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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20500422 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Marie Beaumont | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 128 | 337 | Мари Бомонт
Мари Бомонт екземпляр на човек
Мари Бомонт IMDb идентификатор nm5847413
Мари Бомонт Идентификатор за Библиотеката на Конгреса на САЩ nb99075865
Мари Бомонт пол женски
Мари Бомонт собствено име Мари
Мари Бомонт ISNI 0000000082313369
Мари Бомонт професия писател
Мари Бомонт VIAF ID 51186423
Мари Бомонт National Thesaurus for Author Names ID 075147637
Marie Beaumont
Marie Beaumont instance of human
Marie Beaumont IMDb ID nm5847413
Marie Beaumont Library of Congress authority ID nb99075865
Marie Beaumont sex or gender female
Marie Beaumont given name Marie
Marie Beaumont ISNI 0000000082313369
Marie Beaumont occupation writer
Marie Beaumont family name Beaumont
Marie Beaumont VIAF ID 51186423
Marie Beaumont Nationale Thesaurus voor Auteursnamen ID 075147637
Marie Beaumont Canadiana Name Authority ID ncf10259771
Marie Beaumont IdRef ID 060981784
Marie Beaumont WorldCat Entities ID E39PBJhMjvGRwrwPvvV8pXQDv3 | 45,466 |
https://github.com/mantou22/SC_system/blob/master/chenhai/page/record/js/common.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MulanPSL-1.0 | null | SC_system | mantou22 | JavaScript | Code | 88 | 466 | layui.use(['jquery', 'form'], function () {
const $ = layui.$, form = layui.form;
function addNodeThr() {
return `
<div>
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">问题知识点</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input name="point" class="layui-input" lay-verify="paper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">问题详情</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input name="detail" class="layui-input" lay-verify="paper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">建议</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input name="advise" class="layui-input" lay-verify="paper">
</div>
</div>
</div>
`
}
function addNodeOne() {
return `
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">问题知识点</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input name="point" class="layui-input">
</div>
</div>
`
}
$(".add-rec").bind("click", function () {
$(".question-rec").append(addNodeThr());
});
$(".add-klg").bind("click", function () {
$(".question-klg").append(addNodeOne());
});
});
| 37,048 |
https://github.com/c4d3r/mcsuite-application-eyeofender/blob/master/src/Maxim/CMSBundle/Event/MinecraftSendEvent.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | mcsuite-application-eyeofender | c4d3r | PHP | Code | 95 | 285 | <?php
/**
* Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Maxim
* Date: 04/09/13
* Time: 20:39
* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
*/
namespace Maxim\CMSBundle\Event;
use Maxim\CMSBundle\Entity\Purchase;
use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Event;
class MinecraftSendEvent extends Event
{
/**
* @var array Purchase
*/
protected $purchases;
public function __construct($purchases = array())
{
$this->$purchases = $purchases;
}
/**
* @param array $purchases
*/
public function setPurchases($purchases)
{
$this->purchases = $purchases;
}
/**
* @return array
*/
public function getPurchases()
{
return $this->purchases;
}
public function addPurchase(Purchase $purchase)
{
return $this->purchases[] = $purchase;
}
} | 9,100 |
https://github.com/gjactat/SolrNet/blob/master/SolrNet/Schema/SolrSchemaParser.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | null | SolrNet | gjactat | C# | Code | 362 | 1,167 | #region license
// Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Mauricio Scheffer
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#endregion
using System;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Xml.XPath;
using SolrNet.Exceptions;
namespace SolrNet.Schema {
/// <summary>
/// Parses a Solr schema xml document into a strongly typed
/// <see cref="SolrSchema"/> object.
/// </summary>
public class SolrSchemaParser : ISolrSchemaParser {
/// <summary>
/// Parses the specified Solr schema xml.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="solrSchemaXml">The Solr schema xml to parse.</param>
/// <returns>A strongly styped representation of the Solr schema xml.</returns>
public SolrSchema Parse(XDocument solrSchemaXml) {
var result = new SolrSchema();
var schemaElem = solrSchemaXml.Element("schema");
foreach (var fieldNode in schemaElem.XPathSelectElements("types/fieldType|types/fieldtype|fieldtype|fieldType")) {
var field = new SolrFieldType(fieldNode.Attribute("name").Value, fieldNode.Attribute("class").Value);
result.SolrFieldTypes.Add(field);
}
var fieldsElem = schemaElem.Element("fields");
if (fieldsElem is null)
{
fieldsElem = schemaElem;
}
foreach (var fieldNode in fieldsElem.Elements("field")) {
var fieldTypeName = fieldNode.Attribute("type").Value;
var fieldType = result.FindSolrFieldTypeByName(fieldTypeName);
if (fieldType == null)
throw new SolrNetException(string.Format("Field type '{0}' not found", fieldTypeName));
var field = new SolrField(fieldNode.Attribute("name").Value, fieldType);
ParseSolrFieldAttribute(field, fieldNode);
result.SolrFields.Add(field);
}
foreach (var dynamiFieldNode in fieldsElem.Elements("dynamicField")){
var fieldTypeName = dynamiFieldNode.Attribute("type").Value;
var fieldType = result.FindSolrFieldTypeByName(fieldTypeName);
if (fieldType == null)
throw new SolrNetException(string.Format("Field type '{0}' not found", fieldTypeName));
var field = new SolrDynamicField(dynamiFieldNode.Attribute("name").Value, fieldType);
ParseSolrFieldAttribute(field, dynamiFieldNode);
result.SolrDynamicFields.Add(field);
}
foreach (var copyFieldNode in schemaElem.Elements("copyField")) {
var copyField = new SolrCopyField(copyFieldNode.Attribute("source").Value, copyFieldNode.Attribute("dest").Value);
result.SolrCopyFields.Add(copyField);
}
var uniqueKeyNode = schemaElem.Element("uniqueKey");
if (uniqueKeyNode != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(uniqueKeyNode.Value)) {
result.UniqueKey = uniqueKeyNode.Value;
}
return result;
}
private void ParseSolrFieldAttribute(SolrField field, XElement fieldNode){
field.IsRequired = fieldNode.Attribute("required") != null ? fieldNode.Attribute("required").Value.ToLower().Equals(Boolean.TrueString.ToLower()) : false;
field.IsMultiValued = fieldNode.Attribute("multiValued") != null ? fieldNode.Attribute("multiValued").Value.ToLower().Equals(Boolean.TrueString.ToLower()) : false;
field.IsStored = fieldNode.Attribute("stored") != null ? fieldNode.Attribute("stored").Value.ToLower().Equals(Boolean.TrueString.ToLower()) : false;
field.IsIndexed = fieldNode.Attribute("indexed") != null ? fieldNode.Attribute("indexed").Value.ToLower().Equals(Boolean.TrueString.ToLower()) : false;
field.IsDocValues = fieldNode.Attribute("docValues") != null ? fieldNode.Attribute("docValues").Value.ToLower().Equals(Boolean.TrueString.ToLower()) : false;
}
}
} | 31,855 |
a25912f6279535ce6a1bb001925794f7 | French Open Data | Open Government | Licence ouverte | 2,002 | Code de la sécurité sociale., article D224-2 | LEGI | French | Spoken | 99 | 146 | Le conseil d'orientation de l'union des caisses nationales de sécurité sociale comprend 24 membres. Le nombre de sièges attribués aux représentants d'une part des assurés sociaux, d'autre part des employeurs, ainsi que la répartition de ces sièges entre les organisations représentant chacune de ces deux catégories d'administrateurs sont identiques à ceux retenus pour la composition des conseils d'administration des organismes visés à l'article L. 211-2. Les suppléants sont désignés conformément aux dispositions du I de l'article L. 231-3. Les membres du conseil d'orientation, désignés ou membres de droit, sont nommés par arrêté du ministre chargé de la sécurité sociale. | 40,868 |
https://github.com/a465717049/mk/blob/master/DPE.Core.IServices/ISplitRecordsServices.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | mk | a465717049 | C# | Code | 20 | 80 | using DPE.Core.IServices.BASE;
using DPE.Core.Model.Models;
namespace DPE.Core.IServices
{
/// <summary>
/// ISplitRecordsServices
/// </summary>
public interface ISplitRecordsServices :IBaseServices<SplitRecords>
{
}
} | 7,175 |
https://github.com/gedaiu/DDOM/blob/master/source/DOM/DOMAttr.d | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,014 | DDOM | gedaiu | D | Code | 21 | 57 | module DOM.DOMAttr;
class DOMAttr
{
private string _localName;
private string _value;
private string _name;
private string _namespaceURI;
private string _prefix;
}
| 36,625 |
https://github.com/krisnova/tt/blob/master/library/print.go | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,017 | tt | krisnova | Go | Code | 36 | 104 | package library
import (
"fmt"
)
func init() {
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
// StdOut
stdLib["StdOut"] = func(q string) bool {
str, err := lookup(q)
if err != nil {
return close(err.Error())
}
fmt.Println(str)
return close("")
}
}
| 1,679 |
https://github.com/liubaojunsh/Discovery/blob/master/discovery-plugin-test-starter/src/main/java/com/nepxion/discovery/plugin/test/aop/TestInterceptor.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,019 | Discovery | liubaojunsh | Java | Code | 215 | 857 | package com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.test.aop;
/**
* <p>Title: Nepxion Discovery</p>
* <p>Description: Nepxion Discovery</p>
* <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2017-2050</p>
* <p>Company: Nepxion</p>
* @author Haojun Ren
* @version 1.0
*/
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.test.annotation.DTest;
import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.test.annotation.DTestGray;
import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.test.constant.TestConstant;
import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.test.gray.TestOperation;
import com.nepxion.matrix.proxy.aop.AbstractInterceptor;
public class TestInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestInterceptor.class);
@Autowired
private TestOperation testOperation;
@Value("${" + TestConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_TEST_GRAY_RESET_ENABLED + ":true}")
private Boolean resetEnabled;
@Value("${" + TestConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_TEST_GRAY_AWAIT_TIME + ":1000}")
private Integer awaitTime;
@Override
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
Method method = invocation.getMethod();
boolean isTestAnnotationPresent = method.isAnnotationPresent(DTest.class);
boolean isTestGrayAnnotationPresent = method.isAnnotationPresent(DTestGray.class);
if (isTestAnnotationPresent || isTestGrayAnnotationPresent) {
String methodName = getMethodName(invocation);
LOG.info("---------- Run automation testcase :: {}() ----------", methodName);
Object object = null;
if (isTestAnnotationPresent) {
object = invocation.proceed();
} else {
DTestGray testGrayAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(DTestGray.class);
String group = convertSpel(invocation, testGrayAnnotation.group());
String serviceId = convertSpel(invocation, testGrayAnnotation.serviceId());
String path = convertSpel(invocation, testGrayAnnotation.path());
testOperation.update(group, serviceId, path);
Thread.sleep(awaitTime);
try {
object = invocation.proceed();
} finally {
if (resetEnabled) {
testOperation.reset(group, serviceId);
} else {
testOperation.clear(group, serviceId);
}
Thread.sleep(awaitTime);
}
}
LOG.info("* Passed");
return object;
}
return invocation.proceed();
}
private String convertSpel(MethodInvocation invocation, String key) {
String spelKey = null;
try {
spelKey = getSpelKey(invocation, key);
} catch (Exception e) {
spelKey = key;
}
return spelKey;
}
} | 20,342 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21773554 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Ūz̲h̲d Lakah | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 123 | 439 | Ūz̲h̲d Lakah
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah Geonames-ID 1424983
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah instans av berg
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah höjd över havet
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah geografiska koordinater
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah land Afghanistan
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah GNS-ID 6177877
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah inom det administrativa området Khost
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah
berg in Afghanistan
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah GeoNames-identificatiecode 1424983
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah is een berg
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah hoogte boven de zeespiegel
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah geografische locatie
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah land Afghanistan
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah GNS Unique Feature-identificatiecode 6177877
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah gelegen in bestuurlijke eenheid Khost
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah
mountain in Afghanistan
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah GeoNames ID 1424983
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah instance of mountain
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah elevation above sea level
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah coordinate location
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah country Afghanistan
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah GNS Unique Feature ID 6177877
Ūz̲h̲d Lakah located in the administrative territorial entity Khost | 30,736 |
885975_2005_6 | SEC | Open Government | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 4,669 | 7,531 | In the event Mr. Mitchell’s employment is terminated due to his death or disability, Mr. Mitchell or his estate will receive: accrued compensation (which includes base salary and a pro rata bonus) through the date of termination; any previously vested stock options and accrued benefits, such as retirement benefits, in accordance with the terms of the plan or agreement pursuant to which such options or benefits were granted; his annual base salary as in effect at the time of termination for a period of six months following such termination; a lump sum payment equal to an additional six months of base salary payable six months after the date of termination; and any benefits payable to Mr. Mitchell and or his beneficiaries in accordance with the terms of any applicable benefit plan.
In the event Mr. Mitchell’s employment is terminated by Cinemark, Inc. for cause or under a voluntary termination (as defined in the agreement), Mr. Mitchell will receive: accrued base salary through the date of termination; and any previously vested rights under a stock option or similar incentive compensation plan in accordance with the terms of such plan.
Mr. Mitchell will also be entitled, for a period of five years, to tax preparation assistance upon termination of his employment for any reason other than for cause or under a voluntary termination. The employment agreement contains various covenants, including covenants related to confidentiality, non-competition (other than certain permitted activities as defined therein) and non-solicitation.
Tandy Mitchell, Alan Stock, Robert Copple, Timothy Warner, Robert Carmony, John Lundin and Michael Cavalier
Cinemark, Inc. entered into executive employment agreements with each of Tandy Mitchell, Alan Stock, Robert Copple, Timothy Warner, Robert Carmony, John Lundin and Michael Cavalier pursuant to which Mrs. Mitchell and Messrs. Stock, Copple, Warner, Carmony, Lundin and Cavalier serve, respectively, as Cinemark, Inc.’s and the Company’s Executive Vice President, President and Chief Operating Officer, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President, Senior Vice President of Operations, Vice President of Film Licensing and Senior Vice President - General Counsel. The employment agreements became effective upon the consummation of the Recapitalization. The initial term of each employment agreement is three years, subject to automatic extensions for a one-year period at the end of each year of the term, unless the agreement is terminated. Pursuant to the employment agreements, each of these individuals receives a base salary, which is subject to annual review for increase (but not decrease) each year by Cinemark, Inc.’s Board of Directors or committee or delegate thereof. In addition, each of these executives is eligible to receive an annual cash incentive bonus upon the Company’s meeting certain performance targets established by the Cinemark, Inc. Board of Directors or the compensation committee for the fiscal year.
Cinemark, Inc.’s Board of Directors has adopted a stock option plan and granted each executive stock options to acquire such number of shares as set forth in that executive’s employment agreement. The executive’s stock options vest and become exercisable twenty percent per year on a daily pro rata basis and shall be fully vested and exercisable five years after the date of the grant, as long as the executive remains continuously employed by Cinemark, Inc. Upon consummation of a sale of Cinemark, Inc. or the Company, the executive’s stock options will accelerate and become fully vested.
F - 29
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
The employment agreement with each executive provides for severance payments on substantially the same terms as the employment agreement for Mr. Mitchell in that the executive will receive his or her annual base salary in effect at the time of termination for a period commencing on the date of termination and ending on the second anniversary of the effective date (rather than for twelve months); and an amount equal to the most recent annual bonus he or she received prior to the date of termination pro rated for the number of days between such termination and the second anniversary of the effective date (rather than a single annual bonus).
Each executive will also be entitled to office space and support services for a period of not more than three months following the date of any termination except for termination for cause. The employment agreements contain various covenants, including covenants related to confidentiality, non-competition and non-solicitation.
Retirement Savings Plan - The Company has a 401(k) retirement savings plan for the benefit of all employees and makes contributions as determined annually by the Board of Directors. Contribution payments of $1,105 and $1,382 were made in 2004 (for plan year 2003) and 2005 (for plan year 2004), respectively. A liability of $1,295 has been recorded at December 31, 2005 for contribution payments to be made in 2006 (for plan year 2005).
Letters of Credit and Collateral - The Company had outstanding letters of credit of $69, in connection with property and liability insurance coverage, at December 31, 2004 and 2005.
Litigation and Litigation Settlements - DOJ Litigation - In March 1999, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) filed suit in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, against the Company alleging certain violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the “ADA”) relating to the Company’s wheelchair seating arrangements and seeking remedial action. An order granting summary judgment to the Company was issued in November 2001. The Department of Justice appealed the district court’s ruling with the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. On November 7, 2003, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the summary judgment and sent the case back to the district court for further review without deciding whether wheelchair seating at the Company’s theatres comply with the ADA. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals also stated that if the district court found that the theatres did not comply with the ADA, any remedial action should be prospective only. The Company and the United States have resolved this lawsuit. A Consent Order was entered by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division, on November 17, 2004. This Consent Order fully and finally resolves the United States v. Cinemark USA, Inc. lawsuit, and all claims asserted against the Company in that lawsuit have been dismissed with prejudice. Under the Consent Order, the Company will make modifications to wheelchair seating locations in fourteen stadium-style movie theatres within the Sixth Circuit and elsewhere, and spacing and companion seating modifications at 67 auditoriums at other stadium-styled movie theatres. These modifications must be completed during the five-year period commencing on the date the Consent Order was executed. Upon completion of these modifications, such theatres will comply with all existing and pending ADA wheelchair seating requirements, and no further modifications will be necessary to remaining stadium-style movie theatres in the United States to comply with the wheelchair seating requirements of the ADA. Under the Consent Order, the DOJ approved the seating plans for nine stadium-styled movie theatres under construction. The Company and the DOJ have also created a safe harbor framework for the Company to construct all of its future stadium-style movie theatres. The DOJ has stipulated that all theatres built in compliance with the Consent Order will comply with the wheelchair seating requirements of the ADA. Mission, Texas Litigation - In July 2001, Sonia Rivera-Garcia and Valley Association for Independent Living filed suit in the 93rd Judicial District Court of Hidalgo County, Texas, seeking remedial action for certain alleged violations of the Human Resources Code, the Texas Architectural Barriers Act, the Texas Accessibility Standards and the Deceptive Trade Practices Act relating to accessibility of movie theatres for patrons using wheelchairs at one theatre in the Mission, Texas market. During the first quarter of 2005, the plaintiff dismissed any claims under the Deceptive Trade Practices Act. A jury in a similar case in Austin, Texas found that the Company did not violate the Human Resources Code, the Texas Architectural Business Act or the Texas Accessibility Standards. The judge in that case dismissed the claim under the Deceptive Trade Practices Act. The Company filed an answer denying the allegations and vigorously defended this suit. In November 2005, the plaintiff dismissed the case with prejudice.
F - 30
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
From time to time, the Company is involved in other various legal proceedings arising from the ordinary course of its business operations, such as personal injury claims, employment matters and contractual disputes, most of which are covered by insurance. The Company believes its potential liability with respect to proceedings currently pending is not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
18.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
The Company operates in one business segment as a motion picture exhibitor. The Company has operations in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia, which are reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Below is a breakdown of select financial information by geographic area:
(1)
Revenues for all periods do not include results of the two United Kingdom theatres or the eleven Interstate theatres, which were sold during 2004, as the results of operations for these theatres are included as discontinued operations
F - 31
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
In addition to transactions discussed in other notes to the consolidated financial statements, the following transactions with related companies are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements:
The Company leases one theatre from Plitt Plaza Joint Venture (“Plitt Plaza”) on a month-to-month basis. Plitt Plaza is indirectly owned by Lee Roy Mitchell. Annual rent is approximately $118 plus certain taxes, maintenance expenses and insurance. The Company recorded $152 of facility expenses payable to Plitt Plaza joint venture during the year ended December 31, 2005.
The Company manages one theatre for Laredo Theatre, Ltd. (“Laredo”). The Company is the sole general partner and owns 75% of the limited partnership interests of Laredo. Lone Star Theatres, Inc. owns the remaining 25% of the limited partnership interests in Laredo and is 100% owned by Mr. David Roberts, Lee Roy Mitchell’s son-in-law. Under the agreement, management fees are paid by Laredo to the Company at a rate of 5% of annual theatre revenues up to $50,000 and 3% of annual theatre revenues in excess of $50,000. The Company recorded $201 of management fee revenues and received $675 of distributions from Laredo during the year ended December 31, 2005. All such amounts are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements with the intercompany amounts eliminated in consolidation.
The Company has paid certain fees and expenses on behalf of its parent, Cinemark, Inc., that are included in investments in and advances to affiliates on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2005, the amount due to Cinemark, Inc. was $226. The Company also received capital contributions from Cinemark, Inc. totaling $36,275 and $17,035 for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively, primarily due to the Recapitalization and a subsequent income tax sharing agreement.
The Company entered into an amended and restated profit participation agreement on March 12, 2004 with its President, Alan Stock, which became effective upon consummation of the Recapitalization and amends a profit participation agreement with Mr. Stock in effect since May 2002. Under the agreement, Mr. Stock receives a profit interest in two theatres once the Company has recovered its capital investment in these theatres plus its borrowing costs. During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company recorded $633 in profit participation expense payable to Mr. Stock, which is included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. During 2005, the Company paid $670 to Mr. Stock for amounts earned during 2004 and 2005. In the event that Mr. Stock’s employment is terminated without cause, profits will be distributed according to a formula set forth in the profit participation agreement.
F - 32
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
The Company’s valuation allowance for deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 were as follows:
21.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS - RESTATED
As of December 31, 2005, the Company had outstanding $342,250 aggregate principal amount of 9% senior subordinated notes due 2013. These senior subordinated notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior subordinated unsecured basis by the following subsidiaries of Cinemark USA, Inc.:
Cinemark, L.L.C., Sunnymead Cinema Corp., Cinemark Properties, Inc., Greeley Holdings, Inc., Trans Texas Cinema, Inc., Cinemark Mexico (USA), Inc., Brasil Holdings, LLC, Cinemark Leasing Company, Cinemark Partners I, Inc., Multiplex Properties, Inc., Multiplex Services, Inc., CNMK Investments, Inc., CNMK Delaware Investments I, L.L.C., CNMK Delaware Investments II, L.L.C., CNMK Delaware Investments Properties, L.P., CNMK Texas Properties, Ltd., Laredo Theatre, Ltd., and Cinemark Investments Corporation.
The following supplemental condensed consolidating financial information presents:
1.
Condensed consolidating balance sheet information as of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2005 and condensed consolidating statements of income information and cash flows information for each of the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
2.
Cinemark USA, Inc. (the “Parent” and “Issuer”), combined Guarantor Subsidiaries and combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries with their investments in subsidiaries accounted for using the equity method of accounting and therefore, the Parent column reflects the equity income (loss) of its Guarantor Subsidiaries and Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, which are also separately reflected in the stand-alone Guarantor Subsidiaries and Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries column. Additionally, the Guarantor Subsidiaries column reflects the equity income (loss) of its Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, which are also separately reflected in the stand-alone Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries column.
3.
Elimination entries necessary to consolidate the Parent and all of its Subsidiaries.
In 2005, the Company determined it should restate its condensed consolidating financial information of subsidiary guarantors to correctly reflect the following items:
•
Shareholder’s equity balances in 1999 presented in the beginning balance sheet information for the parent and subsidiary guarantors financial information improperly included dividends received from their respective subsidiaries;
•
Certain investments in affiliate subsidiaries were not properly eliminated within the parent and subsidiary guarantors balance sheet information;
•
Cumulative translation adjustments were not properly reflected within the subsidiary guarantors and
F - 33
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
subsidiary non-guarantors balance sheet information which in turn impacted the investment in and advances to affiliates and other shareholder’s equity balances presented for the parent and the subsidiary guarantors, respectively.
•
Dividends paid by certain subsidiary guarantors and subsidiary non-guarantors entities were improperly presented as part of cash flows from investing activities rather than financing activities.
While these items were not presented properly within the parent, subsidiary guarantors and subsidiary non-guarantors balance sheet information and statements of cash flows information, the consolidated financial information was accurate. The Company has made the necessary adjustments to the current year and prior year condensed consolidating financial information of subsidiary guarantors included within this footnote.
F - 34
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
DECEMBER 31, 2005
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME INFORMATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
DECEMBER 31, 2004
AS RESTATED
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME INFORMATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
AS RESTATED
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004
AS RESTATED
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF INCOME INFORMATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
AS RESTATED
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003
AS RESTATED
(In thousands)
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2005
(In thousands, except share data, unaudited)
Note: “Restricted Group” and “Unrestricted Group” are defined in the Indentures for the senior subordinated notes.
S-1
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005
(In thousands, unaudited)
Note: “Restricted Group” and “Unrestricted Group” are defined in the Indentures for the senior subordinated notes.
S-2
CINEMARK USA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005
(In thousands, unaudited)
Note: “Restricted Group” and “Unrestricted Group” are defined in the Indentures for the senior subordinated notes.
S-3
EXHIBITS
TO
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR
CINEMARK USA, INC.
FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2005
E - 1
EXHIBIT INDEX
3.1
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company filed with the Texas Secretary of State on September 3, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(a) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1993).
3.2(a)
Bylaws of the Company, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 033-47040) filed April 9, 1992).
3.2(b)
Amendment to Bylaws of the Company dated March 12, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2(b) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed March 6, 1997).
4.2(a)
Indenture dated February 11, 2003 between the Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company of Florida, N.A. governing the 9% Senior Subordinated Notes issued thereunder (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2(b) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed March 19, 2003).
4.2(b)
First Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 7, 2003 between the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company of Florida, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2(i) to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-104940) filed May 28, 2003).
4.2(c)
Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 11, 2004 between the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto and The Bank of New York Trust Company of Florida, N.A. (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-047040) filed March 29, 2005).
4.2(d)
Form of 9% Note (contained in the Indenture listed as Exhibit 4.2(a) above) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2(b) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File 033-47040) filed March 19, 2003).
10.1(a)
Management Agreement, dated as of July 28, 1993, between the Company and Cinemark Mexico (USA) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(a) to Cinemark, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-88618) filed May 17, 2002).
10.1(b)
Management Agreement, dated as of September 10, 2002, between Cinemark USA, Inc. and Cinemark de Mexico (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Cinemark Mexico (USA)’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 033-72114) filed on November 24, 1994).
10.1(c)
Management Agreement, dated December 10, 1993, between Laredo Theatre, Ltd. and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(b) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1994).
10.1(d)
First Amendment to Management Agreement of Laredo Theatre, Ltd. effective as of December 10, 2003 between CNMK Texas Properties, Ltd. (successor in interest to Cinemark USA, Inc.) and Laredo Theatre Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(d) to Cinemark, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-116292) filed September 8, 2004).
10.1(e)
Management Agreement, dated September 1, 1994, between Cinemark Partners II, Ltd. and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4(i) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed March 29, 1995).
10.1(f)
First Amendment to Management Agreement of Cinemark Partners II, Ltd. dated as of January 5, 1998 by and between Cinemark USA, Inc. and Cinemark Partners II, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(f) to the Cinemark, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-116292) filed September 8, 2004).
10.1(g)
Management Services Agreement dated April 10, 2003 between Greeley Partners L.P. and CNMK Texas Properties, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(g) to Cinemark, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-116292) filed September 8, 2004).
10.2
Amended and Restated Agreement to Participate in Profits and Losses, dated as of March 12, 2004, between Cinemark USA, Inc. and Alan W. Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.3(a)
License Agreement, dated December 10, 1993, between Laredo Joint Venture and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(c) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1994).
10.3(b)
License Agreement, dated September 1, 1994, between Cinemark Partners II, Ltd. and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10(c) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed March 29, 1995).
E - 2
10.4(a)
Tax Sharing Agreement, between the Company and Cinemark International, L.L.C. (f/k/a Cinemark II, Inc. ), dated as of June 10, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1993).
10.4(b)
Tax Sharing Agreement, dated as of July 28, 1993, between the Company and Cinemark Mexico (USA) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Cinemark Mexico (USA)’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 033-72114) filed on November 24, 1993).
10.5(a)
Indemnification Agreement, between the Company and Lee Roy Mitchell, dated as of July 13, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23(a) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1993).
10.5(b)
Indemnification Agreement, between the Company and Tandy Mitchell, dated as of July 13, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23(b) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1993).
10.5(c)
Indemnification Agreement, between the Company and Alan Stock, dated as of July 13, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23(d) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1993).
10.5(d)
Indemnification Agreement, between the Company and W. Bryce Anderson, dated as of July 13, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23(f) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1993).
10.5(e)
Indemnification Agreement, between the Company and Sheldon I. Stein, dated as of July 13, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23(g) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed June 30, 1993).
10.5(f)
Indemnification Agreement, between the Company and Heriberto Guerra, dated as of December 3, 1993 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23(f) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-11895) filed September 13, 1996).
10.6(a)
Senior Secured Credit Agreement dated December 4, 1995 among Cinemark International, L.L.C. (f/k/a Cinemark II, Inc., Cinemark Mexico (USA) and Cinemark de Mexico (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 033-47040) filed April 1, 1996).
10.6(b)
First Amendment to Senior Secured Credit Agreement, dated as of September 30, 1996, by and among Cinemark II, Inc., Cinemark Mexico (USA), Inc. and Cinemark de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11(b) to Cinemark, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-88618) filed on May 17, 2002).
10.6(c)
Second Amendment to Senior Secured Credit Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2000, by and among Cinemark II, Inc., Cinemark Mexico (USA), Inc. and Cinemark de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11(c) to Cinemark, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-88618) filed on May 17, 2002).
10.7(a)
Employment Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2004, between Cinemark, Inc. and Lee Roy Mitchell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(a) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.7(b)
Employment Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2004, between Cinemark, Inc. and Alan Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(b) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.7(c)
Employment Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2004, between Cinemark, Inc. and Tim Warner (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(c) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.7(d)
Employment Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2004, between Cinemark, Inc. and Robert Copple (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(d) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.7(e)
Employment Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2004, between Cinemark, Inc. and Rob Carmony (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(e) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.7(f)
Employment Agreement, dated as of March 12, 2004, between Cinemark, Inc. and Tandy Mitchell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14(f) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
E - 3
10.8(a)
Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated April 2, 2004, among Cinemark, Inc., CNMK Holdings, Inc., the Company, the several lenders from time to time parties thereto, Lehman Brothers Inc. and Goldman Sachs Credit Partners LP, as Joint Legal Arrangers, Goldman Sachs Credit Partners LP, as Syndication Agent, Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc., The Bank of New York, General Electric Capital Corporation and CIBC Inc. as Documentation Agents and Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.8(b)
First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated August 18, 2004, among Cinemark, Inc., CNMK Holdings, Inc., Cinemark USA, Inc., the several lenders from time to time parties thereto, Lehman Brothers Inc. and Goldman Sachs Credit Partners LP, as Joint Lead Arrangers, Goldman Sachs Credit Partners LP, as Syndication Agent, Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc., The Bank of New York, General Electric Capital Corporation and CIBC Inc. as Documentation Agents and Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. as Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15(b) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 13, 2005).
10.9
Amended and Restated Guaranty and Collateral Agreement, dated April 2, 2004, among Cinemark, Inc., CNMK Holdings Inc., the Company and certain of it subsidiaries in favor of Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 033-47040) filed May 14, 2004).
10.10(a)
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of August 18, 2004, among Cinemark Empreendimentos e Participacoes, Ltda, Venture II Equity Holdings Corporation, Inc. and Kristal Holdings Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20(a) to Cinemark, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 333-116292) filed May 13, 2005).
10.10(b)
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of August 18, 2004, among Cinemark Empreendimentos e Participacoes, Ltda, Prona Global Ltd., Messrs. Edgar Gleich, Riccardo Arduini, Moises Pinsky, Eduardo Alalou, and Robert Luis Leme Klabin (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20(b) to Cinemark, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 333-116292) filed May 13, 2005).
*12
Calculation of Earnings to Fixed Charges
*21
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
*31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Cinemark USA, Inc. Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Cinemark USA, Inc. Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of Cinemark USA, Inc. Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of Cinemark USA, Inc. Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
* Filed herewith
E - 4.
| 48,465 |
journalofamerica6121unse_41 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,883 | Journal of the American Medical Association | None | English | Spoken | 7,327 | 9,699 | A jury has no right to ignore testimony that has not been discredited and form independent conclusions on matters which require proof beyond their conjectures or opinions. Both from reason and authority it is clear that the result obtained from an operation, or treatment, in a case of medicine or surgery is ordinarily neither prima facie nor any evidence of negligence. A surgeon may be assiduous, painstaking and careful to the last degree, using all the recognized means at his command, both ordinary and extraordinary, and still fail. In such case it is manifest that failure is neither the result nor evidence of neglect. A patient is bound to submit to such treatment as his surgeon prescribes, provided the treatment be such as a sur¬ geon of ordinary skill would adopt or sanction. If he will not, his neglect is his own wrong or mistake for which he has no right to hold his surgeon responsible. Negligence on the part of a -physician consists in his doing something which he should not have done, or in omitting to do something which he should have done. By allowing the jury to consider any imperfect position of the fragments of the bone which had been broken, as evidence of negligence, the defendant was not tried for what he did or omitted to do, but by the criterion of results. If the jury could regard an imperfect position of the bone as evidence on the ques¬ tion of the defendant’s exercise of care, then the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, or the matter speaks for itself, applied; but the maxim res ipsa loquitur has no place nor application in a case like this, and the jury should have been so advised. The defendant requested an instruction to the effect that, in considering whether the defendant in his diagnosis, care and treatment of the plaintiff’s injured arm exercised ordi¬ nary care and skill, the jury could not set up a standard of its own, but must be guided in that regard solely by the testimony of physicians; and that, if they were unable to determine from the testimony of physicians what constituted ordinary care and skill under the circumstances of this case, j then there was a failure of proof on the only standard for their guidance, and the evidence would be insufficient to war¬ rant any verdict for the plaintiff. The authorities are prac¬ tically uniform in holding, and counsel for the plaintiff admitted, that as to what is or is not proper practice in examination and treatment, or the usual practice and treat¬ ment, is a question for experts, and can be established only ! by their testimony, but counsel attempted to draw a dis¬ tinction between the character of testimony necessary to establish a standard of proper treatment, and a standard of what constitutes ordinary care and skill. The court perceives j no difference. If no standard was established by the testi- rnony of physicians, then the jury had no standard. This does j not militate against the right of the jury to decide between j conflicting testimony of different physicians or experts on J the question of a standard; it only goes to the extent that, i if in doubt on any matter necessary to enable the jury to j say that a standard has been fixed for its guidance by the testimony of such qualified witnesses, then it cannot from ; other and incompetent evidence, or without evidence, raise a j standard. The court thinks that refusal to give this instruc- tion, and the giving of an instruction by which the jury was i permitted to find such standard from all of the testimony, both competent and incompetent as to that question, consti- j tuted error. The fact that the defendant was discharged immediately | after he had discovered the fracture and before he had set ; or attempted to set the arm was disclosed by the plaintiff’s testimony in chief as well as by that of the defendant. Therefore it became necessary for tne plaintiff to establish as Volume LX I Number 10 SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS 1483 an affirmative part of his case, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the condition of which lie complained existed at the tihie of the discharge, and that permanent injury would not have been averted by compliance with the defendant’s directions. The instruction given changed the burden of proof and placed it on the defendant, requiring him to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that such condition did not exist; that union had not taken place to such an extent as to make it impracticable or unreasonable for the plaintiff to comply with his advice that the fracture be reduced after that lapse of time. In that respect the giving of the instruc¬ tion was error. Silence and Failure to Act Not Evidence Against Physician ( Shelton vs. Hacelip (Ala.), 60 So. II. 471) The Court of Appeals of Alabama reverses, on the second appeal in this case, a judgment rendered against the appellant (defendant) Shelton for alleged malpractice. The court says that the date of the alleged malpractice was August 10, 1003, when, as the defendant was passing the residence of the plaintiff’s mother, he was called in by her in consequence of her having telephoned for a Dr. Murray, who had recently been attending on the plaintiff, and finding that he was not at his office, and that the defendant was not at that time the physician who had been treating the plaintiff, then a young- child, for the ailment from which she had been suffering. The testimony for the plaintiff tended to show that the defendant was at the house again the next morning, and then saw the child’s eye in the condition in which Dr. Murray observed it during the same day when he declared that it was out. The defendant’s testimony was to the effect that he made only the one visit in August, when he prescribed for the eye, and that the next time he was called back there to sea the child was in January, 1904. He did not remember for what ailment he prescribed for her on that visit, but there was no suggestion in the evidence that the calling in of the defendant on that occasion had any reference to the plaintiff’s eye. The defendant having, on his cross- examination, testified that it was on that occasion that he first saw that the child’s eye was out, he was required, over objections duly interposed in his behalf, to answer the ques¬ tions: “You had made no inquiry about it before that?” “You made no inquiries at that time?” “You made no exam¬ ination of the eye?” The court cannot conceive that in asking these questions there could have been any other purpose than to make the defendant’s answers to them, especially if they were answered in the negative, as they were, the basis of inferences or impli¬ cations unfavorable to him. In other words, the effect of overruling the objections to the questions was to permit the facts that the defendant had made no inquiry about the child’s eye after he prescribed for it in August, 1903, or when he was called in to treat her for some other ailment in January, 1904, and that he made no examination of the eye on that occasion to be put forward as evidences of implied admissions by him of some culpability on his part in the treatment of the eye for which he had prescribed. The court is not of opinion that one’s silence or failure to act can be made evidence against him unless the attending circumstances were such as to call for some expression or action by him in reference to the matter about which he then said or did nothing. It is a familiar rule that the fact that one was silent on a given occasion is not admissible in evidence against -him unless the occasion was one calling for a statement or expression from him about the matter as to which his silence is sought to be given the effect of an implied admission. The reason underlying that rule also supports the conclusion that the fact of one’s failure to do a certain thing should not be provable against him unless accompanied by evidence that there was some occasion for him to do that thing. There was no- evidence tending to sIioav that, between the dates of the defendant’s treatment of the child’s eye on the occasion of his visit in August and his professional visit to her in the following January, anything had happened to which the defendant was a party or with which he was in any way connected which was calculated to elicit from him an inquiry as to the child’s eve. Nor was there any evidence of anything being said or done on the occasion of his later visit to call for an inquiry by him about the child’s eye or his examination of it. His failure, under these circumstances, to make such inquiries or examination could prove nothing for or against him bearing on the issue in this case, whether he saw the eye in August -after it was out, as the plaintiff’s evidence tended to prove, or first saw that it was out when he was called in to treat the child for some other ailment five months later. Evidence as to such failure could shed no light on the inquiry in this case as to whether the defend¬ ant was so in fault in the treatment he had prescribed for the child’s eye as to render him liable in damages for the loss of it. His mere failure to make such inquiries or examination could have no legitimate tendency to prove that he was negligent or unskilful in the treatment of the eye or to indicate an implied admission by him of culpability in that regard. The conclusion follows that the court was in error in overruling the objections to the questions above set out, and this court is further of opinion that the error was a distinctly prejudicial one, as the evidence so improperly admitted might well be made the basis of a plausible appeal to the jury to give the defendant’s subsequent silence an 1 inaction a significance and an incriminating effect to which it was not entitled. Society Proceedings COMING MEETINGS Am. Academy of Ophthal. and Oto-Laryn.. Chattanooga. Oct. 27-20. A. Assn, for St. and Prev. of Inf. Mort., Washington, 1). C., Xov. 14-17. Clinical Congress of Surgeons of X. A., Chicago, Nov. 10-1 3. Mississippi Valley Medical Association. New Orleans, Oct. 23-25. Southern Medical Association, Lexington. Ivy., Nov. 18-20. Virginia Medical Society, Lynchburg, Oct. 21-24. MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA Sixty-Third Annual Session, Sept. 22-26, 1918 Section on Surgery, September 23-25 The Section opened September 23 in the Bellevue Stratford. Dr. G. W. Guthrie, Wilkes-Barre, called the meeting to order at 2 p. m. The Chairman, Dr. John B. Lowman, Johnstown, delivered his address and then took the chair. Treatment of Fractures Dr. John B. Lowman, Johnstown: Each fracture is a study in itself and the simpler and more comfortably it can be dressed the better result will be obtained. The splint must fit the fracture, not the fracture the splint. In operation on fractures no instrument which has touched the hand nor the hand itself should go into the wound. I11 compound fracture my practice is to remove loose and disintegrated tissue, paint the wound with tincture of iodin and put on a 5 per cent, phenol dressing and a splint and not attempt operation until danger of infection is past. With an experience of over 150 operations 1 am an advocate of this method when there js interposition of muscle, absence of crepitus, when reduction is impossible and when the fracture is near a joint. The Mimicry of Diseases of the Upper Abdomen by Omental Adhesions 1)r. G. P. Muller, Philadelphia : No substance as yet known will entirely prevent abdominal adhesions after opera¬ tion. Probably simple incision of the abdominal wall causes slight adhesions. There is marked tendency of the oment.il edge to attach itself to raw surfaces of the peritoneum. Later larger surfaces become adherent. If this adhesion occurs at points well beyond the normal site, a drag on the stomach, colon or gall-bladder occurs and symptoms are produced whi -h resemble ulcer, gall-stones or other disease of the upper abdo- 1484 SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS Jour. A. M. A. Oct. 18, 1913 men. We should be cautious in diagnosing ulcer or gall¬ stones in a patient previously operated on unless we have eliminated the possibility of omental adhesion. DISCUSSION Dr. John B. Deaver, Philadelphia: I rely as much on a tender scar and rigidity surrounding the tender scar as any¬ thing else in making the diagnosis of adhesions. I frequently see patients return after gall-stone operations, not with the typical gall-stone colic, but with pain resembling it and with the same set of symptoms as before operation. 1 do not know any way of preventing these adhesions. Dr. George P. Muller, Philadelphia : If a second operation has to be done I think that it is well to remove most of the omentum. Otherwise it is practically certain to adhere at the former point. Puerperal Sepsis and the Present Methods of Treatment Dr. E. E. Montgomery, Philadelphia : In the first place a careful differentiation from other forms of infection should be made, and the type, whether sapremic or septic, determined. In treatment, measures to conserve vitality, promote elimina¬ tion and maintain nutrition should be employed. Medication should be given as much as possible hypodermically or by rectum. Elimination is most favored by continuous instilla¬ tion of salt solution or water. The Fowler position promotes drainage from the vagina. Ice-bags to the abdomen lessen the pain and inflammation. Pus accumulations require, of course, surgical intervention. The curet should not be used. DISCUSSION Dr. Richard C. Norris, Philadelphia: My experience has tauglit me that the curet in miscarriages or following mis¬ carriages is a prophylactic measure of treatment. We are apt to think that the uterus will take care of itself, but it is my routine practice with patients brought into my wards to take it for granted that there is something in the uterus that Nature has not taken care of, a nidus of infection. The intra-uterine douche after miscarriage has been productive only of good in my cases. After definite labor at term I never use the intra-uterine curet. Fracture of the Surgical Neck of the Humerus Dr. G. G. Ross, Philadelphia : Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus often present great difficulties in treat¬ ment. Luxation of the head of the humerus is the most troublesome complication. It occurred in three out of eighty- four cases at the university and in five out of sixty cases at the German Hospital. Operation except in compound frac¬ tures is very rarely needed. DISCUSSION Dr. G. G. Davis, Philadelphia: The- laity is becoming still more prone to malpractice suits, and in injuries about the shoulder I think it is almost impossible to make correct diag¬ nosis by physical methods alone. Therefore, I think it abso¬ lutely essential that all injuries or fractures around the shoulder-joint should be roentgenographed. The conservative treatment of fractures in the neighborhood of the shoulder has proved to be better and more convenient than the opera¬ tive means. The Modern Diagnosis of Tuberculosis of the Kidney Dr. B. A. Thomas, Philadelphia: Renal tuberculosis com¬ monly masquerades under remote, unrecognized or misinter¬ preted urinary symptoms. Early diagnosis is necessary if it is desired to obtain the high percentage of cures possible by nephrectomy. The disease almost invariably arises from infection from the blood; rarely does it ascend from the blad¬ der. In 80 per cent, of cases it is primary in one kidney only, but in twenty-four cases observed by me it had become bilat¬ eral at the time of operation. The use of tuberculin diagnos¬ tically is valueless. Cystoscopy and particularly chromo- ureteroscopy, with the employment of indigoearmin, has been the procedure of merit. Not a single patient nephrectomized after the use of indigoearmin has since died. Pyelography should seldom, if ever, be used in this disease. Diagnostic Methods Applicable to Renal and Ureteral Lesions Dr. G. M. Laws, Philadelphia: In the diagnosis of kidney lesions the history, physical examination, urinalysis and Roentgen rays are of importance in guiding the surgeon to a proper instrumental examination. Palpation may at once locate the affected organ. The Roentgen-ray examination of the kidneys and ureters has proved so valuable that it is used routinely. At times the roentgenogram will be negative in case of large calculus. That pyelography is an extremely valuable diagnostic method is undeniable. The experience of manv clinics shows hundreds of cases that could not be dias- nosed by any other method. Nearly every lesion of surgical importance causes some deviation from the normal outline of the pelvis or ureter. Indigoearmin and phenolsulphoneph- thalein are the most popular agents for use in functional tests. The practical objection to the latter is the necessity of using the ureteral catheter. DISCUSSION ON RENAL DISEASE Dr. J. E. Sweet, Philadelphia : Ascending infection of the kidney takes place, not through the lumen of the ureter, but solely through the lymphatic system. Dr. John L. Laird, Philadelphia: If we depend on indi- gocarmin, we must rule out all obstruction in the ureter. AVe cannot do that without catheterization of the ureter. Besides, in early diagnosis, when diagnosis is most important, indigo- carmin is often not delayed in its excretion. It has been stated and proved that one-third of the kidney substance must be involved before there is any delay in secretion of indigoearmin. Dr. A. A. LThle, Philadelphia: We cannot obtain a positive diagnosis of tuberculosis without positive guinea-pig inocula¬ tion. What we rely on is guinea-pig inoculation. After the diagnosis of a bad kidney we want to know, if the kidney is removed, whether or not the patient is going to live. I am much in favor of indigoearmin, but one must be very careful to choose the proper drug. There are two or three products on the market which may so mislead the operator that he might take out the kidney which is not diseased. Our results with tuberculin in kidney conditions have shown us that we secure relief, but wre cannot depend on it for cure. Ludwig’s Angina, or Submaxillary Cellulitis with Extension to the Floor of the Mouth and Pharynx Dr. T. Turner Thomas, Philadelphia: Ludwig’s angina is a submaxillary cellulitis which extends to the larynx by way of the floor of the mouth and pharynx. Its greatest danger lies in the fact that the internal invasion is overlooked until it is too late or is not recognized at all. The recorded mor¬ tality is about 40 per cent. If the possibility of this compli¬ cation in every case of submaxillary cellulitis were generally appreciated and the submaxillary focus were drained thor¬ oughly as soon as the swelling under the tongue appeared, the mortality would be much reduced. If the incision was made before the internal invasion occurred, the results would be still better. The sublingual phlegmon should be the last signal for operation. Pus or dyspnea should never be waited for. Dyspnea develops too late and is too often absent in the stage when there is yet hope of saving the patient. While the condition which Ludwig described is a submaxillary cellu¬ litis with secondary internal invasion, it should be borne in mind that the infection may start under the tongue or in the walls of the pharynx, when edema of the larynx will develop the more quickly and insidiously because the focus of infection is more concealed. Even in these cases the. focus may some¬ times be found and attacked successfully. DISCUSSION Dr. Ralph Butler, Philadelphia: We must forestall the danger rather than wait for fluctuation, dyspnea and other danger-signals. With early free drainage the mortality can probably be reduced, although some of the fulminating cases cannot be saved by any known treatment. The cases reported do not sufficiently emphasize t lie danger and rapidity of this affection. Death may occur within a day after the first symp¬ toms are seen. The temperature often does not go above 101. CURRENT MEDICAL LITERATURE 1485 Volume LX I Number 16 Our Present Conception of “Arthritis Deformans” Dr. David Silver, Pittsburgh : According to our present conception of arthritis deformans, infection is the exciting cause in a very large proportion of the cases, whether in all remains to be proved. The source is usually focal and the infection is no doubt of various types, although streptococcal infection would appear to be the most common. Metabolic disturbances act as most important contributory causes, but that they alone can produce the arthritis cannot yet be defi¬ nitely shown. To be emphasized is the fact that the prob¬ lem is a complex one: there are numerous predisposing fac¬ tors, while once the disease is established many causes become active in perpetuating it, and in some instances these sec¬ ondary causes become so prominent as to appear of primary importance. Diagnosis is not a “one-man job.” ■ I DISCUSSION Dr. G. G. Davis, Philadelphia: In a large number of cases we will fail to find the improvement expected on removal of the infectious element. In some cases the metabolic dis¬ turbance seems absolutely unassociated with the infectious clement. Only by persistent work and study shall we solve the difficult problems connected with arthritis deformans. Dr. George E. Pfaiiler, Philadelphia: I would call atten¬ tion to the teeth as a source of infection in this condition often overlooked. Repeatedly these patients have come to me for roentgenoscopy of their joints and at my own initiative I have made studies of the teeth. Often with infection of the teeth the patients have no local symptoms. Dr D. Silver: I agree as to the importance of pyorrhea, but this and the other common sources of infection may be secondary. In one case of infection of spine, hips and knees, the diseased tonsils were removed, with a large pocket of pus, but the patient did not get well. We must examine cases with regard to every point of infection. Medical Ethics in Relation to Roentgenology Dr. David R. Bowen, Philadelphia: The practicing physi¬ cian should know enough about the Roentgen ray to tell when and when not it should be used. Patients should not be advised as to probable fee without due knowledge of fact and should not be encouraged to expect “pictures.” Fee is for consultation and not for picture-making. The obligation is on roentgenologists and hospitals to furnish a high grade of service regardless of size of fee. The ownership of all roentgenograms and prints rests with the roentgenologist. DISCUSSION Dr. John H. Gibbon, Philadelphia: In stomach and intes¬ tinal work the Roentgen ray is invaluable. The matter must be in the hands of an experienced man ; poor roentgeno¬ grams do more harm than to have none. If roentgenology is taught in medical schools I would approve the plan outlined by Dr. Bowen, which includes a warning of the attending dangers. Dr. George E. Pfaiiler, Philadelphia : I believe we should 1 teach medical students Roentgen-ray anatomy and Roentgen- ray pathology and give them the principles on which the subject is based both in diagnosis and treatment. I make no attempt to teach students how to do the work, but. tell them that if they want to become roentgenologists they must take up the work, giving special attention to it. After fourteen years’ hard study I realize how little I know of the matter. Recognition and Treatment of Exophthalmic Goiter Dr. Henry S. Plummer, Rochester, Minn.: The diagnosis Jof this disease is based on hyperplasia and change of form of the thyroid. The gland is enlarged, indurated in such a way as to be demonstrable in 60 per cent, of cases. A diffuse bruit is discernible in almost every case. Exophthalmic goiter must be distinguished from other thyrotoxic states. In exophthalmic goiter there are three toxic elements: one affecting the nervous system, the second the circulation and the third producing hypertrophy. The onset is insidious. The administration of iodin may cause cardiac symptoms in cases in which it had not previously been present. The simple form of goiter may be changed into the exophthalmic form. The constant features of the disease are mental irri¬ tation and depression. In persons over thirty-five years of age goiter, tremor, exophthalmia and tachycardia are not sufficient for the diagnosis of exophthalmic goiter. The toxic symptoms result from excessive and perverted thyroid secre¬ tion. The severity of the disease varies with the weight of the gland. The treatment consists in elimination of the cause, reduction of the hypertrophy and neutralization of the toxin. As we do not know the cause of the disease nothing can be done in that direction. Little can be expected, except from reduction of the functional activity of the gland by its partial destruction. Operation reduces the toxin pro¬ duced in ratio to the amount of the gland removed. Altera¬ tion does not alter the perversion, nor does it alter changes in the organs which have already occurred. discussion Dr. Lawrence Litchfield, Pittsburgh: As in case of Banti’s disease, which is probably due to a morbid influence of the spleen on other organs of the body, removal of the spleen will cure the disease. So it may be that the beneficial effect of thyroidectomy is due to the removal of the gland which is the cause of a perversion of secretion. Dr. John A. Lichty, Pittsburgh: I should like to ask why hyperplasia of the gland is considered necessary for a diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. I have observed cases of thyroid intoxica¬ tion in which no hyperplasia of the gland could be determined. Dr. Henry S. Plummer: Exophthalmic goiter never occurs without hyperplasia of the gland. In rare instances there are non-hyperplastic cases which resemble very closely exophthal¬ mic goiter, but they are not that disease. (To be continued) Current Medical Literature AMERICAN Titles marked with an asterisk (*) are abstracted below. American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, York, Pa. September, LXVIII, No. 1,29, pp. 1,01-616 1 Pregnancy Complicated by Appendicitis. C. E. Paddock, Chicago. 2 Ovarian Neoplasms, Complicating Pregnancy and Labor. R. C. Norris, Philadelphia. 3 Fibroid Tumors Complicating Pregnancy and Labor. F. W. Lynch, Chicago. 4 *Abderhalden's Test of Pregnancy. N. S. Heaney and C. H. Davis, Chicago. 5 ‘Puerperal Infection. T. J. Watkins, Chicago. 6 Treatment of Puerperal Infection. C. B. Ingraham, Denver. 7 Pelvic Floor, Rectocele, Cystocele and Prolapsus Uteri, Etiology, Mechanism and Behavior. A. B. Keyes, Cleve¬ land. 8 Mesenteric Cysts : Clinical and Pathologic Reports. C. G. Child, L. W. Strong and E. Schwartz, New York. 9 Tuberculosis of Kidney. G. Kapsammer, Vienna. 4. Abderhalden’s Test for Pregnancy. — Thinking that pos¬ sibly the ferment action of the blood might not be specific to placental albumin, one of the authors began to test the activity of the serum of pregnant and non-pregnant humans to ordinary peptones. Twenty c.c. of 2 per cent, sterilized aqueous solution of Witte peptone was mixed with 10 c.c. of blood-serum in a sterile flask. Of this mixture 10 c.c. was withdrawn immediately and titrated for amino-acids according to the formaldehyd method of Sorensen-Ronchesi. After incu¬ bation of the remaining portion for twenty-four hours the titration was again performed. The difference in titer rep¬ resents in terms of tenth-normal KOH the increase of amino- acids as the result of digestion. Nine pregnant and three non-pregnant women were examined. The peptolytic activity of the blood varied in intensity, but the variation could not be brought into correlation with the gravid or non-gravid state of the patient, but depended on factors not ascertained. In four other cases, instead of peptone solution placenta was desiccated and powdered and a 1 to 200 suspension was made 1486 CURRENT MEDICAL LITERATURE Jour. A. M. A. Oct. 18, 1913 and tests made in the same manner as already described. From these four cases no proteolytic activity could be dem¬ onstrated by an estimation of the amino-acids. If digestion of the placenta occurred it was either not carried to the amino- acid stage, or was not measurable by the method used. The few experiments as performed did not yield promising results so that this part of the work was abandoned. When the use of ninhydrin and diffusion shells was advo¬ cated the authors took up the test. They used the dialysis tubes No. 579, 1G mm. in diameter. Seidenpeptone not being procurable, they used Witte peptone and normal horse-serum to test their tubes. The tests were performed with the strict¬ est adherence to each new elaboration of the test as discovered by Abderhalden from time to time. Full regard to asepsis was paid and the facilities for work were satisfactory in every way. By the technic in which the placenta was not reboiled and retested just prior to the test, eleven patients were exam¬ ined, of whom four were pregnant and seven non-pregnant. Each of the four pregnant women gave a positive reaction. Of the seven non -pregnant individuals only two failed to react. Of the five who reacted positively two were males with syphilis; one woman had been operated on one week earlier for tuberculous peritonitis, the uterus and appendages having been removed one year previously; one woman clinically non- pregnant but who had not menstruated for months, suffered from multiple ulcers of the rectum, probably syphilitic. Since rendering the placenta free of reacting substances before test¬ ing, they have tested seventeen individuals. Of five women who were not pregnant, one reacted positively. This patient had periods of amenorrhea from some cause not ascertainable. Of seven pregnant women from all periods, two reacted neg¬ atively in the sixth and fourteenth weeks, respectively,' who subsequently developed positive signs of pregnancy. The women from the fourteenth week subsequently gave a second negative test. Of five puerperal women, two who had been delivered thirteen and twenty days prior to the test reacted negatively, the other three women were from the earlier puer- perium and reacted positively. The dialysis tubes used in the adverse tests had previously and subsequently given posi¬ tive reactions. Positive tests occurring when not expected can be explained on the basis of an error in technic, while a negative test is not so easily explained. 'A review of the literature and an experience with the test, together with the use of other means of testing the digestive activity of the blood, leads the authors to question the specificity of the test of Abderhalden; though, since the need of such a reaction is great they urge that the test should be further tried, and its results reported accurately. 5. Puerperal Infection. — Watkins says that inasmuch as the disease is essentially a systemic infection, the important pathology is the general pathology of infection and immunity. The pathology in the pelvis in puerperal infection is of sec¬ ondary importance when considered from a practical viewpoint. The bacteriologic examination of vaginal and uterine secre¬ tions is of relatively small value, as the results are often uncertain and misleading. Blood-cultures are the only means at present of accurate diagnosis of the variety of infection. As the disease is chiefly systemic, the treatment should be essentially general. The important part of the treatment of puerperal infection is the use of remedies to increase the body resistance, and the abandonment of measures that inter¬ fere with the development of immunizing substa-nces. The outdoor treatment in Watkins’ opinion is the most valuable remedy known as yet in the treatment of puerperal infection. Tlie beneficial effects of that treatment in his cases have been very noticeable, especially as regards improvement in appetite, sleep, temperature and pulse. Two quarts is the minimum amount of fluid which is given to promote elimination. Stim¬ ulants are not used, as rest, not action, is desired. Anodynes or hypnotics are given in moderation to relieve pain and to procure a minimum amount of six hours’ sleep. Watkins believes that fresh air and sun baths are good substitutes for tonics. An ice-bag is kept over the lower part of the abdo¬ men during the acute period of the disease, and the head of the bed is elevated to promote drainage. As the pathology in the pelvis is of secondary importance, the local treatment is of relatively little value. Watkins believes that much of the local treatment that physicians still use quite generally is productive of much, harm and is of little benefit. Vaginal and intra uterine douches and medic¬ inal applications are harmful, meddlesome and useless pro¬ cedures that are of historic interest only. As to whether all products of conception be forcibly removed from the infected uterus, Watkins says, continues to be a debatable question. Never to explore or empty the uterus except for hemorrhage seems to Watkins to be consistent with the modern interpretation of infection and immunity. The infected uterus if left alone will soon spontaneously expel any retained products of conception. There is no evidence that the presence of such tissue increases the growth or virulence of the more dangerous bacteria. Emptying of the uterus removes most of the bacteria of decomposition, but they are not of much importance as regards morbidity or mortality. In the so-called saprophytic cases one can never exclude with cer¬ tainty the presence of pathogenic bacteria. It is not an uncommon observation to see a normal temperature with retained decomposing tissue in the uterus. Curetting with the finger or instrument produces raw surfaces, disseminates the infection, may dislodge septic thrombi and thus produce embolic infections and pelvic inflammatory exudates. In case of hemorrhage, which means separation of the decidua or pla¬ centa, a gauze pack in the vagina or in the lower uterine seg¬ ment will stop the bleeding and hasten spontaneous expulsion of the retained tissue. The gauze thus employed interferes with drainage and increases the absorption of toxins, but its use is the choice of the lesser of two evils. The infliction of traumatism on the infected uterus by forcibly emptying it is inconsistent with the modern treatment of infected wounds, and is an inheritance of a dangerous tradition which was based on a false pathology. Watkins reports 100 cases dating back eight years when operative interference was discontinued, except in individual instances. Nearly all the patients were the severely infected ones who are usually referred to a hospital. Of the 100 patients, ninety-one recovered and nine died. Seven of the fatal cases had generalized peritonitis and were in an appar¬ ently hopeless condition on admission to the hospital. One died from large multilocular pelvic abscesses, which were incised and drained and terminated in generalized peritonitis and death. The other death was from a general hemolyzing streptococcus infection with numerous mycotic abscesses. Vaginal section was made twelve times for exploration and drainage. Seven of the patients thus treated were in the first twenty of the series, and only five of the patients out of the last eighty were so treated. Forty-nine of the patients had pelvic exudates, which varied in size from slight indurations to masses that extended from the pelvic floor to the umbilicus. The relatively large number of these exudates is accounted for by the fact that most of the patients had been curetted one or more times and had become desperately ill before they were sent to the hospital. None of these exudates have required incision and drainage. These exudates had practically all disappeared at the time the patient left the hospital, after an average stay of between three and four weeks. The exudates have shown very little tendency to absorb while the fever existed. When the tem¬ perature became normal, i. e., when the exudate became sterile, absorption took place rapidly. J9 Six of the patients were subjected to abdominal section. All of these operations proved to be mistakes in diagnosis or surgical judgment. Three of them were of special interest. In two a large solid inflammatory exudate with extensive intestinal involvement was found. The abdomen was closed in both cases without disturbing the exudate. In both of the eases the exudate had entirely disappeared when the patient left the hospital about four weeks later. In one of these patients an abdominal section was made for suspected tubal pregnancy. The section revealed the presence of a streptococ¬ cus abscess involving the top of the left broad ligament, the ovary and the tube. Incision of the diseased tissue was easily YOLl MK I/XI Nr.Miir.u 10 CURRENT MEDICAL LITERATURE 1487 1 ' { made without much contamination of adjacent surfaces. Although this patient had practically no fever and was not very ill before operation, after the section she had a tempera¬ ture of 103 F. to 105 F., had extensive suppuration and sloughing, and was for weeks dangerously sick. The indica¬ tions are that this patient without operation would have made an easy, quick and complete recovery. Sixty of the patients were treated by supportive treatment only; in most of the other patients the treatment consisted chiefly in the use of remedies to increase the body resistance. In many of the patients the temperature curve has been peculiar in that the fever would be relatively high for periods of two or three days, with intervals of much lower average temperature for about the same time. This peculiar fever, Watkins believes, was probably due to remittent escape of bacteria into the blood-stream. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal September 25, CL XIX, No. is, pp. 10 * Needs of Future in Hospital Administration. F. A. Wash¬ burn. Boston. It Atrophic Rhinitis with Ozena: Its Etiology and Surgical Treatment. F. P. Emerson, Boston. 13- Spinal Abscesses. J. K. Young, Philadelphia. 1 :{ Size of Hospitals for Insane and Feeble-Minded. W. M. Smith, England. 14 ‘Classification of Nephritis from Pathologic Point of View. F. B. Mallory, Brookline, Mass. 15 ‘Significance of Urinary Acidity in Nephritis. W. W. Palmer, Boston. 10 Clinical Functional Tests, Methods. E. E. Young, Boston. 17 Nitrogenous Waste Products in Blood in Nephritis. O. Folin and W. Denis, Boston. IS General Summary of Significance of Methods of Testing Renal Function. H. A. Christian, Boston. 1!) New Antrum Knife. O. A. Lothrop, Boston. October 2, No. H, pp. 185-520 20 Indications for and Relative Values of Tonsillotomy and Tonsillectomy. J. E. Goodale, Boston. 21 ‘Rational Treatment of Genito-Urinary Tuberculosis. It. F. O’Neil and J. B. Hawes, Boston. 22 Observations on Series of Ninety-Eight. Consecutive Operations for Chronic Appendicitis. E. A. Codman, Boston. 23 Case of Infection with Nocardia. A. E. Steele, and It. I. Eee, Boston. 24 Relief of Earache and Induction of Operative Anesthesia by Infiltration of Auriculotemporal and Tympanic (Jacob¬ son’s) Nerves. P. G. Skillern, Philadelphia. 10. Needs of Future in Hospital Administration. The chief of a medical or surgical service, Washburn says, can no longer give what the modern hospital requires by visiting his patients for an hour or two daily. The hospital should demand that each chief shall devote at least a half of each day to its service; that private practice shall be secondary. The ideal chief of service should have youth, yet his judgment must be mature; he must have vigor and enthusiasm. He must be just and generous in recognizing and promoting .the efforts of his subordinates. He should be able to plan pieces of investigation for his staff- and stimulate their accomplishment. He should see to it that the expensive “hospital days” are not wasted either by patients waiting the convenience of the surgeon for operation or by unnecessary stay in the hospital for sepsis. He would pay such men adequate salaries. His message to the larger hospitals is: Hive more attention to medical and surgical efficiency and to that end get the right men for chiefs of service and pay them adequately to devote a large measure of time to the hospital. He believes that too many small hospitals arc started with¬ out adequate provision for their support. The result is a constant struggle and a probable attempt to make the unfor¬ tunate nurse in charge carry a greater burden than anyone should be asked to carry, both in hours of work and respon¬ sibility. He urges that medical men use their influence against the starting of a hospital until it has been clearly shown that it is necessary; that the location suggested best meets the need; that there is adequate support in evidence, and that its conduct is in the hands of those whose ideals are high and whose methods are practical. 14. Classification of Nephritis.— In studying the lesions of the kidney, Mallory states it is important to bear in mind (hat it is composed of a large number of small units. Hver\ unit consists of an afferent vessel, and of a glomerulus com¬ posed of a knot of capillaries, and of a tubule. The blind invaginated end of the tubule is applied to the surface of the glomerulus. Its actual beginning is known as the cap¬ sular space. In addition to these four main structures of a unit there is an efferent vessel and a network of capillaries derived from it and surrounding the tubule. These vessels are of minor importance. A little connective tissue surrounds the vessels and tubule and extends in small amounts into the glomerulus. Of these different structures in a unit the glomerulus, where blood-vessel and epithelium are in close association, seems the most susceptible to the action yf injurious agents. If any of the four essential parts of a renal unit is destroyed, the other three in time atrophy and cease to function. Each part is useless without the other three. In order to understand the lesions of the kidney, Mallory says, it is necessary to separate it into its units and study the effect of injurious agents on each part of the unit. The toxic lesions of the kidney are best classified on an anatomic basis, i. e. according to the part of the renal unit most affected. This classification gives four groups which form the type lesions; they are as follows: 1. Tubular neph¬ ritis. 2. Capsular glomerulonephritis. 3. Intracapillary glom¬ erulonephritis. 4. Vascular nephritis (arteriosclerosis). Each one of these varieties may occur practically in pure form, but the first three may be, and often are, combined in varying proportions. Whether the first three can be recognized clin¬ ically as three distinct types, Mallory believes, is doubtful. While usually acute, they also occur in subacute and chronic form; vascular nephritis is always chronic. 15. Urinary Acidity in Nephritis. — Palmer has reached the conclusion that mild states of acidoses not infrequently occur in nephritis, and other unsuspected cases and that the thera¬ peutic use of alkali (in such quantity as to reduce the urinary acidity to that of blood) is often desirable. He also believed that the deviation from the normal of the kidney function in acid excretion is important both in differential diagnosis an I prognosis. 21. Treatment of Genito-Urinary Tuberculosis.— The authors advocate the judicial combination of surgery, proper hygiene, tuberculin and the careful consideration of the individual needs of each patient. They report on twenty-four cases of renal tuberculosis in which nephrectomy was performed. Only one patient died. The others are improving. Delaware State Medical Journal, Wilmington Atif/tist, IV, No. 9, pp. 1-26 25 Needs of Crippled Children in State of Delaware. D. <’. McMuftrie, New York. Indiana State Medical Association Journal, Fort Wayne September, VI, No. 9, pp. 385-536 26 Details of Abdominal Surgery. T. B. Eastman, Indianapolis. 27 Acute Appendicitis. E. R. Royer, North Salem. | 22,425 |
https://github.com/imageVote/wouldyourather_phonegap/blob/master/www/~commons/modules/report/lang/ta.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | Unlicense | 2,017 | wouldyourather_phonegap | imageVote | JavaScript | Code | 21 | 150 | $.extend(window.lang_ta, {
"Feedback": "உங்கள் கருத்துடன் எங்களுக்கு உதவுங்கள்!",
"niceQuestion": "நல்ல கேள்வி!",
"badGrammar": "தவறான இலக்கணம்",
"vulgarWords": "மோசமான வார்த்தைகள்",
"thanksFeedback": "தங்கள் கருத்துகளுக்கு நன்றி!",
}); | 14,115 |
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew%C5%82aszewski | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Jewłaszewski | https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewłaszewski&action=history | Polish | Spoken | 20 | 51 | Osoby o tym nazwisku:
Jarosz Jewłaszewski – polski urzędnik
Kazimierz Ludwik Jewłaszewski – polski urzędnik
Makary Jewłaszewski – prawosławny biskup | 42,847 |
https://github.com/diguage/leetcode/blob/master/src/main/java/com/diguage/algorithm/leetcode/_0018_4Sum.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,021 | leetcode | diguage | Java | Code | 442 | 1,040 | package com.diguage.algorithm.leetcode;
import java.util.*;
/**
* = 18. 4Sum
*
* https://leetcode.com/problems/4sum/description/[4Sum - LeetCode]
*
* Given an array `nums` of n integers and an integer `target`, are there
* elements `a`, `b`, `c`, and `d` in `nums` such that `a + b + c + d = target`?
* Find all unique quadruplets in the array which gives the sum of target.
*
* == Note
*
* The solution set must not contain duplicate quadruplets.
*
* .Example:
* [source]
* ----
* Given array nums = [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2], and target = 0.
*
* A solution set is:
* [
* [-1, 0, 0, 1],
* [-2, -1, 1, 2],
* [-2, 0, 0, 2]
* ]
* ----
*
* @author D瓜哥, https://www.diguage.com/
* @since 2018-07-15 00:58
*/
public class _0018_4Sum {
/**
* Runtime: 4 ms, faster than 94.46% of Java online submissions for 4Sum.
*
* Memory Usage: 40.7 MB, less than 52.17% of Java online submissions for 4Sum.
*/
public List<List<Integer>> fourSum(int[] nums, int target) {
int numCount = 4;
if (Objects.isNull(nums) || nums.length < numCount) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
Arrays.sort(nums);
int length = nums.length;
if (target < numCount * nums[0] || numCount * nums[length - 1] < target) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
List<List<Integer>> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < length - 3; i++) {
if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
for (int j = i + 1; j < length - 2; j++) {
if (j > i + 1 && nums[j] == nums[j - 1]) {
continue;
}
int twoSumTarget = target - nums[i] - nums[j];
int minTwoSum = nums[j + 1] + nums[j + 2];
int maxTwoSum = nums[length - 1] + nums[length - 2];
if (twoSumTarget < minTwoSum || maxTwoSum < twoSumTarget) {
continue;
}
for (int m = j + 1, n = length - 1; m < n; ) {
int twoSum = nums[m] + nums[n];
if (twoSum < twoSumTarget) {
while (m < n && nums[m] == nums[m + 1]) {
m++;
}
m++;
} else if (twoSumTarget < twoSum) {
while (m < n && nums[n - 1] == nums[n]) {
n--;
}
n--;
} else {
result.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[j], nums[m], nums[n]));
while (m < n && nums[m] == nums[m + 1]) {
m++;
}
m++;
while (m < n && nums[n - 1] == nums[n]) {
n--;
}
n--;
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
_0018_4Sum solution = new _0018_4Sum();
List<List<Integer>> r1 = solution.fourSum(new int[]{1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2}, 0);
System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(r1.toArray()));
}
}
| 5,144 |
https://github.com/smendez-axway/iron/blob/master/iron-core/src/test/java/io/axway/iron/core/internal/SnapshotPostProcessorTest.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,020 | iron | smendez-axway | Java | Code | 290 | 1,147 | package io.axway.iron.core.internal;
import java.util.function.*;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import io.axway.iron.error.UnrecoverableStoreException;
import io.axway.iron.spi.model.snapshot.SerializableSnapshot;
import static io.axway.iron.core.internal.SnapshotPostProcessor.updateVersionAndCheckConsistency;
import static io.axway.iron.spi.model.snapshot.SerializableSnapshot.SNAPSHOT_MODEL_VERSION;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
public class SnapshotPostProcessorTest {
@Test
public void shouldSucceedWhenInitializionSnapshotToAppModelVersion() {
assertThat(updateVersionAndCheckConsistency(-1L, 5L, "shouldSucceed because the applicationVersion was not yet initialized"))
.as("Whenever the Version is not initialized we can set it").isEqualTo(5L);
}
@Test(expectedExceptions = UnrecoverableStoreException.class)
public void shouldFailwhenUpdatingSnapshotToOtherVersion() {
updateVersionAndCheckConsistency(8L, 88L, "should fail because the applicationModelVersion are not consistent between the stores");
}
@Test
public void shouldReturn0WhenNoApplicationVersionDefined() {
SnapshotPostProcessor snapshotPostProcessor = new SnapshotPostProcessor((snapshot, storeName) -> snapshot);
assertThat(snapshotPostProcessor.getConsistentApplicationModelVersion()).isEqualTo(0L);
}
@Test
public void shouldSucceedWhenValidatingPostProcessingIdentity() {
// Given: a snapshot
SerializableSnapshot initialSnapshot = new SerializableSnapshot();
long snapshotModelVersion = 5L;
initialSnapshot.setApplicationModelVersion(snapshotModelVersion);
initialSnapshot.setSnapshotModelVersion(SNAPSHOT_MODEL_VERSION);
SnapshotPostProcessor snapshotPostProcessor = new SnapshotPostProcessor((snapshot, storeName) -> snapshot);
// When: post processing it
SerializableSnapshot finalSnapshot = snapshotPostProcessor.apply("shouldSucceedWhenValidatingPostProcessingIdentity", initialSnapshot);
// Then: the identity post processing should not have change the application model version
assertThat(snapshotPostProcessor.getConsistentApplicationModelVersion()).isEqualTo(snapshotModelVersion);
assertThat(finalSnapshot.getApplicationModelVersion()).as("ApplicationModelVersion should not have changed by the post processing")
.isEqualTo(snapshotModelVersion);
}
@Test
public void shouldSucceedWhenValidatingPostProcessingUpdatingApplicationModelVersion() {
// Given: a snapshot
SerializableSnapshot initialSnapshot = new SerializableSnapshot();
long initialSnapshotModelVersion = 8L;
long finalSnapshotModelVersion = 9L;
initialSnapshot.setApplicationModelVersion(initialSnapshotModelVersion);
initialSnapshot.setSnapshotModelVersion(SNAPSHOT_MODEL_VERSION);
// When: post processing it
BiFunction<SerializableSnapshot, String, SerializableSnapshot> updateTheApplicationModelVersion = (snapshot, storeName) -> {
snapshot.setApplicationModelVersion(finalSnapshotModelVersion);
return snapshot;
};
SnapshotPostProcessor snapshotPostProcessor = new SnapshotPostProcessor(updateTheApplicationModelVersion);
SerializableSnapshot finalSnapshot = snapshotPostProcessor.apply("shouldSucceedWhenValidatingPostProcessingIdentity", initialSnapshot);
// Then: the post processing simulate an upgrade of the model should change the application model version
assertThat(snapshotPostProcessor.getConsistentApplicationModelVersion()).isEqualTo(finalSnapshotModelVersion);
assertThat(finalSnapshot.getApplicationModelVersion()).as("ApplicationModelVersion should be updated").isEqualTo(finalSnapshotModelVersion);
}
@Test(expectedExceptions = UnrecoverableStoreException.class)
public void shouldFailWhenValidatingPostProcessingUpdatingApplicationModelVersion() {
// Given: a snapshot
SerializableSnapshot initialSnapshot = new SerializableSnapshot();
long initialSnapshotModelVersion = 10L;
long finalSnapshotModelVersion = 9L;
initialSnapshot.setApplicationModelVersion(initialSnapshotModelVersion);
initialSnapshot.setSnapshotModelVersion(SNAPSHOT_MODEL_VERSION);
// When: post processing it
BiFunction<SerializableSnapshot, String, SerializableSnapshot> updateTheApplicationModelVersion = (snapshot, storeName) -> {
snapshot.setApplicationModelVersion(finalSnapshotModelVersion);
return snapshot;
};
SnapshotPostProcessor snapshotPostProcessor = new SnapshotPostProcessor(updateTheApplicationModelVersion);
// Then: the post processing should fail because decrease the application model version
snapshotPostProcessor.apply("shouldSucceedWhenValidatingPostProcessingIdentity", initialSnapshot);
}
}
| 1,021 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17173730 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | تاجالمصادر | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 15 | 86 | تاجالمصادر
تاجالمصادر شناسۀ نمودار قاب دانش گوگل /g/1q5h_cpfb
Тоҷу-л-масодир
Тоҷу-л-масодир шиносаи Google Knowledge Graph /g/1q5h_cpfb | 28,247 |
s5livingage02bostuoft_36 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,844 | Living Age | None | English | Spoken | 7,126 | 9,154 | One of the Jesuit priests, Pere Olivaint, who, four days later, was massacred in the terrible carnage of the Rue Haxo, had, however, secretly brought into the prison a little food, which had been con- veyed to him by his friends while impris- oned at Mazas. During the brief time of recreation, he was able to obtain access to the Arch- bishop, and, kneeling on the ground be- side him, he fed him with a small piece of cake and a tablet of chocolate ; and this was all the nourishment the poor old man received during the forty-eight hours he passed at La Roquette. Pere Olivaint comforted him also with the promise of the highest consolation he could have in the hour of death, as he knew that he would have it in his power to give him the holy Viaticum at the last supreme mo- ment. Four portions of the reserved Sacrament had been conveyed to the priest, when in Mazas, in a little common card-box, which I saw at the Jesuits' house in the Rue de Sevres, where it is pre- served as a precious relic, and this he had succeeded in bringing concealed on his breast to La Roquette. It had been intended that this day, the 23rd, should witness the murder of the hostages, and the order was, in fact, given for the immediate execution of the whole of the prisoners who had been brought in the evening before ; but the Director, shrinking in horror from the task, suc- ceeded in evading it, at least for a time, by pretending that there was an infor- mality in the order. This day passed over, therefore, leaving them all still alive, but without the smallest hope of ulti- mate rescue. In the course of tlie afternoon the Archbishop's intercourse with Monsieur Bonjean having been discovered, he was moved into cell No. 23, which we now went on to see. On our way towards it, the gardien took us down a side passage, and, opening a door, introduced us into a gallery, which we found formed part o£ 296 LA ROQUETTE, 24TH MAY, 187] the chapel, and was the place from which the prisoners of this corridor heard mass. Just opposite to us, on the same side with the High Altar, was a sort of balcony, enclosed by boards painted black and white, and surmounted by a cross, in which the ^^r(^/<?;; told us criminals con- demned to death were placed to hear the mass offered for them just before their execution. " Was the Archbishop allowed to come here for any service ? " I asked. " Monseigneur ! no, indeed ! to per- form any religious duty was the last thing they would have allowed him to do. He was never out of his cell but once, and that was on the morning of the day he died. I will show you afterwards where he went then. Voi/d notre brave atuno- nier^'' continued the gardien, pointing to an old priest who was sitting at a table in the body of the church, with two of the convicts seated beside him ; "he is such a kind friend to all those wretches, but, unfortunately, he was at Mazas when Monseigneur was here." He now took us back to the Archbish- op's last abode. The door of cell No. 23, unlike those of all the others which stood open, was not only closed, but heavily barred and bolted. " This cell," said the gardien, " has never been used or touched in any way since Monseigneur occupied it — it has been kept in precisely the same state as that in which he left it — the bed has not even been made ; you will see it exactly as it was when he rose from it at the call of those who summoned him out to die." It seemed at first rather doubtful whether we should see it, for the gardien had taken a key from his pocket while he was speaking, and was now trying to un- lock the door and open the many bolts, which were stiff and rusty from long dis- use. With the exertion of his utmost strength he could not for a long time move them all, and I thought, as the harsh grating noise of the slowly turning key echoed through the corridor, how terrible that sound must have been to the unfortunate Archbishop, when he last heard it, accompanied by coarse and cruel menaces shouted through the door, which told him it was opening to bring him out to a bitter death. 'Y\i^ gar- dien made so many ineffectual efforts before he succeeded, that I felt quite afraid it would not be possible for him to admit' us, and I said so to him, with an exclamation of satisfaction, when I saw the heavy bolts at last give way. He had by this time quite discovered the interest I took in the object of his own almost passionate veneration and love, and, turn- ing to me, he said, " Madame, I would have opened this door for you if I had been obliged to send for a locksmith to do it, for I see how you feel for our mar- tyred father ; but you may well be con- tent to gain admission to this cell, for thousands have asked to see it and have been refused. I am sole guardian of it, and I keep the key by my side all day^ and under my pillow at night, and those only enter here who have some strong claim for admission." He threw open the door as he spoke, standing back to let me pass, and I went in. Such as it was, however, the Archbishop, faint and faihng in the long death-agony which began for him when he entered La Roquette, had been fain to stretch upon it his worn-out frame and aching limbs — but not to sleep, for the gardien believed he never closed his eyes in that his last I LA ROQUETTE, 24TII MAY, 187] 297 night on earth. It was strictly true that everything had been religiously preserved in the precise state in which he left it — we could see that the bed had not been touched ; the pillov/ was still displaced, as it had been by the uneasy movements of the poor grey head that assuredly had found no rest thereon, and the woollen cover was still thrown back, just as the Archbishop's own hand had flung it off when he rose at the call of his murderers, to look for the last time on the face of God's fair sun. '' Et il faisait un si beau temps," as an eye-witness said of that day. " Mon Dieu ! quelle belle journde de printemps nous avions ce maudit vingt-quatre Mai ! " One happy recollection alone relieves the atmosphere of cruelty and hate which seems to hang round the stone walls of this death-chamber — for it was here on that last morning that the Archbishop re- ceived from the hands of Pere Olivaint the Sacred Food, in the strength of which he was to go that same day even to the Mount of God. From here, too, in the early morning of the 24th, he went to gain the only breath of fresh air which he was allowed to breathe at La Roquette. During the usual half-hour's recreation permitted to the convicts, he. descended with the rest into the first courtyard, and there one other moment of consolation came to him, which brightened the Via Dolorosa he was treading, with a last gleam of joy. Monsieur Bonjean, who shared with him his prison and his death, had been in the days of his life and liberty a determined unbeliever ; but since he came into the Ddpot des Condamnds he had been seen on every possible occasion in close con- versation with the P^re Clerc, one of the doomed priests '; and on this morning, as the Archbishop, unable from weakness to walk about, leant for support against the raihng of a stair. Monsieur Bonjean came up, and, stretching out his hands to him with a smile, prayed Monseigneur to bless him, for, he said, he had seen the Truth standing, as it were, at the right hand of Death, and he, too, was about to depart in the faith of Christ. It was a relief to remember that these last rays of sunshine had gleamed for the old roan through the very shadow of death, amid the terribly painful associations of the place in which I stood, and the gar- den waited patiently while I lingered, thinking of it all ; at last, however, as he was stooping over the bed, showing me where the outline of the weary form that had lain on it could still be traced, he said, in a very aggrieved tone — " Look what an Englishman did, who was allowed to enter here : when I had turned my head away just for one mo- ment, he robbed me of this ; " and he showed me that a little morsel of the woollen cover had been torn off, no doubt to be kept as a sacred relic. " I was just going to ask you if I might take a little piece of the straw on which Monseigneur lay," I said. " By all means," answered the gardien; " you are most welcome." I took a very small quantity, and was turning to go away, when he said — "Would you not like some more? Why have you taken so little ? " " Because, as you spoke of an English- man's depredations, I did not want to make you complain of an Englishwoman too." " I did not know you vrere English," he said, looking sharply round at me ; and I felt afraid I should have cause to regret the admission, for I had discov- ered, during my residence in Paris, that the children of " perfide Albion " are not by any means in the good graces of Frenchmen, at the present juncture. In the commencement of the war it was the popular belief amongst them that their ally of the old Crimean days would cer- tainly come forward to succour France in her terrible strait, and they have not yet forgiven us, if they ever do, for our strict maintenance of neutrality. The gardieti, however, after the first moment of evident annoyance, seemed to make up his mind to overlook my nation- aHty, and gave me a generous handful of straw, before he once more locked up the cell, telling me that no one would ever be allowed to occupy it again. An open door, a few steps farther on, led into that which had been appropriated to Monsieur Deguerry, Cure of the Madeleine, and as I glanced into it I saw a fairly comforta- ble bed, with good sheets and blankets.^ " How much better Monsieur Deguerry was lodged than the Archbishop," I said to the gardien. "Every one was better lodged than Monseigneur," he answered : " cette ca- nuille de Conumme did all they could to make him suffer from first to last." On this fatal day, the 24th of May, the rapid successes of the Versaillais showed the authorities of the Commune that the term of their power might almost be numbered by hours, and these hours they determined should be devoted to revenge 298 LA ROQUETTE, 24TH MAY, 1871. for their recognized defeat. At six o'clock in the evening an order came to the Di- rector of La Roquette for the instant ex- ecution of the whole body of prisoners who had been brought from Mazas, to the number of sixty. Once more the Director remonstrated, not as on the previous day, on the ground of informality, but because of the whole- sale nature of the intended massacre. Messages on this subject went to and fro between the prison and the mairie of the eleventh arrondissement, where the leading Communists were assembled, for the space of about an hour, and, finally, a compromise was effected — they agreed only to decimate the sixty condemned, on condition that they themselves chose the victims. It was known to all con- cerned that their rancour was chiefly di- rected against the priests — "those men who," as one of the sufferers remarked, " had inconvenienced this wicked world for eighteen hundred years " — but there were many of that detested class at La Roquette, and to the last moment none knew who would be chosen for death. At seven o'clock the executioners ar- rived, headed by Ferrd, Lolive, and others — it was a confused assemblage of National Guards, Garibaldians, and "^vengeurs de la R^publique," and they were accompanied by women of the pd- troleuse stamp, and by numbers of the *' gamins de Paris," who were, through- out the whole reign of the Commune, more than any others absolutely insa- tiable for blood. Up the prison stairs they swarmed, this dreadful mob, shouting threats and curses, with every opprobrious epithet they could apply to the prisoners, and especially to the Archbishop. Ferrd and the other ringleaders advanced into the corridor and the gardien showed me where they stood in the vacant space on the left side facing the row of cells which contained their victims. Then in a loud voice, the list of doomed men was read out : — , "Georges Darboy — se disant servi- teur d'un nommd Dieu " — and the door of the cell I had just seen was thrown open, and the Archbishop of Paris came out, wearing the purple soutane which now, stained with blood and riddled with balls, is preserved in the Cathedral of Notre Dame. He walked forward, stood before his executioners, and meekly bowed his head in silence, as the sen- tence of death Avas read to him. " Gis- pard Degucrry " was next called, with the same blasphemous formula ; and the" Cur^ of the Madeleine, whose eighty years of blameless life might well have gained him the right to pass by gentler means to the grave which must in any case have been so near, responded to the summons. " Ldon Ducoudray, of the Company of Jesus," a tall, fine-looking man passed from his cell, and stood look- ing with a smile of quiet contempt on his murderers. He had been rector of the School of St. Genevieve, and had done much for the cause of education. " Alexis Clerc, of the same Company." It was with a light step and a bright look of joy that this priest answered tlie omi- nous call, for his one ambition all his life had been to attain to the glory of martyr- dom, and he saw that the consummation of his longing desires was close at hand. " Michel Allard, ambulance chaplain," and a gentle, kindly-looking man stepped forward, whose last days had been spent in assuaging the pangs of those wh© were yet to suffer less than himself. " Louis Bonjean, President de la Cour de Cassation." Some private spite proba- bly dictated the addition of this layman to the list of the condemned, but with his name the fatal number was filled up, and the order was given to the prisoners to march at once to execution. They were left free to walk side by side as they pleased on that last path of pain, and with touch- ing consideration the Archbishop chose Monsieur Bonjean as his companion, claiming from him the support his own physical weakness so sorely needed, while he strengthened the soul of the new-made convert with noble words of faith and courage. The Curd of the Mad- eleine followed, supported on either side by the Fathers Ducoudray and Clerc, for he alone of the six doomed men showed any sign of fear ; but it was a mere pass- ing tremor, pardonable, indeed, in one so Monsieur Allard came prayers alone, and reciting aged and feeble, next, walkinc^ in a low voice. Determined as the Communists were to consummate their cruel deed, they were, it seemed, not only ashamed of it, but afraid of the consequences, for they did not dare to take their victims out by the principal entrance, but made them go down a small turning staircase in o»e of the side turrets. Pere Ducoudray had his breviary in his hand, and as they passed through a room where the concierge was standing, he gave it to him in order that it might not fall into the hands of any of the pro- LA ROQUETTE, 24TII MAY, 187 1. 299 fane rabble around, and told him to keep it for himself. The porter took it, glad to have some remembrance of so good a man, but the captain of the firing party h?A seen what had passed, and with an oath he snatched the book from the man's hand and flung it on the fire. When they had all gone out, the concierge rescued it from the flames, in which it was only partly consumed, and I saw It, where it is still religiously preserved in the house of the Rue de S6vres, with its half-burned pages and scorched binding. The condemned were led down three or four steps into the first of the two nar- row courtyards which, as I said, surround three sides of the prison, and it was ori- ginally intended that they should on this spot suffer death. While the firing-party made ready, the Archbishop placed himself on the lowest step, in arder to say a few words of pity and pardon to his executioners. As the gardien showed me with much minute detail where and how Monseigneur stood, I inquired if it was true that two of his assassins had knelt at his feet to ask his blessing ? " Yes," he answered, " it was perfectly true, but they were not allowed to re- main many instants on their knees. Monsiegneur had time to say that he for- gave them, but not to bless them, as he wished, before with blows and threats they were made to start to their feet, and the Archbishop was ordered' to go and place himself against the wall, that he might die." But at the moment when the con- demned were about to range themselves in line, the Communists perceived that they were just below the windows of the Infirmary, and that the sick prisoners were looking out upon the scene. Even before the eyes of these poor convicts they did not dare to complete their deed of darkness, and the prisoners v/ere ordered to retrace their steps down the long courtyard that they might be taken into the outer one, and there at last meet their fate. I could measure what a long weary way they had thus to go, in those av/ful moments, when they had believed the bitterness of death was almost already past ; for we walked slowly down the stone-paved path they trod, while the i^ardien detailed to me every little inci- dent of the mournful journey — how on one spot P(^rc Ducoudray saw a prisoner, whom he knew well, making signs of pas- sionate anguish at his fate, from an upper window, and, smiling, waved his hand to him, like one who sends back a gay fare- well to holiday friends upon the shore, when he is launching out on a summer sea, to take a voyage of pleasure — and how, a little farther on, the Archbishop had cast such a gentle look of pity on a man who was uttering blasphemies in his ear, that it awoke enough compunction m the heart of the leading Communist to make him say with sternness to the rabble, " We are here to shoot these men, and not to insult them," — and how at last, as they came in sight of the place of execution, P^re Clerc tore open his sou- tane^ that his generous heart might re- ceive uncovered the fiery messengers which brought him the martyr's death he had wooed so long and won at last. They had to pass through a gate lead- ing to the outer enclosure, and here there was another painful delay, while the key was procured from the interior of the prison, to unlock it ; and as soon as we, too, had crossed this barrier, and come to the entrance of the second chemin de ronde on the right side, we knew that the last scene of the tragedy was before us, for on the dark stone wall at the end there stood out in strong relief a white marble slab surmounted by a cross. We walked towards it over the stones which paved the centre, while against the wall on either side were borders of flow- ers which had evidently been cultivated with great care. I asked the gardien if these blooming plants had been growing there when the victims and their execu- tioners passed along. " No," he said, " there was nothing of what you see now. I planted these myself afterwards, and I tend them daily — it is a little mark of honour to this holy place." And holy, in truth, it seemed, for it was like walking up the nave of a cathedral tov/ards an altar of sacrifice as we advanced nearer and nearer to the goal. When we were within about twenty paces of the end, the gardien put his hand on my arm and stop- ped me, pointing downwards. I saw at my feet a stone gutter which — how or why I knew not — was stained dark and red. " Here the firing-party took up their position," he said; "you see how close they were to the victims.'' He went a little aside, and placing himself against the angle of the prison wall, " Here Ferrd stood," he continued, "as with a loud voice he gave the order to tlie National Guards to fire." Finally the gardien walked a few steps farther on, and taking off his hat, he held it in his hand, and 300 LA ROQUETTE, 24TH MAY, 187] inade the sign of the cross, while he said, " And here ." Then he was silent, and there was no need that he should fin- ish his sentence ; the gentleman who was with me uncovered also, and not a word was spoken by any of us for some minutes. What we saw was this — a very high wall of dark stone which, at a distance of about five feet from the ground, was deeply marked with the traces of balls which must have struck it in vast numbers with- in the space of a few yards from right to left, and in the centre of the portion thus indelibly scored was the white marble slab we had seen from the other end. I could now read the inscription engraved upon it, which was as follows : — Respect a ce lieu, Temoin de la mort des nobles et saintes victimes du xxiv. Mai, MDCCCLXXi. Monseigneur Darboy, Georges, Archeveque de Paris. Monsieur Bonjeah, Louis, President de la Cour de Cassation. Monsieur Deguerry, Gaspard, Cure de la Madeleine. Le P^re Ducoudray, Leon, de la compagnie de Jesus. Le Pere Clerc, Alexis, de la compagnie de J^sus. Monsieur Allard, Michel, aumonier d'ambu- lance. Below, four cypresses had been planted, enclosing the oblong space where the vfc- tims stood ; the two nearest to the wall ]iad completely withered away, as though they refused to live and flourish on the very spot where the innocent blood had been shed, but the other two were fresh and vigorous, and had sent out many a strong green shoot, seeming to symbolize, as it were, those lives transplanted to that other clime where they might yet revive in the free airs of Paradise, to die no more. When we had stood some time in the midst of the pecuhar stillness which seemed all around this solemn place, the gardien gave me a few details of the final moments. He said that the con- demned men were placed in a line with their backs to the wall where the bullet marks now were : Monsieur Bonjean stood first on the right, P6re Clerc next to him, Monsieur Deguerry followed, on whose other side was P^re Ducoudray, then the Archbishop, and, last. Monsieur Allard. At the moment when Ferrd gave the order to fire, Monseigneur raised his right hand, in order with his last breath to give the blessing to his ex- 1 ecutioners ; as he did so, Lolive, who stood with the firing-party, though not one of the appointed assassins, exclaim- ed, " That is your benediction, is it ? then here is mine ! " and fired his revolver straight at the old man's heart. Then came the volley, twice repeated. The two Jesuit priests were the first to fall. Monsieur Deguerry sunk on his knees, and from thence lifeless to the ground. Monsieur Allard did the same, but sup- ported himself in a kneehng position against the wall for an instant before he expired. Monsieur Bonjean had a mo- ment of terrible convulsion, which left him a distorted heap on the earth ; the Archbishop was the last to remain up- right. I asked the gardien if he had lin- gered at all in his agony, and he an- swered, "Not an instant — he was al- ready dead when he fell — as they all were." Requiescant in pace ! In the dead of night the six mangled bodies were thrown upon a hurdle and conveyed to the cemetery of P^re la Chaise, where they arrived at three in the morning ; and there, without coffins, or ceremony of any kind, they were thrown one on the top of another into a trench which had been opened at the south-east angle of the burial-place, close to the wall. There they were found, four days later, by the troops of Versailles when they came to occupy the cemetery, and they at once removed the bodies. Monseigneur Darboy and Monsieur Deguerry were taken with a guard of honour to the Archevechd in the Rue de Crenelle, in order to be buried at Notre Dame ; the two Jesuit priests were sent to their own home. Rue de Sevres ; and Monsieur Bonjean and Monsieur Allard were left in the chapel of P^re la Chaise. Lolive, the Communist, to whose name is attached so terrible a memory, was still alive in the prison of Versailles at the moment when I stood on the spot where he uttered that last cruel insult to the defenceless Archbishop ; but only a few days later, on the i8th of last September, he expiated his crime at the butts of Sa- tory, and drank of that same bitter cup of death which he had held so roughly to those aged lips. There was nothing to detain us any longer amid those mournful scenes : as we turned to go away, the gardien gath- ered a little sprig of heliotrope and some pansies from the spot where the Arch- bishop died, and gave them to me ; and when I thanked him for the minuteness of detail by which he had enabled me to INNOCENT. 301 realize so vividly the whole great tragedy, he answered, " Madame, I have shown you everything I possibly could, for I honour those who know how to revere the memory of our murdered father." He took leave of us, and walked away. Then we went back the long distance to the gate, receiving silent salutations from the Director, the turnkey with whom I had first conversed, and the concierge — none of whom seemed to wish to hold any communication with us after we had been on that sad spot. One after another the great doors closed behind us, and we drove away. In another moment the dark frowning walls of La Roquette disappeared from our sight, and we went on into the gay bright world of Paris where still the sun was shining on the broad Boulevards, and merry chil- dren were playing in the gardens, and songs and laughter filled the air. F. M. F. Skene. From The Graphic. INNOCENT: A TALE OF MODERN LIKE. BY MRS. OLIPHANT, AUTHOR OF " SALEM CHAPEL," "thb minister's wife," "squire arden," etc. CHAPTER IV. THE FRIENDS OF THE FAMILY. This mysterious hint did not dwell upon Ellinor's mind as it might have done in the mind of a young person less occupied. I am afraid she was of a superficial way of thinking at this period of her existence, and rather apt to believe that people who made themselves unpleasant, or suggested uncomfortable mysteries were " in a bad humor," or '• put out about something ; " which indeed is a very excellent and safe explanation of many of the unpleasant speeches we make to each other, but yet not always to be depended upon. Mrs. Eastwood was " put out," for the rest of the day, and would give no heed to any of Nelly's preparations ; but, like the light- hearted soul she was, had thrown off the yoke by next morning. " Why should I take up Alice's opinions ? " she said half to herself. " Why, indeed ? " cried Nelly, eager to assist in the emancipation. " Alice is a good servant," Mrs. East- wood continued ; " most trustworthy, and as fond of you all as if you were her own " ( Sometimes she takes an odd way of showing it," interpolated Nelly), " and a great comfort to have about one ; but she has a very narrow, old-fashioned way of looking at things ; and why should I take up her superstitions, and act upon them ? " This speech was received with so" much applause by her daughter, that Mrs. East- wood immediately plunged into all the preparations which she had checked the day before ; and the ladies had a shop- ping expedition that very morning, and bought a great many things they had not thought of to make the room pretty. When people have " taste " and set their hearts upon making a room pretty, the operation is apt to become rather an ex- pensive one ; but this I must say, that mother and daughter most thoroughly en- joyed the work, and got at least value for their money in the pleasure it gave them. You will say that this was done more with the view of pleasing themselves than of showing regard to the poor little orphan who was to profit by all the luxuries pro- vided ; but human nature, so far as 1 know it, is a very complicated business, and has few impulses which are perfectly single and unmixed in their motives.' They cudgelled their brains to think what she would like. They summoned up be- fore them a picture of an art-loving, beau- ty-mad, Italian-born girl, unable to live without pictures and brightness. They went and roamed through all the Arundel Society collections to look for something from Pisa that would remind her of her home. They sacrificed a Raphael-print which had been hung in Mrs. Eastwood's own room, to her supposed necessities. Nelly made a careful selection of several morceaiix of china, such as went to her own heart, to decorate the mantelshelf. I don't deny they were like two overgrown schoolgirls over a bigger kind of doll's house ; but if you can be hard upon them for this admixture, I confess I cannot. When the room was finished, they went and looked at it three or four times in a day admiring it. They did not know any- thing about the future inmate, what sort of soul it might be who was coming to share their nest, to be received into their most intimate companionship. They decked the room according to a precon- ceived impression of her character ; and then they drew another more definite sketch ot her character, in accordance with the room. Thus they created their Innocent, these two women ; and how far she resembled the real Innocent the read- er will shortly see. Their life, however, in the meantime was not all engrossed in this occupation. 302 INNOCENT. 1 The Eastwoods were a popular family. They " wer.t out " a good deal, even in the dead season of the year, when fashion is not, and nobody, so to speak, is in town. Therci are a very tolerable amount of peo- ple in town even in November and De- cember. There are all the liw people of every degree ; there are all the people in public offices, especially those who are married. Among these two classes there are, the reader will perhaps not be sur- prised to hear, many, very many, excellent, highly-bred, well-connected persons who actually live in Lojidon. I am aware that in fashionable literature this fact is scarce- ly admitted, and everybody who is any- body is believed to visit town only during the season. But the great majority of the English nation consists of people who work more or less for their living, and of these a large number are always in Lon- don. The society of the Eastwoods con- sisted of this class. To be sure, Nelly had appeared at Lady Altamont's ball, in the very best of society, the year she came out ; and invitations did still arrive now and then during the season from that supernal sphere. But these occasional flights into the higher heavens did not in- terfere with the natural society which surrounded the Eastwoods for at least nine months of the year, from November, say, to July. Here were Nelly's young friends, and Mrs. Eastwood's old ones ; the advisers of the elder lady and the lov- ers of the younger. As for advisers, Mrs. Eastwood was very well off. She had a great many of them, and each fitted with his or her office. Mrs. Everard was, as it were, adviser in chief, privy councillor, keeper of the conscience, to her friend, who told her almost, if not quite, every- thing in which she was concerned. Un- der this great domestic officer there was Mr. Parchemin, once a great Chamber counsel, noted for his penetration into delicate cases of all kinds, who had re- tired into profound study of the art of in- vestment, which he practised only for the benefit of his friends. He was for the Finance department. The Rector of the parish, who had once been a highly-suc- cessful master in a public school, was her general adviser in respect to "the boys," selecting " coaches " for Dick, and " keep- ing an eye " upon him, and " taking an interest" in Jenny during the holidays. Mrs. Eastwood's third counsellor had, I am sorry to say, interested motives. He was a certain Major Railton, in one of the Scientific Corps, and was handy man to the household — for a consideration, which was Nelly. He had the hardest work of all the three — advice was less wanted from him than assistance. He never went so far as his club, poor man, or en- tered Bond Street, without a commission. He recommended tr-ide':;p2onI?, a id su- perintended, or at least i:iip:ctc-l, a-l the repairs done on the old house, besides suggesting improvements, which had to be carried out under his eye. Lastly, there was Mrs. Eastwood's rehgious ad- viser, or rather advisers ; there were two of them, and they were both ladies, — one, a sister belonging to one of the many sis- terhoods now existing in the English Church ; and the other an old lady from the north of Ireland, with all the Protest- antism peculiar to that privileged region. With this body of defenders Mrs. East- wood moved through life, not so heavily burdened after all as might be supposecl. She had a ready way of relieving herself when she felt the yoke. Though she re- ligiously asked their advice on all their special topics, and would even go so far as to acquiesce in their views, and thank them with tears in her eyes for being so good to her, she generally after all took her own way, which simplified matters amazingly. Since this was the case even with her privy councillor, the friend of her bosom, it is not to be wondered at if the others were used in the same way. Mr. Parchemin was the one whose advice she took most steadily, for she was deeply conscious that she knew nothing of busi- ness ; and Mr. Brotherton, the clergyman, who was the patron saint of the boys, was probably the one she minded least, for an exactly opposite reason. But the curious thing was, that even in neglecting their advice, she never alienated her counsel- lors — I suspect because our vanity is more entirely flattered by being consulted than our pride is hurt by having our coun- sel tacitly rejected. So much for the eld- er lady's share. Nelly, on her side, had a host of friends of her own age, with whom she was very popular, but no one who was exactly Pythias to her Damon, for the reason that she was old-fashioned enough to make her mother her chief companion. Let us clear the stage, how- ever, for something more important than a female Pythias. Nelly had — who can doubt it '^. — or her right to admission into these pages wonld have been very slight, a lover for whom the trumpets are now pre- parm^ to sound. Let us pause, however, for one moment to note a fact which is certainly curious. We all know the statistics that prove be- INNOCENT. 303 yond possibility of doubt that there are more women than men in the world — or, at least in the English world — and that, in the natural course of events, only thrce- fpurths, or four-fifths or some other mys- tcriou 5 proporuon, of English womjn can ever attciin the supreme glory and felicity of being married. Now, I do not dare to contradict figures. I have too much re- spect — not to say awe — of them. I only wish to ask, in all humility, how does it then happen that a great many women are offered the choice of two or three hus- bands, and that almost every nice young girl one knows has to shape her ways warily in certain complications of circum- stances, so as to keep everything smooth between some two at least, who devote to her the homage of their attentions ? I do not expect that any statistician will take the trouble to answer this question, but it is one deeply calculated to increase the mingled faith, incredulity, terror, and contempt with which I, like most people, regard that inexorable science. Nelly Eastwood was one of these anomalies and practical contradictions to all received law. She had no idea that she was flying in the face of statistics, or doing her best to stultify the most beautiful lines of fig- ures. Major Railton, of whom we have already spoken, was over thirty, which Nelly, not quite twenty, thought rather old ; but the other pretendant for Nelly's favour was not old. He was one of the class which has taken the place now-a- days of the knights and captains, the he- roes of the period. Not a conquering soldier or bold adventurer — a young bar- rister lately called to exercise that noble faculty, and prove black to be white and white black to the satisfaction of a British jury ; taut soit pen journalist, ready with his pen, ready with his tongue ; up, as the slang goes, to anything. His name was Molyneux, and his position as a briefless barrister was much modified by the fact that he was the son of the well- known Mr. Molyneux, whose fame and success at the bar had already indicated him one of the next new judges as soon as any piece of judicial ermine fell vacant. This changed in the most wonderful way the position of Ernest Molyneux, upon whose prospects no mother could frown, though indeed he had nothing, and earned ust enough to pay his tailor's bills. Ma- or Railton, too, was somewhat literary, as indeed most men are now-a-days. When anything was going on in the military world, he was good enough to communi- cate it to the public through the medium of the Daily Treasury. He had even been sent out by that paper on one or two occasions as its special correspondent. Naturally, he took a view of professional matters entirely opposed to the view taken by the correspondent of the Jupi- ter. The Major's productions were chiefly descriptive, and interspersed v;ith anec- dote. The barrister'r. were metaphysical, and of a very superior rncnt::! quality. He was fond of th::ology, when he could get at it, and of settling everything over again on a new basis. These were the two gentlemen who happened to meet in the drawing-room at The Elms, on one of these chilly afternoons, at the fire-light hour. This fashion of sitting without lights was one which both of them rather objected to, though they dared not ex- press their sentiments freely, as on a former occasion Frederick Eastwood had not hesitated to do. On a little table which stood before the fire was the tea- tray, with its sparkling china and little quaint old silver tea-pot, which glittered, too, in the ruddy light. This was the highest light in the darkling scene. Ma- jor Railton was seated quite in the shad- ow, near Mrs. Eastwood, to whom he had been discoursing, in his capacity as out- door adviser, about the state of the coach- house. Young Molyneux was moving about the centre of the room, in the way some men have, talking to Nelly, and looking at any chance book or curious thing that might fall in his way. They had been hearing the story of the new cousin with polite interest, varying ac- cording to the nature of the men, and the intimacy and interest in the house which their respective positions enabled them to show. | 26,075 |
hjaQgQ_LufE_1 | Youtube-Commons | Open Web | CC-By | null | Hend maintains share of lead | Round 3 highlights | New Zealand Open presented by SKY SPORT 2024 | None | English | Spoken | 238 | 308 | Well, we expect a drama on day three of the New Zealand Open presented by Sky Sport at the Mulbook Resort in New Zealand, South Ireland, and we certainly got it. It was a congested leaderboard at the start of the day and remains that way at the completion of round three. Here in Snimon from South Africa, Birdie's the 18th. Brilliant Hong Kong youngster, Tai Chi Kou, hit his second to the Power 5 14th, managed to find the top level and two-putted for Birdie. Long-hitting Japanese star, Hatachi would also birdie the same hole soon after. A few New Zealanders are in the mix, but their hopes currently align with Josh Geary. He birdied from behind the green at the 15th. Joint third-round leader, Matt Griffin, got his round off to a brilliant start. Here he hits his second to the first. At the 16th, he had this tremendously difficult part across the green and across the ridge under yet another birdie. But on the same hole soon after, second-round leader, Scott Hand, hit the perfect approach which stopped on the top of the ridge and fared down into the hole for an eagle to get to 13 under par after what had been a fairly slow round to that point. He was forced to lay up at the Power 5 17th and this was his third to set up yet another birdie for the day..
| 45,207 |
S_22599-EN.pdf_1 | UN-Digital-Library | Open Government | Various open data | null | Letter dated 12 May 1991 from the Permanent Representative of Iraq to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council. | None | Haitian Creole | Spoken | 1 | 2 | None | 19,686 |
https://github.com/mdhillmancmcl/TheWorldAvatar-CMCL-Fork/blob/master/thermo/CoMoEnthalpyEstimationPaper/glpk/src/misc/gcd.c | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | TheWorldAvatar-CMCL-Fork | mdhillmancmcl | C | Code | 434 | 908 | /* gcd.c (greatest common divisor) */
/***********************************************************************
* This code is part of GLPK (GNU Linear Programming Kit).
*
* Copyright (C) 2000-2013 Andrew Makhorin, Department for Applied
* Informatics, Moscow Aviation Institute, Moscow, Russia. All rights
* reserved. E-mail: <[email protected]>.
*
* GLPK is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* GLPK is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
* or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
* License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with GLPK. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***********************************************************************/
#include "env.h"
#include "misc.h"
/***********************************************************************
* NAME
*
* gcd - find greatest common divisor of two integers
*
* SYNOPSIS
*
* #include "misc.h"
* int gcd(int x, int y);
*
* RETURNS
*
* The routine gcd returns gcd(x, y), the greatest common divisor of
* the two positive integers given.
*
* ALGORITHM
*
* The routine gcd is based on Euclid's algorithm.
*
* REFERENCES
*
* Don Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol.2: Seminumerical
* Algorithms, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1997. Section 4.5.2: The
* Greatest Common Divisor, pp. 333-56. */
int gcd(int x, int y)
{ int r;
xassert(x > 0 && y > 0);
while (y > 0)
r = x % y, x = y, y = r;
return x;
}
/***********************************************************************
* NAME
*
* gcdn - find greatest common divisor of n integers
*
* SYNOPSIS
*
* #include "misc.h"
* int gcdn(int n, int x[]);
*
* RETURNS
*
* The routine gcdn returns gcd(x[1], x[2], ..., x[n]), the greatest
* common divisor of n positive integers given, n > 0.
*
* BACKGROUND
*
* The routine gcdn is based on the following identity:
*
* gcd(x, y, z) = gcd(gcd(x, y), z).
*
* REFERENCES
*
* Don Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol.2: Seminumerical
* Algorithms, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1997. Section 4.5.2: The
* Greatest Common Divisor, pp. 333-56. */
int gcdn(int n, int x[])
{ int d, j;
xassert(n > 0);
for (j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{ xassert(x[j] > 0);
if (j == 1)
d = x[1];
else
d = gcd(d, x[j]);
if (d == 1)
break;
}
return d;
}
/* eof */
| 23,040 |
US-34361482-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 1,982 | None | None | English | Spoken | 3,387 | 4,211 | Spark gap device for precise switching
ABSTRACT
A spark gap device for precise switching of an energy storage capacitor into an exploding bridge wire load is disclosed. Niobium electrodes having a melting point of 2,415 degrees centrigrade are spaced apart by an insulating cylinder to define a spark gap. The electrodes are supported by conductive end caps which, together with the insulating cylinder, form a hermetically sealed chamber filled with an inert, ionizable gas, such as pure xenon. A quantity of solid radioactive carbon-14 within the chamber adjacent the spark gap serves as a radiation stabilizer. The sides of the electrodes and the inner wall of the insulating cylinder are spaced apart a sufficient distance to prevent unwanted breakdown initiation. A conductive sleeve may envelop the outside of the insulating member from the midpoint of the spark gap to the cap adjacent the cathode. The outer metallic surfaces of the device may be coated with a hydrogen-impermeable coating to lengthen the shelf life and operating life of the device. The device breaks down at about 1,700 volts for input voltage rates up to 570 volts/millisecond and allows peak discharge currents of up to 3,000 amperes from a 0.3 microfarad energy storage capacitor for more than 1,000 operations.
The U.S. Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Contract Number DE-AC04-76DP00789 between the U.S. Department of Energy and the Western Electric Company. (41 CFR §9-9.109-6(i)(5)(ii) (b)).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of overvoltage protection devices, and more particularly, to a gas filled spark gap device which switches high current from a charged capacitor into an exploding bridge wire detonator at a precise breakdown voltage.
In the art of high voltage, high current circuit applications, spark devices are known to protect circuit components, such as an energy storage capacitor, from voltage overloads, and to switch current from charged capacitors into output loads at various breakdown voltages. The overvoltage gap devices are required to remain inactive until breakdown voltage conditions are reached, to switch the high voltage, high current electrical surges rapidly, and to return to normal quickly after the breakdown condition has passed in readiness for subsequent operations.
Certain problems arise in the operation of spark gap devices described in the prior art. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,990,492 of Wellinger et al, a gas-filled spark gap device is disclosed that is generally operable to provide overload protection, but has an undesirable short life span. It has been found in practice, the metal electrodes may erode during extended operation and cause a metallic deposit to form on ceramic insulator surfaces rendering them conductive thereby significantly reducing the overall lifetime of the device. Furthermore, to assist in ionizing the spark gap at a stable breakdown voltage level, a radioactive gas, krypton-85, is employed. The radioactive gas may leak and cause an undesirable release of radioactivity into the environment.
In U.S. Pat. no. 3,317,777 of Algar et al, a high pressure mixture of xenon and nitrogen is used for a gas-filled spark gap device. During high energy electrical discharge, nitrogen is a reactive gas and causes undesirable deterioration of the spark gap electrodes. Copper electrodes are employed. The melting point of copper is a relatively low 1,083° C.
The structure of a voltage switching device for a high voltage, high current application, as described, is subject to and thus must withstand electrode temperatures in excess of 2,000° C. in many instances. Prior art electrodes, such as shown in Algar et al, are thus incapable of withstanding this temperature without serious erosion, and this fact greatly reduces the efficiency of the device.
In the spark gap device disclosed by Kawiecki in U.S. Pat. No. 3,588,576, the electrodes defining the spark gap are made from a nickel and cobalt alloy. The nickel-cobalt alloy electrodes melt in the range of approximately 1,450-1,500° C. and thus are also generally ineffective. Inside the spark gap device, conductive strips are connected to the electrodes and extend along the inner wall of the ceramic spacer to a location opposite the electrode gap. The strips serve to stabilize operating characteristics and speed response time. Being inside the device, however, the stabilizing strips are subjected to deteriorating conditions during device discharge.
Spark gap devices are often encapsulated in organic materials for protection. However, during aging on the shelf, organic materials may emit hydrogen gas which is able to permeate through nickel, copper, nickel-cobalt alloys into the sealed chamber and change the fill gas purity.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a spark gap device having electrodes that prevent melting or serious erosion under high voltage and high current discharge conditions.
Another object of the invention is to provide a spark gap device having an inert fill gas further minimizing erosion of components during discharge conditions.
Another object is to provide a non-gaseous, stable, inert, and easily applied radioactive material for promoting spark gap discharge stability at preselected voltage levels without the danger of release of radioactive gases to the atmosphere, without added chemical impurities to the gap, or without compromising the gap's fill gas purity.
Another object of the invention is to provide a spark gap device precluding hydrogen gas permeation into the hermetically sealed chamber thereby preventing changes in fill gas composition and further maintaining high efficiency of operation.
Still another object of the invention is to stabilize discharge characteristics of the spark gap device without employing stabilizer placed inside the device being subjected to deteriorating discharge conditions.
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description that follows and in part will become apparent to those who are skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned with the practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the invention as described herein, an improved spark gap apparatus is provided for precise switching of high currents from charged capacitors, and for protecting circuitry and circuit components, such as an energy storage capacitor, from overvoltage surges. The invention includes the novel approach of providing a pair of electrodes having a melting point greater than 2,000° C. forming the spark gap. The electrodes comprise the anode and cathode and are preferably fabricated of niobium (Nb). The electrodes are supported by conductive caps spaced apart from one another by an insulating member. The caps and the insulating member form a hermetically sealed chamber filled with an inert, ionizable gas, preferably pure xenon (Xe). The electrodes are preferably made from pure niobium metal having a melting point of 2,415° C.
Further, in accordance with the invention, the spark gap device includes a quantity of solid radioactive stabilizer placed within the hermetically sealed chamber adjacent to the spark gap. The preferred solid stabilizer is a radioactive carbon-14 (¹⁴ C) composition.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a conductive sleeve may envelop the outside of the insulating member from the midpoint of the spark gap to the cap adjacent the cathode. The sleeve is connected to the cathode by an electrical conductor. With this arrangement, the sleeve serves to minimize the high electric field stress points by flattening the equipotential lines at the cathode side of the spark gap during operation of the device. The sleeve significantly improves the spark gap's voltage breakdown stability. Preferably, the conductive sleeve is made from a metallic material.
Further in accordance with the invention, the distance from the sides of the anode and cathode to the inner wall of the insulating member is sufficient to prevent high field local gas ionization or gas ionization development by electron avalanche along the inner surface of the insulating member thereby preventing unwanted breakdown initiation.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, the metal surface of the spark gap device may be coated with a non-permeable coating. Preferably the coating is an alloy of lead and tin, or gold. The coating prevents hydrogen permeation into the gas filled chamber of the device, and its switching stability is not impaired.
The hermetically sealed chamber is preferably filled with pure xenon gas; and a quantity of solid carbon-14 is placed within the chamber to serve as a radioactive stabilizer. The spark gap device according to the best mode is capable of switching at 1,700 volts for input voltage rates up to 570 volts per millisecond allowing peak discharge currents of up to 3,000 amperes from a 0.3 microfarad energy storage capacitor for more than 1,000 operations.
Still other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following description wherein there is shown and described a preferred embodiment of this invention, simply by way of illustration of one of the best modes contemplated for carrying out the invention. As it will be realized, the invention is capable of different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various, obvious aspects all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, this art from the following description wherein there is shown and described a preferred embodiment of this invention, simply by way of illustration of one of the best modes contemplaced for carrying out the invention. As it will be realized, the invention is capable of different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various, obvious aspects all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and the descriptions will be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification, illustrate several aspects of the invention and together with the descriptions serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view illustrating the spark gap device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the voltage response of the preferred embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the employment of the spark gap device of the invention for switching an energy storage capacitor into an exploding bridge wire load.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Reference is now made to FIG. 1 showing an improved spark gap device 10 according to the invention. First conductive electrode or anode 12 and second conductive electrode or cathode 13 are made from niobium (Nb) metal having a melting point of 2,415° C. Electrodes 12 and 13 are attached or bonded to first conductive cap 14 and second conductive cap 15, respectively. Caps 14 and 15 are spaced apart from one another by an insulating member, such as ceramic cylinder 16, to define a spark gap G between electrodes 12 and 13. The end caps 14 and 15 and the cylinder 16 together form a chamber 18 which is evacuated and filled with pure xenon (Xe) gas.
Ceramic back-up rings 19 and 20 are bonded to end caps 14 and 15 respectively to provide minimum stress ceramic to metal seal. Electrode (anode) 12 is attached to first cap 14 to provide effective electrical contact. Conductive cup 23 is bonded to first cap 14 and is connected to conductor C_(a) connected to the circuit in which the spark gap device 1 is employed (See FIG. 3). Electrode (cathode) 13 is attached to second cap 15 connected to conductor C_(b) in the protected circuit. Conductor C_(b) is in sealed contact with second cap 15 with sealing ring 26.
Evacuation of chamber 18 is accomplished by connecting a vacuum source (not shown) to exhaust tube 24 extending through first cap 14 into chamber 18. After exhaustion of atmospheric gases and their replacement with the fill gas xenon, chamber 18 is sealed by pinching off the end of exhaust tube 24 to form exhaust pinch off section 25.
Anode 12 and cathode 13 are dome-like structures and are provided with exahust holes 27 and 28, respectively, to prevent air pockets from being retained and to allow filling the space within the anode and cathode with xenon fill gas.
With the invention, preferably the sides of anode 12 and cathode 13 are spaced a distance D from the inner wall of cylinder 16. The distance D is selected to be sufficient to prevent high field local gas ionization or gas ionization development by electron avalanche growth along the inner surface of cylinder 16 and thus prevent unwanted breakdown initiation.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a quantity of solid radioactive stabilizer 30, preferably carbon-14 (¹⁴ C) is placed within the chamber 18 upon the inner wall of cylinder 16 adjacent to the spark gap G. Carbon-14 is inert and has a 5,600 year half-life. During use inside the device, Carbon-14 thus remains stable and does not contaminate the fill gas and is not plated onto the anode 12 or the cathode 13 surfaces.
In summary of the best mode presently contemplated of the invention, the anode 12 and the cathode 13 are made from high melting point material such as niobium, melting point 2,415° C. The electrodes are spaced apart by the insulating cylinder 16 made from a good insulating material, such as alumina thus defining the spark gap G. The chamber 18 is filled with xenon gas which is subjected to the ionization influence of carbon-14 stabilizer material 30. The best mode spark gap device 1 has the capability of switching at 1,700 volts for input voltage rise rates up to 570 volts/millisecond and allowing peak discharge currents of up to 3,000 amperes from a 0.3 microfarad energy storage capacitor for more than 1,000 operations.
In FIG. 2, the input voltage to rise time relationship of the best mode of the invention is depicted. It is noted that in a period of 3 milliseconds, the input voltage may rise up to 1,700 volts with the invention. This corresponds to a rate of rise of input voltage to time approximately equal to 570 volts/millisecond.
In FIG. 3, the spark gap device 1 of the invention is illustrated in a circuit application to provide a switching and discharge capability of 3,000 amperes from a 0.3 microfarad energy storage capacitor into an exploding bridge wire load. The input voltage is provided through conductor C_(d) coupled to the capacitor F. The discharge device is connected to load L through conductor C_(b).
In a further aspect of the invention, in accordance with its objects and purposes, conductive sleeve 31 envelops the outside of the cylinder 16 from the midpoint of the spark gap G to the second cap 15 adjacent the cathode 13. Sleeve 31 is electrically connected to the second cap 15, and thereby to the cathode 13 by metal coating 35 to be described in detail below. In this way, sleeve 31 serves to minimize high electric field stress points by flattening the equipotential lines at the cathode side of the spark gap G to improve voltage breakdown stability.
In fabricating spark gap device D of the invention, preferably ultra-clean parts are prepared; and a 600° C. complete assembly bake-out under vacuum pumping conditions at 10⁻⁸ Torr or less is conducted. Ultra clean xenon fill gas is added, and a cold weld copper pinch-off provides a final seal. This procedure is in sharp contrast to prior procedures which employ a lower bake-out temperature and weaker vacuum under conditions of less cleanliness. In addition, prior methods for spark gap preparation use a brazed gas seal providing less control over seal quality, gas purity, and leak tightness of the finished device.
By suitable selection of the spark gap G and xenon fill gas pressure, in conjunction with carbon-14 radiation stabilizer 30, the preferred spark gap device 10 of the invention has been optimized for breakdown voltage stability at 1,700 volts. Thus, the prior art techniques for adjusting voltage breakdown characteristics, such as using electrode elongation after gas filling, or screening and sorting finally assembled devices are not necessary.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, it has been discovered that a metal coating 35 (shown in FIG. 1) for the outer surface of the metal surfaces of the spark gap device 10 precludes hydrogen permeation into the chamber 18. A preferred coating 35 for the device 10 is an alloy of lead and tin, or gold.
In summary, numerous benefits have been described which result from employing the concepts of the invention. With the invention, high melting point niobium electrodes 12 and 13 forestall electrode erosion even under severe voltage and current discharge conditions. By employing pure xenon gas, and solid carbon-14 radiation stabilizer 30 in the spark gap device, it is unnecessary to employ radioactive gases or chemically plated radioactive sources to promote ionization. By spacing anode 12 and cathode 13 a suitable distance D away from the inner wall of insulating cylinder 16, prevention of high field local gas ionization or gas ionization development by electron avalanche growth along the inner surface of cylinder 16 is accomplished. By selection of a suitspark gap G in conjunction with pure xenon fill gas and carbon-14 radiation stabilizer material 30, a spark gap device 10 is obtained which is capable of switching at 1,700 volts ±10% for input voltage rates up to 570 volts/millisecond and allowing peak discharge currents up to 3,000 amperes from a 0.3 microfarad energy storage capacitor for more than 1,000 operations.
An additional benefit results when a conductive sleeve 31 envelops the outside of the insulating cylinder 16 and is electrically connected to the cathode 13. With this arrangement, high electric field stress points at the cathode side of the spark gap G are minimized due to flattening of the equipotential lines and improved voltage stability results.
By employing a coating of lead and tin alloy, or gold, on the outer metal surfaces of the spark gap device 10 of the invention, permeation of hydrogen during aging on the shelf is prevented.
The foregoing description of a preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.
I claim:
1. A spark gap device for precise switching comprising:first and second conductive electrodes defining an anode and a cathode, each electrode having a melting point greater than approximately 2,000 degrees; conductive caps supporting said electrodes; an insulating member separating said conductive caps to define a spark gap, said caps and said insulating member forming a hermetically sealed chamber; and a conductive sleeve enveloping the outside of said insulating member from the midpoint of the spark gap to the cap adjacent the cathode, said sleeve being electrically connected to said cathode, thereby minimizing high electric field stress points by flattening the equipotential lines at the cathode side of said spark gap for improved voltage stability.
2. A spark gap device as described in claim 1, further comprising hydrogen-impermeable coating over all metallic outer surfaces of the device.
3. A spark gap device as described in claim 2 wherein said coating comprises either gold or an alloy of lead and tin.
4. The spark gap device as described in claim 1 wherein said chamber contains an inert, ionizable gas.
5. The spark gap device as described in claim 4 wherein said inert gas consists of xenon.
6. The spark gap device as described in claim 1 further comprising a quantity of solid radioactive stabilizer affixed to said insulating member adjacent the spark gap.
