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(1) The entrance of water into the soil or rocks by all natural processes, including the infiltration of precipitation or snowmelt, gravity flow of streams into the valley alluvium into sinkholes or other large openings, and the movement of atmospheric moisture. (2) The uptake of water or dissolved chemicals by a cell or an organism (as tree roots absorb dissolved nutrients in soil).
The way for a person to enter a lake usually with a boat. Types of accesses include: easement access, funnel access, lake access and public access.
The adaptation by an organism to new physical and/or environmental conditions. With respect to water, it is frequently used in reference to the ability of a species to tolerate changes in water temperature, degradation of water quality, or increased levels of salinity.
The act of adding oxygen. In Lake management it is adding oxygen to the water to stabilize the oxygen for beneficial bacteria, fish and other life forms.
Occurring in the presence of oxygen or requiring oxygen to live. In aerobic respiration, which is the process used by the cells of most organisms, the production of energy from glucose metabolism requires the presence of oxygen.
Measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize acids, which can limit dangerous pH swings caused by the introduction of highly acidic or basic substances, the effects of which can be compounded by the consequent loss of plant, algal, and other aquatic life.
Occurring in the absence of oxygen or not requiring oxygen to live. Anaerobic bacteria produce energy from food molecules without the presence of oxygen.
The need for oxygen to meet the needs of biological and chemical processes in water. Even though very little oxygen will dissolve in water, it is extremely important in biological and chemical processes. The lack of oxygen leads to fish kills, stratification, high algae and midge fly concentrations.
A map showing the depth (bottom contours) of water in lakes, streams, or oceans. Can be used to calculate lake volume.
The bottom zone of a lake.
A measure of the amount of oxygen removed from aquatic environments by aerobic micro-organisms for their metabolic requirements. Measurement of BOD is used to determine the level of organic pollution of a stream or lake. The greater the BOD, the greater the degree of water pollution. The amount of dissolved oxygen needed to break down organic materials to carbon dioxide, water, and minerals in a given volume of water at a certain temperature over a specified time period. Also, referred to as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD).
CO2 gas is a product of respiration and a necessity for photosynthesis. High levels of dissolved CO2 in the water can stress or kill fish.
A measure of Eutrophication of a body of water using a combination of measures of water transparency or turbidity (using Secchi Disk depth recordings), Chlorophyll-a concentrations, and total phosphorus levels. TSI measures range from a scale 20-80 and from Oligotrophic waters (maximum transparency, minimum chlorophyll-a, minimum phosphorus) through Mesotrophic, Eutrophic, to Hypereutrophic waters (minimum transparency, maximum chlorophyll-a, maximum phosphorus). Also referred to as the (Mean) Trophic State Index (TSI). Also see Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN) and Total Inorganic Phosphate (TIP).
The carrying capacity of a lake refers to its natural productivity. In relation to fish production, or other aquatic life, the numbers which the natural food supply, or pasturage, will support adequately.
A group of green algae, visible to the naked eye, with a characteristic structure in which the ‘stems’ are very large single cells, from which whorls of similarly constructed branches emerge. Charophytes are anchored in sediments by branching cellular systems, not roots. They often deposit calcium carbonate giving them a rough texture and the common name of ‘stoneworts’, though not all do this.
One of the major inorganic anions in water and waste-water. In coastal communities chloride levels may be high due to saltwater intrusion. Levels exceeding 600 mg/L are generally unsuitable for irrigation. Surface waters containing more than 250 mg/L chloride will have a detectable salty taste.
Chemical Oxygen Demand – In environmental chemistry COD test is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of organic compounds in water. Most applications of COD determine the amount of organic pollutants found in lakes and rivers, making it a useful measure of water quality. It is expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L), which indicates the mass of oxygen consumed per liter of solution.
The ability of water to carry an electrical current.
This metal is an active ingredient of certain herbicides, especially copper sulfate (bluestone), which is frequently used to control algae. High concentrations of copper ions can be toxic to fish, especially trout. Copper applied to ponds with soft or acidic water is more toxic to aquatic life than in ponds with hard or alkaline water.
Vertical mixing within a lake or reservoir to totally or partially eliminate separate layers of temperature, plant, or animal life.
Any of the microscopic unicellular or colonial algae constituting the class Bacillarieae. They have a silicified cell wall, which persists as a skeleton after death and forms kieselguhr (loose or porous diatomite). Diatoms occur abundantly in fresh and salt waters, in soil, and as fossils. They form a large part of the Plankton.
The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Turbulent diffusion results from atmospheric motions diffusing water, vapor, heat, and other gaseous components by exchanging parcels called eddies between regions in space in apparent random fashion.
The amount of oxygen dissolved in a body of water as an indication of the degree of health of the water and its ability to support a balanced aquatic ecosystem.
A lake characterized by a lack of nutrients, and often having a low pH (acidic) and a high humus content. Plant and animal life are typically sparse, and the water has a high oxygen demand. This stage follows the Eutrophic Phase in the life cycle of a lake.
A place where fresh and salt water mix, such as a bay, salt marsh, or where a river enters an ocean.
The process of enrichment of lakes with nutrients, and the biological and physical changes associated with the process.
An aquatic herbicide commonly used to control pest plants in lakes. If the lake is also used for irrigation, a fluridone test may be necessary to ensure levels are safe for turf.
Water that contains less than 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of dissolved solids, including salt; generally, more than 500 mg/L of dissolved solids is undesirable for drinking.
An indication of the concentration of alkaline salts in water, mainly calcium and magnesium that affects the quality.
A layer of solid material, such as rock or clay, which does not allow water to pass through.
The most common element in the earth. In Freshwater, when the concentrations become to high they precipitates on exposure to air, decreasing pond clarity and encouraging iron bacteria, which affects the flavor of both fish and water. Levels greater than 0.3 mg/L can cause staining on buildings and sidewalks when the water is used for irrigation.
Process by which soluble materials in the soil, such as nutrients, salts, contaminants or pesticide chemicals, are washed into a lower layer of soil or are dissolved and carried away by water.
Ponds or lakes (standing water).
Any of numerous minute dipterous insects, especially of the family Chironomidae, somewhat resembling a mosquito.
To lessen in force, moderate or make less severe. In aquatic management it is used to denote actions taken to restore or replace lake, pond or wetland areas that have been damaged or lost due to commercial or environmental factors.
Unit of measure for the turbidity or cloudiness of water as measured by a nephelometer. Turbidity is based on the amount of light that is reflected off particles in the water.
A product of the natural metabolism of plant and animal matter, and fertilizer runoff. Organic nitrogen can take many forms in water, including Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonia. When available, these nutrients promote plant and algae growth. Ammonia concentrations below 0.3 mg/L significantly limit plant and algae populations.
Diffuse pollution caused by sediment, nutrients, organic and toxic substances originating from land-use activities, which are carried to lakes and streams by surface runoff. Non-point source pollution is contamination that occurs when rainwater, or irrigation washes off fields, streets, or backyards. As this runoff moves across the land surface, it picks up soil particles and pollutants, such as nutrients and pesticides.
Plant or animal residues, or substances made by living organisms. All are based upon carbon compounds.
Ability of a material to allow the passage of a liquid, such as water through rocks. Permeable materials, such as gravel and sand, allow water to move quickly through them, whereas impermeable material, such as clay, don’t allow water to flow freely.
Any substance or mixture of substances used to prevent, destroy, repel or mitigate any pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacterium), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, spread disease or are a vector for disease or cause a nuisance.
Small organisms that float or drift in great numbers in bodies of salt or fresh water. Plankton is a primary food source for many animals, and consists of bacteria, protozoans, certain algae, cnidarians, tiny crustaceans, and many other organisms.
Water pollution coming from a single point, such as a pipe.
Pertaining to the bank of a body of water, the water’s edge.
Epilimnion – top of the lake.
Thermocline – middle layer that may change depth throughout the day.
Hypolimnion – the bottom layer is colder, denser and often lacks oxygen to support life and the breakdown of nutrients.
The thermal stratification of lakes refers to a change in the temperature at different depths in the lake, and is due to the change in water’s density with temperature. Cold water is denser than warm water. Where lake water warms up and cools, a cyclical pattern of overturn occurs that is repeated from year to year as the densest water at the top of the lake sinks.
Attraction of molecules to each other on a liquid’s surface creating a barrier is created between the air and the liquid.
Water that is on the Earth’s surface, such as in a stream, river, lake, or reservoir.
Amount of solid particles that are suspended in water and that cause light rays shining through the water to scatter. Thus, turbidity makes the water cloudy or even opaque in extreme cases. Turbidity is measured in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Lack of clarity, muddy, cloudy – in natural waters it is caused by the presence of suspended solids such as silt, clay, fine organic and inorganic matter, plankton and other microscopic organisms.
The chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose.
The land that sheds water from the surface or underground into the same place, often a pond or lake. | https://www.aquaticsystems.com/resources/glossary/ |
For this month’s blog, I’d like to visit one of my favourite interview questions – and not just because it was a question that was actually posed to me during my interview!
Before sharing the question, I’d like to explain why I like it so much. First and foremost, this question is typical of the sometimes wacky way that interview questions are delivered. The interviewer knows that you most likely have the answer buried somewhere inside your head, but the question is delivered in a novel or unusual format – in such a way to set you on your back foot and force you to think that much harder to understand exactly what answer they are looking for. Next, these questions are typically broad in scope, and can often be answered by drawing on knowledge from all three sciences. This is very typical of a NatSci interview question where the interviewers are looking for students who can demonstrate a strong and familiar handle on all of the sciences, not just one.
So the question… “Can you please provide at least 5 reasons why fish are slimy?”
As you see, this questions comes across initially as quite comic, and is likely not a question that you have ever faced before! But there is lots of great science waiting to be discussed here. So, what are the answers? Well, let’s start with the simplest one – defense. Defense can actually be split into two forms – the first is defense against predation. Have you ever tried to grab a fish? It’s really hard and that is entirely on purpose! If you think of all predators of fish, they typically have adaptations they enable them to spear, impale (or inhale!) their prey, in order to overcome their inability to grip them. The next form of defense is that against parasites. The slimy layer coating a fish’s scales helps prevent parasites such as copepods from latching on.
So what else? Well, let’s pull an example from physics. That slimy layer is also helping fish with locomotion, by reducing the co-efficient of friction between the fish and the water as it moves. By reducing the co-efficient of friction, and hence the amount of drag that the fish experiences, the fish can expend less energy which has obvious survival benefits.
What about a more molecular example? A good one might be osmosis! What happens to you when you spend too long in the bath? Your toes and fingers wrinkle as they swell from the water moving across the semi-permeable membranes of your skin cells, down a water potential gradient. So in fish, that slimy layer could be helping protect against the gain or loss of water, depending if that fish is found in salt or freshwater.
At this point, we are up to four reasons why fish are slimy, but I will leave it up to you to come up with a few more. As you can see from the examples I have shared so far, it is good to think outside the box. Even if you don’t know, never feel shy to share any sensible suggestions you might have on what benefits that slimy layer might bring to the fish (one clue for you… how do fish communicate with each other?)
One final point when answering this question; early on, you should try and classify what the slime on the fish actually is. Hopefully, you will guess correctly that the slime is very similar to human mucus and thus could have a similar role in protecting against pathogens. Anyway, on that note, I will leave you to think up some more reasons why fish are slimy!
Our Oxbridge-graduate consultants are available between 9.00 am – 5.00 pm from Monday to Friday, with additional evening availability when requested. | https://oxbridgeapplications.com/blog/a-slippery-question/ |
Yana: I just don’t understand. We used to fish here all the time as kids, and we always caught a lot of fish. We’ve been here three hours and haven’t caught a single fish.
Brandy: Two words: acid rain. The water in the lake is probably acidic from acid rain, and many types of fish are not able to survive in acidic water. Before long, acid rain may wipe out most of the fish in this lake.
Yana: So the acid rain is decreasing the biodiversity within the lake’s ecosystem.
Brandy: Yes. As the lake becomes more acidic, the numbers and types of fish, plants and animals that live in the lake decrease.
Yana: And there’s nothing we can do about it?
Brandy: Well, to reduce acid rain, we can clean up the oil and coal power plants that cause it or use more renewable resources, such as solar power and wind power.
Now let’s review the vocabulary
Acid rain is rain that contains dangerous chemicals (due to smoke from burning fossil fuels that contain sulfur) and that damages trees, crops, buildings, fish in lakes and streams, and other things.
To wipe out means to destroy something completely.
Biodiversity is the different kinds of plants and animals that exist in an environment. It is the variety of life.
An ecosystem is everything that exists in a particular environment, including living things, such as plants and animals, and things that are not living, such as rocks, soil, sunlight and water.
Reduce means to make something smaller or to decrease. In environmental contexts, it often means to use less of something or to use fewer resources.
A renewable resource is a resource that comes from things that will not run out or that is naturally replenished, such as solar power or wind power.
Solar power is energy that comes from the sun.
Wind power is energy that comes from the movement of air. | http://learnenglish.vn/english/isnt-rain-good-for-the-environment/ |
Psychiatrists · Physicians who diagnose, treat, and help prevent disorders of the mind.
Occupational Tasks · Analyze and evaluate patient data and test findings to diagnose nature and extent of mental disorder.
· Prescribe, direct, and administer psychotherapeutic treatments or medications to treat mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders.
· Collaborate with physicians, psychologists, social workers, psychiatric nurses, or other professionals to discuss treatment plans and progress.
· Gather and maintain patient information and records, including social and medical history obtained from patients, relatives, and other professionals.
· Counsel outpatients and other patients during office visits.
· Design individualized care plans, using a variety of treatments.
· Examine or conduct laboratory or diagnostic tests on patient to provide information on general physical condition and mental disorder.
· Advise and inform guardians, relatives, and significant others of patients' conditions and treatment.
· Review and evaluate treatment procedures and outcomes of other psychiatrists and medical professionals.
· Teach, conduct research, and publish findings to increase understanding of mental, emotional, and behavioral states and disorders.
· Prepare and submit case reports and summaries to government and mental health agencies.
· Serve on committees to promote and maintain community mental health services and delivery systems. | https://missourieconomy.org/regional/profile/OccProfile/default.aspx?SocCode=291066&area_code=2915000001 |
A Physician refers to a person that is a member of the health care profession, one that gives medical companies or even remedies. A Health care Doctor is actually a doctor that belongs to the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCS) and also has a clinical doctorate level. The RCASS is the specialist body in UK that regulates itself the tasks of mental health experts and also medical professionals in general. The Royal University of Psychiatrists (RCAS) also controls the psychiatric tasks of mental health experts in the nation. Houston, TX PA Anthony Simon
A Medical Expert, on the other hand, is a health care expert who has graduated coming from a clinical college and has actually trained as an MD or M.D. A Medical Specialist can easily be a doctor, medical policeman, nurse, pharmacy manager, medical doctor assistant, oral specialist, doctor, mental health expert, physiologist, and chiropractor.
People that want to come to be Medical Practitioners may go to medical colleges and also acquire degrees. Most of these medical universities and universities have several divisions, and also numerous of all of them have been actually lately accredited through the Royal University of Psychiatrists and also the American Board of Medical Examiners (ABME).
Medical practitioners may focus on a details branch of medication. Given that they really feel that they could possibly better assist out in that certain branch of health care scientific research, they do this. There are actually 3 major field of expertises within the area of medication. This includes General Practitioners, Specialist Practitioners, as well as Supervisor of Method. The following is even more info regarding each expertise.
Family doctor: These physicians typically provide specific procedure to patients who visit their offices for inspections or appointment. These medical practitioners commonly care for all the routine medical requirements of their individuals. They serve as key connect with for the physician, the patient, as well as their family and friends. These physicians have completed a 3-year postgraduate degree coming from a permitted health care college or educational institution. They likewise go through specialized training coming from identified medical centers and also schools.
Expert Professional: These specialists provide services for specific health care issues. They are actually typically involved in the prognosis, therapy, and also avoidance of illness, health care ailments, and health care treatments. These medical professionals function under the direction of skilled doctors and also execute the encouraged therapies in their personal unique means.
Supervisor of Method: This style of medical expert jobs under the path of a main treatment medical professional or overall practitioner. These professionals are actually responsible for supervising the practice of primary health care providers and also medical professionals.
Ultrasound Examination Doctor: This type of physician jobs only in centers or health centers giving medical or analysis services. They do not carry out any medical procedure in the house. They are actually trained only in using ultrasound makers and also should be actually licensed through an individual association including the American Panel of Medical Specializeds (ABMS). All ultrasound doctor are actually needed to pass a written test just before performing.
Medical Assistant: A medical assistant delivers general clinical workplace support to patients in the doctor’s office. They do fundamental functionalities such as enrolling patients, assisting medical doctors in tests and making sure that filings are actually accurately completed and sent out to the method. They can easily perform slight duties such as responding to telephone call and also greeting clients. Medical aides perform even more in-depth job like taking patients’ medical past histories as well as carrying out small diagnostic exams. They may likewise help medical doctors in patient follow-up treatments.
Certified Practical Registered Nurse (LPN): An LPN is actually a medical expert that has earned a degree coming from an approved nursing institution and also has been authorized by the state panel. Individuals can easily likewise receive certified as an LPN through completing an associate level plan from an area university.
Qualified Qualified Programmer (CPC): These physician are qualified to code patient clinical papers. The act of coding assists medical insurance companies figure out the individual’s qualifications for coverage. To come to be a qualified qualified programmer, clients need to pass a licensed capabilities examination given due to the American Affiliation of Expert Coders (AAPC) and also pass the country wide standard accreditation exam given by the American Health Relevant Information Administration Organization (AHIMA). Prospects that effectively pass both the license as well as the examination examination are considered suitable for job innovation within the doctor career field.
The phrase “doctor” involves a vast stable of people. A radiologist, a cardiologist, a psychotherapist, a doctor associate, anesthesiologists, dental plastic surgeons and also nurses are but a few of the line of work within this extensive term involves. An individual who keeps any kind of one of these clinical line of work is actually mentioned to be a “qualified”. Typically, probably that they have the skills to deliver qualified maintain people.
This expert treatment begins way back in ancient times, when early guy to begin with arrived right into contact along with other wild life forms. One of the earliest captured encounters along with individual beings who possessed huge teeth is actually found in the historical file which took place in Europe in the course of the Paleolithic Period.
Throughout background, health care specialties have actually been actually regarded with treating patients of all living microorganisms. The industry of medicine has undergone remarkable evolution over the years. There are numerous other examples of medical specializeds whose essential reason has actually been to handle or even treat condition.
Prior to this specialty being created, all health care professionals were predominantly involved with the procedure of conditions affecting the body system as a whole. Today, it focuses mostly on delivering health care focus to those enduring from dangerous clinical health conditions.
Specialties within this specific field package mainly with serious brain traumas, movement, various sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, as well as human brain cancer cells. Neuromuscular Medication is actually also an expanding specialized within the health care area. Instances of these medical specialties are actually pediatric medicines, neurology, plastic surgical operation, thoracic surgical procedure, veterinarian medication and orthopedics. | https://www.3rd-wing.com/2021/03/28/10-wonderful-reasons-medical-professional-is-using-this-method-for-exposure/ |
Psychiatrists and psychologists are both doctors in one since of the word. They both have doctoral degrees: the highest level of education in our academic system. But only psychiatrists are medical doctors. Psychologists distinguish themselves as mental health service providers and researchers.
Here is a look at the differences in training and job roles between the two professions.
Psychiatrists attend medical school for four years. They learn the same skills that general practitioners do. They dissect tissue, perform simulated medical procedures, and do clinical rotations in hospital wards. After medical school, they complete a full four years of residency. Only at this point do they specialize in psychiatric medicine. Residency is the stage where psychiatrists begin to draw a small salary – a much lower one than they will eventually command.
Psychiatrists begin their residency the same way a general practitioner does: with at least a few months spent practicing general medicine; they also get some experience in neurology. In subsequent years, they focus on psychiatric medicine. Some psychiatrists continue into a fellowship program and do a year or more of work in a sub-specialty. In other words, it may take as many as nine or ten more years after the bachelor’s before a psychiatrist is fully trained.
Psychologists, meanwhile, earn PhDs or PsyD degrees. They study the components of human behavior, from sensation and perception to complex social processes. They learn scientific skills like statistics, research methodology and design, and psychometrics. They may focus on direct or indirect service. Psychologists in applied branches do a one year internship before their degree is conferred. Like doctors, they typically go through a matching process. They sometimes have the option of completing the internship half-time.
Psychologists typically complete the equivalent of one additional year working under supervision before they achieve full licensure.
Psychiatrists have the most training in managing the physical aspects of mental illness. They also are best able to judge when psychiatric symptoms may be caused by an underlying physical condition, for example, an autoimmune disorder or hormone imbalance. They may order medical tests. Psychiatrists write prescriptions and monitor patient’s physical health while on medication. In some cases, they even perform other medical treatments.
In most cases, psychologists are prohibited from giving medical care, though they often consult with medical doctors and sometimes offer suggestions. Psychologists are experts at administering assessments like tests of IQ and cognitive function; they often conduct whole batteries of tests. Like other mental health professionals, they may assess emotional status, write treatment plans, and perform psychotherapy. They are more likely to work in educational settings than psychiatrists are. Some give expert testimony and/or determine competence to stand trial.
In rare instances, psychologists do prescribe medication, at least under consultation or with limitations. Two states, New Mexico and Louisiana, allow psychologists who have pursued additional education and training to write prescriptions for psychiatric medications. Military psychologists may also be trained to prescribe medication. Psychiatrists and psychologists are both allowed to go into private practice, and their duties may overlap; clients are free to choose their favored professional for psychotherapy. Either professional may analyze patient’s problems and talk them through them or perform therapies like biofeedback. Both psychologists and psychiatrists can embark on careers in research.
When they work for managed care and other large organizations, the duties of medical professionals are often compartmentalized – the organization doesn’t want to pay a psychiatrist salary for something another mental health professional could do.
Psychiatrists make significantly higher salaries. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a mean annual wage of $177,520 in May of 2012. Clinical, school, and counseling psychologists earned $72,220 during that same time period. | https://www.psychologist-license.com/types-of-psychologists/psychologist-versus-psychiatrist.html |
A Physician describes an individual that is a member of the medical line of work, one that delivers medical solutions or remedies. A Medical Physician is actually a doctor that is a member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCS) as well as keeps a clinical doctoral degree. The RCASS is actually the professional body in UK that governs itself the tasks of psychoanalysts and also medical professionals as a whole. In reality, the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCAS) likewise governs the psychological tasks of psychological wellness experts in the country. Karl Anthony Simon, Houston, Texas
A Physician, on the other hand, is actually a medical professional who has graduated from a health care university as well as has qualified as an MD or even M.D. They are actually the ones that prescribe medicine to their individuals. The primary aim of physicians is actually to heal the individual of their ailment. A Physician can be a doctor, clinical police officer, nurse, drug store supervisor, medical doctor assistant, dental surgeon, doctor, physiologist, psychiatrist, and chiropractic specialist. Several of all of them also practice confidentially, as experts.
There are several areas where Physicians work. These industries consist of Cardiology, Dermatology, ENT, Pediatric Medicine, Radiology, Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Pediatric Medicine, Drug Store, Rheumatology, and Occupational Therapy. These areas are expanding each day, as there are a number of brand-new areas opening up daily. Individuals who intend to end up being Medical Practitioners can easily participate in medical universities as well as get degrees. The majority of these clinical universities as well as colleges have a number of branches, and many of all of them have been lately approved due to the Royal College of Psychiatrists and also the American Board of Medical Supervisors (ABME).
Doctors can concentrate on a certain branch of medication. They do this because they experience that they can much better assist during that particular branch of health care scientific research. There are three main expertises within the field of medication. This features General Practitioners, Expert Practitioners, and Director of Process. The following is extra information regarding each specialization.
Gp: These doctors commonly provide specific procedure to individuals who explore their offices for inspections or even consultation. These doctors normally deal with all the routine health care demands of their people. They work as main connect with for the physician, the client, as well as their friends and family. These doctors have completed a 3-year postgraduate degree coming from an accepted clinical college or even educational institution. They additionally undergo focused instruction from identified medical centers and also colleges.
Specialist Practitioner: These practitioners provide services for specific health care complications. They are often associated with the medical diagnosis, therapy, as well as deterrence of health conditions, medical problems, and health care methods. These doctors function under the guidance of knowledgeable doctors and execute the encouraged treatments in their own unique techniques.
Supervisor of Practice: This sort of physician jobs under the path of a medical care physician or gp. These experts are in charge of overseeing the strategy of key health care providers as well as physician. The duties as well as duties of the Supervisor of Process consist of the management of monetary matters, records, payment, insurance policy proof, and other necessary business-related activities. They additionally have the power to opt for which physician work under them and approve their methods.
Ultrasound Medical Specialist: This type of clinical qualified jobs only in hospitals or even facilities giving analysis or surgical solutions. All ultrasound examination medical professionals are actually needed to pass a written test prior to practicing.
Clinical Associate: A clinical assistant offers standard clinical workplace assistance to clients in the physician’s office. Health care associates carry out more comprehensive work like taking patients’ clinical backgrounds and also carrying out small diagnostic examinations.
Accredited Practical Nurse (LPN): An LPN is a health care professional who has actually gotten a degree coming from an accredited nursing college and has actually been authorized by the state panel. Individuals can additionally get accredited as an LPN through completing an associate degree program coming from an area university.
Certified Qualified Coder (CPC): These doctor are trained to code individual clinical papers. The action of coding assists medical insurance companies determine the client’s qualification for protection. To come to be a licensed expert coder, people need to pass a qualified abilities examination provided by the American Affiliation of Professional Coders (AAPC) and also pass the nationally standardized license test offered due to the American Health And Wellness Information Administration Affiliation (AHIMA). Prospects who properly pass both the certification as well as the test exam are thought about suited for profession advancement within the doctor profession area.
The term “medical professional” incorporates a wide variety of folks. An individual that holds any kind of one of these clinical careers is pointed out to be a “qualified”.
This expert care begins way back in prehistoric opportunities, when very early guy initially came right into call with various other crazy life types. One of the earliest tape-recorded rendezvous along with human beings that had large teeth is located in the archaeological record which took spot in Europe during the Paleolithic Era.
Throughout record, health care specializeds have been actually worried about treating clients of all residing organisms. The field of medication has undertaken significant evolution over the years. One example of such a progression is the contraceptive pill. This pill is utilized today to stop maternity however was actually once made use of to address women that suffered from gynecological complications. There are actually a lot of various other examples of health care specializeds whose standard purpose has been actually to treat or treat disease. Such instances consist of chemotherapy, immunology, radiology, gastroenterology, cardiology and also many more.
Eventually, several medical specialties cultivated and also started to focus on specific places. An instance of this particular is actually the region of urgent medicine. Prior to this specialty being actually created, all doctors were predominantly interested in the therapy of illness affecting the body system in its entirety. Unexpected emergency medicine having said that, started off as a procedure room-type field of expertise. Today, it centers generally on providing clinical attention to those struggling with deadly medical health conditions.
An additional expertise that started building in latest past history is actually neurosurgery. Neurology deals with disorders impacting the human brain, typically featuring those along with affiliated impairments. Specialties within this specific area bargain primarily with extreme brain accidents, movement, a number of sclerosis, Parkinson’s health condition, spastic paralysis, and mind cancer cells. Neuromuscular Medicine is also a developing specialty within the medical field. Neuromuscular is actually included with health conditions that affect the muscles and also cells of the physical body. Instances of these medical specialties are pediatrics, neurology, cosmetic surgery, thoracic surgery, vet medicine and orthopedics. | http://twotails.biz/2021/03/25/10-wonderful-reasons-why-medical-professional-is-utilizing-this-technique-for-exposure/ |
Depression is on the rise. So is suicide, particularly among young people and military veterans. And Pennsylvania recently concluded that addressing mental health needs is the best defense against school shootings.
Yet, because of a shortage of psychiatrists, people commonly wait six months for an appointment in central Pennsylvania. That means some people badly in need of help continue suffering, and may become dangerous to themselves or others, before they can begin getting better.
“It’s terrible,” says Marge Chapman, executive director of the the Dauphin County chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness, or NAMI.
Kathleen Zwierzyna, head of the NAMI chapter for Cumberland and Perry counties, tells of a relative who waited more than five months for an appointment with a psychiatrist. “We know many families who have lived through it,” she says.
Long waits extend to young people who show signs of mental illness at school and are referred by school staff, says Dan Daniels, executive director of the NAMI organization serving York and Adams counties.
Nearly half of Pennsylvania counties have no psychiatrist, says Christine Michaels, CEO of NAMI Keystone Pennsylvania.
“Yet there’s a crisis with suicide,” she says, noting areas that lack psychiatrists tend to be economically-depressed and have higher rates of depression among residents.
Psychiatrists, who are medical doctors, play a key role in diagnosing mental illness and deciding what treatment and medication should be used. Sometimes, symptoms return in patients who have been doing well, putting them in need of a psychiatrist to change or adjust their medication.
When people experiencing mental illness have to wait to be diagnosed, or begin medication or have it adjusted, it can disrupt their ability to work, attend school or care for their family, says Dr. Erika Saunders, chair of psychiatry at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Worse, it can put them at high risk of having to be hospitalized, ending up in jail or committing suicide, she says
Beyond that, delays can trigger other health problems and cause harrowing and destabilizing times for families. “There is a huge burden on families who are trying to care for their loved one,” Saunders says.
One central Pennsylvania resident who doesn’t want his name published experienced a return of a condition that had been well-controlled for years with medication. He learned his Harrisburg-area psychiatrist had retired. He says he contacted the area’s three major health systems: Penn State Health, UPMC Pinnacle and Geisinger Holy Spirit.
None could offer a near-term appointment, he says. One provided a list of private psychiatrists, but none were available. One suggested he try again in fall.
“We have a severe shortage of mental health professionals,” Saunders says. “We’re doing our best to care for [the sickest] patients, but we need to expand access for all patients.”
The shortage is severe not only in Pennsylvania but in much of the United States.
According to Merritt Hawkins, a health care recruiting and consulting firm, about 60 percent of the nation’s 30,450 psychiatrists are 55 or older — meaning the country will soon face a wave of retirements.
Moreover, about 1 in 20 people have a severe mental illness, with the number increasing as the result of aging baby boomers.
Pennsylvania has only 62 percent of the psychiatrists it would take to fully meet the need, according to Merritt Hawkins. Still, Pennsylvania is relatively well-off — only half the states have enough psychiatrists to meet 50 percent of their need, Merritt Hawkins says.
Much of the problem stems from from funding and the fact insurers tend to pay less for so-called “behavioral” health care than for care for physical conditions. Merritt Hawkins notes that, unlike specialties such as cardiology or orthopedics, psychiatry isn’t a “profit center” for health systems. Psychiatric conditions typically can’t be remedied with quick procedures and instead require long-term treatment.
Similar to family medicine, lower reimbursements can discourage young doctors from becoming psychiatrists, especially those with high student debt.
Yet it’s not solely a problem of being able to recruit enough young psychiatrists. Medical schools are having some success in recruiting more young doctors into psychiatry, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges.
However, the number of residency training spots for psychiatrists is largely dependent on funding from Medicare, and the number of Medicare-funded residencies has been frozen since 1997, according to the association.
Meanwhile, stigma surrounding mental illness persists. Because of it, people often endure a mental illness for years before seeking help, according to advocates and experts.
The Merritt Hawkins report says, “As a general rule, mental health problems in the United States, their causes, cures and those who suffer from them, tend to be swept under the carpet.”
Psychiatrists aren’t the only medical professionals who provide important care for people with mental illness. The others include psychologists, who commonly provide “talk therapy,” and nurse practitioners and physician assistants specializing in mental health care.
But those are also in short supply, according to advocates.
As it stands, family doctors often up prescribing psychiatric medications, especially for conditions such as depression and anxiety. It’s better than nothing. Still, many family doctors are uncomfortable prescribing or adjusting medication for severe mental illness. Advocates also say it’s important to see a psychiatrist early on to make sure the right medication and dose has been prescribed. After that, the patient typically sees the psychiatrist periodically for medication checks, while receiving other treatment from non-psychiatrists.
Video conferencing is being used to extend the reach of psychiatrists, enabling them to consult with doctors and patients in remote locations. It’s increasingly being used in more urban areas, enabling psychiatrists to consult with doctors in local emergency rooms.
According to Penn State Health’s Saunders, another promising idea involves a team-based approach. The team is centered at the family medical practice, and includes one or more mental health specialists who aren’t psychiatrists to provide therapy and follow up with patients. A psychiatrist would consult with other team members regarding care of patients, but only see patients with the most intense needs.
Another move that could help, according to Michaels, is for Pennsylvania to change state law to allow nurse practitioners who specialize in mental health care to independently prescribe medications. As it stands, they can do so only as part of a formal arrangement with a physician.
Michaels tells of a relative who needed a medication change the family doctor didn’t feel qualified to make. While waiting weeks to see a psychiatrist, the relative had a crisis and had to be hospitalized. Michaels believes the crisis might have been avoided if the relative could have gone to a nurse practitioner.
There remains a need for health care and policy leaders and mental health professionals to collaborate on models for addressing the shortage. It could take years, advocates say.
For now, even people hospitalized for psychiatric conditions often struggle to connect with a psychiatrist after leaving the hospital, says Cindy Richard, the director of Suicide Prevention of York. That can have grave consequences, she says.
“It’s easier for them to give up than to continue their treatment,” she says. | http://www.medicalhealthnews.net/bpsychiatristb-shortage-causing-suffering-risk-of-jail-and-suicide-in-central-pa |
A Medical Professional refers to a person that is a member of the clinical line of work, one that supplies medical solutions or even cures. A Health care Doctor is actually a physician who belongs to the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCS) as well as holds a clinical doctorate degree. The RCASS is actually the expert body system in UK that controls on its own the tasks of mental health experts and doctors typically. In reality, the Royal College of Psychiatrists (RCAS) also regulates the psychiatric tasks of psychological health professionals in the country. Karl Anthony Simon, Houston
A Physician, meanwhile, is a medical professional that has gotten a degree from a clinical university and also has actually qualified as an MD or M.D. They are actually the ones who recommend treatment to their people. The principal aim of medical practitioners is actually to treat the patient of their health problem. A Doctor could be a medical professional, health care officer, nurse practitioner, pharmacy supervisor, doctor associate, oral plastic surgeon, doctor, physiologist, psychoanalyst, and also chiropractic specialist. A number of them also perform independently, as specialists.
People who desire to come to be Health care Professionals can join medical universities and get levels. Most of these medical colleges and also colleges have a number of branches, and many of all of them have been recently accredited by the Royal University of Psychiatrists and also the American Board of Medical Inspectors (ABME).
Physicians may focus on a specific division of medication. They do this given that they really feel that they might much better assist because particular division of medical science. There are three principal expertises within the industry of medication. This consists of General Practitioners, Professional Practitioners, and Supervisor of Method. The following is a lot more relevant information concerning each field of expertise.
These medical professionals ordinarily take treatment of all the regular health care requirements of their individuals. These medical practitioners have accomplished a 3-year postgraduate level coming from an authorized health care college or educational institution.
Specialist Professional: These practitioners specialize in particular clinical problems. They are actually generally involved in the medical diagnosis, treatment, as well as prevention of diseases, clinical conditions, and medical techniques. These medical professionals operate under the guidance of professional physicians as well as carry out the suggested therapies in their very own exclusive techniques.
Director of Practice: This kind of health care qualified jobs under the direction of a main treatment physician or standard specialist. These specialists are actually liable for monitoring the practice of major health treatment providers as well as medical specialists.
Ultrasound Examination Medical Expert: This style of health care expert works only in facilities or medical centers supplying diagnostic or even surgical services. All ultrasound examination clinical specialists are actually demanded to pass a composed examination prior to engaging in.
Clinical Aide: A health care associate delivers essential medical workplace support to clients in the doctor’s office. Medical assistants do even more in-depth work like taking individuals’ health care histories and also doing minor analysis examinations.
