyboard 500 when it is seen from obliquelyupward on the front side. FIG. 29 is an external perspective viewshowing the state shown in FIG. 28 when it is seen from obliquely upwardon the back side. FIG. 30 is an external perspective view showing a usestate in which the back surface support plate 420 of the stand 400 shownin FIG. 26 has been taken out from under the keyboard 500 when it isseen from obliquely upward on the front side. FIG. 31 is an externalperspective view showing the use state shown in FIG. 30 when it is seenfrom obliquely upward on the back side. FIG. 32 is an externalperspective view showing the use state shown in FIG. 30 with the backsurface support plate 420 raised and supported when it is seen fromobliquely upward on the front side.
As shown in FIGS. 28 to 32, the stand 400 has the through hole 450 whichenables the stand 400 to turn between the position of the storage statein which the stand 400 is stored under the keyboard 500 with the screw600 loosened and the position of the use state in which the front endedge 411 of the base plate 410 is left under the keyboard 500 and theback surface support plate 420 is taken out from under the keyboard 500.
FIG. 33 is an external perspective view of an electronic apparatussystem 4000 with the tablet PC 100 stood against the stand 400 shown inFIG. 32 when it is seen from obliquely upward on the front side.
Since the stand 400 fixed under the keyboard 500 with the screw 600 hasthe through hole 450 which enables the stand 400 to turn between theposition of the storage state and the position of the use state when thescrew 600 is loosened, it is possible to easily take out the backsurface support plate 420 of the stand 400 from under the keyboard 500as necessary, which is very convenient. By raising the back surfacesupport plate 420 taken out from the keyboard 500 and supporting it inthe raised state, the tablet PC 100 can be stood against it. The lowerpart of the front surface of the tablet PC 100 stood against the stand400 is supported by the back end edge of the keyboard 500 which is incontact therewith, and thereby, the user can use the tablet PC 100 as anotebook computer. Furthermore, since the keyboard 500 is a wirelesskeyboard, the user can perform a key input operation without wiredlyconnecting the keyboard 500 and the tablet PC 100, by supporting theback surface support plate 420 of the stand 400 in the raised state andsimply standing the tablet PC 100 against the stand 400, which is veryconvenient.
Though, in the above embodiment, description has been made on a tabletPC as an example of an electronic apparatus, the electronic apparatus isnot limited to the tablet PC, and a palm-sized type electronic apparatuswith a limited processing power is also possible.
Though, in the above embodiment, description has been made on a detectorwhich detects both of scroll information corresponding to a slidingoperation with a finger by an operator and scroll informationcorresponding to a sliding operation with a pen by an operator, thedetector is not limited thereto, and any detector that detects scrollinformation corresponding to a sliding operation by an operator may beused.
Though, in the above embodiment, description has been made on adetectors to be arranged at both of a part where the groove of thegroove part longitudinally extends and a part where the groove of thegroove part laterally extends and arranged near at least one corner ofthe four corners of the display screen, as an example, this is notlimiting, and the detector may be arranged at any position of the groovepart.
Though, in the above embodiment, description has been made on an examplein which the brace plate of the stand is supported by the back surfacesupport plate in a manner that it can freely turn around an axis, thebrace plate is not limited thereto, and any brace plate is possible thatis supported by any one of the back surface support plate and the baseplate in a manner that it can freely turn around an axis.
Though, in the above embodiment, description has been made on an examplein which the base plate of the stand has a concavo-convex shape whichlaterally extends and longitudinally repeats so that the back end edgeof the brace plate is accepted by a recess of the concavo-convex shape,the base plate is not limited thereto, and any base plate is possiblethat has support parts supporting the back end edge of the brace plateat multiple positions in the longitudinal direction.
Though, in the above embodiment, description has been made on such astand that the back surface support plate has an opening and the braceplate is fit in the opening when it is flatly placed, as an example, thestand is not limited thereto, and any stand is possible if the backsurface support plate and the brace plate are prevented from beingoverlapped with each other so that both of the flatly placed backsurface support plate and the brace plate are arranged directly on thebase plate.
Though, in the above embodiment, description has been made on an examplein which the keyboard is a wireless keyboard, the keyboard is notlimited thereto, and any kind of keyboard is possible.
Although a few preferred embodiments of the present invention have beenshown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the artthat changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from theprinciples and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined inthe claims and their equivalents.
1. A connecting device for detachably holding an electronic apparatusand serving as an interface for a signal input/output between theelectronic apparatus and at least one external device, the electronicapparatus having a housing formed in a plate shape, a display screenprovided on a front surface of the housing and a signal input/outputterminal provided on a back surface of the housing, the connectingdevice comprising: a base portion; a support plate coupled with the baseportion; a connector that can be provided on the surface of the supportplate and to which the signal input/output terminal is connected; and aguide member that is supported by the lower end of the support plate soas to freely turn in the direction of moving close to and away from thesupport plate with the lower end as the axis and that is in contact withboth of a part of the lower end surface and a part of the back surfaceof the electronic apparatus when the electronic apparatus is attached,the guide member turning together with the electronic apparatus andguiding the turn of the electronic apparatus between the position of anattached state in which the back surface of the electronic apparatus isin contact with the surface of the support plate and the signalinput/output terminal on the back surface of the electronic apparatus isconnected to the connector and the position of a separated state inwhich the back surface of the electronic apparatus is away from thesurface of the support plate and the signal input/output terminal on theback surface of the electronic apparatus is away from the connector;wherein the connector is tiltable in the same direction as the turndirection of the electronic apparatus guided by the guide member.
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github_open_source_100_1_533 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | require 'ostruct'
module Functional
describe ValueStruct do
context 'instanciation' do
specify 'raises an exception when no arguments given' do
expect {
ValueStruct.new
}.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
end
specify 'with a hash sets fields using has values' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
expect(subject.foo).to eq 1
expect(subject.bar).to eq :two
expect(subject.baz).to eq 'three'
end
specify 'with a hash creates true predicates for has keys' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
expect(subject.foo?).to be true
expect(subject.bar?).to be true
expect(subject.baz?).to be true
end
specify 'can be created from any object that responds to #each_pair' do
clazz = Class.new do
def each_pair(&block)
{answer: 42, harmless: 'mostly'}.each_pair(&block)
end
end
struct = clazz.new
subject = ValueStruct.new(struct)
expect(subject.answer).to eq 42
expect(subject.harmless).to eq 'mostly'
end
specify 'raises an exception if given a non-hash argument' do
expect {
ValueStruct.new(:bogus)
}.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
end
end
context 'set fields' do
subject { ValueStruct.new(foo: 42, bar: "Don't Panic") }
specify 'have a reader which returns the value' do
expect(subject.foo).to eq 42
expect(subject.bar).to eq "Don't Panic"
end
specify 'have a predicate which returns true' do
expect(subject.foo?).to be true
expect(subject.bar?).to be true
end
end
context 'unset fields' do
subject { ValueStruct.new(foo: 42, bar: "Don't Panic") }
specify 'have a magic predicate that always returns false' do
expect(subject.baz?).to be false
end
end
context 'accessors' do
let!(:field_value_pairs) { {foo: 1, bar: :two, baz: 'three'} }
subject { ValueStruct.new(field_value_pairs) }
specify '#get returns the value of a set field' do
expect(subject.get(:foo)).to eq 1
end
specify '#get returns nil for an unset field' do
expect(subject.get(:bogus)).to be nil
end
specify '#[] is an alias for #get' do
expect(subject[:foo]).to eq 1
expect(subject[:bogus]).to be nil
end
specify '#set? returns false for an unset field' do
expect(subject.set?(:harmless)).to be false
end
specify '#set? returns true for a field that has been set' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(harmless: 'mostly')
expect(subject.set?(:harmless)).to be true
end
specify '#fetch gets the value of a set field' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(harmless: 'mostly')
expect(subject.fetch(:harmless, 'extremely')).to eq 'mostly'
end
specify '#fetch returns the given value when the field is unset' do
expect(subject.fetch(:harmless, 'extremely')).to eq 'extremely'
end
specify '#fetch does not set an unset field' do
subject.fetch(:answer, 42)
expect {
subject.answer
}.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
end
specify '#to_h returns the key/value pairs for all set values' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(field_value_pairs)
expect(subject.to_h).to eq field_value_pairs
expect(subject.to_h).to_not be_frozen
end
specify '#each_pair returns an Enumerable when no block given' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(field_value_pairs)
expect(subject.each_pair).to be_a Enumerable
end
specify '#each_pair enumerates over each field/value pair' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(field_value_pairs)
result = {}
subject.each_pair do |field, value|
result[field] = value
end
expect(result).to eq field_value_pairs
end
end
context 'reflection' do
specify '#eql? returns true when both define the same fields with the same values' do
first = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
second = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
expect(first.eql?(second)).to be true
expect(first == second).to be true
end
specify '#eql? returns false when other has different fields defined' do
first = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
second = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two)
expect(first.eql?(second)).to be false
expect(first == second).to be false
end
specify '#eql? returns false when other has different field values' do
first = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
second = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 3)
expect(first.eql?(second)).to be false
expect(first == second).to be false
end
specify '#eql? returns false when other is not a ValueStruct' do
attributes = {answer: 42, harmless: 'mostly'}
clazz = Class.new do
def to_h; {answer: 42, harmless: 'mostly'}; end
end
other = clazz.new
subject = ValueStruct.new(attributes)
expect(subject.eql?(other)).to be false
expect(subject == other).to be false
end
specify '#inspect begins with the class name' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
expect(subject.inspect).to match(/^#<#{described_class}\s+/)
end
specify '#inspect includes all field/value pairs' do
field_value_pairs = {foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three'}
subject = ValueStruct.new(field_value_pairs)
field_value_pairs.each do |field, value|
expect(subject.inspect).to match(/:#{field}=>"?:?#{value}"?/)
end
end
specify '#to_s returns the same value as #inspect' do
subject = ValueStruct.new(foo: 1, 'bar' => :two, baz: 'three')
expect(subject.to_s).to eq subject.inspect
end
end
end
end
|
github_open_source_100_1_534 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | import Path from '@joemaddalone/path';
import dagSetup from './dagSetup';
const dag = dagSetup();
const dagTwoPaths = () => {
const createNodes = (nodes) => {
const p = new Path();
nodes.forEach(({ width, height, x, y }) => {
p.M(x - width / 2, y - height / 2)
.right(width)
.down(height)
.left(width)
.up(height);
});
p.stroke('red');
return p.toElement();
};
const createConnectors = (edges) => {
const p = new Path();
edges.forEach(({ points, x, y }) => {
const m = points.shift();
p.M(m.x, m.y);
points.forEach((point) => p.L(point.x, point.y));
});
p.stroke('#222');
return p.toElement();
};
return {
nodes: createNodes(dag.nodes),
connectors: createConnectors(dag.edges),
w: dag.graph.width,
h: dag.graph.height,
};
};
export default dagTwoPaths;
|
obrasineditas00osgoog_339 | Portuguese-PD | Public Domain | O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. O livro sobreviveu tempo suficiente para que os direitos autorais expirassem e ele se tornasse então parte do domínio público. Um livro de domínio público é aquele que nunca esteve sujeito a direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais ou cujos direitos autorais expiraram. A condicião de domínio público de um livro pode variar de país para país. Os livros de domínio público são as nossas portas de acesso ao passado e representam um grande riqueza histórica, cultural e de conhecimentos, normalmente difíceis de serem descobertos. As marcas, observações e outras notas nas margens do volume original aparecerão neste arquivo um reflexo da longa jornada pela qual o livro passou: do editor à biblioteca, e finalmente até você. Diretrizes de uso O Google se orgulha de realizar parcerias com bibliotecas para digitalizar materia de domínio público e torná-los amplamente acessíveis. Os livros de domínio público pertévemos ao público, e nós meramente os preservamos. No entanto, esse trabalho é dispendioso; sendo asim, para continuar a oferecer este recurso, formulamos algumas etapas. Visando evitar o abuso por partes comerciais, incluindo o establecimento de restricciones técnicas nas consultas automatizadas. Pedimos que você: • Faça somente uso não comercial dos arquivos. A Pesquisa de Livros do Google foi projetada para uso individuíil, e nós solicitamos que você use estes arquivos para fines pessoais e não comerciais. • Evite consultas automatizadas. Não envie consultas automatizadas de qualquer espécie ao sistema do Google. Se você estiver realizando pesquisas sobre tradução automática, reconhecimento ótico de caracteres ou outras áreas para as quêus o acesso a uma grande quantidade de texto for útil, entre em contato conosco. Incentivamos o uso de materiais de domínio público para esses fins e talvez possamos ajudar. • Mantenha a atribuição. |
github_open_source_100_1_535 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package com.getirkit.example.activity;
import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.text.SpannableStringBuilder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.getirkit.example.R;
import com.getirkit.example.activity.DBManager.IRkitDBManager;
import com.getirkit.example.activity.datatable.DTableINFRARED;
import com.getirkit.example.activity.datatable.DTableWIFI;
import com.getirkit.example.admin.Admin;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* Created by 健太 on 2017/07/05.
*/
public class WifiConf extends AppCompatActivity {
int item;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_wifi_conf);
//db
IRkitDBManager dbwifi = new IRkitDBManager(getApplicationContext());
ArrayList<DTableINFRARED> infrailst = new ArrayList<DTableINFRARED>();
ArrayList<DTableWIFI> wifilst = new ArrayList<DTableWIFI>();
infrailst = dbwifi.selectAllINFRARED();
wifilst = dbwifi.selectAllWIFI();
// ボタンを設定
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button7);
Button button2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.settingbtn);
final EditText edit = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText);
// 赤外線送信
// Admin admin = new Admin();
// admin.Transmission(item);
for (DTableWIFI wifi: wifilst
) {
edit.setText(wifi.getWIFISSID());
// admin.Transmission((int)wifi.getREDID());
}
//プルダウンメニュー
Spinner spinner;
ArrayList<String> spinnerItems = new ArrayList<>();
for (DTableINFRARED infra: infrailst
) {
spinnerItems.add(infra.getREDPATTERN());
}
spinner = (Spinner)findViewById(R.id.spinner);
// ArrayAdapter
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter
= new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,spinnerItems);
adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
// spinner に adapter をセット
spinner.setAdapter(adapter);
// リスナーを登録
spinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
// アイテムが選択された時
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Spinner spinner = (Spinner) parent;
item = spinner.getSelectedItemPosition();
//赤外線送信
//Admin admin = new Admin();
//admin.Transmission(item);
// String TAG = "Wifi";
// Log.d(TAG,""+item);
}
// アイテムが選択されなかった
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {
//
}
});
// wifiボタン
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
getwifissid();
}
});
// 設定終了ボタン
button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
IRkitDBManager dbwifi = new IRkitDBManager(getApplicationContext());
//WifSSID情報保存
SpannableStringBuilder sb = (SpannableStringBuilder)edit.getText();
String wifissid = sb.toString();
Log.d("SSID:",wifissid);
int posion = item;
dbwifi.insertWIFI(posion,wifissid);
}
});
}
public void getwifissid()
{
try {
//MainActivity main = new MainActivity();
Admin admin = new Admin();
//String fr = "foreststarwars";
WifiManager wifiManager = (WifiManager) getApplicationContext().getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE);
WifiInfo w_info = wifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
EditText editText1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText);
editText1.setText(w_info.getSSID().replace("\"", ""));
//String wifi = w_info.getSSID();
/*if (fr.equals(w_info.getSSID().replace("\"", ""))){
//main.onSelectSignalActionSend();
// admin.Transmission();
}else{
editText1.setText("dame");
}*/
//Toast.makeText(this, w_info.getSSID(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
// エラー表示
Toast.makeText(WifiConf.this,
"ActivityNotFoundException", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_536 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | namespace FlappyBird
{
/// <summary>
/// 界面编号（对应界面配置表上的界面编号。
/// </summary>
public enum UIFormId
{
Undefined = 0,
/// <summary>
/// 菜单界面
/// </summary>
MenuForm = 1,
/// <summary>
/// 设置界面
/// </summary>
SettingForm = 2,
/// <summary>
/// 结算界面
/// </summary>
ScoreForm = 3,
/// <summary>
/// 游戏结束界面
/// </summary>
GameOverForm = 4
}
}
|
sn89053729_1913-02-19_1_7_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | The GEO OGHAMS magazime page Betty in Her Various Moods Jessie's "Wisdom" Little Bobbie's Pa By the time I left, Ma said, "I was telling him that I was getting. I left. Ma said, "I don't count them, Mr. Bounts them is the pop of the night." K A man in Troy, NY, said, "I thought that I was going to commit suicide but I thought in my mind that I should die." I tried to try with Venus de Meili. He was sun sonn f. mixocl ip. soul Alt. - silg into sum of books & see how sit: o <it Advice to the Lovelorn By Beatrice Fairfax Professor should apologize. Mis- I 1 \ age and In love BB of the same age. RH we had. ;• littb BB -•m-. then he has not to What BB i i Hi'■ v> in i co not say if th::' is i~ you, don't, in... B <iy that looks as it BB forgives DON'T DO IT. ■ te. Mi . r, ■ Is I'topvl- BB a'-utloniau fri"T"i a ~ - ■ILS WHO ARE I PALE, NERVOUS ■May Find Help in Mrs. El- | ston s Letter About Her Daughter. 1 " wa :~“ Lydia E. Pink- Bpo-.-lif' * om P uun d has cured nmy daughter of ; weakness. She was troubled almost a i ye a r with it and complained of back i ache, so that! thought she would be an invalid. She i was entirely run * down, pale, nervous and without appe tite. [w a s very I J? I ~ ' ■ ’ much discouraged ti "‘ ( 1 ' : dia E. Piukham's Vege ■t.tj,. ■ ■* through friends and . r : ’ '* because it has cured my Mrs. F. M. Elston, It. D. ‘'ngton. lowa. s \nothrr Girl. ■> . ' bnn. —“I used to be both if i-.- '?' spells, and would < ry •«;»>." ra n , ' ?ns ’ t< ' Tn "‘- 1 fr ° t aw * r, e a “? s i”'ds especially in the mom fed ? 1 ar, P'‘tite was poor. I also 'Hrh r P' a(,p in my right side » sr ; ■"'* '•'•hen 1 did any hard •tab, f , '•.•.dia E. Pinkham’s Veg- fe-r-.r'J"?" 1 11' 1 m y symptoms all 71.'. . i,: ' 1 arn certainly feeling vorran , , " lnenf j>t t” every suffering rl. You may use this let r-.- \ ■ others. Miss Ella ' 'b 't.. Virginia, Minn. Is. Heed This Advice. are troubled with painful or 'I 'backache, headache, ' sensations. 'depression s' 'of the stomach immediately U i i, 'health by taking ■<m «getable Compound. price that some girls would spend on Yes, said Pa, that sounds natural — "let us dig." I am beginning to dig a reddy, Pa sed. How much is the whole smear going to be? sed Pa. Naim the price & let me go in the library after I have settled things, so I can read my old favorites, the lives of the martyrs. Poor old boys, sed Pa. What poor old boys? sed Ma. The martyrs, Pa sed. Wuddent it have been terrible if one of them martyrs had to be married besides? Oh, you presbyter old honeybug. sed Ma. you always have to have your little joak, do not you. Deer me, how smooth & nice your cheeks is to-nite. Did the nice barber give you a nice shave? No. sed Pa. the bad barber gala me a bad shave. Oh, what a bad barber it was, to give you a bad shave, sed Ma. What shall we do to the bad barber? Just to think that he would give my honey bug a bad shave. But he combed your deer trees butiful, dident he? sed Ma. He combed them rotten. and Pa. I had to talk the emab cut of his hand, he came to them over myself. Oh, the awful man, said Ma. How could he comb your beautiful locks wrong? Will, said Pi, "I must as well mail this a short story as a long one. How many do you want for your clothes?" Present first, although he has not given anything yet. He has asked for a present, and has even gone so far as to tell me what to get him. He is far away. I have been keeping company with him more than eight months and I love him dearly. S. H. He is either very thoughtless or mercenary. I don't give him a present until you are writing, and then good taste demands that it be very expensive. IF YOUR MOTHER APPROVES. Dear Alis-Fay: I am now in low with a fellow a few years my senior. I do not know this fellow very well. I have never been out with air, but he has always taken care of me. I would like him to read on me some evening. Should I ask him to come? I have to ask him to come. I have to ask him to come. There would be no impropriety in asking him to call if you know him well enough, but your own qualifications are slight. I think you should consult your mother. IGNORE HIM. Dear A!iss I’.iirfax While working I becanu inter ested in a genti -man employed by the same firm. We quarreled, but before I left I 1 'sitioti he asked whether I < are 'or him. 1 told him I disliked him. rich is really the Hi . liowevi r. read your advice and found "in- li.ii resembled our cast- in all facts, with the • xi- ption that toi l young lady oml th<- er i tieman lb t out and dclivere< , it tn one of my gi-’ friends, in structing Iler to toil m- "taut I tie- d not ti 11 him again I di-iik'd him. ‘■lm l bo is i imv.ii' id to tin , . om. ary." My gii Ifi ii n■! t< a.ti >.>■ ami a • I am not the a it r ■ naturally i nuts us in all < ibnrr.i .ng l-os.- I iim. H. ~ sii.i I I t 1 oat him ami r.l at can I do in the : latter'.' .mxxii: ll' \ ■ ■ leu t • - ■: •• i io i has 11. You can no walling ini’, ignore him. 1 >i.'ii t you ii'iu: "I that she teases you. and t'uoi I' l euro | ' her of all desire. LET THE OTHER GIRL riAvu HIM. I I lea. M IS l-.iit lux I am a girl of nineteen and In i love with a man of thirty-five and , have li. .-ti going v ith him for -wo | I months Even time he takes nn out ll' say s th.ll hi likes me, bir lines not say that he loves me. There is another girl, after him and he tells me he does not like her, but my friend said she saw him with her. He has not taken me out in a long time, and I do not know what is the matter. My friend does not like him because he is in the mood or in the mood. I do not like him because he is in the mood or in the mood. And the greatest study of mankind is woman, and here are some of the Bettys in their varied moods and expressions. There is the demure Betty with the Lenten expression. She is adorable and adored and while she does not seek to attract the study and attention of mankind, there should be great disappointment in her heart were she to go unnoticed. There is the frolicsome Broadway Betty, frankly seeking to attract attention. She is happiest when she is in the limelight. The unreadable, winsome, inscrutable Betty lures with her beauty and seems more to study than to be studied by him. She is a wise little lady, and if she would only consent to interpret for us the light of knowledge that lies just behind her eyes, how wise would we be! Then there is the tender Betty, so loving and human. She wins man's love and keeps it and the man she chooses is happy and seeks not to learn from any other page of womankind. The argyle case, Mystery and Adventure, by J. W. M. Conaughey. Written from the play of the same name, new being produced by Robert Hilliard at the Criterion theater, New York city. Copyright, 1912, by Journal-American-Examiner. TODAY'S INSTALLMENT. Instantly her whole manner and expression softened wonderfully and her eyes filled with tears. "Oh, yes yes!" she exclaimed, coming eagerly toward him. "If I only could!" Kayton nodded sympathetically. "I'll send someone with you as soon as I can," he said, "and arrange that you'll only be detained as a witness." He interrupted himself to send for Miss Mazurret and went on: "I'll see you in about a half hour, Mrs. Ma: t:n, and I want to talk the case over with you. You think I've treated you brutally. I have but it was the only way I could save you." Mother and Daughter. I? e w./mpi: s lip tremble ar.- her Lard I wont to Let- brea ' "If I could feel inytL ng at all. I'd I strike. v on," she -a?L uncertainly. "But I I'm dead--bere!" Kayton turned -n.« \i< to greet Ma-.- j Mazuret. I "I thought you >i like to.