7. The spark gap device as described in claim 6 wherein said radioactive stabilizer is Carbon-14.
8. The spark gap device as described in claim 1 wherein said electrodes are made of Niobium..
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dictionaryoflati1891rileuoft_5 | English-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,891 | Dictionary of Latin and Greek quotations, proverbs, maxims, and mottos, classical and mediaeval, including law terms and phrases | Riley, Henry T. (Henry Thomas), 1816-1878 | English | Spoken | 7,343 | 11,478 | Donee eras simplex, animum cum corpore amdei; Nunc mentis vitio Icesa figiira tua- est. Ovid. — "So long as you were disinterested I loved both your mind and your person; now, to me, your appearance is affected by this blemish on your disposition." Donee erisfeix multos numerabis amicos; Templa si fw-rint nublla, solus eris. Ovid. — "So long as you are prosperous you will reckon many friends; if the times become cloudy, you will be alone." Donum exitidle Minervae. Virg. — "The fatal gift of Minerva." The wooden horse, by means of which the Greeks gained possession of Troy. Dormiunt aliquando leges, nunquam moriuntur. Coke. — "The law sometimes sleeps, it never dies." It is not so much the law that sleeps, as those who ought to put it in force; often from a sense of the impolicy. Of asserting their legal rights to the very letter. Dos est magna parentum Virtus Hoe. — "The virtue of one's parents is a great dowry." Dubiam salfdem qui dat afflictis, negat. Sen. — "He has two strings to his bow." Dubiam salfdem qui dat afflictis, negat. Sen. — "He who gives to the afflicted a dubious support, denies it." Such support is deprived of its grace, if not of its efficacy. Due me, Parens, celsique domindor poli, Quocunque placuit; nulla parendi mora est; Adsum implger. Sen. — "Conduct me, Parent of all, and ruler over the lofty heavens, wherever it pleases thee; in obeying thee I make no delay; I am ever ready at thy command." Duces tecum. Law Term. — "Bring with you." A writ which commands a person to appear in court on a certain day, and bring with him certain writings or evidences. Ductmus autem Hos quoque felices, qui, ferr e incommoda vitae, Nee jactdre jugum, vita didicere magistratur. Jut. — "We consider those men happy, who, from their experience in life, have learned to bear its inconveniences without struggling against the yoke." Ducunt ingmium, res Adversce nuddre solent, celdre secundum. Hon. — "Disasters are wont to reveal the abilities of a general, good fortune to conceal them." Hence the most consummate abilities of a general are shown in a masterly retreat. Ducunt Ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahnnt. — "Futc ietdl the willing, and the unwilling drags." From the Greek of Cleanthes, in Seneca, Epistle 107. Dulce domum. — "Sweet home." A Latin song is thus called, which is sung at Winchester College, on the evening preceding the Whitsun holidays. Dulce ett detiph-e in loco. Hob. — "It is pleasant to play the fool on the proper occasion." As there is "time for everything," there is a time for imminent and ruxation. Dulce est mihi socio, Mbuitte dolorit. — "It is a comfort for the wretched to have companions in their sorrow." Dulce et decorum eat pro patrid mori. Hob. — "It is sweet and glorious to die for one's country." Dulce morient reminitur Argot. VlBO. — "And, as he dies, his thoughts revert to his dear Argos." Dulce et verbit alliciendut amor. — "Love must be allured with kind words." Dulcior et fructu pott multa pericula ductut. — "The fruit is sweetest that is gained after many perils." A Leonine proverb quoted by Rabelais, "Stolen fruit is the sweetest." Dulcique driimot novitdte tenibo. Oyid. — "And I will enthrall your mind with the charms of novelty." Dulcit amor patrite, dulce videre tuot. — "Sweet is the love of one's country, sweet to behold one's kindred." Dulcit inexpertit cultura potentit amid; Expert in the pursuit of the great is pleasant to those who are inexperienced in the world, but he who has gained experience dreads dependence. Dum Aurora fulget, moriuti adoloret, floret colliatte. — "Take my advice, my young friends, and gather flowers while the morning shines." Employ the hours of sunshine, for "when the night cometh, no man can work." Dum bene divet ager; dum rami pondere nutant, Afferat in calatho ruttica dona puer. Ovid. While the country is bountifully rich, while the branches are bending beneath their load, let the boy bring your country presents in his basket. Dum caput infestat, labor omnia membra molestat. — While the head aches, weariness oppresses all the limbs. Dum curce amblguav, dum spes incerta futuri. Virg. — "While I am immersed in doubtful care, with uncertain hopes of the future." Dum deliberdmus quando incipiendum, incipere jam serum Jit. Quint. — "While we are deliberating; when to begin, it becomes too late to begin." See Deliberat, &c. Dum fata fuglmus, fata stulti incurrimus. Buchanan. — "While we fly from our fate, like fools we rush on to it." Dum flammas Jbvis et sonttus imitdtur Olympi. Virg. — " While he imitates the flames of Jove, and the lightnings of Olympus." Dum in dubio est animus, paulo momento hue illuc impellitur. Tee. — "While the mind is in suspense, it is swayed by a slight impulse one way or the other." Dum lego, assentior. Cic. — "Whilst I read, I assent." The exclamation of Cicero, while reading Plato's reasoning on the immortality of the soul. Dum licet, in rebus jucundis vive bedtus, Vive memor quidem sis cevi brevis. Hoe. While you have the power, live contented with happy circumstances, live mindful how short is life." See Dum vivimus, &c. Dum loquor, hora fugit. Ovid. — "While I am speaking, time flies." Dum ne ob malefacta peream, parvi cestimo. Plaut. — "So I do not die for my misdeeds, I care but little." Dum potuit solitum virtute repressit. Ovid. — "So long as he is able, he suppresses his groans with his wounded fortitude." Said of Hercules when he has put on the fatal garment sent him by his wife. Dum recttas inclpit esse tuus. Maet. — "As you recite it, it begins to be your own." See Mutato nomine, &c. Dum se bene gesserit. — "So long as he conducts himself well." "During good behaviour." The tenure upon which some official situations are held. Vim singuli pugnant, universi vincuntur. Tacit. — "While each is fighting separately, the whole are conquered." The Britons, being divided among themselves by the Dum vivit, Mminem tints est, quiescas. Plaut. — "While he is alive, you may know a place when he is dead, keep yourself quiet." Dummodo mordta recte vfriiat, dotdta est satis. Plaut. — "So long as a woman comes with good principles, she is sufficiently portioned." Dummodo sit dives, barbnrus ipse placet. Ovid. — "If he be only rich, a very barbarian is pleasing." Duobus modis, id est a ut fraud-out ri. Jit injuria — quasi rupit, vis lui — utrumque ab alienissimum est. ClC. — "Injury is done by two methods, either by deceit or by violence; deceit appears to be the attribute of the fox, violence of the lion; both of them most foreign to man." Duos qui sequitur lepores neutrum capit. Prov. — "He who follows two hares catches neither. So our saying "Between two stools," &c. Duplex omnino est jocandi genus: vnum iiberale, pft flagitiosum, obscoenum; attPrum, ehyans, urbdnum, ivi/fni-osum, facetum. Cic. — "There are two sorts of pleasantry: the one ungentlemanly, wanton, flagitious, obscene; the other elegant, courteous, ingenious, and facetious." Dura Exerce imptria, et ratnos compesce jultantes. VIR. Dut— E. 95 — "Exert a rigorous sway, and check the straggling boughs." Durante beneplacito. — "During our good pleasure." The tenure by which most official situations are held in this country. Durante vita. — "During life." Durate, et vosmet rebus servidis secundis. Vieg. — "Perseverance, and reserve yourselves for better times." Durum et durum non faciunt murum. — "Hard and hard do not make a wall." A mediaeval proverb. As bricks require a soft substance to unite them, so proud men will never agree without the mediation of a mild and equable disposition. Durum! Sed Uvius fit patientis Quicquid corrigere est nefas. Hon. — "'Tis hard! But that which it is not allowed us to amend, is rendered more light by patience." Durum telum necesstas. Erov. — "Necessity is a sharp weapon." Dux feciina facti. Vieg. — "A woman the leader in the deed." Said in reference to the valour and enterprise of Queen Dido. E contra. — "On the other hand." E d? Into justice. See Debito justifies. E flammd cibum petere. To seek one's food in the very flames. Only the most abject and wretched would pick from out of the flames of the funeral pile the articles of food, which, in conformity with the Roman usage, were thrown there. E multis paleis, paulum fructus collegi. Prov. — "Prom much straw I have gathered but little fruit." "Much straw, but little grain." With much labour I have obtained but little profit. E se finxit velut ardneus. — "He spun from himself like a spider." He depended solely on his own resources. E firdirriis dsmis equus non pridit. Prov. — "The horse does not spring from the slow-paced ass." Worthy children cannot be expected to spring from degenerate parents. E t<nui casd tape vir magnut exit. Prov. — "From an humble." Bleu, a hero often springs. Eternum cavemit ferrum eficlmut, rem ad colendot agros necet-tdrium. Cic. — "We draw forth iron from the dentin of the earth, a thing necessary for cultivating the field. Ea anttni eldtio qua) cernUur in perlcSlit, si jutfitid I pugnatque pro suit commudis, in vitio ett. ClC. — "That elevation of mind which is to be seen in moments of peril, if it is uncontrolled by justice, and strives only in its own advantages, becomes a crime." Ea fama vagdtur. — "That report is in circulation." J is a report to that effect. Ea quoniam nernini ohtrudi potest. Itur ad me Teb. — "Because she cannot be pushed off on any one else, they come to me." Ea tola voluptat Soldmenque mail VlBO. — "That was his only delight, and the solace of his misfortune." Ea tub ociil is posit a negliglmut; proximorum mention. Ion-ginqua tectdmur. Pliny the Younger. — "Those things which are placed under our eyes, we overlook; indifferent as to what is near us, we long for that which is hidden." The traveller abroad overlooks the beauties of his own country. "It is distance lends enchantment to the view." Ecce homo. — "Behold the man." The title given to pictures of our Saviour, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe — when Pilate said, "Behold the man," John xix. 5. Ecce Uerum Crispinus! Juv. — "Behold! Crispinus once again!" A notorious debauchee and favourite of the emperor Domitian, whom Juvenal has occasion more than once to make the object of his satire. Ecquem esse dices in man piscem meum? Plaut. — "Oi, which fish in the sea can you say, 'That is mine?' "Edpole na hie dies pervorsus et advorsus mihi obtlgit. Plattx, "Upon my word, this day certainly has turned out both perverse and adverse for me." Mere rum poteris vocem, lupus est tibi visus. Prov — "Ton cannot utter a word, you have surely seen a wolf." It was said that the wolf, by some secret power, deprived of their voice those who beheld it. See Lupus in fabuld Edere oportetut vivas, non vlvere ut edas. "You ought to eat to live, not live to eat." "Ldvardum occidere nollte timere bonum est.-The ambiguous message penned by Adam Orleton, bishop of Hereford in the early 11th century, is now in the hands of the king. Being written without In punctuation, the words might be read two ways; with a comma after W, they would mean, "Edward to kill fear not, the fear of the deed is good." Edmund opes irritamenta malorum. Ovm — Eiches + Vincenti Inventives of evil, are dug out of the earth." Instrumentum contemserit, Mmidissimum quemquam "onsequuum. Cuetius - He who despises death, escaped while the most cowardly it overtakes." Alfred, a tragiedia versus, Utese matrona moverijussa diebus. Hor — Iragedy disdains to babble forth trivial verses like matron challenged to dance on festive days Apros occido, sed alter utitur pulverum. Kill the boars, while another enjoys the Suffice to say, "The flesh of the earth is the same as the flesh of the earth." A Soverb used by the emperor Diocletian. See Sic vos, &c by the emperor consuetudinem sermonis vocibus consensum eruditorum sicut vivendi consensum bonorum. Quint.-"I shall speak, speak, and speak again." This speech, according to the emperor, is a satire on the language of the people, which is often used by the 'They are gaping after my property, while, vying with each other, they are thus sending me gifts and presents." Ego, comperio omnia regno, civitatis, mitti fratrum imperium Tutbuisse, dum ootid eo vera con valuturunt. S.v i.i.. — "I find that all kingdoms, states, and nations have enjoyed prosperity, so long as good count have had influence in their affairs." Ego nee studium sine divite vena, Nee rude quid prosit video ingli in. — "For my part, I can neither conceive what study can do without a rich natural vein, nor what rude genius can avail of itself." Ego — quod te laudas, vehementer probo, Namque hoe ab alio nunquam contingit tihi. Pn.r.D. — "I greatly approve of your bestowing praise on yourself, for it will never be." Be your lot to receive if from another." The answer of Esop to a wretched author, who praised himself. Ego, si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat em dices. Plautus. — "If I keep a good character for myself, I shall be quite rich enough." Ego si risi, quod ineptus Pastillos Suillius olet, Gargonius hircum, Lividus et mordax videlicet? — Hon. — "If I laugh at the silly Rufillus, because he smells of perfumes, or at Gargonius, because he stinks like a lie-goat, am I to be thought envious and carping?" Ego spempretio non emo. Tee. — "I will not purchase hope with gold." I will not throw away what is of value upon empty hopes. Egrpii mortem, altique silenti. Hoc. — "A being of extraordinary silence and reserve." Eheu! fugaces, Posthumus, Posthumus, Labuntur anni; nee plias moram Eugis et instanti sensum Affrret, indomitiaeque morti. Hon. — "Alas! Posthumus, Posthumus, our years pass away, nor can piety stay wrinkles, and approaching old age, and unconquerable death." Eheu! quam brevibus pereunt ingentia causis! Claud. — "Alas! by what trifling causes are great states overthrown!" or, as Pope says, "What mighty contests spring from trivial things!" Eheu! quam pingui macer est mihi taurus in arvo, Idem amor eautium pecori est, pecorisque magistro. VIRG. — "Alas! how lean is my bull amid the rich pastures! love is equally the destruction of the cattle, and of the cattle's master." Eheu! Quam temere in Nam vitiis nemo sine nascitur; optimus ille est, Qui minimis urgetur. Hoe. Alas! how rashly do we sanction severe rules against ourselves, for no man is born without faults; he is the best who is subject to the fewest. Eja, age, rumpe moras, quo te spectabilis usque? Dum quid sis dubitas, jam potes esse nihil. Mart. Come then, away with this delay, how long are we to be looking at you? While you are in doubt what to be, presently it will be out of your power to be anything at all. Eldti ammi comprimendi sunt. — "Minds which are too much elated must be humbled." Eugit. Law Term. — "He has chosen." A writ of execution that lies for one who has recovered a debt, to levy from a moiety of the defendant's lands: while holding which moiety the creditor is tenant by elegit. Elephantem ex mused facis. Prov. — "You are making an elephant of a fly." Elephantus non capit murem. Prov. — "The elephant does not catch mice." Some annoyances are beneath our notice. See Aquila non, &c. Elige eum cujus tibi pldcuit et vita et ordtio. Sen. — "Make choice of him whose mode of living and whose conversation are pleasing to you." Eligito tempus, captutum scepe. Regandi. Ovid. — "Choose your time for asking, after having often watched for it." Elocution est idoneorum verborum et sententiam ad rem to ventam accommodation. Cic. — "Elocution is an apt accommodation of the words and sentiments to the subject under discussion." Esquimena non modo eos ornat, penes quos est, sed etium universam rempublcam. Cic. — "Eloquence is not only in ornament to those who possess it, but even to the whole community." Esquimena. Ovid. — "A woman who is always bin, in a lover of bargains." Eme.re malo quam rogare. — "Better to have to buy than to beg." Because in the former case there is no obligation. Emilio sold virtute potestas. Claud. — "(True) pia, is purchased by virtue alone." Empta dolore docet expifrientia. Prov. — "Experience bought by pain teaches us a lesson." Emunctoe naris homo. — "A man of sharp nose." One of quick perception. En! hie decidrat, quales sitis ju&ce. Piiéd. — "Look! This shows what sort of judges you are." Eo crassior air est, quo terris propior. Cic. — "The air is the more dense, the nearer it is to the earth." Eo instanti. — "At that instant." Eo magis precoraggat quod non videbatur. Tacit. — "He shone with all the greater lustre, because he was not seen." Said of a great man whose statue was insidiously removed from public view. Eodem collyrio mederi omnibus. Prov. — "To heal all with the same ointment." To use the same argument, or adopt the same course, with persons of all ages and ages. Eodem modo quo quid constitutur eodem modo dissolvitur. Coke. — "In the same manner in which an agreement is made, it is dissolved by deed. If made by deed, it must be dissolved by deed. Epicuri de grege porcum. Hob. — "One of the swinish herd of Epicurus." Eques ipso melior Bellerophonte. Hoe. — "A better horseman than Bellerophon himself." Bellerophon was master of the winged horse Pegasus. Equo frendito est auris in ore. Hoe. — "The ear of a bridled horse is in his mouth." He is guided by the bit, not by words. Equitis quoque jam migrat ab aure voluptas Omnis, ad incertos bculos, et gaudia vana. Hoe. In these days, our knights have transferred all pleasure from the hearing to the eyes that may deceive, and frivolous amusements. The poet rebukes the Roman equites for their love of the shows of the Circus and the amphitheatre. Equus Seidnus. — "The horse of Seius." Cneius Seius, a Roman citizen, possessed a horse of singular size and beauty, and supposed to be sprung from those of Diodorus, king of Thrace. Seius was put to death by Antony, and the horse was bought for a large price by Cornelius Dolabella. He in his turn was conquered by Cassius, and fell in battle; upon which the horse came into the hands of Cassius. He slaying himself on being defeated by Antony, the horse came into Antony's possession; who was afterwards defeated by Augustus, and put himself to death. The possession of this horse was considered so disastrous to its owner, that "The horse of Seius" became a proverbial expression for a thing that was supposed to bring In the office, sed tamen qui malaient imperantium mandata interpretandi, quam exsequi. Tacit. — "They attended to their duties, but still as preferring rather to cavil at the commands of their rulers, than to obey them." Quoted by Lord Bacon in his Essays. Erant quibus appetentior famae videretur, quando sapientibus cupidus glories novissima exuitur. Tacit. — "There were some to whom he seemed too greedy of fame, at a time when the desire of glory, that last of all desires, is by the wise laid aside." Milton was probably indebted to this passage for his line on ambition. "That last infirmity of noble minds." Ergo haud difficile est perituram arcessere siimam, Lancibus opositis, vel matris imagine fracta. "Therefore, there is no scruple in borrowing a sum, soon to be squandered, by pawning their plate, or the battered likeness of their mother." Erlpe te moras. Hob. — "Away with all delay." Erlpe turpi Collajuqo. Liber, liber sum, die age. — Hob. 102 EKI—ESS. — "Koscue your neck from this vile yoke; come, say, I am free, I am free." Erlpite ilii gliidium, qui sui est impos an mi. Platjt. — "Take away the sword from him Who is not in possession of his senses." Erlpit interdum, modo dat medicina salutem. Ovid. — "Mell i-cine sometimes takes away health, sometimes bestows it." Erlpuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis. — "Ho snatched the lightning from heaven, and the sceptre from tyrants." This line, an adaptation of one from Manilius, was inscribed by the French minister Turgot on a medal struck in honour of Benjamin. Franklin. The allusion is to his discovery that lightning is produced by electricity, and to the support which he gave to his country in the assertion of its independence of the British crown. See Sol vitque animis, &c. Errdmus si ullam terrdrum partem imminent a periculo Ofmm. Sen. — "We are mistaken if we believe that there is any part of the world free from danger." Errantem in viam reducito. — "Bring back him who has strayed, into the right way." The duty of the pastor of the flock. Errat, et illinc Hue venit, hinc illuc, et quoslibet occipat artus Spmtus; equeferis humdna in corpora transit. Inqueferas noster. Ovid. "The soul wanders about and comes from that spot to this, from this to that, and takes possession of any limb it may; it both passes from the beasts into human bodies, and from us into the beasts." The Pythagorean doctrine of the transmigration of the soul. Esse bonum facile est, ubi quod vetet esse remoturn est. Ovid. It is easy to be good, when that which would forbid it is afar off. It is easy to be virtuous when we are not exposed to temptation. Esse quam videri malim. — "I would rather be, than seem to be." Esse quoque in Fatis reminiscitur qua tempus quam, quam tellus, correptaque regia coeli Ardeat; et mundi moles operosa laboret. Ovid. He remembers too that it was in the decrees of fate, that a time should come when the sea, the earth, and the palace of heaven, seized by the Flames, should be burnt; and the laboriously wrought fabric of the universe should be in danger of perishing. So we read in Scripture, "But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night; in which the heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also, and the works that are therein, shall be burnt up." 2 Pet. iii. Esse solent magna damna minora bono. Ovid. — "Trivial losses are often of great benefit." Est amicus socius mensce, et non permanebit in die necessitatis. — "Some friend is a companion at the table, and will not continue in the day of thy affliction." — Ecclus. vi. 10. This, however, is only said of the class of so-called friends. Est animus lucis contemptor! Vieg. — "My soul is a contender of the light!" Est animus tibi Berumque prudens, et secundis Temporibus dubiisque rectus. Hoe. "You have a mind endowed with prudence in the affairs of life, and upright, as well in prosperity as in adversity." Est aviditas dives, et pauper pudor. Phaed. — "Covetousness is rich, while modesty starves." Est bonus ut melior vir Non alius quisquam. — Hoe. "He is so good a man, that no one can be better." Est brevitdte opus, ut currat sententia. — Hoe. — "There is need of conciseness that the sentence may run agreeably." Est demum vera felicitas, felicitate dignum videri. Pliny the Younger. — "The truest happiness, in fine, consists in the consciousness that you are deserving of happiness." Est egentissimus in sua re. — " He is much straitened in circumstances." Est etiam miseris pietas, et in hoste probatur. Ovid. — "To the wretched there is a duty, and even in an enemy it is praised." Est etiam, ubi profecto damnum praestet facer e, quam lucrum. Plaut. — "There are occasions when it is undoubtedly better to make loss than gain." Est hie, Est ubi vis, animus si te non deficit cequus. Hor. — "[Happiness] is to be found here, it is everywhere, if you possess a well-regulated mind." Est in aqua dulci non invidiosa voluptos. Ovid. — "In pure water there is a pleasure begrudged by none." Est inipsi res angusta domi. — "His means are but very limited." Est mihi, sit que, precor, nostris diuturnior annis, Filia; qua felix sosptte semper ero. Ovid. "I have a daughter, and long, I pray, may she survive my years; so long as she is in comfort, I shall ever be happy." Est miserorum, ut malevolentis sint atque invidiant lonis, Plaut. — "This is the nature of the wretched to be ill-disposed, and to envy the fortunate." Est modus in rebus; sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultra citrdque nequit consistere rectum. Hon. — "There is a medium in all things; there are, in fact, certain bounds, on either side of which rectitude cannot exist." The evils which have been produced by fanaticism prompted by motives really good, are almost equal to those which have sprung from confirmed vice. The poel wisely commends the golden mean. Est multi fobula plena joci. Ovid. — "It is a short story, but full of fun." Est natura hominum novitdtis avida. Pliny the Elder. — "Man is by nature fond of novelty." Est neque Dei sedes nisi terra, et pontus, et a'er, Et caelum, et virtus? Suprorum quid querelmus ultra? Jupiter est, quodquam vides, quocunque moveris. LuCAN — "Has God any other seat than the earth, and the sea and the air, and the heavens, and virtue? Beyond these why do we seek God? Whatever you see, he is in it wherever you move, he is there." The doctrine of Pan theism. Est nltidus, vitroque magis perlucidus omni Eons. Ovid. — "The fountain is limpid and clearer than any glass." Est operce pretium duplexis pernoscere juris Naturam Hoe. EST. 105 — "It is worth your while to know the nature of these two kinds of sauce." A good motto for a disciple of Kitchener or Soyer. Est pater ille quern nuptice demonstrant. Law Max. — "He is the father whom the marriage-rites point out as such." Each man must be content to father his wife's children, unless he can show a satisfactory reason to the contrary. Est profectus Deus, qui quae nos gerimus auditque et videt. Plaut. — "There is undoubtedly a God who both hears and sees the things which we do." Est proprium stultitice alidrum cernere vitia, oblivisci subrum. Cic. — "It is the province of folly to discover the faults of others, and forget its own." Est quaedam flere voluptas; Expletur lachrymis, egeriturque dolor. Ovid. — "There is, in weeping, a certain luxury; grief is soothed and alleviated by tears." Est quiddam gestus edendi. Ovid. — "One's mode of eating is of some importance." Est quoddam prodlare tenus, si non datur ultra. Hon. — "Tis something to have." advanced thus far, even though it be not granted to go farther. Failure in a laudable attempt is far from being a thing to be ashamed of. Est quoque cunctum novitas carissima rerum. Ovid. — "Novelty is, of all things, the most sought after." Est rosaflos Veneris; quo dulcia furta laetrent, Harpocrati matris dona dicdvit Amor. Inde rosam mensis hospes suspendit amicis, Convives tit sub ed dicta tacenda sciant. "The rose is the flower of Venus; in order that his sweet thefts might be concealed, Love dedicated this gift of his mother to Harpocrates. Hence it is that the host hangs it up over his friendly board, that the guests may know how to keep silence upon what is said beneath it." Harpocrates was the god of silence. Hence our expression, "It was said under the rose." Est tempus quando nihil, est tempus quando aliquid, nullum tamen est tempus in quo dicenda sunt omnia. There is a time when nothing may be said, a time when some things may be said, but no time when all things may be said." Est via sull'imis, coelo manifesto, seteno, Lactea nomen Tiabet, candore notibilis ipso. Ovid. "There is a way on high, easily seen in a clear sky, and which, remarkable for its very whiteness, receives the name of the Milky Way." Esto perpetua "Be thou everlasting." The last words of Father Paul Sarpi, spoken in reference to his country, Venice. Esto quod es; quod sunt alii, sine quembites esse: Quod non es, nolis; quod potes esse, velis. "Be what you really are; let any other person be what others are. Do not wish to be that which you are not, and wish to be that which you can be." Esto quod esse videris. "Be what you seem to be." Motto of Lord Sondes. Esto, ut nunc multi, dives tibi, pauper amicis. Juv. "Be, as many are now-a-days, rich to yourself, poor to your friends." Eurienti ne occurras. "Do not encounter a starving man." An enemy reduced to desperation is likely to prove formidable. Et cetera. — "And the rest." Denoted by — &c. Et credis cineres curare sepultos? Virg. — "And do you suppose that the ashes of the dead care for what passes on earth?" Et dicam, Mea sunt; injuncti manus. Ovid. — "And I will say, 'They are mine,' and will lay hands on them." Et dubitamus adhuc virtutem extendere factis? Virg. — "And do we hesitate to extend our glory by our deeds?" Et errat longe mea quidem sententid, Qui imperium credit gravius esse aut stabtlius J'i quod fit, quam Mud, quod amicitid adjungltur. Ter. — "He is very much mistaken, in my opinion, at all events, who thinks that an authority is more firm, or more lasting, which is established by force, than that which is founded on affection." Et facere et pati fortia Bomdnum est. Livt. — " To act bravely and to suffer bravely is the part of a Roman." Efert suspensos, corde micante, gradus. Ovid. — "And with palpitating heart he advances on tiptoe." Et genus et formam regina pecunia donai. Hor. — "Money, that queen, bestows both birth and beauty." Money becomes the substitute for high lineage and good looks. Et genus et provos, et quae non fecimus ipsi, Via; ea nostra voco. Ovid. — "High lineage and ancestors, and such advantages as we have not made ourselves, all these I scarcely call our own." Et genus et virtus, nisi cum re, vultus alga est. Hor. — "Virtue and high birth, unless accompanied by wealth, are deemed more worthless than sea-weed." That is, by the unthinking part of the community. Et lateat vitium proximitate boni. Ovid. — "And let each fault lie concealed under the name of the good quality to which it is the nearest akin." See Et mala, &c. Et latro, et cautus procedentur ense viator; Ille sed insidias, Me sibi'portat opem. Ovid. — "Both the cut-throat and the wary traveller is girded with the sword; but the one carries it for the purposes of crime, the other as a means of defense." Et magis adducto pomum decerpere ramo, Quam de cceldtd sumere lance juvat. Ovid. — "It is more gratifying too, to pull down a branch and pluck an apple, than to take one from a graven dish." Et mala sunt vicina bonis; errore sub illo pro vltio virtus crimina scepe dedit. Ovid. — "There are bad qualities too near akin to good ones: by confounding the one." For the other, a virtue has often borne the blame for a vice. See Et lateat, &c. Et male tornatos incudi reddere versus. Hob. — "And to return ill-polished verses to the anvil." Et mea cymba semel vastd percussa procelli Ilium, quo IcEsa est, horret adere locum. Ovid. — "My bark too, once struck by the overwhelming storm, dreads to approach the spot on which it has been shattered." Et meae, (si quid loquar audiendum,) Vocis accedet bona pars. Hon. — "Then, if I can offer anything worth hearing, my voice shall readily join in the general acclamation." Et mihi, Propositum perfice, dixit, opus. Ovid. — "And said to me, Complete the work that you design." Et mihi res, non me rebus, submittere conor. Hon. — "I en deavour to conquer circumstances, not to submit to them." Ut minima vires frangere quassa talent. Ovid. — "A very little violence is able to break a thing once cracked." If we give way to dejection, we shall be unable to struggle against the caprice of fortune. Ut monere, et moneri, proprium est verce amicitiae. Cic. — "To advise, and be advised, is the duty of true friendship." Ut nati natorum, et qui nascentur ab litis. Virg. — "The children of our children, and those who shall be born of them." Our latest posterity. Et neque jam color est misto candre rubbri; Nee vigor, et vires, et qua? modo visa placebant; Nee corpus rtmanet Ovid. "And now, no longer is his complexion of white mixed with red; neither his vigor nor his strength, nor the points which charmed when seen so lately, nor even his body, now remains." Et nova fictaque nuper habebunt verba idem, si Gracio fonte cadunt parce detorta. Hob. — "And now and lately invented terms will have authority, if they are derived from Greek sources, with but little deviation." Et nulli cessiira fides, sine crlmine mores, Nudaque simplicitas, purpureusque pudor. Ovid. — "A fidelity that will yield to none, manners above reproach, ingenuousness without guile, and blushing modesty." Et nunc omnis ager, nunc omnis parturit arbos; Nunc frondent sylvae, nunc formosissimus annus. Vieg. — "And now every field, now every tree, is budding forth; now the woods look green; now most beautiful is the year." A description of Spring. Et peccadre nefas, aut pretium est mori. Hob. — "It is forbidden to sin, or the reward is death." The sin to which the poet alludes, is that of adultery, as punished by the Scythians. So in Scripture, "The wages of sin is death." Bom. vi. 23. ET. 109 — — Et Philo digna locuti, Quique sui memores alios fecer inerendo; Omnibus his rived cinguntur tempore, vittd. VIRG. — "Those who have uttered things worthy of Phoebus, and those who have made others mindful of them by their merits, all these have their temples bound with the snow-white fillet." In his description of the rewards of Elysium, the poet classes his brethren, the disciples of Phoebus, with the benefactors of mankind. Et pudet, et metuo, semperque eademque precari, Ne subeant amore toedia justa tuo. Ovid. — "I am both ashamed and I dread to be always Making the same entreaties, lest a justifiable disgust should take possession of your feelings." Et quad sibi quisque timebat, Untus in miseri exiltium conversa tulere. Yieg. — "And what each man dreaded for himself, they bore lightly, when centered in the destruction of one wretched creature." A picture of the readiness with which man makes a scapegoat of his fellow-man. Et quando uberior vltiorum cbpia? Quando Major avaritim patuit sinus? Alea quando Hos amnios? Juv. And when was vice ever in greater force? When was there ever a greater scope for avarice? When did the dice more thoroughly enthral the minds of men? Et qui d'un nôt, ut in alios liberates sint, in edem sunt injustità, ut si in sua rem aliena convertant. Cic. — "And those who injure one party to benefit another, are quite as unjust, as if they converted the property of others to their own benefit." Et qui nolunt occidere qu'enquam posse volunt. Jut. — "Even those who have no wish to slay another, are wishful to have the power." In allusion to the ambitious thirst for power. Et quiescenti agendum est, et agenti quiescendum est. Sen. — "He who is indolent should labor, and he who labours should take repose." Et rident stolidi verba Latina, — Ovid. — "And the fools laugh at Latin words." Una mortibus mortis. Prov. — "M is both blood and life to men." Et si non attaque nocuisses, mortuus esses. VIG. — "And what follows." Generally written in short, et seq. Et si non attaque nocuisses, mortuus esses. VIG. — "And if you could not have hurt him some way or other, would have died (of spite)." Et si de similitis. — "And so of the like." Et tfnuit nostras numerus Hordtius aures. Ovid. — "I have a race too, with his varied numbers, charmed my ears." Et vhiiam pro Jaude peto; lauddtus dbundr, Non fastid'itus si tibi, lector, ero. Ovi i>. "Pardon too, in place of praise, do I crave; abundant reader, shall I be praised, if I do not cause thee to lag? Et vitam impendere vero." And in the cause of truth to lay down life." Etiam omnes artes qua ad humanitatem pertinent, quoddam commune vinculum, et quasi cognatione quoddam inter se continentur. Cic. — "All the arts appertain in civilized life, are united by a kind of common bond, and are connected, as it were, by a certain relationship." Etiam capillus unus habet umbram suam. Stb. — "Even a single hair has its shadow." The most trivial thing has its utility and importance. Etiam citeritas in desiderio, mora est. Syb. — "In d even swiftness itself is delay." Etiam fera animaria, si clausa teneas, virtutis obliviscuntur. — "Savage animals even, if you keep them in confinement, forget their Etiam fortes viros sublitis terreri. Tacit. — "The minds of resolute men even may be alarmed by sudden events." And on the other hand, weak men are then found resolute. Etiam in secundisstmis rebus maxime est utendum consilio amicbrum. Cic. — "Even in our greatest prosperity, we ought by all means to take the advice of our friends." Etiam innocentes cogit menti dolor. Stb. — "Pain makes even the innocent liars." Etiam oblivisci quod scis, interdum expedit. Stb. — "It is sometimes as well to forget what you know." Etiam Parnassia laurus Parva sub ingenti matris se subficit umbra. VlBGk ETI— EX. Ill — "Ever, the Parnassian laurel shelters itself beneath the dense shade of its mother." Said of the suckers which shoot up from the root. Etiam sandto vulnere cicatrix manet. Srit. — "Even when the wound is healed, the scar remains." Injuries are more often forgiven than forgotten. Etiam si Cato dicat. Prov. — "Even if Cato were to say so — I would not believe it: Cato being a man of the most scrupulous integrity. Etiam stultis acuit ingenium fames. Tint. — "Hunger sharpens even the wits of fools." Etsi pervivo usque ad sumrnam cetatem, tanien Breve spatium est perferundi quae miriitas mihi. Plaut. — "Though I should live even to an extreme age, still, short is the time for enduring what you threaten me with." Euge poetce. Pees. — "Well done, ye poets!" Eum ausculta, cui quodtuor sunt aures. Prov. — "Listen to him who has four ears." Attend to persons who show themselves more ready to hear than to speak. Eventus stultorum magister est. Liv. — "Experience is the master of fools." Pools are only to be taught by experience. Eversis omnibus rebus, quum consilio profici nihil possit, una ratio videtur ; quidquid evenerit, ferre moderate. Cic. — " When we are utterly ruined, and when no counsel can profit us, there seems to be one way open to us ; whatever may happen, to bear it with moderation." Evoldre rus ex urbe tanquam ex vinculis. Cic. — " To fly from the town into the country, as though from chains." Ex abundanti cauteld. — "From excess of precaution." Ex abusu non arguitur ad usum. Law Max. — " We must not argue, from the abuse of a thing, against the use of it." Ex abusu non argumentum ad desuetudinem. Law 3Iax. — " The abuse of a thing is no argument for its discontinu- ance." Ex aequo et bonojudicdre. — M To judge in fairness and equity." Ex arena fwilculum nectis. JProv. — " You are for making a rope of sand." You are attempting an impossibility. Ex auribus cognoscitur asinus. JProv. — "An ass is known by his ears." 112 EX. Ex cathMrA, — "From the chair," or "pulpit." Coming from high authority, and therefore to be relied on. Ex concesso. — "From what has been conceded." An argu- ment ex concesso, or from what the opponent has ad- mitted. Ex contractu. — " From contract." Ex curid. — " Out of court." Ex d&bito justitiee. — " From what is due to justice." Ex delicto. — " From the crime." Ex desuetudine amittuntur privitigia. Law Max. — " Eights are forfeited by non-user. Ex diuturnit dicunt temporis omnia praesumuntur esse solemntter acta. Law Max. — "From length of time everything is presumed to have been solemnly done." Ex eddem ore cdlidum etfrigidum effidre. — "To blow hot and cold with the same mouth." This adage is founded on the Fable of the Satyr and the Traveler. Ex factis non ex dictis am'tci pensandi. Li V. — "Friends are to be estimated from their deeds, not their words." Ex factis non oritur. Law Max. — "The law arises from the fact." Until the nature of the crime is known, the law cannot be put in force. Ex habitu Muntes metientes. Cic. — "Estimators of men from their outward appearances." Ex humili magna ad fasti gia rerum Extollit, quodties virtutfortuna jocdri. Juv. — "As oft as fortune is in sportive mood, she raises men from an humble station to the highest pinnacle of power." Ex inimico Cigit posse fieri amicum. Sen. — "Think that you may possibly make of an enemy a friend." Avoid extremes in enmities. See Amicum, &c. Ex magna ccena stomdehofit maxima poena, Ut sis node levis, sit tibi ccena brevis. — "From a heavy supper great uneasiness to the stomach is produced; that you may enjoy a good night's rest, let your supper be moderate." A Leonine or rhyming couplet, not improbably issued by the School of Health at Salerno. Ex malis mbribus bonce leges nata sunt. Coke. — "From bad manners good laws have sprung." Ex mero motu. — "From a mere motion;" of one's own free will. Ex necessitate rei. — "From the urgency of the case." Ex nihilo nihil Jit. — "From nothing nothing is made." Ex nihilo nihil Jit. — "From nothing nothing is made." Ex officio. — "By virtue of his office." Ex btio plus negbtii quam ex negbtio habPmus. Old Scholiast. — "From our leisure we get more to do, than from our business." Especially when it gives us the opportunity of falling into mischief. Ex parte. Law Term. — "On one part." Evidence given on one side only is called ex parte. Ex pede Herculem. Prov. — "You may judge of Hercules from his foot." Pythagoras ascertained the length of the foot of Hercules by taking the length of the Olympic stadium or course, which was six hundred feet, originally measured by the foot of the hero. He thence came to the conclusion that his height was six feet seven inches. From this circumstance was formed the proverb, meaning that we may judge of the whole from the part. Ex post facto. Law Term. — "Done after another thing." A law enacted purposely to take cognizance of an offence already committed, is, so far as that individual offence is concerned, an ex post Ex quovis ligno non et Mercurius. Prov. — "A Mercury is not to be made out of every log." Mercury being a graceful god, it was not out of every piece of wood that his statue could be made. Ex tempore. — "Off-hand." On the spur of the moment, or, without preparation. Ex umbra in solem. Prov. — "Out of the shade into the sunshine." You have rendered clear what was obscure before. Ex ungue leonem. Prov. — "You can tell the lion by his claw." The master's hand may be known in the specimen. | 12,996 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18102395 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Andorracallis | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 873 | 2,780 | Andorracallis
Andorracallis wissenschaftlicher Name Andorracallis
Andorracallis taxonomischer Rang Gattung
Andorracallis ist ein(e) Taxon
Andorracallis übergeordnetes Taxon Röhrenblattläuse
Andorracallis GBIF-ID 2071443
Andorracallis FaEu-GUID d9666036-059e-41e7-8ed1-438b36191f69
Andorracallis IRMNG-ID 1247542
Andorracallis CoL-ID 8NM4L
Andorracallis OTT-ID 4192336
Andorracallis
genere di insetti
Andorracallis nome scientifico Andorracallis
Andorracallis livello tassonomico genere
Andorracallis istanza di taxon
Andorracallis taxon di livello superiore Aphididae
Andorracallis categoria principale dell'argomento Categoria:Andorracallis
Andorracallis identificativo GBIF 2071443
Andorracallis identificativo IRMNG 1247542
Andorracallis identificativo Catalogue of Life 8NM4L
Andorracallis
genus of insects
Andorracallis taxon name Andorracallis
Andorracallis taxon rank genus
Andorracallis instance of taxon
Andorracallis parent taxon Aphididae
Andorracallis topic's main category Category:Andorracallis
Andorracallis GBIF taxon ID 2071443
Andorracallis Fauna Europaea New ID d9666036-059e-41e7-8ed1-438b36191f69
Andorracallis IRMNG ID 1247542
Andorracallis Catalogue of Life ID 8NM4L
Andorracallis Open Tree of Life ID 4192336
Andorracallis
género de insectos
Andorracallis nombre del taxón Andorracallis
Andorracallis categoría taxonómica género
Andorracallis instancia de taxón
Andorracallis taxón superior inmediato Aphididae
Andorracallis identificador de taxón en GBIF 2071443
Andorracallis Fauna Europaea New ID d9666036-059e-41e7-8ed1-438b36191f69
Andorracallis identificador IRMNG 1247542
Andorracallis identificador Catalogue of Life 8NM4L
Andorracallis identificador Open Tree of Life 4192336
Andorracallis
genre d'insectes
Andorracallis nom scientifique du taxon Andorracallis
Andorracallis rang taxonomique genre
Andorracallis nature de l’élément taxon
Andorracallis taxon supérieur Aphididae
Andorracallis catégorie Catégorie:Andorracallis
Andorracallis identifiant Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2071443
Andorracallis identifiant Fauna Europaea d9666036-059e-41e7-8ed1-438b36191f69
Andorracallis identifiant Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera 1247542
Andorracallis identifiant Catalogue of Life 8NM4L
Andorracallis identifiant Open Tree of Life 4192336
Andorracallis
род насекоми
Andorracallis име на таксон Andorracallis
Andorracallis ранг на таксон род
Andorracallis екземпляр на таксон
Andorracallis родителски таксон Aphididae
Andorracallis основна категория за статията Категория:Andorracallis
Andorracallis IRMNG ID 1247542
Andorracallis
род насекомых
Andorracallis международное научное название Andorracallis
Andorracallis таксономический ранг род
Andorracallis это частный случай понятия таксон
Andorracallis ближайший таксон уровнем выше настоящие тли
Andorracallis идентификатор GBIF 2071443
Andorracallis код Fauna Europaea New d9666036-059e-41e7-8ed1-438b36191f69
Andorracallis идентификатор IRMNG 1247542
Andorracallis код Catalogue of Life 8NM4L
Andorracallis код Open Tree of Life 4192336
Andorracallis
taxon, geslacht van insecten
Andorracallis wetenschappelijke naam Andorracallis
Andorracallis taxonomische rang geslacht
Andorracallis is een taxon
Andorracallis moedertaxon Aphididae
Andorracallis GBIF-identificatiecode 2071443
Andorracallis nieuwe FaEu-identificatiecode d9666036-059e-41e7-8ed1-438b36191f69
Andorracallis IRMNG-identificatiecode 1247542
Andorracallis Catalogue of Life-identificatiecode 8NM4L
Andorracallis Open Tree of Life-identificatiecode 4192336
Andorracallis
Andorracallis taxon nomen Andorracallis
Andorracallis ordo genus
Andorracallis est taxon
Andorracallis parens Aphididae
Andorracallis
рід комах
Andorracallis наукова назва таксона Andorracallis
Andorracallis таксономічний ранг рід
Andorracallis є одним із таксон
Andorracallis батьківський таксон Справжні попелиці
Andorracallis ідентифікатор у GBIF 2071443
Andorracallis новий ідентифікатор Fauna Europaea d9666036-059e-41e7-8ed1-438b36191f69
Andorracallis ідентифікатор IRMNG 1247542
Andorracallis ідентифікатор Catalogue of Life 8NM4L
Andorracallis ідентифікатор Open Tree of Life 4192336
Andorracallis
xéneru d'inseutos
Andorracallis nome del taxón Andorracallis
Andorracallis categoría taxonómica xéneru
Andorracallis instancia de taxón
Andorracallis taxón inmediatamente superior Fam. Aphididae
Andorracallis
Andorracallis ainm an tacsóin Andorracallis
Andorracallis rang an tacsóin géineas
Andorracallis sampla de tacsón
Andorracallis máthairthacsón Aphididae
Andorracallis
gen de insecte
Andorracallis nume științific Andorracallis
Andorracallis rang taxonomic gen
Andorracallis este un/o taxon
Andorracallis taxon superior Aphididae
Andorracallis identificator Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2071443
Andorracallis
género de insetos
Andorracallis nome do táxon Andorracallis
Andorracallis categoria taxonómica género
Andorracallis instância de táxon
Andorracallis táxon imediatamente superior Aphididae
Andorracallis identificador Global Biodiversity Information Facility 2071443
Andorracallis IRMNG ID 1247542
Andorracallis
Andorracallis naukowa nazwa taksonu Andorracallis
Andorracallis kategoria systematyczna rodzaj
Andorracallis jest to takson
Andorracallis takson nadrzędny Mszycowate
Andorracallis identyfikator GBIF 2071443
Andorracallis identyfikator IRMNG 1247542
Andorracallis identyfikator Open Tree of Life 4192336
Andorracallis
Andorracallis tên phân loại Andorracallis
Andorracallis cấp bậc phân loại chi
Andorracallis là một đơn vị phân loại
Andorracallis đơn vị phân loại mẹ Aphididae
Andorracallis định danh GBIF 2071443
Andorracallis ID IRMNG 1247542
Andorracallis
gjini e insekteve
Andorracallis emri shkencor Andorracallis
Andorracallis instancë e takson
Andorracallis
Andorracallis
Andorracallis
hyönteissuku
Andorracallis tieteellinen nimi Andorracallis
Andorracallis taksonitaso suku
Andorracallis esiintymä kohteesta taksoni
Andorracallis osa taksonia Kirvat
Andorracallis Global Biodiversity Information Facility -tunniste 2071443
Andorracallis IRMNG-tunniste 1247542
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https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomaso%20Antonio%20Vitali | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Tomaso Antonio Vitali | https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomaso Antonio Vitali&action=history | Norwegian | Spoken | 324 | 724 | Tomaso Antonio Vitali (1663–1745) var en italiensk fiolinvirtuos og barokk-komponist.
Liv og virke
Tomaso var den eldste og mest begavede sønnen til Giovanni Battista Vitali (1632–1692). Som faren ble han allerede i ung alder opptatt i orkesteret ved San Petronio i Bologna. Faren ble i 1674 ansatt som visekapellmester hos hertug Francesco II. d'Este i Modena, og Tomaso Antonio fikk plass i hoffkapellet allerede som 13-åring. Fiolinspillet hans var så virtuost at han allerede i ung alder var sin far overlegen.
Vitali studerte komposisjon hos Antonio Maria Pacchioni i Modena og var virksom i hertugene d'Estes hofforkester fra 1675 to 1742. Blant Vitalis elever var Evaristo Dall'Abaco og Jean-Baptiste Senaillé (1688–1730), sønn av en av «kongens 24 fioliner» i Paris.
Tomaso etterfulgte faren som kapellmester ved d'Estenes hofforkester. Etter farens død i 1692 publiserte han i løpet av tre år tre samlinger triosonater og en samling fiolinsonater med generalbass. Tomaso forente kirkesonaten ("da chiesa") med kammersonaten ("da camera") til en egen form.
Chaconne
Vitalis' navn er knyttet til en storslått chaconne i g-moll for fiolin og generalbass som Ferdinand David tilskrev ham rundt 1860, men musikkvitere stiller spørsmål ved om chaconnen virkelig er av Vitali. Det håndskrevne manuskriptet fra Dresden inneholder bare oppføringene «Chaconne» og «Parte del Tomaso Vitalino», og stilen og de tekniske utfordringene antyder at det stammer fra en senere tid. Uansett gjorde verket at Tomaso Vitali fikk en enestående posisjon i musikkhistorien.
Verk
12 sonater for fiolin og basso continuo, ca1690 (i autografen betegnet som primizie (første verk))
Op.1 12 Sonata a trè Due Violini, e Violoncello, col Basso per l'Organo 1693
Op.2 12 Sonata a doi Violini, col Basso per l'Organo (1693)
Op.3 12 Sonate da Camera à tre, due Violini e Violone (1695)
Op.4 12 Concerto di sonate a Violino, Violoncello e Cembalo (1701)
Triosonate i Corona di dodici fiori armonici tessuta da atretanti ingegni sonori a 3 strumenti (1706)
Referanser
Barokkomponister
Italienske komponister
Italienske fiolinister
Personer fra Bologna | 2,235 |
historyofparkeve00bowe_36 | US-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | History of Parke and Vermillion counties, Indiana, with historical sketches of representative citizens and genealogical records of many of the old families .. | None | English | Spoken | 7,252 | 10,203 | Jacob S. Cole grew to manhood on the hume faruL where he helped with the work about the place, and he received his education in the rural schools and the high school at Rockville. In i860 he was united in marriage to Eliza Evans, whose death occurred in 1871, and subseciuently in that year he was again married, his last wife being Sarah C. Langford, who was born in In- diana and whose death occurred in 1893. The subject's family consisted of seven children, namely: Albert and Rose are deceased; .Vnna married Fred Dicks, and they live in Summit Grove, Vermillion county: Minnie was next in order: Claude, who married Abbie Bartlett; Blanche married P. \\'. Reeves, and they live in Indianapolis; Xellie married John .\. \\'ells, and they live near Carbon, Clay county, Indiana. Mr. Cole belongs to the ^Tasonic order at Brazil, Indiana. He i!^ a mem- TARKK AM) VERMII.I.IOX COUNTIES. IXDIAXA. 621 l)er of the Christian cluirch ami. pohtically. he cast his first vote for Abraham Linci)hi. hut is now a Progressive. He is a nienil)er xf the (irand Arinv of the RepubHc by virtue of the fact that in 1865 he enhsted in the Eleventli Indiana X'ohinteer Infantry, under Captain Mathews, in Putnam county, and he served \ery faitlifully on detailed duty until after the close of the war, being mustered out in .\ugust, 1865. Mr. Cole has always followed farming and has been uniformly success- ful, and he is now the owner of two hundred and eighty acres of good land on which he has put modern ini])rovements. He also owns valuable property in the city of Brazil, consisting of three vacant lots and three houses, which he rents. F. M. GATES. The record of the gentleman whose name introduces this sketch is that of a man who by his own unaided efforts has worked his way from a modest beginning to a position of influence and comparative prosperity in his com- munity. Throughout his career he has maintained the most creditable stand- ards of personal and business integrity, and without putting forth any efforts to the end of attaining popularity he has achieved it in a local way by the manner in which he has ever transacted the every-day aft'airs of a busy man. He is one of the veterans of the greatest war which history has recorded, having done his part in suppressing the liosts of rebellion and treason in our thus for numerous reasons his life history should Ix- given space in this history. nation's dire.st hour of peril. He is a son of one of our best old families, and thus for numerous reasons his life record should be given space in this history. F. M. Ciates was born on May 6, 1839, in i-'ayette county, Indiana, the son of A. 1!. and Almira ( Boden ) dates. The father was born on January 14. 1808. in New York, and he was one of the early .settlers of Indiana, com- ing here in 1816 when this state entered the Union, he being then eight years of age. His parents located with him in the eastern part of the state, and he spent the rest of his life among the Hoosiers, dying on July r. i()04. The mother of the subject was born in 1 814 in Ohio and died in 1867. .\. B. Gates followed farming. He furnished rock for several towns along the White Water canal, some rock for the canal when it was he'mg constructed, and afterwards he operated a mill. His family consisted of ten children, five of whom are still li\ing. F. M. Gates grew to manhood in his nati\e community, but lie had no chance to obtain an education, s|)ending atout a year in school. He never 622 PARKE AND VERMILLION COUNTIES, INDIANA. carried a slate. Ho\ve\'er. this lack was made up for later in life by actual contact with the business world and by home reading of a miscellaneous sort. He has been three times married, uniting with his present wife in 1887. She was known in her maidenhood as M. Newite. The subject has two children, A. B. Gates, who married A. Gargus, and they live in Logansport; Viola, who married George Kerr, lives in Parke county. Mr. Gates began the saw-mill business in 1858 in Putnam county, and later he helped build the Rock\-ille road. He has been very successful in a business way and has been retired four years. He is the owner of valuable land in Lena, also one hundred and forty-five acres in Jackson township, eighty acres of which is tillable, the balance being good pasturage. I\Ir. Gates enlisted in August, 1861, in Company I. Thirt}--first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Harvey, and was sworn into the Union service on September 6th, of that year, at Terre Haute. Pie was sick at Cal- houn and laid up there three months, then was sent to Evansville, and dis- charged on February 9, 1863, after a very faithful service in defense of the flag in numerous engagements. Politicall}', lie is a Republican, and religiously a Baptist. GREEN T. TAYLOR. Throughout his life Green T. Taylor, one of Parke county's progressive farmers, has manifested the most creditable standards of integrity in both private and business life, which has always been one of unceasing industry and perseverance, and the systematic and honorable methods which he has followed ha\'e won him the unbounded confidence of his fellow men. He is a native of the Blue Grass state and, like mo.st men from there, is genial and hospitable and is therefore liked wherever he is known. Mr. Taylor was born on December 15, 1856, in Kentucky, and he is a son of Calvin and Rose (Smith) Taylor. The father was born in Kentucky and the mother in Virginia and they are both deceased. Calvin Taylor was a mechanic by trade, also a farmer, owning two good farms. His family con- sisted of five children, two of whom are still living. Green T., of this sketch, and John, of near Bedford, Indiana. Green T. Taylor grew to manhood on the home farm and received his education in the common schools. He came to Indiana when }-oung and was married in Monroe county in 1873 to Mary L. Browning, daughter of An- drew L. and Sarah Browning, to which union four children have been born, PARKE AND \i:kM 1 i.l.K IN COUNTIES, INDIANA. 623 nauK'l} : William, who married Sarah liratton. is preaching in Xewton county; Calvin Y. married Lottie Martin, and they live on a farm three miles west of that of the subject; Lucy is at home; Rosa is deceased. Mr. Taylor has always followed farming and general stock raising, and continued success has followed his efforts. He is now the owner of two hundred and forty acres, about one hundred acres of which are under a high state of cultivation. He has improved his place until it now ranks with the best in the township. He has a comfortable home and good outbuildings, and an excellent grade of livestock is to be seen about his fields. Mr. Taylor is one of the honored veterans of the great civil struggle between the states, he having enlisted in November, 1863, in the Forty-ninth Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, under Captain LaForce. and he saw consid- erable hard service, participating in several great battles, such as Nashville and Perrysville. He was out a little over a year, being honorably discharged in December, 1865. Mr. Taylor attends and supports the United Brethren church. Politi- callv, he is a Republican and takes considerable interest in local affairs. Since Septeml^er i, 1910, he has been incumbent of the office of county commis- sioner, the duties of which he has discharged in an able and acceptable manner. \VILLL-\M I'. RL.AKE. One of the best known pioneer native sons of Parke county, gallant sol- dier and successful farmer and stock raiser, is William P. Blake, of Union township, W'here he has spent .his life, having had the rare privilege of re- maining on the old homestead for a period of three-quarters of a century. That he has been a skillful tiller of the soil is seen from the fact that he has kept the old place in such a condition that it has produced abundant crops an- nually and at the same time has not been depleted of its original fertility and streneth of soil. His life has been an industrious and honest one and he has ever stood well in the community. Mr. Blake was born in a log cabin on the place which he now owns on January 28, 1837, and he is a son of Charles L. and Barbara (Miller) Blake. The father was born in Ohio, in March, 1809, and his death occurred in March, 1878. The mother of the subject was born in 1816 . in Ohio, from which state she came to Indiana when a girl, and her death occurred in Janu- ary, 1864. These parents devoted their lives to general farming, and they had eight children, four of whom are still living. 624 PARKE AXI) VERMILLION COUNTIES. INDIANA. William P. Blake grew to manhood on the home farm and there found plenty of hard work to do w hen a boy, as the son of a pioneer, and he received a limitetl education in the common schools. Mr. Blake has been twice married, first in I-'ebruary, iS6j, to Louisa McGilvery, whose death occurred in 1874, and in December, 1877. he was united in marriage to Mary E. (Jack) Blake, who was bom in October, 1838, the daughter of James T. Jack, and her death occurred in 1910. The subject was the father of six children, two of whom are still li\-ing, namely: Charles W'., deceased; George S. has remained single: Mary E. is deceased; Cora E. is deceased : Sarah E. is deceased : William P. ^fr. Blake has devoted his life to agricultural pursuits and prosperity has attentled his efforts. He is now the owner of five hundred acres of valuable land, all in Union township, but about eighty acres which lie in Greene township. Jle has long carried on general farming and stock raising on an extensi\e scale, and he is regarded as one of the most successful and sub- stantial farmers of the county. He has a commodious home and large, con- venient outbuildings, everything about his place denoting thrift and good management. Fraternallv, he belongs to the Masonic order at Rockville, and polit- ically he is a Republican. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Re- public by virtue of the fact that he enlisted on July 31, 1862, in the Seventy- eighth Indiana \'olunteer Infantry. Having been on detached duty most of the time and sick awhile, he did not see much fighting, though he participated in one skirmish. He was honorably discharged in September. 1862. CHARLES N. FULTZ. It is proper that the descendants of the old settlers, those who cleared the land of its primitive woods, should see that the doings of the earlier years are fittingly remembered and recorded. It was said by one of the greatest his- torians that those who take no interest in the deeds of their ancestors are not likelv to do anything worthy to be remembered by their descendants. Charles N. Fultz, one of the leading young attorneys of Vermillion county, is a scion of one of the early families of this locality, many of whose worthy character- istics he seems to have inherited, for he believes in keeping busy, being public spirited, doing what he can toward furthering the interests of his community. PARKE AND VEKMIIJ.IOX COUNTIES, INDIANA. 625 at the same time so guarding his conduct as to merit the confidence and resiject of his acquaintances and friends. Mr. Fultz was born in Eugene township, \'ermillion county, Indiana. December 21, 1879, and he is a son of Albert F. and Ida M. (Johnson) Fultz, both natives of this county. William Fultz, great-grandfather of the subject, came to this county as early as 1826 or 1827, from Pennsylvania, and purchased land at a government sale in Eugene townslii]), on what was called Sand prairie, and there he followed farming the rest of his life, de- veloping a good farm from the wilderness through hard work and persever- ance, enduring the hardships incident to such a life on the frontier. He be- came one of the leading citizens of this locality and added to his original pur- chase as he prospered until he became the owner of between two thousand and three thousand acres of land. On part of this land lived the subject's paternal grandparents, Isaac and Ann (Keller) Fultz, and the subject's maternal grandmother, Levisa Bailey, was also a very early settler. To Isaac Fultz and wife were bom four children, namely: Albert, father of Charles X.. of this sketch ; William W., of Eugene, this county ; Clara, who married Ed. Whipple, deceased ; Isaac Edward w as the youngest. Albert Fultz, father of these children, was educated at what was known as the lies school, a mile north of old Eugene, and he followed farming many years, moving to the village of Eugene in 1884, where he followed carpentering and contracting and is still thus successfully engaged. He has taken an interest in public affairs and has been township assessor for twenty years. He married Ida X. Johnson, daughter of Edward B. Johnson, and to this union seven children were born, six of whom are still living, namely : Charles N., of this review ; Mamie married Earl Chaffee, of Crawfordsville; Pearl married Frank Shel- lenberger, of Keokuk, Iowa; Jesse, who married IHorence Turner, lives in Newport; Audrey and Doyne both live in Eugene, this count}-. Tiie father of these children is a Democrat and acti\e in party affairs. He belongs to tiie Loyal Order of Moose. Mrs. I-"ultz is a member of the Presbyterian church. Charles X'. Fultz, of this sketch, was educated in the public schools of Eugene, later attending the Indiana I'nivcrsity at Bloomington, from which institution he was graduated in ^goh. in the law department. He began life for himself as teacher in the high school at Eugene, in which capacity he gave eminent satisfaction. Since IQ06 he has been successfully engaged in the practice of law at Xew])ort. and has built up very lucrative and satisfactory l)ractice. in Xovemlier. i<;i(i. he entered into partnershi]) with Houht !'.. Aikman. which still continues, this l)eing one of the most pojiular tnni- in \'erniillion and I'arke comities. ( 40 ) 626 PARKE 'AXD \ER.MILl,ION COrXTIES. INDIANA. -Mr. I'ultz was married on April 9. 1902, to Goldie Smith, tlaughter of H. j. Smith, of Georgetown, Ilhnois. rohticallv, ]\Ir. Fultz is a Democrat and has always laeen loyal in his sup- port of the part}', being influential in local attairs. He was formerl\- attorney for Cayuga. He is a directt)r in the Citizens State Hank of Newport. Vra- ternally, he was master of the Masonic lodge at Newport for three years, and he belongs to the Royal Arch Masons at Clinton, the Order of Eastern Star, the Knights of Pythias and the Pythian Sisters. He is a young man of fine personal character and is popular with all classes. WILLIAM RIGGS. The career of William Riggs has been varied, but to whatever he has turned his attention to he has succeeded most admirably, for he seems to have a versatility of talents, and, being willing to ])ut forth his best efforts always and do conscientious work, he has ne\er f.niled to ha\e the confidence of his employers and the good will of those with whom he had dealings. He is at present top boss with the Mecca Coal Company, of this county, with which he has labored for years, mostly in a tra\-eling capacit\-. his long retention being sufficient criterion of his faithfulness to dut\- and also of his exemplarx' per- sonal habits. .Mr. Riggs was born nn October 10, iS()4. in Cla\- countx'. Indiana, and he is a son of William j. and Carolina ( Ta}dor ) Riggs. The father was a native of Tennessee and the mother was l)orn in Georgia, each representing old Southern families, and they s])ent their earlier years in the South, the father of the subject having renio\'ed to Indiana and locating permanentlv in the year 1863. .\nd here he and his wife ^pent the residue of their da\'S, both being now deceased, the father dying in 1883 and the mother passing away in 1898. They spent their lives on a farm. Nine children were born to them. Five of whom are still li\'ing. .Mr. l\iL;'gs. lit tliis rexiew , grew to manhood in hi> natixe localilx. and lie recei\'ed his education in the pr.lilic schools. On .Max' 1 1, iS(jo. he was united in mari.'ige to Miram Heacox. who was born on Jul\- 31. 1S71, and who was educated in the common schools in I'arke county. She is a daughter of Hiram and F.lizal)elh ( l)eacons) Heaco.x. To the sultject and wife luue l)een l)orn eight children, namely: Cabin, who married May Barton, of Kockxille: Charles is at home: -\lbert. William, Edward, Gladvs. Sherman and Howard. PARKE AN'I) VF.RMILI.ION COK XTI l':S, INDIANA. 62/ Mr. l\ii;;i;s was reared nn a farm ami he lollnwcil llial line <'\ en(lea\'or with ijratitviiio- results until he was ahout twenty-tour years old. Later he went into the tiniher husiuess, handling;' shinj^les and staves, etc.. and he built up a successful trade which claimed his attention for some time. He next went to the Otter Creek Coal Com[)any, with which he remained. tii\'ing eminent satisfaction until he went to the .Mecca Coal dimpany alxmt 1900, and he is now to]) boss with this concern. Durins^" his twelve years of ser\-ice with this company he has been held in the highest esteem Ij\ his employers. PoliticalK, .Mr. Riggs is a Pro'gressi\-e and. fraternally, he belimgs to the Knights of ]'\thias. Religiously, he is a meml)er of the Methodist Iqjiscopal church. EDGAR R. STEPHENS. It is customary for the people of the United States to look upon every boy as a possible future occupant of any office within the gift of the people. This is one of the main reasons that we rejoice in this country and its institu- tions, for all parents know that it is not an impossibility for their boy to occupy the highest positions in [nibbc and business life in the land. There is something in this thought to work for. Xot merely the accumulation of dol- lars and cents, but the acquirement of an honored ])osition in civic and social circles is something worth fighting for in the great war for existence. In pioneer times jieople had enough to do to make a respectable li\ing, without taking into account the higher problems of society and civilization, but that time is past and a better time has arrived, with higher hopes, promises and rewards. Acconlingly. where once stood the pioneer caiiin is now the commo- dious and comfortable residence of the well-tn-do descendant, with its piano, its college graduate and its library of books and periodicals. P.ut the children of today little reckon of the many weary steps taken by their fathers to reach this desirable state of advancement and conifort. Edgar R. Stephens, one of the most progressive business men of NewpDrt. Vermillion county, is a de- scendant of such a pioneer. R. E. Stephens, a complete sketch of whom will be found on another page of this work. Edgar R. Stephens was born at Xewpurt Indiana. Octolier g. 1867. and is a son of R. h". ;uid .M. E. ( Se.xton ) Stepliens. natives of X'ermillidU county. each representing fine old families, members of wiiich have been well known here from the days of the early settlers. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood in his native community and here attended the public schools, later 628 PARKE AND VERMILLION COUNTIES, INDIANA. entering the Shattuck School at Fairbault, Minnesota, also took the course at De Pauw University, Greencastle, Indiana. Thus well equipped from an educational standpoint, he began life for himself in 1887 by engaging in the drug and general merchandise business in Newport, and he has continued in these lines to the present time with ever-increasing success, having built up an extensive and lucrative trade with the surrounding country. He has been alone all the while with the exception of two years, when he was in partner- ship with H. B. Rhodes. He always carried a large and carefully selected stock of goock and his store is neatly kept. By his courtesy and honesty he has won the confidence and good will of his hundreds of regular customers. He de\otes all his time to his business. Mr. .Stephens was married on January 8, 1894, to Dora Michener, daugh- ter of A. and Maria Michener, a highly respected family of Spencer, Indiana. To this union one child has been born, Charlotte Stephens. Politically, Mr. Stephens is a Republican and was town treasurer for a period of fourteen years, his long retention being sufficient evidence of his high standing in the community and his faithful work as a public servant. Fraternally, he is a member of tlie Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Court of Honor and the Modern Woodmen of America, and is prominent in fraternal circles here. WILLIAM N. COX. One of the well known attorneys and business men of Parke and \^er- million counties who has long occupied a prominent place in the esteem of the people of the Wabash country is William N. Cox, of Bloomingdale. As an attorney he is regarded as a careful and painstaking member of the local bar and as a business man fair dealing is his watchword in all his transac- tions, so that he has always enjoyed the confidence and universal respect of the people of this locality. He has devoted his attention for the last fifteen years principally to real estate, insurance, loans and collections, in which he has been very successful. He is optimistic, looking on the bright side of life and never complains at the rough places in the road, knowing that life is a battle in which no victories are won by the slothful, but that the prize is to the \igilant and the strong. Mr. Cox was born on a farm in the northern part (jf Peun township, which his grandfather Cox entered from the government when this section TAKKK A.M) \I';K.\1 II.LIOX COLXTIES, INDIANA. 629 of tlie country was a wilderness; thus the Cox family has been well known here since the pioneer days and its several members have played no inconspicuous part in the general develupmenl of the same. Pxitli .Mien Cox and Samuel Hockett. grandfathers of the subject (if this re\iew. were natives of North Carolina, having been born near Guilford. The ])arents of William X. Cox were Adam and Sarah Cox, well known and highly resijected ])eople of Parke county during a past generation. The father's death occurred on January 17, 1812, and the mother pas.sed away on Jaiiuar\- 3, i(jo8, the former at the age of seventy-seven years and the latter w hen seventy-three years old. William N. Cox grew to manhood on the home farm and there assisted with the general work aliout the place, attemhng tlu' local pulilic schools dur- ing the winter months. Early in life he entered Friends' Blorjmingdale .\cad- emy, taking a special course under Prof. A. !■'. Mitchell's jirincipalshi]). He studied law and was admitted to the Rockx illc bar in ic)(U. As \ ears ]iassed he began taking an acti\e interest in ]iulibr affairs ami, his jieculiar tilness for positions of public trust soon attracting the attention of the people, he has been elected to a number of important local offices, in all i>f which he has discharged his duties in an able and conscientious manner ;md tn the eminent satisfaction of all concerned, lie i> ;U tlii> writing serving his second term as ]>robation officer of Parke county, to which office he was ap])ointe(l b\ Judge Aikman. Since 1903 he has ser\ed the town of Illoomingdale as town clerk and is now serving as clerk and treasurer. I le is regarded as one of the most progressi\e and ].)ublic-spirited citizens nf lilonmingdale and ha> done much toward general improvement, alwavs contributing freely of his time and means to the town's welfare. As a business man he has built up a large and rapidly increasing patronage in insurance, real estate, loans and collec- tions. Bv his straightforward methods he has gained the confidence of the people. Mr, Cox was married in 1899 to ( Irace Cotuiellv, of Coffey\ille, Kansas, daughter of Charlie Connelly, who was killed by the 1 )alton gang during their last raid, on the Cofifeyville banks, alxtiit i8(;o, ai which time five of the num- ber were killed, Emmett Dalton being captured and imprisoned for a period of twentv-one years, and now resides in P>artles\ ille. Oklahoma. .\lr. Connelly was marshall of Coffeyville at the time, and was known there as a br;i\(- and able officer, well liked by the people. Mr. Cox and wife purchased a i)leasant home in Bloomingdalc at the time of their marriage. Three daughters, Marcia. .\ileen and Mary, were born to them. The wife and mother passed to her rest in 1908 at the age of thirtv-seven vears, her birth having occurred on August ig, 1871. Her 630 I'AKKE AXD \ERMILI.IOX COUNTIES, INDIANA. mother was ^^ary McCord, daughter of Newton McCord, a prominent citi- zen of Parke county, in his day and generation. Mr. Cox has succeeded in keeping his little girls together, giving them e\ery possible attention and advantage. He has three brothers, U. C. Cox, of Bloomingdale, Indiana: E. E. Cox, a clothier of Greenville, Illinois, and A. A. Cox, chief contractor and builder on the agricultural exj^eriment farm, an adjunct to the Chicago University. HENRY WATSON. In studying the life history of Henry Watson, well known business man of Newport, who has long been closely identified with the interests of that city and Vermillion county, we find many qualities in his make-up that ahvays gain definite success in any career if properly directed, as they have evidently been done in his case. With a mind capable of planning, he combines a will strong enough to execute his well-formulated purposes, and his great energy, sound judgment and perse\'erance ha\e resulted in success, and at the same time he has so guarded his conduct as to retain the undivided respect and good will of the people of this locality. Mr. \\'atson was born in Helt township, X'ermillion county, Indiana, January 16, 1867, and he is a son of James and Lucy J. (Good) Watson, the father a native of Butler count}-, Ohin, and the mother of Frankfort, Ken- tucky. John Watson, the paternal grandfather, was a natix'e of Ohio, devot- ing his life to farming. He came to \'ermillion county, Indiana, where he spent some time, but later returned to his native state, where he died. There were thirteen children in his family, three of whom are still living, namely : James, father the subject; Lucy and Hannah. James Watson is still engaged in farming in Helt township. His family consists of the following children: James Monroe lives in Hillsdale: Henry, of this review: B. F., of Terre Haute ; Mary G. married W. L. Pearman, deceased : Otis A. lives in Clinton, Indiana; Ella, who married Lon Baum, of Clinton, and Delia, who married Edgar Lewis, of Kansas City, are twins: Joseph H. li\es in Terre Haute. James Watson, father of the above named children, followed flat-boating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans in the early days, and he has many interesting reminiscences of those times. After lea\ing the river he took up farming. Politically, he is a Republican. Henry \\^atson grew up on the home farm in Helt township and was edu- rARKIi AND VHKMILLION COUNTIES, INDIANA. 63 1 catcd in the country schools. Early in lite he learned the barher's trade, which he followed for a period of twenty-five years, becoming widely known throughout this section. Eighteen years of that time were spent in .\'ew- port. In HJ02 he added gents" furnishing and custom tailoring to his ijusi- ness and this grew to such ])r()portions that in 1911 he al>andoned the barber business and has since devoted all his attention to merchandising anrl is build- ing uj) a large and growing trade. Mr. Watson was married on October 4. 1900, to Minnie Bell, daughter of Capt. James A. and Elizabeth Bell, an influential family of Vermillion county. Mrs. Watson was born in Newport, Indiana. December 31, 1872, and her death occurred on April 21. igii. She was a memher of the Metho- dist church and a prominent member of the Daughters of Rebekah. She was noted as a singer and was in great demand at entertainments and funerals. She was a woman of many winning characteristics and was popular with a very wide circle of frieds. Politically, Mr. Watson is a Republican and he was a member of the town board for four years, discharging his duties most faithfully. He be- longs to the Methodist church, and fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order nf Odfl Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of America. GEORGE H. LINEBARGER. Among the nati\e-born residents of Reser\e townsiiip. Parke county, Indiana, who have reached a well merited success we must certainly include the name of George H. Linebarger. He is now at the threshold of his se\en- ty-seventh year and his long life here has Ijeen fraught with much good, he ha\ ing been prosperous in his agricultural calling. l'"ew men are better known in this township and county than he. for here his long and active life has been spent and he has li\ed to see many wondrous changes take place in his home community, and has been no idle s]:)ectator either, having assisted in the gen- eral improvement of the same from his earlier years to the present time. Honesty and fair dealing have been his watchwords, and these twin \irtues ha\'c been personified in his acti\e life. .Mr. Linebarger was born in Reserve township. Parke county. Indiana. December 20, i83(). He is the son of .\ndreu and Elizabeth (Burton) Linei)arger. the father a native of 1-incoln county. Xorth Carolina, from which place he came with his parents to Parke county, Indiana, when a boy 632 PARKE AXD VERMILLIOX COUNTIES, INDIANA. and liere spent the rest of his hfe, becoming a successful farmer and citizen. The mother of the subject was a native of Reserve township, Parke county. For a fuller account of the Linebarger family the reader is directed to the sketch cif Levi J. Linebarger, appearing on another page of this work. George H. Linebarger was reared to manhood in his native township and here he has been content to spend his life. He attended the public schools in his native community, and when of proper age took up general farming and stock raising, which he has continued until recently. Mr. Linebarger was married, first to Mary \\'right. a native of Parke county, this state, and a daughter of Prior Wright and wife. By this first union one daughter. Julia Linebarger. was born, who became the wife of Conrad i''arner. The wife and mother passed away in 1867, and the sub- ject was .■iubsequentlv married, in i87_'. to Rettie Hocker. a native of Parke countv. Indiana, and a daughter of L'riah Hocker and v, ife. To this last union have been born the following children: Mary was the eldest; Prof. John A., of Rockville, Indiana: Walter died when seventeen years of age; Ivah married Arthur Scott, and she is a missionary in South America : Mel- vina was next in order of birth; .\lma died when thirteen years old. Mr. Linebarger is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a liberal supporter of the same, and was license<l to preach in 186(5. He has done a great deal of good by his church work in this locality and his ef- forts in every wav have been duly appreciated. He has also taken no small amount of interest in public afifairs and has twice been a cantlidate for the Legislature on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated. He has long been interested in educational afifairs, and his township is indebted to him for his praiseworthy efiforts in this line, as well as in many others. WORTH W. PORTER. Indiana has manv sons who ha\e won fame and fortune in \-arious ways, l)ut of none has she more reason to be i)roud than those who have brought order out of chaos, and. unheeding hard;^hips and danger, hewed farms from the forests and changed them to productive fields whence comes the sustenance of the people. The farmer of long ago opened the way to our present pros- perity when he settled in the little hut in the wilderness. The lalwr and thought involved in obtaining a living from the land stimulated b<ith mental and physical nature until he became self reliant and strong, willing to undergo I'AKKl-; AM) \'ICKMII.1.I0X COL'NTI KS, INDIANA. Gt,^ pri\'ation and hardsliij) that yoixl might result: and the manv blessings which have come to us through modern in\estigation and foresight are l)ut the out- growth t)f the self-reliant and independent spirit of the pioneer. From such people came Worth W. Porter, farmer of Vermillion county, of which he is a worthy native son. He has endeavored to carry to completion the laudable work begun by his forebears. Mr. Porter was born in Eugene township. Vermillion countw Indiana, June II, 1857, of Scotch ancestry. He is a son of John W. and Hattie (Tipton) Porter, both born in the same locality as was the subject and here they grew to maturity, received such education as the old-time schools af- foixled. and here the\ were married an(l V;penl active lives in \'erniillion county successfully engaged in farming. 'Pliey each represented pioneer fam- ilies. John Porter, the i)aternal grandfather, took up land from the govern- ment, and here he dex'eloped a good farm and became an inHuential citizen, becoming judge of this county in the early days. The father of the subject became one of the leading farmers and stock men in this locality. During the days of the Civil war he de\oted his attention exclusively to dealing in live stock and everybody in this .section sold their stock to him. At that time he sold hogs off tile scales for elexen cents ])er ponnil. INjliticallw he was a Republican, but has never l)een active and never held ottice. He belongs to the ?\Iasonic order, the lodge at C"ayuga. this count}-. His family consisted of seven children, onh' four of whom are now living. His death occurrefl on June 15. 1873, and his widow survived until July 8, 1888. Worth W. Porter grew to manhood in his native community and was educated in the ])ublic schools of luigene lownshi]). and early in life began assisting his father in the stock business, and later handled some stock on his own account. Pie remained with his father on the home farm, of which he now owns one hundred and fifty acres, which he has kept well improved and carefullv cultivated and on which he carries on general farming and stock raising. His father built the present commodious and attractive home of the Porters at a cost of si.\ thousand dollars, which was at that time one of the finest farm residences in this part of the state. Mr. Porter was married in November, i87(>, to Louisa 1-'. C'ami)bell. daughter of Hogan and l.ucinda (Whitlock) Cam])l)ell, who were farmers of Illinois. Six children have been born to the subject and w ife, namely : Jessie married Fred Nelson, a farmer of Canada: Jennie married Lee H. Shirk, who is engaged in the automobile business in Danville: Clarence is book- keeper for a steel plant in Colorado : Kyle M, lives on a farm in Eugene town- 634 PARKE AND \ER.M ILLIO.N COLXTIES, INDIANA. ship, joining the home place ; John W. is also farming near the homestead ; Lee E. lives on the home place, which he operates with his father. Mr. Porter is a member of the Presbyterian church, and in politics is a Republican, but has held no office nor been active. LEVI J. LLKEBARGER. Among the citizens of Parke county, Indiana, who have been successful in their chosen vocations and whose lives have been led along such worthy lines of endeaxor that they have endeared themselves to their fellow citizens, thereby being eligible for representation in a volume of this nature, is the gentleman whose name appears above. Levi J. Linebarger, one of the suc- cessful farmers and stock men of Reserve township, has had the opportunity vouchsafed to few of us to spend his life at the old home, which fact has been much appreciated b}'^ him, as indeed it should be, for there is no place like home, as the world knows and as has been touchingly told in the familiar lines of the old song. The birth of Mr. Linebarger occurred on the farm on which he now li\'es on April 29, 1844, and there he was reared to manhood and has always resided, helping to develop it when a boy, and during his manhood years he has so skillfully managed it that it has retained its original fertility of soil and has yielded him a comfortable income from year to year. He is the son of Andrew Linebarger, who was born in Lincoln county. North Carolina, in 181 5, and when five years old he came with his parents on the long, tedious and somewhat hazardous overland journey from the old Tar state to In- diana, and in 1822 they settled in Reserve township, Parke county, beginning life here in typical pioneer fashion, the country being very little impro\-ed and neighbors being few and far remote. Here Andrew Linebarger, the father of the subject, spent his remaining years, dying at the remark- able age of ninety-two. The mother of the subject of this review was known in her maidenhood as Elizabeth Burton, a native of Reserve township, this county, and a daughter of Levi Burton, one of the early settlers of that township. Later in life ^Ir. Burton removed to Lee county, Iowa, where he died. The mother of the subject passed away at the age of twenty-six years, leaving a family of six small children, namely: George H., Mary Ann, ^^'ill- iam S., David, Levi ]. (the subject), and Andrew Jackson. The father of the above named children married for his second wife Polh' \\'arner, a native of . I'AUKE A.\D VKRMlI.l.ION COUNTIES, INDIANA. ()^Z, Resei\e township, this county, and a daughter of Joel Warner, an early set- tler here. Ten children were liorn of this last marriage, nanielx' : Lewis C, Joel. Samuel, Jacob, Juseph H., Elizabeth. Ida. Ludah, Emma ami Alice. i\s stated, Le\i J. Linebarger has devoted his life to general farming and has long ranked with the leading tillers of the soil in his section of the country. He has de\oted a great deal of attention to stock raising and deal- ing in stock, being one of Uie most successful and best known stuck men in this part of the country, tie is the owner of several valuable farms, and be- fore the death of his father they were in i)artnership in farming and handling live stock, and were very successful. Mr. Linebarger has always taken a great deal of interest in public af- fairs and has been ready to assist in all worthy movements for the general good of his county. He was elected county commissioner November 5, 1912, being one of the few Democrats elected to that office in many years. FRANK R. JOHNSON. We rarely hnd two persons in every-day life who attribute their suc- cess in their different spheres to similar qualities. Hard work and plodding industry paved the way for one, good judgment and a keen sense of values for another, intuition and a w ell-balanced mind for the third. An admixture of some of the qualities mentioned above, emphasized by hard work, has been responsible for the success of Frank R. Johnson, tlie present popular and effi- cient county recorder of Vermillion count)-, in his battle for the spoils of vic- tory, these winning attributes having descended from a sterling ancestry who played no inconspicuous part in the early history of Vermillion and neighbor- ing counties, having done their share of the rough w ork necessary to redeem the fertile land from the wild state in which the first settlers found it, and it is to such as these that we of totlay are greatl\- indebted for the good farms, the thriving towns and the excellent schools and churches to lie found in every community. Mr. Johnson was born in Gessie, X'ermillion county. Indiana. March 27. 1882, and he is a son of A. J. and Dessie (Johnson) Johnson, natives of Fountain and ^^ermillion counties, respectively. The father came from Foun- tain county in 1870 and located with his father about two miles north of Gessie. He has followed school teaching all his life and has been mo.st suc- cessful, l)eing one of the best known educators in this section of the state, his 636 PARKE AND VERMILLION COUNTIES, INDIANA. serxices having always been in great demand. He is still living, making his home at Perrysville, Vermillion county. To A. J. Johnson and wife four children were born, namely : Lulu married George Miller, a merchant in Dan\-ille, Illinois; Frank R., of this review: George is a locomoti\e fireman and lives at Danville. Illinois: Edna B. married Dr. Ernest A. Dale, of Dan- ville, Illinois: she is a talented musician, has been a successful instructor in music, and has traveled extensi\ely. The father of the abov£ n.amed children is a member of the Baptist church, and jiDlitically he is a Democrat. He was superintendent of schools of \'ermillion count^■ for two terms, discharging the duties of this important office in a manner that reflected much credit u])on himself anrl tn the eminent satisfaction of all concerned. Fraternalh-, he is a. Mason. Frank R. Johnson, of this sketch, was reared and educated in his native county, later attending school at Valparaiso, Indiana. Following in his father's footsteps in a professional way. he began life for lu'mself b\' teaching .school for a period of ten years, during which time he gave eminent satisfaction to both pupil and patron. He began taking an interest in public afifairs and in 1910 was elected county recorder of Vermillion county and is still incumbent of this office. He has discharged his duties in this connection with a fi(lelit\'. energv and honesty that has won the undi\ided i^raise of all concerned, irre-' spective of party alignment. Mr. Johnson was married on July 10, 1910, to Etta Thomas, daughter of Jerome B. and Ruth Ann (Lindsey ) Thomas, a highly respected family of Cayuga. Tliis union has been blessed by the birth of one child, Frank Dale. | 24,799 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61374308 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,020 | Stack Exchange | Jaswant Singh, Wasif, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10005707, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7305482 | Norwegian Nynorsk | Spoken | 404 | 1,719 | App crash with Minify true in Gradle Android
I trying to get the current date and time from Google. with the following code
private class LongOperation extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
try {
HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//for Android 9
httpclient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(
new Scheme("https", SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 443)
);
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(new HttpGet("https://google.com/"));
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
String currentDateTime = response.getFirstHeader("Date").toString().replace("Date: ", "");
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss zz");
// String temp = "Thu Dec 17 15:37:43 GMT+05:30 2015";
try {
date = formatter.parse(currentDateTime);
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
SimpleDateFormat sd = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyyHH:mm:ss");
GoogleDate = sd.format(date);
System.out.println("Google Date :" + GoogleDate);
} else {
//Closes the connection.
response.getEntity().getContent().close();
throw new IOException(statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d("Response", e.getMessage());
}
return GoogleDate;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String serverDate) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Time is "+ serverDate, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
It's working fine in the in debug build and release build as well but when I turned minify true in Gradle file the app crashes and shows the following error.
2020-04-23 00:36:39.558 18528-18575/? E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: AsyncTask #4
Process: com.developer.emten, PID: 18528
java.lang.RuntimeException: An error occurred while executing doInBackground()
at android.os.AsyncTask$3.done(AsyncTask.java:355)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.finishCompletion(FutureTask.java:383)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.setException(FutureTask.java:252)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:271)
at android.os.AsyncTask$SerialExecutor$1.run(AsyncTask.java:246)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.processTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1187)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1152)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:784)
Caused by: org.apache.commons.logging.LogConfigurationException: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.String java.lang.String.trim()' on a null object reference (Caused by java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.String java.lang.String.trim()' on a null object reference)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source:43)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.getInstance(Unknown Source:10)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.getInstance(Unknown Source:4)
at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(Unknown Source:4)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.<init>(Unknown Source:7)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient.<init>(Unknown Source:1)
at com.developer.emten.activities.MainActivity$b.doInBackground(SourceFile:1)
at android.os.AsyncTask$2.call(AsyncTask.java:334)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at android.os.AsyncTask$SerialExecutor$1.run(AsyncTask.java:246)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.processTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1187)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1152)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:784)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'java.lang.String java.lang.String.trim()' on a null object reference
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.createLogFromClass(Unknown Source:400)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.discoverLogImplementation(Unknown Source:126)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source:6)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.getInstance(Unknown Source:10)
at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.LogFactoryImpl.getInstance(Unknown Source:4)
at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(Unknown Source:4)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.<init>(Unknown Source:7)
at org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient.<init>(Unknown Source:1)
at com.abc.app.activities.MainActivity$b.doInBackground(SourceFile:1)
at android.os.AsyncTask$2.call(AsyncTask.java:334)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at android.os.AsyncTask$SerialExecutor$1.run(AsyncTask.java:246)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.processTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1187)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1152)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:641)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:784)
Please help me. Can anyone tell me the Proguard script which needs to be added?
I have also attached the build output as well.
Your Kind help will be highly appreciated.
Have you found a solution?
Add this line to your proguard rules:
-keep class org.apache.** { *; }
This has cleared the warning from Build output but the app is still crashing.
| 48,890 |
https://github.com/vlttnv/saws/blob/master/saws/__init__.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-2-Clause | null | saws | vlttnv | Python | Code | 89 | 354 | import os
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate
from flask_login import LoginManager
from flask_wtf.csrf import CSRFProtect
db = SQLAlchemy()
login_manager = LoginManager()
migrate = Migrate()
csrf = CSRFProtect()
def create_app(test_config=None):
app = Flask(__name__)
env = os.environ.get('env')
cfg = 'saws.config.ProdConfig'
if env == 'LOCAL':
cfg = 'saws.config.DevConfig'
app.config.from_object(cfg)
db.init_app(app)
login_manager.init_app(app)
csrf.init_app(app)
migrate.init_app(app, db)
with app.app_context():
from .blueprints import index
app.register_blueprint(index.bp)
from .blueprints import auth
app.register_blueprint(auth.bp)
from .blueprints import account
app.register_blueprint(account.bp)
from .blueprints import compute
app.register_blueprint(compute.bp)
from.blueprints import networking
app.register_blueprint(networking.bp)
return app
app = create_app()
| 18,785 |
https://github.com/NicolasNewman/Scouter/blob/master/client/src/helper/matchDataCompiler.ts | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | Scouter | NicolasNewman | TypeScript | Code | 470 | 1,053 | import RequestHandler from "../classes/RequestHandler";
// import { ICompetitionData, IMatch, IStatisticData } from "../reducers/data";
import { DataState } from "../reducers/data";
// /**
// * Initializes an object following the Match interface
// * @param defaultNum the number to initialize the fields to
// */
// function generateMatchData(defaultNum: number): IMatch {
// return {
// csHatch: defaultNum,
// csCargo: defaultNum,
// r1Hatch: defaultNum,
// r2Hatch: defaultNum,
// r3Hatch: defaultNum,
// r1Cargo: defaultNum,
// r2Cargo: defaultNum,
// r3Cargo: defaultNum
// };
// }
// /**
// * Asynchronously requests the team data from the API and compiles it into a format better suited for graphs via Plotly
// */
export async function compileData(): Promise<DataState> {
// Initialize the request handler to pull from the API
const requestHandler: RequestHandler = new RequestHandler("data/");
const gameData = await requestHandler.get("games/");
const teamData = await requestHandler.get("teams/");
console.log(gameData);
console.log(teamData);
const games = gameData.data.data.games;
const teams = teamData.data.data.teams;
return { gameData: games, teamData: teams };
}
// /**
// * Calculates the average for each matching field in an object array
// * @param competitionData - an array of matches
// */
// export function calculateAverage(
// competitionData: ICompetitionData
// ): IStatisticData {
// const statisticData: IStatisticData = {};
// // Loop through the data for each team
// for (let teamKey in competitionData) {
// statisticData[teamKey] = generateMatchData(0);
// // Loop through the match data for a team
// let i = 0;
// competitionData[teamKey].forEach((match: IMatch) => {
// let matchKey: keyof IMatch;
// // Loop through the match fields for a match
// for (matchKey in match) {
// if (typeof statisticData[teamKey][matchKey] === "number") {
// statisticData[teamKey][matchKey] =
// statisticData[teamKey][matchKey] +
// competitionData[teamKey][i][matchKey];
// }
// }
// i++;
// });
// }
// return statisticData;
// }
// /**
// * Finds the extrema (min / max) for each matching field in an object array
// * @param competitionData - an array of matches
// * @param extrema - wheather to find the "min" or "max" of the field
// */
// export function calculateExtrema(
// competitionData: ICompetitionData,
// extrema: "max" | "min"
// ): IStatisticData {
// const statisticData: IStatisticData = {};
// const extremaFunc = extrema === "max" ? Math.max : Math.min;
// // Loop through the data for each team
// for (let teamKey in competitionData) {
// statisticData[teamKey] = generateMatchData(
// extrema === "max" ? Number.MIN_VALUE : Number.MAX_VALUE
// );
// // Loop through the match data for a team
// let i = 0;
// competitionData[teamKey].forEach((match: IMatch) => {
// let matchKey: keyof IMatch;
// // Loop through the match fields for a match
// for (matchKey in match) {
// if (typeof statisticData[teamKey][matchKey] === "number") {
// statisticData[teamKey][matchKey] = extremaFunc(
// statisticData[teamKey][matchKey],
// competitionData[teamKey][i][matchKey]
// );
// }
// }
// i++;
// });
// }
// return statisticData;
// }
| 44,328 |
https://github.com/JusticeSelormBruce/kasatintin/blob/master/resources/views/admin/category/index.blade.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | kasatintin | JusticeSelormBruce | PHP | Code | 56 | 341 | @extends('layouts.admin')
@section('render')
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="alert alert-primary py-0" role="alert">
All News Category
</div>
<div class="jumbotron py-3">
<div class="row"> <div class="ml-auto mx-3">@include('admin.category.form')</div></div>
<table class="table-striped" id="table_id">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>date and Time</th>
<th>actions</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
@foreach ($newsCategories as $item)
<tr>
<td>{{$item->id}}</td>
<td>{{$item->name}}</td>
<td>@include('admin.category.description')</td>
<td>{{$item->created_at}}</td>
<td> @include('admin.category.edit')<span class="mx-3"></span> @include('admin.category.delete')</div></td>
</tr>
@endforeach
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
@endsection
| 41,954 |
https://github.com/itachi4869/sta-663-2021/blob/master/notebooks/S08A_Overview_numba_cython.ipynb | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | sta-663-2021 | itachi4869 | Jupyter Notebook | Code | 2,947 | 9,570 | {
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import numpy as np\n",
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
"import cython\n",
"import timeit\n",
"import math"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%load_ext cython"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Native code compilation\n",
"\n",
"We will see how to convert Python code to native compiled code. We will use the example of calculating the pairwise distance between a set of vectors, a $O(n^2)$ operation. \n",
"\n",
"For native code compilation, it is usually preferable to use explicit for loops and minimize the use of `numpy` vectorization and broadcasting because\n",
"\n",
"- It makes it easier for the `numba` JIT to optimize\n",
"- It is easier to \"cythonize\"\n",
"- It is easier to port to C++\n",
"\n",
"However, use of vectors and matrices is fine especially if you will be porting to use a C++ library such as Eigen."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Timing code"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Manual"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import time\n",
"\n",
"def f(n=1):\n",
" start = time.time()\n",
" time.sleep(n)\n",
" elapsed = time.time() - start\n",
" return elapsed"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"f(1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Clock time\n",
"\n",
"The `time` magic function calls the Unix `time` command. This returns 3 different times:\n",
"\n",
"- user time is time spent by user code and libraries\n",
"- sys time is time spent on operating system calls (kernel calls)\n",
"- wall time is time that has elapsed from your perspective\n",
"\n",
"For concurrent programs, user/sys time can be greater than wall time."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%time\n",
"\n",
"time.sleep(1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Using `timeit`\n",
"\n",
"The `-r` argument says how many runs to average over, and `-n` says how many times to run the function in a loop per run. See `%timeit?` for more information."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit time.sleep(0.01)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -r3 time.sleep(0.01)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -n10 time.sleep(0.01)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -r3 -n10 time.sleep(0.01)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The `-o` flag returns an object of the time statistics"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t1 = %timeit -n10 -o time.sleep(0.01)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"t1"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"', '.join([method for method in dir(t1) if not method.startswith('_')])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"You can also use `timeit` as a Python module.\n",
"\n",
"Pass it a callable with no arguments or a string. This is not as convenient as the magic function. "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import timeit"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"timeit.timeit('time.sleep(0.01)', number=10)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"timeit.timeit(lambda: time.sleep(0.01), number=10)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Time unit conversions\n",
"\n",
"```\n",
"1 s = 1,000 ms\n",
"1 ms = 1,000 µs\n",
"1 µs = 1,000 ns\n",
"```"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Profiling\n",
"\n",
"If you want to identify bottlenecks in a Python script, do the following:\n",
" \n",
"- First make sure that the script is modular - i.e. it consists mainly of function calls\n",
"- Each function should be fairly small and only do one thing\n",
"- Then run a profiler to identify the bottleneck function(s) and optimize them\n",
"\n",
"See the Python docs on [profiling Python code](https://docs.python.org/3/library/profile.html)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Profiling can be done in a notebook with %prun, with the following readouts as column headers:\n",
"\n",
"- ncalls\n",
" - for the number of calls,\n",
"- tottime\n",
" - for the total time spent in the given function (and excluding time made in calls to sub-functions),\n",
"- percall\n",
" - is the quotient of tottime divided by ncalls\n",
"- cumtime\n",
" - is the total time spent in this and all subfunctions (from invocation till exit). This figure is accurate even for recursive functions.\n",
"- percall\n",
" - is the quotient of cumtime divided by primitive calls\n",
"- filename:lineno(function)\n",
" - provides the respective data of each function \n",
" \n",
"See `%prun?` for more information."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def foo1(n):\n",
" return np.sum(np.square(np.arange(n)))\n",
"\n",
"def foo2(n):\n",
" return sum(i*i for i in range(n))\n",
"\n",
"def foo3(n):\n",
" [foo1(n) for i in range(10)]\n",
" foo2(n)\n",
"\n",
"def foo4(n):\n",
" return [foo2(n) for i in range(100)]\n",
" \n",
"def work(n):\n",
" foo1(n)\n",
" foo2(n)\n",
" foo3(n)\n",
" foo4(n)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%time\n",
"\n",
"work(int(1e5))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"- `-D` saves results in a form that the `pstats` moudle can parse.\n",
"- `-q` suppresses output"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%prun -q -D work.prof work(int(1e5))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import pstats\n",
"p = pstats.Stats('work.prof')\n",
"p.print_stats()\n",
"pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"p.sort_stats('time', 'cumulative').print_stats('foo')\n",
"pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"p.sort_stats('ncalls').print_stats(5)\n",
"pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We can get the results object directly."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"profile = %prun -r -q work(int(1e5))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"profile.sort_stats('cumtime').print_stats(5)\n",
"pass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We may not need `pstats` for simple analysis. This limits to calls with `foo` in the name, and sorts by `cumtime`."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%prun -l foo -s cumtime work(int(1e5))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Optimizing a function\n",
"\n",
"Our example will be to optimize a function that calculates the pairwise distance between a set of vectors.\n",
"\n",
"We first use a built-in function from`scipy` to check that our answers are right and also to benchmark how our code compares in speed to an optimized compiled routine."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from scipy.spatial.distance import squareform, pdist"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"n = 100\n",
"p = 100\n",
"xs = np.random.random((n, p))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We save the result to compare with our own implementations later."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"sol = squareform(pdist(xs))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -r3 -n3 squareform(pdist(xs))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Python"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Simple version"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def pdist_py(xs):\n",
" \"\"\"Unvectorized Python.\"\"\"\n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(n):\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" A[i,j] += (xs[i, k] - xs[j, k])**2\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(A[i,j])\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Note that we \n",
"\n",
"- first check that the output is **right**\n",
"- then check how fast the code is"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_py\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Exploiting symmetry"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def pdist_sym(xs):\n",
" \"\"\"Unvectorized Python.\"\"\"\n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" A[i,j] += (xs[i, k] - xs[j, k])**2\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(A[i,j])\n",
" A += A.T\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_sym\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Vectorizing inner loop"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def pdist_vec(xs): \n",
" \"\"\"Vectorize inner loop.\"\"\"\n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(np.sum((xs[i] - xs[j])**2))\n",
" A += A.T\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_vec\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Broadcasting and vectorizing\n",
"\n",
"Note that the broadcast version does twice as much work as it does not exploit symmetry."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def pdist_numpy(xs):\n",
" \"\"\"Fully vectroized version.\"\"\"\n",
" return np.sqrt(np.square(xs[:, None] - xs[None, :]).sum(axis=-1))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_numpy\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 squareform(func(xs))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## JIT with `numba`"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"We use the `numba.jit` decorator which will trigger generation and execution of compiled code when the function is first called."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from numba import jit"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Using `jit` as a function"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"pdist_numba_py = jit(pdist_py, nopython=True, cache=True)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_numba_py\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Using `jit` as a decorator"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"@jit(nopython=True, cache=True)\n",
"def pdist_numba_py_1(xs):\n",
" \"\"\"Unvectorized Python.\"\"\"\n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(n):\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" A[i,j] += (xs[i, k] - xs[j, k])**2\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(A[i,j])\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_numba_py_1\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Can we make the code faster?\n",
"\n",
"Note that in the inner loop, we are updating a matrix when we only need to update a scalar. Let's fix this."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"@jit(nopython=True, cache=True)\n",
"def pdist_numba_py_2(xs):\n",
" \"\"\"Unvectorized Python.\"\"\"\n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(n):\n",
" d = 0.0\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" d += (xs[i, k] - xs[j, k])**2\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(d)\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_numba_py_2\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Can we make the code even faster?\n",
"\n",
"We can also try to exploit symmetry."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"@jit(nopython=True, cache=True)\n",
"def pdist_numba_py_sym(xs):\n",
" \"\"\"Unvectorized Python.\"\"\"\n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
" d = 0.0\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" d += (xs[i, k] - xs[j, k])**2\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(d)\n",
" A += A.T\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_numba_py_sym\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Does `jit` work with vectorized code?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"pdist_numba_vec = jit(pdist_vec, nopython=True, cache=True)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Only inner loop vectorized"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -r3 -n3 pdist_vec(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_numba_vec\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Does `jit` work with broadcasting?"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"pdist_numba_numpy = jit(pdist_numpy, nopython=True, cache=True)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -r3 -n3 pdist_numpy(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"This raises an error because `numba` does not know how to deal with dummy axes."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"try:\n",
" %timeit -r3 -n3 pdist_numba_numpy(xs)\n",
"except Exception as e:\n",
" print('Exception raised')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### We need to use `reshape` to broadcast"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def pdist_numpy_(xs):\n",
" \"\"\"Fully vectroized version.\"\"\"\n",
" return np.sqrt(np.square(xs.reshape(n,1,p) - xs.reshape(1,n,p)).sum(axis=-1))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"pdist_numba_numpy_ = jit(pdist_numpy_, nopython=True, cache=True)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -r3 -n3 pdist_numpy_(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_numba_numpy_\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### Summary\n",
"\n",
"- `numba` appears to work best when converting fairly explicit Python code\n",
"- This might change in the future as the `numba` JIT compiler becomes more sophisticated\n",
"- Always check optimized code for correctness\n",
"- We can use `timeit` magic as a simple way to benchmark functions"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Cython\n",
"\n",
"Cython is an Ahead Of Time (AOT) compiler. It compiles the code and replaces the function invoked with the compiled version.\n",
"\n",
"In the notebook, calling `%cython -a` magic shows code colored by how many Python C API calls are being made. You want to reduce the yellow as much as possible."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%cython -a \n",
"\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"\n",
"def pdist_cython_1(xs): \n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
" d = 0.0\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" d += (xs[i,k] - xs[j,k])**2\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(d)\n",
" A += A.T\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def pdist_base(xs): \n",
" n, p = xs.shape\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
" d = 0.0\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" d += (xs[i,k] - xs[j,k])**2\n",
" A[i,j] = np.sqrt(d)\n",
" A += A.T\n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%timeit -r3 -n3 pdist_base(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_cython_1\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n3 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Cython with static types\n",
"\n",
"- We provide types for all variables so that Cython can optimize their compilation to C code.\n",
"- Note `numpy` functions are optimized for working with `ndarrays` and have unnecessary overhead for scalars. We therefor replace them with math functions from the C `math` library."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"%%cython -a \n",
"\n",
"import cython\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"cimport numpy as np\n",
"from libc.math cimport sqrt, pow\n",
"\n",
"@cython.boundscheck(False)\n",
"@cython.wraparound(False)\n",
"def pdist_cython_2(double[:, :] xs):\n",
" cdef int n, p\n",
" cdef int i, j, k\n",
" cdef double[:, :] A\n",
" cdef double d\n",
" \n",
" n = xs.shape[0]\n",
" p = xs.shape[1]\n",
" A = np.zeros((n, n))\n",
" for i in range(n):\n",
" for j in range(i+1, n):\n",
" d = 0.0\n",
" for k in range(p):\n",
" d += pow(xs[i,k] - xs[j,k],2)\n",
" A[i,j] = sqrt(d)\n",
" for i in range(1, n):\n",
" for j in range(i):\n",
" A[i, j] = A[j, i] \n",
" return A"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"func = pdist_cython_2\n",
"print(np.allclose(func(xs), sol))\n",
"%timeit -r3 -n1 func(xs)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.6.10"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}
| 50,210 |
sn86072021_1889-01-24_1_1_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 5,747 | 8,496 | 51/, {j. ‘. M fl?" W "’2 ‘.4 - 'Q); 12‘ y, I.“ nle "2 I,” V 'é" w v y’ la: \22'~. «02". _ A ‘ 3‘;,2 i»: 1,, '1 ~ '., ’v.:a’?m {I.1, M j \__,\,‘v., II:L ~ ‘ )6,. VOL. 8. NO. 173. A WIFE’S SUICIDE. Tragic End of an Aged Oregon ' Couple’s Quarrel. PUGIL SOUND CUSTOMS MUDDLE. Thorn Will II:-. Whole-ale invention •l’nrtl-nd'l (‘hlof Will Make; War 1111 (larnhlerr. Corner; Guava. Hre., Jan. 21. Special. ——Mrs. Marion Martin, aged about 50, committal suicide Saturday by taking atryohnino. Marian Martin, husband of the suicide, is a well-known pioneer of this section, and although 65 or 70 years of age is very strong and powerful. Un when he is under the influence of liquor he is not a good citizen. it is stated that Mrs. Martin had some property of her own and ruined $1400 to pay off some in dehtedness. She found out $100 and had the remainder located up in her own stand drawer. When her husband came home under the influence of liquor and demanded the money, she refused to give it up to him, and after a slight struggle with his aged 22, he picked up the woman and started off with it. Mrs. Martin told him if he took her money, she would take strychnine at the same time taking a bottle from a shelf. He said he was not afraid of her killing her, at when she swallowed the poison. He took the woman out of the room. Broke it open, took the money and went to an auction in a mile from town. A warrant was sworn out for his arrest and he is now in custody. Some say it was Martin's land that was sold, not his wife's, and that he had a right to the money. The Frugal Bound Customs District Will Be Overhauled. Powell Townsend, Jun. 21, Special.— Allie A. Cullum of Tennessee who was nominated recently by President Cleveland as collector of customs, vice Quincy A. Brooks, dismissed, arrived today. Cullum has been employed in the department of public printing at Washington for three years, previous to which time he came from Pensacola. He expressed the opinion that the senate would not act on his appointment. S. Lunton, who was recently named in the Washington dispatches as the appointed by the treasury department, as the coming collector of customs for Puget Sound, arrived with Cullum. Lupin in detention on special duty from the customs department of the first auditor's office at Washington to overhaul all papers, documents, and accounts of the various employees, including the collector and the judge, and the secretary of the treasury department. It is learned that General Agent Browne, of the treasury department, who came out after the war, came out after the war. All bearing the secretary's dismissal of Brooks, and afterward acquired Smuggler Gardner in New York, has invented this examination of the customs records. The loss at Chinese certificates which occurred three years ago during Basn's administration, will be investigated. Culberson and Lupton said that the Puget Sound customs had occasioned more notoriety and controversy in Washington than all the other districts together. They attributed the same to a few unwise appointments and actions of employees. I'nrrleh I'urnulng tho I‘lnyore—‘ltnllrund Accident—Lu"! Perjury Can. Pox-rum). Jun. 2|. Specinl.—-0n the uueetion of enlopreuing gambling in thin city Chief of clice Parrish is quoted ne aging: “l on: resolved to keep the unit ing honeoe closed. come whnt run. {new more than ever renlim what Inblfc opinion is upon thie subject. on nhnll purene my couue in accordance with that sentiment." The north-hound weenger train on the Oregon & Unlilornin rnilrond woe derailed lnet night la! running into a bend of cattle non“: of iddle. Two eleepere were thrown from the rolls and dragged some dietnnce. tearing up the track. Addition nl engines were went to the scene of the nccident. No one wan neriously in jured. The trial of H. l". McConnuunhy. in dicted for perjury. came up in the United Sm circuit court thin morning. The defendant in charged [0 swearing faluely to I Itotement made when Martin McCon nuughy filed his linul entry at lmkeviev. Ureaon. on a large quentit¥ of deeert land. The land wan ultunted n Southern Oregon near Linkton. Martin McUon such! claimed that he had retained «were eectionn of it. Both he and R. l". McConnnughy aware that all of it had been irrigated accordion to law. WALLA WALLA Nlflvn. 1 The lmaleux scourge-Prof. Helix-r“- ‘ lllaappea runes—Opening or spring} Wanna WALLA. Jan.2l.-—.lnhn()'llrien.. Uwen Creii, Ore-“on JL' Washinaton 'l'erri- { wry railway gra on. it. has been found. have unallgox. They have been removed 4 to the peat «use and every precaution in l being taken to prevent any lurther spread 3 of the diueaee. Prof. F. M. Hedner, who recently underwent a severe operation, died yesterday at the Tacoma hospital. The accident occurred on the Oregon River, but no passengers have owned an excursion. The Milton people are clamoring for an extension of the Oregon River to Washington Territory. G. W. Hunt, in a meeting, decided to meet them in a few days. A young man from Yuma, who had been missing for some time, was found dead in his cabin across the bay from Omaha. He was a man of integrity and had been missing for some time. The body was found in a pool of blood. In Omaha, a young man named Brown, who had been missing for some time, was found dead in his cabin across the bay from Omaha. He was a man of integrity and had been missing for some time. The body was found in a pool of blood. In Omaha, a young man named Brown, who had been missing for some time, was found dead in his cabin across the bay from Omaha. He was a man of integrity and had been missing for some time. The body was found in a pool of blood. In Omaha, a young man named Brown, who had been missing for some time, was found dead in his cabin across the bay from Omaha. He was a man of integrity and had been missing for some time. The body was found in a pool of blood. In Omaha, a young man named Brown, who had been missing for some time, was found dead in his cabin across the bay from Omaha. He was a man of integrity and had been missing for some time. The body was found in a pool of blood. Laid since Saturday morning without food or waver. He was nearly dead. He had a little lying by his side, with which he had decided to cut his own throat, but did not arrive Tuesday. When to Yaquina City, where he was kindly cared for, he was kind to his wife. It is thought he may recover. Four Tuwsmun, Jan. 22. Special. Scondinuvian named Charles Lumsdinner was arrested here today charged with murdering his wife near Fergus Falls. Minnesota, one year ago. He was a farmer in comfortable circumstances and had borrowed considerable money from local banks and induced his countrymen to go his business. It was noticeable by neighbors that Lumsdale was unusually intimate with his pretty servant girl who had lately arrived from Europe. In March, Mrs. Lumsdale, very unexpectedly and mysteriously died, which occasioned considerable gossip after it was known that the servant girl was named the dead wife's relationship with Lumsdale. During last summer, the couple left the farm for Fergus Falls, where they were married, and started west, accompanied by two children of the former wife. Notes became due and neighbors were called upon to settle Lumsdale's debts, when the subject of his second wife's death occasioned much surprise. The body was examined and examined when it was found she had been poisoned. Investigation soon disclosed the fact that Lumsdale had purchased some strichnine and that he had left very quickly for parts unknown. About the same time, D. L. Lumsdale stole $92500 and emigrated, where he was followed and arrested in Kittitas county last week by the sheriff of Fergus Falls. He said that Lumsdale was here. The prisoner's only answer when questioned was, "they can't convict me." The sheriff says that the circumstantial evidence is very strong. The prisoner left his wife and several children here in destitute circumstances. The oil-servant girl is very attractive, Lumsdale is a very powerful man, about 45 years old. RACINE. Jan. 21. Speculative.—Some time ago it was alleged that the title of the Tacoma Land company to property near the Pacific Avenue depot was worthless, or rather that no title had ever been obtained from the government. Thereupon a number of men squatted on the land for the purpose of holding it against the land company and built shanties and houses on the land. Attempts have been made to straighten out the title or arrange with the squatters without success. The land company at one time offered the squatters a lease at a dollar a month each, but they refused. Today actions were begun against twenty-six squatters for forcible entry and desertion, and as the squatters on show no title vesting in themselves they will have to move up the mansion for the present in all probability. The cases to be heard before Justice Lowrance on the 10th. The land in dispute is worth about $500,000. J. E. Alsop, one of the two men taken to the pauhouse last week, suffering from congested smallpox, died this evening. The other man is very low and not likely to live till morning. These are the only cases in the city. PORTLAND. Jan. 22. Special.—A shooting affray occurred this evening at 7 o'clock in a lodging house at the corner of Main and Forest Streets. A young man named Jules B. De Runny had a quarrel with Bertie Robinson, his miscreant, which he drew a pistol and shot her through the right lung. Harvey J. Adams, a young man who had also been intimate with the young girl, milled in and attempted to make when Delhi shot him in the hip. DeBuey then proceeded the muzzle of the pistol against his own forehead and fired but the bullet only made very slight damage. Berti's wound is considered very dangerous but Adams' injuries are not serious. DeBuey is in company with a young man who claims he had been murdered with drink when he committed the robbery. Etumwa, June 22. Special.—A recent accident occurred at the Temple Mills recently near Ellenburg, resulting in the destruction of the residence of Mr. Kenyon and the burning to death of his two children; Mr. Kenyon at the time of the accident was in the woods cutting timber and his wife had left the home for a few minutes to visit it neighbor, locking the children up. Fire was discovered by Fred Mutton, who broke the front door in and endeavored to rescue the children. But was prevented by the flames. After the building had burned, the charred remains of the children were found in the embankment and ashes. All that remained of the eldest child were the headless trunk, while the youngest one was burned beyond recognition. Not known how the fire originated but there is a box of alluring behind the store from which it may have caught. Mr. Kenyon Inn on the emyloy of Eaton & Sons in their town and formerly resided in Ellenberg. Ont-mos Cr". Jun. 22. Special. Campbell, a prominent citizen of this place, was drowned today. For some time, he has been working for the Willamson River Company as superintendent of the line of construction. Today, he was having a pole taken home from the river and remained at the raft. While the timbers were absent, he evidently fell in, when no one was near, and he could not see William Fletcher passing at 2:30 o'clock. He was immediately found all at 2:30 o'clock. He had a wife and three children. Pierchman, W. T., Jan. 22. E. Specul.—A communication of 200 laborers from Woods Hole, Memphis, arrived today in change of the business. The steamer Stews was packed in a weed and were in a wood condition. They were of a lame length from the Mississippi to the Mississippi. The commissioner will bring out a load of five million of white eggs from Memphis for London in from. The water lakes of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. SPOKANE—FALLS; WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1889. RIOTING ITALIAN S. They Mob: 1 Railroad Contract at Alba, Ore. THEY WANTED MONEY (promptly Supplied. Their Clients are (Continued) (Misc-rflout Now]. i ‘ AAIIANY. ()r...lun. 2|. Special.—-®n- ‘ eiderable excitement was created in this city today by about 100 men laborers who had not received their full pay from Contractors Searle and Deane for work done on the eastern extension of the Ure-Hod Pacific railway. Shortly before noon they collected in front of the First National bank, while waiting for the appearance of Mr. Searle, and worked themselves into a frenzy by loud talk. There are about 200 men in the city. Their claim amount to about $85,000. When Mr. Searle came out of the bank they at once demanded the balance due them. Searle told them that he had paid them $823,000, all the money he had to pay until the final estimates of the engineers of the Oregon Pacific Company had been received. The men declared they would want no longer, and wanted their money immediately. Being the most threatening language, they declared they would burn the railroad bridge, stop all trains and take their money by force. Mr. Searle tried to reason with them, and assured them that if they would wait a few days the money would be forthcoming, but the failure. would not be appeased. As Mr. Searle turned about to enter the bank, they seized him by the shoulder. One or two drew knives and threatened to kill then and there. Mayor Cowan and several citizens, who had been endeavoring to quell the disturbance, at once interfered. Several extra solicitors were deputized on the spot and the mob was dispersed without serious trouble. Moenrn. Curran & Monteith had offered a sale today to cash all of Searle & Deane's checks at 10 percent discount. After dinner, the men began to sell their paper. In a short time, the entire number had concluded to take 90 cents on the dollar in preference to waiting or having trouble. Their checks were soon all canceled and the trouble ended. Searle & Deane say that if they had waited a few days, the money would have been paid in full this evening. The city is quiet and no further trouble is fair. A meeting of the Knights of Labor, the meeting at Gilman, Cedar Mountain, Black Diamond, and Franklin, that stopped work, the workmen at the two latter mines, however, held a consultation and concluded to resume work and were only out three hours. The New Castle mine, which is operated entirely by members of the miners' union, will not be affected by the strike and continue running during the day. The strike is understood to be general, and to affect the mines of Urelgon, Washington, and British Columbia. Columbia, the scene of the riot at Newcastle, which it will be remembered, "more from a controversy over which Doyle's eligibility" work after the settlement of the difficulties at New Castle, which had heretofore addressed a compromising attitude toward the Knights of Labor, decided to refuse them work in their New Castle mine, and consequently about thirty men were thrown out of employment. The strike in the mines of the Knights of Labor in the heart of these areas, and a movement toward restoring their waning power in all the mines of the Northwest. Trouble between the Knights of Labor and the Miners Union at Newcastle is imminent. On Sunday, fifty stands of drum were secretly shipped by the Knights to New Castle, and those are now without doubt ready to use it necessary. The union has been fully equipped with timber by the Oregon Improvement Company, and it is feared a conflict will arise between the two orders tonight. H.W. McNeil, manager, and Colonel C. Heines, attorney, tonight went out to Newcastle to look over the situation. The statue of the trouble in the further complicated by an order; Governor Sample declares that the recent action of the militia in going to Newcastle in illegal and all-around bleaching of discipline, and against any mobilization of the militia without his orders. Ennununu, Jan. 21.-Today Shary Packwood telegraphed to Governor Sample for troops for Roslyn, but however, resigns that place, but the nomination in that place is that the coal company's will put new men in the place the strikers. Governor Sample is expected at Roslyn tomorrow. Tram-Ll AN IOIIJK. l Governor 10-plc called to the soon- or ' the nlslnrhaneo. f Vucouvnn. Jen. 2l.—Governnr' Sem~ plelett this city to-ninhtfior ,yn in response to want telurntm the sheritl at Kittn county. at he ins to . have met with opporttionat he .minu i which he cannot ovcmme with thn‘lorccs at his tommnnd. The novcrnnr is 111- I printed by Colonel Glover. 0! his W. and ; he does to Ronlyn .lor the purpose of in ‘vostl nting_the situation to dog‘s-mine * whether it ll necessary to order . p t the . troop» to support. the shall. ( TACOMA. Jun. 22. Smill.——Allmt Zei bnr. who um I fireman on tl‘n train wrecked at. Green River Qwo month. ago, in which Engineer A. u. Sypher WM sup uuetl m be killed. [ln din aml. El? was lunl noon on the ”T. Lmter." hntween here and Olympia a? the 28th a! November. He was injured at. tha time of the ficident Jul. Ind neovchd. It in sippoood : be 'u Induced to salon! of the mtg, u Lb. would be an impartial. wilnuri the. widow of A. M. Sypher should see the Northern Pacific company tor damages. Sypher's body has never been found. Poe/rue". Jan. 21!. Special.—Mrs. Lon Barnes living at Spicer, Linn county, who came very recently from Kentucky took poison last night with fatal results. She came out here to join her parents, with the understanding that her husband would soon follow, but it was apron he changed his mind and wrote her that he would never come. This so depressed her mind that she took the total dose in despair. In the United States circuit court this morning, the trial of the damage suit of Mrs. Sarah Shaver against R. Koheler, receiver of the Oregon & California railroad for $3,300 was begun. The greater part of the day was taken up in examining witnesses for the prosecution. The plaintiff alleges that on the 19th of October, Mrs. Shaver bought a ticket to carry her over the defendant's road to Wilbur, Douglas county. When the train reached that place, the employee carefully and wilfully told her that she should not go up and leave the train and that she intended to go out on the platform to go. She. furl er allows that the train had stopped at a faint not near the depot. Just on she was it the not of stepping to the ground, breaking her leg and injuring her wrist. In his answer, the defendant acknowledged that the plaintiff rode on the train, that she went out on the platform, but denies that the employee were careless or that the train stopped before reaching the depot at Wilbur as a case is an unusual one of considerable importance to the litigants it is likely to occupy some time before a conclusion is reached. Detectives today arrested Frank White, 22 years of age, charged with stealing a horse from a man named Cook at Grenon City on Saturday last. An inquest was held on the body of Frank M. White, the young man who was found floating in Conc lake Sunday noon. Nothing was developed regarding his antecedents or manner of death. WALLA WALLA, Jan. 22.—At a meeting of the board of health it was ordered that all meetings, places of amusement, and public gatherings be discontinued. The variety theatre refuses unless the license of $600 is refunded. It is reported tonight that Owen Cecil, one of the smallpox victims, is dying at the "it house." The street where the man was found was discovered with the disease is surrounded by barricades with a quarter of the square. It is believed that the man was dead. Believed that there is no probability of any more noses. All the physicians are kept busy vaccinating. The "Hallow-in" convention and Dayton - plan in regard to the extension of the ad to their negative towns. It is their route to Grand Ronde, which is now in the famous Mill Creek canyon and by a short tunnel through the Rio Grande to the headwaters of Looking-Class River, thence to the Grand Bonds. OLYMPIA, Jan. 22. Special - The one of the ten men bitch Company, Thos. & Halle, occupied the time of the supreme court today, and will probably occupy tomorrow. An infection of the George H. Thos. & Halle, post office, and installation of officers (not place last evening). The case of the city of Two-n-vo, Harry Morgan, in which an order applied for a injunction to maintain the city from interfering with his gambling hall, was heard before Chief Justice Buck this evening. The application was refused. SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 22, Special - A special from Washington has a commission to which a navy yard on the northwest coast, consisting of Captain A. T. Mahan, commander, C. M. Cheater, and Lieutenant Commander D. L. Stockton, leave tonight for San Francisco. The commission has been delayed. Ed for some time on account of the illness of Lieutenant Mahon, senior officer. AUTUBIA. June 22.—Thirty bow of live lobsters arrived this morning from the Atlantic coast for distribution to the survivors of the expedition of propagation in this vicinity. .arge hill spawn. 27 boxes 0! which won immediuwly pincvd in the water It the month of the river It Cape Hancreek. two boxes were sent to shoal Water buy, the other was sent. to Uroy‘u Harbor. all in first rule condition SAN l-‘nxm-mru, Jun. 22, SpeciaL—The trial of Frauen. 0. Borne-mun. tax-cubicl- of the local uub-trmnury. who Wu indicbed by th:- I‘nited Stan's grand jury for the embezzlement. of 810,000 of national funds on August 21". “9‘5. was begun to-aay in the circuit. court. before Judge Snwyar and Hoflmuu. l’nul‘l.u~'u. Jun. ‘22. SMALL—John Huddleflon was shot. and killed to-dahgy Joseph Kluln. neat Waterloo. Or. y were out hunting and Klum wu hudliul his sun. when it. was accidentally din charged. the ball tnhnfi ofloct in the luck of Huddlmbon‘l baud. k Hing him llmoot inpftamly. Huddloflon leave. a you: w: u. Snow. UL. Jun. 22. Spocial.—'l‘ho Slur law & Flu-tern Ruilrond nnd Navigation Company In incorporated Oar-dog: The object in to build a rulroad from lulu! bay via Eugene to the eastern boll-duty of Oregon. Sum“. Or.. Jan. 22. Spooinl.—Bo¢h the house. of the legislature VOW in «norm lea-ion for-United sum unnwr Mu. Dolph received a. majority over Pennant. The democratic joint aenion will be held to-morrow. A Bull-out Chang». (mun. Not, .lan. 23,—V1c0-Pmident Holcomblohhe Union Pnciflc todny h. mod n cxrculgr üboliuhlng the olfioo of general Inpennundont and directing the pro-om incumbent. Edward Dickinson. to report for npouml mvicn. - A Nnrvow Ila-poo. (:01. w. R. Saloon. 0! Brooklyn. c-lue home one evening. Mann; n norm-nu tmhumm In manhunt. store reurlnu, In trlod :ode n 10!: brsmh but found u nlmmt Impoulble. Ra 11l and (our days) morning, and the damn him up. Dr. through in full-length. "Aluminum." PACIFIC COAST. Serious Charges Against Walla. Walla Officials. "OSLYN RUN BY S'BIKERS. A "111 to erroneous AIIPIIPII-I Elu lluu Llw In "ulna-“1'!“ Dollnny shooting Afillr at Portland. WALM WALLA, Jon. 23, cholnl.~-'|‘o morrow morning's Union will publish: well written letter from a convict in the penitentiary charging the immediate oi ciels of the institution with gross neglect of data in that the prisoners are not ext- --cised at half an hour Sundays; that the food is cooked without seasoning and little cure taken in regard to the sanitary condition of the cello and that proper underclothing is not provided. Your correspondent Inventied the charges this evening at far no possible, finding the first charge substantially true; that not only has Dr. Y. C. Bleyloclt, prison physician, ordered the frequent exercising prisoners, but believing that it had been neglected, told the o oiule that he would not be responsible for their Health was not done, but despite this, his order had not been clearly obeyed. Another letter we received by the same paper which will not be published at present that makes still more demeanour charges, not against the board of commissioners but the prison officials. The Union publishes the letter in order that the proper authorities may investigate the matter. The "The Richmond Bridge" is now in perfect condition and all trains are passing regularly over it. The "The Richmond Bridge" is now in perfect condition and all trains are passing regularly over it. TACOMA. Jun. 28, Special.—Governor Semple and several of the members of his family passed through here today en route for Olympia from Clenilum. They did not go to Boston, but held a consultation with a committee of fifteen striking under the law at Uleulum. They explained the strike what process would be used by the law to compel obedience to its laws. If a considerable, through a justice of the peace, could not enforce law and order the chief would be called on. If the latter officer with his peace could not enforce obedience to the law, he would be called on. If the latter officer with his peace could not enforce obedience to the law, he would be called upon. The committee put their names down and sold those willing to help the chief to make a correct account of about 50 miners for whom we are out for heating and more for the general command. Alexander Ronald, and the committee, N. P. Williamson. The situation is this: Six hundred men were in possession of the town of New... The sheriff cannot get twenty men in it to go there to serve where rent. Low in crossing and clearly defined, but Start a: e company put in a new place at lyn named or. When the mule drove quit work, they demanded 89 per day the same demand as in December. When the men were quit work, they demanded 89 per day the same demand as in December. It now remains to be seen what the outcome will be if the charter attempts to enforce low and order. The mine believes the company intends to bring new men from the Hunt and consequently some of them are in a very early and angry mood. A run in London into Greece—Dolph Room. 8:301. Jan. 23. Special.—Both the honor of the legislature met in joint convention at noon today and came to the vote cast yesterday for United States Senator and declared J. N. Dolph well known. A telegram of thanks was received from Dolph. In the meantime, Wager of Pendleton introduced a bill to preserve the peace of the ballot. It is in the name of the Democratic Australian law, which McMurphy has just adopted. The will line up. -0 Crime) of Murdering In the Commons. London, Jun. 23. Special —The physicians believe that Tyrrell Robinson, who was shot last night by her paramour, De Ruy, will recover. It is believed that the woman is an actress at the Theater Royal and that De Ruy has been living. Her engagement over mince they came to this city from Tucona, some weeks ago. She, in what might be called a handsome woman, apparently about 25 young of age, and a young man. O'Connor, the Ontario, now in the company, is another man, who, in notched to row Jake Gaudner here, arrived today. Among the highlights, "Snilor Brown," a middle-weight, is a middleweight, named for a purse of $1500. Can No! nun m. 9.1... Pon-runn. Jan. 23. Special.--I'o-ninht an old men. need 85 years. named J. Ivy. living in Columbus county, Oregon, died at the National hotel of an overdose of morphine administered by himself, and when he discovered Ivy was unconscious. All efforts to one his life were unavailing. He had not been well for several days, and had unlered out in terruptions pains. Nothing was feared to indicate that he had taken the drug with unusual intent. The general impression in that the overdose was not accidental. The deepened line no relatives in the state but one brother. Ogden's Mountain. SALEM, Or., Jan. 23—Both branches of the legislature resumed business this afternoon after a four day recess. A large number of bills were introduced. Both houses will be PRICE FIVE CENTS. In the hell of United States: "unto: In newest nation at noon tomorrow. Senator Dolph in the chosen nominee of the republicans, and will revolve the full vote of the people who..." Oh will elect him by a head-of-hand majority. A joint ballot will be held Wednesday noon to declare him elected. A first-class fight with three-ounce gloves between Fuh Shively of Montana and Jack Cronin of New York, who whipped Joe Kelly, which took Mama at Minneapolis last night. Was one of the most spirited and hotly contested battles in a Montana ring. It was settled in six rounds by Shively knocking out his nose, his nose was swollen, and the other man fared worse. Concerning the importance of the land in New Mexico, Washington, Jan. '32.-The home committee on irrigation to-day authorized a favorable report on the Joseph bill "to promote the interests of agriculture by irrigation, and to announce the settlement of arid lands in the territory of New Mexico." It creates the Louisiana and Illinois Reservoir and Canal Company, the object of which is to build and operate a canal with a canal and waterway for the irrigation of arid lands on the "Jonquads (Muerte," and in the Mojave and Rio Grande valleys of Southern New Mexico and Texas, and from the Rio Grande river, at a small not further south than the Fort Schon military motivation. A sufficient quantity of water for supplying reservoirs, canal, etc. The capital stock is not to exceed $10,000,000, and never to be increased except by consent of Congress. The amount is appropriated for our way in, to be refunded to the United States within five years after the completion of the "Item." In the event of the construction and Export of the Work. Washington, Jan. 23 - According to Powell, director of the geological survey, today explained to the committee on territories a plan for the maintenance of arid lands in the irrigation district. The irrigation, estimated by means of the reservoir, would be done in the name river, New Mexico, and he thought the reservoir could be constructed for $3,000,000, whereby 196,000 acres of land could be reclaimed. The lands were worth nothing now, but, it was claimed by irrigation would become very valuable. Ir 3:. nllenldlnt ”1.4.1:” d Inn” w .m -- 0013‘ "our 0! n: his land would be from 0] to 02 ~ , are. 'rlll: mmnrrnu nrnln'nscn. lln Wu In. Protected In on Amnrlunn (Jul-n- lld Kuhn. Wannlna'ron. Jun. ‘5) —l‘nn nenule engrwlnl clerks lorlxeu herd all day on eovorlnc to complete the «nuuy‘n nub etltnte for the Mills tnrlfl bill so no to get ltbnck to the house boloro ndjourment, but were unnble to do no. It cull M rendy to go to the home tomorrow. Lewi- C. Bchilllng. whole cue It one time excited connidmblointerelt both in the United State. and Mexico. In. {reheated a peti tion to the lon-tn throng Benalnr Spam nor. in whlch he mnhoe complaint “ain't the department of etete for not. n he alleges. uflordlnz him the prom-nun «Inc an American cltlnen. WOMAN Hurrlunlnru. The Convention nt 'nnhllm Clonal-n trod Donglu l‘neorn flnlme. Wuumo'rnn in. 23—11:. wom'o Infuse convention um, wnn «mind by annd ro- irom In. Vieflnin Minor of Malawi; “in Mary lny. Kentucky: Rev. Olympia Brown, Winoonnin; Mn. Abiginl Scott. ”anew. Oregon: Mn. Baboon Wriunt. Hon _: In. Mann 5. Colby. Nehrukn. and Frederick I’onulan. The lnttor nnid he wnn convinced 0: than {ti-tum. windom nnd upodlennv uf unn erring uoflruua upon worm-n. Mn. Gongnve of Indian otnrtod n much. up rnicninu men oi both political watt". In". no she on» unhinn no rrfermm- Io Bulk-go. Minn Anthony finally intvrmptad er. CHANHI; ur L‘IIMIIANIDERH. Manta-nu l‘routlnr ugnnvnln lupin-ml —- ”Int-.nvnry u! AIM-lent Muir-n. ‘ CITY or Mum-u. viaualwntun. .lan 21:}. -—lionarnl (Immuta- lmn rvlio-wd ”HP-I'M Martinez, iu cumumnd of Son-rm. Gr-nernl Mnrtinrz mum-«In General Vila m com mand of Tunnmlipu. and. (lenwrnl Vila in trnnnlerred m Chihuahua, Min-um: Ho-n --ernl CervnnlAl-n. TM: in nuomplutv chum!» o! oommnnden on the lYnith Staten iron tier._'l‘ho nothor of the recent Hl‘l'i-I"Pfif‘fll riuinc hon: lmt hln which on custom cunrd at Chihuahua. Yantordny. our the min of Pnlonqne, a long-buried Pditico mu unoovmd. oncoedinu in umntlrur nnv thing known of the nncienl. an. A I'nrnlouo lit-oh. Wumno'run, Jan. '23.-—ln the. room oi the home committee on appropriations thin nltornoon Bunevol Missouri hnd n nlinht nnrnlotio rho-2k. Ho in conscious. Ir. Bnrnonhnd moon worse thin morn inr. tho ontire left nido hein- par-ind and hin condition n no- nlnrniing. Ir. Bnronn died at rams A. I. Ono of hi: long on- by hi. helium-2 at the tin. the other in in St. Jam-uh. Miuouri. In. Boron- il an invalid I'. h" home in lio nonri. Ah. ‘l'lmrn. (hmnpir‘turn. , Barnum Hum. Jun. ‘sl.—Nnvnl nin inmnmntn for the Harmon “not now in Samoan Intern left turn 10-dnhon tho kliar“! German Lloyd steamer Inm to. Blmmx. Jun. ‘3l‘. ~~le Cologne Gnmto lan it In. reliable- anihority for tho m mont thnt Germain and Bunlnnd nro nr‘ ootintinn 0n tho- Samoa qnenlion II A Ipll‘il of mutual uudvninnding. nnd nll report. to tho contrary an incorrect. Imam I'm-tn mld. than u “out“. ”‘l‘“ con-map a 2: moxflwmn: ifigk '1; u-uwg‘rimlbh 00.33 and l mafia-“l. 3.3:”... nu.“— {nm-r kvmnm, Wannlnumn. Chm. Hr man-rm.. | 44,336 |
https://github.com/RailsEventStore/rails_event_store/blob/master/ruby_event_store/lib/ruby_event_store/dispatcher.rb | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,023 | rails_event_store | RailsEventStore | Ruby | Code | 41 | 118 | # frozen_string_literal: true
module RubyEventStore
class Dispatcher
def call(subscriber, event, _)
subscriber = subscriber.new if Class === subscriber
subscriber.call(event)
end
def verify(subscriber)
begin
subscriber_instance = Class === subscriber ? subscriber.new : subscriber
rescue ArgumentError
false
else
subscriber_instance.respond_to?(:call)
end
end
end
end
| 46,421 |
https://github.com/iamsajjad/config/blob/master/vim/dotconfig/vim/automatics/automaticsDirectory/mako.vim | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | config | iamsajjad | Vim Script | Code | 3 | 11 |
" ... mako.vim
| 1,060 |
bpt6k6153623t_15 | French-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | Jurisprudence du Conseil d'État, depuis 1806... jusqu'à la fin de septembre 1818 ; par J.-B. Sirey, Tome II [-V]. Tome 2 | None | French | Spoken | 7,053 | 10,148 | 2. L'administration des domaines paiera au sieur Decotte la valeur du terrain donné en échange par son aïeul, et aujourd'hui enclavé dans le jardin des Tuileries, ladite valeur calculée sur le prix actuel des autres terrains qui l'avoient avoisiné. 3. Notre grand juge ministre de la justice et notre ministre des finances sont chargés, chacun en ce qui le concerne, de l'exécution du présent décret. Décret du 31 juillet 1812. (1062) N°. 85. DROITS POSITIFS. — ADMINISTRATION ACTIVE. — COMMUNE, — BOISSONS. Les communes imposées aux droits sur les boissons et qui doivent en être dispensées d'après la loi du 21 novembre 1818, n'ont de recours qu'auprès de l'administration active. (La commune de Phalsbourg.) Un arrêté du préfet de la Moselle, en date du 23 décembre 1808, assujettissait la ville de Phalsbourg aux droits établis sur les boissons, par les lois du 25 novembre précédent : une décision du ministre des finances, en date du 9 octobre 1810, avait confirmé l'arrêté du 22 décembre 1808. Le maire de la commune de Phalsbourg se pourvut au conseil d'état, et demanda l'annulation de l'arrêté du 22 décembre 1808, et de la décision du 9 octobre 1810. Pour moyens, il alléguait que la ville de Phalsbourg ne se trouvait pas dans le tableau des communes qui avaient une population agglomérée de deux mille habitants, et que dès lors, aux termes de la loi du 25 novembre 1808, elle ne devait pas être assujettie aux droits établis par cette même loi. Une lettre du ministre de l'intérieur, en date du 22 février 1812, attestait la véracité du fait allégué par le maire de la commune ; et comme il ne s'agissait plus que de faire l'application de la loi du 25 novembre 1808, et que cette application était un acte administratif qui appartenait au ministre des finances, la réclamation du maire de Phalsbourg y fut renvoyée; Suit la teneur du décret. N° 86. — Sur le rapport de notre commission du contentieux ; Vu la requête du maire de Phalsbourg, tendant à ce qu'il nous plaise annuller une décision du ministre des finances, en date du 9 octobre 1810, qui confirme un arrêté du préfet de la Meurthe, du 22 octobre 1808, d'après lequel la ville de Phalsbourg est assujettie aux droits établis sur les boissons, par la loi du 25 novembre même année ; Vu la décision, l'arrêté et la loi dont il s'agit ; Vu la lettre du ministre des finances du 29 décembre 1811, dans laquelle il annonce que la suppression ou la conservation des droits dont il s'agit est subordonnée à la décision du ministre de l'intérieur sur la population de la ville de Phalsbourg; Vu l'expédition dûment légalisée d'une lettre du ministre de l'intérieur en date du 22 février 1812, par laquelle il annonce au préfet de la Meurthe qu'il a informé le ministre des finances que la ville de Phalsbourg ne se trouvait pas dans le tableau des communes qui ont une population agglomérée de deux mille habitants; Considérant, d'après ces lettres, que la légitimité de la réclamation du maire de Phalsbourg n'est plus en question; qu'il ne s'agit plus que d'appliquer la loi du 25 novembre 1808, et que cette application est un acte purement administratif qui appartient au ministre des finances. Notre Conseil d'Etat entendu, Nous avons décrété et décrétons ce qui suit: La requête du maire de Phalsbourg, avec les pièces à l'appui, sont renvoyées au ministre des finances pour y faire droit. Décret du 31 juillet 1812. Une contestation entre acquéreurs de biens nationaux, relativement au bornage de leurs propriétés, est de la compétence de l'autorité administrative; si les motifs de la décision peuvent être pris dans les procès-verbaux d'adjudication, et résulter de l'interprétation de ces actes; mais si ces mêmes actes sont muets, et qu'il faille recourir à l'usage, ou à des titres antérieurs, la décision doit être renvoyée aux tribunaux. En l'an 4, le sieur Chenet acquit, de l'État, le domaine de Mousseaux, situé dans la commune de Boynes, arrondissement de Pithiviers, département du Loiret, et provenant de M. de Boynes, émigré. Les sieurs Gandon frères, achetèrent, à la même époque, une terre labourable, limitrophe de la propriété du sieur Chenet et attenant à une allée nommée l'allée des Frênes; cette terre avait la même origine que le domaine de Mousseaux. —Il s'éleva, en l'an 10, une contestation entre le sieur Chenet et les sieurs Gandon, relativement au bornage de leurs propriétés respectives. Le sieur Chenet soutenait, qu'aux termes de la coutume d'Orléans, alors en vigueur, on devait laisser vingt-quatre pieds de distance entre les allées (telles que celles des frênes et les terres labourables); mais pour terminer amiablement, il consentit à ce qu'on ne laissât qu'une distance de douze pieds, la proposition fut acceptée par les sieurs Gandon, et les bornes posées en conséquence. En l'an 13, le sieur Chenet acquit du sieur Isaac Gandon sa moitié dans la pièce de terre indivise entre son frère et lui, et demanda au sieur Pierre Gandon de s'entendre avec lui pour procéder au bornage de la nouvelle acquisition qu'il venait de faire. Pierre Gandon s'y refusa. Chenet l'assigna devant le tribunal de Pithiviers, qui se déclara incompétent, et renvoya l'affaire devant l'autorité administrative. Les parties présentèrent leurs mémoires respectifs au conseil de préfecture du Loiret ; le sieur Chenet soutenait qu'un intervalle de vingt-quatre pieds, suivant l'article 259 de la coutume d'Orléans, ou tout au moins de douze pieds suivant la convention faite entre les parties, devait séparer leurs possessions. Le sieur Gandon prétendait, au contraire, avoir le droit de faire labourer jusqu'à cinq pieds de distance des arbres qui bordaient l'allée du sieur Chenet, et il alléguait, à l'appui, de cette prétention, que les fermiers de la pièce de terre acquise par son frère et lui, avaient labouré jusqu'à cette distance. Le préfet ordonna qu'il serait procédé à la vérification des lieux par un commissaire ; sur son rapport, le conseil de préfecture déclara que la pièce de terre en question serait mesurée à partir de deux mètres, ou six pieds de distance, distance des arbres formant la rangée extérieure de l'allée des Frênes. Le sieur Chenet s'est pourvu contre cet arrêté, et a soutenu qu'il avait été mal jugé au fond, et a demandé, subsidiairement, que la décision fût annullée comme incompétentement rendue, puisque le conseil de préfecture n'avait pas pris les motifs de son jugement dans les contrats, soit des sieurs Gandon, soit de lui Chenet; contrats qui ne donnaient aucun éclaircissement; mais que la contestation avait été décidée par l'application de l'usage des lieux et des titres antérieurs à l'époque où l'État était devenu propriétaire du domaine de Mousseaux, usages et titres dont les tribunaux avaient seuls le droit de connaître. Sur ce, est intervenu le décret suivant : N. — Sur le rapport de notre commission du contentieux; Vu le jugement rendu par le tribunal civil de Pithiviers, département du Loiret, sous la date du 3 juillet 1807, entre le sieur Chenet et le sieur Gandon, sur une demande à fin de bornage de leurs propriétés acquises de la Nation, lequel jugement, avant faire droit, renvoya les parties devant l'autorité administrative, pour faire décider si la pièce de terre, dont le bornage fait l'objet de la contestation doit être mesurée à partir de douze pieds de distance de l'allée des Frênes, appartenant au sieur Chenet, ou seulement à la distance de six pieds; Vu l'arrêté du conseil de préfecture du même département, sous la date du 4 juillet 1809, lequel, statuant en exécution du jugement ci-dessus, et par suite d'un procès-verbal dressé, sur les lieux contentieux, par le juge de paix du canton de Beanne, commissaire nommé à cet effet par le sous-préfet de Pithiviers, arrête que la pièce de terre appartenant au sieur Gandon sera mesurée à partir de deux mètres de distance de l'allée des Frênes; Vu la requête du sieur Chenet, tendant à obtenir l'annulation de l'arrêté comme ayant mal jugé au fond; Considérant que la demande du sieur Chenet contre le sieur Gandon n'avait d'autre objet que le bornage de leurs propriétés respectives; Que leurs procès-verbaux d'adjudication sont également muets sur ce point; Que leurs droits ne peuvent être jugés que d'après l'usage ou des titres antérieurs; Et que dès lors les tribunaux sont seuls compétents pour y statuer; Notre conseil d'État entendu, Nous avons décrété et décrétons ce qui suit : Art. 1er. L'arrêté du conseil de préfecture du département du Loiret, sous la date du 4 juillet 1809, est annulé; Le jugement rendu par le tribunal civil de Pithiviers, le 3 juillet 1807, est déclaré comme non avenu; Les parties sont renvoyées à se pourvoir devant les tribunaux ordinaires. 2. Notre grand-juge ministre de la justice et notre ministre des finances sont chargés, chacun en ce qui le concerne, de l'exécution du présent décret. Décret du 31 juillet 1812. (1065) N°. 87. CHEMIN VICINAL. — PROPRIÉTÉ. — PROVISOIRE. — COMPÉTENCE. L'usage des chemins vicinaux doit être provisoirement conservé aux communes qui en sont en possession; sauf le renvoi aux tribunaux pour la question de propriété. ( Le sieur Colonge. ) Le 19 ventôse an 12, le sieur Colonge avait acquis, des héritiers de M. Baglion, ci-devant seigneur de Quincieux, département du Rhône, les bâtiments formant l'ancien auditioire de justice, ensemble un jardin avec deux pièces de terre, l'une labourable, l'autre plantée en vigne, le tout attenant et dépendant du château de Baglion. Il paraît que pour communiquer plus facilement du château à l'auditoire de justice, les anciens seigneurs avaient fait pratiquer entre les deux pièces de terre ci-dessus un sentier ; lorsque les héritiers Baglion vendirent le fonds sur lequel il était pratiqué, ils ne s'en réservèrent point l'usage. Au mois de mars 1811, M. Colonge fit ouvrir un fossé aux deux extrémités du sentier dont s'agit, et par ce moyen, le réunit à ses propriétés, qu'il séparait dans une longueur de soixante-cinq mètres. Le maire de la commune de Quincieux fit constater le fait par un procès-verbal, le 22 mars 1811, et par suite le conseil municipal prit une délibération le 11 mai suivant, portant que le maire était autorisé à poursuivre le sieur Colonge, pour le faire contraindre à rétablir le chemin. Le maire de Quincieux porta sa réclamation au conseil de préfecture du département du Rhône, qui, par arrêté du 26 juillet 1811, ordonna le rétablissement du chemin dans la partie en face des fonds du sieur Colonge et aux trais de ce dernier. Le sieur Colonge forma opposition à cet arrêté, et demanda la visite et vérification du local par l'un des inspecteurs des chemins vicinaux ; mais le 13 septembre suivant le conseil de préfecture prit un second arrêté, portant qu'il n'y avait pas lieu à délibérer sur la nouvelle petition du sieur Colonge, et que l'arrêté du 26 juillet précédent serait exécuté. Le sieur Colonge s'est pourvu au conseil d'État, et a demandé l'annulation des deux arrêtés, des 26 juillet et 13 septembre 1811. Pour moyens, il a dit qu'il s'agissait uniquement de savoir à qui appartenait le sentier qui faisait l'objet du procès ; Que le maire prétendait que le chemin avait été usurpé sur la commune ; que lui, Colonge, soutenait au contraire que ce chemin lui appartenait ; qu'il excipait de son contrat d'acquisition du 19 ventôse an 12 ; que tout, dans un pareil débat, était d'un intérêt purement privé, et ne touchait en rien à l'ordre et au bien général ; que dès lors la condition des parties, relativement à la juridiction était nécessairement réglée par la loi du 24 août 1790, qui commettait aux juges ordinaires toutes les causes personnelles et réelles ; Que la loi du 9 ventôse an 13 n'était applicable que quand il s'agissait de la délimitation d'un chemin, mais que dans l'hypothèse, la contestation soumise au conseil de préfecture présentait une question de propriété à écarter, et nullement une délimitation à faire ; en conséquence il a demandé que les deux arrêtés des 26 juillet et 13 septembre 1811 fussent cassés et annullés comme incompétentement rendus, et que les parties fussent renvoyées devant les tribunaux ordinaires pour leur être fait droit. En réponse, le maire de la commune de Quincieux a soutenu que la contestation par sa nature était dans les attributions de l'autorité administrative; que l'article 6 de la loi du 9 ventôse an 13 imposait à l'administration publique l'obligation de faire rechercher et reconnaître les anciennes limites des chemins vicinaux, et de fixer, d'après cette reconnaissance, leur largeur suivant les localités; Que l'article 8 de cette loi portait, que les poursuites en contravention aux dispositions de la loi du 9 ventôse an 10, seraient portées devant le conseil de préfecture, sauf le recours au conseil d'état; Il a ajouté que le chemin dont s'agit existait de temps immémorial, qu'il était rappelé pour confined au fonds formant l'article troisième de l'acquisition faite par le sieur Colonge, le 19 ventôse an 12, et que dès lors toute entreprise qu'on avait pu y faire avait dû être réprimée par l'autorité administrative, soit comme chargée de la voierie, soit en vertu de l'article 6 de la loi du 9 ventôse an 13; Que dans l'espèce il s'agissait d'une contravention commise par le sieur Colonge à une loi, en détruisant un chemin public; qu'il devait la réparation de cette contravention, sauf à faire valoir son titre devant un tribunal de droit. Ces moyens n'ont pas prévalu: La commission du contentieux a considéré que le droit de passage, réclamé par le maire de Quincieux, au nom de sa commune, était une servitude sur la propriété du sieur Colonge, dont il n'appartenait qu'aux tribunaux ordinaires de juger l'existence. Dans cet état, est intervenu le décret dont la teneur suit : Nous ; — Sur le rapport de notre commission du contentieux ; Vu la requête du sieur Colonge, propriétaire à Quincieux, arrondissement de Villefranche, département du Rhône, tendant à ce qu'il nous plaise annuller, pour cause d'incompétence, deux arrêtés du conseil de préfecture de ce département, sous les dates des 26 juillet et 13 septembre 1811, qui condamnent le requérant, à enlever sous huitaine, les barrières qu'il a fait poser sur le sentier qui conduit de la place de Quincieux au hameau de Seran ; Vu le mémoire du maire de Quincieux en réponse à cette requête ; Vu les deux arrêtés du conseil de préfecture ; Considérant que la difficulté qui s'est élevée entre le sieur Colonge et le maire de la commune de Quincieux, porte sur une question de propriété qui est du ressort des tribunaux ordinaires ; Considérant néanmoins que la commune de Quincieux étant en possession et en jouissance du sentier dont il s'agit; il doit rester ouvert jusqu'à ce qu'il en ait été autrement ordonné ; Notre conseil d'État entendu, Nous avons décrété et décrétons ce qui suit : Art. 1er. Les deux arrêtés du conseil de préfecture mentionnés ci-dessus sont annullés. Les parties sont renvoyées à se pourvoir devant les tribunaux ordinaires. En conséquence, la commune de Quincieux se retirera, s'il y a lieu; devant le conseil de préfecture du département du Rhône, afin qu'il décide, sauf le retour de droit, si elle doit être autorisée à plaider. 2. Le sentier dont il s'agit restera ouvert jusqu'à ce qu'il en ait été autrement ordonné. 3. Notre grand-juge, le ministre de la justice, et notre ministre de l'intérieur sont chargés, chacun en ce qui le concerne, de l'exécution du présent décret. Décret du 4 août 1812. (1061) N°. 88. ADMINISTRATION ACTIVE— FRAIS.—LIMITES. — COMMUNES. Lorsque la délimitation d'une propriété particulière entraîne celle de deux communes, c'est celui qui provoque cette opération qui est passible des frais qui en résultent. Un préfet est compétent pour fixer les honoraires des personnes employées à cette opération. (Le sieur Berulle.) Par arrêt rendu par la Cour d'appel de Paris, le 19 février 1808, dans une contestation élevée entre le sieur de Berulle et le sieur Cornisset, relativement au partage d'un immeuble appelé le bois des Chauffeurs, provenant de la succession du sieur Berulle père, il fut: ordonné que des experts vérifieraient si cet immeuble était commodément partageable, et que, dans ce cas, ils en feraient trois lots, dont deux seraient tirés au sort par le sieur Berulle, et un par le sieur Cornisset. L'opération des experts donna lieu à une nouvelle contestation. Le sieur Berulle prétendit que la vérification à faire devait s'étendre non seulement sur la partie du bois des Chauffeurs située commune de Berulle, département de l'Aube, mais encore sur une autre partie de trente-cinq arpents situés commune de Cérilly, département de l'Yonne. Le sieur Cornisset soutint, au contraire, que ces trente-cinq arpents ne se trouvaient pas sur Cérilly, mais bien sur Berulle ; et il appuyait son allégation sur un plan dressé en 1787. Le sieur Berulle contestant l'authenticité du plan produit, s'adressa aux préfets des départements de l'Aube et de l'Yonne, pour obtenir la fixation des limites des deux communes qui formaient en même temps celles des deux départements. Par arrêtés des 12 et 17 juin 1809, ces deux fonctionnaires nommèrent respectivement des commissaires pour procéder à la délimitation dont il s'agît. Sur le rapport desdits commissaires, le préfet de l'Aube et celui de l'Yonne furent d'avis que les limites des deux communes de Berulle et Cérilly étaient les mêmes que celles posées dans le plan de 1787, produit par le sieur Cornisset. Ces avis furent approuvés, le 13 octobre 1810, par le ministre de l'intérieur. Des réclamations furent adressées au préfet de l'Aube, tant par l'ingénieur en chef du département de l'Yonne, que par le contrôleur des contributions et un expéditionnaire, à l'effet d'être payés de l'indemnité qui leur était due pour avoir, en exécution des arrêtés des préfets de l'Yonne et de l'Aube, des 12 et 17 juin 1810, coopéré à la reconnaissance des limites des communes de Cérilly et de Berulle. Par un arrêté du 14 novembre 1811, le préfet de l'Aube a fait droit à ces réclamations, et a alloué, tant aux réclamants qu'à l'ingénieur et au contrôleur des contributions du département de l'Aube, une somme de 553 fr. Les motifs de cet arrêté sont que le sieur de Berulle ayant succombé dans la demande qu'il avait formée à fin de changements dans les limites des deux communes de Cérilly et de Berulle, doit seul supporter les frais que l'instruction de cette affaire a occasionnés. Le sieur Berulle a réclamé contre cet arrêté, en ce qu'il lui faisait supporter une dépense qu'il prétendait devoir être à la charge des deux communes, attendu qu'elle avait eu lieu, disait-il, pour une question qui intéressait la généralité des habitants. Il déclina la compétence du préfet, et conclut à son renvoi devant le conseil de préfecture, et, au fond, à être déchargé des condamnations prononcées contre lui par ledit arrêté, sauf au conseil de préfecture à prendre le montant de l'indemnité due aux ingénieurs et contrôleurs de l'Aube et de l'Yonne, et à leur expéditionnaire, sur le fonds du cadastre des deux départements, ou des deux communes de Berulle et Cérilly. Mais, par arrêté du 22 janvier 1812, le préfet de l'Aube a rejeté cette demande sur le motif, 1°. Que la vérification des limites des communes de Berulle et Cérilly avait été provoquée par le sieur de Berulle, pour l'instruction d'une contestation élevée entre lui et le sieur Cornisset, et dans laquelle ledit sieur Berulle a succombé; 2°. Qu'il est de principe que les frais que nécessite l'instruction d'une affaire, soit administrative, soit judiciaire, sont à la charge de celui dont les prétentions sont reconnues mal fondées; 3°. Que c'est à l'administrateur qui a été saisi de la contestation à régler les frais dont il s'agit; 4°. Enfin, que la délimitation cadastrale est totalement étrangère à l'espèce, et devra toujours avoir lieu dans les formes prescrites malgré la vérification qui a été faite d'une partie des limites de Berulle et de Cérilly. Tels sont aussi les motifs sur lesquels est fondé le décret suivant, intervenu sur le pourvoi du sieur Berulle. N°. — Sur le rapport de notre commission du contentieux ; Vu la requête qui nous a été présentée par le sieur de Bertille, demeurant à Paris, pour qu'il nous plaise annuller deux arrêtés pris par le préfet de l'Aube, les 14 novembre 1811 et 22 janvier 1812, qui mettent à sa charge et l'obligent à payer une somme de 553 fr., pour frais de reconnaissance des limites des communes de Cérilly et de Berulle, situées, la première, dans le département de l'Aube, la seconde dans le département de l'Yonne; Vu lesdits arrêtés et toutes les pièces relatives à cette affaire ; Considérant que cette délimitation a été faite sur la demande du requérant ; que les dépenses qu'elle a entraînées doivent être à sa charge, et que le préfet était compétent pour fixer les honoraires des ingénieurs et contrôleur employés dans cette opération ; Notre Conseil d'Etat entendu, Nous avons décrété et décrétons ce qui suit : Art. 1er. La requête du sieur de Berulle est rejetée, et les arrêtés du préfet du département de l'Aube, en date des 14 novembre 1811 et 22 janvier 1812, sont maintenus. 2. Notre grand juge ministre de la justice et notre ministre de l'intérieur sont chargés de l'exécution du présent décret. Décret du 7 août 1812. (1069) N°. 89. TABACS. — EXPERTISE. C'est à la justice administrative contentieuse à décider s'il y a lieu de réformer une décision ministérielle, qui annulle une expertise pour l'évaluation des tabacs achetés par la régie des droits réunis, en vertu du décret du 29 décembre 1810, et approuve la réexpertise qui en a été faite. (Williet Leroy.) Pour assurer l'exécution du décret du 29 décembre 1810, ordonnant que les tabacs en feuille existant chez les cultivateurs, négociants et fabricants seraient achetés par la régie des droits réunis qui en prendrait livraison, les ferait déposer dans ses magasins et en paierait comptant la valeur, la régie afferma les magasins du sieur Williet, propriétaire de tabacs en feuille à Merville, département du Nord, pour y établir un entrepôt. Indépendamment des tabacs appartenant au sieur Williet qui se trouvèrent dans lesdits magasins, et dont le récépissé lui fut délivré, ce négociant était encore intéressé pour moitié dans une autre partie de tabacs achetés par le sieur Leroy, emmagasinés chez ce dernier à Estaires, et dont la livraison fut effectuée dans le magasin particulier de Merville. Les experts de ce magasin avaient déjà procédé au classement d'une partie desdits tabacs, lorsque l'inspecteur de la régie invita les mêmes experts à recommencer leur opération, sur le motif qu'ils avaient porté dans la troisième classe des tabacs non marchands et de nature à être brûlés. Les experts s'y refusèrent, et soutinrent que leur opération devait être maintenue, attendu que si quelque partie de tabac paraissait inférieure à la classe où elle avait été affectée, la différence était plus que compensée par d'autres parties qui pouvaient entrer dans une classe supérieure. Ce refus détermina l’inspecteur à ordonner la suspension du classement. Il dressa procès-verbal de celui qui avait eu lieu comme préjudiciable aux intérêts de la régie, et rendit compte du tout à l’inspecteur général, lequel obtint du préfet du Nord que de nouveaux experts seraient nommés, et que le sous-préfet d’Hazebrouck serait chargé de se rendre au magasin de Merville, pour vérifier les faits énoncés au procès-verbal de l’inspecteur particulier. Le résultat de cette vérification, dont procès-verbal fut dressé, fut que les deux tiers des tabacs formant l’objet de la contestation devaient rester dans la troisième classe, et que parmi l’autre tiers, une partie était susceptible d’être portée dans la seconde classe, une autre ne pouvait être estimée que vingt à vingt-quatre francs; et qu’enfin l’autre partie ne pouvait être que brûlée. À l’égard des tabacs provenant des cultivateurs; le même procès-verbal constatait que le classement avait été fait d’une manière avantageuse pour le gouvernement. Cependant les experts du magasin de Merville furent remplacés par d’autres experts, et les livraisons des tabacs du sieur Williot et de son associé, qui avaient été suspendues, s’effectuèrent. Dans cet état, les tabacs provenant des sieurs Williot et Leroy furent expédiés sur le magasin général de Lille. Là, il fut reconnu qu'ils étaient de mauvaise qualité, et qu'une partie était échauffée et pourrie. Un triage devenait nécessaire. Les sieurs Williot et Leroy refusèrent de se trouver à l'expertise nouvelle, qui cependant eut lieu, et dont procès-verbal fut dressé. Il en résulta que les mêmes tabacs, qui avaient été estimés par les experts de Merville à 40,000 francs, ne furent évalués par les experts du magasin de Lille qu'à la somme de 18,000 francs, et qu'en conséquence, la différence au préjudice de la régie était de 32,000 fr. Les sieurs Williot et son associé contestèrent l'identité de ces tabacs avec ceux qu'ils avaient livrés. Ils prétendirent que leurs tabacs ayant été confondus dans les magasins de Merville avec les tabacs des cultivateurs, il en résultait que ceux composant l'expédition faite au magasin de Lille était un mélange des uns et des autres; que, quant à leur détérioration, elle provenait de ce qu'ils avaient été voiturés par eau et entassés dans un bateau dans les plus grandes chaleurs de l'été; que, d'ailleurs, ces tabacs ne leur appartenant plus, ils étaient étrangers à ces avaries, comme à tout ce qui avait pu contribuer à en altérer la qualité. Par ces motifs, ils refusèrent d'adhérer au nouveau classement et à la nouvelle estimation qui avait été faite de leurs tabacs. C'est dans cet état de choses qu'est intervenue la décision du ministre des finances, en date du 6 octobre 1811, contre laquelle les sieurs Williot et Leroy se sont pourvus au Conseil d'État, et qui, entre autres dispositions, portait l'annulation du classement fait par les experts de Merville, ainsi que du récépissé délivré au sieur Williot des tabacs en feuille qu'il avait à Merville, et l'approbation du classement fait au magasin de Lille. Devant le Conseil d'État, le sieur Williot et consorts ont objecté : 1°. Que dès avant le procès-verbal dressé par le sous-préfet d'Hazebrouck, leurs tabacs n'étaient pas les seuls réunis dans les magasins ; que ceux appartenant à d'autres négociants ou cultivateurs y avaient été introduits et confondus avec les premiers, et que le défaut de soin, ou toute autre cause qui leur était étrangère, avait pu occasionner la détérioration de tout ou partie desdits tabacs ; 2°. Qu'on ne pouvait les rendre garants ni responsables des avaries survenues depuis la livraison de leurs tabacs ; que ces avaries provenaient du fait de la régie ; que du moment où elle avait pris livraison, ces tabacs étaient devenus sa propriété, et que jamais le vendeur n'est passible des accidents qui peuvent arriver à la chose vendue, lorsqu'elle est entre les mains de l'acheteur et que d'ailleurs cette livraison avait été précédée d'une vérification et d'une estimation légales et contradictoires ; 3°. Que, dans le droit, une expertise ordonnée par la loi devenait invariablement la règle des parties, lorsqu'il y avait été procédé régulièrement ; que, dans l'espèce, l'estimation avait été faite en exécution du décret du 29 décembre 1810, et qu'elle avait tous les caractères d'authenticité et de légalité qu'on pouvait désirer. La régie des droits réunis opposait que la confusion alléguée par les sieurs Williot et Leroi n'avait jamais eu lieu; que cette preuve résultait du procès-verbal dressé à Lille, par lequel il était constaté que ces tabacs étaient les seuls qui existaient dans les magasins de la régie de cette nature et origine; qu'il était attesté en outre que ces tabacs n'avaient éprouvé aucune avarie dans leur transport; mais que leur détérioration provenait de ce qu'ayant été saucés, une grande partie était déjà échauffée et pourrie avant le chargement dans le bateau. Sur quoi est intervenu le décret suivant : N° 5 — Sur le rapport de notre commission du contentieux : Vu la requête qui nous a été présentée par les sieurs Villiot-Vignoble et Leroy, négociants dans le département du Nord, pour qu'il nous plaise annuller une décision de notre ministre des finances en date du 2 octobre 1811; Vu ladite décision et les procès-verbaux dressés et signés par l'inspecteur des droits réunis dans le département du Nord, par le sous-préfet d'Hazebrouck et les experts du magasin général de Lille; Considérant qu'il résulte des pièces précitées, que les tabacs livrés par les réclamants ont été mal classés au magasin de Merville, et qu'ils ont été estimés à leur véritable valeur à la réexpertise du magasin général de Lille; Notre conseil d'État entendu, Nous avons décrété et décrétons ce qui suit : Art. 1er. La requête des sieurs Villiot-Vignoble et Leroy est rejetée. 2. Notre grand-juge ministre de la justice et notre ministre des finances sont chargés, chacun en ce qui le concerne, de l'exécution du présent décret. Décret du 7 août 1812. Lorsqu'il s'agit de savoir si des déblais sont posés sur ou près une voie publique récemment existante ; c'est à l'administration à déterminer la largeur de la voie publique ; l'autorité judiciaire ne peut se permettre de statuer sous prétexte de constater une anticipation (Avis du Conseil d'état du 18 juin 1809, et art. 471 du Code pénal.) Le sieur Crancy. Au mois de mai 1811, le sieur Crancy, propriétaire à Amance, arrondissement de Vesoul, département de la Haute-Saône, avait déposé sur deux terrains voisins de sa maison, des terres et matériaux qui obstruaient le chemin public. Le maire de la commune d'Amance fit enlever ces terres et matériaux, et les fit employer à la réparation des chemins vicinaux. Crancy s'est pourvu devant le juge de paix contre la commune d'Amance et la personne du maire ; il a conclu à ce qu'il fut gardé et maintenu dans la jouissance et possession des deux espaces vides, dépendants de sa maison, avec défense de le troubler à l'avenir, et que pour l'avoir fait et avoir ordonné l'enlèvement des matériaux et déblais qu'il y avait déposés, à ce que la commune fût condamnée à rétablir les choses au même état où elles étaient, à payer 150 francs de dommages-intérêts et les dépens. Et subsidiairement il a demandé d'être admis à prouver que, depuis dix, vingt et trente ans, et notamment dans l'année qui a précédé le trouble, il a joui paisiblement, et à titre de propriétaire, des terrains en question ; que ces terrains ont toujours été des dépendances de sa maison, qu'il y déposait exclusivement des déblais, sables, bois, pierres et autres objets, etc. Le maire a soutenu qu'il n'avait fait enlever que des déblais déposés sur la voie publique, sur le refus fait par Crancy de les enlever; que ce dernier était non-recevable dans les fins de sa demande. Le maire de la commune a ajouté que l'autorité administrative était seule compétente pour connaître des anticipations sur la voie publique, pourquoi il demandait le renvoi de la cause devant le conseil de préfecture. Le juge de paix, par un jugement préparatoire, a ordonné la preuve par témoins des faits articulés par Crancy. Plusieurs témoins entendus ont attesté que de tout temps ils avaient vu divers matériaux sur les terrains en question, mais aucun n'a pu déclarer si ces terrains appartenaient à Crancy. Un jugement du 11 novembre 1811 a maintenu Crancy dans la possession et jouissance desdits terrains, avec défense à la commune de le troubler à l'avenir, et a condamné la commune aux dépens, le même jugement déboute Crancy du surplus de ses conclusions. Crancy s'est pourvu par appel devant le tribunal de première instance de Vesoul, en ce que ce jugement ne lui avait pas alloué le paiement des matériaux enlevés et les dommages-intérêts qu'il avait demandés; mais il a acquiescé aux dispositions de ce même jugement qui le maintient dans la possession et jouissance, et qui condamne la commune aux dépens. Pour obtenir le paiement de ces dépens, il s'est adressé au préfet du département; le maire a demandé à être autorisé à interjeter appel du jugement. Le préfet du département, au lieu d'autoriser le maire à se pourvoir par la voie de l'appel contre le jugement, a revendiqué la connaissance de cette affaire, et il a élevé le conflit par son arrêté du 23 février 1812. Cet arrêté est appuyé sur une instruction du ministre de l'intérieur du 7 prairial an 13, sur l'avis du conseil d'état, approuvé le 18 juin 1809, portant que les usurpations des fonds communaux ne peuvent être jugées que par les conseils de préfecture et sur l'arrêté du 13 brumaire an 10. Le ministre de la justice, consulté sur le mérite de ce conflit, a pensé que cette contestation présentait deux questions, la première, relative à l'usurpation que le suaire d'Amance soutenait avoir été commise par Crancy, sur la voie publique et sur une place servant à la tenue de la foire ; la deuxième question avait pour objet l'encombrement des terrains par les dépôts que Crancy y avait faits, et qui obstruaient la voie publique; Que la première question était du ressort de l'autorité administrative, conformément à l'avis du conseil d'état du 18 juin 1809, et aux instructions ministérielles du 7 prairial an 13 ; que sous ce rapport le conflit paraît être fondé, et la connaissance de cet objet appartenait à l'autorité administrative. Que relativement à la deuxième question, l'embarras de la voie publique était un délit prévu par le paragraphe 4 de l'article 471 du Code pénal; que ce délit aurait dû être constaté par un procès-verbal en forme, et poursuivi conformément au même code; Que sur ce point on ne voit pas qu'aucune formalité ait précédé l'enlèvement des matériaux appartenant à sieur Crancy; que l'usage qui en a été fait en les employant à la réparation des chemins vicinaux, ne peut couvrir l'irrégularité de cet acte, ni donner lieu à l'application des dispositions relatives aux chemins vicinaux, et que l'affaire, sous ce point de vue, devait être portée devant les tribunaux. Dans cet état, est intervenu le décret dont la teneur suit : N°. — Sur le rapport de notre commission du contentieux ; Vu le rapport qui nous a été présenté par notre grand-juge ministre de la justice, relativement au conflit élevé par le préfet de la Haute-Saône, dans la cause du sieur Crancy, appelant au tribunal de première instance de l'arrondissement de Vesoul, de la sentence du juge de paix d'Amance, en date du 11 novembre 1811 ; Vu la sentence du juge de paix qui déclare que la petite partie de terrain que la commune d'Amance prétend faire partie de la voie publique, était la propriété particulière du sieur Crancy ; Vu l'arrêté par lequel le préfet élève le conflit ; Considérant que l'existence du chemin vicinal n'est point contestée ; Que le maire d'Amance prétend que les terrains en litige en font partie ; Qu'aux termes des lois la connaissance des anticipations sur la voie publique est réservée à l'administration ; Et par conséquent que le conseil de préfecture est compétent pour prononcer sur les contestations dont il s'agit ; Notre conseil d'état entendu, Nous avons décrété et décrétons ce qui suit : Art. 1er. La sentence du juge de paix du canton d'Amance, sous la date du 11 novembre 1811, est déclarée nulle et non avenue. Le conflit élevé par le préfet de la Haute-Saône est maintenu. Les parties sont renvoyées à se pourvoir par devant le conseil de préfecture du même département. 2. Notre grand-juge ministre de la justice, et notre ministre de l'intérieur sont chargés, chacun en ce qui le concerne, de l'exécution du présent décret. Décret du 7 août 1812.(1071) N°. 91. CONSEILS DE PRÉFECTURE. INTERLOCUTEURS. — CHOSE JUGÉE. Un conseil de préfecture peut rétracter une décision purement interlocutoire. (Baylac.—C,—les propriétaires du moulin le Bazacle.) Dans le courant de l'an 10, Dominique Baylac fit construire un moulin à blé sur la Garonne, à Toulouse, à peu de distance et au-dessous de la digue qui conduisait les eaux de ce fleuve au moulin appelé le Bazacle. Sur la fin de l'an 11, les propriétaires du moulin le Bazacle firent placer des madriers sur cette partie de leur digue, et détournèrent les eaux de la portion de la digue correspondante au canal de service du moulin du sieur Baylac. Le sieur Baylac porta sa réclamation devant le conseil de préfecture de la Haute-Garonne, et demanda que les propriétaires du moulin le Bazacle fussent condamnés à lui payer une indemnité de 30,000 francs, et que défenses leur fussent faites d'intercepter à l'avenir les eaux nécessaires à son moulin. La contestation fut instruite contradictoirement: les propriétaires du moulin le Bazacle soutinrent qu'ils ne devaient aucune indemnité, qu'au contraire le sieur Baylac lui-même leur en devait 5 en conséquence, ils formèrent à cet égard leur demande. Dans cet état, un premier arrêté ordonna qu'avant faire droit il serait procédé, devant le maire de Toulouse, à une enquête administrative, où l'on fixerait, devant les parties, le temps qui s'était écoulé depuis l'époque où les propriétaires du Bazacle avaient bouché leur chaussée dans la partie correspondante au canal de prise d'eau du moulin de Baylac, jusqu'à l'époque où ils avaient enlevé lesdits ouvrages, pour, ensuite, être statué ce qu'il appartiendrait; par le même arrêté il fut dit, que la demande en indemnité formée par les propriétaires du moulin le Bazacle, contre le sieur Baylac, était rejetée. Il fut procédé à cette enquête ; il en résulta que les travaux du moulin du sieur Baylac avaient été pleinement interrompus pendant les mois de vendémiaire, brumaire, frimaire, nivôse et pluviôse an 12; et le 19 décembre 1809, le conseil de préfecture rendit un arrêté, qui, fixant à cinq mois, le temps pendant lequel le sieur Baylac avait souffert des dommages, ordonna qu'ils seraient évalués par experts. Cet arrêté était contradictoire. Pour guider les experts dans leurs opérations, l’arrêté, article 8, portait : "Les experts auront égard, dans l’évaluation des dommages dont il s'agit, 1°. au nombre des meules existantes, au 1er. vendémiaire an 12, dans le moulin du sieur Baylac; 2°. à la quantité de grains que pouvait moudre ledit moulin par vingt-quatre heures; ils consulteront, à ce sujet, les livres d’entrée et de sortie de grains et farines de différentes natures, pendant le cours des années 9, 10 et 11; le prix desdits grains sera fixé par lesdits experts d’après le prix moyen porté par les merciales du marché de la ville de Toulouse pendant les cinq premiers mois de l’année; 3°. au nombre des bêtes de somme employées au transport des grains et farines, ainsi qu’au nombre de garçons meuniers aux gages de Baylac dans ledit moulin, en se conformant à l’état de choses existant aux ans 9; 10 et 11; 4° à la diminution ou augmentation du volume des eaux pendant les cinq mois indiqués; ils prendront des renseignements, à cet égard, avec le patron de la navigation et les ingénieurs des ponts et chaussées chargés de la surveillance des ouvrages d’art sur la rivière de Garonne dans cette partie; 5°. à la diminution du volume d'eau qu'aurait pu produire, en vendémiaire an 12, la réparation de la chaussée du Bazacle dans la partie correspondante au canal de prise d’eau du moulin de Baylac, si ladite réparation eût été faite successivement et seulement dans l’espace de temps nécessaire pour la confection. Le même arrêté porte, article 9 : « les experts pourront prendre les renseignements qu'ils jugeront convenables pour parvenir au but de leurs opérations avec les parties intéressées ou d’autres personnes qu'ils croiront convenable de consulter, en se conformant, toutefois, dans le résultat de leur travail, à ce qui est prescrit dans l'article précédent. » Le sieur Baylac se disposait à poursuivre l’exécution de cet arrêté, pour faire déterminer les dommages-intérêts auxquels il avait droit. Les propriétaires du moulin le Bazacle réclamèrent contre cet arrêté devant le conseil de préfecture, et le 10 août 1810 intervint un nouvel arrêté, portant que, attendu les observations renfermées dans le mémoire des propriétaires du Bazacle, et les renseignements pris depuis l'arrêté du 19 décembre 1809, le conseil réformant les dispositions de l'article 8 dudit arrêté, arrête : Les experts qui seront nommés en vertu des art. 6 et 7 de l'arrêté du 19 décembre 1809, auront égard, dans l'évaluation des dommages, à la situation du moulin, à la confiance dont pouvait jouir le sieur Baylac lorsqu'il en était propriétaire, au genre de construction et à l'état de solidité dudit moulin; l'article 8 de l'arrêté du 19 décembre est rapporté. Le sieur Baylac a réclamé contre cet arrêté, pour demander le rétablissement des dispositions de l'arrêté du 19 décembre; et le 6 février 1811, le conseil de préfecture a rendu un dernier arrêté portant, qu'il persistait dans les motifs qui l'avaient dirigé dans la décision du 10 août 1810; que, dès lors, il n'y avait lieu à délibérer sur le mémoire du sieur Baylac; et qu'en conséquence l'arrêté du 10 août 1810 sortirait son plein et entier effet. Le sieur Baylac s'est pourvu au Conseil d'état, contre les deux arrêtés des 10 août 1810 et 6 février 1811. Pour moyens, il a dit que l'arrêté du 10 août 1810 renfermait un excès de pouvoir, qu'il n'était basé sur aucun motifs, et qu'il ne contenait aucun considérants. Qu'en matière contentieuse, les arrêtés de l'autorité administrative étaient de véritables jugements rendus entre les parties, qui avaient un droit acquis, au moment où ils étaient prononcés, et contre lesquels on ne pouvait recourir que devant l'autorité supérieure; Que lorsque un conseil de préfecture avait statué contradictoirement, sa décision devait subsister : qu'il n'était plus en son pouvoir de la modifier ni rétracter, parce qu'il ne pouvait être le réviseur de ses propres jugements; Que quoique cet arrêté ne fût qu'interlocutoire, il n'en était pas moins définitif par la manière dont les experts devaient opérer, pour déterminer la fixation des dommages ; que le mode prescrit par l'arrêté ne pouvait plus être changé par l'autorité qui l'avait rendu que cette autorité était liée, en ce sens, qu'elle ne pouvait pas détruire son propre ouvrage, sauf à elle, en prononçant au fond sur la quotité des dommages, à apprécier, suivant sa prudence, l'opération des experts ; en conséquence, il a demandé qu'en annullant les arrêtés des 10 août 1810 et 6 février 1811, il fût ordonné que l'arrêté du 19 décembre 1810 serait maintenu, pour être exécuté selon sa forme et teneur. | 49,764 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Франческо | https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Франческо&action=history | Ukrainian | Spoken | 19 | 83 | Франческо () — чоловіче ім'я.