Certified Practical Nurse (LPN): An LPN is a medical expert who has actually graduated from a recognized nursing institution and also has actually been authorized by the state board. People can additionally receive accredited as an LPN by accomplishing an associate degree system coming from an area college.
Professional Expert Coder (CPC): These medical specialists are trained to code person health care files. Candidates who effectively pass both the test and the accreditation assessment are actually taken into consideration suited for profession advancement within the medical qualified job area.
The condition “physician” includes a vast variety of individuals. A radiologist, a cardiologist, a psychotherapist, a doctor aide, anesthesiologists, dental cosmetic surgeons as well as nurses are but a few of the occupations in this vast condition includes. An individual that holds any sort of one of these health care occupations is actually said to be a “professional”. Typically, probably that they possess the skill-sets to give professional maintain patients.
This qualified care begins way back in prehistoric times, when very early male first came into exchange various other wild lifestyle kinds. Proof of these very first call tracks its origins back to Paleolithic times. Among the earliest taped rendezvous along with human beings that had huge pearly whites is discovered in the historical file which occurred in Europe throughout the Paleolithic Period. In The United States, artifacts including dental caries which were actually related to consuming raw chicken have actually been actually located in great quantity in a variety of cave deposits dating from around 10 thousand years ago.
Throughout background, clinical specializeds have actually been actually worried with handling patients of all living microorganisms. The industry of medication has undertaken incredible evolution over the years. There are actually a lot of various other examples of medical specialties whose general objective has actually been actually to treat or treat health condition.
Gradually, various health care specializeds cultivated as well as started to specialize in certain places. An example of this particular is the region of urgent medication. Prior to this specialty being actually established, all medical practitioners were actually mainly concerned with the therapy of health conditions having an effect on the body as a whole. Urgent medicine nonetheless, started off as a procedure room-type specialization. Today, it centers mostly on giving clinical focus to those dealing with life-threatening health care disorders.
An additional field of expertise that started creating in latest past is actually neurosurgery. Neurology deals with problems impacting the brain, usually featuring those with connected disabilities. Specializeds within this specific area offer usually with intense mind traumas, stroke, various sclerosis, Parkinson’s illness, cerebral palsy, and mind cancer. Neuromuscular Medicine is actually likewise an increasing specialty within the health care area. Neuromuscular is actually entailed with diseases that have an effect on the muscular tissues and also tissues of the physical body. Examples of these medical specializeds are actually pediatric medicines, neurology, cosmetic surgery, thoracic surgery, veterinary medicine and also orthopedics. | http://www.psychollection.net/2021/03/25/10-mind-boggling-reasons-that-doctor-is-actually-utilizing-this-approach-for-direct-exposure/ |
by The Division in Rockville, Md .
Written in
Edition Notes
|Other titles||A Case study of an IPA in Gladstone, Oregon|
|Statement||U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of Health Maintenance Organizations, Division of Program Promotion ; prepared under contract no. 282-79-0098-JBW by the American Association of Foundations for Medical Care (AAFMC)|
|Series||DHHS publication -- no. (PHS) 80-50132|
|Contributions||United States. Office of Health Maintenance Organizations. Division of Program Promotion, American Association of Foundations for Medical Care|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||20 p. :|
|Number of Pages||20|
|ID Numbers|
|Open Library||OL14903539M|
Clackamas County Clackamas County Kaen Rd Oregon City, OR () Population: , () Square Miles: 1, Form of Government: Statutory Home Rule - Board of County Commissioners Year Established: . Read ratings and reviews from other patients, get insurance information, hours and locations, and book an appointment online. cancel. Find a Doctor Browse. Family Physicians in Clackamas, OR We found Family Physicians in Clackamas, OR. search & filter. Family Physicians. A family practitioner is a doctor who specializes in caring for people. We offer health care services for families and individuals in Clackamas County. We are your home for high quality medical care – from physical exams to family planning. If you need a primary care physician, our team of medical professionals can help. We are committed to using the latest in medical practices that focus on each patient as an individual, and we work to take care of the health Location: Kaen Road Oregon City, OR For urgent matters, please call your local County Mental Health Crisis Intervention Hotline: Multnomah County () ; Clackamas County () ; Washington () ; Urgent Walk-in Clinic: SE 43rd Avenue, Portland (open Monday - Sunday, am – pm).
Find physicians and surgeons in Oregon on Yellowbook. Get reviews and contact details for each business including videos, opening hours and more. In addition, he delighted in caring for the Trailblazer team, managed pro bono the largest medical insurance program in Oregon (Physicians association of Clackamas County), a non profit formed by the physicians of Clackamas county and scrutinized by Alain Enthoven under Reagan as a . There are specialists practicing Family Medicine in Clackamas, OR with an overall average rating of stars. There are 65 hospitals near Clackamas, OR with affiliated Family Medicine specialists, including Providence Portland Medical Center, Providence Milwaukie Hospital . The field of psychiatry in Clackamas County has many sub specialties including pediatric psychiatry (so check for Clackamas County child psychiatrists or adolescent psychiatrists in Clackamas County).
Family Doctors in Clackamas, OR. Browse Family Doctors near Clackamas, OR below — sort by distance, name, gender, online appointments (book online with . Pyrch M.D., William 'Bill' J. Nov. 6, - J "To find true joy, find a purpose in life and take it seriously." Bill Pyrch's purpose in life was to be the best family doctor and family man possible. By both measures he was an unqualified success. Bill was born on Nov. 6, , in Leduc, Alberta, Canada, to John and Anna Pyrch. Find Psychiatrists in Clackamas, Clackamas County, Oregon or Clackamas Psychiatric Nurses. CCMG is a psychiatric medical practice consisting of Psychiatrists, Physicians, Nurse Practitioners. Clackamas County will begin Phase 1 Reopening Clackamas County has been approved by the state to reopen starting on Saturday, May Primary Election. | https://dakorefygymu.ayzetur.com/physicians-association-of-clackamas-county-book-31254ll.php |
A Medical Professional pertains to an individual that belongs to the health care occupation, one who delivers health care services or even remedies. A Health care Doctor is actually a physician that belongs to the Royal University of Psychiatrists (RCS) as well as keeps a health care doctoral level. The RCASS is the specialist physical body in UK that controls itself the tasks of psychotherapists and also medical professionals typically. The Royal University of Psychiatrists (RCAS) also governs the psychological tasks of psychological wellness professionals in the nation. Texas Physician Assistant Karl Anthony Simon
A Physician, alternatively, is actually a medical professional that has actually gotten a degree coming from a medical college as well as has qualified as an MD or even M.D. They are actually the ones who prescribe medicine to their clients. The primary intention of medical practitioners is actually to remedy the person of their health problem. A Medical Professional can be a physician, health care police officer, registered nurse, drug store manager, medical doctor associate, oral doctor, medical professional, psychiatrist, chiropractic physician, and also physiologist. Some of them even engage in privately, as consultants.
There are numerous industries where Physicians work. These fields include Cardiology, Skin care, ENT, Pediatric Medicine, Radiology, Gastroenterology, Internal Medication, Pediatric Medicine, Pharmacy, Rheumatology, and Occupational Therapy. These fields are actually growing daily, as there are actually a number of brand-new areas opening up everyday. Individuals who want to become Doctors can easily join medical universities and also get levels. Many of these health care institutions as well as universities have several branches, as well as a number of all of them have actually been actually lately recognized due to the Royal College of Psychiatrists as well as the American Board of Medical Examiners (ABME).
Doctors can easily specialize in a particular division of medicine. Considering that they experience that they might better help out in that certain division of medical scientific research, they perform this. There are actually three primary expertises within the field of medicine. This consists of General Practitioners, Specialist Practitioners, and Director of Process. The following is much more details concerning each expertise.
These health care experts normally take treatment of all the routine health care requirements of their individuals. These health care practitioners have actually completed a 3-year postgraduate degree from an accepted health care college or even university.
Expert Practitioner: These practitioners focus on particular clinical issues. They are generally associated with the diagnosis, therapy, and also prevention of health conditions, health care problems, as well as clinical methods. These medical professionals operate under the guidance of experienced medical professionals and also accomplish the highly recommended therapies in their own special methods.
Director of Practice: This kind of medical professional works under the path of a health care doctor or even family doctor. These specialists are accountable for monitoring the technique of major medical care providers and also medical professionals. The tasks and also duties of the Director of Process consist of the control of financial issues, documents, invoicing, insurance policy verification, and also various other vital business-related activities. They additionally possess the energy to select which doctor operate under them and also permit their process.
Ultrasound Examination Medical Expert: This kind of clinical expert jobs merely in medical facilities or centers offering analysis or even medical services. All ultrasound examination clinical experts are actually called for to pass a composed observation prior to exercising.
Medical Assistant: A medical assistant provides simple medical office assistance to individuals in the medical professional’s workplace. They do basic functions like signing up clients, assisting doctors in examinations as well as making sure that filings are actually accurately accomplished and sent out to the process. They may carry out minor activities such as addressing call and also welcoming patients. Clinical aides carry out even more in-depth work like taking clients’ medical pasts and also conducting slight analysis examinations. They may likewise aid medical doctors in patient follow-up methods.
Accredited Practical Nurse Practitioner (LPN): An LPN is actually a clinical professional who has gotten a degree from an accredited nursing college and also has actually been approved through the state panel. Individuals can also acquire certified as an LPN through completing an associate level plan from a neighborhood university.
Licensed Specialist Programmer (CPC): These doctor are educated to code patient health care records. The action of coding aids health insurance business establish the individual’s qualification for insurance coverage. To become an accredited specialist programmer, clients should pass a qualified skill-sets exam given by the American Association of Specialist Coders (AAPC) and also pass the across the country standard qualification exam given by the American Health Information Monitoring Organization (AHIMA). Candidates that efficiently pass both the accreditation and also the examination assessment are actually taken into consideration suitable for career development within the medical professional occupation field.
The condition “doctor” includes an extensive stable of individuals. A radiologist, a cardiologist, a mental health expert, a medical doctor associate, anesthesiologists, dental cosmetic surgeons and nurse practitioners are actually yet a few of the professions in this particular broad phrase encompasses. A person that has any among these health care professions is stated to become a “expert”. In general, probably that they have the capabilities to give expert look after clients.
This qualified treatment starts method back in prehistoric times, when very early male first came into contact along with various other wild life types. One of the earliest taped rendezvous along with individual creatures who possessed large teeth is located in the historical report which took location in Europe during the course of the Paleolithic Age.
Throughout history, health care specialties have been actually interested in addressing patients of all living organisms. The field of medicine has actually gone through enormous advancement throughout the years. One instance of such a progression is actually the contraceptive pill. As soon as made use of to address ladies that suffered from gynecological difficulties, this supplement is utilized today to prevent pregnancy yet was. There are many other examples of medical specialties whose fundamental purpose has been actually to treat or remedy health condition. Such instances feature chemotherapy, immunology, radiology, gastroenterology, cardiology and also many more.
Eventually, various health care specializeds began and also built to provide services for certain locations. An example of the is the place of emergency medicine. Before this specialized being actually created, all medical practitioners were mostly concerned with the treatment of conditions affecting the body as a whole. Emergency situation medication having said that, began as a procedure room-type expertise. Today, it concentrates primarily on giving clinical attention to those dealing with severe medical conditions.
Specializeds within this specific area package usually with intense human brain injuries, stroke, several sclerosis, Parkinson’s health condition, smart palsy, as well as mind cancer cells. Neuromuscular Medicine is actually additionally an increasing specialized within the health care industry. Examples of these clinical specialties are actually pediatric medicines, neurology, plastic surgical treatment, thoracic surgery, veterinarian medicine as well as orthopedics. | http://www.bay-village-ohio.com/2021/03/30/10-astonishing-reasons-that-physician-is-actually-using-this-approach-for-visibility/ |
Flashcards in Health Careers Deck (80):
1
Admitting Officers/Clerks
work in admissions department; responsible for obtaining all necessary information when a patient is admitted into a facility.
2
Animal Health Technicians
Working under the supervision of veterinarians, assist with the handling and care of animals; collect specimens; assist with surgery; perform laboratory tests; and maintain records.
3
Art, Music, and Dance Therapists
Use the arts to help patients deal with social, physical, or emotional problems.
4
Associate's Degree
A degree that generally takes two years of study and is awarded by a community, junior, or business college.
5
Athletic Trainers
prevent and treat athletic injuries and provide rehabilitative services to athletes
6
Audiologists
Individual specializing in diagnosis and treatment of hearing disorders
7
Bachelor's Degree
Degree awarded by a college or university after a person has completed a 4-year course of study or its equivalent
8
Biomedical Equipment Technicians
Keep all equipment working, Testing equipment, calibration equipment, Maintenance and Repairs, Provide hospital staff instruction on proper use of equipment
9
Central/Sterile Supply Workers
involved in ordering, maintaining, sterilizing and supplying all the equipment and supplies used by other departments in a health care facility.
10
Certification
The issuing of a statement of certificate by a professional organization to a person who has met the requirements of education and/or experience and who meets the standards set by the organization
11
Dental Assistants
Usually work for dentists in the preparation, examination, and treatment of patients.
12
Dental Hygienists
A licensed individual who works with a dentist to provide care and treatment for the teeth and gums
13
Dental Laboratory Technicians
Make and repair a variety of dental prostheses (artificial devices) such as dentures, crowns, bridges and orthodontic appliances according to the specifications of dentists.
14
Dentists
A doctor who specializes in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases of the teeth and gums.
15
Dialysis Technicians
operate kidney dialysis machines, which filter the blood of clients whose kidneys are not working properly
16
Dietetic Assistants
works under dietitians; assists with food preparation and service, help patients select menus, clean work areas, and assists other dietary workers.
17
Dietetic Technicians
Working under the supervision of dietitians, plan menus, order foods, standardize and test recipes, assist with food preparation, provide basic dietary instruction, and teach classes on proper nutrition.
18
Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.)
treatment centered on manipulation of the spine to maintain function and balance in the body
19
Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)
a physician trained in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
20
Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.)
a doctor who has the same training as an M.D. but also specializes in the care of the muscular skeletal system
21
Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.)
diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot
22
Doctorate/Doctor's Degree
Awarded by a college or university after completion of two or more years of work beyond a bachelor's or master's degree.
23
Electrocardiograph Technicians
Operate an EKG machine, that determines how your heart is working.
24
Electroencephalographic Technologist
operates machines to record electrical activity in brain
25
Emergency Medical Technician
provides basic care for medical emergencies, illness, injury
26
Endodontics
the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the dental pulp
27
Entrepreneur
Individual who organizes, manages, and assumes the risk of a business.
28
Geriatric Aides/Assistants
get additional education to provide care for the elderly; perform the same duties as a nurse assistant.
29
Health Care Administrators
Plan, direct, coordinate and supervise the delivery of health care; operate health care facilities.
30
Health Occupations Education (HOE)
prepare a student for immediate employment in many health careers or for additional education after graduation.
31
Home Health Care Assistants
trained to work in the patient's home and may perform additional duties such as meal preparation or cleaning.
32
Housekeeping Workers/Sanitary Managers
help maintain the cleanliness of health care facility to provide pleasant, sanitary environment.
33
Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurses
provide basic bedside care and make the patient feel comfortable, They bath, dress and give massages and clean the medical equipment.; Gather info about the patients health and how they are feeling. They can even work at homes and prepare meals and teach the families how to deal with the patient
34
Licensure
Process by which a government agency authorizes individuals to work in a given occupation
35
Master's Degree
An advanced 2-year program completed after attainment of a bachelor's degree.
36
Medical Assistants
Perform routine administrative and clinical tasks, which include answering phones, greeting patients and arranging outpatient lab tests, etc..
37
Medical Laboratory Assistants
Working under medical technologist, technicians, or pathologists, perform basic laboratory tests; prepare specimens for examination or testing; and perform other laboratory duties such as cleaning and helping to maintain equipment.
38
Medical Laboratory Technicians
responsible for performing routine testing, operating all equipment, equipment maintenance and recognizing problems, and assisting in problem solving.
39
Medical Records Administrators
Plan the systems for storing and obtaining information from records; prepare information for legal actions and insurance claims; compile statistics for organizations and government agencies; manage medical medical records departments; and supervise and train other personnel
40
Medical Records Technicians
health information technicians organize and code patient records; gather statistical or reserach data; and record information
41
Medical Technologists
Study tissues, fluids, and cells of the body to help determine the presence and/or cause of disease
42
Nurse Assistants
work under the supervision of RN's to provide basic care to patients (activities of daily living)
43
Occupational Therapists
help the mentally ill become productive members of society by teaching them practical skills
44
Occupational Therapy Assistants
Assists in evaluating patient's daily living skills and capacities under the direction of a Occupational Therapist.
45
Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians
Cut, grind, finish, polish, and mount the lenses used in eyeglasses, contact lenses, and other optical instruments such as telescopes and binoculars.
46
Ophthalmologists
A medical doctor who specializes in diseases of the eye
47
Opticians
An individual who makes or sells lenses, eyeglasses, and other optical supplies
48
Optometric Technicians/Assistants
Work under the supervision of ophthalmologists or optometrists. prepare patients for exams, perform receptionists duties, help patients with frame selection, order lenses, and teach proper care and use of contact lenses.
49
Optometrists
A licensed, non-medical practitioner who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of vision defects.
50
Oral Surgery
specialty dealing with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of hard and soft tissues in the mouth
51
Orthopedics
The branch of medicine/surgery dealing with the treatment of diseases and deformities of the bones, muscles, and joints
52
Paramedic
a person trained to assist medical professionals and to give emergency medical treatment
53
Pedodontics
The branch of dentistry dealing with treatment of teeth and oral conditions of children
54
Perfusionists
Extracorporeal circulation technologists, members of open heart surgical teams and operate the heart-lung machines used in coronary bypass surgery.
55
Periodontics
Deal with treatment and prevention of diseases of the gum
56
Pharmacists
specially trained and licensed professionals who specialize in the preparation and dispensation of drugs
57
Pharmacy Technicians
assist the pharmacist with preparation and administration of medications; they also perform receptionist and billing duties
58
Phlebotomists
Venipuncture Technician, individual who collects blood and prepares it for tests
59
Physical Therapists
Trained and licensed individuals who help people with muscle, nerve, joint, or bone diseases to overcome their disabilities as much as possible.
60
Physical Therapy Assistants
this person assists in carrying out a prescribed plan for helping people regain their strength and flexibility after an illness or injury
61
Physicians
identify patient need, translate that need and address need or refer patient onward -> linkage between need and care, source of info, crucial access point
62
Physician Assistants
Working under the supervision of Physicians, take medical histories, perform roution physical examination and basic diagnostic tests.
63
Prosthodontics
The branch of dentistry dealing with the construction of artificial appliances for the mouth
64
Psychiatric/Mental Health Technicians
work under the supervision of psychiatrists or psychologists; help patients and their families follow treatment and rehab plans. They provide understanding and encouragement, assist with physical care, observe and report behavior and help teach patients constructive social behavior.
65
Psychiatrists
Physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
66
Psychologists
professionals with doctoral degrees who diagnose and treat emotional and behavioral disorders
67
Radiologic Technologists
Working under the supervision of radiologists. Use X-rays, radiation, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance to diagnose and treat disease.
68
Recreational Therapists
Uses recreational and leisure activities as forms of treatment to minimize patients symptoms and improve physical, emotional, and mental well being.
69
Recreational Therapy Technicians
work under supervision of respiratory therapists, and administer treatments; perform basic diagnostic tests; clean and maintain equipment; and note and inform therapists of patients' responses and progress
70
Social Workers
professionals with training in social welfare, human behavior, and the social environment who work with individuals, families, and groups
71
Speech-Language Therapists
diagnose and treat and help to prevent disorders related to speech, swallowing and fluency.; They work with people who cannot speech soundsor cannot produce them clearly and work with people who have trouble swallowing; when working with people who cannot speak at all they try communicatiing with them to make sounds
72
Surgical Technicians/Technologists
Work under the supervision of RN's or physicians, prepare patients for sugery; set up instruments, equipment, and sterile supplies in the operating room; and assists during surgery by passing instruments and supplies to the surgeon.
73
Unit Secretaries/Unit Coordinators
record information on records; schedule procedures or test; answer phones; order supplies; and work with computers
74
Veterinarians
work to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases and injuries in animals
75
Veterinary Assistants
Feed, bathe animals and assist veterinarian
76
Ward Clerk
hospital secretary
77
Registered Nurses
Nurses that provide direct patient care and can also work in an administrative capacity as managers in hospitals or other types of healthcare facilities. | https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/health-careers-1717656/packs/3254122 |
We are now accepting nominations for the 2019 RCPsych Awards. This is your opportunity to nominate the outstanding teams and individuals who are making a real difference to mental health services.
The RCPsych Awards mark the highest level of achievement in psychiatry. The 2019 Awards have 17 categories, including individual awards for psychiatrists of all grades as well as for medical students and foundation doctors, there are also team awards to recognise the work being done by teams in mental health care.
We need your help in the search for the stars of 2019 and look forward to receiving your entries.
The closing date for entries is midnight on 21 April 2019. We will announce the shortlists in August and present the winners at the RCPsych Awards Ceremony on Friday 8 November at the College in London.
Click on the categories below to find the specific entry criteria, entry form and general rules for entry.
This award is for a medical student who has demonstrated through their academic and extra-curricular performance, that they have attained a level of achievement over and above that expected for their years of training, with achievements and experience reflecting a specific interest in psychiatry as a career. The person nominated should be resident in the UK.
Please ensure that you have read the general Rules for Entry.
This award is for a foundation doctor who has demonstrated through their clinical performance and practice, that they have attained a level of achievement over and above that expected for their grade, with achievements and experience reflecting a specific interest in psychiatry as a career. The person nominated should be resident in the UK.
This award is for trainees who have demonstrated through their clinical performance and practice that they have attained a level of achievement over and above that expected for their grade. The person nominated should be resident in the UK and should be a member or associate (including PMPT) of the College.
This award is for trainees who have demonstrated through their clinical performance and practice that they have attained a level of achievement over and above that expected for their grade. The person nominated should be resident in the UK and should be a member or associate of the College.
Individual service users/patients or groups directly involved in the work of the College can be nominated for work they do outside the College. However, if they are nominated, work done specifically for the College (e.g. work done through College committees or forums) will not be considered in the judging process.
Nominations can be for individuals or service user/patient groups. Nominees should be resident in the UK.
e) Has contributed to the recruitment and/or training of psychiatrists and/or other mental health service professionals.
Individual carer or carer groups directly involved in the work of the College can be nominated for work they do outside the College. However, if they are nominated, work done specifically for the College (e.g. work done through College committees or forums) will not be considered in the judging process.
Nominations can be for individuals or carer groups. Nominees should be resident in the UK.
This award is to recognise the efforts of an individual or a group of individuals who have championed awareness and understanding of psychiatric and/or mental health issues, through public engagement such as media work, promotion or education in schools and in the community, or via social media.
This person or group of individuals can come from any background, including psychiatry, other medical disciplines, the media, charity sector, politics, education, or industry. Nominees should be resident in the UK.
e) Promoted the importance of mental health in society.
This category is open to nominations for educational supervisors, clinical supervisors, college tutors, rotational training scheme organisers, heads of schools, and any psychiatrists who can demonstrate a significant contribution to the training of trainee psychiatrists, medical undergraduates or medical professionals. The contribution may be at local, regional or national level. Nominees should be resident in the UK.
Helping trainees with difficulties or mentoring to help trainees.
This award recognises the critically important role that clinical academics play in conducting scientific research that improves the understanding of, and treatment and care of people with, mental illness. The 2019 Award is for a clinical academic researcher in a post of a grade up to and including those who have been appointed to a full professorship in the past 12 months.
Nominations should only include work carried out during the past three years. Nominees should be resident in the UK and should have been in their current academic post, at their current grade, for no more than five years.
a) Skill as a scholar and researcherb) Outstanding research contribution in publications and presentationsc) Skill as a lecturerd) Mentorship in research and other academic activity.
Specialty Doctors/Associate Specialists (SAS doctors) are essential components of service provision, providing a major share of the medical input in many teams. This award is to recognise an SAS doctor who has demonstrated advanced clinical skills as well as excelling in service development, teaching, research and leadership. Their contribution may be at local, regional or national level. The person nominated should be resident in the UK and should be a member or associate of the College.
It is not expected that SAS doctors will excel in all these areas. Particular weight will be given where there is evidence of an input outside the particular team in which the doctor is working.
The person nominated for this award should be resident in the UK and should be a member or associate of the College.
f) Has made efforts towards achieving parity of esteem between mental and physical health, at a national and/or local level.
This award is to recognise the pivotal role that psychiatric teams play in improving or innovating psychiatric services and care for children and adolescents. Teams should be based in the UK and contain at least one psychiatrist who is a member or associate of the College.
c) Effective use of resources.
This award is to recognise the pivotal role that psychiatric teams play in improving or innovating psychiatric services and care for working-age adults. Teams should be based in the UK and contain at least one psychiatrist who is a member or associate of the College.
This award is to recognise the pivotal role that psychiatric teams play in improving or innovating psychiatric services and care for older-age adults. Teams should be based in the UK and contain at least one psychiatrist who is a member or associate of the College.
This award is to recognise the pivotal role that psychiatric teams play in improving or innovating psychiatric services in intellectual disability. Teams should be based in the UK and contain at least one psychiatrist who is a member or associate of the College.
This award is to recognise the pivotal role that psychiatric teams play in making improvements in services (for mental or/and physical health) through the use of formal quality improvement approaches. Teams should be based in the UK and contain at least one psychiatrist who is a member or associate of the College.
The use of a systematic method of continuous quality improvement.
How the team involved and engaged key stakeholders, including staff, service users and carers, in the improvement work.
How the team identified the problem to work on.
The use of measurement to demonstrate improvement, with key outcomes of the work evidenced.
Ideas that have been tested and implemented in order to achieve the aim of the work.
What the team has learnt, through failed tests and through the process of working together to solve a complex quality issue.
How the team has developed a sustainable infrastructure for the new system, to ensure that improvements do not fall away.
This Award has been developed in partnership between the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Centre for Sustainable Healthcare.
This Award aims to recognise work being done by healthcare professionals that improves the sustainability of mental health care. Teams should be based in the UK and contain at least one psychiatrist who is a member or associate of the College.
Empowering individuals and communities; e.g. promoting opportunities for self-management, independent living through supporting community projects, social networks and employment.
Considering carbon; attempts made to review and reduce the carbon footprint of care; most of which lies in procurement of medication, equipment, travel and medical supplies.
For further information or if you have any queries about the Awards, please contact the Membership Operations team on either 020 3701 2566 / 2589 or [email protected].
For winners of all previous years' Awards, please see our Roll of Honour. | https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/about-us/rcpsych-awards-2019/ |
Dear Friends/ colleagues,
As we all are aware, doctors are professionals who are under immense stress all the time due to their professional commitments and balancing that with their personal life. The troubles have intensified during this COVID-19 pandemic situation. The mental health of doctors has always been neglected. There are multiple reasons for this neglect which include poor awareness about the mental health-related issues and the care available, the need for anonymity/ confidentiality, fear of being punished/ criticized by the employers/colleagues/ family, unwillingness to be treated like all the other patients, etc.
There is a need to take care of the mental health of our fraternity. We all are doing everything possible to ensure the same in our individual capacity. Some of us have created helplines for the mental health care of the doctors. But not every doctor in need of mental health care has access to such information. In view of the same, we, the “Doctor for Doctors (D4D)” Taskforce of Indian Psychiatric Society, are collecting the details of all the psychiatrists and organizations who are willing to dedicate some exclusive time for the mental health care of the doctors in particular. With this information. we intend to create a database of mental health care for doctors which will be circulated to all the doctors in the country in coordination with the Indian Medical Association.
So if you are interested in this task, please complete the form through this link:
Google Form: https://forms.gle/T8rH4Jg6CnXJEi5Z8
(EDIT: 1:21PM 19/5/21 The previous link had a ‘full-stop’ at the end creating error in google. The link is now proper and working)
We assume an implied consent to share your professional details with the doctors if you complete the form. If you have any query regarding the same or you wish to suggest or share some information feel free to contact:
Dr Arun Kandasamy, | https://indianpsychiatricsociety.org/ips-survey-doctor-for-doctors-survey/ |
Collaboration among a network of informed practitioners is essential to the healing process. The collaboration process is good medicine for anyone with a complex condition.
Once an individual is experiencing all of the symptoms identified under the Prolonged Pain Complex, it becomes almost impossible for one person to provide effective treatment.
At Allies for Change, we have access to a wide network of other health professionals such as psychotherapists, psychiatrists, medical doctors and more. These practitioners are aligned with our model of care and can therefore join with us in creating the individualized treatment plans that are so effective in supporting our clients in recovering their lives.
*As team leader and with the client’s permission, I either build a network around an individual or utilize the one they already have by connecting everyone and supporting this collaborative communication. | http://allies4change.com/practicioner-network/ |
Please print, complete and bring in the attached paperwork with you to your first appointment. Your clinician will review all paperwork with you and answer any questions you may have during your initial visit.
JLM Notice of Privacy Practices.pdf (for your own records)
If you are bringing your child in for treatment please complete the following developmental questionnaire to bring into your clinician.
Below is the form to release confidential information to others for the sake of collaboration. If applicable, please print and fill out this form with the information of others who you believe will be beneficial for therapist to collaborate with.
These agencies and individuals may include: Other family members not in treatment, schools, medical doctors, psychiatrists, teachers or other mental health care providers. | http://www.jlm-mft.com/initial-paperworkforms- |
Content Credit:
- Article by Mehwash Hussain, published on telegraphindia.com. Original article link.
As more individuals realise how important it is to maintain balance in all aspects of life, the field of mental health has been gaining more and more importance. In today’s world, where stress, depression and anxiety are on the rise, there is a growing need for qualified mental health professionals. Despite working in similar fields, psychologists and psychiatrists differ greatly in their professional outlooks. In fact, even among the general population, you will often find people who do not know the difference between the two.
So before you decide which career to follow – psychologist or psychiatrist – take a look at the differences and similarities to help you make a better choice.
Definition of the Professions:
Psychologist
- The study of the human mind and behaviour is known as psychology.
- Psychologists are people who work in the field of psychology and are interested in how people act, feel, and think in various social contexts.
- They are specialists in how people behave.
Psychiatrists
- Psychiatry is a speciality of medicine that focuses on identifying and treating mental health disorders.
- A psychiatrist is a doctor who specialises in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and study of mental disorders as well as developmental and behavioural concerns.
As the definitions show us, both professions deal with the behaviour of human beings and support their mental health, but what differs is their treatment method. Likewise, they must also be trained in different ways.
Educational Requirements:
Psychologists
- A psychologist must complete a bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degree in psychology.
- Before receiving their licence to practise, candidates usually undergo a postdoctoral fellowship to gain more supervised experience, as well.
Psychiatrists
- Unlike a psychologist, a psychiatrist is actually a practising medical doctor.
- They need to have an MD (doctor of medicine) or a related medical degree in the area of mental health.
- After getting a licence, the psychiatrist continues practising in a hospital for a minimum of 4 years while being supervised by senior physicians.
- Thereafter, they can start their own medical practice.
Mode of Treatment:
The method each takes to treat mental problems is where the two stand apart, as we have mentioned earlier. Here is how they differ:
Psychologist
- Psychologists are trained in psychotherapies like psychoanalysis, cognitive behavioural therapy, psychodynamic therapy, humanistic therapy, etc.
- They work towards supporting and treating a patient without medicines or invasive means.
- They may work with patients one-on-one or in groups.
- They also play a major role in diagnosing mental health problems by analysing symptoms.
Psychiatrists
- In their approach to treatment, psychiatrists prioritise the use of medications.
- Due to their greater expertise and in-depth knowledge of biology and neurochemistry, psychiatrists frequently treat patients exclusively through the prescription of medication.
- Psychiatrists also have the ability to offer the following additional forms of care such as the incorporation of psychology, electroconvulsive treatment and stimulating the brain (ECT).
Job Role:
Psychologists
- Psychologists concentrate on therapies that are based mainly on talking or interacting with the patient(s), such as individual and group therapy.
- The goal of therapy is to teach patients coping mechanisms that help them deal with a range of mental health issues and life difficulties.
Psychiatrists
- Mental, emotional, and behavioural illnesses are evaluated, diagnosed, and treated by psychiatrists.
- As medical professionals who can order or carry out a number of physical and/or psychological tests, psychiatrists use these means to diagnose structural or chemical causes that could manifest as mental health disorders.
- Psychiatrists use a combination of test results, discussions about symptoms, medical history, and family history to arrive at a final diagnosis.
Similarities between Psychologists and Psychiatrists:
Both psychologists and psychiatrists concentrate on their patients’ behavioural demands and mental illnesses. In this regard, their work is similar, but how they approach diagnosing and treating problems is where they start to differ.
As many people with mental problems respond well to both medicine and different types of therapy, a psychiatrist and a psychologist may collaborate in the treatment of patients.
Both psychologists and psychiatrists are capable of treating a variety of different mental health issues, the most common ones being:
- Problems with sleep and insomnia
- Addiction-related and drug disorders
- Mental health problems arising from abnormalities
- Psychosis and Schizophrenia
- Dyslexia and other learning disorders
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
However, both psychologists and psychiatrists have areas of specialisation and are able to provide better support to specific patients.
…
Have you checked out yesterday’s blog yet? | https://www.icscareergps.com/blog/latest-education-and-career-buzz/psychologist-and-psychiatrist-what-is-the-difference/ |
Physician, Doctor and SurgeonPhysicians and surgeons diagnose and treat injuries and illnesses. Physicians examine patients, obtain medical histories, and perform and review diagnostic tests. They discuss diet, hygiene, and preventive health care with their patients.
Physicians are either classified as doctors of medicine (M.D.), also known as allopathic physicians, or doctors of osteopathic medicine (D.O.). While both M.D.s and D.O.s utilize similar treatment methods, including drugs and surgery, D.O.s emphasize preventive and holistic medicine, as well as treating the musculoskeletal system. D.O.s usually work as primary care specialists but there are other specialists. About 50 percent of D.O.s specialize in general or family medicine, general internal medicine, or general pediatrics.
Many physicians specialize in surgery, psychiatry, gynecology, obstetrics, general pediatrics, internal medicine, family medicine, and anesthesiology.
Anesthesiologists specialize in pain reduction and monitor patients under the influence of medication during surgery. Anesthesiologists continually monitor and assess a patient's vital life functions: heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing during surgery.
Anesthesiologists administer pain relief medication in the intensive care unit, during labor and delivery, and patients suffering from chronic pain. Anesthesiologists collaborate with other physicians and surgeons about treatment options before, during, and after operations.
Family and general practitioners, also known as family doctors, perform general physician duties. They treat many conditions such as sinus and respiratory infections to fractured bones. Family and general practitioners usually have an established clientele. Family and general practitioners refer very sick patients to specialists.
General internists diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for problems affecting the internal organ systems. General internists usually work as primary care specialists. Other specialists often refer patients to general internists, and they refer patients to other specialists when specialized care is recommended.
General pediatricians treat infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. They specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous health problems specific to younger people. Most pediatricians treat day-to-day illnesses such as minor injuries, infectious diseases, as well as perform immunizations. Pediatric surgeons and other specialists treat major pediatric health problems such as autoimmune disorders or serious chronic ailments.
Obstetricians and gynecologists (OB/GYNs) specialize in women's general and reproductive health. OB/GYNs diagnose and treat health problems specific to the female anatomy, such as breast and ovarian cancer or urinary tract, pelvic, and hormonal disorders. OB/GYNs also assist women throughout pregnancy, deliver babies, and provide postpartum care.
Psychiatrists provide mental health services. They use a combination of psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, hospitalization, and medication to diagnose and treat mental health ailments. During psychotherapy, patients discuss their problems with their psychiatrists who help them find solutions. Psychiatrists use psychoanalysis for long-term psychotherapy and counseling. Psychiatrists often prescribe medications to correct chemical imbalances leading to emotional problems. Psychiatrists can use electroconvulsive therapy to treat patients who cannot take medication.
