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https://github.com/Tony0822/PhotoBrowseDemo/blob/master/PhotoBrowse/PhotoBrowse/ChooseBrowser/View/GCYPhotoCollectionViewCell.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
PhotoBrowseDemo
|
Tony0822
|
C
|
Code
| 49 | 191 |
//
// GCYPhotoCollectionViewCell.h
// PhotoBrowse
//
// Created by gaochongyang on 2018/6/28.
// Copyright © 2018年 gaochongyang. All rights reserved.
//
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@protocol GCYPhotoCollectionViewCellDelegate <NSObject>
- (void)thumbImageSeletedChooseIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath selectedBtn:(UIButton *)selectedBtn;
@end
@class GCYPhotoModel;
@interface GCYPhotoCollectionViewCell : UICollectionViewCell
@property (nonatomic, weak) id<GCYPhotoCollectionViewCellDelegate> delegate;
@property (nonatomic, strong) GCYPhotoModel *photoModel;
@end
| 43,826 |
https://github.com/jmittert/cpp-docs/blob/master/docs/mfc/reference/codesnippet/CPP/cbutton-class_7.cpp
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
CC-BY-4.0, MIT
| 2,021 |
cpp-docs
|
jmittert
|
C++
|
Code
| 40 | 128 |
CButton myIconButton;
// Create an icon button.
myIconButton.Create(_T("My button"), WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_ICON,
CRect(10,10,60,50), pParentWnd, 1);
// If no image is defined for the button, define the image to the
// system arrow and question mark cursor.
if (myIconButton.GetCursor() == NULL)
myIconButton.SetCursor(::LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_HELP));
| 2,159 |
https://github.com/zebraxid/opensrp-client-core/blob/master/opensrp-app/src/main/java/org/smartregister/domain/LocationProperty.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,019 |
opensrp-client-core
|
zebraxid
|
Java
|
Code
| 254 | 755 |
package org.smartregister.domain;
import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by samuelgithengi on 11/22/18.
*/
public class LocationProperty {
public enum PropertyStatus {
@SerializedName("Active")
ACTIVE,
@SerializedName("Inactive")
INACTIVE,
@SerializedName("Pending Review")
PENDING_REVIEW,
@SerializedName("Not Eligible")
NOT_ELIGIBLE
}
private String uid;
private String code;
private String type;
private PropertyStatus status;
private String parentId;
private String name;
private int geographicLevel;
private Date effectiveStartDate;
private Date effectiveEndDate;
private int version;
private transient Map<String, String> customProperties = new HashMap<>();
public String getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(String uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public PropertyStatus getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(PropertyStatus status) {
this.status = status;
}
public String getParentId() {
return parentId;
}
public void setParentId(String parentId) {
this.parentId = parentId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getGeographicLevel() {
return geographicLevel;
}
public void setGeographicLevel(int geographicLevel) {
this.geographicLevel = geographicLevel;
}
public Date getEffectiveStartDate() {
return effectiveStartDate;
}
public void setEffectiveStartDate(Date effectiveStartDate) {
this.effectiveStartDate = effectiveStartDate;
}
public Date getEffectiveEndDate() {
return effectiveEndDate;
}
public void setEffectiveEndDate(Date effectiveEndDate) {
this.effectiveEndDate = effectiveEndDate;
}
public int getVersion() {
return version;
}
public void setVersion(int version) {
this.version = version;
}
public Map<String, String> getCustomProperties() {
return customProperties;
}
public void setCustomProperties(Map<String, String> customProperties) {
this.customProperties = customProperties;
}
}
| 17,925 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4134637
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Gebethner i Wolff
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 938 | 2,648 |
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство)
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код VIAF 146887606
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код LCCN no97027073
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код NUKAT n01068368
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код BAV ADV10061468
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) логотип Gebethner i Wolff logo.png
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) логотип Gebethner i Wolff logo2.jpg
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код GND 3023140-1
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) категория на Викискладе Gebethner i Wolff
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) это частный случай понятия издательство
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) это частный случай понятия книжное издательство
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) расположение штаб-квартиры Варшава
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) изображение Warszawa Nowo-Sienna 9.jpg
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) дата основания, создания, возникновения 1857
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) государство Польша
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код VcBA 494/39572
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код в Google Knowledge Graph /g/122jdwt2
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код ISNI 0000000099015907
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код Национальной библиотеки Литвы LNB:fKB;=BJ
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код PLWABN 9810542692105606
Гебетнер и Вольф (издательство) код в RISM institutions/51000084
Gebethner i Wolff
wydawnictwo
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator VIAF 146887606
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator LCCN no97027073
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator NUKAT n01068368
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator BAV ADV10061468
Gebethner i Wolff logo Gebethner i Wolff logo.png
Gebethner i Wolff logo Gebethner i Wolff logo2.jpg
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator GND 3023140-1
Gebethner i Wolff kategoria Commons Gebethner i Wolff
Gebethner i Wolff jest to wydawca
Gebethner i Wolff jest to wydawnictwo książkowe
Gebethner i Wolff siedziba Warszawa
Gebethner i Wolff ilustracja Warszawa Nowo-Sienna 9.jpg
Gebethner i Wolff data utworzenia lub powstania 1857
Gebethner i Wolff państwo Polska
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator VcBA 494/39572
Gebethner i Wolff założyciel Gustaw Adolf Gebethner
Gebethner i Wolff założyciel August Robert Wolff
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator Google Knowledge Graph /g/122jdwt2
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator ISNI 0000000099015907
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator LIH LNB:fKB;=BJ
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator PLWABN 9810542692105606
Gebethner i Wolff identyfikator RISM institutions/51000084
Gebethner i Wolff
publisher
Gebethner i Wolff VIAF ID 146887606
Gebethner i Wolff Library of Congress authority ID no97027073
Gebethner i Wolff NUKAT ID n01068368
Gebethner i Wolff Vatican Library ID (former scheme) ADV10061468
Gebethner i Wolff logo image Gebethner i Wolff logo.png
Gebethner i Wolff logo image Gebethner i Wolff logo2.jpg
Gebethner i Wolff GND ID 3023140-1
Gebethner i Wolff Commons category Gebethner i Wolff
Gebethner i Wolff instance of publishing company
Gebethner i Wolff instance of book publisher
Gebethner i Wolff headquarters location Warsaw
Gebethner i Wolff image Warszawa Nowo-Sienna 9.jpg
Gebethner i Wolff inception 1857
Gebethner i Wolff country Poland
Gebethner i Wolff Vatican Library VcBA ID 494/39572
Gebethner i Wolff founded by Gustaw Adolf Gebethner
Gebethner i Wolff founded by August Robert Wolff
Gebethner i Wolff Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/122jdwt2
Gebethner i Wolff ISNI 0000000099015907
Gebethner i Wolff National Library of Lithuania ID LNB:fKB;=BJ
Gebethner i Wolff PLWABN ID 9810542692105606
Gebethner i Wolff RISM ID institutions/51000084
Gebethner i Wolff
polnischer Verlag und Buchhandelsfirma
Gebethner i Wolff VIAF-Kennung 146887606
Gebethner i Wolff LCAuth-Kennung no97027073
Gebethner i Wolff NUKAT-Kennung n01068368
Gebethner i Wolff BAV-Kennung (veraltet) ADV10061468
Gebethner i Wolff Logo Gebethner i Wolff logo.png
Gebethner i Wolff Logo Gebethner i Wolff logo2.jpg
Gebethner i Wolff GND-Kennung 3023140-1
Gebethner i Wolff Commons-Kategorie Gebethner i Wolff
Gebethner i Wolff ist ein(e) Verlag
Gebethner i Wolff ist ein(e) Buchverlag
Gebethner i Wolff Hauptverwaltung Warschau
Gebethner i Wolff Bild Warszawa Nowo-Sienna 9.jpg
Gebethner i Wolff Datum der Gründung, Erstellung, Entstehung, Erbauung 1857
Gebethner i Wolff Staat Polen
Gebethner i Wolff VcBA-Kennung 494/39572
Gebethner i Wolff Gründer Gustaw Adolf Gebethner
Gebethner i Wolff Gründer August Robert Wolff
Gebethner i Wolff Google-Knowledge-Graph-Kennung /g/122jdwt2
Gebethner i Wolff ISNI 0000000099015907
Gebethner i Wolff LNB-Kennung (Litauen) LNB:fKB;=BJ
Gebethner i Wolff PLWABN-Kennung 9810542692105606
Gebethner i Wolff RISM-Kennung institutions/51000084
Gebethner et Wolff
maison d'édition polonaise
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant VIAF 146887606
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant Bibliothèque du Congrès no97027073
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant NUKAT n01068368
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant Bibliothèque apostolique vaticane ADV10061468
Gebethner et Wolff image du logotype Gebethner i Wolff logo.png
Gebethner et Wolff image du logotype Gebethner i Wolff logo2.jpg
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant GND (DNB) 3023140-1
Gebethner et Wolff catégorie Commons Gebethner i Wolff
Gebethner et Wolff nature de l’élément maison d'édition
Gebethner et Wolff nature de l’élément maison d'édition de livres
Gebethner et Wolff siège Varsovie
Gebethner et Wolff image Warszawa Nowo-Sienna 9.jpg
Gebethner et Wolff date de fondation ou de création 1857
Gebethner et Wolff pays Pologne
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant VcBA 494/39572
Gebethner et Wolff fondé par Gustaw Adolf Gebethner
Gebethner et Wolff fondé par August Robert Wolff
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant du Google Knowledge Graph /g/122jdwt2
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant ISNI 0000000099015907
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka LNB:fKB;=BJ
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant Bibliothèque nationale de Pologne 9810542692105606
Gebethner et Wolff identifiant Répertoire international des sources musicales institutions/51000084
Гебэтнэр і Вольф
варшаўскае выдавецтва (Польшча)
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар VIAF 146887606
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар LCCN no97027073
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар NUKAT n01068368
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар ВАБ ADV10061468
Гебэтнэр і Вольф лягатып Gebethner i Wolff logo.png
Гебэтнэр і Вольф лягатып Gebethner i Wolff logo2.jpg
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар GND 3023140-1
Гебэтнэр і Вольф катэгорыя ў Вікісховішчы Gebethner i Wolff
Гебэтнэр і Вольф асобны выпадак панятку выдавецтва
Гебэтнэр і Вольф асобны выпадак панятку кніжнае выдавецтва
Гебэтнэр і Вольф месца штаб-кватэры Варшава
Гебэтнэр і Вольф выява Warszawa Nowo-Sienna 9.jpg
Гебэтнэр і Вольф дата заснаваньня / стварэньня 1857
Гебэтнэр і Вольф краіна Польшча
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар VcBA 494/39572
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар у Google Knowledge Graph /g/122jdwt2
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ISNI (ISO 27729) 0000000099015907
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар Летувіскай нацыянальнай бібліятэкі LNB:fKB;=BJ
Гебэтнэр і Вольф унікальны запіс PLWABN 9810542692105606
Гебэтнэр і Вольф ідэнтыфікатар МКМК institutions/51000084
| 43,968 |
galleryofnaturea06poleuoft_6
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,818 |
The gallery of nature and art; or, A tour through creation and science
|
Polehampton, Edward Thomas William | Good, John Mason, 1764-1827
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,886 | 8,439 |
order, each composed of ten double plates, arranged in ce Us of por celani, and rniituinin^ in i;ic!i plate thirty-two square inches; w that the whole number of double plates is 200O, and the whole sur- face 128,000 square inches. This battery when the cells wrre filled with sixty parts of water mixed with one part of nitric acid, and one part of the sulphuric acid, afforded a series of brilliant and impressive effects. When pieces of charcoal about an inch long . and one-sixth of an inch in diameter were brought near each other (within the thirtieth part or fortieth part of an inch), a bright spark was produced, and more than half the volume of the char, coal became ignited to whiteness ; and by withdrawing the points from each other, a constant discharge took place through the heated air, in a space equal at least to four inches, producing a most bril- liant ascending arch of light, broad, and conical in form in the middle. When any substance was introduced into this arch it in. stantly became ignited ; platina melted as readily in it as wax in the flame of a common candle : quartz, the sapphire, magnesia, lime, all entered into fusion; fragments of diamond, and points of char, coal and plumbago, rapidly disappeared, and seemed to evaporate in it, even when the connexion was made in a receiver exhausted by the air-pump ; but there was no evidence of their having previously undergone fusion. When the communication between the points positively and ne- gatively electrified was made in air, rarefied in the receiver of the air-pump, the distance at which the discharge took place increased as the exhaustion was made ; and when the atmosphere in the vessel supported only one.fourth of an inch of mercury in the barometri- cal cage, the sparks passed through a space of nearly half an inch ; and by withdrawing the points from each other, the discharge was made through six or seven inches, producing a most beautiful corus- cation of purple light, the charcoal became intensely ignited, and some plvttina wire attached to it fused with brilliant scintillations, and fell in large globules upon the plate of the pump. All the pliaenotm-na of chemical changes were produced with intense rapi- dity by this combination. When the points of charcoal were brought near each other in nonconducting fluids, such as oils, ether, and oxy muriate compounds, brilliant sparks occurred, and elastic matter was rapidly generated : and such was the intensity of the flectricity, that sparks were produced, even in good imperfect con- ductors, inch as the nitric and sulphuric acids. [Editor. Pantologia. ' CHAP. III. MAGNETISM. 1 HE theory of magetism bears a very strong resemblance to that of electricity, and it must therefore be placed near it in a system of natural philosophy. We have seen the electric fluid not only exert- ing attractions and repulsions, and causing a peculiar distribution of' neighbouring portions of a fluid similar to itself, but also excited in one body, and transferred to another, in such a manner as to be perceptible to the senses, or at least to cause sensible effects, in its passage. The attraction and repulsion, and the peculiar distribu- tion of the neighbouring fluid, are found in the phenomena of mag. netism ; but we do not perceive that there is any actual excitation, or any perceptible transfer of the magnetic fluid from one body to another distinct body; and it has also this striking peculiarity, that, metallic iron is very nearly, if not absolutely, the only substance capable of exhibiting any indications of its presence or activity. For explaining the phenomena of magnetism, we suppose the par. tides of a peculiar fluid to repel each other, and to attract the par. tides of metallic iron with equal forces, diminishing as the square of the distance increases ; and the particles of such iron must also be imagined to repel each other, in a similar manner. Iron and steel, when soft, are conductors of the magnetic fluid, and become less and less pervious to it as their hardness increases. The ground work of this theory is due to Mr. Aepinus, but the forces have been more particularly investigated by Coulomb, and others. There are the same objections to these hypotheses as to those which constitute the theory of electricity, if considered as original and fundamental properties of matter : and it is additionally difficult to imagine, why iron, and iron only, whether apparently magnetic or not, should repel similar particles of iron with a peculiar force, which happens to be precisely a balance to the attraction of the magnetic fluid for iron. This is obviously improbable ; but the hypotheses are still of great utility in assisting us to generalise, and to retain in memory a number of particular facts which would otherwise be insulated. The doctrine of the circulation of streams of the magnetic fluid hue been justly aud universally abandoned -, and some other theories, much more ingenious, and more probable, for instance that of Mr. E 3 54 MAGNETISM. Provost, appear to be too complicated, and too little supported by facts, to require much of our attention. The distinction between conductors and nonconductors is, with re. spect to the electric fluid, irregular and intricate; but in magnetism» the softness or hardness of the iron or steel constitutes the only difference. Heat, as softening iron, must consequently render it a conductor ; even the heat of boiling water affects it, in a certain degree, although it can scarcely be supposed to alter its temper; but the effect of a moderate heat is not so considerable in magnetism as in electricity. A strong degree of heat appears, from the expe- riments of Gilbert, and of Mr. Cavallo, to destroy completely all magnetic action. It is perfectly certain that magnetic effects are produced by quan- tities of iron incapable of being detected either by their weight or by any chemical tests. Mr. Cavallo found that a few particles of steel, adhering to a hone, on which the point of a needle was slightly rubbed, imparted to it magnetic properties ; and Mr. Coulomb has observed, that there are scarcely any bodies in nature which do not exhibit some marks of being subjected to the influence of mag. netism, although its force is always proportional to the quantity of iron which they contain, as far as that quantity can be ascertained; a single grain being sufficient to make 20 pounds of another metal sensibly magnetic. A combination, with a large proportion of oxygen, de- prives iron of the whole or the greater part of its magnetic proper, ties ; finery cinder is still considerably magnetic, but the more per. feet oxids and the salts of iron only in a slight degree ; it is also said thai antimony renders iron incapable of being attracted by the magnet. Nickel, when freed from arsenic and from cobalt, is decidedly magnetic, and the more so as it contains less iron. Some of the older chemists supposed nickel to be a compound metal con- taining iron ; and we may still venture to assume this opinion as a magnetical hypothesis. There is indeed no way of demonstrating that it is impossible for two substances to be so united as to be incapable of separation by the art of the chemist; had nickel been as dense as platina, or as light as cork, we could not have supposed that it contained any considerable quantity of iron, but in fact the specific gravity of these metals is rery nearly the same, and nickel is never found in nature but in the neighbourhood of iron ; we may therefore suspect, with some reason, that the hypothesis of the existence of iron in nickel may be even chemically true. The MAGNETISM. 55 inrora borealis is certainly in some measure a magnetical phenome- non, and if iron were the only substance capable of exhibiting maguetical effects, it would follow that some ferruginous particles must exist in the upper regions of the atmosphere. The light usually attending this magnetical meteor may possibly be derived from electricity, which may be the immediate cause of a change of the distribution of the magnetic fluid, contained in the ferruginous vapours, that are imagined to float in the air. We are still less capable of distinguishing with certainty in magnetism, than in electricity, a positive from a negative state, or a real redundancy of the fluid from a deficiency. The north pole of a magnet may be considered as the part in which the mag. netic fluid is either redundant or deficient, provided that the south pole be understood hi a contrary sense : thus, if the north pole of a magnet be supposed to be positively charged, the south pole must be imagined to be negative ; and in hard iron or steel these poles may be considered as unchangeable. A north pole, therefore, always repels a north pole, and attracts a south pole. And in a neutral piece of soft iron, near to the north pole of a magnet, the fluid becomes so distributed, by induction, as to form a temporary south pole next to the magnet, and the whole piece is of course attracted, from the great proximity of the attracting pole. If the bar is sufficiently soft, and not too long, the remoter end becomes a north pole, and the whole bar a perfect temporary magnet. But when the bar is of hard steel, the state of induction is imperfect, from the resistance opposed to the motion of the fluid ; hence the attraction is less powerful, and an opposite pole is formed, at a certain distance, within the bar ; and beyond this another pole, similar to the first ; the alternation being some- times repeated more than once. The distribution of the fluid within the magnet is also affected by the neighbourhood of a piece of soft iron, the north pole becoming more powerful by the vicinity of the new south pole, and the south pole being consequently strengthened in a certain degree ; so that the attractive power of the whole mag- net is increased by the proximity of the iron. A weak magnet is capable of receiving a temporary induction of a contrary magnetism, from the action of a more powerful one, its north pole becoming a south pole on tite approach of a stronger north pole; but the original south pole still retains its situation at the opposite end, aud restore* £4 56 MAGNETISM. the magnet nearly to its original condition, after the removal of the disturbing cause. The polarity of magnets, or their disposition to assume a certain direction, is of still greater importance than their attractive power. If a small magnet, or simply a soft wire, be poised on a centre, it will arrange itself in such a direction, us will produce an equilibrium of the attractions and repulsions of the poles of a larger magnet ; being a tangent to a certain oval figure, passing through those poles, of which the properties have been calculated by various mathema- ticians. This polarity may easily be imitated by electricity ; a sus- peuded wire being brought near to the ends of a positive and negative conductor, which are placed parallel to each other, as iu Nairne's electrical machine, its position is perfectly similar to that of a needle attracted by a magnet, of which those conductors represent the poles. The same effect is observable in iron filings placed near a magnet, and they adhere to each other in curved lines, by virtue of their in- duced magnetism, the north pole of each particle being attached to the south pole of the particle next it. This arrangement may be seen by placing the filings either on clean mercury, or on any surface that can be agitated ; and it may be imitated by strewing powder on a plate of glass, supported by two balls, which are contrarily electrified. The polarity of a needle may often be observed when it exhibits no sensible attraction or repulsion as a whole ; and this may easily l»e understood by considering that when one end of a needle is re- pelled from a given point, and the other is attracted towards it, the two forces, if equal, will tend to turn it round its centre, but will wholly destroy each other's effects with respect to any progressive motion of the whole needle. Thus, when the end of a magnet is placed under a surface on which iron filings are spread, and the sur- face is shaken, so as to leave the particles fur a moment in the air, they are not drawn sensibly towards the magnet, but their ends, which are nearest to the point over the magnet, are turned a little downwards, so that they strike the paper further and further from the magnet, and then tall outwards, as if they were repelled by it. The ni.igi.i-t-, \\hicli we have hitherto considered, are sut h as have a simple and well determined form ; but the great compound mag. net, which directs the mariner's compass, and which appears to con. .-is»t principally of the metallic and slightly oxidated iron, contained MAONETISM. 07 iii the internal parts of the earth, is probably of a far more intricate structure, and we can only judge of its nature from the various phae. noineoa derived from its influence. The accumulation and the deficiency of the magnetic fluid, which determine the place of the poles of this magnet, are probably in fact considerably diffused, but they may generally be imagined, without much error in the result, to centre in two points, one of them nearer to the north pole of the earth, the other to the south pole. In consequence of their attractions and repulsions, a needle, whether previously magnetic or not, assumes always, if freely poised, the direction necessary for its equilibrium ; which, in various parts of the globe, is variously inclined to tlie meridian and to the horizon. Hence arises the use of the compass in navigation, and in surveying: a needle, which is poised with a liberty of horizontal motion, assum- ing the direction of the magnetic meridian, which for a certain time remains almost invariable for the same place ; and a similar pro- perty is also observable in the dipping needle, which is moveable only in a vertical plane ; for when this plane is placed in the mag. netic meridian, the needle acquires an inclination to the horizon, which varies according to the situation of the place with respect to the magnetic poles. The natural polarity of the needle may be in some measure illus- trated by inclosing an artificial magnet in a globe ; the direction of a small needle, suspended over any part of its surface, being deter- mined by the position of the poles of the magnet, in the same man. ner as the direction of the compass is determined by the magnetical poles of the earth, although with much more regularity. In either case the whole needle is scarcely more or less attracted towards the globe than if the influence of magnetism were removed ; except when the small needle is placed very near to one of the poles of the artificial magnet, or, on the other hand, when the dipping needle is employed in the neighbourhood of some strata of ferruginous sub* stances, which, in particular parts of the earth, interfere materially with the more general effects, and alter the direction of the magnetic meridian. A bar of soft iron, placed in the situation of the dipping needle, acquires from the earth, by induction, a temporary state of magne- tism, which may be reversed at pleasure by reversin» its direction ; but bars of iron which have remained long in or near this direction, assume a permanent polarity ; for iron, even when it has been at 58 MAGNETISM. first quite soft, becomes in time a little harder. A natural magnet is no more than a heavy iron ore, which, in the course of ages, has acquired a strong polarity, from the great primitive magnet. It must have lain in some degree detached, and must possess but little conducting power, in order to have received and to retain its mag- netism. We cannot, from any assumed situation of two or more magnetic poles, calculate the true position of the needle for all places ; and even in the same place, its direction is observed to change in the course of years, according to a law which has never yet been gene- rally determined, although the variation which has been observed, at any one place, since the discovery of the compass, may perhaps be comprehended in some very intricate expressions ; but the less dependence can be placed on any calculations of this kind, as there is reason to think that the change depends rather on chemical than on physical causes. Dr. Halley indeed conjectured that the earth contained a nucleus, or separate sphere, revolving freely withiu it, or rather floating in a fluid contained in the intermediate space, and causing the variation of the magnetic meridian ; and others have attributed the effect to the motions of the celestial bodies : but in either case the changes produced would have been much more regu- lar and universal than those which have been actually observed. Temporary changes of the terrestrial magnetism have certainly been sometimes occasioned by other causes ; such causes are, therefore, most likely to be concerned in the more permanent effects. Thus, the eruption of Mount Hecla was found to derange the position of the needle considerably; the aurora borealis have been observed to cause it-, north pole to move six or seven degrees to the westward of its iiMial position; and a still more remarkable change occurs con- tinuiiliy in the diurnal variation. In these climates the north pole of the needle moves slowly westwards from about eight in the morn- ing till two, and in the evening returns again ; a change which has with great probability been attributed to the temporary elevation of the tempi-ratiin- of the earth, eastwards of the place of observation, where the sun's action takes place at an earlier hour in the morning, and to the diminution of the magnetic attraction in consequence of the heat thus communicated. in winter this variation amounts to about seven minutes, in summer to thirteen or fourteen. Important as the use of the compass is at present to navigation, it would be still more valuable if its declination from the true meri- MAGNETISM. 59 dian were constant for the same place, or even if it varied according to any discoverable law : since it would afford a ready mode of determining the longitude of a place by a comparison of an astro* nomical observation of its latitude with another of the magnitude of the declination. And in some cases it may even now be applied to this purpose, where we have a collection of late and numerous obser- vations. Such observations have from time to time been arranged in charts, furnished with lines indicating the magnitude of the declination or variation at the places through which they pass, beginning from the line of no variation, and proceeding on the opposite sides of this line to show the magnitude of the variation east or west. It is obvious that the intersection of a given parallel of latitude, with the line showing the magnitude of the variation, will indicate the precise situation of the place at which the observa- tions have been made. The line of no variation passed in 167 5 through London, and in 1666 through Paris : its northern extremity appears to have moved continually eastwards, and its southern parts westwards; and it now passes through the middle of Asia. The opposite portion seems to have moved more uniformly westwards ; it now runs from North America to the middle of the South Atlantic. On the European side of these lines, the declination is westerly ; on the South American side, it is easterly. The variation in London has been for several years a little more than 24°. In the West In- dies it changes but slowly ; for instance it was 5° near the island of Barbadoes, from 1700 to 1756. The dip of the north pole of the needle in the neighbourhood of London is 72°. Hence the lower end of a bar standing upright, as a poker, or a lamp-iron, becomes always a north pole, and a tem- porary south pole of a piece of soft iron being uppermost, it is $omewhat more strongly attracted by the north pole of a magnet placed over it, than by its south pole ; the distribution of the fluid in the magnet itself being also a little more favourable to the attrac. tion, while its north pole is downwards. It is obvious that the magnetism of the northern magnetic pole of the earth must resemble that of the south pole of a magnet, since it attracts the north pole ; so that if we considered the nature of the distribution of the fluid rather than its situation in the earth, we should call it a south pole. Although it is impossible to find any places for two, or even for a <>0 MAGNETISM. greater number of magnetic poles, which will correctly explain the direction of the needle in every part of the earth's surface, yet the dip may he determined with tolerable accuracy, from the snj lion of a small magnet placed at the centre of the earth, and directed towards a point in Baffin's Bay, about 75° north latitude, and 70° longitude west of London ; and the variation of the dip is so incon- siderable, that a very slow change of the position of this supposed magnet would probably be sufficient to produce it ; but the opera- tion of such a magnet, according to the general laws of the forces concerned, could not possibly account for the very irregular dispo. sitionof the curves indicating the degree of variation or declination; a general idea of these might perhaps be obtained from the supposi- tion of two magnetic poles situated in a line considerably distant from the centre of the earth ; but this hypothesis is by no means sufficiently accurate to allow us to place any dependence on it. The art of making magnets consists in a proper application of the attractions and repulsions of the magnetic fluid, by means of the different conducting powers of different kinds of iron and steel, to the production and preservation of such a distribution of the fluid in a magnet, as is the best fitted to the exhibition of its peculiar properties. We may begin with any bar of iron that has long stood in a ver- tical position; but it is more common to employ an artificial magnet of greater strength. When one pole of such a magnet touches the end of a bar of hard iron or steel ; that end assumes in some degree the opposite character, and the opposite end the same character : but in drawing the pole along the bar, the first end becomes neutral, and afterwards has the opposite polarity ; while the second end has its force at first a little increased, then becomes neutral, and after- wards is opposite to what it first was. When the operation is re- peated, the effect is at first in some measure destroyed, and it is difficult to understand why the repetition adds materially to the ine- quality of the distribution of the fluid ; but the fact is certain, and the strength of the new magnet is for some time increased at each stroke, until it has acquired all that it is capable of receiving. Seve. ral magnets, made in this manner, may be placed side by side, and each of them being nearly equal in strength to the first, the whole collf( (inn \\ill produce together a much stronger effect ; and in this manner we may obtain from a weak magnet others continually stronger, until we arrive at the greatest degree of polarity of which MAGNETISM. (il the metal is capable. It is, however, more usual to employ the process called the double touch : placing two magnets, witli their opposite poles near to each other, or the opposite poles of a single magnet, bent into the form of a horse.shoe, in contact with the mid. die of the bar ; the opposite actions of these two poles then conspire in their effort to displace the magnetic iluid, and the magnets having been drawn backwards and forwards repeatedly, an equal number of times to and from each end of the bar, with a considerable pres- sure, they are at last withdrawn in the middle, in order to keep the poles at equal distances. Iron filings, or the scoriae from a smith's forge, when finely levi- gated, and formed into a paste with linseed oil, are also capable of being made collectively magnetic. A bar of steel, placed red. hot between two magnets, and suddenly quenched by cold water, be. comes in some degree magnetic, but not so powerfully as it may be rendered by other means. For preserving magnets, it is usual to place their poles in contact with the opposite poles of other magnets, or with pieces of soft iron, which, in consequence of their own in. duced magnetism, tend to favour the accumulation of the magnetic power in a greater quantity than the metal can retain after they are removed. Hence the ancients imagined that the magnet fed on iron. A single magnet may be made of two bars of steel, with their ends pressed into close contact ; and it might be expected that when these bars are separated, or when a common magnet has been divided in the middle, the portions should possess the properties of the re- spective poles only. But in fact the ends which have been in contact are found to acquire the properties of the poles opposite to those of their respective pieces, and a certain point in each piece is neutral, which is at first nearer to the newly formed pole than to the other end, but is removed by degrees to a more central situation. In this case we must suppose, contrarily to the general principles of the theory, that the magnetic fluid has actually escaped by degrees from one of the pieces, and has been received from the atmosphere by the other. There is no reason to imagine any immediate connexion between magnetism and electricity, except that electricity affects the conduct, ing powers of iron or steel for magnetism, in the same manner as heat or agitation. In some cases a blow, an increase of tempera, ture, or a shock of electricity, may expedite a little the acquisitioa MAGNETISM. <»f polarity ; but more commonly any one of these causes in;; the magnetic power. Professor Robinson found, that when a good m.i^net \\as struck for three quarters of an hour, and allowed in the menu time to ring, its efficacy was destroyed ; although the same operation had little effect when I he ringing was impeded : so that the continued exertion of the cohesive and repulsive powers appears to favour the transmission of the magnetic as well as of the electric fluid. The internal agitation, produced in bending a magnetic wire round a cylinder, also destroys its |>olarity, and the operation of a file has the same effect. Mr. Cavallo has found that brass becomes in general much more capable of being attracted when it has been hammered, even between two flints ; and that this property is again diminished by fire: in this case it may be conjectured that hammer- ing increases the conducting power of the iron contained in the brass, and thus renders it more susceptible of magnetic action. Mr. Cavallo also observed that a magnetic needle was more powerfully attracted by iron filings during their solution in acids, especially in the sulphuric acid, than either before or after the operation : others have not always succeeded in the expert, ment ; but there is nothing improbable in the circumstance, and there may have been some actual difference in the results, de. pendent on causes too minute for observation. In subjects so little understood as the theory of magnetism, we are obliged to admit some paradoxical propositions, which are only surprising on account of the imperfect state of our knowledge. Yet, little as we can un- derstand the intimate nature of magnetical actions, they exhibit to us a number of extremely amusing, as well as interesting, pheno- mena; and the principles of crystallization, and even of vital growth and reproduction, are no where so closely imitated, as in the arrangement of the small particles of iron in the neighbourhood of a magnet, and in the production of a multitude of complete magnets, from the influence of a parent of the same kind. [Young's Natural Philosophy. CHAP. IV. AEROSTATION, INCLUDING THE PRINCIPLES, HISTORY, AND MANAGEMENT OF BALLOONS. SECTION I. Principles of Aerostation. 1 HE fundamental principles of this art have been long and gene- rally known, as well as the speculations on the theory of it j but the successful application of them to practice seems to be altoge- ther a modern discovery. These principles chiefly respect the weight or pressure, and elasticity of the air, with its specific gra- vity, and that of the other bodies to be raised or floated in it ; the particular detail of which principles, however, we have not space to enlarge upon. Suffice it therefore, for the present, to observe, that any body which is specifically, or bulk for bulk, lighter than the atmosphere, or air encompassing the earth, will be buoyed up by it, and ascend, like as wood, or a cork, or a blown bladder, ascends in water. And thus the body would continue to ascend to the top of the atmosphere, if the air were every where of the same density as at the surface of the earth. But as the air is compressible and elastic, its density decreases continually in ascending, on ac- count of the diminished pressure of the superincumbent air, at the higher elevations above the earth ; and therefore the body will as- cend only to such a height where the air is of the same specific gravity with itself; where the body will float, and move along with the wind or current of air, which it may meet with at that height. This body then is an aerostatic machine, of whatever form or na- ture it may be. And an air-balloon is a body of this kind, the whole mass of which, including its covering and contents, and the weights annexed to it, is of less weight than the same bulk of air in which it rises. We know of no solid bodies, however, that are light enough thus to ascend and float in the atmosphere ; and therefore recourse must be had to some fluid or aeriform substance. Among these, that which is called inflammable air, the hydrogen gas of the new nomenclature, is the most proper of any that have hitherto been C)4 I'KINCJPLES OF AEROSTATION. discovered. It is very elastic, ami from six to ten or eleven times lighter than common air; and consequently tins compound uill rise in the ItMXWpbere, ami continue to ascend till it attain a height -at which the atmosphere, is of the same specific gravity a* itself; where it will remain or float with the current of air, as long as the inflammable air does not escape through the pores of its co- vering. And this is an inflammable air-balloon. Another way is to make use of common air, rendered lighter by warming it, instead of the inflammable air. Heat, it is well known, rarefies and expands common air, and consequently lessens its specific gravity; and the diminution of its weight is proportional to the heat applied. If therefore the air, inclosed in any kind of a bag or covering, be heated, and consequently dilated, to such a degree, that the excess of the weight of an equal bulk of common air, above the weight of the heated air, be greater than the weight of the covering and its ap- pendages, the whole compound mass will ascend in the atmosphere, till, by the diminished density of the surrounding air, the wholt becomes of the same specific gravity with the air in which it floats ; where it will remain, till, by the cooling and condensation of the included air, it shall gradually contract and descend again, unless the heat is renewed or kept up. And such is a heated air-balloon, otherwise called a Montgolfier, from its inventor. Now it has been discovered, by various experiments, that one degree of heat, accord- ing.to the scale of Fahrenheit's thermometer, expands the air about one five.hundreth pact ; and, therefore, that it will require about 500°, or nearer 484° of heat, to expand the air to just double its bulk : which is a degree of heat far above what it is practicable to give it on such occasions. And, therefore, in this respect, common air heated is much inferior to inflammable air, in point of levity and usefulness for aerostatic machines. Upon such principles then de- pends the construction of the two sorts of air-balloons. But before treating of this branch more particularly, it will be proper to give a short historical account of this late. discovered art. SECTION II. History of Aerostation. VARIOUS schemes for rising in the air, and passing through it, have been devised and attempted, both by the ancients and 'mo- dems, and that upon different principles, and with various success. HISTORY OP AEROSTATION. 65 Of these, some attempts have been upon meclrauical principles, or by virtue of the powers of mechanism : and such are conceived to be the instances related of (he flying pigeon made by Archjtas ; the flying eagle and fly by Regiomontanus, and various others. Again, other projects have been formed tor attaching wings to some part of the body, which were to be moved either by the hands or feet, by the help of mechanical powers ; so that striking the air with them, after the manner of the wings of a bird, the person might raise him- self in the air, and transport himself through it, in imitation of that animal. The romances of almost every nation have recorded in- stances of persons being carried through the air, both by the agency of spirits and mechanical inventions; but till the time of the cele- brated Lord Bacon, no rational principle appears ever to have been thought of by which this might be accomplished. Friar Bacon, in. deed, had written upon the subject; and many had supposed, that, by means of artificial wings, a man might fly as well as a bird : but these opinions were refuted by Borelli in his treatise De Motu Ani. malium, where, from a comparison between the power of the mus- cles which move the wings of a bird, and those which move the arms of a man, he demonstrates that the latter are utterly insufficient to strike the air with such force as to raise him from the ground. In the year l6f2, Bishop Wilkins published his " Discovery of the New World," in which he certainly seems to have conceived the idea of raising bodies into the atmosphere by filling them with rare- fied air. This, however, he did not by any means pursue ; but rested his hopes upon mechanical motions, to be accomplished by human strength, or by springs, &c. which have been proved inca. pable of answering any useful purpose. The Jesuit, Francis Lann, cotemporary with Bishop Wilkins, proposed to exhaust hollow balls of metal of their air, and by that means occasion them to ascend. But though the theory was unexceptionable, the means were certainly insufficient to the end : for a vessel of cupper, made sufficiently thin to float in the atmosphere, would be utterly unable to resist the ex- ternal pressure, which being demonstrated, no attempt was made upon that principle. So that we may reckon nothing to have been particularly concerted towards aerostation, till the experiment of on« Gasman, a Portuguese friar, wlm is reported early in the last century to have launched a paper b-i\: in;«» ilie aii ; \Oitch, however, soon fell, after attaining the height of 1OO feet. Soon aficr Mr. Caveru dish's discotery of the specific gravity of inflammable air, it occurred TOt. VI. V 66 HISTORY OF AEROSTATION. to the ingenious Dr. Black, of Edinburgh, that if a bladder, suffi- ciently light and thin, were filled with this air, it would form a muss lighter than the same bulk of atmospheric air, and rise in it. This thought was suggested in his lectures in 1707 or 1768 ; and he pro. posed, by means of the allantois of a calf, to try the experiment. Other employments, however, prevented the execution of his d»',it»n. The possibility of constructing a vessel, which, when filled with in. flammable air, would ascend in the atmosphere, had occurred also to Mr. Cavallo about the same time ; and to him belongs the honour of having first made experiments on this subject, in the beginning <>t the year 1782, of which an account was read to the Royal Society, on the 20th of June, in that year. He tried bladders; but the thin, nest of these, however scraped and cleaned, were too heavy. In using China-paper, he found that the inflammable air passed through its pores, like water through a sieve ; and having failed of success by blowing this air into a thick solution of gum, thick varnishes, and oil paint, he was under a necessity of being satisfied with soap, balls ; which, being inflated with inflammable air, by dipping the end of a small glass tube, connected with a bladder containing the air, into a thick solution of soap, and gently compressing the blad- der, ascended rapidly in the atmosphere ; and these were the first sort of inflammable air-ballons that were ever made. But while aerostation seemed thus on the point of being made known in Britain, it was all at once announced in France, by two brothers, Stephen and John Moutgolfier, natives of Annonay, and masters of a considerable paper-manufactory there, who had turned tbeir thoughts to this project as early as the middle of the year 1/82. Their idea was to form an artificial cloud, by inclosing smoke in a bag, and making it carry up the covering along with it. In that year, the experiment was made at Avignon with a fine silk bag ; and by applying a burning paper to an aperture at the bottom, the air was rarefied, and the bag ascended to the height of 70 feet. — Va- rious experiments were now tried upon a large scale, which excited the public curiosity very greatly. An immense bag of linen, lined with paper, and containing upwards of 23,000 cubic feet, was found to have a power of lifting about 500 pounds, including its own weight. Burning chopped straw and wool under the aperture of the machine, immediately occasioned it to swell, and afterwards to ascend into the atmosphere. In ten minutes it had risen 6000 feet: and when its force was exhausted, it fell to the ground at the dis- HISTORY OP AEROSTATION. 67 tance of 7668 feet from the place it had left. Soon after this, one of the brothers, invited by the. Academy of Sciences to repeat his experiments at their expense, constructed a large balloon of an elliptical form. In a preliminary experiment, tins machine lifted from the ground eight persons who held it, and would have carried them all off, if more had not quickly come to their assistance. Next day the machine was rilled by the combustion of fifty pounds of straw, and twelve pounds of wool. The machine soon Dwelled, and sustained itself in the air, together with the charge of between 4 and 500 pounds weight. It was designed to repeat tlie experi- ment before the king, at Versailles ; but a violent storm of rain and wind happening to damage the machine, it became necessary to pre- pare a new one ; and such expedition was used that this va<t balloon, near 60 feet in height, and 43 in diameter, was made, painted within and without, and finely decorated, in no more than four days and four nights. Along with it was sent a wicker cage, containing a sheep, a cock, and a duck, which were the first animals ever sent on such a voyage. The full success of the experiment was, however, prevented by a violent gust of wind, which lore the machine in two places near the top before it ascended.
| 16,614 |
https://github.com/harunnryd/cuit-nanimus/blob/master/app/validators/post_validator/create.rb
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
cuit-nanimus
|
harunnryd
|
Ruby
|
Code
| 75 | 270 |
module PostValidator
class Create
def self.validate(current_object, attrs)
current_object = self.title(current_object, attrs)
current_object = self.content(current_object, attrs)
return current_object
end
private
def self.title(current_object, attrs)
if attrs[:title] == ''
current_object.errors.add(:title, 'must be presence')
end
if not attrs[:title].length.between?(5, 15)
current_object.errors.add(:title, 'character length must be between 5..15')
end
return current_object
end
def self.content(current_object, attrs)
if attrs[:title] == ''
current_object.errors.add(:content, 'must be presence')
end
if not attrs[:content].length.between?(5, 254)
current_object.errors.add(:content, 'character length must be between 5..254')
end
return current_object
end
end
end
| 46,374 |
https://github.com/edinburgh-kotlin-user-group/A-Generic-Talk-on-Kotlin/blob/master/kotlin/A Generic Talk On Kotlin/src/main/kotlin/mr/bergin/talks/a_generic_talk_on_kotlin/b_fundamentals/3_star_projection.kt
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,019 |
A-Generic-Talk-on-Kotlin
|
edinburgh-kotlin-user-group
|
Kotlin
|
Code
| 154 | 246 |
package mr.bergin.talks.a_generic_talk_on_kotlin.b_fundamentals
/**
* Sometimes you want to communicate that you don't need to know anything about the generic parameter.
*
* Here we use whats called Star Projection.
*
* This "sizeOf" function doesn't look at what's in the array, it only reads a property that's nothing to do with the
* parameter type.
*
* NB you can actually still read Any? out of this array.
*/
fun sizeOf(list: MutableList<*>) = list.size
/**
* So how do we really benefit here?
*
* Readability benefit - we could actually use <out Any?>, or <in Nothing> instead of <*> and it would be equivalent.
* <*> is simply shorter to read.
*
* Clearer intent - Given the above, it leaves no ambiguity for the reader of your function, it is entirely reasonable
* that <out Any> could be read as <out Any?> or vice versa, <*> does not have this problem.
*/
| 23,214 |
https://github.com/jesse-deboer/aloia-cms-gui/blob/master/src/Requests/PersistableFormRequest.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
aloia-cms-gui
|
jesse-deboer
|
PHP
|
Code
| 24 | 61 |
<?php
namespace AloiaCms\GUI\Requests;
interface PersistableFormRequest
{
/**
* Persist the data from this request to the file system
*/
public function save(): void;
}
| 39,121 |
https://github.com/ArcletProject/Edoves/blob/master/arclet/edoves/main/monomer.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
Edoves
|
ArcletProject
|
Python
|
Code
| 292 | 1,014 |
from abc import abstractmethod
from typing import Union, Optional, Any, List, Coroutine
import inspect
from .typings import TProtocol
from .interact import InteractiveObject, IOManager
from .component import MetadataComponent
from .behavior import BaseBehavior
from .utilles import IOStatus
class MonoMetaComponent(MetadataComponent):
io: "Monomer"
name: str
alias: str
__limit__ = ["name", "alias"]
def __getitem__(self, item: str) -> Union[Any, Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]:
res = self.additions.get(item, None) or self.__dict__.get(item, None)
if res is None:
return self.protocol.put_metadata(item, self.io)
return res
class BaseMonoBehavior(BaseBehavior):
io: "Monomer"
@abstractmethod
def activate(self):
...
@abstractmethod
async def change_metadata(
self,
meta: str,
value: Any,
target: Optional["Monomer"] = None,
**addition
):
await self.io.protocol.set_metadata(meta, value, target or self.io, **addition)
raise NotImplementedError
async def update(self):
pass
raise NotImplementedError
class Monomer(InteractiveObject):
prefab_metadata = MonoMetaComponent
prefab_behavior = BaseMonoBehavior
metadata: MonoMetaComponent
behavior: BaseMonoBehavior
def __init__(
self,
protocol: TProtocol,
name: str,
identifier: Union[int, str],
alias: Optional[str] = None,
):
data = self.prefab_metadata(self)
data.protocol = protocol
data.identifier = f"{identifier}@{protocol.identifier}"
data.name = name
data.alias = alias or ""
super(Monomer, self).__init__(data)
self.metadata.state = IOStatus.ESTABLISHED
def __getitem__(self, item: str):
parts = item.split(".")
if len(parts) == 1:
return self.metadata.__getitem__(item)
tag, attr = parts[0], parts[1]
if self.compare(tag):
return self.metadata.__getitem__(item)
def __setstate__(self, state):
f = inspect.currentframe()
lcs = f.f_back.f_back.f_locals
self.__init__(
lcs['self'].protocol,
state['metadata']['name'],
state['metadata']['identifier'].split("@")[0],
state['metadata']['alias']
)
self.add_tags(*state['metadata']['tags'])
class _EntitySelect:
def __getitem__(self, item) -> List["Monomer"]:
monomers: List["Monomer"] = IOManager.filter(Monomer)
conditions = []
slices = list(item) if not isinstance(item, slice) else [item]
for sl in slices:
key, value = sl.start, str(sl.stop)
if key in ("id", "uid", "identifier"):
def _(monomer: "Monomer", _value=value):
return monomer.metadata.pure_id == _value
elif key == "tag":
def _(monomer: "Monomer", _value=value):
return monomer.prime_tag == _value
elif key == "type":
def _(monomer: "Monomer", _value=value):
return monomer.__class__.__name__ == _value
else:
def _(monomer: "Monomer", _key=key, _value=value):
return getattr(monomer.metadata, _key, None) == _value
conditions.append(_)
return list(filter(lambda x: all([condition(x) for condition in conditions]), monomers))
at_mono = _EntitySelect()
| 6,905 |
2018/62018TN0139/62018TN0139_SL.txt_1
|
Eurlex
|
Open Government
|
CC-By
| 2,018 |
None
|
None
|
Slovenian
|
Spoken
| 266 | 761 |
C_2018142SL.01006801.xml
23.4.2018
SL
Uradni list Evropske unije
C 142/68
Tožba, vložena 21. februarja 2018 – Avio/Komisija
(Zadeva T-139/18)
(2018/C 142/87)
Jezik postopka: italijanščina
Stranki
Tožeča stranka: Avio SpA (Rim, Italija) (zastopniki: G. Roberti, G. Bellitti in I. Perego, odvetniki)
Tožena stranka: Evropska komisija
Predlogi
Tožeča stranka Splošnemu sodišču predlaga, naj:
—
vsebinsko, razglasi ničnost Sklepa Komisije C(2016) 4621 final z dne 20. julija 2016 o odobritvi – v smislu člena 8(2) Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 139/2004 z dne 20. januarja 2004 o nadzoru koncentracij podjetij – koncentracije „ASL / Arianespace“ v zadevi COMP/M.7724;
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kot pripravljalni ukrep, od Komisije na podlagi členov 88, 89 in 91(b) Poslovnika zahteva, da predloži dokazila iz oddelka III te tožbe;
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Komisiji naloži plačilo stroškov.
Tožbeni razlogi in bistvene trditve
Ta tožba je vložena zoper Sklep Komisije C(2016) 4621 final z dne 20. julija 2016 o odobritvi – v smislu člena 8(2) Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 139/2004 z dne 20. januarja 2004 o nadzoru koncentracij podjetij – koncentracije „ASL / Arianespace“ v zadevi COMP/M.7724, ki je bil objavljen v nezaupni različici 11. decembra 2017.
Tožeča stranka v utemeljitev tožbe navaja dva razloga.
1.
Komisija je storila očitno napako pri presoji, pomanjkljivo preučila zadevo in podala pomanjkljivo obrazložitev, ker ni pravilno analizirala nevarnosti izključitve izstrelnih naprav, ki jih upravlja Arianespace, iz trga, zlasti kar zadeva zmožnost, spodbude in protikonkurenčne učinke;
2.
Komisija je storila očitno pri presoji, ker ni zahtevala zavez v zvezi s trgom izstrelnih naprav, ki jih upravlja Arianespace, zlasti kar zadeva konkurenčna tveganja, povezana z navzkrižjem interesov v Arianespace, in nevarnost izmenjave občutljivih informacij med Arianespace in ASL.
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IMMC.COM%282020%29741%20final.FRA.xhtml.1_FR_ACT_part1_v3.docx
COMMISSION EUROPÉENNE
Bruxelles, le 19.11.2020
COM(2020) 741 final
COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN, AU CONSEIL, AU COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL EUROPÉEN ET AU COMITÉ DES RÉGIONS
Une stratégie de l'UE pour exploiter le potentiel des énergies renouvelables en mer en vue d'un avenir neutre pour le climat
{SWD(2020) 273 final}
1.Des énergies renouvelables en mer pour une Europe climatiquement neutre
Le tout premier parc d’éoliennes en mer au monde a été installé en 1991 à Vindeby, au large de la côte méridionale danoise. Peu pensaient alors qu’il pourrait représenter plus qu’un simple projet de démonstration
1
. 30 ans après, l’énergie éolienne en mer est devenue une technologie mature et de grande échelle qui fournit de l’électricité à des millions d’individus sur toute la planète. Les nouvelles installations présentent des facteurs de charge élevés et les coûts ont continué de diminuer au cours des 10 dernières années.
Aujourd’hui, les éoliennes en mer produisent de l’électricité propre qui concurrence les technologies existantes reposant sur des combustibles fossiles et peut parfois être moins chère que ces dernières. La primauté technologique et industrielle européenne dans ce domaine est incontestable. Des entreprises et des laboratoires européens élaborent rapidement une série d’autres technologies permettant d’exploiter la puissance de nos mers pour produire de l’énergie verte, de l’éolien en mer flottant
2
aux technologies de l’énergie océanique, houlomotrice ou marémotrice par exemple
3
, en passant par les installations photovoltaïques flottantes et la production de biocarburants à partir d’algues.
En tant que pionnière en matière d’énergies renouvelables en mer, l’Europe peut compter sur le large potentiel offert par les eaux de l’UE: la mer du Nord, la Baltique, la Méditerranée, la mer Noire et l’océan Atlantique ainsi que les mers bordant les régions ultrapériphériques de l’Union européenne
4
et les pays et territoires d’outre-mer. L’Europe doit exploiter ce potentiel technologique et physique pour atteindre ses objectifs de réduction des émissions de carbone à l’horizon 2030 et devenir climatiquement neutre avant 2050.
La communication sur le pacte vert pour l’Europe reconnaît pleinement ce potentiel de contribution à une économie moderne, économe en ressources et compétitive. Le plan cible en matière de climat à l’horizon 2030 soulignait pourquoi et comment les émissions de gaz à effet de serre devaient être réduites d’au moins 55 % d’ici à 2030 par rapport aux niveaux de 1990. Cela nécessitera une extension du secteur de l’énergie éolienne en mer, dont on estime qu’il requiert moins de 3 % de l’espace maritime européen et peut donc être compatible avec les objectifs de la stratégie de l’UE en faveur de la biodiversité
5.
L’Europe dispose d’une occasion majeure de renforcer la production d’électricité renouvelable,
6
pour développer l’utilisation directe de l’électricité dans davantage de domaines et soutenir l’électrification indirecte au moyen d’hydrogène, de carburants de synthèse ou d’autres gaz décarbonés, comme le montrent l’intégration des systèmes d’énergie
7
et les stratégies en faveur de l’hydrogène
8
. La stratégie européenne pour l’hydrogène notamment, fixe un objectif de 40 GW de capacité d’électrolyse liée aux énergies renouvelables dans l’UE d’ici 2030. Les énergies renouvelables en mer comptent parmi les technologies renouvelables qui présentent le plus gros potentiel de développement. Par rapport à la capacité installée de 12 GW des éoliennes en mer existantes, la Commission estime que l’objectif d’obtenir une capacité installée d’au moins 60 GW d’énergie éolienne en mer et d’au moins 1 GW d’énergie océanique
9
d’ici 2030, et de respectivement 300 GW
10
et 40 GW
11
d’ici 2050 est réaliste et réalisable. Atteindre ces objectifs permettrait de réaliser d’importants gains en matière de décarbonation de la production d’électricité et de décarboner, au moyen de l’hydrogène renouvelable, des secteurs dont l’empreinte carbone est difficile à réduire, avec à la clé de gros bénéfices en termes d’emploi et de croissance. Tout cela contribuerait ainsi à la reprise postérieure à la pandémie de COVID-19 et placerait l’Europe dans une position de leader dans les énergies propres, au service de ses objectifs de neutralité climatique et de pollution nulle. Atteindre une capacité installée de 300 GW d’énergie éolienne en mer et de 40 GW d’énergie océanique d’ici 2050 implique un changement d’échelle massif pour le secteur, en moins de 30 ans et à un rythme incomparable au développement antérieur d’autres technologies énergétiques. Cela revient à multiplier par près de 30 la capacité d’énergies renouvelables en mer d’ici 2050. On estime pour cela jusqu’à 800 milliards d’euros d’investissement nécessaire.
12
Les forces du marché, les progrès technologiques et l’évolution des prix continueront de stimuler la croissance des énergies renouvelables en mer au cours des prochaines années. Cependant, pour parvenir à un tel changement de vitesse, il est nécessaire de surmonter un certain nombre d’obstacles et de veiller à ce que tous les acteurs de la chaîne d’approvisionnement puissent à la fois maintenir et intensifier cette accélération du rythme de déploiement. L’UE et les gouvernements des États membres doivent participer davantage au processus, étant donné que dans le cadre des politiques d’aujourd’hui, la capacité d’installation actuelle et prévue ne permettrait d’atteindre qu’environ 90 GW
13
en 2050.
Pour aller plus vite, l’UE et les États membres devraient fournir aux entreprises et aux investisseurs un cadre à long terme qui favorise une coexistence harmonieuse entre les installations en mer et les autres utilisations de l’espace maritime, contribue à la protection de l’environnement et de la biodiversité et permette aux communautés de pêcheurs de prospérer. Cela contribue à la création d’emplois de qualité, facilite l’extension des infrastructures du réseau électrique
14
, renforce la coopération et la coordination transfrontières, veille à ce que le financement de la recherche soit orienté vers le développement et le déploiement de technologies non matures et promeut la compétitivité et la résilience de l’ensemble de la chaîne d’approvisionnement et de l’industrie de l’UE. Les technologies numériques devraient être un élément clé facilitant l’accélération du développement et de l’intégration de la production d’énergie en mer dans de vastes systèmes énergétiques, tout en limitant les impacts sur l’environnement et en fournissant précision, efficacité, analyse de données avancée et solutions fondées sur l’IA.
La présente communication propose une stratégie de l’UE visant à faire des énergies renouvelables en mer une composante clé du système énergétique européen d’ici 2050. Cette stratégie requiert une approche diversifiée adaptée à différentes situations. Elle présente ainsi un cadre général de mise en œuvre exposant les obstacles et défis communs à toutes les technologies en mer et à tous les bassins maritimes tout en proposant des solutions stratégiques spécifiques adaptées aux différents stades de développement des technologies et des contextes régionaux. Tous les bassins maritimes européens sont différents et présentent un potentiel variable en fonction des conditions géologiques spécifiques et du stade de développement particulier des énergies renouvelables en mer. Par conséquent, différents types de technologies seront les mieux adaptés en fonction du bassin maritime.
Compte tenu du délai de réalisation des projets d’énergies renouvelables en mer (jusqu’à 10 ans), cette stratégie définit l’orientation et les conditions qui l’accompagnent à un moment crucial pour veiller à ce que les technologies d’énergies renouvelables en mer puissent jouer un rôle décisif dans la réalisation de nos objectifs climatiques à l’horizon 2030 et 2050. Elle est également proposée à une période où le fonds de relance NextGenerationEU offre une occasion unique de mobiliser des capitaux publics pour prévenir le risque que les investissements privés en mer ralentissent en raison de la crise de la COVID-19.
En complément de cette stratégie, la Commission présente un document de travail qui expose des orientations sur l’organisation du marché de l’électricité.
2.Perspectives pour les technologies liées aux énergies renouvelables en mer
Le terme «technologies liées aux énergies renouvelables en mer» englobe un certain nombre de technologies énergétiques propres qui se trouvent à différents stades de maturité. De gros projets à l’échelle commerciale sont actuellement en cours dans les eaux européennes pour les éoliennes posées, mais d’autres technologies commencent à rattraper leur retard. De larges projets d’énergie éolienne flottante d’échelle commerciale sont annoncés dans certains États membres et l’énergie océanique atteint un niveau de maturité qui la rend intéressante pour de futures utilisations.
Source: JRC
L’UE est un leader mondial dans le secteur de l’énergie renouvelable en mer et des technologies connexes. Dans le domaine de l’éolien en mer, l’Europe bénéficie de l’avantage du pionnier pour ce qui est des éoliennes en mer posées, car elle compte sur un marché intérieur solide: 93 % de la capacité en mer installée européenne en 2019 a été fabriquée en Europe
15
. Le marché de l’éolien en mer de l’UE-27 représente 42 % (12 GW) du marché mondial concernant la capacité installée cumulée, suivi par le Royaume-Uni (9,7 GW) et la Chine (6,8 GW). Les entreprises européennes sont des acteurs essentiels sur le marché mondial de l’éolien en mer
16
, bien qu’elles soient confrontées à une concurrence croissante de la part des entreprises asiatiques. Les coûts totaux moyens actualisés de l’énergie produite (LCOE) ont baissé de 44 % en 10 ans pour l’éolien en mer, atteignant 45-79/MWh EUR en 2019.
Le secteur européen des énergies renouvelables est également puissant en ce qui concerne la technologie des éoliennes flottantes. Divers modèles d’éoliennes flottantes existent ou sont développés, mais aucun ne domine à ce stade. D’ici 2024, il est attendu que des éoliennes flottantes en mer d’une capacité de 150 MW soient mises en service. Un niveau d’ambition et de clarté élevé est nécessaire pour atteindre un marché suffisamment étendu pour permettre une réduction des coûts: il est possible d’atteindre des LCOE de moins de 100 EUR/MWh en 2030 si une grande capacité est déployée.
Les entreprises de l’UE sont également leaders à l’échelle mondiale dans le développement de technologies liées à l’énergie océanique, principalement houlomotrice et marémotrice. Elles détiennent 66 % des brevets en matière d’énergie marémotrice et 44 % d’entre eux en ce qui concerne l’énergie houlomotrice. De plus, 70 % de la capacité mondiale d’énergie océanique a été développée par des entreprises implantées dans l’UE-27. Tous les projets actuellement réalisés dans le monde exploitent une technologie de l’UE. Les technologies liées à l’énergie océanique sont relativement stables et prévisibles et peuvent compléter l’éolien ainsi que l’énergie solaire photovoltaïque. Aujourd’hui, aucune technologie marine spécifique ne domine et le secteur peine encore à créer un marché de l’UE malgré les progrès réalisés en matière de développement et de démonstration. Cependant, les technologies marines pourraient fortement contribuer au système et au secteur énergétiques européen à partir de 2030, notamment en soutenant la stabilité du réseau électrique et en jouant un rôle prépondérant dans la décarbonation des îles de l’UE. À l’heure actuelle, bien qu’une importante réduction des coûts soit nécessaire pour que les technologies marémotrices et houlomotrices atteignent leur plein potentiel dans le bouquet énergétique, le secteur a déjà réduit ses coûts de 40 % depuis 2015, soit plus rapidement que prévu. Mettre en place la réserve existante de projets pilotes d’infrastructures d’une capacité de 100 MW avant 2025 serait une étape essentielle et réalisable pour atteindre une échelle commerciale avant 2030.
D’autres technologies sont encore aux premiers stades de développement mais peuvent être prometteuses pour l’avenir: les biocarburants produits à partir d’algues (biodiesel, biogaz et bioéthanol), la conversion de l’énergie thermique des océans (CETO) et les installations photovoltaïques flottantes (déjà déployées dans des eaux enclavées, mais principalement au stade de recherche et de démonstration en mer, avec seulement 17 kW installés).
Le secteur des technologies liées aux énergies renouvelables en mer
Les fabricants d’éoliennes, les entreprises spécialisées dans la construction de tours et de fondations, les fournisseurs de câbles et les opérateurs de navires font tous partie d’une chaîne d’approvisionnement active pour l’ensemble du secteur. Celui-ci compte des centaines d’acteurs, dont beaucoup sont des PME qui fournissent des composants et emploient des milliers d’ouvriers, d’ingénieurs et de scientifiques. 62 000 personnes travaillent actuellement dans le secteur de l’éolien en mer
17
et environ 2 500 dans celui de l’énergie océanique
18
. Le secteur des technologies liées aux énergies renouvelables en mer fait mieux que celui des énergies conventionnelles en ce qui concerne la valeur ajoutée, la productivité de la main-d’œuvre et la croissance de l’emploi et pourrait plus fortement contribuer à la croissance du PIB de l’UE dans les années à venir.
Le développement des énergies renouvelables en mer est une véritable réussite européenne. Bien que les installations d’énergies renouvelables en mer se concentrent encore dans certains bassins maritimes, l’activité industrielle qui les sous-tend est alimentée par un grand nombre d’entreprises réparties dans les pays et régions de l’UE, dont des régions intérieures et enclavées. Par exemple, les composants d’éolienne sont fabriqués en Autriche, en République tchèque et dans des régions intérieures en Espagne, en France, en Allemagne et en Pologne
19.
Installations de fabrication de composants d’éoliennes terrestres et en mer en Europe (mise à jour de juillet 2020)
20
3.BASSINS MARITIMES DE L’UE: UN POTENTIEL VASTE ET VARIÉ DE DÉPLOIEMENT DES ÉNERGIES RENOUVELABLES EN MER
L’UE dispose du plus grand espace maritime au monde et se trouve dans une position unique pour développer les énergies renouvelables en mer grâce à la diversité et à la complémentarité de ses bassins maritimes.
La coopération régionale a récemment été renforcée dans certains bassins maritimes, la coopération énergétique des mers du Nord (NSEC)
21
constituant l’exemple de coopération le plus avancé ainsi qu’une référence pour d’autres États membres souhaitant exploiter pleinement le potentiel des énergies renouvelables en mer. Les énergies renouvelables en mer constituent désormais une priorité paneuropéenne, et la coopération au niveau régional est étendue à tous les bassins maritimes et à tous les États membres. Les travaux en cours dans le cadre du plan d’interconnexion des marchés énergétiques de la région de la mer Baltique (PIMERB) ou du groupe de haut niveau pour les interconnexions en Europe du Sud-Ouest et la connexion énergétique pour l’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est (CESEC) sont très pertinents dans ce contexte. En juin 2020, le mémorandum de Split
22
a mis l’accent sur les énergies renouvelables en mer dans le cadre des travaux visant à réaliser une transition énergétique dans les îles.
Potentiel technique de l’éolien en mer dans les bassins maritimes accessibles aux pays de l’UE-27 (ENSPRESO 2019 du JRC)
23
La mer du Nord possède un potentiel naturel élevé et étendu pour l’énergie éolienne en mer grâce à ses eaux peu profondes ainsi qu’un potentiel localisé d’énergies houlomotrice et marémotrice. La mer du Nord est actuellement la première région au monde en matière de capacités déployées et d’expertise dans le domaine de l’éolien en mer. En mer du Nord, la solide base politique et de gouvernance que constitue la NSEC est un atout, au même titre que l’expertise d’organisations comme la commission mise en place par la convention OSPAR
24
, qui réunit quinze gouvernements et l’UE en vue de coopérer pour protéger l’environnement marin de l’Atlantique du Nord-Est.
La mer Baltique possède également un potentiel naturel élevé en matière d’énergie éolienne en mer
25
et un certain potentiel localisé an matière d’énergie houlomotrice. Les pays ont commencé à coopérer plus étroitement pour exploiter ce potentiel, notamment dans le cadre du plan d’interconnexion des marchés énergétiques de la région de la mer Baltique (PIMERB)
26
, de l’initiative «Vision et stratégies concernant la mer Baltique» (VASAB), de la Commission pour la protection de l'environnement marin de la mer Baltique, dite «Commission d’Helsinki (HELCOM)», et de la stratégie de l’UE pour la région de la mer Baltique
27.
Les eaux de l’Océan atlantique situées dans l’UE possèdent un potentiel naturel élevé en matière d’énergie éolienne en mer, pour ce qui est de l’éolien tant fixe que flottant, ainsi qu’un bon potentiel naturel pour les énergies houlomotrice et marémotrice. Les États membres mettent au point une solide réserve de projets de démonstration, en s’appuyant sur des années d’expérience tirée d’équipements installés et connectés au réseau et sur un réseau mondial de centres d’essai de premier plan. Selon la stratégie de l’UE pour l’Atlantique et le plan d’action révisé de 2020 pour l’Atlantique
28
, les énergies renouvelables en mer constituent un domaine stratégique de coopération. La France, l’Espagne et le Portugal ont également noué une bonne coopération régionale au sein du groupe de haut niveau pour les interconnexions en Europe du Sud-Ouest.
La mer Méditerranée dispose d’un potentiel élevé en matière d’énergie éolienne en mer (éolien essentiellement flottant) ainsi que d’un bon potentiel en matière d’énergie houlomotrice et d’un potentiel localisé en matière d’énergie marémotrice
29
. La coopération régionale en matière d’énergies renouvelables en mer est organisée dans le cadre de la convention de Barcelone (environnement) et de l’initiative WestMed
30
. Récemment, l’Alliance Med7 a aussi fait spécifiquement référence à la nécessité de soutenir le développement des énergies renouvelables en mer Méditerranée et dans l’Atlantique
31
. Le groupe de haut niveau pour la connexion énergétique pour l’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est (CESEC) pourrait encourager les initiatives de coopération régionale, depuis la mer Adriatique en direction de l’est.
La mer Noire offre un bon potentiel naturel pour l’éolien en mer (fixe et flottant) et un potentiel localisé pour l’énergie houlomotrice. La coopération régionale s’inscrit déjà dans le cadre du programme maritime commun pour la mer Noire
32
. Le programme stratégique pour la recherche et l’innovation en mer Noire
33
mentionne, parmi l’une de ses priorités, la nécessité de stimuler les secteurs émergents de l’économie bleue, comme l’énergie éolienne en mer et la technologie houlomotrice. Le groupe de haut niveau pour la CESEC pourrait également favoriser les initiatives de coopération régionale en mer Noire.
Les îles de l’UE disposent d’un grand potentiel en matière d’énergies marines et peuvent jouer un rôle important dans le développement de l’énergie en mer de l’UE. Elles constituent d’intéressants terrains d’essai et de démonstration pour des technologies innovantes de production d’électricité en mer. L’initiative «Énergie propre pour les îles de l’UE»
34
fournit un cadre de coopération à long terme pour promouvoir des projets reproductibles et modulables grâce à des financements provenant d’investisseurs du secteur privé, à des instruments de soutien pertinents de l’UE et à une assistance technique, afin d’accélérer la transition vers une énergie propre sur toutes les îles de l’UE.
En outre, de nombreuses régions ultrapériphériques européennes et pays et territoires d’outre-mer recèlent un bon potentiel en matière d’énergies renouvelables en mer et jouent un rôle de pionniers en matière de décarbonation des îles, dont il est fait mention dans l’initiative «Énergie propre pour les îles de l’UE». De nouvelles initiatives, y compris la coopération avec les régions voisines lorsque c’est possible, devraient contribuer à optimiser ce potentiel.
4.comment intensifier le déploiement des énergies renouvelables en mer en Europe?
Les défis à relever sont nombreux pour concrétiser la réflexion exposée dans la présente stratégie, à savoir un déploiement d’ici à 2050 d’énergies renouvelables en mer de 300 GW d’énergie éolienne en mer et de 40 GW d’énergie océanique dans l’ensemble des bassins maritimes de l’UE. Dans les sections suivantes, nous nous proposons d’examiner les principaux défis qui se posent et de formuler des propositions politiques et réglementaires pour y faire face.
4.1Planification de l’espace maritime en vue d’une gestion durable de l’espace et des ressources
Pour atteindre d’ici à 2050 une capacité installée d’énergies renouvelables en mer de 300 GW d’énergie éolienne en mer et de 40 GW d’énergie océanique, il faudra recenser et utiliser un nombre beaucoup plus important de sites pour la production d’énergie renouvelable en mer et la connexion au réseau de transport d’électricité. Les pouvoirs publics devraient donc planifier à un stade précoce ces évolutions à long terme, en évaluant leur durabilité environnementale, sociale et économique, en assurant la coexistence avec d’autres activités, telles que la pêche et l’aquaculture, le transport maritime, le tourisme, la défense ou le déploiement d’infrastructures, et en veillant à ce que le public accepte les déploiements prévus.
Le développement des énergies renouvelables en mer doit également se faire dans le respect de la législation environnementale de l’UE ainsi que de la politique maritime intégrée
35
. Le choix d’un site pour un projet d’énergie renouvelable en mer est un processus délicat. La désignation d’espaces maritimes pour l’exploitation de l’énergie en mer devrait être compatible avec la protection de la biodiversité, tenir compte des conséquences socio-économiques pour les secteurs tributaires de la bonne santé des écosystèmes marins et intégrer autant que possible d’autres utilisations de la mer.
La planification de l’espace maritime est un outil essentiel et bien établi pour anticiper les changements ainsi que pour prévenir et atténuer les conflits entre priorités politiques tout en créant des synergies entre les secteurs économiques.
Les énergies renouvelables en mer peuvent et devraient coexister avec de nombreuses autres activités, en particulier dans les zones densément peuplées. À cette fin, la planification de l’espace maritime au niveau national devrait adopter une approche globale, prévoyant des utilisations et des finalités multiples. Les États membres de l’UE adoptent cette approche de manière croissante et prometteuse. Une telle approche a démontré que le développement d’infrastructures énergétiques n’est pas incompatible avec l’existence de lignes de navigation maritime et qu’il est possible de développer des activités économiques durables dans des zones marines protégées. Ces expériences et bonnes pratiques en matière d’utilisations multiples devraient être transférées à toutes les utilisations en mer, y compris dans les secteurs de la défense et de la sécurité. Dans ce contexte, les projets s’appuieront également sur les derniers outils numériques et de suivi pour garantir une coexistence efficace. Le recours aux nouvelles technologies peut également contribuer à réduire au minimum les incidences des énergies en mer sur les habitats et sur les espèces protégées. Il convient dès lors d’encourager la poursuite de la recherche et de l’expérimentation afin de faire progresser davantage les projets pilotes prévoyant des utilisations multiples et de rendre l’approche envisageant des utilisations multiples plus opérationnelle et plus attrayante pour les investisseurs. Ce processus pourrait être facilité dans le cadre d’enceintes de coopération régionale. Les États membres pourraient également envisager d’inclure des critères relatifs aux utilisations multiples dans la procédure d’appel d’offres et d’autorisation.
Exemples de projets pilotes ayant donné de bons résultats concernant des utilisations multiples dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables en mer
Parc éolien en mer et aquaculture. Le projet MERMAID a mis en évidence les avantages environnementaux qu’il y a à associer, sous différentes formes, l’aquaculture à des systèmes d’énergies renouvelables en mer. Ce projet a débouché sur plusieurs projets pilotes en Allemagne, en Belgique, en Espagne, en France, aux Pays-Bas et au Portugal, portant sur les mollusques, les algues et les plateformes offshore aux utilisations multiples (par exemple les projets Edulis, TROPOS, Wier en Wind).
Les zones marines protégées et l’économie bleue en Méditerranée. Le projet Interreg PHAROS4MPAs a rassemblé des informations sur l’interaction entre les zones marines protégées de la Méditerranée et l’économie bleue, y compris les parcs éoliens en mer. Il fournit des orientations sur la manière de prévenir ou de réduire au minimum les incidences environnementales de secteurs clés.
La coopération en mer Baltique a permis de définir des corridors pour les câbles et les gazoducs qui réduisent au minimum le franchissement des lignes maritimes et les risques pour les pêcheurs (projet Interreg BalticLINES). Certains pêcheurs travaillent également à temps partiel pour des parcs éoliens en mer
36.
La directive PEM
37
impose à tous les États membres côtiers de soumettre des plans nationaux issus de la planification de l’espace maritime à la Commission européenne au plus tard le 31 mars 2021. Ces plans feront l’objet d’une évaluation environnementale stratégique au titre de la directive 2001/42/CE (la «directive ESIE») et d'évaluations supplémentaires conformément aux directives «Habitats»
38
et «Oiseaux»
39
afin de garantir la protection des sites Natura 2000 et des espèces protégées
40
. Ces procédures devraient faire en sorte que les incidences négatives potentielles sur l’environnement naturel soient réduites, voire évitées, à un stade très précoce du processus de planification.
Un défi majeur consiste donc à intégrer les objectifs de développement des énergies renouvelables en mer lors de l’élaboration des plans nationaux issus de la planification de l’espace maritime conçus par les États membres, sur la base de leurs plans nationaux en matière d’énergie et de climat. Les entreprises et les investisseurs seraient ainsi informés des intentions des gouvernements en ce qui concerne le développement futur du secteur des énergies renouvelables en mer, ce qui aiderait tant le secteur privé que le secteur public à planifier l’avenir.
Dans ce contexte, la sécurité et la sûreté revêtent une importance primordiale dans l’environnement maritime. Les zones présentant le plus grand potentiel d’énergie renouvelable en mer sont également les plus exposées aux risques liés aux collisions avec des navires, aux engins de pêche, aux activités militaires ou aux munitions et produits chimiques immergés. Une approche stratégique commune des États membres à l’égard des risques au niveau des bassins maritimes profiterait à toutes les activités maritimes, et en particulier au secteur des énergies renouvelables en mer, dans lequel la demande de nouveaux sites accessibles est forte.
En outre, une planification solide de l’espace maritime peut également permettre la protection adéquate d’écosystèmes vulnérables, conformément aux obligations de parvenir à un bon état écologique, consacrées dans la directive-cadre «stratégie pour le milieu marin»
41
, notamment eu égard à la mise à jour des programmes de mesures marines qui doit se faire en 2022. La stratégie de l’UE en matière de biodiversité invite à l’extension et à la gestion efficace du réseau de zones protégées de l’UE, l’objectif étant de faire passer sa superficie de 11 % à 30 % et d’en protéger strictement un tiers (par rapport à 1 % aujourd’hui).
Pour garantir le succès de la planification et du déploiement à grande échelle des énergies renouvelables en mer, il sera nécessaire de renforcer la coopération régionale, notamment grâce aux cadres de coopération des stratégies macrorégionales de l’UE
42
et aux programmes de financement Interreg
43
. Tant la directive PEM que la directive-cadre «stratégie pour le milieu marin» imposent aux États membres de coopérer par-delà les frontières, au niveau des bassins maritimes. Il appartient aux États membres de décider si, où et dans quelle mesure ils souhaitent développer les énergies renouvelables en mer dans leur zone économique exclusive, mais il est préférable de résoudre certains problèmes liés à l’identification des meilleurs sites et à la coexistence avec d’autres utilisations en les abordant au niveau régional.
La Commission européenne continuera donc de collaborer étroitement avec les États membres pour soutenir l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre, d’une manière coordonnée, des plans nationaux issus de la planification de l’espace maritime et des stratégies marines nationales, en tenant compte des considérations régionales.
Les plans et stratégies par bassins maritimes
44
, ainsi que les conventions maritimes régionales
45
peuvent contribuer à assurer l’harmonisation et la coordination du développement des énergies renouvelables en mer entre les États membres. Les conventions maritimes régionales visent à protéger le milieu marin de certaines régions marines. Elles peuvent constituer un forum permettant de partager des connaissances
46
et de prendre des décisions juridiquement contraignantes. Il est essentiel de renforcer la coopération et la coordination par bassins maritimes avec d’autres enceintes régionales spécialisées dans les énergies renouvelables et la planification maritime.
La consultation publique fait partie intégrante des évaluations environnementales et socio-économiques et des processus de planification de l’espace maritime. La participation précoce de tous les groupes concernés est essentielle pour permettre le déploiement en temps utile de nouvelles capacités. Les autorités régionales ou nationales ont l’obligation légale et la responsabilité d’informer ces groupes de manière proactive sur les projets, les réglementations et les possibilités en matière de développement d’utilisations multiples de l’espace maritime. La Commission analysera plus en détail les interactions entre les énergies renouvelables en mer et les autres activités en mer, comme la pêche, l’aquaculture, le transport maritime et le tourisme
47
, et elle encourage vivement ce dialogue avec les communautés les plus concernées. Aux niveaux européen, régional et local, les acteurs prévoyant de développer des énergies renouvelables en mer, les autres utilisateurs de la mer, les partenaires sociaux, les ONG et les pouvoirs publics devraient engager un débat stratégique à long terme sur la réalisation d’objectifs communs.
Enfin, les énergies renouvelables en mer ne seront durables que si elles n’ont d’incidences négatives ni sur l’environnement ni sur la cohésion économique, sociale et territoriale. Bien que les données probantes actuelles semblent indiquer que ce soit possible, il convient de surveiller la situation et de mettre à jour nos connaissances scientifiques au fur et à mesure de l’augmentation des capacités et du développement de nouvelles technologies. Par conséquent, des analyses et des échanges de données approfondis et plus systématiques sont nécessaires, en utilisant les meilleurs outils de modélisation disponibles, afin de surveiller les incidences cumulatives potentielles sur le milieu marin et l’interaction entre les énergies renouvelables en mer et d’autres activités en mer telles que la pêche et l’aquaculture.
La Commission invite les développeurs et les parties prenantes des États membres à améliorer la qualité et l’utilisation du service Copernicus de surveillance du milieu marin et du réseau européen d’observation et de données du milieu marin (EMODnet). En tant que plateformes de données ouvertes, ces services fournissent des informations très précieuses aux utilisateurs de la mer, notamment aux promoteurs d’énergies renouvelables en mer. En outre, les autorités compétentes devraient mettre en place, à l’attention des exploitants, des dispositions contraignantes afin de surveiller les incidences éventuelles sur le milieu marin, et les données en la matière devraient être rendues publiques et facilement accessibles. L’étape suivante doit consister à analyser et à évaluer les données afin de tirer des conclusions susceptibles d’être utilisées par la suite et de soutenir les décisions politiques.
Afin de faciliter le dialogue relatif à la durabilité environnementale, économique et sociale des énergies renouvelables en mer, la Commission est prête à faciliter et à promouvoir une «communauté de pratiques» permettant à toutes les parties prenantes, aux entreprises du secteur, aux partenaires sociaux, aux ONG et aux scientifiques d’échanger leurs points de vue, de partager leurs expériences et de travailler sur des projets communs.
Actions clés
·La Commission facilitera la coopération transfrontalière et encouragera les États membres à intégrer les objectifs de développement des énergies renouvelables en mer dans leurs plans nationaux issus de la planification de l’espace maritime, conformément aux plans nationaux en matière d’énergie et de climat (PNEC) (mars 2021).
·La Commission fera rapport sur la mise en œuvre de la directive PEM
48
en tenant compte du développement à long terme des énergies renouvelables en mer (2022).
·La Commission élaborera avec les États membres et les organisations régionales une approche commune et des projets pilotes en matière de planification de l’espace maritime au niveau des bassins maritimes, en examinant les risques en mer ainsi que la compatibilité avec la protection et la restauration de la nature (2021-2025).
·La Commission présente aujourd’hui un document d’orientation sur le développement de l’énergie éolienne et la législation de l’Union européenne relative à la conservation de la nature
49.
·La Commission encouragera en 2021 un dialogue sur les énergies renouvelables en mer entre les pouvoirs publics, les parties prenantes et les scientifiques sous la forme d’une communauté de pratiques. (2021).
·La Commission soutiendra des projets d’utilisations multiples avec les États membres et les organisations régionales (2021-2025).
·La Commission et l’Agence européenne de défense mettront en place une action commune afin de recenser les obstacles au développement d’énergies renouvelables en mer dans des zones réservées aux activités de défense et d’améliorer la coexistence.
4.2 Une nouvelle approche pour les énergies renouvelables en mer et les infrastructures de réseau
La planification de l’espace pour les énergies renouvelables en mer est étroitement liée au développement du réseau en mer et terrestre. La présente section expose les différentes étapes du développement du réseau en mer ainsi que les mesures susceptibles de soutenir les infrastructures nécessaires pour faire des énergies renouvelables en mer à grande échelle une réalité.
La plupart des parcs éoliens en mer existants ont été déployés sous la forme de projets nationaux directement reliés au littoral par des liaisons radiales (figure 1). Ce mode de développement des énergies renouvelables en mer devrait se poursuivre, en particulier dans les zones où le développement en mer prend à peine son essor. En parallèle, les gestionnaires de réseau de transport (GRT) du réseau national devraient également continuer à construire des interconnexions transfrontalières pour les échanges d’électricité et la sécurité de l’approvisionnement.
Figure 1 - Parcs éoliens en mer raccordés de manière radiale au rivage et interconnexion distincte
Afin d’intensifier le déploiement des énergies renouvelables en mer de manière efficace et durable, il est essentiel de prévoir une planification plus rationnelle du réseau et le développement d’un réseau maillé
50
. Dans ce contexte, le concept de «projets hybrides»
51
a bénéficié d’une attention considérable ces dernières années. Un projet hybride peut être mis en place de différentes manières, notamment au moyen d’îlots énergétiques et de pôles énergétiques. La figure 2 présente un exemple de projet hybride, dans lequel la production éolienne en mer est directement raccordée à une interconnexion transfrontalière
52.
Figure 2 - Exemple de projet hybride (modèle «tie-in»)
La principale différence entre une connexion radiale au réseau et un projet hybride réside dans le fait que, dans le deuxième cas, le réseau possède une double fonctionnalité combinant l’interconnexion électrique entre deux États membres ou davantage et le transport d’énergie renouvelable en mer vers ses sites de consommation.
Idéalement, une partie du futur réseau en mer sera construite autour de projets hybrides, lorsqu’ils permettent de réduire les coûts et l’utilisation de l’espace maritime. Les projets hybrides en mer regroupent la production d’énergie en mer et son transport dans un cadre transfrontalier, ce qui permet de réaliser d’importantes économies en termes de coûts et d’utilisation de l’espace par rapport à l’approche actuelle reposant sur des connexions radiales et de développer séparément des interconnexions électriques transfrontalières pour les échanges, sans nécessiter de connexion avec la production en mer. Les projets hybrides constitueront une étape intermédiaire entre les projets nationaux de moindre envergure et un maillage total du système et du réseau énergétiques en mer. Il est ainsi nécessaire, dans ce contexte, d’assurer l’interopérabilité des différents systèmes nationaux en mer.
Pour permettre une expansion significative des énergies renouvelables en mer, le développement et la planification d’un réseau en mer doivent dépasser les frontières nationales et couvrir l’ensemble du bassin maritime et il faudrait envisager de plus en plus la possibilité d’une multifonctionnalité, sous la forme de projets hybrides ou, à un stade ultérieur, d’un réseau davantage maillé. Par conséquent, dans un premier temps, les États membres doivent adopter une approche coordonnée et prendre un engagement à long terme en faveur du développement des énergies renouvelables en mer. Ils devraient fixer ensemble des objectifs ambitieux pour les énergies renouvelables en mer dans chaque bassin maritime, tout en tenant compte de la protection de l’environnement, des incidences socio-économiques et de la planification de l’espace maritime. Ces objectifs pourraient se traduire par un protocole d’accord ou un accord intergouvernemental entre les États membres concernés, tenant compte des spécificités du bassin maritime concerné. La Commission est disposée à faciliter le processus de coordination en vue de parvenir à un accord sur un tel engagement à long terme, en réunissant les États membres concernés et en fournissant une assistance pratique (par exemple sous la forme d’un document pouvant servir de modèle) afin de définir une direction claire, intégrant les dispositions relatives à la coopération régionale prévues par le règlement sur la gouvernance de l’union de l’énergie et de l’action pour le climat
53
. Ces engagements devraient apparaître dans la mise à jour des plans nationaux en matière d’énergie et de climat pour la période 2023-2024.
L’étape suivante consisterait à tenir compte de ces objectifs ambitieux dans la planification et le développement intégrés de réseaux régionaux. Le manque de réseaux en mer ou le risque de retard dans le développement des réseaux peuvent constituer des obstacles majeurs à un déploiement rapide. La production d’hydrogène en mer et les hydroducs constituent une autre option pour fournir à terre de l’énergie produite en mer et devraient entrer en considération dans la planification des réseaux d’électricité et de gaz. Le réseau lui-même devra être en mesure d’intégrer efficacement les capacités de production élevées qui sont attendues, tout en réduisant au minimum l’utilisation de l’espace maritime. Pour qu’un investisseur décide d’investir dans la production d’électricité à partir de sources renouvelables en mer, il est essentiel que cet investisseur comprenne bien le calendrier et les plans de développement de l’infrastructure de réseau en mer et terrestre. Les délais de réalisation sont plus longs pour le développement du réseau (généralement 10 ans ou plus) que pour la production d’électricité en mer, ce qui souligne la nécessité d’investissements prospectifs dans le réseau. En outre, les procédures d’autorisation dans les États membres devraient être rationalisées dans la mesure du possible afin d’éviter des retards inutiles. La planification du réseau devrait également tenir compte des besoins terrestres pour relier l’énergie en mer à la production d’hydrogène, etc. Les engagements pris par les États membres réduiront le risque pour les GRT de développer des actifs irrécupérables en mer.
Il faudra pour cela renforcer, au sein d’un même bassin maritime, la coordination entre les GRT et les autorités de régulation nationales des États membres en ce qui concerne la planification de l’infrastructure de réseau
54
. Le cadre législatif actuel, tel que défini, par exemple, par le règlement sur la gouvernance de l’union de l’énergie et de l’action pour le climat
55
et la directive PEM, ainsi que les stratégies et conventions relatives aux différents bassins maritimes offrent déjà la possibilité d’améliorer la coopération régionale afin de répondre à la nécessité de mieux aligner la planification régionale. Le cadre de coopération régionale mis en place en vertu du règlement RTE-E pour identifier les projets d’intérêt commun constitue également un bon modèle duquel s’inspirer.
À court terme, il semblerait nécessaire de mettre en place une coopération plus structurée entre les États membres, les GRT et les régulateurs en vue de présenter une planification mieux intégrée et optimisée des réseaux régionaux en mer, en tenant compte des plans issus de la planification de l’espace maritime. À un stade ultérieur, la planification du réseau en mer pourrait en fin de compte impliquer un renforcement du rôle des centres de coordination régionaux
56
, qui entreront en service en 2022, afin de compléter le rôle des GRT nationaux dans l’exécution des tâches d’intérêt régional. À long terme, la coopération structurelle pourrait encore s’intensifier grâce à la mise en place de gestionnaires de réseau indépendants pour les réseaux en mer régionaux, chargés d’exploiter et de développer des réseaux en mer de plus en plus maillés.
Afin que les États membres s’engagent conjointement à déployer les énergies renouvelables en mer et à développer les infrastructures connexes, il est nécessaire de clarifier davantage la répartition des coûts et des avantages, tant entre les États membres concernés qu’entre les actifs de production et les projets de transport. Il est dès lors nécessaire de mettre au point une méthodologie solide de répartition des coûts en fonction du lieu bénéficiant des avantages. Faciliter le partage des coûts entre les États membres, les GRT et les promoteurs de parcs éoliens en mer permettrait de satisfaire à la condition préalable nécessaire à la réalisation de la vision intégrée au niveau des bassins maritimes.
Afin de se préparer à des volumes de production énergétique en mer plus élevés dans le futur et à des solutions de réseau plus innovantes et tournées vers l’avenir, notamment des infrastructures pour l’hydrogène, le cadre réglementaire devrait permettre des investissements anticipatifs, par exemple pour développer des réseaux en mer d’une capacité supérieure aux besoins initiaux, ou des réseaux dotés de caractéristiques technologiques allant au-delà des besoins à court terme.
Actions clés
·La Commission élaborera un cadre permettant aux États membres de formuler un engagement commun à long terme pour le déploiement des énergies renouvelables en mer, par bassin maritime, jusqu’en 2050 (2021).
·La Commission proposera, dans le cadre du règlement RTE-E révisé, un cadre pour la planification à long terme des réseaux en mer par les GRT, associant les régulateurs et les États membres dans chaque bassin maritime, y compris pour les projets hybrides (décembre 2020).
·Dans le cadre de leurs compétences respectives, la Commission, les États membres et les régulateurs élaboreront un cadre permettant aux GRT de réaliser des investissements anticipatifs dans les réseaux en mer afin de se préparer à l’expansion et au développement à venir (à partir de 2021).
·La Commission publiera des orientations de l’UE sur la manière de coordonner le partage des coûts et des avantages par-delà les frontières pour les projets de transport d’énergie avec le développement de projets de production d’énergie (d’ici à 2023).
4.3Un cadre réglementaire européen plus clair pour les énergies renouvelables en mer
Lors la transition vers un meilleur maillage du système énergétique en mer, les réseaux deviendront mieux intégrés au fil du temps et les projets seront plus complexes. En cette période d’innovation et de changement, un cadre juridique prévisible à long terme est essentiel pour apporter une sécurité à toutes les instances concernées et pour mobiliser le financement des investisseurs.
Un marché de l’énergie bien réglementé devrait fournir les bons signaux d’investissement. Le règlement sur l’électricité prévoit des règles relatives à l’intégration des grands projets d’énergies renouvelables dans le système énergétique et le marché de l’électricité. Pour les projets nationaux d’énergies renouvelables en mer, les règles du marché reflètent dans une large mesure l’organisation du marché terrestre observée sur le marché intégré de l’électricité.
Toutefois, même si les projets nationaux continueront de représenter une grande partie des projets en mer, les projets transfrontaliers d’énergies renouvelables en mer, plus complexes, devraient ultérieurement gagner une importance croissante dans la plupart des bassins maritimes d’Europe. Les projets innovants, tels que les îlots énergétiques ou les projets hybrides
57
et la production d’hydrogène en mer, se heurtent à des problèmes spécifiques et n’ont pas été envisagés lors de l’élaboration du cadre réglementaire actuel. Il est donc nécessaire de clarifier les règles du marché de l’électricité, qui sont précisées dans le document de travail des services de la Commission accompagnant la présente stratégie.
Il est possible aujourd’hui de concevoir des projets hybrides d’une manière compatible avec la législation actuelle de l’UE et avantageuse pour la société. Sur la base de consultations et d’études
58
,
59
, la création d’une zone de dépôt des offres en mer pour un projet hybride peut se faire d’une manière compatible avec les règles du marché de l’électricité et constituer une option bien adaptée à une expansion importante des énergies renouvelables en mer, car elle permet une intégration totale des énergies renouvelables au marché du fait que cette intégration va de pair avec l’utilisation des interconnexions transfrontalières pour les échanges. Cette approche garantit que l’électricité renouvelable peut être acheminée là où elle est nécessaire, devenant partie intégrante des programmes en matière d’électricité et soutenant la sécurité d’approvisionnement régionale. Elle réduit également la nécessité d’une action corrective coûteuse de la part des GRT. De plus, elle fournit des signaux de prix forts pour encourager le développement de la demande en mer, comme l’hydrogène vert produit par électrolyse.
Dans cette configuration toutefois, les producteurs d’énergies renouvelables en mer risquent de recevoir un prix du marché de l’électricité qui est inférieur sur les marchés auxquels ils sont raccordés pour assurer l’appel. En fonction de la topologie des projets, cet effet sur les recettes devrait être limité à environ 1 %
60
pour plus de la moitié des futurs projets hybrides, mais il peut atteindre 11 % pour certains d’entre eux. Pour les projets générant des recettes nettement plus faibles sur le marché de l’électricité, ce pourcentage augmente en effet lorsqu’en raison de la congestion du réseau, les GRT perçoivent des recettes tirées de la congestion proportionnellement plus élevées. Il convient de résoudre cet effet de redistribution afin d’harmoniser les incitations et de permettre aux projets hybrides de gagner en importance en autorisant la prise en compte de la valeur totale du projet.
Un moyen d’harmoniser les incitations pourrait consister à permettre aux États membres d’utiliser les recettes tirées de la congestion pour les réattribuer aux producteurs actifs dans une zone de dépôt des offres en mer, afin de garantir que les projets hybrides sont attrayants pour les investisseurs dans les énergies renouvelables. En attendant que la législation de l’UE permette cette possibilité, tout régime d’incitation ou de soutien devrait tenir compte de l’effet de redistribution, en évitant les retards dans le déploiement des projets hybrides.
Se fondant sur l’application des orientations relatives au marché fournies dans le document de travail des services de la Commission qui accompagne la présente communication, la Commission évaluera comment le cadre actuel du marché de l’électricité soutient le développement des énergies renouvelables en mer et examinera la nécessité éventuelle de règles plus spécifiques et plus ciblées, ainsi que leur forme le cas échéant.
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La morale en action; ou, Choix de faits mémorables et anecdotes instructives ...
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HONNEUR RENDU AD MÉRITE. M. de Torenne a eu le bonheur de vivre sous un roi, de louant voulu sorf I trouvait sur toute sa route un concours de gens de toutes sortes d'âges et de conditions , qui venaient au-devant de lui : en en a vu venir de dix lieues pour le voir. Dans les assem blées, ceux qui avaient l'honneur de le connaître, le mon traient des yeux, du geste et de la voix à ceux qui ne le connaissaient pas. Sa seule présence, sans train et sans suite , faisait sur les âmes cette impression presque divine , qui attire tant de respect, et qui est le finit le plus donx et le plus innocent de la vie héroïque. La plupart des prin ces étrangers faisaient venir son portrait. Est-il rien de plus flatteur et de jplus capable d'exciter le zèle et la vertu des jeunes guerriers? EXEMPLES ADMIRABLES DE FERMETÉ. Lasincérité chrétienne ne doit s'exprimer, suivant le cra seil de J.-C., que par ces mots : Oui ou non; die n'a jamais recours an serment, et ne prend pas Dieu à témoin de ce S'eBe assure. Saint Gilbert de Sempringhanst, abbé etfbft teur d'un grand nombre de nuosoas religieuses, nous en a donné un exempte; car ayant été soupçonné, parle roi d'Angleterre, d'avoir assisté saint Thomas de Cantorbéry, et de lui avoir envoyé de l'argent pendant sa disgrâce, , Quoiqu'il ne l'eût pas fait , il ne voulut jamais en donner d'autre témoignage que sa parole. Ce priace en voulait lasrarancepar serment ; mais le saint abbé s Y refusa cons tamment. En jurant qu'il n'avait point assisté l'archevêque deCantorbéry, il n'aurait juré que la. vérité; mais .cet homme de Dieu enrt qu'il était indigne de fie défendre d'une bonne action , de même qu'on aurait pu se disculper d r ua crime. «Si j'assurai» par serment, disat-â, ne l'avoir poiaf awteté r il se m bl er a it que je croîs qu'il y aurait du mal* l'avoir fait. » EN ACTION. 149 Cette grande candeur est bien conforme à la sainteté de rEvangile. Nous l'admirons sans peine enla voyant de loin; mais si nous avions été dans le temps de ce saint abbé , et du nombre de ses religieux , l'intérêt de conserver nos baisons, que le roi menaçait ae renverser, ne nous aurait il pas portés à blâmer Gilbert sur son refus? Que de raisons nous aurions alléguées pour lui faire voir qu'il s'exposait à la persécution sans sujet ! Mous l'aurions rendu respon sable de tout le bien qui aurait pu se faire dans ces maisons religieuses, et qui ne se serait plus fait par sa faute ; il aurait été Dien subtil s'il avait pu répondre à tous nos argumens. Combien de tels exemples sont propres à élever 1 homme à cette candeur religieuse qui ne permet aucun soupçon! — On ne doit pas regarder comme un excès, de s'exposer S perdre tout , plutôt que de faire la moindre bassesse con tre le devoir ; les païens eux-mêmes ont donné sur ce point des exemples admirables. Papinien, un des plus grands jurisconsultes, et le crémier juge de l'empire, aima mieux perdit la vie que de dire une seule parole pour excuser une méchante action dç l'empereur Caracalla, qui avait fait mourir son frère , ce qu'il prétendait être pour le bien de Fempire. Qu'il est glorieux de sjexposer à tout perdre plu tôt que de se prêter à la moindre injustice ! — Quand on est simple dans sa foi et dans l'amour que Ton porte à Dieu, il n'y a rien à craindre, lors même qu'on serait trompé en croyant que Dieu demanderait de nous quelque chose de plus que ce qu'il nous a donné. Saint Tho mas ae Cantorbéry ne laisse pas d'être un martyr , quoi que plusieurs pensent qu'il ne s'appuyait pas sur un trop bon fondement dans le grand démêlé qu'il eut avec le roi d'Angleterre , et qu'il pouvait en sûreté de conscience cé der beaucoup de choses qu'il ne céda pas. Ce n'est pas tant dans le raisonnement que Dieu demande que nous 6oyons «xacts , c'est dans la foi et dans son amour ; il ne regarde que le zèle et que le cœur , qui lui plaît toujours quand U est humble. — Une fidélité inviolable à l'égard de nos lois., un amour de la justice à l'épreuve de tout , une intrépidité héroïque éms les plus grands dangers , ont caractérisé dans tous les temps nos magistrats. Achille de Harlay , premier prési dent . menacé par des séditieux d'un prochain et capitajr éuppiice : « Je oi'ai , dit-il, ni tête, ni vie , que je préfère i 150 LA MORALE l'amour que je dois à Dieu , au service que je dois au roi % et au bien que je dois à ma patrie. » Dans la journée des Barricades, il ne répondit aux in jures et aux menaces des principaux auteurs de la Ligue, que ces paroles si dignes de louanges : « Mon ame est à Dieu , mon cœur au roi , et mon corps entre les mains de la violence pour en faire ce qu'elle voudra. » Quand Bussy le Clerc eut l'audace d'entrer dans lagrancTchambre pour faire la liste de ceux qu'il disait avoir ordre d'arrêter, ti qu'il eut nommé le premier président et dix ou douze autres, tout le reste de la compagnie se leva et les suivit généreusement à la Bastille. — Le premier président Mole, dans une émeute populaire, «ans rien crainare pour sa vie , alla se montrer à la popu lace mutinée, et l'arrêta par sa seule présence. — Ce n'est pas tenir à la vertu par de véritables liens,Vrae de ne pas la servir aux dépens ae ses propres intérêts. Le roi Henri II ayant offert une place d'avocat-général au cé lèbre Henri de Mesme , ce magistrat prit la liberté de re présenter à Sa Majesté que cette place n'était pas vacante : « Elle l'est x répliqua le roi , parce que je suis mécontent de celui qui la remplit. — Pardonnez-moi , sire , répondit Henri de Mesme, après avoir fait modestement l'apologie de l'accusé, j'aimerais mieux gratter laterreavecmesongles «que d'entrer dans cette charge par une telle porte. »Le roi eut égard A sa remontrance. A peine Henri de Mesme put souffrir qu'on songeât à lui faire des remerciemens pour une action pareille. Est-il possible de résister à l'impression qu'elle fait sur le cœur ? — Comme on exigeait de François I er , que les ennemis avaient fait prisonnier à la bataille de Pavie , certaines con ditions honteuses pour le mettre en liberté, il chargea 1 a gent de l'empereur de mander à son maître la résolution où il était de passer plutôt toute sa vie en prison , que de lien démembrer de ses Etats. g —Qu'il est beau de faire taire l'ambition, quand elle veut franchir les bornes de l'honnêteté et de l'équité ! Un président à mortier songeait à se démettre de sa charge , dans l'espérance de la faire accorder à son fils* Louis XIV qui avait promis à M. Le Pelletier , alors con trôleur-général , de lui donner la première qui vaquerait , lui offrit celle-ci. M. Le Pelletier , après avoir fait ses très humbles remerciemens , ajouta que le président qui se EN ACTION. 151 démettait avait un fils, et que Sa Majesté avait toujours été contente de la famille : «On n'a pas coutume de me parler ainsi , reprit le roi , surpris d'une telle conduite et d'une telle générosité ; ce sera donc pour la première occasion. » Un si noble désintéressement fut récompensé deux ans après. C'est véritablement connaître le prix de la justice, que de lui sacrifier sa propre utilité , quand Tune et l'autre ne peuvent pas sympathiser ensemble. Là VRAIE GLOIRE , INSÉPARABLE DE LA JUSTICE. Toute guerre entreprise uniquement par ambition est injuste , et rend le prince qui l'entreprend responsable de tout le sang qui est répandu. Gomme on reprochait au roi Henri IV le peu de pouvoir qu'il avait à La Rochelle : a Je fais , repartit-il, dans cette ville tout ce que je veux, en tfy faisant que ce que j'y dois faire. » — Jean 1 er , roi de France , sollicité de violer un traité : « Si la bonne roi et la vérité, dit-il , étaient bannies de tout le reste de la terre, elles devraient se retrouver dans le cœur et dans la bouche des rois. » La véritable grandeur et la so lide gloire d'un roi ne consistent pas dans l'étendue de son pouvoir , mais dans le bon ou mauvais usage qu'il en Çait. — Le chevalier Bayard avait été blessé mortellement en combattant pour son roi , et était couché au pied d'ud arbre. Le connétable duc de Bourbon , rebelle à sa patrie, et qui poursuivait l'armée des Français , venant à passer près de lui , le reconnut , et lui dit qu'il avait grand pitié de le voir en cet état. Bayard lui répondit : « Monseigneur , il n'y a point de pitié à avoir pour moi, car je meurs homme de bien : mais j ai pitié de vous, qui servez contre votre prince , votre patrie et votre serment. » Peu après, Bayard expira. La gloire est -elle ici du côté du vainqueur, et le sort du vaincu mourant ne lui est-il pas infiniment pré férable? — On a toujours admiré dans le cardinal d'Amboise , archevêque de Rouen et ministre d'état sous Louis XII, une grandeur d'ame , une indifférence pour ses intérêts , et un devoûment parfait à la justice; qualités d'autant plus estimables, qu'elles sont plus rares dans les personnes éle vées en dignité et qui ont le pouvoir en main. — Un gentilhomme de Normandie avait une terre voi sine de la belle maison de Gaillon , qui dès-lors apparte nait à l'archevêque de Rouen , et que le cardinal convoitait 142 LAMQRAiE fort, » qu'elle était k sa hi ep sfow t . Cornu* ft*fif $ejttaft un établissement pour sa fille, legetfilkQWBe, noyant point d'argent . offrit au cardinal sa terre k vil prij. $y Amboise, bien loin de sacrifier les devoirs de la Justine à l'extrême envie qu'il avait de cette terre 9 la lui laissa 9 et lui donna gratuitement Fanent dont il avait besoin. ftâ TCHGSAB0K «NOIE DE L*HOWME, ET S URTO UT B*€W PfUWOB. ûe n'est pas seulement 4m fee prfeoe*qeetepardeti des jqure a de la noblesse et de la gnmdeur, mais dam les personnes d'un rang médiocre , de qui rien pe peut eici fcpr l'admiration que la vertu même. L'empereur Constantin, pressé de tirer vengeance de nuelques personnes qui avaient défiguré sa statue à coups de pierres, ne fit que se passer la main sur le visage, en disant qu'il ne se sentait point blessé. — Louis Xll, roi de France, répondit J un courtisan <jui l'exhortait à punir quelqu'un dont il était mécontent avant que de monter sur le trône : « Ce n'est point au rat 4e France à venger les injures du duc d'Orléans, ^ rr-Un soldat maltraité par un officier-général, pour quelques paroles peu respectueuses m lui étaient échap pées, répondit avec un grand sang-froid, qu'il murait oim l'en faire repentir. Quime jours «près, ce même officier-général chargea le colonel de tranchée de lui trou ver dans son régiment un homme ferme et intrépide r pour un coup de main, avec promesse de cent pistoles <Je récompense. Le soldat en question, qui passait pour je plus brave du régiment, se présenta avec trente de se» camarades. La commission était des plus hasardeuses, il $'en acquitta avec un courage et un bonheur incroyables. Il s'agissait de s'assurer, avant que de faire le loge* ment, si les ennemis faisaient des mines sous leç glacis. Le soldat, s'étant jeté, à rentrée de la nuit, dans le che min couvert, rapporta le chapeau et jjqutil d'un mweur qu'il avajt tué. A son retour, rofficierrgénéral, après IV oir beaucoup loué, lui fit compter les cent pistoles; 1* rofficier-gÊnéral qui $ait pas, je suis ce soldat que vous maltraitâtes si fort il y a quinze jours, et je vous avais bien dit que je vons en en action. 163 fierais r^entir^L'officier^énéral, plein d'admiration et attendri jusqu'aux larmes, l'embrassa, lui fit des excu* ces, et le nomma officier le même jour, — On ne lit point, sans en être touché et édifié, un trait de bonté du roi Robert. Quelques complices d'une grande conjuration formée contre ce monarque et ses Etats, ayant été arrêtés, 36 avouèrent leur crime, et donnèrent toute* les marques d'un sincère repentir. Cependant la cour de$ seigneurs les condamna à la mort, sans vouloir révoquer leur sentence. Robert seul fut touché de compassion, et força son conseil à souscrire au pardon par ce pieux stra) tagême; il envoya son confesseur à ces coupables mal» heureux, et les fit admettre le lendemain à la commu nion; puis, adressant la parole à ses conseillers, il leur dit : «Vous conviendrait-il d'envoyer au gibet ceux quç Jésus-Christ vient de recevoir â sa Table? » VOIES DE DOUCEUR ET I>' HUMANITÉ, LA GLOIRE DES CONQUÉRAIS. . Les voies de douceur et d'humanité font la plus solide gloire des couquérans, le succès le plus sûr oe leurs ar mes, et la manière la plus belle de vaincre leurs ennemis. Jamais général ne s'est comporté avec plus de modéra* tion dans ses victoires, et n'a fait la guerre avec plus dç ménagement que le grand Turenne; il épargnait tou» joprs le pays ennemi tant qu'il pouvait, conservant les fruits de la terre pour les gens oe la campagne, dont il plaignait la triste destinée. Aussi les ennemis avaient-Os conçu pour lui une vénération pleine de tendresse; Us te {délirèrent à sa mort autant que les Français mêmes, et es Allemands n'ont jamais voulu labourer l'endroit où tt avait été tué, comme si l'impression de son corps avaît rendu cet endroit sacré; il est encore en friche, et les paysans le montrent à tout le monde, aussi bien qu'un arbre fort vieux qui est là auprès, et qu'Hs n'ont point voulu couper. OBSERVATION DCS TRAITÉS, VRAIS IÎKTÉRÈT8 DE jAfcf AT, C'est un moyen bien méprisable que celui de mettre ça usage le mensonge , la perfidie , le paijure , pour ftflre réussir quelque entreprise. L'observation exacte des trai tés çagne la confiance des sujets, des ennemis mêmes , tt fait le bien des Etats. ^ ' 154 , LA MORALE La plupart des princes d'Allemagne traitèrent avec M. le vicomte de Turenne personnellement pour leurs intérêts, sans demander aucune garantie. Les républiques même les plus soupçonneuses se croyaient en assurance dès qu'il leur avait donné sa parole. Un jour qu'il était dans la Souabe, ayant fait approcher son armée près du lac de Constance , pour mettre à contribution quelques terres de la maison d'Autriche, les Suisses qui pouvaient craindre que , sous le prétexte de porter la guerre dans le pays de l'empereur, on n'entrât dans le leur à l'impro viste, lui envoyèrent des députés, pour lui dire qu'ils avaient tant de confiance dans sa bonne foi, qu'ils ne fe raient aucune levée de troupes s'il voulait les assurer qu'il ne viendrait pas chez eux; qu'ils prendraient les plus grandes précautions avec un autre, mais qu'avec lui ils se contentaient de sa parole. USAGE DES RICHESSES. Bien ne marque davantage de petitesse et de bassesse d'esprit, que d'aimer les richesses; rien, au contraire, n'est plus grand, ni plus généreux, que de les mépriser. La vertu consiste à faire un bon usage du bien qu'on pos , sède; l'emploi le plus conforme à sa destination, et le £lus propre à attirer aux riches l'estime et l'amour des ommes, c'est de le faire servir à l'utilité publique. M. de Turenne ayant pris le commandement des troupes en Allemagne, les trouva en si mauvais état, qu'a vendit sa vaisselle a'arçent pour habiller les soldats .et pour'remonter la cavalerie. Quoiqu'il n'eût que qua rante mille livres de rente de sa maison, il ne voulut ja mais accepter les sommes considérables que ses amis lui offraient. On trouva chez lui, à sa mort, quinze cents francs seulement d'argent comptant. SE CROIRE NÉ POUR FAIRE DU BIEN], MARQUE d'uH CARACTÈRE EXCELLENT. Cette noble vertu fut celle du grand Turenne ; jamais il ne renvoya un seul de ceux qui lui venaient demander, sans lui donner; quand il n'avait plus d'argent sur lui, il en empruntait au premier officier qu'il rencontrait sous «a main, et lui disait de l'aller redemander à son inten dant. Un jour cet intendant vint lui dire qu'il soupçon nait certains individus de venir redemander ce qu'ils n'a EN ACTION. 1S6 raient point prêté, et qu'ainsi il serait bon qu'il donnât à chacun une marque oe ce qu'il empruntait. « Non, lui dit-il , rendez tout ce qu'on vous dira ; car il n'est pas pos sible qu'un homme vous aille redemander une somme d'argent quTl ne me l'ait prêtée , ou qu'il ne $oit dans un extrîme besoin; s'il me l'ar prêtée, il faut bien la lui ren dre; s'il est dans un si grand besoin , il est juste de l'as sister. » M. de Turenne était ingénieux à trouver les moyens d'épargner, à ceux à qui il donnait, la honte de recevoir. Etant encore fort jeune , il apprit qu'un gentilhomme était devenu pauvre, pour avoir dépensé tout son bien à l'armée; il s'avisa de troquer des chevaux avec lui, de lui en donner d'excellens pour de très-médiocres, faisant semblant de ne s'y pas connaître. Un jour, ayant touché beaucoup d'argent d'une charge dont la cour lui avait permis de disposer, il assembla cinq ou six colonels dont les régimens étaient délabrés; leur laissant croire que cet argent venait du roi, il le 1er * dis tribua à proportion de leurs besoins. Quel modèle pour les personnes nobles ou élevées en charge ! — Quand Bresce fut prise d'assaut sur les Vénitiens, le chevalier Bayard sauva du pillage une maison où i! s'était retiré, pour se faire panser d une Messure mortelle qu'il avait reçue au siège, et mit en sûreté la dame du logis et se» deux jeunes filles qui y étaient cachées. A son départ, cette dame, ppur lui marquer sa reconnaissance, lui offrit une boîte où il y avait deux mille cinq cents ducats, qu'il refusa constamment! Voyant que son refus l'affligeait d'une ma nière sensible , et ne voulant pas laisser son hôtesse mécon tente de lui, il consentit à recevoir son présent; mais ayant fait venir les deux jeunes filles, pour leur dire adieu, il donna à chacune d'elles mille ducats pour aider à les ma rier, et laissa les cinq cents qui restaient pour les commu nautés qui auraient été pillées. Quelle grandeur d'ame d'une part! Quelle éclatante et vive reconnaissance de l'autre! — Un pauvre homme, qui était portier à Milan chez un maître de pension, trouva un sac où il y avait deux cents écus. Celui qui l'avait perdu , averti par une affiche publi que, vint à la pension, et ayant donné de bonnes preuves gue le sac lui appartenait, le sac lui fut rendu. Plein de joie et de reconnaissance, il offrit à son bienfaiteur vingt li$ IAM0RAI£ fois, que celui-ci refusa absolument ; il se réduisit âpoc â dix, puis à cinq; mais le trouvanttoujours inexorable :« Je n'ai rien perdu, dit-il d'un ton de colère, en jetant son mc par terre, je n ai rien perdu, si vous ne voulez rien rece voir, » Le portier reçut les cinq écus, qu'il distribua aussitôt aux pauvres. Combien la noblesse des sentunens relfcve-i elle U bassesse des états et des conditions les plus com munes! AUTOUR DE LA PATRIE. Golbert aimait tendrement sa patrie. Un jour, à la mai son de Sceaux, jetant un coufHFœil sur ces campagnes fleuries qui embellissent la France, on vit ses yeux se bai* gner de larmes. Interrogé sur leur motif par un deses amis : « Je voudrais, répondit-il, pouvoir rendre ce pays heureux, et, qu'éloigné de la cour, sans appui, sans crédit, l'herbe crût dans mes cours. » Qu'on aime à contempler les larmes d'un grand homme! S|u on aime â le voir se rapprocher de nous par la sensibi, té, tandis qu'il s'en éloigne par la hauteur de son génie! Le cardinal Mazarin savait fort bien ce que valait Col bert. Dans ce moment terrible où l'éternité, qui s'ouvre à nos yeux, étouffe nos passions, et nous presse de donner un dernier instant à la justice et à la vérité, Mazarin adressa ces paroles à Louis XIV : «Sire, je vous dois tout, mais je crois m 1 acquitter en vous donnant Golbert. » Té moignage honorable, et vérité touchante! Le plus beau don, le seul qu'on puisse faire à un grand monarque, c'est un homme capable de connaître les devoirs du souverain, et digne d'en partager le fardeau. L'EXEMPLE , 1EÇON EFFICACE. Le maréchal de Gatinat, pour en imposer à ses troupes, eut recours à la plus efficace de toutes les leçons, l'exem ple. On le vit, à la tête de ses officiers, aller demander à révêque de Casai la permission d'être dispensé des absti nences légales, dont l'observation est si difficile pour dôs hommes qui n'ont' pas le choix des alimens. Cet acte de soumission, qui en était un de sagesse, ainsi que toute sa conduite en Italie, y fut généralement admiré. « Voilà un Français d'une rare prudence,» dit le pontife de Rome, c'est-à-dire, un des meilleurs juges de cette vertu la plus familière et la plus nécessaire à cette cour. EN ACTION. 1W On offrait au maréchal de Catiçat de mettre entre ses mains les preuves des intrigues secrètes qu'on avait tra înées contre fui; il rejeta tes offres et tes déclarations. Àr mtf à Versailles, il eut avec le roi un de ces entretiens se* cm» dont lés courtisan* comptent avec impatience (es in** tans. L'accueil que lai fit Louis XIV, en se séparait de lui, n'était paè propre à les rassurer. On sut bientôt qu'il ne s'était plaint de personne, quoique le roi l'eût pressé de s'expKcpier. «Ceux qui ont cherché à me nuire, avait-il dit, peuvent être trè*-atik» à Votre Majesté; j'étais pour eux un objet d'envie: quand je n'y serai plus, ils serviront mieux.» On a souvent dtéime réponse que M, de Catinat, dans le tempede sa plus grande foreur, fit à Louis XIV. Cemo narque, après l'avoir entretenu sur les opérations de 1* guerre, lui dit, avec cette grtœ qu'il savait Mettre dans tous ses discours, et qui était un de ses dons partieufiess j «C'est assez parler de me» afiUres; en quel état sont les vôtres? — Sire, répondit Catitat, grâces aux bontés de Votre Majesté, j'ai tout oe qu'il me tout — Voilà, dk le mi, le seul homme de tout «m royaume qui me tienne ce langage.» En effet, madame de Maintenoo avouait qu'il était le set) qui tt'eàt rien demandé. «Je ne veux pas, di* sait-it, en se servant d'une expression heureuse et énergi que, ressembler à ces serviteurs q «ri salissent leur attache* ment pourtours maîtres, en dennmdart qu'on augmente teursjjages. — «en de plus admirable dans la vie de Michel de L'H6~ fttol, chancelier de France, que son attention extrême à faire rendre à chacun ce qui lui était dû; il soutenait les af* %és contre ceux qui le» voulaient opprimer, tes pauvres contre les riches, les faibles centre tes torts. Les mœurs* tamœursf voilà quel était le eri de L'Hôpital à tous les or dres de citoyen*; il les exigeait surtout des magistrat*. «A quel fifre, leerdisafcjl, pouvez-vous prétendre à l'es time ptMique, à ce n'est par vos mous»? Votre vie est Gttnfte et tranquille, vas jours mmt smpérOs, voa bon* neurone aàfit jamais ensanglantés; uni* vus pussions* votl* lVifcjet de vos cwnbac* : la privation du taxe et des plaisir^ led ^ in tC i ewiiMin t, lu pauvreté, voilà vos sacrifices et vm trophées. Le guerrier n'a de risque et de gteire qaefi A et quelquefois dans sa vie ; vos ennemis, à vous, sont tous les jours à votre porte , et vous les avez dans vos cœurs, a 158 LA MORALE FORCE GUERRIÈRE. L'antiquité païenne nous a donné des exemples de force guerrière bien digne» de nos éloges et de notre ad miration ; mais serons-nous insensibles à ceux de nos con citoyens? On a vu un roi de France, aussi célèbre par sa piété que par sa valeur ( saint Louis ), soutenir tout seul dans Tailîebourg, sur un pont, l'attaque d'une armée en tière : une pleine victoire , fruit d'une action si héroïque, força le roi d'Angleterre à repasser une seconde fois la mer en fugitif. — M. de Tu renne, ce capitaine accompli, défendit pen dant trois heures entières la barricade du pont4evis de Gergeau , petite ville entre Orléans et Gien , sur le pont de laquelle les ennemis auraient pu passer la Loire, et sur prendre la cour à Gien, où Louis XIV était avec le cardinal Mazarin. — On a vu à Senef , dans la plus grande horreur du combat , M. de ViUars soutenir lui seul l'effort d'un batail lon ennemi, blessé et obstiné à perdre tout son sang plu tôt que son poste. Ces trois hommes ne sont-ils pas compa rables à cet Horace dont l'Italie et la Grèce avaient re gardé le courage comme l'étonnement de l'univers? — Quel courage, quelle grandeur d'ame dans le jeune Brienne! Ayant le bras fracassé au combat d'Exilés, fl monte encore à l'escalade , en disant : « Il m'en reste un au tre pour mon roi et pour ma patrie. » Ne pouvant plus sai sir de ses mains blessées les palissades des retranchemens ennemis, il meurt en les arrachant avec ses dents. Ne vaut il pas bien un Cynégire ? — Le jeune Boufflers, à l'âçe de dix ans, eut une jambe cassée dans la journée de Dettingue ; il la fait couper sans se plaindre, et meurt de même : exemple d'une fermeté rare parmi les guerriers, et presque unique à son âge! — Le marquis de Beauveau, dans le siège d'Ypres, est percé d'un coup mortel : accablé de douleurs incroyables, et entouré de nos soldats qui se disputaient l'honneur de le porter, il leur disait d'une voix expirante : «Mes amis, al lez où vous êtes nécessaires; allez combattre, et laissez-moi mourir. » Ces guerriers n'égalent-ils pas Epaminondas, ti rant le fer de sa plaie mortelle ? EN ACTION. tfi» VALEUR DOMESTIQUE. H y a une valeur domestique privée , et qui n'est pas de moindre prix que la valeur militaire. Lorsque le duc d'Or léans et le duc de Bourgogne se disputaient la régence sous Charles VI, que quelques accès ae démence avaient mis hors d'état de gouverner, Philippe Villiers de l'Ile-Adam, gouverneur de Pontoise,se déclara partisan du dernier. Den tra secrètement , à la faveur de la nuit, dans la ville de Pa ris, avec huit cents chevaux, et y commit beaucoup de désordre. Tannegui du Ghàtel, qui en était prévôt, enten dant le bruit , courut prendre le dauphin Charles Vil dans son lit, l'enveloppa dans sa robe de chambre, le sauva à la Bastille et de là à Melun. MÉPRIS DES RICHESSES. II n'y a pas de vice plus infamant, surtout pour les per sonnes constituées en dignité et chargées de procurer le bien des autres, que l'avarice. M. le duc de Montmorency, pour inspirer au jeune duc d'Enghieu , son neveu , l'hor reur d'une passion si détestable , lui donna cette sage leçon. En allant dans son gouvernement, il passa par fiourêes, rendit visite â ce jeune seigneur , qui y faisait ses études T et lui donna une bourse de cent pistoles pour ses mentis plaisirs. A son retour, il le vit encore , et lui demanda quel usage il avait fait de cet argent. Le duc d'Enghien lui pré senta sa bourse toute pleine. Que de parens auraient loué la rare abstinence de leurs eiifans en pareil cas ! Mais le duc de Montmorency pensait bien plus noblement; il prit la bourse, jeta l'argent par la fenêtre, et dit à son neveu t «Apprenez, monsieur,. qu'un aussi grand prince que vous ne doit point garder d argent; puisque vous ne vouliez S oint l'employer à jouer, il fallait en faire des aumônes et es libéralités. L'avarice, qui est si hideuse dans les parti culiers , est encore plus horrible dans un prince. » Jamais prince ne fut moins attaché à l'argent que ce même duc. Jouant un jour, Use trouva sur le jeu envi ron trois mille pistoles. Un gentilhomme, qui était pré sent, dit tout bas à un de ses amis que cette somme ferait Sa fortune. Le duc feignit de ne point entendre; mai* l'ayant gagnée un moment après; fl se tourna vers lui : ù Je voudrais, dit-il , que votre fortune fût plus grande', » et il le pria de recevoir cette somme. m LA MORALE — Le mépris de Fardent te ta**? quelquefois* dans des âmes ordinairement intéressées , toujours avides du fAldjgp, dans tes soldats mêmes. M. le duc de Sfontmo-» ftney étant à MtfnfpelHer. pour éviter (f être suivi (Tune troupe de soldats qui se disposaient à raccompagner avec km acclamations ordinaires, s'avisa de leur jeter de» poignée* d'aigent; mais ces soldats, sans s'arrêter aie ramasser .comme fl se Fêtait promis , ne r abandonnèrent pointet reseortérfent jusqu'à ce qu'il fût rentré chez lui» -~G* saraft Men & toit quefon dirait que tes exemples de ètàatteeœmtm et de pauvreté que Fantiquité nous four» rit idfit twp surannés pour le siècle où nous vivons, et 40t «M meut» *t emportent plus une vertu st mâle et si robuste : on peut en citer plusieurs tirés de ITustoire moderne. Le fameux Turenne ne sut-il pas se garantir de la SHm de Fargent , dans un siècle où ce vice fut le ptu* mteant? Etant dans le comté de la Marck, en ÀJfe* magne, tm officier-général vint lui proposer de lui faire gagner cent mille écus en quinze jours, par le moyen de$ contributions, et cela de manière que la cour tfen aurait aucune connaissance. R lui répondit qu'il lui était biea obligé, mais qu'après avoir trouvé beaucoup de ces soute* tfoceastoïïs, sans en avoir jamais profité, il n'était pas tfafis de changer de conduite à son âge. Loraqull commandait en Allemagne , une ville neutre qui crat que l'armée du roi aHait de son côté, fit offrir £ et générai ce»t mille écus pour l'engager à prendre un* mvt* route, ee pour le dédommager oun jour ou deux, ^le marche qu'il en pourrait coûter de plus à l'armée, a Je m puto, en conscience, accepter cette somme, répondit M. de Tatfedflte .parce 1 qte je n'ai pas eu intention de pap ier v* «fte ville. » -~M*d* Turenne content de son patrimoine, qu'il employait au service de son prince et de sa patrie, ne dferrefta jamais â Fagrandir, surtout aux dépens d'autruû Le caitftkal Mazarin, maftte des grâces, voulant reconr ftatoefe* service qtrïl avait rendus à la couronne, et en •fee le ptteefpaf appui de son ministère , lut offrit le du» <bt d* ChÉiea^TWerry : tt est peu de cadets, de quel* «àe m*iM qm cetnk, qui n'eussent accepté l'offre avec wa*lMiMftl«j, comme ce duché était au nombre des terres que le conseil a**ft proposé de joindre ensemble EN ACT10». 161 Kfflr foire l'équivalent que l'on devait donner an duc de uillon, son Frère, en échange de Sedan, il remercia le cardinal; et, quoique celui-ci rassurât qu'on remplacerait ce duché par quelque autre terre , il le refusa toujours avec la même générosité. — Le maréchal de Boucicault ne laissa qu'un fila âgé de trois ou quatre ans, qui depuis fut marécnal de France et gouverneur de Gènes. Il ne s'était pas soucié de lui amasser de grands biens. Ses amis le blâmaient un jour de n'avoir pas profité de la faveur du roi Jean, son maître : a Je n'ai rien vendu, leur répondit-il, de l'héritage de. mes pères , je n'y ai rien non plus augmenté : si mon fils est homme de bien, il en aura assez ; mais sH ne vaut rien , il en aura trop , et fera grand dommage. » BéEtë le çon pour les jeunes officiers. — Le connétable Duguesclin, à qui ses belles actions ont mérité les faveurs de trois rois, Jean I er , Charles V et Charles YI, avait un souverain mépris pour l'amené; il ne le recevait de la libéralité du roi que pour le distri buer à ses soldats. Quoiqu'il se fût trouvé dans des occa sions propres à accumuler de grands biens, il en laissa moins à sa famille qu'il n'en avait reçu d'elle. — Le maréchal de Fabcrt était si peu attaché aux ri chesses, qu'il sacrifiait généreusement tout son bien an service du roi : dans beaucoup d'occasions, il faisait tra» vailter les soldats , et élever des fortifications k ses dépens. Lorsque son épouse ou ses plus intimes amis lui repvé» sentaient que , par ses dépenses, il ôtait à sa famille un tien qu'il était obligé de lui conserverai répondait : « Si, pour empêcher qu'une place que le roi m aurait confiée ne tombât au pouvoir des ennemis, il fallait mettre, à une brèche que je verrais faire, nui personne, ma Emilie et tout mon bien, je ne balancerais pqp aie faire. * — L'illustre Jean de la Yacquerie, premier président du parlement de Paris, mourut dans une ri grande pau vreté 7 que k roi Louis XI prit soin de sa femiDe et rétablit à ses dépens, lies siècles futur» accuseront-Us ces graads hommes , qui ont montré tant de mépris pour les richesses, d'avoir avili, ou la noblesse de leur naissance, ou la dignité de leur rançP'Ne sont-ce pas, au contraire, ces qualités mé mo* qui le» ont rehanssés davantage, et qui leur ont attiré 163 LA MORALE phw universellement restitue, l'amour et l'admirtfkMt de la postérité? LE SAGE CONTENT DE PEU. Nous avons eu de nos jours un prince (monseigneur le duc de Bourgogne), dont la France regrettera éternelle ment la perte , par beaucoup d'autres endroits, et en par ticulier à cause de l'éloignement extrême qu'il avait pour tout faste et pour toute dépense inutile. On lui proposait d'embellir un appartement par des cheminées plus ornées et plus à la mode : comme il n'y avait point de nécessité r il aima mieux conserver les anciennes. Un bureau de quinze cents livres , qu'on lui conseillait d'acheter , lui pa rut d'un trop çrand prix ; il en fit chercher un vieux dans le garde-meurne, et il s'en contenta : il en était ainsi de tout, et le motif de ses épargnes était de faire de plus grandes libéralités. Il n'avait encore que douze ans, lorsqu'apprenant la conversion du célèbre La Fontaine , et le renoncement au Kifit qui devait lui revenir d'une édition de ses Contes en lliuiae, il lui envoya une bourse de cinquante louis : le gentilhomme qui en fut le porteur assura de sa part que c'était tout l'argent qu'il avait pour le présent, mais qu'il ne s'en tiendrait point là. Quelle bénédiction pour un royaume, et quel présent du ciel qu'un prince de ce ca ractère! — Arnaud d'Ossat, si.célèbre par son adresse merveil leuse dans les négociations, quoiqu'il ne fût pas meublé â beaucoup près en cardinal, ne voulut pourtant pas accep ter l'argent, le carrosse et les chevaux, ni le lit de damas rouge que le cardinal de Joyeuse lui envoya présenter trois semaines après sa promotion : « Car, dit-il , encore que je n'aie point tout ce qu'il me faudrait pour soutenir cette dignité, si est-ce que pour cela je ne veux pas re noncer à l'abstinence et modestie que j'ai toujours gar dée. » Une telle disposition est bien plus rare et plus estimable qu'un magnifique équipage et un riche ameu blement. — Ce n'est point parmi les grands et les riches que se trouve la félicité, mais plutôt parmi les pauvres et les cens d'une fortune médiocre. L'exemple suivant, aussi curieux qu'instructif, en est une preuve. Le maréchal de Montmorency , voyageant dans le Lan* EN ACTION. 1C3 £uedoc, suivi de quelques gentilshommes, s'entretenait avec eux de ce qui peut faire le bonheur de la vie. Il aper çut dans le même instant quatre laboureurs assis au loin sur l'herbe, et qui dînaient à l'ombre d'un buisson, La curiosité le prit de les approcher; leur ayant fait plusieurs questions , u les pria de lui avouer sincèrement s ils s'esti maient heureux. Il y en eut trois qui répondirent qu'ils Té taient , parce qu'ils avaient une femme et des enfans tdt qu'ils le souhaitaient. Le duc demanda à l'autre s'il était aussi content que set compagnons. Le bon homme répondit que ce qui l'en em pêchait était de se trouver hors d'état d acquérir un héri tage que ses parens avaient autrefois possédé : «Si tu l'a vais, reprit le duc, te croirais-tu parfaitement heureux? — Autant, répondit-il, que je puisse l'être. » Alors M. de Mont* morency se tournant vers un de ses gentilshommes : a Je vous prie , que je puisse dire avoir rendu un homme heu reux une fois en ma vie. » 11 lui fit donner deux cents pisto» les, qui formaient la somme nécessaire pour acheter l'hé* rkage que le laboureur souhaitait. — Le chevalier Bayard fut l'homme du monde qui sut mieux se contenter de peu, et qui montra toujours une •souveraine indifférence pour les richesses. Ayant enlevé aux Espagnols une somme de quinze mille ducats, il pre nait plaisir à les remuer sur sa table , et il dit à ses soldats, en riant : « Camarades, ne sont-ce pas là de belles dragées, et ne vous donnent-elles pas quekju'envie d'en goûter?» lie capitaine Tardieu s'écria seul du milieu de la troupe : : « Que nous sert-il d'en vouloir tâter ? C'est un mets qui n'est pas pour nous. » Puis baissant un peu la voix : «Si j'avais, ajouta-t-il, la moitié de cet argent, je serais heureux et homme de bien toute ma vie. » Bayard le prit au mot, et, lui comptant la moitié de la somme, lui fit promettre de te nir sa parole. Le reste fut distribué aux officiers et aux soldats. SOUFFRIR AVEC PEINE TA LOUANGE, ET PARLER DE SOI AVEC MODESTIE. Personne n'a jamais remarqué qu'il soit échappé i M. de Turenne la moindre parole qu'on pût soupçonner de vanité. Remportait-il quelque avantage? à l'entendre, ce n'était pas qu'il fût habile , mais l'ennemi s'était trompé.