Франческо Параміджаніно (1503–1540) — італійський живописець.
Франческо Патріці (1529–1597) — італійський філософ.
Франческо Хаєс | 22,668 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29790257 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Kategorie:Hruboskalské panství | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 14 | 42 | Kategorie:Hruboskalské panství
kategorie na projektech Wikimedia
Kategorie:Hruboskalské panství instance (čeho) kategorie na projektech Wikimedia | 20,692 |
https://github.com/ponpoko1968/ReSwiftThunk/blob/master/Demo/ReSwiftThunkDemo/Pods/ReSwiftThunk/ReSwiftThunk/ThunkAction.swift | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,019 | ReSwiftThunk | ponpoko1968 | Swift | Code | 54 | 155 | //
// ThunkAction.swift
// ReSwiftThunk
//
// Created by Mike Cole on 11/15/16.
// Copyright © 2016 iOS Mike. All rights reserved.
//
import ReSwift
public struct ThunkAction: Action {
public var action: (@escaping ReSwift.DispatchFunction, @escaping ReSwift.GetState) -> Any
public init(action: @escaping (@escaping ReSwift.DispatchFunction, @escaping ReSwift.GetState) -> Any) {
self.action = action
}
}
| 30,696 |
US-56642156-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 1,956 | None | None | English | Spoken | 2,141 | 2,907 | Casing pusher
Feb. 24, 1959 FIG. 2
M. AQDANNEHL CASING PUSHER Filed Feb. 20, 1956 IN V EN TOR. MELVINAUG'US T DANNEHL ATTORNEY United States Patent() 1 Claim. (Cl. 254-29)This invention relates generally to improvements in the art of welldrilling, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to anapparatus for pushing cylindrical members such as casing and drill pipeinto a restricted well bore.
In geophysical prospecting it is frequently necessary to drill shotholes in areas where sand, gravel and boulders are encountered,particularly in the sedimentary portion of the shot holes. Such stratatend to cave in the walls of the bore hole, both while the bore is beingdrilled and in the process of loading dynamite in the hole. As a result,the usual procedure'is to set a casing through the sedimentary portionof such a shot hole or bore to facilitate drilling the bore below thesedimentary portion, and to prevent caving in of the walls of the borewhile the shot hole is being loaded with dynamite.
During the operation of lowering a casing through such a shot hole, thelower end of the casing frequently contacts a restricted portion of thebore where the walls of the bore have already caved in. In such an eventit is necessary to force the casing through the restricted portion ofthe bore. Various methods have heretofore been used to push the casingdownwardly. Perhaps the most efficient method heretofore known was bythe use of a jar hammer. This operation was accomplished by lifting alarge weight (such as 200 pounds) with the hoisting line of the drillingapparatus and then dropping the weight on top of the casing. It will beapparent that the only instant a substantial force is applied to thecasing by the use ofsuch a process is at the instant the weight contactsthe upper end of the casing. Therefore, such a method is slow andtedious and frequently resulted in failure; thereby necessitatingpulling the casing and starting over, or, if the bottom of the casingwas below the sedimentary formation, cutting off the casing toapproximately ground level.
The present invention contemplates a novel clamping apparatus wherebythe drive rod of the drilling unit, which is usually operated byhydraulic pressure, can be applied directly to the casing. The apparatusof this invention utilizes a pair of pivotally supported clamps forsecurely contacting opposite sides of the casing or other cylindricalmember, whereby a substantial downward force may be imposed through theclamps to the casing. The clamps are supported in such a manner that thedownward force may be applied to the casing with a minimum tendency forpivoting orbending the casing,
whereby the casing may be forced through a shot hole in a substantiallytrue vertical direction. Also, the apparatus of this invention may beeasily arranged along the casing by the hoisting line of the drillingunit for making a new bite or engagement with the casing to furtherforce the casing into a well bore or shot hole.
An important object of this invention is to generally improve welldrilling operations.
Another object of this invention is to facilitate the lowering of casingthrough a restricted shot hole or well bore.
ice
A further object of this invention is to impose the maximum availableforce on a casing being lowered through a restricted shot hole.
Another object of this invention is to minimize the bending of a casingbeing forced through a restricted shot hole, whereby the casing ispushed in the desired downward direction.
A still further object of this invention is to provide a simplyconstructed casing pushing apparatus which may be economicallymanufactured.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be evident from thefollowing detailed description, when read in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, which illustrate my invention.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of my novel casing pusher.
Figure 2 is an elevational view of the casing pusher shown in operatingposition on a casing during a pushing operation.
Figure 3 is an elevational view of the casing pusher being raisedupwardly along a casing for the purpose of reengaging the casing andfurther pushing the easing into a well bore.
Broadly stated, the present invention may be defined as an apparatus fortransmitting a downward pushing force to a vertically extendingcylindrical member, comprising a pair of parallel side beams secured inspaced relation, a pair of opposed clamping jaws pivotally securedbetween and at one end portion of said beams, said jaws being spaced toreceive the cylindrical member therebetween and to clamp said memberwhen the opposite end portions of said beams are forced down withrespect tosaid jaws, and a push plate secured to said opposite endportions of said beams for receiving the downward pushing force, saidpush plate being secured at an angle to remain substantially horizontalwhen said jaws engage the cylindrical member.
Referring to the drawings in detail, and particularly Fig. 1, referencecharacter 4 generally designates my novel casing pusher which has a pairof parallel side beams 6. The side beams 6 are arranged in spacedrelation to receive and support a pair of opposed clamping jaws 8 and 10therebetween.
a The foremost or forward clamping jaw 8 is rigidly secured on a pair ofarms 12 which extend forwardly from the jaw along the adjacent or innersides of the beams 6 toward the ends 14 thereof. A pin 16 extendstransversely through the arms 12 and the side beams 6 adjacent the ends14 to pivotally support the arms 12 and the forward jaw 8. The pin 16has a handlelS on one end thereof to facilitate removal of the pin. Theopposite end of the pin 16 may be supported in any desired manner in theopposite side beam 6, such as by the use of a threaded nut or cotter pin(not shown).
The opposite clamping jaw 10 is rigidly supported on a pair of arms 20which extend rearwardly from the jaw along the side beams 6. Another pin22 extends transversely through the side beams 6 to pivotally supportthe arms 20. Thepin 22 is preferably permanently secured to the sidebeams 6, and in spaced relation to the pin 16, to position the clampingjaws 8 and 10 loosely around a casing or the like when the arms 12 and20 extend horizontally along the side beams 6 as illustrated in Figurel, and as will be more fully hereinafter set forth. A hook or eye 24 issecured to the upper surface or crown of the pin 22 about half waybetween the beams 6 for receiving a hoisting line 34 of the drillingunit (not shown) to facilitate raising the apparatus 4.
A push plate 26, preferably in the form of a channel, is secured betweenthe side beams 6 rearwardly of the pin 22 and extends beyond the rearends 28 of the side beams 6. It is to be observed that the push plate 26extends Patented F eh. 24, 1959 Operation In lowering .a casing- 30(see'Fig. 2') through a typical well bore or shot hole 32, the casing 36will frequently contact'a restricted portion (not shown) of the wellbore 32;, whereupon the casing 36} will not move downwardly through thewell, bore 32 by its own weight. In that event, the casing pusher 4 maybe installed on the casing 30 in the manner illustrated in'Fig. 2 totransmit a downward, force-from the drilling apparatus to the casing 36.
To install the apparatus 48 on the casing 3t}, the forward pin 16 isremoved from the side beams 6 to permit removal of the forward clampingjaw 5; and arms 12. The side: beams 6 may thenbe placed transversely or.laterally over the casing 30 until the rearward clamping jaw it)contacts the side of the casing. whereupon the clamping jaw 8' is placedin contact with the opposite side of the casing 30 and is securedbetween the side beams 6 by reinserting the pin 16. It is preferred thatthe clamping jaws 8 and 10 are of a size-and the pins 16 and 22 arespaced-such that the clamping'jaws 8 and lit loosely surround the'casing30 when the side beams 6 extend at right angles to the casing 39.
The usual drive rod (not shown) of the drilling apparatus is thenlowered into contact with the push plate 2.6 to pivot the side beams 6into the position illustrated in Fig, 2. As the side beams 6 are pivotedto lower the rearward ends 23 thereof, the clamping jaws 8 and it? arewedged or forced into contact with the opposite sides of the casing 30.his preferred that the size of the clamping jaws 8 and to, with respectto the casing 36:, is such thattlre push plate 26 extends substantiallyhorizontal when the". clamping jawsare in tight engagement with theopposite sides of the casing. Therefore, when the downward force on thepush plate 26 is continued, the driverod will exert a verticallydownward force on. the push plate 26'and will not have a tendency towedge the apparatus 4 toward the casing 3%. Also, the downward forceexerted by the drive rod will have a minimum tendency to bend the casing3%, thereby efiectively trans mitting the downward force of the drillingunit to the casing 30.
Whenthe apparatus' 4 has been forced downwardly into proximity with theground level, or to the lowest extent desired, the hoisting line 34 ofthe drilling apparatus is secured to the eye or hook 24 and the drillrod is raised above the push plate 26. The hoisting line 34 is thenpulled upwardly to rais'e the apparatus along the casing 30. It will beobserved that the eye 24 is positioned at approximately the center ofgravity ofthc apparatus-4, whereby the side beams 6 will tend to pivotback into a horizontal position when an upward force is exerted on thehoisting line'34.
As thebeam's 6 are moved into their horizontal positions, the clampingjaws 8 and 10 pivot on the pins 16 and 22 until the arms 12 and 26extend horizontally along the side beams 6. The jaws 8 and 10 will thenagain extend loosely around the casing 30 and slide along the casing 30as the apparatus 4 is raised In the event a further pushing of thecasing 36 is de sired or required, the hoisting line 34 is stopped whenthe apparatus 4 has beenraised tothe desired extent. The drive rod isthen again lowered into contact with the push" plate 26 tolpivot theside beams 67 and lower the ends 28, to again bring the clamping jaws 8and 10 into engagement with opposite sides of the casing 30. The
hoisting line 34 is then disconnected from the eye 24, or slackened, andthe force imposed by the drive rod on the plate 26 is continuedto againforce the casing downwardly in the well bore 32;
The action of the apparatus 'may be supplemented by periodicallydropping a weight on the upper end of t thecasiug 30 in the'mauner'previously described. How'- ever, theuse of the apparatus 4 alone'is allthat is ordinarily required to force the casing 30 into the well'bore32.
The apparatus 4 may. be-rernoved'. from the casingSt) either by raisingthe apparatus 4 until it slips off of the upper end of the casing, orby"re"m'oving the forward jaw 8 in the manner previously described andmoving the apparatus 4 laterally from the casing. It will be apparentthat'the; apparatus 4'111'2Yib8' used on various sizes ofcasing ortother cylindrical members merely by? u changing the sizes of theclamping jaws 8 and 10.
From'the foregoing it is apparent that the present in vention willimprove well drilling operations-and panic ularly the completion of shotholes for geophysicalpr'ospecting. By use of the presentinvention, thelowering:
of casing through a' restricted shot hole or well bore will bematerially facilitated, since the maximum available force may be imposedupon the casing. The'casingwill he forced in substantially a truedownward dircction with a minimum of bending of the casing. Itwilltalsotbe apparent that the present apparatus is simply constructed?and may be economically manufactured Changes may be made in thecombination and arrange ments of parts as heretofore set forth inthesp'ecificatio'rr andshownin the drawings, it being understood tliatchanges may be made in the precise-embodiment shown without departingfrom the spirit and scopeof the inventtion as settfortn in the followingclaim:
I claim:
' An apparatus for transmitting a downward pushing force to a verticallyextending cylindrical member, comprising a pair" of parallel sidebeamssecured in spacedz relationship, apair of opposed arcuate clampingjaws, a" pair of parallel spaced arms for each of said jaws, eacharmbeing secured at one end to one of said jaws,',aipairlof pins,extendingv transversely through said beams,*one.
pin extending through one end of each pair ofsaid arms to pivotallysecure said pair of clamping jaws to said pair of parallel beams; a pushplate secured to said beams externally of said jaws for receivingadownward pushing force, said push platebeing secured at an angletoremain substantially horizontal when said jawsengagethe'cylindricalme'moer, one'of saidpair of pins being removable and securing the outerjaw of-said pair of clamping jaws between said side beams, and a liftinghook secured to the other of said pair of pins for raising the apparatusalong the cylindrical member.
References Cited in the file ofthis patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,469,911 Aumiller t. i Oct. 9, 1923;
2,679,379 Peterson 7... May 25,- 1954' FOREIGN PATENTS 329,923- Germany"Dec'. 1; 1920'.
| 3,480 |
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4%20%EA%B0%80%EC%95%BC%EB%A5%B4%EB%8F%84 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 카를로스 가야르도 | https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=카를로스 가야르도&action=history | Korean | Spoken | 88 | 396 | 카를로스 가야르도(Carlos Gallardo, 1966년 6월 22일 ~ )는 멕시코의 배우, 영화 감독, 영화 프로듀서, 각본가, 영화배우, 무대 디자이너, 의상 디자이너이다.
영화
런던워Z: 레드콘 (2018년)
스타워치 (2014년)
플래닛 테러 (2007년) - 부보안관 카를로스 역
그라인드하우스 (2007년) - segment Planet Terror-카를로스 역
밴디도 (2004년) - 맥스 역
원스 어폰 어 타임 인 멕시코 (2003년)
이스트사이드 (1999년)
브라보 (1998년)
싱글 액션 (1998년)
데스페라도 (1995년) - 캄파 역
엘 마리아치 (1992년)
외부 링크
살아있는 사람
멕시코의 남자 영화 배우
멕시코의 영화 감독
멕시코의 영화 프로듀서
멕시코의 영화 각본가
아일랜드계 멕시코인
1966년 출생 | 33,630 |
https://github.com/RockyQu/MVPFrames/blob/master/Common/src/main/java/me/mvp/frame/base/delegate/fragment/FragmentDelegate.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,019 | MVPFrames | RockyQu | Java | Code | 79 | 270 | package me.mvp.frame.base.delegate.fragment;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
/**
* {@link Fragment} 生命周期代理接口
*/
public interface FragmentDelegate{
String FRAGMENT_DELEGATE = "FRAGMENT_DELEGATE";
void onAttach(@NonNull Context context);
void onCreate(@NonNull Bundle savedInstanceState);
void onCreateView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull Bundle savedInstanceState);
void onActivityCreated(@NonNull Bundle savedInstanceState);
void onStart();
void onResume();
void onPause();
void onStop();
void onDestroyView();
void onDestroy();
void onDetach();
void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState);
/**
* Return true if the fragment is currently added to its activity.
*/
boolean isAdded();
} | 25,038 |
https://github.com/yannklein/angels-share/blob/master/src/lib/routes/protected.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | angels-share | yannklein | JavaScript | Code | 42 | 136 | import ProfileLayout from '../../views/profile/layout/index.svelte'
import DashboardIndex from '../../views/profile/dashboard/index.svelte'
import NpoIndex from '../../views/profile/npo/index.svelte'
const protectedRoutes = [
{
name: 'profile',
component: ProfileLayout,
nestedRoutes: [
{ name: 'index', component: DashboardIndex },
{ name: 'npo', component: NpoIndex }
]
}
]
export { protectedRoutes }
| 40,821 |
https://github.com/AschPlatform/asch-android/blob/master/base/src/main/java/asch/io/base/util/RxSchedulerUtils.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,020 | asch-android | AschPlatform | Java | Code | 45 | 225 | package asch.io.base.util;
import rx.Observable;
import rx.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import rx.schedulers.Schedulers;
/**
* @author kimziv ([email protected])
* 2017/2/17
*/
public final class RxSchedulerUtils {
/**
* 在RxJava的使用过程中我们会频繁的调用subscribeOn()和observeOn(),通过Transformer结合
* Observable.compose()我们可以复用这些代码
*
* @return Transformer
*/
public static <T> Observable.Transformer<T, T> normalSchedulersTransformer() {
return observable -> observable.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread());
}
}
| 46,686 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago%20di%20Fiastra | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Lago di Fiastra | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lago di Fiastra&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 213 | 405 | Il lago di Fiastra è un lago artificiale i cui lavori sono iniziati nel 1949 allo scopo di fornire energia elettrica nella Vallata del Fiastrone ed è situato a Fiastra nella provincia di Macerata nelle Marche. La sua superficie è di 2 km². Il lago è situato all'interno del Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini ed è alimentato dalle acque del fiume Fiastrone e piccoli affluenti minori che creano angoli suggestivi. Il lago è molto famoso per eventi importanti come il "Triathlon dei Monti Sibillini" o numerose gare di pesca sportiva. Le sue acque sono particolarmente limpide e non inquinate. Le rive sul lato sinistro della diga sono molto ripide, mentre il lato destro è costeggiato da una pista ciclabile da cui si può facilmente accedere al lago. Vicino al lago, proseguendo su una stradina sterrata che inizia dalla diga del lago, si possono raggiungere le Lame Rosse.
Dati dello sbarramento
Tipologia: diga arco-gravità, mediamente arcuata in pianta, simmetrica e con notevole strapiombo verso valle
Anno di inizio lavori: 1949
Anno di fine lavori: 1954
Altezza sul punto più depresso delle fondazioni: 87 m
Altezza sul piano dell'alveo: 81,50 m
Sviluppo del coronamento: 254 m
Volume del calcestruzzo: 158 000 m³
Voci correlate
Geografia
Marche
Altri progetti
Fiastra
Fiastra
Fiastra
Valle del Rio Sacro | 7,869 |
https://github.com/Italic-2012/react-wyy-music-pc/blob/master/src/pages/Player/components/Video/index.tsx | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | react-wyy-music-pc | Italic-2012 | TSX | Code | 389 | 1,504 | import React, {
useState, useEffect, useRef, createContext, useReducer, memo,
} from 'react';
import {
IconPlayerPlay,
IconRefresh
} from '@tabler/icons';
import classNames from 'classnames';
import { setPositionFalse, setPositionTrue } from '@/reducers/inset/slice';
import { useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import DomControl from './Control';
import DomTiming from './Timing';
import videoReducer, { initialState } from './reducer';
import {
actionSetFull,
actionSetPlay,
actionSetBuffered,
actionSetCurrentTime,
actionSetDuration,
} from './reducer/actions';
export const VideoContext = createContext(null);
export default memo(({
url, detail, brs = [], fixed, next = {}
}) => {
const [{
play,
duration,
currentTime,
jumpTime,
buffered,
full,
}, videoDispatch] = useReducer(videoReducer, initialState);
const refVideo = useRef<HTMLVideoElement>(null);
const dispatch = useDispatch();
const [isEnd, setIsEnd] = useState(false);
const [isAuto, setIsAuto] = useState(true)
const handleChangePlay = () => {
if (play) {
refVideo.current.pause();
} else {
refVideo.current.play();
}
videoDispatch(actionSetPlay(!play));
// setPlay(!play);
};
const handleEnd = () => {
setIsEnd(true);
};
const handlechangeFull = async () => {
if (full) {
// 退出全屏
// refVideo.current.webkitExitFullscreen();
await document.webkitExitFullscreen();
dispatch(setPositionTrue());
} else {
// 进入全屏
// refVideo.current.webkitEnterFullScreen();
await document.documentElement.webkitRequestFullScreen();
dispatch(setPositionFalse());
}
videoDispatch(actionSetFull(!full));
};
const handleProgress = ({ target }) => {
// console.log(target.buffered.length);
const buffered = [];
for (let i = 0; i < target.buffered.length; i += 1) {
const onebuffered = [target.buffered.start(i), target.buffered.end(i)];
buffered.push(onebuffered);
// console.log(onebuffered);
}
videoDispatch(actionSetBuffered(buffered));
// setBuffered(target.buffered.end(0));
// console.log(refVideo.current.buffered.end(0));
};
const handleSetTime = ({ target }) => {
// console.log(e);
videoDispatch(actionSetCurrentTime(target.currentTime));
// setCurrentTime(target.currentTime);// e.timeStamp
};
const handlePreSetTime = ({ target }) => {
// console.log(e);
videoDispatch(actionSetDuration(target.duration));
// setDuration(target.duration);// e.timeStamp
};
useEffect(() => {
// videoDispatch(actionSetCurrentTime(jumptime));
refVideo.current.currentTime = jumpTime;
}, [jumpTime]);
return (
<div className={classNames('ui_aspect-ratio-16/9', fixed ? ' absolute bottom-16 right-8 z-10 w-80' : 'relative')}>
<div className={classNames('flex flex-col inset-0', full ? 'fixed z-50' : 'absolute')}>
<div className="bg-black flex-auto h-0 relative">
<video
src={url}
ref={refVideo}
onClick={handleChangePlay}
onProgress={handleProgress}
onTimeUpdate={handleSetTime}
onLoadedMetadata={handlePreSetTime}
className="h-full m-auto cursor-pointer"
onDoubleClick={handlechangeFull}
onEnded={handleEnd}
playsInline
autoPlay={play}
/>
{
!play
&& (
<button
onClick={handleChangePlay}
type="button"
className="ico text-white bg-black bg-opacity-10 border border-gray-300 cursor-pointer hover:border-white rounded-full absolute inset-0 m-auto w-16 h-16 flex-center"
>
<IconPlayerPlay size={24} className="fill-current" />
</button>
)
}
{/*<div className="absolute text-gray-300 inset-0 flex-center flex-col bg-black bg-opacity-60">
<div className="text-sm">
即将自动为您播放：{next.title}
</div>
<div className="flex">
<div className="flex-center flex-col">
<div className="border rounded-full flex-center">
<IconRefresh size={36}/>
</div>
<div>重新播放</div>
</div>
<div className="flex-center flex-col">
<div className="border rounded-full flex-center">
<IconPlayerPlay size={36}/>
</div>
<button type="button" className="">取消自动播放</button>
<div>自动播放已暂停</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>*/}
</div>
<VideoContext.Provider value={{
handleChangePlay,
play,
duration,
currentTime,
buffered,
handlechangeFull,
full,
videoDispatch,
}}
>
<DomTiming />
<DomControl />
</VideoContext.Provider>
</div>
</div>
);
});
| 587 |
https://github.com/Eliav2rll2v/benjymous/blob/master/src/main/java/com/baomidou/plugin/idea/mybatisx/smartjpa/common/iftest/ConditionFieldWrapper.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | null | benjymous | Eliav2rll2v | Java | Code | 184 | 681 | package com.baomidou.plugin.idea.mybatisx.smartjpa.common.iftest;
import com.baomidou.plugin.idea.mybatisx.dom.model.Mapper;
import com.baomidou.plugin.idea.mybatisx.smartjpa.common.MapperClassGenerateFactory;
import com.baomidou.plugin.idea.mybatisx.smartjpa.component.TxField;
import com.baomidou.plugin.idea.mybatisx.smartjpa.operate.generate.Generator;
import java.util.List;
/**
* The interface Condition field wrapper.
*/
public interface ConditionFieldWrapper {
/**
* Wrapper condition text string.
*
* @param fieldName the field name
* @param templateText the template text
* @return the string
*/
String wrapConditionText(String fieldName, String templateText);
/**
* Wrapper where string.
*
* @param content the content
* @return the string
*/
String wrapWhere(String content);
/**
* Gets all fields.
*
* @return the all fields
*/
String getAllFields();
/**
* Gets result map.
*
* @return the result map
*/
String getResultMap();
/**
* Gets result type.
*
* @return the result type
*/
String getResultType();
Boolean isResultType();
Generator getGenerator(MapperClassGenerateFactory mapperClassGenerateFactory);
void setMapper(Mapper mapper);
/**
* 包装默认的字段值，
* 如果字段名是默认字段, 返回默认日期关键字。
* 如果不是默认字段,任然返回原先的字段值
* 例如对 create_time,update_time 字段改为数据库的默认时间
* oracle的默认日期: SYSDATE
*
* @param columnName 字段名
* @param fieldValue 字段的实际值
* @return 字段值
*/
String wrapDefaultDateIfNecessary(String columnName, String fieldValue);
List<String> getDefaultDateList();
List<TxField> getResultTxFields();
/**
* 默认换行数量
* @return
*/
int getNewline();
String wrapperField(String originName, String name, String canonicalTypeText);
String wrapperBetweenCondition(String fieldName, String begin, String end, String canonicalTypeText);
}
| 33,137 |
sn83016209_1963-01-10_1_17_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,963 | None | None | English | Spoken | 271 | 363 | ROCKVILLE REPORTS... JAN. 10, 1963 A HEALTHY FINANCIAL OUTLOOK The City is in sound financial health. A combination of continuing growth and prudent fiscal management made 1961-1962 one of the best years in recent Rockville history from a financial standpoint. Among the highlights were: • A 2c reduction in the current city tax rate, from 80c to 78c. • A 2c reduction in the city water rate, from 40c to 38c. • Sale of the City's 1962 bond issue at the lowest interest rate in the past 10 years—2.96%—a rate which was lower than those at which the County, the Parle and Planning Commission, and the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission sold their bonds, and one which will save the City thousands of dollars in interest over the life of the issue. • Reductions of 25% in the cost of the City's general insurance coverage and 38% in the cost of its group life insurance coverage. • Receipt of the coveted "Certificate of Conformance" Award from the Municipal Finance Officers' Association of the United States and Canada, making Rockville the first Maryland city to win this citation for distinguished financial reporting. 1961-62 CITY BUDGET PROPERTY TAXIS PUBLIC WORKS PERMITS INCOME EXPENDITURES The charts above show where the funds for the $1,340,010 operating budget for 1961-62 came from and how they were distributed. Revenues and expenditures relating to the water utility and special assessment funds are excluded from the chart since both are financed by direct charges for specific benefits. Copies of the 1961-62 62 financial report, which gives detailed information on City finances, are available at City Hall upon request. Page 3. | 39,132 |
https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%20%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | پاتريك كونيك | https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=پاتريك كونيك&action=history | Egyptian Arabic | Spoken | 48 | 152 | پاتريك كونيك سياسى من امريكا.
حياته
پاتريك كونيك من مواليد يوم 1 مارس 1961.
الدراسه
درس فى Loyola University New Orleans.
الحياه العمليه
سياسيا عضو فى: الحزب الجمهورى.
اشتغل فى: مدينة باتون روچ فى ولاية لويزيانا.
المناصب
عضو مجلس نواب لويزيانا
لينكات برانيه
مصادر
سياسيين
سياسيين من امريكا | 6,984 |
https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-PageImages/blob/master/includes/Job/InitImageDataJob.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | WTFPL | 2,023 | mediawiki-extensions-PageImages | wikimedia | PHP | Code | 124 | 309 | <?php
namespace PageImages\Job;
use Job;
use MediaWiki\MediaWikiServices;
use MediaWiki\Title\Title;
use MWExceptionHandler;
use RefreshLinks;
class InitImageDataJob extends Job {
/**
* @param Title $title Title object associated with this job
* @param array $params Parameters to the job, containing an array of
* page ids representing which pages to process
*/
public function __construct( Title $title, array $params ) {
parent::__construct( 'InitImageDataJob', $title, $params );
}
/**
* @inheritDoc
*/
public function run() {
$lbFactory = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getDBLoadBalancerFactory();
foreach ( $this->params['page_ids'] as $id ) {
try {
RefreshLinks::fixLinksFromArticle( $id );
$lbFactory->waitForReplication();
} catch ( \Exception $e ) {
// There are some broken pages out there that just don't parse.
// Log it and keep on trucking.
MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
}
}
return true;
}
}
| 34,259 |
https://github.com/leechcrawler/leech/blob/master/src/main/java/de/dfki/km/leech/util/certificates/CertificateStore.java | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause | 2,020 | leech | leechcrawler | Java | Code | 379 | 740 | /*
Leech - crawling capabilities for Apache Tika
Copyright (C) 2012 DFKI GmbH, Author: Christian Reuschling
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Contact us by mail: [email protected]
*/
/*
* Copyright (c) 2005 - 2008 Aduna.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Aperture BSD-style license.
*/
package de.dfki.km.leech.util.certificates;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* The base interface for all certificate stores used by the StandardTrustManager.
*/
public interface CertificateStore {
/**
* Loads all certificates belonging to this store (optional operation).
*/
public void load() throws IOException, CertificateException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException;
/**
* Saves all certificates belonging to this store (optional operation).
*/
public void save() throws IOException, CertificateException, KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException;
/**
* Add a Certificate to this CertificateStore (optional operation).
*
* @param certificate The Certificate to add.
*/
public void add(Certificate certificate) throws KeyStoreException;
/**
* Remove a Certificate from this CertificateStore (optional operation);
*
* @param certificate The Certificate to remove.
*/
public void remove(Certificate certificate) throws KeyStoreException;
/**
* Returns whether this certificate store contains the specified Certificate (optional operation).
*
* @param certificate The Certificate that is tested for presence in this CertificateStore.
* @return 'true' when this CertificateStore contains the specified Certificate, 'false' otherwise.
*/
public boolean contains(Certificate certificate) throws KeyStoreException;
/**
* Verifies the supplied Certificate against the certificates in this store (optional operation).
*
* @param certificate The Certificate to verify.
* @return 'true' when the Certificate could successfully be verified, 'false' otherwise.
*/
public boolean verify(Certificate certificate) throws KeyStoreException;
/**
* Returns an Iterator that iterates over all Certificates in this store.
*
* @return An Iterator returning Certificate instances.
*/
public Iterator iterator() throws KeyStoreException;
}
| 28,072 |
https://github.com/lenisko/ReactMap/blob/master/src/assets/mui/styling.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | ReactMap | lenisko | JavaScript | Code | 129 | 480 | import { makeStyles } from '@material-ui/styles'
import theme from './theme'
export default makeStyles({
gridItem: {
height: 75,
width: 'auto',
backgroundPosition: 'center',
backgroundRepeat: 'no-repeat',
backgroundSize: 'contain',
},
formControl: {
width: 125,
color: 'white',
},
formLabel: {
color: 'white',
},
filterHeader: {
color: '#fff',
backgroundColor: theme.palette.secondary.main,
},
filterFooter: {
backgroundColor: theme.palette.grey.dark,
textAlign: 'center',
},
slider: {
width: 200,
},
successButton: {
color: theme.palette.success.main,
},
form: {
display: 'flex',
flexDirection: 'column',
margin: 'auto',
width: 'fit-content',
},
formControlSettings: {
marginTop: theme.spacing(2),
minWidth: 120,
},
formControlLabel: {
marginTop: theme.spacing(1),
},
list: {
width: 'auto',
zIndex: 9998,
color: '#FFFFFF',
backgroundColor: 'rgb(51,51,51)',
},
drawer: {
background: 'rgb(51,51,51)',
},
heading: {
fontSize: theme.typography.pxToRem(15),
flexBasis: '33.33%',
flexShrink: 0,
},
floatingBtn: {
'& > *': {
margin: theme.spacing(1),
position: 'sticky',
top: 0,
left: 5,
zIndex: 9998,
},
},
})
| 27,126 |
https://github.com/ibmdb/ruby-ibmdb/blob/master/IBM_DB_Driver/tests/test_032_ResultIndexName.rb | Github Open Source | Open Source | Unlicense | 2,022 | ruby-ibmdb | ibmdb | Ruby | Code | 158 | 600 | #
# Licensed Materials - Property of IBM
#
# (c) Copyright IBM Corp. 2007,2008,2009
#
class TestIbmDb < Test::Unit::TestCase
def test_032_ResultIndexName
assert_expect do
conn = IBM_DB.connect("DATABASE=#{database};HOSTNAME=#{hostname};PORT=#{port};UID=#{user};PWD=#{password}",'','')
server = IBM_DB::server_info( conn )
if conn
stmt = IBM_DB::exec conn, "SELECT id, breed, name, weight FROM animals WHERE id = 6"
while (IBM_DB::fetch_row(stmt) == true)
if (server.DBMS_NAME[0,3] == 'IDS')
id = IBM_DB::result stmt, "id"
breed = IBM_DB::result stmt, "breed"
name = IBM_DB::result stmt, "name"
weight = IBM_DB::result stmt, "weight"
else
id = IBM_DB::result stmt, "ID"
breed = IBM_DB::result stmt, "BREED"
name = IBM_DB::result stmt, "NAME"
weight = IBM_DB::result stmt, "WEIGHT"
end
puts "int(#{id})"
puts "string(#{breed.length}) #{breed.inspect}"
puts "string(#{name.length}) #{name.inspect}"
puts "string(#{weight.length}) #{weight.inspect}"
end
IBM_DB::close conn
else
puts "Connection failed."
end
end
end
end
__END__
__LUW_EXPECTED__
int(6)
string(5) "llama"
string(16) "Sweater "
string(6) "150.00"
__ZOS_EXPECTED__
int(6)
string(5) "llama"
string(16) "Sweater "
string(6) "150.00"
__SYSTEMI_EXPECTED__
int(6)
string(5) "llama"
string(16) "Sweater "
string(6) "150.00"
__IDS_EXPECTED__
int(6)
string(5) "llama"
string(16) "Sweater "
string(6) "150.00"
| 1,036 |
bpt6k61257622_1 | French-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | Bibliographie nationale française. Livres : notices établies par la Bibliothèque nationale à partir des documents déposés auprès du Service du dépôt légal : bibliographie créée par décret impérial du 14 octobre 1811 | None | French | Spoken | 7,966 | 17,246 | BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE n°2 -20 janvier 1993 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ETABLIE PAR LA BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE 182e année notices 93-1155 à 93-2424 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE Bibliographie créée par décret impérial du 14 octobre 1811 Rappel de la législation sur le dépôt légal : Aux termes de la loi du 21 juin 1943, complétée par le décret du 21 novembre 1960, le dépôt légal doit être effectué : par les éditeurs, auprès de la Régie (ministère de l'Intérieur et Bibliothèque Nationale), au plus tard 48 heures avant la mise en vente ou en distribution (pour les dépôts directs! et 3 jours avant la mise en vente ou en distribution (pour les dépôts par voie postale) pour les livres ; immédiatement avant la mise en vente ou en distribution pour les périodiques ; dans les 3 mois à partir de la mise en vente ou en distribution pour les partitions musicales ; ? par les imprimeurs, dès l'achèvement du tirage pour les livres et les périodiques, auprès de la Bibliothèque Nationale pour la région de Paris, auprès des bibliothèques désignées par l'arrêté ou 3 juillet 1973 pour les autres régions. Renseignements : Régie du Dépôt légal, Bibliothèque Nationale, 2, rue Vivienne, 75084 Paris cedex 02. Tél. : (1) 47.03.85.19, (1) 47.03.85.16, (1)47.03.85.10. © Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, 1993. BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE n° 2 -20 janvier 1993 LIVRES BIBLIOGRAPHIE ETABLIE PAR LA BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE À PARTIR DES DOCUMENTS DÉPOSÉS AU TITRE DU DÉPÔT LÉGAL BIBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALE notices 93-1155 à 93-2424 PERIODICITE ET ABONNEMENTS Livres : tous les 15 jours ; avec 3 index trimestriels cumulatifs sur microfiche et un index annuel broché. Publications en série : tous les mois ; avec un index annuel broché. Publications officielles : tous les 2 mois ; avec un index annuel broché. Musique : trois fois par an. Atlas, cartes et plans : une fois par an. Tarifs d'abonnement 1993 ( Prix en francs français) FRANCE ÉTRANGER CANADA Surtaxe avion cargo avion (en sus) Abonnement complet 3 260 3 690 4 470 1 370 Livres 2 410 2 670 3 290 1080 Publications en série 1220 1380 1670 610 Publications officielles 880 990 1 200 334 Musique 510 580 680 194 Atlas, cartes et plans 210 247 283 57 Tarifs réduits Abonnements groupés * : Le service de 5 abonnements identiques fournis à une même adresse sera facturé au prix de 4. Le service de 3 abonnements différents fournis à une même adresse sera facturé au prix de 2, l'abonnement de moindre prix étant gratuit.. * Regroupeurs exceptés. MÉREAU 27 rue de Rome 75008 Paris Tél. (1) 42.94.25.32 Fax (1) 42.94.29.41 DARIUS MILHAUD Francine BLOCH, préface de Jean ROY Collection "Phonographies" 3 L'ouvrage recense les oeuvres enregistrées de Darius Milhaud, enregistrements sonores du monde entier commercialisés (disques 78 t., microsillons, cassettes, disques compacts) et grand nombre d'émissions d'émissions radio de divers pays, principalement recensés d'après les collections du département de la Phonothèque et de l'Audiovisuel de la Bibliothèque Nationale (ancienne Phonothèque Nationale), de la Discothèque centrale de Radio France, de la Phonothèque de l'INA, de la RAI, de la radio belge, de la BBC..., et dans tous les catalogues, les périodiques, les discographies consacrées à Darius Milhaud, avec une liste des enregistrements des oeuvres dirigées par Darius Milhaud lui-même. 232 p., 18,8 x 25,5 cm Bibliothèque Nationale, 1992 ISBN 2-7177-1841-9 320 F DÉJÀ PARUS Gabriel FAURÉ, 1900-1977 par Jean-Michel NECTOUX Coll. "Phonographie" 1, 1979 ISBN 2-7177-1467-7 130 F Francis POULENC, 1928-1982 par Francine BLOCH Coll. "Phonographie" 2, 1984 ISBN 2-7177-1677-7 2S0 F Grand Prix de l'Académie Charles Cros En vente à la Bibliothèque Nationale Librairie Colbert 6, rue des Petits-Champs 75002 PARIS Tél. : (1)47 03 85 71 Par correspondance : Service de vente 2, rue Vivienne 75084 PARIS Cedex 02 Tél. : (1)47 03 88 98 Fax: (1)42 96 84 47 BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE THEORIE, METHODOLOGIE ET RECHERCHE EN BIBLIOLOGIE Bibliothèque Nationale 1991, 17 x 24 cm, 236 p. ISBN 2-71 77-1 830-3 ISSN 1 142-301 3 280 F BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE Huitième colloque international de bibliologie organisé en septembre 1989 par la Bibliothèque Nationale et l'Association internationale de bibliologie Le point sur la conception de la bibliologie dans les divers pays ; échange de vues sur la bibliométrie et l'application de la systémique à l'étude de l'écrit ; coordination des travaux du programme international de recherche en bibliologie. k. En vente à la Bibliothèque Nationale Librairie Colbert 6, rue des Petits-Champs 75002 PARIS Tél. : (1) 47 03 85 71 Par correspondance : Service commercial 2, rue Vivienne 75084 PARIS Cedex 02 Tél. : (1) 47 03 88 98 Fax : (1) 42 96 84 47 20 janvier 1993 n°2 Bibliographie nationale française notices 93-1155-93-2424 Livres CADRE DE CLASSEMENT Le cadre de classement est fondé sur les grandes divisions de la C.D.U. 0. GENERALITES Écritures. Bibliographies. Catalogues. Bibliothèques. Encyclopédies générales. Collectivités. Musées. Presse. Documentation pour enfants. Manuscrits. Bibliophilie. 1. PHILOSOPHIE. PSYCHOLOGIE Sciences occultes. 2. RELIGION. THEOLOGIE 3. SCIENCES SOCIALES 30. Sociologie. 31. Statistique. Démographie. 32. Politique. 33. Économie politique. Travail. Syndicats. Finances. Douanes. 34. Droit. 35/354. Administration publique. 355/359. Art et science militaires. 36. Prévoyance et assistance sociale. Hôpjtaux. Assurances. 37. Éducation. Enseignement. Loisirs. 38. Commerce. Tourisme. Communications. 39. Ethnographie. Moeurs et coutumes. Folklore. Condition de la femme. 5. SCIENCES PURES 50. Sciences en général. Histoire des sciences. Protection de la nature. 51. Mathématiques. 52. Astronomie. 53. Physique. 54. Chimie. Minéralogie. 55. Sciences géologiques et géophysiques. Météorologie. 56. Paléontologie. Fossiles. 57. Biologie. Préhistoire. Anthropologie. Hérédité. Écologie. 58. Botanique. 59. Zoologie. 6. SCIENCES APPLIQUEES 61. Médecine. Hygiène. Sécurité. Pharmacologie. 62. Art de l'ingénieur. Technique. 63. Agriculture. Sylviculture. Élevage. Chasse. Pêche. Laiterie. Boucherie. 64. Économie domestique. Hôtellerie. 65. Gestion et organisation de l'industrie, du commerce et des transports. Comptabilité. Publicité. Radiodiffusion. Télévision. Édition. Librairie. 66. Industries chimiques. Industries alimentaires. Métallurgie. 67/68. Industries et métiers divers. 69. Bâtiment. Matériaux. 7. ART. ARCHITECTURE. PHOTOGRAPHIE. JEUX. SPORTS 70. Généralités. 71. Urbanisme. Aménagement du territoire. 72. Architecture. 73. Sculpture. Numismatique. Céramique. Art du métal. 74. Dessin. Métiers d'art. 75. Peinture. 76. Gravure. 77. Photographie. 78. Musique. 791/792. Spectacles. Cinéma. Télévision. Théâtre. 793/799. Divertissements. Jeux. Sports. 8. LINGUISTIQUE. PHILOLOGIE. LITTÉRATURE 80. Linguistique. Philologie. 82-0. Histoire et critique littéraire. 82-1. Poésie. 82-2. Théâtre. 82-3. Romans, Nouvelles. Récits. Contes. Livres pour enfants. Bandes dessinées. 82-4. Essais. Varia. Discours. Humour. 9. GÉOGRAPHIE. HISTOIRE 91. Géographie. Voyages. 92. Biographies. Mémoires. Généalogie. Héraldique. 93/99. Histoire. Archivistique. Archéologie. Épigraphie. Paléographie. LIVRES 167 Les indications en caractères gras qui figurent à droite, en fin de ligne, représentent le numéro de la notice dans la base BN-OPALE. L'astérisque au début d'une notice désigne une publication officielle française. Le signe LU indique un ouvrage pour la jeunesse. Le signe E indique un livre scolaire. O. GÉNÉRALITÉS 93-1155. *ACADÉMIE DES BEAUX-ARTS (Paris) Statuts et index biographique / Académie des beaux-arts. Paris : Palais de l'Institut, 1991. 170 p. : ill. ; 18 cm. DL 92-08718. (Br.). Académie des beaux-arts (France)--Statuts Académie des beaux-arts (France)-Biographies-Dictionnaires BN 1390550 93-1156. *ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE Recueil des discours lus dans les séances solennelles ou prononcés dans les occasions particulières : 1989 / [Institut de France, Académie française]. Paris : Palais de l'Institut, 1991 (Paris : Impr. nationale). 355 p.; 28 cm. DL 91-30860. (Rel.). Académie française BN 1346267 93-1157. *ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE Recueil des discours lus dans les séances solennelles ou prononcés dans les occasions particulières : 1990 / [Académie française]. Paris : Palais de l'Institut, 1991 (Paris : Impr. nationale). 242 p. ; 28 cm. DL 91-30861. -(Rel.). Académie française BN 1346271 93-1158. *ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE Séance publique annuelle, jeudi 5 décembre 1991... / Académie française. Paris : Palais de l'Institut, 1991 (Paris : Impr. nationale). 11 p. : couv. ill. ; 28 cm. Titre de couv. : "Palmarès, année 1991". DL 92-02720. (Br.). Académie française-Prix et récompenses BN 1374674 93-1159. *AGENCE RÉGIONALE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT TOURISTIQUE (Martinique, Région). Service Documentation Fonds documentaire touristique : catalogue 1991-1992... / ARDTM, Agence régionale de développement touristique de la Martinique, Service Documentation. Schoelcher : ARDTM, [ca 1991], 125 p. ; 32 cm. DL 92-16263. (Br. sous pochette). Tourisme-Index Agence régionale de développement touristique (Martinique, Région). Service Documentation-Catalogues BN 1426848 93-1160. ASSOCIATION DES DIRECTEURS DE BIBLIOTHÈQUES CENTRALES DE PRÊT (France) Bibliothèques centrales de prêt : l'évaluation du service rendu / Association des directeurs de bibliothèques centrales de prêt. Bourg-en-Bresse (BCP de l'Ain) : ADBCP, 1991. -82 f. ; 30 cm. Bibliogr. f. 81-82. DL 92-12390. ISBN 2-9503364-3-4 (br.). Bibliothèques centrales de prêt-France-Évaluation BN 1426973 93-1161. ASSOCIATION FRANÇAISE DES DOCUMENTALISTES ET DES BIBLIOTHÉCAIRES SPÉCIALISÉS. Groupe Qualité des banques de données La démarche qualité : application aux services électroniques d'information / ADBS, Groupe Qualité des banques de données. Paris (25 rue Claude-Tillier, 75012) : ADBS éd., 1992. 100 p. : couv. ill. ; 30 cm. (Collection Sciences de l'information. Série recherches et documents). ADBS = Association française des documentalistes et des bibliothécaires spécialisés. Bibliogr. p. 91-94. DL 92-21295. ISBN 2-901046-47-9 (br.) : 130 F. Banques de données-Qualité-Contrôle BN 1442988 168 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE 93-1162. Baretje, René Ecotourisme et tourisme d'aventure : essai bibliographique. Tome 1 / R. Baretje, B. Crespo. Aix-en-Provence : Centre des hautes études touristiques, 1992. 62 f. : couv. ill. ; 21 cm. -(Essai / Centre des hautes études touristiques, ISSN 0395-8086; 510). DL 92-19618. (Br.) : 50 F. Tourisme-Aspect de l'environnement-Bibliographie Tourisme rural-Bibliographie BN 1437321 93-1163. *BIBLIOTHÈQUE CENTRALE DE PRÊT (Guadeloupe) Catalogue des ouvrages du fonds caraïbe / Conseil général de la Guadeloupe, Bibliothèque centrale de prêt. Basse-Terre : BCP de la Guadeloupe, 1991. 144 p. : ill., couv. ill. ; 30 cm. Index. DL 92-19234. (Br.). Bibliothèque départementale (Guadeloupe)--Catalogues Région caraïbe-Bibliographie-Catalogues BN 1436513 93-1164. "-BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE (France). Centre de coordination bibliographique et technique Guide d'indexation RAMEAU / Bibliothèque nationale, Centre de coordination bibliograhique et technique ; Ministère de l'éducation nationale, Cellule nationale de coordination de l'indexation-matière. [Éd.] 1992. Paris : CNCIM, 1992 (37-La Riche : Impr. Instaprint). 327 p.; 21 cm. Titre de couv. : "RAMEAU, Répertoire d'autorité-matière encyclopédique et alphabétique unifié : guide d'indexation". DL 92-12131. (Br.). RAMEAU (système d'indexation)~Guides, manuels, etc. Indexation (documentation) Fichiers d'autorité (catalogage) Vedettes-matière françaises BN 1426948 93-1165. *BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE (France). Département de la Phonothèque nationale et de l'audiovisuel Darius Milhaud : 1892-1974 / Bibliothèque nationale, Département de la phonothèque nationale et de l'audiovisuel ; [réd.] par Francine Bloch. Paris : Bibliothèque nationale, 1992 (80-Abbeville : Impr. F. Paillart). 281 p.-[16] p. de pl.; 26 cm + addenda. (Phonographies ; 3). Index. DL 92-21734. (Rel.) : 250 F. Milhaud, Darius ( 1892-1974)-Discographie BN 1444089 93-1166. *BIBLIOTHÈQUE NATIONALE (France). Département des manuscrits Catalogue des manuscrits chinois de Touen-Houang : fonds Pelliot chinois de la Bibliothèque nationale. Volume IV, Nos 3501-4000 / [réd. sous la dir. de Michel Soymié ; publ. de l'Équipe de recherche sur les manuscrits de Dunhouang, École pratique des hautes études]. Paris : École française d'Extrême-Orient, 1991 (Impr. en Belgique). XX-558 p. ; 25 cm. -(Publications hors série de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient). Index. DL 92-22970. ISBN 2-85539-548-8 (br.) : 300 F. Bibliothèque nationale (France). Département des manuscrits-Fonds Pelliot Manuscrits chinois-Chine-Dunhuang (Chine)-Catalogues Manuscrits de Dunhuang-Catalogues BN 1445039 93-1167. Le catalogage : méthode et pratiques. II, Multimédias / par Marie-Renée Cazabon, Pierre-Yves Duchemin, Isabelle Dussert-Carbonne et Françoise Moreau ; sous la dir. de Isabelle Dussert-Carbone. Paris : Éd. du Cercle de la librairie, 1992 (Paris : Impr. Jouve). 607 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. -(Collection Bibliothèques, ISSN 0184-0886). Bibliogr. p. 605-606. DL 92-10166. ISBN 2-7654-0493-3 (br.) : 295 F. Catalogage-Enregistrements sonores-Guides, manuels, etc. Catalogage-Cartes-Guides, manuels, etc. Catalogage-Musique-Guides, manuels, etc. Catalogage-Films-Guides, manuels, etc. BN 1416670 93-1168. Clair, Jean Élevages de poussière ; Beaubourg vingt ans après / Jean Clair. Caen : l'Échoppe, 1992 (16-Tusson : Impr. J.-P. Louis). 54 p.; 19 cm. Réunit 2 articles publ. en 1975 et 1985 sous les titres "Du musée comme élevage de poussière" et "Beaubourg et le monde renversé". DL 92-27458. ISBN 2-905657-98-7 (br.) : 54 F. Centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidou (Paris) BN 1458851 LIVRES 169 93-1169. *La communication dans l'espace régional et local : actes du colloque, Talence, 23-24 mars 1990... / [organisé par le] Centre d'étude et de recherche sur la vie locale ; Centre d'étude des médias ; sous la dir. de Albert Mabileau et André-Jean Tudesq. Talence : CERVL, 1992 (33-Bordeaux : Impr. OCGE). 196 p. : graphes ; 24 cm. (Les cahiers du CERVL. Série Actes de colloques; 3). Notes bibliogr. DL 92-09346. ISBN 2-909438-02-3 (br.) : 120 F. Politique de la communication-France-Congrès Médias-Aspect social-Congrès Information locale-France-Congrès BN 1393155 93-1170. CONGRÈS NATIONAL DES SCIENCES DE L'INFORMATION (08; 1992; Lille) Les nouveaux espaces de l'information et de la communication / 8ème Congrès national des sciences de l'information et de la communication, Lille, 21-22-23 mai 1992. [Villeneuve-d'Ascq] (BP 149, 59653 Cedex) : CREDO, 1992 (59-Villeneuve-d'Ascq : Impr. de l'Université Lille III). 462 p. ; 24 cm. CREDO = Centre de recherche sur la documentation et l'information scientifique et technique. Notes bibliogr. Index. DL 92-15548. ISBN 2-906881-15-5 (br.). Communication-Innovations-Congrès Diffusion sélective de l'information-Congrès Médias-Aspect social-Congrès Télécommunications-Aspect social-Congrès BN 1433608 93-1171. Cultures, un regard sur des cultures autres : bibliographie sélective / co-produite par l'ASERC-Ruée vers le livre ; la librairie associative Le texte libre ; le CDDP de Charente. Cognac (Maison du temps libre, 107 rue Robert-Daugas, 16100) : ASERC-Ruée vers le livre, 1992 (16-Cognac : Impr. Le Temps qu'il fait). 70 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. ASERC = Association socio-éducative de la région de Cognac. Publ. à l'occasion de la cinquième Ruée vers le livre, Cognac, 18-28 mai 1992. Index. DL 92-11463. (Br.) : 30 F. Minorités-Bibliographie critique BN 1409708 93-1172. *Druon, Maurice Discours prononcé par M. Maurice Druon,... : séance publique annuelle le jeudi 5 décembre 1991, Académie française. Paris : Palais de l'Institut, 1991. 30 p.; 28 cm. (Institut, ISSN 0768-2050; 1991, 18). DL 92-11315. (Br.). Académie française BN 1408808 93-1173. *Expédition thésaurus. Orléans : CRDP, 1992. Foliotation multiple : ill., couv. ill. ; 30 cm. DL 92-20092. (Br.). Thésaurus-Guides, manuels, etc. BN 1439424 93-1174. [Exposition. Reims. 1991] Fastes de l'écrit : patrimoine des archives et bibliothèques de Champagne-Ardenne : [exposition, 15 juin-15 septembre 1991, Palais du Tau, Reims / [réalisée par l'Association Interbibly]. [Troyes] (7 Pl. Audiffred, 10000) : Interbibly, [1991] (51-Reims : Impr. Matot-Braine). 230 p. : ill. en noir et en coul. ; 24 x 25 cm + addendum. 1991 d'après la déclaration de dépôt légal. Index. Glossaire. DL 92-03529. (Br.) : 250 F. Livres rares-France-Expositions Manuscrits à peintures-France-Expositions Reliure-Décoration-Expositions Fonds documentaires-France-Champagne-Ardenne (France)--Expositions BN 1371310 93-1175. Foureur, Martine Problèmes de santé et recours social des personnes en situation de pauvreté, précarité : bibliographie annotée : supplément / Martine Foureur, Virginie Halley des Fontaines. [Paris] : Faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de médecine préventive et sociale, 1991. 50 f. ; 30 cm. (Collection de Saint-Antoine; 1 bis). DL 92-19348. (Rel. mobile). Handicapés sociaux-Santé et hygiène-Bibliographie Handicapés sociaux-Soins médicaux-Bibliographie Pauvres-Santé et hygiène-Bibliographie Pauvres-Soins médicaux-Bibliographie BN 1436703 170 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE 93-1176. *FRANCE. Direction de la programmation et du développement universitaire Inventaire des thèses de doctorat soutenues devant les universités françaises. 1988, Droit, sciences économiques, sciences de gestion, lettres, sciences humaines, théologies / Ministère de l'éducation nationale, Direction de la programmation et du développement universitaire. Nanterre : Fichier national des thèses, Université de Paris X; Paris : Centre national du Catalogue collectif national, 1991 (Paris : Impr. Jouve, 1992). XVI-297 p.; 25 cm + plan de classement. -. Index. DL 92-27971. ISBN 2-11-086109-6 (br.) : 270 F. Thèses et écrits académiques-France-Bibliographie BN 1411807 93-1177. *FRANCE. Direction du livre et de la lecture Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques de France. Tome LXV, Suppléments Amiens, Caen / Ministère de la culture, de la communication et des grands travaux, Direction du livre et de la lecture. Paris : Direction du livre et de la lecture, 1990 (91-Villebon-sur-Yvette : Impr. Moselle Vieillemard). 268-X p. : couv. ill, ; 25 cm. -. Index. DL 92-10581. ISBN 2-11-086856-2 (br.). Bibliothèque municipale (Amiens)--Catalogues Bibliothèque municipale (Caen)-Catalogues Manuscrits-Catalogues collectifs Catalogues collectifs-France BN 1381458 93-1178. Gibert, Isabelle Ouverture à l'Est, les clés de la santé : bibliographie annotée / Isabelle Gibert, Cédric Grouchka, Virginie Halley des Fontaines. Paris : Faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de médecine préventive et sociale, 1990. 91 f. ; 30 cm. (Collection de Saint-Antoine; 5). DL 92-19344. (Rel. mobile). Médecine-Europe de l'Est-Bibliographie Politique sanitaire-Europe de l'Est-Bibliographie BN 1436737 93-1179. *Giroux, Charles Manuel d'édition agronomique / Charles Giroux,... Michelle Jeanguyot,... Christiane Tricoit,... Paris : Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement ; Patancheru (Inde) : International crops research institute for the semi-arid tropics, cop. 1991 (31-Toulouse : Impr. Paragraphic). 145 p. : couv. ill. ; 21 cm. DL 92-13320. ISBN 2-87614-046-2 (br.) : 65 F. Agriculture-Édition-France-Guides, manuels, etc. BN 1416520 93-1180. Godart, Louis (1945-....) Le pouvoir de l'écrit : au pays des premières écritures / Louis Godart. Paris : Éd. Errance, 1990 (61-La Chapelle-Montligeon : Impr. de Montligeon). 239 p. : ill, couv. ill. en coul. ; 25 cm. (Collection des Néréides, ISSN 1147-4904). Bibliogr. p. 235-237. Index. DL 92-11815. ISBN 2-87772-039-X (rel.) : 248 F. Écriture-Méditerranée (région ; est)~Histoire-Antiquité BN 1421517 93-1181. *Grailles, Bénédicte Petit guide du lecteur / par Bénédicte Grailles,... Dainville : Archives départementales du Pas-de-Calais, 1991 (62-Arras : Impr. centrale de l'Artois, 1992). 110 p. : ill. en noir et en coul., couv. ill. en coul. ; 30 cm. DL 92-04089. ISBN 2-86062-009-5 (br.) : 140 F. Pas-de-Calais. Archives départementales-Guides, manuels, etc. BN 1378466 93-1182. Hamel, Annick Les systèmes de santé au Moyen-Orient : unité géographique, unité des pratiques : bibliographie annotée / Annick Hamel, Virginie Halley des Fontaines. Paris : Faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de médecine préventive et sociale, 1990. 76 f. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Collection de Saint-Antoine; 3). DL 92-19346. (Rel. mobile). Santé, Services de-Moyen-Orient-Bibliographie BN 1436712 LIVRES 171 93-1183. Hausfater, Dominique La médiathèque musicale publique : évolution d'un concept et perspectives d'avenir / Dominique Hausfater. Paris (2 rue Louvois, 75002) : AIBM, Groupe français, 1991 (Paris : Impr. Graphics group). VI-92 p. ; 24 cm. AIBM = Association internationale des bibliothèques, archives et centres de documentation musicaux. Mémoire de DESS, Université de Grenoble et École nationale supérieure de bibliothécaires. Bibliogr. p. 79-92. Résumé en français et en anglais. DL 92-10631. ISBN 2-909327-00-0 (br.) : 95 F. Musique-Bibliothèques-France Bibliothéconomie musicale-France BN 1388176 93-1184. Hiesse, Isabelle Les jeunes et leur santé : bibliographie annotée / Isabelle Hiesse, Virginie Halley des Fontaines. Paris : Faculté de médecine Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de médecine préventive et sociale, 1990. 110 f. ; 30 cm. (Collection de Saint-Antoine; 4). DL 92-19345. (Rel. mobile). Adolescents-Soins médicaux-Bibliographie Adolescents-Santé et hygiène-Bibliographie BN 1436733 93-1185. H Huc, Marie-Claude Le progrès / Marie-Claude Huc ; ill. Frédérique Strintz ; interview exclusive, Joël de Rosnay. Paris : Éd. Ouvrières jeunesse, 1992 (14-Condé-sur-Noireau : Impr. Corlet). 103 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 23 cm. (Les idées en revue, ISSN 1159-3741). Bibliogr. p. 96. Filmogr. p. 97. DL 92-16128. ISBN 2-7082-2946-X (br.) : 65 F. Progrès-Ouvrages pour la jeunesse BN 1426487 93-1186. Maurice, Nathalie Gestion terminologique informatisée : évaluation des logiciels MC4, Aquila, Foxbase+ / Nathalie Maurice. Paris (25 rue Claude-Tillier, 75012) : ADBS éd., 1991. 100 f. : couv. ill. ; 30 cm. (Collection Sciences de l'information. Série Recherches et documents). ADBS = Association française des documentalistes et bibliothécaires spécialisés. Mémoire de DESS, Information et documentation, Institut d'études politiques de Paris. Bibliogr. f. 98. DL 92-05316. ISBN 2-901046-40-1 (br.) : 140 F. Logiciels-Évaluation Terminologie (science)--Informatique BN 1381360 93-1187. *Murat, Pierre (1924-....) Après Dachau : recueil des allocutions de Pierre Murat. [Nevers] : Centre départemental de documentation pédagogique, [1992]. 84 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 30 cm. 1992 d'après la déclaration de dépôt légal. DL 92-14455. ISBN 2-86621-163-4 (br.) : 60 F. Rites et cérémonies commémoratifs-France-Nièvre (France)-Histoire-1970-.... Guerre mondiale (1939-1945)-Déportés français BN 1422988 93-1188. *Presse et enseignement : catalogue collectif des documents disponibles dans le réseau CNDP de l'académie d'Amiens : CRDP de Picardie, Amiens ; CDDP de l'Aisne, Laon ; CDDP de l'Oise, Beauvais / [Michel Vidal, Monique Carpentier, Danièle Briquet, Michèle Cuelhes]. Amiens : Centre régional de documentation pédagogique de Picardie, 1992. 33 p. ; 30 cm. (Bibliographies). DL 92-13639. ISBN 2-86615-093-7 (br.) : 20 F. Journaux en éducation-France-Picardie (France)-Bibliographie Catalogues collectifs-France-Picardie (France) BN 1420512 93-1189. *Recherche et histoire des textes : filmothèques, photothèques et techniques nouvelles : images des textes, les techniques de reproduction des documents médiévaux au service de la recherche : colloque international... Paris, Orléans, 23-25 novembre 1987 / [organisé par le] Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes ; actes réunis par G. Contamine, A.-F. LabieLeurquin et M. Peyrafort-Huin. Paris : le Léopard d'or, 1992 (85-Le Poiré-sur-Vie : Impr. graphique de l'Ouest). 250 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 24 cm. Colloque organisé à l'occasion du cinquantenaire de l'Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes. DL 92-10669. ISBN 2-86377-107-8 (br.) : 230 F. Cinémathèques-Innovations-Congrès Photothèques-Innovations-Congrès Documentation audiovisuelle-Innovations-Congrès BN 1393734 172 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE 93-1190. *Red sea, gulf of Aden and Suez Canal : a bibliography on océanographie and marine environmental research= Al Bahr al-Ahmar wa Halîg 'Adam wa Qanât alsuways: bibliyùgràfiyâ 'an abhàt 'ulùm al-muhitât wa al-bî'.ah al-bahriyah / éd. by Selim A. Morcos and Allen Varley ; compil. by A. A. Banaja, A. I. Beltagy ; with scientific contributions by M. Kh. El-Sayed, R. W. Girdler, S. A. Morcos... [et al.]. Paris : Unesco; Jeddah : ALECSO-PERSGA, 1990 (Impr. en Belgique). XXXIII-198-[49] p.-l carte dépl. en coul. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 24 cm. ALECSO-PERSGA = Arab league educational, cultural and scientific organization-Programme on the environment of the Red sea and gulf of Aden. Index. DL 92-19396. ISBN 92-3-002706-5 (br.). Océanographie-Mer Rouge-Bibliographie Écologie marine-Mer Rouge-Bibliographie BN 1437043 93-1191. Renouard, Michel Dictionnaire de Bretagne / Michel Renouard, Joëlle Méar, Nathalie Merrien. Rennes : Éd. "Ouest-France", 1992 (37-Tours : Impr. Marne). 335 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. Bibliogr. p. 334-335. DL 92-15007. ISBN 2-7373-0825-9 (rel.) : 85 F. Bretagne (France)-Dictionnaires BN 1405739 93-1192. Suder, Wieslaw Géras : old age in greco-roman antiquity : a classified bibliography / by Wiestaw Suder. Wroctaw (Pologne) : Profil; [Paris] : [diff. De Boccard, 1991 (Impr. en Pologne). 169 p. : couv. ill. ; 21 cm. Index. DL 92-26785. ISBN 83-900102-2-4 (br.) : 225 F. Vieillesse-Rome-Histoire-Antiquité-Bibliographie Vieillesse-Grèce-Histoire-Antiquité-Bibliographie BN 1457076 93-1193. Sutter, Eric Services d'information et qualité : comment satisfaire les utilisateurs / Éric Sutter. Paris (25 rue Claude-Tillier, 75012) : ADBS éd., 1992 (61-La Ferté-Macé : Impr. Compédit-Beaureard). 153 p. : couv. ill. ; 24 cm. (Collection Sciences de l'information. Série Etudes et techniques). Bibliogr. p. 143-146. Vidéogr. p. 147. Lexique. DL 92-20755. ISBN 2-901046-44-4 (br.) : 220 F. Documentation, Services de-Évaluation BN 1441463 93-1194. Thanikaimoni, Ganapathi Cinquième index bibliographique sur la morphologie des pollens d'angiospermes= Fifth bibliography index to the pollen morphology of angiosperms / G. Thanikaimoni. Pondichéry : Institut français de Pondichéry; [Paris] : [diff. J. Maisonneuve], 1986 (Impr. en Inde). 293 p. ; 25 cm. (Travaux de la Section scientifique et technique, Institut français de Pondichéry, ISSN 0073-8336; 22). Bibliogr. p. 241-293. DL 91-20537. (Br.). Angiospermes-Index Pollen-Morphologie-Index BN 1328142 93-1195. Tissot, Colette Sixième index bibliographique sur la morphologie des pollens d'angiospermes= Sixth bibliographie index to the pollen morphology of angiosperms / C. Tissot . Pondichéry : Institut français de Pondichéry ; [Paris] : [diff. J. Maisonneuve], 1990 (Impr. en Inde). 304 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 25 cm. (Travaux de la Section scientifique et technique, Institut français de Pondichéry, ISSN 0073-8336; 27). Bibliogr. p. 261-304. DL 91-20538. (Br.). Angiospermes-Index Pollen-Morphologie-Index BN 1328146 93-1196. *UNITÉ DE FORMATION ET DE RECHERCHE EN SCIENCES SOCIALES (Montpellier) Liste des publications : 1987-1991 / Institut national de la recherche agronomique, École nationale supérieure agronomique, Unité de formation et de recherche en sciences sociales. Montpellier : Économie et sociologie rurales, 1992. 215 p. : couv. ill. ; 21 cm. (Série Notes et documents, ISSN 0224-5248; h.s.). Index. DL 92-17955. ISBN 2-7380-0419-9 (br.). Agriculture-Aspect économique-Bibliographie-Catalogues Sociologie rurale-Bibliographie-Catalogues Unité de formation et de recherche en sciences sociales (Montpellier). Service de documentation-Catalogues BN 1432817 LIVRES 173 93-1197. Visset, Alain Guide de l'auteur-éditeur / Alain Visset. Dinard (20 rue Winston-Churchill, 35800) : Danclau, 1992 (35-Dinard : Impr. Les Mouettes). 43 p. : couv. ill. ; 27 cm. La couv. porte en plus : "Comment écrire, éditer et diffuser un livre". Bibliogr. p. 43. Lexique. DL 92-15806. ISBN 2-907019-15-5 (br.) : 60 F. Édition à compte d'auteur-Guides, manuels, etc. BN 1433563 1. PHILOSOPHIE 93-1198. Adler, Alfred (1870-1937) L'enfant difficile : technique de la psychologie individuelle comparée / Alfred Adler ; trad. de l'allemand et préf. par Herbert Schaffer. Paris : Payot, 1992 (18-Saint Amand-Montrond : Impr. SÈPC). 211 p. : couv. ill. ; 19 cm. (Petite bibliothèque Fayot; 122). Trad. de : "Die Seele des schwererziehbaren Schulkindes". DL 92-34631. ISBN 2-228-88595-9 (br.) : 60 F. BN 1466461 93-1199. Ambroise (saint) Les devoirs. Tome II, Livres II-III / Saint-Ambroise ; texte établi, trad. et annoté par Maurice Testard,... Paris : les Belles lettres, 1992 (80-Abbeville : Impr. F. Paillart). 267 p., pagination double p. 10-147 ; 20 cm. -(Collection des universités de France, ISSN 0184-7155. série latine). Trad. de : "De officiis". Texte latin et trad. française en regard. DL 92-27212. ISBN 2-251-01362-8 (rel.) : 295 F. BN 1460047 93-1200. Aurigemma, Luigi Perspectives jungiennes / Luigi Aurigemma. Paris : A.Michel, 1992 (93-Livry-Gargan : Impr. Sagim). 280 p. ; 23 cm. (Sciences et symboles). Trad. de : "Prospettive junghane". DL 92-26486. ISBN 2-226-05751-X (br.) : 140 F. Jung, Cari Gustav (1875-1961) BN 1452078 93-1201. Bachelard, Gaston L'air et les songes : essai sur l'imagination du mouvement / Gaston Bachelard. Paris : Librairie générale française, 1992 (72-La-Flèche : Impr. Brodard et Taupin). 350 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 17 cm. (Le livre de poche. Biblio essais; 4161). Notes bibliogr.. Index. DL 92-28258. ISBN 2-253-06100-X (br.) : 46 F. BN 1460880 93-1202. Bertin, Georges Rites et sabbats en Normandie / Georges Bertin,... ; préf. de Michel-Vital Le Bossé,... Condé-sur-Noireau : C. Corlet, 1992 (14-Condé-sur-Noireau : Impr. Corlet). 94 p.-[20] p. de pl. en coul. : cartes, couv. ill. en coul. ; 24 cm. Bibliogr. p. 91-92. DL 92-28405. ISBN 2-85480-417-1 (br.) : 120 F. Sorcellerie-France-Passais (France) Croyances populaires-France-Passais (France) Rites et cérémonies-France-Passais (France) Passais (France)-Moeurs et coutumes BN 1461349 93-1203. Birks, Walter Trésors et secrets de Montségur / W. N. Birks, G. A. Gilbert. Genève; Paris; Montréal : Amarande; [Rueil-Malmaison] : [Quorum diff.], 1991 (53-Mayenne : Impr. Jouve). 157 p. : couv. ill. ; 22 cm. Trad. de : "The treasure of Montsegur". Bibliogr. p. 155-157. DL Impr. ISBN 2-88399-050-6 (br.). Catharisme Montségur (Ariège ; région)-Histoire religieuse Cathares-France-Languedoc (France)-Histoire BN 1371025 93-1204. Bousquet, Françoise (1954-....) Magnétisez votre enfant : une autre manière de communiquer / Françoise Bousquet. Flers : Equilibres aujourd'hui, 1992 (14-Condé-sur-Noireau : Impr. Corlet). 63 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. (L'enfant). DL 92-24710. ISBN 2-87724-063-0 (br.) : 48 F. Magnétisme animal Parents et enfants BN 1452087 174 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE 93-1205. *CENTRE RÉGIONAL DE DOCUMENTATION PÉDAGOGIQUE (Paris) Le temps / Centre régional de documentation pédagogique de Paris ; [sous la dir. de Jean-Yves Daniel]. Paris : CRDP, 1992 (Paris : Impr. du CNDP). 180 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 30 cm. (Interfaces, ISSN 1159-0068; 4). Bibliogr. p. 177-178. La couv. porte en plus : "sciences humaines et sociales". DL 92-27923. ISBN 2-86631-117-5 (erroné) (br.) : 80 F. Temps (philosophie) Perception du temps Cycles économiques BN 1460199 93-1206. Corman, Louis ABC des expressions du visage : le moyen de communication le plus sûr entre les hommes / Dr Louis Corman. Paris : France loisirs, 1992 (Impr. en Espagne). 168 p. : ill., couv. ill. ; 23 cm. DL 92-33891. ISBN 2-7242-6959-4 (rel.) : 66 F. Morphopsychologie Expression du visage BN 1471698 93-1207. Cotta, Jacques Dans le secret des sectes / Jacques Cotta, Pascal Martin. [Paris] : Flammarion, 1992 (27-Mesnil-sur-L'Estrée : Impr. Firmin Didot). 212 p. ; 22 cm. Bibliogr. p. 209. DL 92-29504. ISBN 2-08-066728-9 (br.) : 89 F. Sectes-France BN 1454657 93-1208. Dag Naud, Alain Les secrets du Mont Saint-Michel, pyramide des mers / Alain Dag'Naud... [Paris] : J.-P. Gisserot, 1992 (85-Luçon : Impr. Pollina). 32 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 26 cm. DL 92-23192. ISBN 2-87747-089-0 (erroné) (br.) : 26 F. Le Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche) Légendes-France-Le Mont-Saint-Michel (Manche) BN 1448796 93-1209. Delrieu, Didier Comment lui faire découvrir les animaux / Didier Delrieu. Paris : Nathan, 1991 (37-Tours : Impr. Marne). 158 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 19 cm. (Nathan Enfants magazine). Bibliogr. p. 153. DL 92-26760. ISBN 2-09-290711-5 (br.) : 79 F. Enfants et animaux BN 1457084 93-1210. Derrida, Jacques Points de suspension : entretiens / Jacques Derrida ; choisis et présentés par Elisabeth Weber. Paris : Galilée, 1992 (53-Mayenne : Impr. Floch). 419 p.; 24 cm. (Collection La Philosophie en effet). Bibliogr., 5 p. DL 92-30431. ISBN 2-7186-0410-7 (br.) : 195 F. Derrida, Jacques ( 1930-....)-Interviews BN 1466113 93-1211. Des Longchamps, Marie-Thérèse Traité des aspects en astrologie / Marie-Thérèse des Longchamps. Paris : F. Lanore, 1992 (27-Breteuil-sur-Iton : Impr. bretolienne). 109 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. DL 92-25766. ISBN 2-85157-090-0 (br.) : 75 F. Astrologie BN 1454253 93-1212. Diderot, Denis Diderot et la matière vivante / présentation et choix de textes par Jean-Paul Jouary. Paris : Messidor-Éd. sociales, 1992 (18-Saint-Amand : Impr. SEPC). 158 p. : couv. ill. ; 22 cm. (Sciences humaines. Philosophie). Bibliogr., 1 p. DL 92-18329. ISBN 2-209-06653-0 (br.) : 90 F. BN 1434283 93-1213. Dor, Joël Introduction à la lecture de Lacan. 2, La structure du sujet / Joël Dor. Paris : Denoël, 1992 (53-Mayenne : Impr. Floch). 293 p. : ill., couv. ill. ; 23 cm. -(L'espace analytique). Bibliogr. p. 273-280. Index. DL 92-30323. ISBN 2-207-23993-4 (br.) : 150 F. Lacan, Jacques ( 1901 -1981 ) BN 1465943 LIVRES 175 93-1214. Dujols, Pierre La chevalerie amoureuse, troubadours, félibres et rose-croix : un manuscrit inédit / de Pierre Dujols ; texte présenté et commenté par J.-F. Gibert. Paris : la Table d'émeraude, 1991 (85-Le Poiré-sur-Vie : Impr. graphique de l'Ouest). 155 p. : portr., couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. DL 92-22187. ISBN 2-903965-18-8 (br.) : 150 F. Ésotérisme dans la littérature BN 1444951 93-1215. Dupuy, Ernest (19..-....) La dynamique du dialogue 3 D / [Ernest Dupuy]. Boulogne (13 rue Neuve Saint Germain, 92100) : E. Dupuy, cop. 1992 (77-Pontault-Combault : Impr. FPF). 2 vol. (43 p., 16 f.) : ill. en coul., couv. ill. en coul. ; 30 cm. Comprend: 1, Mode opératoire de l'écoute consciente ; 2, L'illustration du mode opératoire de l'écoute consciente. Bibliogr, 1 p. DL 92-21567-21568. (Br.). Écoute (psychologie) Communication interpersonnelle BN 1443615 93-1216. Émotions et affects chez le bébé et ses partenaires / sous la dir. de Philippe Mazet et Serge Lebovici... Paris : Eshel, 1992 (14-Condé-sur-Noireau : Impr. Corlet). 282 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. Notes bibliogr.. Index. DL 92-28016. ISBN 2-906704-48-2 (br.) : 165 F. Nourrissons-Psychologie Cognition chez le nourrisson Communication interpersonnelle chez le nourrisson Émotions chez le nourrisson BN 1452093 93-1217. Espace et horizon de réalité : philosophie mathématique de Ferdinand Gonseth / sous la dir. de Marco Panza, Jean-Claude Pont. Paris ; Milan ; Barcelone : Masson, 1992 (Impr. en Belgique). X-194 p. : couv. ill. ; 24 cm. Bibliogr. p. 183-189. Index. DL 92-27620. ISBN 2-225-82831-8 (br.) : 195 F. Gonseth, Ferdinand ( 1890-1975)-Congrès BN 1459200 93-1218. Esthétique et poétique / Timothy Binkley, George Dickie, MiçhaL GLowiriski..[et al.] ; textes réunis et présentés par Gérard Genette. Paris : Éd. du Seuil, 1992 (18-Saint-Amand : Impr. Bussière). 245 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 18 cm. (Points; essais; 249). DL 92-25786. ISBN 2-02-015920-1 (br.) : 45 F. Littérature-Philosophie Esthétique Art-Philosophie BN 1454383 93-1219. Finkielkraut, Alain La mémoire vaine : du crime contre l'humanité / Alain Finkielkraut. [Paris] : Gallimard, 1992 (18-Saint-Amand : Impr. Bussière). 120 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 18 cm. (Collection Folio. Essais; 197). DL 92-33141. ISBN 2-07-032730-2 (br.) : 24,50 F. Barbie, Klaus (1913-1991)-Procès (1987, 11 mai-4 juillet) Crimes contre l'humanité BN 1469513 93-1220. Firmicus Maternus, Julius Mathesis. Tome I, Livres I-II / Firmicus Maternus ; texte établi et trad. par P. Monat,... Paris : les Belles lettres, 1992 (Impr. en Belgique). 176 p., pagination double p. 46-144 : ill. ; 20 cm. -(Collection des universités de France, ISSN 0184-7155. Série latine). Trad. de : "Matheseos". Texte en latin et trad. française en regard. DL 92-27211. ISBN 2-251-01363-4 (erroné) (rel.) : 250 F. BN 1465196 93-1221. Gersonide en son temps : science et philosophie médiévales / éd. par Gilbert Dahan ; préf. de Charles Touati. Louvain (Belgique) : Éd. Peeters, 1991 (Impr. en Belgique). 384 p. ; 25 cm. (Collection de la Revue des études juives). Bibliogr. p. 370-374. Index. Textes en français et en anglais. DL 92-22304. ISBN 90-6831-365-7 (rel.) : 360 F. Levi ben Gerson (1288-1344?) Philosophie juive-Histoire-Moyen âge BN 1445349 176 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE 93-1222. Grandmaison, Régis Pour une spiritualité du XXIe siècle : la quête des valeurs / Régis Grandmaison. Paris (BP 82, 75562, cedex 12) : la Maison de vie, 1992 (53-Château-Gontier : Impr. de l'Indépendant). 197 p. : couv. ill. ; 23 cm. (La spiritualité du XXIe siècle). Bibliogr., 6 p. DL 92-27076. ISBN 2-909816-00-1 (br.) : 95 F. Valeurs (philosophie) Initiations dans les associations, corporations, etc. BN 1457981 93-1223. GROUPE D'ÉTUDE ET DE RECHERCHE EN PARAPSYCHOLOGIE (France) 60 années de parapsychologie : H. Bender, R. Chauvin, F. Favre, P. Janin, H. Larcher / GERP ; préf., introd. et notes de G. Titeux et F. Favre. Paris : Éd. Kimé, 1992 (18-Saint-Amand-Montrond : Impr. SEPC). 297 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 24 cm. (GERP [Groupement d'étude et de recherche en parapsychologie]. ; 1) (Croyances et création). Bibliogr. p. 295-296. DL 92-27177. ISBN 2-908212-27-7 (br.) : 170 F. Parapsychologie-Histoire Parapsychologie et sciences BN 1458430 93-1224. Hannoun, Michel (1949-....) Nos solitudes : enquête sur un sentiment / Michel Hannoun. Paris : Éd. du Seuil, 1992 (27-Évreux : Impr. Hérissey). 281 p. : couv. ill. ; 18 cm. (Points actuels; 127). DL 92-34114. ISBN 2-02-018315-3 (br.) : 40 F. Solitude Personnes seules BN 1472598 93-1225. Hatem, Frank La règle du je : qui est je ?, confiance en toi, créer par l'esprit / Frank Hatem. Presles-en-Brie (BP 12, Chemin des fontaines, 77137) : Ed. Ganymède, 1992 (18-StÀmand-Montrond : Impr. SEPC). 157 p.-: ill. ; 18 cm. (Ganymède-poche). DL 92-15621. ISBN 2-9500999-3-9 (br.) : 78 F. Affirmation de soi BN 1425342 93-1226. Heraclite d'Éphèse Les fragments d'Heraclite / trad. et commentés par Roger Munier ; ill. par Abidine. [Toulouse] : Fata Morgana, 1991 (16-Cognac : Impr. G. Monti). 111 p. : 0L, couv. ill. ; 23 cm. (Les immémoriaux). Texte grec at traduction française en regard. DL 92-29428. (Br.) : 87 F. BN 1414973 93-1227. Horn, Pierre Voyance par téléphone / Pierre Horn,... Paris (37 rue d'Amsterdam, 75008) : P. Horn, 1992. Pagination multiple : ill., couv. ill. ; 30 cm. DL 92-27433. ISBN 2-9500589-5-7 (br.) :,250 F. Voyance BN 1458989 93-1228. Horn, Pierre La voyance sensitive / Pierre Horn... Paris (37 rue d'Amsterdam, 75008) : P. Horn, 1992. 101 f. : ill., couv. ill. ; 30 cm. DL 92-27434. ISBN 2-9500589-3-0 (br.) : 300 F. Voyance Divination BN 1459005 93-1229. Jeannière, Abel Espace et temps modernes / Abel Jeannière. Paris (30 rue de Sèvres, 75006) : Médiasèvres, 1990. 84 p.; 30 cm. DL 92-22286. (Br.) : 40 F. Modernité Espace (philosophie) Temps (philosophie) BN 1445254 LIVRES 177 93-1230. Jeannière, Abel Le physicien et le philosophe : réflexions à partir du big-bang ; (suivi de) Une société civile universelle est-elle possible ? / Abel Jeannière. Paris (35 rue de Sèvres, 75006) : Médiasèvres, 1992. 36 p.; 30 cm. Conférences-débats des 2e et 3e cycles, 23 octobre et 20 novembre 1991. DL 92-22287. (Br.) : 30 F. Philosophie et sciences Société civile BN 1445262 93-1231. Joly, Maurice (1829-1878) Recherches sur l'art de parvenir / Maurice Joly. Paris : Éd. Allia, 1992 (Impr. en Belgique). 333 p. ; 23 cm. DL 92-28233. ISBN 2-904235-40-X (rel.) : 180 F. Succès dans les affaires-Ouvrages avant 1900 BN 1461055 93-1232. Kelley-Lainé, Kathleen Peter Pan ou L'enfant triste / Kathleen Kelley-Lainé. Paris : Calmann-Lévy, 1992 (27-Mesnil-sur-L'Estrée : Impr. Firmin Didot). 209 p. : couv. ill. ; 21 cm. DL 92-26235. ISBN 2-7021-2031-8 (br.) : 92 F. Barrie, James Matthew (1860-1937)-Critique et interprétation Peter Pan (personnage fictif) Psychanalyse-Cas, Études de BN 1455748 93-1233. Krishnamurti, Uppalari Gopala La pensée est votre ennemie / entretiens fracassants avec U.G. Paris : les Deux océans, 1992 (58-Clamecy : Impr. Laballery). 127 p. : couv. ill. ; 21 cm. DL 92-28517. ISBN 2-86681-040-6 (br.) : 89 F. Krishnamurti, Jiddu (1895-1986)-Enseignements BN 1461779 93-1234. Lacroix, Xavier Le corps de chair : les dimensions éthique, esthétique et spirituelle de l'amour / Xavier Lacroix ; préf. par Xavier Thévenot. Paris : Éd. du Cerf, 1992 (58-Clamecy : Impr. Laballery). 378 p. ; 22 cm. (Recherches morales. Synthèses, ISSN 1140-0803; 19). Bibliogr. p. 359-376. DL 92-30542. ISBN 2-204-04615-9 (br.) : 180 F. Sexualité-Aspect religieux-Christianisme Sexualité-Philosophie Morale sexuelle BN 1457994 93-1235. Laurent, Jérôme (1960-....) Les fondements de la nature dans la pensée de Plotin : procession et participation / par Jérôme Laurent,... Paris : J. Vrin, 1992 (53-Mayenne : Impr. de la Manutention). 253 p. ; 22 cm. (Bibliothèque d'histoire de la philosophie. Nouvelle série, ISSN 0249-7980). Titre de couv. : "Les fondements de la nature selon Plotin". Bibliogr. p. 241-245. Index. DL 92-30645. ISBN 2-7116-1117-5 (br.) : 189 F. Plotin (02057-0270?) BN 1466779 93-1236. Lavelle, Louis De l'acte / Louis Lavelle ; préf. de Bruno Pinchard. Paris : Aubier, 1992 (18-SaintAmand : Impr. Bussière). 541 p. ; 22 cm. (La dialectique de l'éternel présent. ; 2) (Bibliothèque philosophique). DL 92-29028. ISBN 2-7007-3483-1 (br.) : 195 F. Action (philosophie) BN 1463117 93-1237. Lazorthes, Guy Croyance et raison : de la recherche scientifique à l'interrogation spirituelle / Guy Lazorthes. Paris : Centurion, 1991 (86-Ligugé : Impr. Aubin). 219 p.; 22 cm. (Sciences pour l'homme). DL 92-25978. ISBN 2-227-36402-5 (br.) : 120 F. Foi et raison Religion et sciences BN 1392639 178 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE 93-1238. MacKay, Matthew (19..-....; docteur en psychologie) Quand la colère monte / Dr. Matthew MacKay, Dr. Peter D. Rogers, Judith MacKay ; [trad. et adapté de l'américain par Monique Robert]. [Paris] : Presses pocket, 1992 (Impr. en Grande Bretagne). 317 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 18 cm. (Presses pocket ; 4739. L'âge d'être). Trad. de : "When anger hurts". DL 92-26789. ISBN 2-266-04843-0 (br.) : 55 F. Colère Agressivité (psychologie) BN 1456690 93-1239. Mackenzie, Vicki L'enfant lama : histoire d'une réincarnation / Vicki Mackenzie ; trad. de l'anglais par Colette Vlérick. Paris : Éd. J'ai lu, 1992 (72-La Flèche : Impr. Brodard et Taupin). 313 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 17 cm. (J'ai lu; 3360. Aventure mystérieuse). Trad. de : "Reincarnation : the boy lama". DL 92-34763. ISBN 2-277-23360-9 (br.) : 29 F. Lamas (bouddhisme) Réincarnation (bouddhisme) BN 1472450 93-1240. H Mairet, Gérard Guidobac philo / Gérard Mairet,... Paris : Belin, 1992 (85-Luçon : Impr. Pollina). 224 p. ; 21 cm. (Guidobac). DL 92-28336. ISBN 2-7011-1404-7 (br.) : 65 F. BN 1461370 93-1241. Maritain, Jacques (1882-1973) OEuvres complètes, volume XII, [1961-1967] / Jacques et Raïssa Maritain ; éd. publ. par le Cercle d'études Jacques et Raïssa Maritain. Fribourg : Éd. universitaires; Paris : Éd. Saint-Paul, 1992 (55-Bar-le-Duc : Impr. Saint-Paul). 1339 p.; 21 cm. -. Bibliogr. p. 1299-1324. Index. DL 92-31044. ISBN 2-8271-0744-7 (erroné) (Éd. universitaires Fribourg). ISBN 2-85049-522-0 (Éd. Saint-Paul) (rel.) : 620 F. BN 1471210 93-1242. Montaigne, Michel de Les essais / Michel de Montaigne ; éd. établie et présentée par Claude Pinganaud. [Paris] : Arléa, 1992 (27-Évreux : Impr. Hérissey). X-866 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. DL 92-27956. ISBN 2-86959-147-0 (br.) :185 F. BN 1469746 93-1243. Montain, Bernard Groupe sanguin, clé de votre caractère : découvrez votre personnalité et orientezvous selon votre groupe sanguin / Dr Bernard Montain ; préf. d'André Passebecq. Vallesvilles (31570) : Nouvelles presses internationales, 1992 (Impr. en Italie). 127 p.-12 p. de pl. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. Bibliogr. p. 127. DL 92-19808. ISBN 2-906956-05-8 (br.) : 48 F. Groupes sanguins-Aspect psychologique Biotypologie BN 1438215 93-1244. Morando, Philippe Karma et réincarnation / Philippe Morando. Paris (17 rue Albert Bayet, 75013) : P. Morando, 1992 ( 18-Saint-Amand-Montrond : Impr. SEPC). 143 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. (Questions réponses.; 1). DL 92-23379. ISBN 2-908900-05-X (br.) : 65 F. Karman Réincarnation BN 1448983 93-1245. Pascal, Blaise Discours sur la religion et sur quelques autres sujets / Blaise Pascal ; restitués et publ. par Emmanuel Martineau. Paris : Fayard : A. Colin, 1992 (25-Baume-les-Dames : Impr. IME). 286 p. : couv. ill. ; 32 cm. Bibliogr. p. 267-272. DL 92-30099. ISBN 2-213-02817-6 (br.) : 280 F. BN 1465343 93-1246. Penser la folie : essais sur Michel Foucault. Paris : Galilée, 1992 (53-Mayenne : Impr. Floch). 194 p.; 24 cm. (Collection Débats, ISSN 0152-3678). DL 92-29978. ISBN 2-7186-0404-2 (br.) : 126 F. Foucault, Michel (1926-1984). Histoire de la folie-Congrès BN 1461170 LIVRES 179 93-1247. Platon Le Banquet / Platon ; notice de Léon Robin ; texte établi et trad. par Paul Vicaire ; avec le concours de Jean Laborderie,... 2e tirage rev. et corr. Paris : Les Belles lettres, 1992 (Impr. en Belgique). CXXIII-92 p., avec pagination double pour les p. 1-92; 20 cm. (Oeuvres complètes / Platon.; 4,2) (Collection des universités de France, ISSN 0184-7155). Titre conventionnel latin : "Convivium". Texte grec et trad. française en regard. Bibliogr. p. CXVIII-CXX. DL 92-27217. ISBN 2-251-00378-9 (erroné) (rel.) : 185 F. BN 1469511 93-1248. Provence, Dominique Mettez sur pied ce que vous avez dans la tête / Dominique Provence. Paris : l'Age du Verseau, 1992 (27-Mesnil-sur-l'Estrée : Impr. Firmin Didot). 304 p. : couv. ill. ; 25 cm. (Les cahiers du développement personnel). Bibliogr. p. 295. DL 92-27954. ISBN 2-7144-2923-8 (br.) : 110 F. Réalisation de soi-Guides, manuels, etc. BN 1460156 93-1249. Rahier, Paul La première année de votre bébé / Dr Paul Rahier ; ill., Frédérique Halbardier. Aartselaar (Belgique) : Chantecler, 1992 (Impr. en Belgique). 75 p. : ill, couv. ill. ; 28 cm. DL 92-22845. ISBN 2-8034-2331-6 (rel.) : 125 F. Enfants-Développement Nourrissons-Développement BN 1447414 93-1250. Rivelaygue, Jacques Leçons de métaphysique allemande. Tome II, Kant, Heidegger, Habermas / Jacques Rivelaygue. Paris : B. Grasset, 1992 (18-Saint-Amand : Impr. SEPC). 503 p.; 23 cm. -(Collège de philosophie). DL 92-29883. ISBN 2-246-44421-7 (br.) : 165 F. Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804). Kritik der reinen Vernunft Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976). Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik Habermas, Jürgen (1929-....) Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804)-Contribution à la philosophie de la nature BN 1464574 93-1251. Salem, Jean Introduction à la logique formelle et symbolique : avec des exercices et leurs corrigés / Jean Salem,... [Paris] : Nathan, 1992 (86-Ligugé : Impr. Aubin). 141 p.; 21 cm. (Fac. Philosophie). Bibliogr. p. 141. DL 92-26758. ISBN 2-09-190519-4 (br.) : 99,50 F. Logique symbolique et mathématique BN 1456952 93-1252. Salomé, Jacques Apprivoiser la tendresse / Jacques Salomé. Nouv. éd. rev. et complétée. Genève : Éd. Jouvence, 1991 (21-Dijon-Quétigny : Impr. Darantière). 207 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 21 cm. (Collection Eau de Jouvence). DL Impr. ISBN 2-88353-002-5 (br.) : 95 F. Amour Attachement BN 1443714 93-1253. Santoy, Claude Graphologie et santé / Claude Santoy. Antony : SIDES, 1992 (53-Lassay-les-Châteaux : Impr. EMD). 196 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. DL 92-22813. ISBN 2-86861-081-2 (erroné) (br.) : 92 F. Graphologie-Guides, manuels, etc. Diagnostics cliniques BN 1447114 93-1254. Séchath, Suzanne La renaissance de l'initiation féminine / Suzanne Séchath. Paris (BP 82, 75562, cedex 12) : la Maison de vie, 1992 (53-Château-Gontier : Impr. de l'Indépendant). 191 p. : couv. ill. ; 23 cm. (La spiritualité du XXIe siècle). Bibliogr. p. 185-187. DL 92-27075. ISBN 2-909816-01-X (br.) : 95 F. Rites d'initiation Femmes et franc-maçonnerie Femmes-Associations-Histoire BN 1457991 180 BIBLIOGRAPHIE NATIONALE FRANÇAISE 93-1255. Stanguennec, André Mallarmé et l'éthique de la poésie / par André Stanguennec. Paris : J. Vrin, 1992 (53-Mayenne : Impr. de la Manutention). 125 p.; 22 cm. (Essais d'art et de philosophie, ISSN 0249-7913). Bibliogr. p. 119-122. DL 92-30646. ISBN 2-7116-1122-1 (br.) : 114 F. Mallarmé, Stéphane ( 1842-1898)-Philosophie BN 1466801 93-1256. Swigart, Jane Le mythe de la mauvaise mère : les réalités affectives de la maternité / Jane Swigart ; trad. de l'américain par Yvon et Nicole Geffray. Paris : R. Laffont, 1992 (61-Lonrai : Impr. Normandie roto). 298 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 22 cm. (Réponses). Trad. de : "The myth of the bad mother". Bibliogr. p. 291-294. DL 92-32150. ISBN 2-221-07074-7 (br.) : 120 F. Mère et enfant Mères-Psychologie Maternité-Aspect psychologique BN 1460931 93-1257. TIME-LIFE BOOKS La recherche de l'immortalité / par les rédacteurs des éd. Time-Life ; [trad. de l'anglais par Daphné Halin]. Amsterdam : Éd. Time-Life, 1992 (Impr. aux ÉtatsUnis). 144 p. : ill. en noir et en coul., couv. ill. en coul. ; 29 cm. (Les mystères de l'inconnu). Trad. de : "Search for immortality". Bibliogr. p. 138-140. Index. DL 92-24817. ISBN 2-7344-0626-8 (rel.) : 188 F. Immortalité Longévité Cryogénisation BN 1452660 93-1258. Todorov, Tzvetan Nous et les. autres : la réflexion française sur la diversité humaine / Tzvetan Todorov. Paris : Éd. du Seuil, 1992 (18-Saint-Amand : Impr. Bussière). 538 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 18 cm. (Points: essais; 250). Bibliogr. p. 525-534. Index. DL 92-25848. ISBN 2-02-018217-3 (br.) : 55 F. Ethnocentrisme Ethnocentrisme dans la littérature Nationalisme-France-Histoire Philosophie française BN 1455332 93-1259. Valla, Jean-Pierre Les états étranges de la conscience / Jean-Pierre Valla ; avant-propos d'Yves Pélicier. Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1992 (41-Vendôme : Impr. des PUF). 148 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. (Psychiatrie ouverte, ISSN 0242-7842). Bibliogr. p. 132. DL 92-27047. ISBN 2-13-044424-5 (br.) : 143 F. Conscience, Champ de Conscience de soi Perception, Troubles de la-Cas, Études de Hallucinations et illusions-Cas, Études de BN 1458261 93-1260. Verdilhac, Monique de La conscience au soleil : visualisations, relaxations intégratives / Monique de Verdilhac. Paris : Presses pocket, 1992 (Impr. en Grande Bretagne). 285 p. : ill., couv. ill. en coul. ; 18 cm. (Presses pocket; 4752. L'âge d'être). DL 92-26790. ISBN 2-266-05218-7 (br.) : 40 F. Relaxation-Guides, manuels, etc. Visualisation (psychothérapie)--Guides, manuels, etc. BN 1456700 93-1261. H Vergez, André (1926-....) Cours de philosophie : complément pour terminales A et B / André Vergez, Denis Huisman. [Paris] : Nathan, 1990 (86-Ligugé : Impr. Aubin). 288 p. : ill., couv. ill. ; 24 cm. DL Impr. ISBN 2-09-175552-4 (br.). BN 1328094 93-1262. E Vergez, André (1926-....) Cours de philosophie : terminales A, B, C, D, E / André Vergez, Denis Huisman. [Paris] : Nathan, 1990 (86-Ligugé : Impr. Aubin). 429 p. ; ill., couv. ill. ; 24 cm. DL Impr. ISBN 2-09-175551-4 (erroné) (br.). BN 1330334 LIVRES 181 93-1263. Vion Mercier, Roger Ne soyez plus malchanceux / par Roger Vion-Mercier. Paris (11 Bd de Rochechouart, 75009) : EUH, 1992. 62 f. : couv. ill. ; 30 cm. DL 92-26879. (Br.). Réalisation de soi BN 1457722 2. RELIGION 93-1264. Biancheri, André Le traité un : l'indicateur élémentaire unissant toute connaissance naturelle et surnaturelle / André Biancheri. [Nice] (17 Av. Cernuschi, 06100) : A. Banchieri, 1992 (06-Nice : Impr. les Arts graphiques). 69 p.; 21 cm. DL 92-28522. (Br.). BN 1461849 93-1265. Bloyet, Bernard Le Renouveau charismatique / Bernard Bloyet, SDB. Caen (4 impasse Clair-Soleil, 14000) : Éd. Don Bosco, 1992 (69-Saint-Martin-en-Haut : Impr. des Monts du Lyonnais). 40 p. : couv. ill. en coul. ; 19 cm. (Terre nouvelle, ISSN 1140-2253 ; 29). Contient un choix de témoignages. DL 92-29613. ISBN 2-906295-43-4 (br.) : 15 F. Mouvement charismatique BN 1463863 93-1266. Carteron de Civray, Gabriel Templiers : Ordre de Malte / Gabriel de Civray. Ed. rev. et corr. Lyon (montée de l'Observance, 69009) : G. de Civray, 1992. 33 f. : ill., couv. ill. ; 30 cm. Contient un choix de documents. DL 92-26927. (Br.). | 28,519 |
https://github.com/robandrose/mifare-classic-js/blob/master/index.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause, BSD-2-Clause | 2,018 | mifare-classic-js | robandrose | JavaScript | Code | 384 | 1,075 | var spawn = require('child_process').spawn,
fs = require('fs'),
fileName = 'ndef.bin'; // TODO use temp files
function defaultCallback(err) {
if (err) { throw err; }
}
function defaultReadCallback(err, data) {
if (err) { throw err; }
console.log(data);
}
// callback(err, data)
// data is stream of ndef bytes from the tag
function read(callback) {
var errorMessage = "",
result = "", // string for stdout from process
uid = null,
readMifareClassic = spawn('mifare-classic-read-ndef', [ '-y', '-o', fileName]);
if (!callback) { callback = defaultReadCallback; }
readMifareClassic.stdout.on('data', function (data) {
process.stdout.write(data + "");
result += data;
});
readMifareClassic.stderr.on('data', function (data) {
errorMessage += data;
// console.log('stderr: ' + data);
});
readMifareClassic.on('close', function (code) {
if (!result.includes('Found')) { // If stdout does not contain "Found"
errorMessage = "No tag found"; // then there should be an error
} else {
// parse the UID from the mifare-classic-read-ndef output
uid = result.match(/with UID ([A-F0-9]*)/i)[1];
}
if (code === 0 && errorMessage.length === 0) {
fs.readFile(fileName, function (err, data) {
callback(err, data, uid);
fs.unlinkSync(fileName);
});
} else {
callback(errorMessage);
}
});
}
// callback(err)
function write(data, callback) {
var buffer = Buffer.from(data),
errorMessage = "",
result = "";
if (!callback) { callback = defaultCallback; }
fs.writeFile(fileName, buffer, function(err) {
if (err) callback(err);
writeMifareClassic = spawn('mifare-classic-write-ndef', [ '-y', '-i', fileName]);
writeMifareClassic.stdout.on('data', function (data) {
process.stdout.write(data + "");
result += data;
});
writeMifareClassic.stderr.on('data', function (data) {
errorMessage += data;
//console.log('stderr: ' + data);
});
writeMifareClassic.on('close', function (code) {
if (!result.includes('Found')) { // If stdout does not contain
errorMessage = "No tag found"; // "Found"
} // then there should be an error
if (code === 0 && errorMessage && errorMessage.length === 0) {
callback(null);
fs.unlinkSync(fileName);
} else {
callback(errorMessage);
}
});
});
}
function format(callback) {
var errorMessage,
result;
if (!callback) { callback = defaultCallback; }
formatMifareClassic = spawn('mifare-classic-format', [ '-y']);
formatMifareClassic.stdout.on('data', function (data) {
process.stdout.write(data + "");
result += data;
});
formatMifareClassic.stderr.on('data', function (data) {
errorMessage += data;
// console.log('stderr: ' + data);
});
formatMifareClassic.on('close', function (code) {
if (!result.includes('Found')) { // If stdout does not contain
errorMessage = "No tag found"; // "Found"
} // then there should be an error
if (code === 0 && errorMessage && errorMessage.length === 0) {
callback(null);
} else {
callback(errorMessage);
}
});
}
module.exports = {
read: read,
write: write,
format: format
};
| 3,133 |
sn87065528_1949-11-18_1_12_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | None | None | English | Spoken | 2,174 | 3,532 | Soil Conservation in Jackson County... 4 Farms Make Good Thing Through : Proper Methods of Conserving Soil By L. O. Strange * (County Conservationist) A. N. Aarnea of Escatawpa has completed 1800 feet of drainage ditches as part of a complete soil and water conservation plan with the county soil conservation district. The SCS technicians made a survey and staked out ditches for Baines. Improved pasture consisting of crimson clover, Penracola bahia, and rye grass will make a beautiful picture on Harry Seward's farm in Tanner-Williams. The 30-acre field was planted to grasses for temporary grazing and to hold the soil in place while crimson clover and bahia are getting established. Harry expects to plant about 15 acres of lespedeza sericca next spring so his cattle will have excellent grazing during the summer and fall months. In the fall of 1948, Nalf Jordan of Latimer planted a few pounds of Kentucky 31-fescue. He said: "My cattle liked it so much that I planted three acres of fescue and ladino clover so they will have good grazing during the winter and spring when needed most. Six acres were planted to white Dutch clover, flail is grass, and oats by Vernon Walker of Fort Bayou. He prepared a good seed bed and applied one ton of lime, 500 pounds of nitrate an acre. Good pasture is the main cog in Verde." min's complete soil and water conservation plan. Vela McKinley is Vice President of the State and National Association of Women's Clubs. Miss McKinley, county demonstration agent, was conducted first vice president of the Mississippi Home Demonstration Agents Association during the three-day convention in Biloxi last week. Miss McKinley has served as secretary of the association for the past three years. BRIGHTEN UP HOME FOR THE HOLIDAYS Only Wesson, the world's largest manufacturers of water, mixed paints, could offer you such value. FLITE literally flows on — dries in 40 minutes. One coat covers. YOU CAN BUY ENOUGH GOOD PAINT FOR THIS AVERAGE ROOM FOR $13 RICHARD BROTHERS Phone 26-J or 26-R 130 N. Market St. TIRES Stop in today for a trade! LIBERAL ALLOWANCE FOR YOUR OLD TIRES EASY PAY TIRE STORE ALTON THOMSON, Manager Main Street Moss Point. Home Economics Department of Moss Point's Magnolia High School won first place on its exhibit at the County Fair, the following: L. Knight, head of the department, announced this week, in addition, 21 individual prizes were awarded to students of the department, which was inaugurated in the school last year. Mrs. Knight is a graduate of Alcorn college. The Magnolia 4-11 club was represented at the fair with an exhibit of foods, clothing, gardening, and hotde making. Several first, second, and third places were by member, who range in age from time to 13. For Cowan, representing the club, won second place in an oratorical contest on “Better Living for a Better World." The club's workshop had an exhibit of student work. Magnolia athletes took first place in the afternoon. Following is a list of winners: Sewing Olga MacLurry, 1st; Tommy Safford, 2nd; Irene James, 2nd; Clara Norvell, 2nd; Dorothy Nix, 1st; Effie Cowan, 1st; Oga Mae Lorry, 2nd. COOKING Fith Miller, 1st; Edith Miller, 2nd; Edith Miller, 2nd; Effie Cowan, 2nd; Mrs. Isabel Knight, 2nd. CROCHET WORK Nettie Ann Fairly, 2nd; Edith Miller, 1st; Lula Mae Nettles, 2nd; Freedman Martin, 1st; Antoinette Liddell, 2nd; Mattie McCoy, 2nd; Joyce Martin, 2nd; Irene James, 2nd. RACES Bessie Lou Henry, 1st; Fannie Mae Cherry, 2nd; Willie James Johnson, 2nd; Jessie Lewis, 1st; Dewey Kennedy, two first prizes in a boxing match. BOYS' WORK Log cabin, Edgar Tanner, 1st; book ends, Alton Joseph, 3rd; sweet potatoes, Edward Brown, 1st. Arts And Crafts Meet Postponed Instead Of meeting in November as scheduled, the Arts and Crafts club will combine this with the December meeting into an all day session, Dec. 14 when a pot-luck lunch will be served at noon. The club has also postponed its annual fall exhibit until January 1 as it has been invited to put on display of rugs during the Federation of Women’s clubs at Biloxi. The committee handling the exhibit is composed of Mesdames H. G. Otis, teacher; A. W. Pinkston, W. R. Pollitt and J. W. Brumfield. Mesdames Otis and Pinkston were joined by Mrs. Pollitt, who came from New Orleans, where she has been visiting in arranging the display at Biloxi Wednesday. FHMA Club Girls To Attend Biloxi Meet About 50 girls from Pascagoula high will attend a meeting of the Future Homemakers of America in Biloxi today under leadership of Miss Mallha Sullivan, advisor of the school's FHMA club. Installation of new officers was held recently. They are Mildred Guillotte, president; Betty Jo Runnels, vice president; Bobbie Jean McDaniel, secretary; Pat Calmer, treasurer; Carolyn Polville, parliamentarian; Lois Ann Walker, historian; Pat Lacy and Jeanine Hilbun, song leaders; Nolu Jean Batten, pianist, and Glenna Farmer, reporter. Joy Theatre Sunday & Monday November 27-28 Matinee Sun. 1:30 - 3:30 Matinee Mon. 6:30 - 9:30 Adults 50c — Children 25c Pix Theatre Tuesday & Wednesday November 29-30 Matinees 2:00 P.M. Evenings 6:30 - 9:30 P.M. Adults 50c — Children 25c THE ENGAGEMENT OF MISS CLARA ALLEN. ABOVE, youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Norman Allan of Moss Point, to John Henry Toarman of Kalamazoo, Mich., is announced today by her parents. The wedding at Kalamazoo Thursday, will be followed by a honeymoon trip to Chicago after which they will reside on Forrest St., Kalamazoo. Father Of H. D. Magee Dies In Bogalusa, La. H. D. Magee and family have returned from Bogalusa where they were called by the death Of his father, Henry Elton Magee, Nov. 5, His sister, Mrs. N. C. Reviere and Mr. Reviere, who also attended the funeral, remained for a longer stay with the family. Mr. Magee, member of the Bogalusa police force for 31 years, was an employee of Gaylord Container Corp. He was active in civic and community affairs. Book Week Program At Perkinston College Features 4 Counties Mrs. Lottie Sudduth of Rt. 2, Pascagoula, took part in the Book Week program in the Perkinston Junior college library Tuesday afternoon. She reviewed Nola Oliver’s “Gulf Coast of Mississippi” Three Jackson county girls, library assistants, helped in arrangements for the event: Mary Ellen Brown, and Dorothy Ne caise, both of Rt. 2, Biloxi, and Patti Spruell, Moss Point. The program featured Missis sippi and Louisiana writers. Charlotte Lamar Given Party On Third Birthday Mrs. Lamar Alexander was hostess Saturday at a party celebrating the third birthday of her daughter, Charlotte, at their home, 411 Live Oak. Games were played and movies of the children were taken, including a birthday with a delicious ceremonies. The cake was served with ice cream. Guests were Patsy Dobbs, Nancy Gayle Woodall, Barbara Lynn Lee, Sandra and Patricia Wells, Kathy and Francesca Jordan, Jimmy Canty and Rebecca Tre hern. Ruth McKay was an older guest as were mothers of several younger children. Tim Curley, intercollegiate 145 pound champion from Syracuse University, is captain of the cross country squad. Local Lions Club Sends Delegates To Biloxi Meeting Five members of the Pascagoula Lions club and three ladies attended a meeting, of zone chair men Tuesday night in Biloxi. The meeting was held jointly with the Biloxi Lions and the auxiliaries of both clubs. Attending from here were George W. Noe, zone chairman, Mr. and Mrs. G. T. Stallworth, Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Magee, David McClamrock, Jack Calhoun and Miss Joyce Krebs. A banquet featured the meeting. Four of the big Elater fireflies of Mexico or Brazil can throw enough light by which a book can be read. PHONE 596 Box Office Opens Daily 3:45 P. M. 1:45 P. M. Saturday And Sunday FRIDAY AND SATURDAY NOVEMBER 18-19 BIG DOUBLE FEATURE SILVER RIVER With ERROL FLYNN ANN SHERIDAN Plus EACH DAWN I DIE With JAMES CAGNEY GEORGE RAFT Also CARTOON SUNDAY AND MONDAY NOVEMBER 20 21 Also CARTOON TUESDAY & WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 22 23 Also CARTOON SPECIAL THANKSGIVING SHOW THURSDAY NOVEMBER 24 (Only) Tops all the 'Road' Pictures! CARTOON , Vim-...i,,, / First Methodist Church WSCS Circles... Mrs. Cockrell Receives Citation And Pin MARY LINDSEY Mrs. J. E. Cockrell received the certificate and life membership pin accorded her at the recent tri-zone meeting of the Methodist church at the circle session Monday at the home of Mrs. George Simpson, Jr., on Market. Mrs. Joe Cole, chairman, presided and Mrs. J. F. O’Neil gave the de votional. Mrs. Ellis Maskew presented a chapter in the study book. In addition to 10 members, one visitor, Mrs. M. E. Wigington, was present. SUSANNAH WESLEY The home of Mrs. Dewey Ste gall on 12th was place of meeting Thursday, with Mrs. J. S Fleming conducting the business. Following repetition of “The Timeless Prayer,” Mrs. J. C. Dye presented as devotional, “As You Live.” Study was on “The Ecumenical Church Looks at Society.” It was led by Mrs. J. M. Bustin. Two honorary members, Mesdames C. A. Carrier and Harlan Hilbun, and seven regular members were present. SARAH BENNETT The circle was guest of Mrs. C. A. Carrier, president of the mother society, at her home on Mill Street, Monday. The chairman, Mrs. E. H. Bacot, opened the meeting with prayer and conducted a period of business after which Mrs. M. S. Byrd presented the devotional "SMOKE POINT" 4861 Box Office Opens: 6:30 P. M. Daily 2:00 P. M. Saturday 1:30 P. M. Sunday THURSDAY, FRIDAY AND SATURDAY NOVEMBER 17-18-19 BIG DOUBLE FEATURE DOWN TO THE SEA IN SHIPS With LIONEL BARRYMORE RICHARD WIDMARK Plus OVERLAND TRAIL With JOHNNY MACK BROWN Also COMEDY SUNDAY AND MONDAY NOVEMBER 20-21 HASSOUR STUDIOS Abbott “CfSrELio Plus THE BIG SOMBRERO With GENE AUTRY Also NEWS AND COMEDY TUESDAY & WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 22-23 CASH NIGHT Drawing Wednesday — 9:00 $65.00 The fifth chapter of the study course was discussed by Mrs. W. N. Branch. Among the present was Mrs. Jim Kate Burns, a visitor. The meeting next week will be at the home of Mrs. L. O. Strange, 540 Joe. MARY REED The meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Earl Bond Monday with eight members present among these being two new entrants into the circle, Mesdames Napoleon Guillotte and J. H. Wier. Devotional was presented by Mrs. Frank Ellis, after which Mrs. Cooper Roberts, chairman, presided over a business session. At this time it was decided to continue the “galloping teas” until the end of the month. Mrs. Roberts reviewed the fifth chapter of the mission study. SIGRID GORING Mrs. Ed Wilhite was hostess at her home Monday. The meeting was opened with the saying of the “Timeless Prayer,” after which Mrs. R. V. Bardwell, chairman, conducted business. The circle voted to meet at 2:30 p.m. during the winter. Study, from the mission book was conducted by Mrs. E. A. Corlew. The meeting next Monday will be at the home of Mrs. E. A. Corlew. C. R. Bennett Speaker At O.S. Rotary Club C. R. Bennett, executive secretary of the Gulf Coast Advertising Association, was guest speaker at Ocean Springs Rotary Club Wednesday. Visiting Rotarians were Theo Friedhoff, John Martinere, Walter Reid, Jimmie Box of Biloxi; Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Plumb, Bellefonte, la., Ed Floyd and guest, Coach Clay Boyd, Ocean Springs high, and Mr. Patterson, New Orleans. Mrs. Talbott To Lead, Junior Club Program “What Pascagoula Offers for Education” will be the topic for discussion at the November meeting of the Junior Woman's club at the Community Activities building Wednesday at 2:30 pm. Leader will be Mrs. E. A. Talbott. Hostesses are Mesdames Louis Frederic, G. J. Frederic and Quin Gautier. Mrs. Nolley Byrd, 1303 Cleveland, at 2:30 p.m. There were 11 present. The Sunday and Monday November 20-21 Loretta YOU HG - Celeste HOLM TO THE STABLE VETERAN, DEDICATED BY HENRY KOSTER Introduced by SAMUEL GENTRY RIT THEATRE HI 1 £j PASCAGO, MISS. Box Office Open 1:45 P. M. Sundays and Saturdays, 3:45 P. M. All Other Days. SISMSiE®5EI0J3J3JE.r3EJifSIBJ3/EJ, JHI THURSDAY AND FRIDAY NOVEMBER 17-18 DOUBLE FEATURE PROGRAM BLONDIE'S BIG DEAL (Comedy) WITH PENNY SINGLETON, ARTHUR LAKE And DEATH RIDES THE RANGE (Western) WITH ROBERT LIVINGSTON Also—BRUCE GENTRY, Chapter 8 Saturday NOVEMBER 19 THE DAWN RIDER (Western) With JOHN WAYNE, YAKIMA CANUTT Also GHOST OF ZORRO, Chapter 4 CRABBIN IN A CABIN (Comedy) SUNDAY AND MONDAY NOVEMBER 20-21 COME TO THE STABLE (Drama) With LORETTA YOUNG, CELESTE HOLM Two grand ladies, in the grandest picture of the year. Share their laughter... and share their tears for a great and unforgettable story. Also — CARTOON AND NEWS TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 22-23 THIEVES HIGHWAY (Drama) With RICHARD CONTE, JACK OAKIE, LEE COBB A hard-hitting, brutally realistic action melodrama told against the novel backgrounds of the produce markets of California. Also — CARTOON AND NEWS THURSDAY AND FRIDAY NOVEMBER 24-25 DOUBLE FEATURE PROGRAM MISSISSIPPI RHYTHM (Musical Melodrama) With JIMMIE DAVIS, LEE WHITE — And — THE HORSEMEN OF THE SIERRAS (Western) With CHARLES STARRETT, SMILEY BURNETTE Also — BRUCE GENTRY, Chapter 9. | 23,472 |
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasophronica%20albomaculata | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Parasophronica albomaculata | https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parasophronica albomaculata&action=history | Indonesian | Spoken | 59 | 150 | Parasophronica albomaculata adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Parasophronica, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang.