Surgeons perform operations to treat injury, disease, and deformity. Many surgeons perform general surgery, but many surgeons specialize in a specific area. A common specialist is an orthopedic surgery who performs surgery to correct musculoskeletal system problems. Other specialists include neurological surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons, otolaryngology surgeons specializing in the treatment of the ear, nose, and throat, and plastic or reconstructive surgeons. Similar to other doctors, surgeons examine patients, perform and interpret diagnostic tests, and discuss preventative care options with patients.
Other surgical or physician specialists include radiologists, pathologists, ophthalmologists, gastroenterologists, emergency room physicians, allergists, cardiologists, and dermatologists.
Work environment. Many physicians, usually family practitioners, general internists, pediatricians, OB/GYNs, and psychiatrists work in small clinics with a small staff of nurses and other employees. More physicians are now working for health care organizations that make it possible for them to have more time off. Physicians working for health care organization work in teams to provide patients with health care. Surgeons and anesthesiologists work in well lit, sterile hospitals, and usually stand for long periods of time while performing surgery.
Many physicians and surgeons work long hours. In 2006, one-third of physicians and surgeons worked 60 or more hours a week. Most physicians work full time since 8 percent of physicians and surgeons worked part-time. Physicians deal with patients' concerns around the clock since most are always on call.
Physicians are employed at hospitals, medical clinics, assisted living facilities, colleges and universities, and community health centers. Many physicians establish and manage private practices.
To accommodate projected future demand, medical schools are admitting more students. It's likely that physicians will work less, retire younger, and make less money in the upcoming years. Numerous opportunities are available for physicians in poor and rural areas.
Physicians frequently network with other physicians and medical specialists to find jobs. The American Medical Association (AMA) offers an excellent networking service for physicians.
Career Training and Education
Most medical schools only admit students with bachelor's degrees, but a few schools only require 3 years of undergraduate study. They also require the completion of certain prerequisites prior to admission. Every medical school requires applicants to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and submit letters of recommendation. The American Medical College Application Service enables applicants to submit applications to multiple schools simultaneously.
Medical school lasts 4 years, and it's followed by a 3-8 year residency. The length of residencies is determined by specialty. During the first 2 years, medical students should expect to spend most of their time in classrooms and studying. They acquire practical experience during the subsequent 2 years.
Information about available residencies and medical school in general can be obtained from the Association of American Medical Schools, and from these organizations: | https://www.careerprofiles.info/physician-career.html |
There are many different opportunities available to you if you’re looking to work as an NHS psychiatrist in the United Kingdom. Different posts have different responsibility. This article will provide you with an overview of what it takes to be a psychiatrist, duties, and working conditions of psychiatrists in the NHS psychiatrist. It also provides information on salary and work experience.
Experience as a nhs psychiatrist
If you’re thinking about becoming a psychiatrist, you need to understand what you can expect from the NHS. Although working for the NHS is the biggest psychiatrists’ employer in the UK, iampsychiatry you may also be employed as a consultant in a private practice or in a charity. Psychiatrists usually work 40 hours each week, Monday through Friday. They may also have to work weekends or on-call.
As you build up experience, you may be able move into managerial positions and eventually become a medical lead or Iampsychiatry trust manager. As a consultant, it is likely that you will spend your time taking care of patients, but you may also have opportunities for teaching, research, committee work, and leadership roles. You can begin your journey to becoming a psychiatrist by working for an NHS trust or hospital.
A general psychiatrist looks after the mental health of adults with diverse mental health issues. Mental illnesses are increasing, with 25% of Britons suffering from it every year. In order to diagnose and treat mental illness general psychiatrists require an in-depth understanding of anatomy, physiology and psychotherapy. They must also know the social factors that impact the health of their patients’ minds.
After completing their training, psychiatrists are able to decide to work for the NHS or start a private practice. In the UK the NHS employs over 2700 general psychiatrists. There are numerous opportunities to receive specific training. You can apply for positions through the National Psychiatry Recruitment portal in England, Wales, or Scotland. Like any profession it is an changing field which requires you to learn new things throughout your career. To stay on the GMC register you must complete your continuing professional development (CPD). The Royal College of Psychiatrists provides guidance on CPD.
There are three levels to the NHS mental health system. The first tier is the primary care service , and the second tier is the secondary care system. This includes community and hospital treatment as well as talk therapy via the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service.
The salary for a psychiatrist working for the NHS in the UK
The salary of an NHS psychiatrist varies based on the location and specialty. Based on their length of service, consultants can earn between PS76,000 and PS107,000. In most cases, time spent as a locum also gets taken into consideration when calculating the amount of salary. Five years of locum work will put you in the year six on the pay scale. Some jobs may also include the London weighting’ allowance to compensate for the higher cost of living in London.
NHS psychiatrists typically work 40 hours a week, between 9am and 5pm from Monday to Friday. They can also work on weekends and on call. Their earnings may be supplemented through private practices. The NHS in the United Kingdom is the largest employer for psychiatrists.
The NHS is funded by government direct taxation, and also through the National Insurance system, which is a type of Social Security. Although the NHS is an open public service, certain medical services such as prescription drugs are still billed to patients. Despite the NHS being managed by the government 66% of Britons will be paying more tax to ensure it continues to function.
They are also frequently employed in mental health nursing services, providing specific advice and support to the probation and prison services and courts. They also prepare reports for hospital managers and mental health review tribunals, and other practitioners. While psychiatrists are highly skilled in treating mental disorders, there are a number of other requirements to be met in order to be considered for a job.
In the United Kingdom, psychiatry is facing an identity crisis. Recent changes in the practice of medicine have changed the focus away form core medical care toward non-specific psychosocial treatment. This trend is unsettling, damaging and can be life-threatening. This new system of ‘distributed responsibility’ means that many patients referred to psychiatrists do not receive the specialized diagnostic assessments they need.
The English junior doctor contract was put into effect. The 2002 contract is still being used in Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Northern Ireland. This means that doctors who are still working under the 2002 agreement may be using it due to the fact that they have a long-term or lead arrangement with an employer.
The responsibilities of a psychiatrist at the nhs
An NHS psychiatrist can have many duties. These professionals need to be flexible in their work and be able to establish relationships with other professionals. They should be able to manage their caseloads. They should also possess excellent interpersonal abilities. They are accountable for:
As a psychiatrist, nhs psychiatrist you will need to use your analytical and how to find a private psychiatrist uk communication skills in order to understand the problems of patients. When diagnosing issues you’ll need to maintain a calm demeanour. In certain situations you may be in a high-risk setting like prison or a state-run hospital. You’ll also be expected to work closely with adolescents and children. You’ll have to pay attention to them and to their families.
Typically, you’ll work 40 hours per week from Monday through Friday. There are some shifts during weekends, and you’ll also be expected to be available. However, the majority of your working time will be devoted to providing care for patients. You’ll usually work from 9am to 5pm however, some days may be shorter or longer than others. You can also supplement your income by working in a private practice.
There are a lot of things to be aware of about becoming an NHS psychiatrist. First, you must be aware of the legal responsibilities of psychiatrists. The duty to protect the privacy of patients is something that British courts have been recognizing for a long time. While they aren’t allowed to inform anyone else about their patients’ mental health issues, a psychiatrist can warn them about their health condition.
A psychiatrist is an expert in mental health care. They work closely with patients in order to understand the difficulties they are facing. Psychotherapy, counselling as well as medication are all included in the job description. In many instances, they work in conjunction with the patient’s primary care doctor to ensure that the treatment is functioning properly.
An NHS psychiatrist also has the important role in providing mental health care for the general population. Mental health teams are typically composed of a variety of specialists like social workers and psychologists. They are usually referred to by other health professionals when someone is suffering from severe mental health issues. Based on their needs they may be staffed by one medical professional. Some mental health teams are focused on treating specific mental disorders.
Working conditions for an NHS psychiatrist
The National Health Service (NHS) is the largest employer of psychiatrists in the UK. The NHS psychiatrists are employed from 9am to 5pm Monday through Friday. They typically work 40 hours per week. They could also be required to work on call. They could have different hours depending on the post they hold.
The NHS is currently facing a staff crisis. Every week, an unprecedented number of staff take time off. The most frequent reasons for employees to leave are low working conditions and occupational health. Many NHS workers have complained of being exhausted or suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. The Covid pandemic has also affected the NHS.
The NHS requires psychiatrists to help patients with a variety of mental health issues. They must have excellent communication skills, analytical abilities as well as a calm, calm personality. They may be required to work in potentially dangerous settings such as prisons and state-run hospitals. They must also be able to build relationships with patients as well as observe their behaviour. They also collaborate with family members as well as social workers.
There are approximately 2,724 general psychiatrists in England. Medical school is required in order to become a psychiatrist. After they have completed medical school they will have to finish a two-year foundation programme. This involves six placements in different settings. After completing this programme, they can begin their specialty training. This training usually takes about six years, although some psychiatrists choose to study part-time.
Psychiatrists also work in community mental health services, iampsychiatry where they visit patients at home. In addition to this they also manage outpatient clinics. They are able to work up to 48 hours a week, with ten hours devoted to non-clinical activities. Some psychiatrists can also work as consultants in hospitals. Their work is often controlled. The NHS permits psychiatrists to work up forty hours a week.
In addition to working with patients, psychiatrists are also involved with multidisciplinary teams. They also have the chance to be part of the team to develop a plan of management for their patients. They must be proficient in both pharmacological as non-pharmacological treatments. They might recommend a combination or combination of medications to meet their treatment objectives. | https://www.nutripuncture-pro.com/what-does-an-nhs-psychiatrist-do-like-a-maniac-using-this-really-simple-formula/ |
The case of Justina Pelletier brings up yet again the debate about how far the rights of parents go, and where states should interfere in the care and welfare of their minor citizens. There have been numerous cases over the years of a state taking legal custody of a minor because it has ruled that the child is in danger while remaining in the parental home. Oftentimes, this custody situation is due to a matter of obvious abuse or neglect. In cases like that of Connecticut resident Justina Pelletier, the lines are a bit fuzzier. The gulf between psychiatry and the rest of the medical establishment was highlighted when the state of Massachusetts took custody of the 15-year-old child due to a disagreement over the parents’ choice of medical treatment.
Medical professionals disagree all the time about the source of symptoms. Calls for a second opinion are not uncommon, especially as doctors will argue about diagnosis whenever there is doubt that an illness fits clearly into one category or another. When the disagreement is over whether symptoms are caused by physical illness or psychiatric disorder, the doctors in question often get caught up in a wider debate, one that has been ongoing for decades. This debate has to do with the validity of psychology as a science.
Students of psychological disciplines must learn to diagnose intangibles, disorders that often can only be identified by behavioral symptoms, or by clues in the chemical and hormonal balances in the brain. Seldom do psychological disorders show themselves organically, as in deformed structures in the brain, tumors, a failure to fire synapses in an entire and visible section of a brain structure. Psychology is an exercise in deduction; one removes the possible causes of behavior from the running one by one until one lands on the only remaining possible source of the behavior, no matter how improbable that seems.
Because of the difference between this method and the medical method, which relies on physical scientific evidence and recordable and observable phenomena, there has been a vast gulf between medical doctors and psychologists for hundreds of years regarding whether psychology can even be considered a logos, or science based in logic, at all.
Bridging the gap, the discipline of medical psychiatry was born. Psychiatrists differ somewhat from psychologists in that training is focused on neuroscience and pharmacology, in observable and recordable reactions of the brain to physical stimuli such as chemicals, hormones, and electrical activity. Psychiatrists evolved their discipline to bring the best of both worlds; medical science and the art of psychological counseling.
Both psychiatrists, who are concerned with medical treatment of the psyche, and psychologists who are concerned with the science and theory of the psyche, often hold doctorates, though psychiatrists are required to have a medical doctorate to practice, and psychologists cannot prescribe medications. Psychiatrists, who do have that training and power, often work more closely with standard medical doctors in methodology, though they share with psychologists the fact that their work is focused on intangibles.
The result is often an uneasy truce, with both clinical psychologists and psychiatrists fighting hard to be taken seriously by the medical establishment, and psychologists often disagreeing with psychiatrists on their methodology. This fight often functions to the detriment of the psychological discipline as a whole, since psychiatrists must sometimes distance themselves from psychologist and psychological methodologies in order to be seen as real doctors by their peers. This accounts for the occasional accusations of over-reliance on the use of medications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the field, as doctors of psychiatry fight to keep their discipline within the realm of probative science.
In the case of Justina Pelletier, who was removed from her parents to state custody last year due to a disagreement between a doctor and a psychiatrist over course of treatment, the story highlights the gulf between psychiatrists and their psychologist compatriots and the greater medical establishment. Justina was seen first by a medical doctor from Tufts University, who from the symptoms witnessed deducted that the 15-year-old could be diagnosed as having a rare mitochondrial illness that made the physical production of energy insufficient to her needs: a measurable medical phenomenon if a broad category needing more testing to define its discrete identity and parameters.
Justina was treated at Tufts Medical Center for nearly a year, when she got the flu. When she was seen on an emergency basis by another physician, from Boston Children’s Hospital, she was given a psychiatric diagnosis based on the same symptoms; a diagnosis of somatoform disorder. In other words, the second diagnosis, made from equally deductive guesswork, was that the young woman was suffering from psychosomatic symptoms in that some disorder in her thinking process was producing the very real symptoms she suffered in a mind-over-matter effect.
The two medical professionals disagreed over this second opinion, with the psychiatrist at Boston’s Children’s Hospital stating that the Tufts doctors were subjecting Justina to unnecessary medical intervention, while the Tufts doctors arguing that the psychiatric course of treatment would remove necessary medical support from the patient’s care repertoire.
Justina’s parents agreed with the first diagnosis. The psychiatrist who made the second diagnosis, concerned that Justina would be getting the wrong care if she remained in her parents’ charge, sought to have custody removed from Justina’s parents in favor of Massachusetts State.
Out of concern for the girl, the state agreed, and Justina spent nearly a year committed to the care of a locked children’s ward in Boston Children’s, where her parents were permitted to see her only when visits were approved by the hospital in concert with the Department of Children and Families. In January the Pelletiers won a minor victory and Justina was transferred back home to Connecticut, though to a residential facility in Framingham rather than back to their custody.
These events set off a greater national debate, one seen time and time again, as church officials and politicians heatedly discussed parental rights and the possible overreach exercised by the state. Due to the backlash, multiple facilities including a Merrimac foster group called Shared Living Collaborative, to which Justina’s parents sought to transfer her, have now backed out of consideration, wishing to avoid legal entanglements. A juvenile court judge is open to Justina returning to her parents’ home providing certain conditions are met. Lawyers for the family are looking into this plan and are scheduled to report back to court March 17.
Despite the fact that Justina has spent a year away from home at Tufts and at Boston Children’s Hospital, Justina’s parents have agreed to this course of action, as they have stated they feel that Justina’s condition has worsened while under the care of Children’s, and as the possible foster care situation in Merrimac has fallen through. In the meantime, the yawning gulf between psychiatric care and the rest of the medical establishment has been highlighted and remains the source of a lot of confusion and heartache, especially when the debate between the two can cause a child to be remanded to state custody for over a year. | https://guardianlv.com/2014/03/custody-of-child-by-state-highlights-medical-gulf-for-psychiatry/ |
Ensure accurate and complete record keeping.
Provide Urological services to multinational population in an outpatient setting.
Provide specialist services to internally referred patients.
Collaborate with referring physician to provide continuous care.
On call, after office hours services might be required.
Different types of fixed appliance, lingual, aligners.
Various types of functional appliances for phase one treatment mode in young children from 8 years old.
Sound knowledge of orthognathic surgery & cleft orthodontics preferred.
Operate on patients to treat conditions if had related training and clinical experience.
Work closely and team work with the medical staff.
Review case history, collect and record medical information; Examine patients and order diagnostic tests required; Interpret test results and evaluate examination findings; Prescribe treatments, therapies, medications and other particularized medical care to treat or preclude illness, disorders.
Take on call as assigned by department chair for emergency cases.
Participate in promotion events and lectures as needed.
Prescribe, direct, or administer psychotherapeutic treatments or medications to treat mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders.
Gather and maintain patient information and records, including social or medical history obtained from patients, relatives, or other professionals.
Design individualized care plans, using a variety of treatments.
Collaborate with physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses, or other professionals to discuss treatment plans and progress.
Analyze and evaluate patient data or test findings to diagnose nature or extent of mental disorder.
Examine or conduct laboratory or diagnostic tests on patients to provide information on general physical condition or mental disorder.
Counsel outpatients or other patients during office visits.
Advice patients on effects of health conditions or treatments with full inform consent and keep recorded.
Advise or inform guardians, relatives, or significant others of patients' conditions or treatment.
Take continuing education classes, attend conferences or seminars to increase understanding of mental, emotional, or behavioral states or disorders.
Share or present clinic cases on ParkwayHealth Continue Medical Education meeting.
Join routine clinic case review meetings.
Review and evaluate treatment procedures and outcomes of other psychiatrists or medical professionals if necessary.
Analyze quantitative data to determine effectiveness of treatments or therapies.
Prepare and submit case reports or summaries to ParkwayHealth Medical Affairs, or Department of Health or mental health agencies.
Cooperate with operation team on schedule and practice site.
Carry out individually designed programs of physical treatment to maintain, improve, or restore physical functioning, alleviate pain, or prevent physical dysfunction in patients.
Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments and establish the treatment goal.
Above to deliver patient-centric medical service.
Bachelor degree or above in Medicine.
Minimum 5 years residency experience.
Strong command of both spoken and written English.
Ability to work in a multi-culture, multi-discipline environment.
Examine, diagnose, and treat acute and chronic diseases and injuries of infants and children in multiple outpatient centers and provide general pediatric care to multinational population.
Examine children regularly to assess their growth and development, and treat children who have growth and development concerns.
Review case history, collect and record medical information; Examine patients and order diagnostic tests required; Interpret test results and evaluate examination findings; Prescribe treatments, therapies, medications, vaccinations, and other particularized medical care to treat or preclude illness, disorders or injuries in infant and children.
Provide wellness advice to patients, parents or caregivers.
Supervise the condition of patients, alter and reassess treatments as necessary.
Provide detailed explanations of treatment options and assuage fears.
Great communication skills with children such as toddlers, adolescents and teenagers.
Diagnose and treat diseases, injuries, or malformations of teeth, gums, or related oral structures and provide preventive or corrective services.
Design, make, or fit prosthodontic appliances, such as space maintainers, bridges, or dentures, or write fabrication instructions or prescriptions for denturists or dental technicians.
Perform oral or periodontal surgery on the jaw or mouth.
Plan, organize, or maintain dental health programs.
Prepare or evaluate dental health educational materials.
Manage business aspects such as handling paperwork or insurance claims.
Confer with other medical professionals to determine type and method of anesthetic or sedation to render patient insensible to pain.
Coordinate administration of anesthetics with surgeons during operation.
Decide when patients have recovered or stabilized enough to be sent to another room or ward or to be sent home following outpatient surgery.
Examine patient, obtain medical history and use diagnostic tests to determine risk during surgical, obstetrical, and other medical procedures.
Coordinate and direct work of nurses, medical technicians and other health care providers.
Inform OR staff of types and methods of anesthesia administration, signs of complications, and emergency methods to counteract reactions.
Manage anesthesiological services, coordinating them with other medical activities and formulating plans and procedures.
Position patient on operating table to maximize patient comfort and surgical accessibility.
Provide and maintain life support and airway management, and help prepare patients for emergency surgery.
Schedule and maintain use of surgical suite, including operating and anesthetic equipment.
bachelor's degree is the minimum required for these occupations. M.D Degree.
More than five years of experience in anesthesia field.
Good at English and Mandarin in writing and speaking. Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Able to listen to and understand information and ideas through spoken words and sentences. | http://www.parkwaypantai.cn/en/index.php/yishi/ |
Lectures, Seminars, Workshops, Conferences
At Durham University you'll find an extensive programme of public lectures and seminars. With an impressive line up of experts and renowned academics speaking on a myriad of topics, the aim is to share knowledge and encourage debate. Lectures on thought provoking subjects as diverse as history and astro-physics are aimed at a general audience and delivered at various locations across the University. Lectures in the Castle Public Lecture Series take place within the Great Hall of historic Durham Castle, while the Institute of Advanced Study hosts a year round programme of inter-disciplinary lectures. Our Museums offer public lectures to accompany exhibitions and events and our Colleges celebrate that they are scholary communities with series' such as Cafe Politique, Cafe Scientifique and Cafe des Arts.
Public lectures are free of charge and open to all.
Longevity, Grandmothers, and Multi-tiered Sociality: An Elephant Example by Professor Phyllis Lee
Among long-lived species such as primates, cetaceans and elephants, life history traits can reflect energetic and time trade-offs that are only apparent over a lifespan and vary between individuals and over successive reproductive events due to complex and dynamic social contexts. I present data on reproductive and social traits, including the contribution of grandmothers to female reproductive success, from one population of elephants in Amboseli, Kenya where individuals have been observed for 48 years. We show that social dynamics and kinship, as well as basic environmental factors, determine the success of individuals in terms of longevity and reproductive rates, as is typical for many species such as primates. Where elephants are distinctive appears to be in the propensity to maintain sociality over time and space rather than competitive interactions, as key factors determining survival and reproductive rates.
Seminar in Anthropology by Professor Phyllis Lee, emeritus Professor of Anthropology at Stirling University.
Contact [email protected] for more information about this event. | https://www.dur.ac.uk/whatson/lectures_seminars/?eventno=45856 |
The interplay between a population’s traits and environmental events feeds evolution by natural selection. These traits may vary from innate predispositions to acquire specific behavioral topographies to the ability to learn through local environmental changes (operant behavior). Thus, learning capability is historically inseparable from evolution by natural selection. In humans, besides inheriting behavioral predispositions and the ability to acquire novel behavioral repertoires, learning is dependent on social learning of culturally transmitted practices. Cultural practices are selected by environmental events as a function of their adaptive value to the group and also enhance members’ adaptive capability. Within a verbal community, individuals cooperate and coordinate their behavior, producing environmental changes that would not be possible otherwise. Those cooperative and coordinated responses are under the control of the verbal community’s sets of contingencies (i.e., culture), which also evolve over time. In this paper, the coevolutionary processes involving natural selection, selection of operant behavior, and selection of cultures (environmental settings) will be discussed within a behavior-analytic perspective. A special focus will be given to interlocking behavioral contingencies (IBCs) involved in maintaining and transmitting practices (controlling IBCs) and in the verbal community’s joint efforts (execution IBCs).
KeywordsSelection of cultures Controlling and execution IBCs Metacontingency
Notes
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank Ingunn Sandaker, Lucas de Carvalho, and Gunnar Ree for their support and feedback during the writing process. Tara Grant, the two anonymous reviewers, and the editor also gave valuable comments when revising this manuscript. The present text was adapted from the introduction of the author’s PhD thesis. | https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs42822-019-0001-y |
There are many examples in nature where inter-individual variability in life-history traits is exploited as an adaptive strategy. I and others have shown that inter-individual variability in the longevity pathways –and in particular, in stress response genes- has consequences for genetic/environmental phenotypic robustness as well as for lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. My main interest is to uncover the causes that explain inter-individual variability in lifespan. The variability across individuals must include an important non-genetic component because the laboratory strains of this nematode are genetically homogeneous. I propose that lifespan variation is a by-product of non-genetic sources of variability in the pathways that control longevity. Strikingly, inter-individual differences in stress responses are transgenerationally transmitted. Transgenerational memory is an adaptive strategy that informs the next generation about the likely environmental cues that will be encountered, and sets patterns of gene expression by the incomplete erasure of chromatin marks in the germline. I hypothesise that transgenerational epigenome inheritance introduces transcriptional variability for genes that influence lifespan. Also, I propose that the probabilistic nature of lifespan is caused by inter-individual differences in the inheritance of longevity genes that set the rate of ageing from early development. Understanding the basis of lifespan variability is crucial for personalised medicine, where not the average population but rather the individual is centre stage. It is equally crucial for the identification of new factors that may have been missed by the analysis of population averages that can have an impact for human ageing and health. More generally, I propose the inter-individual variability in the vertical transmission of transcriptional states as a unifying framework underlying a large class of adaptive phenotypes that vary among individuals. | https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/638426 |
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Creativity in Daily Life
Big “C” vs. little “c”
• Big-C focuses on highly talented individuals and large-scale achievements
• Little-c focuses on the average person’s creative hobbies and activities
• Method: experience sampling
o Allowed participants to choose their preferred 12-hour time
frame within which to be contacted (in order to get a higher
response rate from the participants)
• Within-person analysis: states or events that vary over time (measured
at every beep)
o Mood State
o Alone or with others
• Between-person analysis: traits or demographic variables (measured
once at the beginning of the trial)
o The BIG FIVE model
o BICB
o Academic Major
• Dependent Variable: are you doing something creative? | https://oneclass.com/class-notes/ca/york/psyc/psyc-3550/2270821-psyc-3550-lecture-10.en.html |
The increasing burden of chronic disease in the United States and other industrialized nations continues to drive healthcare costs to new heights. To reverse current trends, organizations are employing care management programs that target individuals with chronic conditions. The goals is to reduce costs and morbidity through better condition management. The challenge is to identify individuals for whom intervention can make a difference and find intervention opportunities at the right time: before adverse health outcomes escalate medical costs.
The dynamics of medical spending within a population can be counter intuitive. Spending is not solely driven by specific diagnoses, diseases, and clinical risks, nor by the same individuals from year to year. The potential for reducing costs varies among high-cost individuals. To effectively identify the appropriate individuals for an intervention, predictive models must take these dynamics into account.
Five principal rules govern healthcare costs within a total population and should guide the targeting of care management interventions. This document reviews these rules and outlines how Healthways’ predictive modeling strategies segment the population for the most effective targeting of interventions and the greatest impact on healthcare expenditures.
Key Takeaways:
- Five percent of the population is responsible for more than half of spending.
- High-cost individuals vary by year; chronic disease and health risks are insufficient predictors
of short-term costs.
- Not all cost is avoidable; greater value is derived by identifying individuals with mitigable risk.
- Sharecare predictive models are effective at identifying the members of a population with
near-term, avoidable spending increases, providing the opportunity to intervene prior to cost escalation. | https://wellbeingindex.sharecare.com/research/maximizing-care-management-savings-through-advanced-total-population-targeting/ |
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About This Project
Lemurs are in Trouble. They are the world’s most endangered vertebrates, and attempts to reintroduce captive-raised lemurs to the wild may be necessary within a decade. We will investigate whether lemurs born and raised in zoos have essential skills needed to survive in the wild by extracting food from a novel ‘False Fruit’ and navigating a complex 3D maze we call the ‘Tangled Tree’. Boot camp is tough and there’s no cheating allowed - they will receive no help or training on the tasks!
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Emerging infectious diseases have resulted in severe population declines across diverse taxa. In some instances, despite attributes associated with high extinction risk, disease emergence and host declines are followed by host stabilization for unknown reasons. While host, pathogen, and the environment are recognized as important factors that interact to determine host-pathogen coexistence, they are often considered independently. Here, we use a translocation experiment to disentangle the role of host traits and environmental conditions in driving the persistence of remnant bat populations a decade after they declined 70-99% due to white-nose syndrome and subsequently stabilized. While survival was significantly higher than during the initial epidemic within all sites, protection from severe disease only existed within a narrow environmental space, suggesting host traits conducive to surviving disease are highly environmentally dependent. Ultimately, population persistence following pathogen invasion is the product of host-pathogen interactions that vary across a patchwork of environments. | https://datadryad.org:443/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.j9kd51cdw |
Jordani, M. X., Mouquet, N., Casatti, L., Menin, M., Rossa-Feres, D. de C., & Albert, C. H. (2019). Intraspecific and interspecific trait variability in tadpole meta-communities from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Ecol. Evol., 9(7), 4025–4037.
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Résumé: A better understanding of species coexistence and community dynamics may benefit from more insights on trait variability at the individual and species levels. Tadpole assemblages offer an excellent system to understand the relative influence of intraspecific and interspecific variability on community assembly, due to their high phenotypic plasticity, and the strong influence that environmental variables have on their spatial distribution and individual performance. Here, we quantified the intraspecific and interspecific components of tadpoles' trait variability in order to investigate their relative role in shaping tadpole communities. We selected eight functional traits related to microhabitat use, foraging strategies, and swimming ability. We measured these traits on 678 individuals from 22 species captured in 43 ponds in the Atlantic Forest. We used single- and multitrait analyses to decompose trait variability. To explore the action of external and internal filtering on community assembly, we used a variance decomposition approach that compares phenotypic variability at the individual, population, community and regional levels. On average, 33% of trait variability was due to within-species variation. This decomposition varied widely among traits. We found only a reduced effect of external filtering (low variation in the height of the ventral fin within ponds in comparison to the total variation), whereas the internal filtering was stronger than expected. Traits related to the use of different microhabitats through the water column were generally less variable than traits related to swimming ability to escape of predators, with tail traits being highly variable within species. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating both intraspecific and interspecific, trait differences and of focusing on a diversity of traits related to both stabilizing niche and fitness differences in order to better understand how trait variation relates to species coexistence.
Mots-Clés: anura; community assembly; ecological niche; fitness differences; gradients; individuals; mechanisms; metaanalysis; morphology; phenotypic variability; phenotypic plasticity; pond; populations; stabilizing niche differences; streams
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Manel, S., Loiseau, N., Andrello, M., Fietz, K., Goni, R., Forcada, A., et al. (2019). Long-Distance Benefits of Marine Reserves: Myth or Reality? Trends Ecol. Evol., 34(4), 342–354.
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Résumé: Long-distance (>40-km) dispersal from marine reserves is poorly documented; yet, it can provide essential benefits such as seeding fished areas or connecting marine reserves into networks. From a meta-analysis, we suggest that the spatial scale of marine connectivity is underestimated due to the limited geographic extent of sampling designs. We also found that the largest marine reserves (>1000 km(2)) are the most isolated. These findings have important implications for the assessment of evolutionary, ecological, and socio-economic long-distance benefits of marine reserves. We conclude that existing methods to infer dispersal should consider the up-to-date genomic advances and also expand the spatial scale of sampling designs. Incorporating long-distance connectivity in conservation planning will contribute to increase the benefits of marine reserve networks.
Mots-Clés: conservation; fish populations; floating objects; gene flow; large-scale; larval dispersal; population connectivity; protected areas; recruitment; spillover
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Mannocci, L., Roberts, J. J., Pedersen, E. J., & Halpin, P. N. (2020). Geographical differences in habitat relationships of cetaceans across an ocean basin. Ecography, .
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Résumé: The distributions of highly mobile marine species such as cetaceans are increasingly modeled at basin scale by combining data from multiple regions. However, these basin-wide models often overlook geographical variations in species habitat relationships between regions. We tested for geographical variations in habitat relationships for a suite of cetacean taxa between the two sides of the North Atlantic basin. Using cetacean visual survey data and remote sensing data from the western and eastern basin in summer, we related the probability of presence of twelve cetacean taxa from three guilds to seafloor depth, sea surface temperature and primary productivity. In a generalized additive model framework, we fitted 1) basin-wide (BW) models, assuming a single global relationship, 2) region-specific intercepts (RI) models, assuming relationships with the same shape in both regions, but allowing a region-specific intercept and 3) region-specific shape (RS) models, assuming relationships with different shapes between regions. RS models mostly yielded significantly better fits than BW models, indicating cetacean occurrences were better modeled with region-specific than with global relationships. The better fits of RS models over RI models further provided statistical evidence for differences in the shapes of region-specific relationships. Baleen whales showed striking differences in both the shapes of relationships and their mean presence probabilities between regions. Deep diving whales and delphinoids showed contrasting relationships between regions with few exceptions (e.g. non-statistically different shapes of region-specific relationships for harbor porpoise and beaked whales with depth). Our findings stress the need to account for geographical differences in habitat relationships between regions when modeling species distributions from combined data at the basin scale. Our proposed hypotheses offer a roadmap for understanding why habitat relationships may geographically vary in cetaceans and other highly mobile marine species.
Mots-Clés: associations; atlantic; conservation; distribution models; diversity; environmental predictors; geographical variation; habitat relationships; highly mobile marine species; marine mammals; North Atlantic Ocean; populations; predator; species distribution modeling; temperature; whales
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Mendoza‐Portillo, V., Galván‐Tirado, C., Portnoy, D. S., Valenzuela‐Quiñonez, F., Domínguez‐Domínguez, O., Durand, J. - D., et al. (2020). Genetic diversity and structure of circumtropical almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana: tool for conservation and management. Journal of Fish Biology, .
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Résumé: The almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana, is a circumtropical pelagic fish of importance both in commercial fisheries and in aquaculture. To understand levels of genetic diversity within and among populations in the wild, population genetic structure and the relative magnitude of migration were assessed using mtDNA sequence data and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from individuals sampled from locations in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. A total of 25 variable sites of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3678 neutral SNPs were recovered. Three genetic groups were identified, with both marker types distributed in different oceanic regions: Pacific-1 in central Pacific, Pacific-2 in eastern Pacific and Atlantic in western Atlantic. Nonetheless, the analysis of SNP identified a fourth population in the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico (Pacific-3), whereas that of mtDNA did not. This mito-nuclear discordance is likely explained by a recently diverged Pacific-3 population. In addition, two mtDNA haplogroups were found within the western Atlantic, likely indicating that the species came into the Atlantic from the Indian Ocean with historical gene flow from the eastern Pacific. Relative gene flow among ocean basins was low with rm < 0.2, whereas in the eastern Pacific it was asymmetric and higher from south to north (rm > 0.79). The results reflect the importance of assessing genetic structure and gene flow of natural populations for the purposes of sustainable management.
Mots-Clés: Atlantic Ocean; conservation; gene flow; genetic populations; Pacific Ocean; pelagic fish
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Perry, R. I., Cury, P., Brander, K., Jennings, S., Mollmann, C., & Planque, B. (2010). Sensitivity of marine systems to climate and fishing: Concepts, issues and management responses. Journal of Marine Systems, 79, 427–435.
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Résumé: Modern fisheries research and management must understand and take account of the interactions between climate and fishing, rather than try to disentangle their effects and address each separately. These interactions are significant drivers of change in exploited marine systems and have ramifications for ecosystems and those who depend on the services they provide. We discuss how fishing and climate forcing interact on individual fish, marine populations, marine communities, and ecosystems to bring these levels into states that are more sensitive to (i.e. more strongly related with) climate forcing. Fishing is unlikely to alter the sensitivities of individual finfish and invertebrates to climate forcing. It will remove individuals with specific characteristics from the gene pool, thereby affecting structure and function at higher levels of organisation. Fishing leads to a loss of older age classes, spatial contraction, loss of sub-units, and alteration of life history traits in populations, making them more sensitive to climate variability at interannual to interdecadal scales. Fishing reduces the mean size of individuals and mean trophic level of communities, decreasing their turnover time leading them to track environmental variability more closely. Marine ecosystems under intense exploitation evolve towards stronger bottom-up control and greater sensitivity to climate forcing. Because climate change occurs slowly, its effects are not likely to have immediate impacts on marine systems but will be manifest as the accumulation of the interactions between fishing and climate variability – unless threshold limits are exceeded. Marine resource managers need to develop approaches which maintain the resilience of individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems to the combined and interacting effects of climate and fishing. Overall, a less-heavily fished marine system, and one which shifts the focus from individual species to functional groups and fish communities, is likely to provide more stable catches with climate variability and change than would a heavily fished system. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | http://www.umr-marbec.fr/r3fbas3/search.php?sqlQuery=SELECT%20author%2C%20title%2C%20type%2C%20year%2C%20publication%2C%20abbrev_journal%2C%20volume%2C%20issue%2C%20pages%2C%20keywords%2C%20abstract%2C%20thesis%2C%20editor%2C%20publisher%2C%20place%2C%20abbrev_series_title%2C%20series_title%2C%20series_editor%2C%20series_volume%2C%20series_issue%2C%20edition%2C%20language%2C%20author_count%2C%20online_publication%2C%20online_citation%2C%20doi%2C%20serial%2C%20area%20FROM%20refs%20WHERE%20keywords%20RLIKE%20%22populations%22%20ORDER%20BY%20first_author%2C%20author_count%2C%20author%2C%20year%2C%20title&submit=Cite&citeStyle=APA&citeOrder=&orderBy=author%2C%20year%20DESC%2C%20publication&headerMsg=&showQuery=0&showLinks=0&formType=sqlSearch&showRows=5&rowOffset=10&client=&viewType=Print |
Browsing UMB Open Access Articles by Author "van der Lee, Sven J."