| 21,754 |
https://github.com/jhh67/chapel/blob/master/test/domains/compilerErrors/partialQueriedDomain.chpl
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
ECL-2.0, Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
chapel
|
jhh67
|
Chapel
|
Code
| 104 | 225 |
module M {
config const r: int = 8;
config const c: int = 9;
var nbr: int = r;
var nbc: int = c;
var ndr: int = r+1;
var ndc: int = c+1;
class gs {
var bd: [0..nbr-1, 0..nbc-1] uint(8);
var sf: [ 0 .. 3 * ndr * ndc - 1, 0 .. 1 ] uint(8);
proc init() {
bd = 0;
}
};
proc gs.c_l(
ref ar: [?D, 0 .. 1] uint(8)) { // <- source of the error
return ar[0];
}
proc gs.ic() {
c_l(sf);
}
proc main() {
var b = new owned gs();
b.ic();
}
}
| 33,829 |
https://github.com/vauvenal5/ProvNet/blob/master/eth/contracts/libs/LinkedList/LinkedListAdvancedExtensionLib.sol
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
ProvNet
|
vauvenal5
|
Solidity
|
Code
| 87 | 361 |
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
import "../../../node_modules/ethereum-libraries-linked-list/contracts/LinkedListLib.sol";
import "./LinkedListIteratorLib.sol";
import "./LinkedListExtensionLib.sol";
import "../Uint256Utils.sol";
library LinkedListAdvancedExtensionLib {
using LinkedListLib for LinkedListLib.LinkedList;
using LinkedListExtensionLib for LinkedListLib.LinkedList;
using LinkedListIteratorLib for LinkedListIteratorLib.Iterator;
using Uint256Utils for uint256;
function getKeysArray(LinkedListLib.LinkedList storage self)
public
view
returns(uint256[]) {
uint256[] memory res = new uint256[](self.sizeOf());
LinkedListIteratorLib.Iterator memory iterator = self.getIterator();
while(iterator.hasNext(self)) {
res[iterator.getCounter()] = iterator.next();
}
return res;
}
function getKeysAddressArray(LinkedListLib.LinkedList storage self)
public
view
returns(address[]) {
address[] memory res = new address[](self.sizeOf());
LinkedListIteratorLib.Iterator memory iterator = self.getIterator();
while(iterator.hasNext(self)) {
res[iterator.getCounter()] = iterator.next().toAddress();
}
return res;
}
}
| 49,533 |
journaldunbourg01lalagoog_13
|
French-PD-diverse
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,854 |
Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris sous le règne de François Premier (1515-1536)
|
Ludovic Lalanne
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,317 | 11,335 |
Au dict an (1 524) , le lundi septiesme avril après Pasques, le roy de France, de Bloys où il avait laissé la Royne et madame la Régente, vint à Paris en grande diligence. Le lendemain , après disner, en partist et alla coucher à Creil , de là alla coucher à Noyon , de Noyon à la Fère , qui est à monsieur de Vendosmei auquel lieu estoit le dict seigneur de Vendosme qui l'altendoit, puis se retira à Coussy , qui est une forte place, où il se tint en chassant et attendant son armée qu'il faisoit venir après luy, qu'on estimoit à douze mil hommes, sans les garnisons qui estoient demeurées là pour la garde des villes. Et ne sçavoit-on bonnement à quelle intention estoit allé le Roy si soudain en Picardie, sinon que ce fust pour surprendre quelcun de ses ennemis, comme le prince de Nance* ou le prince d'Aurenge ; et néantmoins le Roy ne fît rien d'efl^ct en ce voiage , et s'en retourna et arriva à Paris pour son retour, le mercredy quatriesme may eqsuivapt, après qu'il eut ordonné ses gens d'armes qu'il laissa au païs , et en eust la charge mon dict seigneur de Vendosme avec monsieur de Pont-de-Reoiy , de Roussy, le comte Dammartin et aultres. Puis le Roy se partit de Paris le vendredy ensuivant et s'en retourna à Bloys voir la Royne et madame la Régente, sa mère. i. Nassau. D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1524). i93 (1 524) 1 523 , en février , le Roy pourvoiant à ses finances avec son conseil, délibéra faire rendre comte à messire Jacques Beaulne, seigneur de Samblançay , natif de Tours et l'un des quatre généraux de France, de toute la charge et administration qu'il avoit eue, tout le temps passé, des finances du Roy. Et pour ce faire luy furent ordonnéez six personnes pour ouïr ses comptes, à sçavoir le viel homme du Tillet, le tréso rier Meigret, le président Guillard, Berthelot, SaUet et Baudonvillier. Et ordonna le Roy que doresnavant ses finances ne passeroient plus par nulz, fors que par les mains du trésorier Babou , et que rien ne se fairoit plus sans le conseil du Roy, et les trésoriers et géné raux des finances n'auroient plus les finances du Roy, et que tous receveurs et gens des finances comptables apporteroient tous les deniers es mains du dict Ba bou^; ce que fut faict, à cause des larrecins et pilleries qui se faisoient es finances du Roy ; et que le dict de Beaulne demandoit grans deniers au Roy, qu'il disoit luy estre deuz par le Roy, et qu'il avoit faict de grosses acquisitions, mesmement qu'il avoit acquis la ville de l'Eigle , en Normandie , qu'il achepta de monsieur de Penthièvres, l'im des barons de Bretaigne, lequel de Penthièvres, depuis cetle vendition , s'en atla rendre et prendre le party de TEmpereur contre le Roy *. Or est-il ainsy que le Roy et son conseil s'esmerveilloient des dictes grosses acquisitions et gros bastimens. Le dict de Beaulne avoit achepté la dicte ville de l'Eigle ini"M. escus d'or. Finablement, environ un an après, 1 . Cf. Isambert, t. XII, p. 230. 2, Voy. plus haut, p. 176. 496 JOURNAL fut, par sentence des dictz commissaires et auditeurs, dit que le Roy estoit redevable envers le dict de Beaulne en la somme de deux ou trois cens mil livres, mais n'estoit la dicte somme au dict de Beaulne , ains estoit à plusieurs marcbans de Paris , lesquelz il avoit associez avec luy par finesse et cautelle. De la dicte sentence le Roy s'en porta pour appellant à la cour de Parlement et le dict de Beaulne aussi , tanquam ad minima. Parquoy le dict compte pour lors n'eust point si tost fin et domiit la chose jusques au dimenche vin® de....* 1526 que le dict de Beaulne fut prins prisonnier à Paris de par le Roy et mené à la Bastille; et estoit pour lors le Roy allé vers Liance*, et ce mesme jour furent prins ses biens et mis en inventaire. En ce mesme temps fut aussi mis prisonnier mais tre Jean Prévost, homme de finances, et mené au Louvre en prison ; ce fut celuy qui accusa le dict de Beaulne, mais on disoit quec'esioit une feinte du dict emprisonnement d'iceluy prévost'. Au dict an 1 524, le mardy xxiin* jour de may, qui fut le mesme jour qu'on fist la procession généralle cy devant dicte*, fut quasi toute bruslée la ville de Troye, en Champaigne, par gens incogneuz et des guisez, qui vindrent en la ville; lesquelz firent mettre le feu par enfans de l'aage environ vu à vmi ans, de la 1 . La désignation du mois est restée en blanc dans le manu scrit. 2. Kotre-Dame de Liesse. 3. Ce paragraphe et les trois précédents se trouvent aux i^83 v» et 84 du manuscrit. 4. Voy. plus haut, p. 183. D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1524). i97 ville, auxquelz ilz donnoient argent pour ce faire, et avoient pouldre à canon , souffre, poix grasse et aul 1res mixtions qu ilz gettèrent par nuict es maisons de la ville, et dura le feu longuement et par deux jours, qu'on ne le pouvoit estaindre, et y fut mis et emploie moult devin pourVeslaindre, car Feaue ne le pouvoit estaindre, attendu que c'esloit feu gryez*. Et fut dict que quand on entendoit à estaindre le feu en un quar tier , les paillards le mettoient en un aultre quartier. Bref, ce fut grand pilié de la perte et dommaige qui y fut faicte, et y eust sept églises bruslées ; assçavoir la moitié de Téglise Sainct-Jehan et les cloches et orloge d'icelle ; l'église deSainct-Panlaléon, Téglise de Sainct Nicolas, réglise du SainctEsprit, THostel-Dieu de Sainct-Bernard et aultres églises; et les pierres, qui estoient grosses comme meulles de moulin, furent bruslées et mises en pièces. On estimoit qu'il y avoit plus de trois mille personnes et aultres qui estoient fort riches qui sont devenuz pauvres. Fut aussi bruslé le marché au bled, la rue de la Monnoye, la rue de Befroy et la grosse cloche fondue, la rue du Tabel lionnage, l'Estappe au vin, la Drapperie, la rue des Orfèvres, la grande rue Moienne où estoient tous les gros marchans et grosses bources de la ville, (en la dicte rue estoit l'hostellerie du Saubaige)^ la belle rue du Temple, la rue du Daulphin, jusques à la porte de Crocelz, où estoit Thostellerie des Trois Maures^ i. Feu grec ou grégeois. Jusqu'à la fin du xvt* siècle on dési gna sous ce nom une foule de compositions incendiaires n'ayant aucun rapport avec la composition employée par les Byzantins. — Voy. nos Recherches sur le feu grégeois et sur ^introduction de la poudre acanon en Europe y^* édition, Paris, Corréard, i845, in-4**. 198 JOOCIIL mesmement la dicte rue fut bruslëe , la rue aux Ton deursy la rue de la Cordière, là où demeuroîtie procu reur du Roy, et plusieurs aultres rues et nielles, ès quelles partout ne demeura une seuHe maison, que tout ne fut bruslé. Et estime-t-on plus yingt fois ce qui a esté bruslé que ce qui est demeuré. Car la plus grand'-part de la ville a esté mise à feu, et y a eu plus de XV à xvi^ maisons de valleur bruslées; et dict-on que ce déluge est advenu par boutefeux qui sont espanduz par le royaume de France , et mesmement par quatre ou six hommes qui estoient en la ville, que Ton n'a peu sçavoir ne cognoislre, car tous les jours ilz chan geoient d'habillemens ; estoient aucune fois vestuz en marchands, autre fois en advanturiers, puis en palsans ; aucune fois n'ont cheveulx en teste et parfois ilz en ont; bref on ne les peut cognoistre. 11 semble que ce soit pugnition de Dieu. Hz furent brusléz jusques à VI jeunes garçons et aultres penduz, qui n'avoient pas plus hault de douze à quatorze ans, qui ont confessé que ce sont gens incogneuz qui leur ont faict mettre le feu et qui avoîent délibéré de brusler le demeurant de la ville. Et n'eust esté la diligence qu'on faisoit nuict et jour, chacun devant les maisons, avec fallotz, lampes et chandelles pendues aux huys , avec gros guet à pied et à cheval de v à f hommes de la ville, toute la ville esloit perdue. On dit que les mixtions pour le brusîement ont esté faictes à Naples et que la besongne estoit entreprinse dès la my-caresme, et que la ville de Paris et aultres villes du royaume estoient menassées de brusler ; et Tun d'iceulx qui ont esté bruslez a confessé que la ville estoit vendue et la ville de Paris aussi, et qiie D»UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1S24). f99 c'estoit un qui se disoit monsieur de Bourbon , mais ce n'estoit-il point. L'on a gardé aulcuns des pères des garçons qui ont esté bruslez, affin de lousjours les questionner, mais à la fin ilz furent bruslez. Item^ le vendrfedy, v® jour de juing, au dict an, fut amené de la ville de Troyes à Paris, par Tauctorité de la cour de Parlement, Tun des boutefeUx de Troyes, duquel deux de ses enfans furent bruslez devant luy à Troyes , et luy prest à gecter dedans le feu , mais il requist de non estre bruslé à l'heure , et qu'il etisei gneroit plusieurs de ses compaignoris ; parquoy la dicte cour Tenvoia qnerir par un huyssier et sergent, et fut amené en la Conciergerie et gardé et en enseigna beaucoup qui furent prins. Item^ en juing, au dict an, il y eust vingt et deux hommes allemans, qui passèrent par la ville de Paris, lesquelz estans aux faulxbourgs de SaînctDenis, furent prins par soubson ; et leur imposoit-on qu'ilz estoient boutefeux et furent amenez prisonniers à la Concierge rie, après questionnez ; mais ilz furent trouvez non* coulpables et furent délivrez. Les prévost et eschevins de ceste ville assemblez en la dicte cour de Parlement et en THostel de la ville de Paris, pour pourvoir au danger, fut commandé de faire le guet de nuict parmy les rues , par les mar chans, bourgeoys et habitàns de la ville, ce qui fut continué défaire toutes les nuictz par l'espace de deux ans; et se assembloît-on en la maison du quartenier; et disoit-on que dix jours après furent en aucunes maisons trovez des huis et fenestres marquez de croix sainct André noires, faictes de nuict, par gens incongnuz 200 JOURNAL Fut aussi commandé estoupper les souppiraux des caves, ce qui fut faict par quelque espace de temps. Et fut crié à son de trompe par les carrefours de Paris , le samedy qualriesme juing et le mardy sep tiesme du dict moys, par la cour de Parlement , que chacun allasl au guet de nuict et qu'on mist des chan delles allumées dedans les lanternes devant les huis de nuict, depuis neuf heures, et de l'eau dedans leurs vaisseaux devant leurs huys par jour. Et (fut) enjoinct à tous les hosteliers de ne loger personne après neuf heures de nuict, s'ilz n'esloient congnuz, et sans congé de justice, et de prendre tous les vagabons et gens oysifs et les mcllre prisonniers. Et aussi fut crié à son de trompe que s'il y avoit aucuns délinquans et boute feux qui se rendissent à justice, là cour leur donnoit grâce et pardon , et avec ce leur donnoit à chacun la somme de xvi livres qu'ilz recepveroient par les mains de sire Jean Croquet, quartenier et eschevin pour lors de la dicte ville de Paris. • Et depuis, la dicte cour de Parlement envoya à Troyes des huissiers pour voir la pitié du feu et pour a{)porler les procez qui avoient esté faictz au dict Troyes, desdiclz délinquans et boutefeux affîn d'estre mieux informez du piteux cas , pour y pourvoir; et en furent prins plusieurs prisonniers dedans la ville de Paris et mis prisonniers comme gens vagabons | par soubson et par peur. Dont ceulx qui furent prins comme vagabons furent enchesnez deux à deux , et fut ordonné qu'ilz cureroient et netloyroient les fossez de la porte Saincl-Honoré, par ordonnance de la cour; et pour ce faire furent baillez aux prévost et eschevins de la ville. Et ce fut au moys de juing, audict an 1524. D UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1524). 20i A cause des dîclz boutefeux, il fut deffendu à Paris de ne faire les feux par les rues es veilles des festes de Sainct-Jean-Baptisle et de Sainct-PierreetSainct-Paul. Ilem^ il y en eust en la ville de Paris tout plain de bruslez et penduz qu on disoit estre boutefeux *. Au dictan 1524, commencement de juing, vindrent nouvelles à Paris qu'il y avoit au village de Sainct Georges ' plusieurs gens d'armes de chevalet de pied , qui se disoient estre de la bande du duc de Lorraine , qui faisoient beaucoup de maulx et de pilleries au dict lieu et à l'entour; et y eust trois ou quatre hommes du pais tuez et plusieurs pillez. Dont la cour de Parle ment y envoya les archers et arbalestiers de Paris , avec des huissiers de la cour pour informer et sçavoir que c'estoit; et avec eulx y estoit un maistre des re questes de Ihostel du Roy , pour les prendre et en faire justice; mais ilz ne furent trouvez, car ilz s'en estoient allez. Parquoy les dictz envoyez et députez s'en revindrent sans rien faire. Au dict an 1524, le samedy xi* jour de juing, un gentilhomme, nommé monsieur d'Escars ®, qui estoit prisonnier et que la cour avoit baillé en garde au pre mier huissier du Parlement, s'enfuit et se mit sur un bateau sur Seyne, par le jardin du Roy , qui est au Palais, luy faisant manière de se pourmener après dis ner; mais il fut rescous et pour le r'avoir furent blessez des genlilzlîommes qui estoient de sa bande , dont en y eust un tué sur Teaue; car lorsqu'on sçut qu'il estoit sur l'eaue, en un bateau , avec aultres gentilzhommes . Voy. Félibien, t. II, p. 9ol. 2. Villeneuve-Saint-Georges. 3. Voy. plus haut, p. 183, 187. 202 JOURNAL qui le cuidoient amener, on courut aprèâ et en criatat : a Caide au Roy et aux boute feux , dont il y eut tout à plain de peuple qui s'esmeut contre eulx , et lesquels furent navrez et remis prisonniers ; et fut le premier huissier mis prisonnier en la Conciergerie parce qu'il Tavoil en garde, de par la cour*, et à cau^e qu'il Tavoit mal gardé et luy aoit permis d'aller aux jardins du Roy, au palais ; et estoit le dict d'Escars qui estoit pri« sonnier dès long temps en la dicte Conciergerie, parce qu'on dit qu'il avoit voulu bailler aucunes villes de Picardie aux ennemis, c'est assçavoir à monsieur de Bourbon. Au dict an 1524 , le dimanche xxvi* jour de juîng, fut faicte une belle procession génëralle par les chanoi nes de la Saincte-Chappelle de Paris, où y estoient les quatre ordres mendientes^ et fut porté, entre aultres reliques, le chef de monsieur sainct Jean-Baptiste, qui est entre les reliques de la Saincte-Chappelle, laquelle (relique) n'avoit pas esté de long temps descendue du dict lieu; et alla ceste procession en l'église Saînct Jean, en Grève, là où monsieur de sainct Magloyre y chanta la grande messe ; et fut faicte par l'ordonnance du Roy qui manda à la dicte Saincte-Chapelle la Ëdre par dévotion, estant pour lors le Roy à Bloys. Et fault noter que auparavant estoient grande seicheresse et chaleur de temps, parce qu'il ne plouvoit point à Paris et es environs , plus d'un tnois devant. Mais depuis la dicte procession il ne cessa de plouvoir paf chacun jour, en grande abondance, par quoy les biénà de la terre en proufïilèrent beaucoup. 1. Voy. plus loin, p. 209^ la condamnation de Phnissier. D'UN BOURGEOK DE PARIS (1S24). 803 Au dict aîijlutidy vingtsepliesme juing, fut monsieur de Bourbon mis en défault en la cour de Parlement, après que, ce dict jour, il eust esté appelle par un huis sier et que personne ne comparut pour luy. Et fut ce faict affîn de procéder contre luy à la confiscation de tous ses biens par faulte de non apparoir, à cause qu'il estoit fuitif et hors du royaume ; et fut appelle en la dicte cour par quatre sepmaines. Au dict an, le mercredy vi® juillet, fut publié à son de trompe par les carrefours de Paris, que toutes per sonnes, de quelque estât qu'ilz soient, mariez ou non, qui ne sèroient du royaume, terres, pais et seigneuries du Roy, qu'ilz s'en voisent* eulx et leurs biens hors du royaume dedans huict jours, s'ilz n'ont lettres de na turalilé ; et les diclz huiçt jours passez, le Roy déclare eulx et leurs biens confisquez à luy. Ce cry et publica tion faictz par mandement du Roy, envoiez à la ville de Paris et à la cour de Parlement, luy estant à Bloys. A faire ce cry y avoit des archers de la ville de Paris avec leur cappitainéetun greffier du Chastelet, nommé Lormier. Au dict an , au mois de may , morust monsieur d'Orval * en la ville de Bloys , qui estoit allé voir le Roy en la dicte ville, et mourust de vieilesse aiant environ lxxvi ans. Il estoit gouverneur de Cham paigne, yssu de la maison d'Albret, très homme de bien et bon François, et qui avoit eu grande authorité des règnes des rois Charles VIII*, Loys XIP et Fran çois, à présent régnant. Son corps fut porté ihhumer i . S'en allassent. 2. Voy. son testament, Ms. Béthune, n® 9573. 204 . JOURNAL à grand honneur en son païs. Après sa mort , le Roy donna le gouvernement de Cliampaigne à monsieur de Guyse, frère puisné du duc de Lorraine. Au dict an, vingt et troisième may , fut publié à son de trompe, à f*aris, par ordonnance de la cour de Parlement, que doresnavant nulles personnes portent basions* en ceste dicte ville, quelz qu'ilz soient, dont on puisse faire meurtre; et que toutes gens vagabons , oisifz , vivaus sans adveu , qui n'ont nul moyen de vivre et qui sont sains de leurs membres, qu'ils vuident et sortent de la dicte ville. Item^ la cour ordonna aux. bosteliers et maistres des collèges et à tous manans et habitans de Paris aians gens et serviteurs, de les advertir de la dicte ordon nance, de non plus porter les dicts bastons. Item^ que tous essoreillez et bannis qui ne sontrapr peliez, que incontinent ilz vuident de la dicte ville et faulxbourgs dedans trois jours, sur peine d'eslre pen duz et estranglez. Item , commanda et enjoint lav(|jicte cour aux huis sieis d'icelle et aux sergens de Chastelet de prendre au corps tous ceulx qu'ilz trouveroient portans les diclz bastons et armes, exceptez les personnes privi légiées, et les mettre prisonniers au dict Chastelet; et seroient les dicts bastons et armes prins et mis en la main du Roy, confisquez et venduz au plus odrant, et Targenl qui en yssiroit seroit baillé, la moitié aux sergens qui les auroient prins et l'autre moitié au Roy. lieni^ défendit la dicte cour à tous sergens à verge, 1 . Armes. — Voy. Ms Du Puy, n° 83, à la date du 5 avril ISW, le texte de la permission accordée aux archers de porter certai nes armes. D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1524). 205 gens du guet et aultres ofjficiers, de ne communiquer, fréquenter , ne boire et manger en la compagnie des dictz déiinquans sur peine de privation de leurs offices. Item^ défendit à toutes personnes de non plus jouer publiquement aux jeux de dez, cartes, quilles et autres jeux défenduz, sur peine de pugnilion corporelle; et fut ceste ordonnance attachée aux coings des rues de la ville et faulxbourgs. Au dict an 1524 , le jeudy xxi® juillet, furent tirées et essayées vingt-huict pièces de grosse artillerie que la ville de Paris avoit fait faire à ses despens; et furent essayées oultre la porte Sainct-Antlioine, et ti rèrent chacune des dictes pièces par deux fois , les quelles furent trouvées bonnes et bien faicles. Au dict an et moys de juillet, arriva à Paris mon sieur le grand maistre de France, bastard de Savoy e, pour marier son filz à la fille de rpadame de Toute ville * qui estoit veufve et l'une des grandes dames de Normandie , laquelle tenoit bien , comme Ton dit , trente mil livres de rente par chacun an , et n'avoit enfant que ceste dicte fille ; mais néantmoins la dicte dame n'estoit du consentement de donner sa fille au filzdudict grand maistre; mais le Roy vouloit qu ainsy fut faict. Au dict an et moys, éstoit aussi venu à Paris, de par le Roy, le bailly, nommé de La Barre, pour demander, de par le Roy, de l'argent à la dicte ville, assçavoir la somme de vingt mil escus ; puis il vint à dix mil, dont fut faicte assemblée à l'Hoslel de ville par plu sieurs fois , où il fut dict par la plus saine partie des 1 . ïouleville ou Estouteville. S06 JOURNAL gens qu'on ne luy en devoit point bailler, attendu le maulvais tems et la grande nécessité de vivres, mes mement des bleds qui valloient pour lors à Pari$ cinq livres le seplier, mesure de Paris ; depuis il fut donné au Roy la somme de dix mil livres. Au dict an et moys de juillet, vindrent nouvelles à Paris que Tévesque du Puy, en Auvergne, s'en estoit allé rendre à monsieur de Bourbon , lequel avoit esté reprins et mené en prison par long temps devant, de par le Roy avec aultres *, à cause qu'il estoit du con seil de monsieur de Bourbon et néantmoins le Roy l'avoit délivré à la prière de monsieur de La Palisse, son fière, mareschal de France, à la caution et pleige ment du dict seigneur de La Palisse; de laquelle allée et fuite du dict évesque le Roy fut très mal content. Au dict an, en avril après Pasques, morust en Savoye madame de Nemours , laquelle en son vivant avoit espousé le seigneur magnifique Juliane, frère du pape Léon dixiesme, lequel estoit auparavant mort; et morust icelle dame veufve. Elle estoit seur de ma dame la régente de France, mère du Roy, et tante du Roy, et esloit yssue de la^ maison de Savoye. L'on dict que par son testament elle donna et délaissa tout; sop bien, tant meuble que immeuble, au duc de Savoye son frère, duquel don et legs le Roy fut très mal con tent, à cause que le dict duc de Savoye tenoit le party de l'empereur d'Alemaigne contre le Roy. A ceste cause, le roy de France fit saisir et mettre en ses maips toutes les terres qu'elle avoit acquise^ en France et tout son revenu. 1 . Voy. Tarrêt prononcé contre Jui. 14$. Du Puy, n* 38* *J lyiJN BOURGEOIS D£ PARIS (i5i4). 207 Au dict an 4524, jeudy vingt*huictiesme juillet, vindœnt nouvelles à Paris que la royne de France, madame Claude, estoit morte à Bloys, mardy devant, qui estoit le ingt-sixiesme du dict moys, dont fut fort grand dommage, et fut fort plainte du peuple; car elle estoit très noble et très bonne dame *. Le Roy n'y estoit pour lors, ne madame la Régente, ne madame Renée, ne monsieur le Daulphin ^ mais estoient tous allez à Romorantin passer le temps. De là s'en allèrent à Bourges où y fut mené monsieur le Daulphin pour commencer à luy faire voir le monde et aprendre à faire la cour ; et à Tentrée de Bourges vindrent au devant les bourgeois et habi tans d'icelle ville offrir au Roy et à Madame de faire entrée à mon dict seigneur le Daulphin, ce que ne voulut permettre Madame à cause qu'il esloit trop tard. Lors furent envoyées vingt-quatre torches de cire ardantes devant le Roy et mon dict seigneur le Daulphin. Le corps de la dicte feue bonne Royne fut embaulmé et mis eu un cercueil de plomb et mis en terre en régUse de Sainct-Callais qui est au château de Bloys , pour une espace de temps, pour après le porter inhu mer à Sainct-Denis en France ; et fut ce faict à cause de la guerre qui étoit menée par monsieur de Bour bon et l'empereur contre le Roy au païs de Provence, là où le Roy y alla en personne, qui fut cause que le dict enterrement fut retardé. L'an 1 526, le mardi, sixiesme de novembre, le corps i. Suivant Brantôme, elle mourut d'une maladie honteuse que son mari lui avait communiquée. Yoy. son testament dans le n^ 646 (fol. 99) des Mss. Du Puy. .s 208 JOURNAL de la dicte bonne dame Claude fut apporté humble ment en réglise de Saint-Denis en France depuis Bloys. Au dict an 1 524, samedy, surveille de la my-aoust, fut prononcé en la cour de Parlement aux arrestz, et fut dict d'aucuns gentilzhommes de monsieur de Bourbon, assçavoir monsieur de Ponperan, La Luze, Lurin, Lepelou et aultres qui s'en estoient allez avec le dict seigneur de Bourbon , tenant son party contre le Roy, qu'ilz estoient crirninelz de lèze-majeslé contre le Roy. A ceste cause, tous leurs biens estoient confisquez au Roy, et iceulx tant meublej qu'immeubles unis à la couronne de France, pour estre du propre domaine d'icelle, et leurs personnes à avoir les testes tranchées, quand on les pourra avoir et tenir, et aussi traînez sur clayes; d'aucuns desquelz furent les maisons de leur seigneurie abbalues et rasées. Au dict an , le samedi vingtiesme aoust , fut pendu et estranglé un nommé maistre Jacques Fleury, qui avoit eslé escolier à Paris, lequel estoit meurtrier, violleur de filles et femmes et larron ; et fut prins à d'Estrepigni*, près Gisors, en Normandie; et fut ce faict par sentence du prévost de Paris ou son lieute nant criminel, et confirmé par arrêt de la cour de Par lement j et fut condamné à estre pendu et estranglé à la place Maubert à Paris , à ,une potence ; puis après dépendu et son corps mis à quatre quartiers et mis aux quatre portes de l'Université de Paris et sa tête mise sur sa potence; ce qui fut faict le mesme jour. Au dict an 1524, en aoust, mourut de maladie, à i. Estrepagny ou Éti'cpa{>ny (Eure), ù douze kiloni. de Gisors. D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (i524). 209 Paris, dedans la Bastille, le chancelier de Bourbonnois qui estoit prisonnier de par le Roy dès Noël devant, à cause qu'il estoit des complices et alliez de monsieur de Bourbon , et se nommoit Popillon , seigneur de Parcy. Âudict an, au moys de septembre^ veille de Nostre Dame de septembre, fut condamné, de par la cour de Parlement, le premier huissier de la dicte cour envers le Roy, en la somme de quatre cens livres parisis d'a mende et à jamais eslre privé de non tenir prisonnier eu garde; et fut ce Taict à cause qu'il avoit mon sieur des Escars en sa maison prisonnier de par la cour de Parlement, et lequel cuyda eschaper et s'en alla par le Palais et par la rivière de Seyne où il fut rescous. Mais il fut mis un bâillon à la bouche de ce luy qui le gardoit de peur qu'il ne criast. Et si le dict d'Escars n'eût esté rescous , on dict que le Roy eust faict pendre et estrangler le dict premier huissier qui estoit commis à le garder de par la cour. Itenij et au mois d'aoust, le comte d'Anjou, escossois, qui estoit par deçà, et que le duc d'AIbanye avoit am mené d'Escosse, lequel comte avoit espousé la seur du roy Henry d'Angleterre , iceluy comte suivant la cour du roy de France et qui avoit du roy de France douze cens escus de pension par an , et se tenoit pour lors pour son plaisir à Boulongne , près de Paris , ice luy seigneur s'en alla secrettement en Angleterre sans le sçeu du roy de France et se relira vers le roy d'An gleterre , son frère , à cause de sa femme ; il estoit le plus gros seigneiu* d'Escosse et de la plus noble maison f . Voy. plus haut, p. 200. SiO JOURNAI* et lignée ; et estoit de U lignée ancienne de la comt^ de ceux de Gilatz. Au dict an 1 524 , en septembre , mourut madame Charlotte de France, fille du roy de France, et mourut tantost après le trespas de la Royne, sa mère, et mou rut de fièvres à Bloys , et pouvoit avoir envirpn six ans d'aage ^. W^ Au dict an, en novembre, mourut le bon président maistre Thibault Baillet % en sa maison à Paris , luy estant second président de la grande chambre, etmou« rut ayant d'aage environ quatre-vinglz ans et plus, et est inhumé en une sienne chappelle en l'église de Sainct-Merry, à Paris, sa parroisse. Au dict an, le dimenche onziesme de décembre, fut le grand pardon du Jubilé que le pape Clémeiît> ^p? tiesme de ce nom, donna et oclroîa tant en Italie qu'en France, et fut publié à Paris en un sermon qui fut faict ce jour aux Jacobins , en faisant une procession généralle qui fut le dimenche de devant, qui .estoit le quatriesme de décembre. Et lequel pardon contenoit que le mercredy, ven dredy et samedy d'après k publication , Ton devoit jeusner les dictz trois jours; et le dict dimenche d'aprè$, qui estoit le douziesme jour de décembre, comme dict est , on devoit recepvoir le Corpus Domini après avoir esté confessé et dit ses patenostres; et peult chacune personne eslire telz confesseurs qu'ilz veullent,.. Ce . Voyez dans le Ms« 8058 de Vancien Fonds français , à la Bi bliothèque impériale , un petit poëine de Marguerite de Navarre sur la mort de sa nièce Charlotte. 2. Voy. sur lui Fclibien, t. II, p. 897, 914 et 949. 3. Il y a évidemment après ces mots une lacune dans le ma^ D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1524). «il fut le plus beau pardon et plus dévotieu:^ qui fut ja mais octroyé *. De la guerre de Provence. Monsieur de Bourbon, en continuant son entre prinse contre le roy de France pour l'Empereur, mena une grosse armée au païs de Provence, après qu'il eust rendu paisible la duché de Milan à l'Empereur contre le Roy, ^ gaigna au dict pais de Provence aucunes places qu'il gasta et pilla , mesmement aulcunes qui apparlenbient au grand maistre de France à cause de sa femme , et par despit de luy gaigna aussy en Provence la cité d'Aix et la cité de Toulon '. L'an 1524, quatorziesme avril après Pasques, fut baillé et rendu par les gens d'armes du roy de France par composition, le cliàsteau de Milan, et ce par faulte de vivres et par la mortalité qui y estoit ; et fut rendu au duc de Bar , filz puisné du feu seigneur Lodovic % et frère du seigneur Maximilian qui estoit en France, et par ainsy fut Italie du tout perdue pour le roy de France. Au moys de may ensuivant, vindrent nouvelles qu'il y avoit eu une rencontre entre noz geixs qui estoient devant Milan et l'armée de l'Empereur, et que, à la nuscrit. On y lit en effet cette phrase qui est tronquée : ...Qui peuvent être réservées au saint siège apostoliquement écrites à sçavoir, religieux saint Jacques et Jérusalem. i. Ici (fol. 86 du Ms.) se trouve répété le passage donné plus loin, de la publication du traité de paix avec Clément VII. 2. Voy. , sur cette expédition, Martin du Bellay, 1. II; Ferron, 1. VII; Beaucaire, l. XVIII. — Voy. le texte d'un sauf-conduit où Bourbon prend le titre de comte de Provence, dans le n" 658 des Ms. Du Puy, f» 82. 3. Ludovic Sforce. 21 â JOURNAL dicte rencontre, y eust grand meurtre de costé et d'aul* tre; et y eust de noz gens beaucoup de deflaictz, el par espécial le cappitaine Bayard* y fut tué, et sa bande, qui est oit de cent lances, deffaicte et quasi tous tuez ; y furent aussy tuez tant de gens a cheval que de pied jusques au nombre d'environ quatre mille hommes. L'admirai y fut fort blessé; le frère puisné de monsieur de La Palisse , nommé monsieu^||de Van délie', et aultres y furent tuez, el fut la dicte rencon tre et journée le xxviii avril 1 524 , et s'enfuit le dict admirai tout blessé, et ne vouleurent frapper les Suysses qui estoient pour nous ; et y fut perdue nos tre artillerie. Le dict seigneur de Bourbon et le vice-roy de Na ples ' y estoient en personne pour l'Empereur contre le Roy, avec plusieurs Espaignols, Napolitains, Italiens, Alemans , Lansquenetz et aultres , et y eut grand meurtre de noz gens d'armes ; parquoy noz gens fu rent contrainctz lever le siège , et s'en vint le dict ad mirai en Daulphiné pour soy faire guérir, depuis vint à Lyon pour soy refreschir; l'armée aussi s'en revînt de delà les monts comme aiant tout perdu. Au dict an 1524, commencement de juillet , vindrent nouvelles à Paris que le prince d'ÂLurange, qui tenoit le party de l'Empereur contre le roy de France , avoit esté prins sur la mer vers le quartier de 1. Voy. les historiens de Bayard, cites plus haut; du Bellay, 1. II ; et Pasquier, Recherches de la France ^ 1. VI, cb. xxu. 2. Vanderiesse. — Il mourut trois jours après. Voy. Brantôme, 1. II, ch. XII. 3. Ch. de Lannoy, né vers 1470, mort en 1527» Voy. snrlai Brantôme, 1. I, ch. xxiii. D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1524). 213 Marseille, qui venoit de devers l'Empereur qui estoit en Espaigne, et alloit vers le duc de Bourbon, et avoit avec luy dix ou douze gros seigneurs d* Espaigne; entre aultres on disoit que le filz deFadmiral d'Espai gne y estoit. Et fist la dicte prinse un cappitaine de mer genevoys, nommé messire André Dorie, qui estoit de la lignée de Frégouzes*, laquelle lignée tient pour le roy de France, et lequel Dorie estoit des bannis de Gennes, à cause qu'il tenoit le party pour le roy de France ; et fut (le prince d'Orange) ammené prisonnier en la grosse tour de Bourges. Avec le dict seigneur André Dorie estoient le seigneur de La Fayette et le seigneur Bernardin, qui tenoient la mer pour le Roy. Le Roy sçacliant que le dict seigneur de Bourbon descendoit en Provence avec grosse armée , envoya aussi à rencontre de luy grande armée jusques à trente mil hommes de pied ou environ , et douze cens lances, entre lesquels gens de pied y avoit des lansquenetz, Suisses, advanturiers gascons et proven çaulx; les gens de cheval estoient de France et d'Italie» Le Roy eslôit délibéré d'y aller en personne , n'eut esté le Irespas de la bonne Royne, sa femme, qui le garda d'y aller. On dit que le dict seigneur de Bourbon fut en Pro vence assailli, et de nos gens tellement poursuivy qu'il fut contraint s'enfuir, aultrement qu'il eut esté prins, et se retira en Italie. Depuis le Roy s'en alla à Lyon et de là en Daul phiné jusques à Vallence à cause de la garde dessus dicte , aussi parce qu'il eust nouvelles que la cité d'Aix, i. Doria. — Fregoso. Si 4 JOURNAL en Provence , avoit été prinse des ennemiB ; où estoh dedans monsieur de Bourbon qui la gaigna sur le Roj comme lieutenant de l'Empereur , dont le Roy ne fut trop joyeux. Après que le Roy eust esté quelque temps à Val lence , en Daulpliiné, il tira oultre et s'en alla en Avi gnon où il fist son entrée en grand triomphe, le qua torziesme septembre 1 524, où il fut bien receu par te cardinal et lëgat d'Avignon et citoyens de la ville. De là il s'en alla jusques auprès de Marseille, où estoit son armée, où il divisa sa dicte armée en trois partiM^ La première , qui estoit au mareschal de La' Paliske , où il y avoit quatre cens lances et huict mil hommes de pied; l'arrière garde, qui estoit de quatre cens lances et huict mil hommes de pied, il la bailla à mon* sieur d'Alançon ; la bataille il la retint pour hi^avèc tel nombre de gens de cheval et de pjed , et y avoit encores grand nombre de gens d'armes de. cheval et de pied aux ailes du Roy pour le secourir à son besoing. Le Roy manda des lettres aux prévostcfteschevinsde In ville de Paris par lesquelles se recommtadoit à eult et les remercioit de ce qu'ilz luy avoient baillé dit mille livres^ combien qu'il leur eut dict qu'il s'en pas seroit bien sans rien prendre d'eulx ; et si leur mandoit qu'ilz fissent prier Dieu et les sainctz pour luy aider à ses guerres et affaires , et qu'il estoit en Avignon où il avait faict son entrée le quatorziesme jour du mois de septembre, et qu'il espéroit, au plaisir de Dieu, le créateur, donner l'assaut en bref à ses ennemis. Loit i . C'est-à-dire le corps de bataille. D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1824). 115 les dicls prévost et eschevins de la dicte ville après avoir eu et veu les dictes lettres, ilz firent assembler en la dicte ville, aftîn de monstrer icelle aux priîici paulx de la dicte ville, et tellement qu'il fut conclud et advisë de faire prières et oraisons pour le Roy, à ce qu'il pleust à pieu luy aider. Dont le jour de dimanche, qui fut le vingt et cin* quiesme jour de septembre fut faicte procession g^né ralle en la ville He Paris en grand honneur et rêvé rence, et y fut (chanlée) grande messe en l'église Noslre-Dame de Paris , et y eut sermon en la grande cour de monsieur de Paris , et y prescha monsieur Merlin , docteur , curé de la Magdeleine , et monsieur de Paris , qui' déclara les affaires du Roy et ce qu'il avoit écrit à la ville, et comme il se recommandoit aux prières du peuple, et comme il est oit en Avignon, et au plaisir ^e Dieu qu'il espéroit donner bataille à ses entremis, liesquetz il espéroit avoir victoire moien nant la grâce et ayde de Dieu et de la glorieuse vierge sacrée Marie i Item^ il est aussi assçavoir que madame la Régente sa mète estmt à Valence, en Daulphiné, accompaignée « de sa noblisse^^ tant d'hommes que de femmes , et y tenoit grosse cour. Et envoia icelle dame quatre cens lances au Roy et grand nortibre de gens de pied souldoyez pour secou rir et aider le Roy, et est à noter que monsieur de Bourbon estoit luy-mesme en personne avec son ar mée, qui estoit grande , tant de pied que de cheval, pour l'Empereur et comme son lieutenant général, et aussi de par les Vénitiens qui l'avoient faict gouver neur et donnoient par an deux cens mil ducatz pour 216 JOURNAL faire la guerre contre le roy de France, comme traîtres, combien que , auparavant ilz estoient aliez du Roy. Item , le seigneur de Bourbon mettoit en sa devise ces mots : Victoire en la mort. Item y aussi il estoit bruit que le Pape Favoit &ict instituer son vicaire général de l'Église pour estre contre le roy de France et luy bailloit mesme somme de deniers pour ayder à faire la guerre contre le Roy. Item , aussi aydoient les Milanoys au dict seigneur de Bourbon contre le roy de France avec ceulx du comté de Bresse et aultres plusieurs d Italie. Item^ le Roy voiant les tromperies des Italiens et qu'ilz estoient quasi rebelles contre luy, durant la foyre d'aoust que les marchandz d'Italie alloiênt à la foyre à Lyon , il fîst prendre tous les marchands milannots avec ceux de Bresse et Nontie*, et les fit mettre prison» niers dedans Lyon avec leurs marchandises qui es toient dedans Lyon, lesquelles Turent iConfisquées à cause qu'ilz s'estoient révoltez contre luy. Il n'est à oublier que le Roy, lorsqu'il fut à Yallèhce, il s'advantura d'y aller en petite compaignie en Avi gnon sans y mener son armée, où il fut bienj*eceu par le cardinal d'Avignon et aultres, saos^ (aire entrée; dont après toutes choses (le dict cardinal légat d'Avi gnon est de la maison d'Amboise et parent de feu mon sieur le cardinal et légat en France , Georges d'Am boise) iceluy légat d'Avignon remonstra au Roy comme il n'estoit trop assuré de sa personne en la dicte ville d'Avignon, parce qu'il y avoit des juifz et marranes' de 1. Nantua? 2. Maures. D'UN BOURGEOIS DE PARIS (1524). 217 toutes sortes et estranges qui luy pourroieut faire dom mage et desplaisir , et que pour son bien il luy con venoit soy retirer et s'en aller hors de la ville. Dont il advint qu'il ne fut pas plus de trois jours qu'il y eut aucuns marranes qui firent sçavoir à monsieur de Bourbon qui eshoàt en Provence que le Roy estoit à petite compagnie en Avignon. Et incontinent le dict seigneur de Bourbon de ce adverty envoia en diligence mil hommes de pieds montez siu* chevaulx légers pour cuider prendre le Roy. Mais incontinent le Roy de ce adverty s'en alla de la dicte ville d'Avignon à Vallence, en Daulphiné; et lors il jura y retourner à grosse puissance pour combattre ses ennemys, ce qu'il fit comme magnanime prince et courageux. Iterrij il est à sçavoir que la ville de Marseille fut assiégée par monsieur de Bourbon et son armée con tre le Roy; mais il y avoit dedans gros nombre de gens d'armes, tant de cheval que de pied, qui résistè rent très fort pour le dict Roy. Y fut donné l'assault par le dict seigneur de Bourbon et ses gens, dont il y eut gros nombre de gens tuez de coslé et d'aultre. Mais voiant le dict seigneur de Bourbon que le Roy qui estoit en Avignon et son armée y venoient, il se relira et s'en alla à Toulon qui est cité de par delà , laquelle il avoit gaignée sur le Rôy ^ Item y environ quinze jours après l'entrée du Roy en Avignon, y fureiit prins le secrétaire de monsieur 1 . Voy. , sur le siège de Marseille , Bouche, Hist, de Provence^ 1. X, et dans le Recueil des chants historiques franc, , t. I, p. 96, une chanson dont nous avons parlé p. 145, note 2. Cette chan son y est datée à tort de 1 525 , car le siège fut levé le 28 sep tembre 1524. Cf. Chronique manuscrite y p. 34 et 35. m s JOURNAL de Bourbon et son clerc d'office j qui estoient de sel officiers domestiques , lesquelz le Roy fît ammener dedans la ville d'Avignon ^ et, après les avoir veuz et interroguez , il les fit décapiter en la dicte ville d'Avignon. Item , le samedy , huictiesme jour d'octobre , fut chanté Te Deum laudamus soleninellement en h grande église Nostre-Dame de Paris, et sonnées les grosses cloches , et y estoient les prévost et eschevins de la ville et les présidens aussi, parce qu'il estoit venu nouvelles , à la ville et à la cour de Parlement aussi, que le Roy avoit eu victoire sur ses ennemis qui estoient en Provence et que l'ost des dictz eonesiis estoit levé et s'en estoient fuis.
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https://github.com/nruneev/socks-shop-happestar/blob/master/src/pages/Admin/oder/current/index.sass
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Github Open Source
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socks-shop-happestar
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nruneev
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Major Pomeroy returned to Phoenix and three days later burst into the town of Parker again with his expeditionary force — three vehicles and five soldiers. Shunning the ignominy of naval trans- portation, they struck determinedly across the Arizona desert next morning in a station wagon. By noon, after a backbreaking ride across the fordings of the Bill Williams, they reached the Colo- rado a half mile above the dam site. There the troops encamped to observe the movements of the enemy and "report any encroach- ment." Through the scorching heat of an Arizona summer they remained at their isolated outpost — the vanguard of resistance for the sovereign state of Arizona. After nine months' time they suddenly sent an emergency re- port to Governor Moeur. Construction had begun on Parker Dam. Six Companies, the firm that had built Hoover Dam, had taken the contract and was now laying a trestle bridge across the river toward the Arizona shore. Survey parties had already set foot on Arizona soil. Governor Moeur acted immediately. On November 10, 1934, he declared martial law over the territory embracing the Arizona side of the Parker site. The National Guard was ordered to take possession of the area, eject trespassers, prevent construction of the bridge, and "repel the threatened invasion of the sovereignty and territory of the State of Arizona. . . ." To Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes he sent a message explaining his stand. To the press he summed up Arizona's determination with a fiery comment : 235 "We may get licked in the affair, but we will go down fight- ing." Over on the Colorado the Metropolitan Water District was equally adamant. Six Companies kept operating its pile driver as usual, pounding closer to the Arizona side. The workmen them- selves were resolved to push ahead, even if it meant a clash. They had sought this work too long in the midst of a national depres- sion to give it up now without a struggle. The Reclamation Bureau engineer backed up their defiance. "My survey parties," he announced solemnly, "will cross the river tomorrow and go on with work as usual." Downstream at Parker the citizens came alive in anticipation of hostilities. Miners, cowboys, and even Indians came to town from the surrounding country to witness the "big showdown." Newspaper correspondents, photographers, and newsreel camera- men swarmed into Parker, ready to record another sortie of the Arizona Navy for an expectant nation. Joe Bush ordered the Julia B. recommissioned for another advance up the Colorado. "We're ready to move troops up the river any day," he an- nounced dramatically. Scouts sent upstream, however, returned to report that the water level during the Colorado's fall stage was too low to float the Arizona Navy. Joe Bush was undismayed. "She'll go anywhere," he proudly insisted. "When are you going to shove off?" somebody asked him. "Oh," he countered slyly, "you don't think we're giving out military information, do you?" On November 12 the Six Companies pile driver at the dam site had almost reached the Arizona bank; plans were made to begin work on diversion tunnels on the Arizona side. Out of Phoenix on the same day rumbled a caravan of eighteen army trucks, carrying over a hundred armed troops, several machine- gunners, and a hospital unit. There seemed no way of preventing the long water feud between California and Arizona from end- ing in a pitched battle on the banks of the Colorado River. Next day Interior Secretary Harold Ickes stepped in. From the Denver headquarters of the Reclamation Bureau came orders to stop work on Parker Dam. Six Companies laid off its crews at noon and called some two hundred additional men off the projected job on the Arizona tunnels. To Governor Moeur came 236 a telegram from Ickes that work had been shut down; until the question was settled, he declared, "there will be no invasion of Arizona's rights." State troops whirled into Parker in fighting trim that afternoon, only to be stopped from further advance by a message from the governor. Dejectedly they camped that night on the edge of town, while all of Parker gathered its frayed nerves. The drama of the Colorado water war had ended in ignoble frustration. Next day the whole militia was called back to Phoenix, includ- ing the six-man squad which had guarded Arizona soil for nine months near the dam site. Their departure was accompanied by the homeward trek of another squad of disappointed newspaper- men, who had waited for days with poised typewriters, newsreel cameras, and sound equipment for the battle that never hap- pened. As for the noble Julia B., she bravely carried on in her mundane task of ferrying autos across the Colorado, as though she had never been the flagship of the mighty Arizona Navy. The military phase of the Colorado controversy was over, and the fight was now transferred to the courts. In mid-January 1 935 the government brought action in the Supreme Court to enjoin Arizona from interfering with construction of Parker Dam. After granting a temporary injunction, the Court threw out the case on April 29. Arizona was held to be within its rights in halting work, as the dam had no authorization from Congress. But Ari- zona's victory was short-lived ; four months later Congress specifi- cally authorized Parker Dam, and Arizona was left with nothing to do but permit the resumption of work in the Colorado channel. Six Companies immediately began boring the diversion tunnels on the Arizona side and by October 1936 had started excavating in the dry river bed to reach bedrock 240 feet below — a distance that makes Parker the "deepest" dam in the world. Meanwhile Frank Weymouth's aqueduct builders were en- countering far greater obstacles than political obstruction. In the depths of San Jacinto Mountain the contractors who were driv- ing the aqueduct's longest tunnel were stalled by heavy flows of water. Like the famed Elizabeth Tunnel on the Owens River aqueduct, this thirteen-mile bore was being blocked by the very element it was being built to convey. When excavation had first started in May 1933 two shafts were 237 sunk down to grade level — one three miles in from the west portal, and the other less than two miles from the east portal. The eight- mile distance between these two points ran under the heart of Mount San Jacinto, second highest peak in Southern Cali- fornia. This was the crucial distance which determined the length of construction time not only for the tunnel itself but for the entire aqueduct. In less than a year the crews had reached grade level in the two shafts and were working on four headings deep in the interior of "old San Jack." But in July 1934 the miners in the eastbound heading of the west shaft suddenly struck a fault. From the sides and top of the tunnel a shower of water rushed in upon them. They were scarcely able to remove equipment before the tunnel was flooded com- pletely. The water had risen almost to the top of the 8oo-foot shaft before the contractors could install pumps to fight the overflow. They had nearly cleared the shaft when an accident occurred which disabled two of the three pumps and gave way to the flood once more. When the works were finally pumped out in November 1934 a third flood promptly filled them again. Finally the crews were able to resume work by the end of the year, but could still make little headway against a constant flow of water. By this time Frank Weymouth and his Water District engineers feared that delay in San Jacinto would hold up the entire aque- duct— a result which would cause a high loss of interest payments on the bonds. Little more than two miles had been driven in over a year and a half — a rate which would bring completion in nearly ten years instead of the estimated six. Early in 1935, Weymouth decided to cancel the contract and push the work directly. Metro- politan Water District engineers took over on February 12, and with a more powerful set of pumps and heavier excavating machines installed in each shaft, drove ahead three more miles in a year's time. Frank Weymouth knew, however, that even this pace could not make up for the time lost. In March 1936 he called his engi- neers together for a council of war. More than three years, he reminded them, had been consumed in driving only two miles in the key central section of the tunnel. Surface exploration indi- cated that several more water-laden faults lay ahead. Clearly a 238 whole new strategy was needed for the assault on indomitable old San Jack. Out of that meeting was born a new line of attack. A mile- long shaft — the "Lawrence Adit" — was begun from a canyon paralleling the tunnel on the north, four miles from the town of Banning. Striking the central tunnel section roughly in the mid- dle, this new access would provide two more headings from which Weymouth's hardy miners could carry on the assault. The alignment of the tunnel itself was swung northward to meet the new shaft — a device which added over a thousand feet of length but hastened the shaft connection. Weymouth calculated this entire stratagem would cut a year off the construction time. Through this and other expedients his tunnelers drove through the mountain at a still faster pace, righting off floods that some- times poured out over 15,000 gallons a minute at a single head- ing. By December 1937, when the mile-long Lawrence shaft reached the tunnel line, it was clear that the final three miles would be finished within the six-year limit. As the last barrier was pierced on November 19, 1938, the event was witnessed by hundreds of miners and a crowd of Metro- politan District officials. Even the nation itself shared their tri- umph, for a CBS microphone was on hand to record the final explosion which left an unbroken thirteen-mile hole through the heart of old San Jack. After the muckers cleared the heading they found the historic connection was exactly true for lateral align- ment and a tenth of an inch off for elevation. Frank Weymouth's team of surveyors, engineers, and drillers had not sacrificed ac- curacy in winning their battle against time. Within less than a year the concrete crews lined the tunnel, and the last link in the conduit was completed. Then the pon- derous machinery of the world's greatest domestic aqueduct shifted into motion. Power transmitted southward from Hoover Dam began lifting water from Parker Reservoir and over the mountains of the Colorado Desert. In November 1939 it was turned into the terminal reservoir, which was soon dedicated Lake Mathews, in honor of the Los Angeles water lawyer whose indefatigable efforts up till his death a few years before had largely made this aqueduct possible. Another year and a half was consumed in finishing the dis- 239 tribution system to member cities of the Metropolitan Water District. On June 17, 1941, the first Colorado water was delivered to Pasadena, and in rapid succession to Santa Monica, Long Beach, and other cities. It was the welcome end of a long ordeal ; ten years had passed since these cities had first voted the aque- duct bonds, and eighteen years since Mulholland had journeyed to the Colorado to consider it as a source of municipal water. To those who had scoffed that the project was fantastic, Frank Weymouth and his hard-hatted army had written an imperish- able answer across four hundred miles of California desert. Colorado water came none too soon for the Southern Califor- nia community. The wet cycle of the late 19305 ended with the winter of 1941, and in the years that followed many cities would have found their reservoirs dropping dangerously low without the new supply. For Santa Monica, Long Beach, and several others it soon became a main source of drinking water. But Los Angeles, with its own gravity supply from Inyo and Mono counties, was slow to make use of pumped water from the Colorado. During the first full year of operations only 114,000 acre-feet came through the aqueduct — just about one tenth of the ultimate capacity. In an effort to put the project on a paying basis, district officials encouraged new communities to join, and several, in- cluding Inglewood and Anaheim, were quick to accept. But other cities declined, believing their local supplies were enough, and thereupon made a desperate civic mistake. Today many of those same communities are trying to gain the member- ship they once shunned. The Metropolitan Water District, with its life line to the mighty Colorado, is the one stable source of water in Southern California; membership in this exclusive club means the difference between a prosperous future and tragic stag- nation. As the giant projects of the Colorado unfolded during the early 19305, the one that had fathered them all still remained to be launched. Out of Imperial Valley's project for the All-American Canal, conceived by her water seekers before World War I, had grown the whole Boulder Canyon Project. It was, as Phil Swing had put it, "the tail that wagged the dog." Like the Colorado Aqueduct, the canal was not begun until 240 Hoover Dam was well advanced, because its diversion dam in the river could best be built after the parent structure had con- trolled the flow. Yet by 1933 the aqueduct project was under way, and the Ail-American Canal was still on the drawing boards. Phil Swing was then in Washington representing the Imperial Irrigation District after the end of his twelve-year congressional career. Neither he nor Imperial had forgotten the canal that was to free their water supply from Mexican control. As long as it remained unbuilt, Swing knew the nine-year battle he had waged in Congress was still unfinished. With his fighting spirit aroused, he invaded the Reclamation Bureau and found the cause of the delay. Although the Boulder Canyon Act had appropriated funds for its construction, the government was reluctant to begin work while other states were clamoring for irrigation expenditures. Phil Swing then went to Harold Ickes, the blustery head of the Interior Department. Imperial Valley, he told him, could not afford to have the canal postponed. Ickes took him to a wall map near his desk. "All these other states have water projects pending," he ex- plained. "You'll just have to wait." "I can't wait," replied Swing. If the Interior Department would not grant his plea he would find a higher authority. Swing secured a fifteen-minute appoint- ment with President Roosevelt and then with his usual showman- ship succeeded in gathering a number of Colorado basin congress- men to appear with him. The Californian even approached his old friend and enemy, Senator Carl Hayden of Arizona, appeal- ing to him on the ground that if Hoover Dam was finished with- out an All-American Canal there would be no way to prevent Mexico from irrigating more land by the increased low flow of the river. Swing had nudged Hayden in a vulnerable spot. The Mexican menace to Colorado water had long been a bugbear in Arizona, and Carl Hayden agreed to support the All-American Canal. On the afternoon of October 23, Phil Swing took his impressive troupe to the White House. Already on Roosevelt's desk were telegrams from John Garner of Texas and Ward Bannister of Colorado, urging the All-American Canal. Swing had set the stage well. 241 After the introductions he launched into a ten-minute speech on the canal project, finishing almost out of breath. "Well, Mr. Swing," Roosevelt responded amiably, "you've made a good statement and you've brought a good crowd with you." Then with a sly smile, "When you've brought Senator Hay- den, I almost think you're right to begin with." The President concluded by asking the views of the others, and told Swing he would send word of his decision. The group had no sooner filed out than Roosevelt called Senator Hiram Johnson, who had jumped Republican traces to support him in the presidential campaign the year before. Here again Phil Swing had laid his groundwork. Forewarned of a possible call, Johnson gave stout approval of the All- American Canal. Next day Swing was in his Washington quarters when a Public Works Administration official telephoned. Would he come over and help to write up the resolution allotting $6,000,000 to begin the All- American Canal? "What resolution?" blurted out Swing. "You ought to know," returned the voice. "You put it through." "I'll be right over." That day Phil Swing was able to send a long-awaited telegram to the jubilant directors of the Imperial Irrigation District : "Glad advise canal approved and six million allotted start work." By a final application of his bulldog spirit and astute showmanship the veteran water fighter was making the tail do some wagging of its own. Surveys and contracts immediately followed, and by August 8, 1934, three hundred Imperial settlers journeyed to the Colorado to watch the first excavation on the Ail-American Canal. While the crowd assembled on a nearby point under a blazing midsum- mer sun, a huge power shovel ambled into place on the east slope of Pilot Knob. Sitting at the levers was blocky Mark Rose. As the long-standing "pioneer" of the project, he had been given the honor of releasing the first bucketful of rock from the eighty-mile ditch. With his Imperial friends cheering him on, the doughty farmer raised the first scoopful of earth and dropped it into a waiting truck. So far as Mark Rose was concerned, this completed his twenty-two-year efforts for the All- American Canal; the rest of the work he left to the engineers. 242 Straight through the barren border country went the giant machines, fulfilling on the ground a plan that had been on draft- ing tables for a generation. Within a few months the route was swarming with dragline cranes and power shovels — and a sun- tanned army of two thousand men. By 1 935 they encountered the valley of the shifting sand hills, the barrier that had forced Rock- wood and Chaffey southward into Mexico with their original Imperial Canal. Through this forbidding land of sterile white sand dunes the modern builders met their greatest test. Opponents of the canal had scoffed that it could never be pierced; engineers had reported that even if the ditch was built it could not be kept clear of the relentless encroachment of moving sand. Against these walking hills the canal makers brought in an equally formidable weapon — a mammoth dragline crane of 650 tons. It was so huge that twenty boxcars were needed to carry its parts to the nearest Southern Pacific siding, and so heavy that no wheels could support it in those yielding sands. Instead it was fashioned with two mechanical "feet," each weighing twenty-one tons. Mounted eccentrically on an axle, they actually "walked" — seven feet at a step. So against the walking hills was pitted a giant walking crane. Laboring round the clock, with floodlights attached to its booms by night, it scooped up seven tons of sand at a mouthful and built a great embankment against the shifting sand dunes. As fast as the hills were effectively stopped the canal itself was gouged out to precise form. Then the workmen applied oil or vegetation to the canal banks, to provide a more lasting control of the elusive sand. Thus the obstacle that had been publicized for years from Imperial Valley to Washington was wiped away by applied in- genuity in a few months' time. Whatever sand found its way into the ditch would be carried off by the irrigating water. By 1936 work had been started on Imperial Dam, a few miles above the Yuma diversion works on the Colorado River. Here the canal water would be impounded, then turned into a great "desilting" plant, the first such device on any irrigating works in the world. It included four settling basins from which fifty thou- sand tons of silt could be removed every day by mechanical plows and sent back into the river below the dam. No longer would 243 Imperial farmers be harassed by water so muddy that it filled their irrigation ditches and clogged the furrows in their fields. After six years of steady construction the engineering phase was over. From the Colorado to Imperial Valley stretched an unlined canal, complete with flumes and siphons to carry the water through intervening canyons. On October 13, 1940, the first water was delivered to Imperial Irrigation District ; from that time on the quantity was increased as the last miles of the canal were finished. By March 1942 the valley had completely aban- doned its Mexican life line and was taking its entire supply through the Ail-American Canal. The project that had suffered innumerable delays over the previous thirty years had barely escaped another interruption in the coming of World War II. Less fortunate was the Coachella Valley branch of the canal, which was begun in 1938 from a point fourteen miles west of Pilot Knob. Its course first traversed the upper edge of the famed East Mesa, providing a final water supply for Mark Rose's rich farming acreage. Then it pushed on along the prehistoric shore line of Imperial Valley, passed the Salton Sea, and circled around the upper limits of Coachella Valley. Beginning in 1942, the work was interrupted for four years by the war while Coachella farm- ers found their water levels sinking to alarming depths, owing to an accompanying drought. But by the end of 1948 the iig-mile branch was driven into Coachella Valley, and in the following spring the first Colorado water began to run through furrows in the thirsty land. An empire of 18,000 people and some of the most famous date palms and grapefruit groves in the world were rescued by a project first conceived thirty-seven years before. Redoubtable old Mark Rose did not live to see the fulfillment of his dream, having died during the construction period of the 19305. But Phil Swing and other crusaders who took up his fight were on hand and could take pride in the knowledge that, while the first was last among the giant Boulder projects, they had not rested until their entire program was completed. Imperial Valley, saved by Hoover Dam from threatened annihilation, had likewise been freed from the foreign control fastened on its life line for forty years. California had finished the monumental task, against the opposition of both man and nature, of taming and harnessing the mighty lower Colorado. 244 13: California's Lost Battle The completion of the All- American Canal in 1941 set in motion a chain of events which ripped open the dormant Colorado con- troversy. Its first effect was to rearrange the entire irrigation pic- ture in the lower basin. No longer was Imperial Valley dependent on Mexico for its water supply. Instead the water users below the border found themselves at the physical mercy of the Americans. The old Imperial Canal south of the line had been abandoned, and the thirty-seven-year concession which had reserved half of its flow for Mexican farmers was now useless. Irrigators south of the line would have to maintain and operate the ditch them- selves— a task which would cut deeply into their margin of earn- ings. But most of all, Imperial Valley now virtually controlled the lower river with its All- American Canal. At its will enough Colo- rado water could be drawn off above the border to ruin every crop on the delta. Phil Swing had warned that this very device could be used if Mexico sought to benefit by Hoover Dam's regu- lation of the river. "While you could not turn all the surplus into Salton Sea," he had told fellow congressmen, "you could do that at intervals and over sufficient lengths of time to prevent the increase of addi- tional area ... in Mexico." There was, after all, not enough water in the river to allow American improvements to benefit Mexico. So far as the Colo- rado's natural flow was concerned, Lower California had reached the limit of its crop expansion before Hoover Dam was built. The whole low stage of the river had been appropriated by water users on both sides of the line, and any additional supply would have to come from reservoir storage. Geography, however, had been unkind to Mexico. There were no reservoir sites on the flat delta lands, and the only possible location for a Mexican dam lay in the twenty-mile stretch where the Colorado formed the border between Mexico and Arizona. Without United States permission Mexico could not count on more than 750,000 acre-feet a year out of the Colorado. 245 Hoover Dam, of course, had changed this situation. Arizonans who had fought the Boulder project in Congress during the twenties had argued that the increased low flow caused by the dam would benefit Mexican irrigators. By helping them to use and claim more water, it would be condemning that much more American land to desert. In the end Arizona had won her point. An amendment by Senator Carl Hayden of Arizona had been inserted in the Boulder Canyon bill warning Mexico that water was being stored for use "exclusively within the United States." As soon as the Boulder Act took effect in 1929, moreover, this country moved to pin down Mexico's water use by treaty. Dr. Elwood Mead, chief of the Reclamation Bureau, had met with Mexican agents and offered 750,000 acre-feet — the most that Mexico had been able to use in any one year. But the Mexicans demanded 3,600,000. The Mead offer was rejected and the negotiations collapsed. Mexico was counting on the increased low flow that would take place with construction of Hoover Dam. Using Phil Swing's method, the United States would still have been able to halt such added use if the All-American Canal had been finished at the same time as Hoover Dam. But its delay had justified every fear of the Arizonans. Out of the regulated flow of the Colorado, beginning with the completion of the dam in 1935, Mexico built a bigger agricultural empire than ever before on the Colorado delta. Harry Chandler's Mexican holdings, however, were benefiting little from the Lower California boom. In 1938 the Mexican Gov- ernment expropriated some 287,000 acres of the property — in- cluding practically all of the cultivated area — and dealt the Chandler company a fatal blow. But there were other Mexican owners who were prospering by the increased water supply, put- ting more land under irrigation every year in a race to develop as far as possible before the All-American Canal was completed to give the United States the advantage. By the late thirties American water users took sudden alarm. If Mexico secured a right to this increased use through a treaty with the United States their own established water rights would be endangered. In July 1938, American water interests — from California to the Rocky Mountains — met at Phoenix to organize 246 against the Mexican menace. There they formed the Committee of Fourteen, with two members from each of the basin states, to advise the government on Colorado matters and especially on the Mexican question. When sitting with representatives of the Hoover Dam power contractors, it became the Committee of Six- teen. Without delay the organization asked the Secretary of State to notify Mexico that she could gain no right to water stored in the United States. The suggestion, however, was not followed. By 1941, Mexico was diverting nearly twice as much water out of the Colorado as she had been able to use from the unregu- lated river. But as the All-American Canal neared its completion that year, Mexico's period of grace was over. Knowing that Im- perial Valley would soon gain control over her water usage, Mexico indicated that she was ready for a treaty. The move was scarcely unexpected. Having built up her water claims as high as possible, Mexico was now willing to negotiate. Out of this situation was born a new struggle for the long- contested waters of the Colorado. By this time there were two divergent opinions on Mexico's rights: the American view that she should receive only the most she had been able to use before construction of Hoover Dam, and the Mexican idea that she should have all the use she had developed since then. The differ- ence between the two would put such a burden on the Colorado that American developments would be threatened. Of the seven Colorado states, California stood first in jeopardy. She had contracted to receive 5,362,000 acre-feet a year from Hoover Dam storage, but nearly 1,000,000 was classed as "sur- plus"— outside the 7,500,000 apportioned to the lower basin by the Colorado Compact. According to that document, any Mexi- can draft would first be satisfied out of unapportioned surplus; California knew that Mexico's claim would consume so much of this that part of her own water contracts would be invaded. It simply meant that her Colorado Aqueduct and All-American Canal would never receive the capacities for which they had been built, and that she would have to turn elsewhere for a new water supply much sooner than expected. And beyond the Colorado the water holes were slim indeed. As soon as the U. S. State Department realized that Mexico would negotiate, the Colorado basin states were called upon for 247 advice. In 1941 a subcommittee of the Committee of Fourteen recommended unanimously that Mexico be given no more water than she had been able to use before Hoover Dam — 750,000 acre- feet a year. When this was discarded by the State Department as too low an offer, the committee made a token concession. In June 1942 it unanimously approved a water delivery formula, giving Mexico 800,000 acre-feet during years of normal flow below Hoover Dam, and ranging more or less as that flow varied. Once again the State Department balked. Already larger con- siderations were crowding in to influence its approach to the Mexican question. For years previously the United States had also sought a treaty with Mexico on the waters of the lower Rio Grande, where the Colorado situation was reversed. Most of its flow rises in Mexican tributaries, but the rough terrain had made it impossible for Mexico to use any large amount. Texas, on the other hand, had rich citrus areas in the river's lower valley, and stood to be the beneficiary in any treaty negotiations. Thus Mex- ico had everything to offer on the Rio Grande and everything to ask on the Colorado. The implications in this picture were not ignored by Mexican officials. Years before, they had made it plain that they would not negotiate on the Rio Grande without also considering the Colorado. So it was that the International Boundary Commis- sion, which handled the negotiations, took up both rivers when serious talks began at El Paso in 1943. Whatever advantage the United States had as the contributor of Colorado water was neutralized by simultaneous discussion of the Rio Grande. Once the Mexican-American talks had started, the pressures of international diplomacy took hold. For years President Roose- velt, through Secretary of State Cordell Hull, had cultivated a long-needed good-neighbor policy toward Latin America. Mili- tary necessity during World War II had made American prestige below the border even more imperative. By the time the Mexican treaty negotiation was well advanced, the State Department be- lieved it was being regarded in Latin America as a crucial test of United States sincerity in its good-will program. Being the "underdog" nation, Mexico could not be dealt a hard bargain without jeopardizing years of careful American diplomacy. By early 1943 the American negotiators had given up any at- tempt to press the Committee of Fourteen's formula of 800,000 248 acre-feet, or any plan based on Mexico's use before Hoover Dam. Instead it began thinking in terms of her water usage built up since that time. In the spring of 1943 the government called an- other conference of the committee, meeting with its members in mid-April at Santa Fe, New Mexico. From California came a formidable delegation of experts — a second generation of water fighters in the tradition of Billy Mathews and Mark Rose. Chief among them was lean, hard- bitten Arvin Shaw, assistant attorney general of California, who brought with him more than twenty years of experience in West- ern water law. Suave in manner but unrelenting in debate, Shaw had a dramatic way of speaking that was alternately deliberate and explosive. With them also was another veteran of the Boulder Canyon fight — redoubtable Phil Swing, now chief counsel for the San Diego County Water Authority. Together they were resolved to hold Mexico's allotment to her pre-Hoover Dam use. They were not prepared, however, for the awakening in store for them at Santa Fe. As the conference opened in the swank La Fonda Hotel a government negotiator presented a proposed treaty which amounted to a guarantee of 1,500,000 acre-feet to Mexico — double her usage before Hoover Dam. Immediately the Calif ornians launched a volley of questions, only to find them- selves the lone objectors among the seven state delegations. Finally Phil Swing demanded whether the federal officials intended to give away part of the water in California's contracts. The govern- ment men would not commit themselves. California's delegates stormed out in a fury at the end of the first session. Next day they requested a delay until they could find how far their water rights would be invaded. When this was rejected by the other states California asked to discuss the question without the presence of government officials. The upper states and Arizona blocked this move as well, and pressed for a vote on the treaty. At that point the irate Californians concluded that they were victims of conspiracy. E. F. Scattergood of Los Angeles, repre- senting the power contractors, charged that if the committee wanted to act without any more discussion "there must have been a great deal of discussion somewhere," unknown to the Califor- nians. 249 "Now we are not permitted," he raged, "even an opportunity to discuss it with our engineers, and among ourselves; that doesn't seem to be wanted." The Californians were able to delay action for another day, but it was a hopeless fight. Next morning the proposed treaty passed overwhelmingly, with the California men as the sole ob- jectors and Nevada abstaining. Another resolution was quickly offered, lauding the State Department in its work, and passed by the same vote. Before the Californians could recover, a third resolution was proposed, urging that the government take over all Imperial Valley diversion works, including the All-American Canal, for the delivery of water to Mexico under the treaty. To the outraged Californians this was final proof that the other states were playing the State Department's game. Phil Swing, who had devoted his life to acquiring those facilities for Imperial, erupted with anger. "This is the final humiliation," he roared, "and adds to the indignity already done to California and its communities." Charg- ing that the committee was invading their constitutional rights of ownership, he shamed the other states for the "steam-roller methods . . . with which you have rolled toward your predeter- mined goal." Chairman of the meeting was Judge Clifford H. Stone of Denver, one of the best-known irrigation lawyers in the West and a leading figure in the upper-state delegation. With cool- ness and determination he replied that the conflict was merely a difference of opinion. "I want to say some of us fully appreciate the position California is in. ... We think we know there are some reasons why you cannot join in some action and yet that should not deter the best judgment of the other members. . . ." To Californians this was the same as saying that as long as the other states believed they were protected by the treaty California could rot. "Is there any other comment?" asked Stone, preparing for the vote on the final motion. "There is no use arguing the obvious," Arvin Shaw concluded bitterly. Thereupon the committee passed a last motion to strip Cali- fornia of its border irrigation works. Even Nevada voted with 250 Arizona and the upper states. Then the Santa Fe meeting ad- journed, and the crisis in the Mexican question was over. Until that time California had been secure in the support of the upper basin and Arizona for a Mexican burden which would not harm her contracts. But to her representatives it was now obvious that government negotiators had somehow drawn away the other states. Undoubtedly their main argument had been that 1 5500,000 acre-feet was the least that Mexico woud take, and that if an agreement was not reached now she could later appeal to the Inter-American Arbitration Court for a settlement. By that time the Mexican irrigators would have built up an even greater use of Colorado water, and the United States might lose much more than 1,500,000 acre-feet. The irrigating canals on both sides of the border, however, were now controlled by Americans. Without their consent Mexico could not increase her water use or even maintain the use she had built up since Hoover Dam. In the end the upper delegates adopted the State Department's proposal because they were determined to pin down Mexico's use by some treaty, and because they believed this particular treaty would do so without invading their own water rights. Arizona's reasons were more obscure. She claimed to share with California the river's unapportioned surplus, but this proposed treaty prac- tically wiped that out. Even during the negotiations with Mexico the Californians were unable to fight the proposed treaty. The affair had been treated as a military secret, and the government had repeatedly cautioned the committee against discussing the subject. Undoubt- edly it would have been unfortunate if the talks with Mexico had taken place against a background of California publicity, but at the same time this gag rule forced Californians to sit helplessly by while the treaty was concluded in the fall of 1943. In December the document — giving 1,500,000 acre-feet a year to Mexico — was submitted to the Colorado basin states. All ap- proved except California. As for Texas, her consent was not de- layed on a document which gave her a third of lower Rio Grande water with a guaranteed minimum of 350,000 acre-feet — enough to assure healthy development of key agricultural areas. From the time the Mexican treaty was signed and announced on February 3, 1944, California roared its opposition. The secret 251 was now out, and the state threw off its gag and pitched in with arms flailing. Since ratification by the United States Senate was needed to put the instrument into effect, California marshaled her weapons for a showdown in Washington. The Metropolitan Water District promptly got out an elabo- rate brochure damning the agreement; on its back cover were photographs of Southern California city and farm scenes — all being covered up by a grasping hand labeled "Mexican Treaty." Leading newspapers thundered that California had been "sold down the river," that precious Colorado water had been bar- gained off to get Rio Grande benefits for Texas, that Arizona and the upper states had deliberately knifed California. Whether true or not, the charges were effective. A tremendous weight of California public opinion was whipped up against the treaty. Los Angeles, warned that every added acre-foot for Mex- ico meant a loss of five persons for the city's ultimate population, was pinched in a vulnerable spot ; she promptly became the head- quarters of opposition. Senators Hiram Johnson and Sheridan Downey pledged an unyielding fight when the document came before the upper house. Even the state of Nevada, whose stake of 300,000 acre-feet in the river was comparatively safe, joined California in denouncing the Mexican settlement. With the treaty thus becoming a political hot potato, the Sen- ate viewed it with a cautious eye and evidently decided to post- pone action until after the 1944 elections. For several months the battle of words raged on. By midsummer the treaty advocates had become alarmed at the California clamor and organized for the campaign. Meeting in Santa Fe, the states of Texas, Arizona, and the upper basin struck back with a resolution against "the aggressive and unrestrained activities of those whose opposition to the treaty appears to result from a selfish and misguided local interest." California was soon facing more formidable odds than a hand- ful of Western states. By early 1945 public sentiment in the East largely favored the Mexican treaty as a necessary earnest of American good-neighborliness. California was regarded as a selfish child which would not subordinate its wishes to the wel- fare of the family. "If Senator Johnson got the necessary votes to kill off the 252 treaty," said the New York Post, "it would be a famous victory for California citrus growers, but it would be a stunning blow tp United States-Mexican amity." "It is not quite clear," agreed the Baltimore Sun, "how Cali- fornia would deny Mexico's claim other than by brandishing the might of the United States over Mexico's head." Here was the chief weakness in California's stand: her cam- paign for defeat of the Mexican treaty carried no practical al- ternative. To reopen negotiations with Mexico toward a water reduction could only make America appear to be "beating down" its weaker neighbor. Most opinion seemed to agree with the news commentator who declared that the treaty "would merit favor- able action by the Senate even if it means a real sacrifice on our part." California, however, failed to see the justice in sacrificing water from the one section of the nation which needed it most. On January 22, 1945, hearings began before the Senate For- eign Relations Committee, with resolute Tom Connally of Texas holding the strategic position of chairman. For a full month the proceedings were mainly a duel between him and a parade of California witnesses. During most of the sessions the only other member of the huge committee present was venerable Hiram Johnson of California; his sharp-witted colleague, Senator Sheri- dan Downey, called it one of the most "distinguished and intelli- gent" but also "the most absent" body he had ever addressed. The room was filled, however, with other interested senators and water men from Colorado states, including the spokesman for the upper basin, the resourceful Senator Eugene Millikin of Colo- rado. With the treaty's proponents, glowering old Senator Johnson was unrelenting. A fervid American patriot, he could not under- stand how United States officials could voluntarily give American water to Mexico. His course of attack in questioning the govern- ment witnesses never departed from two basic points: i. "Do you feel that you are representing Mexico or the United States?" 2. "Are you seeking to destroy Boulder Dam?" But those who recalled the powerful figure of the 19205 who had rocked the Senate with his Boulder Canyon battle could see that the old tigerlike agility at cross-examination had faded. Late in February 1 945 the entire Foreign Relations Committee 253 assembled long enough to vote an overwhelming approval of the Mexican treaty. Connally and Millikin had won their first round, and now guided it onto the Senate floor for debate. There the Californians, backed by the Nevada senators, launched a furious opposition. Leading them was Sheridan Downey, a Democrat bold enough to oppose the Administration on Western water matters. Realizing early in April that the treaty was destined for passage, Downey and Hiram Johnson offered twenty-nine reservations — enough to change the whole complexion of the document. They were quickly attacked by Connally and Millikin, who told the Senate that the Californians were simply trying to smother the treaty with amendments. But through many days of floor debate one argument of Downey's received no adequate answer. Provision had not been made in the treaty, he pointed out, concerning the quality of the water delivered. State Department officials had assured Colo- rado basin states that no American projects would ever suffer from the Mexican burden, as their "return flow" (the water seep- ing back into the river) would always be enough to satisfy the 1,500,000 acre-feet. But return water, insisted Downey, becomes increasingly loaded with alkali from the soil, and would almost certainly be worthless for irrigation in Mexico. Could she not, he demanded, ask that the United States send down enough fresh water to dilute the return flow and make it usable? State Depart- ment officials had largely evaded the question in committee hear- ings, except to say that Mexico understood the provisions of the treaty, which were framed to protect the United States from any responsibility for the quality of water. Here was a vulnerable point, and Downey attacked it unmerci- fully. On April 12, Arizona's tall and rugged Senator Ernest W. McFarland was making his chief pro-treaty speech. The Califor- nian interrupted to inquire whether he believed "that the pend- ing treaty means that Mexico must take water regardless of qual- ity ... ?" "Yes, I think so," returned McFarland.
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https://github.com/abidingabi/ftc_app/blob/master/FTCDashboard/dash/src/reducers/config.js
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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BSD-3-Clause
| 2,018 |
ftc_app
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abidingabi
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JavaScript
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Code
| 34 | 83 |
import { RECEIVE_CONFIG } from '../actions/config';
const initialState = {};
const config = (state = initialState, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case RECEIVE_CONFIG:
return action.data;
default:
return state;
}
};
export default config;
| 27,702 |
https://github.com/innerverse/twilio-video.js/blob/master/src/twilio-video.js
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference, MIT, BSD-3-Clause
| 2,016 |
twilio-video.js
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innerverse
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JavaScript
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Code
| 66 | 149 |
/*! ${name}.js ${version}
#include "LICENSE.md"
*/
/* eslint strict:0 */
(function(root) {
var Video = require('./twilio-video-bundle');
/* globals define */
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
define([], function() { return Video; });
} else {
var Twilio = root.Twilio = root.Twilio || {};
Twilio.Video = Twilio.Video || Video;
}
})(typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : typeof global !== 'undefined' ? global : this);
| 42,622 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58080118
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
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Stack Exchange
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Itachi Uchiwa, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6864265, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8950365, rafix07
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English
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Spoken
| 336 | 740 |
How Can I initialize a vector of integers directly from a range of elements denoted by input-stream-iterators?
Again reading C++ Primer 5th Edition: I am practicing stream iterators. Here is an example I can't really understand:
In the book there's an example like this:
std::istream_iterator<int> in_iter(std::cin), eof;
std::vector<int> vec;
while (in_iter != eof) vec.push_back(*in_iter++);
std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
std::copy(vec.cbegin(), vec.cend(),
std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
This program is to read a sequence of integers from the input stream using npput stream iterator into a vector, sort them then copy them into output stream using an output stream iterator.
I wan't to change a bit the code: The fact that a vector is a container that can be constructed from a range of elements denoted by two iterators thus I've done this:
std::vector<int> vi(std::istream_iterator<int>(std::cin), std::istream_iterator<int>()); // error here?!
//std::copy(iit, off, std::back_inserter(vi));
std::sort(vi.begin(), vi.end()); // error?
std::copy(vi.cbegin(), vi.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, ", ")); // error?
However the initialization of vi flags an error: Severity Code Description Project File Line Suppression State
Error (active) expression must have class type.
However If I change it to uniform-initialize the Off-End iterator in vi constructor it works just fine!:
std::vector<int> vi(std::istream_iterator<int>(cin), std::istream_iterator<int>{}); // works fine!?
** In fact this:
std::vector<int> vi(std::istream_iterator<int>(std::cin), std::istream_iterator<int>()); // error here?!
Doesn't flag an error but the copy algorithm does. Because I think there's something wrong inside the vector? After all can you explain me what does this vector have?
@rafix07 Why you've flagged it as a duplicate? It contains some part that is not found the link you marked as duplicate: The program runs fine if I uniform-initialize to the vector: std::vector<int> vi(std::istream_iterator<int>(cin), std::istream_iterator<int>{});.
because uniform initialization was introduced to avoid problems with most vexing parse (read more here). It is easy to pair both things up.
@rafix07: I got it now thanx. So I've tried to use typeid on that initialization: cout << typeid(vector<int>()).name() << endl; The result I get: class std::vector<int, class std::allocator<int> > __cdecl(void) which is a function while cout << typeid(vector<int>{}).name() << endl; // class std::vector<int, class std::allocator<int> >.
| 14,980 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21387236
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Wikidata
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Arachnophroctonus
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| 3,667 |
https://openalex.org/W2008699713
|
OpenAlex
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Open Science
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Public Domain
| 1,913 |
ON THE CAUSE OF THE PERSISTENCE OF GONORRHEAL VULVOVAGINITIS IN CHILDREN
|
I.C. Rubin
|
English
|
Spoken
| 3,443 | 4,966 |
I. C. RUBIN, M.D., and J. S. LEOPOLD, M.D.
NEW
YORK
INTRODUCTION I. C. RUBIN, M.D., and J. S. LEOPOLD, M.D. NEW
YORK
INTRODUCTION The general disappointment encountered by most clinicians and
specialists, with the therapy of gonorrheal vulvovaginitis in children, as
well as the great diversity of opinions in regard to the possibility of
ultimate cure of this infection in infants, have prompted us to make the
present investigation. On the one hand, the disease is treated so lightly
by some pediatrists that one is led to believe a case of gonorrheal vulvo-
vaginitis can be cured in a very short while by a few applications of
some antiseptic solution. While others assert that it may persist for
eight or nine years and may be refractory to all treatment, and even last
throughout a lifetime. (Epstein, Kakels, Cora Hamilton.) g
( p
,
,
)
The great diversity of opinion may be explained in several ways. (1)
Observers have not had the opportunity to control their cases for a suffi-
ciently long time. (2) The rules to determine whether a child is cured
have not been established. (3) Insufficient attention has been paid to
the anatomic and histologie structure and relations of the parts
con¬
cerned. (4) Owing to the delicate construction of the parts, direct
examination has not been practiced except in few instances. p
p
To obviate these difficulties it was in the first place necessary to have
material for study so grouped and isolated as to keep the patients under
continuous surveillance for a number of years. Most of the cases in the
literature have been concerned with ambulatory, non-dependable dis¬
pensary patients, or patients in hospitals designed for the treatment of
acute cases only. It would seem, therefore, that children who are kept
under observation for periods varying from one to six years would be
best suited for the study. The number of cases investigated by us is
fifty, all of whom have been under extended observation and under
various treatment, including vaccine treatment. Gonorrheal infection in adult females, as is well known, has a strong
tendency to become chronic. For obvious reasons it is much more difficult
to eradicate the disease in women than it is in men. For anatomic
reasons the disease is apt to be more acute in children than in women and
also more persistent. Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 I. C. RUBIN, M.D., and J. S. LEOPOLD, M.D.
NEW
YORK
INTRODUCTION The parts involved are more susceptible in children
because of the delicate epithelium of the vulva, vagina and urethra. In
the adult female, the attack may start as a urethritis alone, or a vaginitis
alone, and then spread in
a descending or ascending direction. The Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 extension may, however, be curtailed by treatment. In the female infant
or little girl, a very small quantity of gonorrheal pus may at the same
time inoculate the urethra, vulva and hymen. The hymen does not form
the effectual barrier that is maintained for it by some authors, as, e. g.,
Dudley. It is closed or atresic in very rare instances, and therefore cannot
be expected to prevent the deeper invasion by the gonococcus infection
toward the cervix. That this actually occurs in the great majority of
cases has been proved by our investigation. p
y
g
Most stress is usually laid
on the vulvovaginitis. Few clinicians
mention the status of the cervix, or the corpus, although some authorities
(Scholtz) declare the cervix to be immune from attack, as opposed to
conditions in adults. We suspected that this was not altogether true
and that the infection is deeper and is lodged in parts not accessible to
medication. AVith this end in view we determined to examine by direct
inspection the cervix uteri in all children treated for gonorrheal vulvo¬
vaginitis. The direct method of electric lighted female urethroscope
(Low'enstein) in three sizes was employed for the study. (It is well to
mention that Kelly, Koplik, Bandler and others, had previously used a
urethroscope with reflected light.) p
g
)
It is interesting here to note that there are few accurate data in
medical literature regarding the position, size and conformation of the
cervix uteri or vagina in small children or infants. With the aid of the
speculum it was possible to note the condition of the vagina and the
vaginal portion of the cervix and the external os, under normal and
abnormal conditions. Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 METHOD OF EXAMINATION The urethroscope offers an excellent opportunity for the study of the
cervix. Its application is easy. The little patient is placed in the dorsal
position, with hips slightly elevated on a cushion or douche pan; both
legs are supported by the nurse or attendant. It is preferable to use a
small table, so that the nurse alone can control the patient. It is advisable
not to exhibit the apparatus before the child. All preparations should be
made so that the patient cannot see what is going on. After reassuring
the patient the parts are gently cleansed. The proper size of urethroscope
for the size and age of the child should be chosen. One should watch
the straining efforts of the child, spread the labia and observe how wide
the hymen opens. No lubricant is used, in order that the amount of pus
may be accurately determined. Older children may be asked to bear
down. The tube with obturator is introduced as far as it will go. This
is often the full length of the instrument. Gradually it may be with¬
drawn until one of the cervical lips is encountered; the vaginal portion may then be manipulated into the tube.1
To determine the condition of
the superficial part of the vagina, the instrument may be introduced
slowly from just within the hymen till the cervix is reached. By this
method we are also able to say exactly whether the cervix is or is not
involved. The examination itself is exceedingly easy. In some children one or
several drops of blood, due to the abrasions of the eroded surface, may be
marked. This is apt to occur when the little patient is restless or strains. The introduction of the instrument should not occasion trauma, pain
or hemorrhage, provided the proper sized instrument is chosen. The size
depends more on the patency of the hymen than on the caliber of the
vagina, as the hymen is the more variable structure. The superficial
examination of the vaginal introitus is scarcely sufficient to determine the
presence of an infectious process, even if cultures are made, for there are
remissions when pus is held back in the deepest portion of the vagina. 1. The length of the vagina from the hymen to the vaginal portion of the cervix
measures in children from 1 to 6 years from 1\m=1/2\to 21/4
inches. METHOD OF EXAMINATION pus
p
po t o
ag a
One of the first
cases examined by us revealed the striking phe¬
nomenon that the condition of the valvar orifice was by no means indi¬
cative of the amount of invasion. The following is a type : A. C, aged 3 years, was sick two years and under treatment of various kinds. On inspection there was
seen externally
a moist vulvar orifice; there was not
sufficient discharge to make a smear. In the vagina there were seen drops oí pus
or muco-pus, scattered over various parts of both walls; occasionally a hemor¬
rhagic spot, and almost invariably a smaller or greater collection of pus or muco-
pus, in or around the cervix, the os being bathed in it. In other instances, especially when pus was more abundant externally,
the amount of pus in the deepest part of the vagina was proportionately
large. In the majority of these little patients the vaginal portion of the
cervix seemed to bear the brunt of the infection. Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 ANATOMIC
FINDINGS The Vagina.—In the majority of patients, the vaginal mucosa shows
the columna rugae. The normal non-infected vagina is pink and is slightly
moist. Under pathologic circumstances the appearance varies from
a
congestion, which may be scattered
or general, to small hemorrhagic
areas, and even small ulcérations. Occasionally there are small cryptic
recesses or pockets containing a drop of pus, and here and there an occa¬
sional adhesion. The adhesions are usually associated with the crypt
formation, and are most prominent at the vault of the vagina, or near
the vaginal portion of the cervix. It is highly probable that stenosis of
the vagina in the adult is a result of a similar, if not the same process. g
,
p
In view* of the findings in the vaginal mucosa, there can be no ques¬
tion of a true vaginitis. The vaginitis is indeed a constant lesion in the gonorrheal infection of children. The pathologic lesion in the vagina is,
however, moderate in extent as compared to that of the cervix. ,
p
The Cervix.—The cervix normally varies considerably in shape and
appearance. The size is fairly constant. We have noted that some
children of iy2 years have
as large a cervix as children of six years. This confirms Bayers' anatomic studies. It may be added further in
this connection, that though the cervix in infants and small children
equals, if not exceeds, the corpus uteri in size, it is poorer in blood-supply
(Poirier). It is only at the menstrual epoch that the cervix takes on a
greater blood-supply (Bayer). These anatomic facts are of significance
in their bearing on the evolution of the disease, as well as on the effect of
treatment. Occasionally the anterior lip is very poorly developed and appears as
a mere anterior ridge; while in some cases it appears hypertrophied and
forms a distinct fornix. The posterior lip is usually the smaller. The
cervix in the great majority of cases is directed backward ; in some cases
it appears to have a horizontal position. In the latter cases it is some¬
what difficult to get the vaginal portion of the cervix into the field of
vision. To succeed, the instrument is introduced as far as it will go and
then tilted backward and forward. 3. This condition sometimes persists in adult life.
I have seen it in a married
woman who consulted me for sterility.
(I. C. R.) 2. This has been observed in multiparous women when the Kelly speculum was
used.
i Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 ANATOMIC
FINDINGS It may not be out of place in this
connection to point out, that inasmuch as both walls of the vagina in
the infant are in close contact, a dimple appearing at the distal end of
the speculum may be mistaken for the cervical os.2
This is particularly
apt to be deceptive when pus or muco-pus is present. p
p
p
p
p
While the surface epithelium of the portio vaginalis is in
some
instances smooth, a varying number of depressions are sometimes seen
which resemble the scars of a multiparious woman. On the other hand,
the same conformation which obtains in the vagina may be evident at
the external os, and to an exaggerated degree. In the latter case the
vaginal portion of the cervix presents a lobulated appearance.3
In a few
instances in which the mucosa was smooth, there was an ectropion of
the cervical mucosa and posterior lip resembling an erosion as seen in the
adult. Mucus and muco-pus are seen in the crypts, between the folds
and covering a greater or lesser portion of the orifice. g
g
p
The external os is of two varieties, (1) circular, (2) elliptical, or
transverse. In either ease it is a small aperture that admits of a very
small probe. Only occasionally was the opening large enough to admit
the point of a lead pencil. In no case was any attempt made to introduce
a sound beyond the external os. Furthermore, it is not justifiable because the manipulation is necessarily a blind one and may result in the exten¬
sion of the infection. Infection of the Cervical Canal.—We have repeatedly seen pus and
muco-pus escape from the external os after the vaginal portion was wiped
clean by swabs. In some cases due either to treatment or to the mildness
of the infection, deep inspection revealed only a bead of pus at an angle
of
a transverse-shaped external os, or a drop of muco-pus within the
round orifice. In these cases cleansing of the vaginal portion failed to
reveal an escape of discharge from deeper parts. In the few normal
children we examined by means of the urethroscope we failed to find
evidence of the so-called mucus plug within the cervix, as claimed by B. Wallace Hamilton. There was simply a slight amount of moisture of
the vagina and of the vaginal portion of the cervix. ANATOMIC
FINDINGS With experience we
could say definitely whether a child had gonorrheal infection without
resorting to cultures. g
In cases in which only a slight amount of discharge was found at the
vulval orifice, and particularly around the clitoris, and where the micro¬
scopical examination simply showed detritus and epithelial cells and no
true pus, deep inspection showed no inflammation. The discharge in
these instances consists of sebaceous secretion, smegma and the products
of uncleanliness. The presence of pus at the vaginal orifice may, as a
rule, be taken to signify an inflammatory process involving deeper parts
than are apparent to the naked eye. By means of the electric lighted
instrument (female urethroscope), direct and definite evidence may be
obtained of the vagina and the vaginal portion of the cervix, including
the external os. This should be a requisite in the physical examination
of children for the purpose of admission to hospitals and asylums. ownloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT Asylum children and those kept in hospital wards run a more chronic
course, owing mostly to repeated inoculation, and on account of their
lower resistance. Where the epidemic embraces a score or more of chil¬
dren the treatment becomes a very difficult task. Not only the problem
of isolation, but the time required to care for them make the chances for
cure more remote. Children in private families have for this reason a
better prognosis. p g
It is unnecessary to summarize all the therapeutic measures that have
been employed to combat this disease. The various methods are described
in the admirable article by Cora Hamilton. More recently serology has
been drawn on in the hope of finding a specific cure. The reports on the
results with the use of vaccines have been numerous ; these, however, with
few exceptions (B. W. Hamilton), are pessimistic. p
(
)
p
The subjects of our inquiry have been submitted, in the past three
years, to all known therapeutic remedies. There have been occasions Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 during the periods under which our little patients were observed when
the energetic use of irrigations has been rewarded by the absence of
discharge. The additional external application of ointment, for the
associated dermatitis, also seemed to clear up the condition. This cure
was, however, only apparent and temporary. When the children were
allowed to leave the bed or when treatment was suspended the discharge
returned. A similar experience was met with when yeast was used, either
by suppository or by tamponade. Vaccines proved to be of practically no
value, whether used alone or in conjunction with other measures.4 It is
no wonder that some observers have abandoned all treatment. Dr. Anna
W. Williams, Rothschild and others, for instance, believe that rest alone
can accomplish as much, if not more, than all other treatment. Roths¬
child urges that no local injection be used, but that at most one should
cleanse the external genitals and give santal oil. g
g
Rest is an undisputed factor in all treatment, but it cannot be wholly
depended on to cure such an obstinate infection as gonorrheal vaginitis. We have shown that the infection involves the vagina and the vaginal
portion of the cervix. Keeping the external genitals clean as the sole
therapeutic measure, is obviously not to be recommended. 4. We are indebted to Dr. W. J. Wile of Ann Arbor, by whom the vaccine work
was done. Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015 PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT p
,
y
Realizing the general failure obtained by subcutaneous injections of
antigonococcus serum and vaccines, we endeavored to procure a specific
serum which should be applied locally instead of acting through the
blood-stream. Through the kindness of Dr. M. Nicoll, Jr., we were able
to employ a polyvalent antigonococcus serum in two cases. By means of
the urethroscope we were able to introduce from 1 to iy2 and 3 c.c. of the
serum which was retained by plain gauze packing. The packing was left
in place for twenty-four to forty-eight hours, when it was changed and
cultures were made both from the gauze and from the vaginal secretions. The result did not satisfy our expectations. Tamponade of the vagina
is not an advisable procedure for the reason that the gauze acquires a foul
smell. The serum proved to be an excellent medium for bacteria, without
having the antibactericidal effect on the gonococci. In later treatment
we simply poured the serum into the vagina by means of the urethroscope
and only packed superficially. The children were also put back to bed
in a moderate Trendelenburg posture in order to secure the retention of
the serum. The results obtained by this change were no better. y
g
It is not likely that vaccines or serums injected subcutaneously can
ever have the anticipated good effect in the treatment of gonorrheal
vaginitis in infants and children. On the other hand, serum applied
locally must also fail, because it cannot reach the bacteria in the sub-
epithelial tissues. These considerations at once indicate the necessity of a more active
and a more persistent therapy, and this in general should be similar to
the treatment of gonorrhea in the adult. A few suggestions derived from
our study may be of help in the treatment of gonorrheal vaginitis. y
y
p
g
g
1. It is important to determine the extent of the deep lesion before
any active treatment is begun. For this purpose the electric lighted
female urethroscope should be employed. p
p y
2. By means of the same instrument appropriate medication can be
carried out. 3. When irrigations are resorted to the douche tip or catheter should
enter the vagina at least \x/2 inches. g
4. Applications by
means
of
swabs used
alone
are
useless
and
injurious. j
5. PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT When strong silver solutions are applied to the cervix and vagina
it is well to keep the patient in bed for a few days. 261 Central Park West—701 Madison Avenue. SUMMARY From our investigation, the cause of the chronicity of the gonorrheal
infection in children as compared to that in adults lies in several factors : p
1. The invasion is more violent and more extensive owing to (a) the
close proximity of the portals of entry; (b) the tender
mucosa and
epidermis. p
1. The invasion is more violent and more extensive owing to (a) the
close proximity of the portals of entry; (b) the tender
mucosa and
epidermis. p
2. Once started, the infection practically develops as in a closed tube. This is not due to the valve-like closure made by the hymen, but to the
construction of the perineum, and the external and internal genitals. Each segment of the vagina from the most superficial to the deepest part
serves as a valve to dam back the discharge. This is due to the fact that
the vaginal walls are in close contact and do not permit of natural and
easy drainage. y
g
3. Crypts and adhesions in which bacteria lodge form in the vaginal
mucosa. 4. The vaginal portion of the cervix shows the deepest changes and is
at the same time in the most disadvantageous position for drainage and
for treatment. 4. The vaginal portion of the cervix shows the deepest changes and is
at the same time in the most disadvantageous position for drainage and
for treatment. 261 Central Park West—701 Madison Avenue. Downloaded From: http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/ by a New York University User on 05/13/2015
| 34,372 |
https://github.com/nec-baas/baas-client-ios/blob/master/nebulaIosSdk/NBObjectBucketManager.m
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-2-Clause
| 2,018 |
baas-client-ios
|
nec-baas
|
Objective-C
|
Code
| 90 | 363 |
//
// NBObjectBucketManager.m
//
// COPYRIGHT (C) 2014 NEC CORPORATION
//
#import "Headers/NBObjectBucketManager.h"
#import "Headers/NBObjectBucket.h"
@implementation NBObjectBucketManager
static NBObjectBucketManager *singleInstance = nil;
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark public methods
+ (NBObjectBucketManager *)sharedInstance {
static dispatch_once_t once;
dispatch_once(&once, ^{
// allocが実行されるとallocWithZoneが実行され、そちらでsingleInstanceに代入されるので、
// ここではsharedInstanceに代入しない
(void)[[self alloc] init];
});
return singleInstance;
}
- (NBObjectBucket *)bucketWithName:(NSString *)bucketName {
return [[NBObjectBucket alloc] initWithBucketName:bucketName];
}
+ (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
// 既にインスタンス化されている状態でallocがコールされたら
// 生成済みのインスタンスを返すようにする
static dispatch_once_t once;
dispatch_once(&once, ^{
singleInstance = [super allocWithZone:zone];
});
return singleInstance;
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
return [[self class] sharedInstance];
}
@end
| 49,038 |
https://github.com/JimWilcox3/MvvmCross/blob/master/MvvmCross.Plugins/FieldBinding/MvxChainedNotifyChangeFieldSourceBinding.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MS-PL
| null |
MvvmCross
|
JimWilcox3
|
C#
|
Code
| 345 | 1,144 |
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MS-PL license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using MvvmCross.Binding;
using MvvmCross.Binding.Bindings.Source;
using MvvmCross.Binding.Bindings.Source.Construction;
using MvvmCross.Binding.Parse.PropertyPath.PropertyTokens;
using MvvmCross.Converters;
namespace MvvmCross.Plugin.FieldBinding
{
[Preserve(AllMembers = true)]
public class MvxChainedNotifyChangeFieldSourceBinding
: MvxNotifyChangeFieldSourceBinding
{
public static bool DisableWarnIndexedValueBindingWarning = false;
private readonly List<MvxPropertyToken> _childTokens;
private IMvxSourceBinding _currentChildBinding;
public MvxChainedNotifyChangeFieldSourceBinding(object source, INotifyChange notifyChange,
List<MvxPropertyToken> childTokens)
: base(source, notifyChange)
{
_childTokens = childTokens;
if (!DisableWarnIndexedValueBindingWarning)
WarnIfChildTokensSuspiciousOfIndexedValueBinding();
UpdateChildBinding();
}
private void WarnIfChildTokensSuspiciousOfIndexedValueBinding()
{
if (_childTokens == null || _childTokens.Count < 2)
return;
var firstAsName = _childTokens[0] as MvxPropertyNamePropertyToken;
if (firstAsName == null || firstAsName.PropertyName != "Value")
return;
var secondAsIndexed = _childTokens[1] as MvxIndexerPropertyToken;
if (secondAsIndexed == null)
return;
MvxPluginLog.Instance?.Log(LogLevel.Warning,
"Suspicious indexed binding seen to Value[] within INC binding - this may be OK, but is often a result of FluentBinding used on INC<T> - consider using INCList<TValue> or INCDictionary<TKey,TValue> instead - see https://github.com/slodge/MvvmCross/issues/353. This message can be disabled using DisableWarnIndexedValueBindingWarning");
}
protected override void NotifyChangeOnChanged(object sender, EventArgs eventArgs)
{
UpdateChildBinding();
FireChanged();
}
private IMvxSourceBindingFactory SourceBindingFactory => MvxBindingSingletonCache.Instance.SourceBindingFactory;
public override Type SourceType
{
get
{
if (_currentChildBinding == null)
return typeof(object);
return _currentChildBinding.SourceType;
}
}
protected void UpdateChildBinding()
{
if (_currentChildBinding != null)
{
_currentChildBinding.Changed -= ChildSourceBindingChanged;
_currentChildBinding.Dispose();
_currentChildBinding = null;
}
if (NotifyChange == null)
{
return;
}
var currentValue = NotifyChange.Value;
if (currentValue == null)
{
// value will be missing... so end consumer will need to use fallback values
return;
}
else
{
_currentChildBinding = SourceBindingFactory.CreateBinding(currentValue, _childTokens);
_currentChildBinding.Changed += ChildSourceBindingChanged;
}
}
private void ChildSourceBindingChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
FireChanged();
}
public override object GetValue()
{
if (_currentChildBinding == null)
{
return MvxBindingConstant.UnsetValue;
}
return _currentChildBinding.GetValue();
}
public override void SetValue(object value)
{
if (_currentChildBinding == null)
{
MvxPluginLog.Instance?.Log(LogLevel.Warning,
"SetValue ignored in binding - target property path missing");
return;
}
_currentChildBinding.SetValue(value);
}
protected override void Dispose(bool isDisposing)
{
if (isDisposing)
{
if (_currentChildBinding != null)
{
_currentChildBinding.Dispose();
_currentChildBinding = null;
}
}
base.Dispose(isDisposing);
}
}
}
| 21,968 |
US-201313863175-A_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,013 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,069 | 6,942 |
Dual lens structure for light fixtures
ABSTRACT
A dual lens structure includes an outer elongated lens segment that has a substantially dome-shaped cross-section. The outer elongated lens segment includes a first optical pattern. The dual lens structure also includes inner elongated lens segment that has a substantially bell-shaped cross-section. The inner elongated lens segment includes a second optical pattern and is at least partially positioned within the outer elongated lens segment. The dual lens structure further includes a first segment coupled to a first longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment and to a first longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment. The dual lens structure also includes a second segment coupled to a second longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment and to a second longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates generally to light fixture lenses, in particular to a dual lens structure for light fixtures.
BACKGROUND
A light fixture may have fluorescent lamps or linear light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source. Typically, light distribution from light fixtures that use fluorescent lamps or linear LED arrays is limited by the geometry of the light fixture. For example, in an uplight fixture, louvers may be used to shape light from a light source of the fixture upwards. As another example, illumination of an area by a light fixture may be limited by a shape of a lens that surrounds a light source of the light fixture. The limitation on illumination by a light source may result in a need for additional light fixtures to illuminate an area. For example, light fixtures may need to be placed close to each other in order to provide a desired level of illumination, which in turn may result in the need for more light fixtures to adequately illuminate a particular area such as a hallway. The need for more light fixtures to provide a desired level of illumination may result in the increased cost of additional fixtures as well as higher installation and usage expenses.
Thus, a lens structure that provides improved illumination by a light fixture may enable a sparse placement of light fixtures and thereby reducing the cost of providing a desired level of illumination by using fewer light fixtures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Reference will now be made to the accompanying figures, which are not necessarily to scale, and wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a light fixture including a dual lens structure according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dual lens structure according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an outer lens of a dual lens structure according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an inner lens of a dual lens structure according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 5 illustrates an example comparison of photometric intensity plots of a light source with a dual lens structure and a light source with a typical single diffused lens;
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dual lens structure according to another example embodiment; and
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dual lens structure according to another example embodiment.
The drawings illustrate only example embodiments and are therefore not to be considered limiting in scope. The elements and features shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the example embodiments. Additionally, certain dimensions or placements may be exaggerated to help visually convey such principles. In the figures, reference numerals designate like or corresponding, but not necessarily identical, elements.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to a dual lens structure for light fixtures. In an example embodiment, a dual lens structure includes an outer elongated lens segment that has a substantially dome-shaped cross-section. The outer elongated lens segment includes a first optical pattern. The dual lens structure also includes inner elongated lens segment that has a substantially bell-shaped cross-section. The inner elongated lens segment includes a second optical pattern. The inner elongated lens segment is at least partially positioned within the outer elongated lens segment. The dual lens structure further includes a first segment coupled to a first longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment and to a first longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment. The dual lens structure also includes a second segment coupled to a second longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment and to a second longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment. The outer elongated lens segment, the inner elongated lens segment, the first segment, and the second segment are integrally formed.
In another example embodiment, a dual extruded lens includes an outer elongated lens that includes a first lens segment, a first flange, and a second flange. The first lens segment has a substantially dome-shaped cross-section and includes a first optical pattern. The first flange and the second flange extend out from opposite sides of the first lens segment. The dual extruded lens also includes an inner elongated lens that includes a second lens segment, a third flange, and a fourth flange. The second lens segment has a substantially bell-shaped cross-section and includes a second optical pattern. The third flange and the fourth flange extend out from opposite sides of the second lens segment. The second lens segment is at least partially positioned within the first lens segment. The third flange is coupled to the first flange. The fourth flange is coupled to the second flange.
In another example embodiment, a light fixture includes a light source and a dual lens structure. The dual lens structure includes an outer elongated lens that includes a first lens segment that has a substantially dome-shaped cross-section. The first lens segment includes a first optical pattern. The dual lens structure also includes an inner elongated lens that includes a second lens segment that has a substantially bell-shaped cross-section. The second lens segment includes a second optical pattern. The second lens segment is positioned at least partially within the outer elongated lens segment. The light source is positioned in the light fixture to direct light towards the second lens segment.
These and other aspects, objects, features, and embodiments will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
In the following paragraphs, example embodiments will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings. In the description, well known components, methods, and/or processing techniques are omitted or briefly described. Furthermore, reference to various feature(s) of the embodiments is not to suggest that all embodiments must include the referenced feature(s).
Turning now to the drawings, particular embodiments are described. FIG. 1 illustrates a light fixture including a dual lens structure according to an example embodiment. The light fixture 100 is operable to illuminate a space around the light fixture 100. The light fixture 100 includes a dual lens structure 102 and a fixture housing 104. The dual lens structure 102 includes an outer lens and an inner lens as described below. Each of the outer lens and the inner lens may have a corresponding optical pattern. For example, the outer lens may have an optical pattern 106. In an example embodiment, the optical pattern 106 may be a saw tooth pattern. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the dual lens structure 102 may be attached to the fixture housing 104. For example, the dual lens structure 102 may be attached to the fixture by one or more fasteners. FIG. 1 shows an illustrative cross-section of the dual lens structure 102 that is described below with respect to FIG. 2.