Referensi
TITAN: Cerambycidae database. Tavakilian G., 25 Mei 2009.
Parasophronica | 7,394 |
https://github.com/Sea-Monster/KeduoduoTest/blob/master/KeduoduoTest/base/page.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | KeduoduoTest | Sea-Monster | Python | Code | 807 | 3,038 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from KeduoduoTest.common.settings import IMAGE_PATH, LOGS_PATH, IMAGE_SUBFIX_DEFAULT, BASE_URL, BASE_LOGIN_URL
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import datetime
import time
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement import WebElement
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from common import file_utils, log_utils
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
class BasePage(object):
"""
用于所有页面的继承
"""
LOGIN_URL = BASE_LOGIN_URL + 'login.jsp'
SELL_LIST_URL = BASE_LOGIN_URL + 'tbSellerList.jsp'
MAIN_PAGE = BASE_URL + 'kdd/home.jsp'
# 隐式等待秒数
WAIT_SECONDS = 10
# 点击前鼠标悬停秒数
HOLD_SECONDS = 1
def __init__(self, browser=None, catalog=None):
"""
初始化，接收browser
:type browser: WebDriver
:param browser:
"""
self._browser = browser
if self._browser is not None:
self._browser.implicitly_wait(self.WAIT_SECONDS)
if callable is None:
self._catalog = '未分类'
else:
self._catalog = catalog
@property
def browser(self):
if self._browser is None:
self._browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='/Users/SeaMonster/Downloads/chromedriver')
br: WebDriver = self._browser
return br
def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None, browser=None):
"""
:param by:
:param value:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
return br.find_element(by, value)
def save_screenshot(self, filename=None, browser=None):
"""
保存截图
到目录： /Users/SeaMonster/PycharmProjects/KeduoduoTest/images/{日期}/
:param filename:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
now = datetime.datetime.now()
file_path = IMAGE_PATH + str(now.date()) + '/' + self._catalog
file_name = '' if filename is None else filename
# 创建路径
file_utils.make_directory(file_path)
file_name = file_path + '/' + file_name + '_' + str(now) + IMAGE_SUBFIX_DEFAULT
log_utils.info('file name: ' + file_name)
return br.save_screenshot(file_name)
def execute_script(self, script, *args, browser=None):
"""
执行JavaScript代码
:param script:
:param args:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
try:
return br.execute_script(script, *args)
except Exception as e:
log_utils.error(e)
raise e
def switch_to_frame(self, frame_reference, browser=None):
"""
切换irame
:param frame_reference:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
return br.switch_to.frame(frame_reference)
def switch_to_default_content(self, browser=None):
"""
切换到上一级iFrame
:param browser: F
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
return br.switch_to.default_content()
def find_element_by_css_selector(self, css_selector, browser=None, throw=False):
"""
:param throw: 是否向上抛出异常
:param css_selector:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
try:
return br.find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)
except Exception as e:
log_utils.error('find element by css fail : {0}'.format(css_selector))
log_utils.error(e)
if throw:
raise e
def find_elements_by_css_selector(self, css_selector, browser=None, throw=False):
"""
:param throw: 是否向上抛出异常
:param css_selector:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
try:
return br.find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)
except Exception as e:
log_utils.error('find elements by css fail : {0}'.format(css_selector))
log_utils.error(e)
if throw:
raise e
def click(self, element, need_hold=False, browser=None):
"""
点击
:type element: WebElement
:param element: 元素
:param need_hold: 是否需要先"悬停"
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
if need_hold:
ActionChains(br).move_to_element(element).perform()
self.wait(self.HOLD_SECONDS)
element.click()
def click_by_css_selector(self, css_selector, need_hold=False, browser=None):
"""
点击
:param css_selector:
:param need_hold:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
element = self.find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector, br)
if need_hold:
ActionChains(br).move_to_element(element).perform()
self.wait(self.HOLD_SECONDS)
element.click()
def execute(self, browser=None):
"""
执行特定操作(由子类决定步骤)
:param browser:
:return:
"""
raise NotImplemented
def wait_until(self, timeout=5, poll_frequency=0.5, locator_by=By.ID, locator_text='', browser=None):
"""
显式等待
:param timeout:
:param poll_frequency:
:param locator_by:
:param locator_text:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
element: WebElement = WebDriverWait(br, timeout, poll_frequency).until(
EC.presence_of_element_located((locator_by, locator_text))
)
return element
def get(self, relative_url, browser=None):
"""
Get 指定相对网址
:param relative_url:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
return br.get(BASE_URL + relative_url)
def get_absolute(self, url, browser=None):
"""
Get 指定绝对网址
:param url:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
return br.get(url)
def open_new_tab(self, url=None, browser=None):
"""
打开新标签页
:param url:
:param browser:
:return: 旧的标签页，新打开的标签页
"""
if url is None:
return
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
old_handle = self._browser.current_window_handle
old_handles = [item for item in self._browser.window_handles]
self.execute_script('window.open("{0}")'.format(BASE_URL + url))
new_handles = [item for item in self._browser.window_handles]
new_handle = None
for item in new_handles:
if item in old_handles:
pass
else:
new_handle = item
br.switch_to.window(new_handle)
ActionChains(br).send_keys(Keys.COMMAND, 't')
return old_handle, new_handle
# ActionChains(br).key_down(Keys.COMMAND).send_keys('t').key_up(Keys.COMMAND).perform()
def close_new_tab(self, handles, browser=None):
"""
关闭新打开的标签页
:param handles: 旧的标签页， 新的标签页（要关闭的那个）
:param browser:
:return:
"""
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
br.switch_to.window(handles[1])
br.close()
br.switch_to.window(handles[0])
def scroll_next_vertical(self, css_id=None, browser=None):
"""
页面向下滚动
:param css_id:
:param browser:
:return:
"""
index = 0
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
if css_id is None: # 整个页面滚动
height = br.find_element_by_tag_name('body').size.get('height')
if height < _BROWSER_HEIGHT:
pass
else:
current_scroll = 0
while current_scroll <= height:
yield str(index)
index += 1
current_scroll += _BROWSER_SCROLL_VERTICAL
self.execute_script('document.documentElement.scrollTop={}'.format(str(current_scroll)))
else: # 具体元素滚动
pass
pass
@classmethod
def wait(cls, sec):
"""
休眠
:param sec: 休眠的秒数
:return:
"""
time.sleep(sec)
def _set_browser(self, browser):
br: WebDriver = browser if browser is not None else self.browser
if self.browser is None:
self._browser = br
# 浏览器高度，元素高度高于这个才可以滚动
_BROWSER_HEIGHT = 500
# 每次垂直滚动距离
_BROWSER_SCROLL_VERTICAL = 400
if __name__ == '__main__':
# a = datetime.datetime.now().date()
# b = datetime.datetime.strptime(str(a), '%Y-%m-%d')
# print(str(a))
# print(b)
pass
| 41,967 |
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratniks | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Ratniks | https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ratniks&action=history | Spanish | Spoken | 279 | 482 | Los Ratniks (Ратник), o Guerreros por el Avance del Espíritu Nacional Búlgaro, eran miembros de una organización nacionalista búlgara de extrema derecha fundada en 1936. Sus ideas eran cercanas a las de los nacionalsocialistas alemanes, incluido el antisemitismo y el paramilitarismo, pero también la lealtad a la Iglesia ortodoxa búlgara. Los Ratniks (ratnitsi) vestían uniformes rojos en competencia directa con los comunistas por los corazones y las mentes de los jóvenes búlgaros, y también insignias con el Bogar: una cruz solar búlgara.
A pesar de decretar su lealtad a la Monarquía y al Rey Boris III de Bulgaria, disolvió oficialmente la organización en abril de 1939. Sin embargo, la prohibición no se hizo cumplir y siguieron existiendo. Poco después de la prohibición, llevaron a cabo uno de sus actos más notorios, la llamada "Kristallnacht búlgara" cuando, el 20 de septiembre de 1939, los Ratniks marcharon en Sofía arrojando piedras a las tiendas judías. La policía no intervino y algunos escaparates se rompieron, aunque finalmente demostró tener mucho menos impacto que la versión alemana y fue condenado por la mayoría de los políticos. Alexander Belev, uno de los principales miembros del grupo, afirmó más tarde que el ataque había sido idea suya y que personalmente había dirigido la mafia.
Con la llegada del Ejército Rojo y los bolcheviques a Bulgaria el 9 de septiembre de 1944, los Ratniks desaparecieron de la escena búlgara. Muchos de los líderes se convirtieron en miembros del gobierno nacional búlgaro en el extranjero, algunos de los jóvenes Ratniks se convirtieron en voluntarios en la Wehrmacht, mientras que otros optaron por quedarse en Bulgaria y luchar contra los comunistas.
Referencias
Extrema derecha
Organizaciones fundadas en 1936 | 5,471 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21420964 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Viringa | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 52 | 151 | Viringa
Viringa
Viringa instans av vattendrag
Viringa inom det administrativa området Malanje
Viringa land Angola
Viringa Geonames-ID 7742177
Viringa geografiska koordinater
Viringa GNS-ID 11070135
Viringa
watergang in Angola
Viringa is een watergang
Viringa gelegen in bestuurlijke eenheid Malanje
Viringa land Angola
Viringa GeoNames-identificatiecode 7742177
Viringa geografische locatie
Viringa GNS Unique Feature-identificatiecode 11070135 | 34,281 |
archivfrklinisc19chirgoog_1 | German-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,860 | Archiv für klinische Chirurgie | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie | German | Spoken | 7,461 | 13,309 | Google This is a digital copy of a book that was prcscrvod for gcncrations on library shclvcs bcforc it was carcfully scannod by Google as pari of a projcct to make the world's books discoverablc online. It has survived long enough for the Copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to Copyright or whose legal Copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, cultuie and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this flle - a reminder of this book's long journcy from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken Steps to prcvcnt abuse by commercial parties, including placing lechnical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use ofthefiles We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's System: If you are conducting research on machinc translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a laige amount of text is helpful, please contact us. 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Wir bitten Sie um Einhaltung folgender Richtlinien: + Nutzung der Dateien zu nichtkommerziellen Zwecken Wir haben Google Buchsuche Tür Endanwender konzipiert und möchten, dass Sie diese Dateien nur für persönliche, nichtkommerzielle Zwecke verwenden. + Keine automatisierten Abfragen Senden Sie keine automatisierten Abfragen irgendwelcher Art an das Google-System. Wenn Sie Recherchen über maschinelle Übersetzung, optische Zeichenerkennung oder andere Bereiche durchführen, in denen der Zugang zu Text in großen Mengen nützlich ist, wenden Sie sich bitte an uns. Wir fördern die Nutzung des öffentlich zugänglichen Materials fürdieseZwecke und können Ihnen unter Umständen helfen. + Beibehaltung von Google-MarkenelementenDas "Wasserzeichen" von Google, das Sie in jeder Datei finden, ist wichtig zur Information über dieses Projekt und hilft den Anwendern weiteres Material über Google Buchsuche zu finden. Bitte entfernen Sie das Wasserzeichen nicht. + Bewegen Sie sich innerhalb der Legalität Unabhängig von Ihrem Verwendungszweck müssen Sie sich Ihrer Verantwortung bewusst sein, sicherzustellen, dass Ihre Nutzung legal ist. Gehen Sie nicht davon aus, dass ein Buch, das nach unserem Dafürhalten für Nutzer in den USA öffentlich zugänglich ist, auch für Nutzer in anderen Ländern öffentlich zugänglich ist. Ob ein Buch noch dem Urheberrecht unterliegt, ist von Land zu Land verschieden. Wir können keine Beratung leisten, ob eine bestimmte Nutzung eines bestimmten Buches gesetzlich zulässig ist. Gehen Sie nicht davon aus, dass das Erscheinen eines Buchs in Google Buchsuche bedeutet, dass es in jeder Form und überall auf der Welt verwendet werden kann. Eine Urheberrechtsverletzung kann schwerwiegende Folgen haben. Über Google Buchsuche Das Ziel von Google besteht darin, die weltweiten Informationen zu organisieren und allgemein nutzbar und zugänglich zu machen. Google Buchsuche hilft Lesern dabei, die Bücher dieser Welt zu entdecken, und unterstützt Autoren und Verleger dabei, neue Zielgruppcn zu erreichen. Den gesamten Buchtext können Sie im Internet unter|http: //books . google .coiril durchsuchen. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MEDICAL CENTER LIBRARY SAN FRANCISCO I ! t 1 ^AECHIV FÜR KLIMSCHE CHmUßGIK. HERAUSGEGEBEN VON Dr. B. von LANGENBECK, Geh. Ober-Medieinal-RAth und ProfeMor der Chirurgie, Director dee ehirnrgiach- ophthalmologiechen Klinikuma der Univereit&t efe. etc. RBDIGIRT Ton Dr. BILLROTH, und Db. GURLT, Prof. d«r Chirurgie in Wien. Prof. der Cbirargie in Berlin. DRK1UNDZWANZI«STER BAND. (Mit 10 Tafeln Abbildungen der carcinomatösen Struma (des Krebskropfes). Von Prof. Dr. Edm.Rose 1 IL üeber Colotomie (mit Erwähnung von 262 Fällen). Von Dr. F. yan Erckelens 41 ni. Zur Aetiologie der acuten Entzündungen. Von Prof. Dr. Theodor Kocher , 101 IV. Die giftigen Eigenschaften der Garbolsäure bei chirurgischer Verwendung. Von Dr. Ernst Küster. (Hierzu ein Holzschnitt.) 117 V. Ueber die Entwickelung der Narbe im Blutgefäss nach der Unterbindung. Von Dr. Fritz Raab. (Hierzu Tafel I, H.) 156 VI. Ueber eine eigenthümliche Form von Endarteriitis und Endo- Phlebitis mit Gangrän des Fusses. Von Dr. Felix von Winiwarter. (Hierzu Tafel HI.) 202 Vil. Mittheilungen aus der chirurgischen Casuistik und kleinere Mittheilungen. 1. Epithelialkrebs der Stimhaut bei einem 18jährigen Mädchen. Von Prof. Dr. Hermann Lossen (Hierzu Tafel IV, Figur 1,2.) 227 * 2. Ueber das Schlussresultat der im verflossenen Jahre re ferirten Stomatoplastik. Von Prof. Dr.CarlGussen- bauer. (Hierzu Tafel IV, Figur 3, 4.) .... 231 3. Ein Fall von partieller Resection des Colon descendens zum Zwecke einer Geschwulstexstirpation. Von Prof. Dr. Carl Gussenbauer 233 4. Penetrirende Schnssverletzung der Brust; Gangrän eines grossen Theiles der linken Lunge; Resection mehrerer Rippen und der Clavicula; Heilung. Von Prof. Dr. Schneider. (Hierzu Tafel IV, Fig. 5—7) 248 5. Ueber eine neue Theorie der Skoliose. Eine Antwort an Herrn Prof. Dr. Hueter. Von Richard Barwell 254 Vni. Bericht ans dem Krankenhause Bethanien, umfassend die Jahre 1873— 1876. Von Dr. H. Set te gast .... 259 198 5 IV Inhalt IX. Zur Therapie des Genu valgum nach Ogston. Von Dr. Riedinger 288 X. Zu Ogston's Operation des Genu yalgnm. Von Prof. Dr. Thiersch. (Hierzu Tafel V. Fig. 1, 2.) 296 XI. Ueber hereditär -syphilitische Erkrankungen der Gelenke. Von Dr. Paul Gueterbock 298 XII. lieber embolische Knochennekrosen. Von Dr. Wilhelm Koch . 315 XIII. Ueber aseptische Contentivverbände. Ein Beitrag zur anit- septischen Wundbehandlung. Von Prof. Dr. G. v. Mo sengeil 326 XIV. Die Deutung des Gudde naschen Markirversuches am Ka- ninchenschädel. Von Prof. Dr. H. Maas 333 XV. Ueber die Exstirpation subst^maler Kröpfe. Ein Vortrag von Prof. Dr. Edm. Rose 339 XVI. Jahresbericht der chirurgischen Abtheilung des Cölner Bürger* hospitals, vom Jahre 1876. Von Dr. Krabbel .... 345 XVII. Ueber die Laparotomie mit antiseptischer Wundbehandlung. . Von Prof. Dr. V. Czerny 384 XVIII. Die spontane Subluxation der Hand nach Tome. Von Dr. Madelung. (Hierzu Tafel V. Fig. 3—8.) 395 XIX. Beobachtungen über Elephantiasis auf Samoa. Von Dr. Königer. (Hierzu Tafel VI. Fig. 1. 2, und Holzschnitte.) 413 XX. Mittheilungen aus der chirurgischen Casuistik und kleinere Mittheilungen. 1. Totale Exstirpation des Uterus. Von Dr. Gehl- schlaeger 423 2. Casuistischer Beitrag zu den jetzigen Anschauungen über ^hosphornekrose des Unterkiefers und die Resec- tion desselben. Von Dr. Weisbach 427 3. Ein Fall von Tumor cystoides colli congenitus. Von Dr. Ernst Schwerin 430 4. Zur Behandlung der Spitz- und Klump -Füsse. Von Dr. A. Heidenhain. (Hierzu Tafel VI. Fig. 3a— c.) 43 1 XXI. Experimentelle und anatomische Untersuchungen über Erysi- pelas. Von Dr. H. Tillmanns. (Hierzu Tafel VII.) . . 437 XXII. Die Wandemiere und ihre chirurgische Behandlung. Von Dr. Fr. Keppler 520 XXIII. Die seitlichen Verkrümmungen am Knie und deren Ileilungs- methoden. Von Dr. Johann Mikulicz. (Hierzu Tafel VIII, IX und Holzschnitte.) 561 XXIV. Jahresbericht der chirurgischen Abtheilung des Cölner Bürger- hospitals, vom Jahre 1876. Von Dr. Krabbel. (Fortsetzung zu S. 383.) 630 XXV. Mittheilungen aus der chirurgischen Casuistik und kleinere Mittheilungen. Inhalt. V Seite 1. Zar Auslösung des Femur im Hüftgeleok. Von Dr. B. Beck 654 2. Eine Antwort an Herrn Dr. Richard Bar well, betreffend die Theorieen der Skoliose. Von Prof. Dr. C. Hueter ..." 664 XXVI. Die seitlichen Verkrämmungen am Knie und deren Heilungs- methoden. Von Dr. Johann Mikulicz. (Mit einem Holz- schnitt.) [Schloss zu S. 629.] 671 Anhang zur Anatomie des Genu valgum. Ueber analoge Verkrümmungen am Ellbogen. (Mit 2 Holzschnitten.) 767 XXVII. Ueber die Verbesserung der Sprache nach der üranoplastik. Von Dr. G. Passavant. (Mit einem Holzschnitt.) . . . 771 XXVin. Zur Lehre von den Gelenkneuralgieen. Von Dr. Wilhelm Koch 781 XXIX. Jahresbericht der chirurgischen Abiheilung des Cölner Bürgerbospiials , vom Jahre 1876. Von Dr. Krabbel. (Schluss zu S. 653.) 796 XXX. Uebersicht über die Entwickelung und Anwendung der Distractionsmethode. Von Dr. Schildbach 847 XXXI. Mittheilungen aus der chirurgischen Casuistik und kleinere Alittheilungen. 1. Ein Fall metastasirender Kropfgeschwulst. Von Prof. Dr. E. Neumann. (Hierzu Tafel X. Fig. 1—3.) . 864 2. Zur Behandlung des Carbunkels der Oberlippe. Von Stabsarzt Dr. Lindemann 873 3. Ein Fall von Cheiloplastik. Von Stabsarzt Dr. Linde - mann. (Hierzu Tafel X. Fig. 4—7.) 877 4. Zu den .Operationen am Femur bei Genu valgum. (Nachtrag zum Aufsatze: Die seitlichen Verkrüm- mungen am Knie und deren Heilungsmethoden.) Von Dr. Johann Mikulicz 881 I. Die chirurgische Behandlung der carcino- matosen Struma (des Krebskropfes). Eine Studie, vorgetragen 6. Nov. 1877 in der medicinisch- chirurgischen Gesellschaft des Cantons Zürich. Von Prof« Dr« fidnt« Roiite^ Dlnetor der ohlmrg. KUnik in Zftrieh. Das Vorkommen krebsartiger Neubildungen in alten Kröpfen steht heut zu Tage ausser aller Frage. Schon Philipp von Walther unterschied ja eine besondere Art des Kropfes: die Struma carci- nomatosa, den Krebskropf. Im Gegensatz dazu wollte freilich noch Larrey den lymphatischen Kropf, eben so wie den scirrhösen, in die Lymphdrüsen am Halse verweisen, mit der Behauptung, dass die Schilddrüse in der Regel ganz unversehrt bei solchen Fällen bleibe. Allein schon 1841 hat dann Engel zwei Fälle von isolirtem Harkschwamm der Schilddrüse mitgetheilt, denen später zweifel- lose Fälle von malignen Neubildungen durch die Bemühungen von Virchow, Förster, Schuh, v. Bruns und so vielen anderen gefolgt sind. Lebert hat sich dann 1862 zuerst an die klinische Bearbeitung des Krebskropfes gemacht, der er zu seinem Erstaunen aus älterer und neuerer Zeit nur 23 Falle zu Grunde legen konnte. Und noch dazu sind unter diesen 23 Fällen noch 3 von secun- därem Krebs der Schilddrüse enthalten. Es ging daraus wieder hervor, dass, wie schon vor ihm Rokitansky ausgesprochen und noch jüngst wieder Virchow in seinen Geschwülsten ebenfalls be- tont hat, der Krebskropf zu den seltenen Afifectionen gehört. Ebenso scheint nach allen diesen Beobachtern ziemlich sicher, dass in kropffreien Gegenden, wie z. B. in Berlin, an den normalen Schild- f. Langenbeek, Archiv f. Chirurgie. XXIII. 1. 1 2 Dr. Edm. Rose, drüsen noch weniger von diesem Leiden zu sehen ist. Freiburg, Tübingen, Würzburg, Bern, vor allem aber Zürich, hat bis jetzt das grösste Contingent der bekannten Fälle geliefert. In der That gehört hier in Zürich der Krebskropf nicht zu den grossen Selten- heiten; vergeht doch kein Jahr, dass nicht mindestens ein neuer Fall mir hier vorkommt, wenn diese Kranken auch meist nur kometenartig mit mir bei Gonsultationen in Berührung kommen. Von 9 Fällen jedoch besitze ich ausfuhrlichere Notizen. Wie steht es danach mit der chirurgischen Behandlung des Krebskropfes? Lebert's Schluss ist einfach; der Refrain seiner Arbeit über den Krebskropf lautet: »Behandlung. Bei der bekannten Unheilbarkeit des Uebels kann diese natürlich nur eine palliative sein. In zweifel- haften Fällen allein ist Jodgebrauch indicirt. Sonst nähre man die Kranken gut, suche sie durch Narcotica bei Athembeschwerden und Schmerzen möglichst zu erleichtem, enthalte sich aller chirurgi- schen Eingriffe, da Stich und Schnitt gewöhnlich nur zu exuberi- render Krebswucherung führen und die Exstirpation zwar die Leiden der Kranken abkürzt, aber auf Kosten des Lebens. "* Kurz, alle Krebse sind unheilbar, also ist erst recht auch von der Therapie des Krebskropfes nicht die Rede. Auch nach Lücke, dem neuesten Monographen der Schilddrüsenkrankheiten , »müssen wir die Schild- drüsensarcome als Noli me tangere betrachten **, und kann sich die Therapie beim Krebs nur darauf beschränken, die Kräfte des Kran- ken zu erhalten, ihm seine Schmerzen zu mildem. Nach alledem bestünde also die Hauptaufgabe des Chirurgen darin, sich vor dem Krebskropf in Acht zu nehmen. Der Schwerpunkt des klinischen Interesses fiele also dahin, sich vor einer Verwechselung mit den relativ gutartigen Kröpfen zu behüten! Was hat man denn nun also für Zeichen, um den Krebskropf zu erkennen? um ihn zu vermeiden? Lücke drückt sich darüber folgendermassen aus : Die Diagnose des Schilddrüsenkrebses beruht auf der besonderen Art von dessen Wachsthum und auf dem Auf- treten der Lymphdrüsenschwellungen. Wenn eine Stmma, welche lange Zeit still stand, wieder anfangt zu wachsen und schmerz- haft wird, so ist dies besonders nach dem 35i bis 40. Jahre in hohem Grade verdächtig; wenn dies Wachsthum langsam vor- schreitet, keine Cystenbildung in der Struma sich zeigt und wenn nun Lymphdrüsen -Anschwellungen entstehen, so ist die Diagnose Die Chirurg. Behandlung der carcinomatösen Struma (des Krebskropfes). 8 sicher. Daza kommen die frühzeitigen Schlingbeschwerden und die Beschaffenheit des Tumors, besonders seine gewöhnlich betracht- liche Härte, welche nicht nur dem Scirrhus, sondern auch dem Drüsenkrebs eigen ist. Lücke halt den Verlauf des Schilddrüsen- krebses im Allgemeinen für einen langsamen. Lebert ist darüber wohl mit Recht anderer Meinung. „Die ang^Iichen Fälle yon Jahre langem Verlauf des Schilddrüsen- krebses beruhen wohl auf diagnostischen Irrthümem'', sagt Lebert. »Die rasche Entwickelung der Schilddrüsengeschwulst, das Älter der Kranken zwischen 40 und 60 Jahren, das schon frühe Leiden der allgemeinen Gesundheit, Abmagerung, schlechter Teint, Ver- last der Kräfte, trübe Stimmung, schlaflose Nächte sichern in der Regel*, nach Lebert 's Meinung, „allein schon die Diagnose.'' «Hierzu kommt denn noch gewöhnlich die ganze Reihe der Com- pressions*Erscheinungen auf Kehlkopf und Luftröhre, auf die Zweige des Vagus, auf die Halsgefässe, auf die Bifurcation der Trachea hinter dem Stemum, die entweder weiche, lappige Markschwamm- geschwulst oder der harte, höckerige Scirrhus, die Entwickelung grosser Lymphdrüsengeschwülste am Halse; bei Verstopfung der oberen Hohlader livides Oedem des Gesichtes, des Halses, selbst der oberen Gliedmassen. Könnte im Anfang noch Zweifel bleiben, so würde ihn der rasche Verlauf bald heben.* Schon Dieffen- bach in seiner operativen Chirurgie hat sich im Jahre 1848 vom rein praktischen Standpunkte gegen die Operation des Krebskropfes au^esprochen. Seine Worte sind: »Wenn wir Alles, was wir aus den Werken der Schriftsteller über die Operation grosser, gleich- massig harter oder selbst scirrhöser Kröpfe wissen, nochmals über- blicken, so müssen wir mit Schaudern an diese tollkühnen Unter- nehmungen denken." Nichts ist im Stande gewesen, seine Meinung über die Verwerflichkeit der Exstirpation des harten und scirrhö- sen Kropfes wankend zu machen. Nur die Fälle der Struma glan- dolosa halt er nach seinen Erfahrungen für operabel, wenn sie nicht sehr gross, isolirt und beweglich sind. So steht also schon Dieffenbach auf demselben Standpunkte, welcher bis jetzt in die Neuzeit hinein galt; nur diejenigen Fälle von Kropf überhaupt wurden exstirpirt, dei'en Operation für das Leben ganz unnütz. In meinem Vortrag über den Kropftod und die totale Exstirpation der Kröpfe, der ganzen Schilddrüse, habe ich den entgegengesetz- 4 Dr. Edxn. Rose, ten Grundsatz ausgesprochen. Bei der Grefahr, welche selbst den unscheinbarsten Operationen an Kröpfen anerkanntermassen an- haftet, möchte man eher vor diesen Operationen warnen, deren Zweck doch höchstens ein kosmetischer sein kann. Umgekehrt sind es gerade die verpönten harten Kröpfe, welche unsere Thä- tigkeit herausfordern. Ich habe zu zeigen versucht, wie gerade diese harten Kröpfe zur entzündlichen Erweichung der Luftröhre und damit direct zum Tode fuhren. Die harten Kröpfe unter so verzweifelten Umstanden zu operiren, halte ich für Gewissens- pflicht. Die entzündliche Erweichung der Luftröhre beim Kropf ist das Analogon der Fibrintamponnade beim Croup; die Operation beider eine gleiche Pflicht für den Chirurgen. Für diese Fälle habe ich Ihnen vor einem Jahre*) die totale Exstirpation der Schilddrüse nach vorausgeschickter substrumöser Tracheotomie empfohlen und Ihnen zwei **) in dieser Weise einfach geheilte Fälle vorgestellt. Mit der richtigen Würdigung der Gefahr habe ich das Entsetzen vor der Operation verloren. Gilt das nun auch für die Operation des Krebskropfes in gleicher Weise , wie für den harten Kropf? Schon vor einem halben Jahre, wie Sie sich erinnern, habe ich Ihnen über die Exstirpation eines Krebskropfes •**) berichten können. nHerr Gemeinderath X. St. kann nur durch eine Operation vor dem bald sicher eintretenden ErstickungS' und Hungertode gerettet werden'', hiess es in dem Begleitschreiben des Hausarztes. In der That halte bei dem 56 Jahre alten Kranken, welcher von jeher einen Kropf gehabt , der ihm eng machte, seit dem Ende October 1876 sich ein rapides Wachsthum eingestellt, so dass es schon Ende März zu einem fast tödtlichen Erstickungsanfall kam. Das Schlimmste aber war, dass Patient bei seiner Aufnahme in das Zürcher Can- tonspital am 10. Aprü eigentlich schon seit 6 Wochen im Verhungern war. Festes konnte Patient schon längere Zeit nicht schlucken , und nur das ging hinunter, was yollstandig aufgeweicht werden konnte. Aber wie! Schluck für Schluck und dennoch mit stetem Verschluckem. Obgleich der Kranke an täglichen Wein* oder Schnapsgenuss gewöhnt, habe ich am 14. April die Exstirpation der sarcomatösen linken Kropfhälfte nach vorausgeschickter substrumöser Tracheotomie in der verengten Luftröhre vorgenommen. Die Vena jugularis communis wurde ganz unten unterbunden, •) Vgl. den Bericht über die cantonale Versammlung der Züricher Aerzte in Zürich den 13. Nov. 1876 im Correspondenzblatt für Schweizer Aerzte. **) Sitzung vom 24. Febr. 1876 des Vereins Zürcher Aerzte loc. cit. ***) Cfr. Fall 7. und den Bericht über die cant. Versamml. Zürcher Aerzte in Meilen, April 1877, im Correspondenzblatt für Schweizer Aerzte. Die Chirurg. Behandlung der carcinomatösen Struma (des Krebskropfes). 5 die Carotis communis excidirt, der Nerrus yagus und phrenicus ohne Ver- letzung freigelegt; Epiglottis und Aorta lagen als Qrenzen in der Wunde. Ueber 82 Ligaturen blieben in derselben, welche durch die Ausdehnung der 48Ctm. im Längsumfang, 32 Ctm. im Breitenumfang betragenden, 2 Vj Pfd. schweren Geschwulst längs der Wirbelsaule eine mehr als beabsichtigte Grösse gewonnen hatte. Der erste £rfolg war nicht so übel, die Blutung stand ganz Tollstandig, die Warme des Körpers war eine ganz normale. Ein dankbarer Blick des Kranken dräckte seine Freude aus , als er zum ersten Mal wieder seit langer Zeit vor unseren Augen durch den nackt daliegenden Oesophagus in einem Zug ein ganzes Wasserglas voll Wein ohne abzusetzen hinunter- storzen konnte. Allein dieser Erfolg sollte nicht lange dauern. Ohne Spur einer Nachblutung oder ein sonstiges Ereigniss coUabirte der Kranke am an- deren Morgen. — Wider Erwarten ergab dann noch die Section , dass auch der zoruckgelassene unscheinbare rechte'' Lappen der Schilddrüse und einige kleine Drüsen unter der Bronchientheilung sarcomatös entartet waren. Ich musste danach schon damals zu dem Schluss kommen, dass sich wohl auch beim Krebskropf, wenn er durch Erweichung der Luftröhre Erstickungsanfälle setzt, die Exstirpation mit vor- ausgeschickter substrumöser Tracheotomie ausführen lasse, selbst wenn er weit unter das Brustbein reicht. Auf der anderen Seite bot der Fall ein grosses Interesse dar, weil er lehrte, dass unter Umstanden der Verhungerungstod als letztes Mittel die Kropf- exstirpation erfordern kann. Freilich musste man sich nun drittens sagen, dass dieser Verhungerungszustand bei einer so eingreifenden Operation, bei einem so beträchtlichen Alter, bei der Gewöhnung an Alcoholica gewiss sehr stark beim schliesslichen CoUaps des Kranken betheiligt war. Endlich aber lehrte der Fall gerade für unsere Frage hier, wie misslich es mit der Radicalcur des Krebs- kropfes ist. üeberzeugt, es mit einem primären, isolirten, abge- kapselten Kropfsarcom zu thun zu haben, gingen wir an das schwere Werk; die sauere Mähe wurde durch das Bewusstsein be- lohnt, alles Bösartige entfernt zu haben, und siehe da, wider Ver- muthen zeigten sich auch in der äusserlich scheinbar ganz gesunden Seite, ja in den unzugänglichen Bronchialdrüsen, die Anfange neuer Herde! Seitdem bin ich noch einmal in die Lage gekommen, des drohenden Hungertodes wegen zur Operation zu schreiten. Leider handelte es sich wieder um einen stark in Alcoholicis thätigen ^nn, einen Gastwirth yon 46 Jahren, der erst seit 7 Monaten die Entstehung eines Kropfes an seinem Halse bemerkt, ihn sofort mit allen möglichen Mitteln ^kämpft hat, jedoch vergeblich. Während er selbst um 25 Pfd. abgenommen, ^chs der Kropf stetig; eine Kur in Tölz war vergeblich, auch andere aus- 6 Dt. Edm. Rose, wältige Kliniker riethen zur Ezstiipatlon. Spät endlich entschloss er sielt dazu, oder yielmehr liess ihm die Familie seinen Willen, als er eben nur noch trinken nnd ganz aufgeweichte Brodbissen mit Unterbrechung und anter Schmer- zen nach mehrmaligem Ansetzen schliesslich hinunterschwemmen konnte. Ich entfernte ihm deshalb seinen grossen Kropf an der rechten Seite, der den Kehlkopf ganz nach links yersehoben hatte; zu meinem Erstaunen war er in einem fingerdicken, harten, entzündetem Bindegewebe eingebettet, so dass bei seiner Entfernung schon 87 Ligaturen sich in der Wunde angelegt fanden. Die biosgelegte Trachea öffnete ich in diesem Falle nicht , weil zwar etwas Dyspnoe, jedoch nie von hohem Grade existirt hatte, sich die blossgelegte Trachea nicht erweicht anfühlte und mit ihrer Rückkehr an die normale Stätte die leichte Athemnoth, hoffte ich, ganz verschwinden würde. Dagegen ver- anlasste mich der auffallende Befund bei der Operation, die ungewöhnlich starke Peristrumitis indurativa, ebenso wie der ganz ausserordentliche Blutreich- thum, der selbst capillar noch so stark war, dass ich mich gleich noch zur Tamponade mit Tanninsalicylwatte veranlasst sah, sofort nach der Exstirpa- tion dieser grösseren Kropfhälfte dazu, sie aufzuschneiden. Wie überrascht war ich, darin wieder eine bösartige Neubildung schon mit blossem Auge zu entdecken, ein alveolares Carcinom, wie die spätere Untersuchung ergab. Ich begnügte mich demnach also mit dem, was ich gemacht. Leider musste der Kranke nun noch obendrein nach der langen Narcose schwererbrechen, nichts- destoweniger ging es anscheinend am folgenden Tage ganz leidlich. Am dritten jedoch collabirte auch er, ohne dass trotz alles Erbrechens ein Tropfen nachgeblutet hätte. Gerade dieses nach solchen schweren Operationen so störenden Erbrechens wegen bin ich jetzt froh, in dem Apparat des Hm. Prof. Dr. Junker eine so wesentliche Erleichterung für die Narcose gefunden za haben. Gerade für die hier so bösartigen Narcosen bei Säufern und Kropf- kranken, bei der hier so starken Verbreitung fettiger Degenerationen am Herz- muskel, kann ich Ihnen diesen Apparat wegen seiner Ersparung an Chloroform gar nicht genug empfehlen. Was lehrte nun bei unserem Falle die Section? Neben exquisitem Hydrops der Pia, Fettleber und Fettherz fand sich auch in der scheinbar gesunden Seite der Schilddrüse ein Herd, vor Allem aber waren zahllose Knoten durch die Lungen verstreut. Obgleich der Kropf erst 7 Monate alt, obgleich keine Lymph- druse am Hals betheiligt, war dennoch also die Erebskrankheit generalisirt ; auch hier konnte also wieder von einer Radicalcor nicht die Bede sein. Und das schon bei einem Kranken, bei dem vor vollendeter Operation höchstens das schnelle Wachsen des Kropfes und gerade das Vorwiegen der Schluckbeschwerden allen- falls die Vermuthong der Krebsnatur hätten können aafkommen lassen. Sonst nichts, am wenigsten die äussere Beschaffenheit der Geschwulst selbst, die gar nichts Ungewöhnliches darbot. So haben Sie also hier 2 Beispiele, die recht charakteristisch die malignen Die Chirurg. Behandlung der carcinomaiösen Struma (des Krebskropfes). 7 Degenerationen des Kropfes, das eine für die Sarcome, das andere for die Cardnome, in klinischer Beziehung kennzeichnen! Beide Male haben wir es mit Neubildungen zu thun, die äusserlich noch so abgekapselt sind, wie irgend denkbar, wie sich es der Opera^ teor an allen anderen Orten nur irgend wünschen kann für seinen Erfolg. Von Aufbruch keine Rede, nirgends ist die Haut, die Mnsculatur verwachsen, im letzteren Falle ahnte noch Niemand in der Umgebung des Kranken etwas Böses von der Natur des Kreb- ses, — auch die Aerzte hielten sich für diese Annahme nicht b^ rechtigt — , und beide Male kommt der Chirurg trotzdem bereits mit der Operation zu spät. Ist es etwa stets der Fall, dass beim Krebskropf, so wie diese Diagnose wirklich vorher gestellt werden kann, der Chirurg bereits viel zu spät das Messer gebraucht? Die Exstirpation des Krebskropfes mit und ohne substrumöse Tracheo* tomie, je nach Bedürfniss, lässt sich ausfuhren, das leidet keinen Zweifel ; vielleicht werden die Verhältnisse nicht stets *) so ungünstig liegen, wie in den mitgetheilten 2 Fällen, wo der Verhungerungs- zustand mit dem Alcoholismns bei schon bestehender Generali- sation wetteiferten, die grosse Operation scheitern zu machen. Zwecklos jedoch wird eine solche stets bleiben, wenn es doch nicht gelingt, der Verbreitung der malignen Neubildungen im Kör- per zuvorzukommen. Dass sich diese auf die Dauer in ihrer Ver- breitung durch das Messer unterdrücken lassen, lehrt ja die Er- fahrung; sie würde es hier noch häufiger lehren, wenn uns auch allgemein sonst häufiger die primären Herde firühzeitig unter die Hände kämen. Die schlechten Erfolge der Krebsoperationen hän- gen in Bezug auf die Sadicalcur zweifellos auch sonst zumeist davon ab, dass die krebsige Natur des Leidens so oft viel zu spät erkannt wird. Wie steht es damit nun insbesondere bei unserem Fall? Zur Würdigung der Operation des Krebskropfes bleibt uns nichts Anderes übrig, als die eigene Erfahrung, die sparsamen Fälle, welche in der Literatur zugleich Verlauf und Section ergeben, Sie, verehrte Herren Collegen, zur gemeinsamen Berathung über die Frage heranzu- ziehen, wie erkennt man den Krebskropf vor der Generalisation ? Oder sollten unsere 2 Fälle am Ende nicht allein dastehen und sich gar zeigen, dass das operable Stadium des Krebskropfes nicht mit einiger Sicherheit erkennbar ist? dass man es höchstens einmal *) YgL den bekannten Fall von Schall. 8 Dr. Edm. Rose, durch Zufall trifft? Nach Lebert's und Lücke's Worten dürfte man das allerdings nicht vermuthen! Studiren wir also einmal die einzelnen Zeichen des Krebs- kropfes auf ihren Werth, nach dem geringen Material, das über- haupt existirt, nach den geringen Daten, die uns hier in Zürich darüber zugänglich sind. Die Tabelle, welche ich hier vor mir habe, enthält ausser den 7 genauer von mir beobachteten Fällen nur noch 17 andere, von denen mir ein grosser Theil auch nur in den Auszügen, die Lebert giebt, zugänglich war. Bei den ersten 12 von diesen Fällen wurden chirurgische Eingriffe gemacht, oft geringfügigster Art, wie z. B. eine Explorativpunction ; 10 davon überlebten den Eingriff, so weit die vorliegenden Notizen es zu berechnen gestatten, durchschnittlich nur 9 Tage 12 Stunden. Bei 7 von ihnen, bei denen ich darüber Anhaltspunkte für die Berech- nung finde, scheint die Dauer der ganzen Erebskrankheit 6,3 Mo- nate betragen zu haben. Bei den 12 anderen Fällen meiner Liste, wo gar nicht operirt wurde, scheint die Lebensdauer seit Beginn der Krankheit bis zum Tode sich auch nur auf 7,8 Monat erstreckt zu haben; die Extreme sind 9 Wochen und IV2 Jahr. Aus dem Unterschied beider Zahlen (6,3 dort, 7,8 hier) darf man jedoch nicht schliessen, dass die Verkürzung Folge der Operation gewesen ; man braucht bloss die Tabelle zu überblicken, um zu sehen, dass im ersten Dutzend gerade die Fälle sind, welche an örtUchen Ge- fahr drohenden Leiden zu Grunde gingen, während in diesem gerade solche sich finden, die ohne gefahrliche locale Complica- tionen einfach an allgemeiner Carcinose starben. Jedenfalls, wie dem nun auch sei, scheint sich doch gerade daraus zu ergeben, wie rapid im Allgemeinen der Verlauf des Krebskropfes ist. Wenn Lücke trotz der Bemerkung von Lebert von Jahre langem Ver- lauf des Krebskropfes sich überzeugt haben will, so habe ich hier in Zürich noch nichts davon gesehen. Ich bemerke beiläufig, dass alle 24 Fälle Carcinome in ihrer verschiedenen Art betreffen, bis auf 3 Fälle von mir, welche aus Sarcomen bestanden. Ich betrachte letztere nicht besonders, weil ich im Einzelnen nichts Abweichendes habe auffinden können. Auf der anderen Seite ist bekannt, zu welchem Umfang der Krebskropf fuhren kann, wenn auch freilich die Alibert'schen Riesenkröpfe nicht dieser Natur zu sein pflegen. Der Umfang und die kurze Dauer im Verein ergeben uns so aber, Die Chirurg. Behandlung der carcinomatösen Struma (des Krebskropfes). 9 das, wie mir scheint, beste Zeichen für den Krebskropf, nämlich die allwöchentlich messbare Umfangszunahme des Halses*). Wenn diese Zunahme stetig anhält, so wird dies Verhältniss kaum von einer rapiden Cystenentwickelung oder Strumitis erreicht. Dieser Cha- rakter ist um so auffallender, als der Erebskropf dabei subcutan zu bleiben pflegt, ja oft trotz allen Wachsthums, wie der Hoden- krebs in seiner Tunica albuginea, so in der Schilddrüsenkapsel ge- nügen bleibt Ich habe noch keinen Erebskropf gesehen, welcher vor dem Tode von selbst ulcerirt wäre, und in dem zweiten Dutzend von Fällen der Tabelle scheint auch kein solcher gewesen 2u sein. Im ersten dagegen sehen wir, wie fast regelmässig selbst dem unbedeutendsten Eingriff, sogar dem Wegebahnenden Explorativ- troicart, der Aufbruch und die Verjauchung folgt. Werden später die Cenricaldrüsen befallen, so scheinen sie meist mit der Schild- drüse in eine dem tastenden Finger untrennbare Masse zu ver- schmelzen. Wir trennen hier deshalb in der Betrachtung auch nicht Sarcome und Carcinome, da ihr klinisches Hauptunter- scheidungsmittel , die Gegenwart oder der Mangel distinct fühlbarer Drusenschwellungen, bei den malignen Kröpfen mich stets bis jetzt im Stich gelassen hat. Dazu kommt, dass es ohne Messer zu-' weilen nicht möglich ist, isolirte Eropfknoten, Nebenkröpfe von Lymphdrüsengeschwälsten, zu unterscheiden. Die seltenen Fälle, wo ich neben wachsenden Kröpfen Lymph- drusen isolirt vorfand oder entstehen sah, betrafen fast niemals maligne Eröpfe. Ich für mein Theil kenne kein Zeichen, welches für den Erebskropf so charakteristisch wäre, als das stete Wachsen einer subcutanen Struma; allein fragen wir uns nun umgekehrt, kann man darauf hin sein Frimärstadium schon diagnosticiren, so lehrt die Erfahrung mehrerlei Momente, wodurch dies Zeichen sehr verliert. Dass alte Eröpfe, auch ohne Strumitis und Cystenbildung, oft zeitweise plötzlich zu wachsen anfangen, ist bekannt. Wenn sonst kein Beweis vorliegt, kann man daraus allein nicht auf Krebskropf schliessen; nur das Anhalten des Wachsens ist bewei- send. Bei der kurzen Dauer der Erankheit und der Schnelligkeit der Generalisation — das lehrt der letzte Fall — versäumt man leider über dem Warten manchmal die richtige Zeit zur Operation. Und gerade in diesem Falle war der Umfang noch nicht ein so •) VgL den letzten FaU. 10 Dr. Edm. Rose, ansserordentlicher , dass er allein die Annahme eines Krebses ge- rechtfertigt hatte. Dazu kam noch ein zweiter Umstand, der mich im letzten Falle am meisten von dieser Annahme abgebracht hat. Das war die Wirksamkeit der inneren Mittel gegen diesen Kropf. Auch dieser Fall hat mir, wie mehrere andere*), gezeigt, dass selbst die carcinomatöse Form der Struma sich in Etwas von der gewöhnlichen Kropftherapie beherrschen lässt Es ist dieser Erfolg zweifellos, mit dem Centimeterband messbar, freilich aber vergäng- licher Natur, gerade aber doch gross genug, um bei Mangel son- stiger Anhaltspunkte den Arzt in der Diagnose einer cardnösen Struma irre zu machen. Gerade um an diesen Punkt zu erinnern, bediene ich mich stets in der Klinik des Ausdruckes Krebskropf, Struma sarcomatosa etc., und rede möglichst wenig von Carcino- men der Schilddrüse, weil ich mich überzeugt halte nach den Re- sultaten, welche die Messungen bei solchen therapeutischen Ver- suchen ergaben, dass meist mit der Entwickelung eines Krebsherdes der übrige Kropf in einfacher Weise mitwächst, wie die Scheiden- haut beim Hodenkrebs. Jedenfalls ist das sicher, dass ein Erfolg der Therapie, wie wir sie beim einfachen Kropf anwenden, beim Krebskropf diese Diagnose nicht widerlegt. Wird ein alter Kropf, der nie behandelt war, krebsig, so ist die Wirksamkeit des Jods beispielsweise nicht aufEedlend. Der Halsumfang schwindet durch die Jodwirknng , könnte man denken , indem das Fett und die alten Kropftheile abnehmen, trotz der Zunahme des Krebsknotens ; allein solche Fälle, wie der letzte, wo der Kropf überhaupt erst mit der Krebsentwickelung bemerkbar wird und doch die Jodtherapie eine zeitweilige Abnahme zeigt, scheinen dafür zu sprechen, dass die Krebsentwickelung die unbetheiligten Kropftheile zum Wachsen in ihrer Weise veranlasst, und dass diese hyperplastischen Neben- vorgänge trotz der Krebsentwickelung so stark vom Jod beeinflusst werden können, dass der ganze Krebskropf bei solcher Cur kleiner wird, freilich nur auf einige Zeit. Endlich giebt es noch einen dritten Punkt, der dies Cardinal- phänomen des Krebskropfes in seinem Werth sehr beeinträchtigt. Es unterliegt keinem Zweifel, dass man an primärem Krebskropf zu Grunde gehen kann, ohne dass der Kropf selbst bis zum Tode am Halse durchgefühlt werden konnte. ♦) Vgl. den FaU L ändert. Die Chirurg. Behandlung der carcinomatösen Stnuna (des Krebskropfes). 11 Einen solchen Fall habe ich selbst vor Jahren erlebt. Ich wurde bei Nacht in das Cantonspital gerufen, weil auf der inne- ren Abtheilung ein Kranker im Ersticken lag. Die ausgesprochen- sten Erscheinungen der Bronchostenose, wie bei einem Groupkind! Ein Kropf war nicht zu fühlen. Ein anderer Grund jedoch trotz lOtagiger Beobachtung auch nicht herauszubringen gewesen. Die Laryngotomie hatte keinen Erfolg, die Section zeigte, dass ein Erebskropf in der Tiefe des Halses sich ganz flach entwickelt hatte. Oben hatte er den Anfang der Speiseröhre durchwuchert, Longe und Zwerchfell waren mit Knoten übersäet. Die Todesursache jedoch war eine Wucherung, welche 4 Ctm. unter dem Ringknorpel sobstemal in die Trachea gedrungen und im Kampf mit meiner Tracheotomiecanüle zerfetzt, aber nicht hinlänglich zerstört war, om die Passage ganz frei zu machen. Also ein Erstickungstod in Folge eines nicht fühlbaren Kropfes und noch dazu eines bereits generalisirten Krebskropfes! Welch' Gegensatz zu der vulgären Meinung, als wären gerade die Riesenkröpfe carcinöser Natur! Wenden wir uns jetzt zu den sonstigen Zeichen, an denen man die maligne Natur der Tumoren zu erkennen pflegt, so treten nns in positiver und negativer Weise die Schmerzen entgegen. In der That sahen wir zuweilen heftige ausstrahlende Schmerzen be- sonders in das Ohr, den Nacken und den Arm auftreten, allein aasdrucklich erwähnt werden sie in den 24 Fällen meiner Tabelle nur 5 Mal. Dazu kommt, dass Kropfkranke ja auch sonst leicht neuralgische Schmerzen, wenigstens in die Ohr- und Nackengegend, bekommen, so z. B. schon manchmal nach einfachen parenchyma- tösen Jodeinspritzungen in Luton's Art Auf der anderen Seite pflegt der Krebs, so lange noch nicht die Haut mitbetheiligt, gegen Druck unempfindlich zu sein, und man ist geneigt, bei schnell wachsenden Strumen aus der Empfind- lichkeit auf entzündliche Vorgänge zu schliessen. Es ist bekannt, wie oft schon der Krebskropf punctirt worden ist, weil man glaubte, der empfindliche Tumor, der jetzt immer deutlicher fluctuirt, immer mehr vorspringt, immer empfindlicher und röther wird, könne gar nichts Anderes als einen Abscess, eine vereiterte Cyste dar- stellen, zumal wenn die Besitzer noch jung waren. Eine schnelle Verjauchung belehrt dur(fhschnittlich in 10 Tagen über den Irr- thun. Solche Verwechselungen kommen auch an anderen Theilen 12 Dr. Edm. Rose, vor. Wenn wir bei den localen Zeichen des Krebskropfes stehen bleiben, so liegt, wie an anderen Orten, die Gestaltung seiner Ober- fläche zu beachten nahe; die vielbuckelige Gestalt der Krebse ist ja sonst oft so durchschlagend. Davon ist hier natürlich auch nicht viel Einsicht zu erlangen, da beim einfachen Kropf so oft sich Knollen durch isolirte Hyperplasie und coUoide Degenerationen einerseits, durch die Jodinjectionen andererseits bilden. Lässt doch schon Virchow den Albers'schen**) Fall von scirrhösem Kropf, der sich dadurch besonders auszeichnete, gar nicht dafür gelten, sondern fand in ihm den gewöhnlichen Colloidkropf wieder! Mir ist es auch in einzelnen, durch die Section bestätigten Fällen gerade umgekehrt aufgefallen, wie durch das schnelle Wachsen sich die Geschwülste rund und glatt dabei gestalten. Die Weichheit, und zwar eine für den tastenden Finger oft herdweise an der glatten Oberfläche eindrückbare Beschaffenheit, eine verminderte Wider- standsfähigkeit des Krebskropfes am Halse des noch Lebenden ist mir mehrmals sehr auffaUig und charakteristisch***) vorgekommen. War andererseits der Krebskropf hart, so, zeigt Fall 8, ist es manchmal nur Folge einer stark entwickelten Peristrumitis indu- rativa. *) Ueber den Kropftod. Fall 3. L an dort ••) Albers, Atlas Taf. 32. •♦♦) z. B. Fall 2. Die Chirurg. Behandlang der carcinomatösen Struma (des Krebskropfes). 13 Nach der Betrachtung der localen Zeichen, wollen wir jetzt dnen Blick auf die localen Folgen werfen! Wie verhalten sich die so wichtigen Halscanäle gegen den Erebskropf? Es ist mir im höchsten Grade angefallen, wie die Leiden der Speisewege so sehr ml mehr beim Krebskropf uns entgegengetreten, als die Beschwer- den der Luftwege oder die Folgen bei anderen Kropfarten. Der Erebskropf macht mit der Zeit auch Dyspnoe, ja Orthopnoe, allein man sieht sie recht oft wieder vergehen. Die Kranken gewöhnen sich bald an die manchmal ausserordentlichsten Verschiebungen der Luftwege. Eine entziindliche Luftröhrenerweichung mit oder ohne Stenose scheint bei Krebskropf sehr viel seltener vorzukommen, als bei anderen grossen Kröpfen, und rührt das wohl daher, dass in dem Alter, wo sich der Krebskropf entwickelt, meist schon das Halsskelet ganz rigide, verknöchert und deshalb schon ohnehin gegen den Andrang der noch dazu meist so weichen Krebsmasse mehr geschützt ist, als beim Kropf in der Jugend. Auf der an- deren Seite handelte es sich in den beiden Fällen von Krebskropf, die an Erweichung unter meinen Augen litten, notorisch um sehr alte Kröpfe, so dass diese Veränderung wahrscheinlich schon vor- lag oder im Gange war, als der Kropf krebsig wurde*). Dasselbe sdieint auch in den anderen, so seltenen Fällen der Literatur der Fall gewesen zu sein, welche an Tracheostenose beim Krebskropf gestorben sein sollen. Viel häufiger beruht die Athemnoth dabei auf anderen Umständen, zunächst der krebsigen Infiltration der Luftwege, die ihre Wandungen fixirt, steif macht, aber durch- gängig erhält, also keine Bronchostenose macht, falls sich nicht schon vor der Krebsentwickelung eine Kropfstenose vorfand. In anderen Fällen sehen wir metastatisch in den Lungen eine ganze Heerde Krebsknoten sich bilden und die Athemfläche immer mehr beschranken, jedoch ohne dass es auch hier gleich zu hochgradiger Dyspnoe, Erstickungsanfallen oder gar Asphyxie käme. Die schwersten Zufälle der Art habe ich nur in dem oben erwähnten Falle, wo ein Krebstumor fast die Lichtung der Luft- röhre ausfüllte, gesehen, so wie in einem zweiten, bei dem sich ein Krebsgeschwür (vielleicht in Folge der Kunsthfilfe) bildete, das stetig in die Lungen seinen Detritus entleerte. Umgekehrt wie die Luftwege verhalten sich die Speisewege. *) Ueber den Kropftod Fall 3. und der erste Fall oben (Fall 7). 14 Dr. £dm. Rose, Es ist ganz aufifallend und vielleicht charakteristisch, wie schwer die Emährang oft bei diesen Kranken leidet. Das Körpergewicht nimmt rapide ab, trotzdem die Leute wohl den besten Appetit haben. Allein die Kranken haben oft die ärgsten Stenosen. Es ist, als ob die Härte des senilen Halsskelets gerade besonders die Einwirkung des Krebses gegen die Speiseröhre lenkt. Unsere bei- den Kranken konnten nur noch Flüssiges und das schluckweise, zum Theil mit Hübe und Noth hinabbringen; hochgradige Schling- beschwerden werden in 18 Fällen meiner Tabelle 16 Mal beson- ders hervorgehoben, 2 Mal fehlen sie. Es finden sich da neben einander die Speiseröhre verdrängt, comprimirt, infiltrirt, usurirt, perforirt von Wucherungen. Auch der Decubitus durch das An- drängen des Kehlkopfes mit doppeltem Geschwür vorne und hinten am Pharynx, begleitet durch das Reiben beim Schlucken und Athmen, mit Vereiterung und Caries des Aryknorpelgelenkes und mit Knochenfrass der Wirbelkörper finden wir hier wieder, wie wir das schon früher von den Strumen überhaupt durch Gruveilhier kennen gelernt haben. Die Verdrängungen der Speiseröhre bei Kröpfen sind oft ganz merkwürdig; ich habe sie geradezu recht- winkelig geknickt gefunden; schon Bruns hat wegen Oesophagus- stenose beim Kropf eine nicht glückliche Oesophagotomie gemacht. Oft mnss man zum Catheterismus schreiten. Badical wirkt bei unheilbaren Tumoren natürlich nur die Exstirpation. Wie schön war danach bei dem ersten unserer Kranken, Herrn Gemeinderath JSteger, sofort der Erfolg; hätte er nur länger vorgehalten! Das anhaltende, unaufhaltsame Wachsthum neben der starken Dysphagie scheint mir fast das beste Zeichen des Krebskropfes zu sein. Zum Schluss bleibt mir nur noch übrig, in meiner Betrach- tung Zweierlei hervorzuheben. Zunächst das Alter. 40 — 60 Jahre ist das Alter der Kran- ken nach Lebert, der unter seinen 23 Fällen nur 3 unter 40 Jahren, von 35 Jahren bis 40 Jahre, fand, woneben ein 2jähriges Kind mit secundärem Schilddrüsenkrebs enthalten ist, nur 6 über 60 Jahre bis zu 91 Jahren. Allein schon Lücke hat ein Can- croid bei 36 Jahren, Frerichs ein Sarcom bei 37 Jahren, Bruns ein Mädchen von 27 Jahren, Billroth ein Mädchen von 25 Jahren mit Carcinom beobachtet Den jüngsten Fall erlebte Schuh bei einem ungarischen Dienstmädchen, welches nur 16 Jahre alt war. Die Chirurg. Behandlung der carcinomatösen Struma (des Krebskropfes)« 15 Mein jängster Erebskropffall war 38 Jahre alt. Das mitüere Alter der (25) FäUe in meiner Tabelle ist 53,7 Jahre. Auf der anderen Seite, wer wird zugeben, dass ein Wachsen der Struma an sich nach dem 40. Jahre allein schon die Erebsentwickelung beweist, sicherstellt, wie Lebert sagt? Denn wenn er hinzufugt das Mit- leiden der Gesundheit, Abmagerung, schlechter Teint, Verlust der Kräfte, schlechte Stimmung, schlaflose Nächte, so sind das ja alles notorisch unwesentliche Dinge, die sich ganz ebenso bei allen Kropf- kranken ohne Ausnahme finden, denen es an den Kragen zu gehen droht Die Compressionserscheinungen, die Configuration des Tu- mors, die Drüsengeschwülste, die Venenobturation, die er dann noch hinzulegt, haben wir schon gewürdigt, und theils nicht wichtig und beweisend genug gefunden, theils rerrathen sie eben das Generali- sationsstadium des Krebskropfes, bei dem unser Interesse mit der Handgreiflichkeit der Erscheinungen längst erschöpft ist Lebert's Symptomatologie lässt uns also trotz ihrer scheinbaren Sicherheit vollständig im Stich! Lücke hat sich vorsichtiger ausgedrückt, er basirt die Diagnose auf dem Wachsthum nach dem 85. Tage nnd den Drüsen. Wird dies Wachsen schmerzhaft, ohne Cysten- bildong zu zeigen, dagegen mit Drüsenschwellungen, so ist der Verdacht einer krebsartigen Neubildung gesichert Die Härte und Schlingbeschwerden fügt er hinzu. Die Härte haben wir nie charakteristisch gefunden. Die harten Kröpfe, die ich sah, sind meist durch die Lu ton 'sehen Inj ectionen gemacht üeber die Unsicherheit und Bedeutung der anderen Symptome haben wir uns ausgelassen. Es bleibt zum Schluss nur seine Angabe zu betrachten, dass sich keine Cystenbildung beim Wachsen zeigen darf, um die Krebsdiagnose zu sichern. Dass diese Behauptung gerade sehr irrig und zu grossen Täuschungen fahren kann, damit will ich hier meine Erörterung schliessen. Unter den 12 Fällen meiner Tafel, in denen ich oder andere ab- sichtlich oder unabsichtlich zu Operationen beim Krebskropf ver- anlasst wurden , befinden sich 2 Fälle von Laryngotomie, die jedes )Ial Erstickung halber bei unfuhlbarem oder sehr kleinem Kropf gemacht wurden, und scheiterten, weil der Krebskropf die Luft- röhre durchwuchert hatte. In 5 Fällen wurde (die 2 von mir mitgerechnet) die Zerstörung oder Exstirpation von vorneherein beabsichtigt In 2 von diesen und den 5 anderen Fällen hat man 16 Jh. Edm. Rose, (und zwar Lücke, Billroth, Schuh, Poamet, Demme and ich) zuerst mit einer Cyste zu thun gehabt oder geglaubt zu thun zu haben. Dass in der Praxis gewiss oft genug gerade bei der so tauschenden Pseudofluctuation gewöhnlicher Strumahyperplasieen, noch mehr aber der Krebskröpfe, zur Explorativpunction , wie es hinterher heisst, geschritten wird, kann man wohl mit Sicherheit annehmen. Dass oft genug diese Punction, wenn sie in einen ab- gekapselten Knoten hinein stattfindet, nicht gleich zur allgemeinen Verjauchung fuhrt*), sondern nur aus dem Knoten eine Art Brei- cyste nach Art des Bühring'schen, von Billroth aufgenom- menen Operationsplanes, der subcutanen Zerreissung einfacher Kropf- knoten, macht, ist wohl glaublich. Etwas Aehnliches ist vielleicht (?) in einem von mir beobachteten und dem Lücke 'sehen Falle ge- schehen, wo nach von anderer Seite vorausgeschickten fruchtlosen Punctionen Lücke durch den Schnitt gelbröthliche, fadenziehende Flüssigkeit und dann braunrothe und gelbliche bröckelige Massen entleerte. In einem Falle, der mir dann in^s Spital geschickt wurde, hatte die vor- ausgeschickte Panction eine Jaucheentleerende Fistel zur Folge, die mich zur Spaltung veranlasste, wobei sich dann theilsCoagula, theils gangränöse Fetzen, theils verkalkte Massen aus der Höhle entfernen liessen. Trotz der Entspan- nung griff die Eiterung um sich, was uns schon stutzig machte; die Kranke coUabirte und die Section erwies als Basis ein verjauchendes Sarcom. | 38,668 |
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0f14717195f641628edf8034a2e9ac7b | French Open Data | Open Government | Licence ouverte | 2,020 | Code de l'environnement, article Annexe (4) à l'article R511-9 | LEGI | French | Spoken | 12,614 | 20,065 | Annexe (4) à l'article R511-9 N° A-NOMENCLATURE DES INSTALLATIONS CLASSEES Désignation de la rubrique A, E, D, S, C (1) (a) Rayon (2) 2515 1. Installations de broyage, concassage, criblage, ensachage, pulvérisation, lavage, nettoyage, tamisage, mélange de pierres, cailloux, minerais et autres produits minéraux naturels ou artificiels ou de déchets non dangereux inertes, en vue de la production de matériaux destinés à une utilisation, à l'exclusion de celles classées au titre d'une autre rubrique ou de la sous-rubrique 2515-2. La puissance maximale de l'ensemble des machines fixes pouvant concourir simultanément au fonctionnement de l'installation, étant : a) Supérieure à 200 kW E - b) Supérieure à 40 kW, mais inférieure ou égale à 200 kW D - 2. Installations de broyage, concassage, criblage, mélange de pierres, cailloux, minerais et autres produits minéraux naturels ou artificiels ou de déchets non dangereux inertes extraits ou produits sur le site de l'installation, fonctionnant sur une période unique d'une durée inférieure ou égale à six mois. La puissance maximale de l'ensemble des machines fixes pouvant concourir simultanément au fonctionnement de l'installation, étant : a) Supérieure à 350 kW E - b) Supérieure à 40 kW, mais inférieure ou égale à 350 kW D - 2516 Station de transit de produits minéraux pulvérulents non ensachés tels que ciments, plâtres, chaux, sables fillérisés ou de déchets non dangereux inertes pulvérulents, la capacité de transit étant : 1. Supérieure à 25 000 m³ E 2. Supérieure à 5 000 m³ mais inférieure ou égale à 25 000 m³. D 2517 Station de transit, regroupement ou tri de produits minéraux ou de déchets non dangereux inertes autres que ceux visés par d'autres rubriques, la superficie de l'aire de transit étant : 1. Supérieure à 10 000 m2 E - 2. Supérieure à 5 000 m2, mais inférieure ou égale à 10 000 m2 D - 2518 Installation de production de béton prêt à l'emploi équipée d'un dispositif d'alimentation en liants hydrauliques mécanisé, à l'exclusion des installations visées par la rubrique 2522. La capacité de malaxage étant : a) Supérieure à 3 m3 E b) Inférieure ou égale à 3 m3 D Ces activités ne donnent pas lieu à classement sous la rubrique 2515. 2520 Ciments, chaux, plâtres (fabrication de), la capacité de production étant supérieure à 5 t/j A 1 2521 Enrobage au bitume de matériaux routiers (centrale d') : 1. A chaud E - 2. A froid, la capacité de l'installation étant : a) Supérieure à 1 500 t/ j E - b) Supérieure à 100 t/ j, mais inférieure ou égale à 1 500 t/ j D - 2522 Installation de fabrication de produits en béton par procédé mécanique La puissance maximum de l'ensemble du matériel de malaxage et de vibration pouvant concourir simultanément au fonctionnement de l'installation étant : a) Supérieure à 400 kW E - b) Supérieure à 40 kW, mais inférieure ou égale à 400 kW D - Ces activités ne donnent pas lieu à classement sous la rubrique 2515. 2523 Céramiques et réfractaires (fabrication de produits), la capacité de production étant supérieure à 20 t/j A 2 2524 Minéraux naturels ou artificiels tels que le marbre, le granite, l'ardoise, le verre, etc. (Ateliers de taillage, sciage et polissage de). La puissance maximum de l'ensemble des machines fixes pouvant concourir simultanément au fonctionnement de l'installation étant supérieure à 400 kW D - 2530 Verre (fabrication et travail du), la capacité de production des fours de fusion et de ramollissement étant : 1. pour les verres sodocalciques : a) supérieure à 5 t/j A 3 b) supérieure à 500 kg/j, mais inférieure ou égale à 5 t/j D 2. pour les autres verres : a) supérieure à 500 kg/j A 3 b) supérieure à 50 kg/j, mais inférieure ou égale à 500 kg/j D 2531 Verre ou cristal (travail chimique du) Le volume maximum de produit de traitement susceptible d'être présent dans l'installation étant : a) supérieure à 150 l A 1 b) supérieure à 50 l, mais inférieure ou égale à 150 l D 2540 Houille, minerais, minéraux ou résidus métallurgiques (lavoirs à) La capacité de traitement étant supérieure à 10 t/j A 2 2541 Agglomération de houille, charbon de bois, minerai de fer, fabrication de graphite artificiel, la capacité de production étant supérieure à 10 t/j A 1 2545 Acier, fer, fonte, ferro-alliages (fabrication d'), à l'exclusion de la fabrication de ferro-alliages au four électrique lorsque la puissance du (des) four (s) susceptibles de fonctionner simultanément est inférieure à 100 kW A 3 2546 Traitement des minerais non ferreux, élaboration et affinage des métaux et alliages non ferreux (à l'échelle industrielle) à l'exclusion des activités classées au titre de la rubrique 3250. La capacité de production étant : a) Supérieure à 2t/j A 1 b) Supérieure à 100 kg/j mais inférieure ou égale à 2t/j DC 2547 Silico-alliages ou carbure de silicium (fabrication de) au four électrique, lorsque la puissance du (des) four (s) susceptible (s) de fonctionner simultanément dépasse 100 kW (à l'exclusion du ferro-silicium mentionné à la rubrique 2545). A 1 2550 Fonderie (fabrication de produits moulés) de plomb et alliages contenant du plomb (au moins 3 %) La capacité de production étant : 1. supérieure à 100 kg/j A 2 2. supérieure à 10 kg/j, mais inférieure ou égale à 100 kg/j DC 2551 Fonderie (fabrication de produits moulés) de métaux et alliages ferreux La capacité de production étant : 1. supérieure à 10 t/j A 2 2. supérieure à 1 t/j, mais inférieure ou égale à 10 t/j DC 2552 Fonderie (fabrication de produits moulés) de métaux et alliages non ferreux (à l'exclusion de celles relevant de la rubrique 2550) La capacité de production étant : 1. supérieure à 2 t/j A 2 2. supérieure à 100 kg/j, mais inférieure ou égale à 2 t/j DC 2560 Travail mécanique des métaux et alliages, à l'exclusion des activités classées au titre des rubriques 3230-a ou 3230-b. La puissance maximum de l'ensemble des machines fixes pouvant concourir simultanément au fonctionnement de l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure à 1 000 kW E - 2. Supérieure à 150 kW, mais inférieure ou égale à 1 000 kW DC - 2561 Production industrielle par trempe, recuit ou revenu de métaux et alliages DC 2562 Chauffage et traitement industriels par l'intermédiaire de bains de sels fondus. Le volume des bains étant : 1. Supérieur à 500 l A 1 2. Supérieur à 100 l, mais inférieur ou égal à 500 l DC 2563 Nettoyage-dégraissage de surface quelconque, par des procédés utilisant des liquides à base aqueuse ou hydrosolubles à l'exclusion des activités de nettoyage-dégraissage associées à du traitement de surface. La quantité de produit mise en œuvre dans le procédé étant : 1. Supérieure à 7 500 l E 2. Supérieure à 500 l, mais inférieure ou égale à 7 500 DC 2564 Nettoyage, dégraissage, décapage de surfaces par des procédés utilisant des liquides organohalogénés ou des solvants organiques, à l'exclusion des activités classées au titre de la rubrique 3670. 1. Hors procédé sous vide, le volume des cuves affectées au traitement étant : a) Supérieur à 1 500 l E - b) Supérieur à 20 l mais inférieur ou égal à 1 500 l pour les solvants organiques à mention de danger H340, H350, H350i, H360D, H360F ou les liquides organohalogénés à mention de danger H341 ou H351, au sens du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 16 décembre 2008 relatif à la classification, à l'étiquetage et à l'emballage des substances et des mélanges, modifiant et abrogeant les directives 67/548/ CEE et 1999/45/ CE et modifiant le règlement (CE) n° 1907/2006 DC - c) Supérieur à 200 l mais inférieur ou égal à 1 500 l pour les autres liquides organohalogénés ou solvants organiques DC - 2. Pour les procédés sous vide, le volume des cuves affectées au traitement étant supérieur à 200 l DC - 2565 Revêtement métallique ou traitement (nettoyage, décapage, conversion dont phosphatation, polissage, attaque chimique, vibro-abrasion, etc.) de surfaces par voie électrolytique ou chimique, à l'exclusion des activités classées au titre des rubriques 2563, 2564, 3260 ou 3670. 1. Lorsqu'il y a mise en œuvre de : a) Cadmium E - b) Cyanures, le volume des cuves affectées au traitement étant supérieur à 200 l E - 2. Procédé utilisant des liquides, le volume des cuves affectées au traitement étant : a) Supérieur à 1 500 l E - b) Supérieur à 200 l, mais inférieur ou égal à 1 500 l DC - 3. Traitement en phase gazeuse ou autres traitements DC - 4. Vibro-abrasion, le volume des cuves affectées au traitement étant supérieur à 200 l DC - 2566 Nettoyage, décapage des métaux par traitement thermique : 1. La capacité volumique du four étant : a) Supérieure à 2 000 l A 1 b) Supérieure à 500 l, mais inférieure ou égale à 2 000 l DC 2. En absence de four, la puissance étant supérieure ou égale à 3 000 W A 1 2567 Galvanisation, étamage de métaux ou revêtement métallique d'un matériau quelconque par un procédé autre que chimique ou électrolytique. 1. Procédés par immersion dans métal fondu, le volume des cuves étant : a) Supérieur à 1 000 l A 1 b) Supérieur à 100 l, mais inférieur ou égal à 1 000 l DC 2. Procédés par projection de composés métalliques, la quantité de composés métalliques consommée étant : a) Supérieure à 200 kg/ jour A 1 b) Supérieure à 20 kg/ jour mais inférieure ou égale à 200 kg/ jour DC 2570 Email 1. Fabrication, la quantité de matière susceptible d'être fabriquée étant : a) supérieure à 500 kg/j A 1 b) supérieure à 50 kg/j, mais inférieure ou égale à 500 kg/j DC 2. Application, la quantité de matière susceptible d'être traitée étant supérieure à 100 kg/j DC 2575 Abrasives (emploi de matières) telles que sables, corindon, grenailles métalliques, etc. sur un matériau quelconque pour gravure, dépolissage, décapage, grainage, à l'exclusion des activités visées par la rubrique 2565. La puissance maximum de l'ensemble des machines fixes pouvant concourir simultanément au fonctionnement de l'installation étant supérieure à 20 kW D - 2630 Détergents et savons (fabrication de ou à base de) à l'exclusion des activités classées au titre de la rubrique 3410. La capacité de production étant : a) Supérieure à 50 t/ j A 2 b) Supérieure ou égale à 1 t/ j mais inférieure ou égale à 50 t/ j D 2631 Parfums, huiles essentielles (extraction par la vapeur des) contenus dans les plantes aromatiques La capacité totale des vases d'extraction destinés à la distillation étant : 1. Supérieure à 50 m³ A 1 2. Supérieure ou égale à 6 m³, mais inférieure ou égale à 50 m³ 2640 Colorants et pigments organiques, minéraux et naturels (fabrication ou emploi de), à l'exclusion des activités classées au titre de la rubrique 3410. La quantité de matière fabriquée ou utilisée étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 2 t/j A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 200 kg/j, mais inférieure à 2 t/j D - 2660 Polymères (matières plastiques, caoutchoucs, élastomères, résines et adhésifs synthétiques) (fabrication ou régénération), à l'exclusion des activités classées au titre de la rubrique 3410. La capacité de production étant : a) Supérieure à 10 t/j A 1 b) Supérieure à 1t/j, mais inférieure ou égale à 10 t/j D - 2661 Polymères (matières plastiques, caoutchoucs, élastomères, résines et adhésifs synthétiques) (transformation de) : 1. Par des procédés exigeant des conditions particulières de température ou de pression (extrusion, injection, moulage, segmentation à chaud, vulcanisation, etc.), la quantité de matière susceptible d'être traitée étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 70 t/ j A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 10 t/ j mais inférieure à 70 t/ j E c) Supérieure ou égale à 1 t/ j, mais inférieure à 10 t/ j D 2. Par tout procédé exclusivement mécanique (sciage, découpage, meulage, broyage, etc.), la quantité de matière susceptible d'être traitée étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 20 t/ j E b) Supérieure ou égale à 2 t/ j, mais inférieure à 20 t/ j D 2662 Polymères (matières plastiques, caoutchoucs, élastomères, résines et adhésifs synthétiques) (stockage de). Le volume susceptible d'être stocké étant : 1. Supérieur ou égal à 40 000 m³ ; A 2 2. Supérieur ou égal à 1 000 m³ mais inférieur à 40 000 m³ ; E 3. Supérieur ou égal à 100 m³ mais inférieur à 1 000 m³. D 2663 Pneumatiques et produits dont 50 % au moins de la masse totale unitaire est composée de polymères (matières plastiques, caoutchoucs, élastomères, résines et adhésifs synthétiques) (stockage de) : 1. A l'état alvéolaire ou expansé tels que mousse de latex, de polyuréthane, de polystyrène, etc., le volume susceptible d'être stocké étant : a) Supérieur ou égal à 45 000 m³ ; A 2 b) Supérieur ou égal à 2 000 m³ mais inférieur à 45 000 m³ ; E c) Supérieur ou égal à 200 m³ mais inférieur à 2 000 m³. D 2. Dans les autres cas et pour les pneumatiques, le volume susceptible d'être stocké étant : a) Supérieur ou égal à 80 000 m³ ; A 2 b) Supérieur ou égal à 10 000 m³ mais inférieur à 80 000 m³ ; E c) Supérieur ou égal à 1 000 m³ mais inférieur à 10 000 m³. D 2670 Accumulateurs et piles (fabrication d') contenant du plomb, du cadmium ou du mercure A 1 2680 Organismes génétiquement modifiés (installations où sont utilisés de manière confinée dans un processus de production industrielle des), à l'exclusion de l'utilisation d'organismes génétiquement modifiés qui ont reçu une autorisation de mise sur le marché conformément au titre III du livre V du code de l'environnement et utilisés dans les conditions prévues par cette autorisation de mise sur le marché. 1. Utilisation d'organismes génétiquement modifiés de classe de confinement 1 D 2. Utilisation d'organismes génétiquement modifiés de classe de confinement 2, 3, 4 A Les organismes génétiquement modifiés visés sont ceux définis par l'article D. 531-1 du code de l'environnement, à l'exclusion des organismes visés à l'article D. 531-2 du même code. On entend par utilisation au sens de la présente rubrique toute opération ou ensemble d'opérations faisant partie d'un processus de production industrielle au cours desquelles des organismes sont génétiquement modifiés ou au cours desquelles des organismes génétiquement modifiés sont cultivés, mis en œuvre, stockés, détruits, éliminés, ou utilisés de toute autre manière, à l'exclusion du transport. 2681 Micro-organismes naturels pathogènes (mise en oeuvre dans des installations de production industrielle) A 4 2690 Produits opothérapiques (préparation de) 1. quand l'opération est pratiquée sur des matières fraîches par simple dessiccation dans le vide D 2. dans tous les autres cas A 1 2710 Installation de collecte de déchets apportés par le producteur initial de ces déchets, à l'exclusion des installations visées à la rubrique 2719. 1. Dans le cas de déchets dangereux, la quantité de déchets susceptibles d'être présents dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 7 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 1 t, mais inférieure à 7 t DC - 2. Dans le cas de déchets non dangereux, le volume de déchets susceptibles d'être présents dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieur ou égal à 300 m3 E - b) Supérieur ou égal à 100 m3, mais inférieur à 300 m3 DC - 2711 Installation de transit, regroupement, tri ou préparation en vue de la réutilisation de déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques, à l'exclusion des installations visées à la rubrique 2719. Le volume susceptible d'être entreposé étant : 1. Supérieur ou égal à 1 000 m3 E - 2. Supérieur ou égal à 100 m3, mais inférieur à 1 000 m3 DC - 2712 Installation d'entreposage, dépollution, démontage ou découpage de véhicules hors d'usage ou de différents moyens de transports hors d'usage, à l'exclusion des installations visées à la rubrique 2719. 1. Dans le cas de véhicules terrestres hors d'usage, la surface de l'installation étant supérieure ou égale à 100 m2 E - 2. Dans le cas d'autres moyens de transports hors d'usage autres que ceux visés aux 1 et 3, la surface de l'installation étant supérieure ou égale à 50 m2 A 2 3. Dans le cas des déchets issus de bateaux de plaisance ou de sport tels que définis à l'article R. 543-297 du code de l'environnement : E a) Pour l'entreposage, la surface de l'installation étant supérieure à 150 m2 E - b) Pour la dépollution, le démontage ou le découpage E - 2713 Installation de transit, regroupement, tri ou préparation en vue de la réutilisation de métaux ou de déchets de métaux non dangereux, d'alliage de métaux ou de déchets d'alliage de métaux non dangereux, à l'exclusion des installations visées aux rubriques 2710, 2711, 2712 et 2719. La surface étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 1 000 m2 E - 2. Supérieure ou égale à 100 m2, mais inférieure à 1 000 m2 D - 2714 Installation de transit, regroupement, tri ou préparation en vue de la réutilisation de déchets non dangereux de papiers, cartons, plastiques, caoutchouc, textiles, bois à l'exclusion des installations visées aux rubriques 2710, 2711 et 2719. Le volume susceptible d'être présent dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieur ou égal à 1 000 m3 E - 2. Supérieur ou égal à 100 m3, mais inférieur à 1 000 m3 D - 2715 Installation de transit, regroupement ou tri de déchets non dangereux de verre à l'exclusion des installations visées à la rubrique 2710, le volume susceptible d'être présent dans l'installation étant supérieur ou égal à 250 m³. D 2716 Installation de transit, regroupement, tri ou préparation en vue de la réutilisation de déchets non dangereux non inertes à l'exclusion des installations visées aux rubriques 2710, 2711, 2712, 2713, 2714, 2715 et 2719 et des stockages en vue d'épandages de boues issues du traitement des eaux usées mentionnés à la rubrique 2.1.3.0. de la nomenclature annexée à l'article R. 214-1. Le volume susceptible d'être présent dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieur ou égal à 1 000 m3 E - 2. Supérieur ou égal à 100 m3, mais inférieur à 1 000 m3 DC - 2718 Installation de transit, regroupement ou tri de déchets dangereux, à l'exclusion des installations visées aux rubriques 2710, 2711, 2712, 2719, 2792 et 2793. 1. La quantité de déchets dangereux susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure ou égale à 1 t ou la quantité de substances dangereuses ou de mélanges dangereux, mentionnés à l'article R. 511-10 du code de l'environnement, susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure ou égale aux seuils A des rubriques d'emploi ou de stockage de ces substances ou mélanges A 2 2. Autres cas DC 2719 Installation temporaire de transit de déchets issus de pollutions accidentelles marines ou fluviales ou de déchets issus de catastrophes naturelles, le volume susceptible d'être présent dans l'installation étant supérieur à 100 m³. D 2720 Installation de stockage de déchets résultant de la prospection, de l'extraction, du traitement et du stockage de ressources minérales ainsi que de l'exploitation de carrières (site choisi pour y accumuler ou déposer des déchets solides, liquides, en solution ou en suspension). 1. Installation de stockage de déchets dangereux ; A 2 2. Installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux non inertes. A 1 2730 Sous-produits d'origine animale, y compris débris, issues et cadavres (traitement de), y compris le lavage des laines de peaux, laines brutes, laines en suint, à l'exclusion des activités visées par d'autres rubriques de la nomenclature, des établissements de diagnostic, de recherche et d'enseignement : La capacité de traitement étant supérieure à 500 kg/j A 5 2731 Sous-produits animaux (dépôt ou transit de), à l'exclusion des dépôts visés par les rubriques 2171 et 2355, des dépôts associés aux activités des établissements de diagnostic, de recherche et d'enseignement, des dépôts de biodéchets au sens de l'article R. 541-8 du code de l'environnement et des dépôts annexés et directement liés aux installations dont les activités sont visées par les rubriques 2101 à 2150,2170,2210,2221,2230,2240,2350,2690,2740,2780,2781,3532,3630,3641,3642,3643 et 3660 : 1. Dépôt ou transit de sous-produits animaux dans des conteneurs étanches et couverts sans manipulation des sous-produits animaux. La quantité susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure à 500 kg et inférieure à 30 tonnes E - 2. Autres installations que celles visées au 1 : La quantité susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure à 500 kg A 3 2740 Incinération de cadavres d'animaux. A 1 2750 Station d'épuration collective d'eaux résiduaires industrielles en provenance d'au moins une installation classée soumise à autorisation A 1 2751 Station d'épuration collective de déjections animales A 1 2752 Station d'épuration mixte (recevant des eaux résiduaires domestiques et des eaux résiduaires industrielles) ayant une capacité nominale de traitement d'au moins 10 000 équivalents-habitants, lorsque la charge des eaux résiduaires industrielles en provenance d'installations classées autorisées est supérieure à 70 % de la capacité de la station en DCO A 1 2760 Installation de stockage de déchets, à l'exclusion des installations mentionnées à la rubrique 2720 : 1. Installation de stockage de déchets dangereux autre que celle mentionnée au 4 A 2 2. Installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux autre que celle mentionnée au 3 : a) Dans une implantation isolée au sens de l'article 2, point r) de la directive 1999/31/ CE, et non soumise à la rubrique 3540 E - b) Autres installations que celles mentionnées au a A 1 3. Installation de stockage de déchets inertes E - 4. Installation de stockage temporaire de déchets de mercure métallique Pour la rubrique 2760-4 : Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t A 2 2770 Installation de traitement thermique de déchets dangereux, à l'exclusion des installations visées aux rubriques 2792 et 2793 et des installations de combustion consommant comme déchets uniquement des déchets répondant à la définition de biomasse au sens de la rubrique 2910. A 2 2771 Installation de traitement thermique de déchets non dangereux, à l'exclusion des installations visées à la rubrique 2971 et des installations consommant comme déchets uniquement des déchets répondant à la définition de biomasse au sens de la rubrique 2910. A 2 2780 Installation de compostage de déchets non dangereux ou de matière végétale, ayant, le cas échéant, subi une étape de méthanisation. 4 1. Compostage de matière végétale ou déchets végétaux, d'effluents d'élevage, de matières stercoraires : a) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 75 t/j A 1 b) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 30 t/j, mais inférieure à 75 t/j E - c) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 3 t/j, mais inférieure à 30 t/j D - 2. Compostage de fraction fermentescible de déchets triés à la source ou sur site, de boues de station d'épuration des eaux urbaines, de boues de station d'épuration des eaux de papeteries, de boues de station d'épuration des eaux d'industries agroalimentaires, seules ou en mélange avec des déchets admis dans une installation relevant de la rubrique 2780-1 : a) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 75 t/j A 3 b) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 20 t/j, mais inférieure à 75 t/j E - c) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 2 t/j, mais inférieure à 20 t/j D - 3. Compostage d'autres déchets : a) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 75 t/j A 3 b) La quantité de matières traitées étant inférieure à 75 t/j E - 2781 Installation de méthanisation de déchets non dangereux ou de matière végétale brute, à l'exclusion des installations de méthanisation d'eaux usées ou de boues d'épuration urbaines lorsqu'elles sont méthanisées sur leur site de production : 1. Méthanisation de matière végétale brute, effluents d'élevage, matières stercoraires, lactosérum et déchets végétaux d'industries agroalimentaires : a) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 100 t/j A 2 b) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 30 t/ j, mais inférieure à 100 t/ j E - c) La quantité de matières traitées étant inférieure à 30 t/j DC - 2. Méthanisation d'autres déchets non dangereux : A 2 a) La quantité de matières traitées étant supérieure ou égale à 100 t/j A 2 b) La quantité de matières traitées étant inférieure à 100 t/j E - 2782 Installations mettant en œuvre d'autres traitements biologiques de déchets non dangereux que ceux mentionnés aux rubriques 2780 et 2781 à l'exclusion des installations réglementées au titre d'une autre législation A 3 2790 Installation de traitement de déchets dangereux, à l'exclusion des installations visées aux rubriques 2711, 2720, 2760, 2770, 2792, 2793 et 2795. A 2 2791 Installation de traitement de déchets non dangereux, à l'exclusion des installations visées aux rubriques 2515, 2711, 2713, 2714, 2716, 2720, 2760, 2771, 2780, 2781, 2782, 2794, 2795 et 2971. La quantité de déchets traités étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 10 t/j A 2 2. Inférieure à 10 t/j DC - 2792 1. Installations de transit, tri, regroupement de déchets contenant des PCB/ PCT à une concentration supérieure à 50 ppm a) La quantité de fluide contenant des PCB/ PCT susceptible d'être présente est supérieure ou égale à 2 t A 2 b) La quantité de fluide contenant des PCB/ PCT susceptible d'être présente est inférieure à 2 t DC 2. Installations de traitement, y compris les installations de décontamination, des déchets contenant des PCB/ PCT à une concentration supérieure à 50 ppm, hors installations mobiles de décontamination A 2 2793 Installation de collecte, transit, regroupement, tri ou autre traitement de déchets de produits explosifs1 (hors des lieux de découverte). 1. Installation de collecte de déchets de produits explosifs apportés par le producteur initial de ces déchets. La quantité équivalente totale de matière active2 susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 100 kg A 3 b) Supérieure à 30 kg mais inférieure à 100 kg lorsque seuls des déchets relevant des divisions de risque 1.3 et 1.4 sont stockés dans l'installation DC - c) Inférieure à 100 kg dans les autres cas DC - 2. Installation de transit, regroupement ou tri de déchets de produits explosifs. La quantité équivalente totale de matière active2 susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 100 kg A 3 b) Inférieure à 100 kg DC - 3. Autre installation de traitement de déchets de produits explosifs (mettant en œuvre un procédé autre que ceux mentionnés aux 1 et 2). D - a) Installation de destruction de munitions, mines, pièges, engins et explosifs relevant de la compétence des services et formations spécialisés visés à l'article R.733-1 du code de la sécurité intérieure, à l'exclusion de la destruction des munitions chimiques, lorsque la quantité de matière active2 mise en œuvre par opération est inférieure à 30 kg D - b) Dans les autres cas. A 3 Nota : (1) Les produits explosifs sont définis comme appartenant à la classe 1 des recommandations des Nations unies relatives au transport des marchandises dangereuses, et destinés à être utilisés pour les effets de leur explosion ou leurs effets pyrotechniques. Ils sont classés en divisions de risque et en groupes de compatibilité par arrêté du ministre chargé des installations classées. (2) La quantité équivalente totale de matière active est établie selon la formule : Quantité équivalente totale = A + B + C/3 + D/5 + E + F/3 A représentant la quantité relative aux déchets classés en division de risque 1.1, aux déchets n'étant pas en emballages fermés conformes aux dispositions réglementaires en matière de transport ainsi qu'aux déchets refusés lors de la procédure d'acceptation en classe 1 ; B, C, D, E, F représentant respectivement les quantités relatives aux déchets classés en division de risque 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 et 1.6 lorsque ceux-ci sont en emballages fermés conformes aux dispositions réglementaires en matière de transport. 2794 Installation de broyage de déchets végétaux non dangereux. La quantité de déchets traités étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 30 t/ j E - 2. Supérieure ou égale à 5 t/ j, mais inférieure à 30 t/ j D - Nota. - La concentration en PCB/ PCT s'exprime en PCB totaux. Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 100 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 2795 Installations de lavage de fûts, conteneurs et citernes de transport de matières alimentaires, de substances ou mélanges dangereux mentionnés à l'article R. 511-10, ou de déchets dangereux. La quantité d'eau mise en œuvre étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 20 m ³/ j A 1 b) Inférieure à 20 m ³/ j DC 2797 Déchets radioactifs (gestion des) mis en œuvre dans un établissement industriel ou commercial, hors accélérateurs de particules et secteur médical, dès lors que leur quantité susceptible d'être présente est supérieure à 10 m3 et que les conditions d'exemption mentionnées au 1° du I de l'article R. 1333-106 du code de la santé publique ne sont pas remplies. 1. Activités de gestion de déchets radioactifs hors stockage (tri, entreposage, traitement …) A 1 2. Installations de stockage de déchets pouvant contenir des substances radioactives autres que celles d'origine naturelle ou des substances radioactives d'origine naturelle dont l'activité en radionucléides naturels des chaines de l'uranium et du thorium est supérieure à 20 Bq/ g A 2 Nota.-Les termes " déchets radioactifs " et " gestion des déchets radioactifs " sont définis à l'article L. 542-1-1 du code de l'environnement. 2798 Installation temporaire de transit de déchets radioactifs issus d'un accident nucléaire ou radiologique, à l'exclusion des installations mentionnées à la rubrique 2719. D 2910 Combustion à l'exclusion des activités visées par les rubriques 2770, 2771, 2971 ou 2931 et des installations classées au titre de la rubrique 3110 ou au titre d'autres rubriques de la nomenclature pour lesquelles la combustion participe à la fusion, la cuisson ou au traitement, en mélange avec les gaz de combustion, des matières entrantes A. Lorsque sont consommés exclusivement, seuls ou en mélange, du gaz naturel, des gaz de pétrole liquéfiés, du biométhane, du fioul domestique, du charbon, des fiouls lourds, de la biomasse telle que définie au a) ou au b) i) ou au b) iv) de la définition de la biomasse, des produits connexes de scierie et des chutes du travail mécanique de bois brut relevant du b) v) de la définition de la biomasse, de la biomasse issue de déchets au sens de l'article L. 541-4-3 du code de l'environnement, ou du biogaz provenant d'installations classées sous la rubrique 2781-1, si la puissance thermique nominale est : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 20 MW, mais inférieure à 50 MW E - 2. Supérieure ou égale à 1 MW, mais inférieure à 20 MW DC - B. Lorsque sont consommés seuls ou en mélange des produits différents de ceux visés en A, ou de la biomasse telle que définie au b) ii) ou au b) iii) ou au b) v) de la définition de la biomasse : 1. Uniquement de la biomasse telle que définie au b) ii) ou au b) iii) ou au b) v) de la définition de la biomasse, le biogaz autre que celui visé en 2910-A, ou un produit autre que la biomasse issu de déchets au sens de l'article L. 541-4-3 du code de l'environnement, avec une puissance thermique nominale supérieure ou égale à 1 MW, mais inférieure à 50 MW E - 2. Des combustibles différents de ceux visés au point 1 ci-dessus, avec une puissance thermique nominale supérieure ou égale à 0,1 MW, mais inférieure à 50 MW A 3 La puissance thermique nominale correspond à la somme des puissances thermiques des appareils de combustion pouvant fonctionner simultanément sur le site. Ces puissances sont fixées et garanties par le constructeur, exprimées en pouvoir calorifique inférieur et susceptibles d'être consommées en marche continue. On entend par biomasse , au sens de la rubrique 2910 : a) Les produits composés d'une matière végétale agricole ou forestière susceptible d'être employée comme combustible en vue d'utiliser son contenu énergétique ; b) Les déchets ci-après : i) Déchets végétaux agricoles et forestiers ; ii) Déchets végétaux provenant du secteur industriel de la transformation alimentaire, si la chaleur produite est valorisée ; iii) Déchets végétaux fibreux issus de la production de pâte vierge et de la production de papier à partir de pâte, s'ils sont coincinérés sur le lieu de production et si la chaleur produite est valorisée ; iv) Déchets de liège ; v) Déchets de bois, à l'exception des déchets de bois susceptibles de contenir des composés organiques halogénés ou des métaux lourds à la suite d'un traitement avec des conservateurs du bois ou du placement d'un revêtement tels que les déchets de bois de ce type provenant de déchets de construction ou de démolition. 2915 Chauffage (procédés de) utilisant comme fluide caloporteur des corps organiques combustibles. 1. Lorsque la température d'utilisation est égale ou supérieure au point éclair des fluides, la quantité totale de fluides présente dans l'installation (mesurée à 25° C) étant : a) supérieure à 1 000 l E - b) supérieure à 100 l, mais inférieure ou égale à 1 000 l D - 2. Lorsque la température d'utilisation est inférieure au point éclair des fluides, la quantité totale de fluides présente dans l'installation (mesurée à 25° C) étant supérieure à 250 l D - 2921 Refroidissement évaporatif par dispersion d'eau dans un flux d'air généré par ventilation mécanique ou naturelle (installations de) : a) La puissance thermique évacuée maximale étant supérieure ou égale à 3 000 kW E b) La puissance thermique évacuée maximale étant inférieure à 3 000 kW DC 2925 Accumulateurs électriques (ateliers de charge d') : 1. Lorsque la charge produit de l'hydrogène, la puissance maximale de courant continu utilisable pour cette opération (1) étant supérieure à 50 kW D - 2. Lorsque la charge ne produit pas d'hydrogène, la puissance maximale de courant utilisable pour cette opération (1) étant supérieure à 600 kW, à l'exception des infrastructures de recharge pour véhicules électriques ouvertes au public définies par le décret n° 2017-26 du 12 janvier 2017 relatif aux infrastructures de recharge pour véhicules électriques et portant diverses mesures de transposition de la directive 2014/94/ UE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 22 octobre 2014 sur le déploiement d'une infrastructure pour carburants alternatifs D - (1) Puissance de charge délivrable cumulée de l'ensemble des infrastructures des ateliers. 2930 Ateliers de réparation et d'entretien de véhicules et engins à moteur, y compris les activités de carrosserie et de tôlerie. 1. Réparation et entretien de véhicules et engins à moteur, la surface de l'atelier étant : a) Supérieure à 5 000 m2 E - b) Supérieure à 2 000 m2, mais inférieure ou égale à 5 000 m2 DC - 2. Vernis, peinture, apprêt (application, cuisson, séchage de) sur véhicules et engins à moteur, la quantité maximale de produits susceptible d'être utilisée étant : a) Supérieure à 100 kg/ j E - b) Supérieure à 10 kg/ j, mais inférieure ou égale à 100 kg/ j DC - 2931 Moteurs à combustion interne ou à réaction, turbines à combustion (ateliers d'essais sur banc de) : 1. Lorsque la puissance totale définie comme la puissance mécanique sur l'arbre au régime de rotation maximal, des moteurs ou turbines simultanément en essais est supérieure à 150 kW A 2 2. Lorsque la poussée totale des moteurs et des turbines est supérieure à 1,5 kN et que l'activité n'est pas classée au titre du 1. A 2 Nota.-Cette activité ne donne pas lieu à classement sous la rubrique 2910. 2940 Vernis, peinture, apprêt, colle, enduit, etc. (application, revêtement, laquage, stratification, imprégnation, cuisson, séchage de) sur support quelconque à l'exclusion des installations dont les activités sont classées au titre des rubriques 2330,2345,2351,2360,2415,2445,2450,2564,2661,2930,3450,3610,3670,3700 ou 4801. 1. Lorsque les produits mis en œuvre sont à base de liquides et lorsque l'application est faite par un procédé au trempé (y compris l'électrophorèse), la quantité maximale de produits susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) supérieure à 1 000 l E - b) supérieure à 100 l, mais inférieure ou égale à 1 000 l DC - 2. Lorsque l'application est faite par tout procédé autre que le trempé (pulvérisation, enduction, autres procédés), la quantité maximale de produits susceptible d'être mise en œuvre étant : a) Supérieure à 100 kg/ j E - b) Supérieure à 10 kg/ j, mais inférieure ou égale à 100 kg/ j DC - 3. Lorsque les produits mis en œuvre sont des poudres à base de résines organiques, la quantité maximale de produits susceptible d'être mise en œuvre étant : a) Supérieure à 200 kg/ j E - b) Supérieure à 20 kg/ j, mais inférieure ou égale à 200 kg/ j DC - Nota.-Le régime de classement est déterminé par rapport à la quantité de produits mise en œuvre dans l'installation en tenant compte des coefficients ci-après. Les quantités de produits à base de liquides inflammables à mention de danger H224, H225 ou H226 ou de liquides halogénés, dénommées A, sont affectées d'un coefficient 1. Les quantités de produits à base de liquides de point éclair compris entre 60° C et 93° C ou contenant moins de 10 % de solvants organiques au moment de l'emploi, dénommées B, sont affectées d'un coefficient 1/2. Si plusieurs produits de catégories différentes sont utilisés, la quantité Q retenue pour le classement sera égale à : Q = A + B/2. 2950 Traitement et développement des surfaces photosensibles à base argentique, la surface annuelle traitée étant : 1. Radiographie industrielle : a) supérieure à 20 000 m² A 1 b) supérieure à 2 000 m², mais inférieure ou égale à 20 000 m² DC 2. Autres cas (radiographie médicale, arts graphiques, photographie, cinéma) : a) supérieure à 50 000 m² A 1 b) supérieure à 5 000 m², mais inférieure ou égale à 50 000 m² DC 2960 Captage de flux de CO2 provenant d'installations classées soumises à autorisation en vue de leur stockage géologique ou captant annuellement une quantité de CO2 égale ou supérieure à 1,5 Mt A 3 2970 Stockage géologique de dioxyde de carbone à des fins de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, y compris les installations de surface nécessaires à son fonctionnement, à l'exclusion de celles déjà visées par d'autres rubriques de la nomenclature A 6 2971 Installation de production de chaleur ou d'électricité à partir de déchets non dangereux préparés sous forme de combustibles solides de récupération dans une installation prévue à cet effet, associés ou non à un autre combustible. 1. Installations intégrées dans un procédé industriel de fabrication A 2 2. Autres installations A 2 2980 Installation terrestre de production d'électricité à partir de l'énergie mécanique du vent et regroupant un ou plusieurs aérogénérateurs : 1. Comprenant au moins un aérogénérateur dont la hauteur du mât et de la nacelle au-dessus du sol est supérieure ou égale à 50 m A 6 2. Comprenant uniquement des aérogénérateurs dont la hauteur du mât et de la nacelle au-dessus du sol est inférieure à 50 m et au moins un aérogénérateur dont la hauteur du mât et de la nacelle au-dessus du sol est supérieure ou égale à 12 m, lorsque la puissance totale installée est : a) Supérieure ou égale à 20 MW A 6 b) Inférieure à 20 MW D - 3000 Les rubriques 3000 à 3999 ne s'appliquent pas aux activités de recherche et développement ou à l'expérimentation de nouveaux produits et procédés. Au sein de la plus petite subdivision de la rubrique, les capacités des installations s'additionnent pour les installations ou équipements visés à l'article R. 515-58. 3110 Combustion de combustibles dans des installations d'une puissance thermique nominale totale égale ou supérieure à 50 MW A 3 3120 Raffinage de pétrole et de gaz A 3 3130 Production de coke A 3 3140 Gazéification ou liquéfaction de : a) Charbon A 3 b) Autres combustibles dans des installations d'une puissance thermique nominale totale égale ou supérieure à 20 MW A 3 3210 Grillage ou frittage de minerai métallique, y compris de minerai sulfuré A 3 3220 Production de fonte ou d'acier (fusion primaire ou secondaire), y compris par coulée continue, avec une capacité de plus de 2,5 tonnes par heure A 3 3230 Transformation des métaux ferreux : a) Exploitation de laminoirs à chaud d'une capacité supérieure à 20 tonnes d'acier brut par heure A 3 b) Opérations de forgeage à l'aide de marteaux dont l'énergie de frappe dépasse 50 kilojoules par marteau et pour lesquelles la puissance calorifique mise en œuvre est supérieure à 20 MW A 3 c) Application de couches de protection de métal en fusion avec une capacité de traitement supérieure à 2 tonnes d'acier brut par heure A 3 3240 Exploitation de fonderies de métaux ferreux d'une capacité de production supérieure à 20 tonnes par jour A 3 3250 Production, transformation des métaux et alliages non ferreux : 1. Production de métaux bruts non ferreux à partir de minerais, de concentrés ou de matières premières secondaires par procédés métallurgiques, chimiques ou électrolytiques A 3 2. Plomb et cadmium : a) Fusion, y compris alliage, incluant les produits de récupération, avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 4 tonnes par jour A 3 b) Exploitation de fonderies (1), avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 4 tonnes par jour A 3 c) Fusion, y compris alliage, incluant les produits de récupération et exploitation de fonderies (2), avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 4 tonnes par jour A 3 3. Autres métaux non ferreux : a) Fusion, y compris alliage, incluant les produits de récupération, avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 20 tonnes par jour A 3 b) Exploitation de fonderies (1), avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 20 tonnes par jour A 3 c) Fusion, y compris alliage, incluant les produits de récupération et exploitation de fonderies (2), avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 20 tonnes par jour A 3 (1) Lorsqu'il y a production de produits moulés sans production de métal. (2) Lorsqu'il y a production de métal et de produits moulés. 3260 Traitement de surface de métaux ou de matières plastiques par un procédé électrolytique ou chimique pour lequel le volume des cuves affectées au traitement est supérieur à 30 mètres cubes A 3 3310 Production de ciment, de chaux et d'oxyde de magnésium : 1. Production de clinker (ciment) : a) Dans des fours rotatifs avec une capacité de production supérieure à 500 tonnes par jour A 3 b) Dans d'autres types de fours avec une capacité de production supérieure à 50 tonnes par jour A 3 2. Production de chaux dans des fours avec une production supérieure à 50 tonnes par jour A 3 3. Production d'oxyde de magnésium dans des fours avec une capacité supérieure à 50 tonnes par jour A 3 3330 Fabrication du verre, y compris de fibres de verre, avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 20 tonnes par jour A 3 3340 Fusion de matières minérales, y compris production de fibres minérales, avec une capacité de fusion supérieure à 20 tonnes par jour A 3 3350 Fabrication de produits céramiques par cuisson, notamment de tuiles, de briques, de pierres réfractaires, de carrelages, de grès ou de porcelaines avec une capacité de production supérieure à 75 tonnes par jour, et dans un four avec une capacité supérieure à 4 mètres cubes et une densité d'enfournement de plus de 300 kg/m³ par four A 3 3410 Fabrication en quantité industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique de produits chimiques organiques, tels que : a) Hydrocarbures simples (linéaires ou cycliques, saturés ou insaturés, aliphatiques ou aromatiques) A 3 b) Hydrocarbures oxygénés, notamment alcools, aldéhydes, cétones, acides carboxyliques, esters, et mélanges d'esters, acétates, éthers, peroxydes et résines époxydes. A 3 c) Hydrocarbures sulfurés A 3 d) Hydrocarbures azotés, notamment amines, amides, composés nitreux, nitrés ou nitratés, nitriles, cyanates, isocyanates A 3 e) Hydrocarbures phosphorés A 3 f) Hydrocarbures halogénés A 3 g) Dérivés organométalliques A 3 h) Matières plastiques (polymères, fibres synthétiques, fibres à base de cellulose) A 3 i) Caoutchoucs synthétiques A 3 j) Colorants et pigments A 3 k) Tensioactifs et agents de surface A 3 3420 Fabrication en quantité industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique de produits chimiques inorganiques, tels que : a) Gaz, tels que ammoniac, chlore ou chlorure d'hydrogène, fluor ou fluorure d'hydrogène, oxydes de carbone, composés sulfuriques, oxydes d'azote, hydrogène, dioxyde de soufre, chlorure de carbonyle A 3 b) Acides, tels que acide chromique, acide fluorhydrique, acide phosphorique, acide nitrique, acide chlorhydrique, acide sulfurique, oléum, acides sulfurés A 3 c) Bases, telles que hydroxyde d'ammonium, hydroxyde de potassium, hydroxyde de sodium A 3 d) Sels, tels que chlorure d'ammonium, chlorate de potassium, carbonate de potassium, carbonate de sodium, perborate, nitrate d'argent A 3 e) Non-métaux, oxydes métalliques ou autres composés inorganiques, tels que carbure de calcium, silicium, carbure de silicium A 3 3430 Fabrication en quantité industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique d'engrais à base de phosphore, d'azote ou de potassium (engrais simples ou composés) A 3 3440 Fabrication en quantité industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique de produits phytosanitaires ou de biocides A 3 3450 Fabrication en quantité industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique de produits pharmaceutiques, y compris d'intermédiaires A 3 3460 Fabrication en quantité industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique d'explosifs A 3 3510 Elimination ou valorisation des déchets dangereux, avec une capacité de plus de 10 tonnes par jour, supposant le recours à une ou plusieurs des activités suivantes : A 3 - traitement biologique - traitement physico-chimique - mélange avant de soumettre les déchets à l'une des autres activités énumérées aux rubriques 3510 et 3520 - reconditionnement avant de soumettre les déchets à l'une des autres activités énumérées aux rubriques 3510 et 3520 - récupération/régénération des solvants - recyclage/récupération de matières inorganiques autres que des métaux ou des composés métalliques - régénération d'acides ou de bases - valorisation des composés utilisés pour la réduction de la pollution - valorisation des constituants des catalyseurs - régénération et autres réutilisations des huiles - lagunage 3520 Elimination ou valorisation de déchets dans des installations d'incinération des déchets ou des installations de coïncinération des déchets : a) Pour les déchets non dangereux avec une capacité supérieure à 3 tonnes par heure A 3 b) Pour les déchets dangereux avec une capacité supérieure à 10 tonnes par jour A 3 3531 Elimination des déchets non dangereux non inertes avec une capacité de plus de 50 tonnes par jour, supposant le recours à une ou plusieurs des activités suivantes, à l'exclusion des activités relevant de la directive 91/271/CEE du Conseil du 21 mai 1991 relative au traitement des eaux urbaines résiduaires : A 3 - traitement biologique - traitement physico-chimique - prétraitement des déchets destinés à l'incinération ou à la coïncinération - traitement du laitier et des cendres - traitement en broyeur de déchets métalliques, notamment déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques et véhicules hors d'usage ainsi que leurs composants 3532 Valorisation ou mélange de valorisation et d'élimination de déchets non dangereux non inertes avec une capacité supérieure à 75 tonnes par jour et entraînant une ou plusieurs des activités suivantes, à l'exclusion des activités relevant de la directive 91/271/CEE : A 3 - traitement biologique - prétraitement des déchets destinés à l'incinération ou à la coïncinération - traitement du laitier et des cendres - traitement en broyeur de déchets métalliques, notamment déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques et véhicules hors d'usage ainsi que leurs composants Nota. - lorsque la seule activité de traitement des déchets exercée est la digestion anaérobie, le seuil de capacité pour cette activité est fixé à 100 tonnes par jour 3540 Installations de stockage de déchets autres que celles mentionnées aux rubriques 2720 et 2760-3 : 1. Installations d'une capacité totale supérieure à 25 000 tonnes A 3 2. Autres installations que celles classées au titre du 1 lorsqu'elles reçoivent plus de 10 tonnes de déchets par jour A 3 3550 Stockage temporaire de déchets dangereux ne relevant pas de la rubrique 3540, dans l'attente d'une des activités énumérées aux rubriques 3510, 3520, 3540 ou 3560 avec une capacité totale supérieure à 50 tonnes, à l'exclusion du stockage temporaire sur le site où les déchets sont produits, dans l'attente de la collecte A 3 3560 Stockage souterrain de déchets dangereux, avec une capacité totale supérieure à 50 tonnes A 3 3610 Fabrication, dans des installations industrielles, de : a) Pâte à papier à partir du bois ou d'autres matières fibreuses A 3 b) Papier ou carton, avec une capacité de production supérieure à 20 tonnes par jour A 3 c) Un ou plusieurs des panneaux à base de bois suivants : panneaux de particules orientées, panneaux d'aggloméré ou panneaux de fibres avec une capacité de production supérieure à 600 mètres cubes par jour A 3 3620 Prétraitement (opérations de lavage, blanchiment, mercerisation) ou teinture de fibres textiles ou de textiles, avec une capacité de traitement supérieure à 10 tonnes par jour A 3 3630 Tannage des peaux, avec une capacité de traitement supérieure à 12 tonnes de produits finis par jour A 3 3641 Exploitation d'abattoirs, avec une capacité de production supérieure à 50 tonnes de carcasses par jour A 3 3642 Traitement et transformation, à l'exclusion du seul conditionnement, des matières premières ci-après, qu'elles aient été ou non préalablement transformées, en vue de la fabrication de produits alimentaires ou d'aliments pour animaux issus : 1. Uniquement de matières premières animales (autre que le lait exclusivement), avec une capacité de production supérieure à 75 tonnes de produits finis par jour A 3 2. Uniquement de matières premières végétales, avec une capacité de production : a) Supérieure à 300 tonnes de produits finis par jour A 3 b) Supérieure à 600 tonnes de produits finis par jour lorsque l'installation fonctionne pendant une durée maximale de 90 jours consécutifs en un an A 3 3. Matières premières animales et végétales, aussi bien en produits combinés qu'en produits séparés, avec une capacité de production, exprimée en tonnes de produits finis par jour : a) Supérieure à 75 si A est égal ou supérieur à 10 A 3 b) Supérieure à [300-(22,5 x A)] dans tous les autres cas A 3 où A est la proportion de matière animale (en pourcentage de masse) dans la quantité entrant dans le calcul de la capacité de production de produits finis Nota.- L'emballage n'est pas compris dans la masse finale du produit. La présente rubrique ne s'applique pas si la matière première est seulement du lait. 3643 Traitement et transformation du lait exclusivement, la quantité de lait reçue étant supérieure à 200 tonnes par jour (valeur moyenne sur une base annuelle) A 3 3650 Elimination ou recyclage de carcasses ou de déchets animaux, avec une capacité de traitement supérieure à 10 tonnes par jour A 5 3660 Elevage intensif de volailles ou de porcs : a) Avec plus de 40 000 emplacements pour les volailles A 3 b) Avec plus de 2 000 emplacements pour les porcs de production (de plus de 30 kg) A 3 c) Avec plus de 750 emplacements pour les truies A 3 Nota. - Par "volailles", on entend : les poulets, poules, dindes, pintades, canards, oies, cailles, pigeons, faisans et perdrix, élevés ou détenus en captivité en vue de leur reproduction, de la production de viande ou d'œufs de consommation ou de la fourniture de gibier de repeuplement 3670 Traitement de surface de matières, d'objets ou de produits à l'aide de solvants organiques, notamment pour les opérations d'apprêt, d'impression, de couchage, de dégraissage, d'imperméabilisation, de collage, de peinture, de nettoyage ou d'imprégnation, avec une capacité de consommation de solvant organique : 1. Supérieure à 150 kg par heure A 3 2. Supérieure à 200 tonnes par an pour les autres installations que celles classées au titre du 1 A 3 (1) A : autorisation, E : enregistrement, D : déclaration, C : soumis au contrôle périodique prévu par l'article L. 512-11 du code de l'environnement (2) Rayon d'affichage en kilomètres 3680 Fabrication de carbone (charbon dur) ou d'électrographite par combustion ou graphitisation A 3 3690 Captage des flux de CO2 provenant d'installations classées soumises à autorisation, en vue du stockage géologique A 3 3700 Préservation du bois et des produits dérivés du bois au moyen de produits chimiques, avec une capacité de production supérieure à 75 mètres cubes par jour, autre que le seul traitement contre la coloration A 3 3710 Traitement des eaux résiduaires dans des installations autonomes relevant de la rubrique 2750 et qui sont rejetées par une ou plusieurs installations relevant de la section 8 du chapitre V du titre Ier du livre V A 3 4000 Substances et mélanges dangereux (définition et classification des). Définitions : Les termes "substances" et "mélanges" sont définis à l'article 2 du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008relatif à la classification, l'étiquetage et l'emballage des substances et mélanges. Dans le cas des produits qui ne sont pas couverts par lerèglement (CE) n° 1272/2008, y compris les déchets, et qui sont néanmoins présents ou susceptibles d'être présents dans un établissement et qui présentent ou sont susceptibles de présenter, dans les conditions régnant dans l'établissement, des propriétés équivalentes pour ce qui est de leur potentiel d'accident majeur, ces produits doivent être affectés aux classes, catégories et mentions de danger les plus proches ou de la substance ou du mélange dangereux désigné le plus proche. Ils sont assimilés à des substances ou mélanges dangereux au sens de la présente rubrique. On entend par produits explosibles les substances, mélanges ou matières présentant un danger d'explosion déterminé selon la méthode A. 14 durèglement (CE) n° 440/2008 et qui ne relèvent pas de la classe des peroxydes organiques ou substances et mélanges autoréactifs ainsi que les objets contenant de telles substances, mélanges ou matières relevant de lasection 2.1 de l'annexe I du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008. De plus, on entend par produits explosifs les produits explosibles affectés à la classe 1 des recommandations des Nations unies relatives au transport de marchandises dangereuses et qui sont destinés à être utilisés pour les effets de leur explosion ou leurs effets pyrotechniques. Le terme "gaz" désigne toute substance dont la pression de vapeur absolue est égale ou supérieure à 101,3 kPa à une température de 20 °C. Le terme "liquide" désigne toute substance qui n'est pas définie comme étant un gaz et qui ne se trouve pas à l'état solide à une température de 20 °C et à une pression normale de 101,3 kPa Classification : a) Substances : Les classes et catégories de danger sont définies à l'annexe I, parties 2, 3 et 4, du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008relatif à la classification, l'étiquetage et l'emballage des substances et des mélanges. Les substances présentant ces dangers, mais ne figurant pas encore à l'annexe VI du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008 susmentionné sont classées et étiquetées par leurs fabricants, distributeurs ou importateurs en fonction des informations sur leurs propriétés physico-chimiques ou toxicologiques pertinentes et accessibles existantes. b) Mélanges : Le classement des mélanges dangereux résulte : - du classement des substances dangereuses qu'ils contiennent et de la concentration de celles-ci ; - du type de mélange. Les mélanges dangereux sont classés suivant lerèglement (CE) n° 440/2008 établissant des méthodes d'essai, tel que spécifié à l'article 13, paragraphe 3, du règlement (CE) n° 1907/2006 concernant l'enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques ainsi que les restrictions applicables à ces substances. Les mélanges sont assimilés à des substances pures pour autant que les limites de concentration fixées en fonction de leurs propriétés dans lerèglement (CE) n° 1272/2008, ou sa dernière adaptation au progrès technique soient respectées, à moins qu'une composition du pourcentage ou une autre description ne soit spécifiquement donnée 4001 Installations présentant un grand nombre de substances ou mélanges dangereux et vérifiant la règle de cumul seuil bas ou la règle de cumul seuil haut mentionnées au II de l'article R. 511-11 A 1 4110 Toxicité aiguë catégorie 1 pour l'une au moins des voies d'exposition, à l'exclusion de l'uranium et ses composés. 1. Substances et mélanges solides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 1 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 200 kg, mais inférieure à 1 t DC 2. Substances et mélanges liquides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 250 kg A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 50 kg, mais inférieure à 250 kg DC 3. Gaz ou gaz liquéfiés. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : Supérieure ou égale à 50 kg A 3 Supérieure ou égale à 10 kg, mais inférieure à 50 kg DC Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 5 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 20 t. 4120 Toxicité aiguë catégorie 2, pour l'une au moins des voies d'exposition. 1. Substances et mélanges solides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 5 t, mais inférieure à 50 t D 2. Substances et mélanges liquides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 1 t, mais inférieure à 10 t D 3. Gaz ou gaz liquéfiés. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 2 t A 3 b) Supérieure ou égale à 200 kg, mais inférieure à 2 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4130 Toxicité aiguë catégorie 3 pour les voies d'exposition par inhalation. 1. Substances et mélanges solides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 5 t, mais inférieure à 50 t D 2. Substances et mélanges liquides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 1 t, mais inférieure à 10 t D 3. Gaz ou gaz liquéfiés. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 2 t A 3 b) Supérieure ou égale à 200 kg, mais inférieure à 2 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4140 Toxicité aiguë catégorie 3 pour la voie d'exposition orale (H301) dans le cas où ni la classification de toxicité aiguë par inhalation ni la classification de toxicité aiguë par voie cutanée ne peuvent être établies, par exemple en raison de l'absence de données de toxicité par inhalation et par voie cutanée concluantes. 1. Substances et mélanges solides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 5 t, mais inférieure à 50 t D 2. Substances et mélanges liquides. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 1 b) Supérieure ou égale à 1 t, mais inférieure à 10 t D 3. Gaz ou gaz liquéfiés. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 2 t A 3 b) Supérieure ou égale à 200 kg, mais inférieure à 2 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4150 Toxicité spécifique pour certains organes cibles (STOT) exposition unique catégorie 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 20 t A 1 2. Supérieure ou égale à 5 t, mais inférieure à 20 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4210 Produits explosifs (fabrication [1], chargement, encartouchage, conditionnement [2] de, études et recherches, essais, montage, assemblage, mise en liaison électrique ou pyrotechnique de, ou travail mécanique sur) à l'exclusion de la fabrication industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique. 1. Fabrication (1), chargement, encartouchage, conditionnement (2) de, études et recherches, essais, montage, assemblage, mise en liaison électrique ou pyrotechnique de, ou travail mécanique sur, à l'exclusion de la fabrication industrielle par transformation chimique ou biologique et à l'exclusion des opérations effectuées sur le lieu d'utilisation en vue de celle-ci et des opérations effectuées en vue d'un spectacle pyrotechnique encadrées par les dispositions du décret n° 2010-580 du 31 mai 2010 relatif à l'acquisition, la détention et l'utilisation des artifices de divertissement et des articles pyrotechniques destinés au théâtre. La quantité totale de matière active (3) susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 100 kg A 3 b) Supérieur ou égale à 1 kg mais inférieure à 100 kg DC 2. Fabrication d'explosif en unité mobile. La quantité totale de matière active (4) susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : a) Supérieure ou égale à 100 kg A 3 b) Inférieure à 100 kg D Nota : (1) Les fabrications relevant de cette rubrique concernent les fabrications par procédé non chimique, c'est-à-dire par mélange physique de produits non explosifs ou non prévus pour être explosifs. (2) Les opérations de manipulation, manutention, conditionnement, reconditionnement, mise au détail ou distribution réalisées dans les espaces de vente des établissements recevant du public sont exclues. (3) La quantité de matière active à retenir tient compte des produits intermédiaires, des en-cours et des déchets dont la présence dans l'installation s'avère connexe à l'activité de fabrication. (4) La quantité de matière active à prendre en compte est la quantité d'explosif fabriqué susceptible d'être concernée par la transmission d'une détonation prenant naissance en son sein. Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. 4220 Produits explosifs (stockage de), à l'exclusion desproduits explosifs présents dans les espaces de vente des établissements recevant du public. La quantité équivalente totale de matière active (1) susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 500 kg A 3 2. Supérieure ou égale à 100 kg, mais inférieure à 500 kg E 3. Supérieure ou égale à 30 kg mais inférieure à 100 kg lorsque seuls des produits classés en division de risque 1.3 et 1.4 sont stockés dans l'installation DC 4. Inférieure à 100 kg dans les autres cas DC Nota : (1) Les produits explosifs sont classés en divisions de risque et en groupes de compatibilité définis par arrêté ministériel. La quantité équivalente totale de matière active est établie selon la formule : A + B + C/3 + D/5 + E + F/3. A représentant la quantité relative aux produits classés en division de risque 1.1 ainsi que tous les produits lorsque ceux-ci ne sont pas en emballages fermés conformes aux dispositions réglementaires en matière de transport. B, C, D, E, F représentant respectivement les quantités relatives aux produits classés en division de risque 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 et 1.6 lorsque ceux-ci sont en emballages fermés conformes aux dispositions réglementaires en matière de transport. Produits classés en divisions de risque 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 et en division de risque 1.4 lorsque les produits sont déballés ou réemballés : Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Produits classés en divisions de risque 1.3 et 1.6 : Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 30 t. Autres produits classés en division de risque 1.4 : Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. (Les quantités indiquées sont les quantités nettes totales de matière active.) 4240 Produits explosibles, à l'exclusion desproduits explosifs. 1. Produits explosibles affectés à la classe 1 des recommandations des Nations unies relatives au transport de marchandises dangereuses et autres produits explosibles lorsqu'ils ne sont pas en emballages fermés conformes aux dispositions réglementaires en matière de transport. La quantité totale de matière active susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure ou égale à 500 kg A 5 2. Autres produits explosibles. La quantité totale de matière active susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 5 Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10. t 4310 Gaz inflammables catégorie 1 et 2. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans les installations y compris dans les cavités souterraines (strates naturelles, aquifères, cavités salines et mines désaffectées) étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 2 2. Supérieure ou égale à 1 t et inférieure à 10 t DC Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. 4320 Aérosols extrêmement inflammables ou inflammables de catégorie 1 ou 2 contenant des gaz inflammables de catégorie 1 ou 2 ou des liquides inflammables de catégorie 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 150 t A 2 2. Supérieure ou égale à 15 t et inférieure à 150 t D Nota. - Les aérosols inflammables sont classés conformément à la directive 75/324/ CEE relative aux générateurs aérosols. Les aérosols "extrêmement inflammables" et "inflammables" de la directive 75/324/ CEE correspondent respectivement aux aérosols inflammables des catégories1 et 2 du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008. Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 150 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 500 t. 4321 Aérosols extrêmement inflammables ou inflammables de catégorie 1 ou 2 ne contenant pas de gaz inflammables de catégorie 1 ou 2 ou des liquides inflammables de catégorie 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 5 000 t A 1 2. Supérieure ou égale à 500 t et inférieure à 5 000 t D Nota. - Les aérosols inflammables sont classés conformément à la directive 75/324/ CEE relative aux générateurs aérosols. Les aérosols "extrêmement inflammables" et "inflammables" de la directive 75/324/ CEE correspondent respectivement aux aérosols inflammables des catégories1 et 2 du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008. Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 5 000 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 000 t. 4330 Liquides inflammables de catégorie 1, liquides inflammables maintenus à une température supérieure à leur point d'ébullition, autres liquides de point éclair inférieur ou égal à 60 °C maintenus à une température supérieure à leur température d'ébullition ou dans des conditions particulières de traitement, telles qu'une pression ou une température élevée (1). La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans les installations y compris dans les cavités souterraines étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 2 2. Supérieure ou égale à 1 t mais inférieure à 10 t DC (1) Conformément à la section 2.6.4.5 de l'annexe I du règlement (CE) n° 1272/2008, il n'est pas nécessaire de classer les liquides ayant un point d'éclair supérieur à 35 °C dans la catégorie 3 si l'épreuve de combustion entretenue du point L 2, partie III, section 32, du Manuel d'épreuves et de critères des Nations unies a donné des résultats négatifs. Toutefois, cette remarque n'est pas valable en cas de température ou de pression élevée, et ces liquides doivent alors être classés dans cette catégorie. Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. 4331 Liquides inflammables de catégorie 2 ou catégorie 3 à l'exclusion dela rubrique 4330. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans les installations y compris dans les cavités souterraines étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 1 000 t A 2 2. Supérieure ou égale à 100 t mais inférieure à 1 000 t E 3. Supérieure ou égale à 50 t mais inférieure à 100 t DC Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 5 000 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 000 t. 4410 Substances et mélanges autoréactifs type A ou type B. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 3 2. Supérieure ou égale à 50 kg mais inférieure à 10 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. 4411 Substances et mélanges autoréactifs type C, D, E ou F. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 2 2. Supérieure ou égale à 1 t mais inférieure à 50 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4420 Peroxydes organiques type A ou type B. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 50 kg A 2 2. Supérieure ou égale à 1 kg mais inférieure à 50 kg D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 10 t. 4421 Peroxydes organiques type C ou type D. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 3 t A 2 2. Supérieure ou égale à 125 kg mais inférieure à 3 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 150 t. 4422 Peroxydes organiques type E ou type F. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 10 t A 1 2. Supérieure ou égale à 500 kg mais inférieure à 10 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4430 Solides pyrophoriques catégorie 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 1 Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4431 Liquides pyrophoriques catégorie 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 2 Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4440 Solides comburants catégorie 1, 2 ou 3. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 3 2. Supérieure ou égale à 2 t mais inférieure à 50 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4441 Liquides comburants catégorie 1, 2 ou 3. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 3 2. Supérieure ou égale à 2 t mais inférieure à 50 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4442 Gaz comburants catégorie 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 3 2. Supérieure ou égale à 2 t mais inférieure à 50 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4510 Dangereux pour l'environnement aquatique de catégorie aiguë 1 ou chronique 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 100 t A 1 2. Supérieure ou égale à 20 t mais inférieure à 100 t DC Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 100 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. 4511 Dangereux pour l'environnement aquatique de catégorie chronique 2. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 200 t A 1 2. Supérieure ou égale à 100 t mais inférieure à 200 t DC Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 500 t. 4610 Substances ou mélanges auxquels est attribuée la mention de danger EUH014 (réagit violemment au contact de l'eau). La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 100 t A 1 2. Supérieure à 10 t mais inférieure à 100 t DC Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 100 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 500 t. 4620 Substances et mélanges qui, au contact de l'eau, dégagent des gaz inflammables, catégorie 1. La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 100 t A 1 2. Supérieure ou égale à 10 t mais inférieure à 100 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 100 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 500 t. 4630 Substances ou mélanges auxquels est attribuée la mention de danger EUH029 (au contact de l'eau, dégage des gaz toxiques). La quantité totale susceptible d'être présente dans l'installation étant : 1. Supérieure ou égale à 50 t A 3 2. Supérieure ou égale à 2 t mais inférieure à 50 t D Quantité seuil bas au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 50 t. Quantité seuil haut au sens de l'article R. 511-10 : 200 t. (1) A : autorisation, E : enregistrement, D : déclaration, C : soumis au contrôle périodique prévu par l'article L. 512-11 du code de l'environnement. (a) A : autorisation, E : enregistrement, D : déclaration, C : soumis au contrôle périodique prévu par l'article L. 512-11 du code de l'environnement. (2) Rayon d'affichage en kilomètres. (3) Décret n° 2010-369 du 13 avril 2010, article 2 : les rubriques 167 et 322 sont supprimées. Se référer à la place aux rubriques 2770 et 2771. Nota.-La valeur de QNS porte sur l'ensemble des substances radioactives mentionnées à la rubrique 1700 autres que celles mentionnées à la rubrique 1735 susceptibles d'être présentes dans l'installation. Elle est calculée suivant les modalités mentionnées à l'annexe 13-8 de la première partie du code de la santé publique. Décret n° 2013-1301 du 27 décembre 2013 art. 2 : La rubrique 2661 qui entre en vigueur le jour de la publication de l'arrêté ministériel fixant les prescriptions générales applicables aux installations relevant du régime de l'enregistrement dans ces deux rubriques. | 26,733 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43316666 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | T.J. Crowder, acostela, https://stackoverflow.com/users/157247, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3676005, https://stackoverflow.com/users/615754, nnnnnn | English | Spoken | 847 | 1,209 | Comparison array number in JS
I'm working with JS and I don't understand certain behavior with arrays. I searched but I can't find a correct answer, so sorry if this is dupe or in relation with another question.