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
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Genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of cortical structure in general population samples of 22,824 adultsHofer, Edith; Roshchupkin, Gennady V.; Adams, Hieab H.H.; Knol, Maria J.; Lin, Honghuang; Li, Shuo; Zare, Habil; Ahmad, Shahzad; Armstrong, Nicola J.; Satizabal, Claudia L.; et al. (Springer Nature, 2020-12-01)Cortical thickness, surface area and volumes vary with age and cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here we report heritability, genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of these cortical measures across the whole cortex, and in 34 anatomically predefined regions. Our discovery sample comprises 22,824 individuals from 20 cohorts within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank. We identify genetic heterogeneity between cortical measures and brain regions, and 160 genome-wide significant associations pointing to wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and sonic hedgehog pathways. There is enrichment for genes involved in anthropometric traits, hindbrain development, vascular and neurodegenerative disease and psychiatric conditions. These data are a rich resource for studies of the biological mechanisms behind cortical development and aging. | https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/11562/browse?type=author&value=van+der+Lee%2C+Sven+J. |
Darwin's Theory of Evolution (Theory of Evolution (Darwin wrote "…
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Theory of Evolution
Darwin wrote "On the Origin of Species"
Darwin defined natural selection as when a species is preserved if they have useful factors
Darwin knew, from the writings of Malthus, that populations could produce far more offspring than the environment could support.
Fitness
refers to the relative ability of an organism to survive and produce fertile offspring.
Variation
increases the chance that at least some individuals will survive if the environment changes.
In Darwin’s theory of evolution meant that individuals vary and populations evolve.
Darwin
natural selection is the process that results in living things with beneficial traits producing more offspring than others.
Darwin was a naturalist. He had to observe and collect specimens of plants, animals, rocks, and fossils.
no limits to what scientific investigation could uncover.
found that continents and oceans changed dramatically
HMS voyage for 5 years
Galapagos Islands
Influences on Darwin
Charles Lyell wrote "Principles of Geology"
"On Population" was written by Malthus
Theory of Inheritance of acquired characteristics = Lamarck
Malthus said there was a human struggle for existence, because of rapid population growth and limited food. | https://coggle.it/diagram/WtZP_7KpvCwpk1ht/t/darwin's-theory-of-evolution |
tell where something new begins and where something old ends can be difficult,
but in the case of this story there is one major turning point. Where? Well, it
all began with the rash actions of one girl - a girl who named herself
Hope.
Hope had always felt like an outcast, which wasn’t too far off
from the truth. She was the only humanoid member of the Dream World, as far as
she knew, who remained “Untainted.” Oh, how she hated the term, but it still
wasn’t the worst thing people called her. She hated being “worthless.” If she
were so worthless, then why did the Divine Leader bother keeping her around? It
just made no sense at all.
Today she was trying another one of her many escape attempts.
Being kept in the Untainted Territory on the outskirts of the palace all alone
was no luxury. She was alone because people were afraid to step foot on the land
set up for those without a mark. Only one person dared to visit her.
Delilah’s visits were probably the only thing Hope was going to
miss if she made it out of the Dream World successfully. After years of planning
and many failed attempts, she had finally perfected an escape plan. Tonight she
was going to succeed.
The sunset was absolutely beautiful. The glowing orb melted
behind the dark black castle, the action causing the whole sky to change colors.
She crept closer to the castle’s drawbridge as she watched the scenery.
“Heh,”Hope whispered under her breath as she watched the sunset.
“It’s like you are saying goodbye to me sun,” she laughed a bit to herself. Her
rash actions might just result in her death, but she no longer cared. What was
the point in living if you didn’t like where you were or what you did every day?
Risking her life for a change was completely okay with
her.
The drawbridge began to move up towards the sky. It had taken
forever for the timing to line up perfectly. Tonight the guards were in the
middle of a shift change while the bridge rose, perfect for
Hope.
As the wooden bridge lifted from the ground, she gripped the
wood, riding it upwards. She felt her feet leave the ground causing her to
tighten her grip. Her hands turned white from the strain as the bridge slowed to
a stop. Hanging vertically, she listened to the sounds of the guards on the
other side.
“Hurry up,” Hope hissed under her breath as the guards began to
move inside. The clank of their heavy armor echoed as they retreated into the
castle, ever so slowly. Finally, finally they had retreated
inside.
Quickly the girl pulled herself up until she was sitting on top
of the drawbridge. Below her was the hard stone entrance path. She had made it
to the castle. Hope pushed herself gently and slid, or rather fell, down the
other side of the drawbridge.
Landing with a soft thump, she looked around once more. No one
had seen her; she was safe. As quickly and as quietly as she could, she entered
the castle. The castle was beautifully horrifying and took her breath
away.
The opened room had many hallways merging off of it that went to
corridor after corridor of the huge castle. Hope couldn’t help but think that
the Divine Leader was in one of those rooms. Even though she wasn’t a true
member of the Dream World, she still respected their ruler.
Voices were coming closer, the new guards. Hope hid behind the
closest statue of who knew what as she listened to the voices. The castle was so
dark at night. It had been designed to use the sun as its main source of light,
so the torches that lit the halls were few.
“I don’t understand why we have to guard the castle; no one is
coming in,” mumbled one of the guards in annoyance. “I have better things to do,
like training those dang scouts.”
“We do what we are told and don’t complain,” a second voice
replied. “You know the stories of when our Leader is mad… Just don’t risk it.
Don’t risk dying,” the man mumbled. Their voices were fading now and eventually
out of ear shot.
Phase one of Hope’s plan had been completed successfully.
Still situated behind the statue, she quietly moved her hand to her
pocket, feeling for her map. Slowly, she pulled out the folded square. Delilah
had helped her make this map of the castle, and it was finally time for Hope to
use it.
She opened it up slowly and cringed a bit at the loud crinkling sound it
would make from time to time. The light was dim, and Hope struggled to read the
map. After staring at the piece of paper for some time, she finally was able to
trace the path she needed to take.
“Please work,” Hope whispered to the air as she returned the map to her
pocket. After making sure the coast was clear, which it was, she moved out from
behind the statue and down one of the long corridors to the right of the
entrance.
The winding hallway seemed never ending, but soon she arrived at a large
archway. Along the pillars of the arc were carvings of almost everything;
dragons, beasts, villages, elves, fairies, etc. In the center of the arc three
words were engraved deeply into the material: | http://www.natasha-rayne.com/chapter-one1.html |
Welcome to the Judge Myrlin O. Johnson Law Library
The Cameron County Law Library’s mission is to provide access to legal information to the citizens of Cameron County in ways that are reliable, efficient, respectful, innovative and economical.
Location & Hours
Oscar Dancy Building
1100 E. Monroe St. (956) 544-0824
Brownsville, Texas 78520 (956) 982-5421
Hours of Operation:
Monday – Friday from 8:00 am – 12:00 pm, 1:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Staff:
Law Librarian: Monica Guerrero
Assistant Librarian: Graciela Longoria
Services
The Law Library has a wide collection of legal books that include a variety of paper and electronic resources, which explain the application of state and federal law and court decisions, as well as various formbooks. Only attorneys are allowed to check out books and they have to be returned in (2) days.
*LEGAL ADVICE CAN NOT BE GIVEN BY THE LIBRARIAN(S)
However, the librarian(s) can direct you to the materials that may be helpful in finding your answers and show you how to use the materials.
Library Code of Conduct
The Law Library has (2) computers that are available to the public. There is no fee to use the computers and Internet.
Law Library Rules for the Public
The Law Library is intended for use by persons engaged in law-related research. The purpose of these rules is to ensure the Law Library patrons are provided a pleasant atmosphere which facilitates the performances of legal research.
- Everyone entering the Law Library must sign the sign-in log at the front desk located by the entrance.
- With the current circumstances surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic, the Law Library is requiring all patrons to follow state and county safety guidelines. PATRONS ARE REQUIRED TO WEAR FACE MASKS AND MAINTAIN A SOCIAL DISTANCE OF 6 FEET WHEN VISITING THE LAW LIBRARY. Please visit the Cameron County Covid-19 webpage for more information.
- Patrons shall be engaged in activities associated with the use of the public law library while in the Law Library. Patrons not engaged in reading, studying, or using the Law Library materials may be required to leave the premises.
- All computer users must sign-in at the workstation before using the computers.
- The Law Library provides computers to aid patrons in their legal research. Use of the computers to play games, view offensive materials, or other non-law related uses is not allowed and may lead to the patron being asked to leave or restricted from using the computers.
- Patrons shall respect the rights of other patrons. Patrons shall not harass or annoy other patrons, or otherwise behave in a manner which may be reasonably expected to disturb others.
- To avoid disturbing other Law Library patrons, patrons shall observe silence except when requesting assistance from the desk reference staff. Loud noise and profane language will not be tolerated. Patrons who need to converse must do so quietly so as to not disturb others.
- Patrons shall not attempt to make repairs to the Law Library computers or equipment. Patrons should instead ask staff for assistance.
- Patrons shall not write in, damage, or mark on Law Library books or other Law Library property. Doing so will be considered destruction of County property and will be prosecuted to the furthest extent of the law.
- Patrons shall not remove pages or books from the Law Library. Doing so will be considered theft of County property and will be prosecuted to the furthest extent of the law.
- Selling and solicitation are prohibited in the Law Library.
- Sleeping is prohibited in the Law Library.
- Unattended children are not allowed in the Law Library. In the event that a child is left unattended, Law Library staff shall notify the Cameron County Sheriff’s office. Any adult who brings a child into the Law Library must supervise and monitor the child’s behavior at all times.
- Food and beverages may not be brought into or consumed in the Law Library.
- No smoking or tobacco products are allowed in the Library.
- Because ringtones can be loud, patrons’ cell phone must be set to “vibrate” or turned off. Any call should be made outside the Law Library as telephone conversations could disrupt the concentration of other patrons. Patrons who receive a cell phone call should step outside the Law Library to hold the conversation.
- Laptops may be plugged in to draw AC power. The volume on all laptops must be set to “mute.”
- Patron’s personal belongings should fit neatly under the table and may not take up so much space as to deny other patrons a seating opportunity at the same table. Suitcases, bedrolls, and blankets are not permitted in the Law Library.
- Any patron, as well as the personal belongings of any patron, emanating an odor (including cologne or perfume) constituting a nuisance to other patrons may be asked to leave the Law Library.
To ensure all patrons have access to a safe, non-disruptive place to conduct legal research, these rules are strictly enforced.
Any violation of these rules may result in the responsible patron being asked to leave the Law Library until such a time as the patron, in the reasonable opinion of the Law Library staff, is able to demonstrate an ability and willingness to comply with these rules. The Law Library staff, along with the Cameron County Sheriff and their respective deputies, and other peace officers shall be authorized to remove any patron who violates any of these rules from the Law Library.
Viewing of any illegal, obscene or offensive material will be prosecuted to the furthest extent of the law.
Please note that the library staff is here to help and assist but NOT to do work for you. By opting to represent yourself, it is your responsibility to research and prepare any and all legal documents necessary for your case. | https://www.cameroncountytx.gov/law-library/ |
1. Qwidget1.1 Notifications to chatting librarian regarding patron email addresses.
Two new incident notifications have been added to the Librarian chat interface to help alert chatting librarians to the fact that Patrons have entered an email address.
The first notification: “Patron has added an email address” will appear in the librarian’s chat monitor as part of an in-progress chat session with a Qwidget patron who has added their email address after the session has begun. This will alert the chatting librarian that he or she doesn’t have to request an email address from a patron in order to allow the possibility of the patron’s library follow-up with that patron.
Ex 1:
The second notification: “Patron has chosen to remain anonymous (no email address available for follow-up)” will serve as confirmation that although the patron may have entered an email address in order to receive a transcript at the conclusion of a Qwidget session, they have also chosen NOT to reveal that email address to QuestionPoint.
Ex 2:
This means that the library will not have an email address as part of the record, to use for any follow-up purposes. The incident is displayed to the chatting librarian so that he or she will be aware that follow-up will not be possible if that anonymous check box stays checked. The “anonymous” check box can be changed while the session is in progress however, so the incident may also serve as a point of conversation between the librarian and patron, to help the patron decide whether he or she wants to change the option and include the email address without anonymity in order to allow follow-up if necessary.
The email address is still not visible to the chatting librarian in the patron information area of the chat monitor, but the new notifications in the chat history will serve as an alert that the email address is at least in play for the session follow-up capability.
1.2 Customizable confirmation of email sent from “closed” Qwidget
Patrons who send an email message from the Closed Qwidget screen will now see a confirmation message for approximately 10 seconds after their question has been submitted:
The default message is: “Thank you. Your question has been submitted”. This message can be customized from within theQuestionPoint Admin module.
1.3 Multiple Qwidgets allowed on the same webpage.
Version 3 of our popular “Qwidget” chat widget is now available. By upgrading your Version 2 Qwidget or downloading the newly-revised Version 3 Qwidget code, you can now host up to 5 Qwidgets on one webpage. Some examples of why this was a highly desired feature:
- libraries with multiple SUPs can have several different Subject Qwidgets co-exist on the same webpage;
- “Banner” Qwidgets can display across all of the pages on your site if desired and not impact your embedded LibGuides Qwidgets;
- Multiple language Qwidgets can simultaneously display on one page, if you have bi-lingual WebPages.
2 Email pilot expanded
We have successfully concluded the first phase of the recent “QuestionPoint via email service” pilot, and are happy to announce that more libraries will be invited to participate in offering this feature. If your library is interested allowing patrons to submit reference questions to your library using a simple email address in addition to your web-based “email form”, please contact Carol Bonnefil ([email protected]) for more details.
3 Searches/Reports/Reviews
3.1 Label change on Review Transcripts: Form Field Reports
On the Form Field Reports selection page, the item of “Question Form link” in the drop-down box of types of reports available has been changed to “Webform/Email” to better describe all of the types of questions included in that report. Choosing “Webform/Email” will produce a list of all of the questions submitted using the QuestionPoint “email form” as well as questions submitted to your library’s QuestionPoint email address (a new service currently in Pilot phase. See section 1.2 )
3.2 Label change on Search Transcripts, Transaction Type Limiter:
On the Advanced Search screen of Search Transcripts in the Ask Module, the Transaction Type limiter “Email Transaction Only” has been changed to reflect the actual search function limiter of “Email/Webform/Walk-up (Add Question) only”.
4 Policy Page formatting explanation added
On the Policy Page edit field (available to Admins and Ask Admins in the Profile Module), and explanation of how to create hot-links to URLs within the fields has been added:
“Add angle brackets to any URL to convert to a hyperlink, except where noted in specific field instructions.”
This will remind librarians that html complicated html tags are not necessary to convert URLs to hotlinks. Except for where noted in a particular field, the addition of left and right angle brackets at the beginning and end of a URL, respectively, < >, will convert it to a hotlink on the actual Policy Page display.
5 Transcript exports
A new custom feature is available for libraries that wish to continuously export their transcripts into their own hosted environments. Using S-FTP, transcripts can be exported to a remote self-hosted environment. All incidents that cause a change in transcript content or status will trigger an export of the transcript, permitting nearly-synchronous duplicate transaction information on your locally hosted machine and allowing for data mining, reports capabilities customized to your own liking, and further activity upon all of your QuestionPoint transactions. For more information on this custom service, please contact Carol Bonnefil ([email protected])
Fixes
1 Qwidget fixes.
1.1 Display of URLS in chat history in Qwidget was inconsistent.
Prior to this install, lengthy URLs could fail to “wrap” in the frame, thereby causing Qwidgets to display improperly on the webpage.
URLs are now contained in the frame, regardless of length.
1.2 Patron’s email address is removed from view after email question is submitted from Closed Qwidget.
After a patron enters their email address and question, and uses the “Submit” button, the patron’s email address is now immediately removed from the screen, rather than upon page refresh, in order to better protect the patron’s privacy in a public venue.
2 ISoft Daily Chat Stats report for July 8, 2012 have been recovered.
It was reported that the daily stats for chat sessions which occurred on 7/8/12 were not correctly displaying in the Reports module. This has been corrected and all statistics for 7/8/12 have been updated. Monthly totals for July 2012 cannot be retroactively corrected to include the statistics for July 8th activity. To achieve a correct total for a Monthly, Quarterly or Annual report for 2012, the total from the Daily report for 7/8/2012 will have be manually added to the respective Mnth/Qtr/Yr end report. A note has been added to the Reports page to remind users of this.
3 Online Patron Form Field Reports now match Offline Reports.
Data columns in Online Patron Form Field Excel reports now match same data in the offline reports in Ask Module>Review Transcripts.
4 Patron Account Question Lists
Patron’s sessions in their QuestionPoint Patron account are now default sorted in chronological order. | https://questionpoint.blogs.com/questionpoint_247_referen/2012/10/release-notes-for-october-14-2012-install.html |
The Librarians and One Reader
1. My first public library librarian in St. Paul, Minnesota handed me A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett, and whenever I went back to the library, I would start by finding that book on the shelf, my familiar cornerstone.
2. When my middle school librarian urged me to browse, I discovered two things: George MacDonald’s The Light Princess and that I could find good books myself.
3. My high school librarian showed me how to use the subject, author, and title sections of the card catalog and the Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature. She smiled at me every single time I came in and let me nap on the rug between the fiction shelves.
4. When I came new to my town with two little kids and a third on the way, the children’s librarian at the public library had a weekly story hour that fed my soul. She gave me a place where my kids were welcome, entertained us with voices and brilliantly illustrated stories, and sent us home with piles of knight books.
5. The school librarian where I taught high school English added a new column on her sign-up sheet so I could reserve the big blue chairs for my students. She ordered shelves of manga and quietly repurchased the coveted books on sexuality that kept walking. It frightens me to think how much of her own money went to our collection.
6. When I was forming a book group with my new neighbor, I invited the retired children’s librarian, the same one who once read to my kids at story hour, to be a founding member, and now I’m able to swap book ideas with my dear friend every month.
7. This weekend I’m off to ALA in Las Vegas, where I’ll have the chance to meet a few librarians. It goes without saying that they’ll be knowledgeable, enthusiastic, and generous. What they may not know is that the past kindnesses of previous librarians predispose me already to be grateful to them. | https://www.caraghobrien.com/book/the-vault-of-dreamers/librarians-one-reader/ |
Last week, in a 6-3 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that federal employment discrimination law, Title VII, protects gay and transgender employees. It’s a historic ruling — one long overdue! — and Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote the majority opinion. And it’s even sweeter for this ruling to come during Pride Month. You can read more about the decision here on the SCOTUS blog. We still have a long way to go when it comes to LGBTQ+ rights, but this moment is one to savor.
It also got me thinking about the 1993 film, Philadelphia, which earned Tom Hanks his first Best Actor Oscar for portraying Andrew Beckett, a lawyer who gets fired from his law firm after his homosexuality and AIDS diagnosis are discovered by his law partners. With the help of lawyer Joe Miller (Denzel Washington), Beckett sues his law firm for wrongful dismissal. This film was released 27 years ago — repeat, 27! YEARS! AGO! — and only now, in 2020, would Beckett be recognized under Title VII protections.
Here is a trailer for the film, if it’s been a while since you’ve seen it. The movie is available to rent via Amazon Prime.
Law library scene
At first, Miller does not want to help represent Beckett, so Beckett has to start researching on his own. And that leads us to a pivotal scene at a law library, which comes in at about a quarter of the way through the film. Beckett is researching materials in a law library, and Miller is at a nearby table.
A reel librarian, played by Tracey Walter, approaches Beckett with a book on AIDS discrimination he has found for him. The librarian, who is white and male, looks to be in his 40s, with thin, balding hair. He is conservatively dressed, in a sweater, tie, and button-front shirt, and he is not wearing glasses. Beckett thanks him for the book, but the librarian does not leave.
Let’s listen in:
Librarian: We do have a private research room available.
Beckett: I’m fine right here, thank you.
Another patron then approaches the table and asks the librarian for help finding a case. The librarian tells him, “Just a moment, I’ll be right with you.” He then turns back to Beckett, sighs heavily, wipes his chin, and then leans in slightly in order to place his hand on the library table.
Librarian: Wouldn’t you be more comfortable in a research room?
Beckett [looks around and coughs]: No. Would it make you more comfortable?
Miller then gathers his stuff and walks over to Beckett.
Miller: Beckett, how you doing?
Beckett: Counselor. Huh.
Beckett then stares back at the librarian, who then looks up at Miller. Miller stares down the librarian and, in a gesture of challenge, nods his head. The librarian then drops his eyes to Beckett.
Librarian (to Beckett): Whatever, sir.
The librarian turns to leave, and then so does the other patron sitting at Beckett’s table. Miller stays to review the material that Beckett has gathered, and he decides to take the case.
The scene lasts two minutes and was filmed at the Fisher Fine Arts Library, in the Furness Building on the University of Pennsylvania campus in Philadelphia. As it’s a pivotal scene — one that sets up the rest of the film — and the librarian makes an (unfortunately) memorable impression, this film and librarian portrayal land in the Class III category, films in which the librarian(s) plays a secondary role, including a minor character in a memorable or significant scene.
You can watch the entire library scene here in this YouTube video:
Assessing this library scene and its significance
This scene is awkward, and purposefully so. There’s not a lot of dialogue in this scene, but a whole lot of long stares, silence, and sub-text that speak volumes in-between the gaps of spoken text. The camera angles also shift, reflecting each person’s perspective. I want to break down what I imagine is happening with each major character in this scene: the law librarian, Miller, and Beckett. Full disclosure: I am writing from the perspective of a White, cisgender, heterosexual woman, so my perspectives are limited. If you have alternative, different, and/or more nuanced ideas of what’s happening in this scene, please leave a comment and share!
Law librarian (Tracey Walter):
What is going on in this reel librarian’s head as he decides to keep standing and asking Beckett if he wants a private room? He’s clearly connected the dots between the request for an AIDS discrimination case and Beckett, who is visibly pale, with watery eyes and a cap to cover what is presumably a bald head. The librarian believes Beckett himself has AIDS. Therefore, I can imagine he is rationalizing to himself that he is being kind to this patron, by framing his recommendation as a question (“Wouldn’t you be more comfortable…?”) rather than as a command. I can also imagine that he is rationalizing to himself that he is protecting other patrons from this person who has AIDS. These kinds of rationalizations reflect the time period and the uninformed attitudes about AIDS, but they are not excuses for discrimination.
I wonder what’s going on in this reel librarian’s head as he processes the collective stare-downs from Beckett and Miller. Who has the power in this situation at the beginning, and does that shift during this scene? I think the librarian is weighing his options and ultimately decides that it’s not worth his effort to continue trying to hassle Beckett into a private room, because (a) he’s outnumbered, and (b) he doesn’t want to call attention to himself and also be accused of racism — although when it was just homophobia, he was fine with it — because it’s clear Miller, a Black man, is a lawyer and supports Beckett. In that moment, the power shifts from the librarian to Miller and Beckett, and it’s all done through stare-downs and sub-text.
The librarian also tries to have the last word in this low-key stand-off, but it’s weak: “Whatever, sir.” He also sighs and shrugs as he turns away. It’s clear that he hasn’t learned any positive lesson from this interaction.
The camera angles used in this scene also make the audience feel like we’re in Beckett’s position, too, and that we’re being looked down on by the librarian.
Joe Miller (Denzel Washington):
At the beginning of this scene, Miller stops chewing, and his entire body gets very still. He recognizes the librarian’s discrimination even before Beckett does.
After overhearing the librarian recommending a private room, he pushes his stack of books in front of him. Why? To disassociate himself from the situation? To assess the situation without being spotted himself? To deflect any other discrimination the librarian may be tempted to dish out? To see and assess how Beckett handles himself in that situation?
When he overhears Beckett standing up to the librarian, that’s when Miller’s face shifts and changes. That’s when he stands up and joins Beckett. Miller, a Black man, faces discrimination due to the color of his skin. Beckett is facing discrimination due to his sexuality and AIDS status. Together, they are stronger.
Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks):
Beckett seems to be taken aback at first by the librarian’s reaction. Beckett thanks the librarian warmly at the beginning of the scene for the book he requested, and then he settles back into working. But he quickly reassesses the situation when the librarian will not leave.
He does not allow the librarian to put the onus on him regarding the private room. Instead, Beckett redirects the librarian’s question back onto the librarian: “Would it make you [the librarian] more comfortable?” He’s not going to play this game that the librarian is trying to play. He is calling out the librarian and his real motives.
Beckett also ensures the librarian knows that Miller is a lawyer. When Miller comes over, Beckett pauses before referring to him as “Counselor.” Such a smart move! This signals to the librarian that he’s up against two lawyers, and he, the law librarian, is not going to win this fight today.
Why this scene matters
It is a small battle, sure, but this is no ordinary fight — this is a battle of wills, a battle against discrimination. This scene sets up an everyday kind of discrimination, in perhaps the least likely place: a law library. Libraries are usually viewed as safe, quiet spaces. But even in a so-called “safe” space, biases and discrimination and micro-aggressions lurk. And it’s important to show to the audience that neither Beckett nor Miller will allow this small act of discrimination to go unchallenged. If the audience can understand and buy into the fact that this librarian was wrong in this small act of discrimination, then they can understand that the bigger acts of discrimination, like being fired, are wrong, too. It is a pivotal moment in the film, and this film reflected a pivotal moment at that time, when we needed mainstream films that humanized gay men, that exposed the everyday discrimination that LGBTQ+ persons faced (and continue to face), and pushed back against the baseless fears that people at that time had about AIDS and homosexuality.
It is not like we’re post-discrimination today — we are in the streets protesting against discrimination right now — but films and moments like these are important in broadening the message of inclusivity and exposing the ripple effects of discrimination and micro-aggressions.
I wrote this in the post I wrote for the I Love Libraries blog last month:
This statement is applicable here, too. The reel librarian in Philadelphia (1993) is demonstrating anti-LGBTQ+ bias. Plain and simple — and oh-so-devastating. He reflects society at large in this moment. As such, he serves as Information Provider. He is providing information to the audience that LGBTQ+ discrimination can, and does, happen anywhere. Even in a library. Even from a librarian. It is a sad and uncomfortable truth that librarians can be as discriminatory as anyone else, which is especially disheartening because our job is to help people.
This month, our country is better for expanding employment rights and protections to gay and transgendered people. But we cannot cease fighting for progress, equality, and equity. And we cannot shy away from our own failings, reel and real, past and present.
Sources used
- “The Fisher Fine Arts Library: Iconic Buildings List.” University of Pennsylvania Almanac, 21 Jan. 2020.
- Philadelphia. Dir. Jonathan Demme. Perf. Tom Hanks, Denzel Washington, Jason Robards, Joanne Woodward, Antonio Banderas, Mary Steenburgen. TriStar, 1993.
- “Philadelphia (film)” via Wikipedia is licensed under a CC BY SA 3.0 license.
- Snoek-Brown, Jennifer. “What Hollywood Gets Wrong (and Right!) About Librarians.” I Love Libraries, 26 May 2020. | https://reel-librarians.com/2020/06/24/law-librarian-failure-in-philadelphia-1993/?shared=email&msg=fail |
The situation was getting more desperate every day. The entire neighborhood crawled out of bed in the morning groggy and heavy-eyed, and went to work more tired than the day before. All night “music” concerts were keeping everyone awake until dawn and it seemed like nothing could be done.
The howling of stray cats
A group of superstitious men, fearful of evil spirits, believed that making loud music would keep them safe from the spirits during the night. But this wasn’t music at all, and certainly not the sweet devotional chanting that Mukunda, as Yogananda was then called, loved, or the lively festival music that was familiar in India. The superstitious men banged loudly on drums and cymbals and their singing sounded like the howling of stray cats fighting over garbage.
They did not care that people complained, or that their music disturbed everyone who could hear. The growing exhaustion and anger of their neighbors meant nothing. They thought only of keeping the ghosts away.
As a young man, Mukunda was known for his pranks and tricks. One morning he overheard someone remark, “The uproar they make is enough to wake the dead!” Mukunda smiled and told his friend that he had a plan. He then asked his friend to spread the word to all the boys in the neighborhood to come to his house at ten o’clock that night and to bring wooden spoons and tin pots.
Mukunda’s pranks were well known but his fun was always centered in love. If Mukunda had a plan, his friends were sure it would be hilarious and they wanted to help. All day the boys whispered in anticipation and passed on Mukunda’s instructions. By ten o’clock a crowd of boys had arrived at Mukunda’s home.
A ghostly rout
Mukunda knew that the thoughtless “musicians” would only heed complaints that came from the very “ghosts” they were so afraid of. If these men were convinced that even the evil spirits were tired and annoyed, surely they would stop.
The boys sneaked quietly through the darkness and surrounded the noisy house. The men inside couldn’t hear anything through all the noise they were making, and the boys didn’t make a sound until Mukunda signaled.
When Mukunda gave his signal, the boys began beating on their pots. They all howled and screeched and moaned until they sounded like an army of angry ghosts—the frightening noise was deafening.
The boys’ racket finally got the attention of the musicians who all stopped to listen. Mukunda signaled and the boys stopped too. The moment of silence was tense. One of the musician’s timidly opened the door and called out into the darkness, “Brother Ghost?”
Mukunda aimed and threw firecrackers through the open door, exploding the silence. Then all the boys renewed their ghostly noises, louder than before. It sounded as if every evil spirit in Calcutta was descending on that house!
This uproar was too much for the poor men who were now certain that they had angered the entire spirit world. Every one of them dropped their instruments and ran out into the darkness.
Peace restored
Mukunda’s family and neighbors slept well that night, grateful that peace had been restored and a solution had been found without anger or serious consequences. However, when the frightened men discovered that the “ghosts” they had heard were led by Mukunda, they demanded that the school principal expel him from school as punishment.
Fortunately, the principal saw how inconsiderate the men had been and understood Mukunda’s humorous plan. He told the men that if the disturbances continued he would do something about it himself. Angry ghosts, real or imaginary, and a school principal after them were enough to make the men promise never to resume their midnight music. | https://www.ananda.org/blog/ghosts-yogananda-music-india/ |
And that goes for men, too. For solitude, I suspect, is a human need versus a want.
Over the years, solitude has become as essential to me as breathing. If I don’t have at least half an hour in the morning to sip my coffee, reflect on the day before, plan the day ahead, dream about the future, give thanks for the blessings in my life, send out a prayer for those in need and then just sit quietly for a few moments – not thinking about anything at all – then my day tends to spiral out of control pretty quickly.
“When our minds are calm,” explains Calgary author Elisabeth Fayt, in her excellent book, Paving it Forward; The Energy of Creating, “little disturbances in the day are like small pebbles causing mere ripples in the lake of our consciousness. When our minds are restless, little disturbances are like boulders causing great waves in our consciousness.”
“From a calm centre,” Fayt continues, “we make better decisions.”
“Certain springs are tapped only when we are alone. The artist knows he must be alone to create; the writer, to work out his thoughts; the musician to compose; the saint, to pray. But women need solitude in order to find again the true essence of themselves.”
– Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Gift from the Sea
So why is it so difficult for people to find time – make time – for solitude?
I’m sure there are many reasons but I suspect a common one is guilt. In fact, many female friends have told me over the years that they do, indeed, feel guilty if they actually stop whatever work they are doing in the middle of a, God forbid, Tuesday afternoon just to sit down with a cup of tea to read a magazine article – or simply stare out the window.
Why? Because that’s not productive.
Well, contrary to what our Puritan work ethic might have us believe, I beg to differ.Simply stopping for ten minutes to quiet one’s soul just might be the most productive thing we do in a day. Click To Tweet
“Only when one is connected to one’s own core is one connected to others. And for me, the core, the inner spring, can best be refound through solitude.”
– Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Gift from the Sea
In her delightful 1955 book, Gift from the Sea, author Anne Morrow Lindbergh suggests that the end to which we are all striving is inner stillness: “To be the still axis within the revolving wheel of relationships, obligations and activities.”
“But instead of stilling the centre,” Lindbergh observes, “we add more centrifugal activities to our lives.”
Sound familiar? Gee, let’s see how much more I can accomplish in a day!
“The problem,” Lindbergh writes, “is how to remain whole in the midst of the distractions of life; how to remain balanced, no matter what centrifugal forces tend to pull one off center. Solitude alone is not the answer, only a step towards it. The problem is more how to still the soul in the midst of activities.”
But in order to be able to still the soul in the midst of activities, we first need to master stilling one’s soul during solitude, while doing not much at all.
To this end, Lindbergh suggests solitary activities that oppose the centrifugal forces: “Quiet time alone, contemplation, prayer, music, a centering line of thought or reading, of study or work. It can be physical or intellectual or artistic, any creative life proceeding from oneself…what matters is that one be for a time inwardly attentive.”
Ahhh…but therein lies what I suspect might be another significant reason why people don’t stop and just sit quietly – without TV or movies or their phones or computers to distract them.Being “inwardly attentive” can be rather daunting indeed. What if we don’t like what we see? Click To Tweet
What if some annoying little thought, such as “You need to go back to school so that you can get a job you love,” or “You need to tell your family that you need more help around the house,” bubbles to the surface?
Sometimes it seems safer to just keep moving – and fair enough, sometimes it is. But sometimes the wisest thing to do is simply stop…and come what may.
One of my personal favourite centering activities, during the summer, is puttering in my garden, especially pruning flowers. For some reason, this calms me right down. Some people prefer more formal meditation. A friend of mine finds kayaking very calm-inducing. Another friend loves to watch waves gently lapping against the shore.
On that note, Lindbergh explains beautifully the benefits of time spent in solitude: “Life rushes back into the void, richer, more vivid, fuller than before. It is as if one did actually lose an arm. And then, like the star-fish, one grows it anew; one is whole again – complete and round…more whole, even, than before, when the other people had pieces of one.”
So there you have it: if you won’t make time for solitude for your own benefit, then perhaps do so because in the long run, you will have more to give to those you love.
Maryanne Pope is the author of “A Widow’s Awakening.” She also writes screenplays, playscripts and blogs. She is the CEO of Pink Gazelle Productions and a Director with the John Petropoulos Memorial Fund. To receive Maryanne’s blog, “Weekly Words of Wisdom,” please subscribe here. | https://www.pinkgazelle.com/2014/09/10/sweet-solitude-why-time-alone-is-important/ |
Reviewed by:
Ceil Carey, retired public librarian and long time book discussion leader
REVIEW INTRODUCTION
Title:
The crushing depths
Author:
Dani Pettrey
Publisher:
Bethany House
http://bakerpublishinggroup.com/bethanyhouse
Date:
2020
Format:
Paperback
Length:
365 pages
OVERVIEW
Rissi Dawson and Mason Rogers are Coast Guard investigators on the job when the life of an oil rig worker is lost in an accident. They are flown to the scene and immediately sense the tension between crew members. And there is tension between them as well as their feelings for each other deepen.
Several things are causing this stress. Was it merely an accident? Is there really a curse as is whispered among crew members? Could it be the fault of the environmentalists who are threatening to stop “the plague on the environment” and halt their work?
Storms are raging, some weather-wise and others among the crew members. Can Rissi and Mason sort this out and bring a killer to justice?
ASSESSMENT
Rating (1 to 5):
4
Suggested Audience:
Fans of Christian suspense and romance
Christian Impact: | https://eclalibraries.org/2021/06/07/the-crushing-depths/ |
My very first reference question as a working librarian was about Margaret Thatcher. Since Lady Thatcher recently passed away, it is worth mentioning.