In an example embodiment, the fixture housing 104 includes a side panel 108 on each side of the light fixture 100, a first end panel 110, and a second end panel 112. The first end panel 110 is attached to each side panel 108 at a first end of the light fixture 100. The second end panel 112 is attached to each side panel 108 at a second end of the light fixture 100 opposite the first end. In an example embodiment, the first end panel 110 and the second end panel 112 may serve to enclose the dual lens structure 102 at the opposite ends of the dual lens structure 102.
In an example embodiment, the light fixture 100 includes a light source 114 that is positioned to direct light towards the dual lens structure 102 such that the light fixture 100 illuminates a space around the light fixture 100. For example, the light source 114 may extend substantially the entire length of the dual lens structure 102. In alternative embodiments, the light source 114 may extend for less than the entire length of the dual lens structure 102. In some example embodiments, the light source 114 may include one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) such as a light emitting diode (LED) array that includes, for example, a chip on board. A driver, such as an LED driver, that provides power to the light source 114 may be disposed within the fixture housing 104.
Although optical pattern 106 is shown on the outside surface of the outer lens of the dual lens structure 102, in alternative embodiments, the optical pattern 106 may be on an inside surface of the outer lens as described below. Further, the optical pattern 106 may be different than shown in FIG. 1. Further, although the light fixture 100 is shown as a downlight that may be attached to a structure such as a ceiling, in alternative embodiments, the light fixture 100 may be a different type of light fixture including a recessed light fixture. Alternatively, the light fixture 100 may also be an uplight configured to emit light primarily upwards relative to a position of the light fixture 100.
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dual lens structure 102 of FIG. 1 according to an example embodiment. The dual lens structure 102 includes an outer elongated lens segment 202, an inner elongated lens segment 204, a segment 206 and another segment 208. In an example embodiment, the outer elongated lens segment 202 may extend longitudinally between the first end panel 110 and the second end panel 112 of the fixture housing 104 of FIG. 1.
The outer elongated lens segment 202 has a substantially dome-shaped cross-section as illustrated in FIG. 2. The outer elongated lens segment 202 has a surface 210 and another surface 212 opposite the surface 210. The outer elongated lens segment 202 may include an optical pattern 214 on the surface 210. The optical pattern 214 is configured to increase light intensity in the distribution from a light source such as the light source 114 of FIG. 1. The optical pattern 214 may be only on a portion of the surface 210 as illustrated in FIG. 2. Alternatively, the optical pattern 214 may be on substantially the entire surface 210. In an example embodiment, the optical pattern 214 is a saw tooth pattern. In an example embodiment, the outer elongated lens segment 202 is a Fresnel lens.
In an example embodiment, the inner elongated lens segment 204 has a substantially bell-shaped cross-section as illustrated in FIG. 2. The inner elongated lens segment 204 may extend longitudinally between the first end panel 110 and the second end panel 112 of the fixture housing 104 of FIG. 1. For example, the inner elongated lens segment 204 may have substantially the same length as the outer elongated lens segment 202. Alternatively, the inner elongated lens segment 204 may be shorter or longer than the outer elongated lens segment 202.
The inner elongated lens segment 204 has a surface 216 and another surface 218 opposite the surface 216. The inner elongated lens segment 204 includes an optical pattern 220 that is on the surface 218. The optical pattern 220 is configured to increase light distribution from a light source such as the light source 114 of FIG. 1. In an example embodiment, the optical pattern 220 is a saw tooth pattern. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the optical pattern 220 may cover the entire surface 218. Alternatively, the optical pattern 220 may be on less than the entire surface 218. In an example embodiment, the inner elongated lens segment 204 is a Fresnel lens.
In an example embodiment, the inner elongated lens segment 204 is at least partially positioned within the outer elongated lens segment 202. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the inner elongated lens segment 204 may be substantially entirely within the outer elongated lens segment 202. In alternative embodiments, only a portion of the inner elongated lens segment 204 including the apex 224 of the inner elongated lens segment 204 may be positioned within the outer elongated lens segment 202.
In an example embodiment, the segment 206 is coupled to a longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment 202 and to a longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment 204. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the segment 206 may extend between a lower end portion of the outer elongated lens segment 202 and a lower end portion of the inner elongated lens segment 204 on one side of the dual lens structure 102. Similarly, the second segment 208 is coupled to the second longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment 202 and to the second longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment 204. The segment 208 may extend between a lower end portion of the outer elongated lens segment 202 and a lower end portion of the inner elongated lens segment 204 on another side of the dual lens structure 102. Each of the segment 206 and the segment 208 may extend longitudinally for the entire length of the dual lens structure 102. Alternatively, one or both of the segment 206 and the segment 208 may extend longitudinally for less than the entire length of the dual lens structure 102.
In an example embodiment, the outer elongated lens segment 202, the inner elongated lens segment 204, the first segment 206, and the second segment 208 are integrally formed. For example, the dual lens structure 102 may be made by extruding the outer elongated lens segment 202, the inner elongated lens segment 204, the first segment 206, and the second segment 208 as a single piece. To illustrate, the outer elongated lens segment 202, the inner elongated lens segment 204, the first segment 206, and the second segment 208 may be made from plastic that is be extruded to form the dual lens structure 102 as a single piece. Alternatively, the outer elongated lens segment 202, the inner elongated lens segment 204, the first segment 206, and the second segment 208 may be made from glass.
In an example embodiment, each of the outer elongated lens segment 202, the inner elongated lens segment 204, the first segment 206, and the second segment 208 may be extruded individually. The segment 206 may be attached to the outer elongated lens segment 202 and to the inner elongated lens segment 204 by one or more fasteners on one side of the dual lens structure 102. Similarly, the segment 208 may be attached to the outer elongated lens segment 202 and to the inner elongated lens segment 204 by one or more fasteners on another side of the dual lens structure 102. A fastener such as a screw and glue may be used to fixedly couple the segment 206 and the segment 208 to the outer elongated lens segment 202 and to the inner elongated lens segment 204.
In an example embodiment, the surface 212 of the outer elongated lens segment 202, the surface 218 of the inner elongated lens segment 204, a surface of the segment 206, and a surface of the segment 208 at least partially surround a hollow space 222. The hollow space 222 may be enclosed at the two longitudinal ends of the dual lens structure 102 by end panels, such as the end panels 110 and 112 of the fixture housing 104 of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the hollow space 222 may be enclosed at the two longitudinal ends of the dual lens structure 102 by panels that are part of the dual lens structure 102. In some example embodiments, the hollow space 222 may be filled with a gas other than air. Alternatively, the hollow space 222 may be filled with a liquid.
In an example embodiment, the dual lens structure 102 may be positioned over or under a light source within a light fixture. In particular, the inner elongated lens segment 204 may be positioned above or below a light source such that light from the light source is directed towards the surface 216 of the inner elongated lens segment 204. For example, the inner elongated lens segment 204 may be positioned under the light source 114 of FIG. 1. Light from the light source may pass through the surface 218 of the inner elongated lens segment 202 towards the outer elongated lens segment 202. The light that passes through the inner elongated lens segment 204 may be emitted through the surface 210 of the outer elongated lens segment 202. The combination of the outer elongated lens segment 202 and the inner elongated lens segment 204 along with their corresponding optical pattern 214 and 210 results in improved light distribution as compared to a typical lens.
By using the dual lens structure 102, distribution of light from a light source may be controlled to provide improved illumination of an area. The optical patterns 214 and 220 provide control over the light distribution and enhance illumination while avoiding limitations of light fixture components that may be traditionally used to control the light distribution. Because the dual lens structure 102 may be made from plastic by extrusion, cost of producing a light fixture such as the light fixture 100 may also be reduced relative to a light fixture that uses lenses that are made by other methods.
Although the outer elongated lens segment 202 is shown as having a substantially done-shaped cross-section, in alternative embodiments, the cross-section of the outer elongated lens segment 202 may have a different shape. Similarly, the inner elongated lens segment 204 may have a cross-section that is different from the substantially bell-shaped cross-section shown in FIG. 2. Although the optical pattern 214 and the optical pattern 220 are shown as saw tooth patterns, in alternative embodiments, the optical patterns 214 and 220 may be other patterns and different from each other. Further, although the optical pattern 214 is on the surface 210 of the outer elongated lens segment 202, in alternative embodiments, the optical pattern 214 may be on the surface 212 facing the surface 218 of the inner elongated lens segment 204.
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an outer elongated lens 300 of a dual lens structure according to an example embodiment. In an example embodiment, the outer elongated lens 300 along with an inner lens 400 described below with respect to FIG. 4 may be coupled to form a dual lens structure shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
In an example embodiment, the outer elongated lens 300 may extend longitudinally between the first and second side panels 110 and 112 of the fixture housing 104 of FIG. 1. The outer elongated lens 300 includes a lens segment 302, a flange 304, and a flange 306. The lens segment 302 has a substantially dome-shaped cross-section and includes an optical pattern 312. The lens segment 302 has a surface 308 and another surface 310. The optical pattern 312 may be on the surface 308. The optical pattern 312 is configured to increase light distribution. For example, the optical pattern 312 may be a saw tooth pattern as shown in FIG. 2 or another pattern that increases light distribution. In some example embodiments, the optical pattern 312 may be on the surface 310 instead of on the surface 308. In some example embodiments, the lens segment 302 may correspond to the outer elongated lens segment 202 of FIG. 2.
In an example embodiment, the flange 304 and the flange 306 extend out from opposite sides of the lens segment 302. The flange 304 extends inwards on a longitudinal side of the lens segment 302 towards the flange 306. Similarly, the flange 306 extends inwards on another longitudinal side of the lens segment 302 towards the flange 304. In an example embodiment, the flange 304 includes an elevated segment 314 and a lower segment 316. Similarly, the flange 306 includes an elevated segment 318 and a lower segment 320. The elevated segments 314, 318 and the lower segments 316 and 320 may be designed to receive flanges of an inner lens as described below. In some example embodiments, the flange 304 and the flange 306 may extend longitudinally for the entire length of the lens segment 302. Alternatively, one or both of the flange 304 and the flange 306 may extend for less than the entire length of the lens segment 302.
In an example embodiment, the outer elongated lens 300 may be made from plastic or glass. For example, the outer elongated lens 300 may be made as a single piece by extrusion.
Although FIG. 3 shows the lens segment 302 as having a substantially dome-shaped cross section, in alternative embodiments, the cross section of the lens segment 302 may have another shape. Further, in some alternative embodiments, the flanges 304 and 306 may have a single segment or more than two segments and may also extend out away from each other instead of towards each other.
FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an inner elongated lens 400 of a dual lens structure according to an example embodiment. In an example embodiment, the inner elongated lens 400 is coupled with the outer elongated lens 300 of FIG. 3 to form a dual lens structure. The inner elongated lens 400 includes a lens segment 402, a flange 404, and another flange 406. The lens segment 402 has a substantially bell-shaped cross-section and includes an optical pattern 412. The optical pattern 412 is configured to increase light distribution. For example, the optical pattern 412 may be a saw tooth pattern. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the lens segment 402 may be at least partially positioned within the first lens segment 302 of FIG. 3. In some example embodiments, the lens segment 402 may correspond to the inner elongated lens segment 204 of FIG. 2.
In an example embodiment, the flange 404 and the flange 406 extend out from opposite sides of the lens segment 402. The flange 404 extends outwardly on a longitudinal side of the lens segment 402 away from the flange 406. Similarly, the flange 406 extends outwardly on another longitudinal side of the lens segment 402 away from the flange 404. In an example embodiment, the flange 404 includes a lower segment 414 and an elevated segment 416. Similarly, the flange 406 includes a lower segment 418 and an elevated segment 420. The elevated segment 416 is configured to be positioned on the lower segment 316 of the flange 304 of FIG. 3. Similarly, the elevated segment 420 is configured to be positioned on the lower segment 320 of the flange 306 of FIG. 3. In some example embodiments, the flange 404 and the flange 406 may extend longitudinally for the entire length of the lens segment 402. Alternatively, one or both of the flange 304 and the flange 306 may extend for less than the entire length of the lens segment 302.
In an example embodiment, the inner elongated lens 400 may be coupled to the outer elongated lens 300. To illustrate, the inner elongated lens 400 may be slid in position at a longitudinal end of the outer elongated lens 300. Once the elevated segment 416 of the flange 404 is positioned on the lower segment 316 of the flange 304, and once the elevated segment 420 of the flange 406 is positioned on the lower segment 320 of the flange 306, the inner elongated lens 400 may be fastened to the outer elongated lens 300 by fastening the corresponding flanges using fasteners. Alternatively, one or more clips may be used, for example, at the longitudinal ends of the inner elongated lens 400 and the outer elongated lens 300 to couple the outer elongated lens 300 to the inner elongated lens 400.
Although FIG. 4 shows the lens segment 402 as having a substantially bell-shaped cross section, in alternative embodiments, the cross section of the lens segment 402 may have another shape. Further, in some alternative embodiments, the flanges 404 and 406 may have a single segment or more than two segments.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example comparison of photometric intensity plots of a light source with a dual lens structure, such as the dual lens structure 102, and a light source with a typical single diffused lens. The curve 502 indicates a luminous intensity of a light source that uses a typical diffused lens. The curve 504 illustrates a luminous intensity of a light source that uses a dual lens structure, such as the dual lens structure 102 of FIGS. 1 and 2. As can be seen in FIG. 5, curve 504 illustrates that the luminous intensity of the light from the light source can be much greater when using the dual lens structure and when using a typical diffused lens. By properly orienting light fixtures that have dual lens structures, fewer light fixtures may be used as compared to the number of light fixtures that use a diffused lens.
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dual lens structure 600 according to another example embodiment. The dual lens structure 600 may be used in a light fixture, such as the light fixture 100 of FIG. 1, in manner described above with respect to the dual lens structure 102. The dual lens structure 600 includes a lens segment 602, a flange 606, and a flange 608 that make up an outer elongated lens, such as the outer elongated lens 300 of FIG. 3. The dual lens structure 600 also includes a lens segment 604, a flange 610, and a flange 612 that form an inner elongated lens such as the inner elongated lens 400 of FIG. 4. In an example embodiment, the dual lens structure 600 may be made from plastic or glass.
In an example embodiment, the lens segment 602 includes an optical pattern 622. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the optical pattern 622 is a smooth spline pattern that is different from the saw tooth pattern shown in FIG. 3. The optical pattern 622 is on a surface 614 of the lens segment 602 that faces an area to be illuminated. The lens segment 604 includes an optical pattern 624. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the optical pattern 624 is a smooth spline pattern that is different from the saw tooth pattern shown in FIG. 4. The optical pattern 624 is on a surface 618 of the lens segment 604 that faces a surface 616 of the lens segment 602. In some example embodiments, one or both of the optical pattern 622 and the optical pattern 624 may be a different pattern, such as the saw tooth pattern shown in FIG. 2. Light from a light source may be directed to the surface 620 of the lens segment 604 in a manner described above with respect to FIG. 2.
In an example embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the flanges 610 and 612 are positioned on the flanges 606 and 608, respectively. The lens segment 602 and the lens segment 604 along with the flanges 606, 608, 610, and 612 at least partially surround a hollow space 626.
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dual lens structure 600 according to another example embodiment. The dual lens structure 600 includes the lens segment 602, the flange 606, and the flange 608. The dual lens structure 600 also includes the lens segment 604, the flange 610, and the flange 612. An optical pattern 702 is on the surface 616 of the lens segment 602 facing the surface 618 of the lens segment 604. The optical pattern 624 is on the surface 618. Both the optical pattern 622 and the optical pattern 624 are smooth spline patterns. In alternative embodiments, one or both of the optical pattern 702 and the optical pattern 624 may be a different pattern, such as the saw tooth pattern shown in FIG. 2.
Although particular embodiments have been described herein in detail, the descriptions are by way of example. The features of the embodiments described herein are representative and, in alternative embodiments, certain features, elements, and/or steps may be added or omitted. Additionally, modifications to aspects of the embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims, the scope of which are to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass modifications and equivalent structures.
What is claimed is:
1. A dual lens structure, comprising: an outer elongated lens segment having a substantially dome-shaped cross-section, wherein the outer elongated lens segment includes a first optical pattern; and an inner elongated lens segment having a substantially bell-shaped cross-section, wherein the inner elongated lens segment includes a second optical pattern and wherein a portion of the inner elongated lens segment is positioned within the outer elongated lens segment; a first segment coupled to and extending horizontally between a first longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment and a first longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment; and a second segment coupled to and extending horizontally between a second longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment and a second longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens segment, wherein the first segment extends from the first longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment in a first direction, wherein the second segment extends from the second longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens segment in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions, and wherein the outer elongated lens segment, the inner elongated lens segment, the first segment, and the second segment are integrally formed.
2. The dual lens structure of claim 1, wherein each of the outer elongated lens segment and the inner elongated lens segment is a Fresnel lens.
3. The dual lens structure of claim 1, wherein the dual lens structure is made by extruding the outer elongated lens segment, the inner elongated lens segment, the first segment, and the second segment.
4. The dual lens structure of claim 1, wherein a surface of the outer elongated lens segment, a surface of the inner elongated lens segment, a surface of the first segment, and a surface of the second segment at least partially surround a hollow space.
5. The dual lens structure of claim 4, wherein a second surface of the outer elongated lens segment opposite the surface of the outer elongated lens segment includes the first optical pattern and wherein the surface of the inner elongated lens segment includes the second optical pattern.
6. The dual lens structure of claim 5, wherein the first optical pattern is a first saw tooth pattern and wherein the second optical pattern is a second saw tooth pattern.
7. The dual lens structure of claim 4, wherein the surface of the outer elongated lens segment includes the first optical pattern and wherein the surface of the inner elongated lens segment includes the second optical pattern.
8. The dual lens structure of claim 7, wherein the first optical pattern is a first smooth spline shaped pattern and wherein the second optical pattern is a second smooth spline shaped pattern.
9. The dual lens structure of claim 1, wherein the dual lens structure is made from one of plastic and glass.
10. A dual lens structure, comprising: an outer elongated lens including a first lens segment, a first flange, and a second flange, the first lens segment having a substantially dome-shaped cross-section and including a first optical pattern, wherein the first flange and the second flange extend out from opposite sides of the first lens segment; and an inner elongated lens including a second lens segment, a third flange, and a fourth flange, the second lens segment having a substantially bell-shaped cross-section and including a second optical pattern, wherein the third flange and the fourth flange extend out from opposite sides of the second lens segment, wherein the second lens segment is at least partially positioned within the first lens segment, wherein the third flange is coupled to the first flange, and wherein the fourth flange is coupled to the second flange.
11. The dual lens structure of claim 10, wherein the first flange and the second flange extend substantially away from each other and wherein the third flange and the fourth flange extend substantially towards each other.
12. The dual lens structure of claim 10, wherein each of the outer elongated lens and the inner elongated lens is a Fresnel lens.
13. The dual lens structure of claim 10, wherein a surface of the first lens segment and a surface of the second lens segment partially surround a hollow space.
14. The dual lens structure of claim 10, wherein a first surface of the first lens segment includes the first optical pattern, wherein a surface of the second lens segment includes the second optical pattern, wherein the surface of the second lens segment faces a second surface of the first lens segment, the second surface of the first lens segment being opposite the surface of the first lens segment.
15. The dual lens structure of claim 10, wherein a surface of the first lens segment includes the first optical pattern, wherein a surface of the second lens segment includes the second optical pattern, and wherein the surface of the first lens segment faces the surface of the second lens segment.
16. The dual lens structure of claim 15, wherein the first optical pattern is a first smooth spline shaped pattern and wherein the second optical pattern is a second smooth spline shaped pattern.
17. A light fixture, comprising: a light source; and a dual lens structure comprising: an outer elongated lens including a first lens segment having a substantially dome-shaped cross-section, wherein the first lens segment includes a first optical pattern; an inner elongated lens including a second lens segment having a substantially bell-shaped cross-section, wherein the second lens segment includes a second optical pattern, wherein a portion of the second lens segment is positioned within the outer elongated lens segment, and wherein the light source is positioned in the light fixture to direct light towards the second lens segment; a first segment coupled to and extending horizontally between a first longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens and a first longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens; and a second segment coupled to and extending horizontally between a second longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens and a second longitudinal side of the inner elongated lens, wherein the first segment extends from the first longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens in a first direction, wherein the second segment extends from the second longitudinal side of the outer elongated lens in a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite directions.
18. The light fixture of claim 17, wherein a surface of the first lens segment and a surface of the second lens segment partially surround a hollow space.
19. The light fixture of claim 17, wherein a first surface of the first lens segment includes the first optical pattern, wherein a surface of the second lens segment includes the second optical pattern, wherein the surface of the second lens segment faces a second surface of the first lens segment, the second surface of the first lens segment being opposite the surface of the first lens segment.
20. The light fixture of claim 17, wherein a surface of the first lens segment includes the first optical pattern, wherein a surface of the second lens segment includes the second optical pattern, and wherein the surface of the first lens segment faces the surface of the second lens segment..
| 26,811 |
https://github.com/abusalehnayeem/azure-ad-integration/blob/master/azure-ad-client/src/app/app.component.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
azure-ad-integration
|
abusalehnayeem
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 134 | 504 |
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { BroadcastService, MsalService } from '@azure/msal-angular';
import { Subscription } from 'rxjs';
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: './app.component.html'
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'azure-ad-client';
isIframe = false;
public subscription: Subscription;
public isLoggedIn = false;
// In app.component.ts
constructor(
private authService: MsalService,
private broadcastService: BroadcastService
) {
}
// tslint:disable-next-line: use-lifecycle-interface
ngOnInit() {
this.isIframe = window !== window.parent && !window.opener;
this.checkAccount();
this.subscription = this.broadcastService.subscribe('msal:loginSuccess', () => {
this.getAccount();
});
}
// tslint:disable-next-line: use-lifecycle-interface
ngOnDestroy() {
this.broadcastService.getMSALSubject().next(1);
if (this.subscription) {
this.subscription.unsubscribe();
}
}
checkAccount() {
this.isLoggedIn = !!this.authService.getAccount();
}
getAccount() {
return this.authService.getAccount();
}
login() {
const isIE = window.navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE ') > -1 || window.navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Trident/') > -1;
if (isIE) {
this.authService.loginRedirect({ extraScopesToConsent: ['user.read', 'openid', 'profile'] });
} else {
this.authService.loginPopup({ extraScopesToConsent: ['user.read', 'openid', 'profile'] });
}
}
}
| 11,917 |
https://github.com/lodejard/AWind/blob/master/TabControl.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
AWind
|
lodejard
|
C
|
Code
| 357 | 1,234 |
/*
GUI library for Arduino TFT and OLED displays
Copyright (c) 2014-2018 Andrei Degtiarev
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you
may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may
obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied. See the License for the specific language governing
permissions and limitations under the License.
*/
#pragma once
#include "MainWindow.h"
#include "Button.h"
///TabControl. Control element which allows intersactive switch between chidl windows
class TabControl : public Window, public ITouchEventReceiver
{
LinkedList<Button> _listButtons; //list of buttons on the left screen side
LinkedList<Window> _listWindow; //list of depended windows (
static const int _szy = 30;
public:
///Constructor
/**
\param left left coordinate relative to parent indow
\param top top coordinate relative to parent indow
\param width window width
\param height window height
*/
TabControl(const __FlashStringHelper * name, int left, int top, int width, int height):Window(name, left, top, width, height)
{
SetDecorators(Environment::Get()->FindDecorators(F("TabControl")));
AddChild(new Window(F("Back tab buttons"), 0, 0, width, _szy));
Children()[0]->SetDecorators(Environment::Get()->FindDecorators(F("BackTabButtons")));
}
///Adds pair: button + corresponding window. The size of added window is adjusted automatically
void AddTab(const __FlashStringHelper *buttonName,Window *window)
{
int wnd_width=Width();
int wnd_height=Height();
int x=0;
int y=0;
Button * button=new Button(0,0,0,0,buttonName);
button->SetMargins(5,7);
button->RegisterTouchEventReceiver(this);
Children()[0]->AddChild(button);
AddChild(window);
window->Move(1, _szy+1, wnd_width-2,wnd_height - _szy-2);
_listButtons.Add(button);
_listWindow.Add(window);
if(_listWindow.Count()>1)
window->SetVisible(false);
else
_listButtons[0]->SetDecorators(Environment::Get()->FindDecorators(F("ActiveTabButton")));
UpdateTabs(0);
}
///If new tab is selected, the size of buttons and their appearance are adjusted
void UpdateTabs(int sel_index)
{
int szx = Width() / _listButtons.Count();
for (int i = 0;i < _listButtons.Count();i++)
{
int offset_y = i == sel_index ? 0 : 3;
_listButtons[i]->Move(0 + szx*i, offset_y, szx - 1, _szy- offset_y);
}
Children()[0]->Invalidate();
}
///Events routing for gui interaction (see RegisterTouchEventReceiver and public ITouchEventReceiver declaration)
void NotifyTouch(Window *window)
{
int sel_index=-1;
for(int i=0;i<_listButtons.Count();i++)
{
if(window == _listButtons[i])
{
sel_index=i;
break;
}
}
if(sel_index >=0)
{
UpdateTabs(sel_index);
DecoratorList *buttonDeco=Environment::Get()->FindDecorators(F("Button"));
for(int i=0;i<_listButtons.Count();i++)
{
_listWindow[i]->SetVisible(i==sel_index);
if(i==sel_index)
{
_listWindow[i]->Invalidate();
_listButtons[i]->SetDecorators(Environment::Get()->FindDecorators(F("ActiveTabButton")));
}
else
{
if(_listButtons[i]->GetDecorators()!=buttonDeco)
{
_listButtons[i]->SetDecorators(buttonDeco);
//_listButtons[i]->Invalidate();
}
}
}
}
//out<<F("Window selected: ")<<sel_index<<endl;
}
};
| 40,595 |
https://github.com/tioover/Erya/blob/master/examples/window.rs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
Erya
|
tioover
|
Rust
|
Code
| 54 | 172 |
extern crate erya;
#[macro_use]
extern crate glium;
use glium::Surface;
use glium::glutin::Event;
use erya::build_display;
fn main()
{
let display = build_display("window", (800, 600));
'main: loop
{
let mut target = display.draw();
target.clear_color(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
target.finish().unwrap();
for event in display.poll_events()
{
match event
{
Event::Closed => break 'main,
_ => (),
}
}
}
}
| 30,622 |
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspidostemon%20humbertianus
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Aspidostemon humbertianus
|
https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspidostemon humbertianus&action=history
|
Vietnamese
|
Spoken
| 59 | 116 |
Aspidostemon humbertianus là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Nguyệt quế. Loài này được André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1957 dưới danh pháp Cryptocarya humbertiana. Năm 1987, Rohwer J. G. & Richter H.G. chuyển nó sang chi Aspidostemon.
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
H
Thực vật được mô tả năm 1957
| 30,089 |
https://github.com/UrbanOS-Public/csec-ev-test-drive/blob/master/ui/ev-test-drive/src/app/admin/exceptions/list/list.component.ts
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
csec-ev-test-drive
|
UrbanOS-Public
|
TypeScript
|
Code
| 79 | 331 |
import { Component, OnInit, Input, OnChanges, EventEmitter, Output } from '@angular/core';
import * as moment from 'moment'
@Component({
selector: 'app-list',
templateUrl: './list.component.html',
styleUrls: ['./list.component.scss']
})
export class ListComponent implements OnInit, OnChanges {
@Input() sourceData
@Output() delete = new EventEmitter<any>();
columns = ['date','start_time','end_time', 'slot_length_minutes', 'employees_per_slot', 'date_created', 'delete']
ngOnInit() {
}
ngOnChanges() {
if(this.sourceData){
this.sourceData = this.sourceData.map((row) => {
return {
...row,
date: moment(row.date).format('YYYY-MM-DD'),
date_created: moment(row.date_created).format('YYYY-MM-DD'),
start_time: moment(row.start_time, ['h:m: a','HH:mm:ss']).format('h:mm a'),
end_time: moment(row.end_time, ['h:m a','H:m']).format('h:mm a'),
}
})
}
}
}
| 43,983 |
sn82014086_1922-10-28_1_11_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,922 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,097 | 11,280 |
NORWICH TOLLmKr SATURDAY, C'CTCSEU' TI .4 BuHetiii Want;' , , ZuZztin For Sala ; Aivsrlbsment Will Sell It A Bulletin Want ' A Bulletin Fc? Zzl A Bulletin To Let ' " MverHittt Wilt Kent It" A EIIeiin For Szh Advertisement Will Sell li ' Advertisement Will Get It Avertimen Will ..Get If Advertii " iTi Sell It -. ici.i.f v,r tm it iur.N 1 vtiirfj-r In Oeeuw. Oft. ST, 122, ft t ".i la .Mr. and Mrs. Gerge Lambert. U t'l U.soy In r'!(l(!i. Oct. J. 1352," .i : lu Sr. end Mm. gdmond Davi- LMil In V,n-w!cli. Oct. S". 153, ft ,on ; nr. and Mrs. .ri'-tnr Ladd of Frank- Mir In New Lordm. Oct. 24. 1953, --.n tn Mr. ri Mrs. ,tihn Murray " V nee Mis VWrt Young. .n In New London. Oct. 2. 19",2, a , -cht.-f to Mr. mil Mrs. Ralph Good. Mf in Liberty Trill (Lebanon. Oct. 1?22. a won io Mr. and lira. Robert arr.e?. - Norwich, Oct da.r-'iter. Esther Ta. to Mr. - Mr, fic'iard J. Katninski of 7 W s'.ertrens . true. SfARRrEU trT IT. rtOTMKIt t'l Baltic. Oct Ji. 1J2J. by fv. Y. T. OTrjcn. Alfred tortalns and M.m hq tn v. Rothtr, DIED tri0 ir. Norwich Town, Oct 57, .Trrnflic Par:non. VKt.ce of ft'tirrel rereaiU-r. stftTJ Tn Norwich. Oct. 24, 122. WU (im Tma, a;ed 09 yeurs, of Southing- , n. Conn. . . r T In Norwich. Oct. U. 1.922, Miss tat Serine Axnta Ray, aped 24 years, e T atei-hai-v. j T.Ttic rcmrtry. A. L. V. Mystic, Oct. 31, 1922, Elmer F. Green of New London. Certified from New London, Oct. 26, 1922, W. H. Green. WANTED: Female wanted: Girl to assist in house work; no cooking; good home for the right party. Inquire 23, Maple St. Tel. WANTED: A stenographer for an insurance office; address stating age, experience in any, and salary to start. Address Insurance, Bulletin Office. SALESWOMEN, to $10. Wanted made selling a new office. Write G. Room 20, The Atwatergan House, Danielson, Conn. WANTED: Houser, experienced; An American lady with daughter, 10 years, wants, good home father than high wages; widower or elderly couple's home. Box 57, North Weston, Connecticut. WANTED: Honest, ambitious woman to take orders for our guaranteed (German and Yereel House (Sre,nc); excellent ly made: very best materials. Plastic pattern; they make splendid Christmas gifts; come in, the event - now, the reference - the premises. Market St., Amsterdam, N.Y. Oct 28th WINTER in Florida, marriage charm, maiden worth $50,000. Box 55, Oxford, N.Y. FUNERAL NOTICES, In the city of New York, Oct. 1, 1922, W. Pitcher, aged 80 years. Funeral at his late home, West Street (East Great Plain, Montreal, on Oct. 10, at 1 p.m. Burial in the city. Established in New York, Oct. 1, 1922. For years, yet left us, To wander upon the hill, Has a loneliness Never found, In many years, on earth, We wandered till you had come To straining woman's worth. Shaking her in, we know too late We never saw another And true the whole way through So far when we hailed Mother. H. M. HESSAND AND CHILDREN. City, Oct. 1, 1922. WANTED For, not attending (residence, position as mothers helper, union. "High-class Aid Society. Room 50. Brooklyn- Thornor Bid., Hartford, Conn. octzia AUTOMOBILE young lady, worth $25, for a month, to marry. CUD, Wichita, Kansas. MATCHED rich; paper with names, addresses, descriptions, and pictures, etc. Box 3317, Boston, Mass. -. wuw j- COBBSPOJSO :wifc ladyr3o, $30,009 and home. H-Box 113 1, ciud. tretrott, Mich.,. -. ; ociiau WIFE wanted by ranchman, 59, worth $100,000.... D-Box 432, league, Co lumbus, Ohio. - : ; - -. -oct28d th t.t.ahino Matrimonial iClub; best, largest, established 18 years: thousands walthy inembera wish marriage,; confidential descriptions free; only honorable, sincere people of both sexes need, write. The Old Reliable Club, Mrs. Wru ble, Box 2S, Oakland, Calif. oct28d worth from $1,000 to $5,000, seeking early marriage; descriptions, photos, instructions free; sealed; either sex; send no money. Address Standard Cor. Club, Griyslice, Ill. oct28d WAXTEB Experienced office girl billing and general accounting; position of trust. Apply own handwriting. Box 345, Bulletin. : - - ootaa WANTED A maid, for general house Work. Apply morning, SI Broad St. oct2a . - - WABTTKB ExpcrteMaa waitress. Ap ply City Lunch. - cctSW WAJiTBD Housekeepei-of middle a in family of two. Write Box 90. Bulletin Office. ...- - oct94 llCilOIlMLLEII ff 15 MAIN STREET fjFunerai" ' If Directors j Embalmers WANT CKamfaermaid in American tloiise Apply in P&ct6h WANTED M!a BOY. WASTED at Grocery, Broadway the Golden Bule ectasd. J CAKVASSEKS-Make 230., to 300 J per :seful, cem nrnfits : new. : exceptionally u: nsarv article :" every home buys sey eralt pocket sample. "Factory" Pine, ElUabeth, N J- oct28d WAKTiii Men are needed for tf: S mail service; $115 to $190; experience or correspondence course unnecessary. Write B. S. Bishop, Box 391, JopKn, Mooct28d IESBT F6RD-i-The miracle man's mazing story, just publinhed ; tremen' klouo seller: agents selling 30 a Hay; -out' 1 fit free.. Austin Jenkins Co., Washington, rY. C. OctSSd I WATED Slasher tcnlen on colored WANTED Miseeltarwotw .FOR. SALi, iLaay. grand piano, v&tq one year; ss.criricB tor st!0. Vhona 6oJ-4. oct2Sd..': ' ioff 8AUs GasouniT'encrihe: S h. mofunLed, uoo rumiaiitf contiaion, enpstp tor a quick 8te u. iua&lius. Uuilficn. Tel. 144S-5. , oct2W I OR SAU Oak bedstead and dress . .with. full., ltmctli mirror, ajso aluminum and trthcr artiuleb cU at 471 Main iit. oot28d - MABRY if lonely; for results, try .me; best and most successful "Borne Maker;" hundreds rich wish mirslae . soo-n ; strictly confidential; most reliable; years experience ; descriptions free. "The Suc cessful Club," Mrs. Nash, Box B5. Oak land, Calif. . - , .'OCtZSS SOLICITOUS Men and women, sell dependable trees, shrubs, joses, for ship ment direct to purchaser; steady work full or epare time; weekly pay; outfit free. r 'n Brothers' Xtrseries, RQcnester, y. - r. ' .octzxo. MARK'S World's greatest club for honest people; largest, best, established many years; thousands, attractive, congenial, wealthy, members everywhere, worth $4,090 to $400,000, willing to wed; honorable, sincere people write; I will send you free hundreds of complimentary for your approval; one may be your ideal; am making many marriages; quick results guaranteed; try me. Old Reliable Successful Club, Honorable Ralph Hyde, Mgr., B-54, San Francisco. oct28d ELECTRICS - Would you care to learn about new rational treatment for immediate relief of epilepsy, positively stopping all seizures from the first day's test? Information free. Specialist, Drawer B-u92, Lander, Wyoming. oct28d FARNISHED - 2,600 word trial reading 25c; two questions free; state birthdate. Prof. Audrey, Dept. K-S. Box 834, Washington, D. C. oct28d FARNISHED wanted; boarding house wanted; quick ready buyer; write at once fully, state price and terms. Brionne Farms Co., 11 Nassau St., New York. oct28d... FOR SALE - The firm known as the Dwight Farm farm, on state road from Norwich to Preston City, one mile from Preston City and three miles from Norwich; there is 60 acres of land, well divided into mowing and pasture, with good buildings thereon. and a quantity of apple trees, Mrs. Amass, M. Maine, R. D.- No. 1, Norwich, Conn. - - oet2$tl SALB Barberry, nice stock, 12 inches, $10 per 100; Cal. privet, well-braided, 24 inches, $10 per 100; Cuthbert raspberry, $2.00 per 100; special price per 100 buy now at these low prices for fall, spring delivery. Houston's Nurseries, 14th Street Depot, Conn. octHS . - - -, r - . - ' - FOB SALE Good organ raahnganj? piaiw- style asme-, fine vpiayins oonditiori ; bargain for JiS. Flaut-Caddea Co., Nor wich, . . . oct27d FOS SALS FOB SALE Setter dog 1 , year old: white. black and. tan, Address S. M. Kings-ley, Lebanon. Tel ll-o Lebanon. ocU7d Thtf three fa'nvly bneit 6S tfij tio. AC ClsfF Street, w t- 'are barn or sarae inif additional lets', , ; . V ' - ; Ceirtral Ibpatieif, tfoerf irfvrt-' fnent. - vv - . Phene tLEY -FOR SALE AtrtsMoMlM 121 r-o IVuoX, one car, both . m twst At-tTlbM it FOB SALE A cood- rabbit: and coon dog. C. F. Riley, R. F. D.No. 1, West erly,: R. I. . octtiWFS t FOB. 8AXJE Several . shirt, .waists:' it 50c, dresses $L50 and up, child s sneater. buc, blue serge cape fo, set ol-gray wolf fur 5 : fox iurs and other articles rea sonable. Call at 62 Church bt.- oct26d FOB SALE Jewett ebony square Piano in good playing condition; .exceptional bargain for $35. Plaut-Cadaen Co.. Nor wich. , : bet27a FOB SALE 25 .cords hickory , wood ; special price for this week only,.. $15. per. cora; mats ine price x got neioro- the war time from people In Norwich. P. A Nawrocki, Yantlc. Phone 1704. bct2Sd '""FOB AtK Two-family hoise. U room, all improvements, newly shlngjed, at 463 Main. St. . octSSd. six lroorns, ii. ,T.: Jin- oct36d FOB - SALE Cider apples, new milch cow, pair ot beef cattle. Tel. W HI im an tic 91-4. . octa6d 7E0 Gssh Paymciit COTTA'Gr HOUSED BAtffi, f MEfV NER1ES, FRUIT. IIWrSEfSiAtE POSSESSION. SEND FOR FARM BULLETlfi-JfeHOtCe bP f&. WIlXlAT.rATwlIcd FARlif SPECIALIST W'ESTErlLV, . X. FOB SALE On 191'J- Butt-K lotirtn, class munnK'j . evndittoa. with g.jud rubo,:r. Norwidi fsuick Co. ocL2d fob sfiiLJ6i9i8CadU!ac .VictarilT; a.eo several, light used cars, at prices ranging from JoO to JovlO. J. J. Herbert, ei bnctncket Be. ' ' ootnd ' . Fofc"7 SAL192t""l'oriiTtourlS(f ,c2r, A-l .condition..' t. S. Feci, t'j-'.nh Town. Phone 115-14. oct2id FOi 9ALE 1SJ2 r"rTt""l"f' f-fi'oor Ford tdVM.TC csr. in exceiiert adj'i.-stncnt Ma runulftg order.. Just iik new, hA suii-ter, demountable rim. paJ-a tire, bumper,, .electric.: hOTTt . -and mhogany das'4 .with speedmieter,. cloeH.. Sight, .etc. Anri-ew. C Latnrop. Piioni Lebjjn 47-i. AijaresB lantic. .octSiTWThS f FOB .PALI 191$ Butek with fiw,'lifj, gynu ...pairn,. new D rH.K. mi aixjat. sx uicoths,., bumper, wir-d. .deflectors, md. BiWornieler. Inquire1 at Zuernfa Stdr,-Tatville.- - oct27a. c. E. mXctArlaxd.. FOR SALE Kirdi FOB ftALK-rtne h;a,j, .'. .Auctioneer j ioo. onml, grtt moris. r mi.r (,.,... , - "U clii). I'ui. g. xt. !:...!. AUCTION Xi ft w'cre not able' to scil the entire lot of - rfo'tSEHOLty OO60 ' R. t. C!-vC:d $rpr AKRrvEr. My finrs'S are here on i!m. n.l Ur ' are a nlca tot big oa .-, imnt owt. anl chunks, amsie jn-1 in -..airs. aU Ie.y w go to ori. Prices !- f,,T .j,e I Coma and thtm. Tel. SiS.J I tLME.1 R. HEHsO: FOB..-8 ALE r-Ford. .sedan, pricticil'.y ;new. Phone Z12. ' - ' 0ct27d .-Fojl' Dodge sedaov good 'eon. aitieo, $,, Inquire. 449 BcwweU Ave. -.eot27d . . .- .. . : '. FoS a'l Tw-uji ,.e5ubl'ic trtck, tefauilt.Aml in eicelimUconditlon ; a nev top"..jCQiicDrd.. Bw;'.sy, Z top .hiiegiej... used., i soiie , steel axis Luaeoujier . wasoa. 4-inch tires: low nrieen on all At theei. H. H,,:atarkweUKr,' Danlelson. Conn.. WANTED: Furniture, stoves, etc., and antique. Ward Bros., 45 Jackson St. WANTED: Furniture, stoves, etc., and antique. Ward Bros., 45 Jackson St. IF YOU WISH a wealthy young wife, write, enclosing envelope. Violet Ray, Dennison, O. WANTED: Vaults and cesspools to clean. L. L. Harris, R. F. U. 1. Box 99. HENRY L. BARRY CHURCH W. SMITH Tepan, 38-3. WANTED: You want to have a nice picture. To Antoophian's Studio, 325 Main St., opposite the post office. Special pictures taken at $1.95 a dozen, worth $6.00. Oct 27th WANTED: Men to work for three attractive, intelligent boys, 9 and 11 years. Best work; steady employment. Apply to Lorraine, Co., Westerly, G. I. Oct:sa gent Protestant boys, 9 and 11 years. AOESTS: Everybody uses extracts; 1V. fine children have never known a single strength, extracts from. FOR SALE: On a cottage, large lot, on Hammond Ave. Price, 469 Main St. FOR SALE Upright mano in good condition, walnut case, excellent tone and new action; very special at $86. Plaut Cadden Co., Norwich, Oct 27th A place line household necessities; big repairs; write today. Duo Co., Dept. K-15a, Attica, N. Y. Oct 28th WANTED, Reliable man in each town for special advertising work: $35 a week to man who can produce satisfactory results; experience unnecessary; one chance for promotion; references required. Address Fastem Co., South Washington St., Boston, Mass. oct28d KALESMEN $75 to $15 easily made willing to work at a new office necessity. Write G., Room 20, The Attawaugan House, Danison, Conn. oct28d Funeral Director and Embalmer 322 Main Street Hamburg of Centenary Building Phone 238-2 Lady Assistant WANTED: Load for Taunton, Mass., or vicinity; special rates. Zimmerman Trucking, 17 Boswell Ave. oct28d WANTED: Sell something every body must have (read this line over again and note that we said must) ; it is unique. U. S. protected article, a positive necessity because of government ruling, with yearly repeat, exclusively owned and controlled by us; if you are an order taker you should make $20 to $30 a day; if you are an ambitious salesman you will clear upward of $40 per day; most dear father and mother and need a home where they will have affectionate and intelligent care. Anyone interested in these, children, please communicate with the State Bureau of Child Welfare, State Capitol, Hartford, Conn. oct27d n WANTED: To buy a waiter for Dodge car. -Phone 1002-2. bet2td WANTED: Magazines. $5 per hundred; newspapers, 60c Per hundred; rass, $1.25 hundred; also highest cash. Prices paid for scrap metal and other junk. We will call anywhere. Mutual -Waste and Metal Co., S-19 W. Main St. Phone 2275. FOR SALE. Cows; two carloads Vermont cows; an extra choice lot. James H. Hyde, - North Franklin, Conn. Tel. Lebanon 3D. - oct25d FOR SALE: Pure bred stock, 4 thoroughbred cows, 1 Holstein bull 1 year old, 2 Ayrshire netters 2 years old, all registered and coming in; will sell very cheap as I have no place to house them; would trade for automobile. V. K. Clark, 217 Mountain St, Willimantic, Conn. Phone - - : J oot24d - FOR SALE: Wassermann player-piano with beautiful mahogany case and fine tone, in excellent playing condition and guaranteed to give good service; price way, on terms to suit. Flint - Aaaen co Norwich. oct27d FOR SALE: Sweet cider in new KB. gallon casks. Telephone 262 Danifield George L. Spalding, Pomfret Center, Ct- widow, FOR SALE: Cottage cherry and walnut bed, couch covers, chairs, feather beds and pillows, mattresses, sofa pillows, large lot of bed carpets, sheets, couch covers, 10 floor chairs, folding bed, spring, oak writing desk, china, secretary, tables; chairs, stoves, chest, fugs, crockery, toilet sets, leader chairs, tool chest, window cases, cider barrel, pile of lumber; piano, box, and a lot of other articles not mentioned. Terms cash. GILBERT MATHEWSON, Mansfield Center, Conn. oct28d. LEGAL NOTICES. If MAY MEAN YOU Assessors' Notice. All property liable to pay taxes in the Town of Norwich are hereby non-delinquent, return to the Assessors on the first day of November, 1912, a warrant for the sale of property, including the best quality of goods, including the best quality of goods. Gardner Sales and St. J19 Franklin St.; 6ctJ4 The sale will be held at the auction, with the highest bidder being the highest bidder. The property will be sold to the highest bidder, with the terms of the sale to be announced in the newspaper. The sale will be conducted by Gardner, sales and St. J19 Franklin St. For those interested in the sale of property, the sale will be held at the auction, with the terms of the sale to be announced in the newspaper. The sale will be conducted by Gardner, sales and St. J19 Franklin St. For those interested in the sale of property, the sale will be held at the auction, with the terms of the sale to be announced in the newspaper. The sale will be conducted by Gardner, sales and St. J19 Franklin St. For those interested in the sale of property, the sale will be held at the auction, with the terms of the sale to be announced in the newspaper. The sale will be conducted by Gardner, sales and St. J19 Franklin St. For those interested in the sale of property, the sale will be held at the auction, with the terms of the sale to be announced in the newspaper. The sale will be conducted by Gardner, sales and St. J19 Franklin St. Kdrwic Tww.' T. EtMer, Jb.-,.,, --. ;. -Aug-sd, taintig ia irwue a i;.-t wi:i o charued a penalty of, 1 en Per Cent. addition. ac according to law. Blanks can be obtained at the Asw ora Office. in City fii. or be by mail upon application. Office hours: a. m. to $ n. m. Lists will be received beginning Monday, October 2nd, 1922. Dated at Norwich, Conn, Sept. 2812. 1922. ' ALFIE L. HALE. JOHN B. OAT. Altai) li. MANNING. 7 t 0IXa Sr K.?6' rm:m i. fiftfll.Q.bl i th firm pro: seen at sia Nd. Main St. T etf 4 o,ie u- d t FOR SALE A Jew fina.large White Wyandotte.. cook ersls ; all c stock direct from John L. Martin, this syringr. Doq ald Bullard. Tel 1076-4. octll WS. Leghorns and Rock, $1 each. JUvN. -DOn-dero, Willimantic, Conn. Phone $79-3. A KENTUCKY told me that the leaves grow red in the fall, there ashamed they've been so green all summer. Special sale of briar pipes with Bakelite bits 79c, at Pagan's Smoke Shop. oct25d WANTED Upright boiler, 10 or 20. p. -.C. li. Burr & Co., Manchester, Conn. - oct23d WANTED Young man to operate elevator; steady position. Plaut Cadden Co., 135-Main St. oct2ld FOR SALE - A fine farm at Mansfield Center Conn. barn, full of hay house, full of furniture, wood, and coal; step, etc. Box Z, Mansfield Center, Conn....dctSd "tf AT--7-TWO.roBnj;j to.nS-egj KcwtB-Ka incubator A. O. W. Adams, ta Williams St, Norwich; Conn. v oct2JdJ. F4 S tLE-Tnivifr fJuii'try firm. good-buildings, Bite.watsr supplyi.Ti D. Tiylor, VL X. t, Ncnti'eh, Conn, octll For sale - six-room cottage, fruit trees, two-acre lot, chicken coop, only $2,500, must be seen to appreciate. Six rooms each apartment, extra lot, chicken coop, $3,400; other bargains, houses, farm, etc.; look my list over before buying, further information, inquire of John U. Chenaki, 1 Bath St. oct!2d TO BE LET - One-half acre, good land, by day or week, and to light housekeeping rooms. Phone 749-8... AciSid Main St. FOR SALE - 1.90B farm; equally divided, L. Raciney Plamfield, Moscow 11--2...- a bargain. Fred Conn. Phone senlSd JUST LIKE JUNDING - 103-acre farm on the state road, borders on river, 30 acres plow and mow land, 5-room House, stock barn, shed, poultry house; all good, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 calf, 150 fowls. Ford car, hay, corn. Potatoes; wagons, implements, famine TBYOSS' AGENCY, -oct27d v wmima-ntic, Cesn 0 BEST Tenement 24..K6rth-tliiSies St, five rooms; all improvements, apply t ranx rry,-xname at. -.. ou;tt WANTED Small dressed, nurses, inv t desirable connection, with future for those 1. any Sroounti Pay market price who qualify. Jerome Laadt, Pres., S So!0B oeUvety. fc OreBeville Public Market Dearborn St; Chicago. oct28d 'jPnone 141S.. 6ct20d WANTED Firemen, brakemen; beginners Jlf.0, later $200; no strike. Railway, Bulletin... octJMS WANTED If Vbur cleaning, Call 1921. WAITED Names men over 11. wishing bee to? railway mail clerks or mail cam; $133 month. Box 8, this office. ccl,3 ".... Fountain Director and t;, mbaimer ' : : PROMPT SERVICE, 5 7 CAY OR MIGHT. WANTED Two or three men and helpers. Apply to 107 Franklin St. 2jj oct27d.. A - WANTED Sawyer for trifle-miJi"; m good wages; steady work. A. Filosi, g East Lyme, Conn. oct2od ' WANTED Experienced young man in gents' furnishings. Write P. O. Box 366. Norwich. i : - ocrtSd. - WAITED Teamsters, Apply C. I bl r,i?. """i" -e... -lartvuie. P Tel'... -. oct24d WANTED Property of -r tion to sell on commission basis. Bur dick & McNicol, Thayer building, Norwich. -.. Sefjt29d "WANTED -Hirst cash for second hand furniture, household goods, antiques, store fixtures and tools; 3 wg vciuie rcuiug. in. weisinger, 22 Market St Phone 687-2. jy6d WANTED Second hand antique furniture; best prices, paid. A. Bruckner. Franklin St. Phone 712-8. my$d VICTORIA STREET - U. S., second hand furniture. Norwich Furniture Co., Breed Bldg., Tel 1S14-6. W uuj, icn and exchange... - Jelld Sled & Burke general Directors 51 4l Plain Street .XOIHIC8 mm over 17. huMm. it way mail clerks; commence 1858. month; te.y; common education necessary: liirt positions free: write immediately. Frank- mi iiiniiic, jjept, Kocnester, N. Y. octlld - WANTED, Common laborers, wages 85c per hour. -month day. Come ready to work. Take YMiumamic car ax jpramtun Square at 6.4 a. m. Get off at, Oolum station. uu,yriy s iwa.will taKS yOU tO mill.. INLAND FAPER BOARD CO.. oct27d, Versailles, Cs4.. li j Henry ASen & Son Co. . tt $IaIN STREET i LTiRAL DIRECTORS : - ktiD LMBALMERS Actstant. Telephone 410-2 DAY OR NIGHT HOURIGAN BROS. r.'.rwich and Jewett City FLORIST i, fcTtnisg chrubi, plants and ...,-G- '.uxasry co. 'Jl Every day, your flowers at Gedney's. LXMSCAJE SAVANNAH To arrive for land of the very best quality; a Great, 17 Cedar St. Ten words to put your bundle in a sealed envelope, there is no need, to make the advertising for L.uilCC.0. THE NEW YORK; NEW HAVEN HARTFORD RAILROAD COMPANY men Wanted, Regular positions for competent men who work it satisfactory, its alacinists do to 7c per hour EdilemUkar -670 to 75c per hour. Blacsttuth--o td 75c per hour Arruturo Winders 600 and 75c per hour Arruturo Winders 600 and 75c per hour Car Inspector & Repairmen 63c per hour Helpers first year, 5 cents per hour The above rates are those agreed with Committee or Mechanical Department Association. This is not a strike against the railroad; It is a strike waged against reduction in rates of pay ordered by the United States Railroad Labor Board, effective July 1, 1822. Apply to A. M. to 4:04 P.M. to Assistant Superintendent of Police, New London, Conn. R. M. Smith, Agent for New York, New Haven, Hartford, R. R. Company: Chimney needs - cct6d - FOR SALE Two-tenement house with improvements, Greeneville, $4,000; two-tenement house, with improvements, Laurel Hill, 6-room cottage, with heater, 19 minutes' walk from Square; 8-room cottage in best repair, 1 minutes' walk to square, for particulars, inquire FRANCIS D. DOXOLLY, Central Bldg., Norwich. Phone land furniture, H. B. Tiger, 66 Franklin St. WANTED 160 farms for sale, with or without stock; choice particulars in first letter as to price, size, location, and terms. P. O. Box 106. WANTED: A second-hand furniture and books. Kremens, successor to King, 44-50 Watsr ou rnone uua.. -. aeDlSd WANTED WORKING MEN TO BUY THE PANTS MU VU1I VUAI OF VS.-, COAT $3. SO; PANTS TO MATCH THE3E $13.45.. ' L. POLLOCK," Si 7 Main St., etp. Postoffice. Fdit SALE A-1d T.O OF OVERCOATS. JUST Arrived, of this latest fabrics AND MODELS, IN. ALL SIZES, At $1.85-2.50., . L. POLLOCK, -, 327 Main St., epp. Festafnei. Td.RENf 6pot gA-h PAm vna tAiSi If? ANY CONOMO flSrwiclt AviS -Wretklrig1 -Co.' Wfi :tEAf ta AktS SELL tmp atisrreen kS&iirttiiti.Gtoiii '.. tomtit; it?,fai-n.W, :iaiti i-fiv..,"ii; INSURANCE AND REAL: ESTATE AGENT HffiHARDS eorLOINS ' il MAIN STREET AVTCMOSILt ACCESSORIES AA ithfl Triirft Pklrft!Mt ill work.guaranteed. Joseph Ferry,. Pond Rf:- fJhanj, 157..H9 -..4Jitrfiior our iir At t?ii M Brdthera' -Gar.-tt..Ferry -f5t.f- two Well equipped washetanda. Taxi service. Two (tevea-ptaseager ea. td rents Tel. 2U INSURANCE ttFE. Aofb. FIRE. ACCIDENT, in fact all kind of Insurance is written- HAROLD S. BURNS phaf 129 Laurel Hill Ave, Representative of Good, Reliable Companies. AT A COURT OF PROBATE HELD in Norwich, within, ami ir tne Ijtr.cl. of Norwich, on the 27th day of October A. D. 1922. Present XELPOX.T. ATLANTIC. Judge, Estate of William Burns, late of Lm Bon. in said District, deceased. In the court and the petition praying, for the reason therein set forth, that an instrument purporting to be the last will, and testament of the deceased, be admitted to probate. Whereupon, It Is Ordered, That an application be heard and determined upon the probate court Room in the city of New York, in said District, on the 11th day of November, A.D. 1922, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, and that notice of the probate of said petition, and of said hearing thereon, be given by the Court. The above and foregoing is a true copy of record. Attest: HELEN M. DEESCHER. October 2nd, Ork. L. IATHROP & SONS 23 St. and Washington Street OFFICE or it,r month; few minutes' walk, from Frank square, wnte P. U. Box 99, Norwich. octi!8d. - v-. ACTOMOBILES, dchd sthrire it flrfe. proof dry building, $1 a, moriUi; top floor Majestic stoves. Norwich Auto Trimming snop.- -tei. an....... uetzvd TO. BENT t.Tsh... furtisfeed.,roo"mA steam Keated, centrally located; 37S Mali at. pnone-i42j-z -..oS7d xb BEST Tenement J Scfr. redtns. Pass and eleeinoity, lat -School - St. Itfcruire 10U West Main St, Barber Shop; oct27d TO stt Twit famSiiT rhf.in2- Ifie-f nous.eKeeeptng, siu Main St paose octr id, - . TO BENT Sbbrd in new building;, 13 North - Main St. Inquire MalogrreBea. 1 1-2 Thames St., off26d - .0 BENX-Apartments, six rooms, including bath, all modern improvements, steam heat furnished. Tel 1299. 383 Main St. FOR SALE 4.- TO BEST light housekeeping rooms, at a special low price, one of the finest farms in Eastern Connecticut, located within five miles from Franklin Square, with an elegant house, finely furnished, and several barns and garage, together with year-1922 crop harvested, sufficient fuel for long, cold winter. This farm must be sold at once, even if it is obliged to make a big sacrifice on price. This is your chance for only once. For all particulars, inquire of JOHN A. MORAN, REAL ESTATE BROKER. TO LET-Spacious, top floor, for desk, furniture, etc., first-class elevator. WANTED MALE WANTED Experienced Car Salesman to sell high-grade passenger, cart on commission basis. A proposition. Give experience, history, etc in first letter. Married man preferred. Address BOX 19, Bulletin. FOR SALE - FINE COUNTRY HOME, Just outside city, new house, six rooms and bath, all Improvements, over in city. And one-half level land, with fruit trees in abundance; healthful location, in picturesque surroundings. Consult COIT 6 BOLES, square. Frank Havels, telephone 888, 238, T.6, 1st School, St. Apply 3 Bank St, Oct. 1st. TO BE LET Store at 1ST, Franklsburg, St, inquire on board more, St. Oct 21st. TO BE LET Room, 6th St. 39. Farrick St. inquire Ormagt Queen berlret... Phone.?.. : ectlJd heit, Church St. octl7d. .'16" 4Ei Roaia with iicaanette tot light housekeeping, 27 Division St octl6d. -. --,. .. TO BENT Well, furnished, heated rooms, $4.15 Graham St, octlwt WM MITEHlES OUT OAKLAND, ESSEX LU., I -AUC.'AJCl Ul XlKf JULU - HUHJ' is.are enr ww pHMa, nv Mama i I a.Ai vei Batteries, all InamiMd It Katba. I ln W yOU, B. P. Learned Co 2i Shikckit Street FfiRii nAriiA-roRii jSW-tt medeL lth,AeU..15. 111-22 lr-xSfl, 4-1 th ot ahell, tlL 111-1 scel, 1J JJ- -Ford Track ieadel, tli. -1.--t,-'s'6ri'wai.-... -. M j6k$koii co lil-ls Fraatlld fet- S&HKcIt, Clia. 7$ YEARS ESTABLISHED S" 'in 1" 1 " mi 1 11 11 11 an af 1 1 11 11 ii wnmiTt aaa ""'ftm rrjKl'A4( C. ticKfl. Cistra All are invited to attend our auction, including furniture, carpets, and other household items. This is a great opportunity to own a piece of history. TRUCKING 6G3 AKBtBt Movtrk and trucking, dumping, trucks for hire. 21 Cits St. or uccum. -is, tiw tM An to Trucking and Taming furniture and Fiasing moving. V. J. Chetucket St. I, Jt. iosfcVK. ibi West Main St, We I fenUOd given to moving boilers and machinery. itt iss-. septa Willing Saaaley; - Main Street IHiiH Hotels and Express. Zimmerman, 17 Boswell Ave. Tel. 145$. TlAjiriNi and moving, long distance Tft. R:?fT--'An4rtment,.Af,nmd.roema and bath, all modern, at. 15, Franklin, bt- niinnmt. f,hrv Innttir rnl,tl Is ft A Kknd I Store, 4 A Franklin St- jbexd-. TO BEN Ntceiy forrtiSried niraajs,,!! -a Laurel Hill Ave. Phone 1142-fc obi et. LOST AN9 FOUND 0VEKIAII01 - 0$ ALL KINDS Automobiles, Trilckl arlii Cafti MacrtaAieAl nibiirA' Pa7hlina.v Tm- ,fe.rWphelsterini i1t ytted VYerk, SlackiSirthiril . In 'All It Brfliwirtli Sr.0tt H M COfp, -57 TO ilS" NORTH MAIN STREET tWctirig a s?ecialty. stain bt John H. Ford. Hi Phone 791. B...BBOMZJET BOX C. v,itow.t St Fhone 8IS. LOKG L1STANCB MOVING. Mteto, tkniir Tmtf.fr if thtf YiilisJ x Phani ,127-1 itti Plaea I rtivi i F Cdtfitl ti Lini. MLeM L PERJvINS ! Phn SS2-I - Stadii. A lie Bldft PENTIST. COAL AND WOOD FOB SALE Good slab wood, stove lengths, , Address - J. H. Rathbone, Nor wich Town, R, D. No. 9, or Call 1261-3. . .octlld-. - -.. - -. FOB SALE Best dry hara wood ; bas kets or cords; lowest prices. Phone 642. octlld . l COAL ATD SEASONED WOOD and kihdlings In large or small quantities. Phone 604 or 1325-2. R. Shapiro, Willow St., formerly "Durkee Lane. octlld Stcfct 3t? LATINO PAINT AND WAlLpApeB FOB SALE Paint, $1.73 per gaL, reg. tt'tr $2 60 groe; wallpaper, lOo par roil i, ix H r,. r. Hi West Maia St, next to bud Biiua w yld "f-'f. P?-wi Nansidi -z Cess, : ' ' . ."OX SALE -. . . . ,- Two-tenement house, six and ftifi rAnmi eAch apartment with garage lor car, with ail modern improvements. On East Main St., lot 60x150, five minutea' walk from Franklin Square. For full particulars: see v : . , - A. T. COVEtiQ.i , t.. Tel. 1527-$.- . Its Clif Tit 1 FOR SALE Eight-room MODERN COTTAGE, with htrgs lot; very desirably located on Broad St., near corner of' W:lrrcJ St; ; a great opportunity for someone td Secure A very choice home it a talmmum price. For further particulars, ktqilre of -JOHN A. MOBAN REAL ESTATE BROKER. OCtllS - i ranilin iqaare; THFRF ,-Js hb hdvertising medium ui Eastern Connecticut equal to Tne Bulle tin for business . results. . ; , ... s,-. . LOST On tjlis. toid..fr! t'ehanon ta Norwich, 4 hunch o keys In. leather con tainer. Reward if rsturnca.lo H. Arnold Bennett, Lebanon. Phone 24-2. . oct28d iOST Whit!-houndTWlth . tAc-wiw . ear and a few enots ; - mile. Finder . please notify WUliaru Mish, Bot 703 Tiftvllle, Conn. . . . - --' - - - - -Qct28d ' LilST . Will arty, who took.ha4abii at . Buakingham Merpotial Thursday even ing. please return to the Memorial, and no questions will he Asked. - oct2Sd - LOST felaclc. . whie and - tan Bound dog. Without collar. CaU Phonfc .1942. Chns. Suckau. . - ; oct28d FOPN)-rS:The to my place Wedne-1 male hound,! -Owner cad have sajhe.D? 'phombs 1861-13. oct27i 9 r -j:-. Stt- fr'? ifi- J";" JOSEPH BRADF&rta . -llahft a1$Wauuiiai ti $r4l TirERE ,.ia. ho.. aivertUSsg medium in Eastern Connecticut equal tovThe Bulle tin for business results,., ST iAM SHIPS ii .ikiim ,i,i rnk4 .1t-' ttansidson. And Fahre files, -I, -will, book lit-ngur. far ay. parts, of the-werid. e . win. sau , aireci .1.- tHMVEYtOLb SVIRfJEON DENTIST rVESt ftAfN fREE ..TELEPHONE 1399. CANTERBURY GREEN if Is expected that the pastor wi:i civt an Illustrated lecture at the church Sun day eveninar. Mr. and Mrs. Hiram Hawes and fami'j returned Saturday from a ten day visit In Central ValU y. X. Y.. and ntVr place They report a most enjoyabl" t:-i:. Miss Fulton of Mysti"-. liu has vt frlsitin? at t!)n Hawes home, and remain ed di-ins their absence, has r-turni-4 home. Miss Ella Hawen is entertaining Mr. Florence Gove of Waterbury. Mrs. Herbert Tracy and infant daughter Hope returned from Norwich the first of the week. Mr. and Mrs. Howard Hoxie and family are visiting in town at Walter Salter's. The Ladies Aid met Tuesday at the church to work on a quilt. It is thought that one more meeting must be devoted to the work before it is finished. A quiet wedding occurred Saturday evening at the home of Mr. and Mrs. William Wright when Ray Moffit and Mary J. Powers were united in marriage by Rev. Mr. Humphrey. The selectmen, registrars, and town clerk with their wives were enjoying an oyster supper furnished by H. F. Williams, a town official, and the supper was happily turned into a marriage supper for the newlyweds. Mrs. Eveline Peck Lynn passed away at her home at Canterbury Green on Saturday afternoon, Oct 21, after an illness of several months. She was well known in this vicinity, as the most of her life had been spent in this town. She was born in Lisbon, the daughter of John and Susan Ray Peck, who were both of old New England stock. They later located in the southwestern part of Canterbury in what is known as the Peck district. As a young woman, she taught school and became connected with the church at Hanover. She was married in 1897 to Nelson J. Lyon, who lived in the same neighborhood on the Lyon homestead. About two years ago, Mr. and Mrs. Lyon, with their sister, Mrs. Charles Waldo, who was with them, bought the Washington Smith place and moved to the Green. Since living here, Mrs. Lyon had identified herself with the church and its societies and the grand family. And was a faithful worker. Her long illness was borne with great Christian patience and courage. She was devoted to her family. A woman of sterling character, her loss will be deeply felt in the community as well as in her home. Besides her sister and husband, she leaves a stepson, Fred Lyon of Plainfield, a brother, Byron Peck of Norwich, and a nephew; Walter Peck of Boston. The funeral was held at the church on Wednesday afternoon at 1 o'clock following a prayer at the house, and was largely attended. Relatives from Springfield, Lebanon, Norwich, Taftville, Taunton, and many from the old homestead neighborhood, were present. There was a large delegation from Canterbury grange. The service was conducted by the pastor, Rev. Robert Humphrey. Two hymns were sung by the choir. The casket was surrounded by beautiful flowers. Among them were wreaths from the church. Ladies' Aid society and the congregation. The bearers were Hale Fonton, Clinton Frink, Levi Clark, and Hart Gert. Burial was in the family lot near the Hanover cemetery, where a gathering of local friends was awaiting the memorial service. A most touching incident was the measured telling of the church; as the procession passed through the village. DR. HARRY PROTASS Bremen Phone 1St nefotiST 11 ftafn Street Over VVAoIwrt,' If.yi,,rrteaa; business at I T4lf5t B$J NdrWich; Conn. Proprietor. will sell direct from Ne Bedford, Getman direct to BamoorJ or JefAUA rTyir, BatllCi The Li v viir.o -z..... :- leoiso CLA6fOt3IST DR. KINKJEAD, CAAtrxL, CONSEBVAtliM DENTIST. ' 'r t$ Saetacket St FotepJi?ofec5oU;le fc ft$ CltlllTcLAllN 1 O At: t'Ui'R-l 'SalA C - X'jkwJ.Sl J "O AilUtij. JlUg.i 0 tkX maVIIA a?L - Al tAI. n IV At DENTAL SURGEON ik-Gfin Bis Karwiori, Cnri, tagg-frTi-TiM? r-i-'i f -- -- --1 pniNTi Nrj tiGi&i.j cosam, it srrsaBitai i l.riT- W anfiT'YI.."IS 6fELi St. r-r. r. r. -w- v - A A, rsra: is tartgs frsw t'.td. I'uvci. n(ca.et at 4itT vIvt ".A,, vA4,it: 1sbe(if tffe public. Ultra 1 no r,..i- Wen better, thka. through the advertiiU Volumes of "ine Uet'JA... ATTAWAUGAN Mr. and Mrs.: Joseph Dennis and Mr And Mrj. JtSeph 1-U-sclton motored tc Providence. Saturday. Thomas Emerson and Cecil L-ser oi Worcester were the guests of Mr. and Mr. Albert Rollinson over the weekend John Hemingway and Mr. and Mrs. Archie Hemingway and children of Arctic, H. 1 called on friends here Sunday. Mr. and Mrs. John PecMr. Jr., and several others from Woodstock. Mrs. Joseph Lyons visited the mother at Woodstock Sunday. Dennis Allx, Jr., has completed painting his house. Edward Blackburn, who has been an artist well dug. Mrs. Raymond Mitchell and Mr. and Mrs. Albert Rolfson attended the funeral of William Eursess at Taftville on Monday. Miss Bella L'homme, who has been very ill, is able to be out again. Walter Hopkins is moving his family to White's Crossing. There's no reason why a train shouldn't be better if she wants to, but she shouldn't try to board a train.
| 47,184 |
https://github.com/Samsung/Castanets/blob/master/chrome/common/extensions/docs/server2/manifest_features_test.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,021 |
Castanets
|
Samsung
|
Python
|
Code
| 113 | 392 |
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
# found in the LICENSE file.
import unittest
from manifest_features import ConvertDottedKeysToNested
class ManifestFeaturesTest(unittest.TestCase):
def testConvertDottedKeysToNested(self):
docs = {
'doc1.sub2': {
'name': 'doc1.sub2'
},
'doc1': {
'name': 'doc1'
},
'doc2': {
'name': 'doc2'
},
'doc1.sub1.subsub1': {
'name': 'doc1.sub1.subsub1'
},
'doc1.sub1': {
'name': 'doc1.sub1'
}
}
expected_docs = {
'doc1': {
'name': 'doc1',
'children': {
'sub1': {
'name': 'sub1',
'children': {
'subsub1': {
'name' :'subsub1'
}
}
},
'sub2': {
'name': 'sub2'
}
}
},
'doc2': {
'name': 'doc2'
}
}
self.assertEqual(expected_docs, ConvertDottedKeysToNested(docs))
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
| 33,644 |
https://github.com/cberkner/sankirtan/blob/master/includes/vendor/jtlshop/shop4-systemcheck/lib/systemcheck/lib/Systemcheck/Environment.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
sankirtan
|
cberkner
|
PHP
|
Code
| 410 | 1,159 |
<?php
/**
* @copyright JTL-Software-GmbH
* @package jtl\Systemcheck\Shop4
*/
/**
* Systemcheck_Environment
*/
class Systemcheck_Environment
{
/**
* passed
* @var bool
*/
protected $passed = null;
/**
* getIsPassed
* @return bool
*/
public function getIsPassed()
{
return $this->passed;
}
/**
* Enumerate tests for a specific test group name
*
* @param string $group
* @return array
*/
private function getTests($group)
{
$files = array();
$folder = dirname(__FILE__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'Tests' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $group;
if (is_dir($folder)) {
if (($dh = opendir($folder)) !== false) {
while (($file = readdir($dh)) !== false) {
// skip hidden files too! (starting with dots in 'nix-like systems),
// and skip "_"-starting files, to make "deactivation" as simple as possible in the filesystem
if ($file === '.' || $file === '..' || 0 === strpos($file, '.') || 0 === strpos($file, '_')) {
continue;
}
if (is_dir($folder . '/' . $file)) {
continue;
}
$files[] = $file;
}
closedir($dh);
}
}
foreach ($files as $key => $file) {
$files[$key] = 'Systemcheck_Tests_' . $group . '_' . rtrim($file, '.php');
}
return $files;
}
/**
* Execute test group
*
* @param string $group
* @return array
*/
public function executeTestGroup($group)
{
$result = array(
'recommendations' => array(),
'apache_config' => array(),
'php_config' => array(),
'php_modules' => array(),
'programs' => array()
);
$tests = $this->getTests($group);
$this->passed = true;
$vCompletedTests = array();
foreach ($tests as $test) {
/** @var Systemcheck_Tests_Test $testObject */
$testObject = new $test();
// check a property here, if that test is "replacable by one other".
// if that is the case, we skip this test (and "continue;" to the next one).
if (($szReplacement = $testObject->getIsReplaceableBy()) !== false) {
// prevents double execution of one Test
if (in_array($szReplacement, array_keys($vCompletedTests))) {
$bReplacementResult = $vCompletedTests[$szReplacement]->getResult();
} else {
/** @var Systemcheck_Tests_Test $oReplacementTest */
$oReplacementTest = new $szReplacement();
$oReplacementTest->execute();
$bReplacementResult = $oReplacementTest->getResult();
}
// a Test can replaced by Another, if the Other is "optional" (and/or "recommend")
if ($bReplacementResult === Systemcheck_Tests_Test::RESULT_OK) {
continue; // skip the "execution" and "listing" of this current test
}
}
$vCompletedTests[get_class($testObject)] = $testObject; // store "completed" to prevent double-testing above
$testObject->execute();
if ($testObject->getResult() !== Systemcheck_Tests_Test::RESULT_OK) {
if (!$testObject->getIsOptional()) {
$this->passed = false;
} elseif ($testObject->getIsRecommended()) {
$result['recommendations'][] = $testObject;
}
}
if ($testObject instanceof Systemcheck_Tests_ApacheConfigTest) {
$result['apache_config'][] = $testObject;
} elseif ($testObject instanceof Systemcheck_Tests_PhpConfigTest) {
$result['php_config'][] = $testObject;
} elseif ($testObject instanceof Systemcheck_Tests_PhpModuleTest) {
$result['php_modules'][] = $testObject;
} elseif ($testObject instanceof Systemcheck_Tests_ProgramTest) {
$result['programs'][] = $testObject;
}
}
return $result;
}
}
| 45,695 |
https://github.com/AbelDM/botica-fameza-ua/blob/master/api/serializers.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
botica-fameza-ua
|
AbelDM
|
Python
|
Code
| 62 | 187 |
from rest_framework import serializers
from fameza.models import User, Product, Customer, Orders, Feedback
class userSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = '__all__'
class customerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Customer
fields = '__all__'
class productSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Product
fields = '__all__'
class ordersSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Orders
fields = '__all__'
class feedbackSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Feedback
fields = '__all__'
| 17,349 |
https://github.com/ogunes-ebi/impc-production-tracker/blob/master/impc_prod_tracker/rest-api/src/test/java/org/gentar/framework/asserts/json/ProjectCustomizations.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
impc-production-tracker
|
ogunes-ebi
|
Java
|
Code
| 134 | 740 |
package org.gentar.framework.asserts.json;
import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.Customization;
import org.skyscreamer.jsonassert.RegularExpressionValueMatcher;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class ProjectCustomizations
{
public static Customization[] ignoreIdsAndDates()
{
List<Customization> customizationList = new ArrayList<>();
customizationList.add(buildCustomizationForTpn());
customizationList.add(buildCustomizationForPin());
customizationList.add(buildCustomizationForSequencesId());
customizationList.add(buildCustomizationForSequenceLocationId());
customizationList.add(buildCustomizationForConsortiaInstitutesId());
customizationList.addAll(buildCustomizationForStatusDates());
customizationList.add(buildCustomizationForSelfLink());
customizationList.addAll(buildCustomizationForPlansLinks());
return customizationList.toArray(new Customization[0]);
}
private static Customization buildCustomizationForConsortiaInstitutesId()
{
return CustomizationHelper.buildIdCustomization("consortia**.id");
}
private static Customization buildCustomizationForSequencesId()
{
return CustomizationHelper.buildIdCustomization("**.sequence.id");
}
private static Customization buildCustomizationForSequenceLocationId()
{
return CustomizationHelper.buildIdCustomization("**sequenceLocations**.id");
}
private static Customization buildCustomizationForTpn()
{
return new Customization(
"tpn", new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<>(CustomizationConstants.TPN_PATTERN));
}
private static Customization buildCustomizationForPin()
{
return new Customization(
"pin", new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<>(CustomizationConstants.PIN_PATTERN));
}
private static List<Customization> buildCustomizationForStatusDates()
{
List<Customization> customizations = new ArrayList<>();
customizations.add(CustomizationHelper.buildDateCustomization("assignmentStatusStamps[**].date"));
return customizations;
}
private static Customization buildCustomizationForSelfLink()
{
return new Customization(
"_links.self.href",
new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<>(CustomizationConstants.TPN_URL_PATTERN));
}
private static List<Customization> buildCustomizationForPlansLinks()
{
List<Customization> customizations = new ArrayList<>();
customizations.add(new Customization(
"_links.productionPlans[**].href",
new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<>(CustomizationConstants.PIN_URL_PATTERN)));
customizations.add(new Customization(
"_links.phenotypingPlans[**].href",
new RegularExpressionValueMatcher<>(CustomizationConstants.PIN_URL_PATTERN)));
return customizations;
}
}
| 17,820 |
histoiredelabba01henrgoog_3
|
French-PD-diverse
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,853 |
Histoire de l'abbaye de Saint-Germain d'Auxerre, Ordre de Saint Benoît et de la Congrégation de Saint Maur
|
Henry, Waast Barthélemy
|
French
|
Spoken
| 7,113 | 11,321 |
M. Gai dit que Tusage de donner cette bénédiction aux enfants malades s'est établi, non-seulement dans toutes les stations où le corps de saint Germain fut déposé , mais encore qu'il a lieu dans beaucoup d'églises et de chapelles bien éloignées de son passage. Ensuite il décrit la route qu'on suivit en montrant sur cette voie des églises , des chapelles, des croix dédiées en son honueur (1). Héric (1) Dans le Noyarais, dit-il, une charte de Fan 840 y fait figurer un courtil de Saint-Germain et une vUla du même nom. De Novare à Yerceil , il n'y a que neuf milles d'Italie. Dans la dei^ nière de ces villes, l'histoire nous a conservé le lieu précis de la station où saint Germain s'arrêta , en allant à Ra venue , et où son corps tut déposé lors de sa translation. Sollicité par Tévêque , saint Albin , de consacrer la cathédrale qu'on venait de rebâtir , sous le vocable de saint Eusèbe, il promit de le faire en revenant de Ravenne^ où il allait en toute hAte ; ^e eut lieu, en effet, mais par la seule présence de son corps, ce qui fut regardé comme une consécration merveilleuse, et on en célèbre encore la dédicace ce jour-là. A cinq milles de Yerceil, au couchant, on rencontre sur la route un grand bourg qui porte le nom de Saint-Germain, et qui est sans doute le même dont (ait menUon une charte de 1071. Le corps fut porté de là à Quinto , à cinq milles romains et au couchant d'Ivrée , près de Borgo-Franco II y a , en ce lieu , une grande et magnifique chapelle qui lui est dédiée. Jusqu'en 1200, époque de la construction de Borgo, elle servait d'église paroissiale , mais alors on en bâtit une nouvelle , DB SAINT-GERMAIN. 41 en disait autant au huitième siècle. On retrouve encore aujourd'hui tous ces monuments. sous le Yocable de saint Maurice et de saint Germain. Néanmoins, on a coutume d'aUer vénérer le saint Pontife dans Téglise primitive, n s'y fait un grand concours de'^fidéles qui y viennent de loin et appor tait avec eux leinrs enfants. On entre ensuite dans la vallée d'Aoste , et là, au nord-est, au pied du célèbre fort du Bard, se trouve une église paroissiale où saint Germain est vénéré sur un autel latéral ; on y porte aussi des enfants. A une heure de marche , on arrive à Amad, dont Téglise, selon la tradition, lui fut autrefois dédiée. A trois heures environ de ce bourg, on atteint Montjavet (l^ons-Jovis), Sur ce promontoire et au bord de l'antique voie romaine, on remarque, sous la même invocation, une église dont rorigine se perd dans la nuit des temps. Sa Juridiction était eonsîdérable, elle s'étendait Jusqu'à Champ-de>Praz. On s'y rend en core de paroisses assez éloignées pour invoquer le grand thaumaturge et y apporter des enfants pour recevoir sa bénédiction. Dans réglise du bourg de Saint-Vincent, k une heure de marche de Saint-Germain, on donne aussi sa bénédiction aux enfents, et Ton descend, pour cette cérémonie, dans la crypte qui est sous le chœur. De saintVincent au liourg de Ghambave, connu par son vin muscat, à une heure et demie de chemin , on trouve encore une chapelle de Saint-Germain, puis une autre dans une église qui s'élève sur la colHne, au nord. De là on arrive à la cité d'Aoste , où saint Germain était honoré autrefois dans réglise des Gordeliers; depuis la suppression du couvent, sous le régime français, la relique du saint évéque fut transportée dans rinsigne collégiale de Saint-Pierre et SaintOurs, au faubourg. Un chanoine est chargé de donner la bénédiction aux enfants qu'on y porte en grand nombre. Cette pratique de religion est reçue dans toutes les classes de la société. A deux petites lieues de la cité, dans réglise de Saint-Léger d'Aimt ville , se trouve un autel de saint Germain et de saint Léonard. Cette église, dont le sanctuaire est tourné à l'occident, est construite sur une autre église souterraine bien orientée ; elle mérite r intérêt des archéo logues. Enfin , à six heures de marche de Saint-Léger^ sur la route du petit Saint-Bernard, se trouve le hameau de la Balme. Dans r antique cha pelle de ce village , on voit sur un autel Timage de saint Germain , et récemment on a ûdt faire une nouvelle statue. La tradition rapporte que son corps s'arrêta dans ce lieu. i4 HISTOIRE DE L* ABBAYE sèment jusque-là sans exemple, et d'un amour qu'elles ne comprennent pas, se jettent aux pieds de ces envoyés de Dieu, leur demandent la guérison de leurs malades, la cessation des fléaux du ciel. Leur confiance est si grande, qu'elles croient pouvoir tout obtenir par leur médiation. En effet , à leur aspect les armées barbares s'arrêtent (i) , les bourreaux sont désarmés, les prisons s'ouvrent (2). S'ils meurent, la langue n'a pas assez de richesse d'expressions pour publier leurs bienfaits. Le comte Ghérard , homme puissant par son rang et sa fortune , qui fut le fondateur de l'abbaye de Vézelay , de celle de Poultiers et de tant (1) On montre encore à Troyes , prés de rhôpital , le lien où saint Loup , évéque de cette ylUe , arrêta Attila , roi des Huns. Le prince barbare^ frappé de respect à la vue de cet homme vénérable, suspend la marche de son armée et épargne la ville. (2) Saint Germain traversant une certaine rue, à Ravenne, entendit ane foule de prisonniers qui, instruits de son passage, lui demandaient leur grâce à grands cris ; il va trouver l'Empereur, obtient leur élar gfssement, fait ouvrir la porte de la prison, et cette foule de détenus accompagne son libérateur jusqu'à réglise , pour remercier Dien avee lui de son heureuse délivrance. L'historien Constance dit qu'il se mit en prière, et qu'aussitôt les portes des prisons s'ouvrirent et que les chaînes des prisonniers se rompirent. Viole, vie de saint Germain, p. 4t1. Fortunat rapporte que saint Crermain , évéqne de Paris, étant passé à Àvallon, descendit chez le comte de cette ville. Celui-ci ne crut pouvoir mieux fêter son hôte qu'en lui remettant les clefs delà prison. Le Saint , plein de joie de pouvoir faire des heureux , y court aussitôt, et annonce aux détenus qu'an nom de Jésus-Christ , il les rend à la liberté. Ces actes de charité lui étaient si femiliers, qu'on le représente avec des clefs à la main. Courtépée, t. 7. Jusqu'en 1789, lorsque l'évêque deNevers prenait possession de son siège , en traversant une certaine rue , le concierge lui remettait les clefe des prisons. Après la cérémonie , il envoyait un homme de loi interroger les détenus. Sur son rapport, il se transportait aux prisons, et, après une exhortation paternelle adressée aux malheureux qui y étaient renfermés , il les renvoyait libres et quittes envers la société , quelques crimes qu'ils eussent commis. Album du Nivernais, p. ^iSif. DB SAINT-GERMAIN. 15 d'autres, a reçu de si grands éloges de la part des moines, ses historiens, à cause du bien qu'il avait fait aux maisons religieuses, aux églises et aux pauvres, que sa vie a fini par devenir un roman, etqu'aujourd'hui on n'a rien de certain sur cet homme de bien. C'est l'histoire de l'humanité. Les anciais n'ont-ils pas mis au rang de leurs dieux ou de leurs demi-dieux, ces hommes fameux, dont le courage les avait délivrés des brigands qui infestaient leur territoire. Que n'a-t-on pas dit, dans ces derniers temps, d'un saint Yin cent-de-Paul, ce héros chrétien qui a tant honoré l'huma nité? Ces gi*ands hommes sont comme des reflets de la divinité dont ils sont les images. Toute la religion se réduit à la pratique de la charité, c'est-à^lire à aimer Dieu et le prochain. C'est pourquoi^ toutes les fois qu'on verra paraître un homme animé de cette vertu suprême, les populations soufhrantes pousseront des cris d'allégresse, parce que, diront-elles, un père veille sur nous. Ces réflexions aideront à comprendre pourquoi saint Germain a reçu tant d'éloges et pourquoi on lui a attribué tant de mirades. Sa vie a été écrite par Constance, prêtre de Lyon, environ quarante-deux ans après sa mort. Nous laissons à d'autres à tracer le tableau magnifique que présente son pontificat. Ses trente années sur le siège d'Âuxerre ont fait faire un pas immense à la civilisation, n se présente sur le passage des barbares, protégeant les populations vaincues, d'une part , convertissant et civili sant les hordes conquérantes de l'autre. Soutenu de l'héroïsme de son clergé et de la sagesse de ses institutions tutélaires, il se place entre les vainqueurs et les vaincus. Rien de prodigieux comme son activité : deux voyages en Angleterre, un dans le Hidi, un troisième en Italie, et tant d'autres dont on ne nous a point parlé. Germain se trouve dans les temples, dans les hospices, dans les prisons, dans les càmps^ dans les cours, partout où il y a un maltieur à 16 HISTOIRB DE l'aBBAYB réparer, un crime à pardonner, une victime à sauver, une arreur à foudroyer, une grande cfaiose à exécuter. Un fait qui domine tous les autres et qui justifie la haute idée que les peuples ont eue de lui, c'est le grand nombre d'églises, de villes, de bourgs , de villages qu'on rencontre de toutes parts, portant son nom. Il n'est pas jusqu'à la plus ancienne basilique de la capitale qui ne soit dédiée à saint Germain TAuxerrois. a Je ne finirais point, dit l'abbé Lebeuf, si j'entreprenais de rapporter le nombre d'églises qui sont sous son invoca tion , puisque , dans le seul diocèse de Sens, on en compte près de quarante. Les savants collecteurs des Actes des Saints avouent, dans les préliminaires de sa vie, que l'an cienne Église des Gaules le préférait à tous les saints de la nation, et l'égalait même au grand saint Martin, puisqu'il y a, selon eux, presque autant d'églises de son nom que de celui du saint évêque de Tours... Je crois pouvoir aioKh ter, continue-t-il, que saint Germain est, avec saint Martin, le seul dont les Églises de France aient dit dans les hymnes de l'office public, qu'il égalait les apôtres. On a chanté, de saint Martin, une strophe qui commence par ces mots : Martine par Apostolis (Martin égal aux Apôtres), et on en chante , dans toutes les provinces du royaume , une autre composée, dès le neuvième siècle, avec cette strophe : Germanm admirahilis. Est hujm auctor gaudii, Quo nemo post Apostolos, Alter fuit prœstantior (1). » Le témoignage du jésuite Alford est formel là-dessus , pour ce qui regarde la Grande-Bretagne , puisqu'il assure (1) L'admirable Germain est Tauteur de ce jour de Joie. Depuis les Apôtres, aucun saint n'a brillé dans Téglise par autant de yertoa. M SAIHT-OEMIAIN. 17 qu'on y a élevé, sous son nom^ des églises, des monastères, des autels et même des yiUes. La Savoie, le Piémont , le MSanais et autres quartiers de l'Italie , ont aussi , comme BOUS l'avons tu, leurs églises du titre de Saint-Germain. Un ouvrage de Paul Britio (I) , évéque d'Albe , écrit en italien, confirme les mêmes faits. « Les miracles opérés par saint Germain , dans le passage qu'il fit pendant sa vie et après sa mort par le Piémont , furent si nombreux et si éclatants , que non-seulement on trouve beaucoup d'é glises, d'autels et de chapelles qui lui sont dédiés, mais encore qudques terres et nobles châteaux qui conservent, avec le nom, le yéritable souvenir de saint Germain. » Constance, Grégoire de Tours , Héric et beaucoup d'autres se sont plu à peindre ses vertus, à raconter ses miracles et à le présenter comme le plus illustre personnage et le pontife le {dm accompli de son siècle. Pour ne rien omettre de ce qui a rapport à l'histoire du monastère de Saint-Germain , nous parlerons d'abord de ses aU)és jusqu'à Heldric, en 989. Ces hommes, pour la plupart recommandables par la sainteté de leur vie, ont illustré la ville d'Auxerre. SAINT SATURNE. Le nouveau monastère, situé assez loin de la Tille pour n'en pas entendre le bruit, s'étendait, au levant, jusqu'à la rivière , qui baignait ses jardins. Le quai , le port , les prom^iades, et surtout la grande route , n'existaient pas «scœre. Satune , un des hommes les (dus éminents et les plus (1) M CarmoipuAa, 1648 , 1. 1, p. 212. Descript. des saintes grotteti, «S46, p. 119. iS HISTOIRE DE L* ABBAYE vénérables de son siècle , fut élevé au sacerdoce par saint Germain , dont il avait été le disci[de bien-^imé. La con* fiance dont l'homme de Dieu l'avait environné^ justifie pleinement le titre de saint que FEglise d'Âuxerre lui a décerné. On croit qu'il remplissait les fonctions d'archi diacre en Tabsence du saint évêque et qu'il gouvernait le diocèse. Ayant appris sa mort, il en avertit le clergé de la ville et se mit en marche av^c lui pour aller au devant de son corps. En 494, Clotilde, nièce de Gondebault, roi de Bourgogne^ ayant passé à Auxerre en allant célébrer ses noces avec CloviS; vint prier devant le tombeau de saint Germain. Cette princesse s'étonna de voir reposer les reliques de ce grand saint dans une église aussi modeste que l'était alors l'oratoire de Saint-Maurice. C'est pourquoi elle forma la résolution d'en bâtir une qui répondît à sa haute destina-* tion. En quittant Auxerre^ elle donna des ordres pour qu'on en commençât immédiatement les travaux. On croit qu'elle fut construite de l'an 496 à Tan 510. 11 serait difficile aujourd'hui de se faire une idée des constructions de sainte Clotilde, à cause du changement que cette église a éprouvé dans la suite des siècles. Héric lui donne le titre de basilique et ajoute qu'elle était spacieuse et remarqua ble par son architecture (i). La nef, que l'on croyait avoir fait partie de cet ancien édifice, fut démolie en 1820. Elle avait trente-neuf mètres de longueur, en y comprenant la travée, qui subsiste encore, à l'entra de la partie que l'on a conservée. Sa largeur était de vingt mètres. Les côtés latéraux en avaient dix et demi de hauteur, sous clef. Une seconde nef latérale , haute de cinq mètres , superposée à la première, régnait en forme de tribune autour de la grande, comme on le voit dans un plan conservé dans le (1) IngentU fabricœ atque operosœ amplitudinis. Héric, 1. 1, cap. 26. DE SAINT-GERMAIN. 19 manuscrit de dom Cotrou (1). On pense qu'une partie du portail, démoli en 1820, n'appartenait pas au siècle de Clotilde, car alors les constructions étaient romanes. Ce portail avait deux tours si différentes Tune de Vautre, qu'on jugeait qu^évidemment elles n'étaient pas du même temps. La tour carrée, au couchant, dite de Saint-Maurice, aveq ses quatre ouvertures ogivales superposées, et son toit surbaissé, était de même date que le portail. Elle a aussi été démolie en 1820, avec le pignon qui la joignait à l'autre et dont la pointe était décorée d une statue de la Vierge , de grande dimension , les mains croisées sur la poitrine, et revêtue d'une longue robe plissée et riche ment ornée. Cette statue semblait dominer tout l'édifice , et indiquait l'honneur que la Reine du Ciel recevait dans l'abbaye. La tour du levant trouva grâce devant les démo lisseurs. Sa forme svelte , sa flèche en pierre qui s'élanco dans la nue, fixent au loin l'attention des voyageurs. En avant des deux tours et du pignon qui les reliait ensemble, se trouvait un autre portail formant trois arceaux, qui figuraient autant de portes, quoiqu'il n'y en eût qu'une seule, dans celui du milieu. Au-dessus de ces arceaux s'élevaient trois pointes de pignon, qui répondaient aux deux tours et au pignon monumental dont il a été parlé. Chaque pignon renfermait, dans des niches, divers statues et emblèmes. On voit que l'artiste , animé d'une foi vive , avait un ardent désir d'exciter dans l'ame de ses admirateurs l'horreur du vice et l'amour de la vertu. Outre la Vierge qui occupait le sommet de la façade, on voyait sur le pignon du milieu , le Père éternel, assis sur un trône , entouré d'un ornement elliptique ; à droite et à gauche étaient un lion, un taureau, un aigle et un ange, caractères symboliques des quatre évangelistes. (I) Page 466. 20 HISTOIRE DE LABBA^'E Le pignon répondant à l'cincienne tour représentait saint Germain revêtu de ses habits pontificaux, tenant son bâton pastoral d'une main, et de l'autre donnant sa bénédiction à la ville d'Auxerre. Deux archidiacres placés à ses côtés, semblaient l'assister. Les mutilations faites aux figures du troisième pignon, ne permettaient pas de distinguer ce qu'elles représentaient; c'était sans doute encore une scène de la vie de saint Germain , car le personnage du milieu était un évêque. Au-dessus de sa tête , un ange à genoux, les mains jointes, les ailes étendues, offrait à l'Éternel les prières de l'homme de Dieu. Un coup d'oeil jeté sur les dessins de ce portail, qu'on a reproduit à diverses reprises, donneront une idée plus complète de ce monument que les descriptions qu'on pourrait en faire. Le pavé de la nef de l'église de sainte Clotilde n'était pas au niveau de celui des rues de la ville. Comme le teiTain avait une pente rapide, on avait été obligé de l'abaisser de trois mètres pour ne pas avoir trop d'élévation à l'autre extrémité. Voici le jugement que l'abbé Lebeuf portait sur l'anti quité de l'église de Saint-Germain. « Elle a un chœur du quatorzième siècle ; il n'y a que la nef, les tours et le portail qui sont de quelques siècles auparavant. La tour la plus basse est très ancienne ; mais rien n'y surpasse, en anti quité, les restes qu'on y aperçoit derrière la grande tour, du côté de Saint-Loup : leur structure, qui est de pierres de taille, taillées, les unes en rond, les autres en forme de croix, d'autres en lozanges, avec des figures d'animaux, d'un travail tout particulier, porte à croire qu'ils ont fait partie de l'édifice bâti par sainte Clotilde, dans le goût mérovingiaque (1). » (I) Leb., Prise d'Auxerre. DE SAINT-GERMAIN. il La iKmvelle église prit le nom de saint Germain. Durant le séjour que la princesse fit à Auxerre, la mort enleya un évéque de sa suite, nommé Loup, qui fut enterré auprès de ce saint patron. Son tombeau se voyait encore au huitième ^ècle, avec cette inscription en latin et en caractères gothiques (i) : «Ici repose saint Loup, évéque d'heureuse mémoire, qui Tint de la Haute-Bourgogne avec la reine Clotilde, dans le temps qu'elle faisait bâtir Téglise de Saint Germain. Il tomba malade dans cette ville et y mourut le i5 juin. • Ce lieu étant le plus vénéré de toute la ville d' Auxerre, on y transporta le baptistère (2). Un ancien martyrologe de Corbieen place la dédicace au i5 avril, sans en marquer l'année. Dans ces premiers temps, on ne baptisait que les adultes, et seulement à la fête de Pâques, à moins qu'il n'y eut péril de mort. Le dix-huitième canon du concile d' Auxerre, de l'année 590, l'ordonne expressément. Qotaire I**, fils de Clotilde et de Clovis, se chargea d'or ner et d'enrichir la basilique que sa mère avait élevée. D fit décorer le tombeau de saint Germain d'une coupole ou voûte d'argent doré. Son épouse Ingonde donna, pour le service de l'église, de riches ornements, des vases d'or et (I) Les caractères goUûqoes n'indiqaent pas toujoars aoe haate anUqoité : ils commencèreDt lors de la décadence des arts et des sciences. Oo donna à ces nonTeiles lettres , firmts d'imaginaUons fan tastiqoes, le nom des Goths, qui Tenaient de renyerser Tempire romain. Ao treizième siècle, récritore gothique eut une phase hrillante, les caractères s* arrondirent en formes gracieuses. L*usagè de ces lettres devint alors général : elles perdirent dans Topinion publique au quinzième siècle et disparurent au seizième, car elles furent abolies sous Henri If. On doit à l'imprimerie le retour à un mode d'écriture clair et régulier. (i) Viole , mém., I. 3., p. 808. Ce baptistère étai! sons la tour de Saiot-Mam-ice. âS HISTOIRE DE l' ABBAYE d'argent du plus grand prix, parmi lesquels on remarquait un calice d'or fin orné de pierres précieuses. A cette époque, Grégoire de Tours, et après lui Héric, rapportent qu'un trésorier d'Auvergne, nommé Nunnius, s'en retournant de Sens par Auxerre, alla faire sa prière devant le tombeau de saint Germain. Se voyant seul, il tire son épée et en enlève un éclat, dont il s'empare comme d'une rdique, et l'emporte dans son pays. Pour réparer sa témérité, dont il se sentit puni de Dieu, il bâtit àMoissac une église en l'honneur de ce saint, et y déposa sa relique. Grégoire de Tours avait visité cette église avec saint Avit, cvêque de Glermont. Saint Germain était alors en grande vénération. Les miracles opérés par son intercession, et surtout par ses reliques, animaient la confiance des nouveaux chrétiens. Pour juger les faits dont nous parlons, il faut se transpor ter au sixième siècle. On y voit des fidèles dans leur jtfe mière ferveur. Tout ce qu'ils apprennent de la religion chrétienne les émeut, les frappe : ils croient, ils prient, ils invoquent les saints. Tout ce qui leur arrive de bonheur, ils l'attribuent aux amis de Dieu, qu'ils ont invoqués. Heureux temps, où la foi remplissait le cœur des fidèles! Us ignoraient le vide efl'royable que le scepticisme laisse^ aujourd'hui dans les âmes. SAINT MACHAIRE, Saint Machaire avait renoncé au monde dès sa jeunesse. 11 vivait dans un parfait détachement des choses créées. Appelé à gouverner le monastère de Saint-Germain, son exemple donnait un grand poids à ses exhortations j c'est aux saints qu'il appartient de former les saints. Plusieurs religieux, que l'Église honore aujourd'hui d'un culte par DE 6AINT-GBRMAIN. 23 iiculter , se sont fœtnés à son école. Tels furent saint Valéry et saint Blimond, aaïquels il donna Tbabit de religion. Quelques auteurs (1) pensent que saint Valéry fit pro* fesaîou à Autumon^ en Auvergne» où il était né, et que, dans le dessein de se perfectionner dans la vertu, il vint dans l'abbaye de Saint-Germain d'Auxerre, où l'on suivait une r^le très austère. Après y avoir passé quelques an nées, il apprit la réputation de sainteté dont jouissaient les moines de Luxeuil, et se sentit un grand désir d'aller les vHiter ; car les saints de la terre se comprennent de Imn et cherchent à se rapprocher pour s'édifier mutuellement. Il savait aussi que saint Colomban, qui gouvernait Lnxeuii, était un grand maître de la vie spirituelle. Saint Hachaire se rendit aux dérârs de Valéry, lui donna sa bénédiction, et l'envoya dans ce monastère» où il demeura plusieurs années. Saint Colomban ayant été obligé de le quitter, Valary le gouverna à sa place. Plus tard, il fonda celui de Leuconay. Ses jeûnes étaient si rigoureux qu'il passait plu sieurs jours sans manger. Des branches d'arbres étendues par terre lui servaient de lit. Malgré sa grande régularité, il se r^;ardaii comme un moine négligent et inutile, ne craignant rien tant, après le péché, que d'avoir une répu tation de vertu et de sainteté. Mais laissons la vie de saint Valéry, qui s'éloigne de notre sujet, puisqu'il n'est plus à Saint-Germain. Saint Blimond qui y était entré quelque temps après lui, se sentant aussi le désir d'avancer dans la perfection, demanda comme lui d'aller à Luxeuil. Saint Machaire, qui ne désirait que la plus grande gloire de Dieu et le salut de ses moines, lui accorda sa demande. Ce fut dans ce même temps, environ Tan 500, que saint (I) Dom Viole lui lait prendre Thabit religieax à Saint-Germain. Rainliert de Leoconay, ^i a écrit sa vie, et Mabillon, act. Ben., t. 2, diseot que ce fut à Aatamon. 24 HISTOIRE DE l' ABBAYE Marien, né dans le BeiTy. fut reçu à Âuxerre au nombre des moines de Saiut-Côme et Saint-Damien. U fit de grands progrès dans la perfection* L'abbé mit son hnmilité à une épreuve aussi longue qu'humiliante^ en lui ordonnant d'aller garder les troupeaux du monastère à MéziUes, dans une propriété de l'abbaye. Le Saint obéit à ce commande ment avec autant de promptitude que les hoounes en mettent à courir aux places et aux honneurs. L'abnégation, la douceur, l'humilité et l'obéissance, étaient ses v^tus dominantes. L'habitude qu'il avait contractée d'être tou jours uni à Dieu par la prière, purifia tellement ses affec tions, qu'il ne tenait plus à la terre. Le Seigneur honora sa patience et sa simplicité du don des miracles, en sorte qu'il devint célèbre dans le diocèse d'Auxerre. Parmi les différents traits de sa vie, on rapporte que des voleurs, ayant enlevé une partie de son troupeau, s'enfon cèrent dans le bois. Ces misérables, après avoir marché longtemps, se trouvèrent le soir auprès de sa cellule; le Saint les ayant aperçus , court à leur renccmtre, les presse d'entrer chez lui , et leur prodigue tous les ser vices de l'hospitalité monastique. Les ravisseurs, confus de tant de bonté, et frappés de son air vénérable, non-seule ment lui rendirent ce qu'ils avaient enlevé, mais encore, l'un d'eux, qui était payen, voulut recevoir le baptême de ses mains (1), Saint Marien mourut dans l'abbaye de Fontenet (2), à sept lieues de Mézilles, le 29 août 548. Son corps fut rap porté, avec une grande pompe, dans son monastère qui bientôt prit son nom. Ses reliques , objet d'une grande vénération, furent portées, lors du passage des Normands, (1) nom Cotron, p. 464. (2) Ce monastère, de l'Ordre de Grammout, était pré» de CorYal^ r0rgueillcu.. DE SAINT-GERMAJX. 25 dans les saintes grottes de Saint-Gennain , où elles sont demeurées. Le vénérable Machaire mourut vers l'an 585 (1), laissant le monastère rempli du souvenir de ses vertus. Saint Auifôire, évêque d'Auxerre, n'oublia pas en mourant les moines de Saint-Germain y il leur laissa la moitié de ses biens parmi lesquels se trouvait la terre de Corbeil, en Gâtinais, celle de Domecy-sur-le-Vault, celle de Vézelay, 4e CakHiniacum dans FAvallonais , et de Bouiliy dans le Sénonais. Les religieux de Saint-Germain suivaient la règle des monastères d'Orient; elle était aussi pratiquée dans les établissements que saint Hilaire et saint Martin avaient érigés dans les Gaules. Les fondateurs des grands monas tères avaient la liberté de se faire une règle particulière. Us la composaient d'anciennes pratiques auxquelles ils en ajoutaient quelques nouvelles. De là ce mélange de la règle de saint Benoit, de celle de saint Colomban et de celle des moines d'Orient , qui subsista encore quelque temps. Cbarlemagne et Louis-ie-Débonnaire , désirant établir Tuniformité dans les monastères, travaillèrent à intro duire la règle de saint Benoit dans tous ceux qui se trouvaient sur les terr^ de leur obéissance. Il fut décidé. (1) Quelques auteurs ont pensé que «aint iMachaire n'était autre que saîot Aunaire, é?éque d'Auxerre, dont le vrai nom était Aunacbaire ; on aura fait Machaire, par erreur de copiste. n esl rapporté daas la fie de saint Valéry que le monastère où il «e retira était situé dans une plaine auprès d'Auxerre , ce qui indiquerait celui de saint Côme et saint Damien On y lit encore que ce saint avançait dans la perfection , sous les yeux de saint Aunaire. Comme ces a«tears ont pu tomber dans quelques erreurs sur les localités et sar les noms propres , nous avons laissé subsister Topinion du père Viole. Si saint Aunaire est le même que saint Macbaire , il aura éié abbé avant de monter sur le siège épiscopal d'Auxerre. Leb., hist. de* évéq. d'Auxerre, p. 122 cl 125. Viole, p. 815. 26 HISTOIBE DE L ABBAYE dans le concile tenu à Âix-la-Cbapelle , en 802, ainsi que dans d'autres assemblées, qu'elle serait seule observée dans tous les monastères de France. Saint Machaire, après avoir pris coiiseU de tout ce que l'Église d'Auxerre offrait alors de plus vertueux et de plus éclairé, Tavait aussi adoptée pour le sien, et lui avait ainsi imprimé Tordre et la régularité qui devaient le mettre à l'abri des variations auxquelles les institutions nouvelles sont exposées. Cette règle commença à être observée à Saint-Gerniain en 580, alors que saint Aunaire était évêqne d'Auxerre. Ceci nous conduit naturellement à dire un mot de saint Benoit, cet homme célèbre, dont la règle a servi de base au gouvernement du monastère de Saint-Germain pendant plus de mille ans. En 494, comme il était à peine âgé de quatoi-zeans et quoiqu'issu de l'une des plus illustres fa milles de Rome, il quitta la ville éternelle, abandonnant richesses, honneurs, plaisirs, tout enfin, pour se livrer, loin du bruit et des dangers du monde, à la prière et à l'adoration. Sa dévotion ardente envers la mère de Dieu, lui donne la force de surmonter de violentes tentations. U s'arrête dans la Campanie, sur les montagnes de Sublac. Là il fait connaissance de saint Romain qui l'instruit des devoirs de la vie monastique , lui donne l'habit religieux, et 1^ conduit dans une caverne presque inaccessible. Le pieux ermite vécut dans cette retraite de la vie des anges, Quelques racines suffisaient a sa subsistance. La mé ditation nourrissait son ame. U étudiait au pieéde la croix la science qui fait les saints, et il acquérait, au milieu des travaux de la pénitence, la précieuse connaissance de la conduite des âmes. Bientôt, des bergers découvrent sa re traite; le bruit de ses austérités et de ses vertus se répand au loin, et une foule de disciples se rangent sous sa conduite. Sa réputation grandit tellement, que la jalousie porte des DB SAINT-GERMAIN. 27 impies à attenter à ses jours; mais mie protection céleste le coayrait déjà. Vers Tan 500, de nombreux monastères s'élèvent sous sa direction. C'est alors qu'il écriyit ces règles admirables de la Yie religieuse, qui furent adoptées par tous les moi nes d'Occident dont il fut siumommé le patriarche. Parmi les sénateurs qui vont le visitar dans le désert, on, distingue Boéce y son proche parent , ministre de Théodoric y et Tertule, son oncle. Celui*ci, émervdilé de la ferveur des moines et de l'ordre qui règne parmi euxy leur confie son fils Placide, âgé seulement de sept ans; Equice, autre sénateur, leur laisse aussi le sien nommé Maur, qui n'en comptait que douze. Les deux novices comprirent leur maître. Le premier le soutint puissamment, le second continua son œuvre. C'est avec eux que saint Benoit fonda la fameuse abbaye du lkmt--Cassin, dont les enfiuits devaient se répandre dans toutes les parties du g^obe pour édifier le monde. Ce fut là le commencement de la maisonnuère de TOrdre des Béné dictins, la plus célèbre de toutes. La France, la première, prêta l'oreille aux bruits loin tains de pi-odiges et de miracles. L'évêque du Mans députe une ambassade solennelle à l'illustre patriarche, pour lui demander des moines. Saint Benoit, se rendant à la prière qui lui est faite, choisit Maur, son disciple bien-aimé, et quatre moines, pour propager sa doctrine dans les Gaules. Les ambassadeurs leur servent de guide. Maur emporte avet lui le poids du pain et la mesure du vin dont ils devaient user, chaque jour, ainsi que la règle de l'Ordre, écrite de la propre main du saint fondateur , qui avait ^uté au bas : Livre du piclimr Benail. Ils arrivent tous à Auxerre vers la fin du carême (1); c'est à celte même (I) Voyez dom GotroB, p. 485. 28 HISTOIRE DE l' ABBAYE époque, le 21 mars 543, que le saint patriarche rendait son ame à Dieu. Maur visita saint Romain , qui bâtis sait le monastère de Fontrouge (1), près de Druyes. On croit que c'est ce dernier qui nourrit saint Benoît dans sa retraite , et que ce fut l'invasion des barbares en Italie qui l'obligea à chercher un asile dans les Gaules. Le séjour de ces religieux à Auxerre y fit connaître rOrdre de saint Benoît. Les prodiges de vertu qui avaient lieu au Mont-Cassin firent l'entretien des moines qui ne tardèrent pas à embrasser la même règle. Saint Maur, poursuivant sa route, alla fonder le monastère de Glanfeuil en Anjou, et celui de Saint-Maur-sur-Loire. On remarque, dans la règle de Saint-Benoît, l'ouvrage d'un homme consommé dans la science du salut, et suscité dans les desseins de la Providence pour conduire les âmes à la plus sublime perfection. Le pape Grégoire ne pouvait se lasser d'admirer l'esprit de sagesse et de discernement qui y règne. Aussi la préférait-il à toutes les autres. Elle est principalement fondée sur le silence, la solitude, la prière, l'humilité et l'obéissance. Le fameux Cosme de Médicis et plusieurs législateurs après lui, qui la lurent et la méditèrent, la regardaient comme une source féconde de maximes propres à gouverner les hommes. Conçue et élaborée au pied de la croix, elle a dirigé des milliers de moines dans les voies de la perfection chrétienne. Cette règle donne à l'abbé le gouvernement de tout le monastère; elle prescrit, outre la méditation qui doit se faire depuis la fin de Matines jusqu'au point du jour, sept heures de travail manuel par jour , et deux heures de lecture spirituelle ; elle défend l'usage de la viande, et accorde à chaque religieux une hémine de vin et une livre et demie de pain. ^1) En latin Fons Rogi, à six lieues d' Auxerre. DE SAINT-^BRMAIN. ^ Dans le prologue, le saint patriarche étale aux yeux des hommes les douceurs que Ton goûte dans la rehgion, et il invite les frères à s'armer de courage pour vaincre leurs passions, a Ecoute, dit-il, ô mon fils, les avis d'un père qui t'aime: rapproche-toi par Tobéissance et le travail de celai dont tu t'es éloigné par la désobéissance et la paresse. C'est à vwis que je m'adresse, qui que vous soyez, à vous qui renoncez à vos passions pour votfô engager dans la mi lice de Jésus-Christ, le véritable roi. Ceignez-vous des armes éclatantes et invincibles de l'obéissance 3 qu'une ardente prière précède toutes vos œuvres, afin que celui qui vous a déjà admis au nombre de ses enfants ne soit point attristé par vos mauvaises actions. » a En ent^idant ces paroles de l'Ecriture : a 11 est temps de nous réveiller de notre sommeil, » sortons de notre as soupissement et ouvrons les yeux à la lumière céleste. Ecoutons, comme pour la première fois de notre vie, l'E criture qui nous crie: « N'endurcissez point vos cœurs; que celui qui a des oreilles pour entendre, comprenne ce que l 'Esprit-Saint enseigne. » Et qu'enseigne-t-il? «Venez, mon fils, écoutez-moi. Je vous apprendrai à craindre le Seigneur; courez, tandis que vous avez les lumières de la vie, de peur qiw les ténèbres de la mort ne vous saisissent. » Ensuite, ajoute saint Benoît, le Seigneur, jetant les yeux' sur la multitude de son peuple, s'écrie à haute voix: a Où est l'homme qui veut la ie et qui désire couler des jours heureux. » Si, en entendant ces paroles, vous les prenez pour vous et dites : C'est moi ; Dieu vous répond : a Si vous voulez avoir la vraie et éternelle vie, éloignez-vous du mal et faites le bien; recherchez la paix.... 0 Lorsque vous aurez fait cda, le Seigneur vous dira : « Mes yeux sont sur vous, et mes oreilles sont attentives à écouter vos prières; avant même que vous ne m'invoquiez, je vous exaucerai.» Y a-t-il, nies trèj-chers frères, quelque chose de plus doux 30 HISTOIRE DE L ABBAYE que ces paroles si pressantes du Seigneur, pour nous mon trer le chemin de la vie. » 0 Armés de la foi, l'Evangile à la main, marchons dans la voie du salut, afin que nous méritions par nos bonnes œuvres de voir dans son royaume celui qui nous a appe lés.... Que ceux qui ont la crainte du Seigneur ne tirent point une vaine gloire de leur régularité; mais qu'ils rap portent tout à Dieu, qui opère en eux de grandes choses, qu'ils disent avec le Prophète : a C'est à vous, Seigneur et non à nous, qu'appartient toute gloire. » Paul, apôtre, ne rapportait rien à lui-même du succès de ses prédications, car il disait : a Ce que je suis, je le dois à la grâce.... o S'il en coûte un peu pour se corriger de ses déEauts, pcnir con server la charité, il ne faut pas perdre courage. Les com mencements de la vie chrétienne demandent des sacrifices. Mais quand on est fidèle à observer la loi, le cœur s'y com ptait, il éprouve une joie indicible à accomplir les com mandements de Dieu. Celui qui passe ainsi ses jours dans un monastère, sa patience lui donne une part à la passion de Jésus-Christ , et il acquiert un droit à posséder son royaume, d Ce peu de mots donne une idée du zèle toûkuit qui animait le patriarche des moines d'Occident. De toutes les vertus, il n'en est point sur lesquelles saint Benoit insistât davantage, dans la pratique, que sur l'hu Aiilité. 11 en marque douze degrés dans sa règle. On ne saurait trop les recommander, d'après saint Thomas; i3omme ils sont très-importants, nous allons les rapporter succinctement: 1® Craindre Dieu et ses jugements, marcher sans cesse humilié en sa divine présence, et s'exciter à une vive componction de cœur. 2^ Renoncer'parfaitement à sa volonté propre , à l'exemple du fils de Dieu qui dit: « Je ne suis pas venu faire ma volonté , mais celle de celui qui m'a envoyé. » 3^ Obéir, pour l'amour de Dieu, prompte inent et sans réserve. 4*» Supporter avec patience les souf DE SAINT-GEftMAlN. 31 frances, les injures, les adversités. 5"^ Découvrir humble ment ses plus secrètes pensées à son supérieur ou à son directeur. 6"" Etre content et se réjouir dans les humilia^ tions ; se plaire à eikcrcer les plus bas ministères, à porter des habits pauvres, à aimer la simplicité et la pauvreté, se r^^arder comme un mauvaise! indigne serviteur dans tout ce qui est commandé. 7"* S'estimer et se croire intérieure ment le plus misérable» le dernier des hommes, et le plus grand des pécheurs, (1). S"" Eviter la singularité dans ses paroles et dans ses actions. 9"* Aimer à observer le silence. 10» Se garder d'une vaine joie et d'un nie immodéré, il*» Ne point parler d'une voix haute, mais avec douceur et gravité. 12 Etre humble dans toutes ses actions extérieures; avoir les yeux baissés, à l'exemple de Hanassès, pénitent, et du publicain de l'Evangile. Saint Benoit appuie ces dif férents degrés d'humilité de citations de l'Ecriture, et il ajoute que, quand on aura passé par chacun d'eux, on arri vera à cette charité parfaite qui bannit la crainte, et qu'on observera la loi de Dieu naturellement, et sans éprouver la moindre gêne. Nous aurons souvent occasion de revenir sur cette règle qui forma le miroir de la vie des moines de Saint-Germain (2). Saint Benoit n'était pas versé dans la littérature profane. Mais saint Grégoire dit que son ignorance était accompa (1) Qa'oD ne pense pas qu'il y ait de Texagération dans ceUe maxime, n y aorait de l'orteil et de la présomption à se préférer an dernier des pécheurs , parce que les jugements de Dieu nous sont inconnus , comme Tont observé saint Augustin, saint Thomas et saint Bernard. Si les plus grands pécheurs eussent reçu autant de grâces que nous , ils en auraient fait un meiHeor usage, et se seraient préserfés de ces chutes qui ont souillé leur innocence. U n'y a pas de mal qu'un homme fait, dit saint Augustin, qu'un autre ne puisse faire, si la grâce de Dieu l'abandonne. Saint Paul ne nous ordonne-t-il pas de ne nous jamais préférer à qui que ce soit? («) Régula^ s. Bmed , cap. 7. 3i HISTOIRE DE L' ABBAYE gnée d'une vraie lumière et d'une vraie sagesse. On lui applique ce que le grand Arsène disait de saint Antoine, que son alphabet valait beaucoup mieux que toutes les vaines sciences du monde. Ce n'est pas sans étonnement que Ton remarque dans la simple l^islation d'un cloître la solution des problêmes de la science politique et tous les mystères des institutions sociales. Nos législateurs n'ont rien écrit de plus sage, de plus li béral que ce que saint Benoit méditait dans sa cellule, au sixième siècle. Tous les religieux sont égaux devant la règle, comme ils le sont devant Dieu. Le chef est éligible. Ce sont les moines eux-mêmes qui donnent leur voix pour placer un abbé à leur tête. Lui, à son tour, ne peut que veiller à l'observation du règlement. Les corrections sont écrites dans la règle ; les récompenses seront données dans les cieux; récompenses sublimes, si différentes de celles de nos lois humaines, qui évaluent le prix des bonnes actions à une certaine quantité d'argent. WINEBAUD. Dans un concile ou synode tenu à Auxerre, sous l'épis copat de saint Aunaire, en 590 , Winebaud souscrivit, comme titulaire de Saint-Germain, avec huit autres abbés du diocèse. Comme il parait le premier après l'évêque, on en conclut que son monastère tenait le premier rang. Les çiuteurs de la Gaule chrétienne commencent par lui la série des abbés de Saint-Germain, avouant qu'ils ignorent le nom des premiers. Us mettent saint Valéry sous la direc tion de Winebaud, et rapportent sa mort à l^an 600. SAINT PALLADE. C'est dans l'abbaye de Saint-Germain que saint Pallade DB ^AINT-6BRMAIN. 33 se sanctifia et devint par son savoir et sa piété une des gloires de TËglise d'Auxerre. 11 se consacra, dèssa jeunesse, au service du Seigneur, reçut l'ordre de la prêtrise de Té vêque saint Didier, qui avait pour lui une haute estime. De profondes réflexions sui* la gloire que Dieu réserve à ses serviteurs, l'avaient entièrement détaché du monde. Non content de former les moines à la perfectfon par ses discours et par ses exemples, il travaillait encore à détruire les restes de superstition qui avaient survécu parmi le peuple. Les abbés de cette époque et même certains moines animés du désir de procurer la gloire de Dieu, sortaient du monastère pour instruire les habitants des campagnes, qui vivaient dans une grande ignorance des vérités de la foi. Il fallait traduire à ces peuples enfants l'enseignement sublime de la religion dans un langage vulgaire, sous des formes saisissantes, étaler à leurs yeux, dans la pompe des cérémonies, dans les fêtes multipliées, toutes les suaves magnificences du culte catholique. Cet apostolat fut sou vent réservé aux moines ; le peuple voulait les voir, il les écoutait avec surprise, et bientôt il brisait ce qu'il avait adoré.
| 45,558 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128417423
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Шаблон:Lang-az-Cyrl
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 15 | 87 |
Шаблон:Lang-az-Cyrl
Шаблон:Lang-az-Cyrl это частный случай понятия шаблон проекта Викимедиа
Şablon:Dil-az-Cyrl
Şablon:Dil-az-Cyrl anlayışın sinfi Vikimedia şablonu
| 22,292 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5931839
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,011 |
Stack Exchange
|
Alex Kung, Giovanna Parra, GlennBavet, Marius Negru, Matt Ball, Nguyễn Tiến Toàn, Nikhil Upadhyay, Ryan, Tyler, Vitale Mazo, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12807586, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12807587, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12807623, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12812252, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12835665, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12842585, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12850354, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12850650, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12857902, https://stackoverflow.com/users/139010, https://stackoverflow.com/users/527233, https://stackoverflow.com/users/604843, https://stackoverflow.com/users/65977, mlesniak, pbt, speedball2001
|
English
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Spoken
| 751 | 1,542 |
Firefox addon Javascript Object Management
Hey there!