-a; goodbye t. Mrs Martin.'he suggested “Ob’." exclaimed the girl. “Shan't I see you again.' " "No" was the love., but emphatic response The girl held out her hand. "Goodbye." she said gently. The woman quickly seized the proffered hand and drew her close. "Goodbye." she said brokenly, and looked into the girl's eyes. "You're where I was twenty years ago. You have just the same possibilities for love and self-sacrifice. This man has you!" Kayton turned -j rich, blooming crimson and groped for something under his desk. As he groped he swore at it - whatever, under it. He was waiting to take, it was won. to lie. went on -.v• i*me. you'll give everything She held hand -re-o'd MORE NUTRITIOUS FOOD AT A LOWER PRICE Most People eat too much meat. It is the one big item in our high esteem of living. We go to this on an excess under the mistaken belief that it is necessary to nourish our bodies. You can get food more nutritious at one-tenth the cost by buying Faust Macaron. Faust Macaroni is mad from Durum Wheat, the real extract, finely rich in gluten, the bone, muscle, and lit skin builder. A large package of F.uest Macaroni contains milch milk, milch milk, and more. Wields 10 lbs free recipe. In the case of a large and healthy person, a small package of F.uest Macaroni contains milch milk, milch milk, and more. MAULL BROS St. Louis, Mo "Up-to-Date, 1913." by American-American University to her lips and gazed into the girl's face. "Well—what matter?" she said softly. Then suddenly releasing her, she turned abruptly and hastened out. "Who is she?" gasped the startled girl, Kayton coughed, and continued the search, now among the papers on his desk. "Poor soul!" he exclaimed, and his voice trembled, but not entirely from sympathy. "She had a daughter about your age - and lost her." "Oh," Miss Mazuret glanced toward the Up-to-Date Jokes. The modern Romeo helped his Juliet to descend from the yoke in the red balloon. "Dealest," he said, when she had climbed into the big motor, "shall we take away the tope ladder?" Just trip the Upper Winter was raised, and the old man leaned out. Just a moment later, the door was raised, and the old man leaned out. Where it is, young feller, who is accustomed to the task of getting his hands off, "I've got a right to get my hands off." During the rebellion, a yeoman, a captain rode up to a farmhouse to a rest one of the farmer's sons. But the boy, seeing him, pointing and guessing the errand, jumped off by a buck door. The yeoman, seeing this, bawled out to the father to stop him, and the poor father, with droll humor, called out: "Denny, ye vagabond, why don’t you come back and let the gentleman shoot you?" Excited Boy — Come on, quick! The old man is bathing the old woman again. Policeman — Why don’t she come here herself, if she wants to make a complaint, or have him arrested? "S! " is too busy. She's got into the habit of bumping his ad in the morning." Better Than Wealth is perfect health; but to enjoy good health it is necessary first to get rid of the minor ailments caused by defective or irregular action of the stomach, liver, kidneys and bowels,—all ailments which spoil life, dull pleasure, and make all sufferers feel tired or good for nothing. Blood Purifier (The Largest Sale of Any Medicine in the World) have proved themselves to be the best corrective or preventive of these troubles. They insure better feelings and those who rely upon them soon find themselves so brisk and strong they are better able to work and enjoy life. For that reason alone, Beecham's Pills are the Favorite Family Medicine. Sold everywhere. In Boston, the store offers the best and most reliable medicine for all ailments. After quickly. “Anything you want to do for Mrs. Martin you can always do through me," he said gently. There was a dull knocking in his ears that confused him until he realized that it was his own heart and that it was making this commotion because the girl resolutely refused to meet his eyes. That Urgent Case. "Thanks! — thanks!" she murmured confusedly. There was a silence. Kayton felt that if he didn't speak, he would shriek and run out in a moment. "Miss Mazuret, he said, and he seemed to have ridiculously little control of his voice, "the man who killed Mr. Brice has confessed. You're cleared up, Brice, and Brice is valued." (Laughter pause. "And now you can go home and forget all about this." Then there was a very long pause, and Kayton had to hold himself hard and keeping telling himself that in novel had any such idea, anyway. In the last the girl raised her eyes. They wore wide open, and gazed directly, bravely, into the telephone, and he could extricate them the telephone jangled. He seized her with a vicious look. "Well, what is he?" he snapped. "Oh, Chicago, be hanged! Joe, I'm not going. You come in here in about a half hour, say, an hour and I'll give you instructions. Take Cartwright with you, let's have got an urgent Case here.” "An urgent case,” suggested the girl anxiously. Yes," he said softly, and smiled, "ours!" THE EXH 'The Conspiracy,' a thrilling story of the war against the white slavers of New York will begin on this page tomorrow. It is a novelization of the play of the same name now running at the Garrick Theater, New York. Daysey Mayme and Her Folks By Frances L. Garside AN UNAPPRECIATED WIT. LYSANDER JOHN APPLETON remembered having heard the joke when he was a child sitting on his grandfather's knee, and all through the years it kept step with him, growing old and gray as he grew old and gray. It was never a good joke, which explains why it didn’t die young, and until Lyman John heard Daysey Mayme grow hysterical over it, he had never heard it cause a laugh. It had always been met, as we meet unpopular kind with a smile that was forced. She shook the bric-a-bib a, with her mirth, and became so hysterical her father came into the parlor to see what was the matter. There he found Lady Mayme faint with merriment, and opposite her sat a young man with a high collar — so high had he laughed he would have choked to death. He smiled in appreciation of his great wit as Daysey Mayme, stopping between every word to shriek with laughter, repeated the joke of her father. Lysander. John staggered from the room. To laugh like that at that: He liked a good joke. Indeed, he religiously refused to subscribe to any joke book lest his sense of humor be disturbed by inane imitations of jokes, yet his daughter was having hysterics over a joke so poor any editor of a joke book would have accepted it! "The next opportunity he has arises," he said to himself. "I will let loose my sense of humor. I will get off a joke that is one. I'll give her something to laugh at!" The opportunity came next evening when Chauncey Devore, in the innocence of his youth, asked his father if angels were men or women. He was Lynder John's banco. "Always men, my son." he replied. "But. I pa,” replied the boy, "I have never seen pictures of angels wearing whiskers." "Well," replied Lysander, taking off his glasses preparatory to laughing with his family at his wit, "it is only possible for men to become angels by a close shave." Highly delighted, he did not laugh at the motive that he laughed aloud. The question at his wife and daughter. "Quick relief for headaches," said the man, "Safe and sure, anti-ramma, and be convinced that all pain—headaches from any cause, extra brain fag, indigestion, grip, coryza, over-indulgence, and other ailments yield quickly to these wonderful pain remedies. Not at all, depend on the remedy, it's not at all necessary, but it's a miracle." Ask your druggist for any quantity or 10c and 25c bottles of Dr. Williams' Restorative. It's guaranteed to give satisfaction. If you can find a single bottle with a trial, your money will be refunded. William Tell, A.L. O. X. R. Co. By N. "Bunkley," he thought, "they didn't hear me." "I was telling Chauncey, as he said to his wife of his daughter, "that the reason there are no angels with whiskers is that it is only possible for men to become angels by a close shave." No reply, and not a sign of amusement. "It was original, too," he said in a grieved tone. Still no evidence that anyone heard. Then he went to his room and slammed the door. He kicked off his shoes in anger. Suddenly a great light dawned on his mind. "Ah," he said, "it isn't the fault of the joke; it is because no woman ever laughs at a married man's wit." Famous "Pint of Cough Syrup" Receipt No Better Bemedy at Any Price, Fully Guaranteed. Make a plain syrup by mixing or pint of granulated sugar and a pint of warm water and stir for two minutes. Put 2 ounces of pure Pinex (five cents' worth) in a pint bottle, and fill it up with the Sugar Syrup. This gives you a family supply of the best caution syrup at a saving of $2. It never spoils. Take a teaspoonful every one, two or three hours. The effectiveness of this simple remedy is surprising. It seems to take hold instantly, and will usually stop the most obstinate cough in 24 hours. It tones up the jaded appetite and is just laxative enough, to be helpful in a cough, and has a pleasing taste. Also excellent for bronchial trouble, throat tickle, sore lungs and asthma, and an unequaled remedy for whooping cough and croup. This recipe for making cough remedy with Pinex and Sugar Syrup (by strained honey) is a prime favorite in thousands of homes in the United States and Canada. The plan has been implemented, though never successfully. If you... Try it, use only genuine Pinex, which is the most valuable concentrated compound of Norway white pine extract, and is rich in guaiacol and all the natural healing, nine elements. Other preparations will not work in this recipe. A guarantee of absolute satisfaction, or money promptly refunded, goes with this recipe. Your druggist has Pinex for will get it for you. If not, send to The Pinex Co., Ft. Wayne, Ind. TETTER In incures tetter. Read with Mrs. V. P. McQuiddy, Estill Springs, 15 Term. says: I had a severe case of tetter on both hands and I finally got helpless. A leading physician knew of no cure. I decided to give Tetter a trial. To my utter surprise and satisfaction, it worked a speedy cure. Use Tetterine It cures eczema, tetter, erysipelas, itching piles, ground itch and all skin maladies. 50c at druggists or by mail. SHUPTRINE CO., SAVANNAH, GA Every Woman is interested and should know Marvel Whirling Spiny The new Vaginal Syringe. Most convenient. Ask for Dr. T. MARVEL, it no other It ends Tip for illustrated too large, full particulars to ladies. M. IRVEL CO., 48ast23d Street, New WILTON JELLICO COAL $5.00 Per Ton The Jellico Coal Co. 82 PEACHTREI SI BOTH PHONES 3865. |
github_open_source_100_1_537 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using System;
using NetRuntimeSystem = System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using NetOffice.Attributes;
namespace NetOffice.VBIDEApi
{
/// <summary>
/// DispatchInterface _VBProject
/// SupportByVersion VBIDE, 12,14,5.3
/// </summary>
[SupportByVersion("VBIDE", 12, 14, 5.3)]
[EntityType(EntityType.IsDispatchInterface), BaseType]
[TypeId("EEE00915-E393-11D1-BB03-00C04FB6C4A6")]
[CoClassSource(typeof(NetOffice.VBIDEApi.VBProject))]
public interface _VBProject : _VBProject_Old
{
#region Properties
/// <summary>
/// SupportByVersion VBIDE 12, 14, 5.3
/// Get
/// </summary>
[SupportByVersion("VBIDE", 12, 14, 5.3)]
NetOffice.VBIDEApi.Enums.vbext_ProjectType Type { get; }
/// <summary>
/// SupportByVersion VBIDE 12, 14, 5.3
/// Get
/// </summary>
[SupportByVersion("VBIDE", 12, 14, 5.3)]
string FileName { get; }
/// <summary>
/// SupportByVersion VBIDE 12, 14, 5.3
/// Get/Set
/// </summary>
[SupportByVersion("VBIDE", 12, 14, 5.3)]
string BuildFileName { get; }
#endregion
#region Methods
/// <summary>
/// SupportByVersion VBIDE 12, 14, 5.3
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">string fileName</param>
[SupportByVersion("VBIDE", 12, 14, 5.3)]
void SaveAs(string fileName);
/// <summary>
/// SupportByVersion VBIDE 12, 14, 5.3
/// </summary>
[SupportByVersion("VBIDE", 12, 14, 5.3)]
void MakeCompiledFile();
#endregion
}
}
|
whalebonewhales00allegoog_11 | English-PD | Public Domain | Form. — Compared with the Common Finback, the Blue Whale is longer of body but the head is differently shaped, with a broader muzzle, the sides of which are bowed outward instead of being nearly straight. A prominent ridge runs forward from the blowholes on the center of the snout. The pectoral fin is slightly longer in proportion and its outline charac- teristically different. Its outer margin is more convex, and its inner margin a long sigmoid curve, with more of a concavity near the tip. Frequently the tip is serrated as if the ends of the four fingers projected slightly at the margin of the paddle. This was seen in several cases at Newfoundland by True and by myself (see text-figs. 8, 9). Sars also mentions it. Sometimes this appearance may be present on but one side only. True beUeved that this irregular margin of the end of the pectorals was *'due in most cases to external injury." Certainly, however, it may be a perfectly normal occurrence, since a foetus from Newfoundland which I dissected, had a small notch at the tip of each pectoral, forming an emargination between the two longest digits (II and IV), as shown in outline in text-fig. 8.' The adipose fin at the lower part of the back is generally much smaller in proportion, than in the other Balaenopterae, nearly an equal-sided triangle in outline with a concave hinder margin. As in the Conunon Finback, the eye is behind and a Uttle above the angle of the mouth. The eyeball itself in a 71-foot animal was 5 inches in antero-posterior length and 4.5 inches in Digitized by Google 246 ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. vertical height according to True (1904, p. 175). The iris was brown and the pupil "oblong with a straight superior margin." The mammae are two in number as in other whales, concealed each in a longitudmal slit Text-figs. 8, 9. — Outlines of pectoral limbs of Blue Whales {Balaenopiera muaculua) showing emarginations between the fingers. 8. — From a foetal specimen (original). 9. — From a photograph of an adult at Placentia Bay, Newfoundland (original). opposite the vaginal opening. Rudimentary mammae are present in the male. The penis is ifetractile within the body, some six feet in length. Plicae. — The plicae or ridges and furrows of the ventral side, extend from the lower margin of the lips to the navel as in the Common Finback. Side branches come off irregularly, uniting adjacent ridges, and towards the posterior part of the thorax they run together, so that the number is much reduced there as compared with that on a line between the forelimbs. True found a variation of from 58 to 88 ridges between the roots of the pectorals in Newfound- land specimens, and this is apparently not correlated with size or sex. Color. — The general coloration is a slaty-gray, with a decidedly bluish cast, darker on the head, Ups, and throat, paler along the sides. The shoulders, back, and sides are irregularly mdttled with small grayish patches. Millais describes a freshly killed specimen as ''pale blue gray." The belly, including the area of the throat folds and thence posteriorly to the navel, has small scattered white marks of irregular shape, some larger, some smaller, but rather sharply outlined. These are usually most abundant at the lower part of the throat. In some speci- mens the white flecks extend forward even to the lips, but usually there are but few in front of the pectoral fins. True observed a few cases in which they were so niunerous under the root of the pectoral as to form a large white band extending backward toward the navel; in others they are confined to the posterior portion of the ventral folds, in the middle. There is great individual variation in these details. The dorsal fin is likewise more or less marked with Digitized by Google BLUE WHALE. 247 whitish over its central part. '' The pectorals are gray above and more or less distinctly mottled like the back. The under surface, anterior margin, and tip above and below are white" (True, 1904). The extent of the white tip on the outer siuiace may be as great as two feet. The flukes underneath are usually colored like the back, with, however, more or less of greyish streaks at the biase, nmning posteriorly. In some individuals the flukes are nearly white below, with the usual streaks of light gray. The inside of the mouth is black, the tongue slate gray. In life, the appearance of the back as it comes above water, is mouse color or elephant gray. After death, as in all whales, and with exposure to air, the colors of the body rapidly darken and eventually become quite black, so that unless freshly killed specimens are examined, it is diflBcult or impossible to judge of the true color of the animal. Hair. — As in other whales of this genus, hairs are present on the head only, and their number and arrangement are of a very definite nature. In a foetal Blue Whale from New- foundland, 630 nmi. long, I found on each side of the snout two distinct longitudinal rows running parallel to the edge of the upper lip. The inner row consists of nine single bristles, 10 11 Text-fig. 10. — Head of North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis) from above, to show narrow rostrum and divergent blowholes (from a photograph of the Provincetown 1909 specimen). Text-fiq. 11. — Head of a foetal Blue Whale {Balaetwptera muscvlvs) to show broad rostrum, slightly divergent blowholes, and the arrangement of the hairs (original). rather evenly spaced, the hindermost of which is just back of a line drawn across the posterior ends of the blowholes. The entire row forms a convex line that ends at the commencement of the terminal fourth of the upper jaw. The outer row contains but eight bristles, the two Digitized by Google 248 ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. posteriormost of which are close together, the three or four succeeding ones more widely spaced. The two hindermost bristles are much nearer the edge of the lip than the others, so that the row curves downward here, toward the corner of the mouth. Dh-ectly above these two bristles, and standing between the inner and the outer row is a single bristle (see diagram, text-fig. 11). On the upper surface of the snout there are thus eighteen hairs on each side. On the lower jaw there are again two rows of hairs on each side, but very differently placed. At the tip of the jaw are two vertical rows of mne bristles each, very close together in the foetus, but three inches apart in an adult and extending the height of the lip. The rows diverge somewhat dorsally but are parallel for the lower three-fifths. The second row is on the side of the lip, and consists of seven hairs, somewhat regularly spaced. The first hair of this row is back from the tip of the jaw at about the beginning of the second quarter of its length. In- stead of running parallel to the convex upper margin of the lip, this row of hairs forms a chord of the arc, on the line with the rami of the jaws. The Blue Whale has thus in all 68 of these large hairs, each of which comes from a promi- nent raised follicle. They correspond more or less in position to the vibrissae or 'whiskers' of other mammals, and probably have a tactile function. In adult whales- these hairs are sometimes absent, or at all events not easy to find. Possibly they become worn down or. may fall out with age. It will be seen that the arrangement of the hairs is similar to that in the Finback, but the Blue Whale has a sUghtly greater nimaber. In addition to these prominent vibrissal hairs, there are a number of small hairs at the point of the lower jaw, yellowish in color, and in a specimen I examined at Newfoundland, about fifty in number. Baleen. — The whalebone plates are larger and coarser than in any of the other Balaenop- terae. The longest measure from 23 to 32 inches in animals of about seventy feet or over (True), but the latter dimension is unusual. The bristles that fray out from the inner margin of the plates are very coarse and stiff, and like the blade itself are wholly coaJ black. The combination of black baleen including the bristles is characteristic of this species of Balaenop- tera. The only other species of the genus having black whalebone is B, borealis, but in this the bristles are very fine and white. Weight. — No attempt to measure accurately the weight of a Blue Whale seems ever to have been made. An approximation, however, has been attempted by Guldberg (1907) for this species, using the same method described under the Common Finback. By considering the body of the whale to resemble in shape a solid composed of two cones, a longer and a shorter of equal basal area, it is possible by a mathematical formula to calculate the volume of this soUd, and thus, by assiuning a specific gravity equal to that of water, to obtain the weight of such a body. To make this calculation, two measurements are needed: the total length in Digitized by Google BLUE WHALE. 249 a straight line and the gu1;h. These dimensions for t\^enty-one Blue Whales were obtained by Captain Berg, at an Icelandic whaling station and were used by Guldberg in his calculations. Of these twenty-one whales, the extremes of length were 61.5 and 84 feet, and the extremes of greatest girth 32 to 40; the averages of these dimensions were respectively 72.45 feet and 36.02. By applying these figures in the formula the weight of a 72-foot Blue Whale is found to approximate 73.8 tons or 73,800 kilograms. This, it must be remembered, is an approxi- mation only, as no account is taken of the large pectoral hmbs or of the flukes. Moreover the form of the body before and behind the point of greatest girth is not exactly that of a cone. Turner has independently estimated the weight of a Blue Whale at about seventy tons. Ac- cording to Andrews,^ a 76-foot Blue Whale from Newfoundland, of which the American Museum of Natural History has a life-size model, was said to weigh 63 tons. External Measurements. — The greatest length to which this species may attain is still a matter of some doubt. Measurements exceeding 100 feet have been recorded, and estimates of large individuals run as high as 132 feet. It is now agreed, however, that such figures are unreUable, or were taken in such a way as to exaggerate the true length. The best series of measurements extant is that given in True's monograph (1904, p. 153). Of twenty-five Blue Whales measured at Newfoundland, the largest was 77 feet 2 inches from the tip of the upper jaw to the notch of the flukes in a right Une. This is probably nearly a true maximum, but may be exceeded. Measurements from Norwegian stations run up to 87 feet 6.5 inches, but may have been taken in a different way. There is evidence that females may grow to a larger size than males, but the difference, at most, is slight, and might disappear with larger series. Thus of the ten males measured by Dr. True, foiur exceeded seventy feet, though the largest was but 72 feet 7 inches; while of the fifteen females, six were seventy feet long, four were over 73 feet, and the longest of all was 77 feet 2 inches, as above noted. Yet the average of the ten males and of the sixteen females is respectively 68 feet 3 inches and 68 feet 9 inches, a very trifling difference in such great creatures. The smallest female with a foetus (and so adult) that Dr. True measured, was 72 feet long. At the Norwegian stations. Cocks (1885) found that the largest of thirty-six females exceeded by 2 feet 6.5 inches the largest of an equal num- ber of males. No measurements of New England specimens are available, but the following, based on Dr. True's lists, indicate the proportions of an adult male and an adult female. As with the Finback, I have worked out the percentage of each dimension to the total length. The height of the dorsal fin is usually between 6 and 10 inches but in three cases out of twenty-four exceeded a foot by from 2 to 3.5 inches, thus nearly equalling the smallest meas- urements for adults of the Common Finback. The other measurements seem to vary but relatively little. ^ Amer. Museum Journal, 1914, vol. 14, p. 279. Digitized by Google 250 ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. External Measurement of Blue Whales {after True, 190J,). Newfoundland Newfoundland Newfoundland c? No. 18 9 No. 4 cT No. 10 Ft. In. Meters % Ft. Id. Meters % Ft. In. Meiers % Total length, snout to notch of flukes 72 2 22.1 100 73 6 22.40 100 72 7 22.12 100 Tip of snout to eye 16 4.98 22.0 16 3 4.95 22.1 15 3.5 4.65 21.0 « « « « blowhole (center) 13 8 4.17 18.8 " " " " posterior insertion of pectoral 25 3 7.70 34.7 25 6 7.77 34.7 25 5 7.75 35.01 Tip of snout to posterior base of dor- sal fin 55 11 17.04 77.0 56 10 17.32 77.3 Notch of flukes to anus 19 6 5.94 26.8 19 7 5.97 26.6 1 20 8 6.30 28.47 « « " " clitoris 21 9 6.63 29.5 u (1 « « penis (center of 1 1 orifice) 24 5 7.44 33.6 1 25 5 7.75 35.01 Length of pectoral from head of hu- merus 11 3.35 15.1 11 3.35 14.9 11 7 3.53 15.95 Length of pectoral from tip to poste- 1 rior insertion 7 5 2.26 10.2 7 7 2.31 10.2 1 7 10 2.39 10.79 Greatest breadth of pectoral 2 9 0.84 3.79 2 8 0.81 3.62 3 0.91 4.13 Height of dorsal fin 8.5 0.21 0.97 7.5 0.19 0.85; 10 0.25 1.14 Center of eye to center of ear opening 3 8.5 1.13 5.11 3 8 1.12 4.98; 3 10.5 1.18 5.33 Breadth across flukes 16 10 5.13 23.21 Length of longest whalebone 1 11 0.58 0.26 j 1 11 0.58 0.26 Musculature. — There is no complete account of the muscular system of the Blue Whale published, but it probably differs little from that of the Common Finback. A foetus of 630 mm. length that I dissected had the same rudimentary finger muscles as in that species (g. t;.), so that Struthers' account and figures would apply equally to both. The great superficial muscles are prominent in the foetus and are exposed by carefully removing the thin layer of blubber (2 mm. in thickness), to which they are attached by loose connective tissue. The more dorsal layer seems to correspond to a panniculics and extends as a thin sheet from a point midway between the eye and pectoral limb, back nearly to the anus. It does not reach the mid-line of the back, though thin fasciae extend from its upper edge nearly to the spine. Its lower border forms a line joining the axilla and the anus. On the region of the forearm it passes into a tendi- nous sheet that invests the upper part of the limb, but I did not discover a definite insertion. The entire ventral surface from the anus forward including the basal half of the jaws is covered by a continuous sheet of muscle whose fibers run transversely from the lower edge of the panniculus. It appears to represent the mylohyoid, A portion of this muscle is inserted just behind the eye and on a level with it. In an embryo of this size the longitudinal throat Digitized by Google PLATE 13. Fig. 1. Rudolphi's Rorqual ^alaenoptera borealis), A photograph of the specunen stranded at Chatham, Mass., in August, 1910. The whale lies on its right side, with back to the observer and though foreshortened, the figure shows in upper view the long and evenly tapering snout, the slit-like blowholes, one of the broad flukes, and (behind the right knee of the farther figure) the high dorsal fin. Fig. 2. Little Piked Whale (Bakienoplera acvJUHrogtrata), A view of the under side of the specimen ' captured at South Truro, Mass., June 25, 1910. The long throat folds are seen running back half way on the belly. The white band on the pectoral flippers, the white under surface of the flukes, the relative position of the anus and manunary slits are seen. Fig. 3. Blue Whale (Balaenoptera muscultul) in the act of spouting, seen from behind as the whale breaks water. Photographed by the writer from the deck of the whaling steamer Puma in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. Fig. 4. Common Finback Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) after spouting, showing the body arched as it slowly revolves out of the water and descends below the surface. Photographed by the writer in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. The whale is progressing from the right to the left hand of the picture. Fig. 5. Common Finback Whale about to disappear below the surface and showing the high dorsal fin, which passing forward (to the left) disappears as the body sinks. Photographed by the writer in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Memoirs Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 8, No. 2. Plate 13. m > 3 5 New England Whalebone Whales. HELIOTYPC CO., BOSTON Digitized by Google Digitized by Google BLUE WHALE. 