A patron approached the reference desk and told me that Margaret Thatcher had crossed the chasm of death to speak to her in a dream. The patron requested that I interpret this dream and provide information about Mrs. Thatcher, who was just a name to her.
I informed the patron that Lady Thatcher was retired but still alive. In keeping with my training, I then said that I was not able to interpret her dream, but could provide biographical information about Thatcher, as well books about dream interpretation.
This response did not entirely satisfy the patron, but she promptly interpreted her own dream without assistance: Lady Thatcher had supernaturally appointed her the British ambassador to the United States.
It was not my place to dispute her claim.
And what is the street address of the British Embassy? With information I provided her, the patron left the library, heading for Washington, D.C. to inform Sir Christopher Meyer, then serving as Her Majesty's Ambassador, that he had been relieved of his post.
I offer my regrets to Mr. Meyer for any inconvenient unemployment I may have caused. | https://www.neatorama.com/2013/04/11/Dreaming-of-Margaret-Thatcher/ |
Diary of a Librarian: #NewYearGoalsPosted: January 1, 2020 Filed under: Librarian | Tags: Librarian, library, new years, resolutions, technology Leave a comment
2020! Woooo!
The concept of decades and years and minutes and hours and stuff like that are all human and based on Earth-specific metrics, like our relative gravity and the speed of our planet’s rotation. Making New Year’s resolutions is as arbitrary as marking this particular day as the first of the year. But when you get right down to it, a lot of human aspirations are arbitrary. Take money. Once you have enough of it to satisfy your personal standard of living, you’re not really going to improve your life by adding more. In fact, you’re probably going to make yourself a bit more miserable because it’s not money that you actually like, but having a challenging goal.
Nevertheless, even the zen-est librarian jumps and hollers at a job that offers a raise. I’ve done it myself! In fact, this attitude led directly to the single biggest kerplunk of my career. I believe that I was too focused on achieving a goal – making more money – and not focused enough upon getting a job where I actually enjoyed the day-to-day.
At my current position, which is not a kerplunk, I experience a rush of happiness when I complete a task, followed by a steep dip into dissatisfaction when I realize that there’s nothing left to do. This spike and dip pattern zeroes itself out. I might successfully help a patron retrieve a password, but then there are no more patrons for a long time and I risk becoming bored. (Boredom! My eternal nemesis!) However, having a steady project, like running a driver update schedule on all of our staff and public computers, keeps me busy and gives me a running sense of accomplishment. Occasional setbacks are inevitable and can be frustrating, but the process is, on the whole, more satisfying than reaching the conclusion.
I’ve noticed this before while hiking, reading, writing, whitewater kayaking, fighting, dieting, roller derby bouting, and gardening. Obviously we need goals for the purpose of motivation and actual productivity; there’s not much point in tenderly caring for a tomato crop all year if you’re not going to get some nice juicy beefsteaks out of it. But is it possible that this is one of those little evolutionary tricks that nature has played upon us humans for our own good, like our desire to consume mass amounts of sugar and sit on our asses all day? Is it possible that this is a trait that is no longer as useful as it would have been when we were, say, running down antelopes over the course of several days?
That’s why, for this fun but arbitrary annual counter, I’m going to make an arbitrary adjustment to new Year’s tradition. Instead of resolutions, I’m going to make adjustments to my life and process that I will maintain going forward. Personally, this will involve a whole lot more walking and biking and a whole lot less buying new stuff. Librarianwise, it’s all about the tech with a big dollop of self-care.
Always Be Studying
STUDY FOREVER! My role at Nevins Library has recently involved an uptick in downtime, and that’s not great for me. I like to be doing something every minute of every day. Otherwise, I get bored! (BOREDOM! My eternal nemesis!) Luckily, the library’s new computer use policy allows staff to participate in educational activities when not otherwise engaged. With the shelves still gone, we have relatively few patrons visiting us on the reference floor, and that means tons of study time.
I intend to work through the Meyers Comptia A+ Certification Study Guide until I’m ready to take the test, then clamp right down on Python and maybe Swift. If I could eventually get a custom iPhone app for library computer maintenance tracking out of this, I’ll be exceedingly happy.
Ticketing
I’m making some adjustments to how I handle low-grade IT problems, which are the only grade of problems I’m currently qualified to solve. I’m de facto IT at the Nevins Library, which was a major impetus of my desire to learn more about computers before I realized that I’m really quite talented at computers.
I recognize that I’m not a “real” IT person yet – the library contracts with someone who has a complete CS education and commensurate experience – but since I’m the one staff members call to unjam copiers in situ, I want to keep track like the big kids. I’ve already started a receipt and ticketing system based on our shared staff server. It’s very, very simple, because it’s literally just a Word and Excel document pair that I fill in by hand after I deal with a tech problem.
Someday I’ll learn to automate it, but for now, it seems to be working OK. My goal this year is to make writing a ticket as natural a process as responding to a tech problem in the first place.
A Little Insulation
I come down very hard on myself. This is a lifelong pattern and it disturbs the people around me. I don’t enjoy it, either. If I knew why I do it, I’d stop! It comes across as unfair and uncomfortable at best, which I know because good friends have leveled with me. I’ve also come to believe that this bad habit may strike people who don’t know me well as manipulative. This alone makes me want to modify this behavior because I am, in fact, a painfully earnest person.
I believe that I’ve improved upon the self-hatin’ since I first realized that it was such a serious issue, but I have a long way to go. (My sense of humor in particular goes a little too far past self-deprecating.) I think that the solution is to treat this tendency like an anger problem: when I have feelings, I’ll step away for a few minutes until I feel better or get distracted.
Here’s to 2020, folks. May your libraries thrive and your patrons throw away their own food.
Featured image from Pineapple Supply Co. on Unsplash!
Diary of a Librarian: Just Keep LearningPosted: December 24, 2019 Filed under: Librarian | Tags: A+, CompTIA, continuing education, gift, hardware, holiday, Librarian, library, study Leave a comment
I passed my Intro to Hardware class this month. Hooray! Astonishingly, I loved every minute of it. That’s not to say that it’s not dry as heck – it is, it totally is – but it’s dry in a way that I like, if that makes sense. I got to make up little rhymes about the number of pins on DDR3 double inline memory modules. (The DDR3/Has two-forty!/Dee dee dee! I’ll take my Grammy now, thanks.)
I liked hardware so much that I was sad to see it go. I had the same feeling after I passed the databases class earlier this year. This stuff is fun. I’m really lucky that I’ve had this chance to discover that I’m good at this thing that I sort of wrote off previously. My library is lucky, too, if I may say so. Based on what I learned in this class, I instituted version control and now do a nice double-check on my favorite driver update software, Dell Command.
Furthermore, I’m not letting it go. Using the library’s stellar Safari online resource, I’m studying for the CompTIA A+ exam. My target is to pass it this summer. Meanwhile, I’m learning as much from my study book, which features the snoozingly generic title
Comptia A+ Certification All-In-One Exam Guide, as I did from the class. The author, whose name is actually Mike Meyers, has a knack for making RIMMs and DIMMs engaging (can you guess what chapter I’m on?)
If you want to bone up your tech skills, this particular book could absolutely take you from neophyte to adept, no class needed. It’s 28 chapters of gold, plus links.
I’m also lucky that the library is helping me accomplish this goal by assisting with my community college tuition. They believe that if my skills improve, so does the library’s resources. I’ve talked before about what I think modern libraries really need in terms of skills and I stand by my observations. Part of a librarian’s job should be continuing education and employers should be supportive.
In other library news, we’ve seen the usual flood of junk food into the circulation area this year, but Reference got something more. The other day, a patron came up to me and tried to give me a $50 gift card to Barnes and Noble. Naturally, I had to decline – municipal ethics training is very explicit about the nefarious gift, second cousin to the infamous bribe. The last thing you want is bribe-brarians! But this patron was insistently grateful and bless his heart he was going to give me fifty bucks.
Eventually, I asked for guidance from my boss and we figured out that we could just turn the card over to the person who was ordering books for the department. I accepted it and handed it right over to my superior, no muss no fuss. That’s two books our budget isn’t going to have to cover! Thanks, patron!
So happy holidays, everyone! The days are getting longer, another year is coming with all of its tantalizing opportunity, and our families are eager to hear about anything except the weaknesses of the Dewey Decimal System. Make sure and tell them about it in exhaustive detail.
Featured image by Hannah Busing!
Diary of a Librarian: The Skills We REALLY NeedPosted: November 27, 2019 Filed under: Librarian | Tags: communication, continuing education, education, elders, graphic design, IT, Librarian, linguist, public libraries, public library, seniors, special needs, specialization, technology Leave a comment
Hello, friends! It’s nearly Thanksgiving, so I’ll keep this short, sweet, and to the point. We librarians need to edumacate ourselves.
I’m not talking about increasing our focus on reference or becoming better at beeping the books. That’s the old way of thinking about specialties. These days we need to develop new skills, and that means continuing ed. Let’s pay librarians’ tuition and send them to school to develop some useful new skills! These skills don’t have to be specific to each staff member. Someone could develop two specialties or even triple up – this, after all, is libraries.
Here’s what I think we need the most right now.
Education Librarian
We’re as much teachers these days as anything else. Patrons want to learn how to download apps and use Excel. The problem is that, aside from school librarians, we generally don’t know how to teach.
The education librarian would coordinate learning events in the library and, when necessary, instruct other librarians on how to be good teachers. When someone declares that there should be a Coursera run in the library, it’ll be the education librarian who figures that out.
Internal Communication Librarian
Librarians tend to be free spirits. Individualists. A herd of cats, you could say. And that’s great! Except it also isn’t. It also means that we trip all over each other in a group. Enter the internal communication librarian!
This person takes business classes and then manages meetings, makes sure that everybody knows what’s going on, and generally makes sure Person X talks to Person Y about Person Z’s project. Maybe they’d run an internal staff blog detailing the library’s news.
Outreach Librarian
A lot of places already have this person – my place does. But too many do not! Some librarians need to take marketing classes and become library bloggers, social media experts, and advertising mavens.
Renfrewshire Leisure are recruiting for a School Librarian and a Primary Outreach Librarian. If you think either of these roles might be for you then don’t delay – applications for both close this week! Full details are available here: https://t.co/OL07ncgcRT
— CILIPScotland (@CILIPScotland) November 25, 2019
IT Librarian
That’s me, guys! The IT librarian might come in with some IT background, but they could also get training as they work for the library. They don’t have to be hackers or whatever, they just need to know something about a motherboard and be ready to talk the lingo to tech support.
The IT librarian could double as the cybersecurity librarian. They’d track the institutional passwords and explain to everyone why they really do need to change every 60 days.
Elder Librarian
Seniors have particular needs. Sometimes, these involve mobility and vision accommodations that most of us don’t think of before they happen to us. At the same time, they’re big-time library patrons. Why not specialize a librarian to them the way we do with teens?
Graphic Designer Librarian
Libraries aren’t not going to need to do outreach in the future. That outreach isn’t not going to need to look good. Why not train someone to be the library’s professional artist?
This shouldn’t require an art degree, just a willingness to learn. The graphic designer would make clipart, zshuzsh up promotional materials, and keep library materials on-brand and looking neat.
Betabrarian
We need librarians whose job priority is to watch for trends in the profession and in the wider world, and then test them out to see if they could be useful in a library context.
They should go to every conference, collect every business card, and build a weekly situational report for their institution that includes new social factors (“OK Boomer,”) new tech developments (foldable smartphone,) and the results of their own R&D. For example, maybe this is the person to test NFC stickers in the library.
Love your librarian? I do. Knowledge, guidance, recommendations, historians, and (wait for it…) unsung heroes of the tech world? Vote up this unique session to discover their critical role in tech. SXSW PanelPicker® https://t.co/sCsgXr0kAE #librariansintech
— AcqEditorJoan (@AcqEditorJoan) August 7, 2019
Special Needs Librarian
There are a lot of possible applications for this kind of expertise. Are libraries overwhelming environments for autistic people? I have no idea! I’m not autistic and have no training in that area. Are children’s books available enough to adults who read at a low Lexile? Once again, it’s a need that exists and we might be able to meet it if we train someone to be an expert on the topic.
Linguist Librarian
This intrepid person’s job will be to learn languages. They should come into the library with at least two, but over the years, they will learn more. The library will send them to school to learn Spanish, French, Arabic, Mandarin, and anything else that could possibly come in useful. It won’t be their entire job, per se, but it’ll be a big chunk.
Now I want to hear your ideas. Comment with the librarian specialization you think we need right now! If you think librarians already have enough going on in their lives without more stupid school, comment about that too.
Happy travel day, library friends!
Special thanks to this awesome dude for our featured image!——-> Dollar Gill
Diary of a Librarian: Windows 10 Is Still Free. Also, more SupportAssist.Posted: November 20, 2019 Filed under: computers, Librarian | Tags: computers, Librarian, library, problems, public library, SupportAssist, technology, Windows 10 1 Comment
It’s true. If you have a Windows 7 machine, you can still get an upgrade for free. It’s legal, too. Go to the Microsoft website at this link and download the media creation tool. Run it. Do it now before the 7pocalypse arrives in January!
And don’t take it from me. Take it from ZDNet.
In bookish news, I’m still working on Part 3 of my DHALGREN review. (Part 1 is here.) I might have it up tomorrow, so grit your teeth and hang onto your harmonicas. For now, join me in the sweet, easy, fun library life, where we skip through fields of aahhhh who am I kidding SupportAssist did another crazy thing today.
This time, I had a computer (One! Single! Computer!) on our staff network freezing at odd times. It started yesterday with freezes that happened closer and closer to startup and did not respond to ctrl+alt+del. I crashed the poor thing and performed a system restore, feeling very technological and cool. That seemed to solve the problem.
AT FIRST!
It didn’t take long for dear little Computer 43 to fritz out again. Today, it froze after a restart, and then during a diagnostic scan. I called uncle, and Dell, too.
I avoid calling Dell because my customer service experience with this company is extraordinarily spotty. Sometimes they’re super-on. Other times, their technicians make little pew-pew noises when they think they’re on hold and then delete networked printers willy-nilly over my strident objections. This time, I was lucky. My dude figured out that SupportAssist had been causing the system to freeze up at a deep fundamental level.
Part of the reason for this was that SA has two versions. One is a Windows app and the other is a Dell app. You can get the Dell app from the Dell website. You can get the Windows app from the Windows App Store. That one appears to be buggy. It may also be either advertising itself very aggressively or chronically reinstalling itself on some machines. This actually explains a lot about how my library’s public-facing machines have been behaving.
So he uninstalled SupportAssist, although it took him a couple of attempts, and suggested that we not use this Dell-origin piece of wrecknology anymore (thanks, Christine, for this situationally perfect word.) I’ll be passing his suggestion along. If I never had to lay eyes upon SupportAssist again, I’d be happy. I’m now 14% sure that this is how God intends to end the world.
Diary of a Librarian: SupportAssist Is The Root Of All EvilPosted: November 13, 2019 Filed under: computers, Librarian | Tags: computers, Librarian, library, public library, SupportAssist, technology 1 Comment
Technically, I’m a technology librarian. That means that I know kind of how to make the computers behave themselves under ideal circumstances. Under less-than-ideal circumstances, I can either call tech support and spend hours on the phone or gracefully give up and text our IT contractor. However, there’s a decent handful of problems that I can manage on my own.
In a strictly professional sense, SupportAssist is one of these. However, I am not emotionally qualified to handle this cringingly horrible piece of Dell bloatware. Every time it does a new weird thing, which is about once every other week, my heart falls.
Even when SupportAssist is working correctly, everything about it is annoying. For example, when it’s processing, it flashes three little waiting dots. One two three. Right? Dot 1 flashes and goes out, dot 2 flashes and goes out, dot 3 does the same, then repeat. Right? RIGHT?
WRONG.
SupportAssist’s first dot flashes correctly, but the second and third flash together. Simultaneously. Every. Single. Time. Even though it’s a stupid superficial thing that doesn’t matter at all, the obviousness of this bug galls the hell out of me. It looks so bad. Also, if your intuition tells you that someone who missed that glaring issue might have missed others, then give that intuition of your a big wet smack on the lips, because it’s a winner.
Problems with SupportAssist abound. I could schpiel on for days about the nonsense I’ve endured with this damnable program, from times I’ve tried to remove it (it reinstalled itself) to times I’ve tried to update it because it was being an enormous heckin’ vulnerability. (Incidentally, during that fascinating episode, SupportAssist actually refused to install. What a world!)
For the past several weeks, I’ve been trying to stop SupportAssist from forcing popup notifications on our patrons. These are just update requests, but they require an admin password, and patrons, skittish darlings that they are, aren’t equipped to deal. Anyway, making any change to these computers requires turning off our disk imager, DeepFreeze, before I make any changes. There are a couple of restarts involved. The process is a bit of a slog, but it’s worth it because DeepFreeze is a great piece of software that keeps everybody’s filthy data off our nice clean library machines.
So I’m not sorry that I’ve been unfreezing and freezing our DeepFreeze clients for the last month, trying to figure out how to make SupportAssist stop yelling at our patrons. That’s just part of the game. I’m also thrilled that our IT consultant figured out a lasting fix – yay! What maddens me is that today, when I tried to apply said fix, I discovered that the issue had begun because SupportAssist had either a. tried to update itself and installed a bad version; b. become universally corrupted on all computers and decided to watch the world burn instead of working; c. decided to ask the user before updating its own bad self while also not being capable of doing that because it was too broken; d. all of the above.
I’m going to go with d. Somehow, it’s d.
That meant that I had to reinstall SupportAssist on each machine just so that I could tell it to never notify the user about its need for updates, driver or otherwise, ever again. It took…a while. I spent a lot of time watching its little waiting dots.
On the bright side, it does seem to have worked. As a certain TV hero once said, I love it when a fix comes together, at least long enough for the program to un-toggle it and/or go wonky so that I have to go back in and start all over again.
Until next month, SupportAssist.
Diary of a Librarian: Dum-dums for PatronsPosted: November 6, 2019 Filed under: Food, Librarian | Tags: candy, dum-dums, Food, food in the library, food program, free food, Halloween, hard candy, homeless, Librarian, public librarian, public library, teens Leave a comment
If you’ve ever worked at a library service desk, then you absolutely know that patrons can be surly, rambunctious, problematic, inappropriate, and rude. Any patron can become an issue – I’ve personally had the most trouble with older, wealthier people – but in some cases, the issue is obvious: hanger.
Hanger is the pernicious emotional combination of hunger and anger that manifests when your blood sugar level falls at the same time as your email fails to load. When I see it in the library, it’s usually in kids and homeless people. There aren’t any eateries nearby and the city itself doesn’t support any shelters that I know of, so it stands to reason that these populations would be the hangry ones.
However, the weeks surrounding Halloween have been blessedly free of hanger-related orneriness. Why? Because we put out a festive seasonal candy dish.
The candies weren’t what you’d call choice. Most were the small suckers the kids back home used to call dum-dums [edit: this is, incredibly, what they’re actually called] and hard candy a la Werthers. My awesome coworker, who is nice to the point that I want her to give a librarian master class, added a bunch of leftover fun-sized chocolate bars today. However, even hard candy disappeared at a steady rate. Who took it? Our homeless patrons, that’s who! Teens and kids as well. Once dined, their dispositions and our patron interactions noticeably improved.
So here’s my proposal: let’s keep the spirit of Halloween alive all year long. Nobody’s going to clean us out of dum-dums. They’re sucky candy in multiple senses. Let’s stock them at the reference desk 365 days of the year! People could take as many as they’d like from a freely available bowl, although I suspect they’d only take two or three at the most. Nobody’s going to try to survive on dum-dums, and it takes a while to eat one. That’s ten-ish minutes when the patron is not immediately in want of food and therefore irritable.
Honestly, I might buy them in bulk with my own personal money. It’s not like this is caviar. We’re re-opening the reference floor soon and we’ll definitely see our foot traffic increase again. I’d like to see our patron interactions remain as positive as they have been with our regulars these past few months.
Diary of a Librarian: The Charging Cord BluesPosted: September 25, 2019 Filed under: Librarian | Tags: charging cords, collections, Librarian, libraries, public library, tech, technology Leave a comment
I’ve had a lot of burners on the stove lately. In addition to the biggies, which I won’t discuss because they will bore you, I must keep my Libby-based digital audiobook stash fresh. This means zooming through The Cuckoo’s Calling at 2.5x normal speed so I can read whatever’s just downloaded from my holds list.
The things that stress out librarians.
Also stressing me out is the cost of replacing our charging cords. At my library, we hand out charging cords in exchange for a collateral ID card. Usually, the people who need charging cords are kids, and usually, they don’t have any ID on them.
What am I going to say? No, foolish child! Go file for a state ID and then come see me about this $30 cord after a seven-to-ten day wait for shipping! Ugh. Obviously I let the kids take the cord, and they’re generally pretty honest. I have them write down their name and phone number just in case they forget to bring the cord back, but that would be tough these days. I’ve figured out a way to wire a laminated tag to the plug housing in such a way that it can’t be gotten off without breaking one of the wires.
From now on, any disappearances are definitely theft. Conceptually, disappearances might have been happening before now, but one cord looks very much like another and we’d incorporate enough found cords into our little collection that our supply remained fairly stable. Not that it’s not theft to swap out your busted cord for our nice one. I wouldn’t be 100% surprised if this is why our cords have been aging so fast, because they have been aging fast. One day, the cord is brand-new; the next, it will not charge for god or country.
On the other hand, we also get cord donations occasionally. I’m fairly sure that these are well-meaning, but it results in a couple negative eventualities:
- The used cords become busted cords more quickly anyway, and since we don’t know the cord’s age we can’t really guess when that will happen
- We end up with irregular and off-brand cords that don’t work as well as quality ones
- As bad as lookism is, it’s nice to have a consistent brand, and a random hot green cord disrupts our branding game
- We always have a ton of Android cords and never have enough iPhone cords.
We’ve flirted with the idea of getting dedicated charging stations for the library before, and although they are fairly expensive, I think they’d solve some of the squirrelly minor issues with lending charging cords. Now that we’ve got to revamp our entire reference floor anyway, it seems like it might finally happen. That said, I sincerely hope that we get one for each floor so that people don’t have to glom onto just one unit.
We’re going to have to be conscious of replaceability if we go with a standalone charging unit a la conference or mall charging kiosk. The other reason that our cords might be aging out so fast might have to do with how patrons are using them. As usual, the root problem is data collection. We don’t really know what the patrons are doing to our equipment, though the imagination paints some interesting pictures, and if we don’t know that, we don’t know nothin’.
On the other hand, we could just gin up some shoeboxes with power strips inside. Added bonus: we could decorate those any way we wanted. Housing options are essentially unlimited. We could use a bread box, a basket – god, one trip to A.C. Moore multiplies the possibilities. There are myriad ways to hide a bus. Maybe we could borrow a few extra dollars from the replace-iPhone-cords discretionary fund for security measures. I figure a few wall anchors, some tastefully disguised chicken wire, and a padlock ought to do the trick. | https://annagoodingcall.com/tag/librarian/ |
My High School Binder: Privacy and the Cyber Librarian
Over a year ago I was sitting in class listening to a speaker talk to us about virtual reference. He was discussing the pros and cons of a very expensive v-ref package, something our university library system had experimented with but hadn’t chosen to use in the end. The cons included frequent crashing and blue screens, and the pros mostly highlighted a function the cheaper packages didn’t have.
“Co-browsing,” he said. “It means we can control a patron’s browser remotely, take them to web pages, type in logins, that sort of thing.”
I was shocked.
Another story: some years ago now I spent many an hour coding an extensive historical recreation in an interactive environment. Essentially, you could wander through this virtual world and meet and talk with historical figures in the midst of some important moment in their life. St. Francis preaching to the birds; Marie de l’Incarnation looking out the convent window as her son stands below, demanding the return of his mother; Martin Luther defending his position among the Roman Inquisitors. One of the first little programs I created was one where the user would contract plague. They would experience all the symptoms over about a 20 minutes period, and then be magically cured by the patron saint of plague-suffers. The entire cycle started only if the user opted to pet a rat that they found in one of the tavern rooms. In another spot, I wrote a program that would add early English phrases to everything a user said. For instance, a user typing “Hi there!” to another user in the room would instead have said “By God’s blood! Hi there!”
There was serious consternation among the administration about these programs as I was writing them. Was it ethical to have our environment act upon a user without their explicit consent, and without them having any ability to stop it? While users were entering a world of my creation, where should my programming tweaks stop and the user’s autonomy take precedence? At what point did my neat little tricks start to seriously edge in on the user’s sense of control and self of (online) self? Could that violation damage the learning experience?
One of the issues involved in internet life has long been called ‘netiquette’; what is polite and what is offensive in this environment of the internet? What are the rules? How shall we determine good behaviour? As it turns out, the rules are still very much contested and in flux.
As far as I’m concerned, the user’s own computer is an extension of his or her brain. Your desktop is your mental landscape, your workspace; in order to truly create you need to feel safe within those four borders that make up the edge of your screen. Isn’t there something inherently creepy about the idea that someone might have an eye in on what you’re doing on your own computer? While a public terminal or lab computer may be simply a tool in the public eye with no personal owner, a personal computer is, to me, sacrosanct. It is a person’s personal view on the wired world, an archive of everything you’ve done, a half-empty notebook waiting for more bad poetry and silent declarations of undying love. A personal computer is that old high school binder with all the traded notes and pictures still in it. The teacher may control what kind of mimeographed papers end up inside it, but the housing itself, the binder, the words scrawled on the pages: that’s mine.
This is how I feel about my own computer, and nothing quite riles me in quite the same way as someone peering over my shoulder to read my screen. To me this is a serious breach of privacy, the same as peering into my ears in the hopes of seeing what I’m thinking. This computer is mine; the organization of the desktop is my own; while the software may be “owned’ by some fancy corporation, this iteration of it is mine. Asking for help is not the same as turning over my brain. Asking for help is not an invitation into my high school binder.
I suspect a librarian at the reference desk would not grab a patron’s notebook and start writing directions and advice in it. I presume she would not write a phone number on a patron’s hand in a magic marker, useful as that may be. She would not, I gather, take a patron’s notes, reorder them, add new headings, and hand them back in a shiny plastic folder. Are we so certain that “co-browsing” is a good idea in the first place? To me, taking remote control over a browser of a patron is unethical and an invasion of privacy.
I understand the appeal. It’s always easier to take the keyboard away and “show them how to do it right”. But should that be our professional practice?
What business are we in? That’s what my friend Jennifer Robinson always asks. Are we in the business of doing a patron’s learning for them, stepping in and typing the keywords for them, or are we in the business of helping patrons to find what they need, providing some help and guidance in the ebbs and flows of the information world? Yes, it’s so much easier to do it for them. It’s easier to take over control of their
hands browser and show them how its done. It’s harder to give clear, verbal or type-written help based on the needs and skill level of a patron. It’s harder to listen in over the phone as a patron does the typing with two fingers. It’s harder to start from scratch and explain where the search box is and what goes in it.
But isn’t that our job? | https://rochelle.mazar.ca/2005/01/24/my-high-school-binder-privacy-and-the-cyber-librarian/ |
Maecenas is the second most prominent of the close advisers of Augustus after Agrippa. Like Agrippa, very little is known for certain about his background and he certainly did not come from a family distinguished in the politics of Rome. He was possibly with Octavian by 43, if Propertius’ suggestion that he weave Maecenas into the epic story of the war against the assassins is not ironic.
Maecenas emerges into history as a fixer in early 39 BC. He negotiated Octavian’s marriage to Scribonia (Appian, Civil Wars 5.53). He then led negotiations at Brundisium on behalf of Octavian (Appian, Civil Wars 5.64) and continued to liaise with Antony over the next years (Appian, Civil Wars 5.92). But when the war with Pompeius was going badly. Maecenas was sent to Rome to ensure order and to prevent who might have been loyal to Pompeius from revolting (Appian, Civil Wars 5. 99).
Maecenas was also left in charge of Rome in 31 BC when Octavian headed off to fight Antony. In this context, Velleius gives us a miniature pen portrait of Maecenas
While Caesar was engaged in giving the finishing touch to the war at Actium and Alexandria, Marcus Lepidus, a young man whose good looks exceeded his prudence — son of the Lepidus who had been one of the triumvirs for the re-establishment of order in the state and of Junia the sister of Brutus — had formed plans for the assassination of Caesar as soon as he should return to the city. The guards of the city were at that time under the charge of Gaius Maecenas, of equestrian rank, but none the less of illustrious lineage, a man who was literally sleepless when occasion demanded, and quick to foresee what was to be done and skilful in doing it, but when any relaxation was allowed him from business cares would almost outdo a woman in giving himself up to indolence and soft luxury. He was not less loved by Caesar than Agrippa, though he had fewer honours heaped upon him, since he lived thoroughly content with the narrow stripe of the equestrian order. He might have achieved a position no less high than Agrippa, but had not the same ambition for it. Quietly and carefully concealing his activity he unearthed the plans of the hot-headed youth, and by crushing Lepidus with wonderful swiftness and without causing disturbance to either men or things he extinguished the portentous beginnings of a new and reviving civil war. Lepidus himself paid the penalty for his ill-advised plot. Servilia his wife must be placed on a parity with the wife of Antistius already mentioned, for by swallowing live coals she compensated for her untimely death by the lasting memory of her name.
Maecenas was the man Octavian chose to enforce his will in Rome. Velleius was a supporter of the imperial regime. He approved of Maecenas’ actions in crushing Lepidus, but the devil here is in the detail.
- The investigation was secret.
- The crushing of Lepidus was quiet and the man was killed.
- His wife killed herself in an astonishingly painful manner (was this even possible?), suggesting a determination to resist Caesar to the point of death.
- There is no mention of a trial or due process. It is like praising the secret police for secretly disappearing someone.
Whether Lepidus was conspiring or not, Maecenas moved with extreme force. One suspects that his preparedness to act with violence and in defiance of law and convention made him a man to be feared. He was just the man Octavian needed to keep Rome in order in dangerous times.
For Velleius there was a contrast between the forceful actions of Maecenas and characteristics which were seen as unmanly: notably a lack of ambition for formal honours, a fondness for luxury, and what appears to be a lurking accusation of effeminacy. Such a line is the sort of clue that historical novelists love, but its relationship to the truth is at best questionable.
But perhaps more useful is the claim that Maecenas was of distinguished lineage. Such origins are mysterious, but are mentioned in Horace’s Odes 1.1 where Ovid talks of him as a descendant of ‘ancient kings’. Those kings have to have been leaders in one of the towns of ancient Etruria.
The accuracy of this claim must also be open to doubt. These lineages stretched back into the mists of legend and it is perfectly possible that a prominent and
rich individual fictionalised such connections. But to do so, the family of Maecenas must have been plausibly prominent, but not part of the traditional Roman aristocracy.
So, we have a close adviser to Augustus who claimed descent from kings, whose luxurious habits were such that it might recall for Romans the behavior and morals of kings, and whose political actions towards citizens had more than a hint of the tyrannical authority exercised by kings. One might think that he was the worst nightmare of the traditional senatorial elite.
Terentia
Maecenas was sufficiently prominent and powerful that he married into that Roman aristocracy. His wife was Terentia and Terentia was widely believed to be the lover of Augustus: this was a close group (Dio, 54.19). There were persistent stories about his relationship with Terentia, wife of Maecenas, including scandalous stories that he made Terentia and Livia appear nude before so that he could judge their relative beauty (Dio, 54.19; Suetonius, Augustus 69). Suetonius includes stories of Augustus having Roman matrons and unmarried girls paraded naked before him so that he could make his choice. He also has the best excuse ever for infidelity: Augustus supposedly slept with the wives of leading Romans so that he could learn their husband’s secrets. Whereas other men would be exiled for the crime against the state that was adultery, Augustus committed adultery for the state.It was Terentia who supposedly leaked the discovery of Murena and Caepio conspiracy in 22 BC.
It is possible that Maecenas’ influenced waned after 22 BC and as a result of the crisis of that year. In 16 BC, when Augustus went to Gaul and Agrippa was in Syria, Augustus did not leave Rome to his control (Dio, 54.19).
Maecenas is perhaps best known now as the patron of poets. Propertius, Horace and Virgil all proclaimed a connection to him. He was also a patron of the theatre, having actors within his social circle (Dio, 54.17).
Such activity has encouraged moderns to see him as a sort of culture minister, making a counterweight to Agrippa the soldier, but that would be to simplify and diminish his role and to think in modern bureaucratic terms. Maecenas had responsibilities under the Augustan regime, but his most important role was friend and confidante of Augustus, a position of enormous power and influence and trust.
Dio also provides a miniature pen portrait of Maecenas, on the occasion of his death in 8 BC.
All these things filled him with pride; but he was grieved at the death of Maecenas. He had received many benefits at his hands, for which reason he had entrusted him, though but a knight, with the oversight of the city for a long period; but he had found him of especial service on occasions when his own temper was more or less uncontrollable. For Maecenas would always banish his anger and bring him to a gentler frame of mind. Here is an instance. Maecenas once came upon him as he was holding court, and seeing that he was on the point of condemning many people to death, he attempted to push his way through the bystanders and get near him. When he was unable to do this, he wrote on a tablet, “Pray rise at last, executioner!” Then he threw the tablet into the lap of Augustus, as if it contained some indifferent matter, and the emperor imposed no death sentences, but arose and departed. Indeed, he not only was not displeased at such liberties, but was actually glad of them, because whenever he was led into unseemly outbursts of passion by his natural disposition or by the stress of his affairs, these were corresponded by the frank speech of his friends. This also was a supreme proof of Maecenas’ excellence, that he not only made himself liked by Augustus, in spite of resisting his impulsiveness, but also pleased everybody else, and though he had the greatest influence with the emperor, so that he bestowed offices and honours upon many men, yet he did not lose his poise, but was content to remain in the equestrian order to the end of his life. Not only for these reasons, then, did Augustus regret his loss exceedingly, but also because Maecenas, although vexed at the emperor’s relations with his wife, had left him as his heir and had empowered him to dispose of all his property, with very few reservations, in case he wished to make gifts to any of his friends or others. Such was the character of Maecenas and such was his treatment of Augustus. He was the first to construct a swimming-pool of warm water in the city, and also the first to devise a system of symbols to give speed in writing, and he used Aquila, a freedman, to train a considerable number in the system.
His wife’s serial infidelity with his friend may have irritated, but Maecenas was an urbane and diplomatic figure. His ability to advise and restrain and speak truth to power were valued by Augustus. This was an essential requirement for friends. Their relationship gives the lie to the stereotype of the modern Great Man, whose greatness allows none to stand in its way. For Romans individual power required the operation of reason and restraint and the great man needed his friends to keep him in place.
Maecenas and Augustus appear to have got over any difficulties in a working friendship that spanned at least 32 years. Maecenas was one of the reasons Augustus succeeded. | https://ancientromanhistory31-14.com/augustus/maecenas/ |
Recently I had to give up my personal Facebook archive. It’s a long and boring story, but something I never expected to be asked to do and it felt wrong…maybe a tiny bit icky. It got me thinking more about privacy and the places we store information online. While you might not realize it, librarians tend to think about privacy a lot and even have a Library Bill of Rights. What you might not know, is that since the Patriot Act was enacted and expanded, there have been librarians under gag orders who could not publicly speak out about their experiences related to the FBI demanding that patron data be handed over.
In July 2005, two FBI agents visited the Library Connection in Connecticut. The Library Connection is non-profit cooperative of library databases that arranges record-sharing between 27 different libraries and tracks book rental and other services. The agents handed The Library Connection’s executive director a document that demanded that he produce any and all “subscriber information, billing information and access logs of any person or entity” that had used library computers for 45 minutes on February 15, 2005 in any of the 27 libraries whose computer systems were managed by the Library Connection. The FBI wanted the private data on library patrons to protect against international terrorism.
A National Security Letter (NSL) is a written directive to produce records that the FBI issues to third parties, such as telephone companies, Internet Service Providers, banks, consumer credit reporting agencies, and libraries. The legal framework for NSLs was established by Section 505 of the USA Patriot Act in 2001. Recipients of an NSL are typically under a perpetual gag order and are not permitted to disclose it. A library can be required to hand over books, documents, computer files, and hard drives for an investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities. Such letters existed before the Patriot Act, but were greatly expanded by the law.