I submitted my add on to the Mozilla add ons site and the editor got back and told me only one problem:
Your preliminary review request has
been approved.
Here are a few things that you need to
fix in your next version, specially if
you want to apply for full approval:
1) In order to prevent conflicts with
other add-ons that may be installed by
users, you need to wrap your "loose"
variables and functions within a
JavaScript object. You can see
examples on how to do this at
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/XUL_School/JavaScript_Object_Management.
So I went there and started reading up... but it's a lot of stuff that feels like gibberish to me and I confused myself (not hard to do at all!)
Using the first example on that page, can you kindly tell me how to modify my xul file?
Presently it looks like this:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="chrome://global/skin/" type="text/css"?>
<overlay id="quickfilterOverlay" xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul">
<script type="application/x-javascript" src="chrome://quickfilter/content/quickfilter.js">
</script>
</overlay>
Thanks in advance!
R
EDIT:
Have uploaded the entire add on here: http://www.mediafire.com/?fff6bjzjy6n39nx
I don't think the problem is the XUL file - it sounds like the problem is the JavaScript. Could you edit your post to include whatever's in quickfilter.js?
Ok, uploaded it to a filehost: mediafire.com/?fff6bjzjy6n39nx
Checking quickfilter.js, I'm convinced the reviewer was commenting on all global variables (xmlDoc, quickFilter_100_count_redirect_url, countXmlUrl, ..., prefManager). Move those into the quickfilter_quickfilter or quickfilter_extension object and you're done.
@speedball2001, Still confused, can you do it for one or two variables in that file and I'll do the rest? Thanks!!
It is advisable to encapsulate your code in a namespace to avoid name collisions. Here's what I always do in my addons:
if(!org) var org={};
if(!org.janek) org.janek={};
org.janek.Addon = function() {
var pub = {};
var self = this;
pub.init = function() {
//
// Initialize addon, setup listeners, ...
//
}
...
self.thisIsAPrivateMethod = function(arg) {
// method that's only visible inside org.janek.Addon
}
return pub;
}();
// Init addin after window loaded
window.addEventListener("load",
org.janek.Addon.init,
false);
First, I create my own namespace org.janek, making sure it doesn't already exist. Then I add the object Addon which will contain the code for my addon.
Please note the "pub" and "self" objects. Every method that should be callable from other objects is added to the pub object. Private methods are added to self.
To be more specific, I would change the quickfilter_extension to the following code (I included the global prefManager object as an example):
var quickfilter_extension = function() {
var pub = {};
// interface for preferences
pub.prefManager = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/preferences-service;1"].getService(Components.interfaces.nsIPrefBranch);
pub.init = function() {
//Initiating the progressListerner
gBrowser.addProgressListener(quickfilter_urlBarListener, Components.interfaces.nsIWebProgress.NOTIFY_STATE_DOCUMENT);
//Load the block list xml form server
quickfilter_quickfilter.request_xml();
},
pub.uninit = function() {
// Remove the progressListerner
gBrowser.removeProgressListener(quickfilter_urlBarListener);
}
return pub;
}();
Code that uses the prefManager object now needs to go through the quickfilter_extension object:
redirectToAnotherUrl:function()
{
[ ... omitted ...]
qucikFilterRedirectCount = quickfilter_extension.prefManager.getCharPref("extensions.quickfilter_redirect_count");
[ ... omitted ...]
}
The blog for Yahoo's javascript library YUI has a nice article about the pattern.
if(!org.janek) my.janek={}; -- I think you meant if(!org.janek) org.janek={};?
Can you point me to one of your more simple add-ons? Perhaps I can download it, go through the code a learn a bit...
@Ryan: I have only Thunderbird addons. This one should be easy to understand: https://addons.mozilla.org/de/thunderbird/addon/no-message-pane-sort-by-mouse/
@speedball2001: Thanks for that, will check it out! You really know your stuff, would you be interested in making some small changes to this plugin? That I will pay you for of course (paypal or your choice)... Because in all honesty, I had this plugin made for me by someone else and now I am trying to understand how he did it. I made a few small changes but the bulk was by someone else and this stuff IS confusing. I did port it to Chrome which was easier...
Email sent to you, just drop me a line here if it does not reach you.
The reviewer is talking about your JS code, suggesting that you have global variables/functions.
For example:
var x = 1;
function foo() {}
Compare that with:
MyPluginName = {};
MyPluginName.x = 1;
MyPluginName.foo = function(){}
Oh I see! Unfortunately I am kind of new to JS and only partly follow whats written above. Any tutorial that deals with this specifically and is for the newbs like me? - Thanks!
I found a link to this blog post from this page on MDC and after a quick skim, it appears to be a pretty good intro.
| 14,024 |
https://github.com/Lifemotion/Bwl.Translator.One/blob/master/Bwl.Translator.One.Execution/PCode/Instruction.vb
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
Bwl.Translator.One
|
Lifemotion
|
Visual Basic
|
Code
| 83 | 172 |
'инструкция ПЯ
Public Class Instruction
Public Enum ActionType
idle = -1
idleLabel = -2
callByName = 1
callProgram = 2
addVariable = 11
removeVariable = 12
setVariable = 13
jumpIfNot = 21
jumpAlways = 22
functionEntryPoint = 31
functionReturn = 32
End Enum
Public Property Action As ActionType
Public Property Args As New List(Of Argument)
Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
Dim result = Action.ToString
For Each prm In Args
result += " " + prm.ToString
Next
Return result
End Function
End Class
| 38,416 |
US-201514672027-A_4
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,015 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,129 | 1,277 |
What is claimed is:
1. A method for analyzing differences in an outcome between a subset A from a data set for a process and a subset B from the same data set, the method comprising a computer system automatically performing the following: processing a data set containing observations of the process, the observations expressed as values for a plurality of variables and for the outcome, wherein processing the data set determines behaviors for different variable combinations with respect to the outcome, the variable combinations defined by values for one or more of the variables, the subset A defined as those observations for which one or more test variables take first values and the subset B defined as those observations for which the test variables take different second values; for pairs of a first variable combination and a second variable combination, wherein the first and second variable combinations are the same except that the test variables take the first values in the first variable combination and take the second values in the second variable combination, estimating contributions of the pair to differences in the outcome between subsets A and B, based on differences in the behaviors of the pair and also based on differences in populations of the pair; and reporting differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B based on the estimated contributions for the variable combinations.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein every test variable that takes a value in the definition of subset A also takes a value in the definition of subset B.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one test variable takes a value in the definition of subset A but does not take value in the definition of subset B.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein estimating contributions of the pair to differences in the outcome between subsets A and B comprises adjusting for differences in populations of the pair.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein estimating contributions of the pair to differences in the outcome comprises: estimating a contribution of the first variable combination by multiplying the behavior of the first variable combination by the population of the first variable combination; estimating a contribution of the second variable combination by multiplying the behavior of the second variable combination by the population of the second variable combination; and computing a difference between the estimated contributions.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B comprises: based on the estimated contributions, automatically generating graphs describing the reported differences, the graphs including lines connecting a point representing an estimated contribution of a variable combination to subset A and another point representing an estimated contribution of the variable combination to subset B, a length of the line indicative of the estimated contribution of the variable combination to the difference between subsets A and B.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B comprises: based on the estimated contributions, automatically generating an animated briefing comprising a sequence of graphs describing the reported differences.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein graphs correspond to different reported differences, the graphs depicting first outcome values for subset A, second outcome values for subset B, and predicted differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the animated briefing is interactive, and the sequence of graphs depends on a user's interaction with the animated briefing.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein, upon a user's activation of a reported difference, the animated briefing presents a supplementary graph explaining contributions of different variable combinations to the reported difference.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the animated briefing includes visual tool-tips explaining the reported differences.
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the animated briefing includes oral narratives explaining the reported differences.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting differences comprises, upon a user's activation of a reported difference, presenting a supplementary graph explaining contributions of different variable combinations to the reported difference.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the supplementary graph is presented as a waterfall bar graph.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B based on the estimated contributions for the variable combinations comprises reporting differences in an order according to impact of the reported differences.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B based on the estimated contributions for the variable combinations comprises first reporting a difference based on a two-variable combination that consists of the test variable and another variable.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B based on the estimated contributions for the variable combinations further comprises: then reporting differences based on multiple-variable combinations containing the other variable.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein behaviors for variable combinations with respect to the outcome are expressed as regression coefficients, as correlation coefficients or as net-effect impact net of all other variables.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein population is expressed as counts of observations, as frequency of observations, as percentage of overall population, or as relative frequencies of observations.
20. A computer program product for analyzing differences in an outcome between a subset A from a data set for a process and a subset B from the same data set, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory machine-readable medium storing computer program code for performing a method, the method comprising: processing a data set containing observations of the process, the observations expressed as values for a plurality of variables and for the outcome, wherein processing the data set determines behaviors for different variable combinations with respect to the outcome, the variable combinations defined by values for one or more of the variables, the subset A defined as those observations for which one or more test variables take first values and the subset B defined as those observations for which the test variables take different second values; for pairs of a first variable combination and a second variable combination, wherein the first and second variable combinations are the same except that the test variables take the first values in the first variable combination and take the second values in the second variable combination, estimating contributions of the pair to differences in the outcome between subsets A and B, based on differences in the behaviors of the pair and also based on differences in populations of the pair; and reporting differences in the outcome between the subsets A and B based on the estimated contributions for the variable combinations..
| 34,758 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy%20Communaut%C3%A9
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Vichy Communauté
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vichy Communauté&action=history
|
English
|
Spoken
| 157 | 420 |
Vichy Communauté is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Vichy. It is located in the Allier department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, central France. Created in 2017, its seat is in Vichy. Its area is 741.3 km2. Its population was 82,810 in 2019, of which 24,980 in Vichy proper.
Composition
The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 39 communes:
Abrest
Arfeuilles
Arronnes
Bellerive-sur-Allier
Billy
Bost
Brugheas
Busset
La Chabanne
La Chapelle
Charmeil
Châtel-Montagne
Châtelus
Cognat-Lyonne
Creuzier-le-Neuf
Creuzier-le-Vieux
Cusset
Espinasse-Vozelle
Ferrières-sur-Sichon
La Guillermie
Hauterive
Laprugne
Lavoine
Magnet
Mariol
Le Mayet-de-Montagne
Molles
Nizerolles
Saint-Clément
Saint-Germain-des-Fossés
Saint-Nicolas-des-Biefs
Saint-Pont
Saint-Rémy-en-Rollat
Saint-Yorre
Serbannes
Seuillet
Vendat
Le Vernet
Vichy
Administration
Elected members
The communauté d'agglomération is directed by a conseil communautaire composed of 77 members representing each of the member communes. Their proportional division is fixed by the prefectorial decree no 2669/2019 of 30 October 2019.
Presidency
See also
List of intercommunalities of the Allier department
References
Vichy
Vichy
| 40,831 |
https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Войкар
|
https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Войкар&action=history
|
Kazakh
|
Spoken
| 135 | 555 |
Войкар (Лагорта) — Ресейдегі өзен. Ямало-Ненец АҚ, Ханты-Мансий АҚ жер аумақтарынан ағып өтеді. Өзен сағасы Горная Обь өзенінің сол жағалауынан 50 км қашықтықта орналасқан. Өзен ұзындығы 110 км-ді құрайды.
Су реестрінің мәліметтері
Ресей мемлекеттік су тізілімінің мәліметі бойынша Төменгі Обь су алабы өңіріне жатады, өзеннің сушаруашылық бөлігі — Обь Солтүстік Сосьва өзенінің құйылысынан Салехард қаласына дейін. Өзен саласы — Солтүстік Сосьваға қосылу құйылысынан төмен Обь тармағының су алаптары, өзен алабы — Ертіске қосылу құйылысына дейінгі (Төменгі) Обь.
Ресей су ресурстары федералды агенттігі дайындаған РФ территориясын сушаруашылығы бойынша аудандастыру жөніндегі геоақпараттық жүйе мәліметтері бойынша:
Мемлекеттік су реестріндегі су объектісінің коды — 15020300112115300030848
Гидрологиялық тұрғыдан зерттелу (ГЗ) коды — 115303084
Су алабының коды — 15.02.03.001
ГЗ томының нөмірі — 15
ГЗ бойынша шығарылуы — 3
Дереккөздер
Сыртқы сілтемелер
Ресей Федерациясы Табиғи ресурстар және экология министрлігі
Ресей өзендері
| 3,081 |
US-201916505424-A_2
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,019 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 6,794 | 8,052 |
In a further embodiment, a method for discharging a battery pack is provided. The method includes providing a battery pack including at least two energy storage units in electrical communication with one another. Each energy storage unit includes: a battery cell operative to store energy received from an energy source and output stored energy as a direct current; and a cell monitoring and management component in electrical communication with a negative terminal of its battery cell, a positive terminal of its battery cell, and at least one of a positive terminal and a negative terminal of an adjacent battery cell; and a battery pack monitoring and management component in electrical communication with each battery cell. The method also includes transmitting, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, a desired cell discharging current profile and at least one desired cell parameter for a selected battery cell to its cell monitoring and management component; outputting, by the selected battery cell, a first discharging current profile in response to receipt of the desired cell discharging profile and the desired cell parameter by its cell monitoring and management component; measuring, by the cell monitoring and management component of the selected battery cell, at least one cell parameter of the selected battery cell in response to output of the first discharging current profile, where at least one measured cell parameter corresponds to the desired cell parameter; and adjusting, by the cell monitoring and management component of the selected battery cell, the current profile output of the selected battery cell from the first discharging current output to a second discharging current output, different from the first discharging current output, if at least one measured cell parameter corresponding the desired cell parameter differs from the desired cell parameter by a selected threshold for the selected battery cell, where the second discharging current profile is different from the first discharging current profile.
Measuring, by the cell monitoring and management component, a cell parameter of its battery cell in response to output of the first discharging current profile, the measured cell parameter corresponding to the desired cell parameter; and adjusting, by the cell monitoring and management component, the output of its battery cell from the first discharging current output to a second discharging current output, different from the first discharging current output, if the measured cell parameter differs from the desired cell parameter by a selected threshold for its battery cell, where the second discharging current profile is different from the first discharging current profile.
In an embodiment, the method further includes one or more of the following, alone or in any combination.
In an embodiment of the method, the first discharging current profile includes one or more of a constant, a step function, a linear decrease, a linear increase, and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment of the method, the second discharging current profile includes one or more of: a constant, a step function, a linear decrease, a linear increase, and combinations thereof. As discussed in greater detail below, the second discharging profile is selected such that the difference between selected measured cell parameters and selected desired cell parameters reduces to below of the threshold levels. Examples of the parameters are voltage or temperature of the cell or its open cell voltage after a non-discharging period during the discharge session
In an embodiment of the method, the measured cell parameter is at least one of voltage, current, internal impedance, state of charge, charging rate temperature, pressure, acoustic emissions, optical emissions temperature, stress, strain, internal DC resistance, real internal AC impedance for a specific AC frequency, imaginary AC impedance for a specific AC frequency, open circuit voltage after a short non-charging period during the charging, and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment of the method, the selected threshold includes at least one of about 2 or more standard deviations difference from the mean of statistical data points, about 5% or more difference from an expected value, about 10% or more difference from an expected value, about 20% or more difference from an expected value, and about 50% or more difference from an expected value.
In an embodiment of the method, the difference between the measured cell parameter and the desired cell parameter is the desired cell parameter is a cell state of charge, where a difference between the an actual cell state of charge estimated based on the measured cell parameters and the desired cell state of charge is about 5% and second discharging current profile is selected such that the energy output from the battery cell is reduced for a selected future time period by the second charging current profile as compared to the energy output from the battery cell for the selected future time period by the first discharging current profile
In an embodiment of the method, the second discharging current profile reduces the difference between the actual state of charge and the desired state of charge to less than the selected threshold.
In an embodiment of the method, the second charging current profile includes at least one of decreasing the discharging current, and decreasing a duration of active discharging of the cell during a discharging period of the battery pack.
In an embodiment of the method, during discharging, the voltage output of the cell monitoring and management component is higher than the voltage output of the cell itself
In an embodiment, the method further includes providing a battery pack monitoring and management component in electrical communication with each energy storage unit and the method further includes receiving, by the cell monitoring and management component of each energy storage unit, the desired cell parameter for its battery cell from the battery pack monitoring and management component.
In an embodiment, the method further includes transmitting, by the cell monitoring and management component of the selected cell, the at least one measured cell parameter for its cell to the battery pack monitoring and management component.
In an embodiment, the method further includes determining, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, at least one of a state of health, a state of charge, for a selected battery cell in response to receipt of its measured cell parameter.
In an embodiment, the method further includes determining, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, an updated desired cell parameter for the selected battery cell based upon its determined state of health or state of charge; and transmitting, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, the updated desired cell parameter for the selected battery cell to its cell monitoring and management component.
In an embodiment, a method for discharging a battery is provided. The method includes providing a battery pack. The battery pack includes at least two energy storage units in electrical communication with one another and a battery pack monitoring and management component. Each energy storage unit includes a battery cell operative to store energy received from an energy source and output stored energy as a direct current; and a cell monitoring and management component in electrical communication with a negative terminal of its battery cell, a positive terminal of its battery cell, and at least one of a negative terminal or a positive terminal of at least one adjacent battery cell. The battery pack monitoring and management component is in electrical communication with each of the energy storage units. In an embodiment of the method, the first discharging current profile includes at least one or more of: a constant, a step function, a linear decrease, a linear increase, and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment of the method, the second discharging current profile includes at least one or more of: a constant, a step function, a linear decrease, a linear increase, and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment of the method, the measured cell parameter is at least one of voltage, current, internal impedance, state of charge, charging rate temperature, pressure, acoustic emissions, optical emissions temperature, stress, strain, internal DC resistance, real internal AC impedance for a specific AC frequency, imaginary AC impedance for a specific AC frequency, open circuit voltage after a short non-charging period during the charging, and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment of the method, the selected threshold includes at least one of: about 2 or more standard deviations difference from the mean of statistical data points, about 5% or more difference from an expected value, about 10% or more difference from an expected value, about 20% or more difference from an expected value, and about 50% or more difference from an expected value, “2” or more standard deviations difference from the mean of statistical data points, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 50% or more, difference from the expected value.
In an embodiment of the method, the difference between the estimated cell state of charge based on the measured cell parameters and the desired cell state of charge is about 5% and the second discharging current profile includes one or more of: reducing the discharging current output of the cell by the cell monitoring and management component to a lower level such that the output voltage of the cell converts to a higher value at any time such that the power output stays the same and decreasing the duration of active discharging of the cell during the discharging period of the pack.
In an embodiment of the method, the second charging profile reduces the difference between the newly measured cell parameter and a desired value of the cell parameter to less than the selected threshold.
In an embodiment, the battery pack further includes a battery pack monitoring and management component in electrical communication with each energy storage unit and where the method further includes receiving, by the cell monitoring and management component of each energy storage unit, the desired cell parameter for its battery cell from the battery pack monitoring and management component.
In an embodiment, the method further includes transmitting, by the cell monitoring and management component, the measured cell parameter for its cell to the battery pack monitoring and management component.
In an embodiment, the method further includes determining, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, at least one of a state of health, a state of charge, for a selected battery cell in response to receipt of its measured cell parameter.
In an embodiment, the method further includes transmitting, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, the desired cell parameter for the selected battery cell to its cell monitoring and management component; determining, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, an updated desired cell parameter for the selected battery cell based upon its determined state of health or state of charge; and transmitting, by the battery pack monitoring and management component, the updated desired cell parameter for the selected battery cell to the cell monitoring and management component.
In an embodiment, monitoring and management system for batteries is provided. The system includes at least one battery charging device; at least one data storage device operative to maintain a plurality of battery pack parameters for at least one battery pack of at least one operating device and to maintain a plurality of charging device parameters for each charging device; and at least one computing device in communication with each data storage device, each battery pack and each charging devise. The at least one computing device is operative to receive at least one battery pack parameter for each battery pack; receive at least one charging device parameter for each charging device; receive a request to charge each of the battery packs by at least one charging device; determine a plurality of pack operating parameters for each battery pack based upon received battery pack parameters from each of the battery packs and charging device operating parameters for each of the charging devices, where the plurality of pack charging parameters achieves a performance metric of the system; and transmit respective pack operating parameters for a selected battery pack to at least one selected battery charging device and to the selected battery pack for charging the selected battery pack according to the pack operating parameters by the selected battery charging devices.
In an embodiment of the system, the charging device parameters include at least one of: location, profile of the current output available for charging for a period of time in future, maximum current output, desired output current.
In an embodiment, a method for charging a battery pack is provided. The method includes providing a data storage device operative to maintain a plurality of battery pack parameters for at least one battery pack powering operation of least one electronic device, and to maintain a plurality of charging device parameters for at least one charging device; and providing a computing device in communication with the data storage device, the battery pack and the charging device. The computing device is operative to: receive at least one battery pack parameter for each battery; receive at least one charging device parameter for each charging device; receive a request to charge each the battery packs by the plurality of charging devices; determine a plurality of pack charging parameters for each battery pack based upon received battery pack parameters and the received charging device parameters, where the plurality of pack charging parameters achieve a performance metric of the group of electronic devices and charging devices; and transmit respective pack charging parameters for a selected battery pack to at least one selected battery charging device and the selected battery pack for charging the selected battery pack by the selected charging device according to the pack charging parameters.
In an embodiment of the method, the charging device parameters include at least one of: location, profile of the current output available for charging for a period of time in future, maximum current output, desired output current.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the following more particular description of the embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the embodiments.
FIGS. 1A-1B are block diagrams illustrative of an embodiment of a computing environment for monitoring and control of energy storage and distribution to a plurality of battery packs;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a rechargeable battery pack of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 3A-3C are schematic flow diagrams illustrating monitoring and control of charging of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 4A-4C are schematic flow diagrams illustrating monitoring and control of battery cell charging according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 5A-5C are schematic flow diagrams illustrating monitoring and control of battery cell discharging according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and
FIGS. 6A-6D are schematic illustrations of examples of charging and discharging battery cells in series and parallel configurations according to embodiments of the disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In general, the terms and phrases used herein have their art-recognized meaning, which can be found by reference to standard texts, journal references and contexts known to those skilled in the art. The following definitions are provided to clarify their specific use in the context of the disclosed embodiments.
“Battery cell” or “cell” is an electrochemical device capable of generating electrical energy from chemical reactions or facilitating chemical reactions through introduction of electrical energy.
“Battery” is a device including two or more battery cells.
“Battery pack” is a set of any number of batteries or individual battery cells. Battery packs may be configured in a series, parallel, or mixtures thereof to deliver a desired voltage, capacity, or power density.
“State of health” is a measure of a battery's capacity capability to deliver its specified output.
“State of charge” is a measure of an available amount of charge stored by a battery as compared with a reference amount of charge.
“Profile” refers to a value of a parameter as a function of time, including an instantaneous or current value.
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for monitoring and managing charging and discharging of batteries. A plurality of battery packs is provided in communication with an energy monitoring and control system. Each battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells that operate collectively to dictate the capabilities of the battery pack. The battery packs may also be provided in electrical communication with an energy distribution system for charging the battery packs or an electrical load for discharging the battery packs.
As discussed in greater detail below, the energy monitoring and control system determines a plurality of pack charging or pack discharging parameters for each battery pack that, when performed, achieve one or more performance metrics at a user level (e.g., performance metrics of each battery pack within a system of multiple battery packs). The battery pack further determines a plurality of cell charging or cell discharging parameters for each battery cell based upon the determined plurality of pack charging or pack discharging parameters for each battery cell that, when performed, achieve one or more performance metrics at a battery level (e.g., performance metrics of different cells of each battery pack).
For example, electrical and physical parameters of each battery cell are measured and recorded during operation by the cell and further communicated to the energy monitoring and control system and other battery cells within the battery pack. From one or more of these measurements, state estimations (e.g., state of health, state of charge, etc.) are determined for each cell and battery pack. The energy monitoring and control system further performs simulations according to a charging or discharging model using these state measurements under different operating conditions to respectively determine charging or discharging parameters for each battery pack that achieve the desired user level performance metrics. The battery pack may employ programmed logic based using the determined pack charging and discharging parameters to further determine charging and/or discharging parameters for each battery cell that, when performed, achieve the desired battery level performance metrics.
For example, assume an operating environment where the energy monitoring and control system is employed with an electrical vehicle charging station that charges multiple electric vehicles. Further assume that the energy monitoring and control system operates to minimize a user level performance metric, a total amount of time that elapses between arriving at the charging station and completion of the charging process. Accordingly, the energy monitoring and control system estimates a waiting time for each user extending from their time of arrival until vehicle charging begins and a charging time extending between the start and end of charging.
The energy monitoring and control system determines the waiting time based upon a priority assigned to each user and the number of users waiting for charging. In an embodiment, the vehicles of higher priority users are charged prior to vehicles operated by lower priority users. As a result, when higher and lower priority users are each waiting to start charging, the system minimizes waiting times for higher priority users over lower priority users. Highest priority users may include, but are not limited to, public safety and emergency users (e.g., law enforcement, fire, search and rescue, other first responders, etc.) while lower priority users may include consumer users. Next highest priority users may include, but are not limited to, public transportation vehicles. Lowest priority users may include, but are not limited to, consumer users.
The energy monitoring and control system further determines the charging time for each battery pack based upon simulations. The simulations for each battery pack take into account operating conditions affecting battery pack performance, such as the respective state (e.g., state of health, state of charge) of the battery pack. Further operating conditions may optionally include one or more of weather conditions, local traffic conditions, the type of vehicle powered by the battery pack, statistical performance of the battery pack over many users, user driving history, etc. Thus, any operating parameters to be accounted for in the simulations are provided to the energy monitoring and control system (e.g., by communication with the battery pack, user input, or other data sources).
As needed, the waiting time may be varied in the context of the charging time to optimize (i.e., minimize) the total time spent by users in aggregate at the charging station. Continuing the example above, assume two users of equal priority are waiting to charge their respective vehicles, where the charging time of a first user is expected to be significantly greater than the second user. In this circumstance, the energy monitoring and control system may adjust the waiting time for each user such that the total time of the two users together is minimized.
With further reference to the example above, performance metrics of battery cells and battery packs may also be optimized. Assume that the energy monitoring and control system operates such that each battery cell receives enough charge to perform a desired task such as reaching a desired destination at a desired time. Optimizing this performance metric may require that cells having relatively higher charge storage capacity as compared to other cells within their battery pack (“healthy cells”) are charged faster or earlier.
In either case, the energy monitoring and control system further determines charging parameters for each battery cell based upon simulations. The simulations for each battery cell take into account operating conditions affecting battery pack performance during charging, such as a respective state (e.g., state of health, state of charge) of each battery cell prior to charging, a respective state of each battery cell required after charging to perform a desired task (e.g., reaching the desired destination) and a charging current profile (current vs. time) available to be received by each cell. Further operating conditions may optionally include one or more of weather conditions, local traffic conditions, the type of vehicle powered by the battery pack, statistical performance of the battery pack over many users, user driving history, etc. Thus, any operating parameters to be accounted for in the simulations are provided to the energy monitoring and control system (e.g., by communication with the battery pack, user input, or other data sources).
The discussion will now turn to FIGS. 1A-1B, which illustrates embodiments of a computing environment 100 for monitoring and controlling energy storage and distribution. The computing environment 100 includes an energy management and monitoring system 102, an energy storage system 104 including a plurality of battery packs 106 (e.g., 106A, 106B, . . . 106N), a user computing device 110, an energy distribution system 112, an electrical load 114, and a data storage device 116, each in communication via a network 120. It may be understood that, while the energy storage system 104 is described herein in the context of a plurality of battery packs 106, embodiments of the disclosure may be directed to any energy storage device without limit. For example, in alternative embodiments, the energy storage system may include capacitive energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, alone or in combination with one or more battery packs.
Embodiments of the energy management and monitoring system 102 and the user computing device 110 may be independently selected any computing device such as desktop computers, laptop computers, mobile phones, tablet computers, set top boxes, entertainment consoles, server computers, client computers, and the like.
To provide for interaction with a user, the energy management and monitoring system 102 and the user computing device 110 may each employ any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback) to communicate with a user. Input from the user can, for example, be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, and/or tactile input. For example, the energy management and monitoring system 102 and the user computing device 110 may each independently include one or more electronic display devices alone or in combination with one or more user input devices. Examples of electronic displays may include, but are not limited to, cathode ray tube displays (CRTs), a liquid crystal displays (LCD), light emitting diode displays (LEDs), touch-sensitive displays, and the like. Examples of user input devices include, but are not limited to, keyboards, pointing devices such as a mouse or a trackball, voice recognition, gesture recognition, etc. Accordingly, interactions between a user and either of the energy management and monitoring system 102 and the user computing device 110 with a user can include display of information to the user via one or more electronic displays and receipt of input from the user via one or more of the user input devices.
Embodiments of the energy distribution system 112 may include any source of energy capable of providing electrical energy to the energy storage system 104. Examples of the energy distribution system 112 may include, but are not limited to, mains electricity, batteries, and renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind, water, geothermal, etc.).
The electrical load 114 is any electronic device capable of receiving electrical energy from the energy storage system 104. Examples of the electrical load 114 may include, but are not limited to, portable electronic devices (e.g., computers, mobile phones, tablet computers, etc.), electric or hybrid gas-electric vehicles, lighting devices, home appliances (e.g., washers, dryers, refrigerators, etc.), heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and the like.
Embodiments of the data storage device 116 may include one or more data storage device capable of maintaining computer-readable data. Examples may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage (e.g., tape, hard disk drives, etc.), solid state storage (e.g., flash memory, etc.) and other computer-readable media known in the art.
Embodiments of the network 120 may include, but are not limited to, packet or circuit-based networks. Examples of packet based networks may include, but are not limited to, the Internet, a carrier internet protocol (IP) network (e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), campus area network (CAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), home area network (HAN), a private IP network, an IP private branch exchange (IPBX), a wireless network (e.g., radio access network (RAN), 802.11 network, 802.16 network, general packet radio service (GPRS) network, HiperLAN), and/or other packet-based networks. Examples of circuit-based networks may include, but are not limited to, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), a private branch exchange (PBX), a wireless network (e.g., RAN, bluetooth, code-division multiple access (CDMA) network, time division multiple access (TDMA) network, global system for mobile communications (GSM) network), and/or other circuit-based networks.
Data transmission and instructions can also occur over the network 120. Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices. The information carriers can, for example, be EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory devices, magnetic disks, internal hard disks, removable disks, magneto-optical disks, CD-ROM, and/or DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, and/or incorporated in special purpose logic circuitry.
With further reference to FIG. 2, an embodiment of a battery pack 106 is illustrated in greater detail. The battery pack 106 includes a plurality of energy storage units 202 (e.g., 202A, 202B, . . . ) and a battery pack monitoring and management component 204, where each of the energy storage units 202 are in electrical communication with one another or capable of electrical communication with one another. Each energy storage unit 202 further includes a battery cell 206 (e.g., 206A, 206B) and a corresponding cell monitoring and management component 210 (e.g., 210A, 210B, . . . ). While the battery pack 106 is illustrated in FIG. 2 as a single device, it may be understood that functionalities describe herein for of one or more of the battery pack monitoring and management component 204, the battery cells 206, and the cell monitoring and management component 210 may be distributed between a plurality of devices without limit.
Each cell monitoring and management component 210 is in electrical communication with a negative terminal of its battery cell 206, a positive terminal of its battery cell 206, and a negative terminal of an adjacent battery cell 206. For example, considering the energy storage unit 202B, the cell monitoring and management component 210B is in electrical communication with negative terminal b′ of battery cell 206B, positive terminal c′ of battery cell 206B, and negative terminal a′ of battery cell 206A.
The energy management and monitoring system 102 operates to monitor, predict, and manage the battery packs 106 in order to maximize a performance metric of the energy storage system 104. For example, each battery pack 106 may be assigned a network address (e.g., an IP address) allowing the energy management and monitoring system 102 to communicate with each battery pack 106 via the network 120. Such communication may occur over wires or wirelessly.
The discussion will now turn to FIGS. 3A-3C, which present flow diagrams illustrating operation of the energy management and monitoring system 102 to monitor and control of charging of a battery pack 106 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The monitoring and control operations begin with receipt of a request to charge a battery pack. For example, a user, employing his or her user computing device 110, may request that the battery pack 106 be charged. The request includes battery pack information and information regarding the user of the battery pack. In one embodiment, the battery pack information and user information may be retrieved from the data storage device 116 and transmitted to the energy management and monitoring system 102 with the request.
The battery pack information may include one or more battery pack parameters. For example, each cell monitoring and management component 210 may measure one or more electrical and physical parameters of its corresponding battery cell 206 during operation. To accomplish these measurements, each cell monitoring and management component 210 may include a plurality of sensors (not shown) in communication with the battery cell 206 (e.g. within the battery cell 206, outside the battery cell 206, and combinations thereof). During operation of the battery pack 106, these sensors measure the electrical and physical parameters of the cell. Examples of the cell electrical parameters may include, but are not limited to, voltage, current, internal impedance, state of charge, charging rate, temperature, internal DC resistance, real internal AC impedance for a specific AC frequency, imaginary AC impedance for a specific AC frequency, open circuit voltage after a short non-charging period during the charging, and combinations thereof. Examples of the cell physical parameters may include, but are not limited to, temperature, stress tensor, strain tensor, pressure, acoustic emissions, optical emissions, and combinations thereof.
The cell monitoring and management component 210 may further communicate these measured cell properties to the battery pack monitoring and management component 204, other cell monitoring and management components 210, and combinations thereof. Such communication is performed over wires, wirelessly, and combinations thereof. Wired communications may include, but are not limited to, communication on a DC power line extending between the battery pack monitoring and management component 204 and each energy storage unit 202. In further embodiments, these measured cell parameters may be stored in the data storage device 116.
The measured cell parameters may also be analyzed (e.g., by the cell monitoring and management component 210 corresponding to the battery cell 206, another cell monitoring and management component corresponding to a different battery cell, the battery pack monitoring and management component 204, the energy management and monitoring system 102, and combinations thereof) to determine corresponding battery pack parameters. These battery pack parameters may be stored in the data storage device 116 and subsequently retrieved for inclusion in the request. Examples of the pack electrical parameters may include, but are not limited to, a voltage profile, a current profile, a temperature profile, a strain tensor profile, an entropy profile, an enthalpy profile, a priority level for a battery pack, a priority level of an electronic device powered by a battery pack, a required change in state of charge, a required energy for completing a desired task in a desired period of time by an electronic device powered by a battery pack, a location of the battery pack, and combinations thereof. Examples of the pack physical parameters may include, but are not limited to, temperature, pressure, acoustic emissions, optical emissions, stress tensor, strain tensor, and combinations thereof, such as a function of one or more of the mentioned parameters (e.g., a state of health of a battery pack, a state of charge of a battery pack, as discussed in greater detail below).
The user information may be any information regarding a user of the battery pack 106 to be charged that is pertinent to control of the charging process. The user information may be stored by the user in the data storage device for later retrieval and inclusion in the request. Alternatively, not shown, the user may provide the user information directly when making the request. For example, as discussed above, the identity of the user may be employed by the energy management and monitoring system 102 to prioritize charging of a battery pack 106 associated with a high priority user over other battery packs 106 associated with lower priority users. In further examples discussed below, the energy storage system 104 may be different devices belonging to a single user and the user provides the energy management and monitoring system 102 with priorities for charging or discharging each battery pack 106.
The measured the electrical and physical parameters of the battery pack 106 (e.g., a profile for one or more pack parameter values over a selected operating time-frame) are transmitted to the energy management and monitoring system 102 (e.g., by respective cell monitoring and management components 210 or the battery pack monitoring and management component 104) for use in determining charging or discharging parameters for the battery pack 106. For example, the pack parameters are employed by the energy management and monitoring system 102 to estimate a state of charge (SOC) and a state of health (SOH) for the battery pack 106. For example, state of health and state of charge before and after charging or discharging may be estimated from numerical models based upon operating conditions. Optionally, comparable cell parameters measured for other cells in similar operational conditions (e.g., environment, working conditions, etc.) may also be employed in this modeling. That is to say, it is possible to predict the state of charge and state of health of cells and/or batteries in advance, based upon known operating conditions. As discussed herein, operating parameters may refer to current and previous electrical and/or physical parameters of one or more battery packs 106. For example, methods to estimate the statement of health and statement of charge of a battery pack from numerical models based upon operating conditions may include, but are not limited to, empirical methods based on coulomb counting, voltage profile, entropy profile, enthalpy profile, open circuit voltage after a rest period during charging or discharging or a combination thereof:
With these predictions, the most effective charging and discharging parameters (also referred to herein as operational parameters) are determined for each battery cell and battery pack 106 in order to achieve performance goals of one or more of the battery cells, battery packs 106, and the energy storage system 104. Examples of performance goals at the level of the battery cells may include, but are not limited to, maximizing a change in a state of charge of at least one selected battery pack for a selected time duration, and charging a battery pack powering at least one selected electronic device to a level sufficient to perform a selected task for a selected time duration, a duration of charge of a selected battery pack having a specific state of charge and a specific state of health; average, maximum and minimum temperatures of the battery pack at different locations for a specific state of charge and a specific state of health; change of DC impedance for a specific change of state of charge for a specific state of health, change of AC impedance at a specific frequency for a specific change of state of charge for a specific state of health, total charging or discharging duration, power profile used for charging the battery packs, maximum power used for charging the battery packs, energy profile usage, state of charge of the battery packs vs. time, state of charge of the battery packs vs. power usage, state of charge of battery packs vs. energy usage, and combinations thereof.
The energy management and monitoring system 102 transmits the pack charging parameters to both the energy distribution system 112 (e.g., a charging station) and the battery pack 106 (e.g., battery pack monitoring and management component 204). The energy distribution system 112 transmits energy to the battery pack in accordance with the received battery pack charging parameters. As discussed in further detail below, based on the received pack charging parameters, the battery pack monitoring and management component 204 further determines respective cell charging parameters for each battery cell 206 that maximize the performance metrics of the battery cells 206 the battery pack 106 as a whole. Thus, the battery pack monitoring and management component 204 decides which battery cells 206 will be charged and at what rates. In one example, for a given time, current, and energy, it may be advantageous to charge or discharge individual battery cells 206 differently, such as fully cycling healthy cells (e.g., from 10% SOC to 95% SOC) and less cycling of weak cells (e.g., from 30% SOC to 75% SOC).
During the charging process, one or more cell parameters of each battery cell may be measured (e.g., by respective cell monitoring and management components 210, transmitted to the battery pack monitoring and management component 204, and subsequently stored for future retrieval using the data storage device 116. Further analysis, such as current state of health and current state of charge for the cell and/or battery pack as well as predictions of future states of health and states of charge may be further performed and stored (e.g., by the battery pack monitoring and management component 204).
The discussion will now turn to FIGS. 4A-4C which illustrate monitoring and control of a battery cell during charging according to embodiments of the disclosure. The cell monitoring and management component 210 may regulate current or voltage received by its respective battery cell 206 to achieve desired cell parameters (e.g., one or more of the cell charging or discharging parameters determined by the battery pack monitoring and management component 204).
For example, assume that battery cell 206A is to be charged. The cell monitoring and management component 210A receives a desired cell parameter from the battery pack monitoring and management component 204 and a first charging current profile (i.e., a current as a function of time) from the energy distribution system 112. In response to receipt of the first charging current profile, the cell monitoring and management component 210A transmits the first charging current profile to the positive terminal b of battery cell 206A (FIG. 2). The cell monitoring and management component 210A also measures at least one cell parameter of the battery cell 206A resulting from receipt of the first charging current profile by the battery cell 206A. The measured cell parameter(s) may be stored using the data storage device 116 where it is maintained for later retrieval.
The cell monitoring and management component 210A further compares the measured cell parameter to the desired cell parameter. In certain embodiments, the desired cell parameter may be received from the battery pack monitoring and management component 204 and include one or more of the charging parameters determined by the battery pack monitoring and management component 204. If the measured cell parameter for the battery cell 206A differs from a desired cell parameter by a threshold value, the cell monitoring and management component 210A transmits a second charging current profile to the positive terminal b of battery cell 206A, where the updated second charging current profile is different from the first charging current profile.
After receiving the measured cell parameter, the battery pack monitoring and management component 204 further uses this measurement to calculate at least one of the state of charge and/or state of health of the battery cell 206A during charging. Should the SOH or SOC after charging differ significantly in the charging process, the battery pack monitoring and management component 204 may further determine an updated desired cell parameter for the battery cell 206A to reflect a change in one or more of the charging parameters. This updated desired cell parameter is transmitted to the cell monitoring and management component 210A for further use in the charging process, as discussed above. The measured SOH and SOC may be stored using the data storage device 116 where it is maintained for later retrieval.
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Stack Exchange
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Iancovici, Tsyvarev, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1879665, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3440745
|
English
|
Spoken
| 252 | 395 |
How to run a post build script in CMAKE, regardless if any object fails?
I'm trying to generate a compiler error and warning report post-build. This is all in a CMake Environment.
So I created a script, and tied to executable post-build.
add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD
COMMAND python.exe genReport.py"
)
however this won't execute if not all STATIC Librarys are generated, because then the executable can't link them.
So I thought now I needed to create call same custom command post-build per library.
However, we also create objects before Libraries, and objects can't have a post build command.
All I'm trying to do is always run a script at the end of a make all. Whether executable is built, or any library fails, or any object fails to compile.
Is there a way to always run a post build script?
I don't think that CMake supports running command on the build stage even if another command fails. E.g. Make doesn't support that. Just create your own script, which internally executes make and then calls python.exe genReport.py.
didn't seem to work, am i doing this right?
add_custom_target(run
COMMAND make -j
COMMAND python.exe genReport.py
)
No, I mean a non-CMake script, e.g. a shell one, or a python. And instead of running make for build the project, you could run that additional script.
@Tsyvarev, that's an acceptable answer. Thanks for identifying cmake limitation, I've moved forward with a batchscript to launch make with stderr redirected to a text file, and follow up summarizing python script
| 17,140 |
3156281_1
|
Caselaw Access Project
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 1,979 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 163 | 230 |
— Motion by petitioners-respondents pursuant to CPLR 5519 (subd [c]) granted, without costs, to the extent of vacating the statutory stay of that portion of the judgment dated April 17, 1979 which provides: "adjudged that petitioner De Paulo be reinstated to his position as a Patrolman in the Albany Police Department and respondents are ordered to reinstate petitioner De Paulo and return him to the payroll of the Albany Police Department with full pay and benefits". Petitioner De Paulo's reinstatement shall be effected not later than five days after service upon respondents-appellants of a copy of the order to be entered on this decision. Appeal dismissed, without costs, unless respondents-appellants shall file and serve record and brief on or before June 29, 1979 in which event motion to dismiss appeal denied. Petitioners-respondents' brief shall be filed and served on or before July 30, 1979. Appeal set down for term commencing September 4, 1979. Mahoney, P. J., Greenblott, Sweeney, Kane and Herlihy, JJ., concur..
| 44,342 |
https://github.com/TheJVaughan/Amazon/blob/master/src/Amazon.Sqs/Actions/ChangeMessageVisibilityRequest.cs
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
Amazon
|
TheJVaughan
|
C#
|
Code
| 90 | 320 |
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Globalization;
namespace Amazon.Sqs;
public sealed class ChangeMessageVisibilityRequest
{
public ChangeMessageVisibilityRequest(string receiptHandle, TimeSpan visibilityTimeout)
{
ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(receiptHandle);
if (visibilityTimeout < TimeSpan.Zero)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(visibilityTimeout), visibilityTimeout, "Must be greater than 0");
}
if (visibilityTimeout > TimeSpan.FromHours(12))
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(visibilityTimeout), visibilityTimeout, "Must be less than 12 hours");
}
ReceiptHandle = receiptHandle;
VisibilityTimeout = (int)visibilityTimeout.TotalSeconds;
}
public string ReceiptHandle { get; }
[Range(0, 43_200)]
public int VisibilityTimeout { get; }
internal List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ToParams()
{
return new(4) {
new ("Action", "ChangeMessageVisibility"),
new ("ReceiptHandle", ReceiptHandle),
new ("VisibilityTimeout", VisibilityTimeout.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
};
}
}
| 13,274 |
https://github.com/kevinlq/Qt-Creator-Opensource-Study/blob/master/qt-creator-opensource-src-4.6.1/src/tools/clangbackend/source/commandlinearguments.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,022 |
Qt-Creator-Opensource-Study
|
kevinlq
|
C
|
Code
| 219 | 454 |
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of Qt Creator.
**
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
** General Public License version 3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation with exceptions as appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL3-EXCEPT
** included in the packaging of this file. Please review the following
** information to ensure the GNU General Public License requirements will
** be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html.
**
****************************************************************************/
#pragma once
#include <utf8stringvector.h>
#include <vector>
namespace ClangBackEnd {
class CommandLineArguments
{
public:
CommandLineArguments(const char *filePath,
const Utf8StringVector &projectPartArguments,
const Utf8StringVector &fileArguments,
bool addVerboseOption);
const char * const *data() const;
int count() const;
const char * at(int position) const;
void print() const;
private:
Utf8String m_nativeFilePath;
const QList<QByteArray> m_prependArgs;
const QList<QByteArray> m_appendArgs;
std::vector<const char *> m_arguments;
};
} // namespace ClangBackEnd
| 15,591 |
US-201514545039-V_1
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,015 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 868 | 1,837 |
Verbena plant named ‘KLEVP15498’
ABSTRACT
A new Verbena plant particularly distinguished by dark blue-violet flowers with white eyes, early flowering, and good resistance to powdery mildew, is disclosed.
Genus and species: Verbena sp.
Variety denomination: ‘KLEVP15498’.
BACKGROUND OF THE NEW PLANT
The present invention comprises a new and distinct variety of Verbena, botanically known as Verbena sp., and hereinafter referred to by the variety name ‘KLEVP15498’. ‘KLEVP15498’ originated from a cross-pollination conducted in September 2010 in Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia between the proprietary female Verbena variety ‘VC11ABV’ (unpatented), and the proprietary male Verbena variety ‘VC11 0126’ (unpatented).
The seeds from the cross were sown and plants were grown for evaluation, where an individual plant designated ‘KLEVP15498’ was selected from the group of plants in Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia in April 2011.
In April 2011, ‘KLEVP15498’ was first vegetatively propagated by vegetative cuttings in Cobbitty, NSW, Australia. ‘KLEVP15498’ was found to reproduce true to type in successive generations of asexual propagation via vegetative cuttings.
SUMMARY
The following are the most outstanding and distinguishing characteristics of this new variety when grown under normal horticultural practices in Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia.
- - 1. Dark blue-violet flowers with white eyes; - 2. Early flowering; and - 3. Good resistance to powdery mildew.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPH
This new Verbena plant is illustrated by the accompanying photograph which shows the plant's overall plant habit including form, foliage, and flowers. The photograph is of a three-month old plant grown in a greenhouse in Stuttgart, Germany in May 2013. The colors shown are as true as can be reasonably obtained by conventional photographic procedures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW VARIETY
The following detailed descriptions set forth the distinctive characteristics of ‘KLEVP15498’. The data which define these characteristics were collected from asexual reproductions carried out in Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia. Data was collected on three-month-old plants grown in a greenhouse in Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia in February 2015 in Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia. Color references are to The R.H.S. Colour Chart of The Royal Horticultural Society of London (R.H.S.) 2005.
- Classification: - - Family.—Verbenaceae. - Botanical.—Verbena sp. - Common.—Verbena. - Designation.—‘KLEVP15498’. - Parentage: - - Female parent.—The proprietary female verbena variety ‘VC11ABV’ (unpatented). - Male parent.—The proprietary male verbena variety ‘VC11 0126’ (unpatented). - Plant: - - Growth and branching habit.—Semi-upright. - Height (from top of soil).—30.0 cm. - Width (horizontal plant diameter).—30.0 cm. - Time to produce a finished flowering plant.—Approximately 8 weeks. - Time to initiate and develop roots.—3 weeks. - Root description.—White. - Stems: - - Number of branches per plant.—More than 25. - Growth habit.—Semi-upright. - Length.—20.0 cm. - Diameter.—1.0 cm. - Internode length.—Approximately 2.0 cm. - Color.—RHS 130D. - Anthocyanin.—Absent. - Texture and appearance.—Pubescence, round. - Leaves: - - Arrangement.—Opposite. - Immature and mature leaf color.—Upper surface: RHS 141A. Lower surface: RHS 141C. - Length.—2.5 cm. - Width.—1.5 cm. - Shape.—Lanceolate. - Apex.—Acute. - Base.—Obtuse. - Margin.—Crenate. - Texture.—Upper surface: Leathery. Lower surface: Rugose. - Venation type.—Pinnate. - Venation color (both upper and lower surfaces).—RHS 141D. - Petioles.—Length: 0.4 cm. Diameter: 0.1 cm. Color: RHS 141D. Texture: Leathery. - Flower buds: - - Shape.—Tall, cylindrical. - Length.—0.5 cm. - Diameter.—0.1 cm. - Color (at tight bud).—RHS 93A. - Inflorescence: - - Blooming habit (flowering season).—Continuously. - Lastingness of individual blooms on the plant.—2 weeks. - Fragrance.—Absent. - Inflorescence type.—Umbel. - Length of inflorescence.—6.0 cm. - Diameter of inflorescence.—6.0 cm. - Number of florets per inflorescence.—More than 15. - Peduncle.—Color: RHS 141A. Length: 1.0 cm. Diameter: 0.1 cm. - Florets: - - Length.—2.0 cm. - Diameter.—4.0 cm. - Texture.—Glossy. - Form.—Single. - Length.—1.0 cm. - Diameter.—3.0 cm. - Color.—Immature: Upper surface: RHS 89A. Lower surface: RHS 94B. Mature: Upper surface: RHS 93B. Lower surface: RHS 94C. - Corolla tube length.—1.2 cm. - Corolla tube color.—RHS 56C. - Petals.—Length of lobe: 2.0 cm. Diameter of lobe: 2.0 cm. Lobe shape: Round. Apex: Acute. Base: Obtuse. Margin: Entire. Texture (both upper and lower surfaces): Glossy, satiny. - Pedicels.—Not visible. - Sepals: - - Shape.—Lanceolate. - Apex.—Acute. - Base.—Obtuse. - Margin.—Entire. - Length.—2.0 cm. - Diameter.—0.5 cm. - Color.—RHS 141C. - Texture (both upper and lower surfaces).—Hairy, dull. - Reproductive organs: - - Stamens.—Present. Quantity: 4. Color: RHS 139D. Filament length: 0.6 cm. Filament diameter: Less than 0.1 cm. Anther: Shape: Elliptic. Color: RHS 141D. Length: 0.8 cm. Diameter: 0.2 cm. Pollen amount: Sparse. - Pistils.—Number: 1. Length: 1.0 cm. Diameter: 0.1 cm. Stigma: Color: RHS 141D. COMPARISON WITH PARENTAL LINES AND KNOWN VARIETY
‘KLEVP15498’ is distinguished from its parents as described in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Comparison with Parental Lines Variety Female parent Male parent Characteristic ‘KLEVP15498’ ‘VC11ABV’ ‘VC11 0126’ Flower color Dark blue-violet with Violet Purple eyes Earliness to flower Early Medium Medium
‘KLEVP15498’ is most similar to the commercial verbena Empress Imperial Blue (patent status unknown). Differences between the varieties are described in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Comparison with Similar Variety Variety Commercial line Characteristic ‘KLEVP15498’ Empress Imperial Line Flower color Dark blue-violet with eyes Solid purple Resistance to Good resistance Less resistance than powdery mildew ‘KLEVP15498’
I claim:
1. A new and distinct variety of Verbena plant designated ‘KLEVP15498’ as illustrated and described herein..
| 14,749 |
https://github.com/eleazarMar/lazer/blob/master/src/texture/blendmodes/canvas/Normal.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,017 |
lazer
|
eleazarMar
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 14 | 34 |
export default function Normal () {
return {
type: 0,
mode: 'source-over'
}
}
| 48,873 |
irishenglishdict00orei_0_21
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,910 |
An Irish-English dictionary : with copious quotations from the most esteemed ancient and modern writers, to elucidate the meaning of obscure words, and numerous comparisons of Irish words with those of similar orthography, sense, or sound in the Welsh and Hebrew languages
|
O'Reilly, Edward, -1830 | O'Donovan, John, 1809-1861
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,472 | 21,003 |
^oicne, goitJine^s. a lance or spear; a quick gait, 501,^0/, s. lamentation ; adrop,tcar; z.e.'oeopjO g gohA, gola^ s. gluttony. gohAn-^AOite, golan-gaoitlie^ s. a sparrow hawk. 50 teig, go leigli^ adv. yet, by and by, hereafter, for the future. ^oh^Aip, golghair^ s. lamentation. ^oho^, golog^ s. f. a budget. gohcpAige, goltraiglic^ s. a note in Irish music which excites sorrow; see A-óbAncpipeAc. 50m, gom, s. m. kindred. 50m An, goman^ s. society. JouA, gona^ prep, with, along with; “gouA *00 pn po cÁn An peAncAi*ó”. gonA-o, gonadh^ s. a wounding, lancing, stinging* fascinating. gonÁ-ÓAipepin, gonadhairesin^ conj. therefore, whereupon, from whence. ^onAiDoip, qonadoirA , ' gonavre, | ^wounder, piercer 5onAim, gonaim^ v. I wound, sting, stab, fas- cinate. ^onAip, gonais^ s. a prick, a wound. ^oncA, gonta^ part, wounded, stabbed, hurt. goncAC, gontach^ s. m. a coarse coverlet ; wounder. goop, gooi\ s. light ; prop. ^A^Ap. gop, gor^ s. m. heat, light; advantage, profit gain, good; nearness; laughter, pleasure; calling ; the matter formed in a sore by inllam mation; abhster; a. short ^opAc, goracli^ a. foolish. ^opACA-o, gorachad^^ gopAc-o, gorachd^ r s. folly, foolishness goraidhCf ) SopA-o, goj'adhf s. a blush, heat, a warming, ? whipping. GOR GRA SOR 5R<\ 5o|AÁiceA*ó, goraiceadh^l s. a croak, a croaking 5o]iÁictAif, goraiclais, } shout. gojiAiceArhuit, goraiceamJiuil, a. croaking, screeching. 5o]AAim, goraim^ v. I heat, warm. gojiArhAc, goramliach^ a. greedy. ^ojiAThAcx), goramhachcl^ s. f. greediness. gojiAti, goran^ s. m. a pimple. 5op5, gorg^ a. fierce, cruel. Jop^AiJiiTi, gorgaighim^ v. I hurt, annoy. Jopm, gorm^ a. blue; peAp ^opni, a Moor; red- hot; burned, noble, illustrious, excellent. goprriA, gorma^ s. a satyr; the sky, azure. gopriiAC, gormhac^ s. m. a grandson, a nephew ; a sturdy servant. JopmÁn, gorman^ see ^oipmín; s. blue bottles; centaurea cyanus ; carmine. Jopan-peppi, gorman-searraigli, s. pansies, heart's-ease, three faces under a hood; viola tricolor. Gopm'ÓACAC, gormdathach, a. cerulean, cerulean. Gopm'ÓAC, gormro, 5, the ivy tree; hedera helix; s. m. a garden, standing-corn, a field; a saltish. S. m. a famine, hunger. S. gorta, gorta, a hungry, greedy, starving, sparing, stingy. S. gopu, gorta, s. penury, want, starvation. S. gopu, gorta, s. penury, want, famish. S. gopu, gorta, s. patching, mending. S. gopu, gorta, s. part, starved, oppressed, hurt. op, gos, s. m. inclination. op, gos, s. f. the sea. op, gos, s. a ghost, spirit; vulg. op, gos, s. old age. op, goth, a. straight, even; s. m. a spear; scandal, gocA, gotha, s. old age. op, goth, a. straight, even; s. m. a spear; scandal, op, gotha, s. a brisk active man; a opprobrious. 1 s. m. a spear, a javelin; V “ z. e. 50c no 5A, Acop ) neix), e. cac”. Cor. ^oúuA’ó, goihnadh, gocneio, gothneid, 5p<^b, grab, s. m. a mouth ; a dent, a notch. gpAbAC, grabach, a. notched, indented; broad- toothed; talkative. JpAbAb, grabadh, s. a let, hindrance, impedi- ment, opposition, obstruction, prevention. 5]AÁbA‘ó, grabhadh, s. carving, engraving. 5]\ÁbA*oóip, grabhadoir, s. m. an engraveip carver. 5p<^bAim, v. I devour, cram; stop, interrupt, disturb. gpÁbAim, grabhaim, v. I carve, engrave gpAbAipe, grabaire, s. m. a jester, an impertinent prattler. 5p<^bAipeAC'0, grabaireachd, s. m. badinage; foolish talk. 5]\AbÁbA“ó, grabhaladh, s. engraving, sculpture. 5pAbÁlAi-óe, grabhalaidhe, s. m. an engraver. 5]\AbÁbAim, v. I engrave. 5]'AbÁbuA, grabhalta, part, graven, engrave carved. SHAbloco, grahlocM, \ „ , , , gjiAlifopb, grabh$horb,f ' ’ ’ 5]\AbÓ5, grabog, see ^pAbAipe. 5pA*o, grad, a. sudden, quick ; a n5|AA*OAi5, of a sudden. gpAb, gradh, s. m. love, charity; a step, degree, gradation, order; a. dear, affectionate; noble valiant; gorgeous. gpÁ’OA, grada, see 5]\ÁnnA. 5pA*ÓAC, gradhach, a. loving, beloved, dear 5nAX)Aiii, gradam, s. m. a character. ^pAbAiiuiit, gradhamhuil, a. lovely. JpAX^AU, gradan, s. m. burning the straw to OD- tain the corn, instead of threshing; parched corn, giAAtiCApAC, gradcharacli^ s. nimble. 289 GRA GRA 51U\ 5RA Jl^A'O'OAn, gradhdan^ s. tlie complaining noise of liens, Sh. 5pÁ’óx)Aoine, gradhdaoine, s. pliilantliropy. gpÁ-óÍApDA, gradhlasda, s. fervent charity, burning love. gpÁ'óiiiAp, gradhmliar^ a. loving, fond. 5pÁ'órii<xpAcx),^mc?Am/iamcAcZ, s. fondness, amla- 'bilitj, loveliness. gpÁ'órhuiteAC'O, gradhmJmileachd, s. loveliness, amiability. ^^pA-ougAX), gradhugliadh^ s. loving, adoring. jpÁ-óuigirn, gradhuigliiin^ v. I love. ^pÁ’óuigce, gradhuightlie^ part, beloved. gpÁ'óuigceoip, gradhuightheoir, s. m. a lover. s. m. a sign or mark. 5pApA, grafa^ s. a graff, graft, scion. ^pApA'ó, grafadh^ s. writing, engraving. 5]\ApAiiTi, grafaim^ v. I write, inscribe, scrape, grub. grafan, s. a grubbing axe. 5]'<^pA-n<i-cctoc, grafa-na-ccloch^ s. stone crop, wallpepper; sedum acre. 5]\ApAn-bÁn, grafan-haUy s. white horehound; ballota alba. 5pAV<i^n-'Oub, grafan-duhhy s. stinking hore- hound ; ballota niger. 5l^Apcup, grafchur^ s. grafting, engrafting. 5]^Apcup<iiTn, grafehuraim^ v. I engraft. 5pApcupuA, grafehurtha, part, engrafted. grafuingy s. grunting as swine. gragy s. m. the noise of crows croaking ; a village ; a shout ; the noise of a hen before laying. 5H&$, gragh, see gragaily s. cackling like a hen. 5]\Á5Aim, gragairriy v. I cry out, bawl, squall, shriek. JpA^Aipe, gragairCy s. m. a glutton. JpA^AbbAC, gragallachy I j aciwordaw. gragaUy s. m. the bosom. 5]\A5Án, gragaUy s. m. a manor, village, district. graibh, s. f. an almanac. JpAibcpiotAc, graibJichriolachy s.m. the archives, or repository of records. gpAibin, graibliiny s. f. a writing office. 5pÁibpe, ^mi^/i7’é,s. aloud laugh ; “ 5Ái]\ecpoin”, o.g.; a word, utterance, a dignified expression ; “ i. e. tTlA^Ap, ^. e. bpiACAp ^pAUA ; ut est, A tiiACA beijin-o tcAjAib Rob péAnAi-o pbon-oAb proe binne bup n^ocA ^pAibpe, T)o pib Aline iiA pine”. Cor, 5pÁibpi, gvaibhriy s. a title. the clucking of a hen, the cawing of gi aid, s. a herd or flock. ^i^AibeAc, graidheach, s. m. a stallion; adj.dear, lovely.. 5'tAAi'oéAÍ, graidealy s. a griddle. ^pAibeo^, graidheogy s. f. a beloved female. * ^I'Aibeoip, graidheoivy s. m. a lover, a sweetheart 5]\Ai'OÍéini, graidleirriy s. m. a sudden bounce, i. spring.. ppAipne, graifnCy riding, horseman-- alarm. : 5i^Aipiie, graifnCy s. a writing. ' 5]^Aipneoip, graifneoivy s. m. a writer, scrivener.. 5]iAipneoipeAcx), graifaeoireachdy s. f. penman-. ship, gpAi^, graigy a. evil, bad. ^pÁi^, graig^y s. f. a small manor or village. 5pAig, graighy s. f. a herd, flock, stud of horses- Sl'^Se, . ,, Í s. supei-stltion. , 5]'Ai5eAC'o, graigeachdy J SpAijeAC, gvaigheach,\ ^ : ^pAi^ipe, J 5'|\Ái5im, graigliimy v. I love, regard, esteem. ^pAi^ín, graighiy s. f. a glutton. ^pAi^ineAp, graigineaSy s. gluttony. 5pAiin, giaim]iy\ ^ mouth. - 5pAin, grartiy j ^ 5l’-AiinéAp, graimeaVy s. grammar. 5]'Áin, graiiiy s. f. success; deformity, loathing,. abhorrence, nuisance, reproach. ^I'Am-AbAi, grain- <iblialy s. a pomegranate. '^Yk‘\w-A\^e\\'\y grain-aigeitiy s. common pilewort- lesser celandine ; Ranunculus ficaria. 5]iAinc, grainCy s. f. a frown. 5p<Mnce, graincCy s. disdain, loathing; a. sour, disagreeable. ^l^Aincigmi, graincighim, v. I detest, disdain.. ^l^AineACAT), graineachadhy s. detestation. 5]'ÁineA'o, graineady s. ugliness, deformity. 5]AÁineAinÍAC-o, graineamlilachdy s. f. abomina- tion, abhorrence, baseness. 5]'ÁineAinuii, graineamliuily a. abominable, de^. testable, ugly, odious. ^pÁnieApA, graineasay s. the glanders. ^iAÁmeo^, graineogy s f. a hedge-hog. ^pÁini^iin, grainigliimy v. I granulate; detest, deform. 5]\AiniceAC, grainitheachy a. granlvorous. 5]\Áiniu5A'ó, grainiughadhy s. granulation. ^pÁmne, grainne, s. m. a grain; a. round; ^. e,. cpinnn, o. g.; surly; ^. e. ;5puAm*ÓA, o.g, 5]\ÁinneAC, grainneachy a. granulous. ^ 5]\Ainne-itiuiÍAi§, grainne-mhullaighy s. the top grain on an ear of corn. gpAinnib, grainnidhy s. m. a gram 200 GRA GRE 5IIA r.R 5HÁinnín, grainnin^ s. f. a grain, a plncli, dim. 5]AÁinpe<xc, grainseachj s. m. a grange, a farm. gpÁinpeo^, grainseog^ s. f. a hard, brittle cake. 5-pÁitTpeoi]\, grainseoir^ s. m. an overseer. gpAinue, grainthe^ 7^ [• s. boariness. JpAinceAco, gramtlieaclid^) s- f* the common people, mob. 5pAip5eAiTibAC‘o,^mis^^6am//Zac/i(i, s. f. vulgarity. gpAip^eAtúuib, graisgeamhuil^ a. vulgar. gpAiUA'OAC, graynadach^ s. m. grammar. gpAmAige, gramaiglie, s. m. a ilesli-hook. gpAniAip^, gramaisg^ s. £ the mob. 5pAmAp5A]A, gramasgar, s. m. a flock, company. gpAuió^, gramog^ s. f. a buffoon, jester. 5pÁn, gvauy s. m. grain, corn; bail; sbot; pe 5pÁn ip pe pibéuji. 5pAnÁ*0A, granada^ s. a grenade. SpAUApcAin, granarcain^ s. pile-wort, lessor celandine. JpAubpuic, granilhiruitli^ s. £ boiled wheat. 5pAnc, granc^ a. sour, bitter. gpÁiTOA, granda^ a. ugly. 5pÁn‘opobAipe, grand fliohhaire, s. m. the glanders. 5pAnpobAipe, granfliohliaVy s. m. the glanders. 5pAnpÁn, granfliohliaVy s. m. the glanders. 5pAnpÁn, granfliohliaVy s. lesser duck meat; lemma minor. gpÁu'OA, grandachan^ s. m. the grannie. gpÁn'OA, grandachan^ s. m. to provoke, irritate, incense, Sh. gpAnoine, graoine^ a. joyful, cheerful, bright. gpAnoineACAp, granomeachas^ v. to provoke, irritate, incense, Sh. gpAnoine, graoineachas^ ^. e. ^jieAnn 1U0 pionupAV), 0. g.; a grey. 5]ieAbAibue, greabh, s. a helmet. AhóX[, greach, s. m. a dropwort. 5]ieAc, greach, s. m. a nut; a mark. 5]ieAc, greach, s. m. a nut; a mark. 5]ieAc, greach, s. m. a horse; warfare. 5]ieAc, greadh, s. m. a horse; warfare. 5]ieAc, greadh, s. m. a horse; warfare. 5]ieAc, greadh, s. m. a stallion; a frying pan. 5]ieAc, a. fighting; babbling, obstreperous. JpeA’OAUAcx), greadanachd, s. m. parching of corn. JpeAtiAncA, greadanta, a. hot, warm, scalding. gpoA’O'OAc, greadhdach, a. joyful, gpeA’ouAc, greadlinacli, a. joyful, glad. 5]\eA’ónACAp, greadhneaclias, s. m. exultation, solemnity. "^^xeAXió^, greadog, s. f. a griddle; a blaze; a rod ; a whip. 5peAt)ÚA,yréaí/í7m,part. scorched, parched,burnt gjieATiiiin, greadliuin, s. m. a great number, a band, troop, company. JpÚA^, Greag, s. £ Greece. 5]AéA5Ac, Greagacli, s. m. a Greek, a Greciari ; adj. gorgeous, grand; fair coloured, bright fair. EpéA^Aim, greagahn, v. I deck, adorn. 5peAbAC, grealach, s. entrails. Sl^eAlUc, greall^h j ^peAbbAg, greaiiagh, ) JpeAbbAc, greallach, a. dirty. gpeAbbó^, greallog, a. £ a swingle-tree, swing- ing bar. 5peAbpAc, grealsach, s. a kind of fish. 5peAin, gream, s. m. a bit; prop, ^peim ^peAmAt), greamadli, s. biting, fastening. 5peAmAi*óe, gremaidhe, s. m. a flesh hook gpeAiTiAi^im, greamaighim, v. I gripe, seize, hold, enjoin. JpeAmATiA, greamana, plur. of ^peiin, a bit. gpeATTiAnnA, greamanna, s. gripes, stitches. GRE GRE sue Sne 5]\eAm-mAi‘óne, greanrt'maxdline^ s. breakfast. 5]\eAmúgA'ó, greamiighadli^ s. fastening, bold- ing, cleaving to, griping, enjoining. 5]\eAnuii5ce, greamuighthe^ part, fastened, clinched. gpeAn, ^r^an, s. gravel ; Welsh ^ graian and gruan. 5]\eAn-AbAb, grean-ahlial^ s. m. a pomegranate. 5]\eAn<Min,^rea?iazm, v.I carve, engrave, emboss. 5l\eAnn, greann^ s. m. love, friendship ; hue, co- lour ; a joke, wit, facetiousness ; rough, uncomb- ed hair; fair hair; a beard; see quot. at cpom. gpeAuriAC, greannach, adj. long haired, bristly, crested. 5peAnuA-ó, greannadh^ s. engraving. 5]\eAnuctuic, greanncluith, s. a comedy. 5]'eAUU5AipbeAp, greanngairhheas^ s. hairiness. glieAnnni^A'ó, greanniugliadh^ s. exhortation, defiance ; erection of the hair. JpeAunriiAp, greannmhar, a. lovely, amiable, affable, discreet ; funny, witty, facetious, plea- sant. gpeAuniiiApAC-o, greannmharachd^ s. m. jocun- dity, pleasantness, discretion. 5peAuncA, greannta^ part, carved, engraved; neat, handy. 5]^eAnncACAU, greanntachan, s. m. an embroi- derer; carver. SimAuncAct), greanntachd^ s. f. neatness. ■5]\eAnncA]'An, greanntasan^ s. m. graving, car- ying. ^peAunuiJini, greannuighim^ v. I defy. JpeAp, greas^ s. m. a guest ; a manner ; protec- tion, preservation; fine clothes, embroidery, needlework; furniture. ^peA^i , ^7^as, \ a. usual. ^peApAC, greasach^ J 5peApAc, greasach^ s. m. a warrior. 5peApA, greasa^ s. visitors. JpeApACA-o, greasachadhy s. hastening, inciting, encouraging. CO gpeApAcx), greasacM, s. f. preparation, reclaim- ing, exploring. gpeApA-ó, greasadhf s. dressing, adorning, enti- cing. JJpéApAi'óe, greasaidhe^ s. m. a shoemaker ; em- broiderer ; a maker of furniture. ^peApAibc, greasailt^ s. m. an inn, tavern. 5]^eApAim, greasaim, v. I prepare, dress, adorn; hasten, promote, urge, encourage. 5peApAipe, greasaire, s. m. an inn-keeper ; one who incites. J^péApÁn, greasan, s. m. a web. 5peAphAn, greaslan, s. m. an inn, hotel, tavern. Jl'eApú^A^, greasughadh, s. m. preparing, pre- paration, reclamation. 5]ieApui5irn, greasuighim, v. I excite, hast>?Ti. 5peAÚ, greath, s. m. a noise, cry, shout. JpeACA'ó, greathadh, s. dressing, preparing, winnowing. gpeACA-ooip, greathadoir^ s. m. a dresser, win newer. gpeAÚA'ooqieAC'O, greathadoi^^'eachd^ s.f. winnow* ing, dressing. 5peAÚAim, v. I winnow, prepare. ^peAcÍAC, greathlacJi, s. m. the intestines. 5]\éc, grech, s. m. a garden, a corn field; a hound ; a nut. 5pec, grecJi^ adj. salt. 5pepet, grefel^ s. a breaking, a breach. 5l'eibeb, greíbliel^ s. f. a gift, a fairing; gen. 5peibbe. 5]^ero, greid^ s. f. a stroke, Keat. gpei-oeA-o, greideadh, s. a sudden stroke of in- fection. w 7 1 s. a gridiron, a gnddle, an ^peineAb, qreideal, f • ° i i i ^ ^I'eroei , grei ei , J 'v^ilich bread is baked. ^pororni, greidim^ v. I blast, strike. ^l^eróm, greidhm^ see ^peAin and ^peim. Greig^ s. f. Greece. 5]\éi5eAC, Greigeach^ s. m. a Grecian; adj. gor- geous. 5]\éi5ip, Greigls^ s. the Greek tongue. 5]^oibleÁn, s. ni. a dagger, an old rusty sword. 5peim, greim^ s. m. a bit, a morsel, a mouthful; a task, a hard word, a difficult expression ; a gripe, hold ; a stitch, pang, tlirob. Jpeiin-ACCAipe, greim-accaire, s. an anchor hold. 5peim-An-X)iAbAib, greim-an-diahhail, s. devil’s bit, scabious ; scabbiosa succisa. gpeimeAX), greimeadh^ s. mastication. gpeimeAbuAc, greimealtach, a. fixed, firm, fast holding. ^peimpiAcuib, grehnfhiacuil^ s. a bite. 5poiinpobA, greimfola^ s. the pleurisy. 5peiniigim, greimigliim^ v. I seize, gripe, take hold. 5]\eiTui]\e, greimire^ s. m. a grapphng iron, pincers. 5poiniip5, greimisg^ s. f. old clothes, trash, trum- pery, lumber. 5peiniiu5A-ó,^rez?/2h7g7míZ/í,s.selzlng,takinghold. 5peiinpic, greimliric^ s. samphire; see ^eip^ín. ^pénbeAC, grenhlieach^ s. the zodiac. 5péiue, greine, gen. of 5piAU, the sim. ^péiueo^, greineog^ see ^piAUÁu. 5péinpe]\enri, greinferenn, s. the zodiac. 5péip, greisj s. f. a space of time ; needlework, embroidery, fine clothes, furniture; gen. of m GRE GRI sue 5R1 ^jiéA-p; protection, 4 Mast. 1461; a cliam- pion; pillage, plunder; i. e. op^Ain, o. g.; an attack, surprise; “ UorriAlcAC niAC Uai'ó^ ui bhipn *00 rhApbA‘0 i n^peip omce La p- gAit rriAc 'OiA]\rnAX)A riiecc RAjuAitV’, 4 Mast. 1415. ■gpeipcili, greischilly s. a sanctuary. 5]teipeAc, greiseacli, a. enticing. gjAeipeAct), greiseachd^ s. f. solicitation, entice- ment. 5béip5, greisg,^ s. f. grease. 5péip5iin, greisgim^ v. I grease. gpeipgiollA, greisghiolla^ s. m. a client. 5péip5iúe, greisgithe^ a. greased, greasy. gpeip^iueAct), greisgitheachd^ s. greasiness. Jpéipim, greisim^ v. I embroider, fringe. 5]téipce, greiste, a. brocaded. 5l^éipceoip, greisteoir^ s. m. a carter, waggoner, gpeiu, greit, s. a champion, warrior. Spelt, greith^ s. dress, ornament; a jewel, pre- cious stone. SpébiAC, greliath^ s. gray hairs. Spent), pmicZ, a. fair-cheeked; “ ^puAtpint), ' i. e. pint) n^puAite”, Cor. SpepAC, gresach^ a. common. 5]^et, greth^ s. a gift, a present. Sl^éu^Aip, Greugais^ s. Greek. 5l^éup,y?’eiís, s. m. embroidery. SpéupAiin, greusaim, v. I embroider. Sl^éup-obAip, greus-obair, s. needle-work, em- broidery. SpiA'OA, griada, s. a hero, warrior, champion. 5)11 An, grian, s. f. the sun; light; the bottom of ^ the sea, lake, or river; ground, land; a cock- boat. SpiAHAc, grianacli^ a. sunny, warm ; bright. Spi<^^Án, grianan^ s. m. a summer house, a walk arched or covered over on a hill for a commo- dious prospect ; a royal seat ; a green. S]^iAnAncA, griananta^ a. sunny. SpiAUApc, grianarc, s. a dial. SpiAnbAiteAt, grianhliaitlieadlij s. a sumobscur- ing, O'Gn. SpiATibeAct), grianbheaclid^ s. f. the zodiac. SpiAnbibbe, grianbille^ s. glebe land. grianhhuidhe^ s. sun-set. SpiAncboc, grianchloch^ s. a dial. SpiAncoineAt, griancoineadh^ s. aphelion. SpiAncpiop, grianchrios, s. the zodiac. SpiAnx)A, grianda^ a. sunny. StnAntAcugAt, griandhathughadh^ s. m. photo- graphy. SpiAn-oeAUAc, griandeatacli^ s. m. an exhalation. SpiAn^ArhpcAX), griangamhstadj s. the winter sol- stice. 5pi<^riboip5te, grianloisgtJief a. sunburnt» swarthy. SpiAnrhAp, grianmhar, a. sunny, warm; bril- liant. SpiAnihume, grianrnliuine^ s. blackberries. SpiAnpAigim, griauraighim^Y. I sun, dry in the sun. SpiAnpArnpcAt), grianshamhstad^ s. the summer solstice. SpiAnp^AppAt), griansgarradh, s. a cranny, a chink. SpiunpcAt), griamtad., s. a solstice. 5piAnuAipeAt)oip, grianuaireadoir^ s. m. a sun- dial. 5pib, grib^ s. f. dirt, slough; Heb.^ regeb. 5pib, grib, s. f. an impediment, hindrance; see quot. at 'Pio'ópAc; a manger; the feathers on the feet of birds; a. swift, quick. 5pib, gribhj s. a finger. 5]úb, gribhy s. a griffin; figure; a fierce waniac. gpibe, gribe^ s. drinking. 5pibeAC, gribeach, s. m. a hunting nag. SpibeA-o, gribeadh^ s. m. a manger. SpiteAn, gribhean _ ) ^ gpibin^neAc, gribliingneacli^) ° gpibeo^, griblieog^ s. f. haste, hurry. gpibeo^AC, griblieogacli^ a. hasty ; timorous, Sli. 5pix)eA'ó, grideadh^ s. chillness. 5pipAc, grifach^ s. the measles, Sh. gpi^eo^, grigeog., s. m. pebble, bead. gjii^beACAU, grigleachan, s. m. a constellation, an asterisk. 5inbeAn, grilean, s. snuff. 5pim, grim., s. war, battle; a gray substance growing on trees; a part, portion, a bit. 5pimcApA, grimcharba., s. a female giant; an apparition. 5pimcApA, grimcliarbad, s. m. a war chariot 5pitTicbiAC, grimchliatli, s. a covert made of hurdles; a kind of pent house used in sieges. 5pitneAiTiuib, grimeamhuil, a. warlike, martial, skilful. 5pinn, grimsgeoir, s. a peddler, a broker. 5pinn, grin, s. a piece, morsel. 5pinn, grinn, s. a fort, garrison; decency; gen of 5]\eAnn; a. lovely, loving; elegant, neat, clean, pleasant; workmanlike, artificial; serious, attentive, diligent, deliberate, profound; s. f. a beard; a serious, decent. 5pinn-b]\eAÚnÚ5A’ó, grinn-bhreathnughadh, s. meditation, JJonl. 454. 5pinne, grinne, s. a pile Of timber. PinneAC, grinneach, s. m. a young constellation. 5pioboi5in, grioligin, s. samphire; erithnum maritimuin. 5piolbpAC'0, griollachdy s. f. griomlislixonach^ a. hook nosed gpiouAC, grionach^ see ^piAtiAc. gpioriAcx), grionachd^ see ^pionpAct). gpion^Ab, griongal^ \ s. care, assiduity, gpion^AbAC-o, griongalacJid,} zeal, sorrow. gpion^AbAC, griongalach^ a. industrious, assidu- r ous, careful. gpinniobb, grinnioll, s. care, gpiori-noimn, grion-fioinin] s. the plant turn sole. gpionpAcx), grionradidi s. the warmth of the . sun, sun rising. ^gpíopAC, griosach, s. m. burning embers. gpiopAb, griosadh, s. abettance, encouragement. .gpiopAirn, griosaimj v. I entreat, beseech ; abet, incite. gpmp^Aitn, griosgaim, v. I fry, broil. gpiop^cÁn, griosgehan, s. m. a frying pan. gpiopóip, griosoir, s. m. a frying pan. gpiop-puicnim, grios-ruithnhn, v. I grow red, colour up. SpiopuA, griosta^ part, stirred, provoked, moved. gpiopu^Ab, griosughadhy s. kindling; excite- ment, provocation. gpíopúijiin, griosuighim, v. I ’excite, stir, pro- voke, kindle, inflame. 5piopui§ce, griomighthei part, iried, kindled. gpiou, griotJi, s. the sun. gpiouApie, griothaire^ s. m. a griddle. gjiipion^nAC, gririongnack^ s. m. a griffin. 5]\ip, gris, s. tremor; pimples, inflammation from heat of blood ; a. gray, gpip, gris, s. f. fire. '^\\^\‘t)e^\g^,grisdhearg^ a. colour compounded of red and gray, roan colour, gpippionn, grisfldonUj s. m. a sort of brindled colour. gpipgin, grisgin^ s. f broiled meak g]\iú, gritJi^ s. f. knowledge, skill; a shout, out- cry ; the sun ; see quot. at eij. g]nuAib, grithail^ s. the grunting of young pigs. gpiceAc, g7di]ieach^ a. learned, wise, discreet, prudent, 5]\iuii, griun^ s. m. a hedgehog. gpiculAiiiAC, gritlmlamhach, a. quick, gpo, gro^ a. splendid. gpóbAC, grohacli, a. uniting. gpobAb, grohadh^ s. joining. gpobAini, grohaim, see ^pAbAim. gpobAU, grohan^ s. the top of a rock. g]\o‘o, gi-'od^ s. m. foam ; a. quick, active ; rotten ; smart, proud. gpóé, grodh^ s. m. a crowbar, an iron lever. g^meAitn, grodahn, v. I rot. gpoeAn, grodan^ s. m. a boat. g]Ó5, grog, s. f. the hair of the head; a frown gipag, groghacli, see ^uaúac. gpoibbeAC, gi'oibleach, a long nailed, having long talons. 5poi5, groig, s. f. a growl. g'^oigh, s. f. a stud of horses; brood mares. 5pói|^eir!, groigein, s. an awkward man. gpoi^eineAct), groigein, s. awkwardness 5poi^eineAct), groisein, s. awkwardness 5poi^ein, groisair, s. m. heathbloom. 5poipAro, groisair, s. a gooseberry bush 5poipAip, groisair, s. a gooseberry bush 5poinAip, groisair, s. m. a droll fellow 5poin, gvortili, s. f. a satire; the mouth. gpon’iAC, ^ro?7iAac/i, s. m. a satirist; a prating fellow. 5poinAipe, gvomawe, s. m. a prattler, a prater, ^poinó^, gromog, s. a prating little girl. 5]on, gron, s. a stain, blot, blemish; a trace track. gpoiro, grond, s. a murdering dart. 5pouuAc, grond, s. a corrupted. 5pouuAc, grontac, s. a corpulent. 5ponuAbAun, grontac, s. a gully, sewer. StíA GUA 5i\opif, gropis, s. mallows. 5póy, gros, s. a snout; prop. 5pópA'ó, grosadhj s. a gross, twelve dozen. 5|’-0]'p^c, grossachf s. having a large snout or mouth. gravel. À la grotte, s. m. a coarse sand, gravel. À la grotte, s. m. a plaster, moan, noise. À la grotte, s. m. a gravelly. À la grotte, s. m. a heavy-breasted, corpulent. À la grotte, s. m. a woman, a wife; Welsh, gureig. gruagach, s. m. a giant, an enchanter; the chief of a place ; an apparition or ghost, - superstitioiisly said to haunt houses to punish the delinquency of its inhabitants. It is otherwise called Broivny; a girl, a maid; a. hairy. 5priA5Aipe, gruagaire^ s. m. a hairdresser. 5lAUA5-bpéi5e, gruag-hreige^ s. a peruke, periwig. 5puA5-pcAOibue, gruagscaoilte, s. dishevelled hair. 5iAUA5-inhiii|\e, gruag-31huire, s. the herb goldi- . locks. 5]\n'Ai’ó, gruaidh, s. m. and f a cheek, brow. 5|utAi'óeAn, gruaidhean^ s. the liver. 5]UiAiiri, gruaim^ s. f. gloom, a surly look, ill- humour, surliness. 5]tUAiinin, gruaimin^ s. f. a sullen fellow. _ ') a. gloomy, sullen, dark, KUUATUA, qruama. I ° n? 7 k morose, sour, ptuIt, 5iAUAmAc, qruamach. i i ’ ’ J obscure. 5puAinAC-o, gruamaclidj s. f gloominess, morose- ness. 5puAm'ÓA, gruamdha, a. surly, sour. 5l'UAmÓ5, gruamog^ s. f. a surly little woman. 5pubAn, gruhhan^ s. m. the liver. 5pux)Arpe, grudaire, s. m. a brewer, distiller. 5]AÚ'0AipeACX), grudaireaclid^ s. f brewing, dis- tilling. 5]AupAiTn,-^ni/a{?7?, v. I engraft. 5brJ5, gvLig^ s. m. a warrior ; straltness, distress ; a lie, untruth ; a wrinkle ; a. morose, austere, fierce; weak, feeble; narrow, straight. 5]AU5Ac, grugach^ a. wrinkled ; morose. 5|\u5Ape, s. a noble, Sh.; a. having long hair, Sh. 5ptJi*o, gruid^ s. grains, malt; beer, dregs, hog- wash. 5pt.ii'oin, gruidln^ s. f. ale or beer. ’ 5|aui5, grwg, s. f. churlishness, inhospitality, a drooping look. 5priin, grum^ s. a hedgehog, porcupine. 5piiinpcic, gruinscith., s. f a truce, cessation. 5pribbÁn, grullan^ s. m. a cricket. 5nuni, qrum. 1 . , . , S' V ’ 7 > a. grim, surly, severe. ^]\um AC, gricmacn,} o » 5lArirnAC’0, grumachd,^ s f. surliness. 5l'riinA*ó, grumadh, s. m. a groom; vulg. 5l'rin<M5<MU, grunaigham, v. to ground, to sound. Sc. 5]UinnACA-ó, grunnachadh, s. grounding, sound- ^ ing. Sc. ^]AunnAb, grunnadli, s. gathering in heaps. 5luinnAn, grunnan, s. m. a small heap. { 5]\rinnAp5, grunnasg, s. groundsel. 5]Uinnx)Ap, grunndas, s. m. dross, lees. ■ 5]\unnu, grunnt, s. the ground, bottom, founda- tion ; thrift, carefulness, 5]\iinncAihuib, grminlamhuil, a. industrious. 5punncAihbAC'0,, grunntamhlachd, s. f. industry. 5púnp5i5i griinsgigh, s. a truce, cessation of arms. 5púnuAi1ibAc-o, grmitamhlachd^ s. f. solidity, sense. 5punuAniuib, gruntamliuil, a. sound, solid*, sensible. ; y. 5iniuuAp, grurdas, s. m. dregs. 5]UJpAC, gvurach, s. m. the measles. ^ 5iniu, gruth, s. m. curds. * 5iniÚAC, gruthach, a. curdled, having curds. { 5n, gu, prep, to ; see 50 ; s. a lie, falsehood. 5nAc, guach, a. excellent. 5nA‘ó, guadh, s. m. the grounds of drink. 5UA5, guag, s. m.^ folly. 5uA5Ai]Ae, guagaire, s. m. a foolish fellow. 5UA15, guaig, s. f. a wry neck, a fool. 5nAib‘óei'|Ac, guaildlieirc, s. f. a coal pit. ;; _ "I s. f. a light, giddy-headed 5^1 <^5’ , y person, a vain blockhead, 5«A5in, guagin, f t^ntastloal follow. .SUAAbbite, quailliqhe, I i • ' 2 1-1 ^ > s. m. a champion. 5iiAibbeoi]A, guaiUeoir,) ^ 5i-iAibbAi5Ain, guaillaigham, v. to go hand in hand, Sh. 5tiAibtigeAC, guailligheach, s. m. a companion. 5nAinuAin, guaitdaon, v. to leave olF, let alone, bo quiet, Sh. ^MA^weÁn, guairdean, s. a whirl-wind- 5uAipe, guaire, s. f. the hair of the head, & bristle ; an edge or point ; roughness ; a. ex- cellent, noble, great. ‘ a. hairy. '' Í A^]\^oc, guainocn,) 5uAipncin, s. a whirl- wind. ^ j GUA GUI StM guairsgeach^ a. having hair on the - head. 5nAi]AC<Mn, giiairtain, s. a whirl-wind, Sh. JtiAi]", guais, s. £ danger ; a n^UAif , in jeopardy. 5nAipbeApcAC, guaisbhearfac/i^ a. enterprising, adventurous. gnAipin, guaisin, s. £ a goslin. guAicAÍ, giiaifal, s. distance, Sh. giial, s. m. a coal, coals, fire. guAÍA, guala, ^nAhAnn, ^waZa7?72, guAÍA, guala^ see ^oIa, gluttony. ^nAÍAbpAnn, gualabhrann^ s. m. a firebrand. 5nAbA*oóip, gualadoir^ s. m. a collier. ^iiAbAin, gualain, s. £ a burnt coal. JuaLtoa, gualdha, a. abounding with coals. 5« Abb, guall, a. low. JuAbbAC, guallach^ s. m. bandages round the * shoulders of dead men; hence the impreca- tion of ^UAbbAC opu. JuAbbAiin, guallaim^ v. I blacken, burn. guAriiAc, guamhach, a. careful, neat. guAiuAC, guamach^ a. thick, plentiful. JuAmÁipeAc, guamaiseach, a. quiet, comfort- able. gUAmriAC, guamnacJi^ s. m. lamentation, wring- ing or clapping of hands ; a. unsteady, light- headed. 5« An, guan^ s. m. a fool. guAUAC, guanach, \ a. light, active, nod- guAUAipeAC, guanaiseach,) ding, waving. 5uAmnA*ó, guamnadh, s. correction. gUAUAbAip, guanalais^ s. £ wavering, strolling. JuAp, guar^ s. m. hair, fur. guApcA^-bbeAUAuiuin, guarthag-hleathamhuin, s. milch cows. JnAp, guas^ s £ peril, danger. JuApACT), guasachd^ s. £ danger, jeopardy, ad- venture. gUApAC'OAc, guasaclidach^ a. dangerous, dread- ful, painful. O' Hickey. gubA, guhha^ s. lamentation, mourning, a sigh ; a battle, conflict ; convocation, the muses, gnbpeiu, gublireilli., s. an unjust sentence. JnbcAC, gubhthach^ a. mournful, sorrowful. Jncó^, gucog, s. £ a bud, sprout; bell, bubble. ^ncó^AC, gucogach^ a. clustering. 5u*oa, guda^ s. the gudgeon, a kind of fish. S^ibAim, gudhaim^ see ^uibim. 5u*ób, gudhbh^ s. a great gift or present ; a study, ‘ schoolhouse ; an armoury ; a big belly. JubbAc, gudhbach^ a. studious, assiduous. S^pup^oibb, gufurghoill^ s. false testimony. 5^5’ 9^9^ s. an egg. 5^5"^) 9^9<^} s- a St. Kilda goose, a fat fellow. j- s. £ a shoulder. igK Y 2igh, ) the clucking of a hen. ^u^Aib, gngail, 5n5ubbAig, gugidlaigh gii^upnAig, giigurnaigh ^n^Aibbe, gugaille^ s. a silly, talkative person. ^ugÁn, gugan, s. a bud, flower, daisy, guibeipneoip, giiibheirneoir, s. m. a governor. 5niT), gidd, s. £ theft. ^m'obAin, Guidbhain^ s. £ England. 5^1*06, guide, s. dumbness ; i. e. bAibbe, o. g. guibe, guidhe, s. £ a prayer, entreaty, interces- sion. ^nibeAcÁn, guidheachan, s. an Imprecation. ^nibeAifiAin, guidheamhain, s. a mermaid, ^mbeoip, guidlieoir, s. m. a petitioner. J^uibim, guidhim, v. I pray, entreat, beseech, ^nibuigeoi]^, guidhuiglieoir, s. m. a petitioner, guibbne, guilbhne, s. a mouth, beak. ^úib^éApAn, guilghearan, s. a bitter lamentation ^tubim, guilim, v. I weep, cry, bewail. 5nibimne, guilimne, s. calumny. 5nibimneAC, guilimneacli, v. to calumniate, re- proach. guibbeo^, guilleog, s. chattering of birds, chirp- ing. guibbeó^, guilleog, s. exultation. 5nibneAc, guilneach, s. m. a curlew. SuilugAj, guilugag, s. a cry of joy, Sh. guimon, guimon, s. a cord. 5niinionn, guimionn, s. a holy relic, guin, guin, s. m. an enemy; points, darts, pain, stitch. ^tunceAp, guinclieap, s. a pillory. 5ninim, guinim, v. Í wound, prick, sting, ^uinn, guinn, see cpuc ; s. £ a breaking to pieces. guinneAC, guinneach, a. sharp-pointed, prickly, keen. ^ninnipe, guinnire, s. the falling sickness. guinpceAt), guinscead, s. a scar, guinpcei'oin, guinsceidin, s. £ a little scar, ^nipbpipnn, guirbhrisim, v. I reopen a wound, guipin, guiriii, s. £ a spot, blain, wheal, pimple, guipm, guirm, s. blue colour; food, entertain- ment. guipme, guirme, s. m. an inn ; blueness, grayness, verdure ; a. more blue. guipmeAct), guirmeachd, s. £ blueness. ^tupniin, guirmin, s. any blue dye, indigo. 5nipnéA-o, guirnead, s. a gurnard. 5uip, guis, s. £ a leak. ^uifceAT), guiscead, s. a scar. ^uifoiun, guisdiun, s. m. a gudgeon. ^nipeAc, guiseach, a. leaky, full of chinks. ^nipéA'o, guisead, s. a gusset, clock of a stocking. 5iiipeip, guiseir, s. a stocking, Sh, guipeóg, guiseog, s. a straw, stalk ; prop. cuipeÓ5. GUN GUT Sun Supper, guisim, v. I flow; vulg. Smellace, thalheimer, s. a false judge. SuicéA, guitear, s. a gutter, conduit, gully-hole. SuicéA, guiteartha, a. channeled. Suice, guiteas, s. a winnowing fan, a sieve. SuicéA, guiteartha, a. bashful, gub, gul, s. m. lamentation, weeping, crying out. SuicéA, v. I weep, lament, moan. SubbA, gulha, s. the mouth. SubbA, gulha, s. the mouth. SubbA, gulha, s. a cry, lamentation. SubbA, gulha, s. a narrow Sum, gum, s. gum. Sum A, gumha, s. a battle. Sum Ap, gumbar, s. a hilly country. Sun, gun, for gun, without; u In, for 50 An or An or An; s. m. a breach; a rapid river, a flood. Sunburn, gunpowder, s. a prison, jail, or pound for cattle. Sunburn, gunpowder, s. m. a prisoner, a hostage. Sunburn, gunpowder, s. m. a prisoner, a gunner. Sunburn, gunpowder, s. m. a gunner. Sunburn, gunpowder, s. m. a gunner. Sunburn, gunpowder, gunta, s. m. a man of skill and experience, a prying man. SuncA, guntahliart, see cincAmp. SuncA, guntach, s. m. costiveness. Sup, gur, s. nearness; a blotch, wheal; the pus formed by inflammation; a brood of birds, incubation; a. sharp, valiant, brave; conj. that; 5Up lUAic é. Su]\Ab has sometimes the negative sense of riAC ; as, “ 51011 ^upAb eixieAp, be liAon 'ouiue Ap bic C]\ioc *00 cup oppA”, instead of 5ion riAÓ éixieAp be hAon t)uine, etc. How- ever, 5upAb has more frequently the contrary positive sense. SupA*ó, guradli, s. hatching. SupAiceAC, guraiceach, s. m. a blockhead. SupcbiACAC, gurcldiathach, s. m. a pallisado. SuptiA, gurda, s. a gourd. SupriA, gurna, s. a cave, den, hole. SuppATi, gurran, s. grunting, lowing, bellowing. Supc, gurt, s. m. pain, trouble, fierceners. SupcAC, gurtach, a. fierce. Sup, gus, s. m. weight, force, strength ; ^au ^up, worthless; death; anger; a deed; a desire, inclination ; sharpness ; a. smart, sharp, keen ; s an opinion, conceit; prep, to, unto, until, as far as; ^up Anpo, hitherto; ^uppin, thither, until. SupAigib, gusaighil, s. the lowing of a cow over her calf. SupiiiAp, gusmhar, a. valid, strong, powerful; sharp, keen ; 50 ^upiÚAp, sharply. Sup^Áp, gusgar, s. m. roaring, making lamen- tations. SupsupbAc, gusgurlach, s. m. a keen, sharp fellow. Su pcAb, s. m. protection; ability, afflu- ence; trumpery. SúpcApAi-óe, guscaraidhe, s. m. a lying his- torian. Supcó^, gustog, s. f. a clumsy girl. Sue, guth, s. f. a voice, word; shame, disgrace, SucA, guta, s. the gout. SucobAC, gutolach, s. m. an adulterer, Sucobó^, gutolog, s. f. an adulteress, Sucupjup, guturglius, s. confidence. 38 2.77 REMAEKS ON THE LETTERS H AND I. It is not admitted as a letter in the Irish alphabet, nor otherwise employed in the Irish language than as a mere aspirate, in the same manner as in the Greek. The Greeks anciently used A as a letter, and not merely as an aspirate. It was one of the characters of their most ancient alphabets, and it is well known they wrote Oeog with the different letters Otra and Hs-a, instead of Oeog written with the single letter Otra. In the Irish language, it is prefixed as a strong aspirate before words beginning with a vowel, and having reference to objects of the female sex, as a h-Ai-o, her face; a h-óp, her gold; and secondly, when such words are preceded by the Irish prepositions, she, with gold or silver, but also in the names of countries, principalities and particular clans, as be h-Oppu. Ibid be held, with or by the people of Ossory, with Ulidia. It is now called "Uac, from the white-thorn tree." It is the eighth letter of the Irish alphabet, and the third of the five vowels, of the denomination of cAob or small vowels. It is called lo'OA from io'óa, vulgo lubAp, the yew tree, Lat. taxus, and is not unlike the Hebrew Jod, and Gr. lora, asto its appellative. The Irish language admits of no i consonant, no more than the Greek, and it seems to appear by the following examples that the Latins did not use it as a distinct character, for they wrote, as Priscian tells us, peiius for peiius, and eius for eius. etc. In our old manuscripts, e and i were written indifferently one for another, as has been observed in the remarks upon e. It is the prepositive vowel of those diphthongs and triphthongs which are called ua cúi, ipine, or the five yiphthongs, from 1 pin, the gooseberry bush, Lat. grossularia, viz., m, tai, iw, and lo, of which We find in used among the Hebrews, as Heb. pluf Lat. os ejus. i 1AC lAO U\1 TAI 1, s. art, science; an island; i.e. i Colum elite, the Island of St. Columbus; issue, progeny; pron. she, lier; a. low, shallow; prep, in; “Concob Apocamplicae, i. e. ollaui UuA'ómuiuAn pAOi 'oeppccuAiJce in éiccep, A^Ap hi ppli*óeAcu 'oécc”, 4 Mast. 1483; is gen. and plur. of tiA, a descendant; “bliAingeAi 1 T)bomnAillben 111 bliAogill, uoipp-°AlbAc *0000”, 4 Mast. 1549. “'.A, m, s. a country. The is of the Romans comes from this root; Gall-ia, Ital-ia. 1ac, mcA, s. m. a salmon; {acid, s. a sigh, Keat. lACOAb, iachdadh., s. a noise, cry, yell, lamenta- tion; “ 13o hlACCA'O A^Ap *00 llACAOlUeA'D All p^él pm ^o mop le peA]iAib Cipionn”, Id. C. (y. lAc*0Aim, iachdaim, v. I yell, howl. lAC-OAp, iachdar^ s. m. the bottom, foundation, lower pait. lAcoAp-cAuup, iachdar-cJiaiiuSi s. the bassus rantus in music. lAc'OApuiJe, iaclidaruighe^ a. lower, lowest, in- ferior. Iax), iad^ pron. they, them. UbAb, iadhadh, s. shutting, closing, forming*, surrounding. lA’ÓAim, iadhaim, v. I shut, close, join, bind. 1ax)a1, iadal, s. a disease. lAX)pA, iadsa, pron. these. lAopAU, iadsan, pron. they, themselves. lAorm, iadsin. 1 .i . • •77/* pron. those. lAopu-o, mdsud,) ^ lAXipum, iadsum, pron. they, themselves ; “ peAp- ^Aicep lAopuin ppip An inAUAc”, B.Fion.^ lAÓplAU, iadhsJdat, s. honey suckle, w'oodbine; lonicera perlclymenum. Ia'oca, iadlita^ part, shut, closed, joined. IaJ, s. m. an island, a country. lAibbeoib, iailbheoil^ s. a bridle bit. lApAim, iaraim, v. I ask, seek, look for, beg. lA]iAm, iarain^ I adv. afterwards, again, anew, lApATTi, iaramJi, ( afresh, thenceforth. lApAU, iaran, s. m. iron. lApbpeice, iarhhreitlie, s. afterbirth, offspring. lAipceAun, iaircheann, s. the forehead. lAiptipige, iairdriglie^ s. progeny, posterity. ) lAipe^Aip, iairegair^ s. consequence. 1AR lARv TAR 1A11 lAijifeu]!, iairfheur, s. m. aftergrass. 1<M]A5CiAtt, iairgciall, s. m. afterwlt. l<M]\mbeA']'i‘LA, iairmbearla, an adverb according to the modern grammarians, but the ancients ' called all words by this name except nouns and verbs. l<M]ipceApc, iairsceart^ s. the west. lAipcpeo.b, iairtreabh, s. a habitation. lAip5-iinne, iaisg-linne^ s. a iishpond. IaL, ial^ s. m. light ; adv. ever. .Ubb, iall^ s. a shoe; Heh., naal, shoes; a flock, herd, drove; s. f, alatchet, thong; Heh.^ naal, to latch, shut ; God forgive you, Sh. l^bbAc, iallach, s. m. a brace, thong ; a. full of thongs. l<\bbAcp<Mi, iallacJirann^ s. shoes. lAÍbín, iallin^ 1 lAbbó^, iallog, ) thread. AbuÓ5-beACAi]\, ialtog-leatIiaii% s. a bat. lAn, ian^ s. a vessel; the blade of a sword. lApAb, iapal, s. a controversy. lApAb, iapal, s. a the end, everything last, every extremity; a weasel; the west; a bird; a dark, black; adv. back, backwards, to the west; after, afterwards; is put for Aip, at, upon. lA]A'6-\\UAm,{aradh-rualdh,s.m. the male weasel. s. m. a thong, shoemakers lA]AAin, tarain lApAU, iarann adv. afterwards, again, anew, afresh, thenceforth. lApAnn, iaranngha, s. m. iron. lA]Ann, s. after-game. ApeAinie, iarcluimlie^ s. after-game. ApeAinie, iardlu, see lApAinie. ApeAinie, iardlu, s. a fawn, i. e. pra'o bee ócc, og. ApeAinie, iardlu, see lApAinie. ApeAinie, iardlu, s. a m. ward, custody, protection; “AC COCA ocAp lAppAice”. ApeAinie, iarghair, s. m. ward, custody, protection; “AC COCA ocAp lAppAice”. ApeAinie, iargal, s. a skirmish, battle, strife. ApeAinie, iargal, s. a skirmish, battle, strife. Ap^AbcA, iarga, s. m. groans of the dying. A^AnAC, iarga, s. m. groans of the dying. A^AnAC, iarga, s. west wind. A^Anac, iarga, s. m. anguish, grief. A^Anac, iarga, s. f. a skirmish, battle. A^Anac, iarga, s. a remote district, Donl. 430. A^Anac, iarga, s. m. an earldom; “Sip GebAjAC lupcip, lupcif nAhCipeAnn cécc A^ApiAjAbAcc citbe CApA CO jAbAib CO rriAc SeÁin CAi rriAC an earnest penny. lA]AmA, iarma^ adv. after, afterwards; according to; i. e. CO peippin. lApniÁc, iarmad^ s. a remnant. lApniApin, adv. according to that, after that; i. e. co peip pm, o. g. lApiriAÍbce, iarmailte^ s. the skies. lA]nnAÍp, ia7V7ia{r, s. remnant, remainder. lA]nnA]Ac, ia7'martj s. riches, consequence, issue of an affair. lApiriApc, ia7inart, }s. offspring, progeny, pos- lA]\inAc, 3 tcrity. ^A\\mhéu]\lA, ia7^mbeu7da, s. a pronoun; an inde- clinable particle. lA]\inbuibbe, iar77ibuille^ s. an after-clap, a back stroke. lA]\mbunucAp, ia7i7ibunndJias^ s. derivation. lA]niiei]\5e, iar77ilieirglie^ s. matins, morning prayer, rising early. lApniopoACc, ia7^7í7iofoaclit^ s. inquiry, questioning lA]imoipeAcc, ia7''moÍ7''eacht^ s.f. pursuit; ‘MncpAi- geAc CO ceAUAiii Ia *OoimcAC iriAc UoniAip me^ uicip, Ap plnbib itiac ConcoriAcc iiie^ Uicip Í cci]\ CeAUnpOCA, A^Ap CpCACA 1T10]\A CO cAbAi]\c ÍAip. ITluincip "OonncACA co cob La A cc]\eACAc hi cebomn ceAbÍAi^, A^Ap conncAc c’p^gbAib coib uia uacac p'0]\ ceipeAC tiA cc]ieAc. phibb co bpeic pAip ipm iA]\moi]ieAcu”, 4 Alast. 14G8. lA]inipiTiA, iemnsma^ s. a remnant. lA]\mAC, ia7^madh\ s. a chain of thread, a skein,* lAptiAii, ia7''7ia7i, J confusion. lA]inA, ia7')\a^ s. a hank of yarn. lApuACAn, iariiaclian^ s. m. an iron tool. lA]\nAice, iar7iaidhe, adj. iron, or belonging to iron lApiiAicim, iariiaidhhn^ v. I smooth, or iron linen. lAptiAip, iar7iair^ s. f. arising up suddenly lApnÁoipe, iar7iaoise, s the iron age; after ages. lApnceo, iarndeo^ s a fawn. 299 IAS 1*011 IDH IAS lA]Anói]i, iarnoir^s. an ironmonger. iarog^ s. f. a weasel; a pullet; angulsli, grief; miscliief; tlie DeAul. lApó^Ac, iarogach^ a. wicked, misckievous, devil- ish. lA]ApA*ó, iarradh^ s. a request, petition, prajer, lA]ipAi*ó, iarraidli^ > demand, vow, search, lA|\]iACAp, iarratas, ) quest, bidding. 1<\]A]i<Mm, iarraim^ v. I ask, seek, request, pray, entreat, look after, search for. lA]\pAUA, iarrata^ part, asked; prop. 1<A]\)iAU<MX)e, iarrataidhe^ s. m. a probe; the horn or feeler of an insect. lApjiuiJceoip, iarruightheoir^ s. m. a beggar, seeker, inquirer, a candidate. l.\]\pAOic, iarsaoith, s. a lieutenant. lAppceApc, iarsceart, s. the west. 1<\]\pceApuAc, iarsceariach, a. westerly. lA]\pin, iarsin, adv. after that, afterward, where- upon. 1a]1]'iua, iarsma, s. a relic, remnant; Heh., iaresh, to inherit; iresha, inheritance; an in- cumbrance, burden ; a new year’s gift. /A]\piUAC, ia?'S77iach, a. beneficent, generous. lAppniACu, iarsmacht, s. f. generosity, bounty. lAppo'ÓAiu, iarsodhain, see lAppn, o. v, lApppeAlA-o, iarspealadh, s. aftergrass. lAjicAi^e, iartaige, s. posterity, descendants ; do- mestics, refuse. 7A]\cAp, iarthar^ s. the west country ; from lAp and cip. Iauuau, iarthar. 7 x ^ ‘ . . A .7 7 r a. western, west. lApcApuAC, xariharihach^) ’ lApccAiu, iarttain^ adv. afterward; “So Áip bpiAU mAC T)oTtiriAibb riieic tllhuipceApuAig rotiA rocuAibe 'oia ccitib iAuccÁin”,4 Mast., 1419. lApcoip, iarihoir, s. m. a beggar. 1a]u:uau, iarthuath, s. north-west. lA]\UAbAC, iarualacli, s. m. the after birth. 1 A]Au 1 n ri -eApoi *0 , , s. a crisping iron. ^ó.\\mx\m‘ó,iaruinnidh, a. chalybeate, ferruginous. lApum, iarum, adv. after, afterward; then; Lee., 12, ii. Iai'ac-o, iasachd, s. a loan, use; Aip lApAcx), in loan, borrowed. lAgACAX), iasachad, s. profit, advantage. lArAc-OAibe, iasachadaidhe,) t- uJ-Ait., iasaid, 1 ^ lAgAbAc, iasalach, a. easy, feasible. lAgAbACT), iasalachd, s. facility. lApÁn, iasan, s m, sauciness, petulance. lAgAUAC, iasatach, a. squeamish. lApc, ia-sc, Is. m. a fish; [VelsJi, pysc; Lat. Í pisces. lApcA‘0, iascadh, s. a fishing net. lAp;5AC, iasgacli, a. fishy, full of fish. lAp^Act), iasgaclid, s. f. the act of fishing. lAp^Atioip, iasgadoir, s. m. a fisher; Welsh^ pysgodwr. lAp5-Ai]\-cbA*ó, iasg-air-chladh, s. fish at spawn- ing, Sh. lAp^Aipe, iasgaire^ s. m. a fisher, fisherman. lAp^AqieACt), iasgaireachd, s. icim, V. I supply; pay, suffer, let up, iclus, s. healing by herbs. Ictupaim, iclim, v. I heal by herbs. Icc, Ape, iclim, s. a coming, passing, icimaip. Icc, Ape, ingress and egress. Icc, Ape, s. a ring; corn; a. good, just, honest; a pron. in thy, i. e. in oo, or lo’. It), tdh, s. a wreath, collar, chain ; “ TI15 Saxati 300 IFR itsTi ILSH ipil •00 coji cio'óÍAiceA'ó 50 lluA HéitL, Cii]ii rriAC 0o5<Mii, ^ e. occflAUA “oa pceAu *00 'P5A]aIáix), A^Af 1*0 0i]i”, 4 ManU 1464; a ridge ; use ; a. good, just. lóA‘0, idliad^ a. chaste, clear, pure. loAppAiAth, idarfalamh^\ s. a space, distance of loAppAf, idarfas, j time or place, lo'oip, iddir^ adv. at all, Sh. lueApp, idears, adv. towards. loeApumriAp, idearumnas^ s. a distance. 1*01*0, idid, s. cold. l*oi]i, idir^ prep, between, betwixt; adv. at all; conj. both, loip ctéip A^Ap cuac, Inisf. 1136. ImpAp^AU, idirasgan^ s. a putting asunder ; tucc loipAp^ATiA, mediators; see eioeApAp^AUA. loipceAUAp, idircheanas, s. distance. loip-ciAn, idir-chian, adv. far off, afar, remotely, distant. 1*oi]icuti, idirchur, s. interposition. 1x)i]i“óeAbA*ó, idirdliealadh, ) t- .. l'Oip*óeAtbA*ó, idirdhealhhadh, > 1x)ip‘óeAbujA‘ó, idirdhealughadh,,) ^ erence. luiiweAtbAim, idirdhealbhaim^ v. I distinguish. 1*oipeAp5, idireasg^ s. change of the moon. idi^ghneas, 1 j-oip^eAriAp, idirgeanas^) I'oipeA^, idireag^ s. change of the moon. 1*oippeA*ó, idirfeadh, > s. room, roomi- 1'0ippeApnA*ó, idirfeasnadh^ f ness, space. luipguAibbe, idirghuaille^ s. the space between the shoulders. 1 *0111111 An AC“0, idirmanaclid^ s. hydromancy. 1oi|irheo*ÓAncóip, idirmheodhantoir, s. a medi- ator, intercessor. loijittiinigim, idirmliinighim^ v. I expound, inter- pret. loiprhinijce, idirmliinighthe, part, interpreted. 1oiiirhinitceoiii, idirmliiniqlv- 1 ^ theoir ^ ^ f s. m. an inter- \x)\\\teó.w-^to\\<^{dirtlieangthoir^ j loip-pigeAco, idir-riglieachd, s. an interregnum. 1oi]icAinub, idirtamul^ s. an interval. louA, idna^ s. arms, weapons, lonuic, idnuicy s. a going, passing, 1*00, idho^ see io*óA. 1*óob, idhol^ s. m. an idol. l*óob-A*ópA‘ó, idhol-adhradh, s. Idolatry. IpeApn, ifearn^ s. Hell. Ipn, ijin^ s- f 9 gooseberry. ]Mni*óe, i^mdlie^ diphthongs and triphthongs beginning with the letter i. IppionoA, ifrionda, a. Hellish, infernal. Ipiionn, ifrionn, s. m. Hell. IpjiionnAc, ifrionnachy^.m. a HcUish fellow; a. Hellish, infernal. 1§, ^g^h s- a ring; tallow, grease. Igac, igheach, a greasy. 1b, il., a great, much; ib is a particle in composition meaning great, much, many. Hac, ilhheaigachy a. skilled in many languages. IbbeAi^AC, ilhheaigachy a. skilled in many languages. IbbeAi^AC, ilhheusacli, a. cunning, of various ways and humours. IbbeAi^AC, ilhheasacli, a. an island; Ill ac meic IdoihriAibb riA hAbbAU, ^. e- J^obbA eppuic rriAc t)orh- UAibb rheic Coin ua hibe O65”, 4 Mast. 1473; a crowd, a multitude. Ibe, He, 1 £ diversity, difference, IbeAC, Heach, s. m. ordure, dung; gen. ibij. IbpbbeA*ó, Hfhilleadh, s. complication, IbpbceAC, ilfhilteach, a. complex. Ib^neAc, Hgneach, a. skilful. Ib^neAcecA, Hgneach, a. skilful. Ib^neAcecA, Hgneach, a. strange, unusual, IbgniceAc, ilgJmitheachf a. of all sorts, diverse, various. Ib^nAeAc, Hgneach, a. very horrid, ugly. Ib^i^iin, Hghreasach, s. m. an many, sundry. Ibb, HI, s. evil, ruin, destruction. IbbApAU, Hlasan, pron, themselves, the very same people. IbbeAbAp, Illeabhar, s. a volume or some; a. of many books. IbheAbPAC, Hleabhar, s. a volume or some; a. of many books. IbhiApo, Hphiasd, s. a volume or some; a. of many books. Ibpin, Hrin, s. a. a serpent, snake, adder. IbphiApo, Hphiasdach, a. abounding with serpents. Ibpin, Hrin, s. a. a ball, promiscuous dance. Ibpioc*o, Hriochd, a. a dance. Ibpioc*o, Hriochd, a. a dance. 3Q1 iiixDh niDir mi IMI 1m, s. f. butler; gen. im, in my, on my, im eA'OAU, on my face; im, a prep, about; im AU Ámpo; im, prep, with, along with; “ "Oo uAimco Uoi]\|\-óeAbbAC auu im ÍAOcAib tiA llli-oe” liuAX), s. a bed; gen. imx)A, Lee.; an island, Lee.; see loniA-o. ImA'oú^A'ó, imaditghadh, s. multiplying. ImAille, imaille, adv. néibl, T)orhnAbb niAC 0npi Ánnpei-ó, A^Ap 05 AU mAC 11eibb ÓICC piog-OAtiiuA Genet GogAin. 'CAinig Go^au imbAiu ui T)bohinAit Uo]\éeAtbAc, A^Ap *00 'pinne ACApADpAb ‘ou]AnAvóm pp”, 4 Alast. 1419. 1niA]\i)Ap, imarbhas, see iomA]AbAp. IniApcAC, iinarcach^ see iomA]AC. IniAJA, imairt, see imrpu. ImAÍAC, imalach, a. remote, sequestered. 1 mheA]\r, imbeart,s. playing, plotting, {. e. “imipu; bÁp *00 imbeipc pop]\A, to plot their death. Inibipu, imbirtj s. inflicting; “CtAnn néitt gAipb ui T)lionmAitt, Aox) p.UAb, Conn A^Ap CogAU *00 UeA^t AT THE AUCIOUÓN *00 'Óoi 50 Pauax) *00 poigi-ó lUAC meic Suibne, IllAotmuipe, UAip bAOi UAT)omnAitt, Uoipp- •oeAtbAc, CAipppeAc a^ imbi\c a AinciA'voe p'0]\ niAC meic Suibne A^Ap po]\ Pauax) uite cpiA UA cApAxipAb ía ctoinu néitb”, 4 Mast. 1461. Imcéimni^im, imclieimnigliim^ v. I walk round. ImciAU, ’ .. 7. > a. lar, remote. ImciAU, ’ imeeipe, ’ imeeipe, s. perplexity. Imcibt, prep, about. Iincim, imchim^ v. Igo on, proceed, march; conquer, overcome, oppress, force, compel, rescue. ImcoriipAb, imchimbradh^ s. a thesis. Im cub Alb, imchubhaidh^ a. fit, proper. 1 m cub Alb e Act), imchubhaidh^ a. fit, proper. 1 m cub Alb e Act), imchubhaidh^ s. fitness, propriety. ImbAi, imdhai, s. a bed, couch. ImbeAtiAipe, imdheadaire, s. m. a zealot. ImbeA^Ait, imdheaghailj s. protection; a great separation. ImbeAt, imdheal^ s. a league, covenant. ImbeAttAc, imdheallacli, a. sordid. ImbeApbAb, imdhearhJiadh, s. m. a proof. , ImbeAjibAim, imdhearhhaim, v. I prove. ImbeAjibcA, imdhearhlitha, part, proved, main- tained. ImbeApbAb, imdheargadh^ s. m. a reproof, re- proach. 1mbeAp;5Aim, imdlieargaim^ v. I reprove, rebuki^ reproach, dispraise. ImbeAp^ÚA, imdheargtha, part, reviled, rebuked ImbiAC, imdliiach, s. m. circumference. 1meApA]i5Ain, imeasargain, s. total destruction. ImbiceAc, imdhicheat, ). . . ’ • 77 • 7 7 > s. protecting. Imtn-oneAt), imdliidnead^) ^ ^ Imbi-oeAU, imdhidean, s. protection. Im-oiob, imdiol, s. guile, deceit, fraud Imbiobb, imdhioll, s. a feast. Im-oiolb, imdioll, s. f. anger. Iinbopuip, imdhoruis, s. m. a back door. 1me, ime, s. f. a fence, jBn L. ImeAcc, imeaclit, s. f. walking, going. ImeAcepAig, imeaclitraigli, s. plough bullocks. IméAX), imead, s. jealousy. \meA^Ab,imeadach, . -i 1méAt)ifiAp,meadf/?7ia7’,j IméA'OAijie, imeadaire, s. m. a zealot. ImeA^Ait, imeagail,') s. f. fright, fear, dread, ImeA^bA, imeagla, j terror. ImeA^bAc, imeaglacb, a. fearful, terrible, fright- ful. ImeA^bAim, imeaglaim, v. I fear. ImeA^bujAb, imeaglugliadh, s. affrighting, ter- rifying. ImeA^buiJbe, imeagluigliilie, part, affrighted, terrified, daunted. ImeAb, imeal, s. f. an edge, border, coast; indis criminate plunder and destruction. ImeAp, imear, s. marble. 1meApo]A5Ain, imeasorgain, s. f. strife, contention Imeipu, imeirt, see imipc. ImeocAin, imeocham, v. we will go, let us go. ImpeA'OAin, imflieadaÍ7i,\ s. f. a draught, ^’aw- ImpeAbmA, imfeadhma,} ing, pull. 1mpib, imjidh, see impibeAc. ImjAOC, imghaoth, s. whirlwind. ImiAbó^, imiaghag^ s. a coupling or joining to- gether. ImibeAtiAb, imileadadli, s. unction. 1mibeA*0Aim, imileadaim,Y. I anoint 1mibim, iinilim, v. I lick. ImipAT), imirad, s. a ridge of land. Imipc, imirc, ImipceAb, ceadli, ImijAcim, imircim, v. I remove, depart ImijAige, imirighe, s. emigration, peregrination. , imiraa, s. a riage oi lana.
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https://openalex.org/W2277039744
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OpenAlex
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Efeito da idade relativa e sua relação com as características morfológicas e de desempenho em jovens futebolistas.