251 grooves have not yet formed, but the muscle just described will eventually become the elastic, plaited bag of the throat. Skeleton. — The skeletal characters of the Blue Whale are still imperfectly known, and of American specimens there are very few measurements pubUshed. These relate chiefly to a New Jersey skeleton preserved in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. It will suffice to siunmarize the chief points that distinguish this species from the Common Finback. The most obvious pecuUarity of the skull is the relatively greater breadth of the rostrum, which, instead of being narrow and tapering is proportionally broader than in the Common Finback with convex outlines (Plate 11, fig. 3). Thus in the latter species the average breadth of the rostrum at the middle is about 19.6% of the length of the skull (True) while in the Blue Whale the breadth at this point is nearer 29%. The palatal bones are also broader, and the nasals are truncate across at their anterior end. In other respects the skull is much hke that of the Common Finback. The principal dimensions of the New Jersey skull are given by True as follows: — Ft. In. Meters Total length of skull, in a straight line 14 7.5 4.46 Greatest breadth at the squamosal region 7 3 2.21 Width of orbital process of frontal at distal end 11.5 0.29 Length of rostrum in a straight line 9 7.5 2.92 Breadth of rostrum at the middle, following curve 1 5.5 0.44 Length of lower jaw in a straight line 15 2 4.62 " « « « on the outside curve 17 1 5.28 Depth of mandible at the middle 1 1 0.33 Except for this specimen, no skull measiu'ements of the Blue Whale are available for American waters. The number of vertebrae is nearly the same as for the Common Finback, but the number of caudals is usually one or two more. Three foetuses dissected with care by Dr. True (1904, p. 182) at Newfoundland showed the following variation: CerncaU Dorsals Lumbars Caudals Total 1 7 16 15 27 64 2 7 15 14 28 65 3 7 15 16 26 65 These counts express about the usual variation and accord fairly with those published for adult European examples. The number of ribs is usually fifteen but occasionally is sixteen, and so few as fourteen are recorded in one case. The lumbars are from thirteen to sixteen, commonly fifteen, the caudals from twenty-six to twenty-eight. The total number of Digitized by Google 252 ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. vertebrae is usually 64, but varies one rnore or less than this. The neck vertebrae are nomiall}'' separate. The second and third ribs have well developed capitular processes, and the fourth has a smaller one, extending in toward the vertebral column. These are the vestiges of the heads of the ribs which in other mammals form the chief articulation with the centra of the vertebrae throughout the series. In the Balaenopterae this inner articulation has been lost and the ribs are loosely attached by their tubercles only, at the tips of the lateral processes of the verte- brae. In the skeleton at Ostend described by Dubar the first rib has two heads — as occa- sionally in the Common Finback. The sternum is probably subject to much the same variation as that of the latter species, though the few figured specimens are somewhat similar: namely a transverse plate, with a small protuberance at its front edge and a longer one behind that extends between the lower ends of the first pair of ribs. The scapula is fairly characteristic. Though in general much like that of the Common Finback, its upper outline is less flattened, making thus a more even arc. The acromion pro- cess is slightly larger, and expanded at the end. The coracoid process is decidedly thicker and nearly half the length of the acromion. The radius in the Blue Whale '*is remarkable for its breadth, and the ulna for its strong curvature" (True) as compared with these bones in the Common Finback. In the New Jersey specimen (GO feet long) the radius measured 32.5 inches (0.82 m.) in length and 10 inches (0.25 m.) in breadth at the distal end. The ulna was 34.5 (0.87 m.) long and 8 inches (0.20 m.) in breadth at the distal end. The number of phalangeal bones probably varies within slight limits. The gi'eatest number recorded is that given by True for a foetus he dissected, namely, 5, 8, 7, 4 for the respective digits. In six other specimens recorded by European authors, the variations are: 14; II 5 to 7, IV 5 to 7, V 3 to 4. The pelvic bones seem slightly more reduced than in the Common Finback, though of much the same general shape. Lonnberg (1910, p. 10) has figured one of the pelvic bones in a Blue Whale from the South Atlantic. He found no trace of the rudimentary femur, though on account of the immaturity of his specimen it is likely that it had not ossified. Dubar (1828) figures the pelvic bones of the Ostend Blue Whale, but the representations are poorly executed; this author likewise omits reference to any rudimentary femur. Habits. The Blue Whale is less social than the Common Finback, and does not seem to gather into large schools. Commonly it is seen singly or in pairs. Whales, when travelling in pairs, move in unison, rising and diving together with much regularity. As with other large whales, Digitized by Google BLUE WHALE. 253 there are two sorts of dives: the series of shallower or surface dives followed by the deep dive when the whale ^sounds' or goes down for a longer period. The Blue Whale after coming to the surface from a deep dive makes about twelve to fifteen of the shallow dives, then goes down again for an interval of from five to ten minutes or more. Millais has timed them at these longer dives, from ten to twenty minutes down. At each of the short dives the vertex of the head first appears and simultaneously the spout is dehvered (Plate 13, fig. 3) ; the open nostrils then take in breath and close with the sinking of the head, which passes forward beneath the surface. Then a section of the broad back arches from the water and slides forward and under in its course, till finally the dorsal fin appears, small and low, and as it too revolves, wheel-like, the animal sinks beneath the waves. At about three times its own length (some 150 to 200 feet) it again comes to the surface, 'blows' and goes down again, until having sufficiently refreshed its lungs, it plunges into the depths, often throwing its great tail or flukes out of water at the end of the movement. Scoresby says (1820, vol. 1, p. 481) that it ''very rarely throws its tail in the air" when it descends. My own observations are limited but seem to bear this out to some extent. Millais observed that "only occasionally, when actually 'on feed' does it ever exhibit the tail clear of the water," but in making its big dive, a bull "will often raise the tail clear of the water." The duration of the shallow dives is about 12 to 15 seconds. The height of the spout varies according to conditions — whether the whale has been down long or if a wand be blowing to distort the shape of the column, which is comparatively high and expanded shghtly at the summit. The Newfoundland whalemen did not pretend to dis- tinguish the spout of the Blue Whale from that of the Common Finback, though some writers have stated that the greater size of the Blue Whale's spout is characteristic. A very successful photograph of the Blue Whale in the act of spouting I succeeded in obtaining from the deck of the Puma in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland (Plate 13, fig. 3). It shows the lateral lips of the blowholes well raised as the breath is forcibly expelled, and the conical shape of the vapor- ous column, sUghtly distorted by the wind. The height of the column probably does not exceed twenty feet, though estimates run as high as fifty. In Newfoundland waters I had a chance to photograph the spout of a Blue Whale at a moment when the Norwegian captain of the whaler's crew stood up to lance the whale. The comparative height of the column in the photograph (see Amer. Naturalist, 1904, p. 620) is about two and one-third times that of the man, or about fourteen feet. Rawitz estimates about a meter (3 feet). The whale in diving leaves a long 'slick' or smooth elliptical area on the surface, caused by the counter currents of water that rush in to fill the potential vacuum as the whale rises and descends. The speed of a Blue Whale when travelhng at a normal rate is in the vicinity of ten to twelve knots an hour, but when frightened it is undoubtedly much more. Two whales which we pursued in the whaling steamer Puma in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, could not be over- hauled after a long chase, though the little vessel was making all of ten knots an hour. Wc finally had to abandon the pursuit as the pair disappeared in the distance rising and spouting Digitized by Google 254 ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. together. Scoresby (1820, voL 1, p. 479) also agrees that its speed does not exceed twelve miles an hour. So far as known the Blue Whale does not leap out of water. Longevity. The normal duration of life is unknown for any of the Cetacea. Sibbald, in his Phalaino- logia describes a Sulphurbottom cast ashore in 1692 in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, which had been known to the fishermen thereabout *'for twenty years, in its pursuits after the herring, and termed by them Hollie Pike, in consequence of the dorsal fin having been perforated by a bullet.'^ Cuvier estimated the age attained by some of the larger species of Cetacea at a thousand years or more, but this was mere guesswork, and the basis of his estimate we now know to be quite inadequate. Food. The Blue Whale is not known to feed on fish, but appears to subsist largely, if not entirely, on minute crustaceans which it engulfs in great quantities and sieves out from the water by means of the matted bristles of the whalebone. The smaU schizopod Thysanoessa inermis seems to form the favorite item of diet, and the stomachs of those I examined at Newfound- land were packed with these alone. Other observers have seen the same thing. Collett records from 300 to 400 hters (twelve bushels or more) of these crustaceans in stomachs of this whale. A second species of minute crustacean — Temora longicornis — known to the fishermen as 'swamps' — is also found in the stomach of the Blue Whale on the Newfoundland coast, ac- cording to Dr. L. RissmuUer (Millais, 1906). Van Beneden considers that Holboell is undoubt- edly mistaken in beheving that capelin are eaten by the Blue Whale, and in this he is probably correct. Breeding Habits. As with other whales, very Uttle is definitely known of the life of this large species. Guld- berg says that mating takes place in summer on the coasts of Finmark and Lapland. He speaks of observing the act of copulation on July 15, 1883, when a male and a female lay on their sides at the surface, gently approached each other and turned belly to belly. Gestation is supposed to be about a year in duration, and the young are born probably in the smnmer following the mating. A single young at a birth is the rule among Cetacea, but Captain David Gray, an Enghsh whaler, is reported to have seen a Blue Whale with two young ones in north latitude 79° 15'. J. A. Harvie-Brown ^ records a female of sixty feet, containing twin foetuses, that was * Harvie-Brown, J. A. Ann. Scottish Nat. Hist., 1906, p. 73. Digitized by Google BLUE WHALE. 255 brought in to Eide Fjord, Faroe, in June, 1894. Both were males, four and six feet long re- spectively. The young at birth is about twenty feet long. Turner (1870) records a foetus of nineteen feet in the 78-foot specimen stranded at Longniddry, Scotland. Geographic Distribution. The Blue Whale is essentially a 'cold-water' species, and is found well into the higher latitudes. Blue Whales occur in the South Atlantic, the Southern Ocean, and the North and South Pacific, and seem to avoid the tropical seas. Various names have been given to those inhabiting these different parts of the sea, but it is still uncertain whether they are valid species or whether the Blue Whale is specifically the same throughout the oceans. We do not yet know the range of individual variation nor whether the characters which are supposed to dis- tinguish the nominal species are truly distinctive. A recent writer has pointed out that these large slow-breeding animals must of necessity become differentiated into local races at a much slower rate than those which breed several times a year and of which two or three generations may in the same interval be produced. Among such quickly maturing species the chance of variations arising and being preserved, is greatly increased. In the North Atlantic Ocean, the Blue Whale is most conamon to the northward of the Gulf Stream. The specimen stranded at Ocean City, New Jersey, perhaps represents nearly the normal southward limit on this side, though no doubt this may become extended. Perhaps it will eventually be found to follow the cooler inshore waters as far south as the Carolina coast, as in case of the Right Whale. In New England waters it is rare, but northward it becomes more frequent. Off Newfoundland, the Blue Whale is common in summer, and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence is taken in numbers as far up as Seven Islands. Its seasonal and numerical abundance vary much from year to year. Millais (1906) quotes Captain Nilson, who has had much experience in hunting these whales in the Newfoundland waters, as beUeving that they winter scattered about on the Grand Banks. On March 1, 1903, he saw over two hundred at intervals between Banquereau and St. Pierre Bank. In March is the best season for the fishing on the south coast of Newfoundland, and in May, when the ice goes out from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, they enter those waters, though many still remain ofif the St. Pierre Bank and as far east as Cape St. Mary. By the end of June they largely disappear, and give place to the main body of the Finbacks. From the end of June to mid- August they follow the *kril ' (the small crustaceans — Thysanoessa) out to the south but a few come in again by late August and stay 'on the coast' till November in small numbers. Captain Nilson believes they are not far from the south coast of Newfoundland all the year round. Northward they are found at least as far as Davis Straits, the coasts of southern Greenland, and probably into Baffin's Bay, but apparently do not pass through Hudson Strait into Hudson Bay. According to Digitized by Google 256 ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. Scoresby, the Blue Whale follows the open water to the edge of the ice floes northeast of Green- land, as far as Cherie Island, Nova Zembla, and Jan Mayen, yet *'it is seldom seen among much ice" in contrast to the Bowhead. '^ It inhabits most generally in the Spitzbergen quarter, the parallels of 70 to 76 degrees; but in the months of June, July, and August, when the sea is usually open, it advances along the land to the northward as high as the 80th degree of latitude" (Scoresby, 1820, vol. 1, p. 482). On the European coasts it is found as far south at least as the Bay of Biscay. Some numbers have lately been captured by whaling crews operating on the Irish coast, and sundry individuals have from time to time come on shore in the North Sea. Occurrence in New England Waters. Within the limits of New England, the Blue Whale is apparently rare. I know of no positive record for it in our waters, yet it undoubtedly does occur. G. B. Goode ^ has recorded as this species a skeleton obtained by Professor Baird at Nantucket in 1875 — No. 16039 in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. The specimen in question, however, is a Common Finback (fide True, 1904). Captain N. E. Atwood of Provincetown, who supplied the notes on Cetacea for Dr. J. A. Allen's (1869) list of the mammals of Massachusetts, had no personal knowledge of it on the Massachusetts coast, but declared that it was said to occur. The fol- lowing instances probably relate to this whale in New England and comprise all the evi- dence of its presence in our waters that I have found. Of themselves they constitute most slender evidence for admitting the species to the list of New England mammals. It should probably be regarded as an occasional visitor from more northern waters, but we are still almost wholly ignorant of its true status. 1766. — A whale, which from its length, seventy-five feet, was probably a Sulphurbottom, is recorded as having been landed on King's Beach, Lynn, Mass., on the 9th of December. '*Dr. Henry Burchsted rode into its mouth, in a chaise drawn by a horse; and afterwards had two of his bones set up for gate posts at his house in Essex Street, where they stood for more than fifty years." ^ '* Opposite the doctor's house, the cot of Moll Pitcher, the celebrated fortune-teller, stood. And many were the sly inquiries from strangers for the place where the big whale-bones were to be seen.'' 1874. — About the middle of October, a number of whales (mainly Finbacks) appeared off the south coast of Massachusetts. One was shot and killed with a bomb-lance oflf Canapitset that was said to have been a Sulphurbottom, though no details are given (see Forest and Stream, Oct. 29, 1874, vol. 3, p. 188). 1904. — The Nantucket Inquirer and Mirror (vol. 85, no. 19, Nov. 5, 1904) reports that ^ Good^, G. B. Fisheries and Fishery Industries of U. S., 1884, sect. 1, p. 27. 2 Lewis, A., and Newhall, J. R. History of Lynn, 1865, p. 330. Digitized by Google BLUE WHALE. 257 a whale 75 feet long was washed ashore dead, at Popham Beach, Maine, about the first of November. If the measurement is correct, it indicates a Sulphurbottom. 1912. — Dr. Henry B. Bigelow furnishes me a note of a large whale seen by him about 5i miles SE. by S. i S. from Cape EUzabeth, Maine, whistle on August 7th, which from its size and its small dorsal fin as compared with that of Conmion Finbacks seen at the same place, was without much doubt a Blue Whale. Enemies and Parasites. Our knowledge of the enemies of the Blue Whale is practically nothing. No external parasites are recorded for this species, but no doubt it may lodge Penellae at times. It is normally quite free of barnacles. Malm (1867) described and figiu'ed a new species of parasitic worm, Echinorhynchus brevi- collis, from the small intestine of a Blue Whale stranded on the Swedish coast. It is one of the so called thorn-headed worms, that anchors itself to the inner lining of the intestine by its head from which project numerous small thorn-like processes. Its body lies free in the intestine and absorbs nutriment from the digested food. Digitized by Google 258 ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata Lac^pede. Little Piked Whale; Least Rorqual. Plate 11, fig. 4; Plate 13, fig. 2; Plate 14. Synonymy. 1780. Balaeiia rostrata Fabricius, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 40 (not of Miiller, 1776). 1803-4. Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata Lac^pMe, Hist. Nat. des C^tac^s, vol. 1, p. 197, pi. 8; Thomas, Zoolo- gist, 1898, ser. 4, vol. 2, p. 99; True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1898, vol. 21, p. 634. 1822. Balaena boops, Albers, Icon. Anat., pi. 1 (in part). 1828. Balaena minimus borealis Knox, Cat. Prep. Whale, p. 14. 1829. Balaena borealis fy rostrata Fischer, Synopsis Mammalium, p. 525. 1836. Rorqualus boops F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. des C^tac^s, p. 321, pi. 20 (in part). 1837. Balaena minima Rapp, Die Cetaceen zoologisch-anat. dargestellt. Stuttgart and Tubingen, p. 52. 1837. Rorqualus minor Jardine, Naturalist's Library, Mammalia, vol. 6, p. 142, pi. 7. 1842. Rorqualus rostratus DeKay, Zool. New York, Mammalia, p. 130, pi. 30, fig. 1. 1843. Balaenoptera boops Newman, Zoologist, vol. 1, p. 33, fig. (in part). 1845. Balaenoptera eschrichtii Rasch, Nyt Mag. for Naturvidensk., vol. 4, p. 123. 1846. Balaenoptera rostrata Gray, Zool. Voyage Erebus and Terror, Mammalia, p. 50. 1846. Balaenoptera physalus Gray, Zool. Voy. Erebus and Terror, Mammalia, p. 18 (in part). 1849. Pterobalaena minor Eschricht, Unters. iiber nord. Wallthiere, p. 169. 1849. Pterobalaena minor groenlandica and bergensis Eschricht, K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter, ser. 5, vol. 1, p. 109. 1864. Balaenoptera minima Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 418. 1866. Balaenoptera microcephala Gray (ex Holboell MS.), Cat. Seals and Whales British Mus., ed. 2, p. 188. 1866. Pterobalaena prostrata Gray, Cat. Seals and Whales British Mus., ed. 2, p. 188 (attributed to Van Beneden, 1861, in error). 1868. Agaphelus gibbosus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 159, 224. 1868. Balaena gibbosa Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 159 (in part). 1877. Sibbaldius mondinii Capellini, Mem. Accad. Sci. Bologna, ser. 3, vol. 7, p. 423. 1898. Balaenoptera mondini Trouessart, Cat. Mamm., p. 1078 (not Gervais, Journal de Zool., vol. 6, p. 167). History and Nomenclature. No doubt the Little Piked Whale was well known to the Icelandic and Norse fishermen long before naturaUsts became famiUar with it. In an ancient Norse manuscript called the Royal Mirror (Speculum regale or Konigsspiegel), and believed to have been produced about the year 1280, mention is made of sundry whales and large fish, which Guldberg (1904) has attempted to identify. One of these, the '^Geirhval/' is beUeved by one commentator to be the present species, but of this there can be no certainty, and Guldberg does not vouchsafe aA Digitized by Google PLATE 14. Little Piked Whale (Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata). Drawn by J. Henry Blake from the specimen taken at Provincetown, Mass., August 14, 1910, shortly after its capture. Fig. 1. Side view, drawn to scale. Fig. 2. Under side of the flukes, showing the dark posterior edging. Fig. 3. The left pectoral flipper to show the color of upper surface. At the base the white area is sharply marked off but at the outer part it merges more gradually into the blackish tip. Fig. 4. Upper side of the flukes. Digitized by Google Digitized by Google CO a 6 Z 00 J o > X z u o (fi z o 2 u 2 (N Digitized by Google Digitized by Google ^ LITTLE PIKED WHALE. • 259 opinion. lAnn6 himself had no knowledge of it, nor was it until 1780, when Fabricius^s Fauna Groenlandica appeared, that it was characterized under the name of Balaena rostrata. Fabri- cius describes its small size, whitish whalebone, and even the pinkish tinge to the white of the belly and throat, but curiously, he makes no mention of the very conspicuous white mark on the pectoral limb. But Fabricius in calUng it Balaena rostrata or beaked whale, did not know that the species to which this name had been applied by Miiller in 1776, was not a whalebone whale, but a ziphioid — the Bottle-nosed Whale (Hyperoodon). In 1787, the English ana- tomist Hunter gave some account of his dissection of a Little Piked Whale killed in the North Sea, but it was not till 1803 that a tenable specific name was given it by Lac6p6de — acuto- rostrata^ in reference to its pointed head, of which, however, his conception, drawn from descriptions and figures, was rather exaggerated. He placed the species in his genus Balae- noptera, from which it was later removed by Fischer in 1829, who in his compilation of the species of mammals then known, made it with some question, a variety of his ^'Balaena borealis,'' (Balaena borealis ? y rostrata). Cuvier in 1836, erected the genus Rorqualus, and under R. hoops included this whale. In 1837, Jardine corrected this to Rorqualus minor and DeKay, in 1842, following Cuvier 's use of the generic term, again appUed Fabricius's specific name in the combination Rorqualus rostratus. Gray, in 1846, used the name in combination with Lac6p6de's genus Balaenoptera, and he has been followed by many later writers. Three, years afterward, Eschricht included it in his genus Pterobalaena, now recognized as a synonym of Balaenoptera, and revived ^^ minor ^^ as the specific name. |
4160482_1 | courtlistener | Public Domain | RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
Pursuant to Sixth Circuit I.O.P. 32.1(b)
File Name: 17a0085p.06
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ┐
Plaintiff-Appellee, │
│
> No. 15-2238
v. │
│
│
RONALD BRUCE MYERS, │
Defendant-Appellant. │
┘
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Michigan at Grand Rapids.
No. 1:14-cr-00172—Robert Holmes Bell, District Judge.
Argued: October 18, 2016
Decided and Filed: April 14, 2017
Before: MERRITT, ROGERS, and KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judges.
_________________
COUNSEL
ARGUED: Kenneth P. Tableman, KENNETH P. TABLEMAN, P.C., Grand Rapids, Michigan,
for Appellant. Jennifer L. McManus, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, Grand
Rapids, Michigan, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Kenneth P. Tableman, KENNETH P.
TABLEMAN, P.C., Grand Rapids, Michigan, for Appellant. Jennifer L. McManus, Michael A.
MacDonald, UNITED STATES ATTORNEY’S OFFICE, Grand Rapids, Michigan, for
Appellee.
ROGERS, J., delivered the opinion of the court in which MERRITT, J., joined, and
KETHLEDGE, J., joined in part. KETHLEDGE, J. (pp. 21–24), delivered a separate opinion
concurring in part and dissenting in part.
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 2
_________________
OPINION
_________________
ROGERS, Circuit Judge. Ronald Myers is a serial thief of motor homes. During his
latest spree of thefts, Myers stole at least eight motor homes and then sold them to unsuspecting
dealers, posing as their legitimate owner by using clone titles. A jury convicted him of multiple
counts of interstate transportation of stolen vehicles, money laundering, and related conspiracies,
and he was sentenced to 360 months’ imprisonment. On appeal, Myers challenges his money-
laundering convictions, arguing that the district in which he stole the motor homes was not the
proper venue for his money-laundering convictions, because he sold the homes outside of that
district. That challenge fails, both as a statutory argument and as a constitutional argument.
Proper venue lay in the trial district under the plain text of the money-laundering statute because
Myers was properly charged with his interstate thefts in the district and because Myers
participated in removing the theft’s proceeds out of the district. Venue was constitutionally
permissible because Myers partially committed concealment money laundering in the trial
district by there obtaining possession of the theft’s unlawful proceeds, which he would launder
elsewhere. Myers’s other appellate arguments—alleging multiplicitous charging, improper
denial of self-representation, and erroneous sentencing—also fail.
I.
Ronald Myers was born on November 11, 1958. Using about 105 other names, eleven
other dates of birth, and eleven other social security numbers / employer identification numbers,1
Myers has devoted his life to stealing. His criminal record begins at age 12, when he was
charged with shoplifting; he was committed to a Utah prison at age 16 for stealing a car; and, all
told, he accumulated about 47 arrests as a juvenile. As an adult, in 1977, and under the name
David Lawrence Herdrich, Myers was convicted of stealing a car in Florida after posing as a
hitchhiker, and served a year in jail. In 1982, and under the name Alan Brooks, Myers was
convicted of burglarizing a motor home parked at a ski resort, and spent another year in jail. In
1
During sentencing, when the court asked Myers if those numbers were correct, Myers affirmed that they
were, and added, “Actually I believe the number would probably be higher than that.”
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 3
1983, under the name Michael Howley, Myers was convicted in Kentucky of theft by deception
for filing five refund applications for traveler checks, and was sentenced to five years’
imprisonment. Myers escaped from the Kentucky prison after just a few months, and in 1987,
under the name Richard David Parker, Myers was convicted of conspiring to possess and pass
counterfeit Federal Reserve notes, and was transferred to Kentucky to serve the remaining
Kentucky sentence.
Sometime in the late 1980s, Myers began focusing his criminal activities on stealing
motor homes. In 1988, he was convicted in Georgia of interstate transportation of counterfeit
motor home titles, and was sentenced to ten years’ imprisonment. He was paroled early in 1996.