If you worked for the library and received one of these letters, you could not speak of it ever. Librarians protested the renewal of the Patriot Act, but lost in a tie. What would library staff do if they couldn’t talk about it? Ever? They started to get creative and post canary signs, which read something like “The FBI has not been here today, but watch closely for this sign to be removed.” The Connecticut librarian was under a perpetual gag order, unable to speak out or testify about it during a debate over the Patriot Acts’ renewal. Eventually the gag order was lifted and a group of librarians, known as the Connecticut Four in library circles, began to speak out publicly.
Many libraries gather the minimum amount of patron information needed for library operations, and if you’re curious, you can see exactly what type of data is collected by the JHU Libraries. The American Library Association recommends that if a library collects data about patrons for planning, library staff should do so in a way that protects the identity of the patron. As long as records exist, however, librarians cannot ensure confidentiality, because agencies will seek this information and can do so more easily under the Patriot Act. If a library or library vendor is going to store patron data then the librarian should ask for the patron’s permission and tell them about the risks.
Many librarians feel privacy is a basic right and strongly support a First Amendment right to receive information from a publicly funded library. Courts have upheld privacy rights based on the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution. Ultimately, however, the biggest threat to privacy is not an NSL, but it is you. It’s me. It’s the choices we make in how much information we self-publish through Facebook, Twitter, or give away to third party services who may store data far longer than a library. It’s the privacy rights we give over to vendors and other companies in exchange for services we like, such as recommending related books or personalizing our accounts to our liking. How many times have you quickly scrolled or clicked through service agreements without really reading them deeply? I know I have in the past, but from now on, I plan to think more intentionally about my online presence.
I thought I had nothing to hide in that Facebook archive, and actually, I didn’t…but it didn’t make it feel any better to hand it over and worse still that others were sifting through and reading it. Once I realized what it felt like to turn over that personal data myself, on a much smaller and humbler scale than an NSL, it was too late to stop others from seeing it. For our much larger online footprint, we owe it to ourselves to think about what we are putting out there about ourselves, how we feel about it overall, and start to think about it. | https://blogs.library.jhu.edu/2015/08/privacy-rights-what-we-click-away/ |
The Wilton Public Library will provide a safe, comfortable environment that is conducive to the use of library materials either by individuals or small groups.
II. Expectations of Library Users
Patrons using the library are expected to behave in a way that is appropriate to the library’s purpose as stated above. Therefore, the following kinds of behavior are prohibited.
A. Any behavior that is illegal.
B. Any behavior that endangers oneself or others.
C. Any behavior that is disruptive of the library environment.
D. Any behavior that is abusive of staff members or other patrons.
E. Any use of the library that interferes with the library’s purpose.
III. Responsibility for enforcing this policy
The primary responsibility for enforcing this policy rests on the staff member in charge of the library when the incident occurs. Any staff member observing the incident is encouraged to take action to stop the behavior and then refer the incident to the librarian in charge. The staff member will document the incident on the library’s Incident Report Form. This form will be kept in a restricted access file by the Library Director and will be used to track problems that are reported by staff and also those of a reoccurring nature.
IV. Procedures
A. The goal of staff action will be to curtail a patron’s inappropriate behavior and to encourage the patron to behave appropriately in the library.
B. Response to any incident should occur as soon as possible after the incident begins.
C. Except in cases where the staff feel in physical danger, they will discuss the inappropriate behavior with the patron, suggest alternatives, and if necessary state the consequences of continued inappropriate behavior.
D. In cases where an illegal or highly dangerous incident occurs, the staff member in charge is authorized and encouraged to call the police.
E. In cases where a juvenile refuses to behave appropriately in the library, the staff member in charge may call the juvenile’s parents.
F. When a patron continues to behave in an inappropriate manner after the staff has warned the patron that such behavior is inappropriate, the librarian in charge is authorized to tell the patron to leave and to call the police if the patron refuses.
G. In the event that the police are called, there will be an automatic ban (revocation of invitation) for 30 days. If this occurs a second time, the ban will be for 90 days. In the event of a third incident regarding police, the ban will be for 1 year. If the patron comes on library property during the time of the ban, the police will be called to charge the individual with trespass.
Unattended / Vulnerable Child Policy
The staff of the Wilton Public Library welcomes patrons of all ages to visit and use the library and its resources. We are concerned about the safety of all library users, especially children. The library is not equipped, nor is it the library’s role to provide long-term or short-term daycare for children of any age. Library staff cannot supervise children or act as substitute babysitters.
The Wilton Public Library recognizes the parents’ or guardians’ responsibility for the behavior and well-being of their children. We respect the privacy of all library patrons and intervene only when a child is at risk.
The Vulnerable Child is an unattended child of any age who is deemed by the staff to be at risk.
If a Vulnerable Child comes to the attention of library staff, the parent or guardian will be notified. If the parent or guardian cannot be reached, the police will be called.
Under no circumstances will the staff take the child out of the library. | https://www.wilton.lib.ia.us/library-information/policies/rights2 |
We're getting on into the evening. My last passenger of the night is an older African-American gentleman. Often he can be seen sitting on the sidewalk outside Bartell's at Third and Union. He was there earlier, and is now getting on at Pine southbound; I imagine he didn't find quite what he was looking for at the open-air marketplace that is Third and Pine. It's time for him to check out the other drug bazaar, Third and James.
Arthur Conan Doyle once noted that worlds of considerable complexity and size can coexist in the same physical space with relative invisibility; different levels of life swirl around us as we, unbeknownst, drift through. These layered milieus often only take form in the eyes of others through instances of unexpected violence, which is unfortunate.
While in some cities different standards of behavior are more markedly relegated by geography, Seattle is a touch more enthusiastic in fulfilling the American notion of the melting pot. Here it is possible to walk through the southeast corner of Third and Pine in heels and shopping bags without knocking the balance of worlds out of order. That this doesn't happen a hundred percent of the time is one of the great urban tragedies; though, having said that, just yesterday I watched a collage of dealers and shakers at the aforementioned corner. They parted like the Red Sea for two older European seniors, who passed through none the wiser. That doesn't happen in every city. The connection point for all these worlds is our shared humanity.
To return to our friend, now headed for James Street. Most homeless people in the US are white males between thirty and fifty, with quite a few reaching into their sixties;* aside from his race, this fellow fits the upper end of the bill, with his bald pate and sad eyes, red Adidas sweatpants today, gracing a hollow frame with no context.
What is his story? Who once held this being in her loving mother's arms, and who used to value this man's company, his wit and soul? Did he dream of the great things he could one day accomplish, and still can?
I won't find out tonight, because his toothless gums are vibrating against each other. His is a withdrawal so extreme he cannot speak, and can hardly control his muscles; they spasm quietly as we pass under the orange lights. Before, during and after I greet him, his song is a funereal dirge of helpless groans, a repeating grunt I know from moments of extreme pain. He sits up front, staring nowhere, unresponsive and moaning as I ask after his welfare and mention the weather, filling out the spaces with pleasant noise. I want him to feel welcome.
"Here we are now, looks like Third and James, made it here in one piece,"
"Lemme get close to the curb for ya." Pause. "Did you want this one?"
"Are you gonna be able to stand up okay? Can I help you stand?"
The faintest glimmer of recognition in his eyes, for a fleeting moment- that's him in there, that's you, that's me!
"Lemme help out. Make it a little easier. I'm just gonna reach under your shoulder here, and then we'll stand up together. Sound good?"
I power him up gently. "There you go my friend, there it is...okay. You take care tonight, be careful now. And oh, don't forget your cup of coins there, don't wanna leave that behind."
All the while: "uuuh, uuuuh, uuh," disappearing into the shadowy recesses. Figures meld with each other in the low light.
A dear friend of mine has a six-year old daughter, whom I consider a friend in her own right. One evening we were walking out to her car, and I was carrying little Athena, by now fast asleep. Into her dreaming ears I whispered, "you're one of my good friends, Athena. I love you very much."
Nobody heard me. She definitely didn't. She was shifting in my arms in slumberland, busy making new memories. But there's a part of you that believes in some sort of osmosis, in the magic of things unknown, of stars and souls and moving time. I was yielding to this romantic notion, believing in her sleepy murmur, or the glimmer in the man's eyes. I doubt either of these two understood my words to them in the moment, but that's okay. I say the lines to be myself, and to share, if not the literal meaning, the tone.
Sometimes all that matters is the tone, a distant kindness from far away.
*Source: the 2011 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress (published 2012), the end-all be-all for homeless statistics.
Great to hear your feedback, Mikala! Thank you!
So, so beautiful. Our kindness to others does matter so much, even if it's not perceived or remembered.
Thanks for your kindness and perspective. In the swirl of life on the streets we often don't look closely because we don't want to become involved and think about that harsh reality. You have a very gentle way of turning us back and helping us look at it. I really enjoy your observations of life on and off the bus. Great work.
First of all, it's an honor that you enjoy the blog. Thank you. Secondly, thanks much for this comment! I like to think there's ways we can open up to things and look for the good in people without depressing ourselves. Sometimes the psychological benefit of acknowledgement seems as much appreciated by folks as any of the more literal forms of help.
Hi Nathan, I've been a fan of your site for some time now. I shared this story on LinkedIn - I hope that's okay. You're an amazing person and I'm thankful that you represent Seattle/Metro/Humanity so well. Thank you.
That's absolutely okay- thanks for doing so, and for such kind words! Really glad you like the site.
You really should put these stories into a book. | http://www.nathanvass.com/the-view-from-nathans-bus/thought-i-heard-something |
- Library Cards will be issued to new applicants when they register, there will be no waiting period. However, identification accepted must be a Wisconsin state issued I.D. or Wisconsin state issued driver’s license with current address. If not current address, a piece of mail must be submitted with current address. The envelope must have come through the mail; post marked and is mailed from a utility, bank or is a bill. If the person does not have any mail, a community card will be issued limiting the number of items they can check out to 3 and the card will be mailed to them. If patron just wants to use the computer, a computer pass can be issued as long as patron does not have an account from another library with fines over $5.00.
- Anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by a parent or guardian to obtain a library card. No application cards will be given to children to be filled out at home.
- Children under the age of 7 will not be issued their own library card, but may borrow books using the card of another family member. Library materials cannot be checked out without a valid library card or picture I.D. If a card is lost or misplaced, it must be reported to a Staff person, Patron can continue to look for library card and use a picture I.D. until it is deemed lost and new card issued. There will be a $3.00 charge for the replacement card.
- Library cards are renewed every year. Cards will not be renewed for a patron if they have library materials overdue or owe a fine, until the matter is resolved.
- The loan period for Library materials will be determined by the Librarian, with direction from the Library Staff and will be in accordance with borrowing procedures of OWLSNET.
- Interlibrary loan material is due on the date indicated by the lending library. In special cases, an attempt may be made to extend the loan period.
- Some reference books, automotive books, plat books, yearbooks and local history material are be restricted to in-house use only. Magazines have no check-out restrictions.
- Most library materials, with some exceptions, may be renewed, unless it is high demand or set to Library Use Only. Materials may be renewed by person, telephone or if the patron uses InfoSoup.
- The library limits the number of items to be checked out to 50 maximum. A limit of 10 DVDs, videos and games are included in the 50 that a patron may borrow at the time. The librarian reserves the right to limit the number of items that a person can check out if the library has had difficulty in retrieving overdue or billed items.
- Reserves may be placed on material, either by telephone or in person, and patrons will be notified by mail, email or phone when material is available. There is no charge for reserving library material.
- There will be a fine for any library material which is not returned on due date. The amount of the fine is determined by the Library Board. Patrons are encouraged to sign up for email or text notifications to receive notices of overdue material. The patron will be mailed the second overdue notice, called on first bill and week later a bill will be sent. Bills will be generated by the owning library, not the library that the patron has checked the material out from. If there is no response, and the amount totals more than $50.00, the library will take legal action to recover materials. The Owlsnet Consortium, of which Oconto Falls is a member, has partnered with a collection agency to retrieve material and fines. After 120 days, if the collection agency has not succeeded, a court order will be issued and the patron account turned over to the police. If patron has a history of overdue materials or the need of intervention by collection agency or police to retrieve materials, the Director has the authority to reduce the number of items the person can check out.
- The Library must be compensated for any materials that are damaged so badly as to be judged unsuitable, in the opinion of the Librarian, for the collection. These materials must be paid for at the replacement cost, plus a fee for processing.
- All materials in the library relating to registration and the subsequent circulation of materials are considered to be confidential in nature. A valid court order must be presented to the librarian and/ or board in order to examine any records. This is to prevent an unreasonable invasion of privacy to Library Patrons.
- DVDs will not be checked out to anyone 16 or younger.
- Family Members will be allowed to pick up other family members hold items. Anyone under the age of 16 will be allow to pickup DVDs that are on hold shelf only for other family members. | https://www.ocontofallslibrary.org/circulation-policy.html |
To my friend, Mallam Abba Kyari:
Mallam Abba Kyari, who died on 17th April, 2020, at the age of 67 from complications caused by the Coronavirus, was a true Nigerian patriot. My loyal friend and compatriot for the last 42 years – and latterly my Chief-of-Staff – he never wavered in his commitment to the betterment of every one of us.
He was only in his twenties when we first met. A diligent student, soon after he was blessed with the opportunity to study abroad – first at Warwick and then law at the University of Cambridge.
But there was never any question Abba would bring his first-rate skills and newly acquired world-class knowledge back to Nigeria – which he did – immediately upon graduation. Whilst possessing the sharpest legal and organisational mind, Abba’s true focus was always the development of infrastructure and the assurance of security for the people of this nation he served so faithfully.
For he knew that without both in tandem there can never be the development of the respectful society and vibrant economy that all Nigerian citizens deserve.
In political life, Abba never sought elective office for himself. Rather, he set himself against the view and conduct of two generations of Nigeria’s political establishment – who saw corruption as an entitlement and its practice a byproduct of possessing political office. Becoming my Chief of Staff in 2015, he strove quietly and without any interest in publicity or personal gain to implement my agenda.
There are those who said of him that he must be secretive – because he did not have a high public profile. But Abba was the opposite: he simply had no need, nor did he seek, the cheap gratification of the crowd; for him, there was nothing to be found in popular adulation. He secured instead satisfaction and his reward solely and only from the improvement of the governance of this great country.
Working, without fail, seven days each and every week, he acted forcefully as a crucial gatekeeper to the presidency, ensuring no one – whether minister or governor had access beyond another – and that all those representing and serving our country were treated equally. He made clear in his person and his practice, always, that every Nigerian – regardless of faith, family, fortune or frailty – was heard and treated respectfully and the same.
Mallam Abba Kyari was the very best of us. He was made of the stuff that makes Nigeria great.
Rest In Peace, my dearest friend.
To his loving wife and doting family who survive him, I extend my heartfelt sorrow at your loss. | https://www.mycelebrityandi.com/to-my-friend-president-buhari-pens-emotional-tribute-to-abba-kyari/ |
roughness measurement.
Keywords: Structure Zone Model (SZM); Effective Medium Approximation (EMA); Optical functions; Substrate temperature; Surface roughness
* E-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction
The growth of thin metal films and the relation of their different properties with growth conditions has
deposition rate and other parameters .
The influence of different deposition parameters on the structure of metallic films has been reported by many researchers [2-8].
On the other hand, the influence of substrate temperature, for example, on the optical properties of discontinuous silver and Aluminum and gold thin films has been reported by Ward and Dobierzewska-Mozrzymas et al. [10,11], Maxwell-Garnett was the first to give a model for optical constants of discontinuous thin films , which was based on the dispersion of light from uniformly distributed small spherical particles on the substrate surface. Hunderi suggested a simple theory for the influence of grain boundaries and lattice defects on optical constants of Au, Ag, Na and K thin films.
The other model for obtaining the effective dielectric function of a grain, is the effective medium theory . In this model the film is considered as a two phase arrangement (e.g., as a combination of deposited material and the vacuum or a combination of two materials deposited).
Aspenes , also reported a simple model for determination of optical constants of non-uniform media, which is in fact considered as a mixture of segregated regions of two or more materials, while each of them retain their original dielectric properties. For example, polycrystalline films (e.g., metallic thin films) which are a non-uniform combination of the film material and voids, can be considered. In special cases, one can re-produce both Maxwell-Garent [15,16], and Bruggmann theories. Aspnes gives the following equation for the two phases effective medium
h b
h b b h a
h a a h '
h '
ε ε
ε ε
f 2ε ε
ε ε
f 2ε ε
ε ε
+ − + +
− = +
−
. (1)
In which εa, εb, fa and fb are dielectric constants and volume fractions of the phases a and b, respectively, and is the host dielectric constant. Specifically, if b represents the dilute phase then we should choose
, so: h
ε
a
h ε
ε =
a b
a b b a a
2ε ε
ε ε
f 2ε ε
ε ε
+ − = +
−
. (2)
Equation (2) and the alternative equation with , are the Maxwell Garnett effective medium expressions [15,16].
b
h ε
ε =
In case where fa and fb are com-parable, it may not be clear whether a or b is the host medium. One alternative way is simply to make the self-consistent choice εh =ε, so Equation (1) reduces to
2ε ε
ε ε
f 2ε ε
ε ε
0
b b b a
+ − + +
−
= . (3)
Parmigiani et al. studied optical and electrical properties of thin silver films (50 nm, an optical thickness to support surface plasmons) grown under ion bombardment. They obtained reflectivity curves by attenuated total reflection in the Kretschmann configuration on the base of a glass prism . A comparative study between their optical data and the measured strain, grain size, and lattice parameter suggested that the differences in dielectric function between the bulk metal and the ion-bombarded film arise mainly from the presence of voids and changes in grain size. The fraction of voids was determined from the dielectric function for a homogeneous sample of silver, their measured values of the dielectric function in the bombarded films and the Bruggeman effective-media approximation (EMA).
It is well known that grain size in thin metallic films increases with the substrate temperature [4-6].Hence, the grain boundaries change, due to diffusion processes. Both the mobility and the activation energy for the migration of a grain boundary depend on its crystallography . Accordingly, at any given temperature, boundaries with different crystallography will migrate at different rates, and the lower the temperature the smaller the proportion of mobile boundary types. Grovenor et al. suggest that three regimes of film growth, corresponding to increasing Ts, can be distinguished phenomenologically according to whether (a) one or fewer, (b) two, or (c) all the boundaries of grain are mobile. Therefore it is of interest to find out the relationship between different theories [13,14,21]given for optical parameters and the structural changes described by variation of substrate temperature (Structure Zone Model, SZM) [2-8]. Accordingly, it was decided to investigate the influence of substrate temperature on the optical properties of Cu films.
2. Experimental Details
(planets) were able to move on six arms from the center of the system, providing positions for different angles of incidence, and rotate around cylinder axis and the main (solar) system axis, providing uniform deposition. In this work the rotation facility of the system was not used. Each substrate holder was heated, using a thermal filament wrapped on a cylindrical ceramic with 12 grooves and encapsulated inside a stainless steel cylinder and was mounted on the cylinder axis. This cylinder was closed at one base and on its other base the copper substrate holder was fitted on the cylinder axis. In order to insulate the inner surface of the cylinder, electrically and it’s outer surface thermally, ZrO2 and Al2O3 thick coatings were used, respectively. ZrO2 and Al2O3 were spray coated on the inner and the outer surfaces of the stainless steel cylinder. On each copper disk substrate holder the substrate (a disk of 25mm diameter and 1.0 mm thickness glass cut from microscope slides, or 22 mm × 22 mm × 0.15 mm thick glass cover slips) can be fixed by a stainless steel mask. The substrate temperatures were controlled by progr-ammed thermostats and thermocouples fixed inside a hole on the surface of copper disk substrate holder.
Just before use, all glass substrates were ultrasonically cleaned in heated acetone then ethanol. The surface texture of the substrates was measured by a Talystep or a Talysurf profilometer. The rms substrate roughness Rq for glass was 0.3 nm. The substrate positions were chosen, so that their normal to the direction of incidence of the evaporant beam was at 18º and the distance between the center of the evaporation boat and the center of the substrate holder system was 15.2 cm. In order to provide a point source for geometrical reasons, a plate of Mo with a 6 mm diameter hole in the middle was used as a mask (cap) on top of the evaporation boat. In this way, six films can be produced at 6 different substrate temperatures, under the same evaporation condition, in one evaporation run. The deposition process was repeated several times and reproducibility of the results was confirmed. Film thick-ness was measured using the RBS technique, which also provided us with an estimation of film density. The near normal incidence reflectance spectra are obtained using a double beam spectrophotometer (Carry 500 Scan) in the spectral range of (200-2600 nm) corresponding to the energy range of (0.415-6.15 eV). A fixed wavelength (λ = 589.3 nm) ellipsometer is also used for ellipsometric measurements, as an independent method.
3. Physics of Dielectric Functions
The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index ñ = n + ik of a material are given by the expressions:
(
)
(
)2 iθ
1 e R ik 1 n ik 1 n = − + − − (4)
(
)2 2
1 iε n ik
ε
ε= − = + (5)
2 2
1 n k
ε = − (6)
2nk
ε2 = (7)
where R is the normal incidence reflectance and θ is the phase angle used in expressing the complex reflectivity r in polar form,
( )ω R12
( )ω eiθ( )ω
r = . (8)
The phase angle θ(E0) at energy E0 can be calculated rigorously from the Kramers–Kronig (K-K) integral
dE E E )] E ln[R(E)/R( π E θ(E) 0 2 0 2 0
∫∞ −
= (9)
where E is the photon energy, provided that the reflectance R(E) is known for all energies.
However, since R is not known over the entire energy spectrum, it is necessary to extrapolate R(E) to infinite energies, usually by a power law. One can use an extrapolation which will force the optical or dielectric constants to agree with some independent measurement at a particular energy. For example, ellipsometric measurements on metals will yield , or n, k directly.
1
ε ε2
In order to calculate θ(ω) from Equation (9) the following procedure can be adopted. At very low energies we assume that the reflectance at zero energy approaches unity. At high energies, when the incident photon energy is higher than a certain energy E2 (which is about 30 eV for Cu), the reflectance is determined from free electron asymptotic limit
2 4
2
2)(EE ) E E
R(E
R(E)= − 〉 (10)
substituting Equation (10) in K-K Equation (9), yields
(2n 1
)
hence, if E2 is known, the θ(E) can be calculated. If the film thickness is taken as a known parameter, then for calculation of the real and the imaginary parts of the refractive index of the layer (thin film) (n2, k2), two equations at one frequency are required. By substituting the known values of θ(E) and R(E) in Equation (8) the reflectance index r(E) can also be determined with reference to the reflectance equation for a thin film , as:
(
)
[
(
)
]
(
)
(2
)1231
[
(2 3
)
]2331
(3
)
23 12 3 31 23 12 3 2 31 2 23 12 2 exp 2 exp 2 exp 1 2 exp 2 exp 2 exp iδ r r δ δ i r r iδ r r iδ r r r δ δ i r iδ r r r + + + + + + + + = (12) where r12, r23, r31, t12, t23, and t31 are Fresnel reflectance
and transmitance indices for air-film, film-substrate and substrate-air boundaries, respectively, and
(
)
(2 2
)
2 2 p
12s, 1 n ik
ik n 1 r + + + ±
= m (13a)
(
)
(2 2
)s s 2 2 p
23s, n ik n
n ik n r + + + ±
= m (13b)
1 n 1 n r s s p 31s, + ±
= m (13c)
(2 2 2
2 c n ik
Ed
δ = +
h
)(13d)
3 3
3 c n
Ed
δ
h
= (13e)
where d2 and d3 are the film and the substrate thicknesses, respectively. In the case of normal incidence we have;
2 1
R (E)expcosθ(E)exp−Rel[r(n2(E),k2(E),d2)]=0
(14-a)
2 1
R (E)expsinθ(E)exp−Im[r(n2(E),k2(E),d2)]=0
(14-b) when the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index
are determined, we can calculate the absorption coefficient as;
(E) k c 2E
α(E) 2
h
= (15)
and dielectric function using equations (5)–(7).
In obtaining equations 14(a) and 14(b) from equation
(12) no approximation was applied, this makes the task very complicated even for normal incidence. Most researchers use variety of approximations, which the most popular one is infinite substrate approximation . Application of this approximation causes the omission of the third and the forth terms in both nominator and denominator in equation (12).
As mentioned before when R is not known over the entire energy range, one must extrapolate R(E) to infinite energy. Since our experimental measurements is limited to the energy range (0.4–6.15 eV), we were forced to use some available data on the remaining energy range, namely (6.15–30 eV). Hagemann has reported some data on Cu films produced at room temperature. Hence we normalized our lowest temperature results (Ts = 368 K) to that of Hagemann and applied this procedure to higher temperature films too. In this way we can calculate optical functions of our films by the Kramers-Kronig method.
However, as an independent measurement, the ellipsometric method with fixed (λ = 589.3 nm) wavelength was used, and the results of , , n and k of this method showed very good agreement with those of K-K method at the same wavelength. Therefore, we may expect that the generalization of the results over the whole range of wavelength examined is valid.
1
ε ε2
4. Results
4.1. Ellipsometery
As mentioned above the ellipsometery method was used as an independent check on K-K method. The results of ellipsometery measurements are summarized for Cu/glass films of varying substrate temperatures in Table 1.
Table 1 and Figure 1(a-d) show the variations of n, k, and with substrate temperature for Cu/glass films. It can be seen that by increasing the substrate temperature, k and increase while decreases and ultimately all three parameters reach an asymptotic value (constant value) (at temperatures higher than a certain value (~600 K)). The reason for this type of variation is due to the fact that with increasing the substrate temperature, thermal diffusion process increases. Hence the voids in the microstructure of the growing film decrease, resulting in higher density films, until the film reaches its highest density, and its density no longer increases. In Table 1 the increase in absorption coefficient for Cu films confirms this suggestion. Therefore according to Aspnes’
1
ε ε2
2
ε ε1
Table 1. Optical constants of Cu/glass films produced at different Ts , substrate thickness = 0.16 mm, obtained from ellipsometery method (λ = 589.3 nm) measurements. γ and Δ are the ellipsometric angles, α is the absorption coefficient
α ± 1.05 (μm−1) ε1 ± 0.55
ε2 ± 0.15 n ± 0.01
k ± 0.1 γ ± 3.6 × 10−5
Δ ± 7.6 × 10−2 (rad)
Samples
Zone II d = 260 ± 2.5 nm
23.648 −4.265
2.177 0.513
2.128 4.445
1.147
Ts = 368 ± 5K Ts / Tm = 0.27
24.000 −4.819
2.242 0.498
2.251 4.14
1.124
Ts = 388 ± 5K Ts / Tm = 0.28
25.429 −5.437
2.389 0.501
2.385 4.09
1.11
Ts = 413 ± 5K Ts / Tm = 0.304
26.196 −5.765
2.560 0.521
2.457 4.09
1.11
Ts = 433 ± 5K Ts / Tm = 0.32
27.551 −6.402
2.708 0.524
2.584 4.0
1.1
Ts = 473 ± 5K Ts / Tm = 0.34
29.011 −7.142
2.781 0.511
2.721 3.92
1.076
Ts = 503 ± 5K Ts / Tm = 0.37
Figure 1. The optical functions of Cu/glass films for six different substrate temperatures obtained by ellipsometery. (a) n ; (b) k ; (c) 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
300 400 500 600 700
Ts(K)
n
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
300 400 500 600 700
Ts(K)
k
(a)
(b)
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
300 400 500 600 700
Ts(K)
1
0 1 2 3 4
300 400 500 600 700
Ts(K)
2
(c)
(d)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
E(eV)
R
0 0.5 1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
E(eV)
R
+
=368K
Ts
•
=388K
Ts
×
=413K
Ts
K 433 Ts=
K 473 Ts=
K 503 Ts=
Figure 2. Reflectivity curves of Cu/glass films for six different substrate temperatures. Inset is the Hagemann’s results .
in imaginary part of the dielectric function and a decrease in the real part of the dielectric function.
It can also be seen in Table 1 and Figure 1(a), that by increasing the substrate temperature the real part of refr-active index, n, remains constant for Cu films, reflecting that, n, is independent of the substrate temperature.
4.2. Kramers–Kronig Analysis
Figure 2 shows the reflectance spectra of Cu/glass films of varying substrate temperatures, using the normalization procedure to Hagemann’s results,
results for room temperature films. Our experimental results cover the energy range up to 6.15 eV. It is evident that over the higher energy range the variation of reflectance spectra is not pronounced, therefore the normalization procedure applied here cannot produce, even in the worst case, a significant deviation from the real value, while the independent method of ellipsometery has also proved a good agreement with the K-K results.
Figures 3(a-b)
described in Section 3. The inset shows Hagemann’s
show the spectra for , and for
Cu p
ellipsometery method (EM) the spectra of n for different 1
ε ε2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
E(eV)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
0 5 10 15 20 25
E(eV)
(a)
1
+
=368K
Ts
•
=388K
Ts
×
=413K
Ts K 433 Ts=
K 473 Ts=
K 503 Ts=
Figure 3. The dielectric constants of Cu/glass films for six different substrate 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
E(eV)
(b)
0 2 4 6
0 5 10 15 20 25
E(eV)
ε2
+ =368K
Ts
•
=388K
Ts
× =413K
Ts
K 433
Ts=
K 473
Ts=
K 503
Ts=
temperatures. (a) Real part; (b) Imaginary Part.
ss did not vary with Ts, and agree well with both (EM)
re
5. Discussion;
oximation (EMA)
The fracti the
Bru A)
[1 T
and Aspnes’s effective medium theory. In the same manner as (EM) results, ε2 and k increase with Ts while
1
ε decreases with Ts r Cu/glass, confirming the sults given in Section (4-1).
Effective Medium Appr
fo
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
λ(μm)
f
v
(void fraction)
+
=368K
Ts
•
=388K
Ts
K 473 Ts=
K 503 Ts=
×
=413K
Ts
K 433 Ts=
Figure 4. Void fraction vs. wavelength for different substrate temperatures.
ma rial containing a volume fraction, fte v of voids as:
h h v h
h v h h
2ε
1
ε ε ε
1
ε
ε − − −
) f (1 2ε
1 f 2ε
ε + = + + − + . (16)
In Equation (16) if we take
(εh = ε
)the EMA can be obtained, which treats both void and material phases on equal, self-consistent basis. We have
(
)⎥
⎦ ⎤ ⎡ − ⎤
⎡ −1 ε ε ε
⎢ ⎣ + − = ⎥ ⎦ ⎢
⎣ + h
h v
h h
v 1 2ε f 1 ε 2ε
f . (17)
Using Equation (17) in which ε is the value for bulk me
with six different su
of reference ). However, our results cover a wide
The aim of thi achieve a proper relationship betwee re of thin films as a
tal, the fraction of voids for each film over the whole measured energy range of (0.4 – 6.15 eV) was obtained by least square fit to Equation (17).
The results for Cu/glass films
bstrate temperatures are given in Figure 4. As expected from the Structure Zone Model (SZM) [2,3] predictions, the fraction of voids decreases with increasing substrate temperature, confirming the discussion presented in section 1; as the substrate temperature increases, the grain size and the film density increases, while the void fraction in the film decreases. In Figure 4, it can be seen that for short wavelength region (<1.5 μm) and at lower temperatures (i.e. ≤413K) the density of the films is less than bulk (positive values for fv; fv = 0 is taken as the value for the bulk) and at higher temperatures (≥473K) it is more than bulk material (negative values for fv) as explained by Aspnes , with small variation over the wavelength range examined. It is usually expected that the void fraction fv be independent of wavelength, as can be seen in the limited range of the wavelength (0.4416 –0.6328
μm) in the report of Parmigiani et al. (see Table 2
range of wavelength (0.2–2.6 μm) (Fig. 4) and show some variation (somewhat insignificant in most regions) in different wavelength regions. This phenomenon may be explained in the following way; copper films (250 nm) are not so thick to be considered as films with smooth surfaces. Generally, at this thickness, as our previous works [4-6,25] confirm (see for example, Figure 1 of reference and Figures 2-4 of reference ), the films should contain well separated grains with valleys between them. Hence, in Cu films which are rough, the fv variation should be almost independent of wavelength, as roughness is in such a size that all wavelengths go through similar process on incidence of light on the surface of the film (i.e. they do not see the roughness when the wavelength is larger than the roughness value). However at a particular wavelength (critical value) (0.65–0.85 μm, in Figure 4) which may correspond to the roughness value, the scattering peaks up and the anomalous behavior in void fraction plot appears. In thicker films (~1 μm) we expect that, films be smoother and contain smaller peaks and valleys or holes at the tricorners of the neighboring grains [4-6,25]. Therefore, causing increased scattering at short wavelengths. One may suggest that, this phenomenon can be used as a measuring technique for surface roughness measurement. This, in fact is under further investigations and will be reported in the near future, particularly on Ag/glass films of ~1 μm thickness.
6. Conclusion s work was to n the microstructu
thoroughly by many authors, including Savaloni and coworkers) and the optical properties of thin films. Therefore, Cu was selected for this study. The Kramers Kronig relation was employed for the analysis of the reflection spectra from the films, and very good agreement with ellipsometric measurements as an independent check on the results was obtained. The results for different substrate temperatures showed that the fraction of voids obtained, using EMA method agrees well with the prediction of SZM model; increasing the substrate temperature, increases the grain size through diffusion processes, hence reducing the void fraction in the film structure. An explanation for the different behavior of the void fraction with the wavelength, particularly at a critical wavelength region, based on the roughness of the films of different thicknesses is given. A suggestion is given, to the extent that, this anomalous behavior of void fraction versus wavelength, may be used as a roughness measurement technique for films and surfaces. More experimental work and analysis on this issue, are currently being carried out and will be reported in the near future.
Acknowledgement
This work wa pport of the
University of Teh
rences
1. Macleod H.A. In: T l Filters. Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol (1986).
s carried out with the su ran.
Refe
hin Film Optica
2. Movchan B.A. and Demchishin A.V. Phys. Met. Metall.,
28: 83 (1969).
3. Thornton J.A. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 12: 830 (1975).
4. Savaloni H. and Bagheri Najmi S. Vacuum, 66: 49 (2002).
5. Savaloni H. and Player M.A. Ibid., 46: 167 (1995). 6. Savaloni H., Player M.A., Gu E., and Marr G.V. Ibid., 43:
965 (1992).
7. Grovenor C.R.M., Hentzell H.T.G., and Smith D.A. Acta. Metall., 32: 773 (1984).
8. Messier R. and Yehoda J.E. J. Appl. Phys., 58: 3739 (1985).
9. Ward L. The Optical Constants of Bulk Materials and Films. IOP Publishing Co., UK (1998).
10. Dobierzewska-Mozrzymas E., Peisert J., and Bieganski P. Applied Optics, 27: 181 (1988).
11. Dobierzewska-Mozrzymas E., Peisert J., and Bieganski P. Ibid., 24: 727 (1985).
12. Hunderi O. Phys. Rev., B7: 3419 (1973).
13. Bruggeman D.A.G. Ann. Phys., (Leipzig), 24: 636 (1935). 14. Aspnes D.E. Thin Solid Films, 89: 249 (1982).
15. Maxwell Garnett J.C. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 203: 385 (1904).
16. Maxwell Garnett J. C. Ibid., Ser. A. 205: 237 (1906). 17. Parmigiani F., Key E., Huang T.C. Perrin J., Jurich M.,
and Swalen J.D. Phys. Rev., B23: 879 (1986).
18. Kretschmann E. and Raether H. Z. Naturforsch, 23: 2135 (1968).
19. Gugger H., Jurich M., Swalen J.D., and Sievers A.J. Phys. Rev., B30: 4189 (1984).
20. Haessner F. and Hofmann S. In: Haessner F. (Ed.), Recrystallization of Metallic Materials. p 63. Dr Reider, Stuttgart (1978).
21. Aspnes D.E., Kinsbron E., and Bacon D.D. Phys. Rev.,
B21: 3290 (1980).