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Augusto Pedretti
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English
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Spoken
| 5,968 | 10,377 |
Relative age effect and its relationship
with morphological characteristics and
performance in young soccer players
Efeito da idade relativa e sua relação com as
características morfológicas e de desempenho em jovens
futebolistas. Efeito da idade relativa e sua relação com as
características morfológicas e de desempenho em jovens
futebolistas. Augusto Pedretti1
André Seabra2 Augusto Pedretti1
André Seabra2 Abstract – In soccer, the relative age effect (RAE) was observed in both adult and young
players. The RAE appears to be more pronounced in elite sports, probably by the need to
select the best players to compete internationally. This study review: (1) the prevalence
of RAE in soccer players, (a) considering competitive level (b) and specific position and
(2) association between RAE (a) and anthropometric characteristics, (b) physical fitness
components and technical skills. A total of 12 studies met all inclusion criteria for this
review. One trial (meta-analysis) was included after the eligibility process. Overall, 77675
young soccer players were analysed. In all studies, significance level of 0.05 was set for
the type I error. There is a consensus about the presence of an RAE in men’s soccer, and
the percentage of players born in the first quarter in the selection year for professionals
is high, with peak values found for elite young athletes, and a large decrease is evident
throughout the regional and school representation. The relationship between RAE and the
specific position is controversial, according to few studies. It is likely that players born in
the first quarter differ in a variety of anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness
components compared with peers born in the last quarter. Researchers need to understand
the mechanisms by which RAE increase and decrease in order, to reduce and eliminate
this social inequality that influence the experiences of athletes, especially in periods of
development. Organizational and practical intervention is required.if Key words: Physical fitness; Relative age effect; Soccer, Resumo – No futebol, o ‘efeito da idade relativa’ foi encontrado tanto em jogadores adultos
quanto em jovens. O ‘efeito da idade relativa’ parece ser mais pronunciado em esportes de
elite, provavelmente, pela necessidade de selecionar os melhores jogadores para competir em
nível internacional. Revisamos: (1) a prevalência do ‘efeito da idade relativa’ em jogadores
de futebol, (a) considerando o nível competitivo (b) e a posição específica e (2) a associação
entre o ‘efeito da idade relativa’ (a) sobre as características antropométricas, (b) componentes
da aptidão física e habilidades técnicas. Um total de doze estudos preencheram todos os
critérios de inclusão para esta revisão. Um ensaio (meta análise) foi incluído após o processo
de elegibilidade. 1 University of Porto. Faculty of
Sport. Center of Research, Educa-
tion, Innovation and Intervention
in Sport. Porto, Portugal RBCDH RBCDH RBCDH RBCDH review article Palavras-chave: Aptidão física; Efeito da idade relativa; Futebol. INTRODUCTION In order to provide appropriate development, competition and equal
opportunities for successful training, children are usually grouped by
chronological age in many sports1-4. However, considerable complexities
can arise due to the existence of significant interindividual variations re-
lated to growth and biological maturation especially evident in childhood
and adolescence5. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association6
(FIFA) established January 1st as the start date for the selection year for
international competitions (specifically from 1st January to 31 December). This age difference among individuals in the same age group is referred to as
relative age, and its consequence is known as the relative age effect4 (RAE).h f
The majority of studies on this topic are focused on assessing the dis-
tribution of the different quartiles and their relationship with the sport-
ing success. The strong linear relationship between month of birth and
the proportion of players in the National Hockey League and Canadian
leagues was demonstrated for the first time7. There are approximately four
times more players born in the first quarter of the year compared to the
last quarter1,8. Soccer, like ice hockey, is among the most popular sports
around the world featuring a high prevalence of RAE1. In soccer, RAE is observed in both adult9-13 and young players13-17. RAE
appears to be more pronounced in elite sports18, probably by the need to
select the best players to compete internationally. Players belonging to high
competitive level19 teams tend to be slimmer and to show greater muscle
mass compared to those of lower competitive level. The influence of relative age is also observed in the functional and
technical performance of athletes. Many classifications were created in
an attempt to explain the specific psychomotor skills required by certain
types of sports8. A key element of the selection process20 is the analysis
of the anthropometric characteristics and performance of participants. Considering the importance of these characteristics, different mechanisms
have been proposed to explain the causes of RAE21. Variations in biologi-
cal maturation and physical attributes (greater aerobic capacity, muscle
strength and height) appear to be also important aspects.h The advantage of having been born at the beginning of the selection
year may relate to physical precocity, in other words, players have the ad-
vantage of up to 12 months in physical maturation over their peers born
at the end of the selection year8. Relative age effect and its relationship
with morphological characteristics and
performance in young soccer players
Efeito da idade relativa e sua relação com as
características morfológicas e de desempenho em jovens
futebolistas. O total de 77675 jovens futebolistas foi analisado. Em todos os estudos, um
nível de significância de 0.05 foi estabelecido para o erro tipo I. É consenso na literatura a
presença de um EIR no futebol masculino, sendo a porcentagem de jogadores nascidos no
primeiro trimestre do ano de seleção alta para os profissionais, com valores de pico encon-
trados para os jovens de elite, e que ao longo da representação regional e escolar se evidencia
um grande decréscimo. Para posição específica, a relação com EIR é controversa dado aos
poucos estudos. É provável que os jogadores nascidos no primeiro trimestre do ano de seleção
diferem em uma série de medidas antropométricas e aptidão física, em comparação com os
pares que nascem no último semestre. Os pesquisadores precisam entender os mecanismos
pelos quais o ‘efeito da idade relativa’ aumenta e diminui, para reduzir e eliminar esta de-
sigualdade social que influencia as experiências dos atletas, especialmente, em períodos de
desenvolvimento. É necessária a intervenção organizacional e prática. Palavras-chave: Aptidão física; Efeito da idade relativa; Futebol. Palavras-chave: Aptidão física; Efeito da idade relativa; Futebol. Pedretti & Seabra Relative age effect in soccer INTRODUCTION This difference can lead to significant
changes in anthropometric variables (height, body mass), development of
physical fitness (strength, speed, endurance), cognitive skills (game analy-
sis, insight, tactical ability) and psychological variables5,8. However, these
athletes may not always emerge as the best athletes during adulthood4. Rather, these advantages may only contribute to the existence of RAE in
soccer, especially among younger players3,22. It is noteworthy that there are few studies that relate RAE, competitive
level and specific position on anthropometric variables, physical fitness 368 and technical skills of young soccer players. As a way to fill the gap in
literature, this study aims to review RAE, competitive level (professional,
amateur, elite, regional and local), specific position (defenders, midfield-
ers and forwarders) and anthropometric variables, physical fitness and
technical skills in young soccer players aiming to conclude what extent is
the knowledge about this issue and what are the future research directions. An extensive search of the online electronic database was held in Pub-
Med without time limit. Text words, keywords and descriptors used in
the research were: soccer AND (relative age effect). Inclusion criteria were
studies published in English that included young soccer players in their
sample. Repeated publications for the same studies were excluded. In the
presence of any doubt about study inclusion, a final consensus decision was
taken after the full text was jointly reviewed. The references of the selected
studies were analysed to obtain other relevant studies.i Overall, 37 potentially relevant studies were identified by electronic
database and the manual search of reference lists identified other four. A
total of 12 studies met all inclusion criteria for this review. One trial (meta-
analysis) was included after the eligibility process. Overall, 77,675 young
soccer players from 11 different countries were analysed. In all studies, a
significance level of .05 was set for the type I error. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2015, 17(3):367-377 Relative age effect in young soccer players The meta-analysis1 of RAE in sport had its sample divided according to
chronological age: <11 years, 11-14 years, 15-18 years and >18 years, and
a progressive increase in RAE <11 years up to 15-18 years was observed. Comparison between Q1 and Q4 showed a small-moderate effect for in-
dividuals aged 15-18 years and decline in those >18 years. The same was
observed in Japan24, when analysing young soccer players recruited between
1997 and 2000. At ages 10-15 years, 37.9-58.8% of players were born in Q1. Moreover, 3.2-13.5% were born in Q4. These results indicate a significant
change in the distribution of month of birth among adolescent elite soccer
players compared with the general population (p<.001).i Young Belgian soccer players from eighteen clubs in the first and
second division2 are in agreement with previously published studies. Of
young players aged 14-16 years (1996-1997 period), 44.8% were born in Q1
and only 12.5% in Q4. In the 1997-1998 season (14-16 years), again, 29.6%
were born in Q1 and only 21.9% in Q4. For players aged 16-18 years, the
distributions were similar for both 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 seasons, and
most players were born in Q1 (40.2% and 36.1%, respectively). Similarly,
only 17.9% (1996-1997) and 18.4% (1997-1998) were born in Q4. The Swiss system of talent identification25 is based on three levels of
performance. The 1st called ‘Jugend und Sport’ (‘J+S’), which involves all
children interested in participation and involvement in a specific sport. The
2nd level of performance is the program for the detection of national talents. National junior teams (U15 to U21) represent the 3rd level of performance. With the exception of ‘J+S’ (p>.05), and U20 (p>.05) group, all the other
groups showed significant differences among quartiles (national talent
(Q1 = 37.8% and Q4 = 13.9%, p<.001); U15 (Q1 = 52.7% and Q4 = 9.8%,
p<.001); U16 (Q1 = 45.7% and Q4 = 11.7%, p<.001); U17 (Q1 = 52.4% and
Q4 = 13.1%, p<.001); U18 (Q1 = 42.6% and Q4 = 8.9%, p<.001); U19 (Q1 =
39.5% and Q4 = 14.8%, p<.01); U21 (Q1 = 39.8% and Q4 = 19.4%, p<.001). Relative age effect among professional teams The demographic study23 with professional teams affiliated in European
Football Associations (UEFA) in thirty-one first-division championships
stressed that players born in the first quarter (Q1) of each year are over-
represented (Q1 = 30% and Q4 = 19%) compared to those born in the last
quarter (Q4). According to the above results9, professional soccer players
born from 1935 to 2007 in Germany also showed significant differences
among quartiles, with Q1 being overrepresented compared with the other
quartiles. Only the group of players born from 1946 to 1950 showed similar
distribution in the year of birth. Professional soccer players of the second and third Belgian divisions22
(1998/99 to 2002/03), were divided into 1A (old year selection, August) and
2A (new year selection, January). A strong association between quarter
of birth and number of players in 1A group (p<.05) was demonstrated. Regardless of the selection criteria used, Q1 generated a greater number
of players (1A, 28.8%; 2A, 31.5%), while the number of players born in Q4
was lower (1A, 19.9%; 2A, 19.5 %). In the following decade, from 2000 to 2011, the distributions of profes-
sional players by date of birth were examined12 in England, Portugal, Ger-
many, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy, Denmark and Sweden. The comparative analysis of different ages revealed a significant increase
in RAE from 2000-2001 to 2010-2011 (p<.05). While in the 2000-2001
season, 29.3% and 19.8% of athletes were born in Q1 and Q4, respectively,
in 2010-2011, the relative frequencies were 31.9% and 18.4% respectively. In 369 369 Pedretti & Seabra Relative age effect in soccer 200810, all forty clubs that participated in the Brazilian Soccer Champion-
ship divisions A and B identified a greater number of players born in Q1. There was the preference of clubs of both divisions for recruiting athletes
born in the 1st half of the year (Q1 x Q4, p≤.001; Q2 x Q4, p=.001). Relative age effect in young soccer players The same results were found16 in young Belgian elite soccer players (U10
to U19), that overall, 37.6% (33-43.3%) of players were born in Q1, while
only 13.2% (12.2-13.9%) of players were born in Q4.if Once again, significant effects were found6 for Belgium (Q1 = 37.37%,
Q4 = 10:10%, p<.01) Denmark (Q1 = 36.67%, Q4 = 8.89%, p<.01) England
(Q1 = 50%, Q4 = 17:02%, p<.01) France (Q1 = 43.90%, Q4 = 14.63%, p<.01),
Germany (Q1 = 50.49%, Q4 = 3.89%, p<.01) Italy (Q1 = 46.75%, Q4 =
3.90%, p<.01) Netherlands (Q1 = 36.84%, Q4 = 15.79%, p<.05), Portugal
(Q1 = 45.83%, Q4 = 6.94, p<.01) Spain (Q1 = 36%, Q4 = 10%, p<.01), and
Sweden (Q1 = 47.22%, Q4 = 2.78%, p<.05). Considering all the players 370 belonging to the ten national teams6 U15, U16, U17 and U18 participants
in the 1999-2000 season of UEFA competitions, 43.38% were born in Q1
and 9.31% in Q4 (p<0:01). Strengthening RAE in young Belgian16 elite soccer players, the distribu-
tion among quartiles of the date of birth of players significantly differed
from the “Flemish” population (U15, p<.001; U17, p<.001; U19, <.001). The
date of birth of all French male players11 affiliated to the French Football
Federation during the 2006-2007 season from the database Federation
revealed significant differences in age categories: U13 (p<.0001), U15
(p<.0001), U18 (p=.0001). A previous study14 on German U17 soccer play-
ers belonging to forty teams in the premier league found a strong trend
of selecting players born in Q1. Statistical tests were significant (p<.05) in
twenty two of the forty teams (53.7%). For the entire group of players17, about 40% were born in Q1. In con-
trast, only 16% of players were born in Q4. The same RAE was identified
(p<.05) when analysing intra regions (Africa, Asia and Oceania, Europe,
North America and Central and South America), in FIFA U17 World Cup
competitions (1997 to 2007)18. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2015, 17(3):367-377 Relative age effect and competitive level in young
soccer players Box 1 shows the characteristic of eight studies that examined relative age
effect and competitive level in young soccer players. Box 1. Characteristic of studies that examined RAE and competitive level
Studies
Country
Categories
(years)
Competitive
Level
Main Results
Carling et al.21
French
14-16
Elite
Elite soccer players demonstrated a bias towards Q1. Cobley et al.1
-
-
-
Meta-analysis (review) of RAE in sport. Del Campo et al.15
Spanish
U11 to U18
Elite Amateur
Elite groups significantly differed from the Amador
group in relation to quartiles. Helsen et al.6
*10 countries
U12 to U21
Elite
Elite players born in Q1 were overrepresented in all
national teams. Hirose24
Japan
U10 to U15
Elite
Approximately 50% of all elite soccer players born in
Q1 in all categories. Jimenez & Pain13
Spanish
14-26
Professional Elite
RAE in Spanish soccer is evident in all phases (profes-
sionals and youth). Romann &
Fuchslocher25
Swiss
10-20
-
Players in categories U15 to U19 and U21 were signifi-
cantly overrepresented in Q1. Mujika3
Spanish
U11 to U18
Professional Elite
Regional
Elite players born in Q1 are overrepresented in rela-
tion to senior, regional and school players. *Belgium; Denmark; England; France; Germany; Italy; Spain; Sweden; Netherlands; Portugal. Box 1. Characteristic of studies that examined RAE and competitive level Box 1. Characteristic of studies that examined RAE and competitive level *Belgium; Denmark; England; France; Germany; Italy; Spain; Sweden; Netherlands; Portugal. *Belgium; Denmark; England; France; Germany; Italy; Spain; Sweden; Netherlands; Portugal. Young elite soccer players21 born in France (14-16 years old) were
evaluated over eleven years (1994-2005). Players born in Q1 were the most
represented, showing a decrease of the number of players born in subse- 371 Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2015, 17(3):367-377 Pedretti & Seabra Relative age effect in soccer quent quarters (p<.01). Professional (p<.01) and non-professional (p<.01)
players showed a greater number of soccer players born in Q1. Analyses
in the upper levels13 (U17 and U21) showed that young players from the
first and second Spanish league have identical dates of birth in relation
to soccer players from the U17 to U21 national team (p=.61), but are very
different from those observed in professional players (p<.001). However,
for young players, differences in distribution are not significant for this
category (p=.64).h The meta-analysis1 showed that RAE is more evident in the representa-
tive group (regional and national representation, Q1 vs Q4 = OR:2.77). Relative age effect and competitive level in young
soccer players Interestingly, results suggest that RAE is lower among elite players (senior,
OR:1.42). The analysis of Spanish3 soccer players showed that the percentage
of players born in the first quarter was 43.9% in senior (p<.001), 46.6% in
youth elite (p<.001), 28.6% in youth regional representation (p<.001) and
27.1% in school players (p<.001). Players born in Q4 accounted for 12.2, 10,
21.2 and 22.9% respectively for the 1985/1986 to 2005/2006 seasons. On the
other hand26, young soccer players from northern Portugal aged 11-17 years
who participated in regional competitions showed similar distribution of
birth date among quartiles (Q1 = 27%, Q2 = 25%, Q3 = 23%, Q4 = 25%). The percentages in the distribution24 for young elite players were: 13
years Q1 = 57.6% and Q4 = 3.2%; 14 years Q1 = 53.2% and Q4 = 6.4%; 15
years Q1 = 48.8% and Q4 = 7.3%. The distribution of players (U11 to U18)
grouped into three groups was also analyzed15, showing considerable
variation in each of the three groups studied by quartile (Elite 2005-2006,
p<.001; Elite 2008-2009, p<.001, Amateurs, p<.001). The comparison of
Elite groups with Amateur groups revealed that the distribution of births
in 2005-2006 and 2008-2009 in Elite groups significantly differed from
the distribution of births in Amateur groups. Similar results6 were found
for category U16 (Q1 = 48.96%, Q4 = 7.64%, p≤.01), when analyzing the
distribution of birth dates of national teams U16, U18 and U21 participants
in the 1999-2000 season of UEFA competitions. In the Swiss25 system, no significant differences were observed for the
distribution of the Swiss population and ‘J+S’ (p≥.05). In all the selected
teams (except for U20), Q1 for elite players were significantly overrepre-
sented and Q4 underrepresented compared to ‘J+S’ (p<.01). Teams (national
talent) showed a distribution of more than 35% in Q1, and less than 15%
in Q4, which significantly differed from the distribution of ‘J+S’ (p<.001). Relative age effect and specific position in young
soccer players Box 2 shows the characteristic of the three studies that examined relative
age effect and specific position in young soccer players. 372 Box 2. Characteristic of studies that examined RAE and specific position. Studies
Country
Categories
(years)
Competitive
Level
Main Results
Del Campo15
Spanish
U11 to U18
Elite Amateur
No significant differences in specific position
among quartiles were observed. Jiménez & Pain13
Spanish
14-26
Elite
Romann & Fuchslocher25
Swiss
10-20
-
In categories U15 to U21, players in Q1 were
significantly overrepresented. According to some authors13, 15 differences in the distribution of birth
dates for specific position do not seem to be evident in young soccer play-
ers. However25, significant differences (U15 to U21) among goalkeepers,
defenders, midfielders and forwarders were identified. Defenders, midfield-
ers and forwarders were overrepresented at the beginning of the selection
year and, in each case; there was a decrease in the number of players who
were born in subsequent quarters. Defenders were significantly (p<.05)
overrepresented in the first semester (79%) compared with forwards (57%). The other comparisons were not significant. Relative age effect and anthropometrics
characteristics in young soccer players Box 3 shows the characteristics of the five studies that examined relative
age affect and anthropometric characteristics in young soccer players. Analysing soccer players 13-14 years old belonging to Portuguese
clubs27 at regional level and local, it was found that regional soccer play-
ers, on average, were more experienced in soccer (p<.05), had advanced
skeletal maturation (p<.01), were heavier (p<.01) and higher (p<.01) than
those competing locally. It was also shown that soccer players for regional
level and at specific positions were advanced in maturation [defenders:
p<.01, midfielders: p<.01, forwarders: p<.05], were higher [defenders: p<.01;
midfielders: p<.01, forwarders: p<.05] and heavier [defenders: p<.01; mid-
fielders: p<.01, forwarders: p<.01] than players who compete at a local level. i
Portuguese soccer players28 belonging to eleven U19 teams were evalu-
ated (5 elite, 6 non-elite).No significant interaction between competitive
level and specific position on the field and anthropometric characteristics
and training (p>.05) were observed. However, elite goalkeepers and cen- Box 3. Characteristics of studies that examined RAE and anthropometric characteristics
Studies
Country
Categories
(years)
Competitive
Level
Main Results
Carling et al.21
French
14-16
Elite
Significant differences in height and weight were
observed among quartiles. Coelho et al.27
Portugal
13-14
Regional Local
The regional group was heavier and taller than
the local group. Deprez et al.16
Belgian
9-18
Elite
No significant differences were observed in
anthropometric variables among quartiles. Hirose24
Japan
U10 to U15
Elite
Significant differences were observed among
quartiles for height. Rebelo et al.28
Portugal
U19
Elite Regional
Players differ in anthropometric measures ac-
cording to specific position. Box 3. Characteristics of studies that examined RAE and anthropometric characteristics 373 Pedretti & Seabra Relative age effect in soccer tral defenders tend to be larger and heavier than non-elite players in their
respective positions. Elite midfielders showed moderate differences in
body mass, but not when compared to non-elite players. Small differences
in height and weight were observed between defenders and forwarders. A
study carried out is Spain19 with non-elite players aged 12-19 years showed
that central defenders were taller and heavier in relation to external de-
fenders, central midfielders, external midfielders and forwarders (p<.01). There was a significant difference24 between Q1 and Q4 for height only
for players aged 12 years (p<.01) and 14 years (p<.05). The height of Q3 for
players aged 12 years (p<.01), and Q4 for players aged 14 years (p<.01) were
significantly lower than those of Q1 and Q2. Relative age effect and anthropometrics
characteristics in young soccer players In addition to these results,
there was also a statistical difference in height for players aged 11 to 13
years when the maturational difference was statistically controlled, Q3 for
players aged 13 years (p<.01), Q4 for players aged 11 years (p<.01) and 14
years (p<.05) were significantly lower than that those in Q1. A significant
difference21 was observed in height (Q4 vs Q1, p<.001) and weight (Q3 vs
Q4, p=.049). In addition, the number of players born in Q1 was significantly
higher (p<.05), indicating that the maturity offset in Q1 was lower in young
soccer players in northern Spain29. On the other hand16, no significant ef-
fect on anthropometric variables was observed (height and weight) among
quartiles within all age categories: U15, U17 and U19. Relative age effect and physical fitness and technical
skills in youth soccer players Elite defenders tend to be different from non-elite defenders in SJ
and juggling, while differences in agility and YYIR2 were moderate. Elite
midfielders showed moderate differences in 5 - and 30-m sprint, agility,
juggling and YYIR2 compared with non-elite. Elite forwarders showed mod-
erate differences in agility and YIR2 compared with non-elite forwarders. When young soccer players from northern Spain29 were analyzed, older
players showed better performance in 15 - (p<.01) and 30-m sprint (p<.01)
and agility tests for 15 - (p<.01) and 30-m (p<.05). In general, players who
were born in the first quartile showed significantly better performance than
those who were born in the last quartile. Older players also showed better
performance on YYIR1 and CMJ, although not statistically significant. On the other hand30, significant benefits for physical fitness components
(muscular strength and anaerobic power) in soccer players (U14 to U17)
born in the first quarter compared to players born in all other quarters
were not evident. There was no28 effect of the interaction between competitive level
and specific position in any of the tests or functional ability (p<.05). Elite
goalkeepers tend to perform better than non-elite goalkeepers on all tests. Differences in SJ, YYIR2, juggling and CMJ were observed. Moderate dif-
ferences were also observed for the performance of 5 - and 30-m sprint and
agility. Elite defenders tend to be different from non-elite defenders in SJ
and juggling, while differences in agility and YYIR2 were moderate. Elite
midfielders showed moderate differences in 5 - and 30-m sprint, agility,
juggling and YYIR2 compared with non-elite. Elite forwarders showed mod-
erate differences in agility and YIR2 compared with non-elite forwarders. f
When young soccer players from northern Spain29 were analyzed, older
players showed better performance in 15 - (p<.01) and 30-m sprint (p<.01)
and agility tests for 15 - (p<.01) and 30-m (p<.05). In general, players who
were born in the first quartile showed significantly better performance than
those who were born in the last quartile. Older players also showed better
performance on YYIR1 and CMJ, although not statistically significant. On the other hand30, significant benefits for physical fitness components
(muscular strength and anaerobic power) in soccer players (U14 to U17)
born in the first quarter compared to players born in all other quarters
were not evident. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2015, 17(3):367-377 Relative age effect and physical fitness and technical
skills in youth soccer players Box 4 shows the characteristic of the five studies that examined relative
age effect and physical fitness components and technical skills in young
soccer players. In 30-m sprint, central defenders were faster than the other groups19. In squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, goalkeepers
showed the best results, and the lowest values were found for external mid-
fielders. Differences were not statistically significant. Better performance
was observed27 in the functional characteristics [SJ (p<.01), sprint (p<.01),
sum of seven sprints (p<.01)], but in only one technical skill [juggling Box 4. Characteristic of studies that examined RAE and physical fitness components and technical skills
Studies
Country
Categories
(years)
Competitive
Level
Main Results
Carling et al.21
French
14-16
Elite
Significant differences in VO2, anaerobic power and
concentric strength were observed among quartiles. Coelho et al.27
Portugal
13-14
Regional Local
The regional group had better performance in explo-
sive power and juggling than the local group. There
were no differences between groups in competitive
agility, YYIR1 and dribbling. Deprez et al.30
Belgian
10–16
Elite
There was no significant difference in physical fitness
(anaerobic power and muscular strength) among
quartiles. Rebelo et al.28
Portugal
U19
Elite Regional
Players differed in physical fitness and technical skills
in competitive level and specific position. Box 4. Characteristic of studies that examined RAE and physical fitness components and technical skills 374 (p<.05)] at regional level. Local and regional participants did not differ in
agility, aerobic endurance, speed dribbling, precision shooting and pass-
ing. It was also observed27 that regional players showed better results on SJ
[defenders: p<.01, forwards: p<.05] and 30-m sprint tests [defenders: p<.01,
midfielders: p<.01] than players who compete at local level. In contrast,
no significant differences were observed among positions in relation to
agility trials, YYIR1, and technical skills (except for juggling, p<.05). Sig-
nificant differences were found21 in the year quarters for VO2max (Q4 vs
Q1, p=.007), maximal anaerobic power (Q1 vs Q4, p=.039) and maximal
concentric force (Q1 vs Q4, p<.001). concentric force (Q1 vs Q4, p<.001). There was no28 effect of the interaction between competitive level
and specific position in any of the tests or functional ability (p<.05). Elite
goalkeepers tend to perform better than non-elite goalkeepers on all tests. Differences in SJ, YYIR2, juggling and CMJ were observed. Moderate dif-
ferences were also observed for the performance of 5 - and 30-m sprint and
agility. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS In soccer competitions, players are usually grouped according to their
chronological age. This study review: (1) the prevalence of RAE in soccer
players, (a) considering competitive level (b) and specific position and
(2) association between RAE (a) and anthropometric characteristics, (b)
physical fitness components and technical skills.h There is a consensus the presence of a RAE in men’s soccer: Players
born after the cut-off dates are overrepresented (professional, amateur, elite,
regional or local level). The reason for this selection behaviour is justified
by the thought of immediate success and avoids the long-term goals of
promoting and developing talent. While the coaches’ of the young soccer
players judge according to the probable performance advantage of those
born at the beginning of the year selection for your success present, this
bias may worsen, with prejudice to the sport and the young soccer players. 375 Pedretti & Seabra Relative age effect in soccer Some authors have shown that the percentage of players born in the first
quarter of the selection year is high for professionals, but peak values were
found for the youth elite and along the regional and school representation,
a large decrease is evident. When compared to non-elite, the elite group
(young players), it was observed that the distribution of births significantly
differed. Given the relevance of the RAE and its potential to introduce a
bias in the talent identification process, new studies correlating RAE and
competitive level are needed for a better understanding of this issue, given
that there are few studies focusing this theme.hi The relationship between RAE and the specific position is controversial,
according to few studies. While some authors show that there are no clear
differences in the distribution of birth dates for specific position, others
found that defenders, midfielders and forwarders were overrepresented at
the beginning of the selection year. Some results have shown that young
players with potential are neglected and that the subject is poorly docu-
mented, so further studies should be carried out in order to identify the
possible spread and development of RAE. Thus, RAE and its relation to
specific position is a gap to be filled.i It is likely that players born in the first quarter of the selection year
differ in a variety of anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness
components compared with peers born in the second half. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Given this gap in
literature and the lack of consistency in expected results on anthropometric
variables, physical fitness components and technical skills, further studies
should be carried out to better understand this selection bias, detection
and development of ‘talents’. REFERENCES Wiium N, Lie SA, Ommundsen Y, Enksen HR. Does relative age effect exist among
norwegian professional soccer players? Int J Appl Sports Sci 2010;22(2):66-76.hf 15. Augste C, Lames M. The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer
teams. J Sports Sci 2011;29(9):983-7. 16. Del Campo DGD, Vicedo JCP, Villora SG, Jordan ORC. The relative age effect in
youth soccer players from Spain. J Sports SciMed 2010;9(2):190-198.f 17. Deprez D, Vaeyens R, Coutts AJ, Lenoir M, Philippaerts R. Relative age effect and
Yo-Yo IR1 in youth soccer. Int J Sports Med 2012;33(12):987-93.f 18. Williams JH. Relative age effect in youth soccer: analysis of the FIFA U17 World
Cup competition. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010;20(3):502-8. 19. Lago-Peñas C, Casais L, Dellal A, Rey E, Domínguez E. Anthropometric and physi-
ological characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing positions:
relevance for competition success. J Strength Cond Res 2011;25(12):3358-67.fi 20. Pyne DB, Gardner AS, Sheehan K, Hopkins WG. Positional differences in fit-
ness and anthropometric characteristics in Australian football. J Sci Med Sport
2006;9(1-2):143-50.i 21. Carling C, Le Gall F, Reilly T, Williams AM. Do anthropometric and fitness char-
acteristics vary according to birth date distribution in elite youth academy soccer
players? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009;19(1):3-9.hf 22. Vaeyens R, Philippaerts RM, Malina RM. The relative age effect in soccer: a match-
related perspective. J Sports Sci 2005;23(7):747-56. 23. Besson R, Poli R, Ravenel L. Demographic Study. CIES Football Observatory. 2013. Lausanne: Editions CIES. Available: http://www.football-observatory.com/-
Publications,18- 24. Hirose N. Relationships among birth-month distribution, skeletal age and
anthropometric characteristics in adolescent elite soccer players. J Sports Sci
2009;27(11):1159-66.f 25. Romann M, Fuchslocher J. Relative age effects in Swiss junior soccer and their
relationship with playing position. Eur J Sport Sci 2013;13(4):356-63.l 26. Costa ITd, Garganta J, Greco PJ, Mesquita I, Seabra A. Influence of relative age ef-
fects and quality of tactical behaviour in the performance of youth soccer players. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2010;10(2):82-97. 27. Coelho ESMJ, Figueiredo AJ, Simoes F, Seabra A, Natal A, Vaeyens R, et al. Discrimination of u-14 soccer players by level and position. Int J Sports Med
2010;31(11):790-6. 28. Rebelo A, Brito J, Maia J, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Figueiredo AJ, Bangsbo J, et al. Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and technical performance of
under-19 soccer players by competitive level and field position. Int J Sports Med
2013;34(4):312-7. 29. REFERENCES 1. Cobley S, Baker J, Wattie N, McKenna J. Annual age-grouping and athlete develop-
ment. Sports Med 2009;39(3):235-56.f 1. Cobley S, Baker J, Wattie N, McKenna J. Annual age-grouping and athlete develop-
ment. Sports Med 2009;39(3):235-56.f 2. Helsen WF, Starkes JL, Van Winckel J. Effect of a change in selection year on suc-
cess in male soccer players. Am J Hum Biol 2000;12(6):729-35.h 2. Helsen WF, Starkes JL, Van Winckel J. Effect of a change in selection year on suc-
cess in male soccer players. Am J Hum Biol 2000;12(6):729-35.h 3. Mujika I, Vaeyens R, Matthys SP, Santisteban J, Goiriena J, Philippaerts R. The rela-
tive age effect in a professional football club setting. J Sports Sci 2009;27(11):1153-8. f
4. Musch J, Grondin S. Unequal Competition as an Impediment to Personal Devel-
opment: A Review of the Relative Age Effect in Sport. Dev Rev 2001;21(2):147-67. f
5. Malina RM, Eisenmann JC, Cumming SP, Ribeiro B, Aroso J. Maturity-associated
variation in the growth and functional capacities of youth football (soccer) players
13-15 years. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004;91(5-6):555-62.hf y
y
6. Helsen WF, Starkes JL, Van Winckel J. The relative age effect in youth soccer across
Europe. J Sports Sci 2005;23(6):629-36.hh 7. Barnsley RH, Thompson AH, Barnsley PE. Hockey success and birthdate: The rela-
tive age effect. Journal of the Canadian Association of Health, Physical Education
and Recreation1985;51:23-28.h 8. Helsen WF, Hodges NJ, Van Winckel J, Starkes JL. The roles of talent, physi-
cal precocity and practice in the development of soccer expertise. J Sports Sci
2000;18(9):727-36.f 9. Cobley SP, Schorer J, Baker J. Relative age effects in professional German soccer: a
historical analysis. J Sports Sci 2008;26(14):1531-8. 10. Costa V, Simim M, Noce F, Costa I, Samulski D, Moraes L. Comparison of relative
age of elite athletes participating in the 2008 Brazilian soccer championship series
A and B. Motr 2009;5(3):13-7. 376 11. Delorme N, Boiché J, Raspaud M. Relative age effect in elite sports: methodological
bias or real discrimination? Eur J Sport Sci 2010;10(2):91-6.h 12. Helsen WF, Baker J, Michiels S, Schorer J, Van Winckel J, Williams AM. The rela-
tive age effect in European professional soccer: did ten years of research make any
difference? J Sports Sci 2012;30(15):1665-71.f f
13. Jimenez IP, Pain MT. Relative age effect in Spanish association football: its extent
and implications for wasted potential. J Sports Sci 2008;26(10):995-1003.f 14. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2015, 17(3):367-377 REFERENCES Gil SM, Badiola A, Bidaurrazaga-Letona I, Zabala-Lili J, Gravina L, Santos-
Concejero J, et al. Relationship between the relative age effect and anthropometry,
maturity and performance in young soccer players. J Sports Sci 2013. 30. Deprez D, Coutts AJ, Fransen J, Deconinck F, Lenoir M, Vaeyens R, et al. Relative
age, biological maturation and anaerobic characteristics in elite youth soccer play-
ers. Int J Sports Med 2013;34(10):897-903. 377
377 Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2015, 17(3):367-377
| 26,160 |
https://github.com/sachinhegde6/Budget-applicationJavaASTparser/blob/master/budgetapp-master/src/test/java/io/budgetapp/modal/IdentityResponse.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,018 |
Budget-applicationJavaASTparser
|
sachinhegde6
|
Java
|
Code
| 59 | 219 |
package io.budgetapp.modal;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
/**
*
*/
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class IdentityResponse {
private Long id;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
ASTClass.instrum("Expression Statement","18");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("IdentityResponse{");
ASTClass.instrum("Variable Declaration Statement","23");
sb.append("id=").append(id);
ASTClass.instrum("Expression Statement","24");
sb.append('}');
ASTClass.instrum("Expression Statement","25");
return sb.toString();
}
}
| 44,097 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Encarnaci%C3%B3n
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Juan Encarnación
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juan Encarnación&action=history
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,299 | 1,905 |
Juan De Dios Encarnación (born March 8, 1976) is a Dominican former professional baseball outfielder. He played 11 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1997 to 2007 for the Detroit Tigers, Cincinnati Reds, Florida Marlins, Los Angeles Dodgers, and St. Louis Cardinals. Encarnación suffered a career-ending injury after getting hit in the eye by a foul ball on August 31, 2007.
Career
Encarnación was signed by the Detroit Tigers as an amateur free agent in , at age 17, and made his Major League debut in at age 21 for the Tigers. He was the fourth youngest player in the AL that year. Encarnación played for the Tigers until , when he was traded and had his best season as a Cincinnati Red and Florida Marlin, hitting a career-high 24 home runs and driving in 85 runs. In 2003, he set two more career highs with 94 RBI and a team-leading 37 doubles on the way to a World Series ring after winning the 2003 World Series with Florida. He was then traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers in December of that year. He was traded back to Florida midway through the season along with Paul Lo Duca and Guillermo Mota for Brad Penny, Bill Murphy, and Hee-seop Choi after hitting a disappointing .235 in 86 games. Encarnación bounced back with a solid year in , batting .287 with 16 homers and 76 runs batted in. He was also on the roster for the Dominican team in the inaugural World Baseball Classic. Encarnación signed a three-year contract with St. Louis on December 23, , worth $15 million.
2006 season
Encarnación finished the 2006 season, his first with the Cardinals, batting .278 with 19 home runs and 79 RBI for the Cards, with six steals. He led the Cardinals in games played (153) and at bats (557), was third in runs scored (74), second in hits (155), fourth in doubles (25), tied for first with Aaron Miles in triples (5), tied for fourth with Jim Edmonds in home runs (19), third in RBI (79), third in total bases (247), tied for eighth with Chris Duncan in walks (30), third in strikeouts (86), sixth in steals (6), second in caught stealing (5), 11th in on-base percentage (.317), sixth in slugging average (.443), and seventh in batting average (.278). He also had 265 putouts, four assists, and six errors in 275 total chances, for a .978 fielding percentage.
In the playoffs, he was 8-for-44 (.182) with two triples and five RBI. He hit an RBI triple in Game 4 of the NLDS which turned out to be the game-winner, as the Cardinals went on to beat the Padres, 6–4, winning the series. However, he struggled the rest of the postseason and sat the final three games of the World Series, in which the Cardinals defeated the Detroit Tigers 4–1. Encarnación confused many fans when he, without explanation, did not appear at the Cardinals' World Series victory parade. It is rumored that he was upset over not playing in Game 5 of the World Series. This marked the second time he has won a World Series but skipped the victory parade with the winning team; he also skipped the 2003 Florida Marlins World Series victory parade.
2007 season
The season marked Encarnación's tenth in the major leagues and his second with the Cardinals. Before the season, he had surgery on his left wrist and was not ready for opening day. He started the year on the 15-day disabled list. Encarnación rehabbed first in Florida at extended Spring training, homering twice in three games. He did not appear in any games during regular Spring training. Next, he had a rehabilitation assignment at Double-A Springfield. He batted just .155 (9-for-58) with 4 doubles and 4 runs batted in during the assignment. He returned to the Cardinals on Mother's Day, May 13, playing right field vs. San Diego, going 0-for-3. From May 30 to June 18, Encarnación had an 18-game hitting streak, just one short of his career-high of 19, which he set in 2000. He lost some playing time after the emergence of pitcher-turned outfielder Rick Ankiel.
Eye injury
On August 31, Encarnación was struck in the face by a foul ball hit by teammate Aaron Miles while he was in the on-deck circle. Encarnación suffered multiple fractures to his left eye socket and an injury to his left eye and missed the remainder of the 2007 season.
On January 16, 2008 it was reported that he would miss the entire 2008 season, and the future of his career was in serious jeopardy. On May 2, 2008, during a web chat hosted by MLB and the St. Louis Cardinals for fans to talk with the team's new general manager, John Mozeliak, a question was asked regarding the possibility of Encarnación returning to the team. Mozeliak stated, "I'm sorry to say that he will not. His injury will likely result in his career ending."
Life after baseball
In July 2009, a Dominican news organization reported that Encarnación was organizing a run to become a senator in the Dominican Republic, representing his home province of San Juan de la Maguana. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch later reported that the reports were unsubstantiated and without merit, and Encarnación had instead been working heavily on his charity, the Juan Encarnación Foundation. On February 7, 2011, Encarnación inaugurated the National Campaign Headquarters in San Juan de la Maguana of his independent Political Movement, M-12 in support of the PRD Party's Presidential Candidate, Miguel Vargas Maldonado. Encarnación was also the leader of the National Sports Committee for Miguel Vargas' Presidential Project as part of the National Board of Director of Independent Movements with Vargas.
In August 2021, the attorney general of Distrito Nacional in the Dominican Republic confirmed that Encarnación was being held at the Palace of Justice, due to a complaint that had been filed against him in May, alleging that he had sexually assaulted his daughter, a minor. The next day, it was announced that Encarnación would be charged, and, in the meantime, held without bail.
Records
He had two career best 19-game hitting streaks in 2000 with Detroit.
In 2003, he was one of just three outfielders without an error, along with Milwaukee's Geoff Jenkins and St. Louis' Orlando Palmeiro. He was also the first Marlins outfielder to post a 1.000 fielding percentage in their history.
His stint of 227 errorless games in the outfield was the second-longest streak in baseball behind the Mets' Joe McEwing (228).
He hit two grand slams in April 2005 (including one off Atlanta's John Smoltz on Opening Day), and became just the 16th player in history to record grand slams in their first two homers of the season. Encarnación only had one grand slam in his career prior to that.
Career honors and awards
1997 – Southern League All-Star Game (Double-A) (Outfielder)
1997 – Double-A All-Star Team (Baseball America)
1997 – Southern League All-Star Game Most Valuable Player
1997 – Southern League's Best Batting Prospect, Best Outfield Arm, and Most Exciting Player (Baseball America)
1997 – One of baseball's Top 10 prospects (Howe Sportsdata)
1998 – Detroit's Player of the Month (September)
2000 – Detroit's Player of the Month (April)
2003 – World Series Champion (Florida Marlins)
2006 – World Series Champion (St. Louis Cardinals)
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Bristol Tigers players
Cincinnati Reds players
Detroit Tigers players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Fayetteville Generals players
Florida Marlins players
Jacksonville Suns players
Lakeland Tigers players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Springfield Cardinals players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Toledo Mud Hens players
World Baseball Classic players of the Dominican Republic
2006 World Baseball Classic players
| 17,695 |
https://github.com/dominik791/react-redux-flow-CRA-CSSModules-starter/blob/master/src/components/TodoList/TodoList.component.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
react-redux-flow-CRA-CSSModules-starter
|
dominik791
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 74 | 242 |
/* @flow */
import React from 'react';
import styles from './TodoList.stylesheet.css';
type Props = {
todos: Todos,
onTodoClick: (id: number) => void,
currentFilter: string
}
const TodoList = ({ todos, onTodoClick, currentFilter }: Props) => {
const handleTodoClick = (id: number): void => {
onTodoClick(id);
};
return (
<ul className={styles.TodoList}>
<h2 className={styles.currentFilter}>{currentFilter}</h2>
{todos.map((todo, index) => (
<li key={index}
onClick={() => handleTodoClick(todo.id)}
className={styles.todo}>
{index + 1}. {todo.name}
</li>
))}
</ul>
);
};
export default TodoList;
| 49,444 |
https://github.com/cristihan/webfutbol/blob/master/resources/views/padres/partials/fields.blade.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
webfutbol
|
cristihan
|
PHP
|
Code
| 65 | 272 |
<div class="form-group">
{!!Form::label('nombre', 'Nombre') !!};
{!!Form::text('nombre', null, ['class' => 'form-control', 'placeholder' => 'Introducir nombre']) !!}
</div>
<div class="form-group">
{!!Form::label('apellidos', 'Apellidos') !!};
{!!Form::text('apellidos', null, ['class' => 'form-control', 'placeholder' => 'Introducir apellidos']) !!}
</div>
<div class="form-group">
{!!Form::label('telefono', 'Telefono') !!};
{!!Form::text('telefono', null, ['class' => 'form-control', 'placeholder' => 'Introducir telefono']) !!}
</div>
<div class="form-group">
{!!Form::label('email', 'Correo Electronico') !!};
{!!Form::text('email', null, ['class' => 'form-control', 'placeholder' => 'Introducir email']) !!}
</div>
| 49,516 |
<urn:uuid:27873dda-13c7-42ab-af09-e1997155e781>
|
French Open Data
|
Open Government
|
Various open data
| null |
https://francearchives.gouv.fr/facomponent/c4f2fd51ed294b7125882b3dadb2346c3a0c6b0d
|
francearchives.gouv.fr
|
Maltese
|
Spoken
| 11 | 25 |
Dossier : 2001X 002738
Document d'archives : Dossier : 2001X 002738
| 17,594 |
https://github.com/ville-k/vinn/blob/master/tests/test.h
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
vinn
|
ville-k
|
C
|
Code
| 43 | 194 |
#ifndef __vinn__test__
#define __vinn__test__
#include "vi/la/context.h"
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace test {
std::string fixture_path(const std::string fixture_file);
std::vector<vi::la::context*> all_contexts();
}
::testing::AssertionResult AssertMatricesEqual(const char* expected_expression,
const char* actual_expression,
const vi::la::matrix& expected,
const vi::la::matrix& actual);
#define EXPECT_MATRIX_EQ(expected, actual) \
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(AssertMatricesEqual, expected, actual)
#endif
| 13,985 |
2553211_2
|
Court Listener
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
| 5,057 | 7,636 |
Although insistent in its tone, the dissent's constitutional argument rests on factual and legal propositions that are simply false. First, the dissent presumes that one can identify at the time of sentencing those sex offenders who will eventually be committed to the STU. That assumption, however, is unsubstantiated. Although there are well established methods to differentiate between the sexual offenders who meet the test for an ADTC sentence and those who do not, as among the latter group, that is, the sexual offenders who are sent to prison, there is no way to identify which of them will be among the few who will eventually be committed pursuant to the SVPA. The record reveals none and the dissent points to none. To the extent that the dissent relies on the fact that half of the total number of inmates committed to the STU come from prison rather than from ADTC, see post at 216-18, 8 A.3d at 196-97, it either misunderstands or misuses the available statistics. Comparing the numbers of offenders committed to STU while ignoring the larger universe of originally-sentenced offenders from which that number is drawn overlooks the fact that the vast percentage of sex offenders found ineligible for ADTC are released from prison; only a tiny fraction of those offenders are committed to the STU. In the absence of a predictive tool that will identify which offenders those would be, the dissent, in reality, is arguing for sex offender treatment for every single inmate who has been convicted of a sex offense, regardless of whether any of them actually would benefit from such a scheme. The constitution does not so require.
Second, the dissent's Eighth Amendment argument is fundamentally flawed. No court has concluded that the failure to provide sex offender treatment during incarceration equates with cruel and unusual punishment and the dissent does not point to any. Rather, the dissent relies on the well-settled Eighth Amendment decisions addressing deliberate indifference to a known substantial risk of harm or to serious medical needs, implying that those pronouncements support its novel conclusion. See post at 212-14, 8 A.3d at 193-94. Of course, failing to treat physical injuries, see Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104, 97 S.Ct. 285, 291, 50 L.Ed.2d 251, 260 (1976) (holding that "deliberate indifference to serious medical needs of prisoners" gives rise to Eighth Amendment claim), or knowingly exposing a particular inmate to the risk of harm from other inmates, see Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832-33, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 1977, 128 L.Ed.2d 811, 823 (1994) (applying Eighth Amendment and remanding transgender inmate's claim that his rights were violated by being placed in general male population known for high rate of inmate assaults), or otherwise denying an inmate "adequate medical care" consistent with "basic human needs," see DeShaney v. Winnebago County Dep't of Social Servs., 489 U.S. 189, 199-200, 109 S.Ct. 998, 1005-06, 103 L.Ed.2d 249, 261-62 (1989) (noting, in dicta, that the state has a duty to provide for the "basic human needs" of individuals whose liberty is restrained), *189 are all recognized Eighth Amendment interests. Although the dissent equates an inmate's mental abnormality with a medical need, post at 213-14, 8 A.3d at 194, medical needs have not been defined so broadly, but instead have been found to be of far more limited scope. See Monmouth County Corr. Instit. Inmates v. Lanzaro, 834 F.2d 326, 347 (3d Cir.1987) (defining serious medical need as "one that has been diagnosed by a physician as requiring treatment or one that is so obvious that a lay person would easily recognize the necessity for a doctor's attention.").
Finally, the dissent's reliance on decisions concerning the rights that civilly committed, mentally disabled, persons have to treatment, see Youngberg v. Romeo, 457 U.S. 307, 317-18, 102 S.Ct. 2452, 2459, 73 L.Ed.2d 28, 37-38 (1982) (holding that the state may have to provide mentally disabled individuals who are civilly committed with training to avoid unconstitutional infringement of Eighth Amendment rights), confuses the rights that this defendant might have after he is committed to the SVPA with the rights that he might or might not have while incarcerated. As the United States Supreme Court held, "[p]ersons who have been involuntarily committed are entitled to more considerate treatment and conditions of confinement than criminals whose conditions of confinement are designed to punish." Id. at 321-22, 102 S.Ct. at 2461, 73 L.Ed.2d at 41.
Our dissenting colleague calls upon the Legislature to take up the suggestion of the Appellate Division's concurring judge and revisit these statutes. Post at 216-17, 8 A.3d at 196 (quoting In re W.X.C., supra, 407 N.J.Super. at 643, 972 A.2d 462). The Legislature may well choose to revisit the statutes relating to sex offenders, and it might do so in light of the fact that this specific offender was identified as a potential SVPA committee two years before his expected release. However, there being no constitutional infirmity in the statutory framework now in place governing sex offenders, that choice remains one that is for the Legislature to make.
III.
The judgment of the Appellate Division is affirmed.
Justice ALBIN, dissenting.
Today, the majority holds that the State can both deny treatment to a prison inmate who suffers from "a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person likely to engage in acts of sexual violence," N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.26, and then use the inmate's failure to receive such treatment as the basis for his civil commitment under the Sexually Violent Predator Act, N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.24 to -27.38. Denying an inmate treatment for a mental abnormality or personality disorder and then, when he is about to be released after serving his sentence, justifying his civil commitment because of a lack of treatment is not a rational public policy but a charade that violates fundamental rights guaranteed under both the United States and New Jersey Constitutions.
Nevertheless, I would not grant W.X.C. the relief he seekshis freedombecause his release would present an immediate danger to the public, even if his status as an unrehabilitated sex offender can be laid at the feet of the State.[1] Although the public should not suffer because the State *190 has ignored the rights of this former inmate, this unconstitutional scheme should not be allowed to continue. Going forward, when the State knows or has a reasonable belief that one of its inmates is suffering from a mental abnormality or personality disorder that will likely render him subject to civil commitment under the Sexually Violent Predator Act, in my view, our federal and state constitutions mandate that the State treat or attempt to treat the inmate before initiating civil-commitment proceedings.
I therefore respectfully dissent.
I.
In 1993, W.X.C., then twenty-five years old, pled guilty to committing violent sexual crimes and related crimes against three women on three separate occasions. Among the crimes to which W.X.C. pled guilty were two aggravated sexual assaults, an attempted aggravated sexual assault, kidnapping, two armed robberies, and several burglaries. At the time he entered guilty pleas to those crimes, W.X.C. told the court: "I realize I have a debt to pay back to society for what I have done. and it is obvious from the crimes that it is repetitive and compulsive, I'm asking I want to be rehabilitated. I want treatment. I don't want to be released until I am rehabilitated." The court advised W.X.C. that he first would have to be evaluated to determine whether he was eligible for a sentence to the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADTC) at Avenel. At the time, under the Sex Offender Act, if a psychological examination of "the offender's conduct was characterized by a pattern of repetitive, compulsive behavior," then the court, "upon the recommendation of the [ADTC]," had the discretion to sentence the offender to the ADTC "for a program of specialized treatment for his mental condition. ." N.J.S.A. 2C:47-3(a) (1979) (current version at N.J.S.A. 2C:47-3(a)). Any sentence to the ADTC still had to comport with the sentencing provisions of the Code of Criminal Justice. N.J.S.A. 2C:47-3(b) (1979) (current version at N.J.S.A. 2C:47-3(c)).[2]
Dr. Mark Frank, the psychologist who evaluated W.X.C. for the Department of Corrections, determined that W.X.C. was a repetitive offender. Dr. Frank, however, believed that W.X.C.'s case presented "diagnostic difficulties" in determining whether his conduct could be deemed "compulsive." On the one hand, W.X.C.'s sexual misconduct could be considered "motivated by a deviant sexual arousal pattern that reflects repetitive, compulsive sexual pathology." On the other hand, W.X.C.'s offenses could "be best understood within the broader context of [his] overall antisocial orientation with concomitant hedonistic and exploitive tendencies."[3] Because *191 in Dr. Frank's mind the "preponderance of the evidence" favored the second hypothesis, he ruled W.X.C. ineligible for treatment at the ADTC, although he recommended psychotherapy given "the serious nature of these offenses."
At sentencing, in 1994, W.X.C. and his attorney asked the court to sentence him to the ADTC for sex-offender treatment. Because of Dr. Frank's report, W.X.C. In 1998, the Legislature enacted the Sexually Violent Predator Act (SVPA), N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.24 to -27.38, "in recognition of the need for commitment of those sexually violent predators who pose a danger to others should they be returned to society." N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.25(c). To involuntarily commit an offender under the SVPA, the State must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the offender is a "sexually violent predator." N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.32(a). A sexually violent predator is defined as a "person who has been convicted. . . of a sexually violent offense . . . and suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person likely to engage in acts of sexual violence if not confined in a secure facility for control, care and treatment." N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.26.
From 1995 to 2007, W.X.C., while in prison, attended a variety of treatment programs, including alcoholics anonymous, narcotics anonymous, substance abuse counseling, twelve-step relapse prevention counseling, anger management, encounter and peer group counseling, and behavior modification counseling. He also participated in employment training in business management, culinary arts, and furniture building. He had no record of institutional infractions during twelve years of incarceration in state prison. However, W.X.C. was not offered sex-offender specific therapy.
About two years before his scheduled release from prison, W.X.C. was evaluated for civil commitment under the SVPA. In September 2005, Dr. Frank, the same psychologist who found W.X.C. ineligible for sex-offender treatment in 1994, interviewed and evaluated W.X.C. again. Dr. Frank recommended that the Attorney General review W.X.C.'s case for civil commitment under the SVPA. Dr. Frank found that W.X.C. "does not appear to have had any appreciable sex-offender specific psychotherapy guided by a treatment specialist." In addition, Dr. Frank reported:
[W.X.C.] has apparently yet to work intensively in sex offender specific psychotherapy in either a group or individual modality. Clearly, this type of treatment is indicated, as is continued treatment for substance abuse. If [W.X.C.] is paroled, extremely close supervision and monitoring for substance abuse is recommended, along with mandated sex offender specific psychotherapy.
Still, the Department of Corrections offered W.X.C. no specific sex-offender treatment that might mitigate the need for his civil commitment.
In March 2007, Dr. Wayne Blodgett, a psychologist who interviewed and evaluated W.X.C. in prison, came to the following conclusion: "Clinical and actuarial findings *192 indicated this inmate does meet the criteria as a Sexually Violent Predator who requires formal treatment before being released to the community. Hence this inmate should be referred to the NJ Attorney General's office for consideration of commitment under" the SVPA.[4]
On April 22, 2007, Dr. Neal Brandoff, a psychiatrist employed by the University of Medicine and Dentistry, examined and evaluated W.X.C. at Riverfront State Prison. In support of the State's petition for involuntary commitment, Dr. Brandoff wrote: "[W.X.C.] had no sex offender specific therapy, saying none was recommended nor available; he studied what written materials he could obtain on his own about sex offending."
On April 24, 2007, the day W.X.C. was scheduled to be released from prison, a Superior Court judge granted the State's petition to temporarily commit him to the Special Treatment Unit (STU). On May 17, 2007, in anticipation of the commitment hearing, Dr. Evan Feibusch, on behalf of the State, evaluated W.X.C.'s case, concluding that W.X.C.'s risk of recidivism was high and that he had "not moderated his risk through treatment. He has not had treatment for his sexually inappropriate behavior."
Several months later, another Superior Court judge conducted a commitment hearing pursuant to the SVPA. Based on the testimonies of Dr. Feibusch, a staff psychiatrist at the STU (Woodbridge), and Dr. Brian Freidman, a staff clinical psychologist at the STU (Kearney), the judge concluded that W.X.C. is a sexually violent predator who "suffers from abnormal mental conditions and personality disorders" that make it "highly likely that [W.X.C.] will commit sexually violent offenses in the foreseeable future if he is not committed for care and for the protection of the public."
II.
The justification for the civil commitment of W.X.C. rested, to a great degree, on the sexually violent acts he committed fifteen years earlier and the failure to receive sex-offender specific treatment while in prison. The State should have known at the time of W.X.C.'s sentencing that he was in need of sex-offender specific treatment if he were to successfully transition back to society upon his release from prison. Certainly, the State should have known as much when the SVPA was passed in 1998. Twenty-two months before W.X.C.'s scheduled release, the State unquestionably knew W.X.C. was in need of sex-offender treatment. That is so because the very tests to determine if a person is suitable for civil commitment demonstrated the need for treatment. Almost every evaluation confirmed that W.X.C. was dangerous without sex-offender specific treatment. Yet he received no treatment.
At issue here is not the constitutionality of a civil-commitment statute, such as the Sexually Violent Predator Act, that serves the non-penal objective of institutionalizing sexually violent predators for the purpose of treating their mental abnormalities and personality disorders with the objective of making it likely that they will not re-offend. Rather, the issue is about a larger schemethe intersection of our penal and civil-commitment systemsthat allows the State to deny an inmate, over whom it has total control, treatment for a mental abnormality that will later be the basis for *193 the State's justification to civilly commit him.
The constitutionality of a civil-commitment statute, such as the SVPA, requires that the state offer treatment to those who are willing to receive and benefit from it. See Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346, 367-69, 117 S.Ct. 2072, 2084-85, 138 L.Ed.2d 501, 518-19 (1997) (Thomas, J., plurality opinion) (noting that treatment must be one purpose of valid civil-commitment statute so as not to run afoul of ex post facto clause); see also id. at 371-72, 117 S.Ct. at 2087, 138 L.Ed.2d at 521 (Kennedy, J., concurring) (noting that provision for treatment in civil-commitment statute may not be "sham or mere pretext" to conceal "forbidden purpose to punish"). It is understood that some, if not many, sexually violent predators may be untreatable and that even the state's best efforts will not be sufficient to allow their release into society. Nonetheless, treatment must be offered to those who are treatable.
New Jersey's SVPA is non-penal in nature and does not offend the substantive due process provisions of the federal and state constitutions because the Act provides for treatment of sexually violent predators. See In re Commitment of W.Z., 173 N.J. 109, 133-34, 801 A.2d 205 (2002). The SVPA declares that "[c]ertain individuals who commit sex offenses suffer from mental abnormalities or personality disorders which make them likely to engage in repeat acts of predatory sexual violence if not treated for their mental conditions." N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.25(a) (emphasis added). The SVPA specifically provides that "[t]he Department of Corrections shall be responsible for the operation of any facility designated for the custody, care and treatment of sexually violent predators . . . ." N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.34(a) (emphasis added). The Department of Human Services is required to "provide or arrange for treatment for a [sexually violent predator] committed" under the SVPA, and that treatment must "be appropriately tailored to address the specific needs of" that person. N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.34(b). Treatment of the offender lies at the very core of the SVPA.
The State, which confined W.X.C. in prison for more than twelve years without providing him with sex-offender specific treatment, now is responsible for providing him the very "care and treatment" it denied himtreatment that may have made his civil commitment less likely. Because the State determined during W.X.C.'s imprisonment that he would be subject to civil commitment under the SVPA and because the State had complete control over every aspect of his life, it had the obligation to provide him with sex-offender specific treatment directed at his "mental abnormality or personality disorder." That obligation arises from the State's special relationship with those who are stripped of their freedom and confined in custodial institutions, and who therefore cannot obtain treatment for themselves.
In DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, 489 U.S. 189, 109 S.Ct. 998, 103 L.Ed.2d 249 (1989), the United States Supreme Court held:
[W]hen the State by the affirmative exercise of its power so restrains an individual's liberty that it renders him unable to care for himself, and at the same time fails to provide for his basic human needse.g., food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and reasonable safetyit transgresses the substantive limits on state action set by the Eighth Amendment and the Due Process Clause. The affirmative duty to protect arises not from the State's knowledge of the individual's predicament or from its expressions of intent to help him, but from the *194 limitation which it has imposed on his freedom to act on his own behalf.
[Id. at 200, 109 S.Ct. at 1005-06, 103 L.Ed.2d at 261-62 (emphasis added) (internal citations omitted).]
As noted in DeShaney, the State's affirmative duty to a prisoner is, in part, grounded in the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. U.S. Const. amend. VIII; see Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104-05, 97 S.Ct. 285, 291, 50 L.Ed.2d 251, 260 (1976) (holding that Eighth Amendment prohibits State from acting with deliberate indifference to serious medical need of inmate).[5] "[H]aving stripped [inmates] of virtually every means of self-protection and foreclosed their access to outside aid, the government and its officials" are under a constitutional obligation to "ensure that [they] receive adequate clothing, shelter and medical care. . . ." Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832-33, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 1976-77, 128 L.Ed.2d 811, 822-23 (1994). Clearly, an inmate suffering from a "mental abnormality or personality disorder" that renders him a sexually violent predator and subject to civil commitment is in need of "medical care."
Although generally the State may not be obliged to provide sex-offender specific therapy to those imprisoned, the deprivation of treatment takes on constitutional significance when it is used to civilly commit a person. Surely, the withholding of treatment may be considered "sufficiently serious" when it "result[s] in the denial of the minimal civilized measure of life's necessities"the ability of a convicted person to be released after serving his prison sentence. See id. at 834, 114 S.Ct. at 1977, 128 L.Ed.2d at 823 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted); see also In re Commitment of J.M.B., 197 N.J. 563, 598, 964 A.2d 752 (2009) ("[W]hen addressing application of the SVPA, we have emphasized that [c]ivil commitment for any purpose constitutes a significant deprivation of liberty that requires due process protection.") (internal citations and quotation marks omitted); cf. Youngberg v. Romeo, 457 U.S. 307, 317-18, 102 S.Ct. 2452, 2459, 73 L.Ed.2d 28, 37-38 (1982) (stating that because "there is a constitutionally protected liberty interest in safety and freedom from restraint, training may be necessary to avoid unconstitutional infringement of those rights" possessed by involuntarily committed, mentally retarded patients).
Here, the State maintained physical custody of and control over W.X.C. as an inmate. In prison, W.X.C. did not have access to an appropriate therapeutic program to treat sex offenders unless the State provided it to him.[6] In denying him appropriate treatment, the State maximized the likelihood that W.X.C., upon his release from prison, would be deprived of his freedom on the ground that he was an untreated sexually violent predator.[7] The *195 irony is that the Department of Corrections controlled every aspect of W.X.C.'s life while he was imprisoned for twelve years and now it is responsible for the operation of the facility designated for W.X.C.'s "custody, care and treatment" as a sexually violent predator. See N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.34(a). This bizarre scheme of denying an imprisoned inmate treatment for a mental abnormality or personality disorder and then committing him as an untreated sexually violent predator cannot be justified under either the federal or state constitution.
III.
I cannot agree with the majority that "the Sex Offender Act and the SVPA represent a carefully constructed framework for maximizing the goals of both treatment and punishment. . . ." Ante at 200, 8 A.3d at 186. Rather, as Justice Holmes once famously said, "a page of history is worth a volume of logic." New York Trust Co. v. Eisner, 256 U.S. 345, 349, 41 S.Ct. 506, 507, 65 L.Ed. 963, 983 (1921). It is the historical development of our law that best elucidates the asymmetrical approach to treatment of inmates. Logic does not explain why a sex offender driven by repetitive, compulsive behavior is eligible for a sentence to the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center but a sex offender who suffers from "a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person likely to engage in acts of sexual violence" is not.
The Sex Offender Act, N.J.S.A. 2C:47-1 to -10 (as successor to N.J.S.A. 2A:164-1 to -12), pre-dates the Sexually Violent Predator Act, N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.24 to -27.38, by almost a half century. At the time of the enactment of the Sex Offender Act, and the establishment of the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center, the Legislature obviously concluded that only those offenders whose "conduct was characterized by . . . [a] pattern of repetitive, compulsive behavior" should be eligible for "a program of specialized treatment for [their] mental and physical aberrations." N.J.S.A. 2A:164-5(a), (c) (1956) (current version at N.J.S.A. 2C:47-3). The purpose of a sentence to the ADTC was the rehabilitation of the offender, treating him so that he was "capable of making an acceptable social adjustment in the community." N.J.S.A. 2A:164-8 (1951) (current version at N.J.S.A. 2C:47-5). When the Sex Offender Act was passed, civil commitment for sexually violent predators was not an option, unless such sexual offenders met the general test for civil commitment. See N.J.S.A. 30:4-26.1 (1953) (current version at N.J.S.A. 30:4-27.1 to -27.23).
The enactment of the Sexually Violent Predator Act was ushered in during a different age, when the Legislature had greater knowledge and a better understanding of the grave threat that an unrehabilitated sex offender posed to society. That Act, presumably, reflects the current state of psychological and behavioral science pertaining to sexually violent predators. But the failure of the Legislature to provide for treatment of those imprisoned who suffer "a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes the person likely to engage in acts of sexual violence" is not evidence of an intelligent design, but more likely oversight. As a result of the current irrational and therefore unconstitutional *196 scheme, potentially treatable sex offenders in the general prison population of our State will be civilly committed because they have not been treated while incarcerated.
The anomalous outcomes from the two statutory schemes led Judge Stern in his concurring opinion in In re Civil Commitment of W.X.C. to suggest "that the Legislature should revisit the Sex Offender Act. . . in light of subsequent developments concerning the treatment of sex offenders." 407 N.J.Super. 619, 643, 972 A.2d 462 (App.Div.2009). Judge Stern understood that there may be no valid reason "to delay the treatment of sex offenders who do not now fall within the purview of [the Sex Offender Act]" and that "[o]ur sentencing and treatment of sex offenders may well benefit from legislative review. . . ." Ibid.
The statistics that the majority asserts demonstrate the constitutionality of the current legislative scheme, I believe, prove just the opposite. According to a 2003 study relied on by the majority, thirty-one persons released from the ADTC were civilly committed under the SVPA whereas twenty-five inmates released from the general prison population were similarly committed. Ante at 197-98, 8 A.3d at 184-85. That means that of the fifty-six persons committed under the SVPA in 2003, the State did not provide sex-offender specific treatment for forty-five percent of prison inmatesthe twenty-five who came from the general prison population.
A constitutional success story is not when nearly half of prison inmates civilly committed as sexually violent offenders were deprived of sex-offender specific treatment and the lack of treatment played a role in the justification for their civil commitment. The constitutional right to substantive due processthe right to be free from unnecessary governmental restraintshould be available to every person, however disfavored or despised he may be. Constitutional rights are not rationed based on a utilitarian theory that when a majority of some subject class receives the benefit of a right, those who do not should be equally content.
The majority does not explain why at the time of sentencingfor treatment purposespsychological experts and courts are able to determine that an offender is repetitive and compulsive, but not that an offender suffers from a mental abnormality or personality disorder that would make him eligible for commitment as a sexually violent predator. Certainly a court has no trouble making the sexually violent predator determination at the time of civil commitment. The majority does not give a satisfying reason why offenders most likely to be subject to civil commitment will not receive treatment during their incarceration. A scheme that is unconstitutional should not have greater currency becauseas the majority suggestsno court has said so yet.
IV.
Under the present statutory scheme, inmates who do not satisfy the criteria for placement under the Sex Offender Act, but who do meet the definition of a sexually violent predator, are denied the very treatment that may save them from civil commitment at the end of their criminal confinement. When the State knows or has a reasonable belief that an inmate in its custody suffers a mental abnormality or personality disorder that makes him eligible for civil commitment under the SVPA, the State must offer the inmate sex-offender specific therapy before it commences civil-commitment proceedings. That is because an inmate has a fundamental liberty interest in securing his freedom after serving his sentence. The State cannot deny an *197 inmate sex-offender specific treatment and then use his failure to receive such treatment as the basis for his civil commitment under the SVPA, consistent with the due-process guarantees of our federal and state constitutions.
I therefore respectfully dissent.
For affirmanceChief Justice RABNER and Justices LaVECCHIA, WALLACE, RIVERA-SOTO and HOENS5.
For reversalJustices LONG and ALBIN2.
NOTES
[1] The 2003 data remains the most recent available. Although the Public Defender and the Attorney General provided this Court with additional statistics relating to the ADTC and STU populations, that information does not include data of the kind that the researchers used in their study and thus cannot serve as the basis for any comparison with their conclusions.
[1] Whether W.X.C. should be able to seek other relief under either the federal civil rights statute, 42 U.S.C. § 1983, or our State's cognate civil rights provision, N.J.S.A. 10:6-1 to -2, is not a matter before us.
[2] Since W.X.C.'s sentencing, the Sex Offender Act has been amended several times. See L. 1994, c. 130, § 6; L. 1994, c. 134, § 2; L. 1998, c. 72, § 3. The Act now provides that if a psychological examination conducted by the Department of Corrections concludes that "the offender's conduct was characterized by a pattern of repetitive, compulsive behavior and that the offender is amenable to sex offender treatment and is willing to participate in such treatment," N.J.S.A. 2C:47-3(b) (emphasis added), and the court makes the same determination, then, "upon the recommendation of the [Department]," the court must order the defendant to serve his sentence at the ADTC, ibid. Therefore, a precondition for treatment at the ADTC is that the offender be "amenable to sex offender treatment" and "willing to participate in such treatment. . . ."
[3] Among other materials reviewed by Dr. Frank was a post-arrest statement of W.X.C. in which he admitted that (1) he had burglarized the homes of two of the victims before returning to rape them; (2) burglarizing homes made him masturbate a lot; (3) he frequently masturbated to a movie that depicted "dead actors"; (4) he was aroused because the victims were scared of him; and (5) he had a sexual problem and knew he needed help.
[4] A month after submission of Blodgett's report, Dr. Susan Uhrich, a psychiatrist, conducted an evaluation of W.X.C. and concluded that he did not meet the criteria for commitment under the SVPA.
[5] Analogous protections are found in our State Constitution. W.X.C. has a liberty interest under the substantive-due-process guarantee of Article I, Paragraph 1, see Lewis v. Harris, 188 N.J. 415, 434-35, 908 A.2d 196 (2006), as well as a right to be free from "cruel and unusual punishments" under Article I, Paragraph 12.
[6] A person engaged in a sex-offender specific treatment program progresses through phases or stages in which he must demonstrate increasing responsibility and positive behavioral changes. See John Kip Cornwell, John V. Jacobi & Philip H. Witt, The New Jersey Sexually Violent Predator Act: Analysis and Recommendations for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders in New Jersey, 24 Seton Hall Legis. J. 1, 17-18 (1999). These programs are typically conducted in group settings and require evaluation from medical professionals and other institutional staff. Id. at 17-19.
[7] The treatment offered at the ADTC consists of cognitive-behavioral treatment and relapse prevention intended to minimize future sexually harmful behavior. Sabrina R. Haugebrook & Kristen M. Zgoba, Prison Group Counseling, in Correctional Counseling & Treatment 149, 161 (Albert R. Roberts, ed., 2007). These therapies are associated with a reduction in sexual recidivism. Id. at 162. To the extent that these therapies have the potential for success, treatment is liberty protecting.
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https://github.com/jesus-rm/AprendeAInvertirBBVA/blob/master/public/assets/scss/_case-study.scss
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https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helionides%20brevis
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Helionides brevis
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https://war.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helionides brevis&action=history
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An Helionides brevis in uska species han Insecta nga syahan ginhulagway ni Irena Dworakowska hadton 1972. An Helionides brevis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Helionides, ngan familia nga Cicadellidae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.
Mga kasarigan
Helionides
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French-PD-Newspapers
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L'Echo d'Alger : journal républicain du matin
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C'est alors qu'après avoir déjeuné chez lui, et en se rendant à son travail, Calonne vit sur le pas de la porte du bar du Lion d'Or Ripoll, dit « Le tatoué » qui se mit à l'insulter. Se voyant menacé et se croyant en danger, Calonne sortit de sa poche le couteau qu'il y portaft habituellement; c'était un canif réclame d'une maison de champagne et frappa pour se défendre. Jean Calonne est arrivé encadré de deux gendarmes sur les lieux du crime où un service d'ordre dirigé par M. Mathieu, commissaire du 4e arrondissement, maintenait la foule des curieux, et où se trouvaient déjà MM. Zamouth, juge d'instruction assisté de son greffier M. Challel, ainsi que* M" Sansonnetti, défenseur de l'accusé et Teraneda, avocat de la partie civile. Cette formalité asesz longue, s'effectua sans incident. Le cambriolage de la biiouterie Lugagne Un premier complice est arrêté ,.,.,,.N.,..n. ,, .,,, ,,H,,,„,,,,.,, .,„..,,, t .,, ,. Idir Lakdar reconnaît d'autres rois Ainsi que nous l'annoncions hier, l'un des complices d'Idir Lakdar dans le second cambriolage de la bijouterie Lugagne a été arrêté et a rejoint son compagnon dans les geôles de la Sûreté générale. C'est un nommé Mekouane Mohamed ben Abdallah, dit « Boumaza », repris de justice, sans domicile fixe, qui a été appréhendé lundi, vers 13 heures, dans la haute ville. Interrogé, Mekouane a commencé tout d'abord par nier toute participation à l'affaire, puis a reconnu qu'il s'était contenté de faire le guet, mais mis en présence d'Idir, il n'a pas tardé à avouer qu'il avait pris sa part et à l'opération et à son produit. Lorsque le rideau dé fer eut été forcé et la vitrine brisée de la manière que nous avons indiquée, et pendant que les deux autres cambrioleurs se trouvaient dans le magasin, Mekouane se servit. Il s'empara d'un lot assez important de timbales et de couverts en métal argenté. Puis — à ce qu'il dit — voyant poindre le jour, et craignant d'être découvert, il s'empressa de prendre la fuite. Un receleur est également retrouvé et arrêté poursuivant ses aveux, Mekouane ajouta qu'aussitôt après son vol, il se rendit directement chez un nomme Djebar Abdelkader ben Mohammed, auquel il avait confié la garde des objets. Une perquisition effectuée au domicile de ce dernier, amena, en effet, la découverte du butin, et elle permit l'arrestation du recéleur. Mekouane Mohamed, dit « Boumaza » le second cambrioleur arrêté hier Ici encore, les inspecteurs de la 4e brigade de la police mobile ont eu la main heureuse. Djebar est en effet un des recéleurs les plus notoires da notre ville. Il est déjà titulaire de six condamnations, et a fini, il y a peu de temps, de purger une peine de cinq ans de prison pour le même délit. Il est d'ailleurs interdit de séjour. Une nouvelle arrestation La perquisition opérée dès après la découverte du vol par les inspecteursenquêteurs dans la chambre d'Idir et dont nous avions indiqué hier, les principaux résultats, permit également de découvrir une veste appartenant à l'un des deux coreligionnaires du cambrio leur, qui partageaient ce local avec lui. Or, les poches de cette veste contenaient un porte-monnaie, une montre et des bagues reconnues par M. Lugagne comme lui appartenant. La Sûreté rechercha aussitôt le propriétaire de ce vêtement, et ne tarda pas à l'appréhender. C'est un nommé Aderdache Ouamar, sans profession bien déterminée. Interrogé dans les bureaux de la Sûreté, Aderdache a affirmé ne rien connaître de l'affaire et ignorer par qui ces objets ont pu être placés à l'endroit où ils ont été trouvés. Idir Lakdar avoue un nouveau vol Poursuivant son interrogatoire, M. le commissaire Desideri, chef de la 4* brigade, a commencé à obtenir d'Idir Lak gade, d'intéressants aveux sur sa néfaste activité antérieurement au cambriolage qui lui est actuellement reproché. C'est ainsi qu'il a reconnu que, dans la nuit du 12 au 13 février courant, il s'était introduit — seul, cette fois — dans le magasin de Kadaden Mustapha, agent de fabrique, demeurant 12, rue Socgemah. Il a pénétré dans ce local en ouvrant, à l'aide de fausses clefs les deux cadenas qui en fermaient l'entrée, Il s'y est emparé d'un certain nombre de chronomètres, de bagues, de bracelets, et de cinq cents bourses de tabac à fumer. Les inspecteurs de la 4* brigade se sont aussitôt mis en campagne. Ils ont retrouvé deux des montres qui avaient été volées, découverte qui les mit sur la piste de deux receleurs qui furent arrêtés sur le champ. Ils se nomment Mamri Chabane, cafetier maure 60, rue de la Casbah et Arroua Saïd, également cafetier maure demeurant rue d'Ammon. Comme on le voit, l'activité des services de la 4" brigade ne s'est pas démentie un seul instant au cours de Ja journée d'hier. Elle va certainement se continuer aujourd'hui avec le même succès, ce qui pourrait mettre quelques nouvelles pièces de choix au tableau de chasse de la police mobile. La pleine capacité de la femme mariée M. Campinchi recommande aux officiers d'état civil la lecture du nouveau texte Paris, 22 février. — M. Campinchi, ministre de la Justice, vient d'adresser aux procureurs genéraux près des cours d'appel la circulaire suivante : <t L'« Officiel * du 19 février 1933 publie le texte de la loi qui modifie certains articles du Code civil et consacre le principe de la plaine capacité de la femme mariée, sans toutefois apporter de modifications aux règles actuelles en matière de régimes matrimoniaux. » Ces nouvelles dispositions doivent entrer en vigueur dès la promulgation de la loi. » En vertu de l'article 75 du Code civil. le& officiers de l'état-civil étant tenus de faire la lecture aux époux des articles 212, 213 et 214 du Code civil, il importe qu'il soit tenu compte à l'occasion de l'accomplissement de cette formalité de la nouvelle rédaction de ces deux derniers articles. » Je vous prie, en conséquence, de vouloir bien appeler sur ce point l'attention des officiers d'état-civil de votre ressort afin d'éviter que par omission ils ne continuent à lire les anciens textes au cours des cérémonies de mariage auxquelles ils seront appelés à procéder. » A T R A VER S ALGER MEFIEZ-VOUS DU FAUX PRETRE. — L'archevêché d'Alger communiquait dernièrement aux journaux une notp par laquelle il mettait les fidèles en garde contre certaine personne revêtue de l'habit ecclésiastique, se disant missionnaire, et qui, se présentant à domicile, faisait appel à leur charité. Le faux prêtre visé par cette note a été arrêté lundi après-midi, présenté au parquet et placé sous mandat de dépôt. Il a été présenté, hier matin, à l'audience des flagrants délits du tribunal correctionnel de notre ville qui a confirmé la décision du juge instructeur. Il sera jugé le mardi 1er mars. L'accusé a déclaré, au cours de son interrogatoire, qu'il se nommait Dimitri Zaccharias, qu'il était né à Beyrouth le 13 mars 1895 et était frère maronite. Il a ajouté qu'il avait voyage dans une grande partie du monde — il parle en effet couramment plusieurs langues — et que se trouvant en 1934 au Mexique, alors en pleine révolution, il avait dû s'enfuir en présence des persécutions religieuses. Il se munit pourtant, avant son embarquement pour son pays natal, de plusieurs déclarations écrites par des fidèles attestant sa profession et sa moralité. Il débarque à Ostende, traverse toute la France et visite la Tunisie et le Maroc, vivant d'aumônes, quêtant pour de bonnes œuvres et acceptant des sommes souvent assez importantes pour la célébration de messes. Après avoir parcouru les départements d'Oran et de Constàntine, il était récemment arrivé à Alger où il logeait dans un très modeste hôtel de la rue de Chartres. 1B5ECB331 Seul vernis à base de S~'33B~~B gomme de Copal, la .~J~t~~SNBB plus dure des résines PS' végétales. Rend les ongles nets et bril lants, comme des jB~F'~L~r~ pierres précieuses. ~S~*~~9t)~~ UN EUROPEEN EST DEPOUILLE DE 4.000 FRANCS EN PLEIN JOUR. — Un de nos honorables concitoyens, M. V. B., se rendait hier, vers 13 heures, au marché de la Lyre pour faire des emplettes quand, à proximité de cet endroit, il a été fortement bousculé par un groupe d'Arabes qui paraissaient se disputer. Ceux-ci disparus. M. V. B. a constaté, peu après, que son portefeuille renfermant 4.000 francs lui avait été enlevé de la poche de sa veste. La Sûreté, a été aussitôt informée. 14. F ik)IC :L atou PASSEZ MUSCADE. — Le docker Zidi Mohammed, domicilé 8, rue de la Girafe, a ete victime, vers 18 heures place de la Répuoiique, ci un habile fiiou qui lui a escamote ae la poche du gilet une montre en or avec sa chaîne même metai, valant 1.100 francs. La victime a fait part au voi aux services ae police. On peut acheter sans réfléchir On peut acheter sans réfléchir un ceitain nombre de choses ; petits objets iragues et peu couteux quun caprice réclame urusquemenl ou qui a auront qu un brei usage, fantaisies qui egaierunc une soirée ou accompagneront un voyage, mvontes qui ne sont rien dans la vitruie aes mugasjiis et qui deviennent charmants sur la lemine qui les porte. Mais il est a autres choses que l'on ne peut acneter sans reliexion : les meures par exemple. Le mobilier ne^t-ii pas le cacue meme ae la vie V. 10Ut le inonde sait quelle influence peul avoir ce cadre sur ies pensees ou ies sentiments..Dans tel appartement nous aevenons tristes, maussades, aesonentes, parce que nous ny trouvons ni confort ni agrement. Dans tel autre, au contraire, nous nous sentons heureux, nous travaillons avec bonheur, nous savourons les joies du chez soi, palce que tout concourt a nous charmer. Ne renouvelez votre intérieur qu'àpies miue rtuiexion. Wue utmanuezvous aux meubles aune vous xeies CHOIX 't Dcwe iiariiAnneux, haïais sano excès, saauisancs ma"s capaoïes ae plane longtemps, vous leur ciemanuez aussi la sondite : vous ne vouiez pas qu'us se mettent a jouer rapidement, qu us ne se Iennent ulental plus qu'a moitié, qu ils se dviiormenc, enfin vous voulez en avoir pour votre argent tant au point ae vue au uni que ae la uurce. Ne conc-iue^ OvÜC pas vos réflexions avant a avoir visite les nouveaux magasins aes GA.L.L:.,d,Ib mu:*xicjà, m, rue Micnelet a Alger. Vous xeieij ensuite les comparaisons nécessaires tant pour le bon goui que pour la qualité. è-t vous n ouùuerez pas non plus de considérer que limpoicance aes LrALbEilhiS BAR.dS seule grande lirme de la Métropole installée en Afrique du Nord. leur permet a accoider des conaitions ue vente tout a lait avanlageuses, que cnaque meuble est accompagne a un ceruncat de garantie, que la livraison vous est faite par camions capitonnes, tanais qu'un personnel spécialisé s'occupe de l'installation. Nachetez pas de meubles sans réfléchir. Ne réfléchissez pas sans avoir vu LE3 GALERIES l:iAh.d¿S et demandez sans tarder leur Uornier catalogue qui vous sera envoyé gratuitement en vous recommandant de cet article. Catalogue 859. A. ROUX. LES FAUX AMIS. — L'indigène Adidi Boualem, 28 ans, domicilié rue Darwin, a été arrêté, hier après-midi pour voi de vêtements divers au préjudice d'un de ses coreligionnaires avec lequel il cohabitait. Il sera présenté au Parquet. à" Mieux vaut le sol .que les sous ! Une signature. et vous voici propriétaire 111 r==~ M) ^7"! d'un beau terrain sur un lotissement SEINA «g§L jflçgr II BSl JÊÊL (capital inattaquable). Après quoi, vous fiSy IBwwl I] Ij |l avez quinze ans devant vous pour le payer. il, itug CHARRAS ALOIR Même facilité pour bâtir votre maison. ~e ~!< .<' !~!S~ LA HERNIE n est plus une infirmité depuis la découverte a un nouveau procédé de contention qui ne comporte NI RESSORT NI PELOTES Le NEO BARRERE, dernière création de: Ets du Dr L. BARRERE de Paris, réalise ce progrès considérable. Grâce à lui les hernies les plus fortes sont intégralement contenues sans risque d'étranglement ou d'élargissement de l'anneau. Le principal spécialiste des Ets du Di L. BARRERE de Paris sera de passage à : ALGER, à la Pharmacie du SOLEIL, 53, rue d'Isly, les : LUNDI 28 février, MARDI 1" mars et MERCREDI 2 mars. CONSTANTINE, à la Grande Pharmacie commerciale, rue Caraman, le JEUDI 3 mars. BONE, à la pharmacie DEPONO, 5, cours Bertagna, le SAMEDI 5 mars. TUNIS, à la pharmacie BLOCH, 24, av. de France, les LUNDI, MARDI, MERCREDI, 7, 8 et 9 mars. Il fera gratuitement et sans engagement, à tous les intéressés, la démonstration et l'essai de cette nouvelle méthode qui a littéralement révolutionné l'art herniaire moderne. ACCIDENT DE LA CIRCULATION. — Hier matin, vers 7 heures, l'indigène Djaffar ben Lounès, trente ans, demeurant rue de la Girafe, a été accroché et projeté sur le sol boulevard Laferrière par une moto sur laquelle se trouvait son propriétaire, M. Oualid. employé de commerce. La victime, contusionnée sur diverses parties du corps et qui se plaignait de douleurs internes, a été hospitalisée d'urgence. La grippe -des -jeunes enfants Vous voyez souvent que votre enfant n'est pas « dans son assiette », il est pâlot, tousse légèrement. Vous dites : « c'est la grippe ». Mais avez-vous pensé aux vers ? Les vers aussi provoquent chez les enfants une toux ner veuse. Donnez-lui donc une cure de Vermifuge Lune. il le prendra sans s'en apercevoir et vous serez peut-être tout étonnée de voir les vers qu'il expulsera. car huit enfants sur dix ont des vers. Le Vermifuge Lune tue tous les vers même les microscopiques. 6 fr. toutes pharmacies. POUR SE BIEN VETIR. des inconnus ont brisé, l'avant-dernière nuit, une vitrine extérieure du magasin « Au Palais de la lingerie », rue Bab-elOued. et ont enlevé des vêtements d'homme pour une valeur de 500 francs. Cala du R.U.A. Venez bien dîner, danser, passer une nuit de gaieté dans la future cité du R.U.A., le vendredi 4 mars. Retenez vos tables chez Aletti. LA CAMBRIOLE. — L'avant-derniere nuit, des malfaiteurs, après avoir brisé deux cadenas de la porte d'entreé .ont pénétré dans le magasin de denrées coloniales de M. Nakache, rue Henri-Martin et ont fait main basse sur une somme de 2.000 francs qui se trouvait dans un tiroir-caisse dont la serrure a été fracturée. ACROBATIE COMMERCIALE. Hausses, taxes, impôts, imprévus, congés payés. 40 heures et tout et tout n'empêchent pas les 100.GOO Chaussures de vendre toujours meilleur marché. IL MENAÇAIT LES PASSANTS. avec un revolver chargé de plusieurs cartouches, hier soir, à 18 heures dans la haute ville et c'est pourquoi le journalier Ayad Ali ben Salah, 27 ans, a été appréhendé par des gardiens de la paix et conduit à la geôle. ;,) 'dperitif ,aÙ 'qo;udrOride N9rvqt; 1" :':"t 9:AN OIS"',. :r::(': e'-:.; :" r..!. (:':;! co,mbàt-,rhûmesëtq~ippe~ UN INDESIRABLE. — Djibar ben Hamoud, 23 ans, a été appréhendé la nuit dernière, rue Duc-des-Cars, par des gardiens de la paix en tournée de surveillance. Il était porteur d'un long « boussâdi » qu'il dissimulait sous son burnous. Autour d'Alger EL-BIAR BALS MASQUES. — Comme chaque année, l'Harmonie organise deux grands bals travestis et masqués les dimanche 27 février et mardi 1er mars en soirée. Dire qu'il y aura foule serait superflu, car nos concitoyens connaissent le succès habituel de ces fêtes carnavalesques. Au cours du bal de dimanche U sem attribué des prix en espèces et en nature aux plus beaux travestis (groupes et Isolés). Au cours du bal de mardi, concours d'originalité. Jeunesse el-biaroise, faites preuve de bon goût, vous en serez récompensé. « LE PETIT POUCET ». — Devant le succès sans précédent obtenu dimanche dernier par le concert organisé par l'Harmonie et de nombreux enfants n'ayant pu y assister faute de place, le conseil d'administration de la société a décidé de donner une seconde représentation du « Petit Poucet », réservée aux enfants des écoles samedi 28 courant à 16 h. 30. Applaudissons sans réserve à cette initiative qui confirme les sentiments de notre vieille Harmonie envers la jeunesse. BOUZARÉA BOULOMANES-CLUB MONTPLAISANT — Jeudi 24 réunion du bureau à 19 heures au siège social. LE RUISSEAU BALS MASQUES. — Samedi 26 février à 21 heures, et mardi-gras 1" mars même heure, auront lieu deux grands bals parés et masqués avec concours de travestis dotés de jolis prix. Seuls les travestis participant aux deux bals auront droit aux prix. Bataille de confetti et serpentins. Nombreuses surprises. Le jazz Ponsada-Richardi assurera le succès de ces deux brillantes soirées. C.S.R. — Ce soir réunion au Michel Salon. Questions très importante concernant la coupe Mazoyer ; les nouveaux Joueurs sont priés de porter deux photos. Signature des licences. LA REDOUTE CINEMA. — Ce soir et demain jeudi en matinée et soirée « Mickey pompier », dessins animés ; Al Jolson et Ruby Keller dans « Entrez dans la danse » ; Bette Davis et George Brent dans « Agent spécial », film mouvementé. POINTE-PESCADE OLYMPIQUE POINTE-PESCADE. — Dimanche 27 match officiel de championnat contre l'ALBO sur le stade Lebon. Les joueurs de première sont avisés qu'il n'y a qu'un seul match, la réserve de l'ALBO étant forfait général. Rendez-vous des joueurs à 7 h. 30, sur le stade Lebon. Sont spécialement, convoqués : Bachamar, Kodja, Sonigo, Kalafat. Coup d'envoi à 8 heures exactement. HUSSEIN-DEY DON. — A l'Issue du mariage de M. Canetti Vincent, jardinier à Kouba, avec Mlle Cannella Maria, le marié a versé au bureau de bienfaisance la somme de 20 francs. COMITE DE DEFENSE DES USAGERS DES C.F.R.A. D'HUSSEIN-DEY. — Réunion ce soir du conseil d'administration. Comp te rendu de l'entretien de la direction des CFRA avec les délégués du comité de défense. PORT D'ARME PROHIBEE. — Les gendarmes de notre brigade, en tournée dans le quartier du village nègre, ont rencontré un indigène qui à leur vue parut surpris et cherchait à dissimuler quelque chose. Interpellé, cet indigène à déclaré se nommer Khelfaoui Hamou ben Saïd, ftgé de 40 ans, journalier, originaire de la commune mixte du Djurdjura. Après une fouille minutieuse il fut trouvé porteur d'un long boussaàdi. L'arme a été saisie et le délinquant poursuivi pour port d'arme prohibée. CLUB DES BOULOMANES. — Dimanche 27 courant, championnat tète à tête 1938. Prix 150 francs plus les mises. Les inscriptions seront reçues au siège social, café Scotto à la Saint-Jean jusqu'à 7 h. 30 très précises. Jet du but à 7 h. 45. Aucun retardataire ne sera inscrit. LIGUE DES FAMILLES NOMBREUSES. La permanence du jeudi 24 courant sera assurée de 18 à 19 heures par le camarade Firmin Rivet. MAISON-CARRÉE OUTRAGES A AGENT DE POLICE. — M* manche 20 février, à 20 heures 15, un tirailleur du S8 régiment, en état d'ivresse, causait du scandale dans une maison de tolérance. Le sergent-chef de patrouille en informait le gardien de la paix Chabasslèra lequel intervenait aussitôt, ce qui rendit le tirailleur furieux. Il se rebiffait et outrageait le gardien de la paix ; néanmoins ce militaire, nommé Achour Ahmed ben. Miloud. 23 ans. 2* classe à la compagnie F. et T., était conduit au commissariat de police et déposé à la geiHe. Une enquête est ouverte. UN VOLEUR DE NUMERAIRE EST ARRETE. — Samedi 19 février à 13 h. 45, la gardien de la paix Léandri, de service rue A. Briand. procédait à l'arrestation de l'indigène Bouzeghia. Aïssa ben Ali, 32 ans, journalier, originaire de Chàteaudun du Rhumel, sans domicile fixe, qui était recherché pour un vol de 250 francs comm s à Alger .Ce vol avait été commis une semaine avant au préjudice du njmmé Sahri Mohamed ben Lakdar, journalier, rue d'Orléans. Bouzeghia a été mis à la disposition de M. le Commissaire de police du 1er arrondissement d'Alger déjà saisi de la plainte. SPypNDID CINEMA BELFORT. — Jeudi 24 février, samedi 26. dimanche 27 soirée, matinée jeudi et dimanche ; « Une certaine fille » par Loretta Young et Robert Taylor ; « Charlie Cha-t à l'Opéra » ; actualités parlantes Fox Moviétone. La semaine prochaine « Abus de confiance ». LEGION D'HONNEUR — C'est avec le plus vif plaisir que nous avons appris que M. Rossi. lieutenpnt au 8 RTA à Maison-Carrée depuis plusieurs années est Inscrit pour le grade de chevalier de 1a Légion d'honneur. Nos plus vives félicitations au lieutenant Rcssi. à Mme et à leurs enfants. ASSOCIATION DE FOUCAULD. — Le 27 février, & 14 heures précises, dans la salle des fêtes de l'A. de F., le groupe artistique donnera sa deuxième représentation de l'année. Au programme : « Culture physique *, sketch d'Henri Parémont ; « Le bonheur », comédie en un acte de Pierre Veber ; « M. Lambert, marchand de tableaux », comédie de Marc Maurrey. trois pièces d'une fine psychologie qui feront éclater de rire. L'orchestre de l'Association, sous la direction de M. Eck, interprétera « Au pays lorrain » de Ballay. « L'Arlésienne.. de Bizet, prélude, intermezzo, menuet, farandole (flûte solo M. Retty) et « Fantaisie de Faust ». Pour la location des places, s'adresser à partir de mercredi à la papeterie Gillo. EDE; CINEMA — Jeudi, vendredi, samedi. dimanche, matinée à 15 heures, soirée à 21 heures : « Le dernier combat » avec Edward Robinson, Bette Davis, Humphrey Bogart et « Train de plaisir » avec Duvallés, Marguerite Moréno, Raymond Cordy ; actualités. ELDORADO CINEMA. — Mercredi, jeudi, samedi, dimanche matinée à 15 heures, soirée à 21 heures : Danielle Darrieux dans « Mademoiselle ma mère » avec Pierre Brasseur, Alerme. Larquey ; actualités et « Ea prise directe » avec Louise Fazenda. ARRESTATION POUR ABUS DE CONFIANCE, — Dimanche 20 février, vers 20 heures, au cours d'une fête arabe organisée par le nommé Chaoui Mohamed ben Ail, retraité militaire, demeurant au quartier P.L.M., ce dernier remettait sept billets de 100 francs au nommé Rabehl Miloud pour les distribuer aux musiciens afin d'inviter les assistants à donner également leur obole. A la fin de la fête, les musiciens restituèrent les 700' francs à Rabehi, lequel quittait furtivement la fête. se rendait à la gare d'Alger avec son épouse et prenait trois billets à destination d'Oran. Ne voyant pas reparaître Rabehi, Chaoui se mettait à sa recherche et le faisait arrêter par les services de la police d'Etat d'Alger, en gare d'Alger, peu avant le départ du train. Rabehi Miloud ben Mohamed, né en 1913 à Oued-Fodda, garçon de café, depuis quelques Jours à Maison-Carrée, a été ramené à Maison-Carrée pour les besoins de l'enquête et a avoué son méfait. Il a été écroué. UN INDIGENE MORD UN CORELIGIONNAIRE. — Dimanche 20 février, vers 41 heures, une discussion survenait entre les indigènes Toumi Rabah ben Messaoud. vingt-quatre ans, originaire de Bordj-bouArréridJ. courtier, demeurant parc Bornati, Maison-Carrée, et Beroul Ali ben Amar, vingt-neuf ans, journalier, rue des Colons, à Alger. Au cours de cette discussion, Toumi a mordu violemment Beroul au pouce gauche. Beroul s'est fait visiter par un docteur qui lui a remis un certificat d'incapacité de travail de douze à quinze jours. Les élections indigènes aux Délégations financières Réponse de Si Salah, délégué financier et conseiller général de la 3* circonscription à ses détracteurs , Si Salah, conseiller gépéral, et récemment élu délégué financier de la 3* circonscription, très âprement discuté par un de nos confrères, nous demande l'insertion de la lettre suivaiite : Je ne voudrais pas faire grief à mon détracteur de la « Dépêche algérienne », spécialiste émérlte des questions indigènes, d'user et d'abuser comme bon lui semble de sa plume, ue la mettre au service de toutes les causes ue son choix, de n'importe qui, de n'importe quoi, pourvu qu'il y trouve son plaisir. De même, ne lui aurais-je tait nul grief de soutenir la candidature de mon concurrent. M. Benhabylès Cherif, le sachant, toute question d'idéal politique mise a part, très lié à lui et plus encore aux Biens, et sachant aussi que le faibie cœiir EL souvent de ces raisons que la raison ignore. Je n'en aurais conçu nul dépit •i mon détracteur avait, un seul instant, consulté son cœur de Français et s'il avait observé à mon egard et mis en œuvre un Oiinimum de ces qualités inhérentes à la race française que nous aimons bien avant qu'il nous l'apprenne et peut-étie qu'il ne naisse, à laquelle nous sommes attaches et prêts à nous sacrifier, malgré lui, sans lui, au besoin contre lui, ces qualités dis-je 'lUi sont la uéllcatesse. la loyauté, la franchise françaises ! Ainsi, ose-t-il écrire (voir « Dépêche algérienne du 18 février 1938, n° 18917) : « .En voici la preuve : l'élection indigène de Palestro, qui montre exactement avec quelles troupes, quels complices, et pour quelles raisons on compose les forces de destruction de l'Algérie française. » Ce n'est pas notre objet de détailler les vilaines manœuvres, les trucs, les ficelles. la pression, les menaces, tout le dégoûtant appareil électoral qu'on a monté contre le porte-drapeau de la cause française : Cherif Benhabylés. » Ce qui nous importe, parce que c'est à cause de cela que le danger est grand Pour l'Algérie française, c'est que des Français sont les auteurs et les coupables de ces faits. Des radicaux français, des maires français. ont choisi de soutenir par tous les moyens, de le faire au besoin Passer contre tout droit, le candidat de l'islamisme à la manière antifrançaise de M. Benbadis. » Ainsi pour l'auteur des lignes qui prédent, le vétéran du conseil municipal de Boghni, le conseiller général et le délégUé financier ayant plusiturs années de andat des communes de Maillot, Bouïra, Palestro, Tizi-Reniff, Dra-el-Mtzan, que tous les électeurs indigènes, tous les Français de la région de toutes classes, toutes races, toutes religions et de tous les Partis politiques connaissent bien et dont S ont mûrement apprécié la loyauté et les sentiments de français-musulman est « le candidat de l'islamisme à la manière , ahtifrançaise de M. Benbadis » 1 Les habitants de cette région comme le public en entier ont accueilli avec plus Cie réprobation que moi-même ces insinuations malveillantes, ces manœuvres de la dernière heure contraires à l'esprit francs, à la délicatesse « vraiment francise e. 1 Sans doute, suis-Je musulman-français de et oble lignée et de vieille souche et non Oe fraîche importation. Mais mon influence dans la région, toujours planant au-dessus des partis et des ,..ofs, a été de tout temps mise au ser"tee des intérêts de ma région, de l'émane patlon matérielle et morale de mes coJeUgionnaires, dans la concorde et l'union ranco-musulmanes, dans le respect de la souveraineté française et ses institutions, galls l'équilibre algérien et l'unité fran çaise. Enfant du pays, élu du pays dont le Passé comme le présent et l'avenir sont îJL seront empreints de la plus grande tOYaut., si des Français et des Français qUi n'ont à recevoir de personne des leÇOris de patriotisme et de civisme, se sont Joints aux autres éléments sains de cette région pour soutenir ma candidature, c'est qu'ils voulaient maintenir dans le pays "la concorde et l'union, la paix nécessaire a l'épanouissement de l'œuvre française ell Algérie et plus encore cette chose précieuse entre toutes : ce potentiel français fait de tout un siècle de vie commune. de joies, de souffrances commufes, trempé dans la lutte quotidienne pour la vie et la fraternité des efforts. Ce qui a surpris tout le monde, ce qu'il a de choquant et de profondément regrettable, c'est que la « Dépêche algérienne », journal se disant ami de l'orbe, de la modération et de la prudence fle bon aloi, ait consenti k insérer sans aucun contrôle des articles aussi malveillants qu'infondés contre un élu dont elle ne peut ignorer la loyauté et la Probité connues pour épauler le seul candidat qu'elle aurait dû logiquement et décemment combattre. En effet, après avoir crié sur tous le3 toits qu'il était nanti de l'investiture du Parti radical-socialiste, investiture qu'il disait avoir obtenue au congrès de Lille, après s'être recommandé du parti S.F.I.O., Puis avoir fait venir à Bouïra un représentant de la Fédération des élus musulmans, il a, sur le vu des articles de la « Dépêche algérienne », affirmé partout ses sentiments P.S.F. Malgré toutes ces manœuvres, dont je laisse au public le soin d'apprécier l'élégance, malgré l'abus qui a été fait dans Un but d'intimidation d'une profession toute de sereine justice et d'équité, malgré l'argent déversé à flot. le peuple s'est libremént prononcé pour le candidat de la Probité et de l'honnêteté qui saura remplir son mandat dans l'intérêt de ses coreligionnaires, pour la République, la France et l'Algérie ! Si Salah, Délégué financier et conseiller général de la 3* circonscription. Les démarches de nos parlementaires Le régime des pensions des cheminots des réseaux secondaires M. J.-M. Guastavino, député de la 4" circonscription, à la suite de ses interventions, a reçu de M. le Ministre de l'Intérieur la réponse suivante : « Monsieur le Député et cher collègue, « Vous avez bien voulu appeler mon attention sur le régime des pensions des cheminots des réseaux secondaires d'Algérie fixé par la loi du 22 juillet 1922. Ces retraités réclament leur assimilation aux retraités des grands réseaux. » J'ai l'honneur de vous faire connaître que les retraités des Chemins de fer sur routes d'Algérie sont tributaires de la Caisse autonome mutuelle de retraites des agents des voies ferrées d'intérêt local dont le siège est à Paris, 25 et 27, rue d'Astorg. Cette caisse est -régie par les dispositions de la loi du 22 juillet 1922 et textes subséquents. » Il ne peut appartenir ni à la société concessionnaire ni à l'administration algérienne d'apporter un changement au régime ci-dessus. Seul le pouvoir législatif, sur l'initiative parlementaire ou sur l'initiative du pouvoir exécutif, est en mesure d'en édicter l'amélioration. L'administration compétente Pour présenter un projet de réforme serait le Ministère des travaux publias. J'ai décidé d'appeler de manière pressante l'attention de M. le Ministre des Travaux publics sur le vœu émis par le Conseil général d'Alger que vous m'aviez transmis. » Je ne manquerai pas de vous tenir Informé de la suite réservée à cette affaire. » Veuillez aeréer, Monsieur le Député et cher collègue, etc. » Le sous-secrétaire d'Etat au Ministère de l'intérieur Signé j Raoul Aubaud. DAN S L ES DÉ P A RTE M E N T V S ! (DE NOS CORRESPONDANTS PARTICULIERS) , ALGER ABBO BIENVENUE. — Nous souhaitons une cordiale bienvenue à Mlle Martinez, intérimaire, qui remplace pour ua mi>is. M. Hagard. receveur des P.T.T., parti en congé au Maroc, où nous lui souhaitons un neureux séjour. AZAZGA EAUX ET FORETS, — L' « Officiel » de ces jours derniers nous annonce que M. Saiez, chef de notre cantonnement, vient d'être élevé au grade d'inspecteur adjoint. Nos félicitations. AVANCEMENT. — Nos félicitations également a M. Chérifi, le sympathique greffier de la justice de paix d'Azazga, qui vient d'être promu à la deuxième classe personnelle. BABA-HASSEN MEDAILLE D'HONNEUR COMMUNALE C'est avec plaisir que nous avons appris Que notre ami Adolphe Lacourrége, secrétaire de mairie à Baba-Hassen. vient d'obtenir la médaille d'honneur communale pour ses 50 ans de bons et loyaux services rendus aux communes de Birtouta et Baba-Hassen. Nous lui adressons nos cordiales félicitations. BÉRARD DECES. — Samedi ont eu lieu les obsèques de M. Baptiste Martinez fils. Aux familles atteintes par ce deuik nous présentons nos bien sincères condoléances. DUO-CINE (salle des fêtes). — Jeudi 24 février, matinée à 14 heures ; soirée, à 21 heures : Tino Rossi dans : « Au son des guitares » ; Silvia Sidney, dans « Mary la fugitive » ; dessins animés ; actualités. BERROUAGHIA MARIAGE. — Samedi dernier a été célébré le mariage de Mlle P. Mariant, fille de Mme et M. Mariant, surveillant de la Maison centrale, avec M. Ottavi, sous-officier, fils de Mme et M. Ottavi, propriétaires à Berrouaghia. Complimenta aux jeunes époux et à leurs familles. FETES. — La jeunesse de Berrouaghia invite la population tout entière à la matinée de bienfaisance qui aura lieu à la salle des fêtes le 27 février à 14 h. 30. Les offrandes des personnes qui seraient empêchées d'y assister seront reçues avec reconnaissance par M. Cattala ou Mlle Robert à Berrouaghia. Le soir à 21 heures, grand bal de la société de musique BLIDA EMPIRE. — Cette semaine : « Le traîneau tragique » avec Roddu Hadson; « La baie du destin » avec Annabella. OLYMPIA. — Jean Gabin et Annabella dans « La Bandera » et « Le cantinier de la coloniale », avec Bach. VARIETES. — « La mort du cygne », grand prix du film français de l'Exposition. MODERNE. — « L'assaut », avec Charles Vanel, Alice Field, Alerme ; « Sa dernière carte », avec Ricardo Cortès, Akim, Tamirof. THEATRE MUNICIPAL. — Samedi 26 février. en soirée, et dimanche 27, en matinée, à 15 heures, et en soirée, spectacle du célèbre fakir hindou Ynaleb. Location ouverte au théâtre. BOUFARIK MOTO CONTRE CAMION. — Vendredi, vers 10 h. 30, le garde champêtre Louvel, de Chebli. se dirigeait en moto vers la propriété de M. Picimbono, sur le chemin d'intérêt commun n" 14. Au moment où 11 croisait un char à banc, 11 fut accroché et projeté dans le fossé par un camion automobile conduit par le nommé Amiech Ali, au service de M. Jacques François, entrepreneur de transports à Baba-Hassen. Relevé avec plusieurs blessures, le garde fut transporté à-son domicile par les soins de M. Piclmbono. VOL D'ORAGES. — Le jeudi 17, dans la matinée, le garciien de l'orangerie ae M. Schneider, appréhendait les nommés Amdani Saraoui ben Abdelkacier, Aaou Ramani ben Ahmed et Larbi Mohamed ben Saïd au moment où ces derniers remplissaient des sacs d'oranges. La gendarmerie a ouvert une enquête, TROUVE. — La jeune Catharina Damienne a trouvé sur la place de la mairie, une paire de gants qui a été remise à la mairie. Nous félicitons cette enfant. VOL DE NUMERAIRE. — M. Ben Saïd Moussa ben Saïd, s'apercevait en arrivant par l'autobus, que sa valise contenant 1500 francs en billets de banque avait disparu. Il en avisa aussitôt ito services ue police qui furent assez heureux pour arrêter le voleur : Kerrouch Amar, dit Palestro, qui reconnut les faits. Une enquête est ouverte. EMPIRE CINEMA.— Cette semaine : Actualités ; « Le virage de la mort », et Véra Korène, Pierre Ricaard-Wllm, dans « L'argent » d'après le roman d'Emile Zola. ,;ULJSt.J<. lUNLMA. — AUbuaines ; « Je ne suis pas un lâche », et « Le roi », avec Gaby Morlay et André Lefaur. BAL. — Le bal des anciennes et anciens élèves aporoche : il a lieu samedi prochain Pour cette belle soirée, dans la salie du théâtre transformée en bal champêtre, le Tourbillon-Jazz fera danser jusqu'au matin tous les nombreux jeunes gens. Un cotillon et une joyeuse farandoie clôtureront ce bal. A la buvette, le fin traiteur Olcina. Nous rappelons le prix des chaises : 8 6 et 4 francs. Des cartes d'invitation Préservées aux habitants des communes voisines pourront être retirées chez les deux trésoriers. RECOMPENSES AUX SAPEURS-POMPIERS. — Par décret présidentiel du 1^ janvier, la médaille d'honneur avec rosette a été décernée aux sapeurs-pompiers qui se sont particulièrement fait remarquer par leur belle conduite et par leur dévouement : lieutenant Joseph Roche ; caporal Louis Gilabert ; sapeurs Gabriel Fiel et Michel Sanchis. Sincères félicitations à tous ces braves. APPEL DU « PROGRES ». Le président de la société philharmonique « Le Frogrés » fait un pressant appel auprès de tous les anciens musiciens ou autres personnes possédant des instruments de musique dont ils n'ont plus l'emploi en les priant de les offrir à la société « Le Progrés » à seule fin de l'aider à pouvoir remettre à de nouveaux jeunes élèves laborieux et intelligents susceptibles de pouvoir entrer dans les rangs parmi 1er anciens et dont les parents ne peuvent faire l'acquisition des dits Instruments. Au nom du conseil d'administration ainsi que de tous les parents de nos jeunes musiciens, le président adresse d'avance 4es sincères remerciements aux futurs généreux donateurs dont les noms seront publiés. Ont déjà répondu à l'appel et ont offert : M. Joseph Bau, épicier, un hautbois ; André Denier fils, une clarinette ; Camille Gasc, conseiller municipal, un hautbois ; Louis Rice, un baryton. A ces généreux donateurs, merci. BOGHARI SOCIETE COMEDIA. — Il nous est agréable d'apprendre à toute la population de Boghari et des environs la nouvelle constitution d'une société d'artistes amateurs dirigée par notre ami M. Paul Henne. Nous félicitons chaleureusement le dévouement désintéressé de ces artistes bénévoles et leur dévoué professeur et directeur. C'est dimanche prochain 27 février qu'aura lieu la première représentation de gala avec « Le nouveau pauvre », comédie en trois actes et quatre tableaux de M. Manquât. Orchestre sous la direction de M. Abou. BAL PARE ET MASQUE. — Un grand bal paré et masqué aura lieu, dans la nuit du lundi au Mardi gras 1" mars, avec un orchestre réputé. La date de ce bal a été avancée à l'occasion du départ du détachement du lor régiment étranger du camp Morand. Le travestissement de cette soirée dansante sera facultatif. Café, bar,' restaurant de nuit Concours de danses. Cotillons et une grande surprise à la fin. Retenir les tables auprès de M. Pons, salle des fêtes. DEPARTS. — Nous apprenons avec regret le départ de notre distingué commissaire de police M. Jean Gonon. Nous sommes heureux toutefois de le féliciter pour son avancement au poste de Souk Ahras. Nous souhaitons à Mme et MGonon Prise d'armes au I Ie R.T.A. à SétÍf Une prise d'armes a eu lieu au 11" R.T.A. à Sétif où les jeunes recrues ont reçu la fourragère du régiment après que le drapeau leur fut présenté avec le cérémonial habituel (Pliolo do Cliamboaux — SiHif). et son jeune fils un heureux séjour dans leur nouvelle résidence. — Nous apprenons aussi avec regret le départ de M. Pierre Cholet, vétérinaire dans notre ville depuis quelques années. Il est appelé au poste important de Guelma. Nous faisons des vœux d'heureux séjour dans sa nouvelle résidence. CASTIGLIONE GRAND BAL DU MARDI GRAS. La Castiglionaise musicale organise, pour le Mardi gras, un grand bal paré et masqué. La salle des fêtes recevra pour la circonstance une décoration toute particulière et le maestro Caratero nous promet un répertoire de nouvelles danses des plus entraînantes. Le conseil d'administration offrira aux travestis de nombreux et intéressants prix en espèces. Le bal commencera à 21 heures précises pour se terminer à la pointe du jour. CHARON BOULOMANES. — Les Boulomanes de Charon organisent, le dimanche 6 mars, dans le hall de l'hôtel de ville, un grand bal paré et masqué avec le concourt) d'un jazz réputé. De nombreuses attractions sont prévues par le comité organisateur et des primes seront distribuées aux plus jolis costumeA. La jeunesse de la région ainsi que les amis des boules sont cordialement invités. CHASSERIAU L'AID-EL-KEBIR A L'ECOLE. — Dimanche dernier, un excellent méchoui a été dégusté par les élèves nécessiteux du douar, à l'école indigène des Heumis. Nous félicitons pour cette fête M. Durand, instituteur, dont le dévouement pour ses petits élèves est apprécié et M. Sid Ali Bouthiba, fils de feu Bouthiba Mohamed, ancien caïd des Heumis qui a offert pour la circonstance un superbe mouton à l'école. MERITE AGRICOLE. — Nous sommes heureux d'apprendre que notre spathique ami, M. Charles Peigat vient d'être piomu chevalier du Mérite agricole. Nous lui présentona nos sincères félicitations. , CHÉRAGAS CINEMA CAPOMASI. — Jeudi 24 février, soirée à 20 h. 30 ; dimanche 27 février, matinée à 14 h. 30 ; actualités ; dessins animés en couleurs ; « Prends la route », avec Pllls et Tabet ; « Mystère Imberger :t, drame. CHERCHELL CHEZ LES CAIDS. — Lors de l'assemblée générale des caïds du département d'Alger, notre ami le caïd Laradji Diouani, du douar Sidi Slimane. commune mixte de Cherchell. a été nommé secrétaire adjoint de cette amicale. Nos bien vives félicitations DAMES DE LA CROIX ROUGE ET DAMES DE CHARITE. — L'assemblée générale pour res deux associations aura lieu le vendredi 25 février courant h 14 heures dans la salle de la mairie, Prière d'y assister. CONSEIL DE REVISION. — Les opérations du conseil de révision ont eu lieu le lundi 21 courant à 10 heures, à .a mairie de Cherchell, sous la présidence de M. RancièresGranes, secrétaire général de la préfecture, p-ss sté de MM. Dachaux et Rogier. conseillers généraux. Sur 37 conscrits pour le canton de Cherchell, 32 ont été reconnus bons pour le service armé, 4 ajournés et déformé. A midi, un déjeuner a été offert aux membres de la commission par M. Baietaud, maire, délégué financier, conseiller général. dans les salons de l'hôtel Cessée. Les conscrits, après les formant-«j, ont été déposer une gerbe au monument ,.,lX morts. LIGUE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT. — le préaident-de la Ligue de l'enseignement a reçu du directeur du collège de Southampcon. la dépêche suivante : « Délégation partira mercredi 23 et sera à Cherchell dimanche soir vers 21 heures 30 pour le bd.l Good morning at soon ». UN I" Js!r UN loi V) ? PREMIER! ~M~ ETS PREMIER Fils, Fondés en 1829 MONOPOLE AFRIQUE DU NORD MARCE ALGER COLÉA Lundi a eu lieu, dans la plus stricte intimité, le mariage de Mlle Céline Rizzo et de M. Georges Deniau, s.-officier au 9" R.T.A. Nos meilleurs vœux. ECOLE DE FILLES INDIGENES. — Il y a quelques jours, une réception avait lieu à l'école de filles indigènes, à l'occasion de la visite de M. le grand muphti d'Alger. Reçu par le docteur Lacoste, maire de Coléa. il était accompagné de M. Ali ben Allel Mebarek, conseiller général et délégué financier, de M. le cadi hanéfite. des professeurs de la Médersa d'Alger et de plusieurs notables. Les personnalités présentes se sont vivement intéressées à l'installation moderne de l'école, où les fillettes sont préparées à leur rôle futur de mères de famille éclairées. Prenant tour à tour la parole en français et en arabe, M. le grand muhpti et M. l'iman de Coléa, ont exalté l'œuvre de la France dans ce pays. Ils ont approuvé l'instruction de la femme indigène, à laquelle ont ils dit, rien ne s'oppose ni dans l'esprit ni dans la lettre du coran. M. le maire de Coléa et la directrice de l'école ont vivement remercié les éminents représentants du monde musulman pour t'intérêt qu'ils ont bien voulu manifester à l'école, soulignant que l'atmosphère cordiale dans laquelle s'est déroulée cette petite manifestation est le témoignage de la bonne harmonie qui ne cesse de régner entre les populations françaises et indigènes. INAUGURATION DES CANTINES SCOLAIRES. — Jeudi dernier, l'œuvre des cantines gratuites, qui fonctionnent quotidiennement depuis plus de deux mois, a reçu une consécration officielle. En effet, .M Ranclêres-Granès, secrétaire général de la préfecture, de passage à Coléa, à l'occasion du conseil de révision, a présidé à leur inauguration. Entouré de MM. Lombardi, délégué financier ; Dachot, Rogier et Mebarek Ail, conseillers généraux ; Ramage, maire de Fouka. ; Municr, maire de Téfeschoun du colonel Voillog et Johner Carli, adjoint au maire de Castiglione; du docteur Raoust, etc., M. le secrétaire général, conduit par le docteur Lacoste, maire et président de l'œuvre, s'est rendu d'abord à l'école de filles indigènes, puis à l'école des garçons indigènes, où les personnalités présentes ont été reçues par M. le Directeur et par Mme la directrice, entourés de leurs collaborateurs. Là. 60 fillettes. ici, 100 garçons, savouraient un plantureux couscous, suivi d'une poignée de figues et d'un morceau de pain. M. le maire et le personnel enseignant ont signalé à leurs visiteurs qu'environ 9.000 repas chauds sont distribués par le soin de l'œuvre des cantines pendant les mois rigoureux de l'hiver. Ils ont ajoute que la caisse des écoles avait, par ailleurs, permis de vêtir un nombre imposant d'élèves nécessiteux. Ils ont expliqué le fonctionnement de ces deux associations sœurs, soulignant la sympathie effective déjà suscitée auprès des pouvoirs publics et de nombreux particuliers qu'ils remercient. Ils ont manifesté l'espoir qu'un si bon départ attirera pour l'avenir un appui grandissant de la population afin de subvenir dans une large mesure aux besoins des trop nombreux enfants des écoles indigènes. DELLYS Vous aurez davantage de satisfaction en achetant un DUCRETET et vous ferez travailler des ouvriers FRANÇAIS. Agent A. GARENNE, Dellys. L'affiche du centenaire de Philippeville mçys.y.y. y"' ■> yj Voici la reproduction d'une affiche du centenaire de Philippeville dont l'exécution a été confiée par M. P. Cuttoli, sénateur-maire de Philippeville, au peintre algérois René Rostagny DOUERA CROIX DU MERITE SOCIAL. -, DJmanche 20 février, la Fédération d'Alger des anciens combattants et l'Association ues anciens combattants et victimes de la guerre du Sahei se sont réunies à la salle des fêtes 'de Douera pour remettre à M. Olive, secrétaire de la Fédération et président de l'Association du Sahel, la croix du mérite social. Etaient présents : Mme Olive, MM. Rogier, conseiller général ; BJasco, maire de Douéra ; le capitaine Lopez, commandant d'armes ; MM. Kerdavid, président de la Fédération, et les membres de son bureau ; Suavet, maire de Mahelma ; Chollet, maire de Baba-Hassen ; Bouzat, maire de Crescla ; Favier, maire de Draria ; Faloniba, maire d'El-Acliour ; Deniangeat, maire u'Ou!i!ù-!<'ayct ; Marquet, adjoint ae Sainte-Amelie ; la musique de Douera, tous les cheis des différents établissements et de nombreux amis. M. Blasco souhaita la bienvenue à tous et félicita M. Olive de la distinction dont i il était l'objet. M. Petretti vint apporter également les félicitations du conseil d'administration et de tous les membres de l'Association. M. Kerdavid, à son tour. prit la parole. Il remercia toutes les personnalités présentes d'avoir répondu à son appel et s'adressant à M. Olive il le remercia pour le dévouement sans borne qu'il apporte au service de la communauté et de 'a République. Puis, ayant offert à Mme Olive une gerbe de fleurs splendides en témoignage de sa reconnaissance et de son affectueuse sympathie, il épingla sur la poitrine de son camarade et ami M. Olive la croix du mérite social. M. "Olive prononça alors une allocution dans laquelle il exprima son' émotion et fit l'éloge de M. Kerdavid, missionnaire de « la camaraderie qui rend l'homme meilleur ». Il félicita aussi MM. Steib, promu officier ; Olives, promu chevalier ; Aouidad, pour son élévation au grade de chevalier de la Légion d'honnéul ; Samet, qui vient d'obtenir la médaille militaire au titre de faits de guerre ; il salua la présence de MM. Schurer et Ruoz, du service des pensions, et de M. Petretti. organisateur de la réunion. « Puisse, dit-il en terminant, cette réunion faire venir ou revenir à nous les ingrats, insouciants ou resquilleurs qui ne comprennent pas combien le nombre est nécessaire pour défendre nos droits et maintenir intacte la charte des anciens combattants. » Notre bannière est celle de tous, aux trois couleurs de ce drapeau sous les plis duquel nous avons vécu effroyablement nos jeunes années enthousiastes de 14 à 18, celui de la France, notre patrie, celui de la République une et indivisible. » DUPERRÉ AVANCEMENT. — C'est avec plaisir que nous avons relevé dans la dernière promotion, le nom de notre estimé notaire, M" Adrien Colomer, qui passe de la 3" à la 2" classe. Nous l'en complimentons sincèrement et souhaitons le voir rester longtemps dans notre localité. FORT-DE-L'EAU RIALTO-CINEMA. — Jeudi, samedi à 21 heures, dimanche en matinée : Marie Bell, Madeleine Renaud, Maurice Escande, André Roanne dans « Les demi-vierges » ; Richard Talmadge, Diavolo dans « Chasse au crime e ; Pathé-Journal ; actualités. Prochainement : « Abus de confiance ». BAL. *— Le conseil d'administration de la société musicale informe ses membres honoraires que le bal mensuel leur sera offert, dimanche 27 courant, à 21 heures, salle des fêtes. NAISSANCE. — Georges est venu augmenter le jeune foyer de Mme et M. Laurent Masanet, cultivateur à Fort-de-l'Eau. Meilleurs vœux au bébé, compliments aux parents FORT-NATIONAL-AZOUZA NAISSANCE.Nous apprenons avec plaisir la naissance de Mourad. fils de Mme et M. Baba Arezki. huissier à Vialar. petltfils de Mme et M. Abache, Instituteur en retraite à Azouza. Nos souhaits pour le bébé et nos compliments à son heuieuse fainllie. CAMPAGNE DE GREFFAGE. — M. Ouakli, directeur de l'école d'Azouza, informe les anciens élèves de l'école et en général les fellahs d'Azouza. que des démonstrations de greffage et de taille de la vigne et des arbres fruitiers, auront lieu dans le jardin scolaire tous 'es soirs, de 16 à 17 lieuies, sauf le mercredi le dimanche et les jours de mauvais temps. Tous ceux qu'intéresse l'arboriculture sont priés d'y assister. On distribue des greffons et l'on prête des outils à ceux qui en désirent. PROGRES AZOUZIEN. — Remerciements à l'école de la rue llorace-Vernet (Alger).Dans un Kestp de charité agissante et de fraternelle solidarité, l'école française de la rue Horace-Vernet d'Alger, a adopté comme filleule. l'école d'indlffènes d'Azouza (Fort-National), pour en secourir, dans la mesure du possible, iS enfants nécessiteux. C'est ainsi que, grâce à leitra petits par rains français de la rue IlraceVerr et. les petits écoliers kabyles l' P..:JItt¡.oa ont reçu à l'occasion de la Noël, 250 francs pour achat de friandises diverses, et ce mois-ci, un lot d'effets chauds qui ont fait le bonheur de 150 garçonnets dt tous âges. Voilà des gestes qui rapprochent et qui unissen Le conseil d'administration du « Progrès azouzien » (Association des anciens élèves d'Azouza), adre.sse ses remerciements à M.
| 36,649 |
https://github.com/Jeswang/Distribution/blob/master/g/google-earth/src/main/scala/typings/googleEarth/google/earth/KmlContainer.scala
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,020 |
Distribution
|
Jeswang
|
Scala
|
Code
| 181 | 402 |
package typings.googleEarth.google.earth
import scala.scalajs.js
import scala.scalajs.js.`|`
import scala.scalajs.js.annotation._
@JSGlobal("google.earth.KmlContainer")
@js.native
class KmlContainer () extends KmlFeature {
/**
* Get an element by ID.