In 1998, he was convicted in Mississippi of conspiring to transport stolen motor homes, and was
sentenced to 44 months’ imprisonment. In 2004, he was arrested once again, was later convicted
of interstate transportation of a stolen vehicle, and was sentenced to 60 months’ imprisonment.
Myers has also been jailed repeatedly for violating his parole.
Myers met Walter Nunley, his main coconspirator in this round of thefts, in the early
1990s while they were both imprisoned in Kentucky. In September 2011, when Myers was
released after being imprisoned for violating his parole, Nunley picked Myers up at the prison,
and the pair went straight to work on stealing motor homes. By the time they were arrested, they
had stolen at least eight motor homes across the United States.
Myers and Nunley stole and profited from motor homes using the same general method.
Myers would first identify target motor homes online and contact their owners to obtain the
motor homes’ vehicle identification numbers (VINs), ostensibly to conduct a Carfax search on
them. Myers would then forge Virginia titles for the targeted motor homes using their VINs.
Using the forged Virginia titles, Myers would next apply for a clone title from either Mississippi
or Illinois, as neither state verified that the out-of-state title—here, the forged Virginia title—was
real. Myers and Nunley would then steal the targeted motor homes using master keys that they
obtained online, pose as legitimate owners of the stolen motor homes using the clone titles from
Mississippi or Illinois, and sell the motor homes to unsuspecting dealers.
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 4
Myers and Nunley applied that method to steal three motor homes in the Western District
of Michigan. They stole a 2006 Country Coach Rembrant in Holland, Michigan, a 2004
Newmar Essex in Kent County, Michigan, and a 2005 Holiday Rambler also in Kent County,
Michigan. From other places, Myers and Nunley stole at least five more motor homes.
The criminal partnership unraveled, however, and in March 2013, Nunley began
cooperating with an FBI agent who was already investigating their crimes. In a related case,
Nunley was convicted of multiple counts of interstate transportation of stolen vehicles, money-
laundering conspiracy, and other related counts. He was sentenced to 188 months’ imprisonment
and ordered to pay about $1.45 million in restitution.
The superseding indictment charged Myers with seven counts. The first count charged
the overarching conspiracy to steal motor homes, transport them across state lines, and sell them,
all in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371. The next three counts accused Myers of transporting each of
the three motor homes stolen from Michigan and in interstate commerce in violation of
18 U.S.C. § 2312. The fifth count accused Myers of money-laundering conspiracy in violation
of 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h). The final two counts accused Myers of substantive concealment money
laundering in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1956 for selling the stolen motor homes by posing as their
legitimate owner and for retrieving the sale money in cash.
Myers filed a number of motions before trial. He first moved to represent himself. The
district court held a hearing on the motion. During the hearing, as the district court probed
Myers’s understanding of the risks of representing himself, Myers repeatedly interrupted. When
the government objected to Myers’s self-representation because Myers had indicated, during his
recorded prison calls, that he wanted to represent himself to drag out the trial and to cost the
government as much money as possible, Myers admitted to the court: “I said if the government is
going to make a mountain out of a molehill, I’ll make it Mt. Everest”; “what I’m going to do is
put the government’s case to challenge, which is going to cost a lot of money.”2 Myers also
2
Similarly, Myers has stated during his prison calls: “This trial’s going to cost them a million dollars if they
take me up there”; “If they take me there, it’s like a little vacation. I love to do legal work, so I’ll have some fun”;
“But I’ll file so much paperwork you guys will spend $100,000 over this. Even if I lose, you guys will lose another
couple furlough days for you and your buddies”; “I love to do this stuff. It’s what makes me happy. I like doing
legal work.” During these calls, Myers also variously admitted his guilt, telling his family that there was a stolen
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 5
continued to interrupt the court. The district court therefore denied Myers’s motion to represent
himself, explaining:
[W]hat I’m concerned about in this case is it’s going to get rolling and you’re just
going to go on and interrupt people, interrupt the government. You’re going to
interrupt me. You’ve interrupted me already several times, and we’re going to
have difficulty seeing that your presumption of innocence is held first in this
matter and that the government – let the record reflect this gentleman is shaking
his head.
I’m going to deny your motion. I don’t think I can – I don’t think I can control
you if you’re representing yourself.
Myers responded that he “intend[ed] to interlocutory appeal immediately.” The district court
instructed Myers’s counsel to continue to represent Myers and asked Myers to “understand” that
his “role is to assist her.” Myers retorted, “No, sir, Your Honor,” “Have a nice day,” and tried to
walk away from the court. Myers later moved again to represent himself, “apologiz[ing]” for the
interruptions and “assur[ing]” the court that “this will not happen again,” but the court denied the
motion once again, expressing its lack of “inclin[ation] to credit his assurances based on his
demonstrated conduct during the last court proceeding.” Myers then filed an interlocutory
appeal of that denial and also moved to stay the district court’s proceedings. We dismissed that
appeal because there was no final judgment to review.
Myers also filed a petition for a writ of mandamus in this court to require the district
court judge to recuse himself. We denied that petition.
Myers filed another petition for a writ of mandamus in this court to disqualify the
prosecutor and to direct the district court to allow Myers to represent himself. We also denied
that petition.
Back at the district court, Myers filed a motion to dismiss the indictment “for duplicity,”
arguing roughly that the government had improperly charged one crime in multiple counts of
conspiracies. The district court initially took the motion under advisement. Later, when Myers
raised the issue again during trial, the court denied the motion, explaining that the government
“baby” in Florida, to “store the RV, you know, the baby,” alleging that there was “no giant conspiracy,” but instead
“[i]t was me by myself committing crimes,” and so on.
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 6
had properly charged one overarching conspiracy to steal motor homes and three substantive
counts of interstate transportation of stolen vehicles for each of the three motor homes stolen
from the Western District of Michigan.
Myers also moved to dismiss the money-laundering counts for improper venue on the
theory that the alleged money-laundering activities occurred outside of the Western District of
Michigan. The district court denied that motion, too. The court reasoned that proper venue lay
in the district for money-laundering conspiracy under Whitfield v. United States, 543 U.S. 209
(2005), because the government had alleged that several overt acts in furtherance of the money-
laundering conspiracy had occurred in the Western District of Michigan. The court further
reasoned that proper venue lay in the district for the two substantive counts of concealment
money laundering under United States v. Aronds, No. 98-1990, 2000 WL 303003 (6th Cir. Mar.
14, 2000) (unpublished table decision), because even though Myers was not charged to have
conducted the money laundering in the district, Myers was in any event charged with stealing the
motor homes from the Western District of Michigan and transporting those motor homes out of
the district, and of laundering specifically the proceeds of those thefts.
After a week-long trial, the jury convicted Myers of all counts.
The presentence report calculated the applicable Guidelines range to be 360 to 1,140
months’ imprisonment. That calculation relied in part on enhancements based on the loss
amount, the use of sophisticated means under USSG § 2B1.1(b)(10), “sophisticated laundering”
under USSG § 2S1.1(b)(3), and Myers’s role as an organizer or leader under USSG § 3B1.1(a).
The district court imposed a sentence of 360 months’ imprisonment—the bottom of the
applicable Guidelines range. The court rejected Myers’s various objections to his sentence.
On appeal, Myers challenges both his conviction and his sentence for a variety of
reasons. He argues that his money-laundering convictions cannot stand because they were
rendered in an improper venue; that the jury was improperly instructed as to that venue; that the
charges against him were doubly multiplicitous, because the three counts of interstate
transportation of stolen vehicles were multiplicitous with respect to the general conspiracy count,
and because the general conspiracy count was multiplicitous with respect to the count of money-
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 7
laundering conspiracy; that the district court improperly denied him his right to self-
representation; and that the district court erroneously sentenced him by miscalculating the
intended loss of his thefts, by applying two enhancements for his use of sophisticated means, by
applying an enhancement for his role as a leader, and by failing to apply an amendment to the
Guidelines that was pending at the time of his sentencing.
II.
Myers was properly convicted of the money-laundering counts in the Western District of
Michigan, notwithstanding his venue arguments. For substantive money laundering, the money-
laundering statute permits venue in “any district where a prosecution for the underlying specified
unlawful activity could be brought, if the defendant participated in the transfer of the proceeds of
the specified unlawful activity from that district to the district where the financial or monetary
transaction is conducted.” 18 U.S.C. § 1956(i)(1)(B). Myers committed the underlying crimes,
interstate transportations of stolen vehicles, in the Western District of Michigan because he stole
three motor homes in that district and transported the stolen motor homes away from that district
before selling them and thereby laundering the proceeds of his thefts. Under the plain text of the
money-laundering statute, criminal venue lay in the Western District of Michigan therefore not
only for the interstate transportation of stolen vehicles, but also for substantive money laundering
and money-laundering conspiracy. That statutory extension of venue moreover does not violate
the U.S. Constitution’s two provisions guaranteeing local prosecution.
As applied to this case, Myers was properly prosecuted in the Western District of
Michigan for his “underlying” crimes of interstate transportation of stolen vehicles because he
stole the motor homes there and removed them from there. Generally speaking, in criminal
prosecutions, proper venue lies in “a district where the offense was committed,” Fed. R. Crim. P.
18. The federal crime of interstate transportation of stolen vehicles prohibits “transport[ing] in
interstate . . . commerce a motor vehicle . . . [while] knowing the same to have been stolen.”
18 U.S.C. § 2312. Myers stole the three motor homes in two towns, both in the Western District
of Michigan, see 28 U.S.C. § 102(b). Myers then transported the motor homes out of Michigan,
by either personally driving them across state lines, or instructing Nunley to do so. Myers
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 8
therefore committed interstate transportation of stolen vehicles in Michigan and was properly
prosecuted there for those crimes.
Myers also transferred the “proceeds” of his interstate vehicular thefts out of Michigan
before selling those “proceeds.” The money-laundering statute defines “proceeds” to mean “any
property derived from or obtained or retained, directly or indirectly, through some form of
unlawful activity, including the gross receipts of such activity.” 18 U.S.C. § 1956(c)(9). Under
that definition, the stolen motor homes themselves were the proceeds of Myers’s interstate thefts;
they were “propert[ies] . . . obtained . . . through some form of unlawful activity,” namely,
interstate vehicular thefts under 18 U.S.C. § 2312. So when Myers drove those stolen motor
homes out of Michigan, or directed Nunley to do so, he “participated” in transferring the
“proceeds” of his thefts out of Michigan. Once outside of Michigan, Myers completed the
laundering of those “proceeds” by using the stolen motor homes’ clone titles to sell them to
unsuspecting dealers and by withdrawing the sale money in cash.
Because Myers was properly prosecuted in Michigan for the “underlying” interstate
transportation of stolen vehicles, and because Myers then “participated” in transferring the
thefts’ “proceeds” out of Michigan before selling them, Myers was also properly prosecuted in
Michigan for his concealment money laundering. See 18 U.S.C. § 1956(i)(1)(B).
Myers concedes that “[i]f motor homes are proceeds, then venue is proper in the Western
District of Michigan” for concealment money laundering. But Myers argues, against plain text,
that the stolen motor homes were not “proceeds” under the money-laundering statute, 18 U.S.C.
§ 1956(c)(9), because “proceeds” should not encompass all “property . . . obtained . . . through
some form of unlawful activity,” as the text plainly states, 18 U.S.C. § 1956(c)(9), but rather
should be limited to “money or other property obtained from a financial transaction involving the
stolen motor homes.”
That argument, however, not only contravenes the plain text of the quoted venue
provision, but also renders the provision largely meaningless. The statute permits venue not only
in, as quoted above, “any district where prosecution for the underlying specified unlawful
activity could be brought, if the defendant participated in the transfer of the proceeds of the
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 9
specified unlawful activity from that district to the district where the financial or monetary
transaction is conducted,” 18 U.S.C. § 1956(i)(1)(B), but also in “any district in which the
financial or monetary transaction is conducted,” 18 U.S.C. § 1956(i)(1)(A). If, as Myers argues,
“proceeds” are limited to properties “obtained from a financial transaction involving [the stolen
good],” then venue under (B) would effectively be no broader than venue under (A), rendering
(B) superfluous.
Moreover, the plain meaning of the money-laundering statute’s extension of venue does
not violate the U.S. Constitution. Two constitutional provisions limit venue in criminal
prosecutions to the locus delicti, the place where the crime was committed. Article III requires
that “[t]he Trial of all Crimes . . . shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been
committed.” U.S. Const. art. III, § 2, cl. 3. The Sixth Amendment similarly requires that “[i]n
all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an
impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed.” U.S.
Const. amend. VI. The Supreme Court has interpreted those provisions to permit prosecution in
a district where the crime was committed in part. Myers’s concealment money laundering was
completed elsewhere, but it was begun and therefore committed in part in the Western District of
Michigan, where he stole the motor homes that he would later liquidate, and where he thereby
gained possession of the “proceeds of specified unlawful activity” whose source he would later
conceal. Because he committed the crime in part in the district, Myers was properly prosecuted
for concealment money laundering in the Western District of Michigan.
The Court has held that the “locus delicti [of the charged offense] must be determined
from the nature of the crime alleged and the location of the act or acts constituting it,” by first
“identify[ing] the conduct constituting the offense (the nature of the crime)” and then by
“discern[ing] the location of the commission of the criminal acts.” United States v. Rodriguez-
Moreno, 526 U.S. 275, 279 (1999) (quoting United States v. Cabrales, 524 U.S. 1, 6–7 (1998))
(internal quotation marks omitted) (alteration in original). The charged crime here is
concealment money laundering, in which someone, “knowing that the property involved in a
financial transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, conducts . ..
such a financial transaction . . . to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 10
ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity.” 18 U.S.C.
§ 1956(a)(1). The ultimate criminal act that is prohibited is “conduct[ing]” a financial
transaction involving “the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity” to conceal the proceeds’
illegal source. To conduct that transaction, however, the launderer must ordinarily have
possession of the unlawful proceeds to be laundered. In most cases of concealment money
laundering, then, the criminal act of “conduct[ing]” the prohibited financial transaction will
include an antecedent conduct of obtaining possession over the unlawful proceeds. That was
indeed the case here. Before Myers laundered the proceeds of his theft, he first gained
possession of the proceeds—the motor homes themselves—by stealing them, in the Western
District of Michigan. As charged against Myers, therefore, the criminalized conduct of
concealment money laundering, “conduct[ing]” a financial transaction that conceals the criminal
source of “the proceeds of specified unlawful activity,” was committed in part in the Western
District of Michigan, where he gained possession of the “proceeds of specified unlawful
activity.”
The Supreme Court has similarly broadly interpreted an analogous statute’s criminal
conduct. In Rodriguez-Moreno, the statute criminalized “us[ing] or carr[ying] a firearm” “during
and in relation to any crime of violence,” 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1). The defendant was tried in New
Jersey, to which he took a kidnapped victim, even though he actually kidnapped the victim in
Texas, and was proven to have “use[d] or carrie[d] a firearm” only in Maryland. Rejecting the
argument that the Constitution required prosecution of the crime in Maryland, the Court reasoned
that “the crime of violence element,” even though it is “embedded in a prepositional phrase and
not expressed in verbs,” is still an essential element of a crime, and so the “defendant’s violent
acts are essential conduct elements.” Rodriguez-Moreno, 526 U.S. at 280. The Court therefore
approved of the defendant’s prosecution in New Jersey, where the underlying “crime of
violence,” the kidnapping, was committed in part, and therefore where the charged crime of
“us[ing] or carr[ying] a firearm” “during and in relation to any crime of violence,” 18 U.S.C.
§ 924(c)(1), was committed in part. That reasoning supports our interpretation of the money-
laundering statute. While “proceeds of. unlawful activity” is not expressed in verbs,
concealing the criminal source of those proceeds through a transaction can certainly include
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 11
possessing or otherwise exercising control over those proceeds, and obtaining possession or
control can therefore be a “part of the conduct constituting the offense.”
Because Myers’s concealment money laundering, as charged, was proven to have been
committed in part in the Western District of Michigan, where he obtained possession of the
unlawful proceeds that he would later sell, Myers was properly prosecuted for the whole crime in
that district. “[W]here a crime consists of distinct parts which have different localities the whole
may be tried where any part can be proved to have been done.” United States v. Lombardo,
241 U.S. 73, 77 (1916). The Supreme Court has therefore repeatedly approved as
constitutionally permissible the prosecution of a crime in a district in which the crime was
committed only in part. In Palliser v. United States, 136 U.S. 257 (1890), where the criminal
conduct was mailing a letter to induce an official’s dereliction of his duties, and where the
defendant sent the letter across state lines from New York to Connecticut, the Court upheld
venue in Connecticut, even though the crime of sending the letter was already completed in New
York, and the defendant never entered Connecticut. The Court explained: “[T]here can be no
doubt at all, if any offense was committed in New York, the offense was continuing to be
committed when the letter reached the postmaster in Connecticut.” Id. at 267. Similarly, in
Armour Packing Co. v. United States, 209 U.S. 56 (1908), where the criminal conduct was
“giv[ing] or receiv[ing] transportation at less than the published rate,” id. at 80, the Court held
the crime was a “continuing” offense that was committed in every state that the transportation
occurred, “for transportation is an essential element of the offense, and. transportation equally
takes place over any and all of the traveled route, and during the transportation the crime is being
constantly committed,” id. at 76. In an unpublished opinion involving nearly identical facts to those before us, we have
already interpreted concealment money laundering to permit venue in a district where none of
the laundering transactions were proven to have occurred, and we did so relying on a reasoning
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 12
that is broader than the reasoning here. In United States v. Aronds, No. 98-1990, 2000 WL
303003 (6th Cir. Mar. 14, 2000), the defendant, as here, was charged with multiple counts of
interstate transportation of stolen property and of money laundering in a single district, even
though he was charged to have conducted the financial transactions exclusively elsewhere.
Approving the propriety of criminal venue for money laundering in that case, we explained,
“Aronds was also charged with the ‘anterior criminal conduct that yielded the funds allegedly
laundered.’” Aronds, 2000 WL 303003, at *11 (quoting Cabrales, 524 U.S. at 7). Here, too,
Myers was charged with the anterior criminal conduct, the interstate thefts, that yielded the funds
allegedly laundered. But Myers was furthermore charged with obtaining possession in the trial
district of the unlawful proceeds that he would launder elsewhere. While Aronds is an
unpublished opinion, and while in Aronds we also relied on the fact that the defendant had
forfeited the constitutional venue issue by failing to raise it below, the broadly permissive
reasoning in Aronds supports the more particularized upholding of constitutional venue in this
case.
The Eighth Circuit has also interpreted concealment money laundering to permit venue in
a district where none of the laundering transactions were proven to have occurred, relying on an
analysis that is also more broadly permissive than our analysis here. In United States v. Nichols,
416 F.3d 811, 823–24 (8th Cir. 2005), the defendants fraudulently collected money from victims
in California, Tennessee, and Missouri, and laundered the proceeds of their fraud exclusively in
California. The government prosecuted them for the underlying fraud and for concealment
money laundering in the Western District of Missouri. The Eighth Circuit upheld venue in that
case as constitutional, explaining that “[the relevant defendant] was charged with causing money
obtained by fraud to be transported from Missouri to California” and also “charged with a
conspiracy linking him to fraudulent acts committed in Missouri.” Nichols, 416 F.3d at 824.
Here, too, Myers was charged with participating in transferring the proceeds of his thefts out of
Michigan, and also charged with a conspiracy to steal those motor homes and transport them in
interstate commerce in Michigan. More specifically, however, Myers also obtained possession
of the proceeds of his unlawful activity in Michigan. The reasoning in Nichols therefore
supports venue more forcefully in this case than it did there.
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 13
United States v. Cabrales, 524 U.S. 1 (1998), is entirely consistent with our analysis. In
that case, the defendant was prosecuted in Missouri for money laundering in Florida, but was not
charged with the underlying unlawful activity in Missouri, was not charged with having
transported the proceeds of the unlawful activity from Missouri to Florida, and was therefore not
charged to have obtained possession of the unlawful proceeds in Missouri. Id. at 4–5. Thus the
indictment charged the defendant of criminal conduct that occurred exclusively in Florida, and
under those limited circumstances, the Court held, the Constitution required prosecution in
Florida. Cabrales is distinguishable not just because, as we reasoned in Aronds, Myers was
charged with the anterior criminal conduct that yielded the laundered proceeds, and not just
because, as the Eighth Circuit reasoned in Nichols, Myers was charged with transferring the
unlawful proceeds out of Michigan and charged with an overarching conspiracy that linked
Myers to the thefts in Michigan, but also because, as we reason more specifically here, Myers
was charged in particular with having gained possession in Michigan of the unlawful proceeds
that he would sell elsewhere.
In upholding the Eighth Circuit’s judgment in Cabrales, the Supreme Court accepted
much of the Eighth Circuit’s reasoning:
“Cabrales was not accused of a ‘continuing offense,’” the Eighth Circuit said;
“[s]he was charged with money laundering, for transactions which began,
continued, and were completed only in Florida[.]” “That the money came from
Missouri is of no moment,” the Court of Appeals next observed, for “Cabrales
dealt with it only in Florida.” The money-laundering counts “include[d] no act
committed by Cabrales in Missouri,” the Eighth Circuit emphasized, nor did “the
[G]overnment charge that Cabrales transported the money from Missouri to
Florida.”
Cabrales, 524 U.S. at 5 (quoting United States v. Cabrales, 109 F.3d 471, 472 (8th Cir. 1997))
(internal citations omitted) (first, third, and fourth alterations in original). The Supreme Court
proceeded to distinguish explicitly a case where “the launderer acquired the funds in one district
and transported them into another”:
Cabrales is charged in the money-laundering counts with criminal activity “after
the fact” of an offense begun and completed by others. . . . Money laundering, the
[Eighth Circuit] acknowledged, arguably might rank as a “continuing offense,”
triable in more than one place, if the launderer acquired the funds in one district
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 14
and transported them into another. But that is tellingly not this case. In the
counts at issue, the Government indicted Cabrales “for transactions which began,
continued, and were completed only in Florida.” Under these circumstances,
venue in Missouri is improper.
Cabrales, 524 U.S. at 8 (quoting Cabrales, 109 F.3d at 472–73) (emphasis added) (internal
citations omitted). The Supreme Court thus distinguished precisely Myers’s case, except that the
opinion refers to the laundering of “funds” rather than the laundering of “proceeds,” a distinction
with no constitutionally significant difference. Cabrales is accordingly materially different from
Myers’s case.
Proper venue lay in the Western District of Michigan, also, for Myers’s money-
laundering conspiracy count, for many of the same reasons. Under the plain text of the money-
laundering statute, venue is proper for prosecutions of money-laundering conspiracy “in the
district where venue would lie for [substantive money laundering] . . . , or in any other district
where an act in furtherance of the . . . conspiracy took place.” 18 U.S.C. § 1956(i)(2). Proper
venue lay in the district under the first prong of the venue provision because, as explained above,
proper venue lay in the Western District of Michigan for Myers’s substantive money laundering.
Venue for money-laundering conspiracy was also proper in the district under the second prong
because the government alleged multiple overt acts by Myers in the district in furtherance of the
money-laundering conspiracy: Myers stole three motor homes in the Western District of
Michigan that he would later sell elsewhere, posing as their legitimate owner. That venue
provision is not unconstitutional because a conspiracy is a continuing offense that is committed
everywhere the overt acts are committed. “[The] Court has long held that venue is proper in any
district in which an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy was committed, even where an
overt act is not a required element of the conspiracy offense.” Whitfield v. United States,
543 U.S. 209, 218 (2005) (citing cases); see also United States v. Jordan, 511 F. App’x 554, 566
(6th Cir. 2013).
There is also no reversible error in the district court’s instructions to the jury on venue for
these money-laundering counts. Myers complains that there was no “instruction telling the jury
that it had to find by a preponderance of the evidence that . . . some part of the criminal acts
charged in [the money-laundering counts] took place in the Western District of Michigan.”
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 15
But the verdict form stated that convicting on money-laundering conspiracy was finding that “in
Kent County, in the Southern Division of the Western District of Michigan, and other places, the
Defendant conspired to engage in money laundering.” The court instructed the jury with that
same language. The verdict form further stated that convicting on concealment money
laundering was finding that “in Kent County, in the Southern Division of the Western District of
Michigan, and other places, the defendant engaged in [specified financial transactions] from the
Woodforest National Bank.” The court instructed the jury with that same language. Those
instructions adequately informed the jury that convicting Myers of the money-laundering counts
required finding that some part of the criminal conduct took place in the Western District of
Michigan. In both sets of instructions, the Western District of Michigan is specified as one of
the places where Myers must be found to have committed the criminal conduct—either
conspiring to engage in money laundering or engaging in certain financial transactions.