I have the following code using lodash.
return _.difference(self.list1, self.list2) <= 0;
That is returning an array and I'm comparing it directly with a number, just because I forgot the .length property. I saw that this is "working" unless it is not correct. So I started to do some tests with the JS console and I don't understand what is happening here.
[Object, Object, Object] <= 0 //returns false
[] <= 0 //returns true
[[]] <= 0 //returns true
[[[]]] <= 0 //returns true
[[2]] <= 0 // returns false
[[],[]] <= 0 //returns false
What is JS doing here? Thank you very much.
I believe the <= operator is trying to cast the array to a number, with varied results (depending on the content of the array). You can experiment further in the console by casting those arrays to numbers yourself using the + operator: type in +[[2]] and see what you get back...
The <= operator will coerce its operands to try to make them comparable. The full details are in the specification's Abstract Relational Comparison operation, but basically:
When you compare an object reference with a primitive, it tries to convert the referenced object to a primitive. In this case, since the primitive is a number, it will try to get a primitive number from the object if the object supports that (arrays don't) and then fall back on getting a string. At which point it has a string and a number, so it coerces the string to number and compares them numerically.
When you convert an array to a string, it does the same thing join does: Joins the string version of all the entries together separated by commas. Of course, if you have only one entry, you'll end up with just that entry (as a string).
Here's a simpler example:
var a = [2];
console.log(a < 10); // true
The steps there are:
Since a contains an object reference, convert that object to a primitive, preferring a number to a string if possible:
Arrays don't provide a way of converting to number, so we end up doing (effectively) a.toString()
a.toString() calls a.join(), which joins the entries together as strings with a comma in between
So we end up with "2".
Now we have "2" < 10
Since one of those is a number, the operator coerces the other one to number, giving us 2 < 10
The result of 2 < 10 is true
This strategy sometimes, even frequently, means the <= operator ends up comparing NaN to something. For instance, if a were a non-array object:
var a = {};
console.log(a.toString()) // "[object Object]"
console.log(a < 10); // false
The steps would be:
Since a contains an object reference, convert that object to a primitive, preferring a number to a string if possible:
Plain objects don't support conversion to number, so we end up doing (effectively) a.toString().
As you can see in the snippet above, that gives us "[object Object]"
Now we have "[object Object]" < 10
Since one of those is a number, the operator coerces the other one to number. "[object Object]" coerced to a number is NaN.
The result of NaN < 10 is false, because all comparisons involving NaN (including ===) result in false. (Yes, really; NaN === NaN is false.)
(Thanks Rajesh for suggesting the {} < 10 example and providing the initial version of the above.)
This will be a different question If you feel that I need to open a new one tell me. But to avoid this kind of things why JS does not have a <== operator? Like the "===" or the "!=="
@acostela: I don't think there's a satisfying answr to that question. :-) See Why doesn't JavaScript have strict greater/less than comparison operators? You could propose them, of course: https://github.com/tc39/proposals
@Rajesh: Not a bad idea. I misunderstood what you'd done originally and rolled it back, but I've added it back now, with parallel phrasing to the first example for consistency.
Thank you very much :) I still get some confussions with cohertion but now is much more clear for me
@acostela: On the strict relational comparison, one roadblock is probably simply that there's an issue finding operators for it. <== and >== are easy, but what do we do for the < and > operations? << and >> are taken. So we'd have to go another way, like <* and >*, which introduces inconsistency. So I think the utility never quite reached the level of being worth the syntax.
I don't see a need for <==. If you're doing a less than or greater than test and aren't sure of the types of the operands then you've probably got bigger problems than could be resolved neatly with that operator. But if you really want it you can always write a strictLessThan() function.
| 43,772 |
https://github.com/fei-protocol/checkthechain/blob/master/src/ctc/protocols/uniswap_v3_utils/contracts/quoter.py | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | checkthechain | fei-protocol | Python | Code | 190 | 857 | from __future__ import annotations
from ctc import rpc
from ctc import spec
from .. import uniswap_v3_spec
async def async_quote_exact_input_single(
token_in: spec.Address,
token_out: spec.Address,
fee: int,
amount_in: int,
sqrt_price_limit_x96: int = 0,
provider: spec.ProviderSpec = None,
block: spec.BlockNumberReference | None = None,
) -> int:
function_abi = await uniswap_v3_spec.async_get_function_abi(
'quoteExactInputSingle',
'quoter',
)
return await rpc.async_eth_call(
to_address=uniswap_v3_spec.quoter,
function_abi=function_abi,
function_parameters=[
token_in,
token_out,
fee,
amount_in,
sqrt_price_limit_x96,
],
provider=provider,
block_number=block,
)
async def async_quote_exact_input(
path: str,
amount_in: int,
provider: spec.ProviderSpec = None,
block: spec.BlockNumberReference | None = None,
) -> int:
function_abi = await uniswap_v3_spec.async_get_function_abi(
'quoteExactInput',
'quoter',
)
return await rpc.async_eth_call(
to_address=uniswap_v3_spec.quoter,
function_abi=function_abi,
function_parameters=[path, amount_in],
provider=provider,
block_number=block,
)
async def async_quote_exact_output_single(
token_in: spec.Address,
token_out: spec.Address,
fee: int,
amount_out: int,
sqrt_price_limit_x96: int = 0,
provider: spec.ProviderSpec = None,
block: spec.BlockNumberReference | None = None,
) -> int:
function_abi = await uniswap_v3_spec.async_get_function_abi(
'quoteExactOutputSingle',
'quoter',
)
return await rpc.async_eth_call(
to_address=uniswap_v3_spec.quoter,
function_abi=function_abi,
function_parameters=[
token_in,
token_out,
fee,
amount_out,
sqrt_price_limit_x96,
],
provider=provider,
block_number=block,
)
async def async_quote_exact_output(
path: str,
amount_in: int,
provider: spec.ProviderSpec = None,
block: spec.BlockNumberReference | None = None,
) -> int:
function_abi = await uniswap_v3_spec.async_get_function_abi(
'quoteExactOutput',
'quoter',
)
return await rpc.async_eth_call(
to_address=uniswap_v3_spec.quoter,
function_abi=function_abi,
function_parameters=[path, amount_in],
provider=provider,
block_number=block,
)
| 437 |
jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl.NDIGCZAS002205_1835_044_1 | Polish-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | Gazeta Krakowska. 1835, nr 44 | Majeranowski, Konstanty (1787-1851). Red. | Polish | Spoken | 2,038 | 4,668 | N” 44. Pismo to wychodzi codziennie oprócz świąt uroczystych w drukarni St. Gieszkowskiego. IMIONA RZYMSKIE. Dziś Macieja Apostoła, z a ri Z. $ip WTOREK 24 ŁUTEGO. Zaliczenie ma trzy miesiące Złp. 12. miesięczne złp. 5. IMIONA SŁAWIANSKIE. Dzia Bogusz. OBRSERWACYE METEOROLOGICZNE. Barometr Stopnie praa i Dzieů do 0% R red ciepła | PsychroZjawiska napowie ; w miarze podlug . metr Wiatr Sian Atmesfery trzne i różne uwagi. UR Paryzkiey |Reaumura 7 27'4'',480 : 1—00, 5 | N”,75 | Pt, Zachodni słaby | Pogoda z Chmurami Mgła a 12 3,615 +4,5 1,73 | Południowy średni | 5h A, 23 3 2,706 TMNT 1, 70 = moeny | Chmury 8 1,583 | H3, 4 1,94 ! m Pochmurno | Deszcz Część Polityczna. WIADOMOŚCI Z POPRZEDNICH POCZT, Paryż 6 Lutego. Zawczoray przecho dził wóz parowy P. Asda, od gościńca d'An tin przez ulice de la Paix i Riwoli oraz przez pola elizeyskie do Neuilli. Tam przed stawił wynalazcę królowi pułkownik Houde lot. Po naydokładnieyszćm obeyrzeniu wszel kich szczegółów całóy mechaniki i konstruk cyi powozu, wsiadł król do tegoż i przebył 1000 metrów w przeciągu 8 minut, co czy ni około 10 stóp na sekundę, to jest wyrów nywa dobremu truchtowi. Król nagrodził hoynie wynalazcę i obdarzył go przytćm pię kną tabakierą złotą. Donoszą z Madrytu pod d. 26 stycznia, że wyśledzono sprawców rozruchu 18 b. m. Są to członkowie taynego towarzystwa Íza belistów. P. Martinez dela Rosa miał prze dłożyć w izbie prokuradorów niektóre tego towarzystwa papiery atramentem sympatycz nym pisane, a obeymnjące listę proskrypcyj ną z nazwiskami niektórych członków oppo zycyi. Mówią tu teraz więcćy o zamierzonem mał Żeństwie xięcia Orleans następcy tronu, francus kiego (urodzonego wPalerino 1810r.) z infantką Izabellą Ferdynandą, córką infanta Francisco de Paula, urodzoną 182] roku. Jest to xię Zniczka która odebrała wychowanie bardzo staranne i mówi płynnie kilkoma językami a szczególnićy francuskim, LosDpvN 6 Lutego. — Budowniczy Sir Ro bert Śmirk podał rządowi plan nowych gma chów, mających się stawić dla obu izb par lamentowych. Wedlug tego planu, obadwa gma chy byłyby obrócone czołem do Tamizy i równołegłe do jey brzegu. Ministrom podobał się ten projekt, który będzie teraz przedsta wiony parlamentowi, aby wyznaczył fundusz na budowę, naymniey przez lat 3 trwać ma jącą. Z członków teraźnieyszego parlamentu, 463 zasiadało w przeszłym; obrano zatćm więcey jak dwie trzecie części z dawniey szych. p Jenerał-porncznik Sir R. Wilson, wyje ż dża do Korfu, jako naczelny kommissarz wy sp J ońskich. ` mm Z powodu wyznaczoney kommissyi do roz poznania planu reformy kościoła, Courier przypomina torysom, że ilekroć whigowie wy znaczali rozpoznawcze kommissye w przed miotach większey wagi, zawsze torysowie krzyczeli na taki sposób postępowania i ró Żne czynili im zarzuty. W roku upłynionym było 24,385 zarege strowanych okrętów W. Brytanii i jey osad. dźwigających 2,634,577 tons ciężaru, a zaj mujących 164,000 marynarzy. Nowych okrę tów zbudowano w tym roku 1026, które o beymnją 125,049 tons ciężaru (1,250,490 cen tnarów.) W tymże roku wpłyneło do różnych portów W. Brytanii 12,271 angielskich i ir landzkich, a 5369 zagranicznych okrętów. Do portów irlandzkich wplyneło 848 krajo wych, a 136 obcych okrętów. Wyrachowa no, że na samą 'Tamizę wpływa i ztamtąd wypływa do roku więcey okrętów , aniżeli we wszystkich portach całey kuli ziemskićy. Codziennie stoi na kotwicy przy Londynie 2500 okrętów na Tamizie i w przystaniach warsztackich ; 3000 łodzi i czółen, są zaię te ładowaniem i wyładowaniem towarów; diugie tyle iest użytych do przewożenia lu dzi, a 8000 maytków robi na nich wiosła mi: 1200 nrzędników celnych znayduie się umieszczonych przy komorze celaćy; 4000 ro botników są zaięci pakowaniem i wypakowy waniem towarów; liczba wpływaiących i wys pływaiących okrętów, wynosi 15,000; war tość prowadzonych na tych okrętach towarów i rzeczy, szącuią naymniey 70 milionów funtów szterlingów (2800 milionów złp). Niepewność whigów pod względem wybo rów ustała po dokładnem przeyrzeniu list no wo wybranych reprezentantów. Ńą oni go towymi do wystąpienia w szranki, a pierw szemi przedmiotami walki, będzie adress i obranie mowcy. Co do ostatniego wątpić należy aby mieli większość po sobie, są bowiem liczni nawet między reformistami członkowie, którzy będą głosować za Panem” Button. jedynie dla tego, ażeby nie usuwać go z wieysca, które zapewnia 4000 funt. szt, 176 pensyi odstawkowey. Z drugićy zaś strony, daleko więcty znaczącym przedmiotem jest dla, ministrów adres. Jeżeli bowiem usiłować będzie oppozycya aby peczyniono dodatki co do kościoła lub innego jakiego większey wą gi przedmiotu, bydź może, żew takim razie, nie mieliby ministrowie większości po sobie, Lecz zdaje się, że jest zamiarem ministrów padać kościołowi tak dalece wolnomyślną re formę, jakiey tylko oppozycya pragnąć może; w rzeczy tylko kościoła irlandzkiego, różnią się dużo zdania stronnictw między sobą, Whigowie chcieliby z gruntu całą budowę tego kościoła przeistoczyć, znosząc w zupeł ności wszelkie dochody i zakłady tam, gdzie nie masz prołestantów; torysowie zaś wycho dząc z tey zasady, chcą ile można usunąć nadużycia bez Ścieśnienia dochodów i praw anglikańskiego kościoła. W tey nader ważaćy sprawie, polączającey w sobie tyle politycz nych oraz ekonomicznych zadan i interesów, są jak wiadomo bardzo podzielone zdania, i liczne zachodzą przesądy. Wielu członków oppozycji, będzie podzielać zdanie ministrów, nie wyłączając nawet stronników Stanleya. Jeżeliby przeto była większość przeciwko ministrom, to będzie bardzo mała, nic niezna cząca, a zdaniem jest dosyć powszechnóm, że nie cofną się torysowie, jeżeli większość reformistów nad dwadzieścia glosów przecho» dzić nie będzie. Courrier nagania surowo lordowi Napier, jego postępowanie w Chinach, uważając za święty obowiązek każdego, w obcy kray przy bywającego, szanować nietylko prawa ale i zwyczaje kraju tego. Gdyby, mówi tenże dziennik, było zawarowane prawami angiel skiemi, Że każden z posłów zagranicznych przybywający do Anglii, jest w obowiązku zatrzymać się pierwćy na wyspie Wiaht, tak długo, dopóki nie nadeydzie dla niego po zwolenie z Londynu udania się do stolicy, ' cóżbyśmy powiedzieli na to, my za oświeco nych mający się Anglicy, gdyby np. poseł franeuski lub amerykański, wbrew takiemu postanowieniu, wpłynął wprost na Tamizę, a prócz tego prowadził jeszcze za sobą eska drę aby wspierać swoje gwałtowne postąpie nie? Bydz może że Chińhczykowie nie będą W stanie odeprzeć siły z którą lord Napier wystąpi, lecz jestże on przez to usprawiedli wiony z zrobionego kroku? Jeżeli lord nie» przestąpił tym czynem danych mu instrukcji, należy pośpieszać z odmianą takowych; tego honor Anglii i dobro jey handlu wymaga. MADRYT 25 Stycznia. Wypadki ostatnich dni kilku, były wielkiey wagi dla całey Hi szpanii. Poruszenie buntownicze, morderstwo popełnione na osobie pierwszego urzędnika stolicy, rozprawy w izbie prokuradorów do tyczące ostatnich z dnia ośmnastego wypad ków, a przytem zabiegi taynych towarzystw, w Madrycie i po całym kraju rozgałęzione, wszystko to nabawia niespokoynością. Wszę dzie panuje ubóstwoi nieukontentowanie, wszy scy uznają potrzebę reformy, ale każdy boi się dotknąć rany, nikt nie ma dosyć odwa gi aby się zająć rozpoznaniem tejże. 0O prócz licznych trudności, jakie były do po konania, groziła niemałem niebezpieczeń Stwem intryga, Staraniem którćy powołano jenerała Llauder na urząd ministra wojny. Szczęściem, że przez zabiegi nie dosyć zrę czne, albo raczey zbyt śmiałe, sam wpadł w dołki, ktore kopał pod innemi ministrami i pod jenerałem Miną, ażeby objąwszy na czelne dowodztwo nad wojskiem, ogłosić się potem dyktatorem. Szczęśliwe przebycie tak niebezpiecznego przesilenia , jakićm by ło to ostatnie, przypisać należy Panom Mar tinez de la Rosa i Torreno, którzy wtej sta nowczćj chwili, rozwinęli wielkie zdolności, w rządzie jako ministrowie w seymie, ja ko mówcy. W. piękney i przekonywającćy mowie, na ostatoiem posiedzeniu czwartko wem, w izbie prokuradorów mianćy, prze konał Pan Martinez de la Rosa wszystkich obecnych, jak niebezpiecznóm jest udziele nie na raz jeden i rozwinięcie wszystkich swobód; i że podobne postąpienie, rewolu cyę koniecznie sprowadzićby musiało, Przy 177 toczył przykłady z historyi naynowszych wy padków po zaprowadzeniu ustawy z 1812 roku, aż po koniec 1823; mówił datej o niebezpieczeństwach, jakiemi zagrażają tajnę towarzystwa, a dla usprawiedliwienia rządu z przedsiewzięlych aresztowań wielu osób, złożył papiery wykrywające zabiegi tychże towarzystw. Jeszcze tego samego dnia, po dał się jenerał Llauder do dymissyi. HaNowEn 10 Lutego. Ziomek nasz Pan Welthusen, który po kilkoletniey podróży do Indyi i Chin, powrócił do kraju, przy wiózł z sobą przeszło sto gatunków wybo ru różnych nasion, zebranych i kupnych w pysznych ogrodach Makao i Kantonu. Przy wiózł także kilka rzadkich przedmiotów chiń skich. BERN 1 Lulego. Na notę odpowiednią kantonu prezydującego, nie masz jeszcze ža dney rezolucyi; co do posłów zagranicznych, potwierdza się, że żądali od dworów swoich ńowych instrukcyi i oczekują na takowe. Zdaje się bydź podobnem do prawdy, że je żeli będą obstawać przy żądaniach kantono wi Bern uczynionych, a ten nie zechce oka zać się skłonnym, dwory zagraniczne nasta wać będą o zwołanie seynu związkowego. Poseł bawarski kazal spieniężyć ruchomości swoje w Bernie, co wskazywać się zdaje, Że już nie myśli powracać. Obok tego wszy” stkiego, sądzi nasz kanton prezydujący, że nie mia się oco troszczyć, a to w przekona niu, że związek będzie go we wszystkiem wspierał. Policya ma teraz baczne oko na wychodź ców zagranicznych, a przynaymniey można to powiedzieć o kantonie Berny. Jakoż z wychodniów francuzkich, nie znayduje się jak 5 lub 6 a oprócz kantonu Waadt, gdzie także kilku jeszcze pozostało, nie masz ich z resztą w całey ŃSzwaycaryi ani jednego. Z pozostających, zachowują się wszyscy spo koynie i przyzwoicie, tak iż rząd nic prze ciwko nim do zarzucenia nie ma. Z wycho dniów niemieckich było kilku takich, któ rzy się chcieli do wewnętrznych spraw kra jowych mieszać, ale umiano ich od tego u sunąć, jak zasługiwali. Czeladź rzemieślni cza bawarska oddala się potrosze z Szway caryi, w skutek rozporządzeń rządu swojego. Pan Rumigny, posel francuski przy związ ku szwaycarskim, miał oświadczyć, iż we dług wszelkiego podobieństwa, będzie prze znaczony w mieysce hr. Sebastiani na posła do Neapolu. AMSTERDAM 7 Lułego. Potwierdza się wiadomość, o powiększeniu załogi w Luxem: burgu przez woysko związku niemieckiego. Tym razem przeznaczono na to 8 korpus, składający się z kontygensów Wirtemberga, Badenu, wielkiego xięztwa Heskiego, z Ho henzollern, Hessen Homburg i miasta Frank fortu. LizBONA 25 Stycznia. Budżet przedsta wiony kortezom przez ministra skarbu Pana Carvalho, na rok finansowy od 1 lipca 1834 do tegoż dnia 1835 roku, przyjęty został. Pokazuje się z niego, Że tegoroczny deficit wynosi 740,000 funt szt. (30,340,000 złp.), ale miano nadzieję, że będzie pokryty ze sprzedaży dóbr duchownych i rządowych. Deficit na rok 1836, wynosi już tylko 180,000 funt szt. (7,180,000 złp.) Zadziwia powszechnie, że Portugalczy kowie, którzy w wysokim stopniu nie nawi dzą cudzoziemców, z niecierpliwością ocze kują na przybycie xięcia Leuchtenbergskie go, (jak wiadomo, już przybył), i wiele do brego obiecują sobie po tymże. We wszy stkich towarzystwach i pomiędzy ludem pos politym, nie mówią jak tylko o dobrych przy miotach xięcia i zawsze z widocznem uwiel bieniem. Zaiste jestto nader szczęśliwa wróż ba dla niego; przy takiem usposobieniu u mysłów, będzie mógł xiąże Leuchtenburg wiele dobrego uczynić, byle tylko zręcznie i sprężyście postępował. Za dowód przy chylności dla niego można i to uważać, że gdy pewien artysta tuteyszy dobrze trafiony portret xięcia, wyrytował, w przeciągu je dnego tygodnia, sprzedano tegóź 10 tysięcy exemplarzy, Przyjęcie, jakiego rzeczony xią że doznał w Anglii u dworu i u ministrów, sprawiło tutay zwłaszcza na stronnikach D. Miguela, nadzwyczayne wrażenie. I ta oko liczność posłuży xięciu, że będzie mógł wie le dobrego zdziałać dla kraju, przez zbliże nie stronnictw i usunięcie panującey między niemi nienawiści. Doniesienia. Kamienica pod L. 551 przy ulicy flory ańskiey sytuowana z wszelkiemi dogodnościa mi, jest zwolney ręki do sprzedania; życzą cy Subie nabycia oney, zgłosić się zechcą do W. Wincentego Wolffa gdzie dalsza wiado mość udzieloną zostanie, (ir.) Salomea z Zawadzkich Gostkowska w u licy Sławkowskiey pod Nr. 454 zamieszkała, uwiadamia wszystkich kupców różnych hane dlów, rzemieślników, piekarzy, rzeźników, rybaków, aptekarzy, cukierników; iż wszy stko płacąc gotowemi pieniądzmi, oświadcza publicznie, iż nie przyjmie Żadnych pretensyi do wynagrodzenia. (2r.) 7 EEE E "ge" TEAEENEEEWEU trz S POCZ PRZYJECHALI DO KRAKOWA. Dnia 23. — 24. Lutego. Słomski Józef z Polski. — Kurowski Jan z Polski. — Amsberg Adryan z Prus, — Lakomicki Woyciech z Pruss. — Chwistek Karol z Pruss.— Nowosielski Franciszek z z Polski. — Paszkowiczowa Julia z Pols, — Chromy Dyzma z Galicyi.— Samereczański Piotr z Galiayi.— Bylica Felix z Galicyi. — Tomkowicz Henryk z Galicyi — Jordan Ka rol z Galicyi.— Wislicki Józefat z Polski. WYJECHALI £ KRAKOWA. Baczyński Ignacy do Galicyi. — Zinamee ki Kumornik CesarskoAustryacki do Gali cyi. — Bzezowski Józef do Galicyi. — Bie gahski Onufry do Polski. | 39,317 |
https://github.com/lionel-rigoux/GoIO_SDK/blob/master/src/GoIO_cpp/MacOSX/VST_USB/VST_USBTypes.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | BSD-3-Clause | 2,021 | GoIO_SDK | lionel-rigoux | C | Code | 340 | 721 | /*********************************************************************************
Copyright (c) 2010, Vernier Software & Technology
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Vernier Software & Technology nor the
names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL VERNIER SOFTWARE & TECHNOLOGY BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
**********************************************************************************/
/*
* VST_USBTypes.h
* Common types for the VST_USB module.
*
* Created by Christopher Corbell on Tue Mar 19 2002.
* Copyright (c) 2002 Vernier Software & Technology. All rights reserved.
*
*/
#ifndef _VST_USBTYPES_H_
#define _VST_USBTYPES_H_
#ifdef __MWERKS__ /* assume flat headers for CodeWarrior */
#include <CFArray.h>
#else
#include <CoreFoundation/CFArray.h>
#endif
#ifndef _VST_ERRORS_H_
#include "VST_Errors.h"
#endif
#define kMeasurementPipe 1
#define kCommandPipe 2
typedef void * TUSBDeviceRef; /* this wraps an io_service_t device ref */
typedef struct
{
SInt32 nProductID;
SInt32 nVendorID;
bool bHID;
TUSBDeviceRef pDeviceRef;
} VST_USBSpec;
typedef CFMutableArrayRef VST_USBSpecArrayRef;
typedef void (*TFunction_VST_USB_callback)(SInt32 nProductID, SInt32 nVendorID, void * pUserParam);
typedef void * TUSBBulkDevice;
typedef void * TUSBDeviceNotificationThread;
#endif // _VST_USBTYPES_H_
| 16,094 |
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrosino | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Petrosino | https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petrosino&action=history | Tagalog | Spoken | 214 | 489 | Ang Petrosino (Siciliano: Pitrusinu) ay isang bayan at comune (komuna o munisipalidad) sa Malayang Konsorsiyong Komunal ng Trapani, rehiyon ng Sicilia, Katimugang Italya, na matatagpuan sa pagitan ng mga munisipalidad ng Marsala at Mazara del Vallo.
Pinagmulan ng pangalan
Utang nito ang pangalan nito, malamang, sa perehil, isang mabangong halaman na kusang tumutubo sa mga lugar na iyon: sa katunayan, ito ay Petroselinum crispum, mula sa Griyego na pinagmulan πέτρος Σελινοῦς, at kung saan sa Sicilianong "pitrusinu" ay nagpapanatili ng pangalan para sa halaman at para sa bayan.
Mga monumento at tanawin
Sa monumental na gusali at natatangi ang mga sumusunod: ang Tore Sibiliana mula noong ika-15 siglo, ang Tore Montenero mula noong ika-17 siglo, ang Baglio Woodhouse, ang Baglio Spanò mula noong ika-19 na siglo.
Sa kahabaan ng baybayin ay makakakita ka ng mga dalampasigan na may pinong buhangin tulad ng mga kalisang tagaytay. Sa hilagang bahagi (naroroon sa pagitan ng Torre Sibiliana at Punta Biscione) ang mga tagaytay ay umaabot ng humigit-kumulang tatlong metro ang taas habang sa katimugang bahagi ay may mga dalampasigan na may pabagu-bagong haba na sinasalitan ng mabatong baybayin. Sikat ang dalampasigang Torrazza, sa timog na bahagi, ang pangunahing dalampasigan ng Petrosileni at mga nakapaligid na lugar.
Mga sanggunian
Mga koordinado sa Wikidata
Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano | 27,217 |
https://github.com/camplight/hylo-evo/blob/master/src/components/ErrorBoundary/index.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,022 | hylo-evo | camplight | JavaScript | Code | 7 | 18 | import ErrorBoundary from './ErrorBoundary'
export default ErrorBoundary
| 5,470 |
https://github.com/cbarnson/codeforces-cpp/blob/master/accepted/580A.cc | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,019 | codeforces-cpp | cbarnson | C++ | Code | 151 | 295 | // 580A - Kefa and First Steps
// http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/580/A
// Time Limit : 2 seconds
// Memory Limit : 256 MB
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Trick here is just reading the problem carefully, at first it sounds like
// they want longest non-decreasing "subsequence", but no only a "subsegment",
// which we are told is a continuous fragment. We don't even need to store
// anything, just process everything as you read it in. Once you encounter a
// value strictly less than the last value, update your best, reset values, and
// continue.
int main() {
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(0);
long long n, x, best = -1, counter = 0, last = 0;
cin >> n;
while (n--) {
cin >> x;
if (x < last) {
best = max(best, counter);
counter = 0;
}
counter++;
last = x;
}
best = max(best, counter);
cout << best << endl;
}
| 18,994 |
US-42155020-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 1,920 | None | None | English | Spoken | 1,278 | 1,648 | Bearing-locating device
July 13 1926. 1,592,586 l `cz. H'. wlLLs BEARING LOCATING DEVICE Filed Nov. s, 1920 Patented July 13, 1926.
UNITED. STATES CHILDE HAR/QLD `WILLS, OF MARYSVILLE, MICHIGAN.
BEARINGeLOCATING DEVIE.
Application 1ed`Noven1ber 3, 19.20. Serial No. 421,550.
This invention relates to `a new and improved method andconstruction whereby a bearing may be readily located and adjusted into its seat. More specifically, my device comprises an adjustable cam means whereby a bearing of the type adapted for use with rotating shafts, may be adjusted and moved `into its seat in a direction' axially of the shaft. In the use of such bearings it is highly important that the bearinos when put in place, be adjusted relative to the shaft housing or supporting members in suoli manner that the shaft is properly located for its purpose, and that there be no play of the shaft relative to the bearing or the housing. This is particularly true where gears are carried by the shaft, since slight variation in the location of the gear may cause the gear to benoisy and ineiicien-t and to wear.v the coacting gear.
1t is an object of the present invention to providel a simple and effective means for locatingl a bearing in a` shaft support or housing, and more particularly7 to provide cani means whereby the bearing may be moved positively into its seat. It is also an object to provide a device of the character described, in which the adjustment of the bearing into its seat may be readily accom- 80 plished and in which means are provided for retaining the bearing in the seated position. Other and further objects will apj pear as the description proceeds.
My invention is particularly applicable to the cam shafts of internal combustion engiros7 and, in the particular embodiment which has been shown for the purposes of illustration, the invention has been applied to a shaft of that character having` a driven u beveled gear thereon, the gear being in en gagement with a driving beveled gear. In a shaft of this character` having an interlitted relation with the bearing adapted to prevent relative axial movement between 5 the bearing and shaft, it is particularly important that means be provided to adjust the bearing in its support in the direction axially of the shaft, in order that the proper relation of the intermeshing beveled gears may be secured. Y
This particular embodiment has been shown in the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal section showing a portion of a cam shaft and housing with my' invention applied thereto; and, j
Figure 2 :is a sectionk taken on a line 2 2 of Figure 1.
In the drawings the housing or support to is Adesignated 3 and it enclosesand supports the bearing for the cam shaft 4. The cam shafty 4 is provided with the spaced shoulders 5 and 6 and carries a beveled gear 'e' whichis held against the shoulder b' by the tcap 8 the gear being restrained against rotation relativeto the shaft by the dowels 9. This gear T coacts with a gear 10 carried by the sha-ft 11. The gears are made acces` sible 'by the removable cover 1,2. The bearlll ing 13-is shown surrounding the shaft /land interlitting between the'spaced shoulders 5 and 6. llhis bearing'as best shownv inFigure Q, is formed ofr two interlitting,members split longitudinally in order` that it may be Y fitted to' the shaft, and it carries the. Babbitt facing 14. n n
rlhe bearing 18 is provided with an enlargementA 16 having a, conical recess 17 therein and the casing 3 has a screw threadil-l ed opening 18 located in such manner as to partially register with cavity 17 when the bushing 13 is properly adjusted. An adjusting screw 19 having a conical lower end 2O is threaded into this opening, its conical end engaging the similar conicail opening 1T in the bushing 13, the engagement of these two surfaces serving to move the bushing in the direction longitudinally of the shaft.` The screw 19 is retained in adjusted posiil@ tion by a lock nut 21 as shown.
ln the case of this bearing and its adjusting` or locating means, the split bearing 13 is first seated upon the shaft 4 between the shoulders 5 and 6, the two portions of the b5 bearing being secured together by screws as shown in Figure The caui shaft and bearing are then slipped into place in the housing 3 and the screw 19 adjusted until the inner face of the enlargedpo-rtion 13` 190 of the bearing is brought up against the face of the housing. The shaft is then correctly located and the gears will mesh properly. l
Ey the use of a bearing having an adjustu ing and locking means of the type shown and described herein, the cam shaft may be readily longitudinally adjusted in its proper position in the cam shaft housing and any play or lost motion between the pinions may im lli thus be avoided. The structure is simple and may be readily applied. Its adjustment can be quickly accomplished without the use of special tools and the adjustment once secured, can be positively maintained;
*While l have described more or less precisel)7 the details of construction of my invention, I do not wish to be understood as limiting' myself thereto, as l contemplate changes in form and the proportion of parts and substitution of equivalents as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, without departing' from the spirit of my invention.
I claim:
l. A shaft, a support therefor, a bearing for said Shaft mounted in the support, the. bearinginterfitting between spaced shoulders upon the shaft, and means adapted to move the bearing and thereby the shaft relative to the support.
2. A shaft, a support therefor, a bearing' for said shaft mounted in the support, the bearing interlitting between spaced shoulders upon the shaft, a conical cavity in 'the outer surface of the bearing, a stud threaded through the support and adapted to be moved to coact with the cavity to move the bearing axially, and means to lock the stud. in position, the movement of the bearing` servingto move the shaft longitudinallg.7 through contact of the bearing' with the shoulders on the shaft.
3. A shaft, a support therefor, a bearing for said shaft mounted in the support, and means adapted to move the bearing relative to the support and to retain it in position, the bearing having a shoulder adapted to engage the support to limit relative movement therebetween.
t. A shaft, a support therefor, a bearing for said shaft mounted in the support, the bearing inter-fittingl between spaced shoulders upon the shaft, and means adapted to move the bearing and thereby the Shaft relative to the support, the bearing,` having a shoulder z'ula-pted to be brought into engagement with the support to limit relative movement therebetween.
.fr shaft, a support therefor, a bearing for said shaft mounted in the support, the bearing intertitting` between spaced shoulders upon the shaft, a conical cavity in the outer surface of the bearing, a stud threaded through the support and adapted to be moved to coru't with the cavity to position the hearing, and means to lock the stud in position, the movement of the bearingserving;` to move the shaft longitudinally through contact of the bearing with the shoulders on the shaft, the. bearing havinfol` an enlarged circumferential shoulder adapted to he brought into engagement with a face of the support when the bearingis properly Seated in the support.
Signed at Mtn'yeville, Michigan, this 19 day of tctober, 1920.
CHILDE HAROLD VILLS.
| 21,096 |
https://github.com/interactord/podCast-MVC/blob/master/PodCast-MVC/Extensions/NSNotification+CustomName.swift | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | podCast-MVC | interactord | Swift | Code | 34 | 78 | //
// Created by Scott Moon on 2019-06-24.
// Copyright (c) 2019 Scott Moon. All rights reserved.
//
import UIKit
extension NSNotification.Name {
static let downloadProgress = NSNotification.Name("downloadProgress")
static let downloadComplete = NSNotification.Name("downloadComplete")
}
| 36,373 |
bpt6k4708785g_2 | French-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | Le Courrier | None | French | Spoken | 7,737 | 11,710 | Nous avons eu déjà l'occasion d'indiquer les abus qui s'étaient commis à la préfecture de la Seine, et la nécessité de confier les rênes de cette administration à des mains plus habiles que celles qui les tiennent en ce moment. On nous indique aujourd'hui l'inconvenance et l'irrégularité de dépenses, d'autant plus blâmables, qu'elles ont été autorisées et faites dans un temps où la plus affreuse calamité publique exigeait une stricte économie. Sous prétexte de stimuler le zèle de quelques chefs de division et de bureaux, M. le préfet leur a alloué, pendant le temps où l'épidémie exerçait ses ravages, des frais de voitures et des gratifications qui ne laissent point de monter à des sommes considérables. De la part du magistrat qui a distribué ces fonds, il n'y a eu que faiblesse et incurie ; mais de la part de ceux qui les ont acceptés dans une pareille conjoncture, il y a eu un sentiment de cupidité, une soif d'argent qu'on ne saurait qualifier d'une façon trop sévère. Qu'il y a loin de cette conduite à celle de MM. les élèves attachés au bureau des secours du quartier de l'Observatoire ! Nous avons déjà dit qu'ils n'avaient accepté d'émoluments que pour les répartir ensuite parmi les indigents cholériques confiés à leurs soins. Nous apprenons qu'ils viennent d'effectuer leur résolution généreuse. La somme de 1,200 fr. qu'ils ont reçue a été déposée par ces dignes jeunes gens au bureau sanitaire, pour être distribuée aux malades. Le soulagement apporté par ce secours laissera dans la classe indigente du 12e arrondissement un souvenir bien honorable pour les auteurs d'un pareil acte de bienfaisance et d'humanité. On s'occupe toujours, dit-on, dans les différents ministères, de réformes et d'épurations. Le travail est bien long à paraître ; comme il s'agit de renvoyer des carlistes, on y met toutes les lenteurs imaginables et l'on multiplie les précautions. S'il s'agissait de destituer des patriotes, on ferait moins de cérémonies. Il paraît que c'est le ministre des finances qui a eu le plus de peine à se décider à mettre à la porte, ou au moins à la retraite, les fonctionnaires de son département les plus connus par leur attachement à la dynastie déchue et par leurs dispositions à seconder toutes les tentatives qui auraient pour objet de la replacer au pouvoir. Cependant on a obtenu ces jours derniers de M. La plupart des membres du corps diplomatique paraissent, au sourd s'attacher peu d'importance au départ de M. Pozzo. Ils rapportent que le voyage était annoncé depuis trois ou quatre mois ; qu'il s'est décidé à l'entreprendre au moment où la saison était la plus favorable. Ils ajoutent que les relations entre les deux cours s'étant modifiées depuis l'avènement de Louis-Philippe au trône, des entretiens entre l'ambassadeur, son souverain et les ministres sont devenus indispensables pour abréger des volumes de correspondance, et pour bien s'entendre sur la marche à suivre auprès de notre cabinet. Suivant eux, M. Pozzo a, en outre, de grands intérêts d'affection et de famille à régler à Pétersbourg. Après avoir marié et doté richement son neveu, qu'il regarde comme le seul héritier de son nom, il désire obtenir pour lui des places, des honneurs et des titres à la cour de Nicolas. Enfin, il veut disposer de ses grands biens de manière à pouvoir jouir ici pendant ses dernières années, soit comme ambassadeur, soit comme homme de salon, de toutes les douceurs qu'offre l'un des pays les plus civilisés de l'Europe. Tels sont les divers motifs qu'on assigne à son absence momentanée. En rapportant ces divers bruits, nous n'avons eu d'autre but que de tenir nos lecteurs au courant de quelques conversations de salon. Les éléments ne tarderont point à leur apprendre quelles sont les rumeurs les mieux fondées. NOUVELLES DE L'OUEST. On lit ce matin dans le Moniteur : « Des nouvelles arrivées de Paris confirment la dispersion complète de la bande qui a essayé le mouvement carliste dont le Moniteur a parlé hier. » Les lettres des autres départements de l'Ouest annoncent quelque agitation. Une bande de chouans, plus nombreuse que d'ordinaire, s'est montrée à Corsé. Au départ du courrier, elle se trouvait cernée par les chefs des cantonnements et les gardes nationaux des environs. » Nous espérons pouvoir donner bientôt des détails plus circonstanciés sur ces deux tentatives qu'ont déjouées la vigilance des autorités et le dévouement des troupes. » — Le Breton de Nantes, du 27, contient les nouvelles suivantes ; « M. le lieutenant-général Solignac, de retour à Nantes depuis hier soir, a terminé sa tournée par Clisson et Machecoul. Il a fait faire des visites domiciliaires dans tous les châteaux, ce qui a donné lieu à l'arrestation de plusieurs personnages suspects et étrangers au pays. » Ces visites domiciliaires ont produit un grand effet parmi les paysans, qui sont convaincus par là qu'un nom quelqu'élève qu'il soit ne met pas à l'abri des justes rigueurs que nécessitent les menées carlistes. » La foire nantaise, qui a eu lieu hier, était peu nombreuse ; nous l'attribuons aux bruits inquiétants répandus de toutes parts, avec une tactique infernale, par le parti carliste, bruits qui auront empêché beaucoup de cultivateurs de se rendre à Nantes. « Toute la journée d'hier a été parfaitement tranquille, et toutes les mesures avaient été prises pour maintenir cette tranquillité. » S'il faut en croire des rapports qui nous parviennent de la Vendée, l'état-major de la future armée vendéenne se composerait ainsi : » MM. Gransaigne, ex-capitaine de gendarmerie de la Vendée; Dautrive (Maurice), lieutenant-colonel; de Bricville (Aubin), lieutenant, porte-étendard; Guérin (Auguste), curé de Saint-Urbain, aumônier; Grenou (J.-Auguste), lieutenant trésorier; Tenier (Jacques-François), artiste vétérinaire. » Première compagnie. MM. de Combarel, capitaine; Fleury de la Caillère, lieutenant; de Dilardin, deuxième lieutenant; Bertrand (Charles), sous-lieutenant. "Seconde compagnie. MM. de Vaublanc, capitaine; de Gravat (Charles), lieutenant; de Garreau (Charles-André), sous-lieutenant. Troisième compagnie. — MM. de Dion-Daunot (Michel-François), capitaine; Gaillard (Jacques), lieutenant; Mallet (François), sous-lieutenant. Quatrième compagnie. — MM. de Maguard (Benjamin), capitaine; de Savaté (Léon), lieutenant; de Bricville (Aubin), sous-lieutenant. Ce dernier est déjà connu de nos lecteurs. C'est l'homme qui fit payer la soupe fournie à nos soldats lors de l'investissement de son château. Plusieurs de ces MM. sont déjà arrêtés, entre autres le chef d'état-major, M. Gransaigne, et M. Guérineau, curé de Saint-Urbain. Des mandats ont été décernés contre tous les autres. Sept chevaux ont été pris." P. S. Nous apprenons à l'instant, d'une manière positive, que des arrestations nombreuses de chouans ont été faites dans les Deux-Sèvres. Les mesures militaires prises par M. le lieutenant-général Solignac, sur les points de la division, nous font espérer une prompte fin aux troubles. — La même feuille publie la lettre suivante de Bourbon-Vendée, du 25 mai : « Un sergent du 17e léger se rendait de Luçon à Champ-Saint-Père: avec le neveu du maire de cette commune. Ils furent attaqués avant-hier soir par deux brigands bien armés, les sieurs de Marchais de Trié, ex-capitaine d'infanterie, qui tirèrent quatre coups de fusil sans réussir à atteindre nos deux voyageurs; ceux-ci ripostèrent et cassèrent le fusil de Marchais, qui, malgré cette blessure, prit la fuite, et reçut un coup de fusil. » Dès que M. le colonel du 17e fut instruit de cet incident, il détacha un détachement à la poursuite des deux guerriers légitimistes. A peine le détachement fut-il arrivé sur les lieux, qu'il fut assailli par plusieurs cavaliers, tant à pied qu'à cheval; car il paraît que ces messieurs ont leur base à proximité. Une vive fusillade s'engagea : le sous-lieutenant qui était armé, et qui se trouvait dans cette affaire en homme de tête et de cœur, est M. de Ravet, patriote et décoré de Juillet. Le sous-lieutenant qui commandait ce détachement, et qui conduisit dans cette affaire en homme de tête et de cœur, est M. de Ravet, patriote et décoré de Juillet. vivement. P. S. J'apprends à l'instant que M. Ravet, continuant les poursuites contre la bande de carlistes, les a entièrement dispersés. Un chouan a encore été tué, et plusieurs fait prisonniers. Je donnerai demain de nouveaux détails. La troupe, Des gardes nationaux à cheval de la Vendée se sont reformées et vont continuer de faire ce service concurremment avec elle. — On nous écrit des Sables-d'Olonne, 25 mai : "Le 23, vers dix heures du soir, un sergent du 17e légère, armé, avec un bourgeois de la foire de Luçon, rencontra deux hommes de fusils, sabres et pistolets, qui tirèrent sur eux sans succès. Le sergent fit feu à son tour, en blessant un assez gravement, l'autre." Le détachement du Champ-Saint-Père s'est fort bien conduit, et de manière à dégoûter les chouans d'une nouvelle attaque. On l'a renforcé d'un détachement de la garde nationale de Luçon. Du reste, nous sommes en force, pleins d'enthousiasme. La présence des chouans nous ferait plus de plaisir que de peine. » Il écrit d'Angers, 20 mai : « Les chouans semblent décidés à une levée générale de boucliers quand même. Ils se sont montrés avant-hier, au nombre de quatre cents, dans la petite commune de Saint-Denis d'Anjou (Mayenne). Ils vont de ferme en ferme, et forcent les jeunes gens à les suivre. Tous sont parfaitement armés. Et cependant les fonctions publiques sont entre les mains de carlistes reconnus, et chaque jour on nomme encore, aux places de finances particulières, des hommes qui ne cachent nullement leur opposition au gouvernement. - L'Écho du peuple, journal de Poitiers, du 26, publie une lettre de Bressuire qui contient les nouveaux détails suivants sur l'affaire du bois d'Allonville : « Le 22 mai, sur les deux heures après midi, des voituriers conduisant de la farine de Parthenay à Bressuire, aperçurent des chouans armés du côté du bois d'Amailloux. Ils étaient escortés d'une dizaine de militaires qui, ne se croyant pas en force, se replièrent sur leur cantonnement, et là, avant trouvé une compagnie entière, marchèrent de suite sur les brigands (ils avaient aperçu). Ils les trouvèrent au nombre d'environ 150 hommes, et firent feu aussitôt en les poursuivant vigoureusement. Les chouans, commandés par plusieurs nobles, ne ripostèrent point d'après l'ordre de leur chef, et se mirent à fuir. Mais les soldats eurent le temps d'en prendre une douzaine, dont une moitié a été conduite à Parthenay et l'autre ici. Parmi les prisonniers se trouvent un M. de Mesnard et M. de Chièvre, ex-chef de bataillon dans la garde royale. Celui-ci se voyant pris par un caporal du 64e, lui offrit sa montre et un millier de francs qu'il avait sur lui; mais le brave soldat refusa, et l'amena à son capitaine qui, quoiqu'il ait servi sous M. de Chièvre, ne l'en fit pas moins conduire ici en prison où il est depuis ce matin. Sitôt que la nouvelle de cette rencontre fut parvenue ici, toute la garnison et la gendarmerie se sont mises en campagne, et tous les cantonements des environs sont également sur pied. La garde nationale est sous les armes depuis ce matin pour prévenir une attaque sur Bressuire. On espère capturer encore bon nombre de ces carlistes, et à l'instant même il vient d'en arriver trois nouveaux que l'on menait chez le général. Ce sont trois jeunes gens bien mis, dont un porte des lunettes, et à son côté une épée à poignée d'or. Il paraît que ces messieurs avaient préparé un coup de main qui a manqué par suite des marches répétées de l'infatigable 4e, qui est sur pied nuit et jour. » Tout récemment deux drapeaux blancs ont été arborés dans le département de la Vienne, l’un à Ayron, l’autre à Chalandray. Depuis le débarquement de la duchesse de Berry tout le carlisme est en émoi. On lit dans la même feuille : « Un détachement de hussards est parti de Poitiers pour Chalandray, afin de réprimer dans ce pays l’insolence des carlistes. » — Le Breton, journal de Nantes, du 20 mai, publie un ordre du jour du colonel de la garde nationale de Nantes dans lequel nous remarquons les passages suivants : » Les machinations et les menées qui se pratiquent autour de nous, et que les autorités surveillent, nous obligent de prévoir que des tentatives peuvent être faites pour troubler le repos et la tranquillité publique, que notre devoir est de maintenir : nous serons donc constamment sur nos gardes. Notre service journalier continuera à être commandé à domicile, des rappels nous rassembleront pour les revues et exercices de bataillons; une marche de nuit nous indiquerait la nécessité de nous réunir sur-le-champ pour prévenir quelques projets de trouble et de discorde; la générale nous indiquerait un besoin plus pressant, la nécessité d’être sur nos gardes dès en sortant de nos maisons, et nous trouverions des cartouches aux lieux (les réunions de nos compagnies. Un danger plus pressant encore nous serait indiqué par un coup de canon de gros calibre, tiré du château, auquel il serait répondu par un autre tiré du stationnaire du bas de la Fosse la générale battait aussitôt. À ce signal chaque habitant serait amené d’éclairer ses croisées sur-le-champ, et tous les gardes nationaux devraient se rendre, au plus vite, au lieu de rassemblement de leurs compagnies, où ils trouveraient des chefs, des ordres, et, au besoin, des renforts de troupes de ligne. » Toutes ces dispositions sont communes à toutes les armes, et nous comptons également sur le zèle et sur le dévouement de tous nos concitoyens; j’espère qu’ils sont assurés de nous trouver au lieu où notre présence serait le plus utile. Messieurs les capitaines rapporteurs et secrétaires près les conseils de discipline sont priés, dans ces derniers cas, de se rendre à l’état-major, afin de s’utiliser et de suppléer, autant que possible, au manque d’officiers d’état-major. Le capitaine d’armement devra aussi se trouver à l’état-major. 1 gantes, ce 24 mai 1832. Le colonel NOBINEAU. » Cet ordre du jour a été approuvé par M. le maire de Nantes. » Personne digne de foi nous adresse les trois lettres suivantes du 1er mai, 26 mai, 4 heures du soir : » Hier matin, sur les quatre heures, un détachement du 1er bataillon des chasseurs : en garnison au Mans, partit pour se rendre dans la commune de Brulé. Son but était de s'assurer s'il était vrai qu'un grand rassemblement de chouans existât aux environs de cette commune, comme l'avait indiqué parvenir à la préfecture. Le soir à la brune, un gendarme se fit apporter la nouvelle que les chouans, au nombre de 300, servés par quelques soldats du 31e et les gardes nationales territoriales, mais que ces forces étaient insuffisantes pour lutter. À une heure et demie, les officiers de notre garde nationale firent venir les hommes et les rendirent sur le Pont Napoléon, et d'y réunir sans appel. À une heure de ce matin, onze compagnies. Chacun y vint avec empressement, et ils furent les héros de la journée. Les hommes bien décidés à ne faire aucun quartier. Ils partirent pour Brulé et les environs. Aujourd'hui, en revenant du matin, notre procureur du roi revenait des chasseurs à cheval. Il est reparti quatre heures après, escorté par quinze hommes. La nouvelle nous arrive que les chouans, à l'approche des nombreuses forces qui sont à leur poursuite, se sont repliés sur le département de la Mayenne. Mais ayant trouvé là des affidés qui les ont informés, ils viennent de rapporter que les troupes que le préfet de Laval dirigeait contre eux se sont repliées dans la forêt de Charnie, forêt ayant sept lieues de long et que si bien assurés de leur salut; cependant on redouble de garde. Nous arrivons des gardes nationales de tous les sexes partis pour leur secours avec empressement. Nos 500 hommes resteront demain; d'autres, en plus grand nombre, vont se réparer et remplacer. 80su la lettre d'un exprès, la lettre ci-inclus (voir ci-dessus, Parti ce mois de Denis-d'Orques) d'un capitaine de grenadiers, mon dressant. Je suis au nombre des 500 gardes nationaux ; je vous l'ai dit. Partis avec onze autres, soixante-dix de nos gens volontaires vont ce matin pour soutenir 150 soldats de la ligne, qui nous sont arrivés de Château-Gontaudin, pour la poursuite des chouans, qui ont désarmé la commune. Baudin. Les gens et les soldats partent dans cet instant, en chantant l'hymne, jusqu'à l'arrivée d'un chouan, nommé Rageot, qui partait de la ville, c'est un vieux chouan, très connu comme tel. Je profite de l'occasion à Saint-Denis-d'Orques (Sarthe), 26 mai. Le voyage. Vous ne reprossez pas de nous faire part des résultats de la visite. Arrivé à Naples, sans doute appris que notre destination était pour les îles. On nous avait dit que les forces pourraient nous dire ce qu'il conseillait alors au commandant. Ce vive fusillade, à Saint-Denis. Arrivés à ce lieu, nous apprîmes qu'un soutien de conseil était entendu du côté de Ballée, ainsi qu'un mandat de recherche. Tous les hommes étant fatigués par le trajet de la vie, le bataillon a jugé à propos de les laisser se reposer sans instruction. Un gendarme a été expédié à Brulon pour recevoir des ordres de la part du général d'arriver ici, et il enjoint au commandant de se rendre près de lui demain matin. Je pars à l'instant avec mes gardes nationales. Nous mettrons en marche demain matin. Ces postes font partie de l'expédition sont animés du plus grand zèle. Les soldats de l'expédition ont sans aucun doute. Sous le commandement de la . Partie précipité, l'enthousiasme qu'ils éprouvent de grandes privations. Le plus regrettable aspect de l'expédition a été sans aucun doute la capture et la mort de Gauvrit. Le Breton dit que ce n'est point par lui qu'on a fait le coup fatal; cet homme, dit ce journal, était un des meneurs de brigands; quand on l'arrêtait, il s'en félicitait en disant aux soldats qu'il était fatigué d'une existence que ses révélations feraient bientôt mieux connaître. Ces mots furent son arrêt de mort; on craignait ces révélations, qui pouvaient compromettre bien des gens, et l'attaque eut lieu pour avoir l'occasion de l'assassiner. Nous lisons ce qui suit dans le Breton, de Nantes, journal qui a longtemps soutenu le ministère du 13 mars : « Au milieu des sentiments pénibles dont on se sent agité à l'aspect des crimes qui se commettent dans nos pays, on se plaît à voir l'infatigable activité de nos troupes. Le zèle des soldats n'a point de bornes. Le 17e régiment est toujours sur pied dans la Vendée, et c'est lui qui fera partie des expéditions journalières dans lesquelles nous avons vu nos jeunes soldats faire des courses de 4 lieues en moins de 3 heures et demie. » Répétons donc encore au gouvernement qu'il doit reconnaître tant de dévouement, qu'il doit aider, appuyer, récompenser à qui se sacrifie pour la cause publique, et justice sévère aux hommes qui se font un jeu d'exciter le vol, le brigandage et l'assassinat. Tous les patriotes appellent au pouvoir un ministère qui comprenne enfin sa mission, qui entre loyalement dans une route de liberté et de franchise pour les amis du pays, et d'énergie contre nos ennemis. » Le roi a travaillé avec le ministre du commerce et ensuite avec M. le ministre de l'intérieur. À midi, le roi, la reine, Mlle Adélaïde et M. le duc de Nemours sont partis de Saint-Gloud pour Compiègne. Les députés de l'opposition se sont réunis aujourd'hui chez M. Laffitte; ils ont discuté le projet du compte-rendu qu'ils doivent publier; les en ont été adoptées. À quatre heures la réunion s'est séparée; les membres de la commission sont restés seuls chez M. Laffitte pour terminer leur travail qui sera probablement publié dans les journaux de demain. Le conseil des ministres s'est réuni hier au palais des Tuileries. M. le colonel Pichard est nommé commandant militaire du Louvre, dont M. le duc de Choiseul est gouverneur. M. le capitaine Parmentier est nommé adjudant de ce palais. M. Amanton, capitaine en retraite, est nommé adjudant du Palais de Madrid. Une décision du roi fixe à 4,000 fr. le traitement des commandants militaires de châteaux royaux, et à 3,000 fr. celui des adjudants. Voici ce que nous savons de l'organisation médicale de la maison du roi: M. Marc, père, médecin du roi et de la famille royale; M. Auvity, médecin des enfants; M. Pasquier, premier chirurgien du roi; M. Pasquier fils, chirurgien ordinaire; M. Marchand, médecin du château; M. Paris, médecin de la maison royale de santé; M. Leclier, médecin des écuries. Il y a quatre médecins par quartier, qui sont MM. Marc fils, Ribes fils, Blandin, Hortecloup. Les médecins consultants dont nous savons les noms, sont MM. Andral fils, Fouquier, Chomel, Husson, Kéraudren, Renaudin, etc. Parmi les chirurgiens consultants, nous avons retenu les noms de MM. Dubois, Noyer, Roux, Marjolin. (Messager.) On annonce le départ de M. de Rumigny, aide-camp du roi pour le département de la Vendée. La nature de sa mission n'est point connue mais s'il fallait juger d'avance du résultat, par le souvenir de son premier voyage, sa nouvelle tournée dans l'Ouest ne paraît point propre à assurer les mesures répressives qu'il serait enfin bien temps de prendre. Par ordonnance du roi, en date du 26 avril 1832, le traitement des membres du conseil royal de l'instruction publique est réduit à 10,000 fr à partir du 1er mai 1832. Le traitement du vice-président du conseil (M. Villemain) est fixé à 15,000 fr. — La mort de M. Cuvier a mis en mouvement toutes les ambitions scientifiques. Aujourd'hui M. Geoffroy St-Hilaire s'est mis sur les rangs pour sa place de secrétaire perpétuel de l'académie des sciences et M. Arago donné lecture de la lettre dans laquelle le savant naturaliste énumère tous les titres qu'il croit avoir au choix de ses collègues. Les autres candidats sont encore inconnus, et il est vrai de dire que l'opinion publique n'est pas plus embarrassée que l'académie des sciences elle-même pour désigner un successeur à M. Cuvier. La place de secrétaire perpétuel pour les Sciences physiques exige un savant qui réunisse en quelque sorte toutes les connaissances humaines. Il faut être à la fois physicien, chimiste, minéralogiste, botaniste, naturaliste, médecin, etc., et chose plus difficile pour un savant, il faut être un écrivain habile et un littérateur plein de goût. Toutes les qualités se réunissaient chez M. Cuvier à un degré très élevé et c'est ce qui rend le choix de son successeur si difficile. Néanmoins, on dit que M. Geoffroy St-Hilaire a des chances d'élection. La candidature de M. Geoffroy a été le point capital de la séance, qui a été remplie par la lecture d'un mémoire de M. Dureau de la Malle sur les valeurs monétaires des Romains. Ce travail, qui contenait une critique des idées de M. Letronne sur le même sujet, s'adressait plutôt à l'académie des inscriptions aussi nous ne comprenons guère pourquoi M. Dureau de la Malle, qui est membre de la classe des inscriptions, est venu ainsi enlever à l'assemblée la plus grande part du temps qu'elle consacre tous les huit jours à des travaux d'une utilité plus immédiate et d'une plus haute importance. Dans sa séance d'avant-hier, l'Académie des beaux-arts de l'Institut a procédé, par la voie du scrutin, à la formation de la liste des candidats pour remplir la place vacante par le décès de M. Lethière. Les candidats sont MM. Blondel, Paul de Laroche, Drolling, Picot, Abel de Pujol, Schnetz - anglais, Stenberg, Delorme, Rouget, M. Villemens, juge de paix du 8e arrondissement de Paris, et ancien chef de division de la préfecture de la Seine, vient de mourir à l'âge de 74 ans. M. Auguste Cuignier nous écrit que nous avons rapporté inexactement le toast qu'il a porté hier au banquet allemand. Une lettre d'Alexandrie, sans indication de date, insérée dans un journal de Toulon, porte ce qui suit : « La flotte de Méhémed-Ali vient de rentrer dans notre port elle a été battue par les forts de Saint-Jean-d'Icre, devant lesquels elle avait été embouchée. Ibrahim-Pacha a été obligé de lever le siège de cette place. On assure qu'il va ramener ses troupes en Égypte. Les affaires du pacha prennent une fort mauvaise tournure. On dit que le grand-seigneur, votre fait des fonds armés contre lui. » — On écrit de Brest, 24 mai : « La corvette de charge la Dordogne, attendue journellement de Rochefort, doit être désarmée à son arrivée à Brest. L'état-major et l'équipage seront sur la Saône. Cette dernière corvette doit porter à Bourbon Cuvillier, contre-amiral, nommé gouverneur de cette colonie. Le départ du brick l'Endymion paraît pressant. On dit qu'il appareillera demain. » La corvette L'Allier a reçu hier ses dernières troupes : elle est en appariement. Ce bâtiment a près de 600 hommes à bord, dont 500 passagers. » Le conseil des ministres s'est réuni aujourd'hui au palais des Tuileries. (Moniteur.) — On écrit de Toulon, 23 mai : « La nouvelle que M. Goubault, préfet du Var, était mort à la suite d'une amputation, avait couru ici hier; on a appris aujourd'hui qu'elle n'avait pas été faite, et que peut-être elle ne serait pas jugée nécessaire. On lui a fait seulement l'extraction d'un os du pied gauche. Le gouvernement vient de freter encore trois derniers hôtels pour la côte d'Afrique. Deux de ces hôtels sont en destination pour Oran et l'autre pour Alger. Ils ont mis en appareillage pour Alger aujourd'hui avec pour passagers cent vingt militaires appartenant au train d'artillerie, plusieurs officiers de différentes armes allant rejoindre leur corps. On dispose dans ce port la corvette la Brillante pour être mise à l'eau en présence du duc d'Orléans, dont l'arrivée prochaine est officiellement annoncée. On lit dans le Précurseur de Lyon, du 25 mai : « Le fait suivant, qui s'est passé à Vienne, hier mardi, est une preuve irrécusable de la vive sympathie qu'a inspirée de toutes parts la cause des nobles, dans les débats sanglants qui se sont élevés entre les habitants de cette ville et les militaires du 35e de ligne. » À l'arrivée sur la place d'armes du 1er bataillon de ce régiment, l'officier commandant le poste de la garde nationale a formellement refusé l'ordre exprès et réitéré des chefs, de rendre à ce corps les honneurs militaires, et il a fallu recourir au sergent du poste pour faire comprendre la garde. Que d'actions de grâces le 35e de ligne doit déjà au système de force 13 mars ! — On écrit de Metz, 26 mai : « M. le lieutenant-général Hulot est arrivé à Metz, depuis quelques jours pour prendre le commandement de la 3e division militaire. » On nous écrit de Chinon : Notre compatriote, M. Jules Tascheron, ancien secrétaire-général de Seine, ralliera tous les suffrages des hommes qui regardent comme mauvais la marche du ministère. Nous remplacerons ainsi par un représentant terme, indépendant et éclairé, un mandataire dévoué à toutes les volontés du pouvoir, et parfaitement incapable. En vain les preneurs du tiers du 13 mars s'en vont promettant aux électeurs, au nom du candidat-ministre, grâces et faveurs; chacun se rit de la prétendue influence de M. Girod, qui, à Paris, quant à sa qualité de membre du cabinet, est considéré comme un chapeau qui garde une place et qui ne la gardera pas longtemps. Du reste, le ridicule dont ce candidat s'est couvert par la manière dont il a présidé la session dernière, a tellement débandé sa clientèle, que la préfecture a songé à faire un autre choix, et qu'elle vient de mettre en avant un autre compétiteur déjà évincé par les électeurs de Tours, et qui ne sera pas plus heureux chez nous. Toutes ces menées prouvent l'embarras des défenseurs d'un système qui se meurt, et dont l'agonie a déjà commencé. Si, comme il n'est pas permis d'en douter, tous les électeurs patriotes se rendent au collège, le nom de M. Tascheron sera proclamé, et l'arrondissement de Chinon aura enfin un représentant compris nos besoins et nos vœux. Nous lisons dans le Journal du Loiret, du 27 mai : « À propos des souscriptions d'enthousiasme, il se fait un relevé des signataires pour le don de chardon au duc de Bordeaux. On assure que la liste très-grande nombre des souscripteurs de cette époque sont aussi en tête de la liste qui circule en France pour le monument qui doit être érigé à M. Casimir Périer. "L'ancienne armée vient encore de perdre un de ses glorieux débris." M. Guy, chef de bataillon d'artillerie, et commandant de place à Orléans, est mort le 26 en cette ville, dans sa 58e année, à la suite d'une longue et douloureuse maladie. M. Guy, parti dans la révolution comme simple volontaire, s'était élevé par sa seule bravoure. Chacun de ses grades fut le prix d'une action d'éclat. Nous nous écrivons du département du Bas-Rhin, 23 mai : Le 20 du courant, deux militaires du 5e léger, en garnison à Lauterbourg, s'étant rendus à la fête du village de Schertzbourg (Bavière), furent assaillis à coups de sabre et blessés grièvement par deux gendarmes javelot. L'un d'eux est mort des suites de ses blessures. Le lendemain, la compagnie dont faisaient partie les deux militaires français se disposait à se rendre en Bavière pour obtenir vengeance, lorsque l'un des officiers supérieurs du 5e léger, instruit de ce projet, s'est porté sur la rencontre de la compagnie qui a obéi à l'ordre de cet officier, et s'est retirée immédiatement à la caserne. L'information est commencée par les soins de M. le procureur du roi de Wissembourg et d'un juge de paix bavarois. On écrit de Toulon, 23 mai : La frégate la Bellone, commandée par M. Mathieu, capitaine de frégate, a mouillé ce matin sur notre rade où elle a déposé vingt hommes de l'équipage du Carlo-Alberto. Pendant leur long séjour à bord de la frégate, ces malheureux ont subi plusieurs interrogatoires, qui ont présenté, comme des contradictions étonnantes. Un seul homme né français, établi depuis longtemps à Livourne, et maître mécanicien du bord, a fait des révélations d'une assez grande importance. Il résulte de ces dépositions qui ne lui ont pas été arrachées sans peine, que le 29 avril le Carlo-Alberto trouvait dans la nuit très-près de l'atterrissage de Marseille que la force du vent du nord-ouest l'empêchait seul d'aborder. On fit beaucoup de signaux sur tout le prolongement de la côte, soit avec des fusées, soit avec des feux; quelques-uns des passagers étaient presque toujours sur le pont et descendaient souvent dans la grande chambre, sans doute pour rendre compte de ce qui se passait entre le bâtiment et la terre. Questionné sur l'existence à bord du Carlo-Alberto de la duchesse de Berry, le même mécanicien a répondu que le jour de leur départ de Livourne, elle fit monter tout l'équipage sur le pont, où après avoir fait placer tout le monde sur deux rangs, elle en passa l'inspection et adressa plusieurs fois la parole à l'équipage, soit aux passagers qui se trouvaient auprès d'elle et dont les figures rayonnaient de joie et d'espérance. Depuis cette époque, occupé de la mécanique, il n'a plus eu d'occasion de voir la duchesse. Le plus grand secret sur tous ces interrogatoires a été recommandé, ordonné même à tous les officiers, marins et autres des équipages de la Bellone, du Sphinx, et du Nageur. Tant de précautions décèlent quelque chose d'extraordinaire dans cette affaire. Voilà ce qui suit dans l'Éclairateur de la Méditerranée, journal de Toulon, qui nous parvient par voie extraordinaire : « Nous devons faire connaître à nos lecteurs le fait suivant, dont nous garantissons la vérité, et que les autorités de Marseille doivent connaître aussi bien que nous. Dans la nuit du 28 au 29 avril, le bateau à vapeur le Charles-Albert est arrivé en vue du phare de Planets. Il a montré un feu qui a été aperçu par un bateau-pilote. Celui-ci a répondu par trois autres feux, c'était le signal convenu. Le bateau-pilote s'est alors approché du Charles-Albert; il a reçu quatre passagers, trois hommes et la duchesse de Berry, qui ont été embarqués en France. Le bateau à vapeur sarde est ensuite allé à Port-de-Bouc ou de Saint-Priest a cherché à se faire donner un certificat de débarquement de sept passagers, afin de pouvoir faire croire, en cas d'accident, que la duchesse de Berry avait débarqué en Catalogne; ce certificat lui a été refusé, et il est revenu à la Ciotat, où il a été pris. » Le Messager annonce ce soir que la duchesse de Berry a été reçue à Figuières sur la frontière d'Espagne, et qu'elle s'y trouvait avec M. de Tourmen. Il ajoute que le gouvernement est instruit de cette nouvelle. — On lit dans l'Aviso de Toulon, du 23 : « Nous voyons avec joie le patriotisme se rallumer. Mais, en même temps, par une combinaison bien digne du juste-milieu et pour apaiser les murmures de la gent légitimiste, on a commencé une procédure contre les auteurs du charivari donné à M. Thiers. Les limiers de la police s'en vont quêtant dans les cabarets et carrefours des renseignements sur ces conspirateurs de second ordre, qui du moins ne font pas leurs coups à la sourdine et qu'on peut par conséquent trouver et punir. Vingt-deux jeunes gens patriotes sont déjà signalés et figurent dans l'instruction comme accusés. On lit dans le Courrier du Gard du 24 : « Le sous-préfet d'Arles et le procureur du roi de l'arrondissement, accompagnés de 60 hommes de troupes de ligne, se sont rendus ces jours derniers en Camargue, au château d'Avignon, pour enquêter sur ce qui s'y était passé le 13. Il paraît que ce jour-là les ouvriers, réunis pour l'exploitation de cette vaste propriété, que possède actuellement une société dont M. de Bouillé est le principal actionnaire, arborèrent le drapeau blanc et se portèrent aux Saintes-Maries, où ils tentèrent de désarmer le poste. Repoussés dans leur entreprise, ils retournèrent au château d'Avignon, dont on assure que les propriétaires n'étaient point étrangers à ce mouvement séditieux. On écrit de Milhau (Aveyron), le 18 mai : « Le dimanche 6 mai, 4 ou 5 jeunes gens de Milhau étant allés se promener au village de Creissels, entrèrent dans une guinguette pour s'y rafraîchir. Mais bientôt une foule de personnes portant des fleurs blanches à la boutonnière et au chapeau, pénétra dans la salle, et n'ayant pu contraindre les Millavois à cesser les chants patriotiques auxquels ils se livraient, les injuria et leur arracha la cocarde tricolore qu'ils portaient au chapeau. Amis de ceux-ci, instruits de ce qui venait de se passer, et pleins d'indignation de l'outrage fait aux couleurs nationales, résolurent d'aller sur-le-champ demander à M. le maire de Creissels la restitution immédiate des cocardes enlevées. On partit en effet à 10 heures du soir. À leur approche, les villageois se retirèrent dans le jardin de M. de Gualy, qui domine Creissels, lancèrent des pierres sur les arrivants et en blessèrent quelques-uns. M. le maire fit rendre les cocardes, et on se retira. Le lendemain, l'autorité de Milha établit un piquet de garde nationale à la sortie de la ville, du côté de Creissels, afin que les jeunes gens ne se portassent point à ce village ; mais cette précaution prudente ne fut point nécessaire, puisque les cocardes avaient été rendues, et qu'on était satisfait. (Journal de l'Aveyron.) —Les henriquinquistes de Carpentras (Vaucluse) ne se découragent pas plus que ceux de la Vendée, pas plus que ceux de quelques villes du Midi. Dans la nuit du 18, ils ont affiché sur les murs le placard suivant, que la police a fait arracher dans la matinée : « Mes amis, ne vous découragez pas, Henri V reviendra sous peu de temps, et dans quelque temps nous pourrons nous venger de QUELQUES-UNS qu'il y a dans la ville. Vive Henri V, mort à Floret, tombeur de croix. » (M. Floret est le sous-préfet de Carpentras.) (Sémaphore de Marseille.) —On lit dans le Patriote de la Côte-d'Or, du 20 mai : « On se plaint à Auxerre de ce qu'une forte quantité de poudre (80 kilogrammes environ), a disparu de la salle d'artifice de l'artillerie de la Sarthe nationale. Il nous suffira de signaler ce fait, et sans nul doute l'autorité prendra des mesures actives pour s'assurer des causes et de la destination de cette soustraction. » — Le Vigilant de Seine-et-Oise, du 28, contient ce qui suit : « Un journal de la capitale annonce qu'il va être formé un camp à Versailles, et que le château sera transformé en hôpital militaire. À l'égard d'un camp à Versailles, ce projet cadrait bien avec les mesures d'un ministère qui, en même temps qu'il néglige les frontières, concentre ses forces pour les opposer aux mécontentements populaires qu'il provoque; mais quant à l'hôpital, c'est, ainsi que nous l'avons annoncé, au Grand-Commun qu'il doit être établi, et le ministre de la guerre a déclaré, par lettre, au préfet, que cet hôpital n'était destiné qu'aux militaires des garnisons de Versailles, Rambouillet et Saint-Germain. « Les souscriptions au monument de M. Périer ne sont pas furent dans notre ville; l'exemple cependant a été donné par un partisan aussi rond du juste-milieu qu'il était actif dans les élections ministérielles sous la restauration. » On lit dans la même feuille : « Un élève de l'école militaire de Saint-Cyr, maintenant officier par la grâce du maréchal Soult, se vantait dernièrement à ses anciens camarades, d'avoir constamment, dans la Vendée, fait battre le rappel ou la générale, pour avertir les chouans lorsqu'il était chargé de faire, à la tête de sa troupe, quelque excursion contre eux. Voilà les hommes auxquels on confie les régiments français ! Cette franchise d'opinion est le reproche le plus sanglant à l'aveugle entêtement du ministère, qui laisse dans l'armée tant d'hommes hostiles à la cause nationale, en même temps qu'il en éloigne les patriotes éprouvés. C'est ce même esprit qui lui faisait simplement consigner des jeunes gens qui avaient figuré au service du duc de Berry, à Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois, et disgracier des élèves de l'École Polytechnique pour avoir signé l'association nationale contre l'invasion et le retour de la branche aînée. » — On écrit de Saint-Cyr : « Le ministre de la guerre a confirmé l'ordre du général Richemont, qui consigne à la porte de l'École militaire le partisan légitimiste qui s'était présenté au parloir avec un ruban vert liseré de blanc. Il paraît que la mesure du général a surtout été provoquée par la déclaration positive des élèves patriotes d'en faire justice en expulsant eux-mêmes ce propagateur de la foi carliste, s'il revenait à la charge. Le même personnage, revêtu des mêmes insignes, suivait à cheval, il y a quelques jours, le bataillon de l'école en promenade ; un grand nombre des élèves, en l'apercevant, entonnèrent la Marseillaise. Lorsque les élèves sont surpris lisant quelque journal de l'opposition, on les consigne pour plusieurs jours. On leur permet cependant, deux fois la semaine, de faire de la politique avec les Débats et le Moniteur, qu'ils trouvent à la bibliothèque. (Vigilant de Seine-et-Oise.) On écoute de Rambouillet : Dans la nuit de jeudi à vendredi, le feu s'est manifesté dans la grange d'une ferme voisine de cette ville. La population, réveillée par le bruit du tocsin, s'est portée avec empressement sur le théâtre de l'incendie; mais on n'a pu sauver la récolte renfermée dans la grange; tout a été la proie des flammes. On ne doute pas que ce désastre ne soit l'œuvre de la malveillance. La Gazette constitutionnelle de l'Allier, du 26 mai, contient la nouvelle suivante : Hier, la compagnie à cheval de la garde nationale de Moulins, une brigade de gendarmerie et un escadron du 6e hussards sont partis en toute hâte pour la commune de Coulanges. Le préfet, le général commandant le département, M. le procureur du roi et M. le juge d'instruction se sont également mis en route pour la même commune. Il paraît que cette localité a été, dans la journée du 24, le théâtre d'une émeute assez grave, dirigée contre la libre circulation des grains. Plusieurs voitures chargées de grains ont été arrêtées au moment où elles traversaient la commune de Coulanges. C'est en vain que le maire a fait tous ses efforts pour protéger le passage de ces voitures : son autorité a été méconnue; on dit même qu'il a essuyé les plus mauvais traitements ; les portes de l'église ayant été ouvertes de vive force par les perturbateurs, le tocsin a été sonné et on a vu accourir de toutes parts les paysans et ouvriers du canal, armés de fusils, de pioches, de faux : l'arrivée de trois gendarmes de la brigade de Dompierre, venus sur la réquisition du maire, n'a fait qu'exaspérer davantage l'irritation populaire, et cette force, impuissante contre un rassemblement de 4 ou 500 personnes, a dû se retirer pour éviter de plus grands malheurs. Le maire, dont la vie n'était plus en sûreté dans la commune, a été forcé d'aller demander un asile à son collègue de Pierrefitte. Les sacs qui formaient le chargement des voitures arrêtées, et qui avaient été déposés chez l'adjoint, ont été partagés entre les perturbateurs. Il est à noter que cette émeute a eu pour origine des motifs purement locaux, et qu'elle ne doit en aucun cas être rattachée à la série des mouvements révolutionnaires qui se sont déroulés en France depuis le 1er mars. Extrait du Journal de Rouen de ce matin, reçu par voie extraordinaire : "On aurait tort de prendre pour de l'indifférence le calme habituel de notre ville : toutes les fois qu'il s'agira de donner des témoignages d'adhésion aux principes de la révolution de juillet, on peut être sûr de rencontrer à Rouen une imposante majorité, nous dirions presque de l'unanimité, du moins parmi ce qui constitue la partie active et énergique de la population." La soirée d'hier en a fourni une preuve nouvelle. Au spectacle, immédiatement après l'ouverture de Fra Diavolo, le parterre, en masse, a demandé à grands cris la Marseillaise, et n'a voulu laisser commencer le premier acte que sur la promesse que cet hymne patriotique serait chanté pendant le premier entre-acte. Quand M. Joseph est venu accomplir cette promesse, les spectateurs ont répété en choeur le refrain : Aux armes, citoyens! donnant ainsi un éclatant démenti à ceux qui accusent de froideur la ville qui, la première, envoya ses volontaires pour aider les Parisiens à accomplir l'œuvre de la révolution. Dans le même moment, on a fait circuler dans la salle des billets invitant les amis de l'ordre légal à se trouver ce matin à neuf heures sur la place de la cathédrale, pour accompagner la procession au chant de la Marseillaise. « Les adversaires des processions n'auront pas besoin de recourir à ce moyen d'exprimer leur opinion, car nous avons appris que les processions ne se feraient pas. Les explications intervenues entre M. le préfet et d'autres autorités et M. l'archevêque de Rouen, ont décidé ce prélat à contre-mandement les cérémonies extérieures qu'il avait d'abord prescrites à son clergé. » — On nous écrit de Rougemont qu'un pauvre cordonnier étant mort, M. le curé, sous prétexte qu'il n'était marié que civilement, refusa de recevoir son corps à l'église, et prétendit même s'opposer à ce qu'on sonnât pour annoncer le décès de ce malheureux ouvrier. Cet acte d'intolérance a soulevé l'indignation générale, qui a fait justice de la conduite du curé ; mais celui-ci a voulu se venger, et s'il faut en croire la lettre que nous recevons, il serait parti aussitôt pour Ecole, menaçant de regagner ses montagnes et d'abandonner la cure et les habitants de Rougemont, qui ne paraissent pas beaucoup regretter l'intolérant pasteur. (Patriote franc-comtois.) — Malgré la persécution, le culte catholique français continue d'être exercé à Saint-Prix (Seine-et-Oise). Dimanche dernier, M. l'abbé Chatel, fondateur de l'église, s'y est rendu, et a lui-même donné la communion aux jeunes enfants de la commune. Cette cérémonie, qui avait attiré la population entière des communes environnantes, a eu lieu avec la plus grande pompe. Les gardes nationaux de Saint-Prix et des autres communes, y ont assisté en armes et en uniforme, et ont accompagné M. Chatel depuis la maison où il était descendu jusqu'à l'église, tant à l'office du matin qu'à celui du soir. Le lendemain il y a eu confirmation. On écrit de Longjumeau : « Depuis que le juste-milieu nous a mis dans une position politique aussi alarmante ; depuis qu'ils se sont pénétrés des écrits patriotiques de MM. Cormenin et Garnier-Pagès, les citoyens de ce canton ne veulent plus, comme il y a un an, s'abandonner aux perfides promesses d'une administration déplorable. Déjà quarante patriotes, tous appartenant nouvellement aux associations nationales, bien armés et équipés, viennent de s'organiser en compagnie. Ils ont juré de combattre par tous les moyens possibles les despotes, les lâches et les traîtres, et d'empêcher, au prix de leur sang, le retour d'une famille qui ne nous amènerait que la guerre civile, l'esclavage et l'échafaud. » (Le Vigilant.) — On écrit de Mantes, 27 mai : « Plus de 80 citoyens de toutes classes, officiers supérieurs, électeurs, fonctionnaires publics, gardes nationaux, ont souscrit pour offrir aujourd'hui un banquet à l'honorable M. Fiot, député patriote. » — On lit dans l'Echo du peuple, journal de Poitiers, du 26 mai : « Hier soir, quelques jeunes artistes patriotes se sont réunis pour donner une sérénade à M. Voyer-d'Argenson. C'est une nouvelle preuve de l'estime que l'on porte à cet honorable député, dont les principes furent toujours invariables et la conduite sans reproches. Si l'on rapproche cette circonstance du charivari donné à M. Dupont, et de la vive agitation causée par son retour, on verra de quel côté sont les sympathies nationales, et l'on essaiera probablement d'un autre système que celui du juste-milieu. Dans tous les cas, nous engageons M. le préfet de la Vienne à faire part de ces deux réceptions au gouvernement fort qu'il représente à Poitiers; il fera tout aussi bien que de provoquer certaines mesures coercitives dont nous nous abstiendrons de parler jusqu'à nouvel ordre, et qui du reste n'épouvantent que les enfants. En attendant, nous féliciterons les jeunes gens qui ont conçu l'heureuse idée de la patriotique sérénade, et bien plus encore le député consciencieux et patriote qui a su la mériter. » À — On lit dans la Sentinelle de Bayonne, du 24 mai : « Les détails que nous recevons d'Orthez sur le second charivari donné à M. de Saint-Cricq, nous fournissent l'occasion de rectifier quelques erreurs échappées à notre correspondant, relativement à la conduite que les autorités auraient tenue la veille. | 21,212 |
2013/92013E008009/92013E008009_PL.txt_22 | Eurlex | Open Government | CC-By | 2,013 | None | None | Portugueuse | Spoken | 7,545 | 12,079 | Considerando que:
Moçambique vai realizar as próximas eleições autárquicas, as eleições gerais e as eleições das assembleias provinciais no período de 2013 e 2014, após 5 anos do mandato constitucional dos órgãos eleitos nas últimas eleições.
Pergunto à Vice-Presidente/Alta-Representante:
—
Que diligência tomou ou prevê tomar no sentido de restabelecer a paz e a estabilidade em Moçambique?
—
Não antevê dificuldades para os próximos atos eleitorais naquele país?
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008255/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(10 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Ataque a paiol em Moçambique gera instabilidade
Segundo relatou recentemente a RDP África, houve um ataque a um paiol das Forças Armadas de Moçambique, na província de Sofala, em que morreram cinco soldados e aumentou a tensão e a preocupação sobre a situação político-militar.
1.
Tem a
Comissão conhecimento dos recentes acontecimentos em Moçambique?
2.
Como os avalia a
Comissão?
Resposta conjunta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(21 de agosto de 2013)
A Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente (AR/VP) condenou os atos de violência perpetrados em Moçambique, tendo apelado à contenção e ao respeito pela paz e pelo Estado de direito. A AR/VP apelou a que as diferenças políticas fossem ultrapassadas através do diálogo.
A mensagem da AR/VP foi enviada ao Governo moçambicano e aos representantes dos partidos políticos. A delegação da União Europeia em Maputo tem mantido contactos permanentes para apoiar o diálogo e encorajar iniciativas destinadas a reduzir a tensão. Embora tenham de ser os próprios moçambicanos a encontrarem as soluções para os seus problemas, a União Europeia tem vindo a promover ativamente o processo de diálogo.
A missão de acompanhamento eleitoral da UE constatou algumas melhorias a nível da legislação eleitoral, embora subsistam carências na sua aplicação. Os chefes de missão da União Europeia estão a ter em conta essas recomendações.
O clima de tensão política não favorece a participação o mais alargada possível nas eleições e, por esse motivo, a AR/VP espera que as discussões abordem as causas das tensões existentes e contribuam para criar um clima mais favorável. Independentemente do resultado dessas discussões, as ameaças ao processo democrático são absolutamente inaceitáveis. A AR/VP tomou nota igualmente de que o recenseamento eleitoral se processou de forma pacífica.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008228/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Attack on storeroom in Mozambique generates instability
RDP África recently reported an attack on an FADM (Mozambique Armed Defence Forces) storeroom, in Sofala province, which killed five soldiers and has increased tension and concern regarding the political and military situation.
Mozambique will hold its next local, general and provincial assembly elections between 2013 and 2014, following the five-year constitutional mandate of the bodies elected in the last elections.
— What steps has the Vice-President/High Representative taken or will she take to restore peace and stability in Mozambique?
— Does she foresee difficulties for the country’s upcoming elections?
Question for written answer E-008255/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(10 July 2013)
Subject: Attack on an arms depot in Mozambique causes instability
RDP África recently reported an attack on an FADM (Armed Forces for the Defence of Mozambique) arms depot in Sofala province, in which five soldiers died, heightening tensions and concerns regarding the political and military situation.
1.
Is the Commission aware of the recent events in Mozambique?
2.
What is its assessment of them?
Joint answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(21 August 2013)
The HR/VP has condemned acts of violence in Mozambique encouraging restraint and respect for peace and the rule of law. She has called for political differences to be resolved through dialogue.
The HR/VP's message has been transmitted to the Government of Mozambique and to representatives of political parties. The EU Delegation in Maputo maintains regular contacts to support dialogue and encourage initiatives to reduce tension. It is Mozambicans themselves that must find solutions to their problems, but the European Union is actively promoting the dialogue process.
The EU Election Follow-up Mission reported on improvements in the electoral legislation and continuing weakness in implementation. EU Heads of Mission are acting on the recommendations.
The climate of political tension is not conducive to holding elections with the widest possible participation and for that reason the HR/VP hopes that discussions will address the causes of tension and establish a more propitious climate. Whatever the outcome of such discussions, threats to the democratic process are not acceptable. The HR/VP notes that the electoral registration was conducted in a peaceful atmosphere.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008230/13
à Comissão (Vice-Presidente/Alta Representante)
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: VP/HR — Conflitos no Líbano
Considerando que:
—
Pelo menos 12 soldados libaneses morreram nas últimas horas em sequência de confrontos com militantes sunitas na cidade de Sídon, sul do Líbano, a 40 quilómetros de Beirute;
—
Na origem da violência sectária estarão divergências sobre o conflito na Síria, desde que o Hezbollah decidiu apoiar o Governo de Bashar al-Assar na guerra civil na Síria;
—
A tensão no Líbano tem vindo a aumentar de dia para dia, e as eleições parlamentares foram mesmo adiadas.
Pergunto à Vice-Presidente/Alta-Representante:
Tem conhecimento desta situação?
De que dados dispõe sobre o atual ponto da situação no Líbano?
Resposta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(3 de setembro de 2013)
A UE está consciente e, ao mesmo tempo, preocupada com os acontecimentos referidos pelo Senhor Deputado.
O Líbano está profundamente afetado pelo conflito na Síria. A UE considera que o abrandamento das tensões é uma prioridade. É prestado total apoio às forças armadas libanesas nos seus esforços para restabelecer a ordem. A UE está igualmente a apoiar financeiramente o Líbano para fazer face à crise sem precedentes de refugiados da Síria. Além disso, a UE apoia energicamente a formação precoce do Governo e apela a todos os intervenientes políticos para respeitarem a política oficial do Líbano de separação entre a crise da Síria e a situação interna do Líbano.
A Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente visitou o país em 17 e 18 de junho, tendo recordado o apoio da UE à política do Líbano de separação em relação ao conflito na Síria. A AR/VP também exorta todas as partes a darem mostras de contenção e a respeitarem inteiramente os compromissos assumidos na declaração de Baabda.
Na sequência dos confrontos violentos ocorridos em Sídon, a AR/VP emitiu uma declaração, em 26 de junho, reiterando o compromisso da UE para com o Líbano sobre a paz, a unidade, a soberania e a independência, em apoio a todas as instituições nacionais nos seus esforços para preservar a paz e a segurança. A UE também apoia o sistema judicial na luta contra a impunidade e na responsabilização de todos os que recorrem à violência.
Por último, a UE, através da sua delegação em Beirute, acompanha continuamente e analisa a situação no terreno, em diálogo com as principais partes interessadas, a fim de tomar as medidas adequadas, em especial nas atuais circunstâncias, de acordo com o contexto político.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008230/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Conflict in Lebanon
— At least 12 Lebanese soldiers have been killed in the last few hours following clashes with Sunni militants in the city of Sidon, southern Lebanon, 40 kilometres from Beirut.
— The sectarian violence stems from disagreements over the conflict in Syria which began when Hezbollah decided to support Bashar al-Assad’s government in the Syrian civil war.
— Tension in Lebanon is mounting daily, and parliamentary elections have been postponed.
Is the Vice-President/High Representative aware of this situation?
What information does she have on the current state of play in Lebanon?
Answer given by High Representative/ Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(3 September 2013)
The EU is both aware and concerned of the events referred to by the Honourable Member.
Lebanon is deeply affected by the conflict in Syria. The EU believes that de-escalating tensions is a priority. Full support is provided to the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in their efforts to restore order. The EU is also assisting financially Lebanon to cope with unprecedented Syrian refugee crisis. Furthermore, the EU strongly supports an early formation of the Government and calls on all political actors to respect Lebanon's official policy of dissociation.
The High Representative/Vice-President visited the country on 17-18 June and recalled EU support for Lebanon's policy of dissociation from the conflict in Syria. The HR/VP also urged all the parties to show restraint and fully abide by the commitments made in the Baabda Declaration.
Following the violent events in Sidon, the HR/VP issued a statement on 26 June reiterating the EU commitment to Lebanon's peace, unity, sovereignty and independence, in support of all national institutions in their efforts to preserve peace and security. The EU also supports the judiciary in combating impunity and holding to account all those who resort to violence.
Finally, the EU, through its Delegation in Beirut, is continuously monitoring and analysing the situation on the ground in dialogue with key stakeholders in order to take the appropriate measures, particularly under the present circumstances, according to the political context.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008231/13
à Comissão (Vice-Presidente/Alta Representante)
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: VP/HR — Síria — novo balanço de vítimas
Considerando que:
—
Segundo o Observatório Sírio dos Direitos Humanos, pelo menos 100 191 pessoas, na maioria civis, morreram desde o início da revolta contra o Presidente Bashar al-Assad, e há ainda mais de 10 mil detidos pelo regime cuja localização é desconhecida;
—
O mesmo acontece com várias centenas de soldados capturados pelos grupos rebeldes;
Pergunto à Vice-Presidente/Alta-Representante:
Que dados possui relativamente a esta matéria?
Resposta dada pela Alta Representante/Vice-Presidente Catherine Ashton em nome da Comissão
(26 de agosto de 2013)
A UE não dispõe de estimativas próprias do número de mortes na Síria e recorre às estimativas facultadas pelas Nações Unidas. A AR/VP condenou, em inúmeras declarações, a continuação da violência na Síria e, juntamente com os Estados‐Membros, apoiou os esforços dos organizadores (EUA, Rússia e ONU) para convocar a Conferência de Genebra sobre a Síria (Genebra II).
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008231/13
to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative)
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: VP/HR — Syria: new death toll
— According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least 100 191 people, mostly civilians, have been killed since the start of the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad, and the whereabouts of more than 10 000 people who are being held by the regime are unknown.
— The same goes for several hundred soldiers captured by rebel groups.
What information does the Vice-President/High Representative have on this matter?
Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Ashton on behalf of the Commission
(26 August 2013)
The EU does not possess its own estimates of the death toll in Syria and relies on estimates provided by the United Nations. The HR/VP in her numerous statements has condemned the continuation of violence in Syria and together with Member States has supported the organisers (the US, Russia and the UN) in their efforts to convene the Geneva Conference on Syria (Geneva II).
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008232/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Possível segundo resgate para Portugal
Considerando que:
Em análise recente à situação portuguesa, o Royal Bank of Scotland diz que a subida recente das taxas de juro da dívida portuguesa torna «questionável» que o País consiga regressar ao financiamento no mercado. O segundo resgate torna-se provável e pode incluir formas «suaves» de perdão da dívida.
Pergunta-se à Comissão:
—
Concorda com esta análise?
—
Como vê a possibilidade de um segundo resgate para Portugal?
Resposta dada por Olli Rehn em nome da Comissão
(26 de setembro de 2013)
A Comissão não está de acordo com a análise referida.
É certo que durante a recente crise política o rendimento das obrigações portuguesas aumentou de forma significativa. Contudo, com a confirmação da remodelação do Governo pelo Presidente da República português e a apresentação pelo Governo do programa para dois anos, os spreads diminuíram novamente, embora ainda se mantenham acima dos níveis atingidos em meados de maio de 2013. A este respeito, a aplicação integral dos acordos celebrados com parceiros internacionais por ocasião da 7.a revisão do Programa de Ajustamento é essencial para reforçar a confiança dos mercados.
Por conseguinte, cabe ao Governo tranquilizar os mercados quanto ao seu compromisso de assegurar o êxito desse programa. O Governo terá uma excelente oportunidade para transmitir esta mensagem na próxima revisão do programa na segunda quinzena de setembro de 2013.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008232/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Possible second bailout for Portugal
In a recent analysis of the situation in Portugal, the Royal Bank of Scotland said that the recent rise in interest rates on Portuguese debt make it ‘questionable’ as to whether the country will be able to return to financing on the market. The second bailout is becoming likely and may include ‘mild’ forms of debt relief.
— Does the Commission agree with this analysis?
— How does it view the possibility of a second bailout for Portugal?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(26 September 2013)
The Commission does not agree with this analysis.
It is correct that during the recent political crisis yields for Portuguese bonds rose sharply. However, with the confirmation of the reshuffled government by the Portuguese President and the government's presentation of the two-year programme, spreads have come down again although they remain above the levels reached by mid-May 2013. In this respect, a full implementation of the agreements reached with international partners on the occasion of the 7th review of the Adjustment Programme is essential to reinforce markets confidence.
It is therefore in the hands of the government to reassure markets about its commitment to taking the programme to a successful end. The government will have an excellent opportunity to bring home this message at the forthcoming programme review in the second half of September 2013.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008233/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Redução de crédito às empresas
Considerando que:
Portugal é o terceiro país da Zona Euro, depois da Espanha e da Eslovénia, onde o crédito às empresas registou um maior queda nos últimos dois anos, tendo o saldo dos empréstimos, de acordo com os dados divulgados, descido 12,7 %.
Esta situação é incompreensível num país onde vários bancos receberam apoio estatal.
Pergunta-se:
—
Tem a Comissão conhecimento desta situação?
—
O que tem feito a Comissão para que o crédito, essencial para promover o crescimento económico, chegue às empresas em Portugal?
Resposta dada por Olli Rehn em nome da Comissão
(19 de setembro de 2013)
No âmbito do Programa de Ajustamento Económico para Portugal, a Comissão acompanha de perto a situação relativa ao financiamento da economia, nomeadamente a concessão de crédito às empresas. Nos últimos dois anos, os empréstimos concedidos pelos bancos portugueses às empresas diminuíram continuamente, sobretudo durante a segunda metade de 2012. Em 2013, esta tendência abrandou, mas os valores anuais continuam a ser negativos (por exemplo, em junho, foi registada uma contração anual de 4,7 %).
O montante do crédito concedido às empresas reflete fatores de oferta e procura. No que respeita à oferta, o sobre-endividamento dos setores público e privado reduziu significativamente a classificação de crédito do país. Em consequência, os investidores associam um prémio relativamente elevado aos ativos portugueses. As restrições das condições de financiamento da economia no seu conjunto dificultam a obtenção pelas empresas, e pelas PME em especial, da totalidade do crédito de que necessitam a preço comportável. No que respeita à procura, o crédito é afetado pelo abrandamento da atividade económica, que leva as empresas a reduzir os seus planos de investimento.
A Comissão trabalha em estreita cooperação com o BEI e o FEI para promover o financiamento do setor empresarial. Quanto à resposta à pergunta E-005675/2013 (591) apresentada pelo Senhor Deputado sobre esta matéria, a Comissão nota que o BEI criou um novo instrumento financeiro comercial que poderia ser utilizado em Portugal para apoiar as empresas exportadoras.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008233/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Reduction in lending to companies
Portugal is the third euro area country after Spain and Slovenia where lending to companies has fallen most in the last two years; according to sources the stock of loans has gone down by 12.7%.
This is hard to comprehend in a country where several banks have received state support.
— Is the Commission aware of this situation?
— What has it done to ensure that credit, which is essential for promoting economic growth, reaches companies in Portugal?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(19 September 2013)
In the context of the Economic Adjustment Programme for Portugal the Commission closely monitors the situation regarding the financing of the economy, including credit supply to companies. Over the last two years, loans extended by Portuguese banks to companies recorded a continuous decrease, in particular during the second half of 2012. In 2013, this trend has become less intense but annual figures continue to be negative (e.g. in June, a contraction of 4.7% year-on-year was recorded).
The amount of credit extended to companies reflects both supply and demand factors. On the supply side, the over-indebtedness of the public and private sector reduced significantly the country's creditworthiness. As a consequence, investors put a relatively high premium on Portuguese assets. The restrictiveness of the financing conditions of the economy as a whole makes it more difficult for companies, and for SMEs in particular, to obtain the full amount of credit they need at an affordable price. On the demand side, credit extended to the economy is impacted by the downturn in economic activity, which leads companies to cut back on their investment plans.
The Commission works in close cooperation with the EIB and the EIF to promote the financing of the corporate sector. Concerning the reply to Question E-005675/2013 (592) put forward by the Honourable Member on this topic, the Commission notes that the EIB has designed a new trade finance instrument that could be used in Portugal to support exporting companies.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008234/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Regresso da Irlanda à recessão
Considerando que:
A poucos meses da saída da troica, a Irlanda está novamente em recessão. Os dados oficiais divulgados recentemente pelo gabinete de estatísticas irlandês surpreenderam os economistas, mostrando que a economia está, desde julho do ano passado, a enfrentar uma recessão técnica.
Pergunta-se à Comissão:
—
Como tem a Comissão acompanhado esta situação?
—
O que poderá ter originado o regresso da Irlanda à recessão?
—
O que poderá ser feito para inverter esta situação?
Resposta dada por Olli Rehn em nome da Comissão
(3 de setembro de 2013)
Na Irlanda, os dados do primeiro trimestre de 2013, bem como as séries históricas revistas, evidenciam a fragilidade da recuperação económica dos últimos dezoito meses. Um fator que contribui para esta situação é o facto de as exportações de mercadorias estarem em sintonia ainda mais estreita com a procura nos parceiros comerciais do que se pensava anteriormente. Fica igualmente patente que, por exemplo, o consumo privado foi mais resistente do que o inicialmente estimado. A debilidade do consumo privado primeiro trimestre de 2013 pode em larga medida ser explicada por fatores não recorrentes, tais como a alteração dos incentivos à habitação e aquisições. Os indicadores de alta frequência do segundo semestre, bem como a diminuição do desemprego, também apontam para um melhor desempenho futuro da economia irlandesa. Continua a prever-se para este ano um crescimento positivo do PIB (ainda que fraco).
A Comissão e os seus parceiros da troica mantêm um diálogo constante com as autoridades irlandesas e existe um amplo consenso quanto à análise das perspetivas, bem como quanto às políticas a adotar. Este facto sublinha a importância de insistir na urgência da agenda de reformas acordada nos domínios orçamental, financeiro e estrutural, que visa colocar o país numa trajetória sustentável a médio prazo, mesmo perante um anúncio de dados trimestrais mais desfavoráveis. A Comissão Europeia tem elogiado repetidamente as autoridades irlandesas pelo seu forte empenho no programa de ajustamento económico, e espera a sua conclusão com êxito até ao final de 2013.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008234/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Ireland falls back into recession
Just months before its exit from the Troika, Ireland is once again in recession. Official data recently released by the country’s Central Statistics Office have surprised economists and have revealed that the economy has been facing a technical recession since July last year.
— How has the Commission been monitoring this situation?
— What could have caused Ireland to fall back into recession?
— What can be done to reverse this situation?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(3 September 2013)
In Ireland, the data for Q1 2013, as well as the revised historical series point to the fragility of the economic recovery over the last eighteen months. One factor is that merchandise exports are even more closely attuned to trading partner demand than many previously thought. But it also shows that e.g. private consumption has been more resilient than first estimated. The weakness of private consumption in Q1 2013 can largely be explained by one-off factors such as changed incentives for house and purchases. High-frequency indicators through Q2, as well as falling unemployment also point to a more robust performance of the Irish economy going forward. Positive (but low) GDP growth is still expected this year.
The Commission and its Troika partners are in constant dialogue with the Irish authorities and there is strong agreement on the analysis of the outlook and the policy response. This underlines the importance to steadfastly stick to the agreed reform agenda in the fiscal, financial and structural areas which aim to put the country on a sustainable medium-term path, even in the face of e.g. one weaker-than-expected quarterly data release. The European Commission has repeatedly commended the Irish authorities for their strong commitment to the economic adjustment programme, and expects its successful completion by end-2013.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008235/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Plano combate ao desemprego dos jovens
Considerando que:
A Comissão Europeia divulgou, recentemente, um programa alargado de combate ao desemprego dos jovens. A preocupação assenta na gravidade dos números: seis milhões de europeus desempregados jovens em toda a Europa, com maior incidência em países como Portugal, Espanha e Grécia.
Pergunta-se:
—
Em que se baseia este programa?
—
Que verbas estão destinadas a Portugal no âmbito deste programa?
Resposta dada por László Andor em nome da Comissão
(30 de agosto de 2013)
1.
O Conselho adotou, em 2013, uma recomendação que estabelece mecanismos de garantia destinados à juventude. Os Estados-Membros comprometeram-se a garantir que todos os jovens europeus até aos 25 anos beneficiem de uma oferta de emprego de qualidade, formação contínua e formação em aprendizagem ou estágio, no prazo de quatro meses após terem deixado a escola ou terem ficado desempregados. A Iniciativa para o Emprego dos Jovens, a que se refere o Senhor Deputado, lançada em fevereiro pelo Conselho Europeu, tem por objetivo apoiar diretamente a Garantia da Juventude.
2.
A Iniciativa para o Emprego dos Jovens tem um orçamento de 6 mil milhões de euros e está aberta a todas as regiões com um nível de desemprego dos jovens superior a 25 %. A iniciativa será financiada ao abrigo da política de coesão, com 3 mil milhões de euros provenientes de investimentos do Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) e outros 3 mil milhões de euros de uma rubrica orçamental específica. Todas as regiões de Portugal serão elegíveis para financiamento. Após a adoção final dos regulamentos pertinentes, serão disponibilizados os números concretos referentes a Portugal.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008235/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Plan to combat youth unemployment
The Commission recently published a comprehensive programme to combat youth unemployment. The main concern is due to the severity of the numbers: six million young people across Europe are unemployed, with the highest incidence in countries such as Portugal, Spain and Greece.
— On what is this programme based?
— What funds are earmarked for Portugal under this programme?
Answer given by Mr Andor on behalf of the Commission
(30 August 2013)
1.
The Council adopted in 2013 a recommendation establishing a Youth Guarantee schemes. Member States have committed to ensure that all young Europeans under the age of 25 receive a good quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within four months of leaving school or becoming unemployed. The Youth Employment Initiative (YEI), the comprehensive programme that the Honourable Member refers to, launched by the February European Council aims to directly support the Youth Guarantee.
2.
The Youth Employment Initiative has a budget of EUR 6 billion and is open to all regions with a level of youth unemployment above 25%. The initiative will be funded within the Cohesion Policy by EUR 3 billion coming from targeted investment from the European Social Fund (ESF) and EUR 3 billion coming from a dedicated budget line. All of Portugal's regions will be eligible for funding. Concrete figures for Portugal will be available after final adoption of the relevant regulations.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008236/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Desemprego juvenil
Considerando que:
—
Atualmente, na UE, quase 5,6 milhões de europeus com menos de 25 anos estão sem trabalho;
—
Foram já atribuídos, com a concordância dos 27 estados-membros, 6 mil milhões de euros para criar uma «garantia jovem», destinada a oferecer uma oportunidade de formação, um emprego ou um estágio aos jovens nos quatro meses que se seguem à sua saída do sistema educativo ou entrada no mercado de trabalho;
—
Esta medida não faz face às reais necessidades sentidas, principalmente em países como Grécia ou Espanha, onde mais de metade dos jovens é afetada por este flagelo, e é uma repetição do que foi definido em 2000 na chamada Estratégia de Lisboa.
Pergunta-se à Comissão:
Que mais esforços poderá a U.E pôr em marcha para que este flagelo possa ser invertido?
Resposta dada por László Andor em nome da Comissão
(30 de agosto de 2013)
A Iniciativa para o Emprego dos Jovens visa dotar as regiões mais afetadas pelo desemprego juvenil de financiamentos adicionais, no contexto da Garantia para a Juventude. Subsequentemente, a Comissão traduziu este objetivo na sua proposta alterada do Regulamento do Fundo Social Europeu para 2014-2020.
Na sua Comunicação «Apelo à ação contra o desemprego dos jovens» (593), a Comissão apresentou novas propostas para ajudar os Estados-Membros a combater o desemprego juvenil, instando à tomada de medidas urgentes, incluindo a adoção pelos Estados-Membros de planos de aplicação da Garantia para a Juventude; o recurso ao FSE; a aplicação acelerada da Iniciativa para o Emprego dos Jovens; um apoio à mobilidade da mão de obra intra-UE com a EURES; o apoio às PME; e medidas para facilitar a transição do ensino para o trabalho, através de aprendizagens e estágios.
O FSE continua a ser o principal instrumento financeiro da UE para apoiar o investimento em capital humano e, nesse contexto, o emprego dos jovens. Os recursos do FSE que os Estados-Membros afetam a esta questão, dentro e fora do âmbito da Iniciativa para o Emprego dos Jovens, implicam, pois, esforços ambiciosos. A Comissão velará por que, no período 2014-2020, os Estados-Membros atribuam a este objetivo financiamentos suficientes provenientes dos fundos da UE. A proposta de regulamento do FSE para o período de programação 2014-2020 inclui uma prioridade de investimento específico que visa a integração no mercado de trabalho dos jovens que não têm emprego nem se encontram em qualquer ação de educação ou formação.
O Fundo Social Europeu já proporciona um apoio significativo à integração dos jovens no mercado de trabalho:
http://ec.europa.eu/esf/main.jsp?catid=46&langid=en&theme=534&list=0
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008236/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Youth unemployment
— Nearly 5.6 million Europeans under the age of 25 are currently unemployed in the EU.
— With the agreement of the 27 Member States, EUR 6 billion has already been allocated to create a ‘youth guarantee’ which aims to offer young people training, a job or an internship within four months of leaving education or entering the job market.
— This measure does not address actual needs, especially in countries such as Greece and Spain, where more than half of young people are affected by this scourge, and simply repeats what was laid down in 2000 in the so-called Lisbon strategy.
What further action can the EU take to reverse this scourge?
Answer given by Mr Andor on behalf of the Commission
(30 August 2013)
The Youth Employment Initiative (YEI) aims to provide additional funding to Europe's worst affected regions with regard to youth unemployment, in the context of the Youth Guarantee. The Commission has subsequently reflected this in its amended proposal for the European Social Fund regulation 2014-2020.
The Commission has presented further proposals to support Member States in the fight against youth unemployment, in its communication ‘Call to action on youth unemployment
’
(594). It calls for urgent action on youth unemployment including the adoption of Youth Guarantee implementation plans by Member States; the use of the ESF; the front-loading of the YEI; support to intra-EU labour mobility through EURES; support for SMEs; and measures to ease the transition from education to work through apprenticeships and traineeships.
The ESF remains the main EU financial instrument to support human capital investment, and in that context youth employment. The ESF resources allocated by the Member States to this issue in and outside of the YEI would therefore require an ambitious effort. The Commission will monitor that Member States allocate sufficient funding to support this objective with EU funds in the 2014-2020 period. The 2014-2020 programming period proposal for ESF Regulation includes a specific investment priority on integration of young persons not in employment, education or training, into the labour market.
The European Social Fund already provides significant support to the integration of young persons into the labour market:
http://ec.europa.eu/esf/main.jsp?catId=46&langId=en&theme=534&list=0.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008237/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Continuação da queda dos salários em Portugal
Considerando que:
Segundo os técnicos da Comissão, em Portugal, «os custos unitários de trabalho nominais caíram significativamente em relação à média da zona euro nos últimos três anos e esta tendência deve continuar em 2013 e 2014.»
Este ajustamento dos custos unitários de trabalho deveu-se essencialmente à destruição de emprego e aos cortes salariais na função pública.
Pergunta-se:
—
Julga ainda haver margem para a continuação da redução do poder de compra dos portugueses?
—
Numa altura em que é necessário investir no crescimento económico, não lhe parece contraproducente o reequilíbrio da economia por via da redução dos salários, com as inerentes consequências no consumo e na receita fiscal?
Resposta dada por Olli Rehn em nome da Comissão
(26 de setembro de 2013)
A crise em Portugal teve a sua origem num grave problema de competitividade que conduziu a um nível insustentável da dívida. A perda de competitividade foi devida, em grande medida, à evolução dos custos unitários do trabalho, ou seja, os custos dos salários em relação à produtividade, quando se compara com a média da zona euro (ver gráfico). Esse desfasamento atingiu o seu máximo no primeiro trimestre de 2009 e, desde então, tem vindo a diminuir. Contudo, registou-se uma pequena inversão desta tendência em 2012/2013, após a reintrodução dos 13.o e 14.o salários no setor público em geral (administração pública e empresas públicas), que levou a um aumento dos custos do trabalho na economia em geral (595).
A evolução dos custos unitários do trabalho constitui uma prova da redução do desfasamento da competitividade em curso em Portugal, o que representa uma evolução positiva. O que importa no futuro é que a melhoria da competitividade resulte de uma maior produtividade e não de salários mais baixos. As reformas realizadas no quadro do Programa de Ajustamento Económico são, em grande medida, orientadas para essa finalidade.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008237/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Further wage cuts in Portugal
According to Commission experts, in Portugal ‘nominal unit labour costs have fallen significantly relative to the euro area average over the last three years, and this trend is expected to persist in 2013 and 2014.’
This adjustment to unit labour costs was mainly due to job losses and wage cuts in the public sector.
— Does the Commission believe there is still scope to further reduce the Portuguese’s purchasing power?
— At a time when it is necessary to invest in economic growth, does not it seem counterproductive to rebalance the economy by reducing wages, with the resulting consequences on consumption and tax revenue?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(26 September 2013)
At the root of the crisis in Portugal there has been a significant competitiveness problem which led to an unsustainable level of debt. The loss in competitiveness was driven, to a large extent, by the evolution of unit labour costs, i.e. wages relative to productivity, when compared with the eurozone average (see graph). The gap reached its maximum in the first quarter of 2009 and has since then been closing. However, a small reversal of this trend has occurred in 2012/2013 after the reinstatement of the 13th and 14th salary in the wider public sector (public administration and state-owned enterprises) which has led to an upward shift in labour costs for the economy as a whole. (596)
The evolution of unit labour costs is evidence of the ongoing reduction in the competiveness gap of Portugal, which is a welcome development. What will be important in future is that the improvement in competitiveness is brought about by higher productivity growth rather than lower wages. The reforms undertaken in the framework of the Economic Adjustment Programme are, to a large extent, geared towards this aim.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008238/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Impacto de contratos de derivados nas contas de Itália
Considerando que:
O Governo italiano poderá enfrentar um impacto de oito mil milhões de euros com custos associados a contratos de derivados financeiros que o país terá reestruturado após a crise financeira de 2008, segundo o «Financial Times».
Esta situação vem juntar-se ao aumento dos juros no último mês, em que os juros da dívida a 10 anos acumularam uma subida de 100 pontos base (um ponto percentual) e encontram-se nos 4,8 %.
Pergunta-se:
—
Tem conhecimento desta situação?
—
Esta exposição de Itália não pode agravar a sua situação e consequentemente levar a um resgate?
Resposta dada por Olli Rehn em nome da Comissão
(22 de agosto de 2013)
A Comissão não comenta os artigos publicados na imprensa.
A Comissão pode informar o Senhor Deputado de que as suas previsões da Primavera de 2013 têm em conta os efeitos negativos dos swaps para o défice público italiano de cerca de 0,2 % do PIB (3 mil milhões de euros) todos os anos.
Com base nas informações atualmente disponíveis, a Comissão não altera a sua avaliação dos défices públicos passados e futuros de Itália. As avaliações dos contratos de derivados pelos respetivos valores de mercado (market-to-market) — meras estimativas do valor de mercado destes contratos num momento específico — não implica perdas realizadas, pelo que não têm impacto nas contas públicas.
A Comissão acompanha de perto a evolução da situação económica e orçamental em Itália. Não obstante as flutuações recentes, as taxas a que é atualmente emitida dívida pública em Itália são sustentáveis.
A Comissão não especula acerca da probabilidade dos pedidos de assistência financeira dos Estados‐Membros.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008238/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Impact of derivative contracts on Italy's accounts
According to the Financial Times, the Italian Government could face EUR 8 billion in losses related to financial derivative contracts that the country restructured following the 2008 financial crisis.
This is in addition to rising interest rates in the last month, which have seen interest on the 10-year debt increase by 100 basis points (one percentage point) to 4.8%.
— Is the Commission aware of this situation?
— Could Italy’s exposure to these contracts worsen its situation and consequently lead to a bailout?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(22 August 2013)
The Commission does not comment on articles appearing in the press.
The Commission can inform the Honourable Member that its 2013 Spring Forecast takes into account the negative impact from swaps on Italy's government deficit of around 0.2% of GDP (EUR 3 billion) each year.
Based on currently available information, the Commission does not change its assessment of past and future government deficits in Italy. Mark-to-market valuations of derivatives — mere estimates of the market value of derivatives at a specific point in time — do not imply a realised loss and therefore don't have an impact on government accounts.
The Commission monitors closely Italian economic and budgetary developments. Notwithstanding recent fluctuations, the yields at which Italy is currently issuing public debt are sustainable.
The Commission does not speculate about the likelihood of financial assistance requests by Member States.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008239/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Reestruturação dos bancos portugueses
Considerando que:
A Comissão continua a atrasar a apresentação dos planos de reestruturação dos bancos em Bruxelas, defraudando as expectativas dos banqueiros portugueses relativamente ao calendário de aprovação desses planos impostos aos bancos que receberam apoio do Estado.
Os banqueiros esperavam fechar planos de reestruturação este mês de junho, mas já não será possível. O melhor cenário é o final de julho. O pior é o pós-férias.
Pergunta-se:
—
O que tem originado o atraso na apresentação desses planos de reestruturação?
—
Não será prejudicial para os bancos portugueses o atraso na apresentação e posterior implementação dos referidos planos?
Resposta dada por Joaquín Almunia em nome da Comissão
(9 de setembro de 2013)
Em 24 de julho de 2013, a Comissão adotou duas decisões que aprovam os planos de reestruturação da CGD e do BPI. Além disso, chegou a acordo com as autoridades portuguesas sobre o plano de reestruturação do capital do BCP, e prevê que, nas próximas semanas, poderá adotar uma decisão com base nesse acordo (ver comunicado de imprensa: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-738_pt.htm).
A CGD, o BPI e o BCP foram recapitalizados por Portugal em junho de 2012, dispondo os referidos bancos de seis meses após a data em que receberam as injeções de capitais públicos para apresentarem planos de reestruturação. A Comissão avaliou se os planos apresentados estavam em conformidade com as regras em matéria de auxílios estatais. Os referidos planos tinham de demonstrar, em especial, que os bancos seriam viáveis sem o apoio permanente do Estado, que contribuiriam suficientemente para os custos de restruturação e que incluiriam salvaguardas adequadas para limitar as distorções da concorrência criadas pelos auxílios estatais.
As discussões entre a Comissão e as autoridades portuguesas sobre o quarto banco português que recebeu auxílios estatais — o Banif — ainda estão em curso, nomeadamente porque este banco recebeu os auxílios estatais mais tarde do que os outros três bancos.
A Comissão só pode aprovar um plano de reestruturação quando o considerar conforme com as regras em matéria de auxílios estatais. Foram levadas a cabo discussões sobre os supramencionados planos entre a Comissão, as autoridades portuguesas, os bancos e os seus consultores.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008239/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Restructuring of Portuguese banks
The Commission continues to delay the presentation of bank restructuring plans in Brussels, thereby failing to meet Portuguese bankers’ expectations regarding the timetable for approving the plans imposed on banks that have received state support.
Bankers expected to finalise restructuring plans in June, but this will no longer be possible. The best scenario is the end of July; the worst is after the holidays.
— What has caused the delay in presenting these restructuring plans?
— Will the delay in presenting and subsequently implementing these plans be detrimental to Portuguese banks?
Answer given by Mr Almunia on behalf of the Commission
(9 September 2013)
On 24 July 2013, the Commission adopted two decisions approving the restructuring plans of CGD and BPI. It also reached an agreement with the Portuguese authorities on the restructuring plan of BCP and plans to adopt a decision on this basis in the coming weeks (see press release: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13-738_en.htm).
CGD, BPI and BCP were recapitalised by Portugal in June 2012. These banks had six months' time after the date of the public capital injections to submit restructuring plans. The Commission then assessed whether the submitted plans were in line with the state aid rules. In particular, the plans needed to demonstrate that the banks would be viable without continued State support, contribute to a sufficient level to the costs of restructuring and include adequate safeguards to limit the distortions of competition created by that State support.
Discussions between the Commission and the Portuguese authorities on the fourth Portuguese bank having received state aid — Banif — are still ongoing, in particular because that bank received state aid later than the other three banks.
The Commission will only approve a restructuring plan when it is satisfied that the plan is in line with the state aid rules. Discussions on the abovementioned plans were conducted between the Commission, the Portuguese authorities, the banks and their advisors.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008240/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Redução de impostos em Portugal
Considerando que:
Tem vindo a ser defendido em Portugal, nomeadamente por todas as confederações empresariais, a necessidade de se reduzirem os impostos, para com isso se libertarem meios financeiros para incrementar o consumo interno e, por essa via, o crescimento económico e a criação de emprego.
Pergunta-se:
—
Concorda a Comissão com esta visão para o crescimento económico e a criação de emprego?
—
Enquanto uma das partes integrantes da Troika, considera possível a redução deimpostos em Portugal?
Resposta dada por Olli Rehn em nome da Comissão
(12 de setembro de 2013)
A Comissão concorda que, no contexto atual, em que Portugal tem de apoiar uma atividade económica frágil sem abandonar o esforço de consolidação, a política fiscal continua a constituir um domínio de intervenção crucial. A Comissão entende que, embora a curto prazo se deva manter o nível global das receitas fiscais em Portugal, para fazer face à necessidade de uma consolidação orçamental substancial e de uma redução do peso da dívida, é importante prosseguir novas reformas fiscais que privilegiem fontes de receitas propícias ao crescimento. Pode conceber-se um sistema fiscal mais favorável ao crescimento e ao emprego, através, por exemplo, da eliminação das distorções que contribuem para os desequilíbrios macroeconómicos, transferindo a fiscalidade para os impostos com o menor efeito de distorção e reforçando o combate à fraude e à evasão fiscais.
(English version)
Question for written answer E-008240/13
to the Commission
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 July 2013)
Subject: Tax cuts in Portugal
The need to cut taxes, releasing financial resources to increase domestic consumption and, thereby stimulate economic growth and job creation, has been advocated in Portugal, particularly by business confederations.
— Does the Commission agree with this vision for economic growth and job creation?
— As an integral part of the Troika, does it believe that tax cuts are possible in Portugal?
Answer given by Mr Rehn on behalf of the Commission
(12 September 2013)
The Commission agrees that in the present context where Portugal needs to support fragile economic activity while continuing its consolidation effort, tax policy remains a crucial policy area. The Commission believes that while the total level of tax revenues in Portugal should be maintained in the short term, in order to meet the need for substantial fiscal consolidation and reduction of the debt burden, it is important to pursue further tax reforms that give priority to growth-friendly sources of taxation. A more growth and job-friendly tax system can be designed by, for example, removing distortions that contribute to macroeconomic imbalances, shifting taxation towards the least distortionary taxes and strengthening the fight against tax fraud and evasion.
(Versão portuguesa)
Pergunta com pedido de resposta escrita E-008241/13
à Comissão
Nuno Melo (PPE)
(9 de julho de 2013)
Assunto: Manutenção do FMI na Troika
Considerando que:
Têm sido manifestas as divergências entre as posições do FMI e da Comissão dentro da Troika.
| 9,531 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tresco%20%28Isole%20Scilly%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Tresco (Isole Scilly) | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tresco (Isole Scilly)&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 489 | 1,018 | Tresco (in lingua cornica: Ynys Skaw; 2,97 km²; 163 ab. circa) è una delle sei isole abitate dell'arcipelago delle Isole Scilly, arcipelago sull'Oceano Atlantico appartenente alla contea inglese della Cornovaglia. È - dopo St Mary's - la seconda isola più estesa dell'arcipelago.
Centri principali dell'isola sono Old Grimsby e New Grimsby.
Geografia
Collocazione
Tresco si trova tra le isole di Bryher e St Martin's (rispettivamente ad est della prima e a sud-ovest della seconda), a nord-est dell'isola di Samson e a nord-ovest dell'isola di St Mary's (da cui dista circa 1 miglio marino).
Territorio
Il territorio settentrionale dell'isola è caratterizzato da scogliere in granito e da brughiere, mentre quello meridionale si caratterizza per le ampie spiagge e la vegetazione subtropicale.
L'isola (unica tra le Scilly) è di "proprietà privata", facente capo ad una secolare concessione.
La attuale struttura privata di gestione provvede alla conservazione dell'isola, ed il suo utilizzo come struttura turistica (residenze ed alloggi, luoghi di ristoro, musei, un piccolo giardino botanico sub-tropicale nel terreno di una vecchia abbazia (Abbey Garden), spiagge.
Laghi
Great Pool
Isole interne
Paddy's Island, nel Great Pool
Baie
Appletree Bay
Pentle Bay
Promontori
Crow Point
Frenchman's Point
Kettle Point
Lizard Point
Long Point
Merchant's Point
Rushy Point
Tobaccoman's Point
Storia
Leggende
Secondo una leggenda, Tresco sarebbe l'ultimo luogo dove è stato sepolto Re Artù.
Luoghi d'interesse
Tresco Abbey Gardens
Nella parte meridionale dell'isola, si trovano gli Abbey Gardens, giardini sistemati a partire dal 1834 per volere di Augustus Smith nel luogo dove un tempo sorgeva un'abbazia benedettina (costruita nel X secolo).
I giardini ospitano oltre 5.000 piante subtropicali provenienti da oltre 80 Paesi, tra cui Brasile, Nuova Zelanda e Sudafrica.
Valhalla Museum
I giardini ospitano inoltre il Valhalla Museum o Valhalla Ships Figurehead Collection, un singolare museo che raccoglie le polene, le insegne e le decorazioni delle navi naufragate al largo dell'isola.
Castello di Cromwell
Nella parte nord-occidentale dell'isola, a nord di New Grimsby, si trova il Castello di Cromwell (Cromwell's Castle), costruito su un promontorio nel 1651, nel corso della guerra civile inglese, in luogo di un preesistente edificio Tudor.
Si tratta di una delle poche testimonianze di fortezza fatte costruire dal generale repubblicano Oliver Cromwell. Del castello è tuttora visibile il torrione circolare, alto 80 metri.
King Charles's Castle
A nord del Castello di Cromwell si trova il King Charles's Castle, fortezza che fu occupata dalle forze monarchiche nel 1651 durante la guerra civile inglese e che forse risale al secolo precedente.
Trasporti
L'isola è collegata alla costa della Cornovaglia (in particolare con Penzance) grazie a un eliporto e all'isola di St Mary's tramite un servizio di traghetti giornaliero.