* This is functionally equivalent to getElementByUrl with an unspecified base URL.
*
* For example: getElementByUrl('#foo').
*
* Usage is when finding objects created with JavaScript, which have unspecified base URLs.
* The object must be a descendant of the container before it can be found.
*/
def getElementById(id: String): KmlObject = js.native
/**
* Get an element by URL. A URL consists of the base address and ID, joined with the # character.
*
* For example: http://www.google.com/bar.kml#here_be_monsters
*
* This applies to objects that are fetched.
* In the case of plugin created objects, the URL is simply #foo.
* The object must be a descendant of the container before it can be found.
*/
def getElementByUrl(url: String): KmlObject = js.native
/**
* Get an element by type.
*/
def getElementsByType(`type`: String): KmlObjectList[KmlObject] = js.native
/**
* A collection of features, such as name, description, and so on.
*/
def getFeatures(): GEFeatureContainer = js.native
}
| 1,308 |
https://github.com/ericdallo/sdk/blob/master/pkg/analysis_server/test/analysis_server_test.dart
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,021 |
sdk
|
ericdallo
|
Dart
|
Code
| 650 | 2,261 |
// Copyright (c) 2014, the Dart project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
import 'dart:async';
import 'package:analysis_server/protocol/protocol.dart';
import 'package:analysis_server/protocol/protocol_constants.dart';
import 'package:analysis_server/protocol/protocol_generated.dart';
import 'package:analysis_server/src/analysis_server.dart';
import 'package:analysis_server/src/domain_server.dart';
import 'package:analysis_server/src/server/crash_reporting_attachments.dart';
import 'package:analysis_server/src/utilities/mocks.dart';
import 'package:analyzer/instrumentation/instrumentation.dart';
import 'package:analyzer/src/generated/sdk.dart';
import 'package:analyzer/src/test_utilities/mock_sdk.dart';
import 'package:analyzer/src/test_utilities/resource_provider_mixin.dart';
import 'package:analyzer_plugin/protocol/protocol_common.dart';
import 'package:test/test.dart';
import 'package:test_reflective_loader/test_reflective_loader.dart';
void main() {
defineReflectiveSuite(() {
defineReflectiveTests(AnalysisServerTest);
});
}
@reflectiveTest
class AnalysisServerTest with ResourceProviderMixin {
MockServerChannel channel;
AnalysisServer server;
/// Test that having multiple analysis contexts analyze the same file doesn't
/// cause that file to receive duplicate notifications when it's modified.
Future do_not_test_no_duplicate_notifications() async {
// Subscribe to STATUS so we'll know when analysis is done.
server.serverServices = {ServerService.STATUS};
newFolder('/foo');
newFolder('/bar');
newFile('/foo/foo.dart', content: 'import "../bar/bar.dart";');
var bar = newFile('/bar/bar.dart', content: 'library bar;');
server.setAnalysisRoots('0', ['/foo', '/bar'], []);
var subscriptions = <AnalysisService, Set<String>>{};
for (var service in AnalysisService.VALUES) {
subscriptions[service] = <String>{bar.path};
}
// The following line causes the isolate to continue running even though the
// test completes.
server.setAnalysisSubscriptions(subscriptions);
await server.onAnalysisComplete;
expect(server.statusAnalyzing, isFalse);
channel.notificationsReceived.clear();
server.updateContent(
'0', {bar.path: AddContentOverlay('library bar; void f() {}')});
await server.onAnalysisComplete;
expect(server.statusAnalyzing, isFalse);
expect(channel.notificationsReceived, isNotEmpty);
var notificationTypesReceived = <String>{};
for (var notification in channel.notificationsReceived) {
var notificationType = notification.event;
switch (notificationType) {
case 'server.status':
case 'analysis.errors':
// It's normal for these notifications to be sent multiple times.
break;
case 'analysis.outline':
// It's normal for this notification to be sent twice.
// TODO(paulberry): why?
break;
default:
if (!notificationTypesReceived.add(notificationType)) {
fail('Notification type $notificationType received more than once');
}
break;
}
}
}
void setUp() {
channel = MockServerChannel();
// Create an SDK in the mock file system.
MockSdk(resourceProvider: resourceProvider);
server = AnalysisServer(
channel,
resourceProvider,
AnalysisServerOptions(),
DartSdkManager(convertPath('/sdk'), false),
CrashReportingAttachmentsBuilder.empty,
InstrumentationService.NULL_SERVICE);
}
Future test_echo() {
server.handlers = [EchoHandler()];
var request = Request('my22', 'echo');
return channel.sendRequest(request).then((Response response) {
expect(response.id, equals('my22'));
expect(response.error, isNull);
});
}
Future test_serverStatusNotifications_hasFile() async {
server.serverServices.add(ServerService.STATUS);
newFile('/test/lib/a.dart', content: r'''
class A {}
''');
server.setAnalysisRoots('0', [convertPath('/test')], []);
// Pump the event queue, so that the server has finished any analysis.
await pumpEventQueue(times: 5000);
var notifications = channel.notificationsReceived;
expect(notifications, isNotEmpty);
// At least one notification indicating analysis is in progress.
expect(notifications.any((Notification notification) {
if (notification.event == SERVER_NOTIFICATION_STATUS) {
var params = ServerStatusParams.fromNotification(notification);
if (params.analysis != null) {
return params.analysis.isAnalyzing;
}
}
return false;
}), isTrue);
// The last notification should indicate that analysis is complete.
var notification = notifications[notifications.length - 1];
var params = ServerStatusParams.fromNotification(notification);
expect(params.analysis.isAnalyzing, isFalse);
}
Future test_serverStatusNotifications_noFiles() async {
server.serverServices.add(ServerService.STATUS);
newFolder('/test');
server.setAnalysisRoots('0', [convertPath('/test')], []);
// Pump the event queue, so that the server has finished any analysis.
await pumpEventQueue(times: 5000);
var notifications = channel.notificationsReceived;
expect(notifications, isNotEmpty);
// At least one notification indicating analysis is in progress.
expect(notifications.any((Notification notification) {
if (notification.event == SERVER_NOTIFICATION_STATUS) {
var params = ServerStatusParams.fromNotification(notification);
if (params.analysis != null) {
return params.analysis.isAnalyzing;
}
}
return false;
}), isTrue);
// The last notification should indicate that analysis is complete.
var notification = notifications[notifications.length - 1];
var params = ServerStatusParams.fromNotification(notification);
expect(params.analysis.isAnalyzing, isFalse);
}
Future<void>
test_setAnalysisSubscriptions_fileInIgnoredFolder_newOptions() async {
var path = convertPath('/project/samples/sample.dart');
newFile(path);
newFile('/project/analysis_options.yaml', content: r'''
analyzer:
exclude:
- 'samples/**'
''');
server.setAnalysisRoots('0', [convertPath('/project')], []);
server.setAnalysisSubscriptions(<AnalysisService, Set<String>>{
AnalysisService.NAVIGATION: <String>{path}
});
// We respect subscriptions, even for excluded files.
await pumpEventQueue();
expect(channel.notificationsReceived.any((notification) {
return notification.event == ANALYSIS_NOTIFICATION_NAVIGATION;
}), isTrue);
}
Future<void>
test_setAnalysisSubscriptions_fileInIgnoredFolder_oldOptions() async {
var path = convertPath('/project/samples/sample.dart');
newFile(path);
newFile('/project/.analysis_options', content: r'''
analyzer:
exclude:
- 'samples/**'
''');
server.setAnalysisRoots('0', [convertPath('/project')], []);
server.setAnalysisSubscriptions(<AnalysisService, Set<String>>{
AnalysisService.NAVIGATION: <String>{path}
});
// We respect subscriptions, even for excluded files.
await pumpEventQueue();
expect(channel.notificationsReceived.any((notification) {
return notification.event == ANALYSIS_NOTIFICATION_NAVIGATION;
}), isTrue);
}
Future test_shutdown() {
server.handlers = [ServerDomainHandler(server)];
var request = Request('my28', SERVER_REQUEST_SHUTDOWN);
return channel.sendRequest(request).then((Response response) {
expect(response.id, equals('my28'));
expect(response.error, isNull);
});
}
Future test_unknownRequest() {
server.handlers = [EchoHandler()];
var request = Request('my22', 'randomRequest');
return channel.sendRequest(request).then((Response response) {
expect(response.id, equals('my22'));
expect(response.error, isNotNull);
});
}
}
class EchoHandler implements RequestHandler {
@override
Response handleRequest(Request request) {
if (request.method == 'echo') {
return Response(request.id, result: {'echo': true});
}
return null;
}
}
| 4,601 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%28%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Аркадий (святой)
|
https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Аркадий (святой)&action=history
|
Russian
|
Spoken
| 88 | 284 |
Аркадий — имя, которое носили некоторые святые:
Аркадий и Нестор (ум. IV в.) — епископы Тримифунта Кипрского. Известны своими трудами, крестили многих язычников. Дни памяти — 4 марта (зап.), 7 марта.
Аркадий Африканский (ум. ок. 437) — мученик. День памяти — 13 ноября.
Аркадий Буржский (ум. 549) — епископ Буржа. День памяти — 1 августа.
Аркадий Вяземский (ум. 1592) — преподобный, православный святой, иногда в традиции почитания отождествляемый с Аркадием Новоторжским.
Аркадий Мавретанский (284—305) — католический святой, мученик.
Аркадий Новоторжский (ум. ок. 1077) — православный монах, святой.
Примечания
| 24,001 |
https://github.com/noud/mouse-bsd-5.2/blob/master/crypto/dist/heimdal/lib/roken/getaddrinfo_hostspec.c
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
BSD-3-Clause
| 2,021 |
mouse-bsd-5.2
|
noud
|
C
|
Code
| 462 | 1,153 |
/*
* Copyright (c) 2000 Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
* (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden).
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
__RCSID("$Heimdal: getaddrinfo_hostspec.c 14773 2005-04-12 11:29:18Z lha $"
"$NetBSD: getaddrinfo_hostspec.c,v 1.2 2008/03/22 08:37:21 mlelstv Exp $");
#endif
#include "roken.h"
/* getaddrinfo via string specifying host and port */
int ROKEN_LIB_FUNCTION
roken_getaddrinfo_hostspec2(const char *hostspec,
int socktype,
int port,
struct addrinfo **ai)
{
const char *p;
char portstr[NI_MAXSERV];
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
struct addrinfo hints;
int hostspec_len;
struct hst {
const char *prefix;
int socktype;
int protocol;
int port;
} *hstp, hst[] = {
{ "http://", SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, 80 },
{ "http/", SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, 80 },
{ "tcp/", SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP },
{ "udp/", SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP },
{ NULL }
};
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
hints.ai_socktype = socktype;
for(hstp = hst; hstp->prefix; hstp++) {
if(strncmp(hostspec, hstp->prefix, strlen(hstp->prefix)) == 0) {
hints.ai_socktype = hstp->socktype;
hints.ai_protocol = hstp->protocol;
if(port == 0)
port = hstp->port;
hostspec += strlen(hstp->prefix);
break;
}
}
p = strchr (hostspec, ':');
if (p != NULL) {
char *end;
port = strtol (p + 1, &end, 0);
hostspec_len = p - hostspec;
} else {
hostspec_len = strlen(hostspec);
}
snprintf (portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%u", port);
snprintf (host, sizeof(host), "%.*s", hostspec_len, hostspec);
return getaddrinfo (host, portstr, &hints, ai);
}
int ROKEN_LIB_FUNCTION
roken_getaddrinfo_hostspec(const char *hostspec,
int port,
struct addrinfo **ai)
{
return roken_getaddrinfo_hostspec2(hostspec, 0, port, ai);
}
| 23,824 |
https://github.com/jiangpinghuang/melody-join/blob/master/src/com/iojin/melody/bsp/Baseline.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,014 |
melody-join
|
jiangpinghuang
|
Java
|
Code
| 157 | 915 |
package com.iojin.melody.bsp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import org.apache.hadoop.filecache.DistributedCache;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hama.HamaConfiguration;
import org.apache.hama.bsp.BSPJob;
import com.iojin.melody.utils.FileUtil;
import com.iojin.melody.utils.TimerUtil;
public class Baseline {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, URISyntaxException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
if (args.length != 12) {
System.out.println("USAGE: <QUERY> <NUM_TASK> <PARAK> <DIMENSION> <NUM_BIN> <NUM_VECTOR> <INPUT_PATH> <BIN_PATH> <VECTOR_PATH> <OUTPUT_PATH> <CACHED> <BATCH>");
return;
}
HamaConfiguration conf = new HamaConfiguration();
conf.set("mapred.child.java.opts", "-Xmx512M");
Path in = new Path(args[6]);
Path out = new Path(args[9]);
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
if (fs.isFile(in)) {
System.out.println("Input should be a directory");
return;
}
FileUtil.deleteIfExistOnHDFS(conf, args[9]);
FileUtil.addDependency(conf);
DistributedCache.addCacheFile(new URI(args[7]),conf);
DistributedCache.addCacheFile(new URI(args[8]),conf);
String query = args[0];
// to support both top-k and distance join
if (query.equalsIgnoreCase("topk")) {
conf.setInt(BaselineBSP.PARAK, Integer.valueOf(args[2]));
}
else if (query.equalsIgnoreCase("distance")) {
conf.setFloat(BaselineBSP.PARATHRESHOLD, Float.valueOf(args[2]));
}
conf.set(BaselineBSP.QUERY, query);
conf.setInt(BaselineBSP.DIMENSION, Integer.valueOf(args[3]));
conf.setInt(BaselineBSP.NUMBIN, Integer.valueOf(args[4]));
conf.setInt(BaselineBSP.NUMVEC, Integer.valueOf(args[5]));
conf.set(BaselineBSP.PATHIN, args[6]);
conf.set(BaselineBSP.PATHBIN, args[7]);
conf.set(BaselineBSP.PATHVEC, args[8]);
conf.set(BaselineBSP.PATHOUT, args[9]);
conf.setBoolean(BaselineBSP.CACHED, Boolean.valueOf(args[10]));
conf.setInt(BaselineBSP.MSG_BATCH, Integer.valueOf(args[11]));
conf.set("bsp.local.tasks.maximum", "" + Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
BSPJob job = BaselineBSP.createJob(conf, in, out);
job.setNumBspTask(Integer.valueOf(args[1]));
TimerUtil.start();
job.waitForCompletion(true);
TimerUtil.end();
TimerUtil.print();
}
}
| 33,620 |
sn83035143_1861-01-12_1_3_1
|
US-PD-Newspapers
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| null |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 7,145 | 11,577 |
D MLY MORNING LEA furnished lh.iy, Trl-Warily and VmI Paiiy ret yea ladr h.r lMM ll C'tie,., e.pU 14. Huperiot slrv.1 J"SHiiS OF DAILY AND TRI-.t per week . ' " k!7. peg Weak - AILT AND re.1 WI In advance AT T. A W t. na ma -. fi ' ' i ,T ri . an.lKlR 8TKKET. OCIJOKIO TFRMS OF WKKKJa Law, No. 4 Parkins' Blocks Thy aiauoller tiie foiiowiii jivi'. vi K. SUEkWLN, AT- - aiHU;y t LAW and Proctor tu AdinN An extra copy allowed lfcin Bulldiu. Public buuere, I lev tun trout'.. UMiTJ""-; .ISVABIAM- .ifSSS Xih"rJ & BRUCE, ATTORNEYS ind On liar" .lore at Law. Olttoe 1M Superior u.pt-rmtia Mrcual Bank,) Uve.ad, U. al A 1 " Sr lOARD.MAN and 1NGKRS0LL, I f Atun'.r m Law, Atwater Block, (bot of Bu per.or street, V Iwvttifcj,), Ohio. 'AH.'V ill H ROOKS & FORD. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, tMkiui building v I'ubtic buar.. p. v. saoo.r l lI.' w J iLMA.MSON AN D RIDDLE, iTToi.nxr ui. tim. iso. m ruperior Ue.viaod, Ulllu. 6. WILI.IAJI9UH, ii A tj. Kil'LK. Tsi'ER, J. h' ATTORNEY AT t L A vi . Warren, Iruiubullcouuly, Ohio, mile 5o. 5 Market street. marttirarr. IRON AND NAILS WARE- I hook, N'.i,u.vimI; uiTrrnmii,iMl Jb. S V7 and t uu Ihe ilock, Cleveland, Uhlo. w. . uui. uw rOfTBB. vr. jr. CARET CO., .VHOLKSALE AGKNCT FOB TBS BALA l BIIOKSllKUUKKH JUNIATA NAILSI Cbntmon and Crtarcoai Sheet Iron, i V N 1 ATA Uoll.KH PLATE. fklNO PLOW AND HLlalKH. nThKL, "TIKI TLOW VtlKl,!., BAH IKO.N. C UOTvH WIMmiW t.LAto, talilSO STuXKS, M. 8KR'9 IVIcbrauxl Kin Prool A" 14, Ac, at man. It irturr' pru-. aul:KJ4 (COOPERS' TOOLS Evsrtttinq J lu 11m Iiim. Alao, Uoup-lron, RlvrH, c UULWLLI A CO., H:i Untnriu trMt. CARPENTEls' TOOLS. EVE RV THING wantrd In llta wjr i( rarpfntari' twwla. pt tb tNiat oxaara. for aala la-ry choap. by CO KI.L (., BOTH 143 Ontario ftr-Bt. I RON OFlLL KIN US AN D OF I tbc bt aualitiM, lor aalr Inw, by 4X1LWKLL A CO., oU . 143 OpialLP it. 1) L'lLDEKS' H A RD W ARE. A very & Maori tueitt. OOl.WCLL A CO , 'n'srio nt r-rt. 1 I A YINU IOOLS. Y T 11 ES, J 1 Boalua. Kaka. ytb-4)tonea, Ar., t-tr anlobr H. K. KAVNOLIiS, taata pupcflil lrnt. f iRADLEs Mllay, Grape Vin, ,;Mni"'k' "-"""i.K.BATl.OLWi. OAl) SCRAPERS Pi A N K l..r oala low. U. K. KAVNOLDS. 'i.ubkvI hujar.or itrart. 4. WW, A. atnOH, W. IULlMBlt. i 7IEN ER &. CO., (SitmVl'l fT. Kaa A Co..) UKKCBAI. TKOCPCE, TOUWABDISU AKD COJTifSSOJC JUERCIIAKTS, ro the t.u-i or Grain. Flour, SeeLs, Por Lard, Cutter Cheese, Fruits, Fiih, W'xter-Lime, Eighwinea, aud Couutr ProdC Generally, Ho. faJtlVEneT..CLKVLANDiO. PtLrticuUr aitnUon paid to tba purciuw oj Good lor CoDtitfUvtra. kECKB TO Fftt Brown, Baitkpr; Morgan Boot, H. D. Kfitduil A Co , Dry W-Mxia MrcriAJit8; A. CALDWKLU J. O. BIMMOSf CALDWELL & SIMMONS, PKODUCE COM MISSION MERCHANTS, 90.il CHIOS ITkSlT, clivzlahd, o. PARTICULAR ATTENTION I givea to th aale of Floor, Grain. Pork, Butter e4aT Ac, and to DiliDfr ortirrs kr uch article aj can te procured in our market. AdraootM mad ob OouiumeDta to Uita aod othw BiarkeUt. aarsa to : Iveniuel Wirk, Prenidnt, ntT(land; Jaoon 'Parker, Esq., buftnio: l. & J. W. Hauiuuif, Cinciu mati; N. K. Lyoian A. Co., N" rk. am 13 M. B. Clakk, J. l. RvK'nrrci tru. (Lat Clark A Rock Her,: Geo. W. Gardner, (Late of Cti, BrowneU A Co.) pLARK, GARLNEK & CO., PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS, A.D41 dealer in Gthiq, Klour. Fiib. Water Lime, Planter. Coarse, Ground, Solar aaa Dtury bait. Noa. 39,41, 43, and 45 Hirer Street, AXD 0 THI DOCK, CLEVELAND, OHIO. W Prir-riT rtceiTed by Railroad or Canal, ftal- or .iiipmfOt. "Wiliaife pronaJ attention to th Sale and Purciia ol i'rodu ud Merchandise, on Committ al on. Htnr to Banka, Bankers, and business nenn rally. mar 24 H.24 J. CWSTOtX. flEHBT NEWIKSK1 03ISTUCK A NEWBERRY, PKonrcK and C COMMISSIOX AfK&CEAKTS, 3tO. 60 M RkWIS ST.. ClTVKLAND, O. Cnrwrt of and ialt-r in Ju ir Cored li nmi anc JjruA tWi, i'ort, Baoou, Lard, flour, lram, Ac. kKTERKKClLS. m n lr . . ir i. ... i -. terelauo ; t. N. ift kitii.. Prt-id nt Suuiniit Jo. auk, CuyiUiuga i"aiin; K. a. Coruuck, tuna., Cash r Por(ije i-o. Bttuk, Karniia: P. T. llamm A o.t Toldo; 0. K. v'uadick A Co., Cincinnaf. Diwiiij, a iwiurui jiiini-n:iai dkiii Cterelauo ; t. N. Sill, kitii.. Pr-i-l nt Summit Co. Co., noTirrW II. FARGO & CO., GE5ERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 22 Kerwin treet, GLETELAND, OHIO, P-r.lfra in WCTB,CBAIN, POHh., SALT. FISH. BUTTEE, CHEESE, LAKD, EUGS, SEEDS, JLghuvut, Water Lime, Dried Fruit, Linseed OH, 4c, jc. HANNA, GARRETSON & CO., WUoLa,SALK OKlM KKS, COHMISSIOS MEM VHA 2?TS, And Dealers in Pi Iron, lnsut lopper, Salt, Flh. Piaster, Ac, Ac, tiarrejr'a bik. Alerwin alrtt.and Hiver. 'lafelaml. OiiMt. fnar2.dtt2 lHE HAMMONDSVILLE MIN- 1 ISQ and MannfartuHnt; Company have on aad, at V ho!eile and Ketail, troiu their own iaa Bnl MnnnlatnriHa fiiAatlloN LV 1LLK Ct AL,for Gaa, Steam, Smith ing and lnmet4tic nna. tiA41Sl(jM; LLKLuK E No. I, tur Hauatactori iug pnrr-oaee. LAMBMOBILE COKE No. 3, Air Domeatic ne. JAMBONVILLE FIRE CLAR, well ground, and dry. HAMMONDVILLE FIRE CLAR, com icon pat "iiMd wedge, it, and in the speak of its character in the best terms. All, a constant supply of ammunition, of a standard quality, and also for domestic purposes. U- is healed immediately on the line of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, was ran by a ship to any part of the order solicited. H. U. WALLACE & SON, Hasimondville, Jefferson County, Ohio. January 31, 1858. HUtWKVS k CUMHAW POAL MERCHANTS, WHOLE- J SALE ASH RKTAIL lelers In Pitt.hnrtrh Kn..,-iH. .ti SFrin Vein i AiA LH 4,n I. ... . . T fcr bniiOiine. OrhVeon the eat aid- of the Cleve land A 1'iu.hurgn a. II. 41 I'ier, I'leveUnd, Ohio Orders, left at ijuaaey A Mciiride't (Winalnw's F S;LVrKH P'LAl t.NU ad HELL iiANGlMj rpnE fcOBSCRIBKRIS PREPAR- I i i," . piinB. y orlts, (Viators, Fruit laxriaa. jad all other articles o: talne ware, as good aae.w: aiao. Stair Kola. lt,-r k i k.n duii. Ac, ra-piaied or plated to order, ur hand or electro pro.-4a, as good as auy oluor eeubliabtnant In tbe wuutry. , BELL HANOIJifl Fromptly attend t ta, and all work warranted as Tepre ,i nAl, at raaonahle prtr-a. k.Di No. 4 Mechanic's bio A, turner of Proa Dec OntarM .tr.tfc. i l!T afair.l XT IKPBOVED UKMWElt, tnralng tu ham UilWBU Ol Up, V II DCRUV Jl IllUeS. J.UUai.1 tilLL. MORNING LEADER. A1XK11AY MO.M.NU. JAN. ear ear TelrKraphir, Alarkrt ana Jlarliia Kiwn are Kaurtai I'aato, .. How I Spent my New Year's. My mother dlei wbeu I wa Tary young, lcavlug mo to the cure of an imlulijeut lather, wbo patted nU ixiid n e until lie rue; with k handsome, cold-hearted widow Mr, with one child aioul my own nps, whom Le ur ried. ' 1 pass orcr the raTtyrdim of my child hood, end on to the erenUul New Year' day which forms the subject of my story. It was a few days before Christmas, when my brother remitted, "I suppose, Mr. Editor, that Fred has been home in day or two." "Yes," replied her daughter, "Fanny told me that she expected him tomorrow." "Then he will likely fall upon you on New Year's; he will be glad to meet you again, for he always thought so much of you when you were a child." I felt rather ashamed to hear this conversation addressed to my step-sister, for I had always looked upon Fred almost as my own private property. Had played together when we were children, and although Mary would sometimes join our play, she was always sure to quarrel, and often never to speak to us again. When I was at the age of fourteen, Fred went to Europe to complete his education, and now, when four years had passed away, although I thought but little of the childish engagement that existed between us, yet there was one figure mixed with all my dreams, and it bore a striking resemblance to Fred Sterling. "Why, I thought Fred Sterling belonged to Rosie!" said my father, stroking down my curls. "Oh, no!" replied my mother, very coolly, "he liked Rosa well enough to play with, but Mary was the favorite." Notwithstanding that stepmother had given her opinion so decidedly in favor of Fred's attachment to Mary, she looked rather worried, and at length remarked "Rose, why don't you put up your hair? I think you are too old to wear curls, for you know that you and Mary are to be considered young ladies now, and on New Year's day you will receive calls." This was quite a new idea to me. I had always worn my hair in curls, and it had never occurred to me that it could be worn in any other way. Fred, too, had liked my curls, and when he left had cut off a little ringlet, pressed it to his lips, and said he should always keep it. To tell the truth, always. I had an idea curls were the most becoming to me. I was, however, saved the trouble of replying, for my father looked up, and twisted a lock of my hair over his finger, exclaiming: "No, indeed! Roses curls must not be put up until they are gray," and he turned away and passed his hand over his eyes. I had a portrait of my own mother, taken when she was about my own age; her hair hung in glossy ringlets, and I sometimes thought I bore a great resemblance to her, only that she was beautiful. Thus I knew why my father passed his hand over his eyes. My stepmother bit her lips, and seemed lost in thought. Presently she looked up, and with a bland smile remarked: "Rosa, dear, why don't you go to make your aunt a visit? I am always waiting for you, is a kind old soul and loves you dearly." Aunt Patty was my father's eldest. And only remaining sister: but this was the first time I ever heard her merits acknowledged by my dear mother. Often, on the contrary, had my blooms boiled to hear her called vulgar and "country-lover." I replied that I intended making her a visit very soon. "Well, Rosa," she continued, "you are so fond of making others happy, though you don't you go after Christmas, and spend every hour with her? She will feel more lonely and a time than at any other, and I know she would enjoy having you with her so much. Looked up, astonished at this mood, but I saw the scheme at once and resolved to baffle her, so I replied that I preferred making my visit after New Year's. My father, however, with a mischievous twinkle at me, remarked, "You had better go a few days after Christmas, Rosie; your aunt Pattie would like so much to have you with her then." I consented after this, of course. But when alone in my room, I puzzled myself to discover what my father meant. The day of my departure came, and my father and I set forth on our journey. The abode of my aunt Pattie was in a beautiful, but rather lonely country place, with but little society, and a few poor families scattered here and there, with their dwellings now almost buried in snow-backs, which looked as though they would never melt away. I loved my aunt Pattie very much, but I sighed as I thought of spending this usually gay season in such a dreary-looking region. Just then, however, we came in sight of my aunt's house, where stood the dear old lady at her gate, watching for us. Her smile was so bright and her look so happy as she welcomed us, that my gloomy feelings were instantly dispelled, and by the time that my father, after having chatted a little while, took his leave, began to feel quite lively. Before he went, however, he drew me to him, and as he kissed me, whispered, "Now, Rosie, don't lose your heart out here," and he was gone. As I looked around I thought there was but little need of such a caution - my heart was certainly safe unless I buried it in one of the snow banks. "Oh, my child!" exclaimed aunt Pattie, drawing me closer to her heart, "I am so glad you made up your mind to spend the holidays with your poor old aunt, for I always feel more lonely at such times than at any other." I was glad too, and I felt that I was more. than repaid for the sacrifice I had made. There are others who will be delighted to see you, too, my child," she continued, "there are the Lanetons, who are continually inquiring for Miss Rose." The Lanetons were a poor family residing near my aunt, who were striving to earn an honest living. During the years I had spent with my aunt, previous to my father's second marriage, I had frequently visited them, and I had never been at my aunt's since without calling. "Are they all well?" I inquired. "Yes," replied my aunt, "all but the youngest child who is confined to her bed by the spine complaint, and the old grandmother, who is blind." "Well, Rose, we shall not be quite alone on New Year's day," said my aunt, in the evening, "for I have invited a whole family to dine with us." "Who are they?" I inquired. "Oh, I shall not tell you," she replied, "I am going to surprise you; one is an old friend of yours." "The Willis family, I suppose, and Sarah the old friend," said I. Aunt Pattie laughed, but said nothing. Sarah Willis and I had always played together, when I lived with my aunt; and from this fact she imagined that we were very dear friends. Yet why we had sought each other's society I cannot tell. Certain it is that never met without quarreling. This childish antipathy I had always maintained towards her since, and I therefore received this intelligence with no great degree of pleasure. The next day my aunt was busy in the kitchen making pits and preparing for the morrow, which was New Year's; and I helped her, feeling that I was much happier there than I would have been at home. But there was one figure that, notwithstanding my heroic resolves, still fitted through my mind. In imagination I saw Fred and Mary together, and it gave me a secret pang. But I knew that this was foolish. Why should I care for one from whom I had been parted four years? He might be changed. Probably he was conceited and egotistical; of course he had forgotten all about me; and very likely he might be engaged to someone else. Endeavoring to banish his image from my mind, I set out about dark, with a basket well filled with good things on my arm, to visit the Lanetons. "Oh, mother, here comes Miss Rose," exclaimed Maggie Laneton, a little curly-headed pet of my own. "Oh, Miss Rose!" was echoed; and I was immediately surrounded by bevy of children. "I give Miss Rose room to come in," said Mrs. L., as she extended her hand, saying, "You're welcome, miss. You look the same as ever," and she humbled me a chair, "only a great deal prettier." "I cannot see how you look, Miss Rose," chimed in the old grandmother, with a mournful tone, "if but there is your same sweet voice. Thank Heaven, I can bear that." "Miss Rose, won't you come here, please?" said a weak, childish voice, "I turned to the bed, where lay pale, thin little girl. A small while hand was slipped in mine, and fixing her large blue eyes upon me, she said, "I'm so glad you have come, Miss Rose." I learned over and kissed the little sufferer, and tried to talk to her; but her sad face brought tears to my eyes. "I will have you now and call another time," was uttered in a deep, manly voice. I turned quickly in the direction from whence the sound came, for the dusky twilight had prevented my noticing that there was a gentleman in the room; and I caught but a slight glimpse of him as he left the house. "He is very kind," said Mrs. Laneton, in answer to my look; he is a stranger, who came here with Mrs. Nowton yesterday, and dropped in a few minutes since to give my poor girl, as he said, "A New Year's present." As I walked home, with the empty basket on my arm, I felt fully repaid for spending my holidays in the country. The next day aunt Pattie examined my wardrobe, and was some time in choosing what dress I should wear; she made me try on two or three to see which was the most becoming, and at length decided on a mazurine blue silk, which she said looked well with a fair complexion. I laughingly submitted to be turned and twisted in all directions; to have my hair first brushed over my forehead, then off; to see my curls arranged in all possible ways; in short, to be treated like large doll about to be dressed for some wonderful occasion. "Aunt Pattie," said I, as we were sitting together, waiting for our company, "old maids are very happy, are they not?" "I am," she replied, "if you consider me any rule; why my child, do you think of being one?" "Yes," said I, "I would like to be an old maid, and have you to live with me." Aunt Pattie smiled, but before she could reply the door opened and a group entered. Foremost, to my surprise, was the figure I had caught a glimpse of the evening before, and whose image had been flitting through my mind the past four years. I was almost lost to consciousness when Fanny Stirling threw her arms around my neck and kissed me, exclaiming: "Why don't you lay how glad you are to see us all! Here have I been looking forward to meeting you today ever since I am to the country. Let me introduce you to my brother Fred," she continued. "I hope," remarked that gentleman, extending his hand, "that an introduction to 'brother Fred' is not necessary. You have not forgotten me, have you, Ross?" There was the same frankness as of old. How I envied his easy manners, for I could feel the color come and go in my cheek. To my relief, Mr. and Mrs. Sterling now came forward to shake hands with me, which the latter remarked: "I don't wonder at your astonishment, Rose. But we were making a visit to Bonnie friends out here, and your aunt invited us to come and surprise you." I was soon quite at my ease, and now I had time to note the changes which four years had made in Fred. The youthful figure had become more manly, and his manner had acquired a greater finish. That was a pleasant dinner party. Everyone looked smiling and happy. "Miss Rosalie," said Fred, "this evening, when you get rid of your company, will you favor me for a sleigh ride?" "Well; I declare," broke in Fanny, "what impudence! I suppose, Mr. Fred, the next thing you will ask us to please to go." "Probably Fred wishes to talk over old times with Rose," said Mrs. Sterling, "and feels too bashful to do it in our presence." "Will you go, Rose?" he asked. I promised, and at dusk Fred's sleigh stopped at the door. I was soon in, and we were flying over snow-bauks, while the merry bells kept time to our voices. "Did you see my father before you left home?" I inquired. "Yes," he replied; "I called there to see you the evening you left, supposing you were at home; for although my father told him some time since that we'd spend our New Year's out here, he didn't mention that you were coming." "Did you see Mary?" I asked. "Yes," said he, "do you recollect, Rose, how she and I used to quarrel together?" We went on talking about old times, and about the childish engagement we had made with each other, and somehow the past at this point becoming connected with the present, our conversation interested us, and we scarcely knew how times passed. When I returned to aunt Pattie a new diamond ring was glistening on my finger. She smiled as he noticed it, and inquired if I still clung to my resolution of being an old maid. The remainder of my visit passed pleasantly away. My father came to take me home, and the Sterling family accompanied us to the city. My step-mother received me in her usual style, omitting to call me "dear," as it was no longer necessary. She also forgot to inquire after the "kind old soul" whom I had been visiting. The conversation soon turned upon New Year's day, and I received a history of Mary's conquests. "Frederick Sterling called upon Mary the evening after you left," said her mother, "but, strange to say, he has not been since; he didn't even make a New Year's call." "Perhaps," observed my father, mischievously, "he was out of town." "Yes," replied his wife, "very likely." In the course of the evening Mr. Frederick Sterling made his appearance, and Mary immediately applied herself to the task of entertaining him, so that I had but a small chance of saying anything. After he had gone, and my step-mother and I were alone, she said: "My dear, you know, I suppose, that Mr. Sterling is a beau of Mary's; they thought a good deal of each other as children, and the other evening he was delighted to meet her again after so long an absence; now what I have to say to you is, that I think it would be a good plan for us both to keep out of the drawing room when he calls, for lovers always like to be alone together." I was prevented from replying to this observation by the entrance of my father and Mary. "Fred Sterling," said the former, addressing his wife, "has requested my permission to his marriage with a certain young lady of our acquaintance." "Ah," replied his wife, with a pleased look, "I was expecting this, it will be a splendid match for her; he is so well educated and gentlemanly, and his family are in the very society. Really, Mary," she continued, "turning to her daughter, "I congratulate you." "But the name of the young lady to whom I referred is not Mary, it was Rosalie," dryly said my father. My step-mother opened her eyes in astonishment. "Why," she replied, "I thought all his attentions were directed to Mary; however, I am rather glad she don't fancy him, as he is not altogether the match I should desire for her." "Well," said my father, "he suits me perfectly. I should not desire a better husband for my daughter." And so we were married and happily settled. Aunt Hattie gave up her lonely residence in the country and came to live with me. My father is a constant visitor, and goes to enjoy being with us. Fanny has proved a sister indeed, she sometimes accuses me of having stolen her brother from her, but then she throws her arms around me and says she has found a new sister. The beginning of my happiness I date from that eventful New Year's day when I sought to add to the enjoyment of others. Fred often speaks of my visit to the Lanetons, and says it was the sight of their love for me, more than anything else, which assured him that, in obtaining a renewal of my promise, his happiness would be compelled. Why was Pharaoh's daughter like a broker? Because she got a little prophet from the rushes on the banks. J. & B. B. Burt, CHINA, GLASS and QUEENSWARE DELIVERIES HOLIDAY GOODS, We have now open and ready to exhibit a very fine assortment of Holiday Goods, consisting of Gold Band and Decorated China DINNER A.vo TEA SETS, RICH PLATED CASTORS, CARD BASKETS, CANDB BASKETS. FINE CUT BELGIUM GLASS WARE, FINE CUT HOLIDAY TOILET WARE. CHINA TOYS, ENAMELED TRAYS and WAITERS, Parian Goods, Flowers, Vases, &c. KEROSENE LAMPS, And a great variety of OTHER GOOD IN OUR LINE, All of which we offer at VERY LOW FIGURES and think we can make it an object for things" wanting anything in the above line too all on us BEFORE PURCHASING ELSEWHERE! BICE & BURNETT. 10 (old No. 11 Superior St. WE KEEP CONSTANTLY ON hand MELODEONS of various styles and Bunting, at our Factory, Nos. 113, 197 and 181, Harts but Block. Ontario street. All Melodions Warranted. M- Timing and Repairing done cheap and guaranteed. FLE. DEBUKI K. INNÁNDACO FMEMEYS INSURANCE COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO. Capital Stock $100,000. A PPLICATION FOR INSURANCE will onl twelve hundred dollars on property with. 5, From the dividend, declared by the Company, the Fire Department and the firemen's Fund are jointly partially paid. The company of the Company being so high rates of Insurance can be afforded lower than 1. turwign responsible Company. You pay are prepared to take any amount of Directors. William Hart, William Reid, Hiram Pierce, Edwin Hart, A. S. Sanford, James Hj, Schofield, John Cowan, William W. Vox. John K. O'Leary, Office-No. 1 Lyman's Block, next to new Court House, P. B. Ller, J. K. Thayer, and Andrew Bennett, purchasing. NEW ENGLAND FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE CO., Hartford, Conn. Cash Capital - $200,000 Surplus - $200,000 The office is located and renewed, and all business connected with the company promptly attended to by the subscriber, the only authorized Agent. J. ENWORTH, Room No. 1, Perkins Building. Sewing Machines, New Improvements at Reduced Prices! The Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Company having given all their mills at law, with machine manufacturers of Sewing Machines, proposes that the public shall be benefited thereby, and have accordingly reduced the prices of their Sewing Machine. At this date they will be sold at prices that will pay a fair profit on the cost of manufacture, capital invested, and expenses of making sale; such prices as will enable them to make their first class machine, and as here. Tofore, guarantee them in every particular. HOLIDAY PRESENTS; A more acceptable or valuable present to the Ladies cannot be found than a W HEELER & WILSON SEWING MACHINE! W. Office 205 Superior street, Cleveland, Ohio. JOUM K. GUTHRIE & SONS. Send for a circular. G. ROVER & BAKERS. M. COMPANY. SALES ROOMS 171 SUPERIOR street, over Merchant's Bank. GROVE & BAKER'S CELEBRATED NOISELESS SEWING MACHINES! Have taken premiums at the late State Fairs of New York, Illinois, Kentucky, and Michigan, and by the united Voice of the People are pronounced the Very Best Family Sewing Machines Extant Tailors and Shoe Binders are invited to examine the New and Improved SINGLE machine recently patented by this Company. It is offered at prices within the reach of all. Send for Books and Circulars. Pay liberal discount made to Agents, Blink, Thread and Needles, and a general assortment of sewing Machine Material on hand. GROVE & BAKER, M. Co. S. J. WALSH, Agent. Coal Oil Works, Main street, (West Side,) near old Exchange CLEVELAND, OHIO. decrftRtO COAL OIL!! Kfl BBLS. HARTFORD COAL Oil to Kerosene Oil, which we will sell at the lowest market price at STUMS & ARMSTRONG'S, pov 15."mi prior Street. COAL OIL LAMPSA NEW Lot of Coal Oil Lamps just received. Voa W M. FISK GREATEST OPENED THIS DAY. Chion colliery of the PALMER MARBLE PHOTOGRAPHER Of which we are the exclusive agent. Call on us at them at A K' i E A N T ' declM N. It'J Hope nor ire t. 25 r BBLS. KIER'S CARBON OIL. The best in use. In stock at BOTTLING & ARMS' STORE. 50 BBLS. COAL OIL LAMPS. Parlor Lamp, Hand Lamps, Lamp, Lamp, Lamps, Church Lamp, Chimneys, Wicks, Brushes, Door, Ac, Ac. Switching pertaining to the Lamp trade is open ed and all kinds of stock a very low price at (Slothing. TOOK, LEVI & & TARNEU, WHOLESALE VVALES IN ALL KINDS OF READY MADE CLOTHING, No. 207 Water Street, New York. i EN"f jCEM KNra Clothes Clean- T l"0, Keiiovatlnaand Mending KstaMiahment. FaAacia Aura, Tailor, No. lu prospect street, will baraattar tWvote bis attention to cleaning, renova ting and mending Jeiillnien's rlntiuti. lie haa lacllitlea lor doing his work in the lie-tit manner. Oelilleiuen will 11, Ml It for their Interest during loose kard timea to give U r. Agar a mai. mar iSlLAS" SMITH utwii Shtrit, Stocks, Scarfs, Gloves, Hosiery, Undershirts, Drawers, Udkfs, Suspenders, Shottldrr ... . UmbrsUas, KPBt.ia.niNO Gonm,' Ojrpet Bags 11-, superior street, Pressina CLEVELAND, Ohio, Gowns Johnson House, . opposite, American House. Money Litlis 1 ortmtanies. Combs, Tooth, Zair Clothes ana Ubirtd made to ORDER and warranted to . graces. FIT LVtn.' Brushes A MEAT AaSOBTMENT F CUSTOM MAD o ci.oTIIIM). .. : RHMOVAL. A R REDING, MERCHANT .TAILOR, has removed to .. at Prospect sTroet? Kedh-ad's bio. k.a lew doora wwt of Jones Marble Factory, whore he will he pleased to see, and suit his sti cualoiaurs, aa usual, and new ones in- ".'T'L. r..i.h their own materials will find it a.Uaiitageons l.icall on him. ,,,,. nv.i sy- Particular attention y''- f ".' Clothing. . , lec4J A.R. RLD1NU. Agent. THE CAUSE OF ALL OUR X TROUBLES. ' , : ' " Now, gentle read -r, ope yonr eyas. And give me your attention, Fur 1 nave now a serious fact, I privately would mention. I have 1 think, tilt caue tound out Of all onr contry's woes. And would a simple remotiy For all ls ills propose. Read, oh! read, attentively, A bile 1 the cause relate ; YVe have an old Bachelor To guide the Ship ol Mate. Tb,?t wits a gleat oversight When he was nounpated, And U, no doubt, ths cause of a.l Tha la daily stated. Think you that a Bachelor, Who has not yet found out The way to rule a family, And show a about. Can ever guide ill salary Our glorious Ship of Mate? No man can ever do it Without a helping mate. Talk about your Cabinet, And Counsellor is rare, There's no cabinet like a loving wife, Who can lean the rabi net ware. Then take my word for what I say It never, indeed, was meant That we should have a bachelor For our President. If Buck had now a charming wife, One full of love and devotion, We should not have this civil strife And political commotion. Then, let no man be President Who has no wife at all, And does not call for Children's Clothes At ISAAC'S UNION HALL. "Winter Clothing, for Men and Boys, closing out at great Bargains, and Illinois, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, and Pennsylvania Money taken at par at ISAAC A. ISAACS' MAGNIFICENT UNION HALL, Sole Agency for the sale of Sing's Celebrated SEWING MACHINES, ALSO STAR'S AUTOMATIC PRESSMAN. Corner of Union and Superior streets. LOOK OUT FOR THAT OUSTS. STOVE & TIN WARE MANUFACTORY. W. ARMSTRONG, Manufacturer of Tin, Copper and Sheet-Iron Ware, STOVE TRIMMINGS. Stoves. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Spouting, Job Work and Repairing done. THIS STOVE EMBRACES THE ...v...,, u i.i)iiruierurt. it. Kflinainv .K.. I... .. . --v m ,i,e .n. : ;"' tr.' r""r' u,rciaciu u .. weii vaatuated by nos asa- na Irora it to the pipe rs ng ie " ' composed of a plain, rich pat- e.,'ul In Sv"" t"nJ, c'."""r'''PartUH.nt.and nd can be bought for half the money hn li,!.;. ; i , . . ' aim Louniry use, the Bra f.tr ? .,'V" - . "llru """ 'd. It is uianu- i 7. " ."-" "'"'"lueniiy "ie p ate. can be renewed when burned out. In the liltar tnuuew iliuUihcatioiM it is superior to .-tewai t s. a aiso aeep every variety ol COO K" ANTn PA DT OD OTSfT.n among which may he tound the - . . viii.i pm,v a. rJKll.l.l 4NT K PLlitlBlls UNUM, Bl-CKEYE 0TATK. WESTERN! BELLE. ' .W ELCOME, A IDA. Inxton and numerous other oVfjiralilf patterns A fill) anrlmanl ..f L'.s a. ! '. r...j Ti T , "'" iiiieB runiiiure. Iron, " ,. . .--.-., gun an tastes, at til- olwest living prices.. I. levelanu. July ia. IMtflrRln THE "DESPATCH" C00KIXG BT0VE TS THE RESULT OF MANY X" ' careful experiment and experience, and in mMt I '. led V Snnerioe 1., ... j-..V: Stove, r Its I aking. Broiling and Roasting properties, urpass ail its competitors in PgHFECTIOM, COTI!rig!tC AND EcOSOHT. Tha oven Is thoroughly ventilated with heated air by an ingenious paleut process, which caunes the bottom to be hotter than In other stoves, and a per fect eveu bake i, produced. Koasting is done before the open fire, so tha Ihe luiceaaiid flavor ol meats aud poultry are preexrved Broiling is done on the hearth over the coals drawn from tha are in tha stove. The chamber, so arranged as to secure the most perfect combustion of fuel possible. We guarantee it to be most economical in the consumption of fuel and to give satisfaction to all who desire a first-class stove, for proof of the truth of the above, we refer our friends and customers in general to the many hundreds of housekeepers in this city and surrounding country, who are daily using the stove. Call and examine for yourself; get a circular and have convinced. It is a plain, heavy, and beautiful stove, of Cleveland manufacture, and the material and the workmanship, are of the best quality and can be made to last a customer 20 years or longer. Our stock of other Cooking Stoves, both wood and coal, is the largest and best in the market. Our Parlor, Hall, and other Stoves have been selected with great care and good taste, from all the principal foundries in the country, and are of the newest and most approved styles, for wood and for bituminous and anthracite coal. Our stock of House-Furnishing Goods, Tin, Copper, and Sheet-Iron, is complete. Our fourteen years' experience in business, enables us to purchase goods cheaper and most desirable, and we will sell Cheaper than can be Bought elsewhere! All are invited to call and look for themselves at the Well-known STOVE & GRATE EMPORIUM of W. L. MARY, Bo. 42, south side Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio. GET THE BEST WATER DRAWER. THEELER'S WATER DRAWING Com rounds the admiration of every lover of Pure Water. The original Burbank with the improvements attached, makes the best and most efficient in use for draining water from a won of any depth. In other ways, can water be drained by using A.AST. as well as by using the same. It is neat in appearance and very simple in water, and not having the same quality. It recommends it solely. S. at Drawers manufactured and sold wholesale by J. WHEELER & CO, Proprietors, Hewitt's block, Vineyard at., Cleveland, Ohio. Agents wanted in every state and county. DEMING & TIFFANY, GENERAL PRODUCE CO. MECHANICS, 61 PEABODY ST., New York. BREAKFAST TO BASK AND BISCUIT WEN GEOGRAPHY, Throughout the Country. TU AKFACTITION LAUNCH. The Is I. agreeing to manage, In its language, and the most expressive words of our language, after awhile to incorporate them. The word Cephalic, which is from the log for the heart's now becoming a connection with Mr. Ashby's great head, is now becoming an connection with Mr. Ashby's great head. It will, but it will, indeed, be used in a more general and that word Cephalic will become an connection with many others which distinguish as foreign as has been worn away by common usage and they seem to have a tendency to be misunderstood. Hi ad 't ornhle 'eadacha this hafternoon, hand I stepped into the hapless cariee hand says he to hi to the men, "Can you hear me as Vadach, I hope it has, "says o. "toxexoceiniiy, hi, and upon that e gave me a Cephalic Pill, hand 'pon ma 'onor It cured me aujutca mat i aruij re aJlMd 1 'ad 'ad a'sedttciv. 1 HstADACHi is the favorite sin by whkh DatnrmakMknoni7oWU.in whatT-r Irom the natural Ut of Uie hra.u, and Tiewt-d in tin. lihrht it mi.r be hMked m am a saft -rfnard iu-nd- ed to give nKir of ttiae which Blight otherwow r.p attruUfin, till Loo Ute u Ln n-iiitdit-d; nd iu UiUu-alit'iii niioiiia never U ni(iw'fij. Jiwasiacmw ftiav b elswainod un4r two iuuh-,tik: byniptouiauc aud Idjopathic. hi DipUuialic iltaia. h l exrtl- iniy omuioii ana niw prwarsor 01 a grfati .arwiy of iim-Hsifn, amontt which are Apopiex, trout, Kheu IuiUiur and all febrile diAiWAtr. lu lie ueroua torm ii im iynipMtti-tir of df-h-aie of t n'oium b CAJiiititu ting tick hsasisxehtj of bapalio uiaaae coastiluuiiK UiUtm tUtuUiAhs, of woruus, conniiaiioD mini other dirxirders of the Uwet, as wpII aa reaaJ and uteriue all actions. Ihnea-U'S of the hwwl are very frnttnt ly atteudwd with iltaiia;hfB; A use una aud plttthuria are hIso aifctions which lmjueutly ocieion bnad arhe. Idiopathio Ueadttche IS io rtrf oomoum, huK usually Uistina'ui ihed hy thv uama of aarvoMs hetMiamhe. sometiuiv comlnr nsu4vluly in a sua tr ot apparently aoaad health and proatratiug at ouca tue tueutal aua puy sicai nunmiv, auu iu oilier in stncee it coms -m slowly, berakhxl by dpreaioD of spirits or acerhity of temper. In most instance tha pain is in tbe I runt of the head, ov-r one or both eyes, and sometimea provoking ronitibg; under this cum may also be named bmtralata. iS or the treatment of either cicuts Of Headache tha Cephaltfc Pills have ben lound sore aud safe rem edy, reiiaTiusi the most acute pai us iu i U mio- tee, and by its uitle power erad.rati&g the d see uf which Headache ia tbe auarriug mdex. Bridget, Missus, would you to tend her a box of Cephaltic Glue, no. a bottle of Piroarod Pills, but I think that's not just it unless it's neither; but perhaps you might know what it is. You may have sick headaches, and want to know what it is. Just think of Spalding's Cephaltic Pills. Just think of Spalding's Cephaltic Pills. Bridget, Och, I sure now and you've said it, here's the quarter and give me the pills and don't be all day about it at her. Complication or Costiveness. No one of the "Many ills flesh is heir to" is so prevalent, so little understood, and so much neglected as to excite anxiety, which is the precursor and companion of many of the most fatal and dangerous diseases, and unless early eradicated it will bring the sufferer to an untimely grave. Among the lighter evils of which correspondence is the usual attendant are Headache, Colic, Rheumatism, Toothache, rashes and ulcers of like nature, while a long train of morbid symptoms such as indigestion, Apoplexy, Dyspepsia, and Insanity, first to the point of death, and immediately to the cause is eradicated by the use of Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery. Early study. From all these considerations it follows that the disorder should receive immediate attention whenever it occurs, and no person should neglect to get a box of Cephalic Pills the first appearance of the complaint, as their timely use will dispel the indigestion, and destroy this dangerous complaint. A Real Blessing. Physician, Well, Mrs. Jones, how is that headache? Dr. Jones. Gone to Doctor, I am gone! The pill you sent cured me instantly two minutes, and I wish you would send more so that I can have them many. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Call for Cephalic Pills, I find they never fail, and I recommend them to the public. Alr. John sbail seud for a box directly, and shall tell all my suffering friends, for they are a real blessing. Twenty Millions of Dollar Sat. "Ajax has sold two millions of bottles of beer," said Mr. B. -o U.-r 1..n 'A lli.rj T-it'VI I... celebrated, attesting an apple or twenty each bottle as. "Auied Irom total loss by this season, the made high-quality a house-building dollar. The world at all valuable invention. Have -hU beads with hold word, he now proposes to work as his greater service by curing all the ac. L,y in his Cphilic Pills, and if they are a Clue, Headaches will soon vanish away like a day. Satisfaction, and the mental care and anxiety incident to close attention to business or study, are among the numerous causes of Nervous Headache. The disordered state of mind and body incident to this disturbing complaint is a late show to all energy and ambition. Suffer by this disorder can always charm speedy relief from these disordered attacks by using one of the Cephaltic Pills whenever the symptoms are near. Overtasked brain, and soothes the strained and jarring nerves, and relaxes the tension of the stomach which also accompanies and aggravates the disorder-dened condition of the brain. Fact WORTH KNOWING. Spalding's Cephalic Pills are a certain cure for Sick Heartache, Bilious Headache, Nervous Headache, Constipation and General Debility.
| 10,585 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30266496
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,015 |
Stack Exchange
|
Alex Zwijnenburg, Marc B, https://stackoverflow.com/users/118068, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4901578
|
English
|
Spoken
| 406 | 726 |
Event on second and third click
I'm currently in the process of making a website for my band, and one idea I had was that on a specific page, you would see a picture of each band member, and when you hover over it with your mouse the picture would change and you would hear that band member saying something, then when you click on them, they say something else and you'll be redirected to their page.
This alone isn't a problem, but for one member, I want it to take three clicks before you actually get redirected to his page; I also want him to say something different at each click.
So what I'm basically looking for is a way to create different events on the first, second and third click (preferably using javascript).
I hope you guys can help me out, thanks in advance!
var click=0; function click_handler() { if (click < 3) { click++; return) } else { do stuff }
Just use variable to count clicks:
var count = 0
$(".test").click(function() {
count++;
if(count == 1) {
$(".test").text("first");
}else if(count == 2){
$(".test").text("second");
}else if(count == 3){
$(".test").text("third");
count = 0;
}
})
http://jsfiddle.net/x83bf1gq/4/
An option could be to create an onclick handler that keeps saying things until all texts in an array of texts are said. Once all the texts have been said, you can just redirect or whatever action you need to be done. Example:
var johnTexts = [
'hello',
'how are you doing',
'come on'
];
var jamesTexts = [
'ready',
'go'
];
var sayTexts = function (texts) {
var i = 0;
return function () {
if (i < texts.length) {
alert(texts[i++]);
} else {
alert('do your redirect or whatever you need');
}
};
}
document.getElementById('john').onclick = sayTexts(johnTexts);
document.getElementById('james').onclick = sayTexts(jamesTexts);
See demo
Simply set an event listener that makes different actions based on a global counter of clicks.
Check this fragment of code:
//set counter
var counter = 0;
var component = document.getElementByID("ID-of-component");
component.addEventListener('mouseover', function(){
//do something
});
component.addEventListener('click', function() {
switch(++counter) {
case 1: /* do something */ break;
case 2: /* do something */ break;
case 3: /* do something */ break;
}
counter = 0; //reset counter
});
Obviously, you have to write this code for each component of your band.
I had to modify it a little bit, but I did end up using this and it worked.
Thanks for your help :)
| 25,187 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104761291
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 66 | 148 |
Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc
Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc Google Knowledge Graph ID /g/11n59jhld1
Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc Commons category Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc
Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc
Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc Google-Knowledge-Graph-Kennung /g/11n59jhld1
Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc Commons-Kategorie Tramway de Usine a Platres de Champblanc
| 20,434 |
https://github.com/jweaver/artifactory_ssh_proxy/blob/master/src/test/java/com/yahoo/sshd/utils/streams/TestMessageOutputStream.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,019 |
artifactory_ssh_proxy
|
jweaver
|
Java
|
Code
| 355 | 1,115 |
/*
* Copyright 2014 Yahoo! Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
* an AS IS BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
*/
package com.yahoo.sshd.utils.streams;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import com.yahoo.sshd.server.shell.SshProxyMessage;
import com.yahoo.sshd.utils.streams.StreamsUtils.ReadType;
@Test(groups = "unit")
public class TestMessageOutputStream {
private static final byte[] bytes = SshProxyMessage.MESSAGE_STRING.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
@SuppressWarnings("boxing")
@DataProvider
public Object[][] reads() {
Object[][] types = StreamsUtils.types();
List<Object[]> ret = new ArrayList<>();
// read max, small and medium
for (int i : new int[] {-1, 10, 100}) {
for (Object[] params : types) {
//
ret.add(new Object[] {params[0], i});
}
}
return ret.toArray(new Object[][] {});
}
@Test(dataProvider = "reads")
public void runReadsTests(ReadType readType, int readSize) throws IOException {
final int totalLength = bytes.length;
byte[] payload = new byte[totalLength];
try (MessageOutputStream payloadInputStream = new MessageOutputStream(SshProxyMessage.MESSAGE_STRING)) {
int length = totalLength;
int ofs = 0;
Assert.assertEquals(StreamsUtils.readHelper(readType, 0, new byte[] {}, payloadInputStream, ofs), 0);
while (length > 0) {
if (readSize < 0) {
readSize = length;
}
int len = 0;
len = StreamsUtils.readHelper(readType, readSize, payload, payloadInputStream, ofs);
length -= len;
ofs += len;
}
Assert.assertEquals(length, 0);
Assert.assertEquals(payload, bytes);
}
}
@Test
public void testMiscFunctions() throws IOException {
try (MessageOutputStream lbis = new MessageOutputStream(SshProxyMessage.MESSAGE_STRING)) {
int index = 0;
Assert.assertTrue(lbis.markSupported());
lbis.mark(10);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), bytes[index++]);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.available(), bytes.length - 1);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), bytes[index++]);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.skip(1), bytes.length - index - 1);
index++;
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), bytes[index++]);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), bytes[index++]);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.skip(bytes.length - index), 0);
index = bytes.length;
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), -1);
lbis.reset();
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), bytes[i]);
}
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), -1);
lbis.reset();
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.skip(bytes.length), 0);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), -1);
lbis.reset();
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.skip(bytes.length * 2), 0);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(), -1);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0}), -1);
Assert.assertEquals(lbis.read(new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0}, 0, 5), -1);
}
}
}
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| 3,314 | 5,982 |
Las violaciones a los derechos humanos de las personas solicitadas en extradición no son casos aislados en Colombia, son repetitivos y
como muestra del vapuleo a las garantías fundamentales tenemos algunos de ellos:
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Summa Iuris | Vol. 6 | No. 1 | enero-junio | 2018
Conceptos básicos y prácticos de la extradición en el derecho penal colombiano: en la búsqueda
de cimentar un tratado de aplicación general y con fundamento en los derechos humanos
Basic and practical concepts of the extradition under Colombian criminal law: in search of
cementing a treaty of general application and basis in Human rights
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
CASO CONSUEGRA
Padre e hijo, Gabriel Consuegra Martínez y Gabriel Jr., eran personas de
escasos recursos económicos, de linajes campesinos y oriundos del corregimiento de la Unión, en zona rural del municipio de Pinillos, Bolívar.
Dedicados a la venta, al menudeo o por unidades de plátanos en la plaza
de mercado de la ciudad de Barranquilla, y Junior, además, se dedicaba a
estudiar una técnica como enfermero. Estos hombres vivían en el barrio
Villanueva, un sector subnormal ubicado junto al caño arriba en las cercanías del mercado (Guarnizo, 2014).
Todo cambió el día 12 de junio del año 2005 cuando, siendo las 5:30 de
la mañana, un grupo de hombres del desaparecido Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad (DAS), en cumplimiento de una orden judicial, los
capturan por narcotraficantes solicitados en extradición por los Estados
Unidos de América, en desarrollo de una acción de carácter internacional denominada “Operación Mallorca”, en la cual privaron de la libertad
a unas 81 personas en Estados Unidos, Canadá, República Dominicana,
Curazao y Colombia. En el operativo confiscaron 7,2 millones de dólares,
y en la casa Consuegra hallaron: barro, agua estancada, un baño letrina,
tejas de “Eternit” sin cielo raso y los vestigios de la brecha enorme de
desigualdad social y pobreza que vive este país sudamericano (Corte
Suprema de Justicia, 2006a).
Los Consuegra fueron llevados a la Cárcel de Cómbita, Boyacá. Allí
permanecieron 16 meses, para posteriormente ser entregados a la DEA,
quien los presentó a la Corte Distrital de los Estados Unidos para el Distrito Sur de Nueva York, acusados mediante el indictment No. S1 05 Cr.
56, dictada el 14 de abril de 2005, bajo los cargos de concierto para
distribuir e importar cocaína, y en el caso del padre, de ser el titular de
varias cuentas bancarias en diversos países de la cuenca del Caribe que
eran utilizadas para lavar activos procedentes del negocio del narcotráfico en participación con su hijo desde Colombia. La judicatura norteamericana los mandó a la Cárcel Federal de Nueva York durante 2 años y
3 meses (Guarnizo, 2014).
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Eduardo Manrique Molina
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
A los hombres de la familia Consuegra les asignaron abogados de
oficio, quienes les recomendaron que preacordaran con la Fiscalía y se
allanaran a cargos mínimos, recibiendo de condena el tiempo que ya habían estado privados de la libertad, lo cual sería mucho menos que lo
que tendrían que pagar si afrontaban todo el juicio. Desesperados y sin
tener con qué cancelar los altos honorarios de un litigante particular, se
declararon responsables. El 29 de noviembre de 2007 les llegó la libertad, enviándolos a las oficinas de Inmigración en donde pasaron varios
días antes de ser deportados a Colombia, llegando a Bogotá y teniendo
que pasar por varias penurias para poder llegar a Barranquilla (Guarnizo,
2014).
CASO MARLON GUERRERO ROMÁN
Este caso es de hechos muy parecidos a los anteriores, dado que el sujeto activo es una persona humilde de una comunidad pobre de Cartagena.
Su oficio conductor de taxi (no propio), con esposa e hijos. Guerrero fue
privado de la libertad el 9 de diciembre de 2005 bajo cargos de ser uno
de los integrantes de una red internacional para introducir cocaína a los
Estados Unidos de América. El capturado fue llevado inicialmente la Cárcel de máxima seguridad de Cómbita, Boyacá, donde pasó once meses,
para luego ser extraditado a Estados Unidos y comparecer por el tráfico
de toneladas de cocaína ante los Tribunales de los Distritos de la Florida,
Columbia y Nueva York (Corte Suprema de Justicia, 2006).
El cargo base, que es el de conspiración, nace de que este cartagenero transportaba información en sobres sellados, los cuales contenían
el movimiento de los barcos en las costas de Colombia. En las pruebas
de estos hechos fácticos no se encontró certeza. Sin embargo, sin recursos económicos y tiempo para afrontar un juicio justo, y luego de permanecer 23 meses en una cárcel de Estados Unidos, decide pre acordar
con la Fiscalía y declararse culpable de un cargo menor para recobrar su
libertad (Guarnizo, 2014).
122
Summa Iuris | Vol. 6 | No. 1 | enero-junio | 2018
Conceptos básicos y prácticos de la extradición en el derecho penal colombiano: en la búsqueda
de cimentar un tratado de aplicación general y con fundamento en los derechos humanos
Basic and practical concepts of the extradition under Colombian criminal law: in search of
cementing a treaty of general application and basis in Human rights
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
Ariel Josué Martínez
Un hombre de orígenes campesinos dedicado a la carpintería en el Departamento de Caquetá, municipio del Caguán. Resultó siendo solicitado
en extradición por la corte del distrito sur de Florida de los Estados Unidos. El indictment No. 13-20556-CR-UNGARO/TORRES, dictada el 30 de
julio de 2013, por el delito de conspiración para el blanqueo de capitales
producto del narcotráfico a través de cuentas bancarias movidas a través de medios electrónicos en los años 2008 y 2009 (Corte Suprema de
Justicia, 2014a).
Martínez fue capturado y llevado al patio de extraditables de la cárcel
La Picota en la ciudad de Bogotá, donde estuvo medio año privado de la
libertad mientras su defensa solicitara en repetidas oportunidades pruebas que le fueron negadas mediante interlocutorio CSJ AP3938 – 2014
del 16 de julio del 2014. El abogado dirigió sus solicitudes hacia la Corte
en los Estados Unidos para la revisión una y otra vez de las pruebas, lo
que al final se hizo, arrojando el resultado de un error judicial: no era
Ariel Josué Martínez el solicitado. La embajada de los Estados Unidos
le envió a la Fiscalía colombiana una notificación de retirar el pedido de
extradición. Sin embargo, la Corte Suprema de Justicia ya había emitido
concepto favorable CP141-2014, bajo Radicación No. 43.825, Acta No.
261 del 13 de agosto de 2014, y el Presidente de la República ya había
firmado la extradición.
Caso Carlos Antonio Ortega
Capitán de aviación, capturado el primero de septiembre de 2011 por
los delitos conspiración –cargo que encuentra equivalencia en Colombia en el concierto para delinquir–, así mismo, por el delito de tráfico,
fabricación o porte de estupefacientes, contenidos en el indictment No.
10-20798-CR-COOKE(s), de la Corte del Distrito Sur de Florida, fechado el
7 de junio de 2011 (Corte Suprema de Justicia, 2012). La Corte Suprema
de Justicia colombiana avaló la extradición y el 28 de junio de 2012 fue
entregado a los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, tan solo al 31 de agosto
de ese año fue dejado en libertad tras haber demostrado que el benefi-
123
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Eduardo Manrique Molina
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
ciario del derecho de delación y colaboración (principio de oportunidad)
mentía para obtener la rebaja de pena correspondiente; pero ya había
perdido un año de su vida en la cárcel (Guarnizo, 2014).
Nelson Vargas Rueda
Campesino colombiano capturado en el año 2000 y preso en la penitenciaria de máxima seguridad de Combita Boyacá por 30 meses. Fue extraditado en mayo del 2003 como responsable del asesinato de los indigenistas Larry Gay, Ingrid Washinawatok y Terence Freitas, ocurrido el 4 de
marzo de 1999. Estos tres estadounidenses fueron asesinados realmente por Carlos Julio Ávila, alias el ‘Marrano’, guerrillero de las FARC. El 28
de julio de 2004, Nelson Vargas Rueda recuperó su libertad en Estados
Unidos, por falta de pruebas de cara a la identidad. En mayo del 2008,
el ejército colombiano dio de baja en combate a Carlos Julio Ávila, el
verdadero “El Marrano”, y guerrillero de las FARC (Revista Semana, 2009).
CONCLUSIONES
La extradición en Colombia carece de regulación mediante un tratado
internacional que vele por el respeto a los derechos humanos y garantías
fundamentales. Se hace necesario, entonces, tener más rigurosidad no
solo en el análisis de la solicitud de la extradición, sino en el análisis que
se hace de esta por parte de todos los intervinientes.
De esta manera, la oficina jurídica del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y el Ministerio de Justicia deben encargarse de la revisión pormenorizada de los documentos que se exigen por la ley y que soportan
las solicitudes que se formulan por parte de los gobiernos extranjeros,
por conducto de sus embajadas en Colombia, con miras a la detención
preventiva con fines de extradición de una persona: ciudadano colombiano o residentes en el país. Es decir, la revisión de que se anexen los
elementos exigidos por la normativa en el tema y que estos cuenten con
su validez formal.
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Conceptos básicos y prácticos de la extradición en el derecho penal colombiano: en la búsqueda
de cimentar un tratado de aplicación general y con fundamento en los derechos humanos
Basic and practical concepts of the extradition under Colombian criminal law: in search of
cementing a treaty of general application and basis in Human rights
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
A su vez, la Corte Suprema de Justicia debe cumplir con su papel de
organismo judicial y no convertirse en otro revisor documental similar a
los dos anteriores, de cara a la magistratura. Primero, debe velar por un
debido proceso y por los principios que le son propios a esta figura jurídica de cooperación entre los pueblos. Segundo, debe hacer un análisis de
los elementos de prueba que soportan la solicitud, teniéndose claro que
la extradición es un procedimiento y no un proceso que implica llevar a
cabo en Colombia el juzgamiento, buscando que las pruebas sean claras,
precisas, lógicas y razonables, que den conocimiento de circunstancias
y aspectos tan básicos y necesarios como la plena identidad del solicitado, su intervención en los hechos materia del delito y la infracción al
bien jurídicamente tutelado.
Lo anterior alude a que a las pruebas allegadas no se les debe permitir por parte de la Corte Suprema estar fundamentadas en conjeturas,
declaraciones juramentadas de policías infiltrados que no vieron o compartieron con la persona requerida, es decir, imposibilitados para identificar al solicitado; declaraciones del fiscal, de unos informes que no
lo identifican o establecen en el lugar de los hechos materialmente. Así
entonces, se tendría por cierto que las autoridades judiciales extranjeras
efectuaron una investigación integral, lo favorable y desfavorable para el
implicado.
Lo anterior implica que el papel de la Corte es el de revisar jurídicamente la acusación, verificando que se guarde estrecha relación entre los
hechos suministrados y los delitos o su equivalencia en los contenidos
en el código penal colombiano; además de estar plenamente determinada y delimitada en las conductas punibles, dado que no se pueden tolerar
en las sumarias que soportan este tipo de solicitudes que la argumentación fáctica sea pobre, deficiente y estabilizada en hechos superfluos.
Además, se deben verificar la claridad, el detalle y la certeza de la
plena identificación del acusado, que no solo consiste en un documento de identidad, y que de no contarse con ella es necesario disponer
de las pruebas solicitadas, pues, de lo contrario, se generan dudas que
desembocarían en equívocos de identidad que pueden reprochar y hacer
125
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Rodrigo Orlando Osorio Montoya, Omar Huertas Díaz, Filiberto
Eduardo Manrique Molina
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
inaceptables las acusaciones en blanco o con grado de indeterminación.
En conclusión, tener estrictos controles en la identificación de la persona
requerida.
Por otra parte, las personas capturadas con fines de extradición no
son llevadas ante un juez de control de garantías que avale la captura,
lo que limita desde el principio su derecho de defensa, situación que
se agrava cuando el ente jurisdiccional tampoco ejerce control material
sobre la idoneidad y suficiencia del material probatorio aportado para
concluir que se ofendió o se hizo daño a otro Estado o a los suyos con
la transgresión efectiva a un precepto penal, como sí debiera hacerse,
teniendo en cuenta los principios y los análisis de las pruebas con que
cuenta el Estado requirente.
Así las cosas, indudablemente en Colombia no se cuenta con una
legislación clara en el tema de extradición, haciéndose en cada proceso
de este tipo la violación generalizada y sistemática a los derechos humanos; y más teniéndose en cuenta los innumerables casos absurdos
de personas inocentes detenidas por años, arrancadas de sus familias,
de sus trabajos, de sus vidas, que son condenadas por hechos por los
cuales no fueron solicitadas, que se prueba por el otro estamento que no
eran las requeridas, y a aquellas otras que se llevan y no se les hace un
control posterior de los condicionamientos, pues son olvidados como si
dejasen de ser personas. Por ello se hace necesario, con urgencia, una
legislación que desarrolle un procedimiento que se funde en principios,
garantías, derechos humanos y jurisprudencia nacional e internacional
en la materia.
Las consideraciones en la materia están contrapuestas de cara a la
existencia de una regulación actual vigente. Unos juristas opinan que la
materia está regulada por medio del estatuto procedimental penal, mientras que otros consideran que el tratado internacional con EEUU suscrito
el 14 de septiembre de 1979 está vigente, dado que las partes no lo han
dado por terminado y menos aún se tiene uno nuevo; sin embargo, la
primera legislación es norma regla, carente de regulación de cara a la
protección de garantías fundamentales, principios y derecho humanos,
y la segunda carece de ratificación, lo cual impide que se incorpore al
126
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Conceptos básicos y prácticos de la extradición en el derecho penal colombiano: en la búsqueda
de cimentar un tratado de aplicación general y con fundamento en los derechos humanos
Basic and practical concepts of the extradition under Colombian criminal law: in search of
cementing a treaty of general application and basis in Human rights
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, pues las leyes 27 y 68 de los años
1980 y 1986, respectivamente, fueron declaradas inexequibles por vicios
de forma. Así las cosas, los colombianos están regulados en materia
de extradición básicamente por los artículos 490, 493, 495 y 502 de la
Ley 906 de 2004 y estando expuestos a la vulneración de sus mínimos
derechos como seres humanos, haciéndose imperioso la regulación inmediata de la extradición, la revisión de la normativa internacional para
actualización y/o la expedición de una normativa que incorpore de nuevo
los tratados internacionales en la materia a la legislación interna (Corte
Suprema de Justicia, 2017).
CONFLICTO DE INTERESES
Los autores declaran la inexistencia de conflicto de interés con institución o asociación comercial de cualquier índole. Asimismo, la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó no se hace responsable por el manejo de los
derechos de autor que los autores hagan en sus artículos, por tanto, la
veracidad y completitud de las citas y referencias son responsabilidad
de los autores.
REFERENCIAS
Asamblea Nacional Constituyente. (1991). Constitución Política de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: Legis.
Castro, J. (2016). ¿Referendo o plebiscito? Bogotá, Colombia: Ámbito Jurídico.
Cobos, l. (1979). La otra cara del problema: la extradición. Revista de la
Facultad de Derecho, 56, 167-206.
127
Summa Iuris | Vol. 6 | No. 1 | enero-junio | 2018
Rodrigo Orlando Osorio Montoya, Omar Huertas Díaz, Filiberto
Eduardo Manrique Molina
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH). (2013). Reglamento de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos. Recuperado de
http://www.oas.org/es/cidh/mandato/Basicos/reglamentoCIDH.
asp.
Congreso de la República de Colombia. (2011). Ley 1453. Por medio de
la cual se reforma el Código Penal, el Código de Procedimiento
Penal, el Código de Infancia y Adolescencia, las reglas sobre extinción de dominio y se dictan otras disposiciones en materia de
seguridad. Bogotá, Colombia: Legis.
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penal, Ley 906 de 2004. Bogotá, Colombia: Legis.
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de Colombia. [M. P. Alfredo Beltrán Sierra].
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Colombia. [M. P. Clara Inés Vargas Hernández].
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2002). Sentencia C-763/09. República de Colombia. [M. P. J. Araujo].
Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2002a). Sentencia SU.110/02. República de Colombia. [M. P. Rodrigo Escobar Gil].
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de Colombia. [M. P. Marco Gerardo Monroy Cabra].
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Corte Constitucional de Colombia. (2009a). Sentencia C-893/09. República de Colombia. [M. P. Mauricio González Cuervo].
128
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Conceptos básicos y prácticos de la extradición en el derecho penal colombiano: en la búsqueda
de cimentar un tratado de aplicación general y con fundamento en los derechos humanos
Basic and practical concepts of the extradition under Colombian criminal law: in search of
cementing a treaty of general application and basis in Human rights
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
Corte Suprema de Justicia. (2006). Sentencia de Corte Suprema de Justicia–Sala de Casación Penal nº 25076 de 16 de mayo de 2006.
República de Colombia. [M. P. Sigifredo Espinoza Pérez].
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(Caso Gabriel Consuegra). República de Colombia. [M. P. J Zapata].
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2010. Sala Penal. República de Colombia. [M. P. José Leonidas
Bustos Martínez].
Corte Suprema de Justicia (2012). Sentencia de Corte Suprema de Justicia–Sala de Casación Laboral nº T 37824 de 24 de septiembre de
2014 (Caso Ariel Josué Martínez). República de Colombia. [M. P.
González].
Corte Suprema de Justicia. (2014). CP047-2014/Radicación n° 42119.
Sala de Casación Penal. República de Colombia. [M. P. María del
Rosario González Muñoz].
Corte Suprema de Justicia. (2014a). Concepto de Corte Suprema de Justicia–Sala de Casación Penal C.P.141-2014 del 13 de agosto de
2014. República de Colombia. [M. P. Patricia Salazar Cuéllar].
Corte Suprema de Justicia. (2017). C.P.132- 2017. Sala Penal. República
de Colombia. [M. P. P. Salazar].
Fernández, C. (2007). Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos.
Madrid, España: Editorial Dilex.
Fiore, P. (1880). Tratado de derecho penal internacional y de la extradición. Madrid, España: Imprenta de la Revista de Legislación.
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Eduardo Manrique Molina
https://doi.org/10.21501/23394536.3106
González, R. (2004). Extradición en Derecho Internacional. Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas. Serie H Estudios de Derecho Internacional Público. 24, 1-478.
Guarnizo, J. (2014). Extraditados por error. Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial
Planeta.
Ministerio de Justicia de Colombia. (1970). Decreto 2019. por el cual se
hacen unas modificaciones y correcciones al Código de Procedimiento Civil, expedido mediante el Decreto-ley número 1400 de
1970. Bogotá, Colombia: Legis.
Monroy, M. (1987). Régimen jurídico de la extradición. Bogotá, Colombia:
Editorial Temis.
Monroy, M. (2011). Derecho penal internacional. Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial Temis.
Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU). (1966). Pacto Internacional de
Derechos Civiles y Políticos. Nueva York, EE.UU.: ONU. Recuperado de https://www.ohchr.org/sp/professionalinterest/pages/
ccpr.aspx.
Osorio, R. (2015). Derecho penal internacional. Bogotá: Colombia: Ed.
Leyer.
Presidencia de la República. (1970). Decreto 1400 de 1970. Bogotá, Colombia: Legis.
Revista Semana. Extraditados por error. Revista Semana. Recuperado
de
http://www.semana.com/enfoque/articulo/extraditadoserror/108787-3.
Velásquez, F. (2004). Manual de derecho penal, parte general. Bogotá,
Colombia: Editorial Temis.
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
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None
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None
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German
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* • 189 A SWuE 17 % 19 Nr. 81. Samstag , den 21. März 1840. Geneigte Bestellungen auf die „ Kölnische Zeitung “ für das mit dem 1. Sgr. ( Stempel und Traggeld einbegriffen ) , auswärts bei allen königl. pre Apeil beginnende zweite Qugital d. J. 1840 wolle man baldigst machen ; der Abonnements = Preis beträgt : in Köln 1 Thlr. 12½ greuß. Pest = und Postwärterämtern ( so wie bei der Expedition in Aachen ) 1 Thlr. 20 Sgr. portofrei ( Stempel einbegriffen ). Inland. F Berlin , 15. März. Die Carnevalsfeste , welche unlängst * * Sr. k. H. dem Prinzen Wilhelm , so wie in dem Casino zu Potsdam Statt fanden , und von denen die Zeitungen so Glän zendes berichteten , haben den Beifall Sr. k. H. des Kronprinzen solchem Grade erregt , daß derselbe beschlossen hat , eine Wie Eerholung beider zu bewirken , und zu dem Ende am 24. d. M. iin großes Hoffest im Concertsaal des königl. Schauspielhauses en veranstalten. — Der neue Lectionscatalog der berliner Uni Fresttät bietet ein sehr anregendes Interesse dar. Schönlein # is darin mit zwei Vorlesungen über Klinik und Pathologie ver Eichnet , und diese werden unsrer medicinischen Facultät zwei selsohne einen neuen Glanz verleihen. Gans ' , des zu früh Ver skorbenen , Stelle ist noch immer unbesetzt , und wird es auch schwerlich werden , dafür sehe jedoch Jüngere danach streben , die entstandene Lücke auszufüllen. So finden wir einen neuen Do centen der juristischen Facultät , Heydemansn , der ein Freund und Schüler von Gans war , mit einer Vorlesung über das preußische Landrecht , und Doenniges , der zwischen der Ran ke ' schen und der Hegel ' schen Schule die Mitte zu halten scheint , kündigt seine öffentliche Vorlesung über die Geschichte der fran zösischen Revolution an ; auch Ferdinand Müller , ein Schü ler Wegel ' s und Carl Ritter ' s , ein sehr tüchtigerHistoriker und Geograph , hat sich gleichfalls entschlossen , über die neueste Zeit zu lesen. Hr. v. Henning , der bekannte Hegelianer , liest Na kürrecht in Verbindung mit der Universalrechtsgeschichte ganz so wie Gans. — Das Gerücht , welches unlängst einige Zeitungen mittheilten , daß Stahl , Professor in Erlangen , an Gaus Stelle berufen werden würde , ist völlig ungegründet ; wer nur einmal in Stahl ' s Naturrecht geblickt hat , wird fest davon überzeugt sein , daß die reactionäre Richtung dieses Neo = Schellingianismus un vereinbar ist mit der freien Rechtsanschauung , welche die in Preu pen schon seit Friedrich d. G. heimische Philosophie begründet 94t. Neuerdings hat Stahl ferner ein „ protestantisches Kirchen herausgegeben , welches , indem es sich wesentlich dem Pie Emus anschließt , noch weniger gemacht ist , ihm in Preußen Ein Zung zu verschaffen. Der historischen Schule wäre freilich Stahl sochst willkommen , denn er würde ihnen trefflich mit seiner Af * er = Philosophie zur Folie dienen , allein die Zeit der historischen Schule ist längst vorüber , und mit Saviguy wird ihre Bedeut nkeit bald gänzlich erlöschen. Das Verhältniß , das zweschen Lans und Savigny obwaltete , wird nächstens durch einen zwie hen beiden gewechselten Briefwechsel in das rechte Licc # gesetzt verden. — In den hiesigen Literatenkreisen erregt die Au Lesenheit des jungen , talentvollen Dichters Matzerath aus Lunich ein sehr lebendiges Interesse. Man findet in ihm die Eigenschaften , welche man bei den Schriftstellern der sogenannten so wesentlich vermißt , die freie Offenheit eines tännlich strebsamen von der Vielseitigkeit seine Bedeutendes. Deutschland. Haunover , 14. März. Wie richtig der Magistrat der Re Wdenz seine und der Stadt Stellung und Verhältniß zum Lan ' sherrn aufzufassen weiß , zeigt das von ihm kürzlich — und , die man sagt , auf den Wunsch des Stadtdirectors — gemachte merbieten , von den mehren Hundert fremden Officieren , welche r Feier des Officier = Jubiläums Sr. Maj. hieher kommen , und eeren Unterbringung große Schwierigkeiten machen würde , eine ( Leutende Anzahl — wie man sagt , 150 — auf Kosten der Stadt einzuquartieren. Se. Maj. soll dies Anerbieten höchst gnä I an = und aufgenommen haben. Gestern ist auch die Bestätt gung der Senatorenwahl , von deren Verwerfung man halb und halb schon unterrichtet sein wollte , erfolgt. Der von der Stadt Göttingen zum Deputirten Gewählte hat , dem vielfach geäu ßerten Wunsche zu genügen , sich zur Annahme der Wahl bereit erklärt , dem Vernehmen nach jedoch unter Bedingungen , welche andererseits nicht genehm gehalten werden möchten , und woraus es sich erklären ließe , daß diese Wahl bisher von der „ Hannov. Zeitung “ noch nicht verkündigt worden ist. ( K. A. ) Hannover , 17. März. S. Mäj. unser König war am 17. März 1790 in die hannoversche Armee eingetreten. Am heutigen Tage gehört Allerhöchstderselbe also dem Militärstande und dem vaterländischen Heere fünfzig Jahre an. Dieser festliche Tag mußte in dem ganzen Lande , vorzüglich aber bei der Armee , freu dige Theilnahme finden. Schon Morgens in aller Frühe waren daher vor dem königlichen Palais Blumen gestreut , und dasselbe mit festlichen Blumengewinden geschmückt. Um 8 Uhr wurde S. M. dem Könige vor dem Palais von einem Chor militärischer Sänger im Beisein S. k. H. des Kronprinzen und einer großen Anzahl Officiere ein kräftiger Morgengesang gebracht , der durch mehrmaligen Jubelruf unterbrochen wurde. Am Vormittage über reichte der k. preuß. Gesandte am hiesigen Hofe , General = Major von Kanitz , ein besonderes Beglückwünschungs = Schreiben S. M. des Königs von Preußen , und eine Deputation des k. preuß. dritten Husaren = Regimentes , dessen Chef S. M. der König ist , überbrachte dessen Huldigungen. Um 12 Uhr war große Parade über die hier in Garnison liegenden Truppen , wobei S. M. der König trotz der fünfzig Dienstjahre mit Ihrer gewöhnlichen Le benskraft zu Pferde erschienen. Auch I. M. die Königin hatte dieselbe mit Ihrer Gegenwart beehrt. Nach der Parade nahmen S. M. im Palais die Glückwünsche des diplomatischen Corps , der Herren Minister und der obersten Staatsbehörden entgegen. Um 4 Uhr fand große militärische Cour im Schlosse Statt. Das Officier = Corps der gesammten Armee hatte eine schöne silberne Reiterstatue des Königs aufertigen lassen , um sie S. Maj. an dem heutigen Tage als ein Zeichen der innigsten Theilnahme , des wärmsten Dankes und der treuesten Anhänglichkeit zu ver ehren. Es war zu diesem Zwecke eine besondere Deputation des gesammten Officier = Corps ernannt worden. Als I. Maj. in die Versammlung traten , führten I. M. die Königin S. M. den König zu der daselbst aufgestellten Statue , und baten im Namen der Armee , um die gnädige Annahme derselben. S. k. Hoh. der Kronprinz sprachen dabei die Gefühle der Armee an diesem Tage aus. S. M. der König geruhten das Geschenk freundlichst ent gegen zu nehmen. Nach der Cour war große Tafel im Schlosse von 500 Gedecken , zu der sämmtliche anwesende Officiere zuge zogen wurden. Heute Abend findet noch großer Zapfenstreich vor dem Schlosse Statt. Die Feier dieses ersten Tages wird mit Illumination und Feuerwerk auf dem Waterlooplatze beschlossen werden. ) — Se. königl. Maz. haben allergnavigst geruht , dem königl. preuß , außerordentlichen Abgesandten und bevollmächtigten Mi nister , General = Major Freiherrn von Canitz , das Großkrenz ; sodann dem königl. preuß. Rittmeister Hasforth , dem königl. preuß. Premier = Lieutenant von Griesheim und dem königl. preuß. Premier = Lieutenant Flies , vom 3. königl. preuß. Husaren = Regi ment König von Hannover , das Ritterkrenz des Guelphen = Or dens zu verleihen. — Se. Maj. haben allergnädigst geruht , unter heutigem Dato mehre Ernennungen in der Armee zu verfügen. Celle , 14. März. In Meinersen hat heute das Wahl = Colle gium des dritten lüneburger Wahldistricts die Vornahme einer Deputirtenwahl mit 13 gegen 6 Stimmen abgelehnt. Die Mi Ein periser Carneval. ( Forts. S. Nr. 80 d. Bl. ) Die heiß ersehnte Saison des Carnevals war da , die Sehnsucht des 200zlustigen Paris sollte gestillt werden , und wirklich war nach dem er Januar die ganze Stadt auf den Beinen , um dem deutschen Wal der damals eben so sehr Liebling aller Tänzer und Tänzerinnen , toi # # nige Jahre später die Galoppade , ihr Opfer zu bringen. Das la nische Quartier tanzte an den westlichen Barrieren , in den so genann Chaumieres , wo die Studenten gewöhnlich Tonangeber sind , und Sch , zicht die feinsten , so daß es gar nicht erbauen würde , wollte ich den. # # ier von ihrem Treiben und Leben mit den Grisetten und ähnlichen unden nur in etwa lüften , zeigen , wie sehr viele der jungen Leute besonders Studenten der Medicin , im schmutzigsten Cpnismus schlos. ) “ “ , so daß sie von der bessern Gesellschaft , wie Parias , ausge sind. Die Handwerksburschen und die niedern Classe der Ge der g benden feierten ihre Tanzgelage an den östlichen Barrieren , und die # # nntag = Abend verschlang hier gewöhnlich , was der Hände Fleiß Ba1 8oche hindurch verdient hatte , während die Poissarden , Forts de la lärm # # # Seine = Arbeiter an der Barriere von Passy schwärmten und selbg “ “ und schlechte Weißfische mit Strömen Weins hinunterfluteten ; nach “ Auvergnarden und Savoyarden hatten ihre Winkel , wo sie führtgg Klange der Leier und Triangel ihre heimatlichen Tänze auf und Kummer und Elend des Augenblicks vergaßen ; denn der einen * Landsleute , die sich als Commissionäre oder Fruitiers schon leiche gebildet , belebt die , diesen rüstigen Söhnen der Natur so junge Käug # # Höffnung. Die Elite der Ladendiener , Comptoiristen und der # nistler hatten ihre eigenen Bälle , wo meist mit allem Anstande Lerpspchore gehuldigt wurde. und eniungen zu den Abendgesellschaften der reichsten Kaufleute vornehmsten Banquiers schlossen jetzt alle mit dem Zusase : “ s die Mode , so piese Gage , Vi0lon , und nach engischer Sitte wolle Aurch das Gedränge wind. Zu laden , daß man sich in den Sälen kaum winden konnte , um zum Ehrenplatze der Dame des ises zu gelangen , und nicht selten Viele , wegen Mangels an Raum , wieder umkehren mußten. Einer suchte hier den Andern an Eleganz und Pracht der Ausstattung der Gesellschafts = Säle zu überbieten , und mehr als fürstlich war bei den Meisten der hier entfaltete Luxus , der Reich thum der Toiletten , die in dieser Saison Tausende und Tausende Hände in Thätigkeit setzen , Juweliere , Goldarbeiter , Kleider = und Putzmache rinnen , Tapezierer u. s. w. Träumten sich auch die Bewohner des Quartier St. Germain wieder in die goldenen Zeiten Ludwig ' s XIV. , sahen sie doch in Carl X. ihrer Messias , der aber auch für sie leiden mußte , weil er seine Zeit nicht verstand und , von seinen adeligen Günst lingen darin bestärkt , den in seiner Jugend eingesogenen Vorurtheilen nicht entsagen wollte , noch konnte , weil er die ernsten Lehren , die ihm die Zeit gegeben , scheinbar nicht begriffen hatte ; hielt die alte Ariste kratie auch ihre eigenen streng gesonderten Bälle , so fehlte es bei den Banquiers doch nicht an Crachats , Ludwigs = Orden , Sternen und Bän dern ; denn die Geld = Aristokratie wußte ihre Rechte in der Gesellschaft geltend zu machen , sie war eine Rivalin , gegen die man gewiß nicht mit Siegeshoffnungen in die Schranken treten durfte , welche man aber durch Herablassung für die eigenen Zwecke zu gewinnen hoffte. Am Hofe fanden die uppigen Maskenbälle und Maskenspiele , wie sie die Medicäerin Catharina aus ihrem sinnlichen Vaterlande hinüber gebracht hatte , nicht mehr Stattz kleinere Cirkel wechselten aber bei dem Könige , der Herzogin von Angouleme und der Herzogin von Berry. In dem Palais royal , das seit seinem allmähligen Entstehen so oft sei nen Namen als Besitzer änderte , tobten nicht mehr die wüsten Gelage und Orgien , wie sie unter den Regenten Philipp II. von Orleans hier gefeiert wurden , der bekanntlich mit der schaamlosesten Frechheit allem , was an Sitte und Tugend nur im Entferntesten mahnte , Hohn sprach ; die Säle , in welchen sein Urenkel , der spätere Egalité , mit den Blut männern der Revolution geschwelgt hatte , waren jetzt , was sie nie ge wesen , Zeugen des reinsten Familienglückes ; Louis Philipp war ein eben so treuer Gatte , als sorgsam liebender Vater. Die Bälle und Feste , die er gab , trugen auch nicht die geringste Spur der Etiquette , wie sie am Hofe herrschte , und vereinigten gewöhnlich die pariser Notabeln der Wissenschaft und Kunst , wie der Geld = Aristokratie. Auf diese Weise begingen alle Stände von den Höchsten bis zu norität dieser Sechs wählte mit 5 Stimmen den Amtmann Nie meyer , der die Wahl nicht annehmen dürfte ; die andere Stimme fiel auf den Einwohner Hoppe in Wienhausen. ( H. Buxtehude , 14. März. Eine heute hier vorgenommene Ur wahl zweier Wahl = Commünen behuf des zu bildenden Wahl Collegiums hat den ungünstigen Erfolg gehabt , daß kein Einzie ger von etwa 90 Wahlberechtigten erschienen ist , obgleich dazu eine specielle Einladung an dieselben ergangen war. In Folge dessen hat daher die Wahl nicht vorgenommen werden können. ( H. ) Winsen a. d. Luhe , 14. März. In dem hier heute zur Wahl eines Deputirten für die Grundbesitzer im ersten Wahldistricte des Fürstenthums Lüneburg Statt gehabten Termine ist der vor malige Deputirte , Cantor Riechelmann zu Wilhemsburg , so wie als Substitut der Bürgervorsteher Hastedt zu Harburg , beide Anhänger des Staatsgrundgesetzes , erwählt worden. ( H. ) Harburg , 16. März. Mit Betrübniß bemerken auch wir in unserem sonst so friedlichen Städtchen die traurigen Folgen der in unserm Königreich herrschenden Wirren. Auf verfassungsmäßige Weise wurden Repräsentanten und Wahlmänner erwählt und in Eid genommen ; dieses Wahl = Collegium hielt es seinem Eide ge mäß für Pflicht , die Wahl eines Deputirten zur Stände = Ver sammlung abzulehnen. — Seitdem ließen sich einige Individuen bewegen , bei den Handwerkern und Arbeitern , die sich bis dahin wenig oder gar nicht um die Verfassungsangelegenheiten beküm merten , Unterschriften zu einer Bittschrift an die k. Landdrostei , um Verfügung einer neuen Urwahl , zu sammeln , und vermochten dazu manchen rechtlich denkenden Handwerker , der gar nicht ahnte , daß er auf diese Weise seiner früher gegebenen Stimme entgegen handelte und ehrenwerthe Männer des Meineides anklagte. Die ses gesetzwidrige Unterschriften = Sammeln wurde zwar amtlich angezeigt , indeß bisher ohne Erfolg , so daß wahrscheinlich diese Adresse an ihre Bestimmung gelangt ist. In diesen Tagen soll nun eine neue Urwahl vorgenommen werden ; zugleich circulirt unter den Bürgern eine Dank = und Zufriedenheits = Erklärung an das bürgerliche Wahl = Collegium , welches ganz in ihrem Sinne gehandelt habe , gegen welche indessen eingeschritten worden , so daß in Folge dessen bereits einige Bürger sich in Untersuchung befinden. ( H. ) Braunschweig , 16. März. Durch die Gnade Sr. Majestät des Königs von Baiern ist die hiesige Stadt vor wenigen Tagen in den Besitz eines Kunstwerks gekommen , welches die allgemeinste Aufmerksamkeit erweckt. Es ist dieses die in Bronze gegossene , halb colossale Büste des deutschen Helden Ferdinand ' s von Schill , durch welche der , in der Erzbildnerei so berühmte Stiegl mayr in München von Neuem seine Meisterschaft bewährt hat. ( F. ) Darmstadt , 18. März. In der gestrigen 107. Sitzung der 2. Kammer fand abermals eine fünfstündige Discussion über den in Frage stehenden Gegenstand ( s. N. 79 d. ) Statt , haupt sächlich noch über den Maßstab , welcher behufs der Berechnung des , der Ausscheidung der Domainen zu Grunde zu legenden , diger weiteren Discussion beendigt ward. ( G. H. ) Wiesbaden , 11. März. Der katholische Bischof zu Lim burg , I. W. Bausch , ist gestern mit Tod abgegangen. Der evangelische Landesbischof , Dr. Heydenreich , liegt nech sehr krank darnieder. ( A. ) Frankfurt , 19. März. Se. Herrl. Lord William Russell , königl. großbr. außerordentl. Gesandter und bevollmächtigter Minister am königl. preuß. Hofe , ist aus London hier eingetrof fen und im „ Englischen Hof “ kabgestiegen. ( Fr. =. =. =. ) den Niedrigsten des Carnevals Vorfeier ; die Herzoge , 1Marquise und Grafen äfften dem Hofe nach , der Kleinhändler und petit bourgeois der rue St. Denis dem reichen Banquier der Chaussée ' Antin , — ein Ball mußte gegeben werden , und konnten sich in dem größten der so genannten Salons auch kaum vier Paare im Walzer drehen ; der Franzose ist genügsam , wenn es gilt , sich zu freuen. Die eigentlichen Tage des Carnevals rückten heran , die kleinern Theater brachten we chentlich ein paar Carnevals = Bluetten , meist ohne Werth , doch erinn ich mich immer mit Freuden an ein Vaudeville der Varietés „ Des ' s de lä Barrière “ , in welchem sich Potier , Odry und Vern trafen , so wie an Potier ' s jungen Werther in der Travestge Hauspi , schen Werther. Potier war einer der ausgezeichnetester. Die letzte die ich je gesehen habe , er leistete als Komiker das. D gier zeichnete sich Woche vor Carneval brachte einige Maskenbälle , gpgr # gab , sowohl vor alen drsenige aus , peichen die Schaushlotghhzen. durch Pracht als durch Indecenz der eine : ; gespannt war , um den Die eigentlichen jours gras , auf die 10 V ; Erscheinung zu sehen , pariser Carneval endlich einmal in seiner östen. Italien. Ueber den diesjährigen Carneval zu Rom enthält ein Schrei ben aus Rom vom 3. März ( in der Augsb. Allgeim : Zeitung ) Folgendes : „ Der Carneval schließt nun mit dem heutigen Tage , den der Regen vereitelte. Bei dem Rennen der sogenannten Barberi oder ledigen Pferde am 27. Febr. hatten sich einige früher losgerissen ; die Menschenmasse , die eine schmale Renn gasse gebildet hatte , schloß sich alsbald hinter diesen , so daß durch die nachkommenden , etwas später losgelassenen Pferde mehre Per sonen bedeutend verwundet wurden. Eine soll bereits den Geist aufgegeben haben. Die Truppen sind nicht so zahlreich , um an seder Seite des gegen zweitausend Schritte langen Corso ' s ge hörig Spalier bilden zu köninen , und ohne dieses ist Ordnung nicht möglich. Daher geschah es , daß am 29. Febr. zwei der Barberi in eine Seitengasse brechend , wieder mehre Personen verwundeten. An demselben Tage wurde auch durch einen Wa gen eine Frau getödtet. Daß diese Fälle während der 9 Tage des Carnevals sich nicht zu Hunderten ereignen , ist erstaunens werth , da es den Kutschern gestattet wird , in scharfem Trabe auf und ab zu fahren , so daß die Fußgänger sich nicht schnell genug retten können. Das Trottoir wäre , selbst ganz leer ge lassen , nicht breit genug , um Tausende zu fassen , um so viel weniger aber , da es mit Tribunen , Bänken und Stühlen ganz besetzt ist , die von Hausbesitzern vermiethet werden. So sind die Fußgänger gezwungen , Se Fahrstraße zu betreten , wo ihnen mit jedem Schritte Gefahr droht , sowohl von den vorwärts Fah renden , als von denen , die zurückschieben , was alle Augenblicke ohne errathbaren Grund geschieht. Und doch sind diese Fußgän ger , meist Römer und Römerinnen , von dem heitersten , gutmü thigsten Humor beseelt , der sich vorzüglich dieses Jahr erprobte , da ein Prinz sich auf eine Weise benahm , welche der Geduld der Bevölkerung jeder andern großen Stadt bald ein Ende ge macht haben wurde. Körbe voll schlechte Confetti , mit Mehl ge füllte Eier , za wirkliche Hühnereier sind bisher noch niemals auf Fahrende oder Gehende von einem Baleon gewerfen wor den , noch wurden je andere Balcons zum Bewerfen auf zwei Schritte feindlich überfallen. Ueber solches Beginnen verstummte sogar die Ungebundenheit einiger Insulauer des Nordens , wel che überhaupt dieses Jahr zum Erstaunen gesittet waren. Daß dem Erwähnten von seiner Schaar junger Fremden einmal ver golten wurde , ist zwar nicht zu loben , war jedoch vorauszusehen. Für den römischen Carneval wäre zu wünschen , statt der stets wiederkehrenden geschmacklosen Masken , der Harlekins , gepau zerten Ritter , Alt = Spanier , als Weiber verkleidete Kerle u. s. , einmal einen sinnigen Aufzug erscheinen zu lassen , der an das erinnerte , was einst hier gewesen und jetzt nurbei Ihnen über den Alpen gesehen wird. “ Königreich der Niederlande. Amsterdam , 18. März. Wir eilen , aus guter Quelle dazu in Stand gesetzt , dem Bericht in der gestrigen „ Arnh. Courant “ , die Reise verschiedener Mitglieder der königl. Familie ins Aus land meldend , zu widersprechen. Weder die Kronprinzessin , noch der Prinz und die Prinzessin Friedrich , noch der Erbprinz und die Erbprinzessin von Oranien sind Willens , im Monat Mai nächsthin das Land zu verlassen. ( Amst. Handelsbl. ) # < space > M a n < space > v e r n i m m t , < space > d a ß < space > d a s < space > B u d g e t < space > f ü r < space > 1 8 4 0 < space > 5 8 < space > M i l l i o n e n < space > Gulden betragen soll , worunter 4 Millionen für das jährliche Desicit , für das Syndicat und 300,000 Gulden für Renten der neu ereirten 6 Millionen Gulden 5 pEt. Für das Kriegs = De partement sind , wie man sagt , mehr als 2 Millionen und für die Marine 50,000 Gulden weniger ausgeworfen , als in dem früher verwerfenen Budget # m ( idem. ) — Am 16. März kam vor der ersten Civilkammer zu Rot terdam die Klage der niederländischen Dampfschiffahrts = Gesell schaft gegen die Dampfschiffahrts = Gesellschaft des Nieder = und Mittelrheins wegen der bei Millingen gesunkenen „ Stadt Keu len “ vor , wurde aber auf 14 Tage ausgesetzt. Belgien. Brüssel , 18. März. Im „ Independant " liest man : Die Bildung eines Ministeriums ist nicht leicht nach einem Votum , das fast alle Meinungs = Ruaneen , welche die Kammer enthält , gemäßigte Liberale und Katholiken , Ultra = Katholiken und Ultra Liberale , Anhänger und Gegner des Vertrags , gonvernementale und provinzialistische Männer vereinigt hat. Die Liebe zum öf fentlichen Wohl muß daher alle einflußreichen Männer der bei den Kammern bestimmen , ihre Anstrengungen mit jenen der Krone zu vereinigen , damit die Schwierigkeiten verschwinden und die hohe Landesverwaltung sich schnell und mit Bürgschaften der Dauer aufs Neue constituire. Die Meinung der Majorität des Landes ist zu effenbar , als daß es möglich sei zu unterstellen , daß die Minister anderwärts als aus den Reihen der gemäßig ten Männer gewählt werden könnten , anzunehmen , daß sie nicht laut die erhaltenden Grundsätze aller constitutionnellen Freiheiten proelamiren werden , zu glauben , daß sie nicht gleich jeden Ver dacht , die Meinungen ; die Gesinnungen, , die Sympathieen der Majorität - zu verletzen , zurückweisen werden. In dieser Ueber zeugung sagen und wiederholen wir , daß die Nachfolger der jetzi gen Minister nicht anders regieren werden , als jene , an deren Stelle sie treten. — Im „ Organe des Flandres “ liest man : In diesem Augen vick ist alle Wahrscheinlichkeit vorhanden , daß die Hrn. Lebeau , Rogier und ' cuart jeder ein Ministerium bei der Combination erhalten , die vorbereitet wird. Es ist jetzt bekannt , daß , selbst vor dem Votum vom 14. , die Hrn. Devaux , Lebeau und Ro gier wußten , daß sie durch das Votum , das sie abgaben , den König in die Nothwendigkeit setzten , ihnen die Leitung der Lan des = Angelegenheiten zu übertragen. Man erinnert sich jetzt , daß sie die nämlichen Herren sind , welche ehemals die Hrn. de Smet und Doignon abgesetzt haben , weil sie nicht in dem durch Hru. Rogier , damals Minister des Innern , angedeuteten Sinne votirten. — Se. Maj. der König hat durch Beschluß vom 9. d. den Hrn. I. P. Maes , von Ruremonde , zum Ritter des Leopold Ordens ernannt. Bekanntlich hat Hr. Maes den größten Theil seines Vermögens der belgischen Revolution aufgeopfert. ( Belge. ) — Hr. Liedts , Mitglied der Liquidations = Commission zu Ut recht , ist zu Brüssel angekommen. — Nach einer in dem „ Journal ' Anvers “ mitgetheilten No tiz haben folgende Personen Aussicht , Minister zu werden : Die Hrn. Goblet oder de Puidt für das Kriegswesen ; die Hrn. Liedts oder Fallon für die Justiz ; Hr. Rogier für das Innere , Hr. de Muelenaere für die auswärtigen Angelegenheiten ; der Herzog von Ursel , ehemaliger Minister des Waterstaat , oder Hr. Teichman für die öffentlichen Arbeiten ; die Hrn. Meeus = Coghen oder ' Huart für die Finanzen. — In der „ Freien Presse “ liest man : Es gibt jetzt nur eine Zukunft für ein Ministerium , in welchem das niederdeutsche Bel gien durch Flamänder , Söhne von Flamändern und Flamändern von Seele und Herz repräsentirt sein wird , und vorzüglich in der katholisch = demokratischen Nuance wird man diese Männer finden , denn der wahre Flamänder ist vor Allem : ein freier Mann und ein religiöser Mann. Brüssel , 19. März. Bis jetzt hat sich der König noch nicht darüber ausgesprochen , ob er die Demission der Minister annehme oder nicht , und es werden von mehren Seiten Schritte gethan , um erstere zu verhindern. Die jüngste Majorität von 43 Stimmen bestand zum Theil aus den alten , bekannten Gegnern des Ministeriums , den intoleranten Pfeudoliberalen einer = , den demokratisirenden Exaltirten mit katholischem Anstriche anderer seits , welche zusammen es nie zu einer imposanten Minorität , viel weniger zu einer , wenn auch noch so schwachen , Majorität gebracht hatten. Gegen die Uebertreibungen der Einen und der Andern stand vielmehr das System des Ministeriums allezeit wie ein schützender Damum da. Eine dritte Fraction der Majorität der 43 bestand aus Gliedern ohne entschiedene Farbe , von ge wöhnlich gemäßigter Gesinnung , die auch fast immer mit dem Ministerium stimmten , sich dieses Mal aber durch die tönenden „ Redensarten von verletzter Nationalehre , von Militärdisciplin und point Ghonueur , von Verrath am Vaterlande u. s. w. be stechen und dazu hinreißen ließen , einem dunkeln Gefühle zu fol gen , anstatt mit heller Besonnenheit die Bedeutung und die Folge ihrer Abstimmung zu überschauen. Neben diesen fanden sich kluge , berechnende Köpfe , denen schon längst das Ministerium zu lange gedauert hat , und die auf den Augenblick warteten , wo sich ein entscheidender Streich gegen dasselbe führen ließ. Einige dersel ben gehören unter die liberale Rubrik , die andern nennt man gewöhnlich die Doctrinärs , weil sie in mehren Zügen den fran zösischen Doctrinärs gleichen. Sie haben wie diese Talent und politischen Blick. Es geht ihnen aber auch wie diesen jede tie fere Ueberzeugung , jede Begeisterung für irgend ein Prinzip ab , was , verbun den mit einer guten Dosis Eigenliebe und Ehrgeiz , Schuld daran ist , daß sie keinen Anhang haben , und auf wenige Stimmen reducirt sind. Ihr parlamentarischer Tact muß mithin darin bestehen , je nach den Umständen diese oder jene der Kammer zur Erreichung ihrer Zwecke zu benutzen. Ihr Haupt redner ist Herr Devaux , der während der jüngsten Discussion geschwiegen , bis er merkte , daß der Augenblick sich günstig ge statte , und dann eine Rede hielt , die darauf berechnet war , das Gefühl auf Kosten des Verstandes in Anspruch zu nehmen. Der Zweck wurde erreicht , auch verlautete es am nächsten Tage , daß von einem liberal = doctrinären Ministerium die Rede sei. Hr. Le beau , Einer dieser Fraction , wurde zum Könige gerufen ; es scheint aber nicht zu Stande gekommen zu sein ; denn er sowohl als seine politischen Freunde haben Brüssel verlassen. Unterdessen hat man Zeit , zur Besinnung zi kommen , und sich davon zu überzeugen , daß ein Ministerium , dem bisher immer eine bedeu tende Majorität zur Seite gestanden , um einer solchen Frage willen eigentlich nicht abtreten sollte. Man fängt daher an , zu glauben , es werde nicht zu einem totalen Ministerwechsel , son dern nur zu einer Modification des Cabinets kommen , wobei natürlich der Kriegsminister abtreten müßte , da das jüngste Vo tum specieller gegen diesen gerichtet war. Hoffentlich wird sich in den nächsten Tagen erwas Bestimmtes gestalten , und der Un sicherheit ein Ende machen , die ihre verderblichen Folgen schon nach mehren Richtungen hin fühlen läßt. Frankreich. Paris , 17. März. Seit der Wahl der Commissare zur Vorbereitung der Discussion über die geheimen Fonds ist # # persönliche Stellung des Hrn. Thiers zwar viel klarer und en facher geworden , dagegen seine Zukunft als erster Minister wi möglich noch weniger sicher als vorher. Er hat sich bestimmt9 “ nug ausgesprochen , um keinen Zweifel mehr darüber zu lassen daß er sich zur Linken hinneigt , und daß mik seinem Ministerium wenn es sich halten sollte , die Regierung der Opposition fängt. Das rechte Centrum ist daruber so wilh als möglich , ie die Mehrzahl seiner Mitglieder spricht sich auf eine Weise 915/g6 ob wirklich Thiers Hrn. Odilon = Barrot die rechte und Hrn. er nier = Pages die linke Hand gegeben hätte , um so gesammter Mäch mit der dynastischen und republicanischen Opposition das “ nigthum im Sturme über den Haufen zu werfen. Die Sprati des Hrn. Thiers war wirklich so keck als möglich , und gerst in dieser Art , zu sprechen , liegt ein Beweis , daß einmal Thiz # die feste Ueberzeugung erlangt hat , daß er von den 221 nies zu hoffen hat , und daß er zugleich seine Kraft fühlt , deren Bastst die öffentliche Meinung , die Opposition , kennt und nicht ver lassen will. Hätte er die entfernteste Hoffnung gehabt , bei der 221 Gehör zu finden , so würde er sicher es nicht für nöthig halten haben , eine immerhin sehr starke Partei der Kammer rick sichtlos vor den Kopf zu stoßen. Wäre er seiner Stellung siches so würde er eben so wenig an seine frühere Opposition eri nernt , und noch weniger die Regierung , die Kammer ; ja selb das Königreich ziemlich unumholen bedroht haben. Eine solch Drohung aber liegt in den Ausdrücken : „ Wenn ich gestürt werde , so möge nach mir regieren , wer kann ( gouverne aple ntoi qu pourrn. ) Ob nun die 221 Thiers wirklich sturze “ werden , ist noch immer die Frage , die kein Mensch zu scheiden im Stande ist. Halten sie bei dem Schlußvot wie in der Abstimmung über die Commissare zusammen , ist das Ministerium Thiers unwiderdringlich verloren , den außer jenen 185 Stimmen des rechten Centrums werden auf etwa 15 Legitimisten und 20 Radicale gegen ihn stimmen , # # # dann mehr als nöthig ist , um eine Majorität gegen ihn zu bil den. Die Spannung steigt hier mit jedem Tage , und zeigt # reits ihren Einfluß auf die Geschäfte , welche mehr und mest stocken. Die Prophezeiungen auf das Jahr 1840 werden der hervorgesucht , und die gegenwärtigen Verwickelungen scheinen dann denen , die gerne glauben , was sie halbwegs wur schen , als eine ganz convenable Einleitung in die versprochene großartigen Weltereignisse. So viel ist gewiß , daß sich in der nächsten acht Tagen sehr Vieles entscheiden muß , und daß der Sturz des Ministeriums Thiers , wenn er Statt finden sollte unstreitig Epoche in der Geschichte der Inliregierung machen wird. Man spricht heute in den Blättern von der bevorstehenden nennung Bugeands zum Gouverneur von Algier. Es war davos schon seit einigen Tagen in den Sakons die Rede. Da diese Wahl aber von der Debatte über die geheimen Fonds und der Consolidirung des Ministeriums Thiers abhängt , hielt ich nicht für nöthig , Ihnen darüber zu schreiben. Uebrigens ist die Nachricht , wie sie heute die Blätter geben , nicht ganz richtig Thiers will Hrn. Bugeaud nur das Militärcommando der Armee und der Expedition gegen Abd = el = Kader übergeben , und nebe “ ihm einen Civilbeamten zum Gouverneur der Colonie ernennen Die Wahl des Letztern ist noch nicht bekannt. — Der Beschluß der Kammer , nach dem gestern die Bittschrift der Fleischer voll Paris und Lyon , für die Herabsetzung der Einfuhrsteuer auf Schlachtvieh , verworfen wurde , wird einen nicht geringen Ein druck aufs Volk machen , und besonders in den größern Städten die Mehrzahl der Arbeiter mißstimmen. Bei der bevorstehenden Wahl der Nationalgarde ist dies nicht so unbedeutend. Uebrigens war die Verhandlung über diese Petition wirklich merkwürdig denn sie zeigte ktarer als alles , was man theoretisch über die Zusammensetzung der Kammer sagen kann , daß diese im Wesen nur die Vertreterin der größern Eigenthümer ist , und daß sie als solche sich stets gegen das Bedurfniß des geringen Votkes aussprechen wird , wenn ihr eigenes Interesse mit im Spiel ist Die unmäßige Abgabe auf das auswärtige Schlachtvieh hat nut Eine Folge gehabt , nämlich den Preis desselben in Frankreich um 33½ pEt. zu vermehren , d. h. die Besitzer großer Güter und Heerden um eben so viel zu bereichern , und die Arbeiter , die das Fleisch theurer kaufen müssen , um eben so viel zu ver armen , als jene sich bereichern. Hr. Bugeand war der tapfere Vertheidiger der großen Eigenthümer , und — er ist auch eine von den furieur de modération — der Besieger der Beduinen erklärte ganz ruhig , daß er lieber ein fremdes Heer als ein fremde Heerde im Lande sehen würde. Und wirklich ein solche Heer würde ihm zu Budjouts zu den Chemin # # # ieigans Ver anlassung geben , die Heerde dagegen ist dazu nicht geeignet. Paris , 17. März. In der „ Presse “ liest man : Der Hr Minister des Innern hat ; ein Rundschreiben an die Präfeeten C. Gedränge stehen bleiben , um mit einander zu sprechen. Das wiehernde Gelächter der Umstehenden lockte mich ebenfalls zu einer solchen Grexpe , und ich freute mich schon auf die Witze und Scherze , die ich hier kören sollte. Zwei Wagen , besetzt mit als Poissarden und Schiffer mit reichbebänderten Hüten Maskirten , hielten in einiger Entfernung von einander , so daß sie sich unter einander verstehen konnten. Sie gaben sich Fragen und Antworten im pariser Parois ; es war der catéchisme des Poissardes , den sie hersagten , die schmutzigsten Gemeinheiten , die grobsinnlichsten Zoten , welche sie durch die abscheulichsten Pantomimen , die sich nicht einnal andeuten lassen , wirklich mehr als ekelhaft mach ten. Lauten Beifall wieherte ihnen die Menge zu , wodurch die Mas ken ihre Schaamlosigkeit immer mehr steigerten. Im Innersten empört , wandte sch mich von diesem ekeln Schauspiele ab , dus sich aber alle Hundert Schritte auf der Länge des Boulevurd von der Kirche St. Mayelaine bis zum Faubourg du temple , so wie in allen Hauptstraßen , die auf die Boulevards auslaufen , wiederholte und allenthalben die Menge belustigte und reizte. An den Ecken der Querstraßen überschrieen so genannte chansonniers zum Klange verstimmter Geigen das Geräusch und Getümmel der Hin = und Hergehenden , und boten ihre Lieder feil , entweder chansons poissardes oder die neuesten Lieder Beranger ' s , die ein untersetzter Mann mit furchtbarer Baßstimme am kräftigsten vor trug , alle Stellen und Zweideutigkeiten , die Carl X. und seinen Hof geißelten , so nachdrücklich als immer möglich hervorhebend , so daß er auch seinen Zweck nie verfehlte , und stäts die Lacher auf seiner Seite 9atte. Raufereien und Faustkämpfe spielten als Intermezzo in dem Lächten Gewoge , und laut wurde die Policei verhöhnt , wenn sie ruhe ettens einschreiten wollte , oder sich in Thätigkeit setze auf den häufig etonenden Muf , 13. veleur Ihau voleurl um ein langfingerndes Genie zu haschen , das sich in dem Gedränge in fremde Taschen verirrt hatte. „ „ Ser Abend brachte den hal travesti et paré der großen Ungeheuter war das Gedränge von Wagen und meist verkleideten gängern in der Passage der Oper und in den auf das Opernhaus zu führenden Straßen ; ehe wir aber in die Oper gingen , schenkten wir dem Café Idalie am Eingange der Passage noch einen Besuch. Die Hetären , die gewöhnlich auf diesem Boulepurd jeden Abend zu Hundei ten in den reichsten Toilertken herumschwärmten , bereiteten sich hier zur Oper vor ; ein buntes originelles Genre = Bild boten die reichen Masken , die sich hier herumtrieben , an ihren Anzügen musterten , die Masken zu recht machten , sich Bärte anklebten , sich schminkten , und dies alles mit der ausgelassensten lautesten Lust ; während in einer Ecke ein Grimacier die Lachlust durch Gesichterschneiden reizte , oder auf höchst komische Weise die Herren der pariser Bühne nachmachte , prüften Ritter , Har lekinetten , Pantalons , Pulchinelle in der andern ihre Kräfte durch Zie hen und Schlagen an dazu eingerichtet = n Maschinen , oder ließen sich wiegen. In dem Sale war eine stäte Ebbe und Flut der Ein - und Hin ausströmenden. Der Opernsagl selbst bot einen wirklich überraschenden Anblick dar , die Lustres wetteiferten mit der Helle des Tages , und reich und bunt , großartig war das Maskengewimmel , durch welches man sich durchwinden mußte , um von einem Ende des Saales bis zum andern zu gelangen. Die Logenreihen waren meist mit Masken besetzt , doch gewahrte man hier und da auch reiche Toiletten. An Intriguen und Abenteuern fehlte es nicht , denn das Treiben an und für sich bot den reichsten Stoff zu Bemerkungen jeder Art , die aber immer interessanter wurden , wenn man sich als ruhiger Beobachter in den Foyers , auf din ja mystischem Helldunkel erleuchteten Corr ' doren , den Verbindungstreppen herumtrieb , und , ohne über die liebenden Pärchen zu straucheln , bis zu den über der höchsten Galerie angebrachten loges grillées * ) gelangte. — Das Recht der Maskenfreiheit , das in Italien unverletzlich , und bei uns in Köln eine so sichere Bürgschaft , daß nichts die allgemeine Hei terkeit trübt , wurde hier niche sonderlich geachtet , an Streit und Scan dal fehlte es nicht , und gewiß gab der Maskenball Veranlassung zu man. cher Promenade nach dem bois de Boglogne , wo die Pariser bekanntlich ihre Duelle ausmachen. ( Schluß folgt. ) ) Loges grillées sind die unter dem Velarium der Decke in den mei sten Theatern der Hauptstadt angebrachten Logenreihen , welche nach der Bühne mit einem Gitter verschlossen sind , so daß man die in den selben Befindlichen nicht sehen kann , Zur Geschichte des Taudanums ats Mittel gegen Hornhautflecken. Ein Artikel im Feuilleton der vorgestrigen „ Kölnischen Zeitung “ spricht wiederum für die Ignoranz der Franzosen im Gebiete ausländt scher Wissenschaften. In den ältesten deutschen Schriften über Augen heilkunde wird das Laudanum ( das berühmte Mittel des ausgezeichne ten londoner Arztes Thomas Sydenham aus dem 17. Jahrhundert , und aus Opium , Saffean , Würznelken , Zimmtcassia und Malagawein # # # # stehend ) als ein treffliches Mittel gegen Augenflecken , besser Hornhaut flecken , bezeichnet , wenn es auch nicht immer nach Lallemand ' s französt scher Windbeutelei in einem Monate vollständige Heilung bietet. Professor Lallemand ist erstaunt und betrübt , duß die Wirksamkeit die ses vortrefflichen Mittels so lange unbekannt geblieben ist ; ich bin # # # staunt , wenn auch nicht betrübt , daß Lallemand , wie fast alle seine frank zösischen Collegen , wegen gänzlicher Unkenntniß fremder Sprachen , setzt nicht wissen , was wir Deutschen schon lange gewußt haber Anstatt von einem Polen , konnte ihm das Mittel von jedem deutschen Studenten der Medicin mitgetheilt werden. Dr. med. Thoms. R oti Das „ Frankfurter Journal “ meldete kürzlich aus Berlin : längst erwärtete Tragödie Clotikda Montalvi von Firmenich ist 9 “ stern endlich auf der königlichen Bühne bei gedrängt vollem Hause Aufführung gekommen. Der junge Dichter zeigte in seinem ersten dite matischen Producte ein unverkennbares Talene für dramatische Dichtgsg und fand auch dieserhalb bei dem gebildeten Publicum allgemeine # # erkennung. Wie wir hören , soll unser Kronprinz , dessen Vorliebe # # die höhere dramatische Poesie bekannt ist , dem Dichter zur Aufmunk rung ein sehr huldvolles Schreiben zugesandt haben. MNanitesten Verascaeniche : Es ist leicht , in diese Alten von # # zu bringen , die nach dem Geschmack eines nicht gesatten , 65 Doeuments würde daher Absicht , die bei seiner Abfassung vor Frschts zu bestimmen , Aber glücklicher Weise gibt es offteielle nisse des minic “ guf eine ganz besondere Art in die Geheim besonng ster ( enen Gedankens eingeweiht , auf eine sehr un hescrrene Weise deren Erklärungen dem Publicum geben. So mitung uns ein Blatt der linken Seite , welches das Ministerium nerns “ daß dem Rundschreiben des Hrn. Ministers des In sehinein Commentar mangele ; dieser Commentar ist die Ab loyale Feic , Präfecte , die bei den letzten Wahlkämpfen auf eine gerade 2e # s ihre Pflicht gethan haben. Dieses Blatt sagt uns veiger nicht , zu welcher Zeit der Commentar dem Texte werde tjügt werden ; , dies hieße die Unbesonnenheit ein wenig zu weic treiben. Man bedarf übrigens seiner Offenbarungen in die Misicht nicht. Für den Augenblick kann das Ministerium sich mit der Sorge beschäftigen , sich an der Spitze der Angele Fenheiten zu halten , was wohl zugleich das sicherste Mittel ist , die jetzt entworfenen Plane später zu verwirklichen. Möge daher 245 Cabinet die Präfecten absetzen , die schuldig sind , der Regie Ling gegen die linke Seite gedient zu haben ! Möge es sie dem Stoll der Männer aufopfern , auf die es sich stützen will ! Wir gegan es nicht daran hindern. Eine unserer Hauptbeschwerden einen 248 Cabinet ist , wir haben es oft gesagt , daß es den Muth eieler Leidenschaften nicht hat ; daß es , indem es zur Gewalt Plangt , um der Diener der linken Seite zu sein , seinen Zweck , eeine Absichten , seine Alliancen verfehlt ; daß es seine wahre Phy ° snomie , so zu sagen , unter einer Maske mit einem doppelten Profil verbirgt , die auf der einen Seite den Hoffnungen des eompte = rendu zulächelt , auf der andern Seite den gerechten Ab Eeigungen der Centrums schmeichelt. Seine Doppelsinnigkeit ist , mserer Meinung nach , sein größtes Unrecht. Vom Tage seines antritts an haben wir es aufgefordert , Geradsinn in seine Hal uug zu legen ; dies war zugleich der geschickteste und der ehren büste Entschluß. Unsere Schuld ist es nicht ; wenn es den weni der sichern und minder loyalen vorgezogen hat. Der Entschluß , den es angenommen , wird ihm daher nicht gestätten , unmittelbar den dürch das Blatt der linken Seite versprochenen Commen kar zu geben. Allein man muß von allen jenen Geständnissen , die seinen besondern Organen entwischen. Notiz nehmen. Dies sind die Anzeichen von dem , was es eines Tages thun wird , wenn man ihm die Zeit und die Mittel gibt. „ Quotidienne “ berichtet , Hr. Thiers rechne fest auf eine Majorität bei der Frage der geheimen Fonds. Die Dro hung , daß alle Beamten , die sich nicht von den 221 trennen , ab gesetzt werden sollen , hat ihre Wirkung nicht verfehlt. Man kennt die Stimmung des Hrn. Jaubert , welcher strenge Unter würfigkeit der Beamten verlangt , und fürchtet , die Drohung möchte kein leeres Wort sein. Ueberdies läßt man es nicht an glänzenden Versprechungen fehlen. — Im vorigen Jahre betrugen die Einkünfte der Stadt Paris 68,511,845 Frs. Zu Bauten hat sie 4,680,000 Frs. verwendet. Die Linienschiffe „ Genereux " und „ Triton “ sind im Be Kriff , von Toulon nach der Levante abzusegeln. Das Reserve Leschwader wird dadurch auf die drei Schiffe „ Ocean “ , „ Ma # # # go “ und „ Hercules “ reducirt. Das Letztere ist ebenfalls im begriff , zum Admiral Lalande zu stoßen. Dagegen werden aus der Levante der „ Trident “ und das „ Diadem “ zurückerwartet. ratz. In der gestrigen Sitzung der Deputirtenkammer war die Be anung von Bittschriften für eine Herabsetzung des Einfuhrzolls von # # landischem Schlachtvieh an der Tagesordnung. Die Commission u in ihrem Bericht die Ueberweisung der Bittschriften an den Handels funz vor. Herr Manuel stimmt gegen die Reduction , weil die Ein a fremden Viehs unnöthig sei. Allerdings sei der Fleischpreis hoch , und g. bessere koste 70 bis 75 Cent. per Pfund ; doch könnten die ärmeren dassten in der Halle Fleisch zu 30 Cent. haben. Freilich wäre zu wünschen , die Consumtion von Metzgerfleisch allgemeiner würde ; der Kammer üie Pflicht aber sei , die inländischen Viehzüchter zu begünstigen , anstatt sie duich Zulassung fremder Einfuhren zu benachtheiligen. Die Verschlechterung seinranzösischen Viehs würde die nothwendige Folge einer Herabsetzung de “ — Herr Fulchiron : Die Bittsteller wollen ja keine Aufhebung , son ien nur eine Verminderung des Zolls , der 1822 von 3 auf 50 Frs. für en Ochsen erhöht wurde. Dies Gesetz traf damals sonderbarer Weise mit em zusammen , welches die großen Collegien etablirte. ( Großes Gelächter. ) 2 , fade es nicht für vernünftig , daß ein großer Theil der Bevölkerung zum Schutze des Ackerbaues eine gesunde , nahrhafte Speise entbehren “ : Hüten wir uns , die schlimme Stimmung der arbeitenden Classen gegen Reichen noch zu steigern. Ich beantrage , daß das Maximum des Zolls ein , 40 Frs. festgesetzt werde , und bitte die Kammer , in die Debatte über Ans , Ohsenfrage keine Bitterkeit zu legen , da sie dazu bei einem andern Seülse nur gar zu bald Gelegenheit haben dürfte. ( Gelächter. ) — Oberst zuckhe ret ist gegen die Ueberweisung an den Handelsminister , weil die Vieh zutuk Frankreich außerordentlich vorgeschritten sei , und z. B. die Vieh und a. 4us dem Maine = u. Loire = Departement auf die Märkte von Sceaux Nig Voish seit 15 Jahren sich verdoppelt habe. — Herr v. Golberry : weis and kann läugnen , daß die Entartung des Hornviehs zunimmt,. Ich # # # # daß man den Ackerbau aufmuntern muß , aber ich behaupte , daß un Beg D ietzigen Umständen der Ackerbau der östlichen Departements einigen der # # eartements aufgeopfert werde. Ich glaube , daß durch Begünstigung # # # nfuhr guten Viehs den Gränz = Oepartements ein Markt geöffnet wäre , gu # ch die mittleren Departements richt beeinträchtigt würden ; denn das # # # ndische Vieh kommt nicht bis nach Sceaux und Poisy. — Herr La Ru # tte ist gegen die Reduction ; jetzt , wo dem Hanf = und Flachsbau cshrabe , dürfe man dem Landbau nicht zugleich in seiner wichtigsten min # sgung , der Viehzucht , hemmend entgegentreten. — Der Handels se # # # ster : Ich habe nichts dagegen , daß die Bittschriften mir zugewiesen # # # , aber ich muß Einiges bemerken. Vor 1816 war die Vieheinfuhr #. im Jahr 1816 wurde ein Zoll von 3 Fr. per Ochsen aufgelegt ; dies aber unzureichend , denn 1821 wurden 20,000 Ochsen und 248,000 ausganse eingeführt. Deßhalb wurde 1822 ein Zoll von 50 Fr. per Ochsen Aug. est , was die Einfuhr schnell hemmte. Seitdem hat die Frage oft die n erksamkeit der Regierung beschäftigt , und 1835 erklärte sich das dos % = Conseil für einen nach dem Gewicht festgesetzten Zoll. Ich glaube , # Die Art der Erhebung des Zolls mit Vortheil abgeändert werden könnte. Clagz # veral Bugeaud : Es ist eine gute Politik , die Lage der arbeitenden daß i zu verbessern ; diese sind aber bloß in den Städten , und ich glaube , nes der ruhigen Landbevölkerung zu wenig Rücksicht schenkt. Ich mei ware Peils würde nicht anstehen , einen Krieg anzufangen , wenn dies nöthig Ja , „ m das ausländische Vieh auszuschließen. ( Allgemeines Gelächter. ) siegen : De Herren , durch Muth und Einigkeit können wir über fremde Heere uckerbg. ds beständige Eindringen fremden Schlachtviehs aber würde den die arbskeichthum Frankreichs vernichten. Es ist nicht minder wichtig für es zu # # # tenden Classen , daß sie wohlfeiles Fleisch , als daß sie Geld haben , aber FLufen. Es war eine Zeit , wo das Pfund Fleisch 2 Sous kostete , einen gutgand kaufte es , weil Niemand Geld hatte. Wenn der Landmann den Städ1 Preis für sein Erzeugniß erhält , so gibt er den Arbeitern in tet , die # # # # Beschäftigung und dadurch Unterhaltsmittel. Man hat behaup das Iio schzucht habe sich in Frankreich verschlechtert ; dies läugne ich ; Fleischprei , besser geworden. Und wer sind die Leute , welche über hohe bigen Zan # # lagen ? Meist Bewohner von Paris , die sich über einen ma tische Abgabg „ ausländischem Vieh beschweren , während Paris eine städ aß Fleiich von 20 Cent. per Kilogr. erhebt. Die pariser Metzger sagen , ehr glücklich eehrliche Zuthat zum Brode ser. Die Parifer sind sare Kost , und unser3 gisch zu essen. Auf dem Lande ist Metzgerfleisch eine 32 , hoben Festagen , Tauu Zenießen dasselbe höchstens an Hochzeit die Consumtion in Parl der hohe Preis des Metzgerslei erbrauch hat in Patis nur verminder habe ; dies ist ein Irrthum. Der # en ; denn Sonntags und A dem Burgfrieden aber zugenom Eeren , wo kein Octroi bezablt minh Arbeiter außerhalb der Bar e wird , und füllen ihren Magen für die ganze Woche. — Nach wenigen Bemerkungen des Herrnv. Schauenburg , der für die Ueberweisung der Bittschriften ist , stimmte die Kammer über diese Frage ab , und beseitigte dieselbe mit großer Mehrheit durch die Tagesordnung. Paris , 18. März. Die Commission der Ergänzungs = Credite für Africa hat sich gestern versammelt. Sie hat den Hrn. Prä sidenten des Conseils und den Hrn. Kriegsminister gehört , die beide über das System , das die Regierung in Africa befolgen will , umständliche Erklärungen gegeben haben. Die Berathung dauerte von 1 bis halb 6 Uhr. — Die Commission der geheimen Fonds ist gestern außeror dentlich zusammen berufen worden. Der Hr. Minister des Innern begab sich früh in dieselbe ; allein von einer Seite konnte wegen Abwesenhe zweier Mitglieder , die ohne Zweifel nicht zu gehöriger Zeit benachrichtigt worden waren , und von der andern Seite wegen des Zurückbleibens des Hrn. Minister = Präsidenten , der im Schooße der Commission der außerordentlichen Credite für Afriea zurück gehalten worden war , die Berathung nicht Statt finden. — Ein Minister = Conseil wurde gestern in den Tuilerieen ge halten. — Das Cabinet hat sich mit der Prüfung der Zuckerfrage beschäftigt , und Hr. Maisonnenve , Director des auswärtigen Handels , hatte in diesem Bezug eine lange Conferenz mit dem Präsidenten des Conseils. Nichts ist noch über die Absichten des Ministeriums ruchbar geworden , allein man glaubt , daß es das System einer progressiven Auflage auf den einheimischen Zucker annehmen und zugleich die ehemalige Abgabe vom frem den Zucker wiederherstellen werde. — Der „ Commerce “ antwortet auf das Schreiben des Hrn. de Montalivet in Bezug auf die Verwendung der geheimen Fonds ( s. Nr. 79 d. ) dadurch , daß es nachstehende Analyse der im 7. Bureau Statt gehabten Discussion mittheilt , dessen Richtig keit , wie dieses Blatt behauptet , Niemand wird Lügen strafen können. „ Ein Mitglied ( wir haben es genannt ) legt Zweifel über die Verwendung der geheimen Fonds dar ; es glaubt , daß pariser und Departemental = Blätter , ungeachtet der Verpflichtun gen des Ministeriums noch Unterstützungen erhalten ; daß ein anderer Theil höhern Orts ( wir wiederholen die gebrauchten Ausdrücke ) für die persönliche Policei gegeben werde , und daß von diesem Theile ein Blatt eine monatliche Unterstützung be Ein anderes Mitglied ( wir werden es nennen , wenn man von uns dessen Namen verlangt ) bekämpft diese Behauptung und fügt hinzu , daß die Meinung des vorigen Redners den Zeitungen entlehnt sei. Der Deputirte , dem man widersprochen , drückte sich nun auf eine bestimmtere Weise aus. Er sagt , er sei tief überzeugt , daß das Schloß einen großen Theil von den geheimen Fonds erhalte , um die besondere Policei zu bezahlen , die ganz außerhalb der ministeriellen Verantwortlichkeit stehe ; daß ein Theil dem Journal des Debats zufließe , daß das Mi nisterium Geld liefere , um ein Blatt zu unterstützen , welches es täglich angreift , und das alle Ministerien angreifen wird , die keine Hof = Ministerien sein werden. Gewiß , fügt der „ Commerce “. hinzu , constatirt diese Analyse hinlänglich die Richtigkeit unseres ersten Berichts. “ Paris , 18. März. Die Deputirtenkammer hat seit dem 23. Dec. vorigen Jahres , dem Tage ihrer Eröffnung , nur erst 38 Sitzungen gehalten , und man hat gesehen , daß sie in den meisten dieser Sitzungen sich mit keiner einzigen wichtigen Frage von localem Interesse beschäftiget hat , indem sie stets sich mit der ministeriellen Majorität befaßte. Es ist bald Zeit , daß die Deputirten endlich ernstlich an die Angelegenheiten des Landes denken , aber hiezu müssen sie pünctlicher sein ; die Sitzungen müssen früher beginnen und später geschlossen werden. Wir vernehmen diesen Morgen , daß nie die Rede davon ge wesen sei , dem Hrn. Bugeaud das Obercommando der Expedi tion gegen Abd = el = Kader zu geben , allein man glaubt , daß er derselben im Gefolge des Herzogs von Orleans beiwohnen wer de , jedoch ohne irgend ein besonderes Commando zu führen. Man hat seit einigen Tagen bemerkt , daß Hr. Dupin der Ael tere häufige Conferenzen mit dem Könige hatte. Das Ministerium des Handels hat sich mit Eifer der Angeke genheit der Eisenbahnen wieder angenommen , und wichtige Ge setze werden , wie man versichert , nächstens über diesen Gegen stand vorgelegt werden. # # # # Paris , 18. März , 4½ Uhr Abends. In der heutigen Sitzung der Deputirtenkammer war die Erörterung des Gesetzentwurfs in Betreff der Eröffnung eines Credits für die Unterstützung der Cassen des Ruhegehalts = Fonds der Ministerten der auswärtigen Angelegenheiten und der Finanzen an der Ta gesordnung. Riemand begehrte das Wort für die allgemeine Er örterung , und man schritt zur Erörterung der einzelnen Artikel. Die Art. 1 und 2 des Entwurfs wurden angenommen. Der Art. 3 veranlaßte eine Debatte , die bei Abgang des Couriers noch fortwährte. Spanien. Die Oeputirtenkammer hatte am 11 , März die Prüfuug der Vollmachten noch nicht beendiget. Der Belagerungsstand währte ebenfalls fort. Saragossa , 12. März. Das Hauptquartier Espartero ' s war gestern in Andorra. Man versichert , Zurband werde die Umgegend von Matarrana besetzen und diese ganze Linie von Maella bis in die Nähe von Mora durchstreifen. Das Gerücht ging gestern hier , General Castaneda lege in Folge von Zwistig keiten mit dem General ' Donnell , unter dessen Befehlen er ope rirt , das Commando der 4. Expeditions = Division nieder. “ Gironna , 10. März. Ros ’ Eroles ist an der Spitze von 4 , ungefähr 1400 Mann starken Insurgenten = Bataillonen am 7. d. vor la Seu = ' Urgel erschienen ; am 7 empfing er aus dem Thale Andorre 19 mit Salpeter und ein mit Waffen beladene Maul thiere. Diese Schar nahm hierauf ihre Richtung nach den , Dör fern Arfa und Pla , wo sie die Nacht zubrachte. Am 8. setzte sie sich in Marsch , um nach Organa zurückzukehren. Aus allen Dör fern , welche die Insurgenten durchzogen , haben sie Geißeln mit genommen. — Der „ Phare “ meldet , daß seit dem Falle von Segura die ganze Umgegend sich für die Christinos erklärt habe ; die Ein wohner wollen Milizcorps bilden , um sich selbst gegen die Car listen vertheidigen zu können. — Nach Briefen aus Morella hatte eine Brigade der arra gonischen Carlisten , 4 Bataillone stark , Monteagado gestürmt , und das Forr Barbara mit dem Bajonet genommen , wobei 500 Gefangene gemacht und 40 Pferde erbeutet wurden. — In Passages war das Gerücht verbreitet , daß alle noch dort befindlichen englischen Schiffe Befehl zur Abfahrt erhalten hätten. Die Corvette Lord Hay ' s setzte eilig ihr Tau = und Se gelwerk in Stand , und ein Dampfschiff sollte nach St. Seba stian oder Santander abgehen. Bayonne , 13. März. Ein guter Theil der carlistischen Gar nison von Castellote hat diesen Platz verlassen , wo nur noch eine einzige Compagnie bleibt. Cabrera hat sich nach Mora de Ebro zurückgezogen. Die Seinigen schreiben ihm den Plan zu , daß er sich bei der ersten Schlappe , die nothwendig entscheidend sein wird , nach Frankreich begeben wolle. Madrid , 11. März. Hier herrscht die größte Ruhe. Man glaubt , daß die Kammer in 2 Tagen constituirt seie und alsdann Hrn. Isturitz zum Präsidenten wählen wird. Die Ant wortadresse wird im Senate ohne Abänderung durchgehen. Seit Kurzem sieht man hier eine Anzahl Holländer , die , wie es heißt , Nationalgüter ankaufen wollen. Es wäre ein Glück , wenn sich mehre solche Speculanten einfänden. — In der gestrigen Senats sitzung wurde der Quadrupelvertrag von Hrn. Herosa angegrif feu , durch Perez de Castro und den Herzog von Frias jedoch siegreich vertheidigt. * * Bayonne , 14. März. Aus Catalonien wird berichtet , daß Cabrera die thätigsten Anstalten trifft , um den Christinos allenthalben kräftig zu begegnen. Er hat Balmaseda nach Ara gonien gesandt , wohin Lebandero voranging. Brigadier Arman soll den von seiner Gefaugenschaft auf Majorca angegriffenen Segarra in Catalonien unterstützen. Die catalonische Junta be harrt auf der Verhaftung des Canonicus Tristany , der in sei nem Kloster eingeschlossen ist. Portugal. Nach Berichten aus Lissabon vom 9. März hatte die Regie rung die Ausführung ihres Planes , sich bei den bevorstehenden Wahlen die Mehrheit zu sichern , damit begonnen , daß sie alle Generalverwalter und andere Ortsbehörden , welche als der Op position geneigt bekannt waren oder dafür galten , absetzte und mehre Officiere , die in gleichem Rufe standen , von ihren Com mando ' s entfernte. Unter letzteren war Oberst Fontoura , der sich gegen die Guerillas auszeichnete : Während die Minister solche Vorkehrungen treffen , halten auch die Ultra ' s und die Miguelisten Versammlungen im Hause eines vornehmen Miquelisten zu Lis sabon und haben bereits ein Schutz = und Trutzbundniß gegen die gemäßigte Partei im Allgemeinen , und gegen die jetzige Regie rung insbesondere abgeschkossen. Wenn die Miquelisten des gan zen Landes sich dieser Ligue auschließen , so können sie der Re gierung viel zu schaffen machen. Großbritannien. London , 16. März. Vor einigen Abenden fand eine Ver sammlung der arbeitenden Classen von Lambeth und Southwark in der Mäßigkeitshalle zur Erörterung der Frage Statt , ob eine Aufhebung der Korngesetze für die arbeitenden Claffen eine Wohl that sein würde ? Drei Redner sollten auf jeder Seite das Für und Wider vertheidigen , und am Schlusse die Versammlung durch Händeaufhebung die Frage entscheiden. Der Saal war gedrängt voll , und viele Hunderte der achtbarsten Handwerker und Arbei ter anwesend. Nachdem ein Vorsitzender gewählt , stellten sich die Vertheidiger der Korngesetze auf die eine , und die Advocaten der Aufhebung auf die andere Seite , und alle sechs hielten ab wechselnd jeder eine halbstündige Rede. Der dritte Redner gegen die Korngesetze war ' Connell. Am Ende erfolgte die Händeer hebung , und der Vorsitzende erklärte , daß die große Mehrheit für Aufhebung der Korngesetze stimme. Zugleich zeigte derselbe an , daß am 16. ( heute ) eine Vorlesung über die Dringlichkeit einer Aufhebung dieser Gesetze gehalten werden solle. — Das „ Limerik = Chronicle “ zeigt an , daß seit 8 Monaten in der Grafschaft Kerrykein Todschlag vorgekommen sei , und fügt bei , daß dies schwerlich eine andere Grafschaft Irlands seit un denklichen Zeiten von sich rühmen könne. — Dasselbe Blatt meldet als glorreiches Resultat der Mäßigkeitsvereine , daß die ses Jahr noch kein einziges Gesuch um die Erlaubniß , eine Branntweinschenke zu halten , an die Accisebehörden gelangt sei , und daß mehre Schenken = Inhaber nur auf den Ablauf ihres Li cenzscheines warten , um ein anderes Geschäft zu beginnen. London , 17. März. Die Diners und Bälle bei Hofe und in der vornehmen Welt sind gegenwärtig besonders glänzend. Ge stern gab die Königin ein großes Diner im Buckinghampallaste und zwei Tage zuvor Lady Palmerston Souper und Ball , wo bei über 300 Gäste anwesend waren. — Ein Journal will aus bester Quelle wissen , daß man da mit umgehe , Sir R. Peel und Lord I. Russell zu Sheriffs von London för das nächste Jahr vorzuschlagen. Beide seien Bürger , und könnten daher diesen Posten nicht ablehnen , ohne eine Geld buße von 600 Pfd. St. zu zahlen. — Die Morning = Post zeigt an , daß der irländische Erzbischof von Armagh in seiuer hiesigen Wohnung eingetroffen sei , und vorgestern mit Miß Beresford einen Spazierritt im Park machte. — Die gestrige Oberhaussitzung war ohne Interesse ; das Unterhaus konnte gar keine Sitzung halten , weil um 4 Uhrnoch nicht 33 Mitglieder beisammen waren. — Der „ Globe “ enthält eine Uebersicht der Kriegsschiffe , welche bereits abgesegelt sind , oder noch absegeln werden , um , wie er sich ausdrückt , die britische Ehre an den Küsten von China zu rächen. immer eine höchst schwierige Aufgabe böten. Man fürchtet über dies für die Person des Fürsten , daß nämlich die absolute Par tei , welche der Entwickelung des öffentlichen Geistes bisher im mer in den Weg trat , sich seiner bemächtigen und die alte Ord nung einzuführen trachten werde. Von dem durch den Fürsten Miloschorganisirten — bei in Kraftsetzung des organischen Statuts durch den Senat aufgelösten — regulären Militärhat die Regierung vor einiger Zeit etwa 150 Mann zusammengerafft , um daraus eine Ehren = oder Leibgarde für den jungen Fürsten zu bilden. Von diesen Leuten , die für das alte Regime noch viele Sym pathie bewahren , von denen auch bekanntlich der schmählich mißlungene Gegenrevolutions = Versuch , der dem Fürsten Milosch seinen Thron köstete , ausging , sind während der letzten Wo chen etwa achtzig Mann mit Waffen und Bagage desertirt , was um so mehr beunruhigt , als man Spuren haben will , daß diese Entweichungen mit dem Plane : sich der Person Fürsten zu bemächtigen und ihn nach nach Kragugewatz , der alten Residenz , zu führen , im Zusammenhange stehen. — Die Montenegriner verhalten sich seit einiger Zeit vollkommen ruhig ; sie scheinen verblüfft über die unerfüllt gebliebene Intima tion einer allgemeinen Empörung der Christen in der Türkei , wovon sie sich eine thaten = und gewinnreiche Zeit versprachen und wozu sie durch ihre frevelhaften kühnen Raubzüge die Ein leitung zu bilden sich dachten. Der Vladika hatte , vermuthlich in dieser Aussicht , Medaillen prägen lassen , um die Tapfersten seiner Leute damit zu belohnen ; sie tragen auf der einen Seite die Aufschrift „ Montenegro “ , auf der andern „ für Tapferkeit und den Glauben. “ Ein Zeuge , welcher diese Medaillen gesehen hat , kann übrigens von ihrer wahrhaft elenden Beschaffenheit nicht genug erzählen , und der Vladika selbst soll eine so schlechte Meinung von ihrer Fertigungs = Weise haben , daß er sich mit dem Gedanken trägt , sie in Deutschland oder Italien umprägen zu lassen. Wahrscheinlich wurden sie in Montenegro gemacht und entsprechen somit in ihrer gegenwärtigen Gestalt vollkom men dem Stand der Kunst und Bildung dieses Landes. Aus Anlaß einiger frühern Gefechte mit den Türken hatte sich der Vladika erlaubt , „ russische “ Tapferkeits = Medaillen zu vertheilen , worüber ihm neulich von Seiten des petersburger Cabinets gro ßes Mißfallen bezeigt wurde ; dies hat ihn vollends bestimmt , eigene Medaillen zu stiften. Ein Schreiben aus Mostaganem vom 28. Febr. im „ Consti tutionnel “ berichtet Nachstehendes : Als Abd = el = Kader nach dem Unfalle vor Mazagran die Dörfer der Stämme besuchte , um Mannschaft zu sammeln , wollten die Araber ihm nicht gehorchen , und drückten den Wunsch aus , die Waffen niederzulegen. Abd = el Kader entfernte sich klüglich , und ging mit weniger Begleitung nach Tekedempta , sandte aber von hier aus sogleich zwei regu läre Bataillone unter seinem Lieutenant , Bon Hameidi , zur Züch tigung der Widerspenstigen ab. Dieser überfiel die Stämme von Cherchell , Tenez , Kolah rc. am 26. Febr. und richtete ein gro ßes Gemetzel unter ihnen an ; einige Berichte geben die Zahl der Erschlagenen bis zu 1500 an. Auch nahm er mehre Gefan gene mit fort. Mustapha Ben = Thani , der vor Mazagran ge schlagen wurde , war bei seiner Rückkehr nach Mascara entwe der enthauptet oder eingekerkert worden. America. Aus Port = au = Prince auf Hayti erfährt man unterm 17. Jan. , daß die durch den letzten Staatsstreich gegen mehre Mitglieder der Legislatur entstandene Aufregung beschwichtigt , und seitdem Alles ruhig geblieben war. Dagegen herrschte arge Hungers noth auf der Insel , da es auf den Märkten fast gänzlich an Mehl und Getreide fehlte. 162 , 163 , 165 , 167 ; 1021 Pfd , dito Sommerg. fl. 156. — Hafer ! Partieen wie nachstehend : 88 , 90 Pfd. neu , dick. fl. 134 , 138 ; 86 , % 91 Pfd. alt. fein. fl. 130 , 132 , 138 ; 82 Pfd. neu , dito fl. 116 ; Pfd. neu. Futterh. fl. 90. Kohlsaat L. 1 höher : betuwsch. L. 57 ; obermaasch. L. 57 ; erom horn. L. 55 und 57 ; alt. elve. L. 50 ; 9 Faß von Hälfte März b “ Hälfte April L. 62½ ; im April L. 62. — Leinsaat ohne Handel. In der öffentlichen Versteigerung sind gegen den 23. d. angescht “ gen : circa 21 Last 100 Pfd. riga. Leinsaat. Rüböl ordinär fl. 36½ ; effert. fl. 35¼ à 35¾ ; prm. Mai 35½ “ 35½ ; Sept. fl. 35¾ ; Oct. fl. 35¾ à 36 ; Nov. fl. 36. — Lein “ “ ordinär fl. 29 ; effect. fl. 27¾ à 28. — Hanföl ordinär fl. 32. Rübkuchen pr. 1040 St. fl. 63 à 68. — Leinkuchen pr. 104 fl. 8 à 10½ Börsencourse am 18 März 2½ % wirk ! Schuld Unsterdam , 18. März dito 98 7 / à ⅛ ; Kanzbillets 25 180 ; Arboins 26 3/16. à ¼ wirkl. Schuld 52 3/46. à ¼ ; 5 % Actien der Handels = Maatschappy Berlin , 17. März. St. = Sch. = Sch. Br. 104¼ , 103¾. ; pr. engl. Obl. Br. 103 , u2 , 1021 /. ; Präm , Sch. d. Seeh. Br. 73½ , G. 73¼ Br. 1035/12 , 102 12. ; Präm. = Sch. d. Seeh. Br. 73¾ , G 73¼ Frankfurt , 18. März. 5 % M. 100 %. ; 4 % M. 101¼. ;. =. 2213G. Logson , 16. März. Cons. 90⅞8 ; Ardoins 28¾ à 29¼. 1 Paris , 18. März. 5 % 113 F. 65 C. , 3 % 83 F. 60. ; Ard. 29½. Frucht = , Getreide = und Oel = Preise. Amsterdam , 18. März. Weizen und Roggen ward heute bloß zum Verbrauch an Consumenten verkauft : 127 Pfd. alt. weißh. voln. Weizen fl. 387 ; 130 Pfo. neu. oberländ. fl. 312 ; 127 Pfd. neu. seeländ , fl. 312 ; 120 Pfd. neu oberyss. Roggen fl. 173. — Gerste zu vorigen Preisc mit viel Handel : 98 , 99 , 100 Pfo. frieß. Winterg. fl. Meteorologische Beobachtungen. Barometer. Thermometer. Wind. Wetter. 19. März. Abds. 9 U. 28 3. 2,5 L. + 1,3 R. N heiter , 20. „ Mgs. 7 U. 28 3. 2,5 L. — 0,6 R. N trüb. Mig. 1 u. 28 3. 8 8. Jt. 3 R. Ra trb. , Schiffahrts = Anzeige. — Köln , 20. März 1840. Angekommen : W. Müller von Cohlenz. In Ladung : Nach Rotterdam Pet. v. Hees ; nach Amsterd Em. Haasters ; nach Ruhrort bis Emmerich W. Pesch ; nach Düss “. dorf bis Mulheim an der Ruhr Joh. Budberg ; nach Anderrs und Neuwied Pet. Schäfer und B. Schilowski ; nach Coblenz und Mosel Jos. Zeiler ; nach Mainz C.