A conviction is reversed for errors in jury instructions only where the instructions as a whole
were “confusing, misleading or prejudicial.” United States v. Russell, 595 F.3d 633, 642 (6th
Cir. 2010) (quoting United States v. Kuehne, 547 F.3d 667, 669 (6th Cir. 2008)) (internal
quotation marks omitted). Here, the district court’s instructions to the jury on venue were not
“confusing, misleading or prejudicial.”
III.
The charges against Myers were not multiplicitous. “‘Multiplicity’ is charging a single
offense in more than one count in an indictment,” United States v. Swafford, 512 F.3d 833, 844
(6th Cir. 2008) (quoting United States v. Lemons, 941 F.2d 309, 317 (5th Cir. 1991)) (internal
quotation marks omitted), and it therefore “may result in a defendant being punished twice for
the same crime,” Swafford, 512 F.3d at 844 (citing United States v. Brandon, 17 F.3d 409 (1st
Cir. 1994)). To determine whether charges are multiplicitous, we generally analyze, under
Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 (1932), whether each charge requires proof of a fact
that the other charge does not; if each charge does, then the charges accuse different crimes and
are therefore not multiplicitous. See id.
Myers’s interstate vehicular theft counts—one count of conspiring to transport stolen
motor homes across state lines in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371, on the one hand, and three
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 16
substantive counts of transporting stolen motor homes across state lines in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§ 2312, on the other hand—were not multiplicitous. “It has been long and consistently
recognized by the Court that the commission of the substantive offense and a conspiracy to
commit it are separate and distinct offenses.” Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640, 643
(1944). Conspiracy requires an agreement, while the substantive crime does not; the substantive
crime requires completion, while conspiracy does not. See id. at 643–44. While Myers responds
that the indictment and the verdict forms stated, for his criminal conduct for the substantive
counts, that Myers both “transported” and “conspired to transport” the stolen vehicles, his
response points out a distinction that, in this case, makes no difference. The charged crime for
the substantive interstate vehicular theft was a violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2312, which does not
include a conspiratorial agreement as an element of the crime, and the indictment for those
crimes relied on § 371 only to allow Pinkerton liability, not because a conspiratorial agreement
was an element of the substantive crime. Any error in the verdict forms was invited by Myers
himself, who requested the addition of the language that he now challenges. Challenges to such
invited errors are forfeited. See Harris v. Roadway Express., Inc., 923 F.2d 59, 60–61 (6th Cir.
1991).
Nor were Myers’s two conspiracy counts—the general conspiracy count under 18 U.S.C.
§ 371 discussed above and the money-laundering conspiracy count under 18 U.S.C. 1956(h)—
multiplicitous. As the Court has explained, Congress intended to create a new offense by
criminalizing money-laundering conspiracy. Rejecting the argument that § 1956(h) merely
increased the penalty for a specific subset of conspiracies under § 371, and rejecting the
conclusion that “the Government must continue to prosecute money laundering conspiracies
under § 371,” the Court held that “[i]t is undisputed that Congress intended § 1956(h) to increase
the penalties for money laundering conspiracies,” and that “Congress did so precisely by
establishing a new offense.” Whitfield v. United States, 543 U.S. 209, 215–16 (2005). Because
§ 371 and §1956(h) punish separate offenses, Myers’s two conspiracy counts are not
multiplicitous.
Blockburger analysis supports that conclusion. The general conspiracy statute prohibits a
“conspir[acy] . . . to commit any offense against the United States” when coupled with an overt
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 17
act, “an act to effect the object of the conspiracy,” 18 U.S.C. § 371. The superseding indictment
charged Myers of violating 18 U.S.C. § 371 by conspiring “to transport stolen motor vehicles in
interstate commerce, contrary to 18 U.S.C. § 2312,” and taking multiple overt acts in furtherance
of that conspiracy. Money-laundering conspiracy is both narrower and broader than general
conspiracy. More narrowly, money-laundering conspiracy prohibits a particular type of criminal
agreement: “conspir[acy] to commit any offense defined in” the money-laundering statute.
18 U.S.C. 1956(h). More broadly, money-laundering conspiracy does not require proof of overt
acts: “Because the text of § 1956(h) does not expressly make the commission of an overt act an
element of the conspiracy offense, the Government need not prove an overt act to obtain a
conviction.” Whitfield v. United States, 543 U.S. 209, 214 (2005). The superseding indictment
charged Myers of violating 18 U.S.C. 1956(h) by “engag[ing] in interstate financial transactions
with an intent to conceal and disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, and the
control of proceeds of a specified unlawful activity, in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§ 1956(a)(1)(B)(i).” The superseding indictment also charged Myers with various overt acts, but
it did not need to, as held by the Court in Whitfield. Each of the two conspiracy counts therefore
required proof of a fact that the other did not. The general conspiracy required proof of an overt
act, while the money-laundering conspiracy did not; the money-laundering conspiracy required
proof of the agreement in particular to commit money laundering, in this case concealment
money laundering, while general conspiracy did not. The two conspiracy counts are therefore
not multiplicitous.
IV.
The district court did not err in denying Myers’s repeated motions to represent himself.
While criminal defendants have a constitutional right to self-representation, Faretta v.
California, 422 U.S. 806, 818 (1975), “the government’s interest in ensuring the integrity and
efficiency of the trial at times outweighs the defendant’s interest in acting as his own lawyer,”
Martinez v. Court of Appeal, 528 U.S. 152, 162 (2000). To move successfully to represent
himself, a criminal defendant must “‘voluntarily and intelligently’ elect to conduct his own
defense,” and therefore the defendant “must first be ‘made aware of the dangers and
disadvantages of self-representation.’” Id. at 161–62 (quoting Faretta, 422 U.S. at 835) (internal
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 18
quotation marks omitted). Here, Myers showed through his words and his actions that he did not
sufficiently understand the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation. At the hearing on
his self-representation motion, when the district court posed questions to him to probe his
understanding of the risks of self-representation, Myers repeatedly interrupted the court, shook
his head, and even tried to walk away from the courtroom, despite being an imprisoned
defendant. The Government also produced Myers’s recorded jail calls in which Myers boasted
his plans to drag out trial and to cost the government as much as possible for the prosecution.
Indeed, Myers partially executed those plans by filing multiple interlocutory appeals to this
court, even though this court clearly lacked jurisdiction to consider those appeals from nonfinal
orders. While Myers may have genuinely desired to represent himself, he amply revealed that he
did not elect “intelligently” to represent himself with a sufficient understanding “of the dangers
and disadvantages of self-representation,” both through his inability to participate in orderly trial
proceedings, and through his stated plans to use trial as an opportunity to cost the government as
much as possible for the prosecution. The district court therefore properly denied Myers’s
motion to represent himself.
V.
Myers makes multiple challenges to his sentence of 360 months’ imprisonment, which
was the very bottom of his Guidelines range of 360 to 1,140 months’ imprisonment. None
succeeds.
Myers first argues that the district court miscalculated the amount of loss by including in
its calculation not just the intended loss to the original owners of the stolen motor homes, but
also the intended loss to the subsequent purchasers. When Myers stole motor homes, he
certainly intended a loss of the value of the stolen motor homes, whether measured by the fair
market value of the motor homes, or by the amount that the insurance companies paid to the
owners to cover their loss. In this case, however, Myers used the stolen motor homes for his
own enjoyment and then sold them to dealers of motor homes, fronting clone titles to pretend to
be the motor homes’ legitimate owner; and in most cases, as Myers must have known, secondary
victims bought those stolen motor homes before Myers’s thefts were revealed. When the thefts
were revealed, the stolen motor homes were taken away from the secondary victims and returned
No. 15-2238 United States v. Myers Page 19
to the original owners or their insurance companies. Myers therefore can be said to have
intended those losses to the secondary victims. While Myers responds that those secondary
victims had a claim against the dealers who sold the motor homes to them, the claim may not be
filed or filed successfully, and at least in one case had not been filed by the time of Myers’s
sentencing. These are the sorts of complications that often accompany loss calculations.
Because of such complications, “[t]he court need only make a reasonable estimate of the loss.”
USSG § 2B1.1 comment. 3. Furthermore, “[t]he sentencing judge is in a unique position to
assess the evidence and estimate the loss based upon that evidence,” and therefore on review,
“the court’s loss determination is entitled to appropriate deference.” Id. We overturn loss
determinations only when we find “clear error,” leaving us with “the definite and firm conviction
that a mistake has been committed.” United States v. Sosebee, 419 F.3d 451, 455 (6th Cir. 2005)
(quoting United States v. Ware, 282 F.3d 902, 907 (6th Cir. 2002)) (internal quotation marks
omitted). We are left with no such conviction here.
Myers also challenges as double-counting the district court’s applications of two
enhancements: Sophisticated Laundering Enhancement, USSG § 2S1.1(b)(3), and “Specific
Offense Characteristic,” USSG § 2B1.1(b)(10). Myers rests that challenge on a comment to the
laundering enhancement, USSG § 2S1.1(b)(3), comment. 5, which instructs not to apply that
enhancement if the conduct that triggers the § 2S1.1(b)(3) enhancement is the same conduct that
triggered the § 2B1.1(b)(10) enhancement. Here, different conduct triggered the two
enhancements. Myers’s base offense level for “conspiracy involving stolen property” is properly
enhanced under § 2B1.1(b)(10) for the complex scheme he used in stealing and transporting the
vehicles, in part by obtaining vehicles’ identification numbers and master keys. Myers also went
to great lengths to clone titles to those stolen motor homes before selling them by posing as their
legitimate owners—and that separate conduct separately qualifies Myers for the Sophisticated
Laundering Enhancement under USSG § 2S1.1(b)(3). The district court therefore properly
applied both enhancements.
|
github_open_source_100_1_538 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | # CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT!
# Generated by "Unix Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 2.8
example/CMakeFiles/parse_config.dir/parse_config.c.o: ../example/parse_config.c
example/CMakeFiles/parse_config.dir/parse_config.c.o: example/../yajl-2.0.1/include/yajl/yajl_common.h
example/CMakeFiles/parse_config.dir/parse_config.c.o: example/../yajl-2.0.1/include/yajl/yajl_tree.h
|
github_open_source_100_1_539 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using NUnit.Framework;
using Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Frends.Community.Oracle.Query.Tests
{
/// <summary>
/// THESE TESTS DO NOT WORK UNLESS YOU INSTALL ORACLE LOCALLY ON YOUR OWN COMPUTER!
/// </summary>
[TestFixture]
[Ignore("Cannot be run unless you have a properly configured Oracle DB running on your local computer")]
public class OracleQueryTests
{
// Problems with local oracle, tests not implemented yet
ConnectionProperties _conn = new ConnectionProperties
{
ConnectionString = "Data Source=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=xe)));User Id=SYSTEM;Password=<<your password>>;",
TimeoutSeconds = 300
};
[OneTimeSetUp]
public async Task OneTimeSetUp()
{
using (var connection = new OracleConnection(_conn.ConnectionString))
{
await connection.OpenAsync();
using (var command = new OracleCommand("create table DecimalTest(DecimalValue decimal(38,35))", connection))
{
await command.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
}
using (var command = new OracleCommand("insert into DecimalTest (DecimalValue) values (1.12345678912345678912345678912345678)", connection))
{
await command.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
}
using (var command = new OracleCommand("create table HodorTest(name varchar2(15), value number(10,0))", connection))
{
await command.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
}
using (var command = new OracleCommand("insert all into HodorTest values('hodor', 123) into HodorTest values('jon', 321) select 1 from dual", connection))
{
await command.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
}
}
}
[OneTimeTearDown]
public async Task OneTimeTearDown()
{
using (var connection = new OracleConnection(_conn.ConnectionString))
{
await connection.OpenAsync();
using (var command = new OracleCommand("drop table HodorTest", connection))
{
await command.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
}
using (var command = new OracleCommand("drop table DecimalTest", connection))
{
await command.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
}
}
}
[Test]
[Category("Xml tests")]
public async Task ShouldReturnXmlString()
{
var q = new QueryProperties { Query = @"select * from HodorTest" };
var o = new OutputProperties
{
ReturnType = QueryReturnType.Xml,
XmlOutput = new XmlOutputProperties
{
RootElementName = "items",
RowElementName = "item"
}
};
var options = new Options { ThrowErrorOnFailure = true };
Output result = await QueryTask.Query(q, o, _conn, options, new CancellationToken());
Assert.AreEqual(@"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-16""?>
<items>
<item>
<NAME>hodor</NAME>
<VALUE>123</VALUE>
</item>
<item>
<NAME>jon</NAME>
<VALUE>321</VALUE>
</item>
</items>", result.Result);
}
[Test]
[Category("Xml tests")]
public async Task ShouldWriteXmlFile()
{
var q = new QueryProperties { Query = @"select name as ""name"", value as ""value"" from HodorTest" };
var o = new OutputProperties
{
ReturnType = QueryReturnType.Xml,
XmlOutput = new XmlOutputProperties
{
RootElementName = "items",
RowElementName = "item"
},
OutputToFile = true,
OutputFile = new OutputFileProperties
{
Path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString() + ".xml")
}
};
var options = new Options { ThrowErrorOnFailure = true };
Output result = await QueryTask.Query(q, o, _conn, options, new CancellationToken());
Assert.IsTrue(File.Exists(result.Result), "should have created xml output file");
Assert.AreEqual(
@"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>
<items>
<item>
<name>hodor</name>
<value>123</value>
</item>
<item>
<name>jon</name>
<value>321</value>
</item>
</items>",
File.ReadAllText(result.Result));
File.Delete(result.Result);
}
/// <summary>
/// A simple query that fetches a decimal value from the database
/// </summary>
[Test]
[Category("Json tests")]
public async Task QueryDatabaseJSON()
{
var queryProperties = new QueryProperties { Query = "SELECT * FROM DecimalTest" };
var outputProperties = new OutputProperties
{
ReturnType = QueryReturnType.Json,
JsonOutput = new JsonOutputProperties()
};
var options = new Options { ThrowErrorOnFailure = true };
Output result = await QueryTask.Query(queryProperties, outputProperties, _conn, options, new CancellationToken());
Assert.AreNotEqual("", result.Result);
Assert.AreEqual(true, result.Success);
}
[Test]
[Category("Json tests")]
public async Task ShouldReturnJsonString()
{
var q = new QueryProperties { Query = @"select name as ""name"", value as ""value"" from HodorTest" };
var o = new OutputProperties
{
ReturnType = QueryReturnType.Json,
JsonOutput = new JsonOutputProperties(),
OutputToFile = false
};
var options = new Options { ThrowErrorOnFailure = true };
Output result = await QueryTask.Query(q, o, _conn, options, new CancellationToken());
Assert.IsTrue(string.Equals(result.Result, @"[
{
""name"": ""hodor"",
""value"": 123
},
{
""name"": ""jon"",
""value"": 321
}
]"));
}
[Test]
[Category("Json tests")]
public async Task ShouldWriteJsonFile()
{
var q = new QueryProperties { Query = @"select name as ""name"", value as ""value"" from HodorTest" };
var o = new OutputProperties
{
ReturnType = QueryReturnType.Json,
JsonOutput = new JsonOutputProperties(),
OutputToFile = true,
OutputFile = new OutputFileProperties
{
Path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString() + ".json")
}
};
var options = new Options { ThrowErrorOnFailure = true };
Output result = await QueryTask.Query(q, o, _conn, options, new CancellationToken());
Assert.IsTrue(File.Exists(result.Result), "should have created json outputfile");
Assert.AreEqual(@"[
{
""name"": ""hodor"",
""value"": 123
},
{
""name"": ""jon"",
""value"": 321
}
]",
File.ReadAllText(result.Result));
File.Delete(result.Result);
}
[Test]
[Category("Csv tests")]
public async Task ShouldReturnCsvString()
{
var q = new QueryProperties { Query = @"select name as ""name"", value as ""value"" from HodorTest" };
var o = new OutputProperties
{
ReturnType = QueryReturnType.Csv,
CsvOutput = new CsvOutputProperties
{
CsvSeparator = ";",
IncludeHeaders = true
}
};
var options = new Options { ThrowErrorOnFailure = true };
Output result = await QueryTask.Query(q, o, _conn, options, new CancellationToken());
StringAssert.IsMatch(result.Result, "name;value\r\nhodor;123\r\njon;321\r\n");
}
[Test]
[Category("Csv tests")]
public async Task ShouldWriteCsvFile()
{
var q = new QueryProperties { Query = "select * from HodorTest" };
var o = new OutputProperties
{
ReturnType = QueryReturnType.Csv,
CsvOutput = new CsvOutputProperties
{
CsvSeparator = ";",
IncludeHeaders = true
},
OutputToFile = true,
OutputFile = new OutputFileProperties
{
Path = Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString() + ".csv")
}
};
var options = new Options { ThrowErrorOnFailure = true };
Output result = await QueryTask.Query(q, o, _conn, options, new CancellationToken());
Assert.IsTrue(File.Exists(result.Result), "should have created csv output file");
File.Delete(result.Result);
}
}
}
|
github_open_source_100_1_540 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.SQLite;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using ServiceCore.CharacterServiceOperations;
namespace PacketCap
{
public class SQLiteConnect
{
//private SQLiteConnection conn;
public static Dictionary<int, Dictionary<string, double>> combineStats;
public static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, double>> classCombineStats;
public static Dictionary<int, string> idToItemClass;
public static Dictionary<int, string> idToQualityType;
public static Dictionary<int, string> idToEnhanceType;
public static Dictionary<int, int> idToEnchantMaxLevel;
public static Dictionary<int, Dictionary<string, double>> gemstoneStats;
public static Dictionary<int, string> idToGemstone;
public static Dictionary<int, int> idToGemstoneRank;
public static string[] StatList;
public static SQLiteConnection conn;
public static Dictionary<string, string> statToReadableStat;
public static void SetupDicts() {
conn = new SQLiteConnection("Data Source=heroes.db3;Version=3");
conn.Open();
StatList = getStatsList();
ReadCombineCraftPartsInfo();
ReadGemstoneInfo();
statToReadableStat = new Dictionary<string, string> {
{"ATK","ATT"},
{"MATK","MATT"},
{"DEX","AGI"},
{"WILL","WIL"},
{"LUCK","LUK"},
{"STAMINA","Stamina"},
{"ATK_Speed","Attack Speed"},
{"ATK_Absolute","Additional Damage"},
{"Res_Critical","Critical Resistance"},
{"PVP_ATK","PVP ATT"},
{"PVP_MATK","PVP MATT"},
{"PVP_DEF","PVP DEF"},
{"TOWN_SPEED","Movement Speed(Town)"},
{"ATK_LimitOver","Remove ATT limit"},
};
}
private static void ReadGemstoneInfo() {
gemstoneStats = new Dictionary<int, Dictionary<string, double>>();
string sql = "SELECT * FROM GemstoneInfo";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
idToGemstone = new Dictionary<int, string>();
idToGemstoneRank = new Dictionary<int, int>();
while (reader.Read()) {
Dictionary<string, double> stats = new Dictionary<string, double>();
LoadStats(reader, stats);
int id = int.Parse(reader["ID"].ToString());
gemstoneStats[id] = stats;
idToGemstone[id] = reader["ItemClass"].ToString();
idToGemstoneRank[id] = int.Parse(reader["Grade"].ToString());
}
}
public static string EnchantNumToLevel(int enchant) {
switch (enchant) {
case 1:
return "F";
case 2:
return "E";
case 3:
return "D";
case 4:
return "C";
case 5:
return "B";
case 6:
return "A";
case 7:
return "9";
case 8:
return "8";
case 9:
return "7";
case 10:
return "6";
case 11:
return "5";
}
return "-1";
}
private static void ReadCombineCraftPartsInfo() {
combineStats = new Dictionary<int, Dictionary<string, double>>();
classCombineStats = new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, double>>();
idToItemClass = new Dictionary<int, string>();
idToEnhanceType = new Dictionary<int, string>();
idToQualityType = new Dictionary<int, string>();
idToEnchantMaxLevel = new Dictionary<int, int>();
string sql = "SELECT * FROM CombineCraftPartsInfo";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Dictionary<string, double> stats = new Dictionary<string, double>();
LoadStats(reader, stats);
int id = int.Parse(reader["ID"].ToString());
idToItemClass[id] = reader["ItemClass"].ToString();
combineStats[id] = stats;
string itemClass = reader["ItemClass"].ToString();
classCombineStats[itemClass] = stats;
idToEnhanceType[id] = reader["EnhanceType"].ToString();
idToQualityType[id] = reader["QualityType"].ToString();
int.TryParse(reader["EnchantMaxLevel"].ToString(), out int enchantMaxLevel);
if (enchantMaxLevel == 0) {
enchantMaxLevel = 100;
}
idToEnchantMaxLevel[id] = enchantMaxLevel;
}
}
private static void LoadStats(SQLiteDataReader reader, Dictionary<string, double> stats) {
for (int i = 0; i < reader.FieldCount; i++)
{
string stat = reader.GetName(i);
if (StatList.Contains(stat))
{
double newVal = double.Parse(reader[stat].ToString());
if (newVal != 0)
{
if (stats.TryGetValue(stat, out double val))
{
stats[stat] = val + newVal;
}
else
{
stats[stat] = newVal;
}
}
}
}
}
public static string GetIcon(string itemClass) {
string sql = "SELECT Icon FROM ItemClassInfo WHERE ItemClass = '" + itemClass + "' LIMIT 1";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
return reader["Icon"].ToString();
}
return "";
}
public static string GetAbilityClass(int id) {
string sql = "SELECT * FROM AbilityClassInfo WHERE ID=" + id.ToString();
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
return reader["AbilityClass"].ToString();
}
return "";
}
public static void ApplyEnchantStats(string enchant, Dictionary<string, double> stats, out string buff)
{
string sql = "SELECT * FROM EnchantStatInfo WHERE EnchantClass = '" + enchant + "'";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
buff = "";
while (reader.Read())
{
string statStr = reader["Stat"].ToString();
MatchCollection mc = Regex.Matches(statStr, @"([@A-Za-z_]+)([+-]){?([0-9]+)}?");
foreach (Match m in mc) {
string diffStr = m.Groups[2].ToString() + m.Groups[3].ToString();
double diff = double.Parse(diffStr);
string stat = m.Groups[1].ToString();
if (stat.StartsWith("@"))
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.Append(stat);
sb.Remove(0, 1);
sb.Append("_");
sb.Append(diff);
buff = sb.ToString();
}
else {
if (stats.TryGetValue(stat, out double val))
{
stats[stat] = val + diff;
}
else
{
stats[stat] = diff;
}
}
}
}
}
public static int GetMaxQuality(string qualityType) {
string sql = "SELECT DISTINCT Quality FROM QualityStatInfo WHERE ItemType = '"+qualityType+"' ORDER BY Quality DESC LIMIT 1";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
int quality = int.Parse(reader["Quality"].ToString());
if (quality == 1) {
quality = 2;
}
return quality;
}
return -1;
}
public static void GetEnhanceQualityEnchant(string className, out string enhanceType, out string qualityType, out int enchantMaxLevel)
{
string sql = "SELECT EnhanceType,QualityType,EnchantMaxLevel FROM CombineCraftPartsInfo WHERE ItemClass = '" + className + "'";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
enhanceType = "";
qualityType = "";
enchantMaxLevel = 0;
while (reader.Read())
{