Note
Voci correlate
St Agnes (Isole Scilly)
St Mary's (Isole Scilly)
Tresco (Australia)
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni
Tresco Estate - Sito ufficiale dell'isola
Tresco su Cornwall Guide
Tresco su Cornwall Online
Cromwell's Castle su English Heritage
Cromwell's Castle su Castles.uk.net
King Charles's Castle su English Heritage
Parrocchie civili della Cornovaglia
Isole Scilly | 50,644 |
centralafricana02chaigoog_11 | US-PD-Books | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,876 | Central Africa: Naked Truths of Naked People. An Account of Expeditions to ... | None | English | Spoken | 7,492 | 10,602 | Nearly a year had passed of this fretful war, that had well-nigh rendered me misanthropic, and at times almost brutal, in moments of haste and hatred of those details of travel that necessarily fell upon me. Lado then was looked forward to as the "be all and end all" of this, and my Soudanieh never once murmured at the long marches I imposed upon them. A tribute I pay them here with pleasure, adding, that during long painful campaigns, as with the Arab soldier, I have never experienced other than the greatest devotion and discipline when directly under my command. On the 9th of March, at mid-day, we arrived in Digilized by Google THE TANBAEl OPPOSE OUB PASSAGE. 285 tte vicinity of the spot where the soldier lamaine Dasha had been brutally set upon and mortally wounded. His comrades the Soudaniehs were greatly incensed, but my order^ to commit no act without my knowledge were strictly obeyed. It was my intention to reach a plateau in the amphitheatre of mountains before alluded to, and once there Bend for the guilty Sheik, and demand that the murderer should be surrendered. This step was however anticipated, for on reaching the narroiv defile — a real Thermopylaa pass in the mountains that gave entrance to the plateau I hoped to gain— ;- I found the summit on the right occupied in force by the Yanbari, who saluted us with defiant yells. Throwing forward the in-egulars under Latroche, to clear the thick jungle, from the cover of which the enemy commenced a thick shower of their poisoned arrows. Their leader, d^busque, fell in our path with a bullet through his brain. "Whilst I commanded the fire upon the overhanging cliff, aided by the explosive shells from my elephant gun, and drove them quickly in disorder from their position ; and we passed the gorge at a double- quick with our heterogeneous mass of followers without loss, whilst a desultory fire was heing maintained as we pushed for the plateau. The Niam-Niam were ordered to pile up their ivory, about which I threw a detail from my Soudanieh as a guard, as well as a cordon of sen- tinels around the camp, beneath the fiiendly ..Google 286 ' CENTEAL APBICA. shade of a large tree where the non-combatants were ordered to assemble. With my Soudanieh and the irregulars I drove the Yanbari from the surrounding jungle, whilst tlie Kiam-Niam, eager for contest, were sent flying into their midst to eng^e the enemy hand to hand. I confess that I never saw a more perfect ideal of the warrior, not alone in muscular display, but in the bounding ^lan with which he flew rather than ran — the right band grasping the huge knife, while with the bouclier pressed closely to his side, he met the enemy. Covering his body with it with won- derful quickness from the deadly arrows, that, his adversary in vain expended upon the broad shield, he threw himself upon him and cut or stabbed the now defenceless " Yanbari " to death. When the " tide of war " rolled away only the yells of the combatants might be heard, as the Yanbari, in full retreat, endeavoured to gain the moimtains in our rear. My bugler called in vwn the " retreat." When night came we saw the smoke and flame that seemed to envelope the whole valley around the plateau for miles in a cordon of fire ; they returned only the next day at sundown, having burnt at least twenty villages, and captured about forty goats. My soldiers had captured thirteen women and children. "Morbi" was brought in requisition, and explained to the most intelligent-looking of the lot, who, like the men, looked like savage ..Google .y Google , Google GANNIBAUSH Of THB HUH-NIAH. 287 beasts, " that I made war upon them, not alone because they had murdered mj soldier, but that as they had murdered and massacred the other tribes, this was to show them that in the future they should not be permitted to kill without being killed; that ' Meri* was the Father of all, and as such desired peace and good will among them." They were released and told to go and tell the Sheik what " Ali Bey " had told them. The Yanbari had received a lesson that insured for the fiiture an uninterrupted road from the Bahr-el-Abiad to the territory of the friendly Niam- Niam. At night, at places without the cordon of sentinels, fires were burning whose fitful flame and glare proclaimed the presence of more inflam- mable matter than wood, even if an odour of burnt flesh did not indicate it more plainly to the olfiictories. On inquiry I found that my Niam- Niams had built these fires and were feasting tiiere. "HorrescoreferensI" The meat that I had promised them was, without doubt, the unlucky Yanbari " potted " that day. I did not care to investigate the matter closely, apprec'atiog the delicacy of their retirement from camp, and as well feeling here the force of the maxim, that " where ignorance is blias 'tis folly to be wise." We resumed the march. On tbe following moming(the 11th) there wasa " drowsy stillness " in the heated atmosphere that was all the more sensible, sincr only a few days before the air had ..Google 288 CENTRAL AFRICA. been rent with wild whoops and yells of a defiant enemy, to-day not a living soul was to be seen. The Yanbari had been nearly annihilated. On the night of the J 2th we had reached the spot where Corporal Ali Galal had died. Here, as the sun was setting, we bivouacked, tired and worn-out with a long day's march. Under the influence of fatigue, this was my almost habitual moment of repose, for I seldom slept at night. Owing to an unaccountable restlessness that caused me to spend the long vigil of the night in smoking and in thoughts that wandered back over a va- ried and chequered existence, I had crept away to a secluded spot, and had fallen asleep near the bank of a dry stream, when I was suddenly awakened by the consciousness of the pressure of something horrible. "Was it my good star, or the natural re- pulsion that had shocked my nerves and saved me from a Laocoon-Hke embrace ? At my feet, its ponderous jaws wet with the fatal horrible saliva, lay a huge boa ; transfixed to the spot, I called my soldiers to me, who soon despatched him, and made a savoury meal of his flesh, whilst the skin was divided into pieces that were to act as charms against the devil (?) — a common superstition which exists among all negro races that even civilization does not disabuse them of. Snake stories were rife around the camp-fire at night. Near my tent-door a veteran Dongolowee told in exaggerated strain, in the *' historic tense " Digilized by Google ARRIVAL AT LADO. 289 of how he had " seen snakes :" that he had visited a country where the natives always slept with their legs crossed, or forming a V to prevent the snake from swallowing them ; that a failure to do so, was to be swallowed and digested ere morning. Another aspirant for the crown, of the marvellous delivered a story on flies. With reference to the monster flies described as infesting the Bahr-el- Abiad in the vicinity of Fashoda, and near the mouth of the Saubat, the eloquent story-teller said the flies here were mere Ticki-Tickis in compa- rison with the " Dibbans " he had seen in a country — geography of which, however, was not clear even to him — where the natives used them as a substitute for horses ! ending the story with a very emphatic Wallai {by God), in order to " hedge " the observations of doubt that generally followed too great a tension of truth, expressed in Souda- nieh, by " Kaddab Sakit, ye Achoui ! " (A barefaced lie, my brother !) Notwithstanding the halt of thirty-siz hours in the Yanbari country we had marched at such a rate, that on the 14th, in advance of my column, I arrived at Lado at seven a.m. : and leaving some at Laguno, the village of " Morbi " the Sheik, though having marched that day seven hours and a half, I left again with my escort, favoured by a bright moonlight, and marched three hours, when by the darkness and fatigue we were compelled to halt and wait the dawn of day. Eesuming .y Google 290 CENTRAL AfBlCA. the march we arrived in camp at the early hour named. My arrival had already been announced, and I found the garrison of 250 men of all arms paraded to receive me with all honours, a compliment I did not appreciate until the afibble commandant. All Loutfi Bimbachi, informed me that he had orders to that effect ; and he insisted, notwith- standing my soiled and tattered uniform, that I should appear immediately before the troops. Accordingly I dismounted, and accompanied by the Commandant and my old friend Sala Effendi, the post doctor, who had braved the rigours of the climate under the two expeditions, one " among the few survivors " — turned towards the troop that now presented arms as Com- mandant Louifi read the firmans of His High- ness the Sultan Abd-el-Aziz, and of His Highness the Khedive Ismail Facha, conferring upon me the grade of Colonel and the Cross of the Third Class of the Medjidieh : conferred upon me for services indicated in the letter of transmission from His Highness the Prime Minister of War, Hussein Pacha, addressed to Colonel Gordon, C.B., the Governor General of the Equatorial Provinces : — " Le Cairo, 7"' Decembre, 1874, " Minist^ de la Oaerre, "Cabinet de Mmiatro. " CoLONEi^— Le Eh^ive voulant donner 4M. leLient-CoI. ..Google PIttMANS OF THB SULTAN AND KHEDIVE. 291 Long nn l4moignage de la satUfaction pour la beUe oonduite, Is courage et la fermeU qoe cet officier a montr^ dans les deux eDgagemeiitB,qui onteulieu&Mrooli, ptis la ligne de I'^uateur, lui a confer^ le grade de CoUmel et la Croix de I'Ordra da Medjidieh. " Je TODB enToie ci-joiat, Colonel, le firman du grade, que je TOUB prie de remettre au Colonel Long Bey, en lui adresBant mee felicitations pereonelles. " RecfiTez, Colonel, I'expreBBion de mes meillenr-aentiments. (Sign^) " Hussein. " A Monsieur, " Monsietir le Colonel Gordon, " Gouverneur G4n£ral de I'^qnatenr." On the 17th I went to Gebel Regaf, south of Gondokoro, in order to present my reports, and confer with him On many important questions, in relation tu Central Africa and its exploration. I desired that Eeba Bega might be punished as I before suggested, assured that the speedy re- establishment of Rionga as king at Mrooli would cement the union made with M'Tse, and drive Keba Rega from the country, thus destroying the nucleus of slave-trading arrangements through the Dongolowee, with whom this Keba Rega was le^fued in bitter hostility to the Government. With a troop of men mounted either on mules or horses, the country could then easily be subjected, and the question of the Albert Nyanza readily solved. I furthar desired to return to the Niam-Niam country with cavalry, (for I had proved how baseless was the assertion that horses may not u 2 ..Google 292 OENTEAt APHICA. live in Central Africa,) and, striking -westward tbrough the Monbutto and Akka tribes, reach the Atlantic. It was resolved finally that I should return to Cairo, there to recuperate my health, greatly impaired, recommended by the Governor General in the most flattering terms, to the command of an expedition," that with a scientific object should proceed from a point on the Orient&l Coast of Africa, on the Equatorial line, to the Lake Victoria Nyanza. Nothing was left me save to extend to the Governor General my earnest thanks, in return for his flattering estimate of the work I had accomplished. Bidding him_ adieu, to go to other, perhaps more dangerous fields of service, I offered him my sincere hopes for his success in the one object whicli chiefly engaged hia atten- tion ; namely, tbe placing (and making a thorough exploration of that sheet of water) a steamer on the Lake Albert Nyanza. ' See Note ia Appendix. .y Google CHAPTER XXI. Departure for Curo — Said and Abd-el-Bahnan accompaay me— ArriTal at Khartonm — The captive Sultan of Dar- foar — Arrival at Berber — Hamed Halifit — M^jor Front — Cross the Desert on a camel — The Mirage— Eoraeko — ■ Aflsouan — Fhilae — Meet some European Friends — Siout — Arrival at Cairo-^Receive a Message Irom Hie High- ness the Khedive — Summoned to the Palace, I make my presenta to His Highness, of Ethnological specimens, Ac. —Said and Abd-el-Bahm&u receive promotion and the Metjjidieh at the Court of His Highness the Khedive— Inangnration of New Geogrt^bical Society at Cairo. On the night of the 20th of March I returned to Lado ia dahabieh, reaching there at four o'clock on the morning of the 2lBt, when having dis- charged whatever responsibihties that were attached to me by reason of my official position, I left Lado on the morning of the 22nd for Khar- toum ; the steamer " Tessa," No. 9, being in readiness to sail. Said aod Abd-el-Bafaman were to accompany me to Cairo.for I wished, in addition to the service they could yet render me, to present them personally to His Highness the Khedive, as a reward for their ..Google 294 CENTaAL AFRICA. heroic courage and devotion. To their care were committed two Niam-Niam warriors, who volun- teered to accompany me ; as also another Niam- Niam boy, a Ugunda boy, Ticki-Ticki, and Goo- rah-Goorah. All these were to be given to his Highness, as I have before stated, in the interest of ethnographic study : types of races that had never before been presented to the civilized world, certainly never under such good auspices ; since their history, language, customs, and arms were illustrated by them, bringing what had been fiction or romance into the realm of reality. Without lingering on the route that has been heretofore explained, it is only necessary to note that the passage was without incident ; the greater part of the time I was ill with fever. On the 7th of April, in the aflernoon, we arrived at Khartoum, sixteen days from Lado, telegraphed my arrival, and received orders from H. B. Khairy Facha to come at once to Cairo via Korosko. A part of the river between Khartoum and Berber was unnavigable at this season ; the annual rise in the Nile would not occur until a month later, when the influence of the Equatorial rains would then be felt, I was, therefore, obliged to proceed to Berber by the tedious " nugger." Whilst at Khartoum I visited the captive Sultan of Darfour, Abd-el-Rahmed, the brief successor of his brother, killed in the decisive battle that made Darfour a province of Egypt. Though the present Sultan continued the conflict, soon con- MAJOa PBOITT. 296 quered, he had surrendered, and was now on his way to Cairo, formally to make his submisaion to the Khedive. He was stretched on a divan when I was ushered in. His feet were entirely nude, but there was a certain savage native dignity that hedged in the fallen monarch, and became him well in his fallen fortunes. Onthel6th of Aprillbad adieu to Messrs. Giegler, Orlowski, Camboni, and others of the European colony, as well as to Mohamet and Tusuf Bey representing the Arab element, and left Khartoum. Ten days of fretftil impatience and discomfort, and quarrels with Beis, who seemed determined to irritate me and retard my departure, finally brought us to Berber. I was compelled to put on shore Beis Mustapha, replacing him by his second in command, ordering the former," as a punishment, to walk at least a distance of twenty miles on shore. Arrived at Berber, I was warmly welcomed by my old friend the great Sheik of Korosko, Hamed Hali&. Seated in his garden, beneath the grate- ful shade of overhanging orange, lemon, and date trees, I was surprised to hear my name pro- nounced in much the same way as Stanley ac- costed Livingstone, "Colonel Long, I believel" I started in vain attempt at recognition of a bronzed and bearded face. It proved to be Major Prout, the gallant young American officer, whose valu- able woi^ in Darfonr, and Kordo&n since that time, will certainly give him a prominent place among the explorers of those regions. ..Google - 296 CENTRAL AimCA. With the exception of two brief ceremonious visits made at the head-qnarters, I had scarcely uttered a word of the vernacular since mj absence from Cairo. "With what importunate eagerness then I plied him with a thousand questions, of what was occurring in the world without; since leaving Khartoum I had received neither papers nor letters. Major Prout had arrived at Caii'o a few days before my departure for Central Africa, and therefore I had known him but slightly. He was 671. route tb take service in exploration in Darfour. As I lay upon the grass, in most disreputable dress that would have well become a rag man, with haggard features, worn and emaciated by disease, I fancied' that Prout regarded me with something akin to horror ; for he doubtless remem- bered me vigorous and muscular, as when I had left Cairo only fifteen months before. I kept him until a late hour a victim to incessant questioning. He proceeded next day on the nugger in which I had come to Khartoum ; whilst, at the moment I bade him adieu, I was mounting my camel en route for Abou-Hamed, from thence to across the " Afc- moor" to Korosko. Three hundred and fifty miles of desert on camel-back is at all times a serious enterprise: and the more so when yoa are to run against time, on account of the absolute want of water i for on the Korosko desert, water must be panied in skine from Abou-Hamed, from which .y Google THE UIEAGE. 297 point the route is an arid soOrching sandy waste. The water taken from the river at Aboa-Hamed, becomes quite putrid, and there is one well only on the road, the water of which is like Epsom salts, absolutely undrinkable by man, and rarely by beast ; unless the direst necessity compels one to drink the unpalatable and aperient liquid. The route is marked by countless carcasses of camels, and the rude grave of his driver. On this desert not many years ago, a regiment was passing to Berber. Deceived by the mirage, on all sides presenting to the eye lakes of trans- parent water, the men maddened by thirst could no longer be restrained ; and notwithstanding the protestations of their guide, broke from their ranks in eager haste in quest of water, too late to dis- cover the fatal illusion ; for most of them perished with thirst. On through horrid heat and blasts of sand, we pushed our forced march by day ; stopping at sunset to feed camels and men, and snatch a moment's rest; to resume the march during the whole night, rendered the more diffi- cult since the extremely cold temperature induced sleep, and the struggle to keep awake was painful in tho extreme. "We crossed the weU-defined bed of a river, callod by the camel drivers, '* El Bahr " (the River). Along its unwatered bed, solitary and dwarfed palms still bad a sickly existence, but there could be no doubt that the Bed Sea or .y Google Z9a CENTBAL ATEICA. an afQuent had once trickled through this channel. On the 8th May, at seven a.m., we arrived at Ko- rosko, having made the transit from Berber, in the short space of ten days ; averaging at least thirty- five miles per day. Here was finally the term of painful marches, and sea of troubles, that had marked my daily life for many months. My arrival had been anticipated : and a palatial dahabieh had been ordered to be in readiness, to convey me to Assouan. A few hours only were necessary for the purchase of supplies for the route, and the reception of the " Mudir " (Governor) and other functionaries, and we left in the afternoon. The saloon and divans of the boat were elegant in all their appointments ; and I felt almost a childish delight in the pleasure it afforded me to repose once more upon mattress and sheets, a luxury which must be dispensed with in Africa, at least in my experience. A copy of Malte Brun enabled me to appreciate the historic banks of the iN'ile, whose monuments, and sites of dead cities, mark ■ the mysterious grandeur of ancient Egypt. Eight days were consumed in the passage to Assouan, where we arrived on the 16th of May, early in the morning. Ere the sun had yet risen, I climbed the steep ascent that led to the Temple at Philae, that cradle of art, culture, and mystic rites, which gave to Egypt her mysterious and imperishable monuments. Here it may be said, as Malte Brun wrote of Syene and Assouan close by, " Ici ,,_, ikGoo^^lc MEET SEVERAL FRIENDS. 299 les Pharaons et les Ptolemeea ont eleve ces temples, et ces palais a moitie caches sous le sable mobile ; ici les Romaina et les Arabea ont bati ces forts, les nwirailles, et au-dessus dea debris de toutes ces constmctiona des inscriptions fran- gaises attestent que les guerriers et les savants de TEurope modeme aont venu placer ici leura tentea et leurs observatoires. Bakewell, who had come down in the train. Accompanied by my escort, we entered the railway carriages, which in a few momenta took ua to Assouan, and on board the steamer "Foad." In the interval of getting up steam, I returned to Assouan, ,, II, Google 300 CENTEU AFUICA. and breakfasted with Mr. Gooding, and in his genial company relished my return to civilization. Mr. BakeweU was going to Cairo, so we returned together on board and steamed towards Sioat, stopping a few hours en route to visit those temples, palaces, and piles stupendous of Edfou^ Esneh, Louxor, Medinet-el-Abou and Kamak by moonlight, the Memnonium in all its glory, and *' Memnon's statue that at sunrise played." In vain we tried to make the latter resound to the tapping of a hidden minstrel, as even in ancient days sceptics were wont to accuse Egyptian priests of jugglery in secretly causing the statue to resoiind, by hiding in its hollow side. To visit these scenes was indeed the realization of many of my boyish fancies : but could imagination have conjured up so strange a story, that fate should direct my steps hither, fresh from the fountains of the Kile which to the ancient architects of these monuments had been a problem whose solution they could never accomplish. Away I nor let me loiter here : for the steamer's whistle recfdls us to resume our route, and pro- ceeding we arrived at Siout the 21st of May, where we were received by the Wekil of the Governor. Our baggage and staff were sent to the railway station — Mr. B. and myself passed the day in wandering through the streets of Siout, that ranks, with its well-built houses of brick and lively baaaars, as an important city of Egypt. The station niaster kindly offered us the divan at the ,,., iiv.Goo^^lc MESSAGE FltOM THE EHEDIVE. 301 station for the night, as Siout does not yet boast the luxury of a hotel. The morning of the 22nd vre were en route by the train, arriving at Cairo, the " city of the Victo- rious," at half-past six p.m. The following morning, the announcement of my arrival was made to His Highness the Khedive, who immediately sent a message, that he would receive me at the palace of Abdin. On my being announced and ushered in, he advanced towards me, and took me by the hand, and in terms too flattering to repeat thanked me for what I had accomplished in Central Africa ; not alone for the establishment of his authority in those regions, but in a commercial and scientific sense ; and for the amelioration of the condition and protection pro- mised to tribes of negroes amicably disposed. The suppression of the slave-trade, that was sure to follow the stringent measures which His Highness had taken, was referred to, and my action was greeted with the greatest satisfaction, convincing me how sincerely and ardently the Khedive hopes for the total extinction of a system that is no longer a want, or even a luxury (as it once was) to Egypt. A few days after I was again summoned to the presence of tho Khedive at the palace of Kasr-el- Nil, where surrounded by his ministers, high functionaries of the Court, and officers of the army and navy, he received me, with renewed expressions of sympathy and approval. I had ,,_,dbyGoogk' 302 CENTRAL AFEICA. taken this occasion to present him a quantity of arms, and utensils of war and peace, of the tribes visited southward to the sources of the Nile, and westward of the river to the Niam-Niam country. At this time also I presented to him the two Niam- Niam warriors, a Niam-Niam boy, an Ugunda boy (M'Ts^), and Ticki-Ticki, the dwarf woman, portraits of whom have been given in this book as types of races that cannot fail to be of inte- ,,_,dbyGooglc NEW QEOGBAPBICAL SOCrETY. 303 rest to ethnographers — the latter especially so as the first adult ever presented to the civilized world from a race vaguely mentioned by Herodotus, but whose actual existence now was left no longer in the realm of doubt. On the 30th of May His Highness summoned me again to the palace of Kasr-el-Nil, where were assembled many high functionaries and officers of the army and navy ; and my soldiers Said and Abd-el- Rahman were ordered to accompany me. In eloquent and moving words the Khedive alluded in flattering terms to their devotion and courage, as represented by me, in the affair at Mrooli, and their subsequent service with me in the second expedition. As a mark of his favour he placed in my hand a firman, conferring on them the grade of Bash'Schouuh (Sergeant-Major), with decorations of the 5th class of the Medjidieh, that I might attach them to their breasts. For the first time in the annals of the service, a common soldier had been decorated ; and the ceremony was rendered the more significant, by this prompt and gracious recognition of merit by the Khe- dive himself. If my reception by him had been flattering in the extreme, it was no less so by the Cairene com- munity. I had been followed in the jungles of Africa with an affectionate interest, which on my ret\im showed itself in demonstrations that at every step attended me. I was weak, emaciated, sick in body and spirit, but the consciousness ot ,11, Google 304 CEKTBAL AFRICA. sympathy and affection that now surrounded me» awoke me to a vitality, that months of constant fever, and the cold companionship of savages, had nearly stifled and frozen in my breast. On the 2nd of June the inauguration of La So- ciety Khediviale de Geographic took place, under the presidency of Dr. Schweinfurth, the Prus- sian traveller, who had been nominated to that position. His Highness Prince Hussein Pacha, Minister of War, honoured it with his presence, as did also the high functionaries of the Govern- ment, the Consuls General, and distinguished foreign savants. On the 1 1th of June, in response to an invitation from the president of the Society, I delivered an address, giving a resume of my expedition and its results, which was alluded to by the French press at Alexandria in a flattering notice, as wiU be seen in the extract in the not© below.' His Highness the Khedive, with kind conside- ration for my health, ordered me to go at once to Europe, there to regain, if possible, strength and health for other service, that I was assured awaited me on my return ; and I obeyed the kind command. ' " Malgr^ nne ch&lenr oBsez intense, un auditoire nombreux a teou k venir acclamor Tadiuirablo conduite du jeuno et brare Colonel Long. De chaleureuEes applaudisBementa t4moignent du vif iut^rSt qne lui inepiraieat ooq seulement toutes les p^ri- peti^B imposantes de ce voyage aux Lacs Equatoriaux ex6cut4 dans des conditions vraiment ^tonnantes, maie anssi et snrtout le heroB de I'exp^dition lut-meme qu'on 6tait heureiix de voir £cliapp<^ comme par miracle d'innoinbrable pdrila." ,,,_,dbyGooglc 305 CHAPTER XXII. Results of the Expedition to Ugunda uid the L&ke Victoria Nyanza — Also of the Expedition to the Makraka Niam- Niam Country — Sir Samuel Baker and the width of the River at Mrooli — My opinion of the Negro — Mr. Stanley uid the conversion of M'Ts^ — The Slave-Trade and the Khedive — Seyyid Burgash and Zanzibar — The opening op of the Interior by the Sondan Railway and Rirer Com- munication, the most effectual means for the regeneration of Central Africa. " Jm T^rit^ lenle est f&onde." — LaTnartiM. It is not necessary here to explain why, under sucli untoward auspices, the Expedition to the Equator was undertaken with only two soldiers, as rofra^nce has been made thereto in preceding chapters, to excuse me from an act of pre- meditated folly or inexcusable hardihood, with which I might consistently be charged. It would have been considered madness had the expedi- tion failed: for it has been well said that " nothing succeeds like success." I felt it to be the tide of life, that waa to be ..Google 306 OBNTEAL AFRICA. taken at its turn, and upon its full sea I cast myaelf, in order that I might not lose my opportunity. It may be well, in conclusion, briefly to sum up the results obtained by the explorations to the Lake Victoria Nyanza, and the country Makraka Niam-Niam, expeditions that had their inception and accomplishment in the space of twelve months, with interval of service on the Bahr-el- Abiad and on the Saubat. Their cosi; to the 'Government were only in the insignificant presents made to the King and Sheiks of those regions, whilst valuable cargoes of ivory were in return brought back, and placed to Government account. The following results were submitted in eub- staijce to the Government of Egypt, — 1. M'Ts^, King of Ugunda, had been visited, and the proud African monarch made a willing subject ; and his country, rich in ivory and ' populous, created the Southern limit of Egypt. 2. The Lake Victoria Nyanza had been par- tially explored; not thoroughly, owing to my helpless and almost dying condition at the time. 3. The Victoria River, leaving the Lake from Urondogani (from whence Captain Speke had been driven), had been explored, for the first time, as far as Karuma Falls ; thus for ever putting at rest aU doubts, and establishing the con- nexion between the Lake Victoria and the Lake Albert. From Urondogani to Karuma Falls the DiailizedbyGOOgle BESUWS OP l-HE EXPEDITIONS. 307 river was proven to be navigable by steamers of the greatest draught. 4. The discovery, in about Latitude 1" SO* North, of a Lake since named " Ibrahim," thus adding another great reservoir to the Sources of the Nile — a system of basins of which the Lake Victoria and the Lake Albert were only known heretofore — the plateau southward acting as a great water- shed to the almost perpetual equa- torial rains. 5. The affair at MrooH — a desperate precon- certed attack on the part of 500 savages upon two frail barks cont^ning three combatants, resulting in the loss to the enemy mentioned in the general orders already cited. The results of the Expedition to the Makraka Niam-Niam country may be summed up as follows : — 1. Communication had been opened from the Bahr-el-Abiad "vi et armis" — by punishment given the Yanbari tribe — to the Niam-Niam coun- try, rich in ivory, whose inhabitants were friendly and well disposed towards the Egyptian Govern- ment. 2. Occupation of that country by the estabhsh- menfc of military posts, which were to serve the double purpose of acquiring ivory in exchange for cotton, cloths, &c. ; and at the same time incul- cating in the native habits of industry, cultivation of the soil, the raising of cattle (the want of which X 2 Di.n.fdbyGoogle 308 CENTRAL AFEICA. has been the chief incentiTe to Aiithropophag;^^) ; in fact, working an amelioration in the state of the negro, social, moral, and mental. 3. Extended information, as to the customs, fabrics, &c., obtained of these people, speeimens of whom, in the interest of ethnography, were brought to Cairo, and presented to the Govern- ment. In paragraph No. 3, as to results of the TJgunda Expedition, I have claimed to have explored and navigated the Nile from Urondo- gani to Mrooli for the first time. From Mrooli it will be remembered, however, that Captain Speke endeavoured to pass to Kanima Falls, but was compelled to abandon the attempt by the wily agents of the superstitious Kamrasi; and thus even this part of the river had not been then navigated. The river at Mrooli, as Sir Samuel Baker claims, is at least 1000 yards, and in width forming quite a little lake, a fact to which I owe my life ; for in the attack made upon me there, I kept my barks in the middle of the stream, and out of range of the enemy, who otherwise would have attacked me successfully from each bank of the river. One word more, and the writer will have closed these notes of travel — " these naked truths of naked people " — that are given to the public, whose interest has been so deeply awakened- in Digilized by Google THE CHABACTEE OF THE NBGBO. dUy the mystery that has enshrouded the regions and the people of Central Africa — solely that there may be a just appreciation of the true condition of things; "with malice to none, and charity toaH." I have only to repeat here, what I have already said in several chapters, as my honest impression baaed upon facts, and not upon fancy: — that Cen- tral Africa is no Paradise, but a plague spot — and that the Negro, the product of this pestilential r^on, \b a miserable wretch, often devoid of all tradition or belief in a Deity, which enthu- siastic travellers have heretofore endeavoured to endow him with. This is the naked truth that I would present to the reader, in contradiction to all those clap-trap pseans which are sung of this benighted country. The humanitarian may pause to consider the cost at which he sends his emissaries, in the laudable effort to humanize and civilize a country, where nature has placed a barrier, not alone in the poisoned arrow of the savage — but in the more deadly poisoned air. Mr. Stanley, who has since visited M'Ts^, as re- ported in the " Explorateur,*' in a letter dated the 14th April of the present year, says he " se fiatte d'avoir ebranle passablement la foi du Monarque Noir au Mahom^tisme " (flatters himself to have shaken very sensibly the faith of the black monarch in Mohammedanism). ..Google 310 CENTBAL AFBICA. If (as I can scarcely believe) such language was actually used by Mr. Stanley, he was either the dupe of the artful savage, or appeals to the pseudo-philanthropy, which in Europe elevates the African at the expense of truth. Having already made one step from Fetichism to Moham- medanism, the attempt to shake that new faith, would only cause him to grope hopelessly in a confused labyrinth of gods. King M'Ts^ had recently adopted the Mussul- man faith when I entered the country. Being a soldier, not a missionuy, I did not attempt the work of conversion on this savage : which woidd be utterly useless, in my opinion. His character and conduct as I have described them, in my humble judgment, rendered him a very unfit disciple of the meek and lowly Jesus-; besides, I felt conscientious scruples against advo- cating the sending of missions into a country, which I beheve would only devote them to misery and a speedy death, without any results that could justify their inevitable martyrdom. Certainly this has been the sequel of all the attempts made by those brave men of the Austrian CathoHc MissioD, under the Apostolic Vicar, Monseigneur Camboni, at Khartoum, who has endeavoured to plant Missions along the Bahr-el-Abiad and Khartoum, with but one result : they all succumbed to the inevitable and fatal fever. Egypt holds within her domains in the region of .y Google TffB KHEDIVE AMD THE SLAVE TEADB. ■ 311 the Upper Nile a hardy population of Nomads, especially fitted for the exploitation of these coun- tries. Inured to hardships, these Nubian Dongo- lowee have already entered these countries, and have been the pioneers of every traveller, except Captain Speke and myself, in the explorations that have from time to time been made there. Under a proper regime of discipline, and the selection of good men that I know among them, I regard them as the great future civilizing element for the re- demption of this country ; since the white man and the Arab cannot permanently dwell in its pernicious climate. When the Khedive first initiated the project of opening Central Africa to commerce and civiliza- tion, the abolition of the Slave-Trade was the first point of attack ; a8 will be seen in an article of the Firman issued to Sir Samuel Baker, investing him vrith power as Governor General of these provinces in 1869 : — " ConsideriDg that humanity enforces the sup- pression of the slave-hunters who occupy these countries in great numbers, an expedition is or- ganized to subdue to our authority the countries situated to the south of Gondokoro, to suppress the slave-trade, to introduce a system of commerce," &.O., &c. The " most absolute and supreme power, even that of death," was conferred by this firman (as it was also given to the successor of Sir Samuol .y Google 312 CBNTBAL AFRICA. Baker), that, he might the more speedily and surely suppress the slave-trade. Ignorant and unscrupulous writers, anxious for place in the columns of the English press, have endeavoured to call in question the sincerity of the Khedive, in his efforts to aboliah the slave- trade — an accusation that is as puerile, as it is without foundation. An expedition had been formed, and committed to the care of an Englishman, whose strong feeling against slavery was well known, and published in his former work. To quote Sir Samuel Baker on this point: — *' It was thus the Khedive determined, at the risk " of his own popularity among his own subjects, •* to strike a direct blow at the slave-trade in its " distant nest. " To insure the fulfilment of this difficult enter- " prise he selected an Englishman, armed with a " despotic power such as had never before been ** entrusted by a Mohammedan to a Christian." "When this expedition had completed its four years of service in those lands, with its great budget of expense and loss of life, the Khedive, with a zeal and pertinacil^ that should have awakened the most generous sympathy, deter- mined that the work should go on, cofite qui coute ; and thus a successor was appointed to Sir Samuel Baker (again an Englishman), doubtless under the impression that Englishmen alone .y Google 8ETTID BURGASH. 313 had a specialty in the suppression of the slave- trade. Fresh from these regions, I declare that the result of the simple establishment of the Govern- ment along the Bahr-el-Abiad, south to the Equator, and westward of the Nile, both in the Niam-Niam country and Darfour, has struck a vital blow to slavery and the slave-trade ; for in every camp and garrison a fugitive slave may seek protection and freedom, by simply declaring that he " Owse Meri 1 " literally, wants protection of the Government. It has been already shown that this has become a serious burden to the Egyptian Government ; since freedom is interpreted by the negro as a licence to laziness. This protection, however, may not be denied by any Post Com- mander, save at the cost of severe punishment to the recusant. On the East Coast of Africa, in or near Zanzi- bar, from my own personal observation, there is no such refuge for tbo negro ; for the slave-trade flonrishes on shore under the very guns of the British man-of-war, sent there on a special mis' sion to suppress it. Seyyid Burgash, it is said, has promised to abolish slavery in his dominions, and has issued "A Proclamation" to that effect. Mere clap-trap! The truth is, that the au thority of Seyyid Burgash, except in Zanzibar and one or two stations north in close proximity, has no ether existence than in the brain of some ..Google 314 CBNTEAL APEICA, of his Missionary friends and agents in Londoo. The soldiers of Burgash are simple '* squatters " along the bleak sterile coast north of the flquator. His weak and effeminate soldieiy are permitted to stay by the sufEranoe of the proud Soumali natives, simply because these soldiers are slave-traders, and placed there for this purpose. They make no pretension to government, nor do they levy tri- bute ; and the Soumah, did be not sell them his slaves, or use them as supercargoes, he would soon drive them from the coast. The Proclamation of the " Sultan of Zan- zibar" is merely "a Pope's Bull against the comet," as Mr. Lincoln used to say. In conclusion, the Soudan Railway which is fast making its way across the desert, from "Wadai- Halfai to Shendy, — from whence by steamer com- munication to Khartoum is had, — will make the lattOT place the front door of Central Africa, the radiating point of civilization, through trade and commerce that will eventually be established with the Equatorial Provinces — Darfour, Kordofan, and Sennaar, rich in ivory, gold and copper mines, gums, and ostrich feathers, &c. I repeat that Egypt alone has within her domain a population especially fit for the perilous service of exploration of these countries ; and it is to this elemerit, rather than to costly foreign expeditions, whose sacrifice of life aaid of money arc greatly in disproportion to results obtained, ..Google CONCLUSIOS. 315 that recoiOPBe must be had by the Euler of Egypt, by the philanthropist, and by the trader. If Providence has ordained that the regeneration of Central Africa is to be wrought by human means, it is thus, and thus only, it ever can be accomplished. ..Google POSTSCRIPT. Fate had decreed that the insignificant little band of explorers, whose deeds have been detailed in these Chapters, should count for something in the discoveiy of the Sources of the Nile. In that connexion, as well as to render a just tribute to my former chief, Colonel Gordon, whom I quitted to continue still the service of the Equatorial Provinces, namely, the opening of a direct road to connect the LakeVictoria with the Indian Ocean' — I may be permitted to quote here the text of an official note communicated recently by his Ex- cellency Cherif Pacha, the enlightened Minister of Foreign Affairs of his Highness the Khedive, to the Consuls-General of the foreign Powers in Egypt, containing a resume of latest news received of the expedition of Gordon Pacha, and at the same time affirming the annexation of terri- tories in and around the Equatorial Nile basin : — " D'apres les demieres nouvelles parvenues an Caire, Gordon Pacha a d^finitivement p^n^tre ' See Appondix. .y Google F08TSCEIPT. 31 7 dans le district de Mrooli, sur les bords du fleuve Somerset (oil, comme on le sait, le Colonel Loog a essuy^ au mois de Septembre, 1874, I'attaque a laquelle il a ai cour^;eusement resiste). Une station a it6 ^tablie a Masindi, capitale de rUnyoro. " Le roi de ce pays, Keba Rega, qui s'etait tou- jours montr6 hostile a rBgypte,a du prendre la fuite, *' Aufina, son comp^titeur, anim^, au contraire, des meilleurs sentiments, a 6te appel^ a lui succeder comme repr^sentant du gouvemement du Khedive. " Les populations sont soumises et tranqmlles. | 13,147 |
https://github.com/WhiteSourceE/LeanUnsafe/blob/master/Common/Data/Consolidators/RenkoConsolidator.cs | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,022 | LeanUnsafe | WhiteSourceE | C# | Code | 1,573 | 3,873 | /*
* QUANTCONNECT.COM - Democratizing Finance, Empowering Individuals.
* Lean Algorithmic Trading Engine v2.0. Copyright 2014 QuantConnect Corporation.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
using System;
using QuantConnect.Data.Market;
namespace QuantConnect.Data.Consolidators
{
/// <summary>
/// This consolidator can transform a stream of <see cref="BaseData"/> instances into a stream of <see cref="RenkoBar"/>
/// </summary>
public class RenkoConsolidator : IDataConsolidator
{
/// <summary>
/// Event handler that fires when a new piece of data is produced
/// </summary>
public EventHandler<RenkoBar> DataConsolidated;
/// <summary>
/// Event handler that fires when a new piece of data is produced
/// </summary>
event DataConsolidatedHandler IDataConsolidator.DataConsolidated
{
add { _dataConsolidatedHandler += value; }
remove { _dataConsolidatedHandler -= value; }
}
private RenkoBar _currentBar;
private readonly decimal _barSize;
private readonly bool _evenBars;
private readonly Func<IBaseData, decimal> _selector;
private readonly Func<IBaseData, long> _volumeSelector;
private DataConsolidatedHandler _dataConsolidatedHandler;
private bool _firstTick = true;
private RenkoBar _lastWicko = null;
private DateTime _openOn;
private DateTime _closeOn;
private decimal _openRate;
private decimal _highRate;
private decimal _lowRate;
private decimal _closeRate;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenkoConsolidator"/> class using the specified <paramref name="barSize"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="barSize">The constant value size of each bar</param>
/// <param name="type">The RenkoType of the bar</param>
public RenkoConsolidator(decimal barSize, RenkoType type)
{
if (type != RenkoType.Wicked)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("type");
_barSize = barSize;
Type = type;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenkoConsolidator"/> class using the specified <paramref name="barSize"/>.
/// The value selector will by default select <see cref="IBaseData.Value"/>
/// The volume selector will by default select zero.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="barSize">The constant value size of each bar</param>
/// <param name="evenBars">When true bar open/close will be a multiple of the barSize</param>
public RenkoConsolidator(decimal barSize, bool evenBars = true)
{
_barSize = barSize;
_selector = x => x.Value;
_volumeSelector = x => 0;
_evenBars = evenBars;
Type = RenkoType.Classic;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenkoConsolidator" /> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="barSize">The size of each bar in units of the value produced by <paramref name="selector"/></param>
/// <param name="selector">Extracts the value from a data instance to be formed into a <see cref="RenkoBar"/>. The default
/// value is (x => x.Value) the <see cref="IBaseData.Value"/> property on <see cref="IBaseData"/></param>
/// <param name="volumeSelector">Extracts the volume from a data instance. The default value is null which does
/// not aggregate volume per bar.</param>
/// <param name="evenBars">When true bar open/close will be a multiple of the barSize</param>
public RenkoConsolidator(decimal barSize, Func<IBaseData, decimal> selector, Func<IBaseData, long> volumeSelector = null, bool evenBars = true)
{
if (barSize < Extensions.GetDecimalEpsilon())
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("barSize", "RenkoConsolidator bar size must be positve and greater than 1e-28");
}
_barSize = barSize;
_evenBars = evenBars;
_selector = selector ?? (x => x.Value);
_volumeSelector = volumeSelector ?? (x => 0);
Type = RenkoType.Classic;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the kind of the bar
/// </summary>
public RenkoType Type { get; private set; }
/// <summary>
/// Gets the bar size used by this consolidator
/// </summary>
public decimal BarSize
{
get { return _barSize; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the most recently consolidated piece of data. This will be null if this consolidator
/// has not produced any data yet.
/// </summary>
public IBaseData Consolidated
{
get; private set;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a clone of the data being currently consolidated
/// </summary>
public IBaseData WorkingData
{
get { return _currentBar == null ? null : _currentBar.Clone(); }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the type consumed by this consolidator
/// </summary>
public Type InputType
{
get { return typeof (IBaseDataBar); }
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets <see cref="RenkoBar"/> which is the type emitted in the <see cref="IDataConsolidator.DataConsolidated"/> event.
/// </summary>
public Type OutputType
{
get { return typeof(RenkoBar); }
}
// Used for unit tests
internal RenkoBar OpenRenkoBar
{
get
{
return new RenkoBar(null, _openOn, _closeOn,
BarSize, _openRate, _highRate, _lowRate, _closeRate);
}
}
private void Rising(IBaseData data)
{
decimal limit;
while (_closeRate > (limit = (_openRate + BarSize)))
{
var wicko = new RenkoBar(data.Symbol, _openOn, _closeOn,
BarSize, _openRate, limit, _lowRate, limit);
_lastWicko = wicko;
OnDataConsolidated(wicko);
_openOn = _closeOn;
_openRate = limit;
_lowRate = limit;
}
}
private void Falling(IBaseData data)
{
decimal limit;
while (_closeRate < (limit = (_openRate - BarSize)))
{
var wicko = new RenkoBar(data.Symbol, _openOn, _closeOn,
BarSize, _openRate, _highRate, limit, limit);
_lastWicko = wicko;
OnDataConsolidated(wicko);
_openOn = _closeOn;
_openRate = limit;
_highRate = limit;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Updates this consolidator with the specified data. This method is
/// responsible for raising the DataConsolidated event
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">The new data for the consolidator</param>
public void Update(IBaseData data)
{
if (Type == RenkoType.Classic)
UpdateClassic(data);
else
UpdateWicked(data);
}
private void UpdateWicked(IBaseData data)
{
var rate = data.Price;
if (_firstTick)
{
_firstTick = false;
_openOn = data.Time;
_closeOn = data.Time;
_openRate = rate;
_highRate = rate;
_lowRate = rate;
_closeRate = rate;
}
else
{
_closeOn = data.Time;
if (rate > _highRate)
_highRate = rate;
if (rate < _lowRate)
_lowRate = rate;
_closeRate = rate;
if (_closeRate > _openRate)
{
if (_lastWicko == null ||
(_lastWicko.Direction == BarDirection.Rising))
{
Rising(data);
return;
}
var limit = (_lastWicko.Open + BarSize);
if (_closeRate > limit)
{
var wicko = new RenkoBar(data.Symbol, _openOn, _closeOn,
BarSize, _lastWicko.Open, limit, _lowRate, limit);
_lastWicko = wicko;
OnDataConsolidated(wicko);
_openOn = _closeOn;
_openRate = limit;
_lowRate = limit;
Rising(data);
}
}
else if (_closeRate < _openRate)
{
if (_lastWicko == null ||
(_lastWicko.Direction == BarDirection.Falling))
{
Falling(data);
return;
}
var limit = (_lastWicko.Open - BarSize);
if (_closeRate < limit)
{
var wicko = new RenkoBar(data.Symbol, _openOn, _closeOn,
BarSize, _lastWicko.Open, _highRate, limit, limit);
_lastWicko = wicko;
OnDataConsolidated(wicko);
_openOn = _closeOn;
_openRate = limit;
_highRate = limit;
Falling(data);
}
}
}
}
private void UpdateClassic(IBaseData data)
{
var currentValue = _selector(data);
var volume = _volumeSelector(data);
decimal? close = null;
// if we're already in a bar then update it
if (_currentBar != null)
{
_currentBar.Update(data.Time, currentValue, volume);
// if the update caused this bar to close, fire the event and reset the bar
if (_currentBar.IsClosed)
{
close = _currentBar.Close;
OnDataConsolidated(_currentBar);
_currentBar = null;
}
}
if (_currentBar == null)
{
var open = close ?? currentValue;
if (_evenBars && !close.HasValue)
{
open = Math.Ceiling(open/_barSize)*_barSize;
}
_currentBar = new RenkoBar(data.Symbol, data.Time, _barSize, open, volume);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Scans this consolidator to see if it should emit a bar due to time passing
/// </summary>
/// <param name="currentLocalTime">The current time in the local time zone (same as <see cref="BaseData.Time"/>)</param>
public void Scan(DateTime currentLocalTime)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Event invocator for the DataConsolidated event. This should be invoked
/// by derived classes when they have consolidated a new piece of data.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="consolidated">The newly consolidated data</param>
protected virtual void OnDataConsolidated(RenkoBar consolidated)
{
var handler = DataConsolidated;
if (handler != null) handler(this, consolidated);
var explicitHandler = _dataConsolidatedHandler;
if (explicitHandler != null) explicitHandler(this, consolidated);
Consolidated = consolidated;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Provides a type safe wrapper on the RenkoConsolidator class. This just allows us to define our selector functions with the real type they'll be receiving
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TInput"></typeparam>
public class RenkoConsolidator<TInput> : RenkoConsolidator
where TInput : IBaseData
{
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenkoConsolidator" /> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="barSize">The size of each bar in units of the value produced by <paramref name="selector"/></param>
/// <param name="selector">Extracts the value from a data instance to be formed into a <see cref="RenkoBar"/>. The default
/// value is (x => x.Value) the <see cref="IBaseData.Value"/> property on <see cref="IBaseData"/></param>
/// <param name="volumeSelector">Extracts the volume from a data instance. The default value is null which does
/// not aggregate volume per bar.</param>
/// <param name="evenBars">When true bar open/close will be a multiple of the barSize</param>
public RenkoConsolidator(decimal barSize, Func<TInput, decimal> selector, Func<TInput, long> volumeSelector = null, bool evenBars = true)
: base(barSize, x => selector((TInput)x), volumeSelector == null ? (Func<IBaseData, long>) null : x => volumeSelector((TInput)x), evenBars)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenkoConsolidator"/> class using the specified <paramref name="barSize"/>.
/// The value selector will by default select <see cref="IBaseData.Value"/>
/// The volume selector will by default select zero.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="barSize">The constant value size of each bar</param>
/// <param name="evenBars">When true bar open/close will be a multiple of the barSize</param>
public RenkoConsolidator(decimal barSize, bool evenBars = true)
: base(barSize, evenBars)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="RenkoConsolidator"/> class using the specified <paramref name="barSize"/>.
/// The value selector will by default select <see cref="IBaseData.Value"/>
/// The volume selector will by default select zero.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="barSize">The constant value size of each bar</param>
/// <param name="type">The RenkoType of the bar</param>
public RenkoConsolidator(decimal barSize, RenkoType type)
: base(barSize, type)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Updates this consolidator with the specified data.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// Type safe shim method.
/// </remarks>
/// <param name="data">The new data for the consolidator</param>
public void Update(TInput data)
{
base.Update(data);
}
}
}
| 38,469 |
4598615_1 | Court Listener | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,020 | None | None | English | Spoken | 6,972 | 9,983 | DALE E. MAGEE AND ELLEN F. MAGEE, Petitioners v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RespondentMagee v. CommissionerDocket No. 13314-90United States Tax CourtT.C. Memo 1993-305; 1993 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 310; 66 T.C.M. (CCH) 105; 93-2 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) P47,873; July 14, 1993, Filed *310 Decision will be entered under Rule 155. Dale E. Magee, pro se. For respondent: Richard A. Stone. PARKERPARKERMEMORANDUM OPINION PARKER, Judge: Respondent has determined a deficiency in petitioners' Federal income tax and additions to tax as follows: Additions to TaxTaxable YearDeficiencySec. 6653(a)(1)Sec. 6653(a)(2)1985$ 20,360$ 1,018*Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code in effect for the taxable year at issue, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure. After concessions, 1 the issues remaining for decision are: (1) Whether petitioners are entitled to a deduction, pursuant to section 1244, for a loss based upon the stock of United Agri-Services, Inc.; (2) Whether advances of money made by petitioners to United Agri-Services, Inc., represent bona fide loans or contributions to capital; (3) Whether petitioners were in the business of making loans, *311 and if so, whether, in connection with such a business, petitioners incurred deductible business bad debts; (4) Whether respondent properly determined the amount of petitioners' rental income; and (5) Whether petitioners are liable for additions to tax under section 6653(a)(1) and (2) for negligence or intentional disregard of rules or regulations. *312 Petitioners claim various deductions in their petition and on brief that they had not claimed on their 1985 tax return. We will discuss these deductions under the appropriate headings below. Most of the issues in this case are essentially factual, mainly involving the nature of certain activities of petitioners and whether petitioners have substantiated the amounts of any deductible items. For convenience, our findings of fact and opinion on each issue will be combined, but each issue will be discussed under a separate heading. General BackgroundSome of the facts have been stipulated and are so found. The stipulation of facts and the exhibits attached thereto are incorporated herein by this reference. Petitioner Dale E. Magee (petitioner) and petitioner Ellen F. Magee (Mrs. Magee) are husband and wife (collectively referred to as petitioners) and resided in Fairbury, Illinois, at the time of the filing of the petition in this case. During the taxable year at issue, petitioner was the president and sole shareholder of United Agri-Services, Inc. (UAS). UAS was in the business of constructing hog confinement buildings and other farm related structures. The UAS Preorganization*313 Subscription Agreement further described the corporate purposes: said corporation shall be organized for the purpose of Designing, engineering, manufacturing, constructing, selling, servicing and marketing of environmentally controlled buildings and their component parts and interior equipment principally for the production of Agriculture livestock in the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Wisconsin and for such other purposes as the incorporators may determine[.]Ordinary Loss Deduction for Section 1244 StockIn 1974, UAS was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois. The corporation was authorized to issue 500 shares of common stock with a par value per share of $ 100. In 1974, petitioner purchased from UAS 100 shares of this common stock for $ 10,000. 2 The 100 shares represented a 20-percent ownership in UAS. Between 1974 and May of 1980, petitioner purchased the remaining 80 percent of the shares of UAS from the four other original shareholders. As of May of 1980, petitioner became the sole shareholder of UAS. He continued to be the sole shareholder during and beyond the taxable year at issue, 1985. *314 On March 22, 1985, UAS filed a petition in bankruptcy. Petitioners contend that, as a result, they incurred a $ 50,000 loss in 1985 on the 500 shares of UAS stock they owned. They claim that the stock became worthless in 1985 because the bankruptcy estate had no residual funds to pay petitioner after the claims of the other creditors had been paid. Petitioners conclude that this loss is eligible as a loss under section 1244 and that they should be allowed to deduct its value, $ 50,000, against their ordinary income. Section 1244(a) provides that, "In the case of an individual, a loss on section 1244 stock issued to such individual * * * which would (but for this section) be treated as a loss from the sale or exchange of a capital asset shall, to the extent provided in this section, be treated as an ordinary loss." There is a limit on the amount that can be treated as ordinary loss, but any loss in this case is within such limit. Sec. 1244(b)(2). Section 1244(c) defines "section 1244 stock" as stock issued by a domestic, small business corporation for money or other property (other than stock and securities). Sec. 1244(c)(1). Section 1244(e) provides that "The Secretary shall*315 prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section." This Court has recognized that section 1244 was designed to provide a tax benefit to a rather limited group of taxpayers, and as a result, "qualification for those benefits requires strict compliance with the requirements of the law and the regulations promulgated pursuant to the specific instructions therefor included in section 1244(e)". Morgan v. Commissioner, 46 T.C. 878">46 T.C. 878, 889 (1966). The regulations for section 1244 provide that the individual must be the person "to whom such stock was issued by a small business corporation" and "must have continuously held the stock from the date of issuance" in order to claim a loss deduction under section 1244. Sec. 1.1244(a)-1(b), Income Tax Regs.; Adams v. Commissioner, 74 T.C. 4">74 T.C. 4, 8 (1980). An individual who acquires stock from a shareholder by purchase, gift, devise, or in any other manner is not entitled to an ordinary loss under section 1244 with respect to such stock. Id. Therefore, petitioner, as original issue owner of only 100 shares of UAS stock, fails to satisfy the statutory*316 and regulatory requirements with respect to the other 400 shares of UAS stock that he purchased from the other shareholders over the years. At most, petitioner may claim an ordinary loss only with respect to the 100 shares he purchased directly from the corporation. With respect to the 100 shares of stock that petitioner has owned since original issuance, the regulations contain strict reporting requirements for taxpayers who claim application of section 1244. Sec. 1.1244(e)-1, Income Tax Regs. The regulations provide that any taxpayer who is claiming a deduction for an ordinary loss for stock under section 1244 "shall file with his income tax return for the year in which a deduction for the loss is claimed a statement" that sets forth the address of the corporation that issued the stock, the manner in which the stock was acquired, and the nature and amount of the consideration paid. Sec. 1.1244(e)-1(b), Income Tax Regs. In addition, the taxpayer must maintain records sufficient to distinguish such section 1244 stock from any other stock he may own in the corporation. Id. In this case, petitioners did not file the statement required by section 1.1244(e)-1(b), Income Tax*317 Regs., with their 1985 tax return. As a result, the 100 shares of original issue UAS stock owned by petitioner fail to qualify as section 1244 stock. Cournan v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1989-520; Cosgrove v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1987-401">T.C. Memo. 1987-401; cf. Morgan v. Commissioner, 46 T.C. at 889. It follows then that petitioners are not entitled to an ordinary loss deduction pursuant to section 1244 for a loss upon the UAS stock. Schedule C DeductionsThe loss reported on Schedule C of petitioners' 1985 Federal income tax return was computed by petitioners as follows: Funds from a mortgage at First FederalBank on petitioners' residence $ 75,000 Collateral provided by petitioners fora loan from the Bank of Forrest 40,000 Petitioners' certificate of depositpledged for a loan from First Federal Bank 9,000 Alleged miscellaneous unreimbursedcorporate expenses 6,000 Less:Petitioners' receipt of proceeds fromthe sale of bonds held in the name of UAS (17,126)Petitioners' receipt of interest onnotes of UAS (8,741) Net Loss * $ 104,133 *318 On the Schedule C, petitioners characterized the claimed loss as "CORPORATION EXPENSES PAID BY TAXPAYER AT DIRECTION OF COURTS. EXPENSES NOT DEDUCTED BY CORPORATION". Petitioners now contend that they had a personal business proprietorship of "making loans", separate and distinct from any other business or employment, that they operated from 1980 through 1985. Petitioners claim that, by making these alleged loans, they intended to earn income from the interest generated. In the years prior to 1985, petitioners claim that they had no income or expenses from that alleged business and, therefore, did not file Schedules C for that business during those years. Petitioners now contend that, in 1985, they had business losses totaling $ 202,987.70 from their business of making loans. Petitioners claim that they gave all of their business information to their accountant who prepared their 1985 tax return. Petitioners contend that the accountant incorrectly underreported business losses on Schedule C and also mischaracterized those losses as due to the payment of UAS expenses rather than properly characterizing them as business bad debt losses. Petitioners insist that their accountant*319 also mischaracterized the nature of their business on Schedule C as "sales" rather than as "loan making". Petitioners contend that a portion of their total business losses, $ 98,553.70 ($ 202,987.70 - $ 104,434), was inexplicably omitted from Schedule C by their accountant and should now be included. Petitioners assert that these additional losses resulted from several loans made by petitioners in the course of operating their loan-making business. Petitioners further contend that these loans became worthless in 1985. Thus, petitioners conclude that the total deduction to which they are entitled on Schedule C is $ 202,987.70: DebtorAmount of LossUAS$ 124,086.93 UAS25,000.00 UAS10,000.00 UAS5,000.00 Koehl9,500.00 Hills13,005.00 Keiner2,500.00 Jeffcoate13,895.77 Total Losses $ 202,987.70 Less Stipulated Receipts from UAS (25,867.00)Net Operating Loss from $ 177,120.70 Schedule C 1. Four Loans to UASPetitioners first claim that they personally made four loans to UAS, evidenced by promissory notes signed by Bruce T. Lang, vice president of UAS: (1) a promissory note for $ 25,000 executed on August 3, 1981, to be repaid*320 to both petitioners in the amounts of $ 12,500 on February 3, 1982, and $ 12,500 on August 3, 1982, at an interest rate of 12 percent per year; the payment of the note was secured by four automobiles; (2) a note 3*321 for $ 5,000 executed on May 10, 1983, at an interest rate of 10 percent a year; the note was payable to petitioner and was "due upon call"; (3) a note for $ 10,000 executed on November 1, 1984, payable to Mrs. Magee at an interest rate of 12 percent a year; the note was "due upon demand"; and (4) a note for $ 124,000 executed on January 7, 1985, payable to both petitioners at an interest rate of 14 percent and due upon demand. The record does not establish the source or sources of any funds advanced to UAS, and specifically the record does not establish that Mrs. Magee advanced any funds to UAS. 4On May 10, 1983, Mr. Lang, on behalf of UAS, executed an Assignment of Security Interest, assigning to petitioner all of UAS' rights, title, and interest in and to certain listed properties "in consideration for the contribution of capital" by petitioner. The document further stated that the Assignment was made to secure all notes and obligations of UAS owing to and to become owing to petitioner. UAS did not make any repayments to petitioners for any of the funds advanced to the corporation. When UAS filed for bankruptcy in March of 1985, petitioners filed a proof of claim against the estate of UAS in the amount*322 of $ 164,086.93, for "personal loans to the corporation". On January 22, 1987, the bankruptcy court presiding over the bankruptcy cases of both UAS and petitioners (in their individual capacity) issued a Notice to Creditors and Other Parties in Interest (the Notice). The Notice stated that a settlement had been reached regarding the bankrupt estates, one term of which was that petitioners had agreed that they would withdraw their claim filed against the estate of UAS in the aggregate amount of $ 168,529.14. We must first determine whether these advances of money to UAS represent bona fide loans or contributions to capital. If such advances are found to be loans, we must then determine whether, in 1985, petitioners are entitled to a deduction of the amounts advanced as business bad debts. Whether an advance to a corporation represents a loan or a contribution to capital is a question of fact. Petitioners bear the burden of proving the existence and nature of advances to a corporation. Rule 142(a); Welch v. Helvering, 290 U.S. 111">290 U.S. 111 (1933). There are a number of factors to consider in deciding whether advances made by a shareholder to his corporation*323 are to be considered loans or contributions to capital. 5 It is difficult to articulate a single defined set of standards by which this debt-equity determination is to be made. The Supreme Court recognizes that: There is no one characteristic * * * which can be said to be decisive in the determination of whether the obligations are risk investments in the corporations or debts.John Kelley Co. v. Commissioner, 326 U.S. 521">326 U.S. 521, 530 (1946). Thus, we must carefully consider and balance the factors that support opposing conclusions. The question is whether petitioners had a reasonable expectation of repayment regardless of the success of UAS or whether their advances were put at the risk of the corporate venture. *324 Considering all of the facts available in this record, we conclude that the advances made to UAS were contributions to capital and were put at the risk of the corporate venture. The strongest evidence supporting petitioners' contention of the existence of loans are the documents described as promissory notes reflecting the amounts advanced by petitioners and the promise by UAS to repay at specific dates or upon demand. However, form alone, although entitled to weighty consideration, does not control the characterization of the true substance of an instrument or transaction. Baker Commodities, Inc. v. Commissioner, 48 T.C. 374">48 T.C. 374, 395 (1967), affd. 415 F.2d 519">415 F.2d 519 (9th Cir. 1969). Specifically, we have held that: The formal characterization as loans on the part of the controlling stockholders may be a relevant factor but it should not be permitted to obscure the true substance of the transaction. [Fn. ref. omitted.]Dobkin v. Commissioner, 15 T.C. 31">15 T.C. 31, 33 (1950), affd. per curiam 192 F.2d 392">192 F.2d 392 (2d Cir. 1951). Thus, although such evidence of promissory notes *325 gives some indication that a debtor-creditor relationship may have been established, the mere fact that UAS issued documents characterizing the advances to UAS as loans does not require this Court to find that bona fide loans in fact were made. In Baker Commodities, Inc. v. Commissioner, supra, we noted that, if form alone controlled, the promissory note in question evidenced a true indebtedness. 48 T.C. at 395. As in the case at hand, the note there contained an unconditional promise to pay a specific sum, plus interest, at designated intervals or upon demand if a default occurred. Id. However, we further noted that, in determining whether a true debtor-creditor relationship arose upon the execution of the promissory note, "it is necessary to recognize the basic difference between a 'stockholder' and a 'creditor': The essential difference between a stockholder and a creditor is that the stockholder's intention is to embark upon the corporate adventure, taking the risks of loss attendant upon it, so that he may enjoy the chances of profit. The creditor, on the other hand, does not intend to take such risks *326 so far as they may be avoided, but merely to lend his capital to others who do intend to take them. * * *Baker Commodities, Inc. v. Commissioner, 48 T.C. at 395 (quoting Kolkey v. Commissioner, 27 T.C. 37">27 T.C. 37, 58 (1956), affd. 254 F.2d 51">254 F.2d 51 (7th Cir. 1958)). The actions of petitioners in this case render such evidence of promissory notes of little weight. The facts show that petitioner was acting more as the sole shareholder of UAS than as a creditor. Although the Assignment of Security Interest by UAS to petitioner refers to notes and obligations owing or to become owing to petitioner, the document also clearly refers to the advances made as contributions to the capital of the corporation. Furthermore, over the years UAS never repaid any of these advances, and petitioners have not shown that they ever attempted to collect these advances or the property securing the advances. In fact, no evidence was presented by petitioners to demonstrate that UAS truly intended to repay these advances. No explanation was offered as to why petitioners continued to "lend" money to UAS as its financial situation*327 apparently was deteriorating, especially why they made a "loan" of $ 124,000 only 2 months before UAS filed for bankruptcy protection. Thus, we conclude, in this case, that petitioner was acting as a sole shareholder, trying to prop up his failing business, rather than as a bona fide creditor. Therefore, we hold that petitioners' total advances in the amount of $ 164,086.93 to UAS were contributions to capital and cannot be treated, for tax purposes, as ordinary losses resulting from worthless business bad debts. 2. Koehl LoanPetitioners contend that, on October 27, 1980, they loaned $ 8,960 at 11 percent annual interest to Clyde and Joanne Koehl. Repayment of principal and interest was to be made upon the sale of certain property owned by the Koehls. Petitioners assert that they had no other personal or business relationship with the Koehls. Petitioners state that, in November of 1984, they became aware that the property had been sold and asked the Koehls for payment of the note, which apparently was not forthcoming. Petitioners contend that they then made attempts to enforce the debt: their attorney sent a payment demand letter in January of 1985, and petitioners subsequently*328 hired a collection agency. These collection attempts were apparently unsuccessful and led petitioners to consider the debt worthless. When petitioners filed personal bankruptcy in 1985, they listed this debt, with a stated value of $ 9,500, on "Schedule B-2 -- Personal Property". At trial, petitioner attempted to introduce into evidence various documents purporting to substantiate this debt. Petitioner presented a copy of the note without the Koehls' signatures and a letter written by attorney Richard J. Dalton referring to his preparation of the note and his recollection that the Koehls did sign and deliver the note at a closing on October 27, 1980. Petitioner also presented a letter, dated January 24, 1985, from another attorney, Walwyn M. Trezise, referring to Mr. Trezise's efforts to collect the debt and the response he received from Clyde Koehl. Petitioner submitted an affidavit by Mr. Trezise outlining the history of this debt and the loss and destruction of the documents relating thereto. The above documents relating to the Koehl loan were not received into evidence because the drafters of these documents were not present at trial to sponsor the documents and were not*329 available for cross- examination. See California Eastern Line, Inc. v. Maritime Commission, 17 T.C. 1325">17 T.C. 1325, 1340-1341 (1952), pet. for review dismissed by 211 F.2d 635">211 F.2d 635 (D.C. Cir. 1954), revd. on other grounds 348 U.S. 351">348 U.S. 351 (1955). As they stand, these documents constitute hearsay and have not been shown to satisfy any of the exceptions to the hearsay rule. Id. Therefore, we hold that petitioners have not met their burden of proving the existence and nature of this purported loan to the Koehls and, as a result, are not entitled to any corresponding deduction. Moreover, on brief petitioners argue that the Koehl note and others "became worthless in 1985 when we lost them in our personal Chapter 7 bankruptcy". If these notes were used to satisfy petitioners' creditors, then such notes did not become worthless, and petitioners have received the full economic benefit of the note. 3. Hills LoanOn October 1, 1982, petitioners loaned $ 21,665 at 15 percent annual interest (on late payments) to George and Martha Hills. The loan was to be repaid in five annual payments of $ 4,333 each and was *330 secured by a grain bin located on the Hills' farm, which had been purchased by the Hills from UAS. 6 On brief, petitioners explain that the Hills needed help financing the purchase of the grain bin. Petitioners borrowed money from the Woodford County Bank in order to extend this financing to the Hills. Apparently, the Hills made the first two payments in 1983 and 1984 in amounts equal to the amounts owed by petitioners to the Woodford County Bank. In their personal bankruptcy, petitioners listed as their personal property the note from the Hills in the remaining amount of $ 13,005. Petitioners then explain that "Because of our own personal bankruptcy in 1985, we lost the Hills note to the Woodford County Bank who used it to offset our note to them, mentioned above." Petitioners then conclude that "this occurred in 1985, making this note worthless to us." Thus, petitioners contend that they are entitled to a business bad debt deduction in the amount of $ 13,950, presumably the remaining balance on the Hills' note, plus interest. *331 Petitioners are not entitled to such a deduction. The note was not worthless to petitioners: the Woodford County Bank accepted the note in satisfaction of petitioners' outstanding balance on their loan from the bank. In other words, petitioners were able to repay their loan from the Woodford County Bank with the Hills' note rather than cash or collateral from their own assets. The Hills no longer owed payments to petitioners but to the bank. Thus, there did not remain a debt to become worthless, and there can be no corresponding bad debt deduction. 4. Keiner LoanOn brief, petitioners contend that, on August 1, 1984, they loaned Ed Keiner $ 2,500 at 12 percent interest, repayable on demand. When petitioners filed their personal bankruptcy in 1985, they listed the Keiner note on "Schedule B-2 -- Personal Property". This schedule is the only evidence petitioners submitted to this Court to substantiate the existence and amount of this alleged loan. Such a submission is not sufficient to meet petitioners' burden of proof. Thus, petitioners have not established that they are entitled to any deduction with respect to this alleged loan. On brief petitioners argue that the*332 Keiner note and others "became worthless in 1985 when we lost them in our personal Chapter 7 bankruptcy". If this note, like the Hills' note, was used to pay petitioners' creditors, then the note did not become worthless, and petitioners in effect have received the full economic benefit of the note. 5. Jeffcoate LoanThe parties have stipulated that, in 1984, petitioners conveyed $ 10,000 to Renee Jeffcoate. However, petitioners have presented into evidence a copy of a promissory note, dated December 11, 1984, in the amount of $ 11,940 at a rate of 10 percent per annum. The note was co-signed by Renee Jeffcoate and James Fenoglio and was to be repaid 21 days after its execution (i.e., January 1, 1985); otherwise, the interest rate was to increase to 18 percent per annum. Neither Ms. Jeffcoate nor Mr. Fenoglio repaid the loan, and petitioners made numerous attempts to obtain payment. Petitioner commenced action against Ms. Jeffcoate and Mr. Fenoglio in the Circuit Court of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of Sangamon County, Illinois, and in May of 1985, submitted an affidavit to the court regarding that action. On October 23, 1985, petitioner's motion for summary judgment*333 was granted, and a judgment was entered against Mr. Fenoglio in the amount of $ 13,895.77. 7During this time in 1985, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the FBI) began investigating Ms. Jeffcoate, suspecting her of certain criminal activities regarding a fraudulent loan brokering business. In September of 1985, the FBI interviewed petitioner to ascertain his knowledge of Ms. Jeffcoate's and Mr. Fenoglio's activities. In a letter dated September 9, 1987, petitioners were informed by Larry A. Mackey, an Assistant United States Attorney, that, on August 24, 1987, Ms. Jeffcoate had pled guilty to 10 Federal felony violations of wire fraud and mail fraud. Mr. Mackey stated in his letter that: At the time of sentencing I will recommend to the court that restitution be ordered. However it is unknown at this point whether Jeffcoate will have the financial capacity to make any restitution.Petitioners claim that, despite*334 repeated efforts to collect on the judgment obtained against Mr. Fenoglio, he has claimed insolvency and has refused to pay. Petitioners further contend that these efforts occurred in 1985 and led petitioners to consider the loan and judgment uncollectible. Petitioners claim they are entitled to a business bad debt deduction in the amount of $ 13,895.77 for the taxable year 1985. Section 166 provides that a deduction shall be allowed for any bad debt that becomes worthless within the taxable year. However, section 166 distinguishes business bad debts from nonbusiness bad debts. Sec. 166(d); sec. 1.166-5(b), Income Tax Regs.Initially, petitioners have the burden of proving that (1) a bona fide debt existed between petitioners and Ms. Jeffcoate and Mr. Fenoglio and (2) the debt became worthless in 1985. Rule 142(a); Crown v. Commissioner, 77 T.C. 582">77 T.C. 582, 598 (1981). A bona fide debt is one that arises from a debtor-creditor relationship based upon a valid and enforceable obligation to pay a fixed or determinable sum of money. Sec. 1.166-1(c), Income Tax Regs. In determining whether a debtor-creditor relationship represented by a bona fide debt *335 exists, this Court takes a facts-and-circumstances approach and examines, on a case-by-case basis, the substantive nature of the relationship. Fisher v. Commissioner, 54 T.C. 905">54 T.C. 905, 909 (1970). The basic test in making such a determination is whether the debtor is under an unconditional obligation to repay the creditor, and whether the creditor intends to enforce repayment of the obligation. Sec. 1.166-1(c), Income Tax Regs.; Fisher v. Commissioner, 54 T.C. at 909-910. Proof of worthlessness requires two showings: (1) the fact of worthlessness and (2) the timing of worthlessness. The particular facts and circumstances of the case must be considered: there is no standard test or formula for determining worthlessness within a given taxable year. Lucas v. American Code Co., 280 U.S. 445">280 U.S. 445, 449 (1930); Crown v. Commissioner, 77 T.C. at 598. "However, it is generally accepted that the year of worthlessness is to be fixed by identifiable events which form the basis of reasonable grounds for abandoning any hope of recovery." Crown v. Commissioner, supra.*336 Worthlessness is not established by merely demonstrating nonpayment of the debt or that collection is in doubt. To be "worthless", not only must a debt be lacking current liquid value and be uncollectible at the time the taxpayer takes the deduction, but also it must appear to be lacking any potential value and be uncollectible at any time in the future. Dustin v. Commissioner, 53 T.C. 491">53 T.C. 491, 501 (1969), affd. 467 F.2d 47">467 F.2d 47 (9th Cir. 1972). 8 Furthermore, the taxpayer must have taken reasonable steps to collect the debt. He must have exhausted all usual and reasonable means of collecting a debt before worthlessness can be determined.We find that petitioners have proved that a bona fide loan was made to Ms. Jeffcoate and Mr. Fenoglio and that repayment of the loan appeared sufficiently uncollectible and valueless in 1985 to be deemed worthless in that taxable year. Petitioners*337 have shown that all reasonable means of collection were attempted. Despite the existence of a valid judgment against Mr. Fenoglio, petitioners also have shown that, in 1985, collecting the amount owing from either Mr. Fenoglio or Ms. Jeffcoate was highly unlikely in light of their refusal to pay, their dubious activities, and the ongoing FBI investigation. Therefore, we now must consider whether this worthless debt is deductible under section 166(a) as a business bad debt or under section 166(d) as a nonbusiness bad debt. Section 166(a) provides that "There shall be allowed as a deduction any debt which becomes worthless within the taxable year." However, section 166(d) excludes from the application of section 166(a) any nonbusiness debt, which is defined by negative implication as a debt other than (1) a debt created or acquired in connection with a taxpayer's trade or business, or (2) a debt whose loss was incurred in the taxpayer's trade or business. A nonbusiness bad debt will be treated as a loss resulting from the sale or exchange of a short-term capital asset. Sec. 166(d). If a taxpayer is to have his claimed deduction escape classification as a nonbusiness bad debt, *338 he must prove the debt was proximately related to a business in which he was engaged. Nash v. Commissioner, 31 T.C. 569">31 T.C. 569, 573 (1958). The determination as to the business or nonbusiness character of the debt and the requisite proximate relationship of the debt to the business of the taxpayer involves a question of fact, and petitioners bear the burden of proof. Higgins v. Commissioner, 312 U.S. 212">312 U.S. 212 (1941); Sales v. Commissioner, 37 T.C. 576">37 T.C. 576, 580 (1961); Towers v. Commissioner, 24 T.C. 199">24 T.C. 199 (1955), affd. 247 F.2d 233">247 F.2d 233 (2d Cir. 1957). Petitioners contend that they were engaged in the business of making loans. This Court has held on numerous occasions that the right to deduct bad debts as business losses is applicable only to exceptional situations in which the taxpayer's activities in making loans have been regarded as so extensive and continuous as to elevate that activity to the status of a separate business. Rollins v. Commissioner, 32 T.C. 604">32 T.C. 604, 613 (1959), affd. 276 F.2d 368">276 F.2d 368 (4th Cir. 1960);*339 Barish v. Commissioner, 31 T.C. 1280">31 T.C. 1280, 1286 (1959); Estate of Palmer v. Commissioner, 17 T.C. 702">17 T.C. 702 (1951). We do not think, in view of the facts of this case, that the making of the loans, of which petitioners have spoken in this case, was so extensive an activity as to justify a finding by this Court that petitioners were engaged in the business of lending money. Although we think petitioners did intend to profit from the loans that they made, their activities fall far short of the establishment of an income or profit-making business. Whipple v. Commissioner, 373 U.S. 193">373 U.S. 193, 201 (1963). Petitioners have not proved the number and amount of loans made during the operation of this "business". Other than the advances to UAS which we found to be contributions to capital, the record shows only four loans. Further, petitioners themselves stated that, in the years prior to 1985, they had no income or expenses from this purportedly ongoing business and, as a result, did not file Schedules C. Considering this lack of evidence and the fact that it does not appear as though petitioners held themselves*340 out to the general public as lenders of money, the evidence simply does not support the finding of petitioners' being engaged in the business of lending money. See Zivnuska v. Commissioner, 33 T.C. 226">33 T.C. 226 (1959); Barish v. Commissioner, 31 T.C. at 1286; Estate of Palmer v. Commissioner, supra.Therefore, we conclude that petitioners have not sustained their burden of showing that they were engaged in the separate and distinct business of lending money and that the claimed loss of $ 13,895.77 in 1985 was a business bad debt within the meaning of section 166(a). As a result, we hold that the loss resulting from the worthlessness of the Jeffcoate loan is deductible only as a nonbusiness bad debt (short-term capital loss) under section 166(d). Rental IncomePetitioners reported $ 19,558 of rents received from an apartment complex in Bloomington, Illinois, under the column headed "Property C" on Schedule E attached to their 1985 return. In the notice of deficiency, respondent determined that petitioners received rental income in the amount of $ 20,238. Internal Revenue Agent Mary A. *341 Finfrock obtained from petitioners' accountant copies of the deposit slips of rent receipts into petitioners' bank account. From these deposit slips, she compiled a summary showing net rent receipts of $ 20,237.50, rounded up to $ 20,238. Respondent's counsel submitted as evidence Ms. Finfrock's work papers which reflect her summary of petitioners' deposit slips. Respondent's determination in the notice of deficiency is presumed to be correct, and petitioners bear the burden of proving that the determination was erroneous. Rule 142(a); Welch v. Helvering, 290 U.S. 111 (1933). To substantiate the amount shown on their return, $ 19,558, petitioners submitted a copy of a document entitled "Monthly Rental Income Record". The record does not disclose whether that document was contemporaneously made or is a subsequently prepared summary. Further, petitioners did not present any evidence to support any of the figures contained in that document or to explain the manner in which they determined the amount reported on their 1985 tax return. Therefore, we sustain respondent's determination of the amount of rental income received by petitioners in 1985. *342 Additions to TaxRespondent has determined that petitioners are liable for additions to tax under section 6653(a)(1) and (2). Section 6653(a)(1) imposes an addition to tax if any part of an underpayment of income tax is due to negligence or intentional disregard of rules or regulations. Section 6653(a)(2) imposes a further addition in the amount of 50 percent of the interest due on that portion of the underpayment attributable to the negligence or intentional disregard. Respondent's determination of additions to tax under section 6653(a) is presumed correct and must be sustained unless the taxpayer can establish that he or she was not negligent. Hall v. Commissioner, 729 F.2d 632">729 F.2d 632 (9th Cir. 1984), affg. T.C. Memo. 1982-337. Petitioners bear the burden to prove that the underpayment of tax for the taxable year 1985 was not due to negligence or intentional disregard of rules or regulations. Rule 142(a); Welch v. Helvering, 290 U.S. 111">290 U.S. 111 (1933); Bixby v. Commissioner, 58 T.C. 757">58 T.C. 757 (1972). "Negligence is lack of due care or failure to do what a reasonable *343 and ordinarily prudent person would do under the circumstances." Marcello v. Commissioner, 380 F.2d 499">380 F.2d 499, 506 (5th Cir. 1967); Neely v. Commissioner, 85 T.C. 934">85 T.C. 934, 947 (1985). A taxpayer has a duty to file complete and accurate tax returns and generally cannot avoid this duty by placing responsibility with an agent. 9United States v. Boyle, 469 U.S. 241">469 U.S. 241, 250-251 (1985); Metra Chem Corp. v. Commissioner, 88 T.C. 654">88 T.C. 654, 662 (1987). However, in limited situations, a taxpayer may avoid liability for negligence if he or she furnished all of the relevant information to a tax professional or return preparer and relied upon that person's professional advice as to the proper tax treatment. Jackson v. Commissioner, 86 T.C. 492">86 T.C. 492, 539-540 (1986), affd. 864 F.2d 1521">864 F.2d 1521 (10th Cir. 1989); Pessin v. Commissioner, 59 T.C. 473">59 T.C. 473, 489 (1972). To avoid liability a taxpayer must establish the following: (1) That he provided the return preparer with complete and accurate information from which*344 the tax return could be properly prepared; (2) that an incorrect return was the result of the preparer's mistakes; and (3) that the taxpayer in good faith relied on the advice of a competent return preparer.Loftus v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1992-266. (Citations omitted.) But, "Reliance on professional advice, standing alone, is not an absolute defense to negligence, but rather*345 a factor to be considered." Freytag v. Commissioner, 89 T.C. 849">89 T.C. 849, 888 (1987), affd. 904 F.2d 1011">904 F.2d 1011, 1017 (5th Cir. 1990), affd. on another issue 501 U.S. (1991). In addition, reliance upon professional advice must be reasonable. Petitioners argue that they provided full information to their accountant and that he "apparently did not use all the information that we furnished him, either in our original 1985 return or subsequently in our audit where he had our Power-of-Attorney". Further, petitioners contend that their accountant mischaracterized the nature of their personal business and "inexplicably" omitted deductions from their Schedule C for 1985. Petitioners' return was signed by a return preparer, but that individual did not appear or testify at trial. The record does not show what information or documents petitioners provided to their return preparer. Petitioners did not provide any evidence that they called the alleged discrepancies discussed above to their accountant's attention or that they discussed these issues with their accountant prior to signing and filing their return. However, irrespective of *346 such showings or lack thereof, the items and amounts claimed on the Schedule C involved purely factual matters. The facts were peculiarly within the personal knowledge of petitioners themselves and did not require the legal advice of a tax professional. We think petitioners cannot now argue that they reasonably relied on their accountant who purportedly made mistakes when petitioners could and should have detected such mistakes during even a cursory review of their return. For example, the description of the loss claimed on Schedule C was set out in all capital letters that petitioners could hardly have missed had they looked at the return. And petitioner himself should have known immediately if that was not the correct nature of the loss claimed. He should have known immediately if the description of the business was incorrect. Moreover, the Court is satisfied that petitioners' argument that they were in the business of lending money was an afterthought raised for the first time shortly before trial. Petitioners had a duty to review and question the preparation of their return prior to signing and filing it. Metra Chem Corp. v. Commissioner, 88 T.C. at 662;*347 Magill v. Commissioner, 70 T.C. 465">70 T.C. 465, 479-480 (1978), affd. 651 F.2d 1233">651 F.2d 1233 (6th Cir. 1981). We think petitioners' problems arise not from mistakes by their accountant, but from their own belated and shifting arguments for which there were no factual bases. We find that the total underpayment of tax for the taxable year 1985 was due to negligence. We sustain respondent's determination of an addition to tax under section 6653(a)(1) and (2) for that year. To reflect the foregoing holdings, Decision will be entered under Rule 155. Footnotes*. 50% of the interest due on the deficiency.↩1. Respondent has conceded that the amounts of income to be averaged on Schedule 7 (of the notice of deficiency) are incorrect as determined in the notice of deficiency. The correct amounts for averaging are $ 93,187.99 for Dale E. Magee and $ 933.80 for Ellen F. Magee. These amounts represent distributions to petitioners from the Profit Sharing Plan of United Agri-Services, Inc.Respondent also agrees that petitioners incurred a long-term capital loss on the sale of five municipal bonds during 1985 in the amount of $ 4,755.25. Respondent concedes that this loss should be allowed in Part 3 of Schedule D of petitioners' 1985 tax return. The parties further agree that adjustments in the notice of deficiency for the married couple deduction, taxable social security, general sales tax, and medical and dental expenses are computational and are based upon the resolution of the other issues in this case.↩2. Four other individuals, Robert L. Brown, John E. Conlin, David P. Elben, and Donald G. Weber, each purchased 100 shares of the common stock of United Agri-Services, Inc.↩*. The parties have stipulated that the difference between the above net loss of $ 104,133 and the figure reported on the return of $ 104,434 is unknown.↩3. The second, third, and fourth "notes" indicated above are documents resembling checks, indicating the date the money was received by UAS, the promise to pay to the order of petitioner, Mrs. Magee, or both petitioners, the interest rate per annum, when due, and the signature of Bruce T. Lang, as vice president of UAS.↩4. In our discussion of the four purported loans to UAS, we do not, for a number of reasons, address the fact that Mrs. Magee was not a shareholder of UAS. First, the record does not establish that she in fact advanced any of her own funds to UAS. Secondly, petitioners have failed to establish that they were in a trade or business of lending money, and accordingly any deduction would be a limited nonbusiness bad debt deduction and would not change the result in this case in any event.↩5. Tyler v. Tomlinson, 414 F.2d 844">414 F.2d 844, 848 (5th Cir. 1969), sets forth a comprehensive, although not exhaustive, list of factors to be considered. See also Development Corporation of America v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1988-127↩, for formulations by the various Courts of Appeals of the 11 factors or the 13 factors that have been identified.6. In this transaction, petitioners were described as the "sellers" and the Hills as the "buyers". The Security Agreement stated that the sellers would "sign a note and borrow thirteen thousand, seven hundred dollars, which will be transferred for full payment" to UAS for the grain bin. The record does not disclose the purpose for which the additional $ 7,965 ($ 21,665-$ 13,700) was borrowed by the Hills. Petitioner did borrow the $ 13,700 from the Woodford County Bank.↩7. No explanation was given as to why the judgment was entered against only Mr. Fenoglio.↩8. See also Peraino v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1982-524↩.9. Petitioners suggest that the errors made in their tax return were due to the actions of their accountant. Respondent determines negligence additions against taxpayers only, not their return preparers, although respondent has the discretion to separately impose return preparer liability as well. | 45,922 |
https://openalex.org/W4362432620 | OpenAlex | Open Science | CC-By | 2,023 | Figure S16 from Integration of Genomic and Transcriptomic Markers Improves the Prognosis Prediction of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia | Xucong Lin | English | Spoken | 1,568 | 3,671 | 0
−2.7
2.7
A
P = 0.025
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
APL9 score group
+
+
GI (9; events = 1)
GII (5; events = 3)
B
0
1
2
3
4
5
9
8
0
5
GI
GII
1
4
1
6
1
6
1
1
Number at risk
+ +
++
+
+
++ +
P < 0.0001
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
Revised group
+
+
revised SR (11; events = 1)
revised HR (3; events = 3)
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
SR
HR
Number at risk
3
0
0
0
11
9
5
0
7
0
7
1
Expression Z-score
Figure S16. External validation of the TCGA cohort. (A) The upper panel shows the expression pattern
of 9 APL9-related genes from 14 TCGA patients with APL and the bottom panel shows the bar plot of the
APL9 score, in ascending order. (B) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to the APL9 score groups
in the TCGA cohort. (C) ROC curve of the revised risk score to predict the OS status in the TCGA cohort.
(D) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to revised risk group in the TCGA cohort. P-value is
calculated using the log-rank test. OS, overall survival; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; HR, high-risk;
SR, standard-risk; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.
APL9 score
APL9 score group
GI (n = 9)
GII (n = 5)
Cut point: 0.58
C
100 − Specificity (%)
Sensitivity (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
AUC = 0.850
TCGA_AB_2980
TCGA_AB_3001
TCGA_AB_2982
TCGA_AB_2999
TCGA_AB_3007
TCGA_AB_2841
TCGA_AB_2872
TCGA_AB_2994
TCGA_AB_2862
TCGA_AB_3012
TCGA_AB_2840
TCGA_AB_2897
TCGA_AB_2823
TCGA_AB_2998
LGALS1
LEF1
S100A12
LTF
KRT1
OPTN
CACNA2D2
GATA1
CLCN4
−6
−3
0
3 0
−2.7
2.7
A
P = 0.025
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
APL9 score group
+
+
GI (9; events = 1)
GII (5; events = 3)
B
0
1
2
3
4
5
9
8
0
5
GI
GII
1
4
1
6
1
6
1
1
Number at risk
+ +
++
+
+
++ +
P < 0.0001
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
Revised group
+
+
revised SR (11; events = 1)
revised HR (3; events = 3)
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
SR
HR
Number at risk
3
0
0
0
11
9
5
0
7
0
7
1
Expression Z-score
Figure S16. External validation of the TCGA cohort. (A) The upper panel shows the expression pattern
of 9 APL9-related genes from 14 TCGA patients with APL and the bottom panel shows the bar plot of the
APL9 score, in ascending order. (B) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to the APL9 score groups
in the TCGA cohort. (C) ROC curve of the revised risk score to predict the OS status in the TCGA cohort. (D) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to revised risk group in the TCGA cohort. P-value is
calculated using the log-rank test. OS, overall survival; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; HR, high-risk;
SR, standard-risk; ROC, receiver operating characteristic. 0
−2.7
2.7
A
P = 0.025
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
APL9 score group
+
+
GI (9; events = 1)
GII (5; events = 3)
B
0
1
2
3
4
5
9
8
0
5
GI
GII
1
4
1
6
1
6
1
1
Number at risk
+ +
++
+
+
++ +
P < 0.0001
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
Revised group
+
+
revised SR (11; events = 1)
revised HR (3; events = 3)
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
SR
HR
Number at risk
3
0
0
0
11
9
5
0
7
0
7
1
Expression Z-score
Figure S16. External validation of the TCGA cohort. (A) The upper panel shows the expression pattern
of 9 APL9-related genes from 14 TCGA patients with APL and the bottom panel shows the bar plot of the
APL9 score, in ascending order. (B) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to the APL9 score groups
in the TCGA cohort. (C) ROC curve of the revised risk score to predict the OS status in the TCGA cohort.
(D) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to revised risk group in the TCGA cohort. P-value is
calculated using the log-rank test. OS, overall survival; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; HR, high-risk;
SR, standard-risk; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.
APL9 score
APL9 score group
GI (n = 9)
GII (n = 5)
Cut point: 0.58
C
100 − Specificity (%)
Sensitivity (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
AUC = 0.850
TCGA_AB_2980
TCGA_AB_3001
TCGA_AB_2982
TCGA_AB_2999
TCGA_AB_3007
TCGA_AB_2841
TCGA_AB_2872
TCGA_AB_2994
TCGA_AB_2862
TCGA_AB_3012
TCGA_AB_2840
TCGA_AB_2897
TCGA_AB_2823
TCGA_AB_2998
LGALS1
LEF1
S100A12
LTF
KRT1
OPTN
CACNA2D2
GATA1
CLCN4
−6
−3
0
3 APL9 score
APL9 score group
GI (n = 9)
GII (n = 5)
Cut point: 0.58
C
100 − Specificity (%)
Sensitivity (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
AUC = 0.850
TCGA_AB_2980
TCGA_AB_3001
TCGA_AB_2982
TCGA_AB_2999
TCGA_AB_3007
TCGA_AB_2841
TCGA_AB_2872
TCGA_AB_2994
TCGA_AB_2862
TCGA_AB_3012
TCGA_AB_2840
TCGA_AB_2897
TCGA_AB_2823
TCGA_AB_2998
LGALS1
LEF1
S100A12
LTF
KRT1
OPTN
CACNA2D2
GATA1
CLCN4
−6
−3
0
3 0
−2.7
2.7
A
Expression Z-score
APL9 score
APL9 score group
GI (n = 9)
GII (n = 5)
Cut point: 0.58
TCGA_AB_2980
TCGA_AB_3001
TCGA_AB_2982
TCGA_AB_2999
TCGA_AB_3007
TCGA_AB_2841
TCGA_AB_2872
TCGA_AB_2994
TCGA_AB_2862
TCGA_AB_3012
TCGA_AB_2840
TCGA_AB_2897
TCGA_AB_2823
TCGA_AB_2998
LGALS1
LEF1
S100A12
LTF
KRT1
OPTN
CACNA2D2
GATA1
CLCN4
−6
−3
0
3 0
−2.7
2.7
A
Expression Z-score
LGALS1
LEF1
S100A12
LTF
KRT1
OPTN
CACNA2D2
GATA1
CLCN4 P = 0.025
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
APL9 score group
+
+
GI (9; events = 1)
GII (5; events = 3)
B
0
1
2
3
4
5
9
8
0
5
GI
GII
1
4
1
6
1
6
1
1
Number at risk
C
100 − Specificity (%)
Sensitivity (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
AUC = 0.850 A B B C
100 − Specificity (%)
Sensitivity (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
AUC = 0.850 APL9 score
APL9 score group
GI (n = 9)
GII (n = 5)
Cut point: 0.58
TCGA_AB_2980
TCGA_AB_3001
TCGA_AB_2982
TCGA_AB_2999
TCGA_AB_3007
TCGA_AB_2841
TCGA_AB_2872
TCGA_AB_2994
TCGA_AB_2862
TCGA_AB_3012
TCGA_AB_2840
TCGA_AB_2897
TCGA_AB_2823
TCGA_AB_2998
−6
−3
0
3 + +
++
+
+
++ +
P < 0.0001
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
Revised group
+
+
revised SR (11; events = 1)
revised HR (3; events = 3)
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
SR
HR
Number at risk
3
0
0
0
11
9
5
0
7
0
7
1
100 Specificity (%) D Figure S16. External validation of the TCGA cohort. (A) The upper panel shows the expression patterns
of 9 APL9-related genes from 14 TCGA patients with APL and the bottom panel shows the bar plot of the
APL9 score, in ascending order. (B) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to the APL9 score groups
in the TCGA cohort. 0
−2.7
2.7
A
P = 0.025
+
++
+
+
++
+
+
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
APL9 score group
+
+
GI (9; events = 1)
GII (5; events = 3)
B
0
1
2
3
4
5
9
8
0
5
GI
GII
1
4
1
6
1
6
1
1
Number at risk
+ +
++
+
+
++ +
P < 0.0001
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Time (years)
Overall survival
Revised group
+
+
revised SR (11; events = 1)
revised HR (3; events = 3)
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
SR
HR
Number at risk
3
0
0
0
11
9
5
0
7
0
7
1
Expression Z-score
Figure S16. External validation of the TCGA cohort. (A) The upper panel shows the expression pattern
of 9 APL9-related genes from 14 TCGA patients with APL and the bottom panel shows the bar plot of the
APL9 score, in ascending order. (B) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to the APL9 score groups
in the TCGA cohort. (C) ROC curve of the revised risk score to predict the OS status in the TCGA cohort.
(D) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to revised risk group in the TCGA cohort. P-value is
calculated using the log-rank test. OS, overall survival; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; HR, high-risk;
SR, standard-risk; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.
APL9 score
APL9 score group
GI (n = 9)
GII (n = 5)
Cut point: 0.58
C
100 − Specificity (%)
Sensitivity (%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
AUC = 0.850
TCGA_AB_2980
TCGA_AB_3001
TCGA_AB_2982
TCGA_AB_2999
TCGA_AB_3007
TCGA_AB_2841
TCGA_AB_2872
TCGA_AB_2994
TCGA_AB_2862
TCGA_AB_3012
TCGA_AB_2840
TCGA_AB_2897
TCGA_AB_2823
TCGA_AB_2998
LGALS1
LEF1
S100A12
LTF
KRT1
OPTN
CACNA2D2
GATA1
CLCN4
−6
−3
0
3 (C) ROC curve of the revised risk score to predict the OS status in the TCGA cohort. (D) Kaplan–Meier estimates of OS according to revised risk group in the TCGA cohort. P-value is
calculated using the log-rank test. OS, overall survival; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; HR, high-risk;
SR, standard-risk; ROC, receiver operating characteristic. | 6,855 |
WH/1887/WH_18870427/MM_01/0002.xml_2 | NewZealand-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,887 | None | None | English | Spoken | 1,555 | 2,975 | J3RUJNNER /COLLIERY, COKE AND FIRECLAY WORKS. ESTABUSHBD 1864. WEEKLY OUTPUT, 3000 TONS. BRUNNER COAIT AND STEAMBHIP OOMPANY. KENNEDY BROS., Peopbikobs. Head Office— Greymouth. Branches— Wel- lington, Dunedin, Lyttelton, and WANGANUI. We are now prepared to supply coal for all purposes, Gas, Steam, and Household, f.0.b., Greymouth, or at the several ports ofoonwcnptioa throughout the Colony, at the lowest current rates' Alio— Coke, Fireclay, Firebricks, and Gas Retorti. Oat W rngtuui Branoh has also on hand the best Bcunner Household Coal, Brnnner Nats (specially recommended to Bl»ok- smiths,) Co*f brookdale, Coal, the best screened floawhold Newcastle Coal, the belt Bata, Manuki, aad Mixed Firewood in any length, Coke, Fireclsy, Firebrioks, Tiles, Lime, Charooa), etc, Tbe best Oaten Chaff, Oats, Bran, and 1 other kinds of Produce, and »t Lowest Prices. We are owners and agects of the i.i. Roiamond, 721 tons s.s. Herald, 659 tons s.s. St. Kilda, 238 tons s.s. Maori, 174 tons Bsrqaentine 3t. Kilda, 189 tons Brigaatine Eliza Firth, 143 tODS Brlgantine Anthems, 183 tons Sobooner Cor*, 74 tons Tag Weitiand, SO tons Tug Despatch, 40 tons. wmTkbnnedy, Manager Wanganni Brsnoh, Wilson Street. •jTr TT 0Q A N AND /~tO., WOOL, GRAIN, AND PRODUCE MmcHANTS, Taoto Quat, WAuajJJrji. Caeh PnrchMers of Wool, Sheepskins, Hides, Tallow, Fungus, 40. ON HAND— Oats, Chaff, Hay, Bran, Pol- lard, Wheat Barley, Maize, Potatoes, Nel- son Lime, tc. Monthly Auction Sales of Wool and other Produce. /S 0 / 4 /^O., AUCTIONEERS & GENERAL SALES- MEN, Wiokbtbto Plaob, Waitoahui. Are prepared to receive Goods of all descriptions for sale and on commission. Periodical Sales held throughout the Wel- lington Provincial Districts thereby afford- ing special advantages to our clients for quickly disposing of any jobs or surplus stock submitod to us for sale. Auction Boom — Wicibtbbd Placb. HERBERT CL4PHAM, Auctioneer. ___ rTTANGANUI * TXTEST /^<OA JUBILEE EXHIBITION OT ART, SCIENCE, ft INDUSTRY. Ginbbal Committee— Metirs J. Balance, Field, Dri Earle, • Tripe, Sorley. and Bell, Litfiton, Carson, Tod, Jamet Anderson, Duigan, A\len, Laird, Colonel Notke, Cummlni 1 , Holden, Sh»rpe, Robertson, Willis, Notm&n, Culpan, J. P. Watt, Spurdle, F. R. Jackson, Filmor, Thaio, Krull, Tennent, Turner, D. Murray, W. F. Russell, Lethbridge, Tilly, Warren, Denniston, Borlase, Mcßeth, Rawion, Stewart, Beattie, Tawse, Keeling, Moantford, Bennie, Paul, J, L. Stevenson, Potta, Barns, Hatriok, Me- lean, Byre, D. fioss, J. Anderson, J. Stevenson, Vereker-Blindon, and the Directors of the Library —Messrs Nixon, Burnett, Manson, Greenwood, Bump, W. J. Smith, Burniooat, Atkim, McLean, Horn, Garrett, and A. A. Browne. It is proposed to hold an Exhibition, in aid of the funds of the Wanganui Public Library in the DRILL HALL and adjoining premises, commencing OCTOBER, 100th, which is expected to be opened by His Excellency the Governor, who has kindly consented to come to Wanganui for that purpose. For the information of intending Exhibitors, the following are suggested as some of the branches which it is desirable should be represented, together with the names of the Sub-Committee entrusted with the duty of receiving and arranging the several classes of exhibits. ART (A). Paintings, Engravings, Lithographs, Photographs, Architecture, Carving, etc. Committee.— Messrs G. S. Robertson, A. Tod, Pownall, and Stewart. SCIENCE, NATURAL HISTORY, AND CURIOSITIES (B.) Scientific apparatus of all kinds (mioro-scopes, telescopes, electric batteries, etc.) Specimens and Collections of Animals, Vegetables, and Mineral; Ancient Books, Newspapers and Coins, Native Arms, Ornaments, and Implements, Ancient Furniture and Carvings, Old and Canons Engravings. COMMITTEE.— Messrs H. C. Field, Rawson, Liffiton, Greenwood, Drew, Duigan, and Dr. Sorley. DUSTRY AND MANUFACTURES OF Manufactured articles of all kinds, especially those produced in this district. Confectionery. — J. H. Horn, Bennie, Willis, Spaulding, and Beatle. PRODUCE AND RAW MATERIALS (D'Flax, Silk, Cotton, and Wool in small samples, Honey, Wines, Ales, jErated Waters, Limber, Coal, Ores, Preserved Meats. Committé.— Messrs F. X, Jackson, L. Steventon, Mamon, James Lard, Krall, Barns, and Hatriok. HOME INDUSTRY (B.) This is a new feature in the Exhibition, and is open to articles made by young persons. Circulars will be sent to schools and parents on the coast with necessary particulars. Committee. — Messrs Beattie, Canon, Denniston, McLaao, and Ward Butler. AWARDS OF MERIT. Awards will be given in the Home Industry, and Produce and Raw Material Department, at a minimum rate of one shilling per square foot. The Elevators may rely upon the utmost care being taken of everything connected to the Committee. Thompson, Shannon & Co., Victoria Avenue, WANGANII. TOWN AGENTS. COPIES of the WAUGANII Hbbaw> may be obtained from the following Agents in town every evening: E. O. Bbidbb A. D. Williams, Victoria Avenue H. I. Jokes & Son, T. Nicholas da J. Siddib, Biddings Street D. Bldgway, Guyton Street T: G. PflttPOT.Bett Street O. G. A. Habvbt Taylorville. NOTICE. In consequence of the death of our managing partner, Mr. L. H. Jones, it is necessary to close our partnership as soon as possible. We have to request that all accounts be paid to Mr. Newton Fain before the 30th April. It is imperative all accounts be paid by that date. Unpaid accounts after that date will be handed to our solicitor for recovery. All claims against either the firm or Mr. D. H. Jones should be rendered forthwith. H. I. JONES & SON, 12th April, 1887. WANGANII LOAN, FINANCE AND INVESTMENT CO. (Limited). CAPITAL £50,000. Incorporated under the Joint Stock Companies Act, ADVANCES made on Freehold or Lease-hold Property for any term from one to ten years, repayable by monthly instalments, or at the end of a given term of years at bor- | rower's option. The operations of the Company are not confined to real property. Advances made; on the Security of Shares, Debentures, ; Bonds, and Personal Property generally. All applications considered promptly. Deposits received for fixed periods, or re - payable at short notice. Terms liberal. C. H. ASHFORTH, Managing Director. Registered Office— Rutland Chambers. UTTING G. H. E. S., PAINTER AND PAPER HANGER, etc. Importer of Oils, Colors, Varnishes, Paper- Hangings. The Cheapest House in the Town. Estimates Given. Opposite Whaley Church. TAMES R. HALL, IMPORTERS IN PORTRAITS OF American Goods, Agricultural Implements, Sashware, Lamps, etc., Licensed Dealers under "The Arms Act." St. Louis, USA. W. F. M. CO., AGENT, and St. Louis, USA. GEORGE CORNELIUS, LICENSED NATIVE INTERPRETER WANGER, H. F. M. COMMISSION & GENERAL AGENT, Waverly. Bent and Debts Collected and Loans Negotiated, etc. AGENCIES— Sooth British Luorance Company New Zealand Accident Iniurance Company The Australian Mutual liTeStocklniurance Company Australian Mutual Provident Vfusaunn Hhbald and Ybomam Manager Waverley Town Hall Company THE NEW ZEALAND /CLOTHING TJIAOTORY Have opened np 20 Cases or xhi CELEBRATED WERTHEIM SEWING MAQBINEB, The Latest Improved, at Reduced Price} GEO. J. FEKGUBON, Manager. suits to meaßure. Joseph" t>aul Has now a Urge specially chosen stock of WINTER TWEEDS from tbe KaUpoi, O»m»rn, Aihburton, and , Wellington Mills. Alto, » nugnifioent lot of West of England, Bradford, Btnnock- burn, and Yorkshire Tweedi. Worsted Costings and Navy Serges. Fox's Celebrated make of Nsvy Serge. First-class workmanship, and nothing bat the very best trimmings used, Is a guarantee that complete satiifsotion will be aiiured to Customers. Prices from £4 4s to £5 lOt per rait. joseplTpaui., Wakoanui. NEW JACKETS AND JTLSTERS, , PURCHASED IN LONDON AT LARGE DISCOUNTS. J. PAOLP AOL Detiret to inform hit numerous cuf tomen and the public generally, that he hat opened over 600 of the very latett tty let in Ladiet' Ulttert, Short Jacket*, PaUtatt, Fwr Cloakt, Fur Boat, tee. The whole hat been marked at a tmall advance, and being purchased at large discounts, or* really London prictt, JJPi kat every confidence in re- commending the above goodt at the belt ralae ever sham in Wanganui. Alto, agreat varietyof Children* Ulsters and Jacket*. josepiFpaul, Victoria Avenue, Wangannl. TTTALKBR AND TJATRICK, GRAIN, PRODUCE, PROVISION COAL & GENERAL MERCHANTS, Shippiho, Fibi, akd Maeine Iksubakob Agents, AGENTS for— Anchor Steam Shipping Company S.S. Oreti Pbcenix Fire Iniurance Batavia Marine Insurance Anderson and Co,, Miller*, Dnnedin Duncan's Flour and Oatmeal „ K»i»poi Produce and Milling Company COALS I COALS I Regular Weekly Shipment* of Steam and Household Coal. Brookdale Coal always on hand, TAUPO~QUAY. m 0 0 pITY J)AWN /^FFIOE. J O ALEK AND /^O., LICENSED PAWNBROKERS, VIOTOBIA AVENDB, OPPOSITB CoNVBHT, MONET ADVANCED from 2i 6d to £500 i on Jewellery, Musioal Instruments, Tools, Clothing, Firearms, and every Description of Property. A Good Stock of Jewellery, new or second hand Clothes, alwiy on hand. A Bargain, Chronograph Btop Watch, £2i Second hand Weiring Apparel Bought. Businesi Strictly Private.and Confidential, Hours from 9 s.m. to 9 p.m. I, SALEK AND CO., LiccmED Pawnbrokers, Victoria Aveone, Wanganui Beswick Street, Timaru Eist Street, Aahbarton. COMMERCIAL BALE ROOMS. Victoria Avkstji. J. H. IT"", 81 - 0 AUCTIONEER, VALUATOR, Land' Estate, and Commission Aqiht. For light bread, pastry, etc., use George Caiman's Prepared Floor; it is only required half the quantity of butter other. True sold in pastry. This floor is prepared from the receipt of the late Robert Hill, and can only be obtained from George Calman. For Yates's seeds go to J. Fliddler, Fruiterer, Ridgway Street, Advt. ONE BOX OF CLARKE'S S41 PILLS is warranted to cure all discharges from the urinary organs, in either sex, (guaranteed or constitutional), Gravel, and Pains in the Back. Guaranteed free from Mercury, Sold in boxes, etc. by all Chemists and Patent Medicines. Sole Proprietors, Wholesale Houses. | 36,559 |
US-29655303-A_3 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,001 | None | None | English | Spoken | 7,628 | 22,074 | Example 99A
[1054] 2-(2-{[(2,5-Dichloro-3-thienyl)sulfonyliamino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-methylacetamide
[1055] The tide compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 85A according to preparation described for EXAMPLE 98A. Recrystallisation from acetone/diethyl ether/petroleum ether gave 0.03 g (8%) of a white solid: mp 183° C.; IR (KBr) ν 3326, 1300, 1154 cm⁻¹; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 385; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₀H₉Cl₂N₃O₃S₃: C 31.1 (31.4)%, H 2.4 (2.7)%, N 10.9 (10.5)%.
Example 100A
[1056] N-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5ylmethyl)-2-{2-[(1-naphthylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}acetamide
[1057] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 76A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 66 mg (16%) of the pure product. MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 482; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₂₃H₁₉N₃O₅S₂.0.3 DMF: C 57.0 (56.6)% H 4.2 (4.0)% N 9.2 (8.9)%
Example 100A
[1058] N-(2-Furylmethyl)-2-{2-[(1-naphthylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}acetamide
[1059] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 76A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 98 mg (27%) of a white solid: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 428; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₂₀H₁₇N₃O₄S₂ 0.1 CH₂Cl₂: C 55.4 (55.3) % H 4.0(3.6)% N 9.6(9.3)%.
Example 102A
[1060] 2-(2-{[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-ethylacetamide
[1061] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 4A according to METHOD D Recrystallisation from acetone/ether/petroleum ether gave 0.09 g (40%) of a pink solid: mp 150° C.; IR (KBr) ν 3304, 3087, 1325, 1150 cm^(−1;) MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 362; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₃H₁₃F₂N₃O₃S₂: C 43.2 (43.1)%, H 3.6 (3.2)%, N 11.6 (11.2)%.
Example 103A
[1062] N-Isopropyl-2-{2-[(1-naphthylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}acetamide
[1063] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 76A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 122 mg (36%) of the pure product: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 390; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₃S₂.0.2-CH₂Cl₂: C 53.8 (54.0)% H 4.8 (4.4)% N 10.3 (10.1)%.
Example 104A
[1064] N-[2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-{2-[(1-naphthylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}acetamide
[1065] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 76A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 134 mg (32%) of the pure product: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 391; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₂₅H₂₂N₄O₃S₂ 0.2 CH₂Cl₂: C 59.6 (59.7) % H 4.4(4.1)% N 11.0(10.7)%.
Example 105A
[1066] N-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-2-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}acetamide
[1067] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 20A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 134 mg (25%) pure product after recrystallisation from DCM: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 394; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₈H₂₃N₃O₃S₂. 0.3H₂O: C 54.2 (54.2)% H 6.0 (5.3)°/N 10.5 (10.1)%.
Example 106A
[1068] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-methylacetamide
[1069] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 8A according to METHOD D, giving 0.20 g (61%) of a pink solid: mp 165° C.; IR (KBr) u 3334, 3085, 1318, 1142 cm^(−1;) MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 360; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₃H₁₄ClN₃O₃S₂: C 43.4 (43.4)%, H 3.9 (3.6)%, N 11.7 (11.3)%.
Example 107A
[1070] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-ethylacetamide
[1071] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 8A according to METHOD D, giving 0.18 g (53%) of a yellow solid: mp 96° C.; IR (KBr) u 3327, 3098,1136 cm⁻¹; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 374; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₄H₁₆ClN₃O₃S₂.0.2H₂O: C 44.5 (44.4)%, H 4.4 (3.9)%, N 11.1 (10.7)%.
Example 108A
[1072] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide
[1073] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E, giving 0.10 g (34%) of a pink solid after recrystallization from ethyl acetate/ether petroleum ether: mp 202° C.; IR (KBr) ν 3313, 3107, 1308, 1133 cm⁻¹; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 422; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₈H₁₆ClN₃O₃S₂: C 51.2 (50.9)%, H 3.8 (3.6)%, N 10.0 (9.5)%.
Example 109A
[1074] 2-(2-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-(2-furylmethyl)acetamide
[1075] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 2A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 172 mg (35%) pure product after recrystallisation from DCM: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 412; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₆H₁₄ClN₃O₄S₂.0.3H₂O: C 46.1 (46.1)% H 3.5 (3.1)% N 10.1 (9.8)%.
Example 110A
[1076] N-Benzhydryl-2-(2-{[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1077] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 2A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 157 mg (26%) pure product after recrystallisation from DCM: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 498; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₂₄H₂₀ClN₃O₃S₂.0.6H₂O: C 56.6 (56.5)% H 4.2 (3.6)% N 8.3 (8.0)%.
Example 111A
[1078] 2-(2-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)acetamide
[1079] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 2A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 92 mg (18%) pure product after recrystallisation from DCM: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 416; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃O₄S₂: C 46.2 (45.9)% H 4.3 (3.9)% N 10.1 (9.7)%
EXAMPLE 112A
[1080] Ethyl 4-([2-(2-{[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetyl]amino)-1-piperidinecarboxylate
[1081] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 2A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 281 mg (48%) pure material after recrystallization from DCM: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 487; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₉H₂₃ClN₄O₅S₂: C 46.9 (46.8)% H 4.8 (4.6)% N 11.5 (11.2)%.
Example 113A
[1082] N-Benzhydryl-2-(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1083] The tide compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E, giving 0.09 g (20%) of a pink solid after recrystallization from acetone/diethyl ether: mp 200° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 512.
Example 115A
[1084] 2-(2-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide
[1085] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 2A, according to METHOD C, followed by METHOD E, giving 130 mg (26%) of pure product after recrystallization from ethanol: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 407; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₇H₁₄ClN₃O₃S₂: C 50.0 (49.6)% H 3.5 (3.3)% N 10.3 (10.3)%.
Example 116A
[1086] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1087] A solution of EXAMPLE 8A (0.20 g, 0.53 mmol) in conc. ammonium hydroxide (6 mL) was stirred over night at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated giving a quantitative yield of the tide product: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 345; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₄H₁₆N₂O₅S₂: C 42.0 (42.5)% H 3.5 (3.3)% N 11.3 (11.4)%.
Example 117A
[1088] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N,N-diethylacetamide
[1089] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD E. The obtained product mixture was separated on a silica gel column giving the amide (53 mg, 0.13 mmol, 11%) and the decarboxylated product 3-chloro-2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (135 mg, 0.44 mmol, 39%). EXAMPLE 117A: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 401; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₆H₂₀ClN₃O₃S₂: C 47.8 (47.7)% H 5.0 (5.4)% N 10.4 (10.2)%.
Example 119A
[1090] 2-{2-[([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}-N,N-diethylacetamide
[1091] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 11 and 4-biphenylsulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 428.3.
Example 120A
[1092] N,N-diethyl-2-(2-{[(4-propylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1093] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 11 and 4-propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]a) m/z 393.4.
Example 121A
[1094] 2-(2-{[(2,4-Dichloro-6-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N,N-diethylacetamide
[1095] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 11 and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 434.3.
Example 122A
[1096] N,N-diethyl-2-(2-{[(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1097] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 11 and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 454.2.
Example 123A
[1098] 2-{2-[(11,1′-Biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}-N,N-diisopropylacetamide
[1099] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 14 and 4-biphenylsulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−HD) M/Z 456.4.
Example 124A
[1100] N,N-diisopropyl-2-(2-{[(4-propylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1101] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 14 and 4-propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 422.6.
Example 125A
[1102] 2-(2-{[(2,4-Dichloro-6-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4yl)-N,N-diisopropylacetamide
[1103] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 14 and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]) m/z 462.2.
Example 126A
[1104] N,N-diisopropyl-2-(2-{[(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1105] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 14 and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]) m/z 482.3.
Example 127A
[1106] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N,N-diisopropylacetamide
[1107] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 14 and 3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 427.9.
Example 128A
[1108] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N,N-dipropylacetamide
[1109] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 15 and 3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B: MS (Ionspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 428.3.
Example 129A
[1110] N-benzyl-2-(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-methylacetamide
[1111] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E in 51% yield, using N-methylbenzylamine: MS (electronspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 450.2.
Example 130A
[1112] N-benzyl-2-(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-ethylacetamide
[1113] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD F, from EXAMPLE 87A. After the workup and purification by flash chromatography a pink solid (346 mg, 75%) was obtained: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 464.0; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₂₁H₂₂ClN₃O₃S₂: C 54.4 (54.2)%, H 4.8 (4.7)%, N 9.1 (9.1)%.
Example 131A
[1114] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide
[1115] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD D, from EXAMPLE 8A. After workup and purification by flash column chromatography a pink solid (75 mg, 38%) was obtained: mp 84-840C; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 374.0; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₄H₁₆ClN₃O₃S₂: C 45.0 (44.8)%, H 4.3 (4.5)%, N 11.2 (11.0)%.
Example 132A
[1116] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4yl)-N-cyclohexyl-N-methylacetamide
[1117] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E in 52% yield, using N-methylcyclohexylamine: MS (electronspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 442.2.
EXAMPLE 132B
[1118] 3-Chloro-N-{4-[2-(3,4-dihydro-2-(1H)-isoquinolinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1119] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E in 29% yield, using 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-isoquinoline: MS (electronspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 462.0.
Example 133A
[1120] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide
[1121] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E in 57% yield, using N-methylaniline: MS (electronspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 436.2.
Example 134A
[1122] -2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)N-isopropyl-N-methylacetamide
[1123] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E in 66% yield, using N-methylisopropylamine: MS (electronspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 402.2.
Example 135A
[1124] 2-{2-[([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}-N-isopropyl-N-methylacetamide
[1125] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 9 and 4-biphenylsulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 108 mg (47%) of product: MS (electronpray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 428.4.
Example 136A
[1126] N-ethyl-N-methyl-2-(2-{[(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1127] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 8 and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 180 mg (75%) of product: MS (electrospray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 440.2.
Example 137A
[1128] 2-(2-{[(2,4-Dichloro-6-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-ethyl-N-methylacetamide
[1129] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 8 and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 27 mg (12%) of product: MS (electrospray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 420.2.
Example 138A
[1130] N-ethyl-N-methyl-2-(2-{[(4-propylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamide
[1131] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 8 and 4-n-propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 115 mg (56%) of product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 380.3.
Example 139A
[1132] 2-{2-[([19,1′-Biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylacetamide
[1133] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 8 and 4-biphenylsulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 143 mg (64%) of product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 414.3.
Example 140A
[1134] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-ethyl-N-methylacetamide
[1135] The tide compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87 according to METHOD E in 63% yield, using N-methylethylamine: MS (electronspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 388.2.
Example 141A
[1136] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-methyl-N-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]acetamide
[1137] The tide compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 87A according to METHOD E in 45% yield, using (1S)-1-phenylethylamine: MS (electronspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 464.2.
Example 142A
[1138] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1139] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD G, from EXAMPLE 8A. After workup and purification by flash column chromatography a pale brown foam was obtained. This material was recrystallized from methanol to yield 139 mg (66%) of amber-coloured crystals: mp 107 IC; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 400.0; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃O₃S₂.1 MeOH.0.25H₂O: C 46.8 (46.8)%, H 5.2 (5.2)%, N 9.6 (9.5)%.
Example 143A
[1140] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1141] EXAMPLE 8A (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) was heated for 3 days in piperidine (2 mL) at 100° C. in a Heck vial. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and upon standing, brown crystals formed that were collected on a filter: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 414.2.
Example 144A
[1142] N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1143] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 13 and 4-biphenylsulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 122 mg (51%) of product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 440.4.
Example 145A
[1144] N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-propylbenzenesulfonamide
[1145] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 13 and 4-n-propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 146 mg (66%) of product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 406.4.
Example 146A
[1146] 2,4-Dichloro-6-methyl-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1147] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 13 and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 168 mg (69%) of product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 446.3.
Example 147A
[1148] 2,4,6-Trichloro-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1149] The tide compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 13 and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B giving 156 mg (62%) of product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 466.3.
Example 148A
[1150] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1151] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD F, from EXAMPLE 87A. After the workup and purification by flash chromatography a pink foam was obtained. This material was recrystallized from methanol to give pink crystals (0.83 g, 69%): mp 208-209° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 416.0; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃O₄S₂: C 46.2 (46.0)%, H 4.4 (4.6)%, N 10.1 (10.0)%.
Example 149A
[1152] 2,4,6-Trichloro-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1153] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 10 and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride according to the preparation of EXAMPLE 152A giving 162 mg (64%) of product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 470.1.
Example 150A
[1154] 2,4-Dichloro-6-methyl-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1155] The title compound was prepared by coupling INTERMEDIATE 10 and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to the preparation of EXAMPLE 152A giving 111 mg (46%) of product:: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 448.1.
Example 151A
[1156] N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1157] INTERMEDIATE 10 (123 mg, 0.54 mmol) and DMAP (66 mg, 0.54 mmol) was mixed with TEA (0.15 mL, 1.08 mmol) and DMF (1 mL). 4-Biphenylsulfonyl chloride (137 mg, 0.54 mmol) was added. The mixture was left at room temperature overnight, then petrol ether (35 mL) was added. The oil that separated was purified by chromatography on silica gel (15 mL), eluting with DCM and 5% MeOH/DCM giving 22 mg (9%) of the title compound: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 442.2.
Example 152A
[1158] N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-propylbenzenesulfonamide
[1159] INTERMEDIATE 10 (123 mg, 0.54 mmol) and DMAP (66 mg, 0.54 mmol) was mixed with pyridine (1 mL) and cooled in ice. 4-n-Propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (118 mg, 0.54 mmol) was added. The mixture was kept at 4° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was then heated to 50° C. over 1.5 h, cooled and left at room temp for 4.5 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue purified by flash-chromatography on silica gel with 0-5% MeOH/DCM as eluent giving 122 mg (55%) of the title compound: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 408:3.
Example 153A
[1160] 2,4-Dichloro-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1161] INTERMEDIATE 10(0.227 g, 1.00 mmol) and DMAP (0.122 g, 1.00 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (2.0 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (0.258 g, 2.00 mmol) and DCM (1.5 mL). 2,4-Dichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (0.245 g, 1.00 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) was added to the mixture and the reaction stiffed over night. The reaction mixture was filtered though Hydromatrix column treated with aqueous hydrogen chloride (10 mL, 1 M) and eluted with DCM. The washings were concentrated and purified by silica chromatography using DCM/methanol (95:5) to give 177 mg (41%) of the title compound with HPLC purity >90%: MS (Ion spray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 434.2; 436.2, 438.2.
Example 154A
[1162] 4-Chloro-2,6-dimethyl-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1163] The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 153A, using 4-chloro-2,6-dimethyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride to give 43 mg (10%) of product with HPLC purity >90%: MS (Ion spray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 430.0.
Example 155A
[1164] N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}4-phenoxybenzenesulfonamide
[1165] The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 153A, using 4-phenoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride to give 117 mg (25%) of product with HPLC purity of 90%: MS (Ion spray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 458.3.
Example 156A
[1166] 2-Methyl-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulfonamide
[1167] The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 153A, using 2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulfonyl chloride to give 129 mg (29%) of product with HPLC purity >90%: MS (Ion spray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 464.2.
Example 157A
[1168] N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide
[1169] The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 153A, using 2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonyl chloride to give 98 mg (19%) of product with HPLC purity >90%: MS (Ion spray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 502.2.
Example 158A
[1170] 4-Bromo-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1171] The title compound was prepared according to EXAMPLE 153A, using 4-bromo-2-methyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride to give 73 mg (16%) of product with HPLC purity >90%: MS (Ion spray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 460.0, 462.0.
Example 158B
[1172] 4-(2-Furyl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1173] The tide compound was prepared from furan-2-boronic acid (17 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a beige solid (11.6 mg) with purity >80%. MS (pos) m/z 434.1.
Example 158C
[1174] 3′-Fluoro-6′-methoxy-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl})[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1175] The title compound was prepared from 5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenylboronic acid (25 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (33.3 mg) with purity >90%: MS (pos) m/z 492.0; HRMS m/z 491.0987 (calc. of monoisotopic mass for C₂₂H₂₂FN₃O₅S₂ gives 491.0985).
Example 158D
[1176] 4-(5-Methyl-2-thienyl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1177] The title compound was prepared from 5-methylthiophene-2-boronic acid (21 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (7.1 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 464.1.
Example 158E
[1178] 3′-Acetyl-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1179] The title compound was prepared from 3-acetylphenylboronic acid (25 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (33.2 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 486.1.
Example 158F
[1180] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4′-(trifluoromethoxy)[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1181] The title compound was prepared from 4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzeneboronic acid (31 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (30.4 mg) with purity >90%. MS-(pos) m/z 528.1.
Example 158G
[1182] 3′,4′-Dichloro-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1183] The title compound was prepared from 3,4-dichlorophenylboronic acid (29 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (27.3 mg) with purity >90%: MS (pos) m/z 512.0, 514.0; HRMS m/z 511.0196 (calc. of monoisotopic mass for C₂₁H₁₉Cl₂N₃O₄S₂ gives 511.0194).
Example 158H
[1184] 4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1185] The title compound was prepared from 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylboronic acid (25 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a brown solid (5.2 mg) with purity >80%. MS (pos) m/z 488.1.
Example 158I
[1186] 4-(5chloro-2-thienyl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1187] The title compound was prepared from 5-chlorothiophene-2-boronic acid (24 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (5.1 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 484.0, 486.0.
Example 158J
[1188] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-(4-pyridinyl)benzenesulfonamide
[1189] The title compound was prepared from pyridine-4-boronic acid (18 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L, but at a temperature of 100° C. and with more palladium(II)acetate (4 mg) added, to give a white solid (4.0 mg) with purity >90%.
[1190] MS (pos) m/z 445.0.
Example 158K
[1191] N-{4′-[({4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}amino)sulfonyl][1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl}acetamide
[1192] The title compound was prepared from 3-acetamidobenzeneboronic acid (27 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (3.0 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 501.2.
EXAMPLE 158L
[1193] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-(3-thienyl)benzenesulfonamide
[1194] The title compound was prepared from thiophene-3-boronic acid (19 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a beige solid (22.4 mg) with purity >90%: MS (pos) m/z 450.0; HRMS m/z 449.0543 (calc. of monoisotopic mass for C₁₉H₁₉N₃O₄S₃ gives 449.0538).
Example 158M
[1195] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-(2-thienyl)benzenesulfonamide
[1196] The title compound was prepared from thiophene-2-boronic acid (19 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a beige solid (6.1 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 450.1.
Example 158N
[1197] 4′-[({4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}amino)sulfonyl][1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid
[1198] The title compound was prepared from 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (25 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (12.4 mg) with purity >80%. MS (pos) m/z 488.1.
Example 158O
[1199] 4′-(Methylsulfanyl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1200] The title compound was prepared from 4-(methylthio)phenylboronic acid (25 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a beige solid (30.0 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 490.1.
Example 158P
[1201] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-3′,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1202] The title compound was prepared from 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (39 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a beige solid (39.6 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 580.1.
Example 158Q
[1203] 4′-Chloro-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1204] The title compound was prepared from 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (23 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a beige solid (31.1 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 478.1.
Example 158R
[1205] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-3′-nitro[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1206] The title compound was prepared from 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (25 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a white solid (34.8 mg) with purity >90%: MS pos) m/z 489.1; HRMS m/z 488.0827 (calc. of monoisotopic mass for C₂₁H₂₀N₄O₆S₂ gives 488.0824).
Example 158S
[1207] 4-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1208] The title compound was prepared benzo[B]furan-2-boronic acid (24 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD L to give a yellow solid (4.7 mg) with purity >80%. MS (pos) m/z 484.0.
Example 158T
[1209] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)benzenesulfonamide
[1210] The title compound was prepared from pyrrolidine (71 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD N to give a solid (0.6 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 437.0.
Example 158U
[1211] 4-(4-Methyl-1-piperidinyl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1212] The title compound was prepared from 4-methylpiperidine (99 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD N to give a solid (2.1 mg) with purity >80%. MS (pos) m/z 465.2.
Example 158V
[1213] 4-Anilino-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)₂-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1214] The title compound was prepared from aniline (93 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD N to give a solid (4.6 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 459.2.
Example 158W
[1215] 4-(Benzylamino)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1216] The title compound was prepared from benzylamine (16 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD M to give a solid (2.0 mg) with purity >80%. MS (pos) m/z 473.2.
Example 158X
[1217] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-[(2-thienylmethyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide
[1218] The title compound was prepared from thiophene-2-methylamine (113 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD N to give a solid (0.7 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 479.1.
Example 158Y
[1219] 4-(4-Morpholinyl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)₂-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1220] The title compound was prepared from morpholine (13 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD M to give a solid (8.3 mg) with purity >90%. MS (pos) m/z 453.1.
Example 158Z
[1221] 4-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl)-N-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1222] The title compound was prepared from N-methylpiperaiine (15 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD M to give a solid (3.9 mg) with purity >80%. MS (pos) m/z 466.2.
Example 158ZA
[1223] N-{4-[2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-[(3-pyridinylmethyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide
[1224] The title compound was prepared from 3-(aminomethyl)pyridine (108 mg) as described in the synthetic METHOD N to give a solid (0.9 mg) with purity >70%. MS (pos) m/z 474.1.
Example 159A
[1225] 2,4-Dichloro-6-methyl-N-{5-methyl-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)₂-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1226] The title compound was essentially prepared according METHOD B from INTERMEDIATE 16 and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. This procedure gave ivory crystals after recrystallization from methanol (117 mg, 60%): mp 186-187° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 464.0.
Example 160A
[1227] N-{5-methyl-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1228] The title compound was essentially prepared according METHOD B from INTERMEDIATE 16 and 4-biphenylsulfonyl chloride. This procedure gave an off-white solid material after column chromatography and trituration with methanol (75 mg, 39%): mp 204-206° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 458.0; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₄S₂ 1H₂O: C 55.6 (55.2)%, H 5.3 (5.3)%, N 8.8 (8.9)%.
Example 161A
[1229] 2,4,6-trichloro-N-{5-methyl-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1230] The title compound was essentially prepared according METHOD B from INTERMEDIATE 16 and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride. This procedure gave ivory crystals after recrystallization from methanol (151 mg, 74%): mp 216-217° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 486.0; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₆H₁₆Cl₃N₃O₄S₂ 1 CH₃OH: C 39.5 (39.2)%, H 4.0 (3.9)%, N 8.1 (8.1)%.
Example 162A
[1231] 3-chloro-2-methyl-N-{5-methyl-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1232] The title compound was essentially prepared according METHOD B from INTERMEDIATE 16 and 3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. This procedure gave ivory crystals after recrystallization from methanol (105 mg, 58%): mp 194-195° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 430.2; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₇H₂₀ClN₃O₄S₂ 0.5H₂O: C 46.5 (46.9)%, H 4.8 (4.6)%, N 9.6 (9.6)%.
Example 163A
[1233] 3-Chloro-N-(4-{2-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholinyl]-2-oxoethyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1234] The title compound was prepared in 190/yield from EXAMPLE 87A and cis-(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholine according to the preparation of EXAMPLE 171A: MS (electronspray, [M−H]7) m/z 442.3.
Example 164A
[1235] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-(4-{2-[(1S,4S)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-yl]-2-oxoethyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide
[1236] EXAMPLE 87A (40 mg, 0.115 mmol), (1S,4S)-(+)-2-aza-5-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride (16 mg, 0.12 mmol) and DMAP (15 mg, 0.12 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (0.3 mL). EDCI (23 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added followed by diisopropylethylamine (41 μL, 0.24 mmol). The solution was left overnight, evaporated in vacuum and the residue purified by flash-chromatography on silica gel with 2% and 5% methanol/DCM as eluent. Yield 36 mg, 73%: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 426.3.
Example 165A
[1237] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(4-thiomorpholinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1238] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD G, from EXAMPLE 8A using thiomorpholine. After the workup and purification by flash chromatography a pale pink solid (150 mg, 66%) was obtained: mp 103-106° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 432.2; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₆H₁₈ClN₃O₃S₃: C 44.5 (44.4)%, H 4.2 (4.4)%, N 9.7 (9.5)%.
Example 166A
[1239] N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(4-thiomorpholinyl)ethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-sulfonamide
[1240] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 12 and 4-biphenylsulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B, yielding 104 mg (42%) of the product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 458.3.
Example 167A
[1241] N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(4-thiomorpholinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-propylbenzenesulfonamide
[1242] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 12 and 4-n-propylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B, yielding 171 mg (74%) of the product: MS (electronspray, (M−H]⁻) m/z 424.2.
Example 168A
[1243] 2,4-Dichloro-6-methyl-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(4-thiomorpholinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1244] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 12 and 2,4-dichloro-6-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B, yielding 145 mg (57%) of the product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 464.3.
Example 169A
[1245] 2,4,6-Trichloro-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(4-thiomorpholinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1246] The title compound was prepared by coupling of INTERMEDIATE 12 and 2,4,6-tichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride according to METHOD B, yielding 114 mg (43%) of the product: MS (electronspray, [M−H]⁻) m/z 484.1.
Example 170A
[1247] N-{4-[2-(1,1-dioxido-4-thiomorpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-propylbenzenesulfonamide
[1248] EXAMPLE 167A (43 mg, 0.1 mmol) was mixed with methanol (1 mL) and cooled in ice. Oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate, 74 mg, 0.12 mmol) dissolved in water (81 mL) was added slowly. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Methanol was evaporated, water was added and the mixture was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate and extracted with DCM. The product was purified by flash chromatography using 5/o methanol/DCM as eluent. Yield 16 mg, 35%: ¹H NMR (DMSO) δ 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.35 (d, 2H), 6.5 (s, 1H), 3.85 (m, 4H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.6 (t, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 0.9 (t, 3H). MS-ES (neg) m/z 456.2.
Example 171A
[1249] Tert-butyl 4-[(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylate
[1250] EXAMPLE 87A (278 mg, 0.8 mmol), t-butyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (126 mg, 1.0 mmol) and DMAP (25 mg, 0.2 mmol) were stirred in DMF (3 mL). After 3 days, the DMF was removed at the rotavapor and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel with 5% methanol/DCM as eluent yielding 111 mg (27%) of the title compound: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.98 (d, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.22 (t, 1H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.3-3.65 (m, 9H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H). MS-ES (neg) m/z 513.2.
Example 171B
[1251] N-{4-[2-(4-Acetyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxdethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1252] This compound was prepared following the procedure for the synthesis of EXAMPLE 171A using N-acetylpiperazine. This method gave 133 mg (49%) of the title compound after purification: ¹H NMR (DMSO) δ 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.39 (t, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 3.68 (s, 2H), 3.4-3.5 (8H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H). MS-ES neg m/z 455.4.
Example 172A
[1253] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide trifluoroacetate
[1254] To an ice-cold suspension of EXAMPLE 8A (2.43 g, 6.44 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) was HOBT (0.98 g, 6.44 mmol), EDCI (1.23 g, 6.44 mmol) and Et₃N (1.30 g, 12.89 mmol) added. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes when 1-methylpiperazine (704 mg, 7.03 mmol) was added. The reaction was going on at room temperature over night and was then extracted with 1 M HCl containing some brine. The product solidified in the organic phase, which was separated. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in TFA. The solution was put on top of a column and the crude material was purified by reversed phase flash chromatography on LiChroprep RP-18. The product was gradient eluting with (acetonitrile in H₂O/0.4% conc. HCl). Pure fractions were pooled and the solvent volume was reduced by approximately 70% A precipitate was formed which was centrifuged and the clear yellow solvent was removed. The solid was dried under vacuum at 60° C. giving a white solid (1.30 g, 2.79 mmol, 48%): Mp 245° C. dec.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 428; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₇H₂₁ClN₄O₃S₂ 1 HCl 0.4H₂O: C 43.2 (43.2)% H 4.9 (4.9)% N 11.8 (11.9)%.
Example 173A
[1255] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-oxo-2-(1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide trifluoroacetate
[1256] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 171A as described for the BOC-deprotection procedure in the preparation of EXAMPLE 177A: MS-ES (neg) m/z 415.2.
Example 174A
[1257] 2-Methyl-N-{4-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenesulfonamide
[1258] The title compound was synthesized in two steps as described for EXAMPLE 175A, staring from ethyl [2-({[2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl}amino)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]acetate (2.80 g, 6.30 mmol) to give 116 mg (48% yield) of product with a HPLC purity of 95%: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.03 (d, 1H), 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 3.70 (s, 2H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.38 (m, 4H), 2.25 (s, 3H).
Example 175A
[1259] 2,4-Dichloro-6-methyl-N-{4-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1260] EXAMPLE 30A (1.91 g, 4.67 mmol) was added to a solution of potassium hydroxide (5 g, 89 mmol) in water (25 mL) and ethanol (25 mL). The reaction was stirred over night, diluted with water and washed with toluene. The water phase was adjusted with aqueous hydrogen chloride (37%) to pH 1 and the solution extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers were dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated to give 1.7 g (95% yield) of (2-{[(2,4-dichloro-6-methylphenyl)-sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetic acid. (¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H); MS (Ion spray, [M+H]⁺) 4M/z 381.0). The acid (0.2 g, 0.525 mmol) was coupled with 1-methyl-piperazine as in method F, to give 110 mg (45% yield) of the title compound with a HPLC purity of 95%: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.29 (d, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.41 (m, 4H), 2.28 (s, 3H). MS (Ion spray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 463.0.
Example 176A
[1261] 2,4-Dichloro-N-{4-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1262] The title compound was synthesized in two steps as described for EXAMPLE 175A, starting from EXAMPLE 32A (1.60 g, 4.05 mmol) to give 10 mg (4% yield) of product with a HPLC purity of 95%: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.08 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.33 (dd, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 3.62 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 2.43 (m, 4H), 2.55 (s, 3H). MS (Ion spray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 449.0, 450.0, 451.0.
Example 177A
[1263] 3-chloro-N-(4-{2-[(2R)-2,4-dimethylpiperazinyl]-2-oxoethyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1264] EXAMPLE 87A (347, 1.0 mmol) and INTERMEDIATE 7 (240 mg, 1.2 mmol) were coupled using METHOD F, giving 260 mg (49%) of t-Butyl (3R)-4-[(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]ainino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetyl]-3-methyl-1-piperazinecarboxylate (¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.97 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.19 (t, 1H), 6.31 (bs, 1H), 4.68, 4.28 (m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.19, 1.13 (d, 3H). MS-ES (neg) m/z 527.3). This intermediate was treated with TFA/DCM/water (2 mL, 10:9:1 v/v/v) and stirred for 1 h. Evaporation of the volatiles gave 231 mg (87%) of the deprotected product as the TFA salt (MS-ES (pos) m/z 429.2). This product (225 mg, 0.4 mmol) was mixed with TEA (110 μL, 0.79 mmol) and 1,2-dichloroethane (2.0 mL). 370/Formalin (65 μL, 0.86 mmol) was added, followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (200 mg, 0.95 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight, 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried and evaporated. The residue was passed through a LiChroprep RP-18 column (Merck) and eluted with 40% acetonitrile, 1% acetic acid/water. This procedure gave 85 mg (50%) of the title compound: MS-ES (neg) m/z 441.4.
Example 178A
[1265] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide
[1266] EXAMPLE 87A (346 mg, 1.0 mmol) was coupled with O,N-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (117 mg, 1.2 mmol) using METHOD F. After work up, 382 mg of a tan brown solid was obtained that was purified by flash column chromatography eluting with DCM/methanol (20:1 v/v). Pure fractions were pooled and after evaporation of the solvents, triturated with DCM/diethylether (1:1 v/v) to give 300 mg (77%) of a light pink solid: mp 168-169° C.; MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 390; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₄H₁₆ClN₃O₄S₂ 0.5H₂O: C 42.2 (41.9)%, H 4.3 (4.2)%, N 10.5 (10.3)
Example 179A
[1267] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-[4-(2-oxopentyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide
[1268] Under nitrogen (g) atmosphere, EXAMPLE 178A (200 mg, 0.51 mmol) was dissolved in THF (4 mL) and cooled to 0° C. n-Propylmagnesium chloride (0.52 mL, 2 M in diethyl ether) was added dropwise via a syringe through a septum. The resulting light green solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and quenched with aqueous HCl (1 M, 5 mL). Extraction with DCM (3×5 mL), drying of the organic phase (sodium sulfate) and evaporation in vacuo gave a crude yellow oil. Purification by flash chromatography on silicagel eluting with DCM/methanol (20:1 v/v) gave 10 mg of a white solid: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 373.0; HRMS Calcd (found) for C₁₅H₁₇ClN₂O₃S₂ m/z 372.0361 (372.0369).
Example 180A
[1269] 4-ChloroN-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide
[1270] The title compound was prepared according to the preparation of EXAMPLE 181A, starting with EXAMPLE 2A. This gave a crude product that was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 20% acetone in DCM to yield 635 mg (36%) pure material: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 318; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₁H₁₁ClN₂O₃S₂: C 41.4 (41.3)% H 3.5 (3.5)% N 8.8 (8.6)%.
Example 181A
[1271] 3-Chloro-N-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1272] To a solution of EXAMPLE 8A (5.00 g, 13.34 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was added lithium aluminum hydride (1.06 g, 28.02 mmol) in small portions. The temperature was kept below 0° C. during the addition, and the mixture was stirred for 45 min. at 0° C., treated with water (1 mL), conc. HCl (1 mL) and water (1 mL). Sodium sulfate was added and the solid was filtered off. The solvent was evaporated and the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 20% acetone in DCM to yield the title compound (2.41 g, 54%): MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 332; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₂H₁₃ClN₂O₃S₂: C 43.3 (46.5)% H 3.9 (4.0)%1N 8.4 (8.3)%.
Example 181B
[1273] 3-Chloro-N-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1274] To a solution of EXAMPLE 231B (1.91 g, 4.91 mmol) in DME (10 mL) Was added lithium borohydride (180 mg, 7.86 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 3 h and acetic acid (2 mL) was added at room temperature. When the gas development was finished, 2-ethanolamine (1 mL) was added and the mixture was refluxed for additional 40 min. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was extracted with 2 M HCl and THF. The organic phase was separated and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was crystallised from ethanol giving 1.56 g (91%) of the title compound: ¹H NMR (DMSO) δ 1.66 (qn, 2H), 2.46 (t, 21I), 2.64 (s, 3H), 3.68 (t, 2H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 7.37 (t, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H); MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 346.
Example 182A
[1275] 3-Chloro-N-[4-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1276] Sodium hydride (95% dry, 80 mg, 3.23 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of EXAMPLE 181A (426 mg, 1.28 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at room temperature. After stirring for 15 min, the mixture was treated with ethyl iodide (400 mg, 2.56 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at 55° C. and then quenched with aqueous HCl (1 M, 1 mL) and water was added. The product was extracted with DCM and dried (Sodium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 10% acetone in DCM giving an oil (0.25 g, 54%) which solidified on standing: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 360; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₄H₁₇ClN₂O₃S₂: C 46.6 (46.5)% H 4.7 (4.6)% N 7.8 (7.8)%.
Example 183A
[1277] 3-Chloro-N-[4-(2-isopropoxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1278] Sodium hydride (95% dry, 129 mg, 5.39 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of EXAMPLE 181A (359 mg, 1.08 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at room temperature. After stirring for 15 min, the mixture was treated with 2-iodopropane (917 mg, 5.39 mmol). After two days at 50° C., additional sodium hydride (26 mg, 1.08 mmol) and 2-iodopropane (366 mg, 2.16 mmol) were added. After stirring for 1 h the reaction mixture was acidified with 2M HCl and water was added. The product was extracted with DCM and dried (sodium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 4% acetone in DCM giving (15 mg, 4%) of an oil which solidified on standing: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 374.