| 20,121 |
https://github.com/ivaninkv/python_basics/blob/master/week2/module3/module2_32.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| null |
python_basics
|
ivaninkv
|
Python
|
Code
| 52 | 134 |
import itertools
def primes():
def is_prime(n):
d = n - 1
while d > 1:
if n % d == 0:
return False
d -= 1
return True
n = 1
while True:
n += 1
if is_prime(n):
yield(n)
def main():
print(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x <= 31, primes())))
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
| 15,752 |
https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levasy%20%28Missouri%29
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Levasy (Missouri)
|
https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Levasy (Missouri)&action=history
|
Min Nan Chinese
|
Spoken
| 26 | 72 |
Levasy sī Bí-kok Missouri chiu Jackson kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (city).
Jîn-kháu
Chit ūi tī 2010 nî ê jîn-kháu-sò͘ sī 83 lâng.
Missouri ê chng-thâu
| 20,985 |
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantispa%20lobata
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Mantispa lobata
|
https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mantispa lobata&action=history
|
Vietnamese
|
Spoken
| 26 | 57 |
Mantispa lobata là một loài côn trùng trong họ Mantispidae thuộc bộ Neuroptera. Loài này được Navás miêu tả năm 1912.
Chú thích
Tham khảo
Mantispa
| 22,384 |
https://github.com/arusinha/incubator-netbeans/blob/master/enterprise/j2eeserver/src/org/netbeans/modules/j2ee/deployment/devmodules/spi/J2eeApplicationImplementation2.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
incubator-netbeans
|
arusinha
|
Java
|
Code
| 242 | 542 |
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package org.netbeans.modules.j2ee.deployment.devmodules.spi;
import org.netbeans.modules.j2ee.deployment.devmodules.api.J2eeModule;
import org.netbeans.modules.j2ee.deployment.devmodules.api.ModuleListener;
/**
* Base SPI interface for {@link org.netbeans.modules.j2ee.deployment.devmodules.api.J2eeApplication}.
* Implementation of this interface is used to create
* {@link org.netbeans.modules.j2ee.deployment.devmodules.api.J2eeApplication}
* instance using the {@link J2eeModuleFactory}.
*
* @author sherold, Petr Hejl
*
* @since 1.59
*/
public interface J2eeApplicationImplementation2 extends J2eeModuleImplementation2 {
/**
* Returns a list of all the J2EEModules which this J2eeApplication contains.
*
* @return list of all the child J2EEModules
*/
J2eeModule[] getModules();
/**
* Registers the specified ModuleListener for notification about the module
* changes.
*
* @param listener ModuleListener
*/
void addModuleListener(ModuleListener listener);
/**
* Unregister the specified ModuleListener.
*
* @param listener ModuleListener
*/
void removeModuleListener(ModuleListener listener);
}
| 34,173 |
https://github.com/paveloom-university/Computational-Workshop-S05-2019/blob/master/H7 (Решение краевых задач)/Исходники/Модуль/Входные_данные/Получение/get_alpha_2_pt_s.f90
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Unlicense
| 2,019 |
Computational-Workshop-S05-2019
|
paveloom-university
|
Fortran Free Form
|
Code
| 30 | 107 |
submodule ( input_m ) get_alpha_2_pt_s
implicit none
contains
! Функция для получения указателя
! на значение параметра alpha_2
module procedure get_alpha_2_pt
alpha_2_pt => input%alpha_2
end procedure get_alpha_2_pt
end submodule get_alpha_2_pt_s
| 38,264 |
bpt6k3761700n_2
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French-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| null |
None
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None
|
French
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Spoken
| 6,862 | 11,655 |
Espèce ovine. Mêles ou femelles 1ère classe de 25 fr. 1ère prime de 2e classe de 15 fr. Nota. — Ces animaux devront avoir au moins 6 mois. 3ème classe. — Espèce porcine. Mêles ou femelles 1ère classe de 25 fr. 1ère prime de 2e classe de 15 fr. Nota. — Ces animaux devront être âgés de 6 mois au moins. PRIX SPÉCIAL Une prime de 100 fr. sera décernée au mâle le plus méritant de la race bovine, ayant obtenu un premier prix dans les concours cantonaux de 1874. — Ce prix exclu de la prime d'honneur. MEDAILLE D’HONNEUR Une médaille d'honneur sera décernée au concours, entre les animaux qui auront obtenu le premier prix dans l’une des catégories de la race bovine. PRIX DE BANDE. Trois médailles : une de vermeil, une d’argent, une de bronze, seront distribuées. Pour concourir à ce prix, il faut présenter, sortant de la même étable, au moins trois femelles et un mâle âgé de plus d’un an. Nota. — Pour concourir à ce prix, la déclaration devra en être faite avant neuf heures du matin. Art. 5. — Les animaux qui ont obtenu des primes dans les concours généraux et régionaux ne seront pas admis à concourir. Leur présence pourra néanmoins donner lieu au rappel de la prime obtenue, et à une indemnité de 5 fr. pour le palefrenier. Art. 6. — Les animaux primés dans un précédent concours départemental, ne pourront concourir de nouveau que pour des primes d’un degré extérieur à celles précédemment obtenues dans la même catégorie. Art. 7. — Toute personne qui sera convaincue d’avoir fait une fausse déclaration d’âge ou de race des animaux présentés, pourra être exclue du concours par le jury. Art. 8. — Les éleveurs sont tenus, en faisant enregistrer leurs animaux, de déclarer s’ils ont ou non été primés dans les concours agricoles. Art 9. — Instruments agricoles. Trois médailles seront accordées, une de vermeil, une d’argent, une de bronze. La dénonciation que l’on a écrite par ce magistrat n’est pas spontanée, la dénonciation l’a forcé pour engager la poursuite. Le préfet de Montauban déclare dans cette lettre que l’abbé Saignes avait été réprimandé par son évêque pour avoir été à Chislehurst. M. le préfet en transcrivant ces mots, a dépassé son droit. M. Saignes a été à Chislehurst, c’est vrai, mais qui peut en faire un crime ? Ceux qui vont prier sur la tombe de Napoléon III s'honorent, a dit un jour M. de Broglie ; l’abbé Saignes a été à Chislehurst, non pas au 9 janvier, alors que nous y pleurions le Prince que la France avait acclamé tant de fois ; non pas au 16 mars, alors que nos cœurs reprenaient la foi en l’avenir à la vue de l’héritier des Napoléon ; l’abbé Saignes a été seul accomplir le pieux pèlerinage de la chapelle Sainte-Marie de Chislehurst. Seul, ainsi, il a eu le bonheur de s’incliner devant celui en qui reposent les destinées des Napoléon. Il ne faut pas se faire illusion, l’abbé Saignes a été poursuivi sur les dénonciations d’un journal de Montauban, le Républicain, qui n’a su qu’inventer pour mener à bonne fin une poursuite qui ne repose sur rien. Et c'est sur cette question constamment posée par le journaliste dénonciateur à la suite : "Pourquoi n’a-t-on pas poursuivi ?" que l’abbé Saignes a été enfin traîné en police correctionnelle. Je place à la hauteur d’un principe, continue l’éminent avocat, que celui qui change d'opinion, après être descendu du pouvoir, n’est pas un honnête homme. La loi de 1849 est une loi excellente, j’en ai été et j’en suis le plus zélé partisan. Cette loi a été faite pour réprimer et empêcher la corruption de l’esprit et du cœur, c’est une bonne loi. Mais qu’il y a-t-il de commun entre les faits punis par cette loi et le fait reproché à l’inculpé ? L’abbé Saignes a fait ce que beaucoup ont fait, il a propagé, si cela est nécessaire, le nom de Napoléon. Dans la poursuite actuelle de qui s’agit-il ? D’un enfant de dix-neuf ans, qui est l’héritier du plus grand nom. Il s'appelle Napoléon. Quels que soient les hasards des révolutions, on ne peut lui enlever l’éclat qui l’environne. Un gouvernement qui a été, à quatre reprises différentes, acclamé par sept millions de suffrages, est un grand gouvernement. Le Prince Impérial a le plus grand nom des temps modernes, comment s’étonner que le paysan, avec ce bon sens qui ranime mes forces et qui fortifie mes espérances, car moi aussi, je suis un RURAL, comment dis-je, s’étonner que le paysan dise à son curé, j’ai chez moi le portrait de Napoléon Ier, celui de Napoléon III, je veux avoir celui de Napoléon IV pardon, du Prince Impérial ! Non, Messieurs, il n’y a pas de puissance au monde qui puisse effacer le souvenir d’un tel nom, non-seulement du cœur de ces gens-là, mais encore de l’histoire. Cherchez dans toutes les administrations le fondateur de ces grandes et nobles institutions, tout vous répond : Napoléon ? Chez vous-mêmes, chez vous, juges, le nom de Napoléon plane glorieusement sur cette grande institution de la magistrature française, le Code, c’est le Code Napoléon. Ceux qui ont été les ennemis de cet homme ont dû s’incliner devant l’éclat de son nom : Chateaubriand, qui avait écrit son pamphlet sur les Bourbons et Buonaparte, écrivait au prince Louis-Napoléon en 1832 : Vous savez, Prince, que mon jeune roi est en Écosse ; que tant qu’il vivra, il ne peut y avoir pour moi d’autre roi de France que lui ; mais si Dieu, dans ses impénétrables conseils, avait rejeté la race de Saint-Louis, si les mœurs de notre patrie ne lui rendaient pas l’état républicain possible, il n’y a pas de nom qui aille mieux à la gloire de la France que le vôtre. CHATEAUBRIAND. BRIAND. Béranger, le poète des mansardes, l'a popularisé. Victor Hugo, ce grand génie, qui cessa d’être poète le lendemain où il a cessé de respecter le nom de Napoléon, a écrit : Ce siècle avait deux ans, Rome remplaçait Sparte, Déjà Napoléon perçait sous Buonaparte. Aujourd’hui encore, aujourd’hui surtout le nom de Napoléon existe ; en 1830, quand un gouvernement, qui ne fut qu’un accident dans la vie politique de la France, crut devoir reprendre le drapeau tricolore ; M. Thiers, qui a su, dans son Histoire du Consulat et de l’Empire, nous faire incliner devant le 18 Brumaire, comme ses successeurs le feront devant le 2 Décembre, M. Thiers, alors ministre, jugea opportun d'étayer le gouvernement de Juillet et de Napoléon, et fit ramener en France les cendres du grand capitaine. Voici comment s'exprima, à ce sujet, le ministre de l'intérieur d’alors devant la Chambre des députés : CHAMBRE DES DÉPUTÉS Séance du 12 mai M. le président. — La parole est à M. le ministre de l'intérieur pour une communication du gouvernement. M. LE MINISTRE DE L'INTÉRIEUR. — Messieurs, le roi a ordonné à Son Altesse Royale, monseigneur le Prince de Joinville, mouvement d'attention et de curiosité, de se rendre avec sa frégate, à l'île de Sainte-Hélène (nouveau mouvement), pour y recueillir les restes mortels de l'Empereur Napoléon. (Explosion d'applaudissements prolongés dans toutes les parties de l'Assemblée.) Nous venons vous demander les moyens de les recevoir dignement sur la terre de France, et d'lever à Napoléon son dernier tombeau. (Bruyantes acclamations.) Il importe, en effet, messieurs, à la majesté d'un tel souvenir, que cette sépulture auguste ne demeure pas exposée sur une place publique, au milieu d’une foule bruyante et distraite. Il convient qu'elle soit placée dans un lieu silencieux et sacré, où puissent la visiter avec recueillement tous ceux qui respectent la gloire et le génie, la grandeur et l'infortune. (Vive et religieuse émotion.) Il fut empereur et roi ; il fut le souverain légitime de notre pays. (Marques éclatantes d’assentiment.) À ce titre, il pourrait être le héros de Sébastien ; mais il ne faut pas Napoléon l'ordinaire des rois ; il faut qu’il règne et commande encore dans l'enceinte où vient se reposer les os de la patrie et où iront toujours inspirer ceux qui seront appelés à la défendre. Son épée sera déposée sur sa tombe. (Bravos enthousiastes.) L'art élèvera sous le dôme, au milieu du temple consacré par la religion au Dieu des armées, un tombeau digne, s’il se peut, du nom qui doit y être gravé. Ce monument doit avoir une beauté simple, des formes grandes, et cet aspect de solidité inébranlable qui semble braver l’action du temps. Il faudrait à Napoléon un monument durable consacré à sa mémoire. (Très bien ! Très bien Braves enthousiastes.) Ces paroles étaient prononcées par M. de Rémusat, le Rémusat d’alors, le bon, le vrai de Rémusat, qui réchauffait le marbre de la tribune du feu de ses larmes. Que viens-je faire ici, messieurs, sinon défendre un homme qui n’a jamais fait pour le nom de Napoléon tout ce que tant d’autres ont fait. À Couloussac, on a en profonde vénération le nom de Napoléon, chacun veut en perpétuer le souvenir dans l’intimité du foyer domestique. Et cette affection est si grande, qu’un fait seul vous en démontrera toute la sincérité. M. l’abbé Saignes, au 16 mars, fit signer une adresse au Prince Impérial à ses paroissiens ; sur 184 qui savaient signer, 182 signèrent, les deux autres refusèrent ; savez-vous pourquoi. C’est que ne sachant pas très bien lire, ils crurent que l’adresse était adressée à Henri V : aussi, quand M. l’abbé fut condamné à Moissac, ces deux individus vinrent lui faire des excuses. Voilà, messieurs, ce que peut le nom de Napoléon. M. l'abbé Saignes est bonapartiste, et le répète dans cette enceinte, la seule où il ne craigne pas d’être insulté quand on se pare de ce nom ; l’acte qu’il a commis ne peut, en présence des monuments élevés à la mémoire du nom de Napoléon, être puni par nos lois pénales, parce qu’un Français aura cherché à perpétuer dans l’esprit et le cœur de tous le nom de celui à qui la République doit sa grandeur, il ne peut être coupable. Nous n’avons fait que tracer à grands traits cette remarquable plaidoirie. et quelle que soit la fidélité de notre mémoire, le lecteur ne pourra avoir, par le travail incomplet ci-dessus, qu’une idée imparfaite du talent de l’éminent orateur, qui, dans un langage d’une correction parfaite et d’une élévation d’esprit aussi élevée que la conviction de ses sentiments était profonde, a su captiver un auditoire aussi choisi que celui qui se pressait dans le prétoire de la cour. M. Jolibois a ensuite plaidé la question de droit, que nous ne transcrirons pas ici, ne pouvant être d'aucun intérêt pour le lecteur. M. Lecointe a pris la parole pour soutenir la poursuite, a rendu hommage au talent de l’éminent avocat et s’est borné à discuter la question de droit. Comme nous l'avons annoncé, la cour a confirmé le jugement du tribunal de Moissac. Le procès est perdu. M. l’abbé Saignes paiera 16 fr. d’amende et les frais. Mais une cause qui compte sous son drapeau des hommes aussi dévoués que les habitants de Couloumès, des défenseurs aussi éloquents et aussi convaincus que M. Jolillois, ne saurait périr. La force des partisans du Prince impérial est dans le nom de Napoléon, dont l’auguste exilé est digne héritier; et le nom de Napoléon défie toutes les inanités et toutes les atteintes. FAITS DIVERS LES CRAVATES VERTES Le Petit Journal annonce la nouvelle arrestation d’un membre de la bande de « cravates vertes », nommé Jackson, qui, arrêté déjà le 6 août, avait réussi à « échapper » pendant le trajet du Dépôt au cabinet du juge d’instruction : Cet homme avait eu l’audace d’embacher un commissaire de police qui l’avait arrêté, et dans une lettre qu’il avait accusé d’être l’auteur de quantité de vols les plus audacieux. Les plus éminents agents de la police de sûreté avaient été lancés à sa poursuite, et son signalement envoyé de tous côtés. Mais la police supposait qu’un tel dangereux malfaiteur était resté à Paris. En effet, dans la journée d'hier, deux agents l’ont arrêté dans un cabaret de la rue de Belleville. Dans la crainte d'une nouvelle évasion, ils l’attachèrent solidement, le mirent dans un fiacre, et le menèrent chez M. Bailon, commissaire de police, celui-là même auquel il avait écrit sa lettre. Son attitude, devant le magistrat a été des plus cyniques; il l’injuriait en le tutoyant, ainsi que les employés. Il a été envoyé sous bonne garde. gu Dépôt. Il semble certain que plusieurs membres de cette terrible bande sont encore en liberté et continuent leurs méfaits. Plusieurs vols des plus audacieux ont été commis ces trois derniers jours dans le dix-huitième arrondissement, notamment au n° 10 de la rue Château d'Eau, où la chambre d’hôte boucher a été entièrement dévalisé ; dans une maison de la place Daucourt en face du poste de police, où les voleurs ont fait main basse sur les objets de valeur des chambres de l’étage supérieur, et dans la rue des Trois-Frères. Les enquêtes faites au sujet de ces vols semblent prouver qu’ils ont été commis par des individus faisant partie de la bande dénoncée par les affiliés qui sont sous les verrous. DÉPARTEMENTS ET COLONIES UNE LOCOMOTIVE EMPORTEÉE À l'arrivée du train venant de la Champagne, le train partant ordinairement de Reims pour Paris, par Soissons, n’avait pas fini par arriver à son terminus, à ami-ruit 24, s’est mis en route avec quarante et quelques minutes de retard. Voici la cause de la longue attente qu’avaient de subir les voyageurs de ce train. Dans tous les dépôts, c’est-à-dire dans les grandes gares, il y a un dortoir où les mécaniciens et chauffeurs de service vont prendre quelque repos entre les divers trains qu’ils dirigent. Durant cette fois, des hommes de peine, auxquels il est expressément interdit de manier les machines, allument ou entretiennent les feux. C’est ainsi qu’à Soissons, dimanche, un de ces hommes se trouvait sur une machine. Il s’aperçut que l’eau manquait, et, contrairement à ses instructions, au lieu d’aller réveiller le chauffeur ou le mécanicien, il mit la machine en mouvement et la dirigea vers la pompe d’alimentation. Mais cet homme avait trop présumé de son savoir, et il vit bientôt qu’il n’était plus maître de la situation. Un des leviers de la machine, auquel n’avait pas été mis l’arrêt, manœuvrait furieuse, et, atteignant l’imprudent ouvrier, le renversa à terre. Et la locomotive, sans conducteur, partait avec une vitesse de soixante kilomètres à l’heure dans la direction de Reims ! Elle se trouvait, circonstance effrayante, à contre-voie, c’est-à-dire sur la voie où devait parcourir le train partant de Reims à la même heure environ. On télégraphia aussitôt à tous les chefs de gare, et le départ du train de Reims fut suspendu. Entre temps, la machine franchissait la distance de Soissons à Sarry-Somain, brûlait cette gare et arrivait à Braisne, où le chef de gare avait heureusement pris des dispositions pour l’arrêter. On avait aiguillé, et la machine devait s’engager sur une voie de garage et aller buter contre un terre-plein. Des traverses et des sacs de terre avaient été disposés sur la voie pour occasionner le déraillement et amortir le choc. Tout se passa ainsi qu’il avait été prévu, et la locomotive arriva avec une effrayante vitesse, se briser contre les obstacles préparés. On frémit aux suites possibles que pouvait avoir cet accident, qui, grâce à la présence d’esprit du chef de gare de Braisne, se trouve réduit à une simple perte matérielle. ÉTRANGER EXPLOSION DE CARTOUCHES * On lit dans le Zérambien de Philippeville, du 9 août : Au moment où nous mettons sous presse, à 7 heures, nous apprenons qu’une explosion vient d’avoir lieu à la caserne des zouaves, dans la chambre où sont renfermées les cartouches. Voici les renseignements succincts qu’on nous fournit sur cet accident : Deux zouaves se trouvaient dans la chambre, occupés à confectionner des cartouches destinées aux jeunes conscrits, lorsque, par une cause qui nous est inconnue, une des cartouches a pris feu et a provoqué l’explosion, qui a été entendue par tout Philippeville. Les deux zouaves, qui sont, nous dit-on, grièvement blessés, ont été transportés immédiatement à l’hôpital, où les premiers soins leur ont été donnés. Les dégâts occasionnés par l’explosion ne sont pas considérables ; le plafond de la chambre, qui se trouve être heureusement au deuxième étage, et une partie du toit ont seulement été enlevés. Toutes les vitres de ce côté du bâtiment sont brisées. LA PRIÈRE DU MOUSSE Le New-York Freeman's Journal publie une touchante anecdote : Peu de jours après sa sortie du port de New York, un grand navire fut surpris par une tempête terrible, laquelle dura près d’une semaine. Une nuit, au fort de l’ouragan, les agrès de l’extrémité du grand mât s’emmêlèrent, et il fallait aller les mettre en ordre. Le second appela un mousse et lui ordonna de monter. L’enfant porta la main à son bonnet, mais hésita un moment, puis jetant un regard effrayé sur le mât qui se balançait et sur la mer furieuse, il traversa le pont à pas précipités et descendit dans le gaillard d’avant. Il en revint environ deux minutes après, saisit l’échelle de cordes sans dire un seul mot et se mit à grimper comme un écureuil. Les hommes de l’équipage le virent avec terreur à une hauteur effrayante. « Il ne redescendra jamais vivant », se disaient-ils l’un à l’autre. Mais la périlleuse corvée fut achevée en vingt minutes, et le mousse revint sain et sauf. Droit, le visage éclairé d’un sourire, il se rendit à l’arrière du navire. Un passager lui demanda : — Qu’êtes-vous allé faire en bas, quand on vous a ordonné de monter au grand mât ? — Je suis allé prier, répondit-il en rougissant et la lèvre frémissante. UN REPAS CHINOIS Un Autrichien, employé supérieur des douanes à Canton, raconte un repas officiel auquel il a été convié chez un mandarin à bouton de saphir. Tous les invités, réunis dans une cour extérieure, virent bientôt s’ouvrir devant eux les portes du logis et pénétrèrent dans une seconde cour, où ils furent reçus par un vacarme discordant de trompettes et autres instruments de musique et des décharges de pièces d’artillerie. De là, on les introduisit dans la salle à manger, qui n’est séparée de la seconde cour que par une grande glace sans tain. Tout autour se trouvaient des tabourets, et des petites tables chargées de tasses de thé, qui se prennent toujours avant le repas, en guise d’apéritifs. Les murs étaient recouverts de tableaux chinois tout comme des lampes et des lanternes en grand nombre pendaient du plafond. Bientôt on servit la table en présence des invités, auxquels leur amphitryon désignait lui-même avec force compliments, la place qu’ils devaient occuper, après les avoirs munis de petits bâtons de laque rouge destinés à remplacer les fourchettes. Le riz, le potage aux nids d’hirondelles, les nageoires de requin furent servis successivement. Puis leur succéda une soupe de petits colimaçons de la grosseur d’un poids, qui se mangent avec leur coquille, et des ragoûts de langues de veuves et de poisson au beurre noir. — Enfin, une espèce de plumpudding à l’huile de ricin termina le repas, dont l’Européen qui raconte les détails, se retira aussi écœuré, dit-il, que s’il avait mangé du caoutchouc bouillie. Le seul vin qui ait été versé est du champagne, et c’est, du reste, le seul que boivent les Chinois, mais en très-petite quantité, vu son prix élevé ; une caisse de 12 bouteilles ne se vend pas moins de 15 à 20 pièces d’or. PÊCHES ET MARCHÉS ÉVRON (Mayenne), 3 septembre. Froment, amenés 130 hect., à 19 fr. l’hect. — Méteil, amenés 12 hect., à 17-75 l’hect. — Orge, amenées 120 hect., à 12 75 l’hect. — Avoine, amenés 100 hect., à 9-50 l’hect. FOIRE DE LAVAL, 5 septembre. Le marché était moins approvisionné que le précédent, sans doute à cause de la foire qui aura lieu mercredi prochain (l’Angevine.) Hausse sur toutes les céréales, sauf sur le sarrasin. Baisse de 10 centimes par millier sur les veaux de boucherie. Froment, 3-05 ; orge, 2-50 ; avoine, 2-05 ; sarrasin, 2-75 ; le tout au double-décalitre. Veaux pour la boucherie; am. 42. — Moutons, am. 129. — Porcs gras et maigres, am. 28. Lièvres, de 4 à 5 fr. la pièce. — Perdrix rouges et grises, de 1-50 à 2 fr. la pièce. Poules, de 2-50 à 3-50 la couple. — Canards, de 3 à 4 fr. la couple. — Oies courantes, de 4 à 5 fr. la pièce. Œufs, à 80 c. la douzaine. — Beurre, 1-25 le 1/2 liv. AMBRIERES (Mayenne), 5 septembre 1874. Froment vieux, am. 15 hect., vend. 12 hect., de 16 à 18 fr. l’hect. — Froment nouveau, am. 35 hect., vend. 27 hect., de 16 à 18 fr. l’hect. — Méteil, am. 40 hect., vend. 34 hect., de 14 à 16 fr. l’hect. — Seigle, am. 9 hect., vend. 9 hect., de 13 à 15 fr. l’hect. — Orge, am. 45 hect., vend 36 hect., de 11 à 12 fr. l’hect. — Avoine, am. 54 hect., vend. 48 hect., de 8 à 10 fr. l’hect. — Sarrasin, am. 13 hect., vend. 13 hect., de 13 à 15 fr. l’hect. Pommes de terre, amenées 8 hect., vendues 8 hect., à 5 fr. l’hect. Pommes à couteau, amenées 259 mil., vendues 250 mil., à 10 c. le mil. — Poires à couteau, amenées 150 mil., vendues 150 mil., à 10 c. le mil. Chanvres, amenés 250 mil., vendus 250 mil., de 70 à 90 c. le mil. Bœufs pour la boucherie, de 1-30 à 1-50 le mil. — Vaches pour la boucherie, amenées 5, vendues 9, de 1 fr. à 1-20 le mil. — Vaches laitières et pour herbage, amenées 25, vendues 14, de 150 à 250 fr. la pièce. — Veaux pour la boucherie, amenés 8, vendus 8, de 1-20 à 1-40 le mil. — Veaux pour élever, amenés 56, vendus 35, de 150 à 250 fr. la pièce. — Génisses, amenées 15, vendues 9, de 200 à 400 fr. la pièce. — Moutons, amenés 4, vendus 3, de 1-30 à 1-50 le mil. — Agneaux, amenés 12, vendus 12, de 1-50 à 1-70 le mil. — Porcs gras, amenés 8, vendus 8, de 1-20 à 1-40 le kilo — Porcs maigres, amenés 13, vendus 7, de 30 à 50 fr. la pièce. Lièvres, am. 6, vend. 6, de 3 à 5 fr. la pièce. — Lapins, am. 8, vend. 8, de 1 fr. à 1-50 la pièce. — Perdrix grises, am. 9, vend. 9, de 1 fr, à 1-50 la pièce. — Cailles, am. 25, vend. 25, à 75 c. la pièce. Oeufs, à 75 c. la douzaine. — Beurre, à 1-20 le 1/2 mil. Prix du pain. — Pain mollet, 20 c. le 1/2 mil. — Pain blanc, 2-20 les 6 mil. — Pain bis, 1-80 les 6 mil. BULLETIN AGRO-COMMERCIAL Du 5 Septembre 1874. Les derniers avis de la semaine sont très fermes. La plupart des marchés tenus hier et jeudi ont éprouvé de la hausse sur le blé, et de la fermeté sur l’avoine et les autres menus grains. La hausse des huiles à Paris a fait monter le cours des graines de colza et des fillettes. Grande fermeté à Bordeaux, Nantes et Rouen. Les offres, encore suffisantes, menacent de devenir plus rares. Marché aux blés livré — Prix tiptop fermement tenus ; tendance à la hausse. Courant du mois 27 fr. ; octobre, 27 fr. ; novembre, décembre, 26,75 ; 4 de novembre, 26,75 ; 4 premiers, 1875, 26,75 77,75 mil., poids naturel à l’hectolitre, les 100 mil., nets, paiement net, comptant entrepôt. Marché aux seigles de Zürich. — Cours souhaités tenus. Courant du mois, 20,25 ; octobre, 19,75 ; novembre-décembre, 19,75 ; 4 de novembre, 19,75 ; 4 premiers, 1875, 19,75, les 70 à 72 mil., poids naturel à l’hect. les 100 mil. nets, paiement comptant. Farine de consommation. — Prix sans changement, mais tenus fermes. Marque Darblay, 60 fr. ; autres de choix, de 59 à 60 fr. ; bonnes marques, de 57 à 58 fr. ; ordinaires de 54 à 56 fr. le sac de 159 mil., toile à rendre, franco, au domicile des acheteurs, au comptant, avec 1/2 % ou à 30 jours, sans escompte. Farines de commerce. Huit Marques, le sac de 159 mil. net. — Courant du mois, 58,50 ; octobre, 58,25 ; novembre-décembre, 57,50 ; 4 de novembre, 57,50 ; 4 premiers, 1875, 57,50. Supérieures. — Courant du mois, 57,50 ; octobre, 57,25 ; novembre-décembre, 56,75 ; 4 de novembre, 56,75 ; 4 premiers, 1875, 56,75, le sac de 159 mil., toile perdue, en entrepôt, au comptant, avec escompte 1/2 % ou à 30 jours, sans escompte. Le cours des farines Huit Marques a été officiellement arrêté comme suit, à cinq heures : Disponible : 58,50 les 157 mil. net. Le cours des farines Supérieures a été officiellement arrêté comme suit, à cinq heures : Disponible : 57,15 les 157 mil. net. Pour les articles non signés : Le Rédacteur-Gérant, E. CHAMPION. Le Mans. — Hier. E. Champion. Étude de Me GAILLARD, notaire à Durtal (Maine-et-Loire). AVANT-VENTE L'AMIABLE ENSEMBLE OU SÉPARÉMENT L’ÉTABLISSEMENT EST MIS A CHAUFFAGE ET À BRIQUES ! DE SAINT-LÉONARD Situé ville de Durtal Comprenant : 10 Deux Fours à Chaux avec Carrière de pierre chicoree ; 10 Gros Fours à Briques, construits d’après un nouveau système. Bâtiments de service ; 3° Une Maison de maître ; 4° Bâtiments de service et Habitations d’ouvriers. Cet Établissement est dans une situation exceptionnelle. Pour tous renseignements, s'adresser à M. GAILLARD, notaire à Durtal. Etude de Me LEROY, notaire au Mans, rue des Minimes, n° 8. A VENDRE de gré à gré DEUX MAISONS: Situées au Mans, rue du Quartier de Chaumière, l’une portant le no 56, occupée par Mme veuve Duverger, et l’autre portant le no 58, occupée par M. Petit. S’adresser audit M. LEROY, notaire. Etude de M. CHARTIER, notaire à Saint-Memmoin-d’Arcé. De gré à gré ENSEMBLE DES TROIS FERMES De la Chênaie, la Craye et la Crairie, situées aux communes de Sennefroy-Gerin-d’Arcé (Sarthe), et Villiers-au-Bouin (Indre-et-Loire). Ces Fermes, se tenant, contiennent 127 hectares 23 ares, elles sont susceptibles d’une très-grande amélioration et de produire de 5 à 6 % du prix demandé. S’adresser, pour traiter : soit à M. Pigiel jeune, propriétaire à Sérigné (Orne), soit audit Me CHARTIER, chargé de faire visiter les lieux. PAPIER WIGILIN Le grand succès de ce remède est dû à sa propriété d’attirer à l’extérieur du corps l’irritation qui tend toujours à se fixer sur les organes essentiels à la vie; il déplace ainsi le mal en rendant la guérison facile et prompte. Les premiers médecins le recommandent particulièrement contre les rhumes, bronchites, maux de gorge, grippes, rhumatismes, lumbagos, douleurs. Son emploi est des plus simples : une ou deux applications suffisent le plus souvent et ne causent qu’une légère démangeaison. On le trouve dans toutes les pharmacies. Prix de la boîte de 10 feuilles : 1 fr. Se défier des contrefaçons. La Veloutine est une poudre de Riz spéciale préparée au bismuth, par conséquent d’une action salutaire sur la peau. Elle est adhérente et invisible, aussi donne-t-elle au teint une fraîcheur et une beauté naturelles. Ch. FAY, inventeur, 9, r. de la Paix, Les meilleures poudres de riz sans bismuth sont vendues 1 fr. 60 c. la botte. La SUPÉRIORITÉ des CONFIRES SAINT-JAMES est établie d'une façon incontestable par les plus hautes récompenses obtenues aux expositions universelles. Exiger le nom ou la marque de fabrique et le plomb de garantie pour les pots couverts en parchemin. GRAND DIPLOME D’HONNEUR Médaille d’or — Grande Médaille de Progrès (correspondant à la Médaille d’or). PARIS — LYON — VERSAISES. L'HYGIENE DE CLÉRAMBOURG RUE SAINT-HONORÉ, 98. A PARIS Contre la coupe: Rhumes, Catarrhes, Asthmes, Bronchites, Oppressions, Coqueluche: 1 fr. et 2 fr. 75. — Un siècle de succès. — Pilules de CLÉRAMBOURG, contre la constipation et le dégoût, purgent sans colique: 60 c.; 1 fr. 20; 2 fr. 40. DAIMS MES PHARMACIEUX, "et de CINQ MÉDAILLES bronze, argent ET OR aux GRANDES EXPOSITIONS UNIVERSELLES. Les variétés qui composent le CAFÉ des GOURMETS sont les meilleures et les plus estimées. — Les soins exceptionnels qui président à sa torréfaction, les procédés de concentration auxquels il est soumis et la garantie qu'il est exempt de tout mélange de chicorée ou autres substances analogues expliquent sa supériorité incontestée. Pour éviter les imitations ou les contrefaçons, exiger rigoureusement que toutes les boîtes soient scellées par une bande portant le nom: TRÉBUCIEN FRÈRES PÊCHE ET CHASSE EN VIVE À LA CAMPAGNE — JOURNAL DES CHASSEURS DE LA CHASSE ILLUSTRÉE (année). RÉOUVERTURE DE LA CHASSE CHASSE ET DE LA PÊCHE, XERCISE 15-18. Le moment est venu de reprendre son journal de chasse et de pêche; et en France, ce journal est unir de la France, ce journal est unir le l'est la Chasse illustrée, qui a réuni dans son cadre les autres recueils de ce genre. Son prix est le moindre des journaux illustrés, quoique ses gravures soient réputées belles par toutes. La livraison de chaque année, ses numéros hebdomadaires forment un admirable volume de salon : plus de 600 pages d’impression et 200 dessins, vignettes, planches, etc. L’œuvre a trouvé bon accueil dans toutes les meilleures fainées. ... ... .Prix : un an, 80 fr. — Six mois, 10 fr. — Trois mois, 5 fr. — Un numéro est envoyé gratis comme spécimen. En ce moment, la Chasse illustrée publie une délicieuse nouvelle: LES OBSÉSSIONS PÉCHÉES D’UN CHEVAL DE BUCÉLAS. M. le marquis de CLÉRAMBOURG; Un exemplaire complet de tout ce qui a paru jusqu’à ce jour sera donné aux abonnés nouveaux avant le 1er septembre. VIK.XÏ DE PARAITRE L'ALMANACH DIS LA CHASSE ILLUSTRÉEpour 1871-75 AVEC LE CARNET DU CHASSEUR „ Grand in-8o.. Ptès de 100 gravures, vignettes, fleurons, etc. — Prix, à nos bureau» 56, rue Jacob, à Paris T 1 fr.; par la poste : 1 fr. 85. *Adresser les demandes à M. Alfred FlRMLN-DlDuT, directeur de la Chass» illuelrfe 56, rue Jacob, à Paris. • narre,CHEMINS DE FERSERVICE D’ETEANGEHS A PARIS PAR LE MANSANGERS A PARIS PAR TOURSANGERS A NANTESANGERS A NIORTClasses..1 2 31 2 31 2 3■Classes,..11 2 31 2 31 2111 2 3Classes...1 2 31 2 31 2 31 2 3lb2 31 2 3matinmatinmatinmatinsoirsoirsoir(d^.)<dép.)4 173 4545114 376 72 69 589 211243041611211943(<irr.)terr.)9matinmatinsoirsoirsoirsoirsoir*soirsoirPARIS A ANGERS PAR Ljb, MANSPARIS A ANGERS PAR TOURSNANTES A ANGERSNIORT A ANGERS1 2 234 75 20(arr.)8 45. corr.)(arr.)soirmatinmatinsoirsoirmatinmatinmatinsoir2 2 26 6 6 66 88 22 31 457 76 6 6 66 730 310 40 3 20 4 1948 15 37 463 14 305 6 7 7 77 831 40 496 15 1713 22 35 461 13 3012 1 1 110 6 7 8 8 8 9 9 94 30 4 39 4 4618 29 39 497 — 7 49 7 598 8 8 10•8 8 9 1158 12 32 56 1640 58 11 30 508Paris Tours SAUMUR SAINT-MARTIN.. LES ROSIERS. LA MÉNITRÉ .... SAINT-MATHURIN LA BOHALLE. .. TRÉLAZÉ AngersAngers TRÉLAZÉ LA BOHALLE SAINT-MATHURIN LA MÉNITRÉ LES ROSIERS. .. SAINT-MARTIN. SAUMUR Tours Paris11 121 1 1 1 2 2 o6 26 6 37 7 3110 111 1 o 2 2 2 2soir 9 308 8 10 7matin 9 10 2 25 4 12matin 8 4510 22 333 4 5 46 3 LA POSSONNIÈRE. SAINT-GEORGES. CHAMPTOCÉ INGRANDES VARADES-S‘-FLORENT. Hantes(arr.) 12 11 1 2 2 230 8 3 69 50 8 4 40 soir matin 30 40 33 45 56 7 14 24 34 50 5 5 6 — 6 8 6 4 matin soir 6 8 8 8 8 soir 1 soir 5 25 37 47 58 18 30, 43 8 9 9 50 soir matin 11 23 Niort BRESSUIRE MAULÉVRIER. CHOLET TRÉMENTINES. CHEMILLÉ LA JUMELLIÈRE. CHALONNES LA POSSONNIÈRE Angers(arr.) 17 38 49 3 CHOLET MAULÉVRIER BRESSUIRE. Niort.... 20 12 30 soir matin 50 matin 36 57 00 soir 8 45 1 23 3 8 11 19 31 40 52 13 16 2 18 32 40 49 6 33 52 50 36 44 8 25 45 56 11 20 12 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 15 34 46 56 8 21 29 38 54 soir 3 3 3 3 32 5 27 39 50 2 9 19 29 45 Nantes. Le Mans SABLÉ MORANNES ÉTRICHÉ-CHATEAUNEUF TIERCÉ BRIOLLAT. ÉCOUFLANT. Angers. 50 2 10 23 33 46 56 10 40 soir matin matin 10 55 12 14 26 40 48 59 10 28 LIGNE DE TOURS Service au 4e arrivé 187 matin matin soir matin Le Mans (dép.) 11 50 — ARNAGE 7 20 12 55 15 LAIGNÉ SAINT-GERVAIS. 7 30 12 15 25 ÉCOMMOY 7 42 12 28 5 MAYET 14 40 5 1 AUBIGNE 8 12 11 46 16 Château-du-Loir. 8 36 11 86 33 DISSAY-SOUS-COURCILLON 8 45 11 76 43 Tours (arr.) 10 52 43 8 — matin matin soir soir Tours (dép.) 6 25 11 20 — DISSAY-SOUS-COURCILLON 7 40 12 37 6 16 Château-du-Loir. 7 51 12 51 6 26 VAAS 8 21 56 40 — AUBIGNÉ 8 15 11 76 51 — MAYET 8 32 11 74 7 ÉCOMMOY 8 44 11 76 18 LAIGNÉ-SAINT-GERVAIS. .8 551 587 29—ARNAGE 9 72 107 41Le Mans (arr.)9 212 247 55—LIGNE DE LA FLÈCHE AAUBIGNÉmatinmatinsoirsoirLa Flèche (<^-)6 5011404 50LUCHÉ-PRINGÉ 7 911 595 91LE LUDE 7 2812 185 28„ ila cHapelle-aux-choux7 3912 295 39iAubigné (arr.)7 56|12 460 56—matinsoirsoirsoir8 201 226 56— 1LA CHAPELLE-AUX-CHOUX8 371 387 12—LE LUDE 8 521 537 27iLUCHÉ-PRINGÉ 9 82 97 43La Flèche (arr.)9 302 318 5—Classe*...1 2 311 2 31 2 31 2 3matinmatinmatinsoirsoirAngers (d<p)5 509 —11 554 59 20ÉCOUFl-ANT 6 212 74 16BRIOLLAT. 6 1312 174 24—•TTRRCR. 6 30——12 324 38—ÉTRICHÉ-CHATEAUNEUF6 429 2912 424 489 52MORANNES 7 1—-12 585 3—SABLÉ 7 3410 -1 265 2910 24Le Mans 9 1511 -2 456 4711 25Paris (arr.)—3 4510 511 404 —soirsoirsoirsoirmatin1 2 311 2 3soirsoir*matin5 107 309 206 418 1911 146 56» —11 337 7—■e—™7 22——7 368 5012 2Q7 44———7 54—8 129 912 58soirsoirsoirBOURSE, 01 PARIS DU 5 SEPTEMBRïffll874 'VALEURS *w eOMlTART 1T A TXBttBrisera# entamerare ; mare ;V6ÜS ! MASSKKR3I* sotterein. «Mciaa*HBnatif* revireVALEURS an cowrTAKT av * kamitTUnim* slownos ■ AüW }1 1 lace■ae■■■Kl* S •OCM'1 ■wfcefcD. 0M»TÜMHR .Dimin MVKKUL. OBLIGATION! Il? Lrxiofo. *ClOTt7^U»neaniz, ec*7MOBLIGATIONSDMMRWmt *crorriK f «f | VALEURS DIVERSES Lg 1LOTCS»(S • «arma «i«ixm»U •3 0,0ee.e.v. *.***. *. :î i/Vo/o* WW X *.3 0/0 6 6/O temps. Morgan et Ci*). Obligations du Trésor.. •. Banque de France. • Banq. de Paris et des Pays-Basactions de 1,000 fr. filou fr. p. Comptoir d’escompte Crédit agr. 600 f Î00 f. payés. Créd. fond. col. 500 f. 390J. p. Créd. fond. 500 f.130 f. payés. Algérienne(S<K.g.) sôo f. 8F0 p.— Oblig. rems. a 150f. t. p. 5 0/0r. à500f. t.. Créd. ind. 500 f. 135 f. payés. Créd. lysons. 500 f. 280 f. payés Crédit mobilier D. et comp. c. 500 f. 415 f. p. Soc. géo. 500 f. 150 f. payes. ■•eeeeeeeeeee« Banane Franco Egyptienne(a«t. 500fr.l50fr.oayés). 2 2 2 I • ê. •. • • .■ ,#••••••••• * Orléans. e •#•••••*• e* »#•••••••••*cit.. 34fccit.. 34 c.. cit.. 45 c.. cit.. 15 e..cit.. 45 c.. cit.. 46 c.. cit.. 18 c.. cit.. 15 c.. cit.. 31 c.. cit.. 34 e.. cit.. 34 c.. cit.. 34 c.. Cpt... 34 c..-64 35 64 60 93 4U 99 90 100 2 5 531 25 4û8 75 38ÜG .. 38*>U .. 1163 .. ilô'J ..550 .. 550 fr., 465 fr., 885 fr., 835 fr., 113 fr., 454 fr. 75, 610 fr., 720 fr., 291 fr., 397 fr. 50, 575 fr., 546 fr., 846 fr. 23, 532 fr. 50, 548 fr. 75, 335 fr., 635 fr., 517 fr. 90, 922 fr., 635 fr., 612 fr. 25, 103 fr. 85, 485 fr., 882 fr. 53, 895 fr. 64, 75, 694 fr., 718 fr., 720 fr., 295 fr. 60, 575 fr., 546 fr., 348 fr., 360 fr., 1163 fr. 50, 550 fr., 450 fr., 885 fr., 895 fr., 458 fr. 75, 693 fr. 1L, 718 fr. 76, 720 fr., 297 fr. 60, 575 fr., 845 fr. 20, 547 fr. 51, 348 fr., 635 fr., 637 fr. 51, 996 fr. 38, 75, 458 fr. 25, 4085 fr., 4085 fr., 888 fr. 64, 25, 64 fr. 4L, 93 fr., 99 fr. 90, 410 fr. 12, 525 fr. 25, 457 fr. 50, 3860 fr., 3860 fr., 114 fr. 50, 550 fr., 465 fr., 830 fr. 90, 638 fr. 75, 642 fr. 25, 4085 fr. 4085 fr., 888 fr. 64, 25, 64 fr. 4L, 93 fr., 99 fr. 90, 410 fr. 12, 525 fr. 25, 457 fr. 50, 3880 fr., 3860 fr., 116 fr. 50, 550 fr., 450 fr., 885 fr., 895 fr., 458 fr. 75, 693 fr. 1L, 718 fr. 76, 720 fr., 293 fr. 75, 295 fr., 575 fr., 546 fr., 647 fr. 52, 548 fr. 75, 337 fr. 50, 335 fr., 536 fr. 25, 920 fr., 592 fr. 60, 630 fr. 80, 820 fr., 40 fr. 30, 27 fr. 40, 10 fr. 20, 5 fr. 10, 4 fr. 60, 6 fr., 20 fr. 360, 8150 fr., 35 fr., 45 fr., 42 fr. 60, 35 fr. 9, 4 fr. 24, 25 fr. 25, 46 fr. 22, 50 fr. 20, 33 fr. 60, 40 fr. 67, 56 fr. Ouest, 500 fr., 350 fr. payés, Délégations, Bons trentenaires, Italie 5 % Tabacs d’Italie, Lombardie, Victor-Emmanuel, 4863, Banque ottomane, Fonc. d’Out. 200 fr. p.Mobilier espagnol, Docks de Saint-Ouen, Docks de Marseille, Magasins généraux de Paris. Compagnie parisienne de gaz. — T... Société immobilière. Compagnie géographique transatlantique. Messageries maritimes. Voitures à Paris. Canal maritime de Suez. Société autrichienne. Cordoue à Séville. Guillaume-Luxembourg. Lombards (Sud-Autriche). Nord-Ouest de l’Autriche. Nord de l’Espagne. Pampelune à Barcelone. Portugais (C* royale). Romaine. Saragosse (Madrid 2567. 30. 67. 495. 205. 665. 365. 593. 182. 430. 435. 785. 28. 252. 353. 590. 182. 430. 435. 337. 365. 268. 78. 418. 421. 67. 56. 665. 580. 787. 253. 282. 436. 728. 340. 337. 68. 270. 475. 415. 420. 125. 2567. 45. 67. 20. 495. 206. 665. 650. 646. 25. 545. 577. 637. 685. 785. 252. 690. 280. 430. 433. 75. 730. 728. 545. 340. 337. 365. 98. 492. 60. 63. 267. 267. 578. 75. 570. 421. 25. 422. 124. 67. 20. 67. 48. 493. 205. 665. 650. 643. 26. 543. 75. 578. 75. 186. 433. 70. 376. 785. 787. 50. 32. 255. 252. 687. 50. 283. 75. 431. 75. 435. 726. 25. 728. 75. 618. 246. 25. 335. 336. 25. 365. 162. 96. 25. 193. 75. 70. 267. 268. 75. 25. exa. 25. 25. 35. 47. 50. 41. 80. 28. 15. 52. 50. 30. 20. 23. 40 .. 52 50 15 .. 45 .. 40 .. « .. 42 50 50 .. 35 .» 41.. 45 .. 25 .. 1 48 .. 30 .. 42 50 | 45 .. ISeine. Emprunt 4857. VILLE DE PARIS Emprunt 4855-4860 3 0/0— 4865 4 0/0 — 4869 3 0/0 —1874 3 0/0 Bons de liquidation ,. CHANTIER DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE 500 dr. 4 0/0. ,. 1(M 4 m/s. .**.... 5 fr. 3 0/0. /. .40" 3 0/0 500 fr. 4863. 4 0/0. Communales 3 0/0. .5»< 3 0/0. Communales 5 0/0. Charentes. ........ Est 5 0/0 Est 3 0/0 int. g. p» l’Etat. Ardennes int. g. pr l’Etat. Lille à Béthune Lille à Valenciennes. Lyon 3 0/0.. .1 Bourbonnais. Dauphiné int. g. p» l’Etat. Genève 4855 int. e. pr l’Et. Genève 4857.. .".... Méditerr. 50/Oiut. g. p» E.— 30/0 — Paris-Lyon-Mëd. (fusion).4866. Victor-Emmanuel. Méditerranée. v. Midi int. bat. par l’Etat.. Nord. Orléans 4842.. adi— 1848.. — 3 0/0 Grand-Central.. Orléans à Châlons,. .— Rouen (nord).. .211 .. 443 75 485. 307 80 280 25 495 .. 484 7593 50 485 ..92 ., 470 ,. 397 4875 50 278 .. 272 60 478 75 291 23 290 75 265 .. 210 .. 1035 .. 362 .. 298 56 293 .. 291 25 287 53 515 .. 303 75 294 .. 296 78 293 .. 295.. 294 .. 303 ,, 1060 .. 298 80 298 232 .. 237. ..220 .. 436 25 4*i .. >310 ... 280 60 495 .. 484 7593 50 484 ..92 60 470 .. 480 28 *. 272 80 47 9 75 292 75 291 76 265. 252 50297 ’* 293 .. 291 ,.EÎ5303 75 295 , J 297 80 293 .. 305 .. 297 **i 295 .qj 233 ..! 235 Orléans à Rouen (sud). Ouest .1 U/U int. g. p1 l’E.— 5 0/0 — Havre 5 0/0 — ‘Rouen 5 0/0 — Perpignan.. Picardie et Flandres. Seine-et-Marne..... La Vendée ..... » Colonial 5 0/0.. ,— 6 0/0 Marché de Naples.. Eaux 3 0/0 Comp. parisienne du gaz.— central — général Usines à gaz réunies. Ahun (Houillères d’). Omnibus. ....... Immobilière....... Transatlantique. Lits militaires.. , Cadix Canal de Suez Tabacs (C° française de).. Autrichiens 3 0/0 (anc. r.)-noué. r. Cordoue-Séville Lombardes. ...... .. —. nouvelles.. Nord-Espagne. .— à rev. variable. Pampelune — (ex-coupon n° 25) Portugais (coupon n° 19). Romains. Suragosse. 4.
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https://github.com/nextgis/oralhistory/blob/master/src/Main.vue
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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MIT
| 2,018 |
oralhistory
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nextgis
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Vue
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Code
| 680 | 3,257 |
<template>
<v-app>
<v-main>
<oral-map :mapOptions="mapOptions" :fullFilling="true">
<vue-ngw-control position="top-left" :margin="true">
<v-btn
v-if="!drawer"
@click="drawer = !drawer"
fab
small
class="rectangle-fab"
color="#fff"
>
<v-icon class="drawe-icon" :class="{ active: drawer }">{{
svg.chevron_right
}}</v-icon>
</v-btn>
</vue-ngw-control>
<vue-ngw-control position="bottom-left" :margin="true">
<div v-if="legendOpen" class="d-flex flex-column">
<v-card
class="mx-auto legend-card"
max-width="300"
max-height="500"
dark
v-if="module.legendItems.length"
>
<div class="legend-header flex-header-content">
<div class="d-flex justify-space-between align-center">
<span class="legend-card__title">Легенда</span>
<v-btn
class="legend__close"
@click="legendOpen = false"
icon
small
>
<v-icon>{{ svg.close }}</v-icon>
</v-btn>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-grow-1 flex-body-content legend-body">
<Legend class="pt-0"></Legend>
</div>
</v-card>
</div>
<div v-else>
<v-btn
@click="legendOpen = !legendOpen"
fab
small
class="rectangle-fab"
color="#fff"
>
<v-icon :class="{ active: drawer }">{{ svg.list }}</v-icon>
</v-btn>
</div>
</vue-ngw-control>
</oral-map>
</v-main>
<v-navigation-drawer v-model="drawer" stateless fixed app width="360">
<div class="drawer-content d-flex flex-column">
<div class="flex-header-content">
<v-btn
class="detail-drawer__header-close"
@click="drawer = false"
text
icon
small
dark
>
<v-icon>{{ svg.close }}</v-icon>
</v-btn>
<div class="place-select">
<SelectPlace></SelectPlace>
</div>
<v-list v-if="filterPanelOpen">
<v-list-item @click="filterPanelOpen = false">
<v-icon class="text--secondary mr-2">{{ svg.arrow_back }}</v-icon>
<span class="text--secondary"> Вернуться к списку объектов </span>
</v-list-item>
</v-list>
<div
v-else
class="list-toolbar"
:class="{ shadowed: listIsScrolled }"
>
<div class="d-flex justify-space-between align-center mb-4">
<span class="subtitle-1 font-weight-medium">
Объекты
<v-chip class="list-toolbar__count font-weight-medium" small>
<template v-if="isFilterSet">
{{ filtered.length }} <span class="text--secondary"
>из {{ activePlaceItems.length }}</span
>
</template>
<template v-else>
{{ activePlaceItems.length }}
</template>
</v-chip>
</span>
<span>
<v-btn
class="px-1"
small
text
color="primary"
v-if="isFilterSet"
@click="resetNonPlaceFilter"
>
Сбросить
</v-btn>
<v-btn
text
icon
small
@click="filterPanelOpen = true"
class="filter-btn"
>
<v-icon
class="filter-btn"
color="primary"
@click="filterPanelOpen = true"
>{{ svg.filter }}</v-icon
>
</v-btn>
</span>
</div>
<v-text-field
v-model="listSearchText"
:loading="!searchReady"
cache-items
flat
solo
dense
outlined
hide-no-data
hide-details
clearable
placeholder="Поиск..."
:prepend-inner-icon="svg.search"
></v-text-field>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flex-grow-1 flex-body-content" id="panel-content">
<div
v-if="items && items.length"
class="pb-3"
v-scroll:#panel-content="onPanelScroll"
>
<FilterPanel
v-if="filterPanelOpen"
@close="filterPanelOpen = false"
></FilterPanel>
<list v-else class="pt-0"></list>
</div>
<div v-if="featuresLoading">
<div class="pa-3 text-center">
<v-progress-circular
indeterminate
color="primary"
></v-progress-circular>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="flex-footer-content">
<v-item-group class="bottom-button">
<v-btn text color="grey">
<v-icon>save_alt</v-icon>
</v-btn>
<v-btn text @click="page = 'table'" color="grey">
<v-icon @click="page = 'table'">table_chart</v-icon>
</v-btn>
</v-item-group>
</div>-->
</div>
</v-navigation-drawer>
<v-navigation-drawer
class="detail-drawer"
:value="detailDrawer"
stateless
width="360"
absolute
app
right
>
<div v-if="detail" class="drawer-content d-flex flex-column">
<div
class="detail-drawer__header flex-header-content"
:class="{ shadowed: detailIsScrolled }"
v-scroll:#detail-content="onDetailScroll"
>
<div class="pb-3 d-flex justify-space-between align-center">
<v-btn
class="detail-drawer__header-close"
@click="detail = false"
text
icon
small
>
<v-icon>{{ svg.close }}</v-icon>
</v-btn>
<v-chip
class="detail-drawer__header-chip text-uppercase font-weight-bold"
:color="
detail.properties.status === 'существующий'
? '#7bd235'
: '#d2357b'
"
dark
small
label
>{{ detail.properties.status }}</v-chip
>
</div>
<div class="subtitle-1 font-weight-medium">
{{ detail.properties.name }}
</div>
<div class="caption text--secondary">
{{ detail.properties.type }}
</div>
</div>
<div
class="detail-drawer__content flex-grow-1 flex-body-content"
id="detail-content"
>
<detail></detail>
</div>
<div class="detail-drawer__footer flex-footer-content">
<div class="bottom-buttons">
<div class="bottom-buttons__item">
<v-btn text color="primary" @click="openFeedbackPage">
<v-icon left>{{ svg.feedback }}</v-icon>
Обратная связь
</v-btn>
</div>
<v-divider class="mx-1 my-2" inset vertical></v-divider>
<div class="bottom-buttons__item">
<v-btn
text
@click="zoomTo = detail.properties.id1"
color="primary"
>
<v-icon left>{{ svg.target }}</v-icon>
На карте
</v-btn>
</div>
<v-divider class="mx-1 my-2" inset vertical></v-divider>
<div class="bottom-buttons__item">
<v-btn text @click="shareDialog = true" color="primary">
<v-icon left>{{ svg.share }}</v-icon>
</v-btn>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</v-navigation-drawer>
<v-dialog v-model="shareDialog" width="500">
<v-card>
<v-card-title class="text-h5 grey lighten-2"> Поделиться </v-card-title>
<v-card-text>
<Share v-if="detail" :item="detail"></Share>
</v-card-text>
<v-divider></v-divider>
<v-card-actions>
<v-spacer></v-spacer>
<v-btn color="primary" text @click="shareDialog = false">
Закрыть
</v-btn>
</v-card-actions>
</v-card>
</v-dialog>
</v-app>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
export { Main as default } from './Main';
</script>
<style>
.v-text-field.v-input--dense .v-input__prepend-inner .v-input__icon > .v-icon {
margin-top: 0;
}
</style>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.place-select {
background: $primary;
}
.rectangle-fab {
border-radius: $border-radius-root;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
.v-btn__content .v-icon {
color: $icon-color;
}
&:hover {
.v-btn__content .v-icon {
color: $icon-color-active;
}
}
}
.legend-body {
overflow: auto;
max-height: 50vh;
}
.legend__close {
opacity: 0.5;
margin-right: -8px;
&:hover {
opacity: 1;
}
}
.drawer-content {
height: 100%;
}
.subtitle {
color: #a0a8ab;
}
.flex-body-content {
overflow: auto;
}
.drawe-icon {
&.active {
-webkit-transform: rotate(-180deg);
transform: rotate(-180deg);
}
}
.bottom-buttons {
width: 100%;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
.v-btn {
flex-grow: 1;
margin: 0;
}
}
.legend-card {
&.theme--dark {
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}
.legend-header {
padding: 12px 16px 0;
}
&__title {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: 600;
}
}
.list-toolbar {
padding: 16px 20px 20px;
}
.detail-drawer {
&__header,
&__content,
&__footer {
padding-left: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
&__header {
padding-top: 16px;
padding-bottom: 16px;
}
&__footer {
background-color: #f1f4f5;
padding-top: 4px;
padding-bottom: 4px;
}
&__header-close {
position: absolute;
top: 15px;
right: 16px;
}
&__header-chip {
font-size: 10px;
}
}
.shadowed {
box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);
}
</style>
| 29,390 |
https://github.com/ouail-nazim/memoire/blob/master/resources/views/document/showdoc.blade.php
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,021 |
memoire
|
ouail-nazim
|
PHP
|
Code
| 957 | 3,893 |
@extends('index.dropdown')
@section('head')
<style type="text/css">
#etat{
display: none;
}
#myInput {
margin-left: 2%;
font-size: 16px; /* Increase font-size */
padding: 12px 20px 12px 40px; /* Add some padding */
margin-bottom: 12px; /* Add some space below the input */
}
#myTable{
width: 100%;
}
td{
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
}
.retarde{
background: #9fc1f0;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(to right, #ff7a32, #ff7367);
background: linear-gradient(to right, #ff7a32, #ff7367);
}
.filterDiv {
display: none;
}
.show {
display:table-row; ;
}
</style>
@endsection
@section('content1')
@if(Config::get('echec')!=null)
<div style=" padding: 20px;
background-color: #f44336;
color: white;
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity 0.6s;
border-radius:7px;
margin-bottom: 15px;">
<span class="closebtn" style=" margin-left: 15px;
color: white;
font-weight: bold;
float: right;
font-size: 22px;
line-height: 20px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: 0.3s;">×</span>
<strong>{{Config::get('echec')}}</strong>
</div>
<script>
var close = document.getElementsByClassName("closebtn");
var i;
for (i = 0; i < close.length; i++) {
close[i].onclick = function(){
var div = this.parentElement;
div.style.opacity = "0";
setTimeout(function(){ div.style.display = "none"; }, 600);
}
}
</script>
@endif
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8 pro boite ">
<div class="row ">
{{--photo--}}
<div class="col-md-4 ">
<img class=" " width="150px" height="150px" src="{{'/storage/books/'.$doc->img}}" height="200px" class="card-img-top" alt="...">
</div>
{{--nom + prénom--}}
<div class="col-md-7">
<br>
<h2>
<div class="row ">
<div class="col-md-4">Type</div>
@if(($doc->livre)!= null)
{{'livre'}}<br>
@else
{{'memoire'}}<br>
@endif
</div>
</h2>
<h3>
<div class="row ">
<div class="col-md-4">Titre</div>
{{($doc->titre)}}
</div>
</h3>
<h3>
<div class="row ">
<div class="col-md-4">Code</div>
{{($doc->code)}}
</div>
</h3>
</div>
</div>
<br><br>
{{--info--}}
@if(($doc->livre)!= null)
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<strong> ISBN de livre</strong>
</div>
<strong> {{($doc->livre->isbn)}}</strong>
</div>
<br >
@else
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<strong> promotion de memoire</strong>
</div>
<strong> {{($doc->memoire->promotion)}}</strong>
</div>
<br >
@endif
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<strong> Nombre d'exemplaires</strong>
</div>
<br>
<span class="btn badge-dark text-white ">{{($nombre_ex)}}</span>
<a href="/explus/{{($doc->code)}}" class="btn badge-success"
style="border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 35%;"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i>
</a>
<div >
<button type="button"
@if($doc->nmb_dex >0) onclick="document.getElementById('id02').style.display='block'"@endif
class="btn badge-danger @if($doc->nmb_dex ==0) disabled btn badge-dark @endif"
style="border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 50%;"><i class="fa fa-minus"></i></button>
<div id="id02" class="modal">
<div class="modal-content animate" >
<span class="" style="text-align: center ; font-size: 2em;">
<div>supprimer l'exomplaire num </div>
</span>
<form method="get" action="/exmoin/{{($doc->code)}}">
<input type="number" name="id" class="bb form-control" required PLACEHOLDER="entré le numéro d'exomplaire">
<input type="submit" class="bb btn btn-danger" value="supprimer">
</form>
<button class="bb btn btn-success" id="can2">anuller</button>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Get the modal
var modal2 = document.getElementById('id02');
var can2 = document.getElementById('can2');
can2.onclick=function () {
modal2.style.display = "none";
}
// When the user clicks anywhere outside of the modal, close it
window.onclick = function(event) {
if (event.target == modal) {
modal.style.display = "none";
}
}
</script>
</div>
</div>
<br >
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<strong> Emplacment de livre</strong>
</div>
<strong> {{($doc->emplacment)}}</strong>
</div>
<br>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<strong> Date de edition</strong>
</div>
<strong> {{($doc->annee)}}</strong>
</div>
<br >
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-3">
<strong> L'auteur de livre</strong>
</div>
<ul style="margin-left: 2%">
@foreach($doc->auteur as $auteurs )
<li><strong><i class="fa fa-user"></i> {{$auteurs->nom}}__{{$auteurs->prenom}} </strong></li>
@endforeach
</ul>
</div>
<div class="row mb-3">
@if(($doc->livre)!= null)
<div class="col-md-4">
<strong> L'editeur de livre</strong>
</div>
<strong> {{$doc->livre->edition}}</strong>
<br >
@else
<div class="col-md-4">
<strong> encadreures de mémoire</strong>
</div>
<ul style="margin-left: -6.5%">
@foreach($doc->memoire->encadreure as $encadreures )
<li><strong><i class="fa fa-user-md"></i> {{$encadreures->nom}}__{{$encadreures->prenom}} </strong></li>
@endforeach
</ul>
@endif
</div>
<div class="row flex-row-reverse ">
<div class="col-md-3 more">
<button onclick="document.getElementById('id01').style.display='block'"
class="btn btn-danger">Supprimer</button>
<div id="id01" class="modal">
<div class="modal-content animate" >
<span class="" style="text-align: center ; font-size: 2em;">
<strong>supprimer ce document</strong>
</span>
<a href="/destroy/{{$doc->code}}" class="bb btn btn-danger">oui supprimer</a>
<button class="bb btn btn-success" id="can">anuller</button>
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Get the modal
var modal = document.getElementById('id01');
var can = document.getElementById('can');
can.onclick=function () {
modal.style.display = "none";
}
// When the user clicks anywhere outside of the modal, close it
window.onclick = function(event) {
if (event.target == modal) {
modal.style.display = "none";
}
}
</script>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 more " >
<a href="/edit/{{$doc->code}}" class="btn btn-success">Modifier le document</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-5 more " >
<button class="btn btn-info" onclick="document.getElementById('etat').style.display='block'">
Consulter les Exemplaire</button>
</div>
</div>
<br><br>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 ml-2 ">
<div class="row-md-12 boite-alert alert alert-info " style="height: 13%;">
<div class="row w-100 " >
<strong><em>Nombre d'exemplaires prêtés :{{$prété}}</em></strong>
<br>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-md-12 boite ">
<div class="row">
<strong class="ml-lg-5 mb-3"><em>plus de livres comme celui-ci dans :</em></strong>
</div>
<ul class="">
@foreach($doc->categories as $categorie)
<li class="mr-lg-5">
<div class="row">
<div class="col w-100">
<a class="btn w-100 btn-outline-dark"
href="/indexdoc?cate={{$categorie->id}}">
{{$categorie->name}}
</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<br>
@endforeach
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="etat" class="row pro m-4 p-3 boite" >
<div class="row">
<input type="text" class="form-control w-75" maxlength="20" id="myInput" onkeyup="myFunction()" placeholder="Entré l'identif d'Exemplaire ..... " >
<button type="button"
onclick="document.getElementById('etat').style.display='none'"
class="btn badge-danger"
style="border-radius: 50%;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: 3%;
color: #f3faff;
font-weight: bolder;
float: right;
font-size: 20px;
cursor: pointer;margin-bottom: 2%;">×</button>
</div>
<table class="table table-striped " id="myTable" >
<thead class="thead-dark">
<tr>
<th scope="col">id</th>
<th scope="col">disponibilite</th>
<th scope="col">etat</th>
{{--<th scope="col">date d'ajoute aux bibliothèque</th>--}}
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="bg-light bod">
@foreach($doc->exemplaire as $exemplaire)
<tr>
<td scope="row">{{$exemplaire->identif}}</td>
<td>
@if(($exemplaire->disponibilite))
disponible
@else
non disponible
@endif
</td>
<td>
<?php
switch ($exemplaire->etat) {
case 100 : echo "<span style='background: #C352F3;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >NEUF</span>"; break;
case 90 : echo "<span style='background: #0309F1;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >Parfait</span>"; break;
case 80 : echo "<span style='background: #29A1FE;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >Tres bon état</span>"; break;
case 70 : echo "<span style='background: #3AFEEA;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >Bon état</span>"; break;
case 60 : echo "<span style='background: #32FE00;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >Assez bon etat</span>"; break;
case 50 : echo "<span style='background: #B9FE00;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >etat satisfaisant</span>"; break;
case 40 : echo "<span style='background: #FEF600;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >état passable</span>"; break;
case 30 : echo "<span style='background: #FE7700;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >mauvais état </span>"; break;
case 20 : echo "<span style='background: #FE0400;border-radius: 10%;width:auto ;' >déchiré </span>"; break;
}
?>
</td>
{{--<td>{{$exemplaire->created_at->toDateString()}}</td>--}}
</tr>
@endforeach
</tbody>
</table>
<script type="text/javascript">
function myFunction() {
// Declare variables
var input, filter, table, tr, td, i, txtValue;
input = document.getElementById("myInput");
filter = input.value.toUpperCase();
table = document.getElementById("myTable");
tr = table.getElementsByTagName("tr");
// Loop through all table rows, and hide those who don't match the search query
for (i = 0; i < tr.length; i++) {
td = tr[i].getElementsByTagName("td")[0];
if (td) {
txtValue = td.textContent || td.innerText;
if (txtValue.toUpperCase().indexOf(filter) > -1) {
tr[i].style.display = "";
} else {
tr[i].style.display = "none";
}
}
}
}
</script>
</div>
@endsection
| 15,839 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21719924
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Malo Kuso Brdo
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 169 | 360 |
Malo Kuso Brdo
Malo Kuso Brdo
Malo Kuso Brdo Geonames-ID 3238076
Malo Kuso Brdo instans av berg
Malo Kuso Brdo land Bosnien och Hercegovina
Malo Kuso Brdo geografiska koordinater
Malo Kuso Brdo höjd över havet
Malo Kuso Brdo GNS-ID 238259
Malo Kuso Brdo inom det administrativa området Federationen Bosnien och Hercegovina
Malo Kuso Brdo
berg in Bosnië en Herzegovina
Malo Kuso Brdo GeoNames-identificatiecode 3238076
Malo Kuso Brdo is een berg
Malo Kuso Brdo land Bosnië en Herzegovina
Malo Kuso Brdo geografische locatie
Malo Kuso Brdo hoogte boven de zeespiegel
Malo Kuso Brdo GNS Unique Feature-identificatiecode 238259
Malo Kuso Brdo gelegen in bestuurlijke eenheid Federatie van Bosnië en Herzegovina
Malo Kuso Brdo
mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Malo Kuso Brdo GeoNames ID 3238076
Malo Kuso Brdo instance of mountain
Malo Kuso Brdo country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Malo Kuso Brdo coordinate location
Malo Kuso Brdo elevation above sea level
Malo Kuso Brdo GNS Unique Feature ID 238259
Malo Kuso Brdo located in the administrative territorial entity Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| 9,739 |
https://github.com/torusresearch/circuits/blob/master/aes/synthesis/aes128_key_schedule/aes128_key_schedule.py
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
circuits
|
torusresearch
|
Python
|
Code
| 1,234 | 4,530 |
#!/usr/bin/python
#
# aes.py: implements AES - Advanced Encryption Standard
# from the SlowAES project, http://code.google.com/p/slowaes/
#
# Copyright (c) 2008 Josh Davis ( http://www.josh-davis.org ),
# Alex Martelli ( http://www.aleax.it )
#
# Ported from C code written by Laurent Haan ( http://www.progressive-coding.com )
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/
#
import os
import sys
import math
class AES(object):
# valid key sizes
keySize = dict(SIZE_128=16, SIZE_192=24, SIZE_256=32)
# Rijndael S-box
sbox = [0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67,
0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, 0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59,
0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, 0xb7,
0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1,
0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, 0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05,
0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, 0x09, 0x83,
0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29,
0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, 0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b,
0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa,
0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c,
0x9f, 0xa8, 0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc,
0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec,
0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19,
0x73, 0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee,
0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, 0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49,
0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79,
0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4,
0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, 0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6,
0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x70,
0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9,
0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, 0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e,
0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, 0x8c, 0xa1,
0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0,
0x54, 0xbb, 0x16]
# Rijndael Inverted S-box
rsbox = [0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3,
0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f,
0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb, 0x54,
0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b,
0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e, 0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24,
0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x72, 0xf8,
0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d,
0x65, 0xb6, 0x92, 0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda,
0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x90, 0xd8, 0xab,
0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3,
0x45, 0x06, 0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1,
0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41,
0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6,
0x73, 0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9,
0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d,
0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b,
0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0,
0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4, 0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07,
0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x60,
0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f,
0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef, 0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5,
0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61, 0x17, 0x2b,
0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55,
0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d]
def getSBoxValue(self, num):
"""Retrieves a given S-Box Value"""
return self.sbox[num]
def getSBoxInvert(self, num):
"""Retrieves a given Inverted S-Box Value"""
return self.rsbox[num]
def rotate(self, word):
""" Rijndael's key schedule rotate operation.
Rotate a word eight bits to the left: eg, rotate(1d2c3a4f) == 2c3a4f1d
Word is an char list of size 4 (32 bits overall).
"""
return word[1:] + word[:1]
# Rijndael Rcon
Rcon = [0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36,
0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97,
0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72,
0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66,
0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d,
0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3,
0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61,
0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a,
0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40,
0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc,
0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5,
0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a,
0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d,
0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c,
0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35,
0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4,
0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2, 0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc,
0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74, 0xe8, 0xcb, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08,
0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a,
0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d,
0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91, 0x39, 0x72, 0xe4, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x61, 0xc2,
0x9f, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x94, 0x33, 0x66, 0xcc, 0x83, 0x1d, 0x3a, 0x74,
0xe8, 0xcb]
def getRconValue(self, num):
"""Retrieves a given Rcon Value"""
return self.Rcon[num]
def core(self, word, iteration):
"""Key schedule core."""
# rotate the 32-bit word 8 bits to the left
word = self.rotate(word)
# apply S-Box substitution on all 4 parts of the 32-bit word
for i in range(4):
word[i] = self.getSBoxValue(word[i])
# XOR the output of the rcon operation with i to the first part
# (leftmost) only
word[0] = word[0] ^ self.getRconValue(iteration)
return word
def expandKey(self, key, size, expandedKeySize):
"""Rijndael's key expansion.
Expands an 128,192,256 key into an 176,208,240 bytes key
expandedKey is a char list of large enough size,
key is the non-expanded key.
"""
# current expanded keySize, in bytes
currentSize = 0
rconIteration = 1
expandedKey = [0] * expandedKeySize
# set the 16, 24, 32 bytes of the expanded key to the input key
for j in range(size):
expandedKey[j] = key[j]
currentSize += size
while currentSize < expandedKeySize:
# assign the previous 4 bytes to the temporary value t
t = expandedKey[currentSize - 4:currentSize]
# every 16,24,32 bytes we apply the core schedule to t
# and increment rconIteration afterwards
if currentSize % size == 0:
t = self.core(t, rconIteration)
rconIteration += 1
# For 256-bit keys, we add an extra sbox to the calculation
if size == self.keySize["SIZE_256"] and ((currentSize % size) == 16):
for l in range(4): t[l] = self.getSBoxValue(t[l])
# We XOR t with the four-byte block 16,24,32 bytes before the new
# expanded key. This becomes the next four bytes in the expanded
# key.
for m in range(4):
expandedKey[currentSize] = expandedKey[currentSize - size] ^ \
t[m]
currentSize += 1
return expandedKey
if __name__ == "__main__":
key = [85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85]
aes = AES()
expanded_key = aes.expandKey(key, 16, 176)
for i in range(11):
hex_expanded_key = ""
for j in range(16):
hex_expanded_key += format(expanded_key[i * 16 + j], '02x')
print(hex_expanded_key)
| 36,356 |
https://github.com/mohlendo/mohlendo.github.com/blob/master/jangaroo/lsystem/joo/classes/flashx/textLayout/elements/SpanElement.js
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
MIT
| 2,018 |
mohlendo.github.com
|
mohlendo
|
JavaScript
|
Code
| 792 | 1,735 |
joo.classLoader.prepare("package flashx.textLayout.elements",/* {*/
/**
* The SpanElement class represents a run of text that has a single set of formatting attributes applied. SpanElement objects contain the text in a paragraph. A simple paragraph (ParagraphElement) includes one or more SpanElement objects.
* <p>A ParagraphElement will have a single SpanElement object if all the text in the paragraph shares the same set of attributes. It has multiple SpanElement objects if the text in the paragraph has multiple formats.</p>
* <p>Default MXML Property<code>mxmlChildren</code></p>
* <p><a href="http://help.adobe.com/en_US/FlashPlatform/reference/actionscript/3/flashx/textLayout/elements/SpanElement.html#includeExamplesSummary">View the examples</a></p>
* @see FlowElement
* @see ParagraphElement
* @see TextFlow
*
*/
"public class SpanElement extends flashx.textLayout.elements.FlowLeafElement",3,function($$private){;return[
/**
* Sets text based on content within span tags; always deletes existing children. This property is intended for use during mxml compiled import. When TLF markup elements have other TLF markup elements as children, the children are assigned to this property.
* @throws TypeError if array element is not a SpecialCharacterElement or a String
*
*/
"public function get mxmlChildren",function mxmlChildren$get()/*:Array*/ {
throw new Error('not implemented'); // TODO: implement!
},
/**
* @private
*/
"public function set mxmlChildren",function mxmlChildren$set(value/*:Array*/)/*:void*/ {
throw new Error('not implemented'); // TODO: implement!
},
/**
* Receives the String of text that this SpanElement object holds.
* <p>The text of a span does not include the carriage return (CR) at the end of the paragraph but it is included in the value of <code>textLength</code>.</p>
*/
"override public function get text",function text$get()/*:String*/ {
throw new Error('not implemented'); // TODO: implement!
},
/**
* @private
*/
"public function set text",function text$set(value/*:String*/)/*:void*/ {
throw new Error('not implemented'); // TODO: implement!
},
/**
* Constructor - creates a SpanElement object to hold a run of text in a paragraph.
*/
"public function SpanElement",function SpanElement$() {flashx.textLayout.elements.FlowLeafElement.call(this);
throw new Error('not implemented'); // TODO: implement!
},
/**
* Updates the text in text span based on the specified start and end positions. To insert text, set the end position equal to the start position. To append text to the existing text in the span, set the start position and the end position equal to the length of the existing text.
* <p>The replaced text includes the start character and up to but not including the end character.</p>
* @param relativeStartPosition The index position of the beginning of the text to be replaced, relative to the start of the span. The first character in the span is at position 0.
* @param relativeEndPosition The index one position after the last character of the text to be replaced, relative to the start of the span. Set this value equal to <code>relativeStartPos</code> for an insert.
* @param textValue The replacement text or the text to add, as the case may be.
*
* @throws RangeError The <code>relativeStartPosition</code> or <code>relativeEndPosition</code> specified is out of range or a surrogate pair is being split as a result of the replace.
*
* @example This example calls replaceText() several times to do the following: insert a string at the beginning of text; append a string to the end of text; insert a string in the middle of text; replace text entirely with a new string.
* <p>The example uses a second span (span2) to display the results.</p>
* <listing>
* package flashx.textLayout.elements.examples
* {
* import flash.display.Sprite;
* import flashx.textLayout.container.ContainerController;
* import flashx.textLayout.elements.ParagraphElement;
* import flashx.textLayout.elements.SpanElement;
* import flashx.textLayout.elements.TextFlow;
*
* public class SpanElement_replaceTextExample extends Sprite
* {
* public function SpanElement_replaceTextExample()
* {
* // create container and add it to the stage
* var container:Sprite = new Sprite();
* this.stage.addChild(container);
* // create TextFlow, ParagraphElement, and SpanElement objects
* var textFlow:TextFlow = new TextFlow();
* var paragraph:ParagraphElement = new ParagraphElement();
* var span:SpanElement = new SpanElement;
* var span2:SpanElement = new SpanElement;
* // add composer and container controller
* var controller:ContainerController = new ContainerController(container, 200, 700 );
* textFlow.flowComposer.addController(controller);
* textFlow.fontSize = 24; // set font size
* // create text string and add it to the span
* var str:String = "0123456";
* span.text = str;
* // insert at the beginning
* span.replaceText(0, 0, "abc");
* span2.text = span.text + '\n';
* // append to the end of the text
* span.replaceText(10, 10, "abc");
* span2.text += span.text + '\n';
* // insert string in the middle of the text
* span.replaceText(5, 8, "abc");
* span2.text += span.text + '\n';
* // replace text with string
* span.replaceText(0, 13, "abc");
* span2.text += span.text + '\n';
* // replace text with string
* span.replaceText(0, 3, "That's all she wrote!\n");
* span2.text += span.text + '\n';
* // display the results
* paragraph.addChild(span2);
* textFlow.addChild(paragraph);
* textFlow.flowComposer.updateAllControllers();
* }
* }
* }
*
* </listing>
*/
"public function replaceText",function replaceText(relativeStartPosition/*:int*/, relativeEndPosition/*:int*/, textValue/*:String*/)/*:void*/ {
throw new Error('not implemented'); // TODO: implement!
},
];},[],["flashx.textLayout.elements.FlowLeafElement","Error"], "0.8.0", "0.9.6"
);
| 13,262 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32499559
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Категорія:Російські гідрофізики
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 13 | 68 |
Категорія:Російські гідрофізики
категорія проєкту Вікімедіа
Категорія:Російські гідрофізики є одним із категорія проєкту Вікімедіа
| 4,303 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107694584
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Category:2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 415 | 1,140 |
Kategori:Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 2020 från Uzbekistan
Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 2020 från Uzbekistan instans av Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 2020 från Uzbekistan kategorin kombinerar ämnen Olympiska sommarspelen 2020
Kategori:Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 2020 från Uzbekistan kategorin kombinerar ämnen Uzbekistan
Kategori:Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 2020 från Uzbekistan kategorin kombinerar ämnen olympier
Kategori:Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 2020 från Uzbekistan Commons-kategori 2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
Kategori:Deltakere for Usbekistan under Sommer-OL 2020
Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Deltakere for Usbekistan under Sommer-OL 2020 forekomst av Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Deltakere for Usbekistan under Sommer-OL 2020 kategorien kombinerer emnene Sommer-OL 2020
Kategori:Deltakere for Usbekistan under Sommer-OL 2020 kategorien kombinerer emnene Usbekistan
Kategori:Deltakere for Usbekistan under Sommer-OL 2020 kategorien kombinerer emnene olympisk deltaker
Kategori:Deltakere for Usbekistan under Sommer-OL 2020 Commons-kategori 2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
Kategori:Deltagere for Usbekistan ved sommer-OL 2020
Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Deltagere for Usbekistan ved sommer-OL 2020 tilfælde af Wikimedia-kategori
Kategori:Deltagere for Usbekistan ved sommer-OL 2020 kategorien kombinerer emnerne Sommer-OL 2020
Kategori:Deltagere for Usbekistan ved sommer-OL 2020 kategorien kombinerer emnerne Usbekistan
Kategori:Deltagere for Usbekistan ved sommer-OL 2020 kategorien kombinerer emnerne olympisk deltager
Kategori:Deltagere for Usbekistan ved sommer-OL 2020 Commons-kategori 2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
Category:2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
Wikimedia category
Category:2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan instance of Wikimedia category
Category:2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan category combines topics 2020 Summer Olympics
Category:2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan category combines topics Uzbekistan
Category:2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan category combines topics Olympic competitor
Category:2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan Commons category 2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
Categoría:Deportistas de Uzbekistán en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020
categoría de Wikimedia
Categoría:Deportistas de Uzbekistán en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020 instancia de categoría de Wikimedia
Categoría:Deportistas de Uzbekistán en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020 temas asociados por la categoría Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020
Categoría:Deportistas de Uzbekistán en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020 temas asociados por la categoría Uzbekistán
Categoría:Deportistas de Uzbekistán en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020 temas asociados por la categoría deportista olímpico
Categoría:Deportistas de Uzbekistán en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio 2020 categoría en Commons 2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
Категорија:Узбекистан олимпијци на Летњим олимпијским играма 2020.
категорија на Викимедији
Категорија:Узбекистан олимпијци на Летњим олимпијским играма 2020. је Викимедијина категорија
Категорија:Узбекистан олимпијци на Летњим олимпијским играма 2020. категорија повезује теме Летње олимпијске игре 2020.
Категорија:Узбекистан олимпијци на Летњим олимпијским играма 2020. категорија повезује теме Узбекистан
Категорија:Узбекистан олимпијци на Летњим олимпијским играма 2020. категорија на Остави 2020 Summer Olympics sportspeople from Uzbekistan
| 33,529 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaurina%20yuta
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Yaurina yuta
|
https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaurina yuta&action=history
|
Dutch
|
Spoken
| 39 | 66 |
Yaurina yuta is een haft uit de familie Leptohyphidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 2001 door Molineri.
De soort komt voor in het Neotropisch gebied.
Leptohyphidae
Dier uit het Neotropisch gebied
| 22,263 |
US-202016872277-A_2
|
USPTO
|
Open Government
|
Public Domain
| 2,020 |
None
|
None
|
English
|
Spoken
| 5,232 | 6,604 |
In some embodiments, the interactive electronic device 100 may determine whether the user learning progression level is above or below the threshold by comparing the user inputs (e.g., vocal inputs, instrument inputs, gesture inputs, and so forth) performed in response to a particular learning progression curriculum with respect to, for example, the baseline preconfigured behavior. In one embodiment, the interactive electronic device 100 may compare the user inputs (e.g., vocal inputs, instrument inputs) to a generated user-specific learning benchmark (e.g., based on historical data for a particular early-stage user) to determine whether the early-stage user is above a proficiency level. In other embodiments, the interactive electronic device 100 may access, for example, a cloud-based database and compare the user inputs (e.g., vocal inputs, instrument inputs, gesture inputs, and so forth) to the proficiency level of other early-stage users determined to be at the baseline preconfigured behavior.