enhanceType = reader["EnhanceType"].ToString();
qualityType = reader["QualityType"].ToString();
enchantMaxLevel = int.Parse(reader["EnchantMaxLevel"].ToString());
}
}
public static int GetMaxEnhance(string enhanceType) {
string sql = "SELECT EnhanceLevel FROM EnhanceInfo WHERE EnhanceType='"+enhanceType+"' ORDER BY EnhanceLevel DESC LIMIT 1";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
return int.Parse(reader["EnhanceLevel"].ToString());
}
return 0;
}
public static bool getEquipItemStats(string itemClass, Dictionary<string, double> stats, out string qualityType, out string enhanceType) {
string sql = "SELECT * FROM EquipItemInfo WHERE ItemClass='"+itemClass+"'";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
qualityType = "";
enhanceType = "";
while (reader.Read()) {
enhanceType = reader["EnhanceType"].ToString();
qualityType = reader["QualityType"].ToString();
LoadStats(reader, stats);
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static void ApplyEnhanceStats(int enhance, string itemType, Dictionary<string, double> stats)
{
string sql = "SELECT Stat,Value,ValueType FROM EnhanceStatInfo WHERE EnhanceLevel = " + enhance.ToString() + " and EnhanceType='" + itemType + "'";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
string stat = reader["Stat"].ToString();
double modifier = double.Parse(reader["Value"].ToString());
string valueType = reader["ValueType"].ToString();
if (valueType == "Multiply")
{
if (stats.TryGetValue(stat, out double val))
{
stats[stat] = (val * (1 + modifier));
}
}
else {
if (stats.TryGetValue(stat, out double val))
{
stats[stat] = (val + modifier);
}
else
{
stats[stat] = modifier;
}
}
}
}
public static void ApplyQualityMultiplier(int quality, string itemType, Dictionary<string,double> stats)
{
string sql = "SELECT Stat,Value FROM QualityStatInfo WHERE Quality = " + quality.ToString() + " and ItemType='" + itemType + "'";
SQLiteCommand command = new SQLiteCommand(sql, conn);
SQLiteDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
string stat = reader["Stat"].ToString();
double multiplier = 1+double.Parse(reader["Value"].ToString());
if (stats.TryGetValue(stat, out double val)) {
stats[stat] = (int)(val * multiplier);
}
}
}
public static string[] getStatsList() {
Array statsArr = Enum.GetValues(typeof(Stats));
string[] statStrs = new string[statsArr.Length+1];
for (int i = 0; i < statsArr.Length; i++) {
statStrs[i] = statsArr.GetValue(i).ToString();
}
statStrs[statsArr.Length] = "ATK_LimitOver";
return statStrs;
}
}
}
|
bpt6k46399303_2 | French-PD-Newspapers | Public Domain | » L'ancien vénérable de la, loge « Les amis de Sully », de B,rest, M. Edern, est venu déclarer à la tribune que Le Gall avait apporté des fiches il la loge et que lui, vénérable, avait refusé de les transmet,re, bien qu'il en ait envoyé d'autres, parce qu'il savait que Le Gall s'entendait, avec l'industriel furieux de ce qu'une commande de plusieurs millions avait été rejetée comme mauvaise par M. Maissin. n Finalement, un ordre du jour de protestation contre le déplacoment du directeur a été voté et de blâme contre Le Gall, qui a agi sans consulter le nersonnel. » Trois délégués ont été nommés pour se rendre auprès du ministre ; ils emporteront les preuves de ce qu'ils avancent, y compris les lettres adressées Li la loge. » Une fête républicaine à St-Claud -On nous écrit : A l'occasion de l'inauguration de la nouvelle caserne de gendarmerie, la municipalité et le comité républicain de Sailnt-Claud avaient organisé. dimanche dernier, sous la présidence de M. Pommeray, préfet de la Charente, une grande fète républicaine ptour célébrer la victoire électorale des 6 et 20 mai. A deux heures, M. le préfet arrive dans la charmante petite cité toute pavoisée de drapeaux. Il est reçu par M. le maire de Saint-Claud, entouré de son conseil municipal, et aussitôt le cortège officiel se forme. Précédés de la fanfare « Les enfants du Son. n, nous nous dirigeons vers la gendarmerie, située avenue de la Gare, Aux côtés de M. le préfet, nous remarquions, avec M. Feuillet, maire de Saint-Claud et conseiller ('arrancti&Sement, MM. Blanchier et Brisson. sénateurs de la Charente ; Babaud-Lacroze, député ; Léonide Babaud-Lacroze, sous-chef de cabinet de M. Je minier tre des travaux publics ; M. Morinet, conseiller général çh-1 canton ; Pascaud, conseiller d'arrondissement ; Laffarge, .sous-préfet de l'arrondissement ; Lemaire, président du tribunal civil de Contiens, etc. Tous les maires de§ communes du canton sont également là ; la foule est considérable. Beaucoup de dames. Nous voici arrivés. La nouvelle caserne est rapidement visitée. C'est un coquet bâtiment ou rien. n'a été négligé sous, le rapport de la salubrité et du confort et MM. les gendarmes seront là comme des princes. Si bien, dit M. le préfet, qu'ils ne voudront plus en partir. Les notabilités prennent place sur une estrade ornée de feuillage et de drapeaux tricolores, dressée dans la cour. M. Feuillet, maire, lit les lettres de M. le commandant et de M. le capitaine'de gendarmerie e^prima.ftt leurs regretsde ne pouvoir assister à L'inauguration. En excellents termes, il remercie M. de préfet d'avoir bien voulu accepter la présidence' de cette fête civique et MM. les représentants républicains qui SO!)., venus en rehausser l'éclat par leur -px-ésence." Il a égarement un aimable pour M. La.bOlsne, architecte, et M. Roby, entrepreneur, sous la direction desquels, les travaux se sont effectués d'une façon irréprochable. 'Après avoir célébré les mérites de cette arme d'élite qu'est la, gendarmerie, il appelle tout particulièrement l'attention des pouvoirs publics et de M. le IITÜlhs.tre de la guerre sur le brigadier Lérat, dont les vingt ans de bons et loyaux services ont bien mérité la médaille militaire. M. le préfet répond à M. Feuillet, Son discours, plein d'humour, est haché d'applaudissements. Il a été heureux, dit-il, d'accepter la présidence de cette fête qui le met en rapports plus étroits avec les vaillants républicains de l'arrondissement de Confolens, dont il a le plaisir de saluer le député toujours élu, M. Babaud-Lacroze. son ancien collègue à la Chambre. Eh un superbe élan, M. le préfet détaille l'œuvre réformatrice de la République : l'instruction partout 'répandue ; la réduction à deux ans du service militaire, sans que la sécurité nationale en soit amoindrie; l'égalité de tous devant cet impôt du sang ; l'amélioration constante du sort des travailleurs, etc. La péroraison de M. le préfet est accueillie par 'les cris de : Vive le Préfet ! Vive la Repu.blique ! Après quelques instants laissés aux amis disséminés clans la foule pour sa retrouver et Ise serrer la main, le cortège se reforme et, toujours musique en tête, se dirige vers la salle du banquet. C'est la halle aux grains qui a dû être aménagée spécialement pour contenir les nombreux convives. Elle est d'ailleurs décorée avec beaucoup de goût de guirlandes, de feuillages et de drapeaux et d'un écusson en broderie dû, paraît-il, aux mains expertes de Mme Feuillet. Le couvert, dressé sur quatre longues tables a le plus appétissant aspect. Gràce à la précaution prise par les organisateurs de grouper les convives par communes, chacun trouve rapidement sa place et une fois assis est un peu. comme en famille. M. le préfet préside, ayant à sa droite MM. Feuillet, Brisson. BIanchier, Laffarge, et à sa gauche MM. Babaud-Lacroze, Morinet, Lemaire, Uonide Babaud-Lacro.ze. Remarqu.és également il la table d'honneur MM. Jiolly et Ribet-te, adjoints au maire d,e Confolens ; Richon, juge de paix à Confolens' ; les conseillers municipnux de Saint-Claud, etc. Diner excellent et bien servi. Au dessert, Ti Feuillet lit les lettres d'excuses de MM. Limouzain-Laplanche, sénateur ; Mairat, Mulac, Raynaud, Gérald, députés ; Carnot. président, du conseil 'général dp la Charente ; M. île secrétaire général, etc., exprimant leurs regrets de ne pouvoir assister à cette belle fête républicaine. A nouveau, M. Feuillet remercie M. le préfet et les diverses autorités présentes au banquet ; à. tous, il adresse un salut fraternel et un cordial merci. Il félicite chaudement M. Babaud>Lacroze du succès remporté le 6 mai. Rappelant les élections antérieures, il montre que la confian-ce des électeurs en leur élu n'a cessé de crol. tre, grâce à la bienveillance, à d'activité et au dévouement de celui-ci pour la défense des intérêts de son cher arrondissement de Confolens. Nous avons, ajoute-t-il, enregistré avec joie les magnifiques .succès obtenus dans les au. tres arrondissements de la Charente, dont Cognac, le seul réfractaire, voudra sûrement sui.vre l'exemple. Les élections de 1906 ont été l'approbation catégorique de la loi du 9 décembre 1905 sur la séparation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat, cette loi si sage, si bienveillante, mesure d'émancipation civique et sociale, et nous applaudissons vivement à l'idée du gouvernement de l'appliquer, intégralement. M. Morinet, conseiller général, en une sur perbe improvisation, rappelle son prédécesseur, M. Courteneuve et tout ce qu'il avait fait pour l'embellissement de Saint-Claud. Sa voix émue et véhémente évoque les sou-venirs du passé : la République ramassant le drapeau sur un sol souillé de .sang et de boue, livré aux horreurs de l'occupation étrangère et grandissant, malgré les embûches de toute sorte, d'adversaires qui n'ont jamais désarma. 1.1 examine à son tour l'œuvre du gouvernement républicain : loi militaire, laïcisation, loi sur l'assistance des vieillards, loi sur la séparation enfin, qui. dit-il, recevra sûrement son. application, malgré l'opposition impuissante d'un pape étranger inspiré par deux jésuites étrangers. Dans ce canton, dit M. Morinet, nous voulons une République sage, respectueuse de la liberté et de la propriété idmduelle, mais aussi résolument réformatrice et dont IR principale pi coocupatiofi e ra de poursui vrc l'c'■ " v '.j, rt..r,î * tion du sort des prolétaires. M. Bahand-I aeroze, députa, se ^ „ tour. « Du moment, dit-il, où il s'agissait aujourd'hui de glorifier la République "et l'armée nationale le devoir de votre vieux député était d'être au milieu de vous. » Après une évocation des luttes du passé avec les Duclaud, les Courteneuve, les Pascaud les des Allées, il rappelle que plus récemment la halle aux grains de Saint-Claud, ce soir salle de banquet, a été te tombeau politique de la réaction confolentai.se, Il a rempli de son mieux le mandat qui lui a été confié ; depuis 17 ans bientôt, tous ses efforts ont toujours tendu à assurer aux humbles et aux petits plus de bien-être et de justice. Dans l'avenir, comme dans le passé, il défendra les droits de la société laïque contre les attaques sans cesse renouvelées du cléricalisme. M. Brisson, sénateur, en une courte mais charmante allocution, se fait vivement applaudir. Puis l'honorable M. Blanchier, avec son talent. habitue!, s'attache lt montrer ce qu'ont voulu les républicains de Saint-Claud : fêter le grand et inoubliable succès que la République a remporté sur toutes les réactions coalisées. Cette victoire, dit-il, fait. honneur à d'union et à la discipline du parti républicain A côté de Confolens, où le succès était relativement facile, nous avons vu. les républicains de Ruffec reconquérir le si&ge qu'ils' avaient perdu par .suite d'une éguiv.oque soigneusement entretenue, et Angonlême, qui semblait le siège inamovible de la. réaction, secouer le joug et assurer à notre compatriote et ami M, Matrat un .succès tel que ses ad-versair&s en. sont encore tout consternés Nous triomphons, c'est bien ! mais restons soigneusement sur la brèche, car notre ennemi est de ceux qui ne désarment jamais. En un exposé lumieeux, le sympathique sénateur montre ensuite ce qu'est Réellement la loi de séparation. Il s'élève contre les prétentions de l'Eglise qui ne peut se résoudre à se contenter de ce qui suffit aux autres. Le pape, dit-il, ne veut pas des associations ciii-tuelles. Libre à lui. Les églises n'en resteront pas moins à la disposition de ceux qul voudront aller s'y recueillir ou y prier. Le, gouvernement prendra seulement les mesures nécessaires pour que les biens des fabriques ne soient point détournés de leur destination La République veut donner à tous la liberté, toute la liberté, mais rien que la liberté, et jamais l'Eglise n'obtiendra d'elle le droit à l'oppre^ sion. Le peuple jugera l Les bravos et les applaudissements. répétés ont. montré combien l^jditoire gobait les paroles, de l'irré^tible démocrate qu'est M. Blanoliif^.. M. le préfet clôt la série des discours. En un style imagé, il montre combien a été grand1 le succès républicain et combien importante la victoire des 6 et 20 mai. Le flot républicain a submergé les débr's épars de la réaction. Le.s masses rurales ont donné leur confiance à la République et cette confiance ne sera pas trompée. Nous pouvons déjà dire à nos ad versaires: « Rappelez-vous dans quel état vous nous avez laissé la France et voyez ce que nous en avons fait ! Il s M. le préfet recommande à tous l'union, seul moyen de toujours triompher et il tennine par un toast à M. Fallière<s, président 'de la République, dont la présidence sera. féconde pour l l'éclat toujours plus grand de la. France et de i la République. ; Ce toast est salué de vifs a.pplaudissementa et de cris répétés de : Vive le Président 1 Vive M. le Préfet ! Vive la République ! L'enthousiasme est général. M. le préfet, pressé de rentrer à Angoulême, 5 quitte ses administrés après de chaleureuses poignées de main. c Déjà s'organise la retraite aux flambeaux et S tout Ù. l'heure DU grand baj. public viendra ter miner cette fête qui .constitue une belle et bonne journée pour la République. Aussi dorons ce compte rendu en disant après M. le préfet : Honneur à Saint-Claud ! — UN ASSISTANT. CHRONIQUE LOCALE NOUVELLES GÉNÉRALES 12° légion de gendarmerie La pension suivante a été accordée : M .Ernest-Eugène Landreau, maréchal des logis, gendarme; 6 ans, Tl mois, 7 j.ours de services, 905 fr. Retiré à Angoulême, Le chèque postal Il est question de réaliser prochainement, en France une réforme qui obtient Je vif succès à l'étranger : nous voulons parler du chèque postal qui danne lieu, en ce moment, au ministère des postes., à des. études préparatoires dont les résultats apparaissent comme des plus favorables. Le chèque postal fonctionne, notamment, en Suisse, depuis le 1er janvier dernier, à la satisfaction de tous. L'Autriche-Hongrie l'a adopté, il y a longtemps, et n'a pas eu davantage à s'en repentir. Le carnet de chèques est remis contre une provision ne pouvant être inférieure à, cent francs. Si l'on a uni paiement à effectuer, il suffit, de détacher une feuille du carnet, à la remplir comme un chèque ordinaire et à l'envoyer à son correspondant. Celui-ci peut, à oillonté, encaisser le montant du chèque ou endosser ce dernier à l'ordre d'urne tierce ,personne. Si le correspondant possède, lui-même. uin dépôt à la poste, il lui est loisible de remettre son chèque et de faire créditer son compte de la somme qu'il représente. On, le vîiit : rien de plus simple, ni de plus commode. En Autriche, la poste sert aux titulaires de carnets de chèques un intérêt de 2 % de leur dépôt et leur fait payer un droit proportionnel de 1/4 -ou de 1/8 sur leurs débits, suivant l'importance de ceux-ci, plus un droit fixe et très modique pour chaque opération. Les conseils municipaux La quatrième session ordinaire des conseils municipaux du département de la Charente, dite .session de novembre, .s'ouvrira, pour la présente a.nnée 1906, le dimanche 4 novembre prochain, et durera quinze jours. C'est au cours de cette session que doivent être dressées les listes des personnes appelées à être désignées! par les sous-préfets comme répartiteurs suppléants. Ces listes doivent comprendre vingt personnes choisies, savoir : douze parmi les, propriétaires fonciers de la commune et y résidant, et les huit autres parmi les propriétaires de la, même catégorie domiciliés au dehors. Cette liste sera adressée à la préfecture pour l'arrondissement d'Angoulême et à chaque sous-préfecture pour les autres arrondissements, avant le 30 novembre prochain. Fondation Carnot -Le préfet de la Charent ranoelle à MM. les r,(,, us-préfets et maires du département crue les demandes relatives au concours pour les prix de Ja. fondation Carnot (secours à des veuves d'ouvriers chargées cl'enfantls), devront parvenir à la préfecture avant le 31 décembre " date de rigueur. Prix de vertu M. le préfet de, la Charente adresse aux maires une circulaire disant : « L'Académie-Française, qui a la mission de décerner les prix dont M. de Montyon et d'autres personnes bienfaisantes lui ont confié le dépôt, me prie de faire .connaître à ceux de mes administrés' qui, par des actes éclatais (],e vertu ou d'une conduite éminemmentvertueuse, pourraient avoir des. droits aux récompenses qui seront décernées dans la séance publique de 1907. » Je vous prie, en conséquence, de me signaler des personnes qui, à votre connaissance, rempliraient les conditions sus-indiquées. A ce sujet, je vous recommande de procéder avec le plus grand soin aux enquêtes réglementaires et de me faire parvenir les dossiers avant le 31 décembre 1906, terme de rigueur. » Baccalauréat Sont admissibles à la première partie du baccalauréat de l'enseignement secondaire : 1° Série latin-grec : Boreau-Lajanadie, Cheyrou-Lagrèzc, Penot, fPrétfwdoux. 2 Série latin langues vivantes : Babaud de Monvallirer Chartier. 3° Série latin-sciences : Daras, Gobaud, Martin, Gallenier de Mierry, Mathelion, Vignaud. 4° Série sciences 'langues vivantes : Boucherie, Dang.lade, Garriguene, Gauchon'. M'o.g;nan, lVfailllO, Mangou, Richard, Viaud. A la deuxième partie du baccalauréat mathé-mathiques : Bosselut, Ducrot, Fusil. rwv Sont reçus définitivement : 1° Au baccalauréat classique (lettres-philOisophie) : Boula y. Cornier, Depesseville, Du-chiron, Garvat, 'Martin, Pégourié, Proust, Thoyon'. 2° A -la deuxième partie du baccalauréat (philosophie) : Baudry, Cartron, Galand, Gué-rv, Moulinier, Rouhauæ. 3° A la deuxième partie du baccalauréat (mathématiques,f" f Baudouin, Bignier, Bon..naud, Bujard, Buot, Bussac. Demay, B. Dreux, Brugère, Husse, Lacouche, Larue, Mauget, Picat, Reycondaud, Rigaud, Robin. 4° A la. première partie du baccalauréat (série Latin-grec) : Aubrun, Breyer, Brunaud, Charier Châtillon, Delétang, Douadic, Fortin, Girâudias. ANGOULÊME Accident du travail Lundi, vers. une heure de l'après-midi, M. San sari c, ouvrier maçon, est tombé d'une maison en démolition, rampe du Palet-à-Cy-bard.. Dans sa chute, d'une hauteur de 5 mètres environ, le malheureux ouvrier s'est fait de nombreuses et graves blessures, notamment il. la tempe .gauche ; il s'est également fracturé le poignet gauche. Transporté à la pharmacie Trion, à Saint-Cybard, le blessé y areçu les soins les plus empressés. Il 11 pu ensuite être conduit à son domicile, place Sully. A propos d'une démission Le. comité de la Ligue des droits de l'homme et du citoyen (section d'Angoulême) s'est réuni dimanche soir. Le comité a eu à se prononcer sur la démission, du secrétaire général. Celui-ci prétextait son état de santé. Le comité a. refusé d'accepter cette dômission, en laissant entendre qu'elle eiait plutôt, due à des raisons d'ordre administratif et qu'il désirait couvrir son secréta.ire. Inspection des comestibles Pendant la. semaine écoulée, le service d'inspection des viandes et comestibles a. procédé à la saisie de : 150 kilos cte viande de vache, pour tuberculose ; 200 kilos de veau mprt-né ; 135 kilos de poissons et mollusques ; 6 kilos de champignons' avariés et vénéneux. Faits police Lundi, la police a verbalisé : lo Contre Mme Rosa C..., logeuse en garni, pour ne pas tenir à jour son, livre de logeuse. 2° Contre Jean. D..., ouvrier peintre, pour violence. Plusieurs nomades qui stationnaient po'rt L'Houmeau, ont été expulsés par la police. Brevet supérieur Les examens du brevet supérieur (jeunes filles) ont commencé, lundi, à Angoulême. Vingt-huit aspirantes se sont présentées. " Voirie Nous avons, dans un précédant numéro, signalé l'heureuse idée qu'avait eu le service des ponts et chaussées en faisant disparaître, en les écrasant les cailloux pointus qui émergeaient de la chaussée, route de Bordeaux. Le Service des ponts et chaussées ne. s'en est pas tenu à ces premiers travaux, et à l'heure actuelle un groupe de cantonniers, effectue la même amélioration, dans La, partie non payée de l-a rue -de Périgueux. Capture des chiens Lundi, une vingtaine de chiens trouvés errant dans les rues de ,la ville ont été capturés. Avis aux propriétaires, de chiens qui ne se conformeraient., pas aux clauses de l'arrêté municipal. Pavage des voies publiques Le mercredi 21 novembre, à trois heures du soir, il sera procédé, à la mairie d'Angoulême, à l'adjudication au rabais et par voie de soumissions cachetées, de la fourniture des matériaux et de main-d'oeuvre nécessaires au pavage et à l'entretien des voies navées, trottoirs cassis, revers, etc., dans toute l'étendue de -la commune. L'entreprise aura une durée de cinq ans, à compter du 1er janvier 1907. Les travaux et fournitures à exécuter annuellement peuvent être évalués à 20,000 fr. par ,an. Cautionnement, 3,000 francs. La série des prix, cahier des charges et les conditions de l'entreprise seront déposés au secrétariat de la mairie, où toute personne pourra en prendre communication. Observations météorologiques Station d'Angoulême (altitude 94 m. 50) : 23 octobre 1906. Pression barométrique du lieu : 759,3. ' Température maxima de la veille : 23,2. -~~ Température minima de la nuit; . 