Example 184A
[1279] N-{4-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1280] Sodium hydride (95°/dry, 76 mg, 3.00 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of EXAMPLE 181A (400 mg, 1.20 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at room temperature. After stirring for 15 min. the mixture was treated with benzyl bromide (226 mg, 1.32 mmol). After 2 h at 50° C. additional sodium hydride (60 mg, 2.40 mmol) and benzyl bromide (142 mg, 1.20 mmol) were added in two equal portions under a period of 2 h. The reaction was quenched by adding 1M HCl (3 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was extracted with DCM and dried (Sodium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5% acetone in DCM giving (105 mg, 0.25 mmol, 21%) which solidified on standing: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 322. Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₉H₁₉ClN₂O₃S₂ 0.5 CH₂Cl₂: C 50.3 (50.7)% H 4.3 (4.1)% N 6.0 (5.9)%.
Example 185A
[1281] 3-Chloro-N-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1282] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 181A according to the preparation of EXAMPLE 182A, using methyl iodide. After 1.5 h at 40° C. the reaction mixture was quenched with 2M HCl (1 mL) and water was added. The mixture was extracted with DCM and dried (Sodium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5% acetone in DCM giving a colorless oil (0.25 g, 60%) which solidified on standing: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 346. Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₃H₁₅ClN₂O₃S₂: C 45.0 (44.8)% H 4.4 (4.4)% N 8.1 (7.9)%.
Example 186A
[1283] 3-Chloro-N-{4-[2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1284] The title compound was prepared from EXAMPLE 181A according to the preparation of EXAMPLE 182A, using 1-fluoro-2-iodoethane (6 eq). After 5 h at reflux the reaction mixture was quenched with 2M HCl and water was added. The mixture was extracted with DCM and dried (Sodium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent gave a residue which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel gradient eluting with 0-20% acetone in DCM giving a colorless oil (28 mg, 6%). MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 378.
Example 187A
[1285] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1286] Sodium hydride (95% dry, 253 mg, 10.00 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2,2,2-tirluoroethanol (1.00 g, 10.00 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring for 15 minutes at room temperature, the temperature was lowered to −80° C. using an ethanol-dry ice bath. Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (1.69 g, 10.00 mmol) dissolved in THF (5 mL) was then added in small portions, and the mixture was then left to reach room temperature over night. The reaction mixture was centrifuged and the white precipitate was separated. The solvent was diluted with THF to 25 mL (assumed concentration: 0.4 M). The prepared 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate solution (7.5 mL, 0.4 M) was added to a mixture of EXAMPLE 181A (500 mg, 1.5 mmol) and sodium hydride (95% dry, 94 mg, 3.73 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring at 0° C. for 1.5 h an additional amount of sodium hydride (95% dry, 76 mg, 3.00 mmol) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate solution (7.5 mL) was added. After 1 h at 0° C. was die mixture poured on to ice and neutralized with 2.0 M HCl and extracted with DCM. Evaporation of the organic solvent gave a residue which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with a 2-5% acetone gradient in DCM. This gave 174 mg (28%) of a white solid: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 414. Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₄H₁₄ClF₃N₂O₃S₂: C 40.5 (40.5)% H 3.4 (3.4)% N 6.7 (6.7)%.
Example 188A
[1287] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-(2-pyridinylsulfanyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1288] Sodium hydride (95% dry, 31 mg, 1.21 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of the bromide EXAMPLE 213A (240 mg, 0.61 mmol) and 2-mercaptopyridine (68 mg, 0.61 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at 0° C. After stirring for 30 minutes at 0° C. product was slowly formed. The temperature was elevated to 40° C. and after 30 minutes, the reaction was neutralised by adding aqueous HCl (2 M) and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was dried (sodium sulfate) and the solvent was evaporated. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel gradient eluting with 2-5% acetone in DCM giving a solid (130 mg, 50%). MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 425; Anal. Calcd. (found) for C₁₇H₁₆ClN₃O₂S₃: C 47.9 (47.9)% H 3.8 (3.9)% N 9.9 (9.9)%.
Example 189A
[1289] 3-Chloro-2-methyl-N-{4-[2-(3-pyridinyloxy)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}benzenesulfonamide
[1290] Sodium hydride (95% dry, 32 mg, 1.27 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of bromide EXAMPLE 213A (240 mg, 0.61 mmol) and 3-hydroxypyridine (63 mg, 0.67 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at 0° C. After 2 h at reflux temperature the reaction was neutralized by adding 2 M HCl and the product mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic phase was dried (Sodium sulfate) and the solvent was evaporated. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel gradient eluting with 2-5% acetone in DCM giving the title compound as a solid (18 mg, 7%) and 3-chloro-2-methyl-N-(4-vinyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide as a solid (33 mg, 17%). EXAMPLE 189A: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 410.
Example 189B
[1291] Methyl 2-[2-(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethoxy]benzoate
[1292] INTERMEDIATE 23 (124 mg, 0.445 mmol) and DMAP (54 mg, 0.44 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (2 mL). TEA (0.12 mL, 0.89 mmol) was added followed by 3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (105 mg, 0.468 mmol). The solution was kept at room temperature over night and then at 4° C. for 3 days. Evaporation and chromatography on silica gel with 35% ethyl acetate/toluene gave the title product (91 mg, 44% yield): MS-ES (neg) m/z 465.5; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.99 (m, 2H), 7.4-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.03 (t, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 4.18 (t, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.01 (t, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H).
Example 190A
[1293] 3-Chloro-N-[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-4(2-ethoxyethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1294] A solution of EXAMPLE 182A (360 mg, 1 mmol), dimethylamine hydrochloride (164 mg, 2 mmol), 37% formaldehyde (0,5 mL) in acetic acid (5 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 5.5 hrs. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in water (5 mL). The pH of the water solution was adjusted to 9 with 2 N NaOH. The precipitate was filtered, washed with water and dried to give the product as white powder (115.4 mg, 28% yield): mp 152-153° C.; MS m/e, 420, 418 (M⁺)
EXAMPLE 191A
[1295] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-11,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl methanesulfonate
[1296] EXAMPLE 181A (1.0 g, 3.0 mmol) was suspended in DCM (15 mL) and Et₃N (0.9 g, 8.4 mmol) was added dropwise while stirring at 0° C. Methane sulfonyl chloride (0.5 g, 4.2 mmol) was added and the coloured suspension was allowed to warm to room tempature and stirred for 4 h. Washing with aqueous HCl (1 M, 2×40 mL), drying (sodium sulfate) and evaporation of the organic phase gave crude material. Purification by preparative straight phase HPLC gave 0.7 g (54%) of an off-white solid: MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 411; Anal. Calcd (found) for C₁₃H₁₅ClN₂O₅S₃: C 38.0 (37.9)%, H 3.7 (4.0)o/o, N 6.8 (6.6)%
EXAMPLE 191B
[1297] 3-(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)propyl methanesulfonate
[1298] The title compound was essentially prepared according to the synthesis described for EXAMPLE 191A starting with EXAMPLE 181B (1.51 g, 4.36 mmol). After the workup procedure, the crude material was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5% acetone in DCM giving 1.00 g (54%) of an oil: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 3.02 t, 2H), 3.44 (t, 2H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 7.24 (t, 1H), 7.55 (dd, 1H), 8.00 (dd, 1H); MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 423.
Example 192A
[1299] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl acetate
[1300] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD J by coupling EXAMPLE 181A and acetyl chloride, giving 79 mg (70%) white foam after purification: HRMS Calcd (found) for C₁₄H₁₅ClN₂O₄S₂ m/z 374.0162 (374.0144).
EXAMPLE 192B
[1301] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl propionate
[1302] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD J by coupling EXAMPLE 181A and propionyl chloride, giving 104 mg (89%) of a white solid after purification: mp 122° C.; HRMS Calcd (found) for C₁₅H₁₇ClN₂O₄S₂ m/z 388.0318 (388.0307).
Example 193A
[1303] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl 2-methylpropanoate
[1304] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD J by coupling EXAMPLE 181A and isobutyryl chloride, giving 58 mg (48%) of a white solid after purification: mp 118° C.; HRMS Calcd (found) for C₁₆H₁₉ClN₂O₄S₂ m/z 402.0475 (402.0473).
Example 194A
[1305] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl 2-furoate
[1306] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD J by coupling EXAMPLE 181A and 2-furoyl chloride, giving 96 mg (75%) of a white solid after purification: HRMS Calcd (found) for C₁₇H₁₅ClN₂O₅S₂ m/z 426.0111 (426.0112).
Example 195A
[1307] 2-(2-{[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl benzoate
[1308] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD J by coupling EXAMPLE 181A and benzoyl chloride, giving 104 mg (80%) of a white foam after purification: HRMS Calcd (found) for Cl₉H₁₇ClN₂O₄S₂ m/z 436.0318 (436.0314).
Example 196A
[1309] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl 4-morpholinecarboxylate
[1310] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD K starting from EXAMPLE 181A and using morpholine as the amine, giving 56 mg (42%) of a white solid after purification: mp 161° C.; HRMS Calcd (found) for C₁₇H₂₀ClN₃O₅S₂ m/z 445.0533 (445.0525).
Example 197A
[1311] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl diethylcarbamate
[1312] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD K starting from EXAMPLE 181A and using N,N-diethylamine as the amine, giving 72 mg (56%) of a white solid after purification: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.07-1.10 (m, 6H), 2.68 (s, 31), 2.99 (t, 2H), 3.21-3.27 (m, 4H), 4.33 (t, 2H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 7.22 (t, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 8.02 (d, 1H), 11.17 (br s, NH).
Example 198A
[1313] 2-(2-{[(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl ethylcarbamate
[1314] The title compound was prepared according to METHOD K starting from EXAMPLE 181A and using N-ethylamine as the amine, giving 78 mg (64%) of a white solid after purification: HRMS Calcd (found) for C₁₅H₁₈ClN₃O₄S₂ m/z 403.0427 (403.0413).
Example 199A
[1315] N-[4-(2-azidoethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1316] A mixture of EXAMPLE 191A (1.00 g, 2.43 mmol) and sodium azide (791 mg, 12.17 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) was refluxed for 2.5 h. The solvent was evaporated and the crude material was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried (Sodium sulfate) and the solvent was evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 2-5% acetone in DCM to yield the title product (633 mg, 1.77 mmol, 70%): MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 357.
Example 200A
[1317] N-[4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-chloro-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide
[1318] EXAMPLE 191A (1.00 g, 2.43 mmol) was stirred in 25% amoniumhydroxide (40 mL) for 1 h at 80° C. About 10 mL of the solvent was evaporated and the solid was filtered off giving 0.69 g (85%) of pure title compound: H. NMR (DMSO) δ 2.63 (m, 5H), 2.99 (t, 2H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 7.24 (t, 1H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H); MS (Ionspray, [M+H]⁺) m/z 331.
| 8,550 |
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32501301 | Wikidata | Semantic data | CC0 | null | Категорія:Культові споруди Малі | None | Multilingual | Semantic data | 15 | 66 | Категорія:Культові споруди Малі
категорія проєкту Вікімедіа
Категорія:Культові споруди Малі є одним із категорія проєкту Вікімедіа | 37,247 |
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portada/efem%C3%A8ride%20desembre%2026 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Portada/efemèride desembre 26 | https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portada/efemèride desembre 26&action=history | Catalan | Spoken | 3 | 13 | 26
<div class=caixa-flex> | 34,299 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heia%20%28bungtod%20sa%20Noruwega%2C%20Troms%20Fylke%2C%20Sk%C3%A5nland%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Heia (bungtod sa Noruwega, Troms Fylke, Skånland) | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heia (bungtod sa Noruwega, Troms Fylke, Skånland)&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 200 | 327 | Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Heia (pagklaro).
Bungtod ang Heia sa Noruwega. Nahimutang ni sa munisipyo sa Skånland ug lalawigan sa Troms Fylke, sa amihanang bahin sa nasod, km sa amihanan sa Oslo ang ulohan sa nasod. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Heia.
Ang yuta palibot sa Heia kasagaran kabungtoran, apan sa amihanan nga kini mao ang patag. Sa amihanan, dagat ang pinakaduol sa Heia. Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga ka metro ug km sa sidlakan sa Heia. Dunay mga ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Heia may kaayo gamay nga populasyon. Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang Harstad, km sa amihanan sa Heia. Hapit nalukop sa durowan ug kabugangan ang palibot sa Heia. Sa rehiyon palibot sa Heia, mga bungtod, salog sa dagat, ug mga kalapukan talagsaon komon.
Ang klima klima sa kontinente. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Pebrero, sa °C.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga bungtod sa Troms Fylke
Kabukiran sa Noruwega nga mas taas kay sa 200 metros ibabaw sa dagat nga lebel
sv:Heia (kulle i Norge, Troms fylke, Skånland) | 46,487 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42457051 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Günter Zöchbauer, JB Nizet, https://stackoverflow.com/users/217408, https://stackoverflow.com/users/571407, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7506082, juli | English | Spoken | 453 | 895 | Angular2 Routing-Resolve interface usage with OpaqueToken
I want to fetch data before an route/component is instantiated. Therefore I want to use the "Resolver"-Interface from the Angular2-Routing-Module.
Take a look at my code. Its working with a string as the provider name, but throwing errors if I use an OpaqueToken for the provider.
Watch out for the "NOT WORKING"-Comment.
1 My (Child-)Routes (excerpt).
export const routes: Routes = [{
path: 'myPath',
component: MyComponent,
children: [
{
path: ':id',
component: MyComponent,
resolve: {
itemData: 'MyResolver' // WORKING --- wanted to replace with itemData: MyToken
}
}
]
}];
2 Code of my module (excerpt):
export let MyToken: OpaqueToken = new OpaqueToken('my.resolver');
@NgModule({
imports: [
CommonModule,
...
],
declarations: [
MyComponent,
],
providers: [
{
provide: 'MyResolver', // WORKING -- wanted to replace with provide: MyToken
useFactory: (DataService: any) => {
return new MyResolverService(DataService);
},
deps: [MyInstanceOfDataService]
}
]
})
export class MyModule {
}
3 My custom Resolver-Class (excerpt):
@Injectable()
export class MyResolverService implements Resolve<any> {
constructor(protected DataService: any) {
}
resolve(ActivatedRoute: ActivatedRouteSnapshot): Promise<any> {
return this.DataService.getItem(id).toPromise()
.then((response: any}) => {
return response;
});
}
}
Its not possible to replace the string ("myResolver") with the created OpaqueToken ("MyToken" - without quotes of course). Don´t know why. I use multiple OpaqueToken for several Providers, but the Resolver is not able to use it.
The Error message in the console looks like this without further information.
Error: Token must be defined!
Anyone any idea?
Why do you use myToken myToken with lowercase m in resolve: { itemData: 'myResolver' // WORKING itemData: myToken // NOT WORKING instead of MyToken and MyResolver?
Just a typo - it´s correct now.
Why do you use a token in the first place? Why not use the type of the service directly? It looks like you overcomplicate things, while still using any everywhere.
Well, I want to use "MyResolverService" globally. Think about 2 modules, different Routes, and per module I have separate instances of my DataService (via FactoryProvider).
When I call "MyResolverService" in above example I want to inject my DataService instance (see deps[MyInstanceOfDataService]) to reach the right API endpoint to fetch the data which needs to be resolved before opening the components view.
Because of the global ResolverService I want to use the OpaqueToken for easier handling when the resolver is triggered by the routing-definition.
(arg, cannot edit) ... and for easier handling I want to define in every module an OpaqueToken with same name to use it in every routing-definition, no matter which module is currently loaded.
// import MyResolver and MyToken here
export const routes: Routes = [{
path: 'myPath',
component: MyComponent,
children: [
{
path: ':id',
component: MyComponent,
resolve: {
itemData: MyResolver
itemData: MyToken
}
}
]
}];
| 47,473 |
https://github.com/Shing-Ho/lwv/blob/master/addons/shared/lwv/news-module/src/Http/Controller/CategoriesController.php | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | lwv | Shing-Ho | PHP | Code | 114 | 493 | <?php namespace Lwv\NewsModule\Http\Controller;
use Lwv\NewsModule\Category\Command\AddCategoryBreadcrumb;
use Lwv\NewsModule\Category\Command\AddCategoryMetadata;
use Lwv\NewsModule\Category\Contract\CategoryRepositoryInterface;
use Lwv\NewsModule\Post\Command\AddPostsBreadcrumb;
use Lwv\NewsModule\Post\Contract\PostRepositoryInterface;
use Anomaly\Streams\Platform\Http\Controller\PublicController;
use Lwv\NewsModule\Post\Command\GetSettings;
use Lwv\NewsModule\Sidebar\Command\BuildSidebar;
/**
* Class CategoriesController
*/
class CategoriesController extends PublicController
{
/**
* Return an index of category posts.
*
* @param CategoryRepositoryInterface $categories
* @param PostRepositoryInterface $posts
* @param $category
* @return \Illuminate\View\View
*/
public function index(CategoryRepositoryInterface $categories, PostRepositoryInterface $posts, $category)
{
if (!$category = $categories->findBySlug($category)) {
abort(404);
}
$settings = $this->dispatch(new GetSettings());
$content = [
'intro' => $category->intro,
'footer' => $category->footer
];
if (isset($settings['sidebar']) && $settings['sidebar']) {
$sidebar = $this->dispatch(new BuildSidebar());
}
$this->dispatch(new AddPostsBreadcrumb());
$this->dispatch(new AddCategoryBreadcrumb($category));
$this->dispatch(new AddCategoryMetadata($category));
$posts = $posts->findManyByCategory($category, (isset($settings['posts_per_page']))? $settings['posts_per_page'] : 3);
return view('module::posts/posts', compact('category', 'posts', 'settings', 'sidebar', 'content'));
}
}
| 36,654 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11083694 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,012 | Stack Exchange | https://stackoverflow.com/users/5125206, lostsoul29 | English | Spoken | 102 | 174 | Does vagrant create a temp directory and files when packaging boxes
My vagrant box fail to finish being packaged due to not having enough space on disk, I'm wondering if there is any way to make sure that there are no temporary files left behind during the packaging process due to it being not finished.
In windows it's stored under C:/Users/user.name/AppData/Local/Temp/ in folder named following this scheme vagrant-YYYYMMDD-TSTAMP-id/.
In other linux-like OSes it would be in ~/.vagrant.d/tmp.
I think all of the temp files are in ~/.vagrant.d/tmp. Each time I have interrupted packaging, Vagrant has cleaned up automatically.
Thanks, this was useful.
| 31,782 |
https://github.com/FISCO-BCOS/FISCO-BCOS/blob/master/bcos-framework/bcos-framework/storage2/Storage.h | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference | 2,023 | FISCO-BCOS | FISCO-BCOS | C++ | Code | 424 | 1,880 | #pragma once
#include <bcos-concepts/Basic.h>
#include <bcos-concepts/ByteBuffer.h>
#include <bcos-task/Coroutine.h>
#include <bcos-task/Task.h>
#include <bcos-task/Trait.h>
#include <bcos-utilities/Ranges.h>
#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
#include <functional>
#include <optional>
#include <type_traits>
namespace bcos::storage2
{
template <class IteratorType>
concept ReadIterator =
requires(IteratorType&& iterator) {
requires std::convertible_to<task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(iterator.next())>, bool>;
requires std::same_as<typename task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(iterator.key())>,
typename IteratorType::Key>;
requires std::same_as<typename task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(iterator.value())>,
typename IteratorType::Value>;
requires std::convertible_to<task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(iterator.hasValue())>,
bool>;
};
template <class StorageType>
concept ReadableStorage = requires(StorageType&& impl) {
typename StorageType::Key;
requires ReadIterator<task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(impl.read(
std::declval<std::vector<typename StorageType::Key>>()))>>;
};
template <class StorageType>
concept WriteableStorage =
requires(StorageType&& impl) {
typename StorageType::Key;
typename StorageType::Value;
requires task::IsAwaitable<decltype(impl.write(
std::vector<typename StorageType::Key>(), std::vector<typename StorageType::Value>()))>;
};
struct STORAGE_BEGIN_TYPE
{
};
inline constexpr STORAGE_BEGIN_TYPE STORAGE_BEGIN{};
template <class StorageType>
concept SeekableStorage =
requires(StorageType&& impl) {
typename StorageType::Key;
requires ReadIterator<task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(impl.seek(
std::declval<typename StorageType::Key>()))>>;
requires ReadIterator<
task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(impl.seek(std::declval<STORAGE_BEGIN_TYPE>()))>>;
};
template <class StorageType>
concept ErasableStorage = requires(StorageType&& impl) {
typename StorageType::Key;
requires task::IsAwaitable<decltype(impl.remove(
std::declval<std::vector<typename StorageType::Key>>()))>;
};
template <storage2::ReadableStorage Storage>
struct ReadIteratorTrait
{
using type = typename task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(std::declval<Storage>().read(
std::declval<std::vector<typename Storage::Key>>()))>;
};
template <storage2::ReadableStorage Storage>
using ReadIteratorType = typename ReadIteratorTrait<Storage>::type;
template <storage2::SeekableStorage Storage>
struct SeekIteratorTrait
{
using type = typename task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(std::declval<Storage>().seek(
std::declval<typename Storage::Key>()))>;
};
template <storage2::SeekableStorage Storage>
using SeekIteratorType = typename SeekIteratorTrait<Storage>::type;
template <class Iterator>
concept RangeableIterator = requires(Iterator&& iterator) {
requires storage2::ReadIterator<Iterator>;
{
iterator.range()
} -> RANGES::range;
};
inline auto singleView(auto&& value)
{
using ValueType = decltype(value);
if constexpr (std::is_rvalue_reference_v<ValueType>)
{
return RANGES::views::single(std::forward<decltype(value)>(value));
}
else if constexpr (std::is_const_v<ValueType>)
{
return RANGES::views::single(std::cref(value)) |
RANGES::views::transform([](auto&& input) -> auto const& { return input.get(); });
}
else
{
return RANGES::views::single(std::ref(value)) |
RANGES::views::transform([](auto&& input) -> auto& { return input.get(); });
}
}
inline task::Task<bool> existsOne(ReadableStorage auto& storage, auto const& key)
{
auto it = co_await storage.read(storage2::singleView(key));
co_await it.next();
co_return co_await it.hasValue();
}
inline auto readOne(ReadableStorage auto& storage, auto const& key)
-> task::Task<std::optional<std::remove_cvref_t<typename task::AwaitableReturnType<
decltype(storage.read(storage2::singleView(key)))>::Value>>>
{
using ValueType = std::remove_cvref_t<typename task::AwaitableReturnType<decltype(storage.read(
storage2::singleView(key)))>::Value>;
static_assert(std::is_copy_assignable_v<ValueType>);
auto it = co_await storage.read(storage2::singleView(key));
co_await it.next();
std::optional<ValueType> result;
if (co_await it.hasValue())
{
result.emplace(co_await it.value());
}
co_return result;
}
inline task::Task<void> writeOne(WriteableStorage auto& storage, auto const& key, auto&& value)
{
co_await storage.write(
storage2::singleView(key), storage2::singleView(std::forward<decltype(value)>(value)));
co_return;
}
inline task::Task<void> removeOne(ErasableStorage auto& storage, auto const& key)
{
co_await storage.remove(storage2::singleView(key));
co_return;
}
namespace detail
{
template <class FromStorage, class ToStorage>
concept HasMemberMergeMethod =
requires(FromStorage& fromStorage, ToStorage& toStorage) {
requires SeekableStorage<FromStorage>;
requires task::IsAwaitable<decltype(toStorage.merge(fromStorage))>;
};
struct merge
{
template <class ToStorage>
requires WriteableStorage<ToStorage> && ErasableStorage<ToStorage>
task::Task<void> operator()(SeekableStorage auto& fromStorage, ToStorage& toStorage) const
{
if constexpr (HasMemberMergeMethod<std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(fromStorage)>,
std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(toStorage)>>)
{
co_await toStorage.merge(fromStorage);
}
else
{
auto it = co_await fromStorage.seek(storage2::STORAGE_BEGIN);
while (co_await it.next())
{
auto&& key = co_await it.key();
if (co_await it.hasValue())
{
co_await storage2::writeOne(toStorage, key, co_await it.value());
}
else
{
co_await storage2::removeOne(toStorage, key);
}
}
}
}
};
} // namespace detail
constexpr inline detail::merge merge{};
} // namespace bcos::storage2 | 46,781 |
https://github.com/Matej-Chmel/approximate-knn/blob/master/docs/html/search/files_4.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | null | approximate-knn | Matej-Chmel | JavaScript | Code | 7 | 120 | var searchData=
[
['heap_2ehpp_0',['Heap.hpp',['../_heap_8hpp.html',1,'']]],
['heappair_2ecpp_1',['HeapPair.cpp',['../_heap_pair_8cpp.html',1,'']]],
['heappair_2ehpp_2',['HeapPair.hpp',['../_heap_pair_8hpp.html',1,'']]]
];
| 44,144 |
https://github.com/linka-cloud/coredns-split/blob/master/split.go | Github Open Source | Open Source | Apache-2.0 | 2,022 | coredns-split | linka-cloud | Go | Code | 490 | 1,204 | // Package split is a CoreDNS plugin that prints "example" to stdout on every packet received.
//
// It serves as an example CoreDNS plugin with numerous code comments.
package split
import (
"context"
"net"
"github.com/coredns/coredns/plugin"
"github.com/coredns/coredns/plugin/metrics"
clog "github.com/coredns/coredns/plugin/pkg/log"
"github.com/coredns/coredns/request"
"github.com/miekg/dns"
)
// Define log to be a logger with the plugin name in it. This way we can just use log.Info and
// friends to log.
var log = clog.NewWithPlugin("split")
// Split is an example plugin to show how to write a plugin.
type Split struct {
Next plugin.Handler
Rule []rule
}
type rule struct {
zones []string
networks []network
}
type network struct {
record *net.IPNet
allowed []*net.IPNet
}
// ServeDNS implements the plugin.Handler interface. This method gets called when example is used
// in a Server.
func (s Split) ServeDNS(ctx context.Context, w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) (int, error) {
// This function could be simpler. I.e. just fmt.Println("example") here, but we want to show
// a slightly more complex example as to make this more interesting.
// Here we wrap the dns.ResponseWriter in a new ResponseWriter and call the next plugin, when the
// answer comes back, it will print "example".
// Debug log that we've seen the query. This will only be shown when the debug plugin is loaded.
log.Debug("Received response")
// Wrap.
pw := s.NewResponsePrinter(w, r)
// Export metric with the server label set to the current server handling the request.
requestCount.WithLabelValues(metrics.WithServer(ctx)).Inc()
// Call next plugin (if any).
return plugin.NextOrFailure(s.Name(), s.Next, ctx, pw, r)
}
// Name implements the Handler interface.
func (s Split) Name() string { return "split" }
// ResponsePrinter wrap a dns.ResponseWriter and will write example to standard output when WriteMsg is called.
type ResponsePrinter struct {
dns.ResponseWriter
state request.Request
r *dns.Msg
src net.IP
rules []rule
}
// NewResponsePrinter returns ResponseWriter.
func (s Split) NewResponsePrinter(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) *ResponsePrinter {
state := request.Request{W: w, Req: r}
ip := net.ParseIP(state.IP())
return &ResponsePrinter{ResponseWriter: w, r: r, src: ip, rules: s.Rule, state: state}
}
// WriteMsg calls the underlying ResponseWriter's WriteMsg method and prints "example" to standard output.
func (r *ResponsePrinter) WriteMsg(res *dns.Msg) error {
var rule rule
for _, v := range r.rules {
zone := plugin.Zones(v.zones).Matches(r.state.Name())
if zone == "" {
continue
}
rule = v
break
}
var answers []dns.RR
var netAnswers []dns.RR
for _, v := range res.Answer {
rec, ok := v.(*dns.A)
if !ok {
answers = append(answers, v)
continue
}
var net *network
for _, vv := range rule.networks {
if vv.record.Contains(rec.A) {
net = &vv
break
}
}
if net == nil {
answers = append(answers, v)
continue
}
allowed := false
for _, vv := range net.allowed {
if vv.Contains(r.src) {
allowed = true
break
}
}
if allowed {
answers = append(answers, v)
netAnswers = append(netAnswers, v)
continue
}
log.Infof("request source %s: %s: filtering %s", r.src.String(), rec.Hdr.Name, rec.A)
}
if len(netAnswers) != 0 {
res.Answer = netAnswers
} else {
res.Answer = answers
}
return r.ResponseWriter.WriteMsg(res)
}
| 18,180 |
https://github.com/itstheandre/itstheandre-com/blob/master/src/lib/projectTemplateData.js | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,022 | itstheandre-com | itstheandre | JavaScript | Code | 257 | 807 | import React from "react"
import { Tags } from "../styles/Buttons"
import { useEffect } from "react"
import { useWrapper } from "../Context/WrapperContext"
import Img from "gatsby-image"
import BgImg from "gatsby-background-image"
export function useSafe() {
const { safeOptionToggle } = useWrapper()
useEffect(() => {
safeOptionToggle(true)
return () => {
safeOptionToggle(false)
}
}, [safeOptionToggle])
}
function imageData(display, allImages) {
switch (display) {
case "desktop":
return allImages.heroImage
// break
case "tablet":
return allImages.tabletImage || allImages.heroImage
// break
case "mobile":
return allImages.phoneImage || allImages.heroImage
// break
default:
return
}
}
function teamCheck(team) {
const findMe = team.find(el => el.name === "André")
if (team.length === 0 || (findMe && team.length === 1)) {
return false
}
return true
}
export function fillTemplate(node, display) {
// console.log(node.title)
const projectImages = node.projectScreenshots.map(({ asset }) =>
asset.fluid.src.includes("gif") ? (
<img
src={asset.fluid.src}
key={asset.fluid.src}
alt={`${node.title}'s Project Sreenshot`}
/>
) : (
<Img
fluid={asset.fluid}
key={asset.fluid.src}
alt={`${node.title}'s Project Sreenshot`}
/>
)
)
const projectScreenshotsArr = node.projectScreenshots
const client = node.client
const team = node.team
const Parsing = node.text.split("---")
const heroImage = node.heroImage.asset.fluid
const phoneImage = node?.phoneImage?.asset?.fluid
const tabletImage = node?.tabletImage?.asset?.fluid
const imageInfo = imageData(display, { heroImage, phoneImage, tabletImage })
const heroBackground = (
<BgImg
fluid={imageInfo}
Tag="div"
className="fw"
backgroundColor={node.heroBG}
/>
)
const teamValid = teamCheck(team)
// console.log({ teamValid })
const length = projectScreenshotsArr.length > 1 ? 2 : 1
const tags = node.techUsed.map(el => <Tags key={el}>{el}</Tags>)
// const team = node.
const { projectType, title, description, link } = node
console.log("link:", link)
return {
projectType,
title,
description,
link,
length,
heroImage,
tags,
client,
team,
Parsing,
projectScreenshotsArr,
projectImages,
heroBackground,
teamValid,
}
}
| 5,762 |
sn90052143_1911-11-22_1_6_1 | US-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,911 | None | None | English | Spoken | 2,523 | 3,795 | 6 SOCIETY. "SOMETIME.” Sometime we will go we say. Where the old true frienndg await, Hopeful that gome happy day They will meet ug at the gate; Future whispers soft and low: "Sometime —sometime we shall go!” Sometime we will speak, we say, Little words we left unsaid, That many brighten some one’s way— Someone's way that’s dark Instead, Some kind word to help the weak, Sometime —sometime we shall speak, g? Sometime we shall wake and know Opportunity has fled, Gone the friends of long ago— Needless are the words unsaid, For, as Time computes his sum, Sometimes sometimes never comes. —The Delineator. .t. BOOK SHOWER AT LIBRARY THURSDAY. The book shower which was to have been given at the library for tne benefit of that worthy institution, on Friday night, will he held on Thurs day night. This change waß made necessary by the fact that a politic meeting will be held at the city hall on Friday night, therefore it was de cided to give the shower tomorrow night, t promises to be a very suc cessful affair. 4* AN OYSTER SUPPER THURSDAY NIGHT. The Altar Society of the Catholic church will give an oyster supper at the residence ot Mrs. J. M. Jones to morrow night. Oysters, crackers, coffee, etc., will be served by the ladies. An admission of 25, entitling one to a good oyster supper, will be charged. The people of the city gen erally are Invited. + Miss Bessie Anderson Is the guest of relatives in Savannah. 4* Mrs. R. E. Dart continues ill, to the regret of her many frieno*. Mrs. J. C. Lehman leaves this week to visit relatives in Savannah. 4* Mr, and Mrs. L. Harper of Oardi, are the guests of Mr. and Mrs. George Harper. 4- Miss Hazel Nightingale leaves to day for New York to spend several months. 4* Mrs. J, .1. Wimberly will be the guest of relatives in Savannah during the races. 4* Mi; s Pauline Scarlett has returned to Fancy Bluff arter a visit to Mrs. F. A. Dunn. Miss Florrle Putman, who has been visiting friends here, will return to her home in Jacksonville Saturday. 4* Miss Mary Houston of Wilmington, who has been the guest of Mr. and Mrs. R. S. Pyles, is now spending some time at Fancy Bluff before re turning home. * A meeting of the W. C. T. U. to morrow afternoon at 3.30 at the Methodist church will be held, at which Mrs. M. C. Rowe will ed the story- of presentation of the comfort hags to the battleship Georgia In Ne>v York Octoo-ii- 5 The ladies of the <sty are :n*st covdially invited i) he p.eser.t to >--vr also many let ters from the grateful sailor crew. DON’T WAIT SO LONG. - * One of the ost surprising things fn t'le world to druggists is that so many people endure unecessary suf fering and trouble. Every day they hear people say. ‘‘l have been feeling so weak and mis erable for the last few months that I finally docidede to come and ask you what to do for it.” Eor instance. Miss Zulah fcgcar den, of Conneilsville, Pa., s>.ys in a left"-: ‘‘For years T had been in bad health owing to run-down system :- general weakness. I had no appetite was tired out and had no ethength. ‘‘Fearing so much about Vinol I de rided to try It, and l find it the great est of all remedies. Tt has built up my strength, restored my appetite and made me as well as ever. 1 might jus* as well have had this benefit years ago if I had taken Vinol then.” Now If you are weak and in poor ■ ; r another day. hut le* Vinol. our delicious cod liver and ir ’ remedy without oil. make you si'mng. We guarantee it —you g< ye :r money back if not satisfied. Rob. arts' Pharmacy. *• T am pleased to recommend Cham berlains Cough Remedy as the best thing I know of and safest remedy for coughs, colds and bronchial trouble,” writes Mrs. L. B. Arnold of Denver, Colo. ‘‘We have used It repeatedly and It hns never failed to give relief, for sale by all dealers. THE BRUNSWICK DAILY NEWS WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1911. One Million Dollars For a Good Stomach This Offer Should Bea Warning to Every Man and Woman. The newspapers and medical jour nals reoently have had much to say relative to a famous millionaire’s offer of a million dollars for anew stom ach. This great multi-millionaire was too busy to worry about the condition of his stomach. He allowed his dyspepsia to run from bad to worse until in the end it became incurable. His misfortune serves as a warn ing to others. Every one who suffers with dys jiepsia for a few years will give every thing he owns for anew stomacn. Dyspepsia is commonly caused by an abnormal state of the gastric juices, or by lack of tone in the wai,s of the stomach. Ths result Is that the stomach loses its power to digest food. We are now able to supply certain missing elements—to help to restore to the gastric juices their digestive power, and to aid in making the stom ach strong and well. We know that Rexall Dyspepsia Tablets are a most dependable rem edy for disordered stomachs, indiges tion, and dyspepsia. We want you to try them and will return your money if you are not more than satisfied with the result. Three sizes, 25 cents, 50 cents and SI.OO, Remember, you can obtain Rexall Remedies in this community only at our store—-The Rexall Store —Andrews. Havana, Cuba, Oct. 5, 1911. Smith Manufacturing Cos.: Gentlemen: I promised a member of your firm last March while in Jack sonville that I would drop you a line, saying whether Pep-a-mo had bene fited me or -not. After I was fully satlsfled i in regards to its merits 1 can safely say that I feel perfectly well after taking your bottles. I had been for twenty years a chronic suf ferer from stomach troubles, indiges tion, etc. I often vomited up ray food, was very thin and nervous, sleep broken, restless all the time. Now 1 sleep well, eat anything I care for, no bad results, inclined to be laisy, weigh 185 pounds, 51 more than I ilid last March. You are at liberty to use this as you choose. Very sincerely. MALCOLM L. DRYSDALE. New Orleans, La. Own your own home In Brunswick. Consult ALBERT FENDIG and CO-’ bargain list. RTTY SHOES from EVELYN MER CANTILE CO. and save money. Pliou 189. o—■ Be sure you get. HERMANN'S VEG ETABLE LITER TONIC. It takes the place of calomel. Every bottle guar anteed. ROBERTS PHARMACY. o Tile place to buy your BREAD, CAKES, PIES and ROLLS, and every thing made in a strictly first-class bakery. ’Phone 374. FABER’S TWO STEAM BAKERIES, 1330 and 1614 Newcastle street. Very Serious ■ It is a very serious matte, to ask I ■ for one medicine and have the ■ I wrong one given you. For this ■ I reason we urge you in buying to ■ ■ be careful to get the genuine— I BLack-BgHT Liver Medicine I The reputation of this old, relia- I ble medicine, for constipation, in- I digestion and liver trouble, is firm- I ly established. It does not imitate I other medicines. It is better than I others, or it would not be the fa- I vorite liver powder, with a larger I sale than all others combined. SOLD IN TOWN F2 I HAVE YOU TRIED PAXTINE The Great Toilet Germicide? You don’t have to pay EOc or 51.00 i. pint for listerian antiseptics or per oxide. You can make 16 pinir of a moc cleansing, germicidal, healing and* deodor ising antiseptic solution with ond box of Puxtine, —a soluble antiseptic powder, obtainable at any drug store. Paxtine destroys germs that cause disease, decay and odors,—that is why i\ Is the best mouth wash and gargle, uru; why it purifies the breath, cleanses an. preserves the teeth better than ordinary dentifrices, and in sponge bathing it com pletely eradicates perspiration and other disagreeable body odors. Every dain;> woman appreciates this and its many other toilet and hygienic uses. Faxtine is splendid for sore throat infiamed eyes and to purify mouth an breath after smoking. You can get Pax tine Toilet Antiseptic at any drug store, price 25c and 50c, or by mail post pal f-om The Paxton Toilet Co’.. Host or, Mass., who will send you a free sanvj p if you would like to try it before Classy Confections In Holiday Attire FOR THE DISCRIMINATING BUYER AND GIVER OF CAND IES WE OFFER FOR YOUR SELECTION IN THE WAY OF HOLIDAY PACKAGES SOME OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL CREATIONS IN THIS LINE EV ER MANUFACTURED. IMPOR TED BASKET PACKAGES HIGH GRADE ART PICTURE BOXES, AND DOZENS OF THE MOST EZQUISITE DESIGNS OF CAN DY COTAINERS IMAGINABLE. IN FACT, ENOUGH VARIETY IN OUR DESIGNS TO MAKE YOUR GIFT BEAR THE LABEL OF ORIGINALITY. COME IN AND LOOK OVER OUR CATA LOGUE, MAKE YOUR SELEC TIONS NOW OF PACKAGES TO BE PACKED FRESH FOR HOL DAY DELIVERY. SHOP NOW—SHOP EARLY— GET FIRST CHOICE OF XMAS GOODS. Collier D rug Cos. INHERE QUALITY COUNTS OPPOSITE OGLETHORPE HOTEL ’PHONES 118 and 800. Grand Opera House Friday Night Nov 24 c Tke Comedy Hit of c lh& Century "Ihe Chorus Ladv" BY JAMES FORBES Author of “The Traveling Salesman, and “The Commuters’’ ONE YEAR AT HACKETT THE ATRE, NEW YORK METROPOLITAN CAST HEADED BY Miss Elizabeth Die ne PR’CES 25c—50c—$1.00 —$1.50 Seats on sale Tlmr. AT BOX OFFICE ITCH! ITCHMTCH! Scratch and ruh—rub and scratch— until you fed as if you could almost tear the burning .skin from your body —until it seems as if you could no longer endure these endless days of awful torture—those terrible nights of sleepless agony. Then—a few drops of D. D. D.. the famous Eczema Specific and, Oh! what relief! The itch gone instantly! Com fort and rest at last! D. D. D. is a simple external wash that cleanses and heals the Inflamed skin as nothing else can. A recognized specific for Eczema, Psoriasis, Salt F.heum or anv other skin trouble. We cun give you a full size Untie of the genuine I>. P. D. remedy for SI.OO and if the very first bottle fails to give relief it will not cost you a cent. We also can give you a sample bot tle for 25 cents. Why suffer another day when you can get D. D. D. ? Fearrington Drug Company A MAIL CARRIERS' LOAD. Seems heavier when he has a weak back and kidney trouble, Fred Due hrea, Mall Carrier, at Atchison, Kan., says: “I h„ve been bothered with kidney and bladder trouble and had a severe pain across my back. When ever I carried a heavy load of my mail, my kidney trouble increased. Sometime ago I started taking Foley Kidney Pills and since taking them I have gotten entirely rid of all my kidney trouble and am now as Bound as ever. Roberts Pharmacy. Fancy New NUTS JORDAN ALMONDS (shelled) RED CHERRIES (crystal ized) CRANBERRIES FINE CELERY Thomas Lloyd PHONE 6 46 iluuraeJ M VEST / This is tne sensible y 1 underwear people are A / talking about. So pretty f I and dainty you will I 1 simply fall in love with / % it as soon as you see ME yourself in it. - An No buttons to sew on because hgj# there are no but- ’EM ET tons to come off. W No spread buttonholes, l fNo torn, wrinkled facings, j ' Just the simplest, neatest; garment you can imagine, j A perfect aristocrat in its l shaping, knitting and finish. Nobutton appeals instantly to the woman of fashion. It fits like a second skin. At the front of the neck is a tongue under two loose sides which are drawn to gether by a neat mercerized silk tie after the garment is put on. Nobutton sells at 50 cents a garment in the best quality. A less* expensive grade*sells at 25 cents. Phoenix Grocery Company A Father's Vengance. would have fallen on anyone who at tacked the son of Peter Uondy, of South Roekwood, Mich., but he was powerless before attacks of Kidney trouble. “Doctors ccuid not help him he wrote" so at last we gave him Electric Bitters and he improved won derfully from taking.six bottles. Its the best Kidney medicine I ever saw.’’ Backache, Tired feeling, Nervousness Loss of Appetite, warn of kidney trou ble that may end in dropsy dibetes or Bright’s disease. Beware: Take Electric Bitters and be safe. Every bottle guaranteed . 50c at Rose' drug store. COUGHING AT NIGHT. Means loss of sleep which is had fer anyone. Foley’s Honey and Tar Com pound stops the cough at once, re lieves the tickling and dryness in th throat and heals the inflamed mem braass. Prevents a cold from de veloping into bronchitis of pneumon ia. Keep always in the house. Re fuse sustitutes. Roberts Pharmacy. Balked at Cold Steel. “I wouldn't let a doctor cut my foot off,” said H. D. Ely, Bantam, Ohio, “although a horrible ulcer had been the plague of my life for four years. Instead I used Bucklen’s Ar nica Salve and my foot was soon com pletely cured.” Heals Burns, Boils Sores, Bruises, Eczema, Pimples, Corns. Surest Pile cure 25c at Ros se's drug store. o Chamberlains' Stomach and Liver Tablets do not sicken or gripe, and may be taken with perfect safety by the most delicate woman or child. The old and feeble will also find them a suitable remedy for aiding and strengthening their weakened di gestion and for regulating the bowels For sale by all dealers. f HOMB-MADE BREAD always on hand. FABER’S, ‘Phone 374. NOT EVERY GIFT GIVES PLEASURE TO THE RECIPIENT. “HE’’ OR “CHE” MAY SAY IT DOES BUT THERE ARE MANY CONSIDERATIONS THAT HAVE TO BE LOOKED TO IN MAK ING A GIFT. OUR EXPERIENCE IN THESE MATTERS WILL HELP YOU. COME IN AND LET US TALK IT OVER. GILLICAN & CO. JEWELERS and SILVERSMITHS SHOP IN S AVANNAH. ENSEL 8 VINSON COMPANY (THE GARMENT STORE) REFUNDS YOUR RAILROAD FARE WRITE US FOR PARTICULARS—SEE US WHEN IN SAVANNAH KAPLAN’S SHOE FACTORY FULL LINE MCDONALD <&. KEI EY’S $4.00 & $5.00 MENS SHOES AND BEASLY’S $3.00 & $4.00 LADIES SHOES. jj I , SHOES YOU PAY $4 00 & $5.00 frOR ELSEWHERE OUR PRICE THREE FIFTY J OUR REPAIR DEPARTMRNT Ladies and Men shoes half-soled and heeled. Rubber heels 50c. We make a specialty of proper repairing of childrens shoes. j Work called for and delivered... First class work guaranteed. Phone 444 J 1410 Newcastle SE Buy one can of Blanke's m. work's famous Coffee and be convinced. BEST ON EARTH 03 \ ANYWHERE ELSE I* Everything new. Will ap- predate your trade. Walker Grocery Company 509 Gloucester St. [Phone 219. | 12,190 |
bub_gb_rtVxBYR-gNMC_6 | French-PD-diverse | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,766 | Memoires historiques sur les affaires des Jesuites avec le Saint Siege, ou l'on verra que le roi de Portugal, en proscrivant de toutes les terres de la domination ces religieux revoltes, & le Roi de France voulant qu'a l'avenir leur Societe n'ait plus lieu dans ses etats, n'ont fait qu'executer le projet deja forme par plusieurs | None | French | Spoken | 7,586 | 12,897 | » fait entendre qu’ils Ibuhaitoient une elpece de là s» tisfaélion ; ni l’un ni l’autre ne font point de mon » goût. — Mon lentiment leroit d’éluder par d’hon » -nêtes réponfes leurs demandes. Vous avez allez d’efi 3» prit pour cela ; car à coup lur, fi vous conlèntiez » à ces deux choies , ce font des gens qui ne par-; P donnent jamais , ils fe ferviront de votre Orailbn P funebre & de votre rétràélation pour vous décrui * ■Digitized by Gooÿçlc SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES , L17. 1. 1 1 7 » re , s’ils le peuvent. Si vous avez dît la vérité, ‘ » pourquoi vous retraéler ? Parmi eux , qui in uno » peccat ffadus eji omnium tous : Quiconque en of » ienlê un leul , c’eft comme s’il les attaquoit tous. « Et en effet, l’expérience apprend par des milliers •d'exemples , que tel eft l’efprit de la Société. Cet cfprit ne paroît que trop dans la conduite qu’elle tient avec le P. Norbert. Les Jéfuites de Paris l’accufenc de deux inCgnes fauflêtés à la Cour de France , dans le deflêin de venger les injures prétendues qu’il a faites aux Jéfuites des Indes ; l'une, d'avoir prononcé ■un Eloge funebre qui les a déshonorés ; l’autre , de •s’être emparé de la Supériorité du nouvel Etabliffe ' ment des Relîgieufes à leur préjudice. Que l’Oraifort funebre ait fait déshonneur aux Miffionnaires de la Société , il faut en convenir; mais qu’elle ait fcanda lifé , rien de plus faux. Que le P. Norbert (bit Su périeur des Religieufès au préjudice & à la douleur des Jéfuites , on n’a pas de peine à en convenir ; mais qu’il fe foit fait nommer à cette charge , la calomnie eft évidente. Le P. Norbert inftruit de la malice de les enne XLyi. mis , comprend qu’il ne peut trop fè munir contre leurs machinations. Dans cette vue il demande à la auejhpar Religieufe , avant fbn retour en Europe , de lui don *rif que ner une déclaration par écrit, félon faconfcience, de ce qui s’étoit palTé entr'elie & fès Sœurs au fujetde la Jlu S’upé nêmination-à la Supériorité fur ce nouvel Etablifte fu ment. Elle fit les deux fuivantes , quelle envoya au P. Norbert. Digitized by Google — ^ ii8 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES Je protejîe , confeffe & certijîe , que la lettre que j* ai ^73P* cî-devanttranjcritedema main y & fignée pour MA E yêque de Saint-Thomé y a été de ma franche 6* libre vo lonté, pour demander , jointe à mes deux Compagnes ,le R. P. Norbert pour notre Supérieur & Confeffeur, lui connoijfant en confcience les talens , le mérite 6* la ver tu pour exercer ce Minijlere & occuper cette place, Signéy—S'.Marie-Thereje de SaintJoachim de la Gui~ tonnais. Aux Urfulines de Pondichéry, ce 8 Janv. 1739» Un mois après cette date, avant de s’embarquer elle renouvella la même proteflation dans des termes encore plus forts. Je protejle , confejje & eertifie, que la Lettre que je rranferivis ces rems pajfés pour M. VEvéque de Saint Thomé y je lai fignèe , comme mes Compagnes , de ma franche Ù libre volonté. Je jure en confcience 6»* en vé rité que le R. P. Norbert ne nous y a nullement en gagées y connoijfant par expérience fon bon cœur , vu les fervices ejfentiels qu'il nous rendoit, joints à fes talens, mérites convenables à gouverner notre Maijbn, fa douceur 6* vertu. C ejl une jujîice que je lui rendrai par toute la terre.— Signé, S Marie-Thereje de Saint Joachim de la Guitonnais , R. Vrf. Aux Urfulines de Pondichéry , ce 8 Févr. 1739. On ajoutera à des témoignages fi clairs Ôc fi formelle ment contraires aux aceufations portées àla Cour con tre le P. Norbert, quelques extraits de Lettres de la^ même Religieufe,qui neferviront pas peu à juftifie*fa *LaLtt conduite dans cette aSzlreiMonT.R. P. voila le mé ut eji du moire, lui écrit-elle, *jujle & équitable que je vous en Oc|i!izcxJ ty SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv. I. 1 19 yoîe des hardes que Von ma. données de la Fondation, Je fuis charmée en cela ^ comme en toutes autres cho ^739* Jes qui dépendent de moi , de vous prouver mon refpeêl , obé'ijpince , ejlime & reconnoijfance de toutes les bon 1738. tés quevous ave^ eues pour moi. Je puis vous ajjurer que jamais ma mémoire, & encore moins mon cœur, n’en perdra le fouvenir. Le Seigneur ejl Jcrutateur de nos délions i il le fera toujours : cejè ce qui me confole dans les mauvaifes idées que les créatures ont contre moi. J’efpere avecfafainte grâce de ne jamais donner prife fur la conduite que je tiendrai dans le Vaiffeau ; & vous aure'^ , Al. T. R. P. la confolation do l’apprendre, Sf de ne jamais vous repentir de Vavoir toléré , par la compajjion dont votre cœur ejl capable.—Je vous fupplie de me continuer votre charité ; je vous en conjure, les larmes aux yeux , &c. Le 21 Janvier 1739 elle lui donne une relation de ce qui s’eft palTé au fujet d’une intimation que le Procureur du Roi fie aux Religieulès de la part du Confeil.— // ny a plus moyen de vivre avec notre Su périeure , — depuis qu’elle ejt mécontente de notre digne éi refpeélable Gouverneur. Par ces raiforts elle foutient • que le Confeil ne peut les renvoyer fans avoir de répri mandes de France , vu que M. l’Evêque ne foutient rien que de jufle & de raifbnnable. Le jour que M. le Procureur du Roi vint , elle me prit â partie fur ce que favois applaudi à la façon dont il avoit parlé. Elle mi dit qu’il ne cherchoit qu’âlui tirer, de la part du Gou verneur & fon Confeil, le confentemeru fur leur renvoi. Digitized by Google lao MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES — mais qu'elle ne le donneroit pas , afin de w^ettre le Cort^ ^739’ fcil dans fon tort. Je lui répartis qu'ils étaient les maU très de la chofe , 65* non l’Evêque ; puifque les Mef^ fleurs de Paris par le Contrat envoyé ici, leur en laif-" foient entièrement la décifion , comme à une Cour fou-^ ver aine. Ne fçachant que m’ alléguer , elk me dit que ja me livrais au Bras Jéculier , ô’c. . Le P. Norbert reçut une autre Lettre de la mêma Religieufe, datée du 13 Février 1739., lê jour ou la veille de fon embarquement. Ne vous fie-^ pas à ces Dames, je vous en fupplieje fuis obligée de ‘vous k dire en amie. La Supérieure écrit à tout le genre humain^ elles ne peuvent comprendre les raifons qui vous les ont fait abandonner : ce font des dialogues fiabfurdes, aux^ quels je ne réponds que quelques mots qui leur font fen^ tir que fi on efi leur dupe , on s'en apperçoiu Adieu mon cher Pere, le Seigneur méfait mille fois plus de' grâces que je ne mérite pour la traverjée, &c. XLVIL D'un autre côté, la Supérieure écrivoit fréquem-* La Su^ ment au P. Norbert, Paflurant de là reconnoiflanco Rd?Uu charitables foins pour fa Communauté. jCundie Elle a fait l’éloge de fon zèle dans toutes les Let même té qu elle a adreffées à MelTeigneurs les Evêques moignage. ^ Je Saint^Thomé , & à plufieurs autres perfonnes en place, qui ont été rapportées ci-delTus. Nous ne finirions pas , fi nous voulions n’en orner tre aucune. La fuivante fera la derniere dont nous donnerons l’extrait; elle eft adrelTée au P. Norbert," du 16 Noyenfore 1739* M. T. R. P* Je n’ai pu vous répondre' Digiteod by SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv. I. 1 1 1 répondre fur le champ pour vous faire nos remercimens , & vous témoigner la jujle reconnoijfance que nous avons de vos foins & attentions à nous obliger , à prendre nos intérêts en tout ^ je vous prie trh-injlam ment que les difcours 6s’ mauvaifes façons du Public nt ralentijfent pas votre charité à notre égard. Nous avons, mes Compagnes moi , une affaire à vous communi quer de la derniere importance , 6* pour laquelle je vous prie , M. T. R. P. de nous faire l’honneur de ve nir aujourd’hui , à raifon de la vif te que nous devons avoir demain , dre. Signé , De Marque^ , R. Urf Supér. , , La défunion qui régnoic entre ces Dames , & qui n’éclatoic que trop au-dehors , ne pouvoit manquée de mal édifier le Public , & l’engager à tenir des dif* cours peu avantageux; ce qui caufoic beaucoup de chagrin au P. Norbert, qui voyoit d’ailleurs l’Ordi naire & les Jéfuites s’unir enfèmble pour traverler les bons deficins.Comme ce Milfionnaîre ne fetrouve julqu’à prélem calomnié que par ces Peres & le Pré lat leur confrère , il fe contente de faire Ibn apologie fur la conduite qu’il a tenue ?leur égard , làns s’ex pliquer davantage au fujet des Relrgieufes. Encore s’en lèroit-il abflemj, fi ces Peres leïuflent bornés à le noircir à h Cour par des Lettret fecretes; mais dès qu’ils l’ont fait par des Ecrits publics, pouvoitil le difpenfer de mettre en évidence leurs calomnies î Elles paroijent dans toutes les aceufations qu’ils por tent contpe lui : il en eft convaincu ; voilà le fujet ^ome IV, Q 1739 Digitized by Google I2I MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES T— ^ de Ùl confolation ; & rien ne lui eft plus facile que ^739 d’en convaincre le Public dans les Indes & en Euro pe, c’eft ce qui afflige le plus fes Accufaceurs. Qu’ils écoutent la Lettre Suivante à M. XLVIIL » La queftion , M, d’envoyer des Religieufès en Norhat * Colonie, a été fort agitée, conféquemment à repréfente r> ce que la Compagnie en parle dans fes Inftrudlions à la Corn^ à M. Dumas. Après avoir mûrement pefé les in ^tffnvlyer * convéniens qui pourroient naître de cet Etabiiflè des Filles n ment , je les ai fait connoître à M. notre Gouver "r^/f*** * ^ ^ plufieurs MM. du Confeil. J’ai été char » gé par eux d’en faire un petit mémoire pour ré » pondre à cet article en France. Je prends la liberté » de vous en pré venir, & je ne doute pas que vous ne * penfiez qu’effeélivement , toutes circonftances bien » examinées, il y auroft de cet EtablilTement un dan » ger plus grand que d’avantages à efpérer. J’en al » lègue plufieurs raifons , dont je vous rapporte ici >» les principales. « i®. Le pàlïâge d’Europe aux In des eft très-pénible & très-embarrafiant pour des Re ligieufès. 2^. Il y a une impoffibilité morale de ré duire dans ce Pays desFilles à la vie du Cloître. Vous n’ignorez pas qu’en ces Régions elles n’ont pas beau Digitized by^Gui^^' SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv.I. 12 j coup de goût pour cet état; fi pourtant il falloittou ==5 jours faire venir des Religieulès de France pour rem ^739* placer celles quî mourront, ce leroit une grande difficulté. Vous Içavez qu on a afifez de peine de faire venir de bons Miffionnaires. 3°. Dans un Pays aufii chaud , tenir des Filles toujours renfermées, eft une peine que nos Eurd|)éennes ne fiipporteront pas aifément ; les lailTér courir au-dehors , le danger ne lèroit pas petit. 4^. Un Cloître de Filles dans une Ville expofée aux guerres, ne peut caufer que des embarras. 5°. Une Fille obligée par vœux à la Clô ture, fi elle vient à donner du fcandale, quel cha grin dans un Pays de Gentils, où il ne feroit pas fa cile de l’empêcher? 6°. Il faudra un Prêtre pour gou verner cinq ou fix Filles qui feront ici dans un Cloî tre, où le choifira-t-on ? Ce fera un fujet de difpute : il faut des talens particuliers pour conduire des Reli gieulès ; tous les Miffionnaires ne les ont pas. Tous vous auront une obligation infinie d’avoir con tribué à un fomblable Etablifiement. Vous l’aviez très à cœur pendant que vous gouverniez en ce Pays. — Nous attendrons vos avis fiir cet article. Dans la même Lettre le P. Norbert touche celui de fon Oraifon fünebre en ces termes : ' Je, vous envoie l’Oraifon funebre que j’ai pronon cée trente jours après la mort de M. de Vildelou; , vous fçavez l’hiftoire de fa vie ; vous verrez qu’il ne m’étoit guères poflîble de ménager davantage les RR. PP. Jéfuites que je l’ai fait. Vous trouverez à la . fin de la Pièce le récit de leur procédé , &c. Le R. P. Thomas me marque qu’il vous prévient for ce fait. "Nous prenons toutes les précautions que la pru dence peut inlpirer ; mais on a beau les prendre lorf qu’on a à traiter avec les Peresde la Société.— Quoi . . Digitized SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES , Liv. I. 1 2 ; que lailTant l’affaire à votre zèle & à votre difcrétion, je n’aurois rien à appréhender, il convient néan moins que vous connoiffiez les fentimens de M. de Lolliere & de nos Peres. Nous fommes tous d’opi nion que vous pourriez fans danger faire imprimer rOraifon funèbre.— Vous garderez les Lettres adref fées au Pape. J’envoie le tout à Sa Sainteté par le moyen de M. de Montigni.— Les RR. PP. Jéfuites ne manqueront pas d’écrire en France, & en particu lier à M M. les Syndics & Direéleurs de la Compagnie des Indes. Je ne crois pas qu’ils puifïent obtenir à pré fent des Lettres de Cachet. Il n’eft pas nécelfaire de vous fournir des moyens pour me juftifier ; vous avez les pièces, & perfonne n’eft plus propre que vous pour les faire valoir. S’ils agitent cette affaire, elle ne peut tourner qu’à leur coniufion. J’ai un grand nombre d’E crits que je pourrois réduire en un ou plufieurs to mes : en les publiant on confondroit toute la Société. — M. Dumas m’a fait l’honneur de me préfenter au R. P. Thomas pour la Cure de Pondichéry , nous n’avons pas encore de réponfè. Nous ignorons s’il a quelqu’autre vue : quoi qu’il en foit , je ne doute au cunement que les Peres de la Société s’y oppofe ront autant qu’il leur fera poflîble. Il eft pour tant certain que j'agirai toujours à leur égard avec toute la modération poflible , & jamais je ne ferai paroître ni dans mes difcours ni dans mes Ecrits au cun trait de paffion. D’un côté on confond mieux lès ennemis , de l’autre on édifie davantage le Pr<> '126 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES — chain. Tout mon deflèin , Dieu le connoîc , c’eft de *73 P* faire triompher la vérité fur le menfonge, & de ren dre juftice à l’innocence , & d’engager , s’il eft pofll ble , les coupables à fè reconnoître. Je vous recom mande enfin la Requête que nous envoyons à la Com pagnie pour lui demander des fecours pour nous ai der à bâtir notre Eglilè , &c. ^ Bêfonfes PaAons d’abord à la Réponfe que M. le Noir fît duDirec-A cette Lettre : elle eft de l’Orient en Bretagne le 6 NorTen' ^7^^* reçu, M. R. P. les Lettres que &■ au P. vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire les 14 Sept^ Thomas. U Oâ. , 22 & 26 JoTlV. I738, aVCC Ics pa • piers qui y étoient joints. Les oblervations que vous avez faites fur les difficultés de l’Etabliflement des Relîgieufes cloîtrées pour l’inftruélion de la Jeunefle, font venues .trop tard à la Compagnie pour qu’elle puilfe prendre le parti que vous propofèz d’envoyer des Filles non cloîtrées : elle a fait partir des Re ligi^ufes par les derniers Vaifleaux ; j’efpere quelles feront bien arrivées, & qu’avec vos foins &.ceux des RR. PP. de votre Co.mmunauté,, leur Etablilîemenc aura un heureux fuccès. — J’ai pris beaucoup de part à l’affliélion que vous a caufée la mort de M. de. Vifdelou , celle du R. P. Efprit , & des autres Reli gieux que vous avez perdus. Je connois parfaite ment la néceffité de vous en envoyer d’autres pour réparer ces pertes, St pour remplacer ceux que le grand âge & les infirmités, mettent hors d’état de continuer leurs travaux: : .ibae foioit pas convenu DigitizecLby CJoQgle SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv. I. 127 ble après qu’ils ont palTé leur jeuneffe , & ufé leur • fance au fervice des Colonies, de les expofer à reve *73P nir en France. ~ Je ne fçai quel parti la Cornpa gnie prendra lur la Requête que votre Communauté a prélentée, dont vous m’avez envoyé copie, &c. J ai porté à M. de Montigni le petit Volume de l’O raifon funebre , &c. Trois mois après cette date , M. le Noir adrelTa de Pans une Lettre au P. Thomas, à Madraft : celui ci l’ayant reçue l’envoya au P. Norbert en original elle contient l’article fuivant. J’ai eu l’honneur de vous écrire de l’Orient, où j’étois le. 6 Novembre der^ nier. Je fis réponfe en même tems au R. P. Nor bert au fujet de l’Orailbn funebre qu’il a pronon cée. Les Jéfuites en font extrêmement irrités. Ils en ont écrit à la Compagnie, & leurs Peres en ont parlé à une Puiflance. Je les ai entendus , ils n’ont j5as été écoutés favorablement. Ils pourroient fuivant leur louable coutume faire agir par des foutcrreins, en exagérant , afin de rendre vos Peres criminels. La Compagnie répond à leur Lettre d’une façon hon nête, mais qui les fatisfera peu , &c. ^ C’eft ici l’endroit où il convient de toucher l’ar ticle des Lettres du P. Thomas dont les Jéfuites fe font un fujet de triomphe dans leurs Libelles.IlsontJX; cru par-la que leur viéloire fur le P. Norbert feroic complette. Sa réputation, difoient-ils, une fois per Norln' due , les Ouvrages ne flétriront plus la nôtre Tel fift leur but dans les calomnies qu’ils impofent à tous ZL j" O Digitized by Google ji8 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES ' üTL'-jsïi ceux qui les attaquent. D’un fi grand nombre d’hom ^739* mes illuftres en (cience & en vertu qui ont tenté de *toùttses redfefler les Jéfuites, pourroit-on en citer un lèul que calomnies calomnie ait épargné ? Pourquoi le P. Norbert juitesde' Icroit-il exempt de cette régie, (que M. le Noir ap bitent pelle une louable coutume cnez ces Peres) lui qui a contre lut dénoncer à toute l’Eglife leurs idolâtries Sc leurs p" fuperftitions ? Ce Mifiionnaire penfa bien qu’il ne feroit pas plus privilégié que tant d’autres : il s’at tendoit même qu’il feroit moins épargné qu’aucun de les Prédécefieurs , parce qu’il les dénonçoit plus hau tement que perfonne. Cette réflexion, non plus que les Lettres dont fe fervent les Jéfuites contre lui, ne l’em pêcheront jamais de remplir un devoir que la conf cience lui împofe. Il a condamné un fcandale pu blic aux Indes & à Rome , il le condamnera par tout jufqu’au dernier moment de là vie. Que ces Lettres (oient fuppofées ou exillantes , peu lui im porte dès qu’il eft en état de détruire les conféquen ces qu’en tirent les Jéfuites. H l’a fait à Rome fans difficulté, & il ne lui fera pas fort embarraflànt d’y réuflir ici. Le Pape & les Cardinaux jettant les yeux fur les Extraits des Lettres du P. Thomas, rappor tés dans les Libelles des Jéfuites , ne pouvoient erv • croire à des Impiimés fans appmbatioji , fans date , làns nom d’Auteur. Ces Peres s’en apperçurent bien tôt : ils s’adreflerent au Nonce de Paris pour 'le prier de certifier à Rome l’exiftance des Lettres; mais éclai sé qu’on elt à coute Cour fur ce qui lè paife parmi les SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv. I. 115» les Réguliers , on le douta qu’il y avoic-là quelque myftere. L’ufage en pareil cas eft de recourir aux informations du Procureur Général de l’Ordre. Nous foujfignés tertijîons â tous â qui befoin fera ^ que le R. F.Norberty Capucin MiffionnaireApojloliquef Supérieur nommé du nouvel Etablijjement des Reli-‘ gieufes Urfulines de Pondichéry dans les Indes Orien tales, ne retour TU en Europe que pour des raiforts qui ont été jugées jujles & légitimes : en outre nous décla rons que ledit R. P, a toujours donné en cette Ville des marques éturu digne conduite & du £un vrai M^onnaire Apojiolique. Donné en notre Hofpice de Pondichéry, ce id Février 1739. ( Signés) "Dominique Capucin , Mijfionnaire Apojiolique , Supé rieur .* F. Louis , Capucin, Mijfionnaire Apojiolique. F. J, Chryfojiôme de Cajlel SarraT^in , Mifionnairer .Qigüizcd lay SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv. T. Apojlolique : F. Maximin de Thionyille , Mijjionnaire " " i Apojlolique : F. Hippolyre de Villard , Prédicateur Ca~ ^739* pucin & Mifjionnaire Apojlolique : F. Olivier Ger baud, Tierceire: F. P terre Gerbaud ^ Tierceire. » Nous Pierre Benoît Dumas , Fcuyer , Chevalier » de l’Ordre de Saint-Michel ^ Gouverneur pour Sa, » Majeflé Tris-Chrétienne des Fille 6* Fort de Pondi » cheiy , Commandant Général de tous les Erahüjfe~, »mens François dans les Indes Orientales y Préjident> > des Confeils Supérieurs y établis certifions 6* attef » tons que foi doit être ajoutée aux (ignatures qui foilU » au bas du Cert'ficat ci-dejfus. En foi de quoi j'ai figné » la pré fente Légalifation , &fait contrefigner par notre * Sécrétaire , & à icelle appofé le Cachet de nos Armes; » Fait au Fort-Louis , à Pondichéry y le i6 Février J» 1739. » ( Signés) Dumas. Par mondit Sieur, B I A M O N D. Lettre du Supérieur des Capucins de Pondichéry ad R. P. Provincial dei Capucins de Touraine y â qui il fait l’éloge du P. Norbert. Mon Révérend Pere , vous ferez peut-être furpris du voyage que le R. P. Norbert entreprend pouc l'Europe, mais j'elpere que vous cellèrez de l’êtref quand vous aurez appris de lui-même les puUIàns motifs qui l’ont engagé à former’ cette réfolotion. Ceft un très-bon Millionnaire, & dont le zèle n'eft pas commun; il nous en a donné des preuves ad*^ mirables pendant le tems que nous avons eu le. bon# Rij' Digitized by Google 132 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES ■ heur de le polTéder. Nous ne nous Ibmmes détermî ^73P* ^ cette affligeante féparatioir qu’avec un grand regret : mais ce qui nous confole , c’eft l'efpérance que rrous avons de le revoir avant long-tems. Je me perfuade que votre Révérence louera Ion pieux delr. ^ fein, & quelle fera bien-ailè de s’entretenir avec ce R. P. fur bien des particularités qu'ri n’eft pas poffl ble d’exprimer lur le papier. J’ai déjà eu l’honneur d’écrire à votre Révérence; je la prie de me croire, Scc^ ( Signé ) F. D o MI N I QU E , Capucin, MilîIonnair& Apoftolique , Supérieur. A Pondichéry ,le i6 Février 1739^. Lettre du même au IL P. Provincial de Savoy e , ou if continue à faire l’éloge du Pere Norbert. Mon Révérend Pere , perfuadé que vous êtes le digne Succelîèur du zèle Apoftolique des RR. PP^ Provinciaux de la Province de Savoye, je m’adreflê aujourd’hui à votre Révérencç pour la prier de con tinuer ce même zèle à nous envoyer des Ouvriers Evangéliques dans ces Miïîîons des Indes, fur lef quelles le Pere de Famille répand de jour en jour fes bénédi(5lions les plus abondantes. Nous avons reça julqu’à préfent cinq Sujets de votre Province ÿ fçavoic le R. P. Benigné & lè R. P. Grégoire , que le Sei gneur a appellés 'à lui depuis mon arrivée dans ce Pays , du zèle defquels on ne finira de long-tems de parler avec édification , mais que leur mort précieulè ne m’a permis d’admirer que très-peu de teras. Il: Digitizea r — i. SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES , Liv. I. 13 r nous refte les R R. P P, Severin , Hîppolyce & Ber ' nard , dignes leélateurs des vertus admirables des *739* deux défunts. Quand nous aurions a<5tuellement une douzaine & même une quinzaine dé bons Sujets', nous aurions de quoi leur fournir de l’occupation ; car à l'Heure même que >ai l’honneur de vous écrire , M. notre Gouverneur eft occupé à dépêcher plufieurs Vaifleaux pour un nouvel Etabliflêment qu’on a fait . ^ depuis fept à huit jours , & où il y a à efpérer qu’avanc long-tems il le préfentera une trèsabondante moif* Ibn ; outre' qu’il y en a trois autres deftituées de Mil Honnaires : je ne vous parle pas de Pondichéry, ni de MadraR , ni de Suratte ,• &e.— Le R. P. Norbert, de 1» Provinc^ de Lo^rraine , doit s’embarquer demain ou après dans urv VailTeau qui part pour la France , dan» le deflèin de nous amener des Millionnaires. Si nous étions allèz heureux pour qu’il s’en trouvât dans votre Province qui-euireYic le deCr de‘ venir , lejoindre à nos travaux, ils pourroncs’adreflef à ce R;P. , &c.^ (Signé) F. Dominique DE Valence,' 'Ap^olique Supérieur , â PûJtdichery U itîFiév. 1739» Aux Eminéntiflimes Préfet & Cardinaux dé là Sacrée’’ Congrégation de la Propagation dé la Foi , par lès ■ Peres Milîîonnaires Capùcins de Pondichery^a).' EMINENTISSIMES SEIGNEURS,. Il y a environ trente ans que les PP, Capucins de la Province ’ de Touraine , Mijfîormaires Apoflotiques ( a ) L’Origiiwl Latia fe trouve â la tête dei Mémoires du Fere Nor Mijfion Digitized by Google 134 MEMOTKES HISTORIQUES " à Pondichéry fur là Côte de Coromandel ,fe volent prî-^ yés de leur jujle efpérance & des fruits de leur , erz la Sacrée cc que les Peres de la Société fe maintiennent depuis ce Congrége. temps-là dans la Cure des Malabares de Pondichéry , Aorben çu’iZî Ont enlevée par fraude & violence aux Capucins , ejl chargé qui la poffédoieru comme l’ayant eux-mêmes établie Çf cultivée pendant plufeurs années , avant que les Jéfui- fime. , tes chajfés de Siam vinfferu fe retirer en cette Colonie Françoife. Les fufdits PP. Capucins dès long-temps ont .déféré cette Caufe au S. Siège, oà elle ejl toujours pendan te. Quelque diligence qu*ils aient faite, ib n’ont pu juf qu’ aujourd'hui réuffir à trouver quelqu un pour en folli citer la décif on. finale , par la rai fin fans doute qu'on craint la pui fiance de ceux dont on parle. Ib o^nt enfin expofer leur droit à vos Eminences , pour quelles dai gnent faire enfirte que cette Caufe foit une fois termi née , & que les Capucins rentrent dans la Miffion de leurs Prédéceffeurs , d’oïl les Jéfuîtes les ontchaffés^ Pour donc que nous ne foyons pas tout-à-fait firufirés de nos jufies defirs ,■& que nous puiffions exercer le minifier e Apûfiolique fans trouble , nous recourons à la facrée Con grégation ,fiuppliant trh-infiamment Vos Eminences qu’ayant égard à notre ancien droit S* à la jufiice de nos demandes , elles ordonnent que les Gentils au moins qui feroru convert'is à ht Foi par nos foins& baptifés par. bcrt de 1743 , & dans ceux de 1744 , à la page 414 du 2 yol. L, On y voit les Extraits d’une Lettre dont ce MifTionnaire étoit au(Q " chargé pour la^Définition Générale de fon Ordre à Rome ; elle étoit très-importance pour les MilTions. De Pondichéry, le 33 Janvier 1749* Olgttized by SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv. I. 135 notre minière , foient fournis â la jurifdiéHon des Ca '=-■ — » fucins , afin qu’ils puijfent conf errer ces nouveaux Fi-i deles dans le même ejprit qu’ils les ont élevés , & pour prouver invinciblement par leur exemple que le Décret de l’Eminentiffime Cardinal deTournon fur les RitsMa labares , n’ejl point impraticable , comme Vont tant de fois publié les Miffîonnaires Jéfuhes, D’ailleurs , il ejl certain que ce fera une voie ouverte pour la propagation de la Foi, 6* pour engager les Gentils âVembraJJer, voyant qu’ apres leur converfion ils ne feront point fou rnis à V autorité des défaites, qu’ils craignent beaucoup ÿ mais à celle des Capucins qu’ils fouhaitent avec empref fement. Si Vos Eminences fe rendent favorables aux humbles repréfentations que nous leur Jaifons , nous ne tejferons de prier le Tout-puiffant de les conferver. Don né à Pondichéry fous le Iceau de cette Million le 24 Janvier 1740 .* ( Signés ) F. Dominique de Valence, Miff. Apojl. Suoér.F. Chryjoflome deCaflel-Sarra-finy Cap. Mijf. Apofi.F. Hippolyte de la Province de Savoie, ■ '■Miff. Apojl. F. Louis d’Angers Mijf. Apojl. (a) Lieu» du Sceau. M. R, P. --Quant àla nomination a la Cure , je fou itttnder haite de toute mon ame que la chofe réuffijf&: M. Dumas Mjjion vous.préconife ai>ec jujlice , & en a écrit du P. Thomas. * Mais pourquoi ne répond-il pas à la demande d’un Gou au Pere werneur qu’on ne peut refuj’er fans fejaire tort? —-Dif-^^^^"‘ ' ( a) Pour lors il n’y avoir point d’autres Millionnaires Capucins yéurde^t Pondichéry que ceux qui ont ligné cette Supplique , excepté le P. Eu trope , qui ctoit privé de la vue. ^ Digitized bv-iioogle r^6 ’ MEM OIRES HISTORIQUES '^*"*^*^ puter à ce Général le droit de nomination à une Cure d^ ^739* Ja dépendance , il y auroit de l’abfurdité, â moins qu^ tcnt^ia‘ pour des jaijons d’intérêts 6/ de politique l’on nefajjo perte. id (j^emande au notre que fousfon bon plaijir. La volon 1738*/ ié des Grands ejl divifée en oui & en non. J’ignore fa façon de faire de M* le Gouverneur, & s’il réujjîra à votre avantage à ma fatisfaâlion. DéfieT^-vous , &c. ' ’M. R. P. Vous penfejujle lorjque vous dites que M, Dumas n’en fera au fujet de la Cure qu’à la volonté de 'N, R. P. Thomas î mais deviner quiql celui qui fait fa cour pour la Cinre de Pondichéry , c’eji où je ne puis voir. 'M. Dumas & tout ce qui compofe ce beau monde de Pon dichéry, vous demandent, & c*ejl en quoi ils font de bon goût. Mais le notre dira qiéil ejl en droit depréfenter un Sujet à votre Gouverneur.— Litiger en pareil cas, il fefervbroit de fon puiffant crédit pour faire embarquer le Pr^feniianf. A Madraft le 17 Février 1738,. On a voulu me faire fentir qu’aprh avoir laijfé régir le R. P. Dominique l'ejpace de deux à trois ans, c’eût été une injujlice criante de le dépqfer en votre faveur. Le Chef (tici confejfe que vous averç de l’ejprit & un talent rare pourla Chaire j mais il dit que cette place ejl peu de chofe : donc , ajoute-t-il , vous vous acquerreT^ plus de gloire & de crédit par vos prédications , que vous nefe ne:ç pas fi vous étierç réduit à fournir aux befoins d’une Maifon, A^draftie loMars 1738. Lettre DigitizedJpy.GüOgl SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv. I. 157 Lettre d'un Miflîonnaire Capucin au R. P. Archange 1735^; Orry, Capucin à Paris. De Madrajl le 16 Février 1739* M. R, P. La Préfente ejl en conformité de celle que fai eu V honneur de vous écrire vers la fin de étOêlobre Ï738. Je vous fais remettre ce que je vous avois promis^ par le R. P. Norbert , qui fefera un plalfîr inexprimable de vous le préfenter de ma part. Ce Religieux , qui ejl homme d’ efprit ô* fcientifique , retourne en Europe pour des affaires d’importance , lefquelles il aura t honneur de vous communiqué. Il faifoit l’ornement de cette Jilijfion, dont il foutenoitles intérêts avec ^èle. T ejpere que votre Révérence lui fera trh-favorable pour la réuf Jite de fes faims projets. Nous fommes ici tres-opprirnés par un Evêque Portugais Loyolifle, &c. Lettre du R. P. René , Cuftode , de préfènt à Angers, datée de Madraftle 3 Décembre 1735?* jiIr. P. La raijhn pourquoi je n’ai pas voulu fouf crire à la Supplique ycjl quelle ne préfente aucun fait cer tain. — S’il s’agiffoit de rendre témoignage de votre vie ^ de vos moeurs y félon la connoiffance que j’en ai par les deux différentes fois que vous ave^ demeuré avec nous â Madrafiyj’attefierois très~volontiés,fans être requis , que je n’ai rien connu en votre conduite qui ne foitétun très f âge Religieux. -^-Vous êtes déterminé à repaffer en Europe : attendez-vous à vous voir attaqué du côté de la Tome ly. S. « Digitized by Googl i}8 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES — Puijpince Eccléjîajlique , fis* nimt^y-yous en défenfe ^735> et c6té-là. Lettre d’un autre Mîflîonnaire Capucin à Madraft , le at? Janvier 1740. ’ ■ M, R. P. Etant ajfùré par la vôtre que vous fere encore pour quelques jours à Pondichéry , je projne de votre délai pour vous témoigner que je Jens la perte que fait la Mijjion d'un Sujet aufji méritant que votreRévé rence, qui avoir la capacité , le mérite, & le T^èle if un véritable Mijfionnaire Apojîolique , foit pour relever les Chrétiens abattus fous le poids de leur négligence pour leur falut , & cela faute d'inf mêlions claires , perfuaf- ves & touchantes , telles quétoient celles que votre Ré vérence leur faijoit , foit pour encourager & fortifier ceux qui étant de bonnevolonté, nerefpirent qu' apres un pieux & charitable Direêleur. Ils V avaient ces pauvres dans votre Révérerue , foit pour arracher du fein de l’Idolâtrie des Ames qui ne vivent fous Vefclavi^e du Démon que parce qu'elles font privées de Mijfionnai tes fuffijamment capables. — Par votre retour , le flam beau évangélique leur ejl enlevé. — Je vous dis pour vo tre conjolation que vous n'ave^âcet égard rienâvous reprocher ayant fait ce dont les autres m pouvaient pas yenir a bout. Je ne ferois pas embarrajfé d’en venir à une narration effeâlive , Jî la nécefjité s’en préfentoit. Je vous donne un grand adieu ,puifquilfaut que nous nous féparions. — Que l’Ange du Seigneur , qui vous a con Dtgttized by (iot^Te ^739 SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liv.I. 139 duh dans ces Pays , vous rende fain & fauf en Europe » &c. Certificat du Supérieur Général des Miflîonnaires Capucins aux Indes. De Madrafl, le la Janvier 1745 : ( ce Religieux eft àpréîènt à Angers. ) Jefouffïgné certifie à tous Supérieurs Eccléfiafliques , & autres à qui il appartiendra , ce qui fuit dans cet Acé rés àfavoir yque certaines perfonnes mal-intentionnées contre le R. P. Norbert , Procureur de nos Miffîons des Indes oà jeréfide, attaquent injufiement fa réputation 6* fes mœurs. Je té ai rien trouvé dans fa conduite qui ne convienne à un digne Religieux i des mœurs pures , des démarches édifiantes , des difcours pleins de fenti mens de piété & de fêle pour la gloire de Dieu. En foi de quoi je figne le préfent Aéle de mon propre mouve ment, pour défendre V innocence attaquée par des motifs depafjion. (Signé) F. René, Capucin Miff.Apofio lique, Cufiode. ' Le Pere Norbert s’ofFre de montrer aux Jéfuites les Originaux de toutes ces Pièces; ils fçavent aflèz fa réfidence. Qu’ils viennent donc, & qu’ils voient {iengagerU femblables témoignages s’acccH'dentavec le portrait qu’ils font de ce Millionnaire dans toutes les parties du re i M. monde. S’il étoit tel qu’ils le repréfentent, avec quel le juftice ne le plaindroit-on pas de fes Supérieurs , cTtr'elpar & de tous les Millionnaires qui le comblent de 11 ra lesjéfui res éloges ? Quel droit n’auroic-on pas de le récrier'" J p" contre M. Dumas , le Confeil Supérieur , les Religieu Norbeu' Sij. LIV. Motift qui ont pu Digitized by Google 140 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES — lès , Sc tant d’autres qui non-feulement ont fbllicité ^739 l’élévation du P. Norbert , mais ont rendu de fa con duite & de Ion zèle les témoignages les plus honora bles ? Avoient-ils donc tous quelque intérêt d’ufer ici de connivence ? Que pouvoient-ils craindre ou elpé rer d’un Miffionnaire Capucin ? N’eft-ce donc pas un paradoxe que les Jéfuites avancent, lorfqu’ils dilent que le P. Norbert étoit aux Indes un brouillon , un au dacieux, un faulTaire, &cî Quelques Lettres du P.Tho mas , quand elles lèroient réelles , prévaudroient-el les jamais contre tant d’autres que l’on y oppofe? L’at teftation d’un Supérieur préfent confirmée par toute là Communauté , mérite plus de foi fans doute que quelques Lettres fécretes d’un Supérieur abfent! Qui auroitdonc pu, répliquent les Jéfuites , engager le P. Thomas à écrire d’un ftyle pareil au Gouverneur? Ces Peres par cette objeéUon ont cru que le P. Norbert prendroit IbnSupérieurà pactie,.& qu’il ne manqueroic pas de blefier là mémoire, en faifant Ibn apologie : mais loin delà , il s’ell; fait & fe fera toujours un de voir de louer un de fes Confrères qui a Ibutenu, avec tant de courage & de zèle , la pureté du culte. La Lettre de cachet que les Jéfuites ont procurée à ce R. P. Thomas, ne lervira jamais de preuves au P. Norbert pour le faire pafièr tel qu’ils le répréfen toienralorsà la Cour. Il a connu le mérite du P. Tho mas aux Indes , il en a fait l'éloge en Europe. Il eft vjai que quelque mérite qu’il eût , nous ne dirons pas pour cela qu’ilfût un Saint,, un Ange , comme, le» Digitized SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES , Li v. I. 141 Jéfuites s’annoncent (a) : nous dirons que le P. Tho mas n’étoit pas plus exempt de foiblefle , que lesMif^ *739* ‘ iîonnaires de fon Ordre. Il étoit de la nature des au tres hommes, &par conféquent fujet à des préven tions & à des préjugés dont les Supérieurs le laiHenc quelquefois préoccuper l’elprit. Il arrive même que plus on eft âevé, moins on s’en préferve. S. François d’Aflîflê parut être bien convaincu de cette vérité , que l’expérience a fait reconnoître dans tous les tems. Il ordonne à les Dilciples que ceuxd’entr’euxquHè ront Supérieurs , fe regardent comme les Ser viteurs des autres , & que s’ils fe trouvent contraints de corriger quelques-uns de leurs Freres, ils le fallenc toujours avec beaucoup de douceur & de charité. Pour les engager à conlèrver cetelprit, l’Ordre veut que les Supérieurs, après iix années au plus de gou vernement, deviennent eux-mêmes fimples Particu liers, & fournis à l’obéiflànce. Le P. Norbert follici té par plufieurs de fes Confrères , fit entendre au P. Thomas qu’il lèroii avantageux à laMiflîon d’oblerver cet Article aux Indes. Parler de SuccelTeur à ceux qui ont vieilli Ibus le fardeau delà Supériorité, fùrtout err ces Pays-là, n’éft pas un langage qui flate : les hom mes doués même d’une haute vertu Ibuvent ne l’en tendent pas avec plaifir. Peut-être aura-t-il occafion ( a ) Dans leur Livre intitule. Imago primi Seculi , leur Société, difent* ils, eft une Société d’Hommes, ou plutôt d’Anges,qui a étépréditepar Ifaie en ces termes ; Allex, Anges prompts Cr légers. Leurs Lettres édi fiantes confitmecc cette haute idée qu’ils donnent d’eux-mémcs. Digitized by Google 142 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES ■ 3 né dans refprit du Pere Thomas des idées peu avan ^739* tageulesau P. Norbert : il en faut quelquefois moins. Un autre motif qui auroit pu y contribuer , eft que ce R. P. ayant réfoîu défaire Ibrtir des Indes par la force majeure un Millionnaire de lès Confrères , le P. Nor bert lui repréfenta que d’ufer de cette violence , étoic agir contre refprit du Corps; & quil croyoit même qu’un Cuftode aux Indes n’avoit point l’autorité de renvoyer en Europe des Millionnaires que les Supé rieurs Généraux & Préfets n’y avoient envoyés qu’a près un mûr examende leur capacité, &des preuves bien conftantes de leur fagellè : Qu’en fuppofant mê me que les Supérieurs majeurs eulTent accordé ce pouvoir à leurs Cullodes , leur intention ne feroit pas qu’ils employallènt l’autorité féculiére, à moins qu’ils ne pulTent agir autrement, &que le cas fût des plus' prelTans : ce qui n’étoit certainement point par rap port au Millionnaire dont il s’agilToit. Le P. Norbert fit ces reprélèntations pour ménager un Confrère qui recouroit à fa charité : il convenoit bien qu’il étoit à * propos qu’il s’en retournât , n^is il ne pouvoit ap prouver la maniéré avec laquelle on le renvoyoit, ni croire que l’autorité ( a ) du Cuftode allât juf*. ( a ) Du tems que le P. Norbert croit à Rome , en 1 74.3 , on forma un plan par des ordres fupérieurs pour le Gouvernement des Miflions. Un des principaux Articles ed que les Cudodes , non plus que les Préfets & autres Supérieurs de rélîdence dans les Millions , ne pour ront renvoyer en Europe aucun Miflionnaire de leur chef. Ils doivent avantenécrireàRome, ou àleurs Supérieurs généraux ou Provinciaux, & en attendre la réponfe, à moins de cas extraordinaires; mais alors «n devra faire intervenir le confencemenc unanime des Millionnaires ,de la Midion. Diglti?«t-by Gofl^lc SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES , Liv. I. 143 ques-là. De pareilles explications , & quelques au ■ très de cette nature qui ne regardent nullement les Jéfuites , ont pu indilpofèr le Pere Thomas , & le faire écrire avec quelque précipitation à M. Dumas contre le P. Norbert. Ce qui en eft une preuve afîèz convaincante , c’eft que les Lettres ne font toutes que de 3 à 4 mois de date. Mais encore une fois, qu'en conclure ? Que ce Supérieur , comme tant d’autres, s’eft laiflTé préoccuper l’efprit de faufles idées, qui l’ont engagé dans cette occafion à écrire de la forte à M. Dumas, làns prévoir qu’il feroit capable de faire un fi mauvais ulage de fes Lettres , que de les donner à des ennemis déclarés. Voilà la confequence qu’on peut en tirer ; elle ne làuroit être d’aucune utilité aux Jéfuites ni contre le P. Norbert, ni pour la juftifica «ion des Miflionnaires de la Société. Les Capucins pourroient au plus s’en fervir pour défapprouverleP. Thomas de les avoir écrites fans confoltation, làns examen, & M. Dumas de les avoir livrées aux enne mis les plus irréconciliables du P. Thomas. Convenir de ces deux chofos, n’eft pas accorder la viéfoire aux Jéfuites. Des hommes en place ne fe trompent-jls jamais T Toutes leurs démarches font-elles toujours ir réprochables ? Si les Jéfuites ont l’humilité de Sou tenir que leurs Millionnaires & leurs Supérieurs font incapables de s’égarer, les Capucins n’ont pas la vanité de penfer fi favorablement de ceux de leur Corps. Le P. Norbert n’imitera pas non plus les Peres de la^ Société, qui ne craignent pas de révéler tous les fe 1739 Digitized by Google % 144 MEMOIRES HISTORIQUES ■ crets , par le charitable motif de perdre les gens qui ^73P* oient condamner leurs erreurs & les Icandales dont ils inondent les Indes. Il pourroit oppofer aux Letres que M. Dumas leur a, dit-on , lâchement livrées , des Mémoires qu’jl a rapportés des Indes , qui prouvent que ce Moniteur n’a pas été lui-même exemt de gra ves acculàtions. Avant d’être élevé à la place de Gou verneur , ne fut-il pas rappellé en France ? Mais on fe contente de dire que la confiance qu’il avoit au P. Norbert, alloît C loin , qu’il lui montroit les Lettres qu’il écrivoit au P. Thomas fur la nomination à la Cure de Pondichéry, & les réponfes que celui-ci lui failbit. En un mot on ne craint pas d’être ici contre dit avec vérité , en avançant qu’après le P. Thomas il ne fit jamais autant d’honneur à aucun Millionnai re qu’il en a fait au P. Norbert. Il faut avouer que M. Dumas, qui avoit au P. Thomas des obligations particulières , ne lui refulbit rien de ce qu’il pouvoir demander. Nous aurions évité volontiers d’entrer dans ce détail, fi plufieurs Cardinaux, & quantité de perlbnnes en place , ne nous eullènt engagé à déve lopper un endroit fur lequel les Jéfuites avoient for mé des nuages, au travers defquels les yeux de bien du monde ne pou voient percer. Ce n’eft pas qu’on ne conçût à Rome , & ailleurs, le ridicule de ces Peres d’établir l’apologie de leurs Confrères des Indes Sc de la Chine fur un fait qui n’a de rapport qu’au gouver nement intérieur de l’Ordre des Capucins. Les Jéfuî ces auroient raifon de fe plaindre des Ouvrages du P. Norbert DigitizedJ)y GoQgle SUR LES AFFAIRES DES JESUITES, Liy. I. 145 Norbert , s’il le fût avîfé de révéler les dilcufllons des Supérieurs de la Société avec des Particuliers, ou les défauts qui fe commettent dans la dilcipline intérieu re de leurs Mailbns. Ils voient allez clairement qu’il ne traite que d’afl&ires publiques , & relatives aux in térêts de l’Eglife: encore s’il l’a fait, ne lèmbloit-il pas qu’il ne reliât plus d’autre moyen pour contrain dre leurs Miflîonnaires à abandonner enfin les Idolâ tries & les Superftitions , que le Saint Siège a condam nées depuis tant d’années î L’ufage qu’ont fait les Apologiftes de la Société LV, !du fameux Aéle donné à M. de Lolliere par le P. bert, eftune preuve de leur fourberie, plus marquée vaincus encore que tout ce que nous venons de voir. Le P. Patouillet, dans là Lettre à un Evêque, prétend que faux U?, ce Millionnaire ell convaincu du crime deFaulTaire. NorbeTt Rapportons d’abord les paroles du Jéfuite de Paris, & voyons s’il n’eft pas un impofteur public. Le P. faire. | 41,171 |
https://github.com/seadfeng/cloud_wordpress/blob/master/core/app/models/wordpress/preference.rb | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,021 | cloud_wordpress | seadfeng | Ruby | Code | 8 | 20 | module Wordpress
class Preference < Wordpress::Base
end
end
| 42,776 |
US-201715787823-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 2,017 | None | None | English | Spoken | 7,483 | 9,679 | Combined Scatter and Transmission Multi-View Imaging System
ABSTRACT
The present specification discloses a multi-view X-ray inspection system having, in one of several embodiments, a three-view configuration with three X-ray sources. Each X-ray source rotates and is configured to emit a rotating X-ray pencil beam and at least two detector arrays, where each detector array has multiple non-pixellated detectors such that at least a portion of the non-pixellated detectors are oriented toward both the two X-ray sources.
CROSS-REFERENCE
The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/707,141, entitled “Combined Scatter and Transmission Multi-View Imaging System” and filed on May 8, 2015, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/756,211, of the same title, filed on Jan. 31, 2013, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,057,679 on Jun. 16, 2015, which relies on U.S. Provisional Patent Application Number 61/594,625, of the same title and filed on Feb. 3, 2012, for priority. The aforementioned applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INEVNTION
The present specification relates generally to the field of X-ray imaging system for security scanning and more specifically to multi-view X-ray scanning systems that advantageously combine transmission and backscatter imaging.
BACKGROUND
With the proliferation of terrorism and contraband trade, there exists an imminent need for systems that can effectively and efficiently screen cars, buses, larger vehicles and cargo to detect suspicious threats and illegal substances.
In the past, many technologies have been assessed for use in security inspection, and often X-ray imaging has been identified as a reasonable technique for such purposes. Several known X-ray scanning systems have been deployed for screening cars, buses and other vehicles. Such systems include transmission and backscatter X-ray screening systems. These prior art X-ray systems provide scanning from a very limited number of orientations, typically one and potentially two. For example, a transmission X-ray system may be configured in a side-shooter or top-shooter configuration. Backscatter systems may be available in single sided or, occasionally, in a three sided configuration. Accordingly, there is need in the prior art for a multi-view imaging system which can have an arbitrary number of views, and typically more than one. There is also need in the art for a modular multi-view system that results in high detection performance at very low dose using a combination of backscatter and transmission imaging methodologies.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present specification discloses, in one embodiment, an X-ray inspection system comprising an X-ray source configured to emit an X-ray beam; and a detector array comprising a plurality of non-pixellated detectors, wherein at least a portion of said non-pixellated detectors are not oriented toward the X-ray source.
In another embodiment, the present specification discloses an X-ray inspection system comprising at least two X-ray sources, wherein each X-ray source is configured to emit an X-ray beam; and at least two detector arrays, wherein each detector array comprises a plurality of non-pixellated detectors, wherein at least a portion of said non-pixellated detectors are oriented toward both X-ray sources.
In yet another embodiment, the present specification discloses a multi-view X-ray inspection system having a three-view configuration comprising three X-ray sources, wherein each X-ray source rotates and is configured to emit a rotating X-ray pencil beam; and at least two detector arrays, wherein each detector array comprises a plurality of non-pixellated detectors, wherein at least a portion of said non-pixellated detectors are oriented toward both X-ray sources.
In an embodiment, the X-ray beam is a pencil beam and each X-ray source rotates over an angle of rotation, and the X-ray inspection system has an intrinsic spatial resolution and wherein said intrinsic spatial resolution is determined by a degree of collimation of the X-ray beam and not by a degree of pixellation of X-ray scan data. Further, in an embodiment, a single detector is exposed to only one X-ray beam from one of said X-ray sources at a specific point in time, and each detector defines a plane and wherein said plane is offset from each plane defined by each X-ray source. In an embodiment, each detector has a rectangular shape.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray inspection system comprises at least one X-ray source configured to emit an X-ray beam; and a detector array comprising at least two rectangular profile backscatter detectors and a square profile transmission detector positioned between said at least two rectangular profile backscatter detectors.
In yet another embodiment, the present specification discloses an X-ray inspection system comprising at least one X-ray source configured to emit an X-ray beam; and a detector array comprising at least two rectangular profile backscatter detectors, a square profile transmission detector positioned between said at least two rectangular profile backscatter detectors, and a pair of fixed collimators positioned between the square profile transmission detector and one of said at least two rectangular profile backscatter detectors.
In an embodiment, an X-ray inspection system comprising a control system wherein, when said X-ray inspection system is activated to detect gamma rays, said control system turns off an X-ray source and switches a detector data processing mode from current integrating mode to a pulse counting mode, is disclosed.
In another embodiment, the present invention discloses an X-ray inspection system having at least one X-ray source, wherein said X-ray source comprises an extended anode X-ray tube, a rotating collimator assembly, a bearing, a drive motor, and a rotary encoder.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention discloses, an X-ray inspection system having at least one X-ray source, wherein said X-ray source comprises an extended anode X-ray tube, a rotating collimator assembly, a bearing, a drive motor, a secondary collimator set, and a rotary encoder.
In an embodiment, an X-ray inspection system comprising a control system wherein said control system receives speed data and wherein said control system adjusts at least one of a collimator rotation speed of an X-ray source, data acquisition rate, or X-ray tube current based upon said speed data, is disclosed.
In another embodiment, the present specification discloses an X-ray inspection system comprising a control system wherein said control system adjusts at least one of a collimator rotation speed of an X-ray source, data acquisition rate, or X-ray tube current to ensure a uniform dose per unit length of an object being scanned.
The present specification is also directed toward an X-ray inspection system for scanning an object, the inspection system comprising: at least two rotating X-ray sources configured to simultaneously emit rotating X-ray beams, each of said X-ray beams defining a transmission path; at least two detector arrays, wherein each of said at least two detector arrays is placed opposite one of the at least two X-ray sources to form a scanning area; and at least one controller for controlling each of the X-ray sources to scan the object in a coordinated manner, such that the X-ray beams of the at least two X-ray sources do not cross transmission paths.
In one embodiment, each of the emitted X-ray beams is a pencil beam and each X-ray source rotates over a predetermined angle of rotation.
In one embodiment, each detector is a non-pixellated detector.
In one embodiment, a first, a second and a third rotating X-ray sources are configured to simultaneously emit rotating X-ray beams, wherein the first X-ray source scans the object by starting at a substantially vertical position and moving in a clockwise manner; wherein the second X-ray source scans the object by starting at a substantially downward vertical position and moving in a clockwise manner; and wherein the third X-ray source scans the object by starting at a substantially horizontal position and moving in a clockwise manner.
In one embodiment, the controller causes each X-ray source to begin scanning the object in a direction that does not overlap with an initial scanning direction of any of the remaining X-ray sources, thereby eliminating cross talk among the X-ray sources.
In one embodiment, a plurality of scanned views of the object are collected simultaneously with each detector being irradiated by no more than one X-ray beam at any one time.
In one embodiment, a volume of the detectors is independent of a number of scanned views of the object obtained.
In one embodiment, the X-ray inspection system has an intrinsic spatial resolution wherein said intrinsic spatial resolution is determined by a degree of collimation of an X-ray beam.
In one embodiment, the one or more detectors comprise an array of scintillator detectors having one or more photomultiplier tubes emerging from an edge of the detector array to allow X-ray beams from adjacent X-ray sources to pass an unobstructed face of the detector array opposite to the photomultiplier tubes.
In one embodiment, the one or more detectors are formed from a bar of a scintillation material that has a high light output efficiency, a fast response time and is mechanically stable over large volumes with little response to changing environmental conditions.
In one embodiment, the one or more detectors are gas ionization detectors comprising a Xenon or any other pressurized gas.
In one embodiment, the one or more detectors are formed from a semiconductor material such as but not limited to CdZnTe, CdTe, HgI, Si and Ge.
In one embodiment, the X-ray inspection system is configured to detect gamma rays by turning off the X-ray sources switching the detectors from a current integrating mode to a pulse counting mode.
The present specification is also directed toward an X-ray inspection system for scanning an object, the inspection system comprising: at least two X-ray sources configured to simultaneously emit rotating X-ray beams for irradiating the object, wherein each of said X-ray beams defines a transmission path; a detector array comprising at least one transmission detector placed between at least two backscatter detectors, wherein each of said backscatter detectors detects backscattered X-rays emitted by a first X-ray source placed on a first side of the object and wherein the transmission detectors detects transmitted X-rays emitted by a second X-ray source placed on an opposing side of the object; and at least one controller for controlling each of the X-ray sources to concurrently scan the object in a coordinated, non-overlapping, manner such that the transmission paths of each of said X-ray beams does not cross.
In one embodiment, the detector array comprises at least two rectangular profile backscatter detectors and a square profile transmission detector positioned between said at least two rectangular profile backscatter detectors.
In another embodiment, the detector array comprises a transmission detector positioned between two backscatter detectors wherein the detectors are placed within a single plane facing the object begin scanned and the transmission detector has a smaller exposed surface area than each of the backscatter detectors.
In one embodiment, the X-ray inspection system further comprises a pair of fixed collimators positioned between the transmission detector and one of said at least two backscatter detectors.
In one embodiment, each of the X-ray sources comprises an extended anode X-ray tube, a rotating collimator assembly, a bearing, a drive motor, and a rotary encoder.
In another embodiment, each of the X-ray sources comprises: an extended anode X-ray tube coupled with a cooling circuit, the anode being at ground potential; a rotating collimator assembly comprising at least one collimating ring with slots cut at predefined angles around a circumference of the collimator, a length of each slot being greater than a width and an axis of rotation of the slot, and the width of the slots defining an intrinsic spatial resolution of the X-ray inspection system in a direction of the scanning; a bearing for supporting a weight of the collimator assembly and transferring a drive shaft from the collimator assembly to a drive motor; a rotary encoder for determining an absolute angle of rotation of the X-ray beams; and a secondary collimator set for improving spatial resolution in a perpendicular scanning direction.
In one embodiment, the controller receives speed data comprising a speed of the object and, based upon said speed data, adjusts at least one of a collimator rotation speed of an X-ray source, a data acquisition rate, or an X-ray tube current based upon said speed data.
The aforementioned and other embodiments of the present shall be described in greater depth in the drawings and detailed description provided below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated, as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a single-view top-shooter transmission imaging system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first side-shooter configuration of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a second side-shooter configuration of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a multi-view X-ray imaging system embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows X-ray detector offset geometry from a plane of X-ray sources for use in the multi-view X-ray imaging system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a suitable X-ray detector for use in the multi-view system of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a side view of a detector array for use in the multi-view system of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is an end view of the detector array for use in the multi-view system of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a backscatter-transmission detector configuration for use with multi-view system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows an alternate embodiment of the backscatter-transmission detector configuration for use with multi-view system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a suitable scanning X-ray source for use with multi-view system of the present invention;
FIG. 11a shows a secondary collimator set to improve spatial resolution in the perpendicular direction;
FIG. 11b shows the secondary collimator set of FIG. 11a positioned around an outer edge of a rotating collimator;
FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of read-out electronic circuit for use with detectors of the multi-view system of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows a matrixed configuration where a set of ‘n’ multi-view imaging systems are monitored by a group of ‘m’ image inspectors;
FIG. 14 shows a deployment of a multi-view imaging system to scan cargo, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 shows a deployment of a multi-view imaging system to scan occupied vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16a shows a mobile inspection system in its operating state ready for scanning;
FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present specification is directed towards an X-ray scanning system that advantageously combines image information from both backscatter and transmission technologies. More specifically, the present invention employs four discrete backscatter systems, however re-uses the pencil beam from one backscatter system to illuminate large area detectors from a second backscatter system so that simultaneous multi-sided backscatter and transmission imaging using the same set of four X-ray beams can be achieved. This approach is cost effective, in that it saves the cost of a segmented detector array yet still provides a comprehensive inspection.
The present specification is directed towards multiple embodiments. The following disclosure is provided in order to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention. Language used in this specification should not be interpreted as a general disavowal of any one specific embodiment or used to limit the claims beyond the meaning of the terms used therein. The general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the terminology and phraseology used is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodiments and should not be considered limiting. Thus, the present invention is to be accorded the widest scope encompassing numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents consistent with the principles and features disclosed. For purpose of clarity, details relating to technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a single-view top-shooter transmission imaging system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. System 100 comprises an X-ray source 105 with a rotating pencil beam collimator. When the X-ray beam is on, the collimator rotates continuously to form a moving X-ray beam 110 that sweeps over a fan-shaped area 115. A series of X-ray detectors 120 are placed in a transmission inspection geometry, namely opposite the X-ray beam 110 and with the inspected object between the detectors 120 and X-ray beam 110, to record the intensity of the X-ray beam 110 once it has passed through object 125, such as a vehicle. In one embodiment, detectors 120 are on the order of 1000 mm long and stacked end-to-end to form a linear sensor having a length equal to a plurality of meters. An advantage of such detectors is that they can be fabricated quite inexpensively, since they do not have spatial resolution.
An X-ray scan image, of the object 125, is formed by recording intensity of signal at output of each detector 120 at all times, as well as the angle of rotation of the X-ray pencil beam 110. In radial coordinates, object X-ray transmission is determined by plotting the recorded X-ray intensity from X-ray detectors 120 which is being pointed to by the X-ray beam 110 against its angle of rotation at any given instant. As known to persons of ordinary skill in the art a predetermined coordinate transform maps this data back onto a Cartesian grid or any other chosen co-ordinate grid.
In contrast to typical prior art X-ray imaging systems, the intrinsic spatial resolution of the system 100 is determined not by pixellation of the X-ray scan data but by collimation of the X-ray beam 110 at the source 105. Since the X-ray beam 110 is produced from a small focal spot with finite area, the X-ray pencil beam 110 is diverging and therefore the spatial resolution of the system 100 varies with distance of the detectors 120 from the source 105. Therefore, spatial resolution of the system 100 is least in the lower corners directly opposite to the X-ray source 105. However, this varying spatial resolution is corrected by deconvolution of the spatial impulse response of the system 100 as a function of rotation angle to thereby produce an image with constant perceptible spatial resolution.
FIG. 2 is a side-shooter configuration, of the system 100 of FIG. 1, that uses a similar identical X-ray source 205 with a rotating pencil beam 210 and a series of identical X-ray detectors 220 but in alternative locations. As shown in FIG. 3, a mirrored side-shooter configuration is achieved using the same X-ray source 305 and detectors 320 but in a mirror image configuration to that shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a multi-view X-ray imaging system 400 that integrates the configurations of FIGS. 1 through 3 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, system 400 has a three-view configuration enabled by three simultaneously active rotating X-ray beams 405, 406 and 407 with plurality of detectors placed correspondingly, in one embodiment, in transmission configuration to form a scanning tunnel 420. System 400 provides a high degree of inspection capability, in accordance with an object of the present invention, while at the same time achieving this at substantially low X-ray dose since the volume of space irradiated at any moment in time is low compared to conventional prior art line scan systems that typically have large numbers of pixellated X-ray detectors and fan-beam X-ray irradiation.
As shown in FIG. 4, there is almost no cross talk between the three X-ray views which are collected simultaneously because the X-ray sources 405, 406, 407, are controlled by at least one controller 497, which may be local to or remote from the X-ray sources 405, 406, 407, that transmits control signals to each X-ray source 405, 406, 407 in a manner that causes them to scan the target object 495 in a coordinated, and non-overlapping, manner. In one embodiment, X-ray source 405 scans object 495 by starting at a substantially vertical position (between 12 o'clock and 1 o'clock) and moving in a clockwise manner. Concurrently, X-ray source 406 scans object 495 by starting at a substantially downward vertical position (around 4 o'clock) and moving in a clockwise manner. Concurrently, X-ray source 407 scans object 495 by starting at a substantially horizontal position (around 9 o'clock) and moving in a clockwise manner. It should be appreciated that each of the aforementioned X-ray sources could begin at a different position, provided that a) each starts a scan in a direction that does not overlap with the initial scanning direction of the other X-ray sources and b) each scans in a direction and at a speed that does not substantially overlap with the scan of the other X-ray sources.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is almost no limit to the number of views which may be collected simultaneously in the system 400 with each detector segment 421 being irradiated by no more than one primary X-ray beam at any one time. In one embodiment, the detector configuration 430, shown in FIG. 4, comprises 12 detector segments 421 each of approximately lm in length to form an inspection tunnel of approximately 3 m (Width)×3 m (Height). In one embodiment, the detector configuration 430 is capable of supporting six independent X-ray views to allow transition of the sweeping X-ray views between adjacent detectors. An alternate embodiment comprising 0.5 m long detector segments 421 is capable of supporting up to 12 independent X-ray image views.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that, in system 400, the volume of detector material is independent of the number of views to be collected and the density of readout electronics is quite low compared to conventional prior art pixellated X-ray detector arrays. Additionally, a plurality of X-ray sources can be driven from a suitably rated high voltage generator thereby enabling additional X-ray sources to be added relatively simply and conveniently. These features enable the high density multi-view system 400 of the present invention to be advantageously used in security screening applications.
As shown in FIG. 5, a multi-view system, such as that shown in FIG. 4, has X-ray detectors 520 offset from the plane of the X-ray sources 505. The offset prevents X-ray beams 510 from being absorbed relatively strongly in the detector nearest to it, before the beam can enter the object under inspection.
According to another aspect, X-ray detectors are not required to have a spatial resolving function thereby allowing the primary beam to wander over the face of the detector, and to a side face of the detector, with minimal impact on overall performance of the imaging system. This considerably simplifies the detector configuration in comparison to a conventional prior art pixellated X-ray system, since, in a pixellated system, each detector needs to be oriented to point back towards a corresponding source to maintain spatial resolution. Thus, in prior art pixellated X-ray systems, a single detector cannot point to more than one source position and, therefore, a dedicated pixellated array is needed for each source point.
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a suitable X-ray detector 600 for use in a multi-view system (such as the three-view system 400 of FIG. 4) of the present invention. As shown, detector 600 is formed from a bar 605 of X-ray detection material, that in one embodiment is fabricated from scintillation material. In a scintillation process, X-ray energy is converted to optical photons and these photons are collected using a suitable optical detector, such as a photomultiplier tube or photodiode 610. Suitable scintillation detection materials comprise plastic scintillators, CsI, BGO, NaI, or any other scintillation material known to persons of ordinary skill in the art that has high light output efficiency, fast time response and is mechanically stable over large volumes with little response to changing environmental conditions. Alternatively, detector materials can also comprise gas ionisation and gas proportional detectors, ideally with pressurised gas to enhance detection efficiency and high electric field strengths for improving signal collection times. Noble gas based detectors such as pressurised Xenon detectors are quite suitable for use with the multi-view system of present invention. Semiconductor detector materials could also be adopted, such as CdZnTe, CdTe, HgI, Si and Ge, although the capacitance, response time, costs and temperature response of these materials make them a less preferred choice.
An array of scintillator detectors 720 is shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b with photomultiplier tubes 725 emerging from the same long edge of scintillating material to allow X-ray beams from adjacent X-ray sources to pass the unobstructed face of the detector opposite to the photomultiplier tubes 725. Two X-ray sources 705, 706 are visible in the side view of the detector array 720 of FIG. 7a . Three X-ray sources 705, 706, 707 are visible in the end view of FIG. 7 b.
From X-rays which are transmitted straight through an object and to a set of transmission detectors on the opposite side of the object, a fraction of the X-rays scatter from the object into other directions. It is known to those of ordinary skill in the art that the probability of detecting a scattered X-ray varies with the inverse square of distance of the detector from the scattering site. This means that a detector placed proximate to an X-ray beam, as it enters the object, will receive a much larger backscatter signal than a detector placed at significant distance from X-ray source.
FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a detector configuration for use with multi-view system of the present invention to utilize X-rays backscattered from an object under inspection, in addition to transmitted X-rays. In this embodiment, an X-ray source 805 illuminates object 825 with a scanning pencil beam 810 of X-rays. A fraction of the X-rays 815 backscatter, which are then sensed by a pair of rectangular detectors 821, 822. Transmission X-ray beam 830 from a second X-ray source (not shown) at the other side of the object 825, is captured at a smaller square section detector 835.
It should be noted herein that the detectors can be of any shape and are not limited to a rectangular shape. In this particular embodiment, a rectangular shape is selected because it produces a uniform response and has a relatively manufacturing cost. In addition, a rectangular shape is easier to stack end-to-end compared with a circular or other curved detector. Similarly, using a smaller square cross-section will most likely yield the most uniform response, for example, when compared to a cylindrical detector with a circular cross section, and is relatively lower in cost to manufacture.
The square profile transmission detector 835 is placed between the two rectangular profile backscatter detectors 821, 822. A pair of fixed collimators 840 substantially reduces the effect of scattered radiation on the transmission detector 835, resulting from a nearby X-ray source, which measures relatively weak transmission signals from the opposing X-ray source (not shown). All detectors 821, 822 and 835 are shielded using suitable materials, such as steel and lead, around all faces except their active faces to avoid background signal due to natural gamma-radiation and unwanted X-ray scattering. Therefore, a transmission detector is sandwiched between two backscatter detectors, within a single plane facing the object begin scanned, and the transmission detector has a smaller exposed surface area than each of the backscatter detectors.
FIG. 9 shows an alternate embodiment of combined X-ray backscatter-transmission detectors. Here, a large imaging panel 900, which in one embodiment ranges from 1.5 m to 3.0 m in total length, comprises six individual X-ray detectors in addition to a scanning X-ray source 905. Four of the detectors 910, 911, 912 and 913 are used for recording X-ray backscatter from the local X-ray source 905, while two detectors 914, 915 having smaller exposed surface areas than each of the backscatter detectors 910, 911, 912, 913 are used to record transmission X-ray signals from an opposing X-ray generator.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art should note that with the detector configurations of FIGS. 8 and 9, a multi-view backscatter system of the present invention is achieved that has one backscatter view corresponding to each transmission view.
According to a further aspect, transmission imaging detectors can also be used for recording backscatter signals when not being directly irradiated by a transmission imaging beam. However, use of additional detection sensors, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 substantially improve sensitivity of the backscatter detectors albeit at substantially higher cost. Therefore, a low cost system with modest backscatter performance can be assembled using just a single detector array in offset geometry as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
In one embodiment, the additional backscatter imaging panels are formed from a low cost high volume detector material such as scintillation materials comprising plastic scintillators, scintillation screens such as GdO₂S with optical light guides, and solid scintillators such as CsI and NaI although any scintillator known to those of ordinary skill in the art may be used, providing it has a fast response time (<10 us primary decay time), good uniformity, and stability against change in ambient conditions. Semiconductor and gas filled detectors may also be used, although these are less preferred with the exception of pressured Xenon gas detectors.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the large area array of detector panels of FIGS. 8 and 9 are also used as passive detectors of gamma radiation such as that emitted from special nuclear materials and other radioactive sources of interest such as Co-60, Cs-137 and Am-241. To enable system sensitivity to passive gamma rays, the X-ray sources are turned off and the detector electronics switched from a current integrating mode to a pulse counting mode. The object, such as a vehicle, under inspection is first scanned with the X-ray system of the present invention. It should be noted herein that the method of the present invention can be used in a single-view configuration or a multi-view configuration. If a suspicious item is detected, the vehicle is re-scanned, this time, in passive detection mode. This provides dual operating function capability for the imaging system of the present invention. Further, due to spatial positioning of the detector panels, it is possible to approximately localize radioactive source in space (recognizing the inverse square reduction of count rate at detectors due to the distance of the detector from the source). This localization is applied to the multi-view X-ray images in the form of a graphic overlay to show the position of a passive gamma source.
As shown in FIG. 10, an embodiment of a suitable scanning X-ray source 1000, for use with multi-view system of the present invention, comprises an extended anode X-ray tube 1005, a rotating collimator assembly 1010, a bearing 1015, a drive motor 1020, and a rotary encoder 1025.
In one embodiment, extended anode X-ray tube 1005 has the anode at ground potential. The anode is provided with a cooling circuit to minimize the thermal heating of the target during extended operating periods. In one embodiment, a rotating collimator assembly 1010 is advantageously formed from suitable engineering materials such as steel and tungsten. The collimator comprises at least one collimating ring with slots cut at appropriate angles around circumference of the collimator. The length of each slot is greater than its width and is longer than its axis of rotation and narrow in the direction of rotation. Width of the slots defines intrinsic spatial resolution of the transmission imaging system in the direction of the scanning.
Bearing 1015 supports the weight of the collimator assembly 1010 and transfers a drive shaft from the collimator assembly to a drive motor 1020. The drive motor 1020 is capable of being speed controlled using an electronic servo drive to maintain exact speed of rotation. A rotary encoder 1025 provides absolute angle of rotation since this is required to determine the position of each sampled detector point in the final generated image.
The rotating X-ray beam produced by the source 1000 of FIG. 10 has good resolution in one dimension only. To improve spatial resolution in the perpendicular direction, a secondary collimator set is provided as shown in FIGS. 11a and 11b . Referring now to FIGS. 11a and 11b simultaneously, hoop-like collimators 1100 are placed around outer edge of the rotating collimator 1110 to provide collimation into beam width direction. Since in one embodiment transmission detectors are likely to be of a square section (such as detectors 835 of FIG. 8) and when combined with offset system geometry of the present invention (as discussed with reference to FIG. 5), use of a secondary beam width collimator 1110 allows a specific shape of beam to be produced which precisely follows the center line of the imaging detectors.
In an embodiment of the present invention, additional collimation is placed at transmission detectors to constrain the width of X-ray beam before it enters the detection material itself. This allows an image of arbitrary spatial resolution to be collected even if an actual X-ray beam passing through object is of lower intrinsic spatial resolution. The width of the X-ray beam passing through the object is kept as small as possible, but consistent with the final collimator slot width, in order to minimise dose to the object under inspection.
Each detector in the multi-view system is provided with readout electronics which biases the photodetector, buffers and amplifies output signal from the photodetector and digitizes the resulting signal. FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of photomultiplier tube circuit 1205 with buffer amplifier and high speed analogue-to-digital (ADC) converter 1210. Data from the ADC 1210 is transferred into a system controller circuit 1215 along with digital data from all of the other photodetectors (DET₁, DET₂, . . . , DET_(n)). The system controller 1215 also takes in encoder data 1220 from each of X-ray sources and provides motor drive signals 1225 to each X-ray source. Thus, the system controller 1215 coordinates data acquisition between each component of the detector system and generates an image data stream 1230 which provides data individually for each transmission and backscatter X-ray view.
A set of suitable sensors 1235 are used to measure speed of the vehicle or object under inspection as it passes through the inspection region. Suitable sensors comprise microwave radar cameras, scanning infra-red lasers or simply inductive sensors placed at known distance apart which can provide a measurement of speed (=distance/time) by comparing the times at which each sensor goes from false to true and vice versa as the vehicle scans past. This speed information, in one embodiment, is passed to the system controller 1215 which then adjusts collimator rotation speed, data acquisition rate and X-ray tube current to ensure a uniform dose per unit length of the object being scanned. By using a high speed ADC 1210, multiple samples are acquired at each transmission and backscatter source point so that an average value, or otherwise filtered value, is stored to improve signal-to-noise ratio of the imaging system.
The linear scanning velocity of X-ray beams across the face of a transmission imaging detector varies as a function of the distance from the source (i.e., more distant points suffer a faster linear scan rate). Therefore, in one embodiment, use of a high speed oversampling analogue-to-digital converter 1210 simplifies the adjustment of sample time to match the linear scanning velocity using, for example, encoder data 1220 to trigger the start of each sampling period, where the relevant encoder values are stored in a digital lookup table prior to the start of scanning. Sampling of data at a high speed allows for an improved de-convolution of the spatial resolution in the scanning direction by oversampling the measured data and generating a lower sample rate output image data compared to that which would be achieved by trying to de-convolve only a low sample rate image.
According to an embodiment, the system controller 1215 is advantageously designed using a combination of digital electronics, such as a field programmable gate array, and a microcontroller. The digital circuits provide precise timing that is required to build up a scanned image from multiple detectors and multiple encoders in an automated fashion, using only data from the encoders 1220 to coordinate activity. One or more microcontrollers provide system configuration capability, in-system programmability for field upgrade of firmware, and support for final data transmission process.
An embodiment utilizes a matrixed configuration where a set of ‘n’ multi-view imaging systems are monitored by a group of ‘m’ image inspectors. In this configuration, as shown in FIG. 13, each imaging system SYS₁, SYS₂, . . . , SYS_(n) is connected to a network 1315 which provides a database 1305 for storage and recall of all image data. A job scheduler 1310 keeps track of which systems are online and of which operators INSPECT₁, INSPECT₂, . . . INSPECT_(m) are available for inspection. Images from the database 1305 are transferred automatically to the next available inspector for review. Inspection results are passed back to the relevant imaging system which advantageously comprises traffic control measures to direct manual search of suspect vehicles or objects under inspection. System supervisor 1320 is, in one embodiment, a manager who can monitor the state of the imaging systems, monitor the efficiency of the operators and can double-check inspection results from inspectors.
FIG. 14 shows deployment of multi-view imaging system to scan cargo, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, comprising a gantry 1400 with main imaging system (such as the three-view system 400 of FIG. 4) at its center along with drive-up and drive-down ramps 1410, 1411 respectively provided to allow vehicles to pass through the centre of the inspection tunnel 1405. In an alternate embodiment, the gantry 1400 is provided with a conveyor to transport cargo through the inspection tunnel 1405. In one embodiment, suitable tunnel sizes are up to 800 mm×500 mm for small baggage, up to 1800 mm×1800 mm for packets and small cargo, up to 3000 mm×3000 mm for small vehicles and large cargo and up to 5500 mm×4000 mm for large vehicles and containerized cargo.
FIG. 15 shows deployment of multi-view imaging system to scan occupied vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, where vehicles in a multi-lane road 1500 approach a plurality of scanners 1505, one scanner per lane. Vehicles 1525 are scanned as they pass through respective scanners and approach a plurality of corresponding traffic control systems 1510 such as barrier or other suitable traffic control measures, including traffic lights. Decision results from image inspectors are passed automatically to these traffic control systems 1510 which then hold or divert traffic as necessary. In an example illustration, a holding area 1515 is shown with a vehicle 1520 parked therein as a result of an inspector/operator marking scanned image of the vehicle 1520 as suspicious.
In accordance with another aspect, the multi-view imaging system of the present invention is deployed in the form of a mobile inspection vehicle for rapid relocation to an inspection site. FIG. 16a shows mobile inspection system 1600 in its operating state ready for scanning. Vehicle 1605 carries an embodiment of a multi-view detection system, where a scanning tunnel 1610 is surrounded by a set of booms 1615, 1621, 1622.
An exemplary boom stow sequence is graphically illustrated using FIGS. 16b through 16g as follows:
FIG. 16b shows step 1650 comprising the folding up of vertical boom 1620 about a hinge point 1601 at the end of horizontal boom 1621. This can be achieved, for example, by using a hydraulic cylinder actuation although other mechanisms known to those of ordinary skill in the art may be considered such as pull wires and electronic drivers.
Step 1655, shown in FIG. 16c , comprises the simultaneous folding up of horizontal boom 1621 and vertical boom 1620 about a hinge point 1602 which is positioned at the top of vertical support boom 1622.
Step 1660, shown in FIG. 16d , comprises lowering vertical support boom 1622 toward the back of the vehicle 1605. Vertical support boom 1622 may be folded down to a steep angle to allow room for an operator inspection cabin to be co-located on the back of the vehicle. In another embodiment, vertical support boom 1622 may be folded down to be substantially parallel to the back platform of the vehicle to allow a compact system configuration which is advantageously developed to allow rapid re-location of systems using conventional air transportation.
Step 1665, shown in FIG. 16e , comprises folding up the base section 1625 of the imaging system by at least 90 degrees from its operating position. Thereafter, in step 1670, as shown in FIG. 16f , comprises folding the outer horizontal base section 1625 a of the main base section 1625 by 180 degrees so that it lies parallel to the inner base section 1625 b.
Finally, in step 1675, shown in FIG. 16g a complete folding of the base section occurs by a 90 degree rotation to complete system stow. The aforementioned steps, 1650 through 1675, for boom deployment to obtain operating state of FIG. 16a comprise boom stow steps in reverse sequence.
In alternate embodiments, the mobile inspection system 1600 is deployed with only the vertical and horizontal booms and not the lower imaging section. This gives dual view imaging capability in side-shooter configuration but no top-shooter view. In this mode, the system is capable of full drive-by scanning mode with an imaging configuration of at least one transmission view, with or without backscatter capability.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the many applications of the system of present invention. Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described herein, it should be understood that the present invention might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention may be modified within the scope of the appended claims.
We claim:
1. An X-ray inspection system for scanning an object, the inspection system comprising: at least two rotating X-ray sources configured to simultaneously emit rotating X-ray beams, each of said X-ray beams defining a transmission path; at least two detector arrays, wherein each of said at least two detector arrays is placed opposite one of the at least two X-ray sources to form a scanning area; and at least one controller for controlling each of the X-ray sources to scan the object in a coordinated manner, such that the X-ray beams of the at least two X-ray sources do not cross transmission paths.
2. The X-ray inspection system of claim 1, wherein each of the emitted X-ray beams is a pencil beam and wherein each X-ray source rotates over a predetermined angle of rotation.
3. The X-ray inspection system of claim 1, wherein each detector is a non-pixellated detector.
4. The X-ray inspection system of claims 1, wherein a first, a second and a third rotating X-ray sources are configured to simultaneously emit rotating X-ray beams, wherein the first X-ray source scans the object by starting at a substantially vertical position and moving in a clockwise manner; wherein the second X-ray source scans the object by starting at a substantially downward vertical position and moving in a clockwise manner; and wherein the third X-ray source scans the object by starting at a substantially horizontal position and moving in a clockwise manner.
5. The X-ray inspection system of claim 1, wherein the controller causes each X-ray source to begin scanning the object in a direction that does not overlap with an initial scanning direction of any of the remaining X-ray sources, thereby eliminating cross talk among the X-ray sources.
6. The X-ray inspection system of claim 1 wherein a plurality of scanned views of the object are collected simultaneously with each detector being irradiated by no more than one X-ray beam at any one time.
7. The X-ray inspection system of claim 1 wherein a volume of the detectors is independent of a number of scanned views of the object obtained.
8. The X-ray inspection system of claim 1 wherein the X-ray inspection system has an intrinsic spatial resolution and wherein said intrinsic spatial resolution is determined by a degree of collimation of an X-ray beam.