22. Palik E.D. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. Courtesy Academic Press Inc (1985).
23. Alperovich L.I. and Pushkarev V.N. Opt. Spectroscopy,
47: 5 (1979).
24. Hagemann H.J., Gudat, and Kunz G. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 65: 742 (1975). | https://1library.net/document/zlro212z-optical-properties-cu-films-function-substrate-temperature.html |
If you're looking for a flavorful and healthy appetizer, try this fire-roasted eggplant dip! Enjoy smoky notes and all the other delicious flavors in this delicacy today.
Spicy, smoky, and full of flavor – this fire-roasted eggplant dip is sure to be a hit at your next dinner gathering. Easy to prepare and nutritious, it’s the perfect appetizer for any occasion. Enjoy the tantalizing aromas and taste of this dish!
Gather the Ingredients
For this fire-roasted eggplant dip, you’ll need the following ingredients:, 1 large eggplant, 1 garlic clove, 2 tablespoons of olive oil, 2 tablespoons of tahini, juice from one lemon, a pinch of smoked paprika or chili powder for a smoky flavor, salt and pepper to taste.
The eggplant should be roasted until it’s soft and slightly charred. For the garlic, you can either grate it or mince it very finely with a knife. Then mix it together with the olive oil and lemon juice in a small bowl. Once everything is combined, fold in the tahini until everything is completely incorporated. If you like, you can add some smoked paprika or chili powder for a smoky flavor. Finish off by seasoning with salt and pepper to taste
Preheat Griddle
Preheat a grill or griddle to medium-high heat. Slice the eggplant in half and brush with olive oil. Place the eggplant onto the griddle, cut side down and cover with a lid for about 15 minutes, until lightly charred and softened. Flip over and cook for an additional five minutes. Remove from heat and let cool before handling further.
When cooled, scoop out the pulp and place into a large bowl. To this, add the tahini, garlic powder, lemon juice, chopped parsley, roasted red peppers, and salt and pepper. As you mix these together with a spoon, gradually add more olive oil until you reach your desired consistency. Serve immediately with an assortment of vegetables or chips and pita bread. Enjoy!
Roast Eggplant on Griddle
Place the eggplant halves cut-side down on the preheated and oiled griddle. Cover with a lid and let cook for about 15 minutes, or until lightly charred and softened. Flip over the eggplant halves and continue cooking for an additional five minutes. Remove from heat once finished cooking and let cool before preparing your dip!
To get that full-bodied and smoky flavor of fire-roasted eggplant, you’ll want to use a griddle or outdoor grill. Simply preheat the griddle and then lightly oil it with some cooking oil—olive is your best bet here. Place your cut-side down eggplant halves on the hot and greased griddle, cover with a lid, and cook until slightly charred and softened. Then flip over the halves for an additional five minutes before removing from heat. Let cool for a few moments before adding all the ingredients for your dip together! This will help ensure that all those amazing roasted flavors are retained in your dip recipe.
Peel and Mash Eggplant Fleshy Part
Once the eggplant has cooled, scoop out the fleshy part into a bowl and discard the skins. Using a fork, mash the eggplant flesh until it becomes a paste-like consistency. If desired, you can slow blend the mixture by pressing it through a fine mesh sieve to remove any chunks. Mix in extra-virgin olive oil, lemon juice, garlic, salt and pepper. Enjoy as is or with pita chips!
Roasting or grilling eggplant brings out its natural sweetness and, combined with spices and lemon juice, creates a spectacular dip for pita chips. Fire roasted eggplants are the best way to access the deep smoky flavor that accents this tasty dish beautifully. Before you begin, set your oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit amd be sure not to overcrowd your baking tray with chopped eggplant to increase the caramelization of the flesh. Roast on each side for 20 minutes or until tender and charred. Once removed from the heat allow your eggplant to cool before peeling away the skin and mashed up its juicy center.
Add Additional Flavorings & Garnishes
To further enhance the flavor of your fire-roasted eggplant dip, try adding a tablespoon of smoked paprika or a teaspoon of cumin to the mixture. You can also consider adding some freshly chopped parsley or scallions for extra crunch and flavor. Once you have served your eggplant dip, garnish it with a garlic clove for extra smokiness. Enjoy!
To make the smoky, creamy fire-roasted eggplant dip, preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a baking sheet with foil and place two eggplants cut lengthwise on it. Roast them for about 25 minutes or until they are charred and tender. Allow the eggplants to cool before adding them to a food processor or blender. Add some garlic paste, olive oil, tahini sauce and some salt & pepper. Blend everything together until smooth and creamy. You can also adjust the seasoning according to your taste. Serve the dip with warm pita bread or crackers. It is also delicious when served chilled over salads or as a sandwich spread. | https://www.reeditionmagazine.com/to-the-minute/taste-the-smokey-flavor-in-this-fire-roasted-eggplant-dip-recipe |
Heat olive oil over medium heat in a pan with a tight lid. Stir in onion and cook until onion is slightly translucent, about 5 to 7 minutes. Add in diced sweet potatoes and stir to coat evenly. Add 1/2 cup of water and cover. Let sweet potatoes steam about 10 to 15 minutes until tender. Remove cover and add cumin, smoked paprika, black beans and corn. Stir together to mix well. Then remove sweet potatoes mixture from heat.
Heat oven to 375°F.
In a 2-quart baking dish (I used a 10”x 7” dish), place a single layer of tortillas on the bottom. Spoon a layer of sweet potatoes, beans, and corn mixture. Cover with a few tablespoons of chimichurri sauce. Sprinkle with cheese mix. Continue to layer tortillas, vegetables, chimichurri, and cheese. Top off the enchilada casserole with a final layer of tortillas, chimichurri and cheese.
Bake 25 to 30 minutes until heated through and cheese is melted and slightly browning.
Remove from oven. Serve immediately with sliced avocado, pickled onions, cilantro, and more chimichurri.
While perusing the internet, I saw a brilliant trick from Cookie and Kate and love the idea of cutting the tortillas to get a good edge on the tortilla layer. If you’re using a different sized baking dish, you may need more or fewer tortillas. It’s also helpful to quarter them to get an even layer. I keep my skins on my sweet potato and dice them small so they cook quickly and match the size of the beans and the corn. This enchilada casserole is also excellent for freezing! Make a double batch in two casserole dishes and freeze up to 1 month. (I used disposable aluminum dishes to bring to friends.)
Omit the cheeses in this recipe. You need no substitute because you won’t miss the flavor! However, if desired, you can use a vegan cheese such as Daiya.
It would be easy to add ground meat to this enchilada casserole. I recommend a half pound, cooked and browned with the sweet potatoes. Ground turkey or chorizo would be an excellent choice. Or serve chicken grilled or fajita style on the side to accommodate different eaters.
I love the tres hermanas style combination of the corn, sweet potatoes, and black beans. However, you can swap pinto beans or regular potatoes if you have those ingredients on hand. In the summertime, bell peppers can be a nice addition in the enchilada casserole.
If you’ve never had pickled onions, they’re my new favorite condiment. I loosely follow this pickled onion recipe from Bon Appetit with one modification. I pour boiling water over the onions (through a strainer) before letting them sit in the vinegar. You can make your own beans on the stovetop or in a slow cooker instead of using canned beans. | https://www.seasonedvegetable.com/wprm_print/recipe/19960 |
Raw green chilies have a very sharp, biting heat, especially when the seeds are left in them. Caramelizing these chilies, either by roasting in a hot oven or frying in oil, really gives them a very different flavor profile. Once the skins are blistered, peel them, cut in half and scrape out the seeds.
You’re now left with just the chili flesh. Roasted chilies prepared this way have an almost sweet spice and can be used wherever you want a mild hit of heat. I always have a container at the ready in my kitchen.
Seed Prep
1 tsp toasted cumin seeds, ground fine
1 tsp toasted coriander seeds, ground fine
2 bay leaves
Whole spices also benefit from a caramelization process. Whole seeds retain much more flavor than do the pre-ground versions, which lose much of their flavor sitting on the shelf at the supermarket. To toast, slowly shake these whole seeds in a dry sauté pan over medium heat until they turn golden brown. You can also place the spices on a sheet pan and toast them in a 350 F oven for about 10 minutes. Once toasted let them cool down a little before grinding in a spice or coffee grinder. You will immediately notice an unbelievable fragrance in your kitchen! Once you do this it will become your go- to secret weapon.
Meat Prep
2 qts. beef or game broth/stock
3-4 tbsp tomato paste
1 cup quality red wine
salt and pepper to taste
optional garnish:
chopped cilantro, sliced scallions, fresh basil, even fresh mint works with this dish
Procedure
Lightly season the diced meat with salt and pepper (or your own favorite dry rub) and dust with the flour. Heat the olive oil in a heavy-gauge sauté pan. Brown the meat in small batches. Once browned, remove to a crock or braising pot. After the meat is browned, deglaze the pan with the red wine. Scrape the bottom of the pan to collect any unburned caramelized meat particles and add to the pot with the meat. To the pot, add the stock, garbanzo beans, tomato paste, toasted spices and bay leaves. Bring this to a slow simmer, removing any scum, fat or oil that forms on top. Continue to braise for about 1 ½ hours uncovered.
Add the bell peppers, onions and green chilies, mix well and continue to cook for another 30 minutes or so or until the meat is fork-tender.
As with any braised dish, it will actually be better the next day. The dish has so many different flavor nuances that resting overnight allows them all to mature together.
The majority of my hunting meals are braised dishes. They offer superior nutrition, great hearty flavor and most importantly, they are easy to reheat back at camp, which keeps me out in the field longer.Have a recipe you’d like to share? Hit us up in the comments below. | https://rmef.org/elk-network/green-chili-spiced-elk-stew/ |
Caramelized Vidalia Onion Mashed Potatoes Recipe
Mashed potatoes are a crowd-pleaser—that's a statement of fact. But if you're looking to change things up, ones stippled with caramelized onion offer a perfect fix. Here, they're made extra creamy with lots of butter, milk, sour cream, and a touch of cream cheese. Mash them by hand if you like to leave a bit of texture (I do); otherwise, briefly whip them with a hand-beater before folding the sweet, slowly caramelized onions into the mix.
Speaking of onions, don't try to rush the caramelization process. I've found it works best to "steam" them, lid-on, at a low temperature for about 20 minutes before adding a touch of sugar. Then, raise the heat and let them brown, adding small amounts of water and stirring so they don't burn. You can also cut some corners and give our 15-minute caramelized onions a shot.
Note: You may prepare the potatoes up to two days in advance. Store them in the refrigerator and microwave them, covered, for about 8 minutes before serving. If they seem a little dry, add additional milk in 1/4 cup increments.
Recipe Facts
Ingredients
- 2 1/2 pounds Yukon gold potatoes, peeled and cut into large, even chunks
- Kosher salt
- 7 tablespoons unsalted butter, divided
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 2 large Vidalia onions, thinly sliced (about 4 cups)
- 1/4 teaspoon sugar
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 1 cup whole milk
- 1/2 cup sour cream
- 4 ounces cream cheese
Directions
-
Cover potatoes with salted water in a large pot. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat. Simmer uncovered until tender, 15 to 20 minutes.
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Meanwhile heat 2 tablespoons butter and olive oil in a large sauté pan over low heat until melted. Add onions, cover, and cook, stirring periodically until soft and translucent, about 15 minutes. Remove cover, add sugar, season with salt and pepper and stir. Raise heat to medium-high and allow to caramelize, stirring often and adding water a tablespoon at a time if onions begin to burn, about 15 minutes longer.
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When potatoes are done cooking, drain in a colander and return to pan. Add remaining 5 tablespoons butter, milk, sour cream and cream cheese. Mash potatoes by hand using a potato masher, leaving some texture. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
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Fold in onions. Taste and adjust seasonings, if needed. Serve immediately, or store in the refrigerator for up to two days and reheat in a covered heavy dish in the oven or on the stovetop over low heat, stirring frequently. | https://www.seriouseats.com/caramelized-onion-vidalia-mashed-potato-recipe |
Delicious skillet zucchini with onions and garlic, an easy recipe for sauteed zucchini in olive oil with raisins and almonds.
What an easy and wonderful sauteed zucchini recipe this is! I was so impressed by it the first time I’ve cooked it, that I couldn’t stop telling about it to just about anyone around me for several days. And I cooked the skillet zucchini 3 times during that same week.
But I have to say, they have both been brave children and ate everything I have cooked with zucchini until, even the curry, but enough is enough… this particular sauteed zucchini they would not touch! It is really not a dish for children, I mean pure veggies with raisins and almonds, I would like to meet the child who would eat that willingly.
But for us, adults, these sauteed zucchini recipe is heaven. So much flavor, aromatic zucchini, sweet raisins and red onions, a slight garlic aroma, lemon and herbs. And then the texture of the dish: zucchini which still have a bite, soft onions and raisins and the crunch given by the roasted almonds. So good!
The list of ingredients might seem long for just a simple sauteed zucchini and onions recipe, but don’t let that put you off from cooking these skillet zucchini.
They are all ingredients you probably have in your cupboard anyway, basic things like garlic, raisins and almonds. I know I did not have to go buy anything special to cook this skillet zucchini.
First of all you will need some zucchini. Smaller, thinner zucchini would be perfect, due to the fact that they are thin, you will be able to cut them into pretty rounds and the dish will look just stunning at the end. If using young zucchini, removing the seeds is definitely not necessary.
But if all you have are larger zucchini from the garden, don’t worry about it, the dish will taste just as amazing.
In this case, halve the zucchini lengthwise, scoop out the seeds with the help of a teaspoon (if necessary, if there are too many of them and too many of them making the middle of the zucchini soft and mealy) and slice the zucchini halves into halve moons.
I used red onions for this dish, they look very pretty again, but regular onions can be used instead.
The raisins are a must if you ask me. I rarely use them in cooking, so I had considered leaving them out at first. But then I used them anyway and I am so glad I did, they definitely belong in this sauteed zucchini recipe.
The original recipe calls for pine nuts. However, pine nuts are an item that I don’t usually have in my pantry. They are rather expensive and have a rather short shelf life, so I prefer to buy them fresh if I ever use them. So, I used almonds instead and didn’t regret it, they were just wonderful.
But if you like, do use pine nuts, I am sure they would be delicious in this sauteed zucchini and onions dish.
The original recipe also calls for mint. I would have had some in the garden, but somehow I just didn’t feel like it, so I used parsley. Do use whatever you like best.
I am obsessed with cookbooks, have I ever told you that? I must have over 300 hundred now… Not counting recipe magazines.
So, the main thing about this recipe is sauteing the zucchini. That is a pretty basic procedure, when wanting to saute zucchini start here and go on with the recipe, either this recipe for sauteed zucchini and onions or any other recipe including sauteed zucchini.
First of all, slice the zucchini. As mentioned above, smaller thinner zucchini are perfect for this recipe. If using those, cut the zucchini into slices, Diane Henry says the zucchini slices should be as thick as a British pound coin. In case you have never had a pound coin in the hand, that would be about 3 mm/0.11 thick. No need to remove the seeds if using young and thin zucchini.
If using garden zucchini, which tend to overgrow you will have to halve the zucchini lengthwise. If they are still too large, you can quarter them as well. Such large zucchini have lots of seeds as well, making their interior rather soft and mealy.
You will definitely not want to have all those seeds into the sauteed zucchini and onions, so do remove the seeds. The easiest way to do that is to take a teaspoon and scrape out the soft part of the zucchini’s insides containing the seeds. Discard those.
After removing the seeds from the thicker zucchini, slice the halves (or quarters) into slices as thick as mentioned above.
To perfectly saute the zucchini, I prefer to do that in a large skillet or large non stick pan and in batches, if necessary, not crowding the pan too much.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in the skillet and give about half of this quantity of zucchini to the skillet. Fry the zucchini until golden on the underside, flip carefully using a spatula and continue frying them until golden on the other side as well. Remove from the skillet or the pan.
Fry the remaining zucchini slices the same way, adding one tablespoon more olive oil oil to the skillet or pan before adding the zucchini.
Give all zucchini slices to a bowl and continue with the recipe.
Actually, before even starting sauteing the zucchini I use the same pan or skillet to roast the almonds. I do that at the very beginning because the almonds need to be roasted in the clean pan without the addition of fat.
So, roughly chop the almonds and roast them in the hot skillet or non stick pan for a few minutes, shaking the pan often in between and making sure that the almonds don’t get burned. This will only take a couple of minutes, stand by and remove the almonds from the pan as soon as they are golden and fragrant. Let cool on a plate while you cook the sauteed zucchini recipe.
If using pine nuts instead of almonds, roast them exactly the same and pay even more attention, they burn even quicker than almonds.
Also, before starting with the zucchini, give the raisins to a small bowl and cover them with boiling water. Let them soak while you do the rest.
Prepare the zucchini as instructed above and saute them in the skillet or non stick pan. Remove and give to a bowl.
Heat another ½ tablespoon olive oil in the same skillet and cook the sliced red onions until very soft. Add the garlic, stir for another minute or two and give the cooked vegetables to the bowl with the zucchini slices.
Toss carefully, add the drained raisins, lemon juice and chopped parsley (or mint). Toss again, adjust the taste with salt, pepper and more lemon juice, if necessary. Add the roasted almonds (or pine nuts) just before serving, so that they will remain crunchy.
You can serve this sauteed zucchini recipe either warm or at room temperature, I have actually had it at room temperature more often than not.
The skillet zucchini make a great side dish for chicken breast, for instance. However, I have had them most of the times on their own with a slice of crusty bread or, my favorite version, with a very large dollop of hummus or fava bean dip. Soooooo goooood!
This recipe for sauteed zucchini and onions serves 4 as a side dish and 2 as a main dish with bread and hummus, for instance. The calories are calculated for 4 servings.
Chop the almonds roughly. Heat a large skillet or non stick pan without adding any fat and roast the almonds until golden and fragrant. Stand by the pan and shake it often to avoid the almonds from burning. Give the almonds to a large plate and leave to cool while you continue with the recipe. Pine nuts can be used instead and roasted in the same way.
Give the raisins to a small bowl and cover with boiling water. Let soak until needed.
If using medium zucchini slice them into rounds about 3 mm/ 0.10 inch thick. If using large zucchini, halve them, remove the seeds with the help of a teaspoon and slice the halves.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in the skillet or non stick pan you used for roasting the almonds. Add about half of the zucchini and fry until golden on the underside. Flip with a spatula and continue frying them until golden on the other side as well.
Give the sauteed zucchini to a serving bowl. Add another tablespoon olive oil to the pan and fry the second batch of zucchini exactly the same way. Give to the bowl as well.
In the meantime, halve the red onion and slice the halves. Slice the garlic cloves as well, but keep the two vegetables separate.
Give another ½ tablespoon olive oil to the pan. Cook the onions until very soft. Add the garlic and continue cooking for another minute or two, stirring, until the garlic is golden and fragrant. Give the onions and garlic to the bowl of zucchini.
Drain the raisins well and add them to the sauteed zucchini. Add the lemon juice and the chopped parsley (or mint). Toss carefully and adjust the taste with salt, pepper and more lemon juice, if necessary.
Sprinkle the almonds on top just before serving. Serve as suggested above.
Note 1: The same amount of pine nuts can be used instead.
Note 2: If using large garden zucchini, you will have to halve them and remove the mealy interior containing the seeds. Do that with the help of a teaspoon, scraping out the soft insides and leaving only the crunchy zucchini flesh. After removing the seeds, slice the halves.
Note 3: You can use a few sprigs of fresh mint instead, if you like it.
You know Adina – your recipe are never boring. A summer squash dish with almonds and raisins? Very creative and one I need to try. We’re growing yellow zucchini which I would think would still work with this dish. Sounds so good! | https://whereismyspoon.co/how-to-saute-zucchini-and-onions-in-olive-oil/ |
1. Preheat your oven to 425°F and grease a 9x13“ casserole dish with 1 tbsp coconut oil, and line a large baking sheet with parchment paper.
2. Cut the bacon into 1” pieces and cook in a large heavy skillet, over med/hi heat, stirring occasionally for even browning, until crisp. Remove with a slotted spoon to drain on paper towels and set aside. Reserve at least 3-4 tbsp of bacon fat to caramelize your onions.
3. Now it's time to roast your sweet potatoes and brussels sprouts. Toss the sweet potato rounds with ghee and salt and arrange, (overlapping since they will shrink after roasting) over the bottom of your casserole dish.
4. Now do the same with your brussels sprouts, this time arranging them on the parchment lined baking sheet in a single layer. Place the casserole dish and baking sheet in your oven to roast. The sweet potatoes will roast for about 30 minutes until soft and the brussels sprouts for about 20.
5. Meanwhile, it's time to caramelize the onions. Heat the pan you cooked your bacon in over low/medium heat and add the onions, tossing with the leftover reserved bacon fat.
6. Add a pinch of salt, and cook, stirring occasionally, adjusting the heat if any onions begin to brown too quickly. Your goal is to cook the onions long and slow (about 25 minutes) to bring out the most flavour! Once they're deeply caramelized and very soft, remove from heat.
7. While the onions cook, whisk together the eggs, coconut milk, nutritional yeast, 1 tsp salt, pepper, and garlic powder.
8. Now it's time to assemble the casserole! Lower your oven heat to 400°F, then layer your roasted brussels sprouts over your sweet potato rounds in the casserole dish. Remove the caramelized onions with a slotted spoon and layer over the brussels sprouts, follow with the cooked bacon. Finally, pour all the whisked egg mixture over the casserole to evenly cover.
9. Bake in the 400°F oven for about 25 minutes until the center is just set and edges begin to turn light brown. Allow to cool for a bit in the baking dish before cutting into pieces and serving warm. Leftovers can be stored, covered, in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.
|Meat||0.4|
|Meat Alternative||0.8|
|Vegetables||1.1|
For a healthier option - consider choosing turkey bacon made without nitrates
Eggs
are a great source of protein and they contain some important B vitamins! | https://www.mealgarden.com/recipe/paleo-breakfast-casserole/ |
Sweet potatoes have gained popularity in recent years and are being used in many different ways, such as sweet potato fries, tatter tots, and hashbrowns. This recipe takes the twice baked classic and gives it the sweet potato twist as well. It goes great with any meal or holiday dish!
Turn your grill to smoke, once the fire pot catches - preheat your grill to 400°F.
Wash sweet potatoes and rub olive oil on the skins. Poke holes in the potatoes with a fork.
Place sweet potatoes on indirect flame/heat and cook for about 50 minutes.
Remove sweet potatoes and let cool.
Reduce the heat to 350°F (for when you put the potatoes back on the grill).
While cooling add the sour cream, cheese, 2 tbsp. of diced chives, and crumbled bacon into a mixing bowl.
Once the potatoes have cooled enough to touch, cut them in half lengthwise.
Scoop out the insides with a spoon and add them to the mixing bowl, leaving enough potato to create a boat-like shell.
Mix the ingredients together, sprinkle with Pit Boss Grill Hickory Smoked Salt, and add them back into the potato skins.
Top with additional shredded cheese or chives if desired.
Place the potatoes on a backing sheet, covered with parchment paper (to help prevent burning).
Bake for 15-20 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and the tops slightly brown.
Remove from the grill and let cool briefly. Top with additional sour cream, some butter, or bacon if desired! Eat up!! | https://www.hearthandhome.com/recipes/hickory_smoked_chive_and_cheese_twice_baked_sweet_potatoes.html |
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Christmas time is one of the best times of the year. It’s a time when family and friends come together to celebrate life, love, and all things good. However, it is also a time when we tend to overindulge in food and drinks, which are often very unhealthy. This article will guide you to some great ideas if you’re looking for easy recipes you can make at home. Here they are:
1. Jollof Frisian
In a large bowl, mix the oil and spices. Add the potatoes to the mixture and toss until they are well coated. Line 2 baking sheets with parchment paper or aluminum foil. Spread out each potato, so they are not touching each other (if you cannot fit all of your potatoes in 1 pan, use another one). Bake for 20-30 minutes at 425 degrees Fahrenheit until golden browned around the edges. Flip over half way through if desired! Remove from the oven and let cool before serving!
These roasted potatoes are perfect for topping a salad or eating alone. They’re also a great addition to any meal! I like serving them with grilled chicken and fresh vegetables for an easy dinner in under 30 minutes.
Serve them and enjoy your christmas party.
2. pepper soup
Pepper soup is a delicious, warming dish perfect for cold winter days and nights.
Here’s how to make it:
- Heat oil in a large saucepan over low heat. Add onion and garlic and cook, often stirring, until softened, about 5 minutes.
- Stir in the peppers and bay leaf, then pour in the water. Bring to a boil, decrease heat to low, and simmer for 15 minutes or until the peppers are very soft. Remove from heat and discard bay leaf.
- Transfer half of the mixture into a blender and puree until smooth (or use an immersion blender). Return pureed mixture to the pot along with tomato paste, sugar, and cayenne pepper, then stir well until combined. Cover the pot with a lid, then simmer on low heat for 10 minutes more or until thickened slightly (if too thick, add some water). Serve hot with crusty bread or crackers on the side if desired
3. Delta 8 gummies
Delta 8 Gummies are an excellent snack for kids, and they can be made with or without molds.
The ingredients in this recipe are corn syrup, sugar, and gelatin. The gelatin forms the gummies when it is melted and poured into molds.
To make Delta 8 gummies :
- Melt 1 cup (250 ml) of water in a pan on medium heat until it boils (you don’t need to add butter or oil).
- Remove from heat, add 4 tsp (20 ml) unflavored Gelatin Powder and stir until dissolved completely. Wait to let it set! Set aside to chill slightly while you prepare the remaining ingredients.
Next, prepare the sugar syrup by combining 1 cup (250 ml) of granulated sugar with 1/2 cup (125 ml) of moisture in a saucepan on medium heat. Stir until it boils, and then let cook for 2 minutes without stirring. After cooking, pour it into a gummy container and let it cool. Your gummies are ready to eat.
4. Christmas cake
You may not be familiar with Christmas cake, but it is a popular dessert in Nigeria. It is made from coconut and condensed milk and decorated with icing and sprinkles. It is a traditional dessert for Christmas, so if you celebrate the holiday with family or friends in Nigeria, they will be expecting to eat some of this sweet treat!
Luckily for anyone who wants to try making this delicious cake at home, it’s pretty easy to make! Here’s how:
– First, you will need to gather all of the ingredients. You will need 1 cup of butter, 2 cups of sugar, 1 cup of condensed milk, and 4 eggs. – Next, you will require to preheat your oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit (180 Celsius). Then grease a 9×5″ loaf pan with butter or margarine and set aside.
– Next, mix the butter and sugar in a big mixing bowl. Add the eggs one at a time until they are all combined. Then add the condensed milk and mix well until it is completely incorporated into your batter. – Once you have mixed all these ingredients, pour them into your greased loaf pan. Bake for about 1 hour.
– Once your cake is baked, let it cool for about 15 minutes before removing it from your loaf pan. Then slice and serve with whipped cream!
This delicious cake is easy to make and will be loved by everyone at your next party!
5. Nigerian Christmas Rice
This dish is a staple on most Nigerians’ tables during the holidays. It’s not only delicious, but it’s also really easy to make at home. There are many versions of this dish, but I like to make mine with jollof rice (a popular West African style of cooking rice in tomato sauce), eggplant (which some people call aubergine), and peppers. To prepare it for your family or friends at Christmas time, all you need is the following:
- 2 onions
- 4 tomatoes
- 3 tbsp palm oil or vegetable oil
- 1 tbsp ginger garlic paste
- 1 tsp ground coriander
- 2 tsp tomato puree
- 1 cup rice Salt to taste
- Optional: 3-4 eggplant (aubergines) sliced into small pieces 3 bell peppers, sliced into strips Peel and cut onions into small pieces.
Chop tomatoes roughly. Heat oil in a frying pan over low heat and fry onions until they turn golden brown. Add the ginger and garlic paste and stir continuously for about a minute or two. And your rice is ready to enjoy.
Conclusion
We hope you enjoyed these recipes and that they inspired you to make delicious food for your family this Christmas. There are so many options out there, so don’t be fearful to experiment with different combinations of flavors or ingredients. You never know what might turn out great! | https://wikiparlemen.com/some-easy-recipes-you-can-make-at-home-for-this-christmas/ |
By ESPN Staff WriterOn the surface, onion cooking may seem like an impossible task.
How can you heat onions without frying them?
How do you get the oil to steam?
But, once you do it, you’ll find that onions cook faster and taste better than ever.
To learn how to cook onions without a fire, we have distilled the secrets of onion cooking down to its most basic parts and put them in a simple recipe to get you started.
The onion cooking processStart with your onion.
The best way to do this is by slicing it in half.
This will help keep the oil from getting too hot and give you the time you need to cook it without a flame.
Then, place a clean knife in the center of the onion, and carefully cut away the center portion of the stem.
Now, put the onion back into the same pan as the rest of the onions and gently heat it until it starts to boil.
Once it reaches the desired temperature, remove it from the heat and let it cool slightly.
This helps the oil in the onion cook even more quickly.
Now, place the onion in a bowl and cover with water.
Place the lid on top of the bowl to prevent steam from escaping.
Once the water has cooled, transfer the onions to a large bowl and add the salt.
This salt acts as a mild seasoning, which is needed to make the onion tender and delicious.
Next, heat up the oil over medium heat and add in the onions.
When the onions are just starting to get tender, remove them from the pan.
Place them on a plate and let them cook for about a minute or two until they are cooked through.
Then remove them and let the onions rest for about 10 minutes.
You want them to be very soft, but not mushy.
Once they have cooled to room temperature, they should be tender.
To cook the onions, simply heat up a large skillet and add a little oil to it, then cook the onion over medium-high heat for about 2 minutes, or until the onions have just begun to turn a golden brown color.
When you flip the onions over, they will still be tender, but they should not be mushy at all.
To flip them again, just add the onions back into a larger skillet and cook until the tops have reached a golden color.
To serve, flip the onion halves over and place on a serving plate.
To remove the onion tops from the skillet, simply pull them from their shells and toss with a little salt.
To cook onions for more than one person, place them in the skillet on a pan that has been preheated to at least 450 degrees Fahrenheit (175 degrees Celsius).
For the easiest way to cook them, set the pan on a grill, set it to medium-low, and cook the whole onions in the same skillet for about 1 minute.
When done, place in the refrigerator until they’re ready to use.
To use the onions in soups, stir in the chopped onion.
For stews, add the chopped onions and garlic, then stir in.
For pasta sauces, add 1/4 cup of chopped onion and 1/2 cup of pasta sauce.
For more complex recipes, combine the onions with the rest and add more pasta sauce or pasta.
The onions will keep in the fridge for up to 4 days.
If you plan to eat the onions more than once, it’s best to refrigerate the onions for 1 week. | https://dautuphattrientantien.com/2021/09/16/how-onion-oil-cooks-the-secret-to-onion-cooking-recipe/ |
The Ultimate Vegan BBQ Sandwich with Caramelized Onions, Pickled Jalapeños, & Crunchy Slaw
Have you experienced the awesomeness of Jackfruit? I used it for the first time last year to make vegan tacos. I was so pleasantly surprised and have been pretty obsessed with it since. Jackfruit is found in the rainforests. It is popular in India, south east Asia, the Philippines, and Brazil. The texture is similar to pulled pork, which is why it’s become so popular in vegan dishes. It takes on flavor really well, too! The taste of raw jackfruit is mild; It reminded me of artichoke heart.
I’ve been really into big, mixed flavors lately. So, when I was thinking of the perfect vegetarian sandwich, I wanted to infuse layered flavor. This is what I came up with and I hope you love it as much as I do!
BBQ Jackfruit Sandwiches with Caramelized Onions, Pickled Jalapeños, & Raw Slaw
Ingredients
1 can of Jackfruit (You can get this at Trader Joes. Rince the brine off)
1 bottle of BBQ sauce
1 large sweet yellow onion
10 jalapeños
1/4 head Red Cabbage
1 medium carrot
1 jicama root
Vegetable broth (optional)
1 clove of garlic
Lemon
Olive Oil
Vinegar
Sugar
Salt
Pepper
Cayenne
How to Prepare the Jackfruit
On medium heat, boil jackfruit in one cup of water or vegetable stock for 20 minutes– allowing it to absorb all liquid and adding more if needed. Jackfruit will be tender and tear easily when cooked. If over cooked, it will become tough.
In the original pot, after it has boiled, shred with a fork and coat with BBQ sauce. Place on cookie sheet and cook in oven on 400 degrees for another 10-15 minutes. Remove from oven and add more BBQ sauce. I like mine really saucy, but you may not. So add your desired amount.
How to Caramelize Onions
Add your sliced onions to a dry pan (or deglaze with EVOO) and sprinkle with salt. With a spatula, stir to make sure onions are coated. The key to caramelizing an onion is doing it slowly. Keep the heat low, stirring every so often so that they don’t burn. (If you stir too often, they won’t brown) Cooking them slowly allows the natural sugars to come out of the onion and give them that deep brown coloring. Caramelization may take up to 30 minutes. If you notice the onions burning, add a little water.
How to Pickle Jalapeños
The picking process is actually quite easy. Combine 3/4 cup water, 2 TBSP sugar, 1 TBSP salt, 1 clove of minced garlic, 1/2 cup white vinegar, and 10 jalapeno rings in a pot. Bring to a boil. Once jalapeños turn bright green, they are done. Let cool for 10 minutes and then transfer jalapeños and the pickling liquid into a mason jar. Store in refrigerator.
Ingredients for Raw Coleslaw
For this slaw I’m using red cabbage, carrots, and jicama. Lightly toss in fresh lemon juice, salt, pepper, and a pinch of cayenne pepper. This adds a great crunch to an overall soft sandwich.
Assembly
Using your favorite type of bread or roll, put two tongs worth of the bbq jackfruit on one half. Top with caramelized onions, pickled jalapeños, and raw slaw. Top with the other half of bread or roll. Don’t want to indulge in carbs? Serve everything over a bed of lettuce for a low-carb lunch or dinner!
It may not seem like a meal prep friendly recipe, but because you can store all of the cooked ingredients separately, you can make sandwiches or salads for the week pretty easily! | http://www.nikkinurtures.com/2018/08/06/bbq-jackfruit-sandwiches/ |
thank you so much fauzia............. you really are a blessing from almighty Allah. MA you have become a household name in many countries. your recipes are life savers. may Allah bless you and your partner for this wonderful job. this is sadakathul jariya.
Chicken Parcels
Crispy, flaky baked chicken parcels with a spicy minced chicken filling. Tasty snack!
For step by step instructions, please click HERE.
First, start by cooking the filling.
Dry in a pan over medium heat the minced meat with all the spices, salt, pepper, garlic, ginger, lemon juice, chili and some of the coriander. Once completely dry pour it all out into a bowl. You will re-use the pan later.
Peel and grate the onions. Using the same pan that you had used to dry the mince, put the spoonful of butter and lower the flame until the butter melts. Pour in the onions and stir fry until they become soft. Add a bit of turmeric powder to color them slightly and powdered black pepper.
Once the onions are nice and soft, pour in the dried mince from before. Stir together and leave on the heat for some time, about 5 mins or so, stirring constantly so the mince doesn't stick. Check for salt/pepper. Switch off the heat once you find the mince dry enough such that it sticks to the bottom of the pan. Squeeze some lemon and sprinkle a bit of garam masala and the chopped coriander.
Let this mixture cool completely.
In the meantime, prepare the dough.
Sift the flour with the baking powder and salt. Add the egg and mix it in, then gradually add the water and knead to form a smooth and soft dough.
Cover the dough and set it aside to rest for about 20 minutes.
Then roll the dough out to form a big square of 14"x14". Apply the 2 tbsp. ghee all over the square. Then lightly dust the rice flour using a sieve to distribute it evenly over the square. If you don't have rice flour, just omit the ingredient. It helps add to the crispiness and to keep the layers separate, but the recipe will still work without it.
Roll the square into a tight swiss roll. Wrap it in foil or cling film and refrigerate it for a minimum of an hour. This helps chill the ghee/butter in the dough.