14,2 Température à. neuf heures du matin : 18°. Etat hygrométrique oui humidité de l'air : 65. Direction et intensité du, vent : u faible. Hauteur barométrique au niveau de la. mer : 767,8. Probabilités. — Très beau temps ; vent dos régions sud. Température voisine de ln normale.: ... Club des mandolinistes On nous communique 'La. note suivante : « Le Club ,dies, mandolinistes d'Angoulême vient de reprendre le cours régulier de ses réunions et. à cette occasion, il fait appel aux musiciens èonn-OÀgsant. la. mandoline. » Lespersonnes réunissantces conditions et désireuses de faire partie de la Société, soxîl? priées de bien vouloir se faire inscrire chez M. G. Ebrard, directeur de la Société, place des Halles, 5. » Etat civil Naissances. — Le 18 octobre, Jean-Gérûme-André Desfarges, 'rampe Nord-du-Port, 12. Publications de mariages. — Louis-Achille Devayre, poudrier, à Asnières (Charente), et Juliette, Chapon, ta,illeuse, aux "Gibauds. Mariages. — Le 20, Arthur Lemoine et Flavie Trapa.taud ; Louis-Georges Coral et Célina-Geneviève Tournepiche ; Félix-Jean Guillon et Mathilde Ordonnaud ; • Auguste Pressac et Jeanne David ; Hector Normand et Marie-Marguerite Bounichon ; Jean Bal-liou et Marie-Madeleine Pauline Olivier ; Alexandre. Doche et Amélie .Douoet. Décès. — Le 19, Louise Ozeral, épouse Si-gra, 30 ans, rue des Trois-Notre-Dame, 13 ; Marie Beaufort, veuve David, 80 ans, hÓpital ; Suzanne-Eugénie Lamiaud, 10 mois rue de la Corderie, 66 ; François Jouannet, 70 ans, rue de Bélat, 40 ; Joseph Dulac, 28 ans, hôpital ; le 20, Augustine Damy, veuve Souque, 29 ans, hôpital ; Marie-Jeanne Fré-quant, veuve Gauthier, 29 ans, rue de la Tranchade, 7 ; Elisa Troussard, épouse Fourgeaud, 23 ans, rue de la Tourgarnier, 40. TRIBUNE PUBLIQUE [Nous rappelons que les lettres publiées sous cette rubrique ,,Iti, sont sous la s eu'le responsabilité de leurs auteurs.] Angoulême, le 21 octobre 1906. Monsieur le directeur, Ainsi que votre journal l'a annoncé, une réunion importante des directeurs de la caisse d'épargne a eu lieu mercredi 16 octobre, elle avait pour but d'arrêter définitivement l'emplacement sur lequel serait construit le futur hôtel de la caisse d'épargne. Après une séance fort longue, à une voix de majorité, l'immeubl,e de Madame Duirantière, habité actuellement par M. Bastien, loueur de voitures, a été choisi défini tivemnt. C'est donc au coin de la, rue d'Aguesseau que sera édifié ce monument, qui coûtera, quoiqu'en disent les auteurs du projet, pius de trois' cent mille francs. Nous disons rue d'Aguesseau et non pas .place Marengo. En effet, le nouvel alignement de cette rue ne permettant pas d'avoir une façade place Marengo, on devra construire il dix mètres au moins en arrière de l'Epicerie parisienne et sur le prolongement de ia rue d'Aguesseau ; ce sera d'un, effet déplorable. De plus, la déclivité 'du terrain réserve aux auteurs du projet les plus désagréables surprises, nonseulement au point de vue de l'esthétique, mais encore au point de vue de la. dépense. Il faudra construire sur des voûtes ou monter un étage inutile à la caisse d'épargne. Il serait peut être temps encore de revenir sur une décision prise il une aussi faible majorité. L'emplacementchoisi par le conseil des directeurs' nous paraît inacceptable. Que l'hôtel de la caisse d'épargne soit construit place Marengo, soit ; mais pourquoi enterrer ce monument au fond dans la rue d'Agu,esseau. Pour faire bien, une dépense supplémentaire s'impose ; n'hésitez pas à la faire. On voit les difficultés qui se présentent et les sacrifices à consentir lorsqu'il s'agit de dégager certains de nos monuments. C'est ce qui se produit pour notre bel hôtel de ville. Nous savons que notre administration municipa'Ie a résolu la question d'une façon presque complète et satisfaisante. Avant longtemps le côté de la rue de l'Arsenal sera, complètement dégagé. D'autre part, nous reconnaissons que l'élargissement de la rue d'Aguesseau s'impose ; nous savons, d'ailleurs que cette question est l'objet des préoccupations de la municipalité, mais construire une caisse d'épargne dams cette rue pour amorcer une question de voirie, ce serait, croyons-nous, une lourde faute, un manque de goût et la ports ouverte à des dépenses imprévues. UN GROUPE DE CONTRIBUABLES. Nous rappelons que les lettres relatives à la rédaction, aux annonces, aux abonnements et aux imprimés doivent toujours être ainsi adressées : « Monsieur le directeur du journal la cc Charente », à Anqoulême. » Seules les lettres PERSONNELLES à M. Paul Mairat doivent porter son nom. Ceci pour éviter tout retard. Compagnie Française d'Assurances sur la Vie Entreprise privée assujettie au Contrôle de PÉtat Aiie^inAntîif'îftri du RAVAmi Le PHÉNIX offre les Taux les plus aoantagellX. ASSURANCES EN CAS DE DÉCÈS ET EN CAS DE VIE USUFRUITS — NUES-PROPRIÉTÉS Siège Social : 33, Ftue La Fayette, à Paris. AGENTS GÈïïKIUUX I)lr(S TOUS LES AnnoNDISSBKBlfTI. LE DÉPARTEMENT Marthon '110 Pondant que les époux DenÚpoux, cultivateurs au hameau de La'baurie, commune de Marthon, étaient aux champs, des malfaiteurs ont -pénétré dans leur demeure où ils ont volé une somune d.o. 300 fr. et un fusil. Chabanais V.J¡ Samedi dernier, les instituteurs et institutrices du canton de Chabanais étaient réunis sous la présidence de M. Rohert, inspecteur primaire à Confolens. pour leur conférence annuelle, dont le sujet était : L'enseignementde l'écriture. A la suite de la conférence, un déjeuner de famille, servi à l'hôtel de la Poste, a réuni autour -d.e leur chef la majorité des instituteurs du canton. Jarnac 'AI. M. le préfet de la Charente vient d'adresser un tcmoignag.e officiel de satisfaction à M. Jean-Roger-Marcelîh Durais, demeurant à Jarnac, à l'occasion du dévouement dont il a. fait preuve, le 8 septembre 1906, en portant secours à deux personnes en danger d'être brûlées vives. vw M. Labouérie, commissaire de police à Jarnac, est n.ommé' aux mêmes fonctions à Dol (Ille-etVilaine). Il est remplacé à Jarnac par M. Brun, commissaire de police à Licoin Pas-de-Calais). Echallat 'IA. Un vol de maïs estime 60' fr. a été commis aupréjudice de'M. C ha u veau, demeurant à VlllRrs, commune d'Echallat. Chantillac ';1, Une enquête e.st ouve.rte au sujet d'un vol d'un drap de lit qui auraiT été commis au .préjudice de M. Auger, du village de Chcz-Monier, commune de Chantillac. i. Barbezieux wv Etat civil. — Publication de mariae-e : Léonce Guichard, employé de commerce àVil-Iai;ds-en-Pons (Charente-Inférieure), et Marie-Eléonore Bonnin, lingère à Barbezieux. Mariage : le 15 octobre, Roger Moreau, comptable il Barbezieux, et Edith Lacombe, tailleuse à Barbezieux. Décès : le 14, Pierre Dumas, 58 ans, rue de la République. .vw Lti machine « Pollux » qui fait. le service de ballast sur ;La ligne de chemin de fer à Barbezieux à Sain:t-Mariens a déraillé vendredi, en revenant, de transporter des wagons près du passage il niveau de la. route de Chalais. Il y a quelques dégâts matériels, mais il a. fallu travailler jusqu'à samedi soir, pour la remettre en place. C'est dans une courbe que la machine qui marchait, à une alluIi8 très modérée, a déraillé. L'accident serait dû à la charge. Potcheresse vw Dimanche a eu lieu dans la commune de !i-lorc,h,ere.sse. une élection pour la nomination d'une conseiller municipal, en remplacement-de M. Verdaud, maire, 'décède. M. Guittard, propriétaire au Verger, a été élu. Villefagnan vw Le 20 octobre dernier, les instituteurs et institutrices, du can.ton de Villefagnan étaient réunis au complet, en conférence pédagogique, sous la présidence de M. Rolland, inspecteur primaire. Le sujet traité a été : « I}enseigncmenL de l'écriture à l'école primaire ». Chasseneuil vw Vendredi &oir, le fils de M. Banlin, entrepreneur de travaux publics à Chasseneuil, était occupé sur un échafaudage, lorsque, perdnnt, fout à coup l'équilibre, il tomba sur -la tête d'une hauteur de plusieurs mètres. Il s'est fait de sérieuses blessures. Un pharmacien, en l'absence du docteur Niort, a donné les premiers soins au blessé. Taponnat 'AI. M. Tramoit, propriéta'ire à la Chassa-gne, commune de Taponnat, s'est. suicidé d'un coup de fusil. Montmoreau vwDans l'après-midi de vendredi, M. Jar-raud, employé à la grande vitesse, à Mont-morea-u. s'aperçut qu'un colis de cent francs, appartenant à Mine Clavaud., avait tout à coup disparu du hall des marchandises ; il fil, blir une surveillance par la gendarmerie ï Mont.morea.u. L'opération réussit à mert et le voleur, un. nommé Auguste Barbot, n chand forain à Angoulême, que l'on avait rôder aux abords de la gare, durant une ] de la journée, fut arrêté au moment oll il nait le train do 8 h. 43. Barbot a été én samedi à la prison de Barbezieux. « i~i LA VIE SPORTIVE FOOT-BALL RUGBY Dimanche dernier, sur le terrain de La Plante, s'est jouée une partie amicale entre l'équipe seconde de l'Union sportive cognaçaist" eX l'équipe première de l'Âssociat.ion. sportive Verriers. L'Union sportive a gagné par 25 points ', 0. DANS LA RÉGION Gironde vw A l'arrivée à Pauillac du paquebot « Arnî-ral-Nieiiy », dont le port d'attache est le vre, on a découvert, dimanche, dans le c .t de sauvetage, cinq jeunes gens de douz' <V quatorze ans, nommes : Bocquet, Duehemui, Fontaine, Marchand et Lepage, qui, hantée tij désir de voyager depuis qu'ils avaient lu IH* récits de Jules Verne, avaient décide en Ire eux d'accomplir une longue traversée. Sous la conduite du plus lcé de la ba Eugène Bocquet, ils s'étaient gtissés, au f fa -vre, sans être aperçus à bord du paquebf.! •; f, s'étaient dissimulés sous la toile goudronnée qui recouvre le canot de sauvetage. Pcnda.nt lirois jours les fugitifs se sont n ' ris des vivres don4 le canot était abond nient pourvu ; mais ils n'avaient pas dj i pour boire, et ils furent soumis à une vent' torture. A Pauillac, la, souffrance étant forte, ils se montrèrent au 'capitaine, qui i fit donner à boire. Les malheureux plongèrent la tête d,,tn ! tbaquet d'eau qui leur fut apporté et aspirè!reu é goulûment le liquide dont ils étaient priver depuis trois longs jours. Leur soif apaisée, les cinq explorateurs 'M;-rcnt. interrogés. Ils déclarèrent avoir eu n. ten.ti'on de gagner l'Amérique et d'y vivrtj: «in produit de leurs chasses, comme aut,r<i' « Robinson Crusoë ». Le capitaine du navire admonesta pale? lement les gamins et s'ocoupa ensuite d-q faire rapatrier. Les familles ont été avisée). H Imprimés pour le Commerce f| M ET L'INDUSTRIE ^|| M Factures, Têtes de Lettre ÏST 44 Enveloppes AA* kL Traites, Mémorandums yy, àk Circulaires j XX Cartes d'adresse, Avis de passage Yf> AA Lettres de voilure M' PRIX TRÊS àlODÉRÊS FAITS DIVERS Accident d'automobile M. de Rongé, conseiller général de Mc:^-. et-Loire, passait en automobile avec sa' u>-mille, près de la g.a.re de Segré. Soudain le <Ï'" teur fit explosion-, et toute la machine voir. éclats. Les voyageurs furertt projetés sur le sol U de Rougé avait une grave blessure à la !<-•, Sa femme était al teinte à la jambe par éclats. Le chauffeur il été arrêté : une enquête :è ouverte. La propagande antimilitariste L'organe de la confédération générale An travail, la VoLe d'u ]Jrl/plr, ayant publia A nouveau, au, mom.pnt du départ. de la cla--quelques jours avant l'ouverture du con. 'i syndical. d'Amiens, les iilush'at.ions du rn:','-ro antimilitariste saisi déjà l'année demi le juge d'instruction de Marseille a ouvert instruction, et cité à comparaître devant ii#i le gérant du journal, M. Vignaud. membre comité de la. fédération des syndicats des vriers coiffeurs. Celui-ci a. refusé de se rendre il Marseil] ù a demandé il être interroge il. Paris par cv»i-mission rogatoire. Non seulement le juge pas fait droit à cette demande, mais. devar îo refus du gérant de la Voix d'!I Peuple de y^-uh' coiinpara.ître, il a d('cerneT" 'èÍ}ntre lui un n,,.,n-dat d'a.m.cner en vertu duquel le service d" ia Sûreté a procède ('1 son arrestation. M. Vignaud a, été dirigé sur Marseille. Le Secret de l'Enfant Paul ROUGET TROISIÈME PARTIE IMPOSSIBLE AMOUR — Vous voyez bien que j'avais raison de .vous mettre en garde contre l'Impossible bonheur... vous voyez bien que j'avais raison de vous dire que, do vous il moi, il ne pouvait y avoir rien de commun. j) Je suis pauvre... vous êtes riche,,, » Vous appartenez à une famille noble et puissante. » Je n'ai pas de nom, je ne suis qu'un par ria, quelqu'un qu'on ne peut aimer sans rougir... Et comme il sentait que sa voix se faisait amèF-B : — J,e vous demande pardon... je ne dis pas ceiopour vous froisser, mademoiselle. » Vous êtes bonne.. vous êtes ue-lle... vous méritez d'être heureuse. » Et vous le serez plus tard. Un sanglot crevait dans sa gorge. Elle dit — N'en voulez pas à mon père, non plus. » ... Il n'est pas responsable... » .., Il y a quelque chose.^. au-dessus de nous... qui a décidé notre malheur. » Il y a la Fatalité... il y a Dieu... D Nous devons nous' incliner. Il ne répondit pas. Les paroles étaient désormais inutiles. Résigné, il courbait la tête. Elle dit encone : — Courage. Elle lui tendit sa petite main qu'il prit en tremblant... Sans un mot, il la porta S ses lèvres. Quand il relva la. tête elle s'aperçut que ses yeux roulaient des larmes. Elle avait gardé da.ns la sienne, la main du jeune homme. Elle l'entraîna vers le oomte... ... Vers le comte qui... comprenant le désir de sa; fille... avait frâmi. Mais déjà elle était devant lui. Et, elle disait : Père... Boris va nous quitter avec ses compagnons... Il vient te dire adieu... Il part sans haine, courageusement, comme doit partir un homme brave et loyal... avant que de s en .al]er pour toujours il veutserrer ta main... Tends-la, lui. Le vieillard était, devenu blême. On eût dit que ses cheveux venaient de blanchir complètement. Ses lèvpes demeuraient crispées. Un lutte effroyable se livrait en lui. Pourtant il avança la, main... ... Il la, donna, au jeune homme... Au jeune homme à qui il avait fait tant de mal... mais iL cause de qui, lui aussi, Romane avait tant souffert !... souffrait tant en-core !... La minute était angoissante. Plus une parole ne fut prononcée. L'étreinte du comte et. de Boris fut brève. Pute celui-ci... la, tête basse, le cœur broyé s'en alla... se dirigea vers ia tente où les partisans étaient groupés... ^... Tandis que Loula, au bras de son père, s'éloignait... dans le petitsentier qui descendait, vers les plaines de la Bavière... Dans le petit, sentier qui conduisait à la gare, qu'on .apercevait au loin... à proximité d'un village. Là, le père eti la, fille prendraient le train, s'en iraient vers l'inconnu... Pas une fois, ils ne se retournèrent. Tous leurs nerfs étaient tendus par une volonté inflexible. Ils disparurent au tournant du chemin. Boris avait rejoint. ses compagnons. Il avait donné l'ordre de replier les tentes en hâte, et de partir. Ils allaient suivre la, direction du nord, afin de gagner Nuremberg, le lieu de rendez-vous fixé par Vareski, II revint vers lie plateau, où, tout à l'heure, la séparation avait eu lieu. Il regarda, du côté où le comte et sa fille s étaient éloignés. Mais on ne les apercevait plus. Ils étaient loin déjà. ■Un soupir gonfla la. poitrine du malheu.reux.. • Maintenant, c'était fini... jamais plus il ne les reverrait. !... Mais voici que, au nord, dans le lointain, il apercevait un grand mouvement de gens sur la route. Ses; yeux exercés reconnurent des roulottes... Une' troupe de bohémiens défilait là. On. eût dit l'exode d'uïr monde. Il allait faire comme, eux... recommencer la vie de hasards et d'aventures.., Et tout. à coup, tout. disparut à ses regards... Des larmes emplissaient. ses paupières... Il murmura : — A jamais, hélas ! A la môme heure... la comtesse Madeleine quittait le château des, Roches... se faisait con.duire à Carlsbad, pour de là, regagner la France. Où donc étaient partis Romane et Ariette... où allaient-ils vivre, se cacher S présent ? Sans doute elle nel le saurait jamais. Elle avait tant pleuré que la source de ses larmes était tarie... et que ses yeux secs, brillants, avaient une lueur inquiétante. Yvonne et Hugues, l'entouraient de soins comme ils eussent fait pour un enfant. On aurait dit que la mort allait prendre l'in-fortunée !,.? Par instants, Hugues la regardait, et un sourire indéfinissable errait sur ses lèvres. Il ûvait.,. le matin même... reçu une lettre de Paris'. Elle ne contenait qu'une ligne. , Celle-ci : « L'échéance approche. Ne l'oubliez pas. » TOURNIER. » Non, lui Hugues,, n'oubliait pas. Et. il glissait du côté de sa. tante Madeleine, un regard, trouble, singulier... Quelle pensée mauvaise poùvait-il donc encore avoir 9 C'était, là le secret de l'avenlr ! -, FIN DE LA TROISIÈME PARTIE QUATRIEME PARTIE AU FOND DU CŒUR !... 1 HEURES SOMBRES — Eh bien ? — Eh bien, j'ai fait buisson creux... Je re.viens bredouilla... gros Jean comme devant, si tu préfères. Ah ! c'est un petit monsieur sur lequel on met difficilement la. main, ma. pauvre l'délie, — Parce que tu n'as pas su t'y prendre. —■ Pais su m'y prendre, bonté divine ! Et qu'aurais-tu donc fait, à. ma place, lorsque, après t'a voir toisé avec insolence, un larbin, de l'Hôtel-Plage, comme à moi, t'aurait répondu : « Monsieur le vicomte Hugue Lackau ? Il est parti depuis ce matin en compagnie de son ami, monsieur Rodolphe Radzill, et de deux actrices du casino. » — Ce que j'aurais fait, demandes-tu 1 — Oui. — J'aurais déclaré au larbin : « Monsieur Hugues La.cka.u n'est pas là. Soit. Je vais attendre. » — C'est précisément ce que j'ai dit. Et ? ,—■ Et, à peine lui avais-je fait pa,r de ma détermination qu'il m'a ri au nez et qu'il s'est exclamé : « A votre aise... La rue appartient à tout Le monde... Vous pouvez, si tel est -Jotre bon plaisir, faire le pkRte-gru* én face'de -"''«me monsieur face le voS ° ' c -"'-'tablement, je crois devoir vuus dA ^ lir qU 'il faudra prolonger, très tard <_id.ns la. nuit, votre faction... Lorsque monsieur le vicomte est en bonne fortune, personne ne saurait, dire quand il rentrera, » Tourniier eut un soupir. Il ajouta; : — Ah ! il mène joyeuse vie, le fils d'Antoine... Les femmes ont, pour lui, de tendres faiblesses... Il ne connaît pas de cruelles... A lui les plus belles... les plus huppées... Tout de môme, sur la terre, il y a des gens qui ont de ta chance !... Il parlait avec.... dans la voix... tant d'anw-v 'l tume, tant de rancune jalouse, que souda ■• •• rnent. le front de Mélie. se rembrunit... Land que, dans ses yeux au reflet d'acier, pas,.;JIf, un éclair de colère. E11 eut un ricanement. — Est-ce que, par hasard, tu l'envierais !... Tu sais, il faudrait le dire... Je ne te -retiens pas... EU si, monsieur, se découvre sub¡u,ment... un penchant très vif polir les da;;^ de la haute... Un frisson de terreur le traversa. Mon Dieu, qu'il a.vait. été stupide en neTaw suranf; pas, à l'avance, les conséquences rte ses paroles !... Mélie avait le caractère si ombrageux ! Humble, contrit, il balbutia. : — Tu sais bien, grosse bête, que c'est toi... toi &eule... que j'aime... Les autres femmes me sont, indifférentes... Aucune ne saurait t'être comparée... Ce que je viens de dire/ -'pétait pour plaisanter... Allons, fais bien vite risette à ton petit homme... Dis-moi que tu 0 °% plus fâchée. Elle laissa: tomber sur lui son regard dwii-na teur. ... Presque méprisant. " Un regard qui disa.it !'empire... immenh... que sur lui elle avait pris. Ah ! oui, elle n'ignorait pas quil était son esclave... sa chose !... , lait ! faisait. tout cê qu'elle von", Car. %ans cesse, il tremblait, de la, perdre. Pour la conserver, pour la, retenir prè? de lui, il était prêt, au besoin, à commettre] les pires folies,.. ... Les pires crimes ! Et, cette passion qui grandissait; de jour en jour... cet te passion, comme un virus, lui -ii*i-poisonnait le sang. Il ne tentait rien pour s'en affranchir, D'ailleurs, toute tentative de révolte eût été inutile. Il le savait. Devant la virago, il rampait comme lm .chien aux pieds de son maître. -Il avait abdiqué tout vouloir. Elle commandait. ' " -Il ohéis.sait. .... 1 . , ;,,," "A suivre) (121) SPECTACLES, FÊTES ET CONCERTS 'THÉÂTRE D'ANGOULÊME, — Jeudi 25 octobre, lé Maître de Forges, comédie en 5 actes, de M. Gorges Ohnet. Les Deux Sourds, corné-die en un acte, de M. Jules Moinaux.., Bureaux à sept heures trois quarts ; rideau à huit -heures et quart. Au KURSAAL. Tous les soirs, au Kursaal :d'Angoulême, la, salle est archicomble P applaudir « Claudine en vadrouille » . à, igrand .spectacle en quatr.e tableaux, de MM. Saint-Cyr et Trebla. On annonce les: derniè-res représentations de cette. pièce d une exubérante gaîté. Foire de Bordeaux La Compagnie d'Orléans' organisera un t.rail1 spécial à prix cxceptioniiûllement réel tti-ts, permettant de passer à Bor^®^ journée du dimanche 28 et du lundi 29 octobre à l'occasion, de la foire qui se tiendra dane -cette ville. , Ge train prendra les voyageurs de 3e Qe classe seulement en provenance des lignes de. Boîtiers et Angoulême à Coutras exclu ^, . Aixe-sur-Vienne à Ñngoulê-me ; 'Chalus à Saîlilet-Qhassenon ; Oonfolens ^ à Roumazières-Louberf . ; Nontron au Quèroy-Pranzac. Il partira dans la matinée du 28 octobre. Le retour de Bordeaux-Bastide aura lieu daps la nuit du 28 ani 29 octobre pour les voya-eeùrs corteurs de billets d 'un jour, ou dans relie du 29 au 30 octobre, pour les voyageurs porteurs de billets de 2 jours. Toiïtefois, au retournes voyageurs porteurs 'd-e billetsvalables un jour seulement auront la faculté de prolonger leur séjour Bordeaux irie 24 heures moyennant un supplément de 0,75 en 3e classe et à la condition de partir de Bordleaux par les trains désignés pour les ¡voyageurs porteurs de billets valables 2 jours, sur fa.fnohe spéciale placardée dans les gares et localités desservies. L'émission) des billets cessera le 27 octobre à six heures du soir. Le Cri de Paris v Journal hebdomadaire illustré, rue Molière, 0 Paris. — Abonnements : Pana et départements, un an, 10 fr. : 6 mois, 6 fr. ; le numéro, oo centimes. Un spécimen gratuit est envoyé sur d-eunande.. HALLES ET MARCHÉS Ma r thon, 22 octobre. Bœufs, 40 fr. les 100 i kilos, vif. Porcs gras, 50 fr. les 100' A kilos, vif. Nourrains, la .pièce, de 30 à 35 fr. la pièce. Porcelets, 3 mois, 18 fr. en moyenne. Volailles, 1,20 le kilo, ; lapins domestiques, 1 fr. 50 la pièce. t Œufs, 1 fr. la douzaine. Lièvres, 2 fr. le ki'lo ; lapins sauvages, 1 fr. 50 pièce ; perdreaux rouges, 2 fr. •Perdreaux gris, 1,50. Nous a:vions aujourd'hui une très, bonne exposition de bétail, surtout pour les animaux qui sont destinés à l'engraissement. Il y a eu un. grandi nombre de ventes sur .cette ca.te.gone. Au marché des bœufs de travail pas mal de transactions sur les animaux de 700 fr. 800 et 900 fr. Les poulets avaient un cours plus , facile, . et sans grands changeme«ts dans l es prix. Quant aux porcs gras., la vente en est toujours rémunératrice pour les détenteurs. Marché aux bestiaux de Bordeaux Bordeaux, 22 octobre. Bœufs. — Amenés, 372 ; vendus, 265. Ie qualité, 66 à 69; 2e qualité, 63 à 66; 3e qualité, 60 à. 63 prix extrême, 58 à 70. Vaches. Amenées, 52; vendues, 45. j qualité, 53 à 56 ; 28 qualité, 50 à o3 ; 3° qualité, 47 à 50 : prix extrême, 45 à &8. Veaux. — Amenés, 173 ; vendus, 148. 1 qualité, 75 à 78 ; 2e qualité, 72 à ; 3e qualité, 69 à 72 ; nri.x extrême, 68 a80. ilo,Lit,ons. Amenés, 2,309; vendus 1.532. 1 qualité 77 il 79 ; 2e qualité, 75 à 77 ; 3e qualité 72 à 75; prix extrême, 70 à J0. ' Cenon-la-Bastide, 22 octobre. Veaux. — Amenés, 47; vendus, 32. Ie choix,, 10; 21, choix, 8; 3° choix, 5. 4° choix, 3. Génisses. — Amenées, 35; vendues, 29. 1_ choix, 15; 28 choix, 13; 3e choix, 8; 41, choix, 5. Moutons. Amenés, 19; vefidus, 17._ 1er choix 83 ; 2e choix, 82; 3» chQix, 81 ; 49 choix, 80. Veaux gras. — Amenés, 14 vendus, 12. De 40 Chèvres.Ü — Amenées, 16; vendues 9. De 12 à 2°Porcs. — Amenés, 18 ; vendus, 12. De' 10 à 20 fr. Marché aux bestiaux de La Villette La Villette, 22 octobre. .g g TUSBt 311rtz li k. Pel81 nI le lh. fiSPÊCKS 2 'g Prîïf Prix rpïnr-rï® J extrêmes HJ«U extrêmes MJM» Bœafi.. • 3665 3380 1.12à1.54 1.38 0.56 0.92 0.76 Vaches .. 1219 1090 1. 4 1.52 1.31 0.52 0.91 1.74 Taureaux. 416 330 1. » 1.20 1.12 0.50 0.72 0.62 'eaux... 1518 1300 1.50 2.20 2. » 0.82 1.36 '1.20 f:outon»< 28361 23000 1.60 2.10 1.90 0.80 1. 5 0.95 OTCS ... 1 4764 4764 1.36 1.52 1.46 ».96 1. 6 1. 1 RENSEIGNEMENTS COMPLEMENTAIRES toeufis. — Vente difficile et baisse de lo à 20 francs cote: par : normands, de 0,71 à 0,77 ; blancs, de 0 70 à 0,76 ; choletais, de 0,63 à 0,72 ; limemsins de 0,75 à 0 80. Le demi-kilo net. On compte 35 bœufs, 26 vaches et 6 tau-irGâux Veaux. — Vente difficile, mais prixsoutenus On cote : choix de Brie, de Beauce, du Gâ-tinais, de 1 à 1,05 ; cham'penois, de 0,90 à, 1 k. autres provenances, de 0,70 à 0,90. Le demi-kilo net.. Moutoms!. Vente difficile et bais&e , . dei 2 a, 3 'c. nar demi-kilo. On cote : petits moutons' du Centre, de 1 à 1,05; métis de Brie, de 0,97 à 1 ; le demi-kilo net. (L.a Charente avait expédié 124 moutons. _ p.orcs. — Vente calme ; mêmes prix. Les bons porcs gras ont obtenu jusqu'à 55 c. On cote : b011ls porcs de l'Ouest, de 0,50 à 0,53 et. ceux du Centre, de 0,49 à 0,52. Le domi ' A la pièce, on cote de 68 à 76 le demi-kilo net. On comptait 48 porcs de provenance charen-taise. FOIRES DE LA CHARENTE MOIS D'OCTOBRE 24. — La Rochefoucauld, Lesterps, Roussi-nes, Villefagnan. 25. — Berneuil, Bors-de-Montmoreau, Manot., Mansle, Saint-Sornin. t o1 '* 26. — Ambérac, Montboyer, Pont-Sigoulant, Roumazières, Sers. 27 .Aubeterre, Brillac,Montembœuf, Rouil-lac, Ruffec (3 jours), Turgon. 28. — Chalais, Cherves-de-Cognac, Saint-Claud. 29. — Bonnes, ChampniôTS, Gurat, Saint-Mê-me, Salles-d'Angles. 30. — Genouillac, Verteuil. " 31. — Ambleville, La Couronne, Lessac. BULLETIN FINANCIER Paris, 22 octobre. Impressionné par la faiblesse de la, Rente française, le marché est plutôt mauvais aujüurd'hui. La situation monétaire est toujours très tendue et .on craint une a'ugmentati.on diu taux de l'escompte des Banques d'Allemagne et de France. Notre 3 % s'inscrit à 95,57. Les établissements de crédit s'e représentent sans changements notables. La Banque de Paris cote 1549. Le Comptoir national d'escompte 668; le Crédit Lyonnais 1169 ; le Crédit foncier 690 et la Société générale 653. La Banque d'Athènes qui a bénéficié d'un marché très suivi au comptant progresse à 146 francs. L'action Rente foncière se maintient à 486 fr. Les: Chemins français sont calmes. Le Lyon à 1310 ; le Nord à 1'715 et l'Orléans' à 1335. Les obligations 5 % de la* Compagnie du chemin de fer de Victoria Minas se sont avancés à 447. ; ces titres ont largement profité du remploi des coupons d'octobre. Rappelons que leur service est gagé spécialement sur la garan. lie kilométrique que le gouvernement brésilien s'est engagé à payer pendant trente ans à La Compagnie. Le Suez est réactionnaire à 4450 ; le Rio ré action ne à 1887. Les rentes étrangères .sont lirrégillièires : l'Extérieure fléchit à 94,77 ; le Portugais à 70.05 et le Turc à 93,35 ; l'Italien est ferme à 102,60. Les fonds russes se rafferm'i&sent sensiblement : le 5 % 1906 à 84,50 ; le 3 % 1891 à 60,75 le 1896 à 60 et le Consolidé à 72,60. Cevreni-Breg, toujours très animée, donne lieu à d'activés transactions aux environs du cours de 235 avec tendance toujours excellente. I L'administrate-ur-gérarit : Ernest DUPUY, 1 Angoulême. — ïSûp. de LA CHARENTE. BOURSE DE PARIS Paris, 22 octobre., Noma Préo.. Dern. valeurs clôt. tour,. FONDS D'ETAT S % 95 85 95 60 S % amortissable 9G 05 95 80 Angleterre 2 3/4 % ...... 87 — — Espagne, 4 % (Extérieure).. 94 80 94 65 Italie, 5 % ... 402 50 102 50 Argentin, 4 % 1900 ...... 95 — Brésil, 4 % 1889 ....... 85 84 30 Russe 4 % or 1890 2e et 3' ém. 71 90 70 30 Russe, 4 % consolidé .... 70 85 71 25 — 8 % 1891, or. (1. p).. 60 25 60 75 Russe s 1/2 % E ....... 1 64 64 50 VALEURS DIVERSES Suez (Parts dp fondât.).... 2040 — Suez (actions) 3900 — 3880 Comp. franç. des mét 595 — 590 — Proc. Thomson Houston ... 727 — 725 — Nord de l'Espagne 272 — 265 — Rio Tinto (Act. ordin.) .... 1909 1900 — Gaz parisien. 3§0 — 358 — De Bears 497 501 499 50 CHEMINS DE FER (act.) Est, 3 % 890 Ouest, 3 % 840 — 835 — Midi, 3 % 1100 — Orléans, 3 % 1336 — 1335 — Paris-Lyon-Méditerranée .. 1320 — 1307 — Nord, 3 % 4715 1710 — OBLIGATIONS Paris 1869 444 — 445 — — 1875, 4. 556 — 553 — — 1898, 2 %. 429 75 430 — Crédit Foncier : Communales 1879, 2,60 % .. 475 50 477 50 Foncières 1879, 3 % 504 — 504 — Foncières 1885, 2,80 % .... 468 25 469 75 1895, 2,80 % 476 — 477 50 Midi. 435 50 434 — Nord 454 — 453 50 Est "' ............ 435 — 431 50 Orléans, 3 %. 436 — 434 Ouest, 3 % 429 426 — P.-L.-M. 3 % 435 — 433 — Bella à lot du Panama .... |
github_open_source_100_1_541 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | //
// RawAccelerometerSensorSettings.swift
// AWSenseWatch
//
// Created by Katrin Hansel on 10/03/2017.