9. The X-ray inspection system of claim 1 wherein the one or more detectors comprise an array of scintillator detectors having one or more photomultiplier tubes emerging from an edge of the detector array to allow X-ray beams from adjacent X-ray sources to pass an unobstructed face of the detector array opposite to the photomultiplier tubes.
| 41,665 |
bpt6k557163n_2 | French-PD-Newspapers | Open Culture | Public Domain | null | Le Matin : derniers télégrammes de la nuit | None | French | Spoken | 7,524 | 12,639 | Il n'y a pas eu d'incident. UNE BELLE TRAVERSEE New-Yohk, 4 septembre. Le paquebot la Touraine, de la Compagnie générale transatlantique, est arrivé ce matin, à trois heures, accomplissant une des traversées les plus rapides entrelaFrance et les EtatsUnis. ̃̃̃ La durée du voyage a été de six jours vingt et une heures, ce qui représente une vitesse moyenne de dix-neuf noeuds un LES BIJOUX DU PRESIDENT Dû Figaro Le président de la République avait Coin' mande, avant de partir pour la Russie, quelques bijoux, décorés les uns d'une tête de République, les autres de la réduction des médailles portées en reliel' sur les bottes en or fin et les bonbonnières que nous avons décrites et qui ont été offertes,, à Peterhof et à Saint-Pétersbourg, à diverses personnes de, Ces bijoux, véritables petits chefs d'orfèvrerie, exécutés par le mime -artiste, sont de trois sortes épingles de cravate, boutons de manchettes et bagues: ̃' -Le président, qui en a distribué déjà quelques-uns, lesdestiné Il certains personnages officiels et à ses amis. Sur les' épinglesde cravate et les boutons de manchettes se détachent deux têtes de femme, l'une coiffée de la trabucoise russe, l'autre â la chevelure rclevée en bonnet phrygien et parée d'une guirlande de Meurs qui retombe sur l'épaule de sa compagne; au-dessus de chacune des deux têtes rayonne une La bague est à cachet pivotant, et sur l'une des facés du cachet est -gravée une tîte de République coitféc du bonnet phrygien et courounée d'une guirlande de biucts, marguerites et pavots, les trois couleurs françaises. LE FEU DU CIEL M.Emile Gautier, Pc lit' Journal, dit, à propos des forêts en feu • ̃ Le feu du c;el lui-méme n'est pas toujours étranger aux accidents de ce genre, Que la foudre tombe, par exemple, sur la haute cime d'un peuplier il peut n'en pas falloir davantage. i'uis il y a les étoiles filante.1; Ne riez pas, no criez pas trop tôt au paradoxe ni à l'invraisemblance Un savant tchèque des plus autorisés, M. Zenger, de l'université de Prague, bien connu pour la quasi-certitude (principalement basée sur l'observation des taches uu soleil) de ses prédictions météorologiques à jongue échéance, me faisait l'autre -jour, parlant à ma personne, l'honneur do me développer ex professo sa théorie, Les météorites, bolides et autres étoiles filantos ne sont autre chose que des débris d'astres disloqués, qui, lorsqu'ils passent à proximité de la Terre, sont violemment happés au vol par l'attraction de sa masse. Et, comme cette mitraille sidérale dont jes salves pénodiques sont particulièrement nourries à certaines époques, il. la mi-août, par exemple, et iL la mi-novembre est fortement chargée d'électricité, il peut s'ensuivre des jaillissements d'étincelles parfaitement capables de faire sauter une poudrière. ou d'incendier un taillis. Sans compter que le brusque frottement de l'air, au moment où ces éclats d'obus pônètrent dans l'atmosphère terrestre, peut sutlire à élever leur température jusqu'au rouge blanc, sinon même jusqu'au point de iusiou du fer. D'où les zébrures lumineuses, semblables à des rubans do feu, par lesquelles leur passage se manifeste à nos yeux. C'est dans ces phénomènes que M. Zenger voit la cause o-cculte de tant de sinistres inexpliquées, à commencer {peut-être) par celui dont la forêt do Fontainebleau vient d'être le théâtre, qui s'est justement produit après tant d'autres, au moment où, là-haut, les étoiles filtintes font rago. LE MUSEE DE L'ARMEE Du Figaro Le général Vanson, qui vient de rentrer à Paris, nous disait hier matin son intention d'ouvrir, avant la fin de l'année, deux nouvelles salles du musée de l'Armée, où le public. se presse chaque jour de visite par quinze cents à deux mille personnes. Encouragé par un tel enthousiasme et aussi par les envois de dons qui affluent nombreux dans ses bureaux, le général va faire aménager la seconde salle du rez-de-chaussée et l'une des salles du premier étage, la salle Ces aménagements entratneront quelques, remaniements dans la salle déjà ouverte qui sera exclusivement réservée à l'ancienne armée jusqu'en celle qui lui lait lace devant recevoir tout cc qui se rapporte à l'urmee de ta conquête de l'Algérie, des guerres du second Empire, des expéditions coloniales et de la campagne de 1S7O-71. La salle u'iiautpouJau premier étage sora la salle de la cavaleria, la salle Louvois sera réservéel'infanterie. Enfin, à l'étage .supérieur, dans les salles d'Assus et La l'our-d'Auvergno seront installées les collections de du génie et des armes spéciales et celles do la maison du roi et des gardes impériales. LES POUPEES DE M. FAURE M. Marcel Hutin, dans le Gaulois, conte cette anecdote sur le séjour du président en Itussie On-ne saurait imaginer le charme et la touchante simplicité que M.Félix Faure a. trouvés dans la vie de famille des souverains. Le. président de la République avait eu l'attention d'apporter à Peterhoff des cadeaux pour les petites' grandes-duchesses. Et, lu soir, après le dîner, uans un des salons des appartements int.mes des souverains, on aurait pu voir M. Félix Faure s'entretenant amicalement avec l'empereur, qui, négligemment assis à la turque sur un tapis, s'amusait follement, avec l'impératrice, à faire parier>les -aieryeilleuses poupées que le président avait apportées à la graude-ductresse Olga. Au cours d'un thé intime, la petite princesse n'a pas voulu quitter les genoux de..M. Félix Faure, à qui etle prodiguait ses caresses, et ii a fallu que l'impératrice l'arrachât pour ainsi dire de force pour permettre à M. iolix Faure d'aller voir les illuminations. Tous les jours également, le président allait embrasser ia petite graude-ducaesse l'atiana, que l'impératrice ailaite olleuiiôme. LE PONT ALE}<ANDRE-1II Du Figaro Les travaux du pont Alexandre-III avancent très rapidement, et,si l'on continue il. mar cher à cette allure sans être coutruriô par les, crues ou les intempéries, tout sera terminé de ce côté avant les délais fixés. On a terminé, hier, le boulonnage du caisson de la rive gauche, que l'on decalera et posera directement sur la sol, dès -demain, en même temps qu'on commencera il river à sa partie supérieure des hausses de six mètres. Le plafond du caisson de rive droite, au fond duquel plusieurs brigades d'ouvriers spéciaux travaillent aux afl'ouiilements, n'est p,us qu'à une vingtaine de centimètres du niveau de la Seine. Un cleve aussi sur ce caisson, depuis quelques jours, des -hausses qui, il. leur tour, disparaîtront dans le sol, où ces premières fondations atteindront, celte opéruiiija terminée, plus de dix mètres de profondeur. UN FOU A BICYCLETTE De Cannes au Vélo Un drame terrible de la folie s'est déroulé avant-hier aux environs de notre ville et a eu pour héros deux-cyclistes. Sur la route entre Chiani etCoccag!io'{Italie), deux docteurs, MM. Ueruusco et l'ambelll, de l'hôpital de Brescia, faisaient une promenade Tambelii avait à plusieurs reprises donné des signes d'aliénation mentaie et, depuis quelques mois seutement, guéri, avait repris ses occupations. Pendant la promenade, -T'ambelli pédalait derrière Cernusco, lorsque, soudain,*frappé de folie, il lui cria Toi aussi. tu es un ennemi Tu vas mourir 1 » Sortant alors un revolver de sa poche, il tira sur Cernusco. Celui-ci, n'étant pas atteint, descendit do machine, mais Tambelli continua tirer sur lui jusqu'à ce que deux balles, atteignant Cernuseo a la bouche et à la. tête, le t uerent net. Après le coup, Tambeili alla raconter son crime à la police, qui l'a, envoyé au Dépô t. PREMIERS-PARIS Le Figaro {éditorial) estime qu'àîaveillp des élections il faut mouvoir, promouvoir et émouvoir les préfets w. Quoi donc peut retarder le mouvement administratif? Ii parait que c'est la question du remplacement de M. Jules Cambon en qualité do gouverneur général de l'Algérie. Le Figaro conclut « Si le ministère était animé de l'esprit de décision, qui est la première des vertus de gouvernement, il se moquerait comme d'un fétu des intérêts de M. Jules Cambon, des calculs de M. Jules Cambon et de M. Jules Gambon lui-même. Il jugerait qu'ici la a compensation » n'est pas plus justifiable qu'elle ne l'était lorsqu'il s'agissait de H. Laroche revenant de Madagascar. Mais Cet esprit-là, qui do son vrai noms'appelle le courage, n'est pas, paratt-il, l'apanage des ministres qui défendent l'ordre social. Tant pis. Le Rappel [M., Lucien Victor-Meunier), à propos des grandes manoeuvres « Je suis tranquille. Pas plus cette fois que les autres on né « flanchera », et moins cette fois que les autre son sera. tenté de « flancher », car ils ont beau dire,, ceux qui nous font ce reproche stu'pôfianf d'avoir mis à nos fenêtres les drapeaux qui ont salué l'alliance « le jour anniversaire de la bataille de Sedan a ils ont beau -dire, les chagrins, tes mécontents, les jeteurs ,d'ean froide, un grand souffle, veuu d'en haut, a passé sur ce pays. La France, aujourd'hui, après. de si -longues années de deuil et de. tristesse, à recommencé à vivre, c'èst-à-dire recommencéil espérer. L'Intransigeant (if. ITem'i 'IiocJi efbr l) taiil la proposition suivante pour remédier à la cherté du pain • ̃•. « Ce n'est pas avec des dissertations qu'on rompt ra l'estomac du peuple. Son devoir comme son droit est, faut:) de pouvoiriobtenir l'abaissement du prix d.es farines, de travailler lui-même iL diminuer les frais da manutention. Nous avons en France nombre de fours militaires inemployés. Pourquoi des sec.êtés coopératives ne les réclamerai ent-el les pas pour la cuisson du pain des contribualles, puisque ce sont ceux-ci qui les ont payés? Pourquoi nos soldatseux-mêmes ne feraient-ils pas l'office de pétrisseurs, de mitrons et de boulangers? 11 serait logique,. puisque, selon Félix Faure,« là paix du monde » est assurée, qu'ils servissent à nourrir désormais la population parisienne, au lieu de la mitrailler comme ils l'ont fait en 1871. La Petite République ( Georges donne les conseils suivants, aux électeurs « Vous pouvez demandé il votre candidat du talent cela ne nuit pas, même à la Chambre. Mais considérez surtout sa vie entière voyez si soir passé répond cic son avenir, s'il a su mettre d'accord ses actes et ses paroles, et, le cas échéant, sacrifier son utilité à ses i-curlez sans hésiter celui qui se dit anticlérical en faisant élever ses enfants dans une maison reiig.euse ou celui qui, étant déjà votre député, a voté en l'espace do deux jours ou de deux mois pour et contre lomôme article de loi. Que ce soit indécision, faiblesse de vo.onté, changement intéressé, ces hommes-là sont de la graine de traîtres. » L'Autorité [M. P. On croit rêver en voyant de pareilles énormités à notre époque, en contemplant avec quelle aberration un gouvernement qui se dit uéuiocraiiqu'e sous une République maintient la législation draconienne du passé, qui jure avec tous les principes du droit commun et courbe les populations maritime sous un joug de fer. » La Lanterne (3f. Pierre Baudin) commente la déclaration faite, au congrès catholique de Fribourg, par Mgr Turinaz, qui a allirmé que le p.lpe est décidé à <t couper court » au socialisme chrétien. Les catholiques n'ont qu'à s'incliner devant l'invitation que leur transmettent les porto-paroles du pape. Elle fatt déjà liressentir un ordre plus catégorique, un désavcu pius vexatoire. Déjà ils pleurent l'hérésie. Qu'üs redeviennent catholiques tout court. Comme l'a lit l'abbé (àayraud dans ses remerciements à ses électeurs, quand on est catholique, on doit l'être avant tout. » « QUESTION DU BLE Les tarifs de transports. Nous avons publié, il y a quelques jours, une circulaire du ministre des travaux publics invitant les administrations des grandes compagnies de chemins de fer à lui présenter d'urgence des tarils provisoire réduits pour le transport des cereales, ces nouveaux tarifs étant destinés à atténuer, dans une mesure assez large, la hausse qui s'est produite sur les blés indigènes. jiu attendant que les grandes compagnies veuillent bien souscrire aux proposition de M. 'l'une!, voici la Compagnie' des chemins de l'état qui donne l'exemple d'u e réduction notable de ses tarifs de transports pour les bles, fariues, pommes de terre, avoines, seigle et autres céréales. A partir ci'hier, septembre, le réseau de l'Ltat a mis en vigueur un nouveau barème de tarifs pour les parcours excédant 3U0 kilomètres. oici les nouveaux chiffres, comparés avec les anciens FB.1% :PAR TONNE Anciens Nouveaux A 350 kilomètres. 10,90 10.15 A 400 10.90 A 450 13.9o ll-0j A 000 12.40 A 550 16.Vu A 000 13.90 Ces prix comprennent les frais de gare, le chargement et le déchargement etaut faits par les soins des intéressés. Les derniers renseignements parvenus au ministère de l'agriculture font prévoir que le déficit de la récolte du blé en France sera pius considérable encore que celui que l'on avait prévu. D'après les chiffres fournis par M. Méline au bureau du conseil municipal de Paris, le président du conseil évaluait que notre récolte serait de 85 à 90 millions d'hectolitres. a Le Nord, avait dit M. Méline, est satisfaisant. » Or, dans la régiou du nord, les deux départements du Pas-de-Calais et du Nord sont les seuls qui soient passables tous les autres sont médiocres, et nombreux saut les départements prouucteurs de blé où le déficit sera de à ou U/U. Ln résume, on va se trouver en présence d'uu^écolte qui va nécessiter do îiu à millions ue quintaux d'importations. Toutefois, on ne pense pas, au ministère de l'agriculture, pouvoir établir exactement le reiiueme:it de 1897, c'est-à-dire à un quintal près. avant, la tin du mois de décembre. Pour cela, il faut attendre tous les battages, et, dans. certaines régions, où les*machmes à vapeur sont peu nombreuses, cette opération cemande toujours-au moins trois mois. LE COMITE DE L'ALLIANCE Les deux monuments Sur la Seine et sur la Nova. Un comité vient de se former à Paris dit « comité de l'alliance M, qui a pour mission d'organiser une souscription nationale en vue d'élever les monuments jumeaux de Paliiance franco-russe, l'un à Paris, sur les bords de la Seine l'autre à Saint-Pétersbourg, sur les bords de la Neva les eaux des deux fleuve. devant se retrouver et s'unir, elles aussi, dans les mers du nord. Cette souscription, pour garder un caractère éminemment national, pourrait être la souscription des communes de France, à laquelle te joindraient les autres souscriptions collectives et individuelles. » J'ai la certitude, dit M. du Pasquier, le promoteur de l'idée, que cette proposition trouvera chez nos frères russes bien-aimés le plus vibrant écho et qu'ils seront heureux de foudre leur allégresse avec la nôtre dans le même moule. Le bronze qui en surgira sera fait de l'alliage le plus pur et le plus rare celui du coeur. de deux peuples. » Fièrement campé sur la rive du fleuve, à l'entrée du pont Alexandre-111, le monument de l'alliance serait, en 19UO, pour les nations venues à notre Exposition universelle, un sujet de graves méditations: elles songeraient, sans doute, en le voyant, que la Germania sur son socle de granit, n'a plus le môme air vainqueur et qu'elle est devenue pensive, elle aussi. Toutes les adhésions, tous les encouragements, tous les conseils seront accueillis avec reconnaissance au siège provisoire du comité d'initiative, 15, avenue Niel, chez M. C. du Pasquier. » Dans ce comité seront confondues, pour montrer l'unanimité absolue de notre sentiment, toutes les représentations sociales du pays, depuis son chef politique, qui en aura la présidence, jusqu'aux plus humbles Entre ces deux extrêmes vïètfdrpnt se-Tanger, pour collabajierà l'ceuvre de commune exultation, des démé%s de terre et de mer, de la magistrature, du clergé,, de la presse, des professions libérales, du commerce et de l'industrie. UN :DRAME EN MER On sait, d'après une dépêche expédiée de Buend's-Ayres à Boston, que le trois-mâts barque Olive-Pacher, parti de Boston, le juin dernier, avec unchargement de bois à destination de Buenos-Ayres, n'est jamais arrivé dans le port. fcjon capitaine". et le second ont été tués par les hommes de l'équipage,qui ont ensuite mis le feu au na-vire. On a reçu, depuis,quelques détails sur ce; drame. C'est à environ i'25 milles de la côte de l'Amérique du Sud qu'il a eu lieu. Un des hommes d'équipage, le nommé Lend, n'avait cessé de se plaindre depuis le commencement du voyage,et il avait réussi à provoquer un. certain mécontentement parmi ses compagnons.: les hommes se plaignaientd'avoirtropà travailler et d'être mal nourris. Pendant la nuit, Lend et un autre matéloT.doht on ne donne pas le nom, se sont introduits dans ia cabine où reposaient'le capitaine Whitmàu et le second Kaunders, et les ont assassinés dans leurs couchettes puis ils ont mis le feu dans la cale à l'airière. Les llammes avaient déjà envahi toute la goélette .quand les. deux misérables ont uouné l'aiarmeaux autres hommes de l'équipage, qui ù'o'ht eu que le temps de sauter dans une embarcation et de prendre le large. C'est alors gu'on s'est aperçu de la disparition du"capitaine et du second. Pendant les longues journées passées en mer il la recherche d'un port où aborder, les quatre matelots qui 'n'avaient pas trempé dans le meurtre ont, à force de questions, obligé Lend et son complice à avouer .leur crime. Quand, finalement, l'embarcation est arrivée à Bahia, le premier soin de ces quatre matelots a été de prévenir les autorites locales et le consul des Etats-Unis de ce qui s'était passé. Le consul a fait arrêter nonseulement les deux coupables, mais aussi les quatre autres matelots, et ils restez'out écroués à la prison de Bahia jusqu'à ce que le consul trouve une occasion pour les renvoyer à Boston, leur port d'attache. LA CRISE BULGARE Sofia, 4 septemhre. Il paraît maintenant certain que M.Théodoroff, ministre de la justice, sera chargé du portefeuille des finances, que M.ïotief, sera nommé ministre de la justice et que M. VelitciikofT aura le portefeuille du commerce. M. FEUX FAURE Le HAVRE, 4 septembre. Le président de la Piépubîique, accompagné de M. René Berge, est parti ce matin pour chasser chez son gendre, à Saint-Maurice d'Estelan. Il sera de retour ce soir, à six heures. DANS LE SUD-ALGÉRIEN ALGER, 4 septembre. Des renseignements puisés aux meilleures sources, il résuite qu'il n'y a pas eu de combat entre nos troupes et les Chambaas en avant du fort Mac-Manon. De plus, la situation dans l'extrême-sud n'a jamais été aussi calme. M. BOUREE Marseille, 4 septembre. Le ministre plénipotentiaire de France à Athènes, qui était de passage à Marseille, est parti ce matin, à huit heures quarante-cinq, pour Vichy. L'INSURRECTION CUBAINE' MADRID, 4 septembre. Le général Weyler est arrivé à la Havane après avoir parcouru presque tous les points do cette province sans rencontrer l'ennemi. CONGRÈS DE STATISTICIENS Saint-Pétersbourg, 4 septembre. La session de l'Institut international de statistique a été close aujourd'hui. La prochaino session aura lieu à Chriïtiania. LA REINE NATHALIE Biarritz, 4''septembre.-La reine Nathalie est arrivée, é onze heures, à sa résidence de Sacchino, près de Biarritz. Le roi Alexandre doit venir la rejoindre incessamment. PETITES NOUVELLES Les m inistres. Le général. Billot, accompagné de cinq g énéraux et de douze officiers do tout grade, est parti, hier matin, à sept heures, par train spécial, pour Arras, d'aù il se rendra aux grandes manœuvres du Nord. M. Rambaud, ministre de l'instruction publique, présidera, demain matin, lundi, a neuf heures et demie, au lycée Louis-le-Grand, l'ouverture du congrès des orientalistes. Demain, M. Barthou, ministre de l'intérieur, recevra'M. Pernette, secrétaire général de l'Union syndicale des cochers à Paris, qui lui demandera de faire lever toutes las contravent. ous infligées aux cochers parisiens pondant la voyage de M. Félix Faure en Hussie. ̃ M. lliuiutaux, ministre des affaires étrangères, se rendra jeudi au Havre pour prendre part a une partie de chasse à laquelle l'a invité le président de la République. La réception diplomatique do mercredi aura lieu comme il l'ordinaire. Hier matin a eu lieu, à dix heures, simultanément dans les temples de la rue do la Victoire, de la rue Butlaut, de ia rue Notre-Damc-de-Kazareth, de la rue des Tournoie J, de Neuilly, de Boulogne et au grand séminaire Israélite de la rue Vauquehn, le service d'actions de grâces ordonné par le consistoire dc la circonscription de Paris il l'occasion de l'heureuse issue du voyage du président de la Hé publique en Russie. Rue de la Victoire, en présence du baron Gustave de Rothschild, de nI. Rodrigues, du général Sec, M. Zadoc Kahn, grand-rabbin dc t'rance, a remercié le ciel de la protection accordée à la France. Empereur et bourreau. Kcindel, le fameux bourreau de Magdebourg. qui a présidé à plus deux cents exécutions capitales, vient de célébrer ses noces d'or. Au cours du festin, qui fut, parait-il; d'une gaieté folle, il a reçj la médaille d'argent matrimoniale accompagnée d'une lettre très cordiale du chef de cabi.net de l'empereur, M. von Lucanus, écrivant au nom du souverain. Voyez-vous M. Le Gall souhaitant bonne continuation s à M. Deibler au nom de M. liélix Faura ? Le colonel du génie Perboyre, de l'otat-major du gouvernement militaire de Paris, est nomme chef d'état-major du gouvernement militaire de Paris en remplacement du général de division Xisseyre, appelé à un comman Un x permis à conserver. Au cours du différend intervenu, l'an dernier, à Londres, entre les administrateurs du chemin de fer du Nord-Est et leurs ouvriers, lord James Hereford, choisi comme arbitre, donna par sa sentence également satisfaction aux administrateurs, aux actionnaires et aux ouvriers. En reconnaissance, il vient de lui être offert, au nom de tout le personnel, une plaque en or du format d'une carte de visite, assurant « freepass pëndant toute sa vie, au titulaire sur tout le réseau de la compagnie. La Bibliothèque nationale a profité de la onzième session du congrès des orientalistes pour exposer dans la galerie Mazarine ses plus remarquables documents sur l'Orient. On y voit, entre autres, le Kitab çalat et seouâ'i (livre des premières des heures), le premier ouvrage imprimé à Venise en caractères arabes, en lâlu la première grammaire arabe éditée eu France l'article au traité-» faiet en l'an 1601 entre Henrv le G rand' 'roy dé France otclè Navarre, et le'sultan Amat' empereur des -Turcs, par l'entremise de Messire François Savary^eigneur de Brèves, ara_bassadeurde,Sa Majesté la Porte dudit empereur » le catéchisme composc par ordre de Richelieu alors qu'il était évêque de traduit en arabe par le P. Juste de Beauvais, capucin; -le fameux.dic!;Jo.iinairo arabe. expliqué en turc, première production do l'imprimerie établie à ConstantinopU-par Zaidaga, flm.rdo Mehommet effondi; le plus vieux ̃maiiuscritindien connu, écrit sur écorce de bouléau, en caractère kharochlhi et trouvé en 189;) par la mission Dutreml do Rhins. D'autre part, le musée Guimet expose do très mtéressaiites collections relatives à l'art japonais, aux cérémouies parsis; aux fouilies d'Antinoé, ainsi que des objets rapportés do la Gappadoce, et la porte du stoupa do Son Cni, Je plus ancien monument d'art baudilAuque connu, reproduit grandeur nature dans la cour du musée. On est en train de reconstruire la rue du Four-Saiin-Goi-main. Une rue largi êt belie, aéréo va bientôt remplacer l'ancionue petite rue laide et malpropre qu'était, il y a peu de-temps encore, la rue du Four. Cette rue tenait son nom du four banal de l'abbaye de Suint-Gririnain des Prés, établi au coin d2 la rue Neuve-Guiliomin. Au seizième siècle, elle n'était pas encore pavée, ci, les habitants s'était plaints au prévôt de l'aris, ceci-ci condamna les religieux à donne:' satisfaction aux plqiguants. Un sait que la nom du «banal » était donne a des jours outousios habitants d'un quartier étaient tenus de faire cuire leur pain moyennant fïntrnce, et souspoinc d'amende s'ils commettaient une lafraction à ectts loi. Ce ne fut que sous Philippe-Auguste, on liÛO, queles boulangers purent s'établir, où bon leur semblait et que les habitants lurent exempts de cette contrainte absolument arbitraire. Mais, si l'on eu croit un chroniqueur de l'époque, cette réforme n'eut lieu que « pour ce que chacune des boulangers volait à monsleur le Roy neui sols trois deniers une obole u La mort d'une vieille femme vient de révéler l'existence, il Mayence, d'une nouvelle secte la « communauté apostolique ». Les pauvrets d'esprit qui en fout partie refusent tous secours de la médecine, prétextant que, seules, certaines meuneries peuvent guérir les malades. Une instruction a établi que les auotres de la secte nouvelles étaient un pharmaccen, un boucher, un cordonnier et un mitron.. La secte compte une soixantaine de membres,autrefois catholiques ou protestants. NÉCROLOGIE Le service anniversaire de la mort du comte de Paris sera célébré demain, luudi à Wëyibridge. On annonce la mort De Ni. Hattpn, le dernier survivant des sous-olficiers compromis daus le complot militaire de Strasbourg, en qui était âgé de quatre-vingt-quatorze ans, Et de AI. David lJovvell, gouverneur adjoint de la Banque d'Angleterre au temps de la crise Baring, eu qui contribua, en associant ses elforts à ceux du gouverneur Lidderdale, de lord Hotlisctiild et d'autres puissants financiers, à atténuer les cffets de cette catastrophe. TRIBUNAUX Obéissance aux réquisitions. Le tribunal de simple police de Paris, présidé par lf. Picot, iuge de paix du troisièrne arrondissement, a rendu, le -SJ5 août, un jugement sur l'applicatioa, assez rare de l'article 475, 12 du code pénal. Cet article punit d'une amende de 10 francs ceux qui, le pouvant, auront refusé ou négligé de prêter le secours dont ils auront été requis dans les circonstances d'accident, inondation, incendie ou autre caltamité, ainsi que dans le cas de brigaudage,, pillage, flagrant délit, clameur publique. Il n'y pas de doute sur l'obligation où est chaque citoyen, sous peine de conteravention, d'obéir à la réquisition de toute autorité compétente, de l'aider en cas d'inco.idie, inondation, etc.; mais l'insertion du mot flagrant délit dans l'énumération permet-elle à la police, sous la même sanction, de requérir l'aide des particuliers dans sa besogne dé tous les jours Le tribunal ne l'a pas pensé et a acquitté un garçon marchand de vin refusant à un gardien de la paix de lui prêter main-forte pour faire sortir de la boutique un individu en état d'ivresse qui l'outrageait. Voici quelques-uns des motifs du jugement Attendu que le flagrant délit est bien compris dans l'énumération de l'article § l:î, mais qu'il n'en résulte pas que. dans tous les cas de flagrant délit indistinctement 2t dans le service ordinaire et normal, dont ils sont exclusivement chargés, les agents puissant roquérir, sous peine de contravention, l'aid2 des particuliers, ce qui pourrait donner lieu de nombreux abus Attendu qu'on ne peut isoler l'expression « flagrant délit » de celles qui la précedent et la suivent « tumult2, naufrage, inondation, incendie et autre calamité, brigandage, pillage, clameur publique » Attendu qu'en les employant le législateur a entendu limiter la ilroit de réquisition aux cas graves et exceptionnels intéressant la sûreté publique où les agents de l'autorité ne sumosent plus « C'est une ressource suprême pour les seuls cas où il y a urgence et lorce majeure. IArrêtde cassation, Xi mars 18ifci. Cet arrêt dit expressément qu'il n'y a pas conteravention dans le fait de refuser son concours it un agent de police pour conduire ou lieu do sûreté un individu ivre qui lui résiste, espèce presque identique à celle actuelle); Attendu, que les circonstances d'urgencs, da força majeure ne se rencontrent pas dans la cause, etc. Voleur de bijoux. Le tribunal correctionneldu Havre a jugé le nommé Goguelat, un escroc arrêté ces temps derniers à Paris, rue du Bac, pour vol chez un bijoutier et qui était poursuivi au Havre pour faits analogues. Les débats ont révélé des détails assez curieux. C'est ainsi que Goguelat, qui se présentait à Paris sous le nom de Corval, ingénieur civil, appartient, en réaaité, fi • une famille noble. Son aïeul, le baron de Goguelat de Corval, faisait partie de la suite de Louis XVI et a notamment laissé un mémoire sur les événements du voyage du roi à Varennes. Goguelat est sorti de l'Ecole centrale avec le numéro 32; il fut admissible à l'Ecole de Saint-Cyr, mais la faiblesse de sa vue ne lui permit pas d'embrasser la carrière militaire. Depuis plusieurs années, ce déclassé na vivait que d'escroqueries. Il était en étal d'interdiction de séjour à la suite d'une condamnation à cinq ans de réclusion, lors* qu'il fut arrêté Paris, Goguelat, que défendait Me Henri Robert, a été condamné à deux ans de prison et i la peine de la relégation. CHANGES Du3 Change sur Londres à Rio, 8 –Change sur Londres a Valparaiso, 17 y/10. Du 4: Piastres Hong-Kong,4mois, 1.0. S/rf.. Tael Shanghaï, 4mois, 2.3. 5/8.. -Change Yokohama, 4 mois, 2. 0. 1/2. Change Singapour, 4 mois, 1.10 1/18. Change Pe. nang,4 mois, 1.10 1/16. Change Calcutta, 6 mois (transfert télégraphique), 1.3 Change Bombay, mois (transfert télégraphique), 1.3 7/8. Buonos-Ayres» LA TEMPÉRATURE Le baromètre continue à monter dans 1é sud-ouest de l'Europe. En France, on si. gnale des pluies dans toutes les régions, Le vent est assez fort sur toutes nos côtes, La température s'abaisse. Taenaométrs Baromètr* Samedi. 8 h. matin.. -Midi 761 4h.soir. 762 Minuit. i8> 763 Dimanche Sh.matin.. t2j» 766 Beau. AU PARQUET Paris, -4 septembre,. Pour la .première fois depuis longtemps, nos. rentes, arrêtées en Le comptant semb.e meilleur, et cette circonstance a redonné du ton au marché:'Les vendeurs ont jugé le moment bon pour l'aire vo.to-fuce, et ils se sont rachetés. Les fonds étrangers et les grandes valeurs internationales, qui n'atténuaient que l'amélioration du compartiment de nos rentes, ne sont naturellement pas restées en arrière du mouvement de reprise. La cote se présente ainsi tout entière en sensible amélioration. Le 3 reprend de 27 centimes, à lui (cours moyen du comptant, 104 10); le 3 1/2 est Les fonds brésiliens sont en hausse ainsi que les fonds russes. L'italien passe de GU. Le Turc C gagne 12 centimes, à 12, et ioTurc h, 15 centimes, à 22 82. L'Extérieure espagnole est ferme, à Lcs établissements de crédit ont des variations sans importance. Le Lyonnais est 2 IV. mieux, a 793, et la Banque de Paris, ainsi que in. Banque Internationale, '2 francs moins La hausse s'étend à tous les chemins. L'Est gagne :s francs le Lyon et le .Midi, francs Je Nord, 0 francs l'Urléans, 1') francs, et l'Ouest, 14 francs.. Les lluctuatior.s sont insignifiantes dans le groupes des valeurs industrielles. EN BANQUE Paris, i septembre. La fin de semaine est très bonrie. Et, bien que ia Bourse de Londres nous manque, ou à pou de chose près, nous montons, dans le compartiment des' mihes d'or, sur presque toute,la ligne. Sur la Goldllelds, Last Rand et la Hobinson Banking, on s'avance de 3 francs de 2 fer. r.ur ia Kobinson Randfontsin de 1 fr. 50 sur la Durban Hoodopoort Deep et la ¡tandl'on lein Estâtes de 1 fer. 25 sur la Gbartered et de 1 franc sur la l'erreim, la Geldônhuis et la ilobinson Gold. La Sheba est recherchée à 6S 50. Quant aux autres vaieurs sud -africaines, 'elles sont ou comme hier ou à pou de chose près, Le Rio-Tinto a eu de bonnes demandes qui l'ont fait progresser de G francs Tharsis, sans changement De Beors, eu bénéfice de 2 fr. 50; Chemins ottomans, 118 contre 117 ôO. Après trois heures, il se produit, sur quelques titres, un ires léger recul. Londres, 4 septembre. Par fit spécial. Séance courte et affaires nulles. Toutefois, c'est toujours la fermeté qui cstla note dominante. Comme variations, peu de chose à dire. La Ferreira gagne 1/4; la Crown lieef, la Nigel et la ltobiuson, 1/8; l'Angeio. la Bonanza, la City et la Randlontein, 1/lb. Presque pas de moins-values. Cependant, la Weininur tléchit de Pnmrose, Goldficlds et Ilobinson Handfùntein, 1/16 moins bien. Au dernier moment, on est calme. Or en barre, 77 1.11/4 à 77 111J2. l'iastte, Cape Copper, 2 7116. DERNIERS COURS DE LA BOURSE Extérieure.. C:2 East Kand.. 13J XurcD Builelsdorn. ii. ottomuna l>0û Kandfontein C0 Bio 586 Mozambique 47 50. 'Xharsis. 155 Ferreira Portugais, Traus. Ü. f Le Beeis. INFORMATIONS FINANCIÈRES La Situation monétaire a Londres. Argent-métal, 24 5/8 penca Roupies. 1 sà. ii 7/8 pence. Escompta hors banque, Canal.de Suez, Les recettes du 1" janvie au 3 septembre s'élèvent à 49.11O.UO0 francs contre u&,4lu,00Û francs en 189û. Primes fin courant. 3 0/0, 104 55 dont D0 italien, 94 et 95 05 donnât); Intérieure, K2 15/16 et dont 1 franc; 5/8 et dont 50; Turc D, et 23 dont 50; Banque Ottomane, 609 et 611 dont 10 Do Beers, 78U et dont 10; ltio-l'into, 590 dont 20. Nitrate Uallways. Les actionnaires sont convoqués on assemblée générale extraordinaire pour le 14 septembre courant avec l'ortiré du jour suivant a Recevoir la démission des administrateurs actuels, sauf le colonel Oidhain et M. do Burlet; éiro les administrateurs et décider, s'il y lieu, des Jonctions ultérieures de la commission d'investigation nommée par les actionnaires le 5 janvier 1897. » L'affermage des cheminsbrésiliens. On mande de Londres qu'un trnitô provisoire est intervenu entre les représentants financiers du gouvernement brésilien d'un coté et MM. Bothsomld frères, la Disconto Ges.berlinoiso et le Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris réunis. Ca traité serait relatif à l'affermage des chemins de fer de l'Etat brésilien sa uf ratitication du congrès brésilien. La Société fermière serait constituée au capital de H millions de livres de cette aliaire sei'aient réservés au groupe financier anglais, iiô 0/0 aux financiers français et les 0/u restants aux financiers allemands. Anaconda Cooper Mining Company. Les bénéfices pour l'année Unissant le 30 juin 1897 sont de.Dol. Moins les dépenses afférentes aucapitai. .Dol. 166:639 Ce qui laisse un solde net au «ompte de profits et perte de.Dol. 4.969.408 07 Los sommes dues aux banquiers ne s'élèvent plus qu'à 700.000 dollars environ. Compagnie du canai de Panama. H. Gautron, liquidateur de la Compagnie du canal de Panama, vient de présenter au tribunal civil de la Seine son cinquième rapport sur l'état do la liquidation. En voici Un résumô Les recettes nettes du 1" juillet 1895 au 31 dé£ombre 1896 se sont élevées à 3,410,ti9G francs. Parmi elles tigurent tes sommes versces par suite des transactions intervenues entre le mandataire judiciaire et le liquidateur, d'une part, et, d'autre part, Cornélius Herz, divers syndicataires et anciens administrateurs do l'ancienne compagnie, d'autre part. Cette somme, jointe au produit des lots que le sort a attribués à la liquidation, a permis au liquidateur d'opérer le versement complet du troisième quart sur les 15'à,307 actions de ïa Compagnie nouvelle qui appartiennent à la compagnie. En cj qui concerne la marche des travaux de la compagnie nouvelle, M. Gautron dit que les études semblent assez avancées pour que FEUILLETON DU « MATIN » DU 5 SEPTEMBRE 18iJ7 TROISIÈME PARTIE LES VINGT-HUIT JOURS DE LEfUCOlS vin LIQUIDATION DE SOCIÉTÉ {Suite.) Lorsque Agathe se réveilla, le lendemain matin, elle fut surprise de ne pas voir soa mari elle so rappela qu'il était sorti la veille. Qu'est-ce qui lui est arrivé? se demanda-t-elle. Elle eut peur un instant qu'il ne fût allé se jeter dans la Seine. Li lie se leva précipitamment et commença à s'habiller. Tout d'un coup, son nom, écrit de l'écriture de Lericois sur l'enveloppe, frappa ses regards. Qu'est-ce que c'est que çat dit-elle à haute voix en décachetant le pli. Et voici ce qu'elle lut: Agathe, u Tu avais raison de me dire que je ne Buis pas de taille à supporter les épreuves que ie traverse. Tout cela est beaucoup trop dur pour moi, et mes soutt'rances s'exaspèrent de la sérénité avec laquelle ttfles supportes. » Si je me sentais plaint par toi dos maux dont tu es seule cause, je me résignerais peut-être à souffrir encore en considération de l'amour profond et sincère que j'ai eu pour toi. Mais non: tu me railles, tu me méprises, tu m'en veux de n'être pas un criminel endurci, d'être accessible aux remords. tes points d,'interrqgation qui peuvent subsister encore :.rel*tivemeiit u, là jîréparatio.n ci'u-aju'gjet définitif d'exécution puissent être prô.cïiainemQnt soumis à la commission tech-nique spéciale prévue par rarUcJe--75 des ,statuts. A TRAVERS PARIS Par la fenêtre. Au cours d'un accès de fièvre chaude, le nommé Louis Briolel, âgé de quarante ans, mécanicien, demeurant 10, passage Brunoy, s'est précipité, hicr matin, d'une fenêtre du. cinquième étage dans la cour et s'est tué sur le coup. 11 laisse une veuve et trois enfants. l Suicide dans un hôpital. Une jeune femme de vingt-huit ans, Florida Périmony, demeurant i, passage de l'Elysée-des-Beaux-Arts, s'est suicidée hier matin, vers cinq heures, à l'hôpital de la Maternité, en se jetant dans la cour d'une fenêtre de la salle où elle était en traitement. Lx mort a été instantanée. Le père de la victime, qui habite Dampierre (Somme), a été aussitOt prévenu. La bando du Panthéon. Le cinquième arrondissement sert actuellement de champ d'opérations à toute une bande de cambrioleurs qui opèrent avec une audace inouïe. Dans la seule journée d'hier, ils ont enlevé pour 12,OU0 francs de bijoux, linge et' valeurs dans les logements ue MM. Boneni, Dormoy et Leduc, et 5,000 francs dans deux logements et six chambres de bonne, (il, boulevard de En plein jour. Une rixe s'est produite hier en plein jour, dans le jardin du Luxembourg. A quatre heures de l'après-midi, les nommés Ernest oeillet, âgé de vingt et un ans, Joseph Théniot, dix-huit ans, et Georges Moraud, dix-neuf ans, se prenaient de querelle. Soudain, Théniot tombait, frappé de deux coups de couteau à l'épaule et au côté droit. Le blessé a été transporté à l'hôpital Cochin. Veillet et Morand ont été arrêtes et envoyés au Dépôt par M. Lanet, commissaire de police. Mme R:jane volée. Une bien dé agréable surprise était réservée à Mme Réjane-Porel, l'éminente artiste du Vaudeville, en revendant de sa villégiature d'Heuneque ville. En l'absence de la comédienne, des malfaiteurs ont dérobé dans son appartement, fe5, avenue d'Antin, pour une dizaine de mille francs de bijoux enfermés dans un meuble. Mme Réjane croit que le vol a été commis par un des ouvriers qui ont travaillé à la réfection de l'appartement. Il faut avouer que la sympathique artiste a été d'une imprudence. Chasseur infidèle. Il ne s'agit point d'un disciple de saint Hubert. Vendredi soir, quelques instants avant la ferait, ture de l'établissement, le gérantdu café de la Place-Blanche confiait la clef de la caisse au chasseur de la maison, un nommé Claudo Tisserou. Lorsqu'il revint, le chasseur avait disparu avec les clefs et le contenu de la caisse, soit une somme de francs. Une plainte a été déposée contre Tisseron qui, espère-t-on, ne tardera pas: à être arrêté, car on possède des indices très sérieux sur l'endroit où il a pu se réfugier. Précoce vaurien. Le jeune Edouard L. âgé de treize ans; demeurant chez ses parents, rue du Faubourg-du-Temple, disparaissait le mois dernier et réintégrait le domicile paternel après une absence de près de huit jours. Eu rentrant, il raconta à ses parents qu'un homme l'avait emmené avec lui et l'avait caché dans une maison la campagne, à Montrouge, croyait-il. Puis il l'avait reconduit jusqu'aux Halles et l'avait laissé là en pleine nuit. Malgré l'invraisemblance du récit, les parents en firent part à M. Bottolier-Lasquiu, commissaire de police, qui interrogea l'enfa«t et ne tarda pas à s'apercevoir que le jeune chenapan mentait. Il tenta, mais en vain, d'obtenir la vérité. Hier soir, le jeune Edouard disparaissait de nouveau, mais cette fois en emportant quatre cent vingt francs, toutes les économies de ses parents. M. L. fait rechercher son fils; que des voisins ont VU;(,11 voiture avec -.un jeune vaurieu:du quartier. Agents trop curieux. Le préfet de police vient de prendre une mesure de rigueur à l'égard d'un certain nombre d'agents de la troisième brigade des recherches qui, le jour de la rentrée à Paris de M. le président de la République, avaient été spécialement chargés de surveiller la Madeleine et ses abords. Ils avaient pour consigne de-se tenir, les uns sur les marches, le long des grilles, d'autres sur les côtés, et cela sous la direction des brigadiers et sous-brigadiers de ce service. Tout avait été prévu pour no laisser aucun espace hors de la vue des agents. Aussi grand fut l'étonnement à la préfecture da police en apprenant qu'une bombe avait pu être posée et avait éclaté sous la colonnade sans que l'auteur du classique attentat fùt aperçu et arrêté. Une enquête fut ordonnée, et le service du contrôle apprit que les agents chargés de la surveillance do la partie de la Madeleine oùa éclaté l'engin s'étaient absentés pour voir passer 1Y1. Félix Faure. S'ils avaient été à leur poste au moment où l'en Je sens que désormais la vie telle qu'elle se présente pour nous est impossible à endurer. Je ne veux plus te faire de reproches. Comme tu le dis, je n'ai pas assez d'énergie pour lutter contre ton autorité, mais je n'ai pas assez d'indilïerencè pour subir les tortures auxquelles je suis » Est-ce ma faute ? Est-ce la tienne, si mon existence est devenue ce qu'elle est ? Je ne veux plus le savoir. » Tu as vu avec quelle rapidité ma colère s'est calmée tantôt. C'est que je venais de prendre une grande résolution sur laquelle je ne veux pas revenir, sur laquelle je suis sûr de ne pas revenir, puisque tu ne pourras pas la combattre: je pars, je m'éloigne de toi, je quitte la France. » Comme je ne suis plus assez jeune ni assez fort ni assez aventureux pour espérer conquérir une fortune par mes seules ressources, j'emporte cet argent maudit, cause de tous nos malheurs. Je veux le transformer, le purifier par mon travail et, au lieu de quelques billets do mille francs, j'espère avoir un jour, le plus tôt possible, une véritable fortune, bien à moi celle-là. » Dès que j'aurai retrouvé le calme, dès que j'aurais conquis une situation assez brillante pour que tu puisses désirer la partager, je t'en informerai. » Je te laisse, en attendant, de quoi parer aux plus pressantes nécessités. Pour le reste, je ne suis pas inquiet, puisque tu as les petites rentes de ton père, qui suffiront à vous faire vivre d'une façon convenable tous les deux. » J'ai pensé que c'était là. le parti le plus sage. Cet argent-là, vois-tu, c'aurait été toujours l'argent du père Galoche, jamais le mien. Sa possession m'a pourtant coûté assez cher » Tu auras sans doute un premier mouvement de colère en apprenant que je te dépouille ainsi. Je ne me flatte pas, hélas 1 que mon départ te cause des regrets pour d'autres motifs mais, en réiléchissant, tu reconnaîtras que j'agis sagement. En tout gin éclaté, il est'indubitable que l'auteur de cette stupide plaisanterie eût été arrêté. Le sous-brigadier qui avait la direction du service a été puni de quinze jours de mise 0 il pied,et les vingt hommes de la brigade ont eu chacun. une. mise à pied de huit jours. Puisse ce châtiment leur servir de leçon.! L'enfant du poste. Voilà un citoyen français qui pourra se vanter d'être venu aiûmonde dans do singulières circonstances1, Une dame LouiseQuertier, âgée de trentetrois ans, demeurant /i. passage de Flandre, se rendait, hier matin, vers huit heures, au poste de police de la rue de Tanger afin de se faire conduire à la Maternité. Pendant que les gardiens de la paix aNlaient prévenir les ambulances municipales, Mme Quertier donnait le jour à un superbe garçon, sur un lit de camp du poste. La mère et l'enfant, qui se portent bien, ont été conduits à l'hôpital Lariboisière. Est-ce lui? Un cadavre était retiré de la Seine, avanthier, vers quatre heures de l'après-midi, à la hauteur du pont d'Iena et transporté à la Morgue. Là. le greffier, M. Gaud, crut reconnaître, d'après les vêlements du noyé, que celui-ci était un marinier. Il supposa qu'il se trouvait en présence du corps de l'infortuné Guillaume Prota, appartenant' à i'équipage delà péniche Couvai) ause, coulée entre lés ponts de l'Arsenal et Notre-Dame dimanche dernier. M. jiiud convoquait donc pour hier matin une quarantaine de mariniers qui connaissaient Prota et les faisaitdétiler devant le cadavre, Une dizaine recoanuie.it formellement le noyé, dix autres affirmèrent que ce n'était pas lui, et les vingt dernier ne purent se prononcer. Lu présence du résutat négatif de ces multiples confrontations, il sera nécessaire d'attendre jusqu'à lundi, jour où bora renllouée la Courageuse, afin de savoir si le cadavre exposé à la Morgue est bien celui de Prota. Il se pourrait, en «ffêt, que le corps du malheureux marinier fût retrouvé dans la cabine de la péuiclre. Le'feu boulevard de Belleville. Les ateliers de M. Dubare, découpeur-estampeur, 43, boulevard do Belleville,. ont été complètement détruits, la nuit dernière, par un incendie d'une violence extrême. Les ateliers, qui sont situes au fond de la cour, étaient remplis d'un grand nombre de caisses vides. Aussi, lorsque le feu, qui venait de se déclarer dans un tas de vieux papiers, fee communiqua aux caisses, l'mcendie prit subitement une intensité inquiétante. Les voisins, réveillés en sursaut par les cris que poussaient les passants et à la vue des ilammes qui léchaient déjà les fenêtres des étages supérieur, sortirent, anolés, dans un costume des plus sommaires. Cependant, l'alarme avait éte donnée, et les pompiers de la rue de la Mare, de l'avenue Parmentier, de la caserne de ChâteauLandon et de la rue du Château-d'Eau arrivaient successivement sur les lieux. Les pompes furent mises en batterie, et des torrents d'eau furent jetés sur le foyer de l'incendie. Les immeubles voisins qui étaient menaces purent être préservés, et, après quatrè heures de travail, les pompiers étaient enfin maîtres du feu. Les ateliers de M. Dubare contenaient pour plus de 50,000 francs de marchandises. Les pertes sont couvertes par des assurances. | 32,162 |
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/258451 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Greenparker, Maximal, Xi'an, boyaronur, https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/137628, https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/157921, https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/31978, https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/7224 | English | Spoken | 816 | 1,473 | Metropolis sampling with different proposals
I implemented a metroplis sampler for a 1D gaussian mixture, the target distribution looks like this:
I use a 1D normal distribution as propsal, that is each candidate is sampled from a normal distribution centered around the last accepted sample with a certain standard deviation.
If I use a small variance for the proposal distribution my samples are distributed according to the target distribution although it takes a significant number of samples to achieve a good coverage.
If I increase the variance of the propsal distribution my acceptance ratio rapidly drops which was expected, but also my 10^6 samples are not distributed according to the target distribution. Especially the difference between the number of samples generated for each mode of the distribution vanishes:
I could see why this happens in the case for a proposal distribution with small variance but I don't really understand the behaviour of the sampler in the case for $\sigma = 10$ or $100$.
Could anyone explain this behaviour to me?
for i=1:n
while 1>0
candidate = normrnd(x_curr,sd_prop);
p_candidate = eval_mixture_pdf(candidate);
if p_candidate > p_curr || rand() < (p_candidate / p_curr)
samples(i) = candidate;
x_curr = candidate;
p_curr = p_candidate;
break;
end
end
end
In both cases, the convergence is slower, which means that 10⁶ iterations is presumably not sufficient to reach it.
I tried 10^8 iterations with $\sigma = 10$ and it doesn't chance anything (I can not attach a third image, sorry). Of course this does not proof that it's not due to the convergence but it definitely feels more like systematic bias ...
There is no mistake in your code if this is the MC core and there is no reason for "systematic bias" when running it...
@Maximal Have you tried overlaying the true density on the plots. In my experience, sometimes aspect ratios and perspectives play with our eyes.
I tried to replicate your results and here is what happened. I think I guessed the mixture distribution almost correctly:
$$.3* N(0, 2) + .7*N(10, 2)\,. $$
I implemented the scenarios that you demonstrate. Here are my various settings:
Monte Carlo samples of $N = 10^4$ and $N = 10^6$
Four $\sigma$s: .1, 1, 10, 100
Two starting values: 0 and 10
Here are the results from $N = 10^4$. Black line is the true density. Things are a little crazy here, but I don't see what you see.
Now here is the more stable $N = 10^6$. Again, I don't see what you see, and rather at $\sigma = .1$ things are a little weird, rest are all ok.
So I am not sure why you are seeing a weird behavior. It may be a starting value issue, but I doubt it. Your algorithm looks correct, so there might be a problem with how you're storing the Markov chain (maybe?). Here is the R code for these plots (that is the only language I know).
set.seed(100)
## Evaluates the mixture density
eval_dense <- function(x)
{
f_x <- .3*dnorm(x, mean = 0, sd = 2) + .7*dnorm(x, mean = 10, sd = 2)
return(f_x)
}
# Samples and plots
plot_MC <- function(sd, N = 1e6, start = 0)
{
out <- numeric(length = N)
accept <- 0
out[1] <- start
for(i in 2:N)
{
cand <- rnorm(1, mean = out[i-1], sd = sd)
# Calculate ratio
ratio <- eval_dense(cand)/eval_dense(out[i-1])
if(runif(1) < ratio)
{
out[i] <- cand
accept <- accept+1
}else{
out[i] <- out[i-1]
}
}
x <- seq(-10, 20, length = 10000)
truth <- eval_dense(x)
plot(x, truth, type = 'l',
main = paste("N =", N, ", Sigma = ", sd,", Accept = ", accept/N, ", Start = ", out[1]),
ylab = "density (red is MCMC)")
lines(density(out), col = "red")
}
png("mix_mh_4.png", height = 1000, width = 800)
par(mfrow = c(4,2))
plot_MC(sd = .1, start = 0, N = 1e4)
plot_MC(sd = .1, start = 10, N = 1e4)
plot_MC(sd = 1, start = 0, N = 1e4)
plot_MC(sd = 1, start = 10, N = 1e4)
plot_MC(sd = 10, start = 0, N = 1e4)
plot_MC(sd = 10, start = 10, N = 1e4)
plot_MC(sd = 100, start = 0, N = 1e4)
plot_MC(sd = 100, start = 10, N = 1e4)
dev.off()
png("mix_mh_6.png", height = 1000, width = 800)
par(mfrow = c(4,2))
plot_MC(sd = .1, start = 0)
plot_MC(sd = .1, start = 10)
plot_MC(sd = 1, start = 0)
plot_MC(sd = 1, start = 10)
plot_MC(sd = 10, start = 0)
plot_MC(sd = 10, start = 10)
plot_MC(sd = 100, start = 0)
plot_MC(sd = 100, start = 10)
dev.off()
hello from 4 years later! what would be a sensible approach to make the similar simulation using Gibbs Sampler? I am trying to sample from mixture of two bivariate normals where I know the mixture distribution similar to your answer above. I am having hard time to find the appropriate conditionals. Thanks!!
| 21,765 |
US-50863295-A_1 | USPTO | Open Government | Public Domain | 1,995 | None | None | English | Spoken | 7,117 | 9,897 | Fresnel lens and liquid crystal display device
ABSTRACT
A display device including liquid crystal display panels, arrays of convergently transmissive elements for forming an erect and real image, and fresnel lenses for magnifying the image. The configured surface of the fresnel lens is arranged on the light incident side. The configured surface includes periodic ridges with flat crests and inclined surfaces. Shading layers are provided on the flat crests to eliminate ghosts.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fresnel lens having a shading layerand a display device such as a liquid crystal display device includingmagnifying fresnel lenses.
2. Description of the Related Art
Liquid crystal display devices can have relatively thin structures andhave been used for many applications. Recently, projection type liquidcrystal display devices having larger screens have been developed. Atypical projection type liquid crystal display device includes aprojection lens which projects a magnified image onto a screen. Also,optical elements other than a projection lens can be used for magnifyingan image.
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 5-188340discloses a projection type liquid crystal display device includingliquid crystal display panels, fresnel lenses for magnifying imagesproduced by liquid crystal display panels, and a screen. In this case,the liquid crystal display device also includes arrays of convergentlytransmissive elements, and a screen. Each of the arrays of convergentlytransmissive elements is adapted to form an erect and real image havingan identical size to an object, and each of the fresnel lenses serves tomagnify the image from the array of convergently transmissive elements.
The convergently transmissive elements are made from plastic or glass inthe form of transparent rods having the diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm, sothat refractive index changes in each of the transparent rods in theradial direction thereof. By appropriately selecting the length and thedistribution of refractive index thereof, it is possible to use each ofthe convergently transmissive elements so that it can form an erect andreal image having an identical size to an object. A plurality ofconvergently transmissive elements are arranged in a close relationshipto each other with the end surfaces of the elements arranged in a lineor in a plane, to thereby form a row or an array of convergentlytransmissive elements. The array of convergently transmissive elementscan be used as an imaging device for producing an erect and real imagehaving an identical size to an object. The imaging device using thearray of convergently transmissive elements has advantages, comparedwith a usual spherical lens, in that a focal distance is very short andan optical performance is uniform in the line or plane so that anadjustment of the distance between the lenses is not necessary.
However, when the array of convergently transmissive elements is used asthe imaging device, it is not possible to change a magnification of theimage although it is possible for individual convergently transmissiveelements to be changed in magnification by changing the length of theelements. This is because magnified images produced by the individualconvergently transmissive elements are inconsistently superposed, one onanother, in the array and a normal image cannot be formed. Therefore,the array of convergently transmissive elements can be used only as afull size imaging device, and it is necessary to provide a magnifyingmeans in addition to the array of convergently transmissive elements.
Japanese Examined Patent publications (Kokoku) No. 58-33526 and No.61-12249 disclose an imaging device including an array of convergentlytransmissive elements and a convex lens or a concave lens as amagnifying means which is arranged on the inlet side or on the outletside of the array of convergently transmissive elements. The convex lensor the concave lens can be of a single lens or a composite lens of aplurality of lens components to realize a desired magnification.However, when this imaging device is used with a magnifying device in aLiquid crystal display device, a problem arises in that resolving powerof the lens changes from the central portion to the peripheral region.
It has been found that a good image is obtained if the resolving powerMTF is greater than 50 percent under the condition of 4 (1 p/mm) i.e., 4pairs of white and black spots per millimeter. However, it is generallydifficult to establish an image having, resolving power MTF greater than50 percent in the above described prior art. It is necessary that lightpasses through the peripheral region of the liquid crystal display panelat an angle of approximately 10 degrees relative to the normal line ofthe liquid crystal display panel in order to ensure resolving power MTFgreater than 50 percent. The smaller the angle at the peripheral regionis, the smaller the magnification of the device is. As a result, it isnot possible to realize a liquid crystal display device having a thinstructure if a convex lens or a concave lens is used with an array ofconvergently transmissive elements, although the array of convergentlytransmissive elements by itself can provide a liquid crystal displaydevice having a thin structure.
Accordingly, a magnifying element is desired which can be used with anarray of convergently transmissive elements and which can realize aliquid crystal display device having a thin structure. The use of afresnel lens with an array of convergently transmissive elements isdisclosed in the above described Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication(Kokai) No. 5-188340, but the manner in which the fresnel lens is usedis not described in this prior art. The inventors have recently foundthat a good result is obtained if a fresnel lens is used as a magnifyingelement.
Further, in a liquid crystal display device, there is a problem thatbrightness of an image on a peripheral region of the screen is reducedrelative to the brightness of the image on the central region of thescreen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a fresnel lensconstructed such that light is made incident to a configured surfacethereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a display devicehaving a thin structure by appropriately arranging a fresnel lens.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a display devicein which the brightness of a screen is improved.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided afresnel lens comprising a body having a flat surface and a configuredsurface with periodic ridges, each of the ridges including a flat crestextending generally parallel to the flat surface and at least oneinclined surface extending from the flat crest toward the flat surface,and a shading layer provided on the fiat crest of each of the ridges.
Preferably, the flat crests have varying widths depending on thepositions of the ridges. In this case, the at least one inclined surfacecomprises a main inclined surface arranged on one side of the flat crestand designed such that light is mainly incident to the body from themain inclined surface and a minor inclined surface arranged on the otherside of the flat crest from the main inclined surface.
Preferably, the width of the flat crest is determined by the followingrelationship: ##EQU1## where d is the width of the flat crest, p is thepitch of the ridges, r is the angle of a major light ray made incidentto the body from the main inclined surface relative to the axis, θ₁ isthe angle the main inclined surface relative to the flat surface, and θ₂is the angle of the minor inclined surface relative to the axis.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there isprovided a display device comprising at least one image modulator, anarray of convergently transmissive elements receiving light from said atleast one image modulator for forming an erect and real image, a fresnellens including a body having a flat surface and a configured surfacewith periodic ridges, the fresnel lens being arranged so that light ismade incident from the array of convergently transmissive elements tothe configured surface of the fresnel lens, and a screen receiving lightfrom said at least one image modulator via the array of convergentlytransmissive elements and the fresnel lens.
Preferably, each of the ridges includes a flat crest extending generallyparallel to the flat surface and at least one inclined surface extendingfrom the flat crest toward the flat surface, and a shading layer isprovided on the flat crest of each of the ridges.
Preferably, the flat crests have varying widths depending on thepositions of the ridges. Preferably, the at least one inclined surfacecomprises a main inclined surface arranged on one side of the flat crestand designed such that light is mainly incident to the body from themain inclined surface and a minor inclined surface arranged on the otherside of the flat crest from the main inclined surface.
Preferably, the at least one image modulator comprises a plurality ofliquid crystal display panels, and the array of convergentlytransmissive elements and the fresnel lens are arranged for every liquidcrystal display panel. Preferably, four sets of the liquid crystaldisplay panels, the arrays of convergently transmissive elements and thefresnel lenses are arranged, with each set arranged in respectivequarter portions in a rectangular region, the screen having a totaldisplay area four times greater than a display area necessary to receivean image from one set of the liquid crystal display panel, the array ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens.
Preferably, a partition is arranged on or near the screen between twoadjacent sets of the liquid crystal display panels, the arrays ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lenses for preventinglight from straying from one set into the adjacent set.
Preferably, the screen has a predetermined display area, and said atleast one image modulator has a main display area and a peripheralcompensating area arranged such that the main display area forms animage on the predetermined display area via the array of convergentlytransmissive elements and the fresnel lens and the peripheralcompensating area forms an image just outside the predetermined displayarea via the array of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnellens. Preferably, the peripheral compensating area of said at least oneimage modulator is controlled to provide an image which is generallyidentical to a portion of an image delivered from the main display areaof the at least one image modulator near the peripheral compensatingarea.
Preferably, between two adjacent liquid crystal display panels, saidperipheral compensating area of one liquid crystal display panel iscontrolled to provide an image which is generally identical to a portionof an image delivered from the main display area of the adjacent liquidcrystal display panel near the peripheral compensating area of said oneliquid crystal display panel.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there isProvided a display device comprising at least one image modulator,optical lens for magnifying an image output by said at least one imagemodulator, a screen for receiving an image from said at least one imagemodulator via said optical lens, the screen having a predetermineddisplay area, and said at least one image modulator has a main displayarea and a peripheral compensating area arranged such that the maindisplay area forms an image on the predetermined display area via saidoptical lens and the peripheral compensating area forms an image justoutside the predetermined display area via said optical lens.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will become more apparent from the followingdescription of the preferred embodiments, with reference to theaccompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display deviceaccording to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating the arrangement of four liquidcrystal display panels of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3A to 3C are views illustrating the feature of one of theconvergently transmissive elements of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the propagation of light in theconvergently transmissive element;
FIG. 5 is a view illustrating formation of an erect and real imagehaving an identical size to an object;
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic perspective view of an array of convergentlytransmissive elements of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a view illustrating the imaging surface and how the resolvingpower is reduced;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the fresnel lens of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a partial plan view of the fresnel lens of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the fresnel lens ofFIGS. 8 and 9;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional fresnel lens;
FIG. 12 is similar to FIG. 10, but includes several dimensionalcharacters for calculating the width of the shading layer on the flatcrest of the ridge of the configured surface of the fresnel lens;
FIG. 13 is a plan view of the modified liquid crystal display panels;
FIG. 14 is a view illustrating the pictures produced by the main displayarea and the peripheral compensating area of the liquid crystal displaypanel;
FIG. 15 is a view illustrating the image on the screen produced by twoadjacent liquid crystal display panels;
FIG. 16 is a view illustrating the pictures produced by the main displayarea and the image of the peripheral compensating area of the liquidcrystal display panel of FIG. 15;
FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystaldisplay device similar to the arrangement of FIG. 13;
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the course of lightemerging from the main display area and the peripheral compensating areato the screen;
FIG. 19 is a plan view illustrating an element of an image on a screen;
FIG. 20 is a plan view of several elements of an image on a screen; and
FIG. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIGS. 1 and 2 show the liquid crystal display device 10 according to thepresent invention. The liquid crystal display device 10 includes fourliquid crystal display panels 12 which are arranged in respectivequarter portions in a rectangular region. Each liquid crystal displaypanel 12 includes an effective display region 12a and a non-displayregion 12b around the effective display region 12a, the non-displayregion 12b being necessary for attaching a drive circuit or the like tothe panel for driving the liquid crystal in the panel. Therefore, animage is not formed on the non-display region 12b and a discontinuousimage is formed if four liquid crystal display panels 12 are directlyseen. The embodiment realizes a continuous multi-display fromdiscontinuous images from four liquid crystal display panels 12, byproviding a magnifying element.
In FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device 10 includes a backlight 14on the rear side of the panels 12, and arrays 16 of convergentlytransmissive elements on the front side of the respective panels 12. Thearea of each of the arrays 16 of convergently transmissive elements islarger than the area of the effective display region 12a, but smallerthan the total area of the panel 12 including the non-display region12b. Each array 16 of convergently transmissive elements can form anerect and real image having an identical size to an object, i.e., animage produced by the liquid crystal display panel 12.
The liquid crystal display device 10 includes fresnel lenses 18 on theoutput side of the arrays 16 of convergently transmissive elements,respectively. Each fresnel lens 18 includes a transparent body having aflat surface 18a and a configured surface 18b, in a saw-shape incross-section, with concentrically periodic ridges 19, as shown in FIGS.8 and 9. In the present invention, the fresnel lens 18 is arranged suchthat light is mainly incident onto the configured surface 18b of thefresnel lens 18. In the arrangement of FIG. 1, the configured surface18b faces the array 16. The flat surface 18a is thus arranged on thelight emerging side.
The liquid crystal display device 10 also includes a screen 22 having ascreen fresnel lens 20 on the front side of the fresnel lenses 18. Lightbeams emerging from the fresnel lenses 18 divergently travel toward thescreen 22 so that light beams emerging from the adjacent fresnel lenses18 meet on the screen 22 without a discontinuity. Therefore, thenon-display regions 12b of the liquid crystal display panels 12 cannotbe seen by a person watching the screen 22. The liquid crystal displaypanels 12 are one example of an image modulating means, and other typesof image modulating means, which merge light, can be used.
The array 16 comprises a plurality of convergently transmissive elements16a and the features of one of the convergently transmissive elements16a is shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C. The convergently transmissive element16a is made from plastic or glass in the form of transparent rod havingthe diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm. The refractive index of the element 16achanges in the body thereof in the radial direction, as shown in FIG.3C. The distribution of refractive index n(r) is represented by thefollowing quadratic function
n(r)=n.sub.0 (1-g.sup.2 r.sup.2 /2)
where r is the distance from the vertical axis, n_(O) is refractiveindex on the vertical axis, and g is a distribution constant of therefractive index.
Light enters the convergently transmissive element 16a from its endsurface and is bent toward a portion thereof at which refractive indexis higher while light passes through the convergently transmissiveelement 16a, so that light travels along a periodically snaked course,as shown in FIG. 4. The cycle P is expressed by P=2π/g. If the length Zof the convergently transmissive element 16a is selected from therelationship of P/2<Z<3P/4, an erect and real image having an identicalsize to an object can be formed, as shown in FIG. 5. The distance L isthe distance between the object and the image.
FIG. 6 shows that the convergently transmissive elements 16a arearranged in a close relationship to each other with the end surfacesthereof arranged in a line or in a plane, to thereby form the array 16.An erect and real image having an identical size to an object can beformed by the array 16. The imaging device using the array 16 ofconvergently transmissive elements 16a offers advantages in that a focaldistance is very short, and the optical performance is uniform in theline or plane. However, it is not possible for the array 16 ofconvergently transmissive elements 16a to change the magnification ofthe image relative to an object, although it is possible for individualconvergently transmissive elements 16a to change the magnification ifthe length of the elements 16 is changed. This is because magnifiedimages formed by the individual convergently transmissive elements 16aare inconsistently superposed one on another in the array 16 and anormal image is not formed in the array 16. Therefore, the array 16 ofconvergently transmissive elements 16a can be used only as a full sizeimaging device, and the fresnel lenses 18 are used as a magnifyingmeans.
In the embodiment, the area of the effective region 12a of the liquidcrystal display panel 12 is 211.2 mm×158.4 mm, and the requiredmagnification (a value of the sum of the area of the effective region12a and the area of the ineffective region 12 divided by the area of theeffective region 12a) is 1.09. Regarding the convergently transmissiveelements 16a, the refractive index n is 1.507, the distribution constantof refractive index g is 0.1847, the length Z is 18.89 mm, and thediameter is 1.18 mm. The magnifying fresnel lens 18 is made from acrylhaving refractive index of 1.494 and has a radius of curvature in whichthe central curvature (cuy) is -0.00813668, the secondary constant is-0.775202×10⁻⁸, the tertiary constant is 0.318549×10⁻¹³, the quarticconstant is -0.720974×10⁻¹⁹, and the quintic constant is-0.717576×10⁻²⁵. The angle (AEP) of light emerging from the outermostperipheral position of the fresnel lens 18 relative to the normal lineof the fresnel lens 18 is 28.3 degrees. The screen fresnel lens 20serves to convert light beams emerging from the magnifying fresnel lens18 with a variety of angles into parallel light beams, and is made fromMS having refractive index of 1.537. The resolving power MTF in thisexample is shown in the following table.
______________________________________ MTF (%) AEP (°) 2 (1 p/mm) 4 (1 p/mm) ______________________________________ 28.3 89.7 64.0 ______________________________________
In the further embodiment, the shape of the configured surface 18b ofthe fresnel lens 18 is changed so that the angle (AEP) of light emergingfrom the outermost peripheral position of the fresnel lens 18 ischanged. The resolving power MTF is examined while changing the angle(AEP). In this example, the refractive index n of the convergentlytransmissive elements 16a is 1.505, the distribution constant of therefractive index g is 0.1847, the length Z is 18.895 mm, and thedistance L is 20 mm. The thickness of the fresnel lens 18 is 2 mm andrefractive index is 1.494. The fresnel lens 18 is arranged to contactthe array 16 of convergently transmissive elements 16a. In thisarrangement, the curvature of the fresnel lens 18 is set in a parabolicshape so that a light beam (referred to as the main light beam) parallelto the optical axis of the fresnel lens 18 emerges from the outermostperipheral position of the fresnel lens 18 at an angle (AEP), and thefocal point is at a position on a line passing through the center of thefresnel lens 18. The resolving power MTF in this example is shown in thefollowing table. It should be noted that the configured surface 18b ison the light incident side and the flat surface 18a is on the lightemerging side.
______________________________________ MTF (%) AEP (°) 2 (1 p/mm) 4 (1 p/mm) ______________________________________ 10 99.7 98.9 20 98.1 92.7 30 88.7 61.1 40 88.9 61.5 ______________________________________
As will be understood from this table, the obtained values for MTF aresatisfactory even at an angle (AEP) of 40 degrees. Note that this resultis obtained in an arrangement where the configured surface 18b is on thelight incident side and the flat surface 18a is on the light emergingside.
It can be said that an image is formed substantially in a plane,however, the imaging surface is somewhat curved. Therefore, if the focalpoint is at a position on a line passing through the center of thefresnel lens 18, a value for MTF at a peripheral position may bereduced. In the above table, the values for MTF at the angles (AEP) of10 to 30 degrees are obtained when the focal point is at a position on aline passing through the center of the fresnel lens 18, but the valuefor MTF at the angle (AEP) of 40 degrees is obtained when the focalpoint is adjusted so that a value for MTF at the center of the fresnellens 18 is identical to a value for MTF at the outermost peripheralposition of the fresnel lens 18.
The following table shows the result of a test regarding resolving powerMTF obtained when the flat surface 18a is on the light incident side andthe configured surface 18b is on the light emerging side and the otherconditions are similar to those of the above example. This result shouldbe compared with resolving force MTF obtained when the configuredsurface 18b is on the light incident side and the flat surface 18a is onthe light emerging side.
______________________________________ MTF (%) AEP (°) 2 (1 p/mm) 4 (1 p/mm) ______________________________________ 10 95.8 84.0 12 90.8 65.0 13 86.9 55.4 14 81.6 41.5 15 76.1 28.8 20 26.6 5.5 ______________________________________
According to an estimation by observing the screen, it has been foundthat a produced image is good when a value for MTF is greater than 50percent under the condition of 4 (1 p/mm). Therefore, in thiscomparative test, it can be said that an angle (AEP) equal to or lowerthan 13 degrees is satisfactory but the curvature of the fresnel lens islimited to this extent.
The inventors further tried to analyze the reason why the resolvingpower MTF is reduced when the flat surface 18a is on the light incidentside and the configured surface 18b is on the light emerging side.
As shown in FIG. 7, it has been found that the focal length of thefresnel lens 18 becomes shorter as the position is displaced from thecenter of the fresnel lens 18 to the periphery thereof, and an imagingsurface is distorted relative to the screen 22 as shown by the brokenline F. In FIG. 7, the array 16 of the convergently transmissiveelements 16a and the fresnel lens 18 are shown, but the fresnel lens 18is arranged such that the configured surface 18b is on the lightemerging side.
In the analysis of the distorted imaging surface, the angle (AIM)between light beams 30 and 31 which are inclined to the main light beamon either side of the main light beam at identical angles relative tothe main light beam is noted. The angle (AIM) between light beams 30 and31 becomes smaller when light is made incident to the fresnel lens 18,and the angle (AIM) becomes greater when light emerges from the fresnellens 18, regardless of which surface is on the light incident side. Thistendency is stronger as the angle between the incident or merging lightand the incident or emerging surface becomes greater, that is, thistendency is stronger with respect to the configured surface 18b.Therefore, the angle (AIM) between light beams 30 and 31 becomes greaterin the arrangement where light emerges from the configured surface 18b,and an image is formed far from the screen 22 as the angle (AIM) becomesgreater, with the result that resolving power MTF is reduced. The angle(AIM) does not become so greater in the arrangement where light emergesfrom the flat surface 18a, and in this case, it is possible to form animage on the screen 22.
FIG. 10 shows the details of the fresnel lens 18 of FIG. 1. As describedabove, the fresnel lens 18 has the flat surface 18a and the configuredsurface 18b with concentrically periodic ridges 19. Each of the ridges19 includes a flat; crest 19a extending generally parallel to the flatsurface 18a and an inclined surface 19b extending from the flat crest19a toward the flat surface 18a. A minor surface 19c which isperpendicular to the flat surface 18a in FIG. 10 is arranged on theopposite side of the flat crest 19a from the inclined surface 19b. Ashading layer 19d is provided on the flat crest 19a of each of theridges 19. The shading layer 19d can be easily formed by printing sincethe flat crest 19a is parallel to the flat surface 18a.
FIG. 11 shows a conventional fresnel lens 18 having ridges 19. It willbe understood that the flat crest 19a of FIG. 10 is formed by cuttingthe apex of the ridge 19 of FIG. 10. In the conventional fresnel lens 18shown in FIG. 10, there is a problem of a straying beam inducing aghost. That is, if light S is made incident to the inclined surface 19bat a position near the surface 19c, light S is reflected by the minorsurface 19c and changes its course in an uncontrolled direction tothereby induce a ghost. The shading layer 19d is provided to solve thisproblem.
As will be understood from FIG. 8, the shape or the slope of the ridges19 changes depending on the positions of the ridges 19, and it ispreferable that the flat crests 19d have varying widths depending on thepositions of the ridges 19.
As shown in FIG. 12, the surface 19c may be inclined relative to theflat surface 18a for the reason of fabrication of the fresnel lens 18.As will be apparent, the main inclined surface 19b arranged on one sideof the flat crest 19a is designed such that light is mainly incident tothe body of the fresnel lens 18 from the main inclined surface 19b, andthe minor inclined surface 19c is arranged on the other side of the flatcrest 19a from the main inclined surface 19b.
Preferably, the width of the flat crest 19a is determined by thefollowing relationship: ##EQU2## where d is the width of the flat crest19a, p is the pitch of the ridges 19, r is the angle of a major lightray made incident to the body from the main inclined surface 19arelative to the axis, θ₁ is the angle the main inclined surface 19brelative to the flat surface 18a, and θ₂ is the angle of the minorinclined surface 19c relative to the axis of the fresnel lens 18.
FIGS. 13, 17 and 18 show the modified liquid crystal display device 10,which includes four sets of the liquid crystal display panels 12, thearrays 16 of convergently transmissive elements 16a and the fresnellenses 18, and a screen 22. The four sets are arranged in respectivequarter portions in a rectangular region. The screen 22 has a totaldisplay area four times greater than a predetermined display area 22pnecessary to receive an image from one set of the liquid crystal displaypanel 12, the array 16 of convergently transmissive elements and thefresnel lens 18. That is, the screen 22 has a predetermined display area22p for each of the liquid crystal display panel 12.
A partition 26 is arranged on or near the screen 22 between two adjacentsets of the liquid crystal display panels 12, the arrays 16 ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lenses 18 forpreventing light from straying from one set into the adjacent set.
Each liquid crystal display panel 12 includes an effective displayregion 12a and a non-display region 12b around the effective displayregion 12a, as described with reference to FIG. 2. The effective displayregion 12a is further divided into a main display area 12x and aperipheral compensating area 12y. The main display area 12x forms animage on the predetermined display area 22p via the array 16 ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens 18. Theperipheral compensating area 12y forms an image just outside thepredetermined display area 22p via the array 16 of convergentlytransmissive elements and the fresnel lens 18. That is, the peripheralcompensating area 12y does not contribute to the formation of the actualimage on the screen 22, but compensates for a loss in brightness in theperipheral region of the liquid crystal display panel 12. As an example,the effective display region 12a includes 640×480 pixels, and the maindisplay area 12x includes 620×465 pixels.
As shown in FIG. 14, the peripheral compensating area 12y of the liquidcrystal display panel 12 is controlled to provide an image I₁ which isgenerally identical to a portion I₁ of an image delivered from the maindisplay area 12x of the liquid crystal display panel 12 near theperipheral compensating area 12y.
As alternatively shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the peripheral compensatingarea 12y of the liquid crystal display panel 12 is controlled to providean image I₂ which is generally identical to a portion I₂ of an imagedelivered from the main display area 12x of the adjacent liquid crystaldisplay panel 12 near the peripheral compensating area 12y of said oneliquid crystal display panel 12.
FIG. 19 shows an element 50 of an image on a screen 22. The element 50should be a point at which several light beams are focussed, but infact, light beams may scatter to a certain region 51 due to anaberration of the magnifying fresnel lens 18. Therefore, brightness ofthe element 50 may be reduced. FIG. 20 shows several elements 50, 50a,50b, 50c, and 50d, with their scattering regions 51, 51a, 51b, 51c, and51d. The element 50 receives light from the other elements 50a, 50b,50c, and 50d and brightness of the element 50 may be compensated to someextent. FIG. 21 shows a peripheral portion of the screen 22 when theperipheral compensating area 12y is not provided. There are severalelements 50, 50a, 50b, 50c, and 50d, with their scattering regions 51,51a, 51b, 51c, and 51d on the peripheral portion of the screen 22, butbrightness of these elements may not be compensated since there are notsurplus light components outside the predetermined display area 22p.
As shown in FIG. 18, the peripheral compensating area 12y produces lightoutside the predetermined display area 22p and does not contribute tothe formation of an actual image, but light emerged from the peripheralcompensating area 12y may include scattered light components whichcompensate for the reduced brightness on the peripheral portion of thescreen 22.
We claim:
1. A fresnel lens comprising a body having a flat surface anda configured surface with periodic ridges;each of the ridges including aflat crest extending generally parallel to the flat surface and at leastone inclined surface extending from the flat crest toward the flatsurface, wherein the flat crests have varying widths depending on thepositions of the ridges; and a shading layer provided on the flat crestof each of the layers.
2. A fresnel lens according to claim 1, whereinthe at least one inclined surface comprises a main inclined surfacearranged on one side of the flat crest and a minor inclined surfacearranged on the other side of the flat crest from the main inclinedsurface.
3. A fresnel lens according to claim 2, wherein the width ofthe flat crest is determined by the following relationship: ##EQU3##where d is the width of the flat crest, p is the pitch of the ridges, ris the angle of a major light ray made incident to the body from themain inclined surface relative to the axis, θ₁ is the angle the maininclined surface relative to the flat surface, and θ₂ is the angle ofthe minor inclined surface relative to the axis.
4. A display devicecomprising:at least one image modulator; an array of convergentlytransmissive elements receiving light from said at least one imagemodulator for forming an erect and real image; a fresnel lens includinga body having a flat surface and a configured surface with periodicridges, the fresnel lens being arranged so that light is made incidentfrom the array of convergently transmissive elements to the configuredsurface of the fresnel lens; a screen receiving light from said at leastone image modulator via the array of convergently transmissive elementsand the fresnel lens; and wherein an angle (AEP) of light emerging froman outermost portion of the fresnel lens relative to a line normal tothe fresnel lens is in a range of between approximately 13 and 40degrees.
5. A display device according to claim 4, wherein each of theridges includes a flat crest extending generally parallel to the flatsurface and at least one inclined surface extending from the flat cresttoward the flat surface, and a shading layer is provided on the flatcrest of each of the ridges.
6. A display device according to claim 5,wherein the flat crests have varying widths depending on the positionsof the ridges.
7. A display device according to claim 6, wherein the atleast one inclined surface comprises a main inclined surface arranged onone side of the flat crest and designed such that light is mainlyincident to the body from the main inclined surface, and a minorinclined surface arranged on the other side of the flat crest from themain inclined surface.
8. A display device according to claim 7, whereinthe width of the flat crest is determined by the following relationship:##EQU4## where d is the width of the flat crest, p is the pitch of theridges, r is the angle of a major light ray made incident to the bodyfrom the main inclined surface relative to the axis, θ₁ is the angle ofthe main inclined surface relative to the flat surface, and θ₂ is theangle of the minor inclined surface relative to the axis.
9. A displaydevice according to claim 4, wherein said at least one image modulatorcomprises a plurality of liquid crystal display panels, and the array ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens are arranged forevery liquid crystal display panel.
10. A display device according toclaim 9, wherein four sets of the liquid crystal display panels, thearrays of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lenses arearranged, with each set arranged in respective quarter portions in arectangular region, the screen having a total display area four timesgreater than the display area necessary to receive an image from one setof the liquid crystal display panel, the array of convergentlytransmissive elements and the fresnel lens.
11. A display deviceaccording to claim 10, wherein a partition is arranged on or near thescreen between two adjacent sets of the liquid crystal display panels,the arrays of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lenses;whereby the partition prevents light from straying from one set into anadjacent set.
12. A display device according to claim 4, wherein thescreen has a predetermined display area, and said at least one imagemodulator has a main display area and a peripheral compensating areaarranged such that the main display area forms an image on thepredetermined display area via the array of convergently transmissiveelements and the fresnel lens and the peripheral compensating area formsan image just outside the predetermined display area via the array ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens.
13. A displaydevice according to claim 12, wherein said peripheral compensating areaof said at least one image modulator is controlled to provide an imagewhich is generally identical to a portion of an image delivered from themain display area of the at least one image modulator near theperipheral compensating area.
14. A display device according to claim12, wherein said at least one image modulating means comprises aplurality of liquid crystal display panels, and the array ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens are arranged forevery liquid crystal display panel.
15. A display device according toclaim 14, wherein four sets of the liquid crystal display panels, thearrays of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lenses arearranged, with each set arranged in respective quarter portions in arectangular region, the screen having a total display area four timesgreater than a display area necessary to receive an image from one setof the liquid crystal display panel, the array of convergentlytransmissive elements and the fresnel lens.
16. A display deviceaccording to claim 15, wherein a partition is arranged on or near thescreen between two adjacent sets of the liquid crystal display panels,the arrays of convergently transmissive elements, and the fresnellenses, for preventing light from straying from one set into theadjacent set.
17. A display device according to claim 14, whereinbetween two adjacent liquid crystal display panels, said peripheralcompensating area of one liquid crystal display panel is controlled toprovide an image which is generally identical to a portion of an imagedelivered from the main display area of the adjacent liquid crystaldisplay panel near the peripheral compensating area of said one liquidcrystal display panel.
18. A display device comprising:at least oneimage modulator; optical lens for magnifying an image output by said atleast one image modulator; a screen for receiving an image from said atleast one image modulator via said optical lens; and the screen has apredetermined display area, and said at least one image modulator has amain display area and a peripheral compensating area arranged such thatthe main display area forms an image on the predetermined display areavia said optical lens and the peripheral compensating area forms animage just outside the predetermined display area via said optical lens.19. A display device according to claim 18, wherein said at least oneimage modulator comprises a plurality of liquid crystal display panels,and the array of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lensare arranged for every liquid crystal display panel.
20. A displaydevice comprising:at least one image modulator; an array of convergentlytransmissive elements receiving light from said at least one imagemodulator for forming an erect and real image; a fresnel lens includinga body having a flat surface and a configured surface with periodicridges, wherein each of the ridges includes a flat crest extendinggenerally parallel to the flat surface and at least one inclined surfaceextending from the flat crest toward the crest of each of the ridges,and the fresnel lens being arranged so that light is made incident fromthe array of convergently transmissive elements to the configuredsurface of the fresnel lens, further wherein the flat crests havevarying widths depending on the positions of the ridges; and a screenreceiving light from said at least one image modulator via the array ofconvergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens.
21. A displaydevice according to claim 20, wherein the at least one inclined surfacecomprises a main inclined surface arranged on one side of the flat crestand designed such that light is mainly incident to the body from themain inclined surface, and a minor inclined surface arranged on theother side of the flat crest from the main inclined surface.
22. Adisplay device according to claim 21, wherein the width of the flatcrest is determined by the following relationship: ##EQU5## where d isthe width of the flat crest, p is the pitch of the ridges, r is theangle of a major light ray made incident to the body from the maininclined surface relative to the axis, θ₁ is the angle of the maininclined surface relative to the flat surface, and θ₂ is the angle ofthe minor inclined surface relative to the axis.
23. A display devicecomprising:at least one image modulator; an array of convergentlytransmissive elements receiving light from said at least one imagemodulator for forming an erect and real image; a fresnel lens includinga body having a flat surface and a configured surface with periodicridges, the fresnel lens being arranged so that light is made incidentfrom the array of convergently transmissive elements to the configuredsurface of the fresnel lens; and a screen receiving light from said atleast one image modulator via the array of convergently transmissiveelements and the fresnel lens and wherein the screen has a predetermineddisplay area, and said at least one image modulator has a main displayarea and a peripheral compensating area arranged such that the maindisplay area forms an image on the predetermined display area via thearray of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens and theperipheral compensating area forms an image just outside thepredetermined display area via the array of convergently transmissiveelements and the fresnel lens.
24. A display device according to claim23, wherein said peripheral compensating area of said at least one imagemodulator is controlled to provide an image which is generally identicalto a portion of an image delivered from the main display area of the atleast one image modulator near the peripheral compensating area.
25. Adisplay device according to claim 23, wherein said at least one imagemodulator comprises a plurality of liquid crystal display panels, andthe array of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens arearranged for every liquid crystal display panel.
26. A display deviceaccording to claim 25, wherein between two adjacent liquid crystaldisplay panels, said peripheral compensating area of one liquid crystaldisplay panel is controlled to provide an image which is generallyidentical to a portion of an image delivered form the main display areaof the adjacent liquid crystal display panel near the peripheralcompensating area of said one liquid crystal display panel.
27. Adisplay device according to claim 25, wherein four sets of the liquidcrystal display panels, the arrays of convergently transmissive elementsand the fresnel lenses are arranged, with each set arranged inrespective quarter portions in a rectangular region, the screen having atotal display area four times greater than a display area necessary toreceive an image from one set of the liquid crystal display panel, thearray of convergently transmissive elements and the fresnel lens.
28. Adisplay device according to claim 27, wherein a partition is arranged onor near the screen between two adjacent sets of the liquid crystaldisplay panels, the arrays of convergently transmissive elements, andthe fresnel lenses, whereby the partition prevents light from strayingfrom one set into an adjacent set.
29. A display device according toclaim 4, wherein said erect and real image is of substantially identicalsize to an image received from said at least one image modulator.
30. Adisplay device according to claim 4, wherein said fresnel lens isconfigured for allowing light to divergently travel therefrom..
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https://github.com/monotone/Ulord-platform/blob/master/upaas/content-audit-service/content-uauth-client/start.sh | Github Open Source | Open Source | MIT | 2,020 | Ulord-platform | monotone | Shell | Code | 9 | 51 | #!/bin/sh
java -Dspring.profiles.active=test -jar build/libs/content-uauth-client-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar > /dev/null 2>&1 &
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diepupillarbewe01leesgoog_5 | German-PD | Open Culture | Public Domain | 1,881 | Die Pupillarbewegung in physiologischer und pathologischer Beziehung | Jacob Leeser | German | Spoken | 6,700 | 13,620 | Auch von den in der Retina ublauf enden Processen haben wir einen zu erwähnen, welcher ebenfalls mit einer spasmotischen Myosis einhergeht, die allerdings einen anderen Grund hat als die soeben besprochene ; sie beruht auf Reizung des pupillen verengern- den Oentrums und schliesst sieh somit an die früher erwähnten Formen an. Bei Retinitis pigmentosa fand Mooren (lieber Reti* — 89 - Ditis p^^estosa. Zekender^s klin. Mtsbl. I, p. 93—106) eine etwas engere vordere Kammer mil; leicht oontrahirter Pupille, während Haase (Retinitis pigmentosa mit Hyperaesthesia retinae, ibid. Y, p. 228—229) die Papillen zwar von normaler Weite, aber von träger Reaction sah. Auch Leber gibt an (Graefe und Saemiseh, Handbuch etc. Y, p. 649), dass die PupUlen bei Tageslicht von mittlerer Weite oder etwas verengt, niemals stark dilatirt seien, und an einem anderen Orte (Arch. f. Ophth. XYII, 2, p. 314—341) , dass die PupUlar- reaction niemals vollkommen fehle, in, der Regel aber sehr träge sei. Diese bei Retinitis pigmentosa vorkommende Myosis erklärt Mooren (1. c.) als eine Folge der bei dieser Krankheit vorhandenen Hyperästhesie der Retina, wodurch das pupillenverengernde Centrum selbst bei schwacher Beleuchtung des Auges in beständiger starker Erregmig erhalten werde. Eine häufiger — alleinlings fast ausschliesslich bei extra- ocularen AfFeetionen ^- vorkommende Form von Myosis ist die paralytische, durch Lähmung der pupillenerweiternden Fasern be- dingte, deren Charakter wir bereits kennen. Dieselbe wird überall dort auftreten, wo die Continuität zwischen pupillenerweiterndem resp. vasomotorischem Centrum und Iris an irgend einer Stelle unterbrochen wird. Dies geschieht in erster Linie bei allen den- jenigen spinalen Processen, welche oberhalb der beiden obersten Drustwirbel bis zur Medulla oblongata hinauf localisirt sind und zugleioii diesen Abschnitt des Rückenmarkes entweder ganz oder wenigstens an denjenigen Th^len ausser Function setzen, welche zu den pupillencrweiternden Fasern in Beziehung stehen. Dem- nach muss eine Yerletzung des Ualsmarkes jedesmal eine paraly- tische Myosis bedingen, wie in dem bereits (S. 31) erwähnten Fallo von Rüssel (Med. Times and gaz. vol. XLI, p. 392), wo ein Naeiitwandler, der sich durch einen Fall von der Treppe eine voll- ständige Trennung zwischen siebentem Halswirbel und erstem Brustwirbel zugezogen hatto^ während seines noch sechs Tage dauernden Lebens Pupillen zeigte, die bei Lichteinfall fast so klein wie eine Nadelspitze waren und bei Beschattung nur sehr wenig sich vergrösserten. Die hintere Hälfte des Rückenmarkes fand sich an der verletzten Stelle blutig erweicht, während die angren- zenden Partien n^iss&rben und blutgetränkt erschienen. Ebenso ist die paralytische Myosis als sogenannte Spinalmyosis ein fast n ~ 90 — r0g^lmtt89iger Begleiter "von entzündlicben BSckennMufcsaSaetioflen, vorzugsweise der ehronisdi^i Forznen. Bei der grauen Degene- ration der hinteren Rückenmarksstränge bemerkt man, nach Ba ebl- m a n n (Sammig. klm. Y ortr. Nr. 1 85, p. 8) gewöhnlich sdion sehr frühzeitig, oft zuerst nur auf einer Seite, PupHlenverengerungi ver- bunden mit vasomotoriachen Lähmungserscheinungen auf der be- treffenden Kopfhälfte, wahrend später auch die andere Pupille myotisch wird. xVrgyll Robertson (1. c.) gibt an, dass bei spinaler Myosis die Reaotipn der Pupille auf Lieht aufgehoben sei, während die Contraction derselben auf Accommodationsimpulse prompt erfolge. Allerdings zeigte sich bei den von ihm veröffent- lichten fünf Fällen von Tabes dorsalis (Annales d^oculistique, T. 63, p. 113 — 127 et T. 64,. p. 16 — 33) neben einem erheblichen Grad von Myosis (^durchschnittlich 1 — 2 mm. Pupillen weite) diese Reactionslosigkeit der Pupille auf Licht im Gegensatz zu der prompten Accommodationsbewegung der Iris. Auch Knapp (Augenärztliche Reisenotizen. Arch. für Augen- und Ohrenheilk. II, 2, p. 191— 196) überzeugte sich in einem Falle Bobertson^s von spinaler Myosis von der Richtigkeit dieser Thatsache, ebenso in einem anderen Falle von Verletzung des Rückenmarkes durch einen Stich in den Nacken, wo die Pupillen eng und ohne ReactioD auf Lichtwechsel waren. Desgleichen haben Leber (Yirchov- Hirsch's Jahresber. f. 1872, p. 574), Nagel (Jahr^ber. f. Opbth. f. 1872) u. A. jene Beobachtung Robertson's bestätigen können. Zur Erklärung dieser anscheinend merkwürdigen Thatsache nimmt Robertson an, dass die ciliospinalen Fas^n einen Theil der YerbinduBgskette zwischen Retina und Pupille Ulden und dass die Pupillenverengerung auf Lichteinfall normaler Weise nicht auf einfacher Reflexthätigkeit beruht, sondern vielmehr durch normale zeitweise Refiexlähmung zu Stande komme. Knapp (1. c.) machte nun auf diese Hypothese hin Experimente an ELaninchen, gelangte aber insofern zu negativen Resultaten, als er nach Durchsohneiduog des Rückenmarkes zwischen 5. und 6. Halswirbel zwar Yerenger- ung der Pupille erhielt, aber die Beweglichkeit auf Liohteinfall erhalten fand, woraus er sehloss, dass das Oentmm der Reflexbe- wegung auf Liehtreiz oberhalb des 5. Halswirbels lieg^i mflsse. Auch Hempel (Ueber die Spinalmyosis. Arob. f. Ophth. XXII, 1, p. 1—28) bestätigte die Beobachtung Rober taon's betrefis ii» — 91 — Usbewof liolikeit der Pa^leü auf LxehteiBfoU bd eriialteiter h^ woglicfakeit auf Accommodatiosaimpalse. Wie bereits früher (8. 53) bemerkt, steht dies Fehlen der PupiUarreaetion iadess mit der spinalen Affection, d. h. der Läh- mung der pupiUenerweiternden Fasern selbst, in keinem Zusammen* hange und ist immer auf eine die Lähmung dieser cam- plioirende Lähmung im Oebiete der pupillenver* engernden Fasern zu beziehen, die durch ein Weitergreifen des gewöhnlich aufsteigenden sclerotisohen Processes auf die Ur- q>nuigBgegend dieser Fasern bedingt ist. W^er nicke (Das Ver- halten der Pupille bei Geisteskranken. Yirch. Arch. LYI, p« 397 407), dem Hempel (1. c.) sich anschliesst, nimmt an, dass bei spinaler Myosis diese Complication in einer Leitungsuuter- bveohung der Nervenbahn zwischen Opticus und Oculomotorius- centrnm bestehe, da dieses letztere selbst sich intakt zeige, was durch die prompte Beaction auf Accommodationsimpulse bewiesen, werde, und in der That muss man demzufolge wohl der begleiten- den Affeetion diesen Sitz anweisen. Dass aber die Reactionslosig- keit der Pupille eine Complication der spinalen Myosis ist und auf einem Weitergreifen des Processes nach dem Centrum zu beruht^ beweisen die Yon Hempel (1. c.) angeführten Fälle von Tabes (Nr. 12, 14 und 15), wo, wenn auch träge, Beaqtion auf Licht vorhanden war^ einmal (Nr. 14) bei beiderseits „auffallend engen ^ Pupillen. In den Fällen hingegen, wo bei mangelnder Beaction auf Licht, also bei gleichzeitiger Lähmung der pupillenverengem- den und pupillenerweitemden Fasern, — wodurch doch eine mitt- lere Pupillenweite bedingt sein müsste — Myosis und zwar oft hoohgradige , vorhanden ist, tritt nach Hempel „eine secun- däre Contraktur des Sphincter pupillae*^ hinzu. Indess kommen nach Foerster (Graefe und Saemisch, Handbuch etc. YU^ 1, 34) audi massig weite, starre Pupillen bei Tabes vor, die demnach wohl auf Lähmung beider Arten von Fasern ohne gleich- zeitige Sphittotercontraktur zu beziehen sind. Wir haben es bei Formen v(m rein spinaler Myosis also nur mit einer mittleren Yereogerung der Pupille zu thun, wobei die Beaction auf Licht sowohl als auf Accommodationsimpulse er- halten ist. Diese Form tritt indess nur im Anfangs* resp. in dem der Tabes auf, wo der Process nodi nicht über das ver- — 92 — muthüch in der Medolla oblongata gelegene pnpillenerweiterBde Centrum nach aufwärts hinans sich erstreckt, andrerseits aber die Begio ciliospinalis bereits befallen hat, also bei der sogenannten Tabes cervicalis. Hempel (1. c. p. 19) s^, die Yerengerong der Pupille bei spinaler Myosis sei die Folge Yon Lähmung des Oentrums für ihre Erweiterung in der MeduUa oblongata; indess ist es wahrscheinlich, dass jeder spinale Process oberhalb der beiden untersten Halswirbel, also vom Budge 'sehen Centrum ciliospinale bis zur MeduUa oblongata hin, ganz den gleichen Effect hat. Beider progressiven Paralyse, zu der sich in den spateren Stadien, oft auch schon früher, tabetische Erscheinungen hinzn- gesellen, wird man ebenfalls diese spinale Myosis finden. Baehl- mann (1. c. p. 6) glaubt die enge Pupille bei Dementia paraly- tica auf eine Herabsetzung der Corticalfunktionen zurückführen zu sollen. Hier werd^a wir indess noch weniger eine rein paraly- tische Form der Myosis erwarten dürfen, als bei der Tabes, viel- mehr wird bei der Paralsye in der Begel die Lichtreaction schon früh fehlen, weil der dieselbe aufhebende cerebrale Process meist den spinalen Erscheinungen voraufgeht. Ebenso meint Richarz (Ueber Verschiedenheit der Grösse der Pupillen aus centraler Ur- sache. Allg. Zeitschr. f. Psychiatrie Bd. XV, p. 21 ff.), dass bei allgemeiner Paralyse überhaupt es meistens geboten sei, die dureh Xrampfform bedingten Pupillenveränderungen lEiuszuscheiden, und will demnach die bei dieser Krankheit auftretende Myosis durch Lähmung der pupillenerweitemden Fasern erklärt wissen. Ob in- dess jede bei der progressiven Paralyse vorkommende Pupillen- verengerung einzig und allein auf eine Lähmung zurückzuführen ist, müssen die Fälle von maximaler Pupillenverengerung „bis zur Stecknadelkopfgrösse^ (Nasse, Allg. Zeitschr. f. Psychiatrie Bd. XXV, p. 665—684 und Jehn, ibid. Bd. XXX, p. 538) oder „fast bis zum Punktförmigwerden** (Westphal, Griesinger's Arch. f. Psychiatrie u. Nervenkrankh. I, p. 51) doch etwas zweifelhaft er* scheinen lassen. Man könnte allerdings denken, dass zu einer ein- fachen Myosis hier eine Contraktur des Sphincter pupillae hinza« gekommen sei. Im hyperämischen Anfangsstadium der progressiren Paralyse haben wir nun in der Begel auch eine Myosis, welche, wenn sie eine paralytische wäre, nie im späteren Stadium der ^ - 98 - Krankheit einer maximalen Erweiterung der Papille Platz machen könnte. Die Pupillenweite ist aber namentlich bei dieser Geistes* krankfaeit äusserst inconstant. Seyffert (I. c.) sah nur in vier Fällen die Myosis durch die ganze Dauer der Krankheit fort- bestehen, und Jehn (1. c.) sagt: ,, Wollte man durchaus etwas für die Paralyse gewissermaassen Charakteristisches in dem Verhaltea der Pupille anführen, so wäre es höchstens die meist übermässige Erweiterung einer in bedeutenderem Contraste zu der oft steck- nadelkopfgross verengten zweiten als man es bei anderen Arten psychischer Erkrankungen findet**. Damach hätten wir vielmehr die im Exaltationsstadium der Paralyse auftretende Pupillen Ver- engerung als eine spasmotische aufzufassen. Wahrscheinlich kommen eben im Verlauf der progressiven Paralyse alle Complicationen von Reizung und Lähmung der pupillenverengernden und pupillen- erweiternden Fasern vor, denn nur auf diese Weise wird die Man- nigfaltigkeit der Pupillarerscheinungen erklärlich. Dass den ein- zelnen Stadien jedoch bestimmte Pupillarerscheinungen entsprechen, ist zu vermuthen, obwohl dies bisher noch nicht erwiesen ist. Ein solcher Nachweis wäre indess sehr erwünscht, da man dann viel- leicht umgekehrt die jedesmalige Pupillen- Weite und Beaction zur Diagnose des Stadiums der Krankheit verwerthen könnte. Für die acute Manie, welche gewöhnlich mit Pupillenerweite- rnng einhergeht, gibt Seiffert (1. c. * an, dass, sobald sich die- selbe mit Myosis complicirt zeige, man den früheren oder späteren Eintritt der allgemeinen Lähmung mit ziemlicher Sicherheit pro- gnostiren könne; es handelt sich demnach auch hier zweifellos um eine Lähmnngsmyosis. In ihrer reinen Form tritt uns ausser bei den Rückenmarks- Verletzungen die paralytische Myosis noch bei der auf den Halstheil fortschreitenden Myelitis entgegen, meist nach vorausgegangener Reizongsmydriasis, welch letztere noch auf der einen Seite fort- bestehen kann, während auf der anderen bereits Mvosis vorhanden ist. Raehlmann (1. c. p. 7) sagt nun, wohl gestützt auf die Unter- suchungen von Schiff und Foa, dass die Myosis „als direktes Symptom vorhandener Rückenmarkskrankheiten und zwar nur der Hinterstränge zu betrachten und als solches für die Differenzial- diagnose wichtig^ sei. Dies letztere ist jedoch nicht richtig, da die paralytische Myosis oft ein Symptom der Poliomyelitis anterior - 94 - c]»?oiiioa ist, welche als progroistve MuskelatropMe gewohnlieh zu* erst in die Erscheiiinng tritt. Hier migt mdk die Myodis jiedoch nur in den Fällen, wo die Affection attf das sog. Bodge^scfae €entruin ciliospinalel des Halsmarks übergegriffen hat. Die Xyosis kann auch bei der Poliomyelitis anterior acuta eintreten und nicht minder bei der multiplen Sclerose des Gebims und Rückenmarks, welche Affection indess eben so gut Ursache zu einer paralytischen Myosis (Leube, Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med. VIII, p. 1*19, Fall 2) als zu einer paralytischen Mydriasis werden kann, je nachdem ein sclerotischer Herd sich im Ghebiet der pupillenerwei- temden oder der pupillenverengemden Fasern localisirt. Tritt bei der Bulbärparalyse paralytische Myosis auf, so ist die Krankheit gewöhnlich mit progressiver Muskelatrophie oder mit Sclerose des Hirns und Rückenmarks complicirt. Endlich können noch Tumoren an der bezeichneten Stelle des Rückenmarks paralytische Myosis bedingen und zwar sowohl direkt doroh Compression der pupillenyerengernden Fasern, als indirekt durch eine secundäre Compressionsmyelitis. Auch die Spinalapo- plexie, welche mit Vorliebe den Halstheil der Medulla spinalis be- fallt, führt oft zu paralytischer Myosis, während die Meningeal- blutung in der Regel mit Reizerscheinungen, also eventuell mit Pupillenerweiterung einhergeht. Bei der Verengerung der Pupille während der Athempause des Cheyne-Stockes'schen Respirationsphänomens haben wir es nach den Angaben Leube 's (Berl. klin. Wochenschr. 1870, Nr. 15) und G. Merkel' s (Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med. X, p. 201—205) ebenfalls mit einer paralytischen Myosis zu thun, bedingt durch eine mit der Lähmung des Respirationscentrums verbundene Para- lyse resp. Parese des pupillenerweiternden Centrums in der Medulla oblongata. Diese verminderte Erregbarkeit d^r beiden Oentren hat nach Leube ihren Grund in der mangelhaften Sauerstoffznflihr zur Medulla oblongata, sodass die Erregung immer erst duroh An- häufung einer gewissen Menge von Kohlensäure im Blute zu Stande kommen kann : mit dem Eintritt der Respiration erfolgt dann gleich- zeitig auch eine Erweiterung der Pupille. Diese Erklärung er- aohrint allerdings sehr plausibel, nur stimmt damit nicht, dass Leube sowohl wie Merkel die Pupille mit der Verengernng in der Athempause zugleich reactionslos gegen Licht sahen. — »5 — wäfar^id, in dem Merkel' sehen Falle wenigstens, die Reaetion init dem ersten Athemzuge und der Erweitemng der Pupille sich wieder herstellte. Man muss demnach doch wohl, was Lenbe auch bereits andeutet, auch an eine Esr^ung des pupillenver- engemden resp. des Oculomotorius-Centrums in der Athempause denken, zumal da gleichzeitig mit der Verengerung der Pupille pendelnde Bewegungen des Augapfels eintraten. Adamük (Central- blatt f. die med. Wissensch« 1870, Hr. 5) sah dieselben Erscheinungen nach Reizung der Yierhügel, und es ist daher möglich, dass die Verengerung der Pupille, wenn auch nicht allein, so doch mit auf einer Reizung des „motorischen Augencentrums^ beruht, veranlasst durch die mangelhafte Zufuhr ron arteriellem Blute zum Gehirn, wodurch nach den Versuchen von Kussmaul und Tenner (Würzb. Verhandlungen, Bd. VI, p. 40 u. 41) die genannten Er- scheinungen hervorgerufen werden können (cf. S. 58). Der Zusam- menhang dieser Bewegungen ist indess noch ebensowenig vollständig aufgeklärt wie die Beziehungen zwischen dem pupillenerweitemden und dem pupiUenverengernden Centrum. V. Graefe bezog auch die von ihm im Stadium aigidum der Cholera (Areh. f. Ophth. XII, 2, p. 198-211 » beobachtete Pupillen- verengerung auf eine abgeschwächte Leitung im Centrum cilio- spinale und stellte sie in gleiche Linie mit der Parese der sympa- thischen Herzinnervation , da zu gleicher Zeit mit dem höchsten Grade der Herzschwäche die Pupillen sich in der Regel am stärk- sten contrahirt fanden. Ob die Ursache hierfür in der Etndickung des Blutes oder in der direkten Einwirkung des Cfaoleragiftes auf das Centrum liege, lässt er uoentschieden; wahrscheinlich ist eben- falls hier die in Folge der Bluteindickung erschwerte resp. ver- minderte Blutzufuhr zur Medulla oblongata im Verein mit der theils durch den verlangsamten Kreislauf, theils durch die Ver- änderung der Blutbesehaffenheit selbst herbeigeführten, ungenügen- den Decarbonisation des Blutes die Ursache der endlichen Lähmung der Medulla oblongata und mit ihr des pupillenerweitemden Cen- trums; Nach Hirschler (Arch. f. Ophth. XVII, 1, p. 229) tritt zu der Alkoholamblyopie häufig eine, je nach dem Grade der Er- krankung mit mehr oder weniger ausgielnger Beweglichkeit ver- bundene Verengerung der Pupille hinzu. Dass diese Mjosis eine - 96 — paralytiacbe ist, scheint daraus henrormgeben; dass der gesaimte Autor sie auch bei acuter AlkohelintoxicatioB mit tödtlichem Aus- gang im Gefolge von Symptomen beobachtet hat, ,,die es nicht zulässig erscheinen lassen, die Yerengerung der Pupille yon einem Reizzustande des Gehirns ableiten zu wollen/ Die Pupillenver- engerung steht mit der Amblyopie gewiss in keinem direkten Zu- sammenhange , da man sonst vielmehr eine geringe Erw^terang erwarten müsste, welche sich in der That auch häufig zeigt. Man hätte denmach wohl zur Erklärung dieser Pupillenverengerung an eine Affection zu denken, die vielleicht in der Medulla oblosgata oder im Halsmark ihren Sitz hat, möglicherweise an eine fettige Degeneration einzelner Theile dieser Gegeud, wie Er is mann (Ueber Intoxicationsamblyopie. Inaug. Diss. Zürich 1867) und Leber (Arch. f. Ophth, XV, U, 236—247) sie am Sehnervenstamm gefunden haben. Weiterhin wird paralytische Myosis alle Lähmungen des Hal»- sympathicus, sowohl des Grenzstranges selbst, als seiner aus den unteren Hals- und oberen Brustnerven hervorkommenden Wurzeln, begleiten. Die Myosis, welche bei diesen Affectionen auftritt, be- ruht nach Nicati (La paralysie du nerf sympathique cervical. Diss. inaug. Zürich 1873, p. 24) auf einer unvollständigen Läh- mung des Dilatator pupillae, sodass auf Atropinisirung der Pupille fast maximale Mydriasis erfolgt; indess gilt dies wohl nicht allge- mein, wie u. A. der von Keuling (Arch. f, Augen- u. Ohrenheilk. IV, 1, 117 — 118) mitgetheilte Fall beweist, wo bei Verletzung der linksseitigen pars cervicalis N. sympathici das linke Auge eine „bis zur Stecknadelkopfgrösse contrahirte, gegen Lichteindruck voll- ständig unbewegliche Pupille^ zeigte. „Dass die Pupille ad maxi- mum contrahirt war, beweist der Umstand, dass ein eingelegtes Calabarscheibchen keine weitere Contraction zu veranlassen ver- mochte^. Durch Atropin wurde die Pupille in IV^ Stunden „bis zum Durchmesser des normalen Auges*' ausgedehnt. Es kommt eben auf den Sitz der Affection an, darauf, ob nur einige oder alle pupillenerweitemden Fasern gelähmt sind; im letzteren Falle wird man zwischen der Myosis bei spinalen Erkrankungen und der bei Sympathicuslähmungen keinen Unterschied in der Weite der Pupille bemerken. Ist die Ursache der Lähmung unter- halb der Gegend der beiden oberen Brustwirbel gelegen, so werden — 97 — von S^ten der FapiBe gar keiae Symptome ¥orhai(id«s s^, während }»ä. höherem Sitz der AffectioB, an Stellea, wo b^eits alle pupiUen- ßrweitemden Fasern in den Grenzi^Mig des Sympathions einge« treten smd, die paralytische Myosis eine yollstandige sein wird. Es bleibt jedoch noch fraglich, ob auch beim Menschen bei Läh- mung des Halssympathieus oberhalb des sechsten Halswirbds oder gar oberhalb des obere^n Halsganglions sämmtliche pupillener« weitemden iN^ervenfasem ausser Funktion gesetzt werden, da es noch nicht entschieden ist, ob die Iris nicht noch erweiternde Fasern vom Kopftheil des Sympathicus aus durch den Trigeminus zuge* fütirt erhalt, wie Schiff dies aus Yersuchen an Eatz^i zu schliessen geneigt ist (cf. S. 32). Verletzungen, vorzüglich Continuitatstrennungen des Sym- pathieus an den genannten Stellen disponiren demnach in erster Linie zu paralytischer Myom. So sah Seeligm aller (B^l. klin. Wocbenschr. 1870, No. 26) einmal nach Verletzung des Plexus brachialis die Pupille der afficirten Seite um die Hälfte kleiner, als die normale der anderen, an manchen Tagen sogar „bis auf die Grösse eines grösseren Stecknadelkopfes*^ contrahirt, während in einem anderen Falle, wo vom Plexus brachialis aus der N. ulnaris in Folge einer Schusaverletzung am Hake gelähmt war (Berl. klin. Wochenschr. 1872, No. 4) der Durch- messer der kranken zu der gesunden Pupille sich wie 2 : 3 ver- hielt; bei Beschattung gestaltete sich das Verhältniss hingegen wie 1:2. Bernhardt (ibid. No. 47 u. 48) fand in einem ana- logen Falle die Pupille bedeutend kleiner, als die des andere^i Auges. Die Beaction auf Licht war in allen diesen Fällen vor- handen, wenn auch weniger prompt^ als am gesunden Auge. £s bestand denmacb eine unconiplicirte paralytische Myosis, während in dem soeben erwähnten Falle von Reuling (1. o.) maximale Myosis mit allen ihren Characteren, sowie eine Verziehung der Pupille von unten und innen nach oben und aussen bestand ; hier war offenbar eine Complication vorhanden, wahrscheinlich eine secundäre ungleichmässige Contractur des Sphincter, da sich auf Atropineinträufelung die Pupille bis zur normalen Grösse erweiterte. Aehnliche Fälle sind von Bärwinkel (Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med. XIV, p. 545), Ogle (Medice- chirurg. Transactions XII, p. 398) tt. A. beschrieben worden. Leesttr, Papillarbewegung. 7 ^ m ^ ^enso wie Yerletzimgeii können d«ii Halwympatlneus com* primirende Geschwülste, neben einer Drueklähmung des Nerven, ^e paralytische Myosis bewirken. Gar nicht selten fiadet man daher bei Aneurysmen der Carotis^ des Trunons anonymn^ oder auch der Aorta eine Lahmungsmyoeis. v. Willebrand theilie einen Fall mit (Arch. f. Ophth. I, 1, 319—322), wo durch Druck eines verhärteten Lymphdrusenpacketeis auf den Oervicaltheil des Sympathicus neben einer Neuralgie des N. ulnaris eine im böehsteD Grade verengte Pupille vorhanden war, die beim Wechsel von Licht und Schatten unbeweglich blieb; wahrscheinlich bestand hier ebenfalls Sphiootercontractur. Als nach eingeleiteter Be* handlung die Lymphdrüsen abschwollen, verschwand auch die Yerengerung und mit ihr die Unbeweglichkeit der Pupille. Auch dieser Fall liefert einen Beweis gegen die Behauptung Nicati'.s. dass bei spinaler Myosis immer eine stärkere Yerengerung der Pupille vorhanden sei, als bei Sympathicusaffectionen. Ogle (1. c.) sah Myosis in Folge einer grossen Krebsgeschwulst in der linken Cervicalgegend , und Heineke (Greifs walder med. Bm- träge, II* Heft t) fand ebenfalls bei einem kindskopfgrossen , die ganse linke Ualsseite einnehmenden Carcinom die linke PufHlle auüallend stark verengt. Auch sind Fälle bekannt, wo sich ^ne grosse Struma als Ursache der Myosis vorfand (Jany, Brünicke« nach Raehlmann, 1. c. p. 10). Sodann finden wir bei einer Erkrankung, welche mit Wahr- scheinlichkeit in einer SympathicusafFection ihren Grund hat, der Hemicrania sympathico-paretica, während der Anfalle und nach Fraenkel (Zur Pathologie des Halssympathicus. Inaug. Diss. Bres* lau 1874) schon gleich mit Beginn derselben die Pupille auf der leidenden Seite verengt. Nach 'Berg er (Frank el, 1. c. p. 7) sind die Pupillen fast unbeweglich gegen Tageslicht, wogegen Fraenkel in Uebereinstimmung mit Nicati (1. c. p. 24: „riris reagit k tous les agents possibles^) lebhafte Verengerung auf Licht* reiz emtreten sah, während die Erweiterung der Pupille auf Be- schattung nur träge von Statten ging. Das vorwaltende Symptom bei dieser mit intensiven Schmerzen verbundenen Krankheitsform ist eine „Anenergie im Gebiete des Ualssympathicus^, mithin u. A. auch eine Erweiterung der Gefässe an der betreffenden Kopf- hälfte etc., während die sympathico-tonische Form der Hemicranie — »9 -^ ttngekehrt mit der Yermigeriuig der Oefiune uad Brwetierung d«r Puptlie eiiihergeht. EioMst wahrscheinlieh hiesfaer gehörigen Fall beobaehtete Uorner (Zefaend. klin. Monafsbl. YII, p. 193 — 196) an einer 40 jahrigen Frau, die von Jugesd auf an Kopfschmerzen gelitten bMe und 6 Wochen nach dem letzten Wochenbette rechterseits eine unToUständige Ptosis mit charaeteriatiseher paralytischer Myosis aquirirt hatte. Die rechte Pupille war bedeutend enger als die der gesunden Seite^ aber auf liohteinfall beweglkh. Atropin rief un- ToUständige Erweiterung, Calabar hingegen maximale Myosis her*- vor, ausserdem war der^twas weniger resistente Bulbus unbedeutend zaräcicgesunken. Homer bezog, und wohl mit Recht, diese Affeetion auf eine Lähmung der Fasern des Halsstranges des Sympaihicus. Dadurch wird sowohl die Ptosis, duroti Lähmung des vom Syrapathicus versorgten sog. Müller 'sehen M. palpebrae super., als auch die Myosis, durch Lähmung des Dilatator — wegen nmngelnden Unterschiedes in der Färbung resp. den Gefässver« hältnissen der beiden Regenbogenhäute konnte dieselbe nicht ledig- lieh durch Gefässfüllung bedingt sein — , sowie endlich auch die erhöhte Temperatur und Rothe der betreffenden Seite vollkommen erklärt. Homer sah in diesem Falle ein Qegenstüek zu der bei Morbus Basedowii vorkommenden Augenaffection ; hier fehlt indess in der Regel die Pupillenerweiterung, deren regelmässiges resp. häufiges Yorkommen allerdings von manchen Autoren, wie Romberg, Henoch, Reith, Geigel, Friedreich, Trous- seau, Raehlmann, Emmert u. A. angeführt wird; Letzterer sah (Arch. f. Ophth. XVII, 1, p. 219) die Pupille auch oft enger als normal, v. Graefe (Eulen bürg u. Guttmann, Grie- singer's Aroh. f. Psychiatr. u. Nervenkr. I, p. 420—454) konnte nach Untersuchung von ca. 200 Fällen von Morbus Basedowii die Mydriasis nicht bestätigen, hielt sie vielmehr, wo sie vorhanden war, von Complicationen, wie von Myopie und dergl. abhängig. Nach Eulenburg (Berl. klin. Wochenschr. 1869, p. 287) sind ,,bei echtem Morbus Basedowii, selbst bei dem bedeutendsten Exophthalmus, keine Spur von Mydriasis, überhaupt keine Pupillar- erscheinungen vorhanden.^ An die erwähnte Homer ^sche Beobachtung schliessen sich die Fälle von sog. essMitieller Phthisis bulbi oder Opthalmomalacie an« 7* - 100 — BooaaCTsaiisad;, Amer. opbtii. Soe., p. ^—91; Nagd^s Jhubes- bericht f. 1870, p. 270) beobitehtete einen ähnlidira Fall yoh in Anfällen auftretender Injeetion eines Auges mit heftigem Sdimerz, Trägheit der Pupille, Thränen and etwas SponnuagsTfMrmindenui^ des Bulbus und nahm eine vasomotorische Neurose an. Die para- lytische Myosis war hier, wie in^ dem Fall von Landesberg (Arch. f. Ophth. XYU, 1, p. 309) mit ,,8ehr enger'' PupiUe, offenbar durch GiUarreiasnngcompiioirty zumal da v. Q-raefe (Arch. f. Ophä. XU,% p. 261), Nagel (ibid. XIII, 2, 409) und Schmidt (Qraefe IL Saemisch, Handb. etc. Y, p. 155) die'BeaclJoB der Pupille ab YoUkommen gut bezeichnen. Die Pupille war — einen Fall von Schmidt (1. c. p. 154) ausgenommen, wo dieselbe normal, „viel- leicht sogar eine Spur grösser'' war — gewöhnlich nur ein wcBig ei^ger, als die des anderen Auges. Man wird gewiss nicht fehl gei^n, wenn man diese bei Ophthalmomalacie vorkommende Myosis ebenfalls für eine paralytische hält. Schmidt (1. e.) ist auch ge- neigt, die Ophthalmomalacie, wenigstens die einfache, überhaupt auf eine Sympathicusaffection zu beziehen, namentlich, weil er such in einem Falle gleichzeitig Ptosis beobachtete. Auch bei der von Nagel (Klin. Monatabi. XIII, p. 394 ff.) beschriebenen und nach ihm unzweifelhaft auf eine paralytische Affeetibii des Hals- sympathicus zurückzuführenden, vorzugsweise bei Keratitis auf- tretenden, Hypotonie findet sich constant PupiUenvereogerusg 0* c. p. 397). Endlich ist noch die bei Trigeminuslähmungen auftretende Myosis (^Hirsch berg Berl. klin. Wochenschr. 1868, Nr. 10,11) aus der gleichzeitigen Lähmung der pupillenerweiteruden vom Sympathicus in den Trigeminus übergehenden Fasern ohne Schwierig- keit zu erklären, da das Yerhalten der Pupille hier ganz dem nach Trigeminusdurchschneidung an Tbicren entspricht. Während sowohl die bisher betrachteten Formen der Myosis, die paralytische wie die spasmotische, überall da, wo keine Coid- plicationen vorliegen, einen mittleren Orad von Pupillenenge be- dingen, treffen bei der durch nervöse Einflüsse bewirkten maxi- malen Myosis, wo der Pupillendurchmesser nach Wecker (Qraefe und Saemisch lY, p. 563) bis auf V^ mn^- herabsinken kann, beide Mo- mente zusammen, wie wir dies bei Einwirkung verschiedener Myo- tica, namenthch des Eserins und ^Nicotins, auf die Pupille bereits — 101 - koBtoeB gelernt haben. Von einem Aufeählen der einzelnen Krank- heitsprocesee, bm denen maximale Myosis vorkommt, können wir hier absebent da es wobl kaum einen gibt, bei dem dieselbe regel* mSsßUg auftritt. Sehr selten wird man sie dort finden, wo nr^ sprüngHefa eine »pasmotisohe Myosis bestand, da eben dann noch eise Lähmang in einem von dem bereits befallenen mehr weniger entfernten Gebiete hinzutreten musste, während viel eher einmal t»ne RelKang der pupilien verengernden Fasern eine bestehende Lähmung der pupiilenerweiternden compliciren kann. So nimmt eine paralytisehe Myosis bereits auf physiologische Reize hin bei sehr intensiver Beleochtang sowie bei energischen Accommodations- jresp. Coavet genzbe wegungen vorübergehend den Charakter einer ma&imalen an. Da wir aber unter Myosis einen dauernden Zu* stand verstehen, so kann eine eigentliche maximale Myosis, die sich oamenäieh noch dnreh vollständige Unbeweglichkeit der Pu- pille auszeichnet, nur durch Hinzutreten einer dauernden Reiz- ung des SphiBCter pupillae, wie sie sich bei Accommodationsspas- mus, bei Ofliameuralgie, Meningitis etc. indet, zu einer Lähmui^ des Dilatator, oder umgekehrt, zu Stande kommen. Durch secun- däre Contractur des Sphincter pupillae, wie sie sich zu paralytischer, sritener zu spasmodscher Myosis hinzugesellt, kann schliesslich aiioli noch maximale Myosis hervorgerufen werden. Nie wird in- dess eine rein paralytische oder eine rein spasmotische Myosis die Charaktere der maximalen zeigen können. In der Literatur finden sich noch einige Fälle von Myosis bd Himerkrankungen verzeichnet, welche man nicht mit Bestimmt- heit in die eine oder die andere Kategorie einreihen kann, von denen daher hier kurz einige erwähnt werden mögen. Bei der Apoplexie in den Pens Yaroli wird von allen Beob- achtern eine enge Pupille angeführt; während Larcher (Patho- logie de la protaberance annulaire, deuxiöme tirage, p. 54 ff.) eine gleichz^tige Unbeweglichkeit derselben behauptet, woraus man also auf eine Reizungsmyosis sohliessen müsste, constatirte Jüdell (Berl klin. Wochenschrift 1872, Nr. 24) in semem Falle jederzeit eine gute Reaction beider Pupillen, ohne irgend eine Yerziehung nach mner Seite, was die Zurflckführung der Pupillenverengerung auf eine durch das filutextravasat bedingte Reizungsmyosis etwas zweifdhaft macht, vielmehr für eine durch Druck auf das pupilien« — 102 — erweiternde Gentrum zu erkläreade paralytische Miosis «pridit. Ferner fand Bosenbach (Arcb. f. Opfath. XYIII, 1, p. 81—51) in einem Falle von Hirntumor betderdeits enge Pupillen mit trägerer Reaction linkerseits; zugleich bestand neben einem geringen €hnad Ton Ptosis hochgradige Amblyopie. Bei der Section fand sieh der hintere Theil des Thalamus opticus dureh einen Tumor nach hinten gedrängt, durch welchen somit ,,sichtlieh ein Druck auf die Vier^ hflgel ausgeübt wurde^. Pcltzer (Berl. klin. Wochenechr. 1872, Nr. 47) beobachtete dagegen' einen Fall von plötzlich unter den Symptomen der Apoplexie aufgetretener doppelseitiger ErUindong ohne jeden ophthalmoskopischen Befund mit massiger Myoms und YoUständig aufgehobener Pupillarreaction. Bei der * Section &nd sich ausser einem Embolie der Art. basiiaris je ein ziemlich sym- metrisch gelegener gelber Erweichungsherd im hinteren äusseren Drittel der Thalami optici sowie beginnende Erwercbnng in den Vierhügeln. Während wir die Myosis in diesem Falle vielleicht als eine spasmotische. durch den Erweichungsprocess in den Yierhügeln be- dingte auffassen können, so spricht der geringe Orad von Ptosis bei beiderseits engen Pupillen ohne Aufgehobensein der Reaction auf Licht in dem Rosenbach 'sehen Falle gegen eine Reisungs- und eher für eine Läfamungsmyosis. Merkwürdig wäre dann eben nur, dass bei ungefähr gleichem Sitz der Affection — im hinteren Theile des Thalamus opticus und den Yierhügeln — das eine Mal eine Reizung des pupiilenverengernden und das andere Mal eine Lähmung des pupillen erweiternden Centrums zu Stande gekommen ist. Andrerseits würde dieser Umstand auf eine Verbindung zwischen den beiden Centren resp. auf ein nahes Nebeneinanderliegen der* selben hindeuten (cf. S. 55). Hochgradige Myosis ist auch, abgesehen von den sie beglei* tenden Processen, an sich im Stande, eine erhebliche Sehstörung zu verursachen, indem durch die enge Pupille einerseits das Ge- sichtsfeld eingeengt und andrerseits die auf der Netzhaut ent- worfenen Bilder zu lichtschwach werden. So klagte in dem Wil le- hr an dachen Falle der Patient über Abnahme des Sehvensifigens, obwohl er eine vollkommen intakte Sehschärfe besass und die feinsten ihm vor das Auge gehaltenen Oegenstände unterscheiden konnte. Orössere Objecte, z. B. vor ihm stehende Personen, suh — 108 — er nur tbeilwaise, aber in den gesehenen Theilen deutlieh. Sok^be Patienten mit maximaler Myosis verhalten sich ähnlieh wie Krankt^y welche an Retinitis pigmento&i mit concentriseher Geaichtsfeldbe* sdiränkung leiden. Wir kommrai jetad; m dw zweiten grossen Grappe von patho logiseben Zuständen, zu den mit Mydriasis einhergehenden. Bei der Mydriasis unterscheiden wir ebenso wie bei der Myosis eine mittlere und eine maximale , von denen die erstere, wie sich aus unseren früheren Betrachtungen ergibt, sowohl durch Beizung der pupillenerweiternden als durch Lähmung der pupillenverengernden Fasern bedingt sein, die letztere aber nur durch Zusammentreffen beider Umstände zu Stande kommen kann. Diese verschiedenen Formen der Mydriasis verhalten sich ganz analog denen der Myoüs, nur in entgegengesetzter Weise. Die Beizungs- oder spas- motisehe Mydriasis, welche auf Erregung der pupillener- weitemden Fasern beruht, charakterisirt sich durch eine massig er- weiterte, auf Lichteinfall und Convergenabewegungen mehr weniger prompt, auf sensible, psychische und das pupillenerweitemde Gmi- tnirn t4<ei&nde Mitbewegungsreize hingegen gar nicht reagirende Pupille, welche leicht durch Mydriatica zur maximalen Erweiterung, durch Myotica indess schon etwas schwerer zur maximalen Yer- engerung gebracht werden kann. Bei der Lähmung s- oder paralytischen Mydriasis hingegen, welche m einer Lähmung der pupillenverengeruden Faseru ihren Grund hat, haben wir ausser einer ebenfalls massig erweiterten Pupille - wofern keine mecha- aiseben Hindemisse vorliegen — noch ein Vorhandensein der ReactÜMien auf sensible, psychische und alle diejenigen Beize zu verzeichnen, welohe die Integrität des pupillenerweiternden Cen- trums voraussetzen. Die Beaction auf Licht und Convergenzbe« wegungen kann sich indess verschieden gestalten, je nach dem Sitz der die Mydriasis bedingenden Affecti(m. Ist die Leitung zwischen Iris und pupillenverMigemdem Centrum unterbrochen, so fehlt so- wohl die direkte, als die consensuelle Beaction auf Lichtreiz, eben- so wie die Mitbewegung der Pupille auf Acconunodationsimpulse; ist hingegen eine Lähmung der die Betina mit äeja pupillenv«^ engernden Centrum verbindenden Fasern vorhanden, so wird die direkte PupiHarcontraetion auf Lichteinfall aufgehoben, die consen- eoelle Beaolion, sowie die auf Convergenzbewegungen indess er* - 104 — halten sein. In dem einea wie im dem andern Faile kami man durch Mydriatica die Pu^Ie leicht ad maximum erweitern, durch Myotioa aber nicht mehr ah bis zur mittleren Weit^ Ter^igeni. Bei maximaler Mydriasis, also bei gleichzeitiger Erregung der pupillenerwdternden und Lähmung der puptllenverengemden Fasern, findet 8i<di neben äussereter Erweiterung der Pupille absolute Beactionslosigkeit derselben auf Reize aller Art ; nur kräftige My o- tica yermögen hier die übermässige Weite der PupiHe zur normalen zurückzuführen. Bpasmotische Mydriasis tritt bei allen denjenigen krankhaften Zuständen auf, welche direkt oder indirekt einen Beiz entweder auf das pupiUenerweitemde Centrum oder auf die pupSlenerweiteni* den Fasern selbst an irgend einer Stelle ihres langen Yerianfefi von der MeduUa oblongata bis zum Diktator pupillae resp. den Blutgefässen der Iris ausüben. Es ergibt sich hieraus ohne Weiteres, dass die mit Reizungsmydriasis verbundenen Afieetionen fast alle ausserhalb des Auges ihren Sitz haben werden; gleichwohl wird auch das Auge in Folge der durch die Mydriasis selbst entsteheo- den funktionellen Störung mehr wenige in Mitleidenadiaft ge- zogen. Zunächst werden wir bei allgemeinen Reizzuständen des Ruckenmarks, namentlich seiner oberen Partien, des Halsmariu und der Medulla oblongata, — durch was auch immer sie bedingt sein mögen Reizangsmydriasis finden, also bei Hyperämie des Rückenmarks und seine Hüllen, bei Meningitis spinalis. im Retzungs- stadium der Myelitis ; auch können im Halatiieile des Rüdcenmarks sich bildende Tumoren zu Anfang Pupillenerweiterung hervoriiifeB. Ob die in allen Fällen Ton mit Stauungspapille verbundenen Hirn* tumoren von Raehlmann (I. c. p. 11) regelmässig beobachtete Mydrians, sowie die bei starkem Himdruck, nach Blutergüssen in die Schädelfaöhle und bei chronischem Hydrocephalus sich fast aus- nahmslos vorfindende Pupillenerweitenmg immer zu einer Retzung des pupillenerweitemden Centrums in Beziehung zu brii^n ist, musB zweifelhaft erscheinen, da eine Lähmung der puptUenver' engemden Fasern resp. • des Oculomotorius hier eben so gut die Ursache sein kann« Femer ist die spasmotisohe Mydriasis ein Symptom der söge- nannten Spinaltrritation, welche wir häufig bei nervösen, chlorotisohen - 106 - waA soAmmsk^ny chur^ Säftenferioste und aoliwere Krankheiten, wt6 Typhus (Seiffert, L c), geschwächten Persraen, ebenso bei hyste^ cischen und hypochondrisohen IndWidaen an^ffen. Ausserdem ist eine erweiterte, aber auf Lipht reagirende Pupille oft der Yorbote tabetis<^F Ersdheinungen, wie wohl überhaupt allen Kückenmark»- uad Hirnerkra^ungen, welebe von sf^nannter sfttnaler Myosis begleitet zu werden pflegen, ein Stadium der Reiamng voraufgeht, m dem man die Pupille Erweitert findet. Nicht minder bewirken alle diejenigen Zustande, welche m^ittelbar mxe Erregung des pupillenerweiternden Centrums her- b^ttbren, Beizui^smydriasis. So ist es eine bekannte Thatsacbe, dass die Helminthiasis mit wetten Pupillen einhergeht (cf. S e i f f e r t« L c. und Richarz, 1. c); die Ursache hierfür ist in ein^ Bdzung der sensiblen Darmnerven dureh die Eingeweidewürmer zu suchen. Ganz dieselbe Mydriasis sehen wir bei lebhaften Schmerzen in den Eingeweiden, in Folge deren sich nach Duchenne de Boulogne (Oaz. hebdora. 1864, p. 147) sogar die rayotischen Pupillen der Tabetiker erweitern können. Rossbach (Inaug. Diss. Jena 1869) theilt einen Fall mit, wo Druck auf Medtastinaltumoren Erweiterung der Pupille hervorrief, und nach Seiffert (I. c.) kommt Mydiiasis auch bei sog. Tabes meseraica vor. Auch nimmt man an, dass die Erweiterung der Pupille bei der , Bleikotik auf Beizung der sensiblen Eingeweidenerven beruhe, da man bei Nierenstein- und Gallensteinkoliken ebenfalls Pupülenerweiterung auftreten sieht. Das Blei scheint übrigens noch einen specifischen Einftuss auf die Sijmpathisdien Fasern auszuüben; Heymann (Berl. klin. Wochen- wixt. 1860, lÜTr. 19) sah bei Aphasia saturnina auf beiden Seiten gleiehraiesig erweiterte. Ha ase (Zehend. klin. Mtsbl. V, p. 225 — 228) bei Amaurosis saturnina etwas dilatirte, träge reagirende PupiUen bei Spuren quantitativer Licfatempfindung, während in dem von Bau (Arch. f. Ophth. I, 2, p. 205>-208) beschriebenen Falle von ,)Amaurose durch Färben der Kopfhaare mit einem bleihaltigen Mittel^ maximale Mydriams bestand, was offenbar auf eine Affection der pupillenerweitomden Fasern hindeutet. Schmidt (Arch. f. Ophth. XIV, l, p. 29) beobachtete unter den Fällen von „Aocom- modationsbeschränkung bei Zahnleiden^ einige, welche mit geringer, und zwei, welche mit ungewöhnlicher Pupillenweite und etwas trägerer Beweglichkeit einhergingen; doch war diese Erscheinung -- 106 - ^keinenfalk so bedenteBd , um Ideniiis auf LSirnntiig des den Sphincter pupilfaie yersorgenden OcnloiaotoriuBaates zu Beblkssen^. Wahnoheinlich berahte diese Mydriasift auf Tefleotcnriaeher Reiz- wag des pupHtenerweiternden Genlrums durch den Trigerainus, zu- mal da Schmidt die Aceommodationsparese ^dureh intraoovlare Drucksteigeraug, welefae ausgeht von einer reflat^eriseh aogeregteü Rdzimg der vasomotorisdieii NerTen des Auges^ erkl&rt. Wie auch Wecker (1. c. p. 562) bemerkt, fiudet man diese in Folge von Spinalreizung auftretende Mydriasis allerduigs weit seltener yon Ac- eomm<idation8lähmttng begleitet, als die durch Lähmung der pupillen- verengernden Fasern entstandene; die Bemerkung Raehlmann's (1. G. p. 12); dass die auf Sympathiousreizung beruhende Pupilles- erweiterung zum Unterschiede von der bei Oculomotoriusparese vorkommenden neben vollständig intakter Aceommodation bestehe, trifft daher nicht zu. Femer wird^ spasmotisehe Mydriasis häufig durch psychiBcbe Aufregungszustände hervorgerufen. So ist die Mydriasis nadi Seif f er t (1. c.) ein nahezu constantes Symptom der acuten Manie, ebenso findet man sie bei der Melancholie, Bamentlioh aber bei dfr progressiven Paralyse der Irren, wo sie oft einseitig, neben Myoais auf dem anderen Auge, erscheint. Nach Arndt (Oriesinger's Archiv för Psychiatrie etc. II, p. 589 591) ist einseitige Mydriasfs mit Trägheit der Pupillarreactionen ein Ausdruck beginnender Lähmung im Gehirn. Nam^^tlich berechtigt aber einseitige mit Beweglichkeit verbundene Pupillenerweiterung, wenn die Pupillen abwechselnd und in kurzen Zwischenräumen mydriatiscfa und wie- der myotisch werden^ zur Prognose einer bald eintretenden Oeistss- Störung, v. Graefe (Fall von ephemerer und stets aufs Neue aaütauchender Mydriasis. Arch. f. Ophth. III, 2, p. d59-.3d3) be- schreibt einen derartigen Fall von sogenannter „springender^ My- driasis, wo ein sehr häufiges, oft iunerhalb einiger Stunden statt* findendes Altemir^i zwisdien äusserster Mydriasis mit vollkommener Unbeweglichkeit der Pupille und massiger Erweiterung mit geru^r Pupillarreaction - es bestand daneben Amaurose resp. Amblyopie — zu beobachten war, und knüpft daran die Bemerkung, dass er in solchen Fällen meist einige Monate, in einem Falle erst ^4 Jahr nachher, Geistesstörung, und zwar unter d^ Form des Grössen- — 107 — irahüs habe auftreten sehen« Wie Wecker (L c. f>. 56d) angikt^ tritt auch nadi gesdbleohtiieheit Erregni^^i Mydmsis auf. Krankhafte Prooesse^ wekhe das pn;piUeBerweiiernde Ce»- tmm nicht reflectorisch., sondeni anf dem Wege der Mitbewegmif erregen, gibt es ebenfalls eine ganee Anzahl; Bermts früher haben urir gesehen, dass bei Atbembehinderang sich die PuptUen erweitern; Key her (Petersburger med« Zeitschr. 1B68, p. 298) sah plötsHoh starke Dyspnoe und mit ihr Pupälenerweiterung nach Verschlucken eines grossen Fleiscfastftckes eintreten. Auch wurde der Pilpillen^ erweilarung während der Respiration beim Oheyne-StO[kes'schen Athemphänom^i bereits mehrfach gedaclit. Beim eklamptischen Anfall haben wir sodann in der Regel mit dem Beginn desselben PupiUenerweitening mit triger Reaettvni ; nach Litzmann (Deut- sche Klinik 1852, Nr. 30) waren die Pupillen während des An* falls bald contrahirt, bald massig erweitert. Wo man indess maxi- mal erweiterte Pupillen beim eklamptische»! AnftiU findet, besteht m der Regel, wie in den Fällen Ton Lumpe (Wiener med. Woehenscfar. 1854, Nr. 29 und 31) gleichzdtig Amaurose. Auch leitet sich nach Nothnagel (Sammig. klin. Vorträge Nr. 39* p. 6) der epileptische Anfall „in vielen Fällen, sioht in allen, da- mit ein, dass das Oesicht des Patienten blass, seine Pupillen dilatirt werden. Man ist gezwungen, diese Pupilienerweiterung , dieses Erblassen auf eine krampfhafte Verengerung resp. Verschliessung^ der Gesichtsarterien, auf eine Reizung des Halssympathicus zurück* zafihren.^ Wir haben es beim eklamplaschen wie beim epilep- tischen Anfall mit einer Mtterregung des pupillenerw^ternden Geaor trums zu^rleich mit dem in der Medulla oblongata Hegenden Krampfcentrnm zu thun. Ebenso tritt, wie bereits früher erwähnt^ beim Eeuchhustenanfall, ferner bei Brech- und Würgbewegungen Dilatation der Pupille ein. Nach Müller (Deutsche Klinik 1870, Nr. 38) ist auch in manch^i, aber nicht in allen Fällen von Tri* dunose die Pupille etwas erweitert und von träger Reaotion. Auch diese Mydriasis ist ein Reizsymptom, welches, wenn es im Anfang der Erkrankung auftritt, wohl mit den heftigen Ersch^nungen von Seiten des Magens und Darmes in Verbindung zu bringen ist, während in den späteren Stadien die Ursache dafür in der er* schwerten Respiration und Herzschwäche zu suchen sein mag. Als eine Folge der Anämie des Gehirns (der Medutla oblongata P) — 108 — fiut»t Gerhardt (Ldirb. der Aaseultati^n wid PercQwon. 9. Aufl; p. 298) die ErweiteriHig der Pttpffle auf, wel^e naeh ihm häufig bei MitraUtenote gegw Ende der laspiratioB anftriM und im Laafe der Exspiration ei&er WiedenrereDgertt&g weii^it. ^8ie etltstehl dadoroh, dass die Respirath>n den ohnehin scbwaoben Aortenstrom »oeh mehr absehwäeht, eo daas am Sehlnese der Inspiration die üimanämie bis 2um Gb'ade der Pupillenerweiteraiig ansteigt.^ Ed handelt sich auch hier wohl um dne Beiznngsmydriaais. Baehl- mann (I. c. p. 10) ist endlich noch der Ansicht, dass auch die Mydriasis, welche steh reg^nässig bei Pbtfaisikern findet, auf Be* hinderung der Athmung zuruekzufähren sei; indess ist hier wohl die Anämie und Kachexie vorzugsweise ansusehuidigen, da die Dyspnoe gewöhnlieh doeh erst im lotsten Stadium der Krankheit in Betracht kommt. In gleicherweise wie durch meohanisehe Beizung des Hals- und des verKuigerten Markes wird die spasmotische Mydriasis durch Prooesse hervorgerufen , welche > die pupilknerweitemden Fasern auf ihrem Wege durch den. Haissympathicue, den Trigeminus VL, 8. w. bis zum Auge hin treffen. Alle Erkrankungen^ wollte durch Gompression die Sympathieusfasern gewöhnlich lähm^i, wie Geschwülste und Aneurysmen, bringen hier ebenso wie die Bücken- markstumoren und *-entzttndungen eine Mydriasis zu Stande, imdk Beizung der pupillen erweiternden Fasern. Ogle (1. c.) fand dieselbe Mydriasis wie bei elektrischer Beizung des Sympatitiens bei Oarcinom der Cervicaldrüsen, bei Aortenaneurysmen und auch bei einer entzündlichen Infiltration der Drüsen nach Scarlatina. | 47,081 |
Subsets and Splits