Further, in another embodiment, the interactive electronic device 100 may determine whether the user learning progression level is above or below the threshold based on a determined user engagement level (e.g., user eye gaze indicating an attentional level of the user; user facial expression indicating an emotional response of the user such as happy, sad, or indifferent; user physical activity; and so forth). For example, if the user is determined to be happy (e.g., smiling facial expression) and/or attentive (e.g., eyes gazing at the interactive electronic device 100 for a certain period of time), the interactive electronic device 100 may determine that the user is engaged and currently at the appropriate learning progression level or provide a recommendation of when the user should consider advancing to a next learning progression level. On the other hand, if the user is determined to be sad (e.g., crying or frowning facial expression) and/or indifferent (e.g., sullen facial expression or eyes looking away from the interactive electronic device 100 for a certain period of time), the interactive electronic device 100 may determine that the user is disengaged and should be advanced to a next learning progression level or deduce enough to stop the activity. In another embodiment, if the user is determined to be sad (e.g., crying or frowning facial expression) and/or indifferent (e.g., sullen facial expression or eyes looking away from the interactive electronic device 100 for a certain period of time), the interactive electronic device 100 may determine that the user is disengaged and/or disinterested and may thus switch to a different activity that may be more engaging and/or interesting to the user.
In response to determining that the user learning progression level is above the threshold, the method 300 may then continue at block 310 with the one or more processing devices (e.g., interactive electronic device 100) generating a second musical interaction behavioral model to cause the interactive electronic device to perform a second set of musical operations and a second set of motional operations. For example, as previously noted, the interactive electronic device 100 may generate a user-specific preference and behavioral model that may be trained and retrained as an early-stage user engages with the interactive electronic device 100. The user-specific preference and behavioral model (e.g., corresponding to advancing user learning progression levels) may include, for example, a predetermined advanced set of musical operations (e.g., an advanced set of songs, instruments, sounds, speech phrases, phonetic sounds, sing-along vocals, melodies, humming, chord sequences, contextual interactions, and/or other musical operations for conducting or composing) and a predetermined advanced set of motional operations (e.g., an advanced set of head and neck motions, limb and joint motions, body motions, dance motions, eye motions, and so forth). Specifically, in accordance with the presently disclosed embodiments, the interactive electronic device 100 may generate a user-specific preference and behavioral model that may iteratively learn and adapt to a particular early-stage user. Moreover, as the interactive electronic device 100 may receive and store past interactions and engagements with the particular early-stage user, the user-specific preference and behavioral model may iteratively adjust, for example, the course of the playback of the current music, the manner in which that the playback of the current music responds to user commands (e.g., real-time or near real-time user speech commands, user gesture commands, and/or user emotional responses), and the most effective manner in which to better engage the particular early-stage user at any particular point in time during the playback of the current music. The method 300 may then continue at block 312 with the one or more processing devices (e.g., interactive electronic device 100) performing the second set of musical operations and the second set of motional operations in accordance with the second musical interaction behavioral model.
On the other hand, in response to determining that the user learning progression level is below the threshold, the method 300 may then continue at block 314 with the one or more processing devices (e.g., interactive electronic device 100) generating a third musical interaction behavioral model for causing the interactive electronic device to perform a third set of musical operations and a third set of motional operations. For example, in some embodiments, the interactive electronic device 100 may determine that the baseline preconfigured behavioral model is itself beyond the learning progression level of a particular early-stage user (e.g., a toddler) as the interactive electronic device 100 learns and adapts to the early-stage user based on, for example, the increasing interaction and engagement with the early-stage user. The interactive electronic device 100 may then generate a lower learning progression level user-specific preference and behavioral model, which may correspond to, for example, a set of musical operations (e.g., simpler than that of the preconfigured baseline musical operations, such as a set of lullaby tunes without accompanying vocals) and set of motional operations (e.g., simpler than that of the preconfigured baseline musical operations, such as only vertical and horizontal head motions while the body of the interactive electronic device remains fixed so as to not alarm the early-stage user). The method 300 may then conclude at block 316 with the one or more processing devices (e.g., interactive electronic device 100) performing the third set of musical operations and the third set of motional operations in accordance with the third musical interaction behavioral model.
Thus, the present embodiments may provide an interactive electronic device 100 to instruct, interact, and engage with early-stage users in the creation and generation of music conducting and composition through intelligence based progression learning (e.g., creativity and learning levels progress as the early-stage user advances in age, advances in expertise, and/or as the early-stage user interest wanes). In this way, the interactive electronic device 100 may provide a sense of peer-to-peer companionship (e.g., a sense of social and emotional bonding between an early-stage user and the interactive electronic device 100 or a sense of “growing-up together” between the early-stage user and the interactive electronic device 100) for early-stage users over the course of, for example, the entire toddlerdom and childhood of the early-stage user.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example computer system 400 that may be useful in performing one or more of the foregoing techniques as presently disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, one or more computer systems 400 perform one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. In certain embodiments, one or more computer systems 400 provide functionality described or illustrated herein. In certain embodiments, software running on one or more computer systems 400 performs one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein or provides functionality described or illustrated herein. Certain embodiments include one or more portions of one or more computer systems 400. Herein, reference to a computer system may encompass a computing device, and vice versa, where appropriate. Moreover, reference to a computer system may encompass one or more computer systems, where appropriate.
This disclosure contemplates any suitable number of computer systems 400. This disclosure contemplates computer system 400 taking any suitable physical form. As example and not by way of limitation, computer system 400 may be an embedded computer system, a system-on-chip (SOC), a single-board computer system (SBC) (e.g., a computer-on-module (COM) or system-on-module (SOM)), a desktop computer system, a laptop or notebook computer system, an interactive kiosk, a mainframe, a mesh of computer systems, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a server, a tablet computer system, an augmented/virtual reality device, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, computer system 400 may include one or more computer systems 400; be unitary or distributed; span multiple locations; span multiple machines; span multiple data centers; or reside in a cloud, which may include one or more cloud components in one or more networks.
Where appropriate, one or more computer systems 400 may perform without substantial spatial or temporal limitation one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. As an example, and not by way of limitation, one or more computer systems 400 may perform in real time or in batch mode one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. One or more computer systems 400 may perform at different times or at different locations one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein, where appropriate.
In certain embodiments, computer system 400 includes a processor 402, memory 404, storage 406, an input/output (I/O) interface 408, a communication interface 410, and a bus 412. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular computer system having a particular number of particular components in a particular arrangement, this disclosure contemplates any suitable computer system having any suitable number of any suitable components in any suitable arrangement. In certain embodiments, processor 402 includes hardware for executing instructions, such as those making up a computer program. As an example, and not by way of limitation, to execute instructions, processor 402 may retrieve (or fetch) the instructions from an internal register, an internal cache, memory 404, or storage 406; decode and execute them; and then write one or more results to an internal register, an internal cache, memory 404, or storage 406. In certain embodiments, processor 402 may include one or more internal caches for data, instructions, or addresses. This disclosure contemplates processor 402 including any suitable number of any suitable internal caches, where appropriate. As an example, and not by way of limitation, processor 402 may include one or more instruction caches, one or more data caches, and one or more translation lookaside buffers (TLBs). Instructions in the instruction caches may be copies of instructions in memory 404 or storage 406, and the instruction caches may speed up retrieval of those instructions by processor 402.
Data in the data caches may be copies of data in memory 404 or storage 406 for instructions executing at processor 402 to operate on; the results of previous instructions executed at processor 402 for access by subsequent instructions executing at processor 402 or for writing to memory 404 or storage 406; or other suitable data. The data caches may speed up read or write operations by processor 402. The TLBs may speed up virtual-address translation for processor 402. In certain embodiments, processor 402 may include one or more internal registers for data, instructions, or addresses. This disclosure contemplates processor 402 including any suitable number of any suitable internal registers, where appropriate. Where appropriate, processor 402 may include one or more arithmetic logic units (ALUs); be a multi-core processor; or include one or more processors 402. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular processor, this disclosure contemplates any suitable processor.
In certain embodiments, memory 404 includes main memory for storing instructions for processor 402 to execute or data for processor 402 to operate on. As an example, and not by way of limitation, computer system 400 may load instructions from storage 406 or another source (such as, for example, another computer system 400) to memory 404. Processor 402 may then load the instructions from memory 404 to an internal register or internal cache. To execute the instructions, processor 402 may retrieve the instructions from the internal register or internal cache and decode them. During or after execution of the instructions, processor 402 may write one or more results (which may be intermediate or final results) to the internal register or internal cache. Processor 402 may then write one or more of those results to memory 404. In certain embodiments, processor 402 executes only instructions in one or more internal registers or internal caches or in memory 404 (as opposed to storage 406 or elsewhere) and operates only on data in one or more internal registers or internal caches or in memory 404 (as opposed to storage 406 or elsewhere).
One or more memory buses (which may each include an address bus and a data bus) may couple processor 402 to memory 404. Bus 412 may include one or more memory buses, as described below. In certain embodiments, one or more memory management units (MMUs) reside between processor 402 and memory 404 and facilitate accesses to memory 404 requested by processor 402. In certain embodiments, memory 404 includes random access memory (RAM). This RAM may be volatile memory, where appropriate. Where appropriate, this RAM may be dynamic RAM (DRAM) or static RAM (SRAM). Moreover, where appropriate, this RAM may be single-ported or multi-ported RAM. This disclosure contemplates any suitable RAM. Memory 404 may include one or more memories 404, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates particular memory, this disclosure contemplates any suitable memory.
In certain embodiments, storage 406 includes mass storage for data or instructions. As an example, and not by way of limitation, storage 406 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, flash memory, an optical disc, a magneto-optical disc, magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive or a combination of two or more of these. Storage 406 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate. Storage 406 may be internal or external to computer system 400, where appropriate. In certain embodiments, storage 406 is non-volatile, solid-state memory. In certain embodiments, storage 406 includes read-only memory (ROM). Where appropriate, this ROM may be mask-programmed ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), electrically alterable ROM (EAROM), or flash memory or a combination of two or more of these. This disclosure contemplates mass storage 406 taking any suitable physical form. Storage 406 may include one or more storage control units facilitating communication between processor 402 and storage 406, where appropriate. Where appropriate, storage 406 may include one or more storages 406. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates particular storage, this disclosure contemplates any suitable storage.
In certain embodiments, I/O interface 408 includes hardware, software, or both, providing one or more interfaces for communication between computer system 400 and one or more I/O devices. Computer system 400 may include one or more of these I/O devices, where appropriate. One or more of these I/O devices may enable communication between a person and computer system 400. As an example, and not by way of limitation, an I/O device may include a keyboard, keypad, microphone, monitor, mouse, printer, scanner, speaker, still camera, stylus, tablet, touch screen, trackball, video camera, another suitable I/O device or a combination of two or more of these. An I/O device may include one or more sensors. This disclosure contemplates any suitable I/O devices and any suitable I/O interfaces 408 for them. Where appropriate, I/O interface 408 may include one or more device or software drivers enabling processor 402 to drive one or more of these I/O devices. I/O interface 408 may include one or more I/O interfaces 408, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular I/O interface, this disclosure contemplates any suitable I/O interface.
In certain embodiments, communication interface 410 includes hardware, software, or both providing one or more interfaces for communication (such as, for example, packet-based communication) between computer system 400 and one or more other computer systems 400 or one or more networks. As an example, and not by way of limitation, communication interface 410 may include a network interface controller (NIC) or network adapter for communicating with an Ethernet or other wire-based network or a wireless NIC (WNIC) or wireless adapter for communicating with a wireless network, such as a WI-FI network. This disclosure contemplates any suitable network and any suitable communication interface 410 for it.
As an example, and not by way of limitation, computer system 400 may communicate with an ad hoc network, a personal area network (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), or one or more portions of the Internet or a combination of two or more of these. One or more portions of one or more of these networks may be wired or wireless. As an example, computer system 400 may communicate with a wireless PAN (WPAN) (such as, for example, a BLUETOOTH WPAN), a WI-FI network, a WI-MAX network, a cellular telephone network (such as, for example, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network), or other suitable wireless network or a combination of two or more of these. Computer system 400 may include any suitable communication interface 410 for any of these networks, where appropriate. Communication interface 410 may include one or more communication interfaces 410, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular communication interface, this disclosure contemplates any suitable communication interface.
In certain embodiments, bus 412 includes hardware, software, or both coupling components of computer system 400 to each other. As an example, and not by way of limitation, bus 412 may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a front-side bus (FSB), a HYPERTRANSPORT (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an INFINIBAND interconnect, a low-pin-count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCIe) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association local (VLB) bus, or another suitable bus or a combination of two or more of these. Bus 412 may include one or more buses 412, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular bus, this disclosure contemplates any suitable bus or interconnect.
Herein, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium or media may include one or more semiconductor-based or other integrated circuits (ICs) (such, as for example, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific ICs (ASICs)), hard disk drives (HDDs), hybrid hard drives (HHDs), optical discs, optical disc drives (ODDs), magneto-optical discs, magneto-optical drives, floppy diskettes, floppy disk drives (FDDs), magnetic tapes, solid-state drives (SSDs), RAM-drives, SECURE DIGITAL cards or drives, any other suitable computer-readable non-transitory storage media, or any suitable combination of two or more of these, where appropriate. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium may be volatile, non-volatile, or a combination of volatile and non-volatile, where appropriate.
Herein, “or” is inclusive and not exclusive, unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context. Therefore, herein, “A or B” means “A, B, or both,” unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context. Moreover, “and” is both joint and several, unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context. Therefore, herein, “A and B” means “A and B, jointly or severally,” unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context. Herein, “automatically” and its derivatives means “without human intervention,” unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context.
Additionally, herein, at least one of the plurality of modules may be implemented through an AI model. A function associated with AI may be performed through the non-volatile memory, the volatile memory, and the processor. The processor may include one or a plurality of processors. At this time, one or a plurality of processors may be a general purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), or the like, a graphics-only processing unit such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), a visual processing unit (VPU), and/or an AI-dedicated processor such as a neural processing unit (NPU).
The one or a plurality of processors control the processing of the input data in accordance with a predefined operating rule or artificial intelligence (AI) model stored in the non-volatile memory and the volatile memory. The predefined operating rule or artificial intelligence model is provided through training or learning. Here, being provided through learning means that, by applying a learning algorithm to a plurality of learning data, a predefined operating rule or AI model of a desired characteristic is made. The learning may be performed in a device itself in which AI according to an embodiment is performed, and/o may be implemented through a separate server/system. The AI model may consist of a plurality of neural network layers. Each layer has a plurality of weight values, and performs a layer operation through calculation of a previous layer and an operation of a plurality of weights. Examples of neural networks include, but are not limited to, convolutional neural network (CNN), deep neural network (DNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), deep belief network (DBN), bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), generative adversarial networks (GAN), and deep Q-networks. The learning algorithm is a method for training a predetermined target device (for example, a robot) using a plurality of learning data to cause, allow, or control the target device to make a determination or prediction. Examples of learning algorithms include, but are not limited to, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning.
The embodiments disclosed herein are only examples, and the scope of this disclosure is not limited to them. Embodiments according to the embodiment are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a system and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g. method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g. system, as well. The dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims. The subject-matter which can be claimed comprises not only the combinations of features as set out in the attached claims but also any other combination of features in the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature or combination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, any of the embodiments and features described or depicted herein can be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any of the features of the attached claims.
The scope of this disclosure encompasses all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments described or illustrated herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. The scope of this disclosure is not limited to the example embodiments described or illustrated herein. Moreover, although this disclosure describes and illustrates respective embodiments herein as including particular components, elements, feature, functions, operations, or steps, any of these embodiments may include any combination or permutation of any of the components, elements, features, functions, operations, or steps described or illustrated anywhere herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Furthermore, reference in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative. Additionally, although this disclosure describes or illustrates certain embodiments as providing particular advantages, certain embodiments may provide none, some, or all of these advantages.
What is claimed is:
1. A method implemented by a computing system, the method comprising: generating a first musical interaction behavioral model, wherein the first musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause an interactive electronic device to perform a first set of musical operations and a first set of motional operations; while performing the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations, receiving one or more user inputs in response to the performance of the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations; determining a user learning progression level based at least in part on the one or more user inputs; in response to determining that the user learning progression level is above a threshold, generating a second musical interaction behavioral model, wherein the second musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause the interactive electronic device to perform a second set of musical operations and a second set of motional operations; and performing the second set of musical operations and the second set of motional operations in accordance with the second musical interaction behavioral model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations comprises performing a set of musical operations and a set of motional operations in accordance with a predetermined baseline user learning progression level.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of musical operations comprises a set of musical conducting operations or a set of musical composing operations.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of motional operations comprises a set of head motions, a set of body motions, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more user inputs received in response to the performance comprises one or more of a visual user input, an audible user input, or a gesture user input.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the one or more user inputs received in response to the performance as historical user interaction data over a period of time.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the user learning progression level comprises determining a user engagement level.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the user engagement level comprises determining an emotional response of a user while performing the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second musical interaction behavioral model is associated with a first user of a plurality of users, the method further comprising: determining that a second user of the plurality of users is interacting with the interactive electronic device; and generating a third musical interaction behavioral model associated with the second user, wherein the third musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause the interactive electronic device to perform a third set of musical operations and a third set of motional operations.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the second set of musical operations and the second set of motional operations comprises performing a set of musical operations and a set of motional operations in accordance with an advanced user learning progression level.
11. A system comprising: one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media including instructions; and one or more processors coupled to the storage media, the one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: generate a first musical interaction behavioral model, wherein the first musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause an interactive electronic device to perform a first set of musical operations and a first set of motional operations; while performing the first set of musical operations and the first set of physical operations, receive one or more user inputs in response to the performance of the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations; determine a user learning progression level based at least in part on the one or more user inputs; in response to determining that the user learning progression level is above a threshold, generate a second musical interaction behavioral model, wherein the second musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause the interactive electronic device to perform a second set of musical operations and a second set of motional operations; and perform the second set of musical operations and the second set of motional operations in accordance with the second musical interaction behavioral model.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the instructions to perform a predetermined baseline set of musical operations and a predetermined baseline set of motional operations as the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations, respectively.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the instructions to generate a set of musical conducting operations or a set of musical composing operations as the first set of musical operations.
14. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the instructions to generate a set of head motions, a set of body motions, or a combination thereof, as the first set of motional operations.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the instructions to determine a user engagement level as the user learning progression level.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the instructions to determine an emotional response of a user while performing the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations as the user engagement level.
17. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the instructions to: in response to determining that the user learning progression level is below the threshold, generate a third musical interaction behavioral model, wherein the third musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause the interactive electronic device to perform a third set of musical operations and a third set of motional operations.
18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computing system, cause the one or more processors to: generate a first musical interaction behavioral model, wherein the first musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause an interactive electronic device to perform a first set of musical operations and a first set of motional operations; while performing the first set of musical operations and the first set of physical operations, receive one or more user inputs in response to the performance of the first set of musical operations and the first set of motional operations; determine a user learning progression level based at least in part on the one or more user inputs; and in response to determining that the user learning progression level is above a threshold, generate a second musical interaction behavioral model, wherein the second musical interaction behavioral model is configured to cause the interactive electronic device to perform a second set of musical operations and a second set of motional operations; and perform the second set of musical operations and the second set of motional operations in accordance with the second musical interaction behavioral model..
| 3,726 |
https://github.com/Communote/communote-server/blob/master/communote/persistence/src/main/java/com/communote/server/persistence/config/LdapConfigurationDaoImpl.java
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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Apache-2.0
| 2,022 |
communote-server
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Communote
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Java
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Code
| 22 | 107 |
package com.communote.server.persistence.config;
/**
* @see com.communote.server.model.config.LdapConfiguration
*
* @author Communote GmbH - <a href="http://www.communote.com/">http://www.communote.com/</a>
*/
public class LdapConfigurationDaoImpl extends
com.communote.server.persistence.config.LdapConfigurationDaoBase {
}
| 35,467 |
https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/319282
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,016 |
Stack Exchange
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Ash, Jon Skeet, KarelG, https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/1444756, https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/22656, https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/2412895
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English
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Spoken
| 386 | 469 |
Improving answers that are wrong or ambiguous
On a few occasions now I have noticed many basic questions being asked which could be solved with a quick Google search or read of the official documentation. In any event there are people with fair rep who answer the question but give either misleading or down-right wrong information.
Example of this kind of question
So, I attempted to edit the answer which was quickly rejected by the answerer. I do not wish to create another answer that's identical to theirs without the wrongful information.
I attempted to persuede the author to accept my changes and as you can see a length unhelpful exchange of comments happened. So I tidied them up and started a chat - it was not accepted by the author.
So what are my options at this point? Yes the answer does solve the problem, but then the answer also has misleading and wrong information which needs improvement, I feel powerless.
You can provide an answer yourself, and you can add a comment explaining why the existing answer is bad so that readers can judge for themselves. Both of those are fine - putting your opinion in someone else's post (when they disagree with you) is not fine.
What you can do is advise to improve/correct the post. Editing an incorrect post in order to make it right is not the way to go. You can downvote if the answer isn't right or vague. Look to this SO answer where i advised the author to add a link to clarify a statement in his answer. He allowed me to edit his post (which I did). It's a different case, true, but still, it depends of the approach.
If you attempted to edit and it was rejected, your remaining options are basically to downvote his answer and provide an answer yourself. If others agree that his answer is wrong they will also downvote and hopefully a better quality answer will emerge as the front runner.
However, I'm afraid that's not likely to happen in this instance - I think Alexey is right.
Thanks, I guess I didn't want to pollute with the same answer. But you've explained it from a different perspective and actually it makes sense to add my own answer and be more clear.
| 14,941 |
4731708_1
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Caselaw Access Project
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 1,924 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 30 | 49 |
Motion for leave to appeal or for reargument denied, with ten dollars costs, and motion for a stay granted.
Present — Clarke, P. J., Dowling, Finch, MeAvoy and Martin, JJ..
| 6,612 |
US-77586897-A_1
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 1,997 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 2,374 | 2,879 |
Exhaust heat application hose
ABSTRACT
A hose for capturing and redirecting exhaust gasses of a motor vehicle for heating purposes. The hose is pliant and heat resistant. Apparatus for removably connecting to exhaust pipes of different diameters is provided at one end of the hose. This apparatus includes a manual, self-tightening clamp. A nozzle and handle are provided at the other end of the hose. Optionally, the hose has an extension removably insertable into the nozzle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to heat distribution apparatus, and more particularly to a flexible conduit for being attached to a source of pressurized heated gas and for directing the heated gas as desired. The source of heated gas is preferably the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Motor vehicles are typically parked and driven outdoors, where they are subject to exposure to snow, sleet, and in particular, ice. From time to time, these substances interfere with vehicle operation. For example, ice may obscure vision by coating the windows of the vehicle. Ice may immobilize an entry lock. Occasionally, a vehicle will come to rest on a thin sheet or film of ice which causes the vehicle to be unable to gain sufficient traction at the road to proceed. Excessive ice or snow can obstruct access to the door of a vehicle, or cause ingress and egress to be hazardous.
The prior art has suggested heat generating and utilizing appliances to direct heat onto frozen water for removal thereof from surfaces of objects such as vehicles. A device for projecting heat for melting purposes is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,778, issued to Tim P. Stanger on Feb. 7, 1995. This device incorporates an electrical resistive heating element disposed in a member which is placed advantageously for projecting heat as desired. Unlike the present invention, heat is not projected in the form of a stream of hot gas. Also, the present invention does not consume an energy source to provide the heat it projects.
A mat incorporating an electric resistive heating element is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,000, issued to Ralph E. Hornberger on Mar. 1, 1994. As in the case of Stanger, the device of Hornberger does not utilize a stream of hot gas and must consume energy to generate projected heat.
Hoses for conducting gasses are well known. Vacuum cleaners are provided with hoses which frictionally engage an associated blower unit. Hand operated powered blowers, utilized typically for clearing leaves from sidewalks, also employ hoses. However, since the present invention Utilizes exhaust gasses, it must be capable of withstanding considerably greater heat than is imposed upon vacuum cleaners and hand held blowers. Therefore it must have heat resistant properties. An example of a flexible, heat resistant hose construction is seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,390,962, issued to Yumi Sekiguchi et al. on Feb. 21, 1995. However, since the device of Sekiguchi et al. is a joint for an exhaust conduit, it lacks the handle found at one end of the hose of the present invention and an integral clamp found at the other end of the hose. These are important differences between components of exhaust systems for motor vehicles in general and the present invention.
None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a portable, manually installed conduit for capturing and redirecting motor vehicle exhaust gasses to areas in need of heat. This is a highly efficient and practical solution to the need for localized application of heat in the outdoors. No separate source of energy nor supply of fuel, nor burner for the latter, need be provided. Otherwise waste heat is exploited for a useful purpose.
Windows and locks may be de-iced by automotive exhaust, and patches of the road may be cleared in part by the same. Heat may be recirculated to the radiator, or to another vehicle. For example, a battery of a second vehicle may be heated to increase its electrical capacity for cold weather starting. Engine blocks and radiators of a second vehicle may be heated. Ignition systems may be heated and dried to restore operation lost to moisture. Ladders and steps of building structures proximate the vehicle supplying the heat may be de-iced, dried, or heated by the invention.
Regardless of the actual purpose addressed by the invention, operation exploits heat present in otherwise wasted exhaust gasses. The invention comprises a hose adapted to be temporarily connected to the exhaust system of the vehicle and has structure enabling expedient projection of the exhaust gasses. The novel hose engages the end of the exhaust system of the motor vehicle at its proximal end and its distal end is directed to a location being heated. A clamp is incorporated into the proximal end, so that the hose may be secured to the exhaust system. The distal end preferably includes a nozzle and a handle for manually directing and wielding the nozzle.
Optionally, the distal end includes a socket for frictionally receiving an extension. This is important in enabling work at close quarters to be performed with the nozzle disposed in close proximity to the handle, as occurs typically with de-icing of windows and restoring operability of door locks. Both of these tasks are performed roughly at or above waist level of a standing adult. However, directing heat onto patches of road and low steps requires that the nozzle be lowered to foot level. The extension enables these latter tasks to be performed without requiring the user to kneel on potentially slippery ground surfaces or to bend over,. which imposes strain on the back.
In another option, the proximal end may have an adjustable receptacle for fitting to different sized exhaust pipes.
The hose is flexible, so that the distal end may be directed as desired. The hose, nozzle, and other components subject to heat are heat resistant, so that the invention does not degrade due to heat, and so that the user's hands are not burned.
Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide a hose for advantageously directing heat of a stream of exhaust gas from a motor vehicle.
It is another object of the invention to provide apparatus enabling the novel hose to be removably connected to the exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle.
It is a further object of the invention to enable the novel hose to be grasped and directed by hand without the hand being burned.
Still another object of the invention is to provide adjustability in connecting to exhaust pipes of different dimensions.
An additional object of the invention is to enable the novel hose to receive an extension at its distal end, for preventing necessity of kneeling or bending over by the user.
It is an object of the invention to provide improved elements and arrangements thereof in an apparatus for the purposes described which is inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its intended purposes.
These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various other objects, features, and attendant advantages of the present invention will become more fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is an environmental, partially cross sectional view of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional detail view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Turning now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, novel hose 10 is shown in a position suitable for installation on the exposed end of an exhaust or tail pipe 2 of a motor vehicle (not shown). Hose 10 comprises a main section 12 a proximal end 14 and a distal end 16. Proximal end 14 is removably connected to exhaust pipe 2 by slipping connection apparatus 18 over exhaust pipe 2 and tightening a clamp 20 more clearly seen in FIG. 2.
In FIG. 2, connection apparatus 18, which is permanently attached to main section 12 of hose 10, is seen to comprise a collar 22 which is slipped over exhaust pipe 2 and clamp 20. Clamp 20 is preferably of a type having a band 24 having spring characteristics urging band 24 to constrict or close over collar 22. Collar 22 is fabricated to be pliant and flexible, so as to adjust in diameter. This characteristic enables collar to adjust for exhaust pipes of different diameters. Connection apparatus 18 joins main section 12 of hose 10 at endwall 26.
Band 24 of clamp 20 need not entirely encircle collar 22, since a leak-tight seal is not critical. Not all of the exhaust gasses discharged from exhaust pipe 2 must be confined to flow within hose 10 for the invention to be effective.
Clamp 20 is permanently retained on collar 22 by any suitable method. For example, band 24 may be embedded within the material constituting collar 22. Alternatively, collar 22 may include tethers (not shown) or similar structure retaining band 24.
Clamp 20 has lever handles 28 each attached to one end 30 or 32 of band 24. When handles 28 are squeezed together at their respective separated ends 30, 32, these ends 30, 32 are forced apart, thereby increasing effective diameter of band 24 and relaxing constriction of collar 22. Lever handles 28 are so called since they pivot about a common point inside band 24. By extending outwardly from this point, they afford leverage for overcoming spring force of band 24 urging band 24 to close. Connection apparatus 18 is installed on and removed from exhaust pipe 2 when constriction is relaxed.
Distal end 16 of hose 10 has a rigid section or nozzle 34 for directing exhaust gasses to be discharged advantageously, or directed appropriately for the task at hand. Nozzle 34 has a handle 36 fixed thereto for manipulating nozzle 34 accordingly.
Nozzle 34 preferably includes a receptacle 38 for receiving an extension 40. Extension 40 is secured by frictional fit within receptacle 38, and is of sufficient length to extend near the ground when nozzle 40 is held at waist height. This arrangement enables a person to direct hot exhaust gasses against ice covering the ground without being forced into an uncomfortable bent over posture. Handle 36 is grasped at about waist height, with the discharge end 42 of extension 40 distant from handle 36, extending to or near ground level.
Main section 12 of hose 10 is fabricated from a pliant yet semi-rigid material. This signifies that main section 12 may be bent at will by manual force, yet is sufficiently rigid to avoid slumping to the point of collapsing or crimping, thereby restricting flow of exhaust gasses. Main section 12, collar 22, nozzle 34, and extension 40 are preferably formed from materials having heat resistant properties capable of withstanding all temperatures less than 250° F. (150° C.).
Many natural and synthetic materials are suitable for fabricating hose 10. Some natural materials include amphiboles and glass preferably in fiber form for flexibility. A number of synthetic materials which are strong, flexible, and temperature resistant have been developed for use in heat resistant apparel and other fire safety applications. These materials are well known and need not be recited herein in detail.
Constituent materials of hose 10 have temperature resistance exceeding 250° F. (150° C.). It will be appreciated that metallic exhaust systems of motor vehicles. dissipate a certain amount of exhaust heat. Temperatures prevailing at the discharge end of the exhaust system are subject to unpredictable variation. It may therefore be desirable to provide materials withstanding much greater temperatures. The temperature cited above is a minimum value for selecting temperature resistance, since this temperature is easily attained in most motor vehicles commercially available today.
Although constituent material of hose 10 has been depicted as homogeneous, other constructions may be substituted. For example, main section 12, collar 22, nozzle 34, and extension 40 may be fabricated utilizing a metal foil and a fiber sleeve concentrically arranged.
The embodiments of the present invention described above are susceptible to many variations and modifications which may be introduced without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, clamp 20 may take other forms. In another example, handle 36 may attach to main section 12 at distal end 16 rather than to rigid nozzle 34, if desired. Also, extension 40 may thread or otherwise removably attach to nozzle 34. Still other modifications will occur to those of skill in the art.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A hose for advantageously directing exhaust gasses of a motor vehicle for purposes of heating and melting ice, said hose comprising:a main section fabricated from pliant material having heat resistant properties capable of withstanding temperatures less than 250° F. (150° C.), said main section having a proximal end for attachment to an exhaust pipe of the motor vehicle and a distal end for discharging exhaust gasses; connection means for removably connecting said hose to the exhaust pipe, said connection means disposed at and permanently attached to said proximal end of said main section of said hose and comprising a pliant and flexible collar and a clamp having lever handles for opening and closing said clamp about said collar over the exhaust pipe of the motor vehicle, said clamp having means for retaining said clamp on said collar; a rigid nozzle disposed at said distal end of said hose, said nozzle having a raised handle, connected to said nozzle, for manipulating said hose to discharge exhaust gasses advantageously, a receptacle formed in said nozzle, and an extension having means for removably and frictionally attaching to said receptacle of said nozzle, whereby exhaust gasses may selectively be discharged from said hose at a point distant from said handle..
| 37,231 |
US-201615295733-A_2
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USPTO
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Open Government
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Public Domain
| 2,016 |
None
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 3,928 | 5,431 |
As stated above, the self-generated protective atmosphere created after the introduction of the additive(s) will inhibit the oxidation of the surface of the melt and will limit the amount of internal oxides in the powders. FIG. 18 shows primary graphite nodules that precipitated on silicon oxides that were formed during pouring from the crucible to the tundish and were in suspension in the melt prior to the atomization of the FGP4025 powder. In Fe-rich systems that contain a high carbon content, carbon provides a protection against oxidation of the melt in the crucible (because of the high temperature), which prevents the formation of oxides in the crucible. Numerous graphite nodules that grew on these different oxides can be observed in the powder without an additive. By comparison, FIG. 19 presents one of the few primary graphite nodules that can be observed in the alloy that was treated with an additive (Mg in the FGP4025Mg alloy of FIG. 7). Since the protective atmosphere made of Mg gas limited the oxidation of the melt directly from the crucible and throughout pouring, the amount of oxides that were present in the melt before the introduction of the additive was significantly less than in the melt without the additive. Thus, very few substrates were available for graphite precipitation during the atomization of the FGP4025Mg powder.
As described above, due to the combined effect of the additive(s) on the generation of a protective atmosphere and the reaction with dissolved sulfur, the atomized particles have a spherical shape, even when produced by water atomization. The median of the circularity and that of the roundness of the atomized particles is at least 0.6. The particle size of the atomized particles can vary. According to one embodiment, the atomized particles have a particle size or diameter of not greater than 2.5 mm. For example, when the FPG4025(Mg) compositions were atomized with a water pressure of 2.6 MPa, particles with a maximum diameter of the order of about 2 mm were obtained. According to another embodiment, the atomized particles have a particle size of not greater than 500 microns. For example, the atomized particles can be screened at −200 mesh (74 microns and less). According to another embodiment, when the SS304(Mg) compositions were atomized with a water pressure of 7.5 MPa, particles with a maximum diameter of the order of about 400 microns were obtained with a median size of about 72 microns. It is also possible to further vary the water pressure and/or to screen the atomized powders to a different size and obtain a size distribution that fits the targeted process including additive manufacturing.
The powder metal material is typically formed by water or gas atomization. However another atomization process can be used in various different automotive or non-automotive applications. For example, the atomized particles can be used in typical press and sinter processes. The atomized particles can also be used for metal injection molding, thermal spraying, and additive manufacturing applications such as three-dimensional printing and selective laser sintering.
Experiment
The sphericity, observation of internal porosities and internal oxides of powder metal materials having the compositions shown in the Table of FIG. 7 were measured after a water atomization process. Four of the compositions included magnesium added to the melted metal material before the atomization step and three of those were compared to the same material without the added magnesium. For each of these powders, about 15 to 25 kilograms of the raw materials were melted in an induction furnace. A flow of argon was projected on top of the melt throughout the atomization process. Then, the Mg was added as pure Mg for the silicon steel designated as FGP1210Mg and the cast iron designated as FGP4025Mg, as FeSiMg(3.65 wt. % Mg) plus an addition of about 0.01 wt. % Na for the cast iron designated as S4-FGP#1 and as NiMg(15 wt. % Mg) for the stainless steel powder (SS304Mg). The atomization temperature was about 1550 Celsius for the silicon steel, about 1500 Celsius for the cast iron FGP4025Mg, about 1620 Celsius for the cast iron S4-FGP#1 and 1640 Celsius for the stainless steel. The water pressure was 4.5 MPa for the silicon steel, 2.6 MPa for the cast iron FGP4025Mg, 5.0 MPa for the cast iron S4-FGP#1 and 7.5 MPa for the stainless steel. For the four powders treated with Mg, the atomization was completed in about 10 to 20 minutes after the Mg addition. While the above details were performed in laboratory, similar mechanisms and trends will translate to an industrial environment.
FIG. 8 illustrates the circularity frequency distribution of the FGP1210 and the FGP1210Mg powders screened at −200 mesh. FIG. 9 illustrates the roundness frequency distribution of the FGP1210 and the FGP1210Mg powders screened at −200 mesh. FIG. 10 illustrates the circularity frequency distribution of the FGP4025 and the FGP4025Mg powders screened at −200 mesh. FIG. 11 illustrates the roundness frequency distribution of the FGP4025 and the FGP4025Mg powders screened at −200 mesh. FIG. 12 illustrates the circularity frequency distribution of the SS304 and the SS304Mg powders screened at −200 mesh. FIG. 13 illustrates the roundness frequency distribution of the SS304 and the SS304Mg powders screened at −200 mesh. FIG. 14 is a table illustrating numerical data for the circularity of each composition listed in the table of FIG. 7. FIG. 15 is a table illustrating numerical data for the roundness of each composition listed in the Table of FIG. 7. Since Mg reacted with the dissolved sulfur in all these systems, an improvement of the circularity and roundness is observed for all the powders that were treated with this additive.
FIG. 20 presents graphite nodules which grew in a solid state during a post heat treatment process of the cast iron powder FGP4025 without added Mg. By comparison, FIG. 21 presents more spherical graphite nodules which grew in a solid state during a post heat treatment process of the cast iron powder FGP4025Mg (with added Mg). The two powders were treated in the same furnace with the same heat treatment profile. FIG. 22 illustrates the circularity frequency distribution of the graphite nodules that grew in the solid state in the cast iron powders FGP4025 and FGP4025Mg. FIG. 23 illustrates the roundness frequency distribution of the graphite nodules that grew in the solid state in the cast iron powders FGP4025 and FGP4025Mg. FIG. 24 is a table illustrating numerical data for the circularity of the graphite nodules that grew in the solid state in the cast iron powders FGP4025 and FGP4025Mg. FIG. 25 is a table illustrating numerical data for the roundness of the graphite nodules that grew in the solid state in the cast iron powders FGP4025 and FGP4025Mg. Since Mg reacted with the dissolved sulfur in the FGP4025Mg powder, an improvement of the circularity and roundness of the graphite nodules that grew in the solid state during a post heat treatment process was observed compared to the graphite nodules present in the powder that was not treated with Mg (FGP4025).
FIG. 16 shows numerous internal porosities in the SS304 without an additive. FIG. 17 shows that the amount of internal porosities was lowered compared to those of FIG. 16 by the introduction of Mg in the melt before the atomization. Observation of about 260 particles for each powder (SS304 and SS304Mg) shows that the number of particles that contain internal porosities went from 17% to 8%, thus an improvement of more than 50%. The number of internal oxides was also measured and went from 15% to about 10%, thus an improvement of about 33%. Note that the exact values of the improvement of the amount of internal oxides and internal porosities are dependent on the alloy, the atomization process and the process parameters. FIG. 18 shows many irregular primary graphite nodules in the cast iron powder FGP4025 (without added magnesium) that precipitated on internal silicon oxides that were introduced in the melt during the pouring step of the atomization process. By comparison, FIG. 19 presents one of the few primary graphite nodules that can be observed in the cast iron powder FGP4025Mg (with added Mg). The protective gas atmosphere of Mg limited the oxidation of the melt directly from the crucible and throughout pouring, and the amount of oxides that were present in the melt before the introduction of the additive was significantly less than in the melt without the additive. This is demonstrated by the very limited amount of substrates available for graphite precipitation during the atomization of the FGP4025Mg powder.
FIG. 27 presents EDS spectra that were experimentally acquired on a polished pure iron surface before and after it was exposed to the atmosphere on top of the tundish after pouring the melt of the powder S4-FGP#1. In this case, the additives were Mg and Na. The spectra of FIG. 27 prove that a protective gaseous atmosphere made of Mg and Na was formed on top of the melt. FIG. 26 presents the calculated volume of protective gas that was formed for each 100 grams of a melt that has a composition similar to the S4-FGP#1 alloy. The amount of protective gas that was formed for an addition of 0.11 wt. % Mg+Na is about 5 times the inferior volume limit.
FIGS. 28 to 35 show the calculated volume of protective gas that is formed for each 100 grams of melt of different pure metals (Al, Ti, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni) and for different amounts of various additives. These figures indicate that for one particular chemical system, the minimum amount of an additive that must be added to create a protective gas atmosphere varies according to the nature of the additive. For instance, in iron at 1650 Celsius, the minimum amount of Zn to create a protective gas atmosphere made of Zn is about 0.20 wt. %, but the minimum amount of Li to create a protective gas atmosphere made of Li is about 0.06 wt. %. FIGS. 28 to 35 also show that the minimum amount of one particular additive to create a protective gas atmosphere varies according to the chemical system in which it is used. For instance, in iron at 1650 Celsius the minimum amount of Zn to create a protective gas atmosphere made of Zn is about 0.20 wt. %, but in titanium at 1800 Celsius the minimum amount of Zn to create a protective gas atmosphere made of Zn is about 0.50 wt. %.
FIG. 36 shows the calculated volume of protective gas that is formed for each 100 grams of melt of a complex cobalt alloy than contains various alloying elements (28% Cr, 6 % Mo, 0.5% Si, 0.5% Fe, 0.5% Mn, and 0.02% S) and 0.02 wt. % chromium oxides in the melt (Cr₂O₃) at 1600 Celsius. The additive that forms the protective gas atmosphere is a mixture made of 60 wt. % K and 40 wt. % Li. For this system, the minimum amount of additive to create a volume of gas that is at least 3 times the volume of melt to be treated is about 0.025 wt. % K+Li (0.015 wt. % K and 0.010 wt. % Li). For instance, if 0.10 wt. % K+Li is added, the calculations showed that the volume of the protective gas atmosphere is about 5 times the inferior limit and that the composition of the protective gas is about 66 vol. % K and 27 vol. % Li. Calculations also showed that the additive Li reacted with the dissolved sulfur and the chromium oxides. The examples presented in FIGS. 26 to 36 are not exhaustive and not inclusive.
Based on the experiment, when the additive(s) react with the dissolved sulfur, it was concluded that the minimum percentage of particles in bin ]0.7-1.0] for the circularity and the roundness is typically 30%. More preferably, the minimum percentage of particles in bin ]0.7-1.0] for the circularity and the roundness is 40%. Even more preferably, the minimum percentage of particles in bin ]0.7-1.0] for the circularity and the roundness is 50%.
Based on the experiment, when the additive(s) react with the dissolved sulfur, it was concluded that the minimum percentage of particles in bin ]0.8-1.0] for the circularity and the roundness is typically 15%. More preferably, the minimum percentage of particles in bin ]0.8-1.0] for the circularity and the roundness is 20%. Even more preferably, the minimum percentage of particles in bin ]0.8-1.0] for the circularity and the roundness is 25%.
Based on the experiment, when the additive(s) react with the dissolved sulfur, it was concluded that for the circularity and roundness, the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.6-1.0] is typically 8% compared to the powder without the additive. More preferably, for the circularity and roundness the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.6-1.0] is 10%. Even more preferably, for the circularity and roundness the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.6-1.0] is 12%.
Based on the experiment, when the additive(s) react with the dissolved sulfur, it was concluded that for the circularity and roundness, the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.7-1.0] is typically 15% compared to the powder without the additive. More preferably, for the circularity and roundness the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.7-1.0] is 20%. Even more preferably, for the circularity and roundness the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.7-1.0] is 25%.
Based on the experiment, when the additive(s) react with the dissolved sulfur, it was concluded that for the circularity and roundness, the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.8-1.0] is typically 20% compared to the powder without the additive. More preferably, for the circularity and roundness the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.8-1.0] is 25%. Even more preferably, for the circularity and roundness the minimum relative percentage increase of particles in bin ]0.8-1.0] is 30%.
Based on the experiment, when the additive(s) react with the dissolved sulfur, it was concluded that for both the circularity and roundness, the minimum relative percentage increase of the amount of microstructural phases and/or constituent in bin ]0.6-1.0] is typically 10% compared to the microstructural phases and constituents of the powder without the additive. More preferably, the minimum relative percentage increase of the amount of microstructural phases and/or constituent in bin ]0.6-1.0] is typically 15%. Even more preferably, the minimum relative percentage increase of the amount of microstructural phases and/or constituent in bin ]0.6-1.0] is typically 20%.
The experiment illustrates that adding magnesium to a Fe-rich melted metal material before or during a water atomization process, an increase of the sphericity of the atomized powder metal material is obtained, compared to the same material without the added magnesium.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described while within the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of manufacturing a powder metal material, comprising the steps of: adding at least one additive to a melted base metal material, the at least one additive forming a protective gas atmosphere surrounding the melted metal material which has a volume of at least three times greater than the volume of the melted base metal material to be treated; and atomizing the melted metal material after adding at least some of the at least one additive to produce a plurality of particles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the median circularity of the particles is at least 0.60.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the median roundness of the particles is at least 0.60.
4. The method of claim 1 further including the step of heat treating the particles after the atomization step to form microstructural constituents or phases, the microstructural constituents or phases have a median circularity of at least 0.60 and a median roundness of at least 0.60.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the metal material is an iron-based material, the at least one additive includes magnesium, the microstructural constituents or phases are graphite precipitates and/or carbides and/or nitrides, and the phases and/or constituents have a median circularity of at least 0.60 and a median roundness of at least 0.60.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the atomizing step includes water atomizing, gas atomizing, plasma atomizing, or rotating disk atomizing.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the atomizing step includes water atomizing, and the water atomizing step includes applying water at a pressure of 2 MPa to 150 MPa and above to the melted metal material.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the base metal material includes at least one of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), and chromium (Cr); and the base metal material optionally contains at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), boron (B), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), carbon (C), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge) potassium (K), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), nitrogen (N), sodium (Na), niobium (Nb), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), scandium (Sc), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one additive added to the base metal material includes at least one of: K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is an iron-based material, and the at least one additive forming the protective gas atmosphere includes at least one of: K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, and Ca.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is iron-based and includes sulfur present as an impurity, and the at least one additive includes at least one of Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the sulfur.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is iron-based and includes at least one oxide present as an impurity, and the at least one additive includes at least one of K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the at least one oxide.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is iron-based and includes sulfur and at least one oxide present as impurities; the at least one additive forming the protective gas atmosphere includes at least one of Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, and Ca; and the at least one additive also reacts with the sulfur and the at least one oxide.
14. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is an aluminum alloy and includes sulfur and/or at least one oxide present as impurities; the at least one additive forming the protective gas atmosphere includes at least one of: K and Na; and the at least one additive includes at least one of K, Na, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the sulfur, and/or the at least one additive includes at least one of K, Na, Mg, Li, Ca to react with the at least one oxide.
15. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is titanium-based and includes sulfur and/or at least one oxide present as impurities; and the at least one additive forming the protective gas atmosphere includes at least one of: Zn, Mg, Li, Ca and Ba; and the at least one additive includes at least one of K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the sulfur, and/or the at least one additive includes at least one of Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the at least one oxide.
16. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is a cobalt alloy and includes sulfur and/or at least one oxide present as impurities; the at least one additive forming the protective gas atmosphere includes at least one of: K, Na, Li and Ca; and the at least one additive includes at least one of Na, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the sulfur, and/or the at least one additive includes at least one of K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, Ba to react with the at least one oxide.
17. The method of claim 8, wherein the base metal material is a chromium alloy and includes sulfur and/or at least one oxide present as impurities; the at least one additive forming the protective gas atmosphere includes at least one of: K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca and Ba; and the at least one additive includes at least one of K, Na, Zn, Mg, Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the sulfur, and/or the at least one additive includes at least one of K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba to react with the at least one oxide.
18. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one additive includes Mg.
19. A water atomized powder metal material, comprising: a plurality of atomized particles formed from a base metal material and at least one additive, wherein the atomized particles have a median circularity of least 0.60 and a median roundness of at least 0.60.
20. The powder metal material of claim 19, wherein the base metal material includes at least one of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), and chromium (Cr); and the base metal material optionally contains at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), boron (B), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), carbon (C), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge) potassium (K), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), nitrogen (N), sodium (Na), niobium (Nb), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), scandium (Sc), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one additive includes at least one of: K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba.
22. A water atomized powder metal material, comprising: a plurality of atomized particles formed from a base metal material and at least one additive, wherein the atomized particles include microstructural constituents or phases, and at microstructural constituents or phases have a median circularity of at least 0.60 and a median roundness of at least 0.60.
23. The powder metal material of claim 22, wherein the base metal material includes at least one of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), and chromium (Cr); and the base metal material optionally contains at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), boron (B), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), carbon (C), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge) potassium (K), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo), nitrogen (N), sodium (Na), niobium (Nb), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), scandium (Sc), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), strontium (Sr), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), and zirconium (Zr).
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least one additive includes at least one of: K, Na, Zn, Mg, Li, Sr, Ca, and Ba.
25. The powder metal material of claim 23, wherein the base metal material is an iron-based material, the at least one additive includes Mg, the microstructural constituents or phases are graphite precipitates, and the graphite precipitates have a have a median circularity of 0.60 and a median roundness of 0.60..
| 6,571 |
09016976_11
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LoC-PD-Books
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,909 |
The dreamer : a romantic rendering of the life-story of Edgar Allan Poe
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None
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English
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Spoken
| 7,535 | 9,411 |
He came late, but he was a little more cordial in his expressions of pleasure in coming than any of those before him. His bows to Virginia and Mrs. Clemm were more profound — his estimation of Virginia's beauty he made at once apparent in the intense, admir- ing gaze he bestowed upon her. His words of congratu- 270 THE DREAMER lation and good will for his host were more extravagant than those of any of the others and were uttered in a voice as smooth — as fluent — as oil; while he rubbed his large, fleshy hands together in a manner betokening cordiality. When his host spoke, he turned his ear to- ward him (though his eyes glanced aside and down- ward) with an air of marked attention, and agreed emphatically with his views or laughed uproariously at his pleasantries. Yet at Eufus Griswold^s heart jealousy was gnawing. Heaven had endowed him with mind to recognize genius, yet had denied him its possession. He that would have worn the laurel himself, was born to be but the trumpeter of others' victories. He, like Edgar Poe, had an open eye and ear for beauty — for har- mony. He could feel the divine fire of inspiration in the creations of master minds — yet he could not him- self create. He was a brilliant critic, but (as has been said) his ambition was to be, like Poe, also a poet. His quick intuition had divined the genius of Poe at their first meeting. He knew in a flash, that the neat, slen- der, polished gentleman, with the cameo face, the large brow and the luminous eyes, and with the deep-toned, vibrant voice, was one of the few he had ever met of whom he could say with assurance, " There goes a genius — " and of those few the topmost. Poe's writ- ing, especially his poetry, enthralled him. To have been able to come before the world as the author of sucli work he would have sold his soul. And this man who had caught him in a net woven of mingled fascination, and envy, and hate, had, oh, bitter! — while generously applauding him as a critic and reviewer — as a compiler and preserver of other THE DREAMER 271 men's work— had added, " But— but — lie is no poet." He had received the stab without an apparent flinch. He had even laughed and declared that Mr. Poe was right. That he himself knew he was no poet — he did not aspire to be a real one, but only dropped into verse now and then by way of pastime. The lie had slipped easily from his tongue, but his eyes drooped ever so little more than usual as it did so, their shifty gleam glanced ever so little more sidewise. And though he came late to the birthday feast, his words of friendship were emphatic and the laugh that told of his pleasure in being there was loud and fre- quent. And he smiled and rubbed his hands together — and bided his time. And Edgar Poe was pleased — immensely pleased — on his gala night, with the complimentary manner and the complimentary words of this welcome guest — of this big, brainy man whose good opinion he so much desired. Alas, hapless Dreamer ! Did the gleam of those eyes cast alway slightly downward, slightly askance — give you no discomfort? Did the fang-like teeth when the thick lips opened to pour forth birthday wishes or streams of uproarious laughter, and the square lines of the jaw, suggest to your ready imagination no hint of cruelty ? If you could but have known that what time he laughed and talked with your guests and feasted at your board, with its tasty viands and its cake with lighted candles, and bent his furtive glance upon the beauty of your guileless Virginia — if you could but have known that in his black heart the canker jealousy was gnawing and that, behind the smile he wore as a mask, the brainy man was biding his time ! 272 THE DREAMER It was a goodly little company — a coming together of bright wits and (for the most part) of kind hearts, and the talk was crisp, and fresh, and charming. Supper was served early. "My wife and her mother have thought that you Penn folk might like to sit down to a Virginia supper,'' said the host, as he led Mrs. Graham to the table, and stood for a moment while Virginia designated the seats to be taken. Then still standing, said, "Every man a priest to his own household, is our Virginia rule, but as we have with us tonight one who before he took up Letters wore the cloth, I'm going to abdicate in his favor. Dr. Griswold will you ask a blessing ? " All heads were bowed while the time-honored little ceremonial was performed, then seats were taken and the repast begun. Virginia presided over the "tea-things," while Mrs. Clemm occupied the seat nearest the door opening on the kitchen, that she might slip as unobtrusively as possible out and back again when necessary; but most of the serving was done by the guests themselves, each of whom helped the dish nearest his or her plate, and passed the plates from hand to hand. All of the sup- per, save the dessert and fresh supplies of hot waffles was on the table. There were oysters and turkey salad and Virginia ham. And there were hot rolls and " bat- ter-bread" (made of Virginia meal with plenty of butter, eggs and milk, and a spoonful of boiled rice stirred in) and there was a " Sally Lunn " — light, brown, and also hot, and plenty of waffles. In the little spaces between the more important dishes there were pickles and preserves — stuffed mangoes and preserved TEE DREAMER 273 quinces and currant jelly. And in the centre of the table was the beautiful birthday cake frosted by Vir- ginians dainty fingers and brilliant with its thirty-three lighted candles. There was just enough room left for the three slender cut-glass decanters that were relics of Mother Clemm's better days. " The decanter before you, Mr. Graham, contains the Madeira; the Canary is before you, Captain Eeid, and I have here a beverage with which I am very much in love at present — apple wine — " Edgar Poe said, tap- ping the stopper of a decanter of cider near his plate. All undersood. He had served the cider that he might join with them in their pledges of friendship and good will without breaking through the rule of abstemiousness in which he was finding so much bene- fit. The toasts were clever as well as complimentary, and the table-talk light and sparkling. Finally both Mrs. Clemm and Virginia arose to clear the table for the dessert. "You see, my friends, we keep no maid or butler,'' said the host, " but I'm sure you will all agree with me in feeling that we would not exchange our two Hebes for any, and they take serving you as a privilege." The cake was cut and served with calves-foot jelly — quivering and ruby red — and velvety Ijlanc mange. After supper Virginia's harp was brought out of its corner and she sang to them. With adorable sweet- ness and simplicity she gave each one's favorite song as it was asked for — filling all the cottage with her pure sweet tones accompanied by the bell-like, rippling notes of the harp. The company sat entranced — all 274 THE DREAMER eyes upon the lovely girl from whose throat poured the streams of melody. She seemed but a child ; for all she had been married six years she had but just passed out of her "teens" and might easily have been taken for a girl of fifteen. Her hair, it is true, was "tucked up/' but the inno- cence in the upturned, velvet eyes, the soft, childish outlines of the face, the dimpled hands and arms against the harp's glided strings, the simple little frock of white dimity, all combined to give her a " babyfied " look which was most appealing, and which her title of "Mrs. Poe" seemed rather to accentuate than other- wise. Kufus Griswold's furtive eye rested balefuUy upon her. And this exquitite being too, belonged to that man — as if the gods had not already given him enough ! From a far corner of the room her husband gazed upon her, and bathed his senses in contemplation of her beauty while his soul soared with her song. Mother Clemm noiselessly passing near him to snuff a candle on the table upon which his elbow, propping his head, rested, paused for a moment and laid a caressing hand upon his hair. He impulsively drew her down to a seat beside him. " Oh, Muddie, Muddie, look at her— look at her ! " he whispered. " There is no one anywhere so beautiful as my little wife ! And no voice like hers outside of Heaven! .... Ah — " What was the matter ? Was his Virginia ill ? Even as he spoke her voice broke upon the middle of a note — then stopped. One hand clutched the harp, the other flew to her throat from which came only an inarticulate THE DREAMER 275 sound like a struggle for utterance. Terror was in the innocent eyes and the deathly white, baby face. :For a tense moment the little company of birthday guests sat rooted to their places with horror, then rushed in a mass toward the singer, but her husband was there first — his face like marble. His arms were around her but with a repetition of that inarticulate, gurgling sound she fell limp against his breast in a swoon. From the sweet lips where so lately only melody had been a tiny stream of blood oozed and trickled down and stained her pretty white dress. "Back! — All of you!'' commanded the low, clear voice of Edgar Poe, as with the dear burden still in his arms he sank gently to the floor and propping her head in his lap, disposed her limbs in comfortable, and her dress in orderly manner. "Back— don't crowd! A doctor! One of the guests from nearby, who knew the neigh- borhood, had already slipped from the door and gone to fetch the nearest doctor. The others sat and listened for his step in breathless stillness. Edgar Poe bent his marble face above the prostrate form of his wife, calling to her in endearing whispers while, with his handkerchief he wiped from her lips the oozing, crimson stream. His teeth chattered. Once before he had seen such a stream. It was long ago — long ago, but he remembered it well. He was back — a little boy, a mere baby — in the small, dark room behind Mrs. Eipps' millinery shop, in Richmond, and a stream like this came from the lips of his mother who lay so still, so white, upon the bed. And his mother had been dying. He had seen her thus — he 276 TEE DREAMER would see her nevermore! Would the doctor never come? — Many days the Ange] of Death spread his wings over the cottage in the Valley of the Many-Colored Grass. Their shadow cast a great stillness upon the cottage. Outside was a white, silent world. Snow had fallen — enow on snow — until it lay deep, deep upon the garden- spot and deep in the streets outside. There was no wind and the ice-sheathed trees that were as sentinels round about the cottage stood still. They seemed to listen and to wait. Inside, in the bed-chamber upstairs, under the shelv- ing walls of the low Dutch roof, The Dreamer's hearts- ease blossom lay broken and wan upon the white bed. It was a very white little blossom and the dark eyes seemed darker, larger than ever before as they looked out from the pale face. But they had never seemed so soft and a smile like an angel's played now and again about her lips. Beside her, with his lips pressed upon the tiny white hand which he held in both his own was the bowed figure of a man — of a poet and a lover who like the ice-sheathed trees seemed to listen and to wait — of a man whose countenance from being pale was become ghastly, whose eyes from being luminous were wild with a " divine despair." At the foot of the bed sat a silver-haired woman with saintlike face uplifted in resignation and aspiration. For once the busy hands were idle and were clasped in her lap. She too, listened and waited, as she had listened and waited for days. Oh Love ! Oh Life ! Are THE DREAMER 277 these the happy trio who lived for each other only in the Valley of the Many-Colored Grass ? The silence was only broken when the lips of the invalid moved to murmur some loving words or to bab- ble of the flowers in the Valley. She was in no pain but she was very tired. She was not unhappy, for the two whom she loved and who loved her were with her and though she was tired she soon would rest — in Heaven. When she spoke of going the man's heart stood still with terror. He held the hand closer and pressed his lips more fiercely upon it. He would not let her go, he vowed. There was no power in Heaven or hell to whom he would yield her. But she sweetly plead that he would not try to de- tain her — that he would learn to bear the idea of her leaving him which now gave her no unhappiness but for one thought — the thought that after a season he might, in the love of some other maiden, forget the sweet life he had lived with her in the Valley, and that because of his forgetting, it would not be given to him to join her at last, in the land where she would be waiting for him — the land of Eest. At her words, he flung himself upon his knees beside her bed and offered up a vow to herself and to Heaven that he would never bind himself in marriage to any other daughter of earth, or in any way prove himself forgetful of her memory and her love, and to make the vow the stronger, he invoked a curse upon his head if he should ever prove false to his promise. And as she listened her soft eyes grew brighter and she, in turn, made a \ow to him that even after her departure she would watch over him in spirit and if it were permitted her, would return to him visibly in the 278 THE DREAMER watches of the night, but if that were beyond her power, would at least give him frequent indications of her presence — sighing upon him in the evening winds or filling the air which he breathed with perfume from the censers of the angels. And she sighed as if a deadly burden had been lifted from her breast, and trembled and wept and vowed that her bed of death had been made easy by his vow. But it was not to be the bed of death. Little by little the shadow lifted from over the cottage — the shadow of the wings of the Angel of Death — and sunshine fell where the shadow had been, and a soft zephyr made music, that was like the music of the voice of " Ligeia/* in the trees which dropped their sheath of ice. And the snow disappeared from the streets and from the garden-spot which was all green underneath, and by the time the crocuses were up health and happiness reigned once more in the cottage. But it was a happiness with a difference. A happi- ness which for all it was so sweet, was tinctured with the bitter of remorse. During the illness of his beloved wife, Edgar Poe had lived over and over again through the horror of her death and burial with all of the details with which the circumstances of his life had so early made him familiar — and had tasted the desolation for him which must follow. While his soul had been overwhelmed with this supreme sorrow his mind had been unusually clear and alert. He had been alive to the slightest change in her condition. Anticipating her every whim, he had nursed her with the tenderness the untiring devotion, THE DKEAMER 279 of a mother with her babe. Through all his grief he was quiet, self-possessed, efficient. But with the first glimmer of hope, his head reeled. His reason which had stood the shock of despair, or seemed to stand it, gave way before the return of happi- ness. A wild delirium possessed him. Joy drove him mad, and already drunk with joy — mad with it — he flung prudence, philosophy, resolutions to the wind and drank wine — and drank — and drank. When — where — how much — he did not know; but at last merciful illness overtook him and stopped him in his wild career. With his convalescence his right mind returned to him; but he felt as he did when he awoke to conscious- ness in Mother Clemm^s bed-chamber in Batlimore — that he had been down into the grave and back again. Only — then there was no remorse — no fiercely accusing conscience to make him wish from his soul that he might have remained in the abyss. In dressing-gown and slippers he sat — weak and tremulous — in an arm-chair drawn close to the open fire in the cottage sitting-room. About him hovered his two angels, anticipating his every need, pausing at his side now and again to bestow a delicate caress. Vir- ginia was more beautiful since her illness. Her face and figure had lost their plumpness and with it their childish curves — but a something exalted and ethereal had taken their place. Her eyes were softer, more wist- ful than ever. Through her fair, transparent skin glowed the faintest, most exquisite bloom. Her harp was mute. Her singing voice was gone. But the deep, low tones of her speaking voice, full of restrained feel- ing, could only be compared by her husband to the 280 THE DREAMER melodious voice of the dream-woman, "Ligeia." They recalled to him the impression that the voice of the priest as he read the funeral rite over his dead mother had made upon his infant mind — the impression of spoken music. His Virginia could no longer sing, but every word that fell from her lips was music. As she and her tall, nun-like mother quietly stepped about the rooms ministering to his comfort, lifting the work of preparing the simple meals, mending the fire, and keeping the rooms bright into a sacred rite by the grace, the care, the dignity with which it was performed, no word, no look escaped either save of tenderness, pa- tience, and boundless love. All the reproaches came from within his own breast — from that inner self that boldly tearing the veil from his deeds filled him with loathing of himself. The years, his troubles, and his illness, had wrought a great change in him — outwardly. The dark ringlets that framed his face were still untouched with rime, and the dark grey eyes were as vivid, as ever-varying in expression as before, but the large brow wore a fur- row and over it and the clear-cut features and the emaciated cheeks was a settled pallor. The face was still very beautiful, but in repose it was melancholy and about the mouth there was a touch of bitterness. The illumining smile still flashed out at times, and filled all his countenance with sweetness and light — but it was rarer than formerly. He had many reasons for being happy — for being thankful. The genius with which he was conscious he was endowed in larger measure than others of his gen- eration was being recognized. He had fame — growing fame — and money enough for his needs. He had what TEE DREAMER 281 was as necessary to his soul as meat was to his body — the love of a woman who understood him in all his moods and who was beautiful enough in mind and in body and pure enough in spirit for him to worship as well as to love — to satisfy his soul as well as his senses. And this woman, at the very moment when he thought himself about to lose her forever, had been given back to him — given back clothed upon with a finer a more exquisite beauty than she had possessed before. He had indeed found the end of the rainbow, but what did it amount to? He was dissatisfied — not with what life was giving him, but with what he was doing with his life. At the moment when his cup was fairly overflowing with happiness and he should have been strongest, he had suffered himself to be led away by the Imp of the Perverse, and had spoiled all. N'othing he had ever been made to taste he told himself, was so unbearably bitter as this dissatisfaction — this disgust with self. Yet when again the tiny crimson stream stained the sweet lips of his Virginia, and again the Angel of Death spread a dread wing for a season over the Valley of the Many-Colored Grass, all his knowledge of the bitterness — the loathing — of remorse was not sufficient to make him strong for the struggle with grief and despair. Again the reason of Edgar Poe gave way before the strain, and again he fell. 282 TEE DREAMER CHAPTER XXVII. A day when the porch was rose-embowered once more and the garden-spot a riot of color and the birds singing in the trees round about, found Mr. Graham seated at Edgar Poe's desk in the office of Graham's Magazine. The door behind him opened, and he raised his head from his writing and quickly glanced over his shoulder. The look of inquiry in his blue eyes instantly kindled into one of welcome. ^''Come in! Come in! Dr. Griswold," he ex- claimed. " I am more than glad to see you ! We are overwhelmed with work just now and perhaps we'll induce you to lend a hand." The visitor came forward with outstretched hand, stooping and bowing his huge bulk as he came in a manner that to a less artless mind than Mr. Graham's might have suggested a touch of the obsequious. His furtive but watchful eye had already marked the fact that it was at Mr. Poe's desk — not his own — that Mr. Graham sat — which was as he had anticipated. " Mr. Poe laid up again ? " he queried. ^^Yes; he seems to be having quite an obstinate attack this time.'' The visitor sadly shook his head. " Ah ? — poor fel- low, poor fellow ! " " Do you think his condition serious ? " asked Mr. Graham, with anxiety. Dr. Griswold cast a glance of the furtive eye over his shoulder and around the room; then stooped nearer Mr. Graham. TEU DREAMER 283 ^^ Didn't you know ? " he questioned, in a lowered tone. " Only that the failure of his wife's health has been a sad blow to him and that after each of her attacks he has had a break-down. Is there anything more ? " Dr. Griswold stooped nearer still and brought his voice to a yet lower key. ^^ Whiskey " — he whispered. Mr. Graham drew back and the candid brows went up. ^^Ah — ah" he exclaimed. Then fell silent and serious. "Did you never suspect it?" asked his companion. "Never. I used to hear rumors when he was with Billy Burton, but I never saw any indications that they were true, and didn't believe them. How could I? Think of the work the man turns out — its quantity, its quality! He is at once the most brilliant and the most industrious man it has been my good fortune to meet — and withal the most perfect gentleman — ex- quisite in his manners and habits, and the soul of honor. Did you ever know a man addicted to drink to be so immaculately neat as he always is? Or so refined in manners and speech? Or so exact in his dealings? There is no one to whom I would more readily advance money, or with greater assurance that it will be faith- fully repaid in his best, most painstaking work — to the last penny ! " Dr. Griswold's face took on a look of deep concern. " The more's the pity — the more's the pity ! " said he. " A good man gone wrong ! " Then with a hesi- tating, somewhat diffident air. "You say that you need help which I might, per- haps, give?" 284 . TEE DBEAMEB Mr. Graham was the energetic business man once more. Dr. Griswold's visit was most opportune, he said, for while he had on hand a good deal of " copy " for the next number of the magazine — furnished by Mr. Poe before his illness — there were one or two important reviews that must be written and Dr. Griswold would be the very man to write them, if he would. As Eufus Griswold seated himself at Edgar Poe's desk a look that was almost diabolic came into his face. The temporary substitution was but a step, he told him- self, to permanent succession. As editor of the maga- zine which under Poe's management had come to domi- nate thought in America, he could speak to an audience such as he had not had before. He could make or mar literary reputations and he could bring the public to recognize him as a poet ! It so chanced that upon that very day the editor of Oraham's Magazine found himself sufficiently recovered from his illness to go out for the first time. As he fared forth, gaunt and tremulous, the midsummer beauty of out-of-doors effected him curiously. It seemed strange to him that the rose on the porch should be so gay, that the sunshine should lie so golden upon the houses and in the streets of Spring Garden — that birds should be singing and the whole world going happily on when his heart held such black despair. As he went on, however, the fresh sweet air gave him a sense of physical well-being that buoyed his spirits in spite of the bitterness of his thoughts. He was going to work again, and he was glad of it — but he made no resolutions for the future. In the past when he had fallen and had braced himself up again, he had sworn to himself that he would be strong there- TEE DREAMER 285 after — that he would never, never yield to the tempta- tion to touch wine again. But he had not been strong. And now he looked the deplorable truth straight in the face. He hoped with all his soul that he would not fall again. He would give everything he possessed to en- sure himself from yielding to the temptation to taste the wild exhilaration — the freedom — the f orgetf ulness — to say to the cup " !N"ev€rmore " — to ensure himself from having to pay the price of his yielding in the agony of remorse that was a descent into hell. But he would deceive himself with no lying pledges. He hoped — ^he longed to be strong; but he could not swear that h.e would be — he did not know whether he would be or not. The temptation was not upon him now — he loathed the very thought of it now; but the temptation would most certainly return sooner or later. He hoped from the bottom of his soul that he would resist it, but he feared — nay, in his secret heart he be- lieved — that he would yield. And because he believed it he loathed himself. As he drew near the oflSce he thought of Mr. Graham, — how kind he was — how trustful. He wondered if Mr. Graham knew the cause of his illnesses and if not how long it would before he would know it; and if the attacks were repeated how long he would be able to hold the place that had shown him the end of the rain- bow? How bitter it would be to some day find, added to all the other disastrous results of his weakness of will — to find another in the editorial chair of Gra- ham's. Just at this point in his soliliquy he reached his destination. He mounted the steps leading to the office of Graham's Magazine and opened the door — quietly. 286 THE DREAMER For a moment the two men in the office — each deep in his own work — were unaware of his presence, and he stood staring upon their backs as they sat at their desks. Mr. Graham was in his accustomed seat and in his — The Dreamers — the giant frame of the man whose big brain he admired — though he was "no poet," — the frame of Ruf us Griswold ! Horror clutched his heart. Mr. Graham evidently knew, and knowing had supplied his place without deeming him worth the trouble of notifying, even. Had supplied it, moreover, with the one man who he himself believed would fill it with credit. The readers would be satisfied. He would not be missed. He turned and stumbled blindly down the stairs. Mr. Graham heard him, and hurrying to the door, recog- nized and followed him — trying to explain and to per- suade him to return. But he was too much excited to listen. His reason prompted him to listen, but the Imp of the Perverse laughed reason to scorn. Seeing dis- aster ahead he rushed headlong to embrace it. He understood — he understood, he reiterated. There was nothing to explain. Mr. Graham had secured Dr. Griswold's services. Mr. Graham had done well. No, not for any inducement would he consider returning. He was gone! He was in the street — a wanderer! A beggar, he told himself ! He wandered aimlessly about for an hour, then foot- sore — exhausted in mind and body — he turned his face wearily in the direction of Spring Garden, with its rose-embowered cottage sheltering exquisite beauty — unalterable love — unfailing forgiveness — heartsease. He must go home and tell " Muddie " and " Sissy " that TEE DREAMER 287 he was a ruined man ! Oh, if they would only give him his desert for once ! If they would only punish him as he felt he should be punished. But they would not! They could not^ — for they were angels. They were more — they were loving women filled with that to which his mind and his soul bowed down and wor- shipped as reverently as they worshipped God in Heaven — woman's love, with its tenderness, its purity, and its unwavering steadfastness. They would suffer — that horrible fear, the fear of the Wolf at the door which they had not known in their beloved Spring Garden and since he had been with Graham's would again rob them of peace. They would bear it with meek endurance, but they would not be able to hide it from him. He would see it in the wistful eyes of Virginia and in the pa- tient eyes of " Muddie." But they would utter no re- proach. They would soothe him with winning endear- ments and bid him be of good cheer and would make a gallant fight to show him that they were perfectly happy. During the year and a half of Edgar Poe's connec- tion with Graham's Magazine he had raised the num- ber of subscribers from five thousand to thirty-seven thousand. His salary, like that he had received from The Messenger, had been a mere pittance for such ser- vice as he gave, but also, like what he received from The Messenger it had been a regular income — a depend- ence. With the addition of the little checks paid him for brilliant work in other periodicals, it had amply served, as has been said, to keep the Wolf from the door. In order to make as much without a regular salary it 288 TEE DREAMER would be necessary for him to sell a great many articles and that they should be promptly paid for. And so he wrote, and wrote, and wrote, while " Muddie " took the little rolls of manuscript around and around seeking a market for them. Her stately figure and saintlike face became familiar at the doors of all the editors and pub- lishers in Philadelphia. It was a weary business but her strength and courage seemed never to flag. Sometimes she succeeded in sell- ing a story or a poem promptly and receiving prompt pay. Then there was joy in the rose-embowered cot- tage. Sometimes after placing an article payment was put off time and time again until hope deferred made sick the hearts of all three dwellers in the cottage. Oftentimes they were miserably poor — sometimes they were upon the verge of despair — yet through all there was an undercurrent of happiness that nothing could destroy — they had each other and even at the worst they still dreamed the dream of the Valley of the Many-Colored Grass, even though the heartsease blossom drooped and drooped. Virginia's attacks continued to come at intervals, and each time the shadow hung more persistently and with deeper gloom over the cottage. It would be lifted at length, but not until the husband and mother had suf- fered again all the agonies of parting — not until what they believed to be the last goodbyes had been said and the imagination, running ahead of the actual, had gone through each separate detail of death and burial. The Dreamer's thoughts dwelt constantly upon these scenes and details until finally the " dirges of his hope one melancholy burden bore — of Never^ — Nevermore.^' Under the influence of the state of mind that was TEE DREAMER 289 thus induced, a new poem began to take shape in his brain — a poem of the death of a young and beautiful woman and the despair and grief of the lover left to mourn her in loneliness. As it wrote itself in his mind the word that had thrilled and charmed and frightened him at the bedside of his mother and to whose time his feet had so often marched, as to a measure — ^the mourn- ful, mellifluous word, N'evermore — became its refrain. The composition of his new poem became an obsession with him. His brain busied itself with its perfection automatically. Not only as he sat at his desk, pen in hand; frequently it happened that at these times the divine fire refused to kindle— though he blew and blew. But at other times, without effort on his part, the spark was struck, the flames flashed forth and ran through his thoughts like wild-fire. Wlien he was help- ing Virginia to water the flowers in the garden; when he walked the streets with dreaming eyes raised sky- ward, studying the clouds; when he sat with Virginia and the Mother under the evening lamp or with feet on the fender gazed into the heart of the red embers, or when he lay in his bed in the quiet and dark — wherever he was, whatever he did, the phrases and the rhythm of the new poem were filtering through his sub-conscious- ness, being polished and made perfect. Indeed the poem in the making cast a spell upon him and he passed his days and his nights as though in a trance. Virginia and Mother Clemm knew that he was in the throes of creation, and they respected his brown-study mood — stepping softly and talking little; but often by a silent pressure of his hand or a light kiss upon his brow, saying that they understood. They were happy, for they knew the state of mind that en- 290 THE DREAMER veloped him to be one of profound happiness to him — though the brooding look that was often in his grey eyes told them that the visions he was seeing had to do with sorrow. They waited patiently, feeling certain that in due course would be laid before them a work in prose or verse, presenting in jewel-like word and phrase^ scenes in some strange, fascinating country which it would charm them to explore. At last it was done ! He told them while they sat at the evening meal. "I have something to read to you two critics after supper," he said. "A poem upon which I have been working. I don't know whether it is of any account or not.'' The two gentle critics were all interest. Virginia was breathless with enthusiasm and could hardly wait to finish her supper. "I knew you were doing something great," she ex- claimed. " I Jcnow it is great ! Nothing you have ever done has wrapped you up so completely. You've been in a beautiful trance for weeks and Muddie and I have been almost afraid to breathe for fear of waking you up too soon." As soon as supper was over he brought out one of the familiar narrow rolls of manuscript and smilingly drew it out for them to see its length — giving Virginia one end to hold while he held the other. She read aloud, in pondering tone, the two words that appeared at the top : ^^ The Eaven." — Then, as she let go the end she held, the manuscript coiled up as if it had been a spring, and the poet rolled it closely in his hands and with his eyes upon the fire, began, not to read, but slowly to recite. His voice THE DREAMER 291 filled the roam with deep, sonorous melody, saving which there was no sound. When the last words, " And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor. Shall be lifted — nevermore!" had been said, there was a moment of tense silence. Then Virginia cast herself into his arms in a passion of tears. ^^Oh, Eddie," she sobbed, "it is beautiful — beau- tiful ! But so sad ! I feel as I were the ^ost Lenore' and you the poor lover ; but when I leave you you must not break your heart like that. You and Muddie will have each other and soon you will come after me and we will all be happy together again — in Heaven ! " No word passed the lips of the mother. Her silvered head was bowed in grief and prayer. She too saw in "Lenore" her darling child, and she felt in anticipa- tion the loneliness and sorrow of her own heart. She spoke no word, but from her saintly eyes two large bright tears rolled down her patient cheeks upon the folded hands in her lap. And thus " The Eaven " was heard for the first time. Soon afterward it was recited again. Edgar Poe carried it himself to Mr. Graham and offered it for the magazine. Mr. Graham promised to examine it and give him an answer next day. That night he read it over several times, but for the life of him he could not make up his mind about it. Its weirdness, its music, its despair, affected him greatly. But Mr. Gra- ham was a business man and he doubted whether, from 292 THE DREAMER a business point of view^ the poem was of value. Would pieople like it? Would it take? He would consult Griswold about it — Griswold was a man of safe judg- ment regarding such matters. Dr. Griswold was indeed, a man of literary judg- ment and of taste. The beauty of the poem startled him. It would bring to the genius of Edgar Poe (he said to himself) — the poetic genius — acknowledgment such as it had never had before. It was too good a poem to be published. He had bided his time and the hour of his revenge was come. He would have given his right hand to have been able to publish such a poem over his own signature — but the world must not know that Poe could write such an one ! The candid eyes of Mr. Graham as he awaited his opinion were upon his face. His own eyes wore their most furtive look — cast down and sidelong. His tone was depressed and full of pity as he said, " Poor Poe ! It is too bad that when he must be in need he cannot, or does not, write something saleable. Of course you could not set such stuff as this before the readers of Graham/ sT' For once Mr. Graham was disposed to question his opinion. " I don't know about that,'' he said. "^ The poem has a certain jpower, it seems to me. It might repel — it might fascinate. I should like to buy it just to give the poor fellow a little lift. The lovely eyes of that fragile wife of his haunt me." It was finally decided to let Mr. Poe read the poem to the office force, and take the vote upon it. They were all drawn up in a semi-circle, even the small office boy, who sat with solemn eyes and mouth TEE DBE'AMEB 293 open and who felt the importance of being called uponj to sit in judgment upon a "piece of poetry/' Edgar) Poe stood opposite them and for the second time recited his new poem — then withdrew while the vote was taken. Dr. Griswold was the first to cast his vote and at once emphatically pronounced his " No ! " The rest agreed with him that the poem was "too queer/' but as a solace for the poet's disappointment some one passed around a hat and the next day a ham- per of delicacies was sent to Mrs. Poe, with the " com- pliments of the staff at Grahams/' Albeit " The Raven " was rejected by Graham's Maga- zine and others, enough of Edgar Poe's work was bought and published to keep his name and fame before the public — just enough (poorly paid as it was) to keep the souls of himself and his wife and his " more than mother/' within their bodies. And though Mr. Graham would none of " The Raven/' he paid its author fifty-two dollars for a new story — " The Gold Bug." This sum seemed a small fortune to The Dreamer at the time, but he was to do better than that with his story. The Dollar Magazine of New York offered a prize of one hundred dollars for the best short story submitted to it. Poe had nothing by him but some critical essays, but remembering his early success in Baltimore with "The MS. Found in a Bottle," he was anxious to try. So he hastened with the critiques to Graham/s and offered them in place of the story. Mr. Graham agreed to the exchange and " The Gold Bug" was promptly dispatched to New York, where it was awarded the prize. When it was published in The Dollar Magazine it 294 THE DREAMER made a great noise in the world and a red-letter day in the life of Edgar Poe. The hundred dollars brought indeed, a season of com- fort and cheer in the midst of the hardest times the cottage in Spring Garden had known. But the last penny was finally spent. Winter came on — the winter of 1843. It was a severe winter to the cottage. The bow of promise that had spanned it seemed to have withdrawn to such a vast height above it that its outlines were indistinct — its colors well nigh faded out. The reading public still trumpeted the praise of Edgar the Dreamer — his friends still believed in him — from many quarters their letters and the letters of the great ones of the day fluttered to the cottage.
| 19,315 |
18721215_00002.txt_1
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Spanish-PD-Newspapers
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Open Culture
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Public Domain
| 1,872 |
None
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None
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Spanish
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Spoken
| 3,008 | 5,486 |
DIRECTOR, I. mm FORT \ um. LA VELADA PERIÓDICO LITERARIO. Madrid 15 de Diciembre de 1 8 7 2. ADMINISTRADOR. D. imm m MARTII AÑO I. N U M. 2.* quilo también... ¡Bravo, Artef! ¡Bravo, C<>sacol Seguid en línea recta, marchad, no respirad apeYa es tarde, niña de mi alma... Mis caballos nas, que la atmósfera es fria y así se enardece la piafan de impaciencia, tascan el freno, cocean y sangre. mueven la cabeza de uno á otro lado, esperando ¡Ya no vemos nada en torno nuestro!.. ;.No la voz de marcha que les liaga partir. corre la luna delante de nosotros?.. Sí. mis c a Mi corazón palpita acongojado, mi vista tropie- ballos, sí, h&ye de vuestro empuje y se aleja conza en tu mirada, mi aliento se detiene por tu fundida á sus montañas... ¡Hur'ra! Corramos, boca... aguardo tu presencia en mi trineo. corramos electrizados con el fanatismo de la deVen, niña, no tardes .. La hora de partida ha sesperación, y lograreuos aprisionarla al fin de la sonado, la noche se aproxima, la luna empieza á jornada. salir... Realidad de mis sueños, sube ha-staaqui. Wara, recoge tu velo que se rasga en mil hiliOh, gracias, gracias mil... Hola, Cosaco, á la lloscon el furor de la carrera... Así mi corazón carrera... Artef, cabalga sin cesar... Pero llevad salta á pedazos... ¡Adelante, hijos de la niebla, con cuidado mi trineo, que llevo conmigo mi adelante! No volváis la cabeza porque la virgen tesoro... de los ojos azules murmure una palabra... Corred, Cariño de mi alma, acércate... ¿tienes frió, me marchad embravecidos, yolvidad elmurmuUo que dices? ¿tiemblas?... Mis sienes arden sin embargo, pasó, para cumplir el mando que os llevará hasta y mi brazo de guerrero se encuentra dispuesto á el fin. conquistar al mundo poruña sola sonrisa de tus Wara: ¿te levantas? A h , te entusiasmas c o húmedos labios. ¡Eh. Artef, cuidado! Precipitas el pasoy estamos mo y o. es tan dulce esta carrera... ya no v e todavía en los muros de la ciudad...te ofuscas, no- mos la nieve, ni el camino, ni el cielo; ni un ruible amigo... ¡oh, también me ciego yo con la pre- do, ni un acento... todo es vaguedad, sueño, indecisión y olvido... ¡ y marchar á tu lado!.. ciosa joya que conduzco! ¡Wara! (1 ^Cuantas ilusiones ofrece tu nombre... Adelante, agitad más todavía vuestra"? brillantes un mundo de esperanzas, un mundo de caricias... crines, no respiréis apenas: seguid sin deteneros, Acércate, acércate á mi lado. La nieve salpica f p i o ella lo qiiiere como lo quiero y o. Wara ,;me comprendes? ¿no és*cierto?... Es el hasta los ojos, y si un copo cayera en tu rostro, panorama que hemos soñado, el ideal de nuestra sombrearía por un momento la palidez de tus mevida, sin formas, ni existencias... somos dos jillas. La luna .se eleva en el espacio, blanca, lívida, sombras de la noche cuyos pliieírues se envuelven como un fantasma de la noche. A lo lejos vagan en un rayo de la luna sin perfilar sus contornos! Mi acento es bronco, apenas puedo gritar... indecisas las luces de la ciudad: ¡cuántos amores presenciarán esas luces!... Aquí... hola, Cosaco, ¡Romped vuestras riendas, rasgad vuestro pecho, guarda tu bravura para combatir en el desierto, haceos mil pedazos én vuestro crmino. pero sey deja al ardoroso Artef que ha l a n n ^ l o tantas vo- guid, corred con la impetuosidad de una imagiiiní'ion calenturienta! ces ¡a mano de su dueño. Wara, acércate, más. más... esos ojos que fiías • ¿Qué hermosa es la marcha, no es verdad, "Wara? A uno y otro lado nieve, siempre nieve, más blan- eu mí están llenos de lágrimas... y no son las ca por la nitidez de la luna. A lo lejos, montañas. lágrimas del frió: ¿no veo una gota de sudor en De vez en cuando uu árbol medio tronchado... tu frente?... Ven, acércate; y o debo l'orar como Dímelo. dímelo: ¿llorón. ;.sí?.. ¡es que lloAquí un trineo, una mirada, un volcan, dos caba- tú... ramos de amor! llos que levantan á sú paso un remolino de copos. ¡Cosaco. Artef! ¡Ouidáflo!... El abismo, el abisEl ruido á lo lejos no existe: ni un trueno, ni un murmullo... Acá. el gemido de mi canto, las mo del torrente y estáis á la carrera... Wara. á ruedas que saltan, las pisadas de mis corceles... mí!... Las riendas me han caido y no puedo 1»¿escuchas?... y luego nada la calma, el susurro jar a c o g e r l a s. ¡Amigos, amigos, parad!.. ;.no oís?... el abismo... el abismo: se acercan, m a s del silencio. " -r.; Ya estamos lejos de Ja» ultimas viviendas... no oyen, y se aproxiliian al torrente con una ra- • Cosaco, á galo])e... Artef. oomo e l vuelo del águi- pidez vertiginosa i ¡rerdidos! ¡Y'tú Wara, sin poder salvarte! la... LA VELADA. Wara...., ¡Amor de mi existencia! .. ¿Tú me quieres? ¿Tú quieres morir conmigo?... Venir á mí, cuando concluyo.... El torrente muge... ¡Oh! ¡si Cosaco ])asara por el camino! ¡Y ese ruido que no calla!... Wara, ha.sta ahora no lie besado tu frente... Estás pálida, me miras, te acercas... y ese ruido mas sordo cada vez! Aquí, á mis brazos: estamos en la orilla... Un minuto, un instante... mi amor.... mi dueño... Una lágrima en mí rostro... un beso, un beso... hasta siempre... ¡jamás nos separaremos ya!. Wara, Wara... ¡Cosaco, Artef!... ¡Estamus salvados!... ¡Ah, mis buenos amigos, mis bravos corceles... parad, parad un momentorque quiero enlazar vuestro cuello con mis brazos! Lo ves, se detienen... Han oído la voz de su dueño y modifican la marcha más despacio, más despacio cada vez: el ruido del torrente se pierde por instantes... Se han detenido..."Espera, voy á bajar. ¡Ah! mis buenos amigos: estáis jadeando, l lia atmósfera de vapor envuelve vuestra caneza... vuestro pecho está cubierto de espuma ¡Oh, gracias, gracias mil! sois tan buenos para mí! Cosaco, buen Cosaco... Tus crines están erizadas... ¿quéte pasa, pobre animal?... Vamos, perdóname... Ya veo que me tienes el mismo cariño de siempre y tus ojos me miran con fijeza Artef, excelente Artef... ¡Tú, uncido por primera vez á mi trineo, me has salvado también!.. ¿Estás rendido de tu carrera, amigo mío?... ¡Ah, escuchas, escuchas: inclinas tu cabeza inteligente y la rozas con mí pecho, para asegurarte de que late por tu cariño ... ¿no es cierto acaso?... Adiós, mis buenos amigos; hasta luego: marchemos más tranquilos, que lleváis con vosotros un mundo de riquezas —¿Te has sentado, Wara?... Haces bien: tu pecho está conmovido y me miras á la frente llorando todavía... Abrígate, recoge el manto abandonado... hace frío... Vamos, Artef Vamos, Cosaco. Adelante, mes; pero dejad el galope, que la ciudad no está ejos. La luna brilla de nuevo en toda su plenitud: la nieve oculta el menor vestigio del camino: las montañas quedan á nuestra espalda, envueltas en un manto blanquecino... El viento sopla á intervalo-, levantando remolinos de copos; las ruedas del trineo se incrustan en la nieve y los pies de mis caballos chascan en la senda, como gotas de granizo que van cayendo en el agua de un estanque. ¡Oh, cuan bella es la luna que ilumina tus con tornos, ese aire que hace ondular los pliegues de tu velo, esos copos que se oscurecen en tus pálidas mejillas; esos rumores del viento que corre, del trineo que marcha, de mi voz que te habla... La noche tiene su encanto en todas partes, pero como en el desierto, en ninguna. ¡Wara, me asombra tu silencio!... Tus ojos no me miran, tu boca no sonríe... ¿qué te pasa?—Te hablo y bajas al suelo tu alabastrina frente... ?E8tás mala? ¿has sufrido algo estando á mi lado?... Tus mejillas de nítida blancura se colorean con el mívtíz del rubor... Tu pecho se agita. Tu boca se entreabre y exhalas con pesar ese aliento húmedo, como s'i no pudieras contener el sollozo que te se escapa!... ¡Oh, dime, dime! ¿por qué sufres, nina? ¡Me miras con esa tierna languidez de una mujer que sufre!... Me miras y bajas la cabeza á mi pesar. Las lágrimas se escapan de tus ojos... lloras, te hablo y no me quieres contestar... Cosaco!!! ¡Artef! Volad nuevamente á la ciuU c i d , despedazadme si podéis, que la pregunto su pesar y nádame contesta... ¡Corred de mi lado, arrastradme, huid, que me ahoga una cosa y quisiera rasgarme la garganta para aliviar mi clolor! ¡Marchad! y que vuestra carrera avcrgüence la carrera del viento... Si encontráis otro abismo, precipitaos en vuestra locura... Pero nó, nó, ¡templad vuestro delirio, que mi corazón no gime solo en mi trineo! La luna ha tomado un color de escarlata: parece que derrama lágrimas de sangre... y la sangre cae sobre la nieve... y las montañas están rojizas también, y Artef está teñido del mismo color, y las fauces de Cosaco destilan gota á gota la sangre de sus venas, y mis manos gotean más sang r e. y Wara... ella... ¡nó! ¡Es mentira! ¡Es que me ciega la locura! ¡es que la sangre está en mis ojos!... ¿Qué es esto? ¿por qué os paráis?... ¡Ah, es que ha llegado vuestra casa!... Pobres amigos míos: ¿no sabéis que os reventaré, pero huiré de este lado, porque ella llora en mi presencia?... ¿Wara, Wara? Estás frente á t u casa: ¿quieres bajar? Dios mío, me h a mirado: sus ojos y a no lloran, su boca me sonrie, se levanta, viene á mí... ' Cuando fiel á su destino el astro los campos dora, decia así un peregrino * una apraciada pastora: —Contesta, hechíceni niña; dime, quién tu dicha labra al jugrar en la campiña con tu blanquísima cabra? —Si de pequeña lo he hecho, contestó con alcCTÍa: ;cómo no hacerlo, si el pecho late tranquilo en el dia?.... Bajó hacia el suelo la frente LA VELADA. meditJibundo el buen viejo, y la niña dulcemente vio de una perla el reflejo. Y apoyado en el cayado que apartaba la maleza, dejó vacilante el prado sin levantar la cabeza. II. Cuando fiel ú su destino el sol la pradera baña, decia así el parcgrino al volver da la montaña: —Contesta, hechicera niña; ¿quién tu desventura labra al dejar en la campiña abandonada la cabra? —Ya tantas vecfs lo he hacho, contestó, pensando amaute en quien destruyó mi pecho con su voz y su semblante... Bajó hacia el suílo la frente entristecido el buen viejo, y vio al caer débilmente de una lágrima el reflejo. Y apoyado en el cayado sin levantar su cabeza, fué separando en el prado el césped de la maleza. III. Cuando fiel á su destino el astro la vegadora, volvió el viejo peregrino á buscar & la pastora. —¿Dónde está, dice, la niña del rostro más hechicero?... Y muéstranle en la campiña de su vivienda el sendero. Y del sol al tibio brillo Tiócual losa funeraria, encima de un montccillo, triste una cruz solitaria. Bajó hacia el suelo la frente ante el frió monumento, y sus labios torpemeuta exhalaron un lamento. Y apoyado en el cayado qae apartaba la maleza, fué alejándose d;;l prado sin levantar la cabeza. CARMEN (Conlittvation.) Figurao.s por un momento á una de esas hermosuras magnificas, exuberantes que nacen en esa tierra de amor llamada .\ndalucia unido á esa languidez y tíM-nura que distingue á las hijas de los paises del Norte. Sus ojos traviesos, maliciosos, melancólicos á veces, parecían jugar con el corazón de sus oyentes: su boca húmeda, de labios delgados, movibles siempre, olrecian una caricia arrebatadora que no se concebía sin perder al instante la cabeza; pero en la delicadeza de sus maneras, e n la ])alidez de sus facciones, en la fragancia de su presencia, habia una cosa indefi- nible, vagorosa, que hacia enmudecer al atrevido: atraía é infundía respeto al mismo tiempo. Al hablarla me sentí trastornado, yo, indiferente para tantas mujeres como habia visto en mi paso por la vida: ella me miraba tan bien y hubiera jurado que se dolía de mí, cuando sus ojos me buscaban en aquella juventud que bullía enrededor. Eduardo me arrastró consigo al salón de fumar. No puedo olvidar la conversación que tuvimos entre los dos: él me hablaba de una joven que me habia señalado al entrar, y á quien pensaba declararse muy en breve; yo le preguntaba por la hermosa extranjera que tanto me había conmovido desde el primer momento. Sin embargo, me acuerdo que él sonreía alguna vez á mis preguntas y yo le miraba, ó volvía á observar en mi distracción los cajirichosos dibujos de la lujosa alfombra. La señal de baile nos hizo levantar á todos. En aquel momento hubiera dado mi vida entera por encontrarme lejos de aíjuel lugar. Tenia celos de que alguno pudiera sacarla á bailar, y la busqué entre las primeras parejas: estaba rodeada de un circulo de jóvenes, pero sus ojos se tíiaban en los míos, y enloqueciera de nuevo, si hubiera podido olvidar p<jr un momento la primera impresión que en mí ánimo habia producido. Noté que el círcu o de j ¡venes disminuía cada vez más: algunos se acercaban, le invitaban sin duda á danzar; )ero los despedía con una sonrisa y una leve inclinación de cabeza, murmurando en voz baja unas palabras misteriosas que no p u de comprender; los jóvenes parecían c e d e r á su leve indicación, y se dirigían á buscar nuevas parejas... Sonaron los primeros violines, hubo un momento de ansiedad, la armonía dulce al principio fué animándose poco á poco como una niña que empiezaá querer, y un momento después el ruido se habia extinguido en un susurro, la luz e s taba opaca, velada por la atmósfera de mil pechos anhelantes que latían acongojados de pasión. Carmen se habia sentado en la sombra de una de las ventanas que creo haberos citado. Esperé á que todos tomaran parte en la danza, () se retirasen á sus acostumbradas tertulias, y cuando vi que nadie me observaba miré á la niña, y me acerqué lentamente con la turbación del enamorado que se decide á declararse por primera vez. —¿Me permite V., señorita? le dije señalándole el sillón que al lado tenia. — E s V. libre, respondió; pero si de mí dependiera el permiso, se lo concedería á V. con el mayor gusto. —Mil gracias, señorita, contesté á mi vez y quedé turbado, turbado sin atreverme á dirigirle la palabra. —¿No baila V., caballero? me dijo con aquella sonrisa que valia un mundo. —Muy poco, señorita. Algunas veces un compromiso, una niña que no encuentra pareja, me decide á bailar; pero solo en estos casos doy unas vueltas por el salón. —¡Y sin embargo, el baile es tan dulce!.. —¿Le gusta á V.?... Sí yo me atreviera... —¡Vamos! Yo quisiera de V. una pequeña fran- LA VELADA. queza: al fin y al cabo somos antiguos amigos, ; tenia entendido que conocía un poquito sus másecretos pensamientos... No me vaya V. á decir que me he engañado, porque seria una triste decepción. —¡Oh! ¡Cuan feliz me hace V., dije tomando aquel tono ligero que pai-ecia adoptar, pero cuan desgraciado al tener cjue desengañarla! ¿Qué svín las composiciones mías, más felices por cierto que su autor, pues le vieron á V. primero? Quejidos de un alma que sufría, que iba perdiendo su ilusiones una á una. ¿Y es este el estado de mi corazón?—No. porque el corazón no estaba muerto, le faltaba una flor, la flor de mi esperanza, y cuando la encontrara en mi camino, mis ilusiones todas volverían con ella. (Se rontinvará.) Y tanto en ella pensé, que se entibió mi emoción por el sufrir que soñé,... y en mi amor á una visión de nuevo, niña, te amé. GHARADITA. Vete, todo, vete; A sus manos lleva Mis dulces su.^piros. Mis tristes ternezas: Camina y no pares, Cruza la dos tercia, Y cuando te mires Por fin en su aldea, prima y segunda Detente y espera. Después, si re.'^ponde La niña á mis quejas, Vuelve al lado mió, Huyendo á las flechas Del tercia y segunda. Cazador que acecha. Vete, todo, vete, Y en sus manos deja Mis trisf • 'ros. Mis ticr-has. GEROGLIFIGO- NOMBRES D E MIJ: IIL! 'En Dices que y o no te amé desde el dia en que nací, como á tus plantas juré; pues oye mi voz, y ve que siempre gocé por ti. Itecuerdo muy vagamente fué, cual pasión infinita de todo pecho que siente, la buena madre bendita que me besaba en la frente. Tan tierna la concebí, que no comprende el dolor pudiera morir sin mí... y en aquel primor amor empecé á quererte á ti. Después al verla llorosa pedir por su pobre hijo ante una cruz fervorosa, pedia y o al Crucifijo por mi madre dolorosa. Y. tan dulce le rogué que mirase por los dos. ([ue su respuesta esperé y cu aquel amorá Dios por ^''^íwli'ln ví'7 F . ' n r i ' ' , s 999.909— \ 55.555-55 11.111-11 1 3 rrr Mu.-^ t-.i-ii'j, .li .<,Mitir su duelo fué tan ncprbo mi llanto, que .solo encontró consuelo con ver en s j camposanto la» nubéculas del cielo. T tanto y tanto viví en la azulada región, que el dulce alivio sentí y quien calmo mi »fliccio;i fuéiédlo tníamor a tí. legf) sentí de mi historia lor primeros dcseu;,"aBo8; sólo guarde en mi inemorii para otros futuros años diasfelices (!'• ' SOLUCIONES. Nombres de mujeres; 1. Concepción.—Ojnchi. II. Alma. Charada; Enamorada. Geroglífico.— tacin es el vacío, lo inflnilo tiene igual, mas el aTio en que vivimos no p'jdemos igualar. LA VELADA, PERIÓDICA) LITEBAHIO. .-5^ publica los dia» 5, 15 y 25 de cada mes. Svscricion. Tres meses en Madrid a. Trimestre en 3, principal, donde Administi-nc^oTí; \ puede di "ii lugar en la AdKl e n . , : .1, ; i i i i l . Lo advertimos mili á nuque na lo confundan con el buzonda La Coopera iKPBtTTA Bl L A.
| 12,516 |
https://github.com/SudoPlayGames/sudomod/blob/master/src/main/java/com/sudoplay/sudoxt/meta/adapter/element/OptionalDependsOnAdapter.java
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Github Open Source
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Open Source
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Apache-2.0
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sudomod
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SudoPlayGames
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Java
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Code
| 463 | 1,545 |
package com.sudoplay.sudoxt.meta.adapter.element;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.meta.Dependency;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.meta.LoadOrder;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.meta.Meta;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.meta.MetaAdaptException;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.meta.adapter.IMetaAdapter;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.util.StringUtil;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.versioning.InvalidVersionSpecificationException;
import com.sudoplay.sudoxt.versioning.VersionRange;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
import com.sudoplay.json.JSONArray;
import com.sudoplay.json.JSONException;
import com.sudoplay.json.JSONObject;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Reads optional depends-on from meta file.
* <p>
* Created by codetaylor on 2/18/2017.
*/
public class OptionalDependsOnAdapter implements
IMetaAdapter {
private static final String VERSION_RANGE_ANY = "[0,)";
private static final String VERSION_STRING_TEMPLATE = "<instruction>:<id>[@<version>]";
/**
* Simple data object used in this class only.
*/
private class DependencyString {
String loadOrder;
String id;
String versionRange;
}
@Override
public void adapt(JSONObject jsonObject, Meta meta) throws MetaAdaptException, JSONException {
this.readDependencyList("depends-on", jsonObject, meta);
}
private Meta readDependencyList(
String key,
JSONObject jsonObject,
Meta meta
) throws MetaAdaptException, JSONException {
JSONArray jsonArray;
Set<String> dependencyIdSet;
List<DependencyString> dependencyStringList;
if (!jsonObject.has(key)) {
// return an empty dependency container
return meta;
}
jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray(key);
dependencyIdSet = new HashSet<>();
dependencyStringList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
Object value;
value = jsonArray.getString(i);
if (value == null || ((String) value).isEmpty()) {
throw new MetaAdaptException(String.format(
"Array [%s] must contain non-empty strings only, got: '%s'", key, value
));
}
DependencyString dependencyString = parseDependencyString((String) value);
if (dependencyIdSet.contains(dependencyString.id)) {
throw new MetaAdaptException("Duplicate dependency id: " + dependencyString.id);
}
dependencyIdSet.add(dependencyString.id);
dependencyStringList.add(dependencyString);
}
for (DependencyString dependencyString : dependencyStringList) {
Dependency dependency;
dependency = new Dependency(
dependencyString.id,
this.readLoadOrder(dependencyString.loadOrder),
this.readVersionRange(dependencyString.versionRange)
);
meta.addDependency(dependency);
}
return meta;
}
@NotNull
private DependencyString parseDependencyString(@NotNull String string) throws MetaAdaptException {
if (StringUtil.countOccurrences(string, '@') > 1) {
throw new MetaAdaptException(String.format(
"Invalid version string: %s, must be " + VERSION_STRING_TEMPLATE, string)
);
}
if (StringUtil.countOccurrences(string, ':') != 1) {
throw new MetaAdaptException(String.format(
"Invalid version string: %s, must be " + VERSION_STRING_TEMPLATE, string)
);
}
DependencyString data = new DependencyString();
String[] dependencyAndVersion = string.split("@");
if (dependencyAndVersion.length == 1) {
// the dependency string doesn't contain a version
String[] loadOrderAndId = this.splitIdString(dependencyAndVersion[0]);
data.loadOrder = loadOrderAndId[0];
data.id = loadOrderAndId[1];
data.versionRange = VERSION_RANGE_ANY;
} else { // two parts: order/id and version
String[] loadOrderAndId = this.splitIdString(dependencyAndVersion[0]);
data.loadOrder = loadOrderAndId[0];
data.id = loadOrderAndId[1];
data.versionRange = dependencyAndVersion[1];
}
return data;
}
/**
* Splits a string of the form '<instruction>:<id>' and returns a string array containing each side.
*
* @param idString
* @return
* @throws MetaAdaptException
*/
@NotNull
private String[] splitIdString(@NotNull String idString) throws MetaAdaptException {
String[] idSplit = idString.split(":");
// must have two parts: the load order and id
if (idSplit.length != 2) {
throw new MetaAdaptException(String.format("Must be <instruction>:<id>, was %s", idString));
}
return idSplit;
}
@NotNull
private LoadOrder readLoadOrder(@NotNull String key) throws MetaAdaptException {
try {
return LoadOrder.from(key);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new MetaAdaptException(e);
}
}
@NotNull
private VersionRange readVersionRange(@NotNull String versionRangeString) throws MetaAdaptException {
try {
return VersionRange.createFromVersionSpec(versionRangeString);
} catch (InvalidVersionSpecificationException e) {
throw new MetaAdaptException("Invalid version range: " + versionRangeString, e);
}
}
}
| 3,492 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16698457
|
Wikidata
|
Semantic data
|
CC0
| null |
Славин, Александр Маркович
|
None
|
Multilingual
|
Semantic data
| 444 | 1,253 |
Славин, Александр Маркович
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды орден Ленина
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды Герой Социалистического Труда
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды орден Отечественной войны I степени
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды орден Отечественной войны II степени
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды орден Трудового Красного Знамени
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды медаль «За победу над Германией в Великой Отечественной войне 1941—1945 гг.»
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды медаль «За боевые заслуги»
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды медаль «Ветеран труда»
Славин, Александр Маркович полученные награды медаль «За оборону Москвы»
Славин, Александр Маркович это частный случай понятия человек
Славин, Александр Маркович место рождения Бобруйск
Славин, Александр Маркович гражданство СССР
Славин, Александр Маркович дата рождения 1897
Славин, Александр Маркович дата смерти 1993
Славин, Александр Маркович член политической партии Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза
Славин, Александр Маркович ID на портале «Герои страны» 16905, назван как Славин Александр Маркович
Славин, Александр Маркович война/сражение Советско-финляндская война (1939—1940)
Славин, Александр Маркович война/сражение Великая Отечественная война
Славин, Александр Маркович воинское или правоохранительное звание подполковник
Славин, Александр Маркович личное имя Александр
Славин, Александр Маркович принадлежность СССР
Славин, Александр Маркович род занятий ветеринар
Славин, Александр Маркович пол или гендер мужской пол
Славин, Александр Маркович код в Google Knowledge Graph /g/1yw9ktnj4
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Leninorde
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Held van de Socialistische Arbeid
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Orde van de Patriottische Oorlog 1e klasse
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Orde van de Patriottische Oorlog tweede graad
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Orde van de Rode Vlag van de Arbeid
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Medaille "Voor de Overwinning op Duitsland in de Grote Patriottische Oorlog 1941-1945"
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Medaille voor de Gewapende Strijd
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Medal "Veteran of Labour"
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin onderscheiding Medaille voor de Verdediging van Moskou
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin is een mens
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin geboorteplaats Babroejsk
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin land van nationaliteit Sovjet-Unie
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin geboortedatum 1897
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin overlijdensdatum 1993
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin lid van politieke partij Communistische Partij van de Sovjet-Unie
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin warheroes.ru-identificatiecode 16905, genoemd als Славин Александр Маркович
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin militair conflict Winteroorlog
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin militair conflict Oostfront
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin militaire rang podpolkovnik
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin trouw aan Sovjet-Unie
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin beroep dierenarts
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin sekse of geslacht mannelijk
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin Google Knowledge Graph-identificatiecode /g/1yw9ktnj4
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin instancë e njeri
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin shtetësia Bashkimi Sovjetik
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin data e lindjes 1897
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin data e vdekjes 1993
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin konflikt Lufta e Dimrit
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin konflikt Fronti Lindor (Lufta e Dytë Botërore)
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin profesioni Mjeku Veterinar
Aleksandr Markovitsj Slavin gjinia mashkull
| 43,621 |
https://github.com/sebfz1/wicket-jquery-ui/blob/master/wicket-jquery-ui-samples/src/main/java/com/googlecode/wicket/jquery/ui/samples/jqueryui/droppable/AbstractDroppablePage.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,023 |
wicket-jquery-ui
|
sebfz1
|
Java
|
Code
| 45 | 202 |
package com.googlecode.wicket.jquery.ui.samples.jqueryui.droppable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import com.googlecode.wicket.jquery.ui.samples.JQuerySamplePage;
abstract class AbstractDroppablePage extends JQuerySamplePage
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected List<DemoLink> getDemoLinks()
{
return Arrays.asList( // lf
new DemoLink(DefaultDroppablePage.class, "Droppable"), // lf
new DemoLink(ShoppingDroppablePage.class, "<b>Demo:</b> Shopping Card") // lf
);
}
}
| 21,271 |
https://github.com/bhwstevens/test/blob/master/x-pack/plugin/monitoring/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/monitoring/collector/node/NodeStatsCollector.java
|
Github Open Source
|
Open Source
|
Apache-2.0
| 2,021 |
test
|
bhwstevens
|
Java
|
Code
| 264 | 982 |
/*
* Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
* or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License;
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License.
*/
package org.elasticsearch.xpack.monitoring.collector.node;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.stats.NodeStats;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.stats.NodesStatsRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.node.stats.NodesStatsResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.stats.CommonStatsFlags;
import org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.BootstrapInfo;
import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.ClusterState;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Setting;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.license.XPackLicenseState;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.monitoring.exporter.MonitoringDoc;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.monitoring.collector.Collector;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Objects;
/**
* Collector for nodes statistics.
* <p>
* This collector runs on every non-client node and collect
* a {@link NodeStatsMonitoringDoc} document for each node of the cluster.
*/
public class NodeStatsCollector extends Collector {
/**
* Timeout value when collecting the nodes statistics (default to 10s)
*/
public static final Setting<TimeValue> NODE_STATS_TIMEOUT = collectionTimeoutSetting("node.stats.timeout");
private static final CommonStatsFlags FLAGS =
new CommonStatsFlags(CommonStatsFlags.Flag.Docs,
CommonStatsFlags.Flag.FieldData,
CommonStatsFlags.Flag.Store,
CommonStatsFlags.Flag.Indexing,
CommonStatsFlags.Flag.QueryCache,
CommonStatsFlags.Flag.RequestCache,
CommonStatsFlags.Flag.Search,
CommonStatsFlags.Flag.Segments);
private final Client client;
public NodeStatsCollector(final Settings settings,
final ClusterService clusterService,
final XPackLicenseState licenseState,
final Client client) {
super(settings, NodeStatsMonitoringDoc.TYPE, clusterService, NODE_STATS_TIMEOUT, licenseState);
this.client = Objects.requireNonNull(client);
}
// For testing purpose
@Override
protected boolean shouldCollect(final boolean isElectedMaster) {
return super.shouldCollect(isElectedMaster);
}
@Override
protected Collection<MonitoringDoc> doCollect(final MonitoringDoc.Node node,
final long interval,
final ClusterState clusterState) throws Exception {
NodesStatsRequest request = new NodesStatsRequest("_local");
request.indices(FLAGS);
request.os(true);
request.jvm(true);
request.process(true);
request.threadPool(true);
request.fs(true);
final NodesStatsResponse response = client.admin().cluster().nodesStats(request).actionGet(getCollectionTimeout());
// if there's a failure, then we failed to work with the
// _local node (guaranteed a single exception)
if (response.hasFailures()) {
throw response.failures().get(0);
}
final String clusterUuid = clusterUuid(clusterState);
final NodeStats nodeStats = response.getNodes().get(0);
return Collections.singletonList(new NodeStatsMonitoringDoc(clusterUuid, nodeStats.getTimestamp(), interval, node,
node.getUUID(), clusterState.getNodes().isLocalNodeElectedMaster(), nodeStats, BootstrapInfo.isMemoryLocked()));
}
}
| 19,949 |
b28710514_1
|
English-PD
|
Open Culture
|
Public Domain
| 1,889 |
The sacrifice of education
|
Fayrer, Joseph, Sir, 1824-1907. n 85808960
|
English
|
Spoken
| 1,393 | 1,657 |
300 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Feb. T“ nr. By Sir JOSEPH FAYREE. I will endeavour to reply as briefly as I can to yonr request that I should state the opinion I have formed in respect of the system of competitive examination which now exists in this country, whether as regards its relation to and effects on education generally, or in the selection of candidates for various offices and appointments in the public services. As regards the education of children and young persons, in elementary schools of all grades, in more advanced schools, colleges and Universities, I can claim no right, beyond such as appertains to all who are interested in education in its true sense, to offer any opinion, though I may at once say that having carefully considered the subject, I have long been impressed with the belief that exami- nations are too frequent and too severe, that they have a tendency to divert attention from the true aim of education by developing an artificial memory, rather than by gradually strengthening the 1889 301 THE SACRIFICE OF EDUCATION. rational faculties and moulding the intellectual powers into the form which will render them most fitted for the duties and emer- gencies of life ; that moreover they tend to interfere with sound teaching, by imposing on the teacher the necessity of following some method other than that he might have deemed most appropriate, because he is aware that he could not thus ensure the best chance, not of advancing the intellectual growth of his pupil, but of success- fully passing him through a certain examination. Further, I believe that the continual mental strain to which children and young persons are exposed has an injurious effect on health ; for it is impossible to overwork the nervous system whilst the frame is still growing, without prejudice to one or the other, if not both, and there is good reason for believing that mental over- strain and cerebral irritation are not unfrequent results of the system of pressure which now obtains in some schools : my own experience, indeed, furnishes me with evidence that it is so. That the education and training of childhood and youth in these days is in advance of, and an improvement on, that of the past, in many and perhaps most, respects, cannot be doubted ; but that it is defective in the direction above referred to I believe is equally certain ; and I am glad to think that the time may be at hand when some healthful modification of it will take place. As regards the education and examination of young men, experi- ence of more than a quarter of a century, during the greater part of which time I have been teacher or examiner, and for the last eight years have taken part in the competitive examinations for the Navy, Army, and Indian Medical Services, has given me an opportunity of forming an opinion on the question as it relates to these depart- ments of the public service, and has also enabled me to arrive at the conclusion that, though examination carefully conducted is indispen- sable, the inordinate practice and imposition of it is deleterious, demanding, as it does, incessant mental labour, and so preoccupying the attention and burdening the memory as to leave little time for real thought, digestion, or assimilation of the subject-matter on which real culture and knowledge of the work to be accomplished depend, whilst practical work is, as a matter of course, narrowed to the most contracted limits, and the vast jumble of information, which has been arranged in a certain form, sufficient to satisfy the examiner, is thank- fully laid aside or forgotten as soon as the ordeal is past. I think too much is expected. It is impossible that in four, five, or even six years the enormous amount of knowledge required by the medical graduate of the present day can be assimilated, or that he can really work up to that which it is supposed to represent. I venture to think that longer study of certain subjects, less cramming, and fewer examinations might advantageously be substituted for the system which now prevails. As for the examinations which are 302 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. Feb. meant to test fitness for the degree or qualification, whatever it may be, I think they also might be less severe, and directed to ascertain, not the candidate’s ignorance of recondite or obscure points in science, but whether he be possessed of sufficient knowledge of the fundamental facts and theories upon which the science is based, to justify the examiners in pronouncing him to have the amount of in- formation which is really sufficient to entitle him to receive the certificate. Let any one read some of the papers now set in almost any qualifying examination, whether it be in medicine or other faculty or branch of science, and ask himself how many passed masters in the subject, nay, even how many examiners themselves, could answer the- questions ? Whilst examinations to test progress, conducted by the teachers themselves, for the purpose of marking certain stages of the curri- culum accomplished, or of finally attesting the fitness for a degree or certificate — such being well ordered and directed to ascertain what the candidate does, rather than what he does not, know — are useful and should be preserved, others of a more exacting character might cease, or be greatly modified. It would seem that these rigid examinations, whilst they test the temporary possession by the candidate of a vast accumulation of facts or figures, give no assurance of gradual and progressive training and development of the senses and the higher faculties, and but very little of practical knowledge or aptitude for the application of some small part of that which he has acquired by rote. I do not gather from what I have read in this Eeview that it is desired to abolish competition, but rather to remodel it, to make it what it sets itself forth to be — a mode of procuring the best. Could competition do this, then, with all its disadvantages, whatever they may be, I see neither how it could, nor why it should be, set aside. Did the present method of education, with its attendant cramming, its overburdening of the memory, its overstraining of the brain-power, and its frequent and severe examinations, certainly supply the public services which depend on it with the best, then it must continue, despite the evils attributed to it ; but it is just here that the question arises. Is it fair to assume that the relative general excellence of young men may be ascertained by testing them only in certain subjects ? Does it follow that, because a man knows or remembers more Greek, Sanscrit, mathematics, anatomy, physiology, or chemistry than others — all alike be it observed, possessing more than qualifying^ knowledge in each subject — he is better than those who may perhaps excel him in numerous qualities which are untested but are quite as essential in forming an efficient public servant ? Such, however, is the view implied in the present competitive system of examination. 1889 THE SACRIFICE OF EDUCATION. 303 and so it happens that men are stamped as the best who certainly would not justify such a conclusion were they submitted to a more general ordeal. Competitive examination, no doubt, secures the man who knows most of some subjects ; but until it test mental, moral, social, and physical, as well as intellectual qualities— even if it can do that — it cannot be admitted that it is what it professes to be, a provider of the best. It is said that no better mode of providing public servants exists, and that it is better than the old system of patronage with all its abuses. It may be so, but there are many who think otherwise, and who believe that selection, after a thoroughly qualifying test has been passed, would be better, and who also think that some method of selection might be found which should obviate the possibility of job- bery or abuse of patronage. In any case there is room for improve- ment in the present system, and if the movement which has been initiated by this Review effect this, it will be of national service.
| 22,932 |
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benshausen
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023 |
Benshausen
|
https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benshausen&action=history
|
Esperanto
|
Spoken
| 54 | 141 |
Benshausen - prononco - estas loĝloko kaj eksa komunumo en Germanio. Ĝi troviĝas en la distrikto Schmalkalden-Meiningen de la federacia lando Turingio, kaj ekde januaro 2019 estas parto de la urba komunumo Zella-Mehlis. Fine de la jaro la loĝloko havis loĝantojn.
Eksteraj ligiloj
retejo de la urbo Zella-Mehlis ()
Distrikto Schmalkalden-Meiningen
Urboj de Turingio
| 49,610 |
Subsets and Splits
Token Count by Language
Reveals the distribution of total tokens by language, highlighting which languages are most prevalent in the dataset.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a detailed breakdown of document counts and total word/token counts for English documents in different collections and open types, revealing insights into data distribution and quantity.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Provides a count of items in each collection that are licensed under 'CC-By-SA', giving insight into the distribution of this license across different collections.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Counts the number of items in each collection that have a 'CC-By' license, providing insight into license distribution across collections.
Bulgarian Texts from Train Set
Retrieves all entries in the training set that are in Bulgarian, providing a basic filter on language.
License Count in Train Set
Counts the number of entries for each license type and orders them, providing a basic overview of license distribution.
Top 100 Licenses Count
Displays the top 100 licenses by their occurrence count, providing basic insights into which licenses are most common in the dataset.
Language Frequency in Dataset
Provides a simple count of each language present in the dataset, which is useful for basic understanding but limited in depth of insight.
French Spoken Samples
Limited to showing 100 samples of the dataset where the language is French and it's spoken, providing basic filtering without deeper insights.
GitHub Open Source Texts
Retrieves specific text samples labeled with their language from the 'Github Open Source' collection.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query performs basic filtering to retrieve specific records from the dataset, which could be useful for preliminary data exploration but does not provide deep insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query retrieves all English entries from specific collections, which provides basic filtering but minimal analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves all English language documents from specific data collections, useful for focusing on relevant subset but doesn't provide deeper insights or analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a specific subset of documents from the dataset, but does not provide any meaningful analysis or insights.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves a sample of 10,000 English documents from the USPTO with an open government type, providing a basic look at the dataset's content without deep analysis.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering to retrieve entries related to English language, USPTO collection, and open government documents, offering limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
Retrieves metadata of entries specifically from the USPTO collection in English, offering basic filtering.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
The query filters for English entries from specific collections, providing a basic subset of the dataset without deep analysis or insight.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query performs basic filtering, returning all rows from the 'StackExchange' collection where the language is 'English', providing limited analytical value.
SQL Console for PleIAs/common_corpus
This query filters data for English entries from specific collections with an 'Open Web' type but mainly retrieves raw data without providing deep insights.
Filtered English Wikipedia Articles
Filters and retrieves specific English language Wikipedia entries of a certain length, providing a limited subset for basic exploration.
Filtered English Open Web Texts
Retrieves a subset of English texts with a specific length range from the 'Open Web', which provides basic filtering but limited insight.
Filtered English Open Culture Texts
Retrieves a sample of English texts from the 'Open Culture' category within a specific length range, providing a basic subset of data for further exploration.
Random English Texts <6500 Ch
Retrieves a random sample of 2000 English text entries that are shorter than 6500 characters, useful for quick data exploration but not revealing specific trends.
List of Languages
Lists all unique languages present in the dataset, which provides basic information about language variety but limited analytical insight.