// Copyright © 2017 Katrin Haensel. All rights reserved.
//
import Foundation
public struct RawAccelerometerSensorSettings : SensorSettings{
public static let sensorType : AWSSensorType = AWSSensorType.accelerometer
public var sensorType : AWSSensorType{
return type(of: self).sensorType
}
public static var standardSettings : SensorSettings = RawAccelerometerSensorSettings()
public static let defaultUpdateIntervallHz = 50.0
public var updateIntervallHz : Double{
didSet {
if(updateIntervallHz <= 0 || updateIntervallHz > 100){
print("accelerometer update intervall out of range: \(updateIntervallHz)")
updateIntervallHz = RawAccelerometerSensorSettings.defaultUpdateIntervallHz
}
}
}
public init(){
updateIntervallHz = RawAccelerometerSensorSettings.defaultUpdateIntervallHz
}
public init(withIntervall_Hz intervall: Double){
updateIntervallHz = intervall
}
}
|
4687_1 | Wikisource | Public Domain | Heyrðum boðskap erkibyskups linast Arnórr svo mikit, at nú verr hann eigi vopnum byskupsstólinn. Náir nú byskupinn herra Guðmundr at sitja um vetrinn í þvílíkum friði sem verða mátti. Var þá heilög Hólakirkja hreinsuð ok þeir menn leystir, er sættast vildu ok byskupinn sá sig vald yfir hafa. Á næsta sumar býst hann til siglingar ok sitr til sex vikur eða sjau, verðr tysvar aftrreka ok um síðir borinn sjúkr af skipi. Kemr hann til Hóla heim nær vetrnóttum ok sitr þá heima í góðum náðum, því at Arnórr Tumason kom eftir boði erkibyskups á því sama sumri til Nóregs, er Guðmundr var aftrreka. Eigi greina bækr, at fleiri nefndarmenn hafi siglt en Arnórr ok Þorvaldr Gizurarson. Kómu þeir báðir fyrri til erkibyskups en herra Guðmundr. Var því hans greinum ok framferðum heldr vikit afvegar. Má þat ok vel skilja, hvern hlut Kygri-Björn, er fyrr var nefndr, mundi þar í eiga, því at hann var alla götu vin byskupsins óvina, fyrst Kolbeins Tumasonar, en síðan Sighvats Sturlusonar. Er þat vísvitat, at Kygri-Björn fór til Nóregs nær þessum tíma ok þaðan út til Róms eigi miklu fyrir þingit í Latran, er hélt herra Innocentius tercius, sem greint var í hans kapitulo. Nú með flutning ok fortölum þvílíkra, er svo vóru hallir í sínu fylgi, leiðist erkibyskupinn, kórsbræðr ok þeirra klerkar oflangt á þann veg at heyra áleitni ok umlestr svo til herra Guðmundar, at náliga sýndist hans málavöxtr fyrir drifinn á garðinum, því at flestar hans gerðir vóru afþýddar ok hneigðar til vinstri handar, ölmusur hans til auðnar, vígslur til ofdirfðar, einurð til ákefðar ok ófriðar. Því trúist, at eigi sé getit Arnórs ok Þorvalds til andsvara, sem herra Guðmundr byskup kom fram á erkibyskups garð ári síðar, at þeir þættist unnit hafa fort yfir öll þau mál, at eigi um aldr mundi herra Guðmundr viðréttu fá, þótt hann flytti sik án mótkast. En þar í mót fann herra Jesús Kristus eitt ráð, at herra Guðmundr heyrðist ok heyrðr tignaðist sem síðar greinir. Herra Guðmundi byskupi byrjaði farsælt næsta sumar ok kom til Niðaróss á fund erkibyskupsins. Finnr hann brátt, at hans mál hefir flutt verit á garðinum, því at erkibyskup var mjök óblíðr, svo at málaefnum herra Guðmundar nefndist engi dagr at sinni. Sezt hann í bæ með klerkum sínum ok gerir lítit um sik, því at hann heldr þeirri lund, sem fyrr er skrifat, at hann er eigi mjög tillátssamr, ef honum er herðamunr boðinn. En svo bar til af rót vondra manna, at klerkar á garðinum setja byskupi kalls nokkurn. Ferr svo með þeim, at klerkar hafa kinnroða, en herra byskup sæmd með skilríki sinna greina, hvar af hér stendr skrifaðr einn eventus, þótt menn hafi utan bækr fleiri frásagnir. Klerkar byrja svo orðræðu til byskupsins: „Er þat satt, herra Guðmundr, at þú orlofar tvímælt kjöt á föstudaga í byskupsdæmi þínu?“ „Þat neita ek þverliga,“ segir hann. Klerkar tala: „Hversu skipar þú, ef burðartíð vors herra stendr á föstudag?“ „Þér talið ófróðliga,“ segir herra byskup, „því at yðvart mál stendr allt ómöguligt.“ „Hvat fyrir?“ segja þeir. „Þar fyrir,“ segir hann, „at burðartíð vors herra gengr skipaða rás ok stendr oftsinnis á sétta dag viku, en aldri á föstudag.“ Klerkar tala: „Hvat gerir þú þá af föstunni, er þú ferr svo með?“ Herra byskup svarar: „Hversu farið þér með myrkr þá er skært ljós kemr inn?“ Klerkum verðr þá orðfall. Herra byskup segir þá: „Hvort vilið þér sanna, at vor herra væri fæddr á drottinsdag eða föstudag?“ Þeir segjast þat hyggja, at hann væri fæddr á drottinsdag. „Nú þá,“ segir herra Guðmundr, „hvort kallið þér burðartíðina föstudag eða drottinsdag, píslardag eða gleðidag?“ Þeir játtu því, at hann má sannliga heita gleði dagr ok fagnaðar. Herra byskup svarar: „Þá sýnist oss allt einn veg, því at svo sem myrkr flýr fyrir ljósi, svo flýr fasta fyrir dýrðarfullri hátíð vors herra, Jesú Kristi.“ Skildu þeir svo talit, at klerkar vóru seinni at andstefna með byskup, því at þeir skildu hann eigi vanbúinn við andsvörum. Svo segist, sem út dregr móti jólunum um vetrinn ok nálægist burðartíð guðs vinar, Þorláks byskups Skálholtensis, gengr herra Guðmundr til herra erkibyskups ok spyrr, ef hann vill orlofa, at hann syngi sælum Þorláki eftir íslenzkum vana. En erkibyskup svarar heldr snart: „Þat lofast eigi, at þér brjótið lög á oss hér í Nóregi, hversu sem þér gerið, herra, á Íslandi.“ Herra Guðmundr svarar: „Eigi skal þess þá lengi biðja.“ Skilja þeir þá talit. Snemma morgins Þorláksmessu gerir herra erkibyskup tvo klerka til þeirrar kirkju, er herra Guðmundr syngr í, at prófa, hvat hann hefst at. En er þeir koma aftr farandi, spyrr herra erkibyskup, hversu Guðmundr byskup heldr boðskapinn. Þeir svöruðu: „Þar á yfir að standa yðvarr dómr, tíðagerð er þar harla sæmilig með þeirri skipan, sem hæfir hátíð allra heilagra.“ Herra erkibyskup svarar: „Vel má svo vera, því at eigi er hægt at lýta svo gert. Mun þat herra Guðmundr ætla, at Þorlákr skuli fá sinn hlut óskerðan í tíðagerð þessi. Er þat eigi hvers manns, at finna þvílíkan útveg. Má þat ok eigi mjök undra, þótt hann verði þeim roskinn í leik, er á Íslandi eru. Vant er mann at lofa, meðan lifir, en þat er mín hugsan, at bæði Guðmundr þessi hafi fá menn sér líka yfir mold, bæði til höfðingsskapar ok mannkosta.“. |
github_open_source_100_1_542 | Github OpenSource | Various open source | package com.guysmith.beardedfox.model;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.guysmith.beardedfox.entity.BeardedFoxEntity;
import net.minecraft.client.model.ModelPart;
import net.minecraft.client.render.VertexConsumer;
import net.minecraft.client.render.entity.model.EntityModel;
import net.minecraft.client.render.entity.model.FoxEntityModel;
import net.minecraft.client.util.math.MatrixStack;
import net.minecraft.util.math.MathHelper;
public class BeardedFoxEntityModel extends EntityModel<BeardedFoxEntity> {
// this code copied from mostly FoxEntityModel, with a hint of AnimalModel to cover my bases
// reason it had to be duplicated and not inherited: FoxEntity.Type, the source of all my irritation
private final boolean headScaled;
private final float childHeadYOffset;
private final float childHeadZOffset;
private final float invertedChildHeadScale;
private final float invertedChildBodyScale;
private final float childBodyYOffset;
public final ModelPart head;
private final ModelPart rightEar;
private final ModelPart leftEar;
private final ModelPart nose;
private final ModelPart beard;
private final ModelPart torso;
private final ModelPart rightBackLeg;
private final ModelPart leftBackLeg;
private final ModelPart rightFrontLeg;
private final ModelPart leftFrontLeg;
private final ModelPart tail;
private float legPitchModifier;
public BeardedFoxEntityModel() {
//super(true, 8.0F, 3.35F);
this.headScaled = true;
this.childHeadYOffset = 8.0f;
this.childHeadZOffset = 3.35f;
this.invertedChildHeadScale = 2.0f;
this.invertedChildBodyScale = 2.0f;
this.childBodyYOffset = 24.0f;
this.textureWidth = 48;
this.textureHeight = 32;
this.head = new ModelPart(this, 1, 5);
this.head.addCuboid(-3.0F, -2.0F, -5.0F, 8.0F, 6.0F, 6.0F);
this.head.setPivot(-1.0F, 16.5F, -3.0F);
this.rightEar = new ModelPart(this, 8, 1);
this.rightEar.addCuboid(-3.0F, -4.0F, -4.0F, 2.0F, 2.0F, 1.0F);
this.leftEar = new ModelPart(this, 15, 1);
this.leftEar.addCuboid(3.0F, -4.0F, -4.0F, 2.0F, 2.0F, 1.0F);
this.nose = new ModelPart(this, 6, 18);
this.nose.addCuboid(-1.0F, 2.01F, -8.0F, 4.0F, 2.0F, 3.0F);
// this code original
this.beard = new ModelPart(this, 22, 0);
this.beard.addCuboid(0.0F,3.35F,-6.0F, 2.0F, 1.0F, 3.0F);
this.head.addChild(this.rightEar);
this.head.addChild(this.leftEar);
this.head.addChild(this.nose);
this.head.addChild(this.beard);
this.torso = new ModelPart(this, 24, 15);
this.torso.addCuboid(-3.0F, 3.999F, -3.5F, 6.0F, 11.0F, 6.0F);
this.torso.setPivot(0.0F, 16.0F, -6.0F);
float f = 0.001F;
this.rightBackLeg = new ModelPart(this, 13, 24);
this.rightBackLeg.addCuboid(2.0F, 0.5F, -1.0F, 2.0F, 6.0F, 2.0F, 0.001F);
this.rightBackLeg.setPivot(-5.0F, 17.5F, 7.0F);
this.leftBackLeg = new ModelPart(this, 4, 24);
this.leftBackLeg.addCuboid(2.0F, 0.5F, -1.0F, 2.0F, 6.0F, 2.0F, 0.001F);
this.leftBackLeg.setPivot(-1.0F, 17.5F, 7.0F);
this.rightFrontLeg = new ModelPart(this, 13, 24);
this.rightFrontLeg.addCuboid(2.0F, 0.5F, -1.0F, 2.0F, 6.0F, 2.0F, 0.001F);
this.rightFrontLeg.setPivot(-5.0F, 17.5F, 0.0F);
this.leftFrontLeg = new ModelPart(this, 4, 24);
this.leftFrontLeg.addCuboid(2.0F, 0.5F, -1.0F, 2.0F, 6.0F, 2.0F, 0.001F);
this.leftFrontLeg.setPivot(-1.0F, 17.5F, 0.0F);
this.tail = new ModelPart(this, 30, 0);
this.tail.addCuboid(2.0F, 0.0F, -1.0F, 4.0F, 9.0F, 5.0F);
this.tail.setPivot(-4.0F, 15.0F, -1.0F);
this.torso.addChild(this.tail);
}
public void animateModel(BeardedFoxEntity foxEntity, float f, float g, float h) {
this.torso.pitch = 1.5707964F;
this.tail.pitch = -0.05235988F;
this.rightBackLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(f * 0.6662F) * 1.4F * g;
this.leftBackLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(f * 0.6662F + 3.1415927F) * 1.4F * g;
this.rightFrontLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(f * 0.6662F + 3.1415927F) * 1.4F * g;
this.leftFrontLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(f * 0.6662F) * 1.4F * g;
this.head.setPivot(-1.0F, 16.5F, -3.0F);
this.head.yaw = 0.0F;
this.head.roll = foxEntity.getHeadRoll(h);
this.rightBackLeg.visible = true;
this.leftBackLeg.visible = true;
this.rightFrontLeg.visible = true;
this.leftFrontLeg.visible = true;
this.torso.setPivot(0.0F, 16.0F, -6.0F);
this.torso.roll = 0.0F;
this.rightBackLeg.setPivot(-5.0F, 17.5F, 7.0F);
this.leftBackLeg.setPivot(-1.0F, 17.5F, 7.0F);
if (foxEntity.isInSneakingPose()) {
this.torso.pitch = 1.6755161F;
float i = foxEntity.getBodyRotationHeightOffset(h);
this.torso.setPivot(0.0F, 16.0F + foxEntity.getBodyRotationHeightOffset(h), -6.0F);
this.head.setPivot(-1.0F, 16.5F + i, -3.0F);
this.head.yaw = 0.0F;
} else if (foxEntity.isSleeping()) {
this.torso.roll = -1.5707964F;
this.torso.setPivot(0.0F, 21.0F, -6.0F);
this.tail.pitch = -2.6179938F;
if (this.child) {
this.tail.pitch = -2.1816616F;
this.torso.setPivot(0.0F, 21.0F, -2.0F);
}
this.head.setPivot(1.0F, 19.49F, -3.0F);
this.head.pitch = 0.0F;
this.head.yaw = -2.0943952F;
this.head.roll = 0.0F;
this.rightBackLeg.visible = false;
this.leftBackLeg.visible = false;
this.rightFrontLeg.visible = false;
this.leftFrontLeg.visible = false;
} else if (foxEntity.isSitting()) {
this.torso.pitch = 0.5235988F;
this.torso.setPivot(0.0F, 9.0F, -3.0F);
this.tail.pitch = 0.7853982F;
this.tail.setPivot(-4.0F, 15.0F, -2.0F);
this.head.setPivot(-1.0F, 10.0F, -0.25F);
this.head.pitch = 0.0F;
this.head.yaw = 0.0F;
if (this.child) {
this.head.setPivot(-1.0F, 13.0F, -3.75F);
}
this.rightBackLeg.pitch = -1.3089969F;
this.rightBackLeg.setPivot(-5.0F, 21.5F, 6.75F);
this.leftBackLeg.pitch = -1.3089969F;
this.leftBackLeg.setPivot(-1.0F, 21.5F, 6.75F);
this.rightFrontLeg.pitch = -0.2617994F;
this.leftFrontLeg.pitch = -0.2617994F;
}
}
protected Iterable<ModelPart> getHeadParts() {
return ImmutableList.of(this.head);
}
protected Iterable<ModelPart> getBodyParts() {
return ImmutableList.of(this.torso, this.rightBackLeg, this.leftBackLeg, this.rightFrontLeg, this.leftFrontLeg);
}
public void setAngles(BeardedFoxEntity foxEntity, float f, float g, float h, float i, float j) {
if (!foxEntity.isSleeping() && !foxEntity.isWalking() && !foxEntity.isInSneakingPose()) {
this.head.pitch = j * 0.017453292F;
this.head.yaw = i * 0.017453292F;
}
if (foxEntity.isSleeping()) {
this.head.pitch = 0.0F;
this.head.yaw = -2.0943952F;
this.head.roll = MathHelper.cos(h * 0.027F) / 22.0F;
}
float l;
if (foxEntity.isInSneakingPose()) {
l = MathHelper.cos(h) * 0.01F;
this.torso.yaw = l;
this.rightBackLeg.roll = l;
this.leftBackLeg.roll = l;
this.rightFrontLeg.roll = l / 2.0F;
this.leftFrontLeg.roll = l / 2.0F;
}
if (foxEntity.isWalking()) {
l = 0.1F;
this.legPitchModifier += 0.67F;
this.rightBackLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(this.legPitchModifier * 0.4662F) * 0.1F;
this.leftBackLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(this.legPitchModifier * 0.4662F + 3.1415927F) * 0.1F;
this.rightFrontLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(this.legPitchModifier * 0.4662F + 3.1415927F) * 0.1F;
this.leftFrontLeg.pitch = MathHelper.cos(this.legPitchModifier * 0.4662F) * 0.1F;
}
}
@Override
public void render(MatrixStack matrices, VertexConsumer vertices, int light, int overlay, float red, float green, float blue, float alpha) {
// this code copied from AnimalModel; thanks Yarn, Fabric, and Mojang teams
if (this.child) {
matrices.push();
float g;
if (this.headScaled) {
g = 1.5F / this.invertedChildHeadScale;
matrices.scale(g, g, g);
}
matrices.translate(0.0D, (double)(this.childHeadYOffset / 16.0F), (double)(this.childHeadZOffset / 16.0F));
this.getHeadParts().forEach((modelPart) -> {
modelPart.render(matrices, vertices, light, overlay, red, green, blue, alpha);
});
matrices.pop();
matrices.push();
g = 1.0F / this.invertedChildBodyScale;
matrices.scale(g, g, g);
matrices.translate(0.0D, (double)(this.childBodyYOffset / 16.0F), 0.0D);
this.getBodyParts().forEach((modelPart) -> {
modelPart.render(matrices, vertices, light, overlay, red, green, blue, alpha);
});
matrices.pop();
} else {
this.getHeadParts().forEach((modelPart) -> {
modelPart.render(matrices, vertices, light, overlay, red, green, blue, alpha);
});
this.getBodyParts().forEach((modelPart) -> {
modelPart.render(matrices, vertices, light, overlay, red, green, blue, alpha);
});
}
}
}
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