Once the time is up, remove the roll, remove the wrapping and then divide the roll into 10 equal portions.
Press each portion down to flatten it and roll it out into a circle. Add about 2 tbsp. of filling to the center of each circle, then gather the edges together to close the filling within the circle. Try not to gather too much dough as that will make the parcels have a bulky under-side. You can trim off any excess dough to even it out. Press the parcel down to flatten slightly and place on a greased baking tray.
Repeat with the remaining portions of dough.
I like drizzling 1 egg white beaten with 1 tsp. of water into the mince before putting it into the rolled dough. This helps hold the mincemeat together so that when you eat the parcels later, the mince doesn't crumble and fall apart.
Once all are done, preheat the oven at 180 C. Apply the reserved egg on the parcels, then bake them for about 25-30 minutes or until they are puffy and golden.
Cool them slightly before serving by placing them on rack.
Enjoy! :)
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Comments
for how many mts we shd pre heat the oven
Different temperatures need different amounts of time, normally MOST ovens have some indicator to let you know that it has preheated to the desired temperature. Usually 180 C takes about 15-20 minutes depending on the size of oven being used.
Can the chicken roses be frozen either before baking or after? Will they become hard and tough if frozen then defrosted?
Thanks for ur lovely recipes they r amazing !!!
hi can i use selfrising flour for this recipe??if so will it taste the same???
SR flour will have too much baking powder than what is required for this recipe.
Asak..can you please tell me if the dough can work witbout egg? any other suggestion ?
Asak I tried making da chicken parcels but they didn't turn out so well
The parcels were very rubbery and hard they weren't crispy and soft pliz advice
Where I might jave gone x
W/Salaam, did you make any changes to the dough recipe? And did you knead it well until it was soft?
hi,
Can i use this pastry recipe for mince pie???
Hi, yes you can. It is not the same as puff pastry but it still gives a nice crisp and flaky result.
hi could you use shredded chicken instead of mince?
dont have minced at the moment and i really wanna try this
Asalamualaikam do we have to boil the mince before we put it in the pan to dry it? JazaKillah Khairan for all your cooking ideas. | http://fauziaskitchenfun.com/chicken-parcels |
We are all about the easy around our house. I knew there were going to be a few nights of quick meals so I bought several pizza crusts to have on hand. I can make pizza crusts but they never seem to turn out like the pizzeria type that I want. I have tried everything from corn meal on the bottom to adding various spices. I don’t particularly care for the pre-made grocery store crusts as they tend to be a bit cardboard like but I thought I could make it better by adding lots of our favorite toppings.
Caramelized onions take time to cook. You can cook them quicker but they are not as good. You need at least 20-40 minutes cooking them slowly. They get sweeter and better tasting the longer you can let them sit. So if you have the time, take your time.
Verdict:
This was delicious! We love pizza and barbecue so putting them together is just perfect for us. I used Sweet Baby Ray’s Honey Barbecue Sauce for a bit of sweetness. Use your favorite sauce. I made two pizzas and we had enough for 2 lunch servings the next day.
I served this with a green side salad.
Ingredients:
- 2 12″ pizza crusts, homemade or store-bought
- 1 bottle of barbecue sauce (I used Sweet Baby Ray’s)
- 1 lb. chicken breast, pounded down to 1/2″ thickness
- 2 TBSP powdered garlic
- 2 cups mozzarella Cheese
- 2 cups cheddar Cheese
- 3 Vidalia or other sweet onions, thinly sliced
- 4 TBSP butter
- Parsley as garnish if desired
Directions:
- In a large skillet melt butter over medium-low heat. Once butter is melted add onions and stir until all onions are coated. Lower heat to medium-low and allow onions to cook for 30-40 minutes over low heat. Onions should wilt and become slightly browned on the edges. Stir several times during cooking so that onions do not stick to pan.
- While onions are cooking in a large saucepan add the garlic powder to half a pan of water. Add the chicken breasts and bring to a slow simmer. Simmer for 10-15 minutes until breasts are cooked through. Remove breasts from pan and allow to cool.
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees and move racks to the center of the oven.
- Once chicken has cooled and onions are cooked cut chicken into small cubes.
- Spread barbecue sauce over the center of both pizza crusts, leaving a 1/4″ of crust showing around the edges. You can make the pizza as “saucy” as you like.
- Divide the chicken and onions in half and sprinkle one-half of each over the barbecue sauce.
- Divide the cheese in half and sprinkle one-half of the cheese over each pizza.
- Bake for 10-12 minutes until the bottom of the pizza is golden brown and top is bubbly and turning brown. If you are using a pizza stone it may take longer to cook.
- Remove pizza from oven and garnish with fresh parsley if desired. Allow pizza to cool for 5 minutes before cutting. | https://whatsfordinnermoms.com/2015/08/06/barbecue-chicken-pizza-with-caramelized-onions/ |
Questions tagged [caramelization]
The caramelization tag has no usage guidance.
59 questions
4
votes
2answers
101 views
The role of fat (butter, oil) in caramel-required recipes?
Why in some recipes with using caramel, like, for example, caramelized walnuts or chinese caramelized apples, its required to melt sugar in oil or butter instead of making caramel with water or just ...
2
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1answer
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Method for caramelizing Goat Cheese Balls without Breading?
I was recently at a restaurant where I was served fried balls of goat cheese. They were white, oily, very slightly browned, and appeared to be without any breading. The outside of the balls were sweet....
1
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Black Garlic Maillard vs caramelization
Black Garlic is made by keeping garlic at a high humidity + 140 degree temp for 8+ weeks (generally speaking) Keep it hot and humid for a long time. "Bulbs are kept in a humidity-controlled ...
6
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3answers
220 views
How can I make a large amount of caramelized onions for a french onion soup?
I am looking to make a large amount of French Onion soup (for ~16 servings), and rather than spend hours in front of a skillet (as I would have to do several batches), I am looking for an easier way: ...
4
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1answer
105 views
Can I make caramel sauce with crystalline fructose?
I'd like to make a caramel sauce with crystalline fructose as my mom's diabetic and can't have sugar. I know (in theory) that fructose caramelizes at a lower temp than regular sugar, but I'm not ...
1
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0answers
45 views
Suggestion for re-use of slightly burned caramel sauce / Lokum
I was trying to make some Lokum, a turkish gelly sweet. You put together a sugar sauce and a mix of cornstarch and water to do it. I realized too late that the sugar sauce almost burned, and now the ...
7
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1answer
219 views
What method should be used for caramelizing chopped lime?
I was making this recipe from Andrei Lussman the other day, but I was having some issues with one part of it: Finely chop the remaining half of lime and cook gently in a separate pan to release the ...
1
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1answer
175 views
How to melt sugar evenly?
I tried melting some sugar for a sesame caramel bar, but I could't manage to melt it evenly, and I have no idea why. What I did was: I turned the heat on the hot-plate at 2 (out of 4) and put a ...
2
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1answer
85 views
Can I avoid overcooking my candied lemon decorations?
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3
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2answers
81 views
Two temperatures for making caramel candy
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1
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2answers
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How to keep caramel from hardening prematurely?
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24
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5answers
8k views
How do I safely caramelize honey without fully burning it?
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8
votes
1answer
498 views
creme brulee caramelized sugar disappearing
I've recently made some creme brulee, poured sugar on top of it and used a kitchen blow torch to caramelize it and capitalise on a finished product. After that I put the creme brulee in the fridge ...
4
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3answers
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How to prevent light-colored macarons from browning?
I have a problem with baking yellow macarons, or any light coloured macarons. The yellow (or any light colour) ones always brown, always! I tried lowering the temperature, I bought the best ...
0
votes
1answer
101 views
What level of heat is best when caramelizing?
When you caramelize onions, carrots or mushrooms - what is the best heat level for the fire? Or rather - what should be the temperature of the oil where you can caramelize the food quickly yet not ...
1
vote
1answer
196 views
How can I get sweet potato skin to caramelize without baking?
I love sweet potatoes, and cooking them in the microwave for 8 minutes is much faster than waiting an hour or more for them to bake. But when I microwave them, the skin doesn't caramelize like it does ...
2
votes
1answer
68 views
What to do when one thing on a plate cooks faster than the others?
When I want to get fancy and add fruit juice to a saute pan to braise my meat, the juices from the fruit often caramelize too fast and burn before my meat is ready. What do you in that case? I have ...
3
votes
1answer
316 views
can onions be caramalized completely in the microwave? If so, how?
I've seen that you can precook onions in the microwave, discarding the liquid and then put them into a pan in order to quicken caramelizing process, with a bit of added fat of course to prevent ...
3
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1answer
74 views
Flavored caramelization
When should flavorings to brown sugar-caramel be added: during caramelization of after? I make caramel regularly for inclusion in coffee based drinks. The caramel recipe is simply: brown sugar ...
2
votes
1answer
112 views
How do you accompany other veggies with caramelized onions?
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2
votes
1answer
245 views
Can you caramelize onions without using fat?
Serious Eats: caramelizing onions In this article the writer suggests slightly caramelizing table sugar and after that toss the onions in the caramelized sugar. My question is - wouldn't you need a ...
3
votes
1answer
373 views
Why did my almonds burn instead of caramelizing?
I tried to make caramelized almonds yesterday with the following recipe: heat 300 grams of sugar with 80 grams water. When mixture reaches 125 degrees Celsius, add the almonds. The almonds would ...
4
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2answers
2k views
Converting Pressure Cooker recipes for cookers with lower PSI
Most of the recipes I'm using (mainly Modernist; stocks, caramelized vegetables, confit) suggest cooking at 15psi. My pressure cooker has two settings 12psi and 7psi. I've always had success just ...
4
votes
4answers
6k views
Is butter required to caramelize onions?
Caramelized onions are great but I've only seen them prepared with loads of butter. Can you caramelize onions without butter and still achieve the same effect? Or is butter what creates the ...
0
votes
1answer
65 views
Cooking protein marinated in yogurt
I'm currently on a no-dairy and low sugar diet. I thought to marinate lamb in yogurt, but some of the yogurt got stuck to the lamb afterward and I cooked it anyway. I think the yogurt gave it nice ...
5
votes
2answers
601 views
How can I make caramel that will hold its shape, without using refined sugar?
I am making my own ice cream pops. One flavor I'm developing is Peach Cobbler. I've been trying to include some caramel in the bars, yet I can't seem to make a type caramel using coconut sugar, that ...
3
votes
5answers
187 views
Fast caramelized taste for soup
I want to make soup, a random soup. suppose that I want to to give it a deep taste, like a caramelized onion taste. because I only need the taste, I don't care about texture. can I get the ...
7
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2answers
336 views
How do get the “caramelized juices” from yams
This is hard to ask, but you know how when you bake a yam for long enough it will ooze the caramelized sugars? It's like... it's leaking sap. BUT The most delicious sap ever. So wondering, is there a ...
3
votes
1answer
157 views
Why didn't my apples caramelise?
Today I tried to make a Tarte Tatin, with mixed results. Everything tasted great, expect that my apples didn't really caramelise. Note: This recipe is more like an interpretation of a real Tarte Tatin....
3
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2answers
2k views
Why does my caramel sauce fail?
Every now and then I make caramel sauce for this recipe by caramelizing sugar, but sometimes it either: Hardens Burns Doesn't have that nice caramel colour What are some tips to avoid the above ...
3
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3answers
2k views
How can I make cookies without any sugar?
I'd like to try making some sugar-free cookies, which means no refined or "natural" sugar (honey, came syrup, etc.). I'll be trying to use stevia instead. The obvious problem is that sugar is very ...
3
votes
3answers
20k views
What is the difference between saute and caramelizing toppings?
I'm a huge fan of cooking up grilled onions, peppers, mushrooms, and many other toppings. When I worked at a local sub shop I was always the one volunteering to grill up some onions and saute the ...
4
votes
1answer
760 views
choosing a saucepan material for creams and caramels
I quite enjoy baking and i'm considering moving to making my own creams and caramels (and other sugar based work). Currently I have a bunch of old scratched up teflon pots that probably should be ...
2
votes
3answers
9k views
How to caramelize white sugar without burning it?
Last day I was trying to caramelize sugar to make sugar cage. I start of by adding lots of sugar into small amount of water.After that started heating it. After few minutes it started to bubbling and ...
3
votes
2answers
172 views
Can I “re-caramelize” meat after a failed braising attempt?
I am cooking a meat stew with a delicious, fatty bunch of oxtails. Initially when browning the meat, I didn't get a sufficient amount of caramelized glaze around the oxtails and none of the fat melted ...
9
votes
4answers
21k views
Melting sugar on creme brulee with blow torch
Whenever I try to melt the sugar on top of a creme brulee with my kitchen blow torch, I find that the sugar takes forever to discolour even slightly, let alone melt. Eventually isolated patches of ...
3
votes
6answers
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Why do my onions keep burning?
Twice now, I have burned my onions while heating them in a pan. I was just trying to caramelize them, and they burned every time. They were on medium heat, and I put olive oil at the bottom of the ...
3
votes
1answer
372 views
Does oxidation inhibit caramelization?
Getting ready to make some fried plantains, but I wanted to get a jump on prep before caramelizing in place (approximately 2 hours from prep). If I cut them now, and they oxidize, will this inhibit ...
2
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2answers
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Salad onions — any way to make them sweet but not soft? [duplicate]
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Foods other than onions that can be caramelized for a delicious result [closed]
Is there a way to caramelize foods other than onions and produce similar results?
2
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1answer
5k views
Does caramelizing an onion increase its non-dietary fiber carbohydrates?
I'm on a low-carb diet and would like to know if caramelizing an onion increases its carbohydrate content. I'm primarily interested in "net carbs," so dietary fiber that's converted to sugar would ...
1
vote
1answer
648 views
How can I make coffee syrup with caramel taste?
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2
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1answer
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Can overcooked caramel be harmful?
Ok, here's the situation. I put a pan of water and sugar on a medium high flame and went away. Some time later I found a smoldering black mass overflowing the pan. It took some time to clean up (...
2
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1answer
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How do you control the caramelization of sugar?
How do you control sugar caramelization?
12
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1answer
845 views
How to get “burned” effect on cheesecake?
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Best way to dissolve caramelized sugar
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6
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4answers
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Does Splenda caramelize?
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4
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1answer
354 views
How to brown the sugar for pumpkin flan?
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8
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2answers
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Should my chicken sit in liquid as it roasts, or not?
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11
votes
4answers
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Sautéing vs Frying vs Caramelizing — what's the difference?
What's the difference between sautéing, frying, and caramelizing? When I cook chopped onions in a pan with oil until they are brown and have a slightly sweet taste, which of the above is the correct ... | https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/caramelization?tab=Newest |
Vegan Hush Puppies
Some claim the name "hush puppies" originates from 1800s hunters and fisherman who would make cornmeal cakes, and then toss them to their dogs as a way to "hush the puppies" during a cookout. Others say the tradition was taught to Southerners by French nuns in the 1720s who made handmade patties called croquettes de maise (or corn croquettes). But today, hush puppies seem to accompany any order of fried fish that's served south of the Mason-Dixon line.
However, for vegans, this egg- and milk-laden recipe, in its traditional form, is not an ideal Southern-inspired meal. So grab yourself some fresh sweet corn when it's in season, and work in a few egg and dairy substitutes, for a gourmet hush puppy recipe that even your friends without dietary restrictions will love. Enjoy these fried dough balls (with crispy outsides and soft, fluffy centers) alongside a farmer's market salad or a grilled fish dish during the height of the summer. And opt for a healthier, heart-friendly option by baking them instead.
Ingredients
- Egg replacer (enough to equal 1 egg)
- 2/3 cup unsweetened, unflavored soy milk (or another vegan milk substitute)
- 1 1/4 cup cornmeal
- 1/2 cup flour
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon black pepper
- 3 teaspoons baking powder
- 1 teaspoon sugar
- 1/2 cup sweet corn, or more for a fresher taste
- 4 green onions (diced)
- Optional: 1 jalapeno pepper (de-seeded and diced)
- vegetable oil (for frying)
Steps to Make It
Pan-Fried Hush Puppies
-
In a large bowl, whisk together the egg replacer and soy milk.
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In a small bowl, combine the dry ingredients: cornmeal, flour, salt, black pepper, baking powder, and sugar. Whisk to incorporate.
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Pour the dry ingredients into the wet and mix well.
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Add the corn, green onions, and jalapeno (if using). Mix to combine.
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Heat four inches of oil in a large Dutch over medium-high heat until it reaches 360 F.
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Working in batches, drop a few tablespoon-sized dollops of batter into the oil.
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Cook, turning once or twice, for approximately four to five minutes, or until the hush puppies are golden brown all over.
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Remove the hush puppies from the oil with tongs or a mesh spoon. Place them on a dish covered in paper towels to absorb the oil and to allow the puppies to cool slightly.
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Serve immediately with ketchup or a homemade apricot dipping sauce
Baked Hush Puppies
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Preheat the oven to 425 F.
-
Assemble all the ingredients by following steps one through four above.
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Grease a cookie sheet or use a wax paper or silicone liner.
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Spoon the batter by the tablespoon-full onto the prepared sheet.
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Bake 15 to 20 minutes, until golden brown and until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
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Remove the pan from the oven and remove the hush puppies from the pan. Allow them to cool slightly on a baker's rack or on paper towels.
-
Serve immediately. | https://www.thespruceeats.com/vegan-hush-puppies-recipe-3377857 |
Add lime juice, garlic, 1 handful of cilantro leaves and salt and pepper to taste to the black beans in a dish and stir. Set aside. Scrub sweet potatoes and wrap them in foil, bake them in the oven for approximately 25 min. Once they are fork tender, remove them from the oven and cool. Once cool cut them in half and scoop out the squash from the skins and place into a bowl. Add sour cream and mash sweet potatoes with a fork.
3
Over medium high heat add butter and olive oil to a medium sauté pan until butter is melted. Add onions, salt and pepper and sate for 10 minutes, sauté until onions are limp, reduce heat to low and continue cooking the onions until they break down further and become caramelized, approximately another 10 minutes. Remove onions from heat and onto a plate.
4
5
Over medium high heat, add canola 1 small splash of canola to a large sauté pan and fry two corn tortillas, just so they are soft and not soaking in oil, place them onto a paper towel-lined plate. Repeat until all tortillas are fried. Or, for a healthier alternative, simply microwave the tortillas until soft.
6
To assemble enchiladas, scoop a spoonful of the sweet potato mixture into each tortilla, then add 1 spoonful of black beans and a tablespoon of caramelized onions. Place tortillas into a 13x9 inch pan so they are rolled facing down.
Tools
.
About
Can easily be made vegan by omitting cheese, butter and sour cream
Yield:
8
Added: | https://www.foodista.com/recipe/47SJY4CT/black-bean-caramelized-onion-sweet-potato-enchiladas |
Cool cakes in the tins for a few minutes, before turning them out.
· Scrolls are ready, when golden brown and pastry is cooked through and dry.
· Bake in oven for ~ 20-24 minutes.
· Repeat the filling and baking process until all the squares have been used up.
· Enjoy warm or cold as a snack, or part of a Mezze plate. They also go well with a drink.
· Serve with cream cheese, or yoghurt, or chilli jam, or garlic aioli, or tomato relish.
· Repeat with the rest of the mix, until all is used up.
· Bake in pre heated oven at 190°C for ~20-25 minutes, or until browned and the pastry is cooked through.
· Enjoy with a salad, a sauce of your liking, or as part of a meal.
· Bake in oven for ~ 15 – 25 minutes with top and bottom heat. Ensure the pastry is cooked through!
· Take out – slice – eat – enjoy.
· Serve hot or cold. A spicy sauce or condiment goes really well with this dish.
· Preheat the oven to 180°C. Lightly "spray oil" a mini muffin tin.
· Cut chillies in half and scrape out seeds. Then thinly slice them into half-round slivers.
· In a large bowl, whisk together the cornmeal/polenta, flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt. Stir in the milk, egg, and melted butter.
· Fold in cheese and the chillies, reserving a few slivers of pepper to garnish the tops.
· Divide batter between the muffin tin wells. Top the muffins with the reserved peppers.
· Bake until golden brown, ~12 to 18 minutes. A tester should come out clean from one of the centre muffins.
Note: Best served with a sauce, like minted yoghurt or a salad cream or similar.
· Add diced tomatoes and perhaps a little water. Now season with the spices & add bay leaf, including the sugar.
Ratatouille can also be used as a vegetable base or side for fish, chicken, pork dishes, rissoles, sausages with mash and lots of other applications.
· Enjoy hot or cold with a salad, a roast, drinks, as part of a mesa plate, or similar.
· Enjoy either hot, as a main meal with say a salad, or cold cut into fingers as a snack or starter.
· Sift the flour, bicarb, salt, baking powder and polenta together.
· Whisk the eggs until very light and almost doubled in volume.
· Fold in the flour mixture, buttermilk, cheese and rosemary until just combined.
· Stir in the butter well. Cover the bowl with cling wrap and refrigerate 1 hour or up to 24 hours.
· Grease the madeleine moulds, or small muffin pan.
· Spoon the batter into the moulds, filling to about ¾ full.
· Bake in the centre of the oven until puffed up and the edges have started to brown – about 10 minutes.
· Immediately turn them out onto a cake rack and let cool. Serve on the day they are made.
· Spray oil for "frying"
· Let the pudding rest for a few minutes, before turning it out from the baking dish & cutting it into your preferred portion sizes.
NOTE: INSTEAD OF THE JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES YOU COULD ALSO USE: PUMPKIN, POTATO, KOHLRABI, TARO ROOT, SWEET POTATOES OR SIMILAR FIBROUS VEGETABLES.
FRESH SAGE CAN BE SUBSTITUTED WITH DRIED SAGE.
· Enjoy hot or cold. As is, or with minted joghurt.
· Serve hot or cold with a mayonnaise style dressing/dipping sauce.
· Repeat process until all mixture and/or filo pastry is used.
· Serve with crackers or crusty bread – this is lovely hot or cold.
· Cool slightly before removing the cakes from the mini muffin trays – then enjoy.
· Spread the pesto evenly onto the sheets of pastry including right out to the edges.
· Goes really well served hot with a salad too.
As you can see from the amounts – this is a bulk production, however the recipe can easily be halved, if it seems to massive to you.
I served the eggplant curry in baked wonton skins last night, but puff pastry, short pastry or even filo pastry cases are suitable "containers"
· Gently fry onions & garlic in the oil; when onions have softened add the dry spices and ginger.
· Stir through & when aromatic add tandoori paste. Dissolve paste with a little water, then add eggplant & stir through.
· Top with enough water to ~1/2 cover the vegetable, turn down the heat to simmer & cook until all is softened & liquid has reduced.
· You might have to stir every now and then to prevent the dish from sticking to the bottom of the pan.
· Now season with salt and sugar to taste. Continue to reduce the liquid to just about a paste consistency.
· Cool down to use & keep the curry in the fridge, or ladle into hot sterilised jars to keep it even longer (I refrigerate the jars all the same).
Some of us might be away, but we still stuck to the tradition of the after kayak morning tea, with the customary savoury item from me.
Betka is the river we kayaked on, near Mallacoota and samphire is an indigenous "green", similar in taste to say salty raw beans or asparagus.
This savoury can obviously only ever be tasted when in and around Mallacoota. To whet your appetite and that of the stayed-at-home-kayakers, following is the recipe.
Please add to the recipe collection/page for all to find and access.
· Bake in a pre-heated oven at 190°C for ~12 – 15 minutes.
· Pre-heat the oven to 180°C . Grease or line a 28cm square baking dish.
· Sift together the flour, salt, baking powder and bicarbonate soda. Set aside.
· Combine the crumbled feta, dill, olives, spring onions and chilli flakes. Set aside.
· Whisk together the eggs, milk, yoghurt and oil and take 3 tablespoons of this mixture aside to use later.
· Gently combine all three mixtures, do not over mix.
· Pour the cake mixture into the prepared dish.
· Pour the 3 tablespoons of reserved liquid mixture on top. This will ensure a handsome looking crust. Sprinkle the poppy and sesame seeds on top.
· Bake for 20 minutes at 180°C , then reduce the heat to 165°C and cook until the top is golden.
You might have to adjust the yoghurt and milk amount according to the cheese you decide to use or if you use olives or not. The mixture should not be too liquid or too thick.
Adjust the salt according to the cheese you use.
· Enjoy hot or cold – small or larger size.
· Pop them in and enjoy!
· Water (enough to make a thick batter with the flour, ginger, salt, chilli). I used ~1 cup.
· Spray oil into medium hot fry pan and drop pakora mix (from a fork) into pan. Keep the pakoras flat.
· Fry crispy on both sides and enjoy hot or cold with plain yoghurt with a bit of grated garlic and chopped mint.
· Layer with your chosen toppings; sprinkle with the grated cheese.
· Bake till golden brown and the pastry is cooked.
· Test with toothpick; it should come out dry.
· Enjoy on its own hot or cold OR have it with a salad, a piece of chicken and some dipping sauce.
· 2 Fat-reduced puff pastry sheets (frozen) · 150g "Patak's Eggplant Pickle (medium)" [comes in a jar from your supermarket ASIAN supplies shelf]; it can be chopped or pureed if you don't like the "bits" in it.
· Bake ~12 to 15 minutes, remove, cool, slice, enjoy.
· Delicious hot with a salad, or cold as an appetiser or snack.
Combine all dry ingredients, then add milk, butter and egg and mix to combine. Knead on a floured bench, until smooth and elastic.
Knock down dough and knead for ~ 1 minute, then back into the bowl and under cover for another doubling of the dough.
Knock down dough and roll out into a rectangle to ~1.5 cm thick. Spread with the topping, leaving a 2 cm edge on one side. Roll up.
Bake in a pre-heated oven at 180°C for ~25 – 30 minutes.
Cool on a wire rack, or enjoy hot; cut into finger thick slices.
· Spray pie/bake dish with oil and lay out the pastry sheet(s). Allow a border.
· Cool, cut, consume. ENJOY!
· And there you have it – now enjoy!
· Liquid should have reduced quite markedly – ensure the sauce does not catch on the bottom of your saucepan – stir!
· Slight golden colour is another indicator.
· Enjoy with your favourite sauce, e.g. sweet chilli sauce.
· Drain on kitchen paper and serve either hot or cold with your version of the dipping sauce.
· Once vegetables have roasted and are starting to colour & are soft – remove from oven and spread over the Pastry sheet.
· IT'S NOW READY TO EAT – ENJOY!
I have not included amounts, as this is pretty much an individual thing and if you do not like mushrooms, just leave them out and replace with something else that tickles your fancy.
· Serve with any sauce you like, or a salad & potatoes, or rice noodles and/or any other combination.
· Cool on wire rack to cut into portions, or eat warm.
· Grease a 24cm bake dish & place pastry, blind bake at 180°C for approx 10 minutes.
· Great dish warm with a salad, or let it cool and enjoy as "finger food"
· Spray remaining surface and roll up.
· Golden pastry colour and a firmed up filling means they are ready to take out and EAT.
· Cool on a wire rack, or eat straight away with a salad, or as a snack/finger food, or as a different kind of vegetable side dish.
Then cut and serve with a side salad, or similar.
Enjoy – it's better than a shop bought one!
This recipe can also be used to make an open pie type dish. Use puff pastry or short crust pastry for the base.
Use an ovenproof dish deep enough to take all the filling.
I sprinkle grated cheese over the top and bake about the same time, or until the cheese has coloured golden.
Serve with a mixed salad, or your favourite meat.
This polenta mixture is also suitable to have as a soft side dish, freshly cooked with chicken, fish, veal, braises, stews, steamed vegetables etc.
I would then leave out the eggs though.
· Cool on wire rack, then cut into desired portions.
MERRY CHRISTMAS – make sure you keep some leftovers for this very easy recipe.
· Yummy hot or cold – Enjoy.
· An inserted skewer should come out clean and clear.
· Let the product cool on a wire rack, then cut into desired portions. Yummy hot or cold.
· Fry all diced vegetables in oil until just soft.
· Add olives, spinach, seasoning, turmeric and tomato sauce and combine.
· Take off the heat – the spinach will just soften in the hot mixture – cool.
· Whisk eggs and cheese together – fold cooled vegetable mix under.
· Adjust consistency with bread crumbs (see above).
· Unfold vine leaves, if large cut in half and remove centre rib.
· Fill leaves with 1 to 1 ½ teaspoon amounts of vegetable, fold in edges and roll up.
· Arrange in large fry pan or pot, ½ cover with water and a lid and gently simmer – approximately 5-10 minutes.
· Remove from vessel and cool – but they could easily also be used as a hot starter.
· Arrange on a platter. Sprinkle over the grated parmesan.
Invert and cool on a wire rack, then slice into small potions and enjoy.
½ bake the pastry sheets in a pre-heated oven at 200 C. Approximately 10 minutes. Take out and set aside.
Sweat onions and bacon in a little oil, add garlic and corn. Toss together and heat through. Then add the pasta sauce, seasoning and extra water to thin the sauce somewhat. Cook for a few moments. Sauce and mixture should again have the original bottled sauce consistency.
Take off heat and add ½ the cheese. Mix through.
Once mixture is cooled, mix in the beaten eggs and pour onto the ½ baked pastry. Spread out evenly.
Reduce the oven temperature to 180° C. Return corn and bacon torte to oven, bake for ~ 15 minutes.
Take out and sprinkle the rest of the cheese over, return to oven for a further 6 or so minutes. (Judge by the pastry colour and the set filling centre).
Cool on a wire rack, then cut into your bite size pieces, or serve as a meal with a green salad. | http://www.toukleykayakers.org/scrollrecipe.htm |
Pressure Cooker Boneless Beef Ribs with Carolina Gold Mustard BBQ are a deliciously easy way to enjoy BBQ all year long.
Ingredients
Scale
- 3 lbs boneless beef ribs (sometimes referred to as "Country beef ribs")
- 2 1/4 tsp sea salt
- 1 1/2 cups beef broth
- 1 cup Carolina Gold Mustard BBQ Sauce (plus more to top at the end if you like things saucy)
Instructions
- Atleast one-hour before (ideally the night before) pull out the boneless ribs and salt them liberally on each side.
- If salting more than an hour in advance, I like to wrap the ribs in parchment paper (3-4 per packet), stack them on a plate, and return them to the fridge. Pull the ribs out of the fridge one-hour before you intend to use them. If salting one-hour prior to cooking, leave the meat to rest on the counter at standard room temperature.
- Fit your electric pressure cooker with the rack insert. Add the beef broth to the bottom of the pot then lay the beef ribs on top of the rack, packing them next to each other in one layer, if possible, rather than piling them on top of each other.
- Secure the lid (and valve if your machine doesn't have an auto valve) and set the machine to high pressure for 45 minutes.
- When the pressure cooker has nearly finished it's cooking cycle, preheat your oven by setting it to the broil setting on high.
- When the cooking cycle has finished, quick release the pressure. Transfer the ribs to an oven-safe dish, leaving the broth behind in the pressure cooker.
- Using a basting brush, baste the ribs in BBQ sauce, taking care to coat them evenly.
- Though the meat cooks fully in the pressure cooker, I love to finish this dish with a quick turn under the broiler - OR - on top of the grill to produce just a little bit of the char and caramelization to the outside of the ribs.
- If broiling: Place the ribs in a high-heat oven-safe casserole dish or sheet pan. Broil on high for 4-8 minutes total or until ribs have reached your desired level of char. Broil temperate can vary between ovens, though most range between 500-550 degrees F / 260 – 290 C on high. Therefore, I like to check on them after about 4 minutes to gauge their progress -- and every 2 minutes thereafter until I'm happy with the way they look.
- If grilling: Bring your grill up to high heat (450-500 degrees F / 232-260 degrees C). Grill the ribs on one side for 2-4 minutes (depending on your preferred char level) with the grill lid open, then flip ribs and cook the opposite side for an additional 2-4 minutes.
- Once the ribs have reached your desired level of crisp edges and have been removed from heat, top them with additional bbq sauce, if desired.
Notes
Nutritional information on Whip & Wander is provided as a courtesy and is approximate only. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of the nutritional information given for any recipe on this site. | https://whipandwander.com/pressure-cooker-boneless-beef-ribs/print/5556/ |
Indian roasted cauliflower is one of my favorite dishes to make. Aloo Gobi (translation: Potato Cauliflower) is probably the most popular Indian cauliflower dish that’s on restaurant menus. I do like it in the curry/gravy form, but this dry dish that’s roasted has so much flavor that it’s my go-to cauliflower recipe when I’m cooking Indian food. I came up with the recipe myself because I love roasted vegetables of any kind and of course, I love Indian spices.
So, this is the way I roast most veggies: I place a stone baking dish in the oven and preheat the oven to 425 degrees F. Once the oven has reached its temperature, I remove the baking pan, drizzle with oil and add the vegetables already mixed with spices. Then I bake it until the vegetables are cooked and slightly blackened in spots. There’s something about roasting vegetables that brings out amazing flavors – I think it’s the caramelization, which brings out the sweetness.
If your kids don’t like some vegetables, try serving them roasted – you just might get them to eat it. Even brussels sprouts taste good! If you’ve never tried vegetables this way, what are you waiting for?
Indian Roasted Cauliflower Ingredients
Indian Roasted Cauliflower Stages of Roasting
The garlic is roasted whole, unpeeled. It tastes delicious when you squeeze out the garlic from the skin once it’s cooked. It’s also perfectly fine to have a few charred bits of vegetables, they add to the taste. Keep an eye on the dish, though. Every oven is different, so make sure not to burn it. Oh, and one more secret, I’ll sometimes sprinkle parmesan cheese over the top, right when it comes out of the oven. Not very Indian, but don’t knock it till you try it!
Indian Roasted Cauliflower
Prep
Cook
Total
Yield 6 servings
Indian Roasted Cauliflower takes roasted cauliflower to another level. This easy-to-prepare dish is delicious with its sweet, sour, salty, spicy flavors.
Ingredients
- 1/2 tsp brown sugar
- 1/2 tsp turmeric
- 1/4 tsp cayenne pepper or Indian chili powder
- 1/2 tsp garam masala
- 1 tsp salt
- 2 tsp lemon juice
- 2 Tbsp vegetable oil
- 2 cups 1-inch cubed potatoes
- 2 cups sliced onions
- 1 large head of cauliflower, cut into florets
- 5 garlic cloves
- Vegetable oil for drizzling
- ¼ cup cilantro chopped
Instructions
- Line a large heavy baking sheet or baking dish with aluminum foil.
- Place baking sheet in oven and preheat to 425 degrees F.
- Add cubed potatoes to a saucepan with enough water to cover the potaotes. Stir in 1/4 tsp turmeric and bring to a boil.
- Simmer for 7 minutes or until partially cooked (potatoes should be parboiled: barely tender when pierced with a skewer).
- Drain potatoes and set aside.
- In a small bowl, mix brown sugar, 1/4 tsp turmeric, cayenne, garam masala, salt with lemon juice and oil.
- Place potatoes, onions, cauliflower and garlic into a large bowl, and pour oil mixture over the top and stir to coat.
- Once the oven has reached the desired temperature, remove the baking sheet and drizzle with vegetable oil.
- Transfer contents of bowl to the baking pan.
- Place baking pan on the center rack of the oven.
- Bake for 30 to 40 minutes or until vegetables are cooked through and lightly charred, stirring the cauliflower mixture halfway through.
- Garnish with cilantro.
Notes
I use a stoneware baking sheet to roast the cauliflower. When you transfer the contents of the bowl to the baking sheet, watch out for splatters because the vegetables are wet and the baking sheet is hot, hot, hot. | https://www.paintthekitchenred.com/indian-roasted-cauliflower/ |
A sampling of Spanish delights, pulled from some of Spain's various regions.
Dice all of the vegetables and put them in the mixer/food processor along with oil, water, vinegar, salt, and bread (already soaked in water). How much water you add into the mixer depends on how thick you like your gazpacho. Mix until the vegetables are finely blended. Refrigerate. Serve cold.
Keeping them all separate, dice up more tomatoes, cucumbers, green peppers, onions, bread, and hard boiled egg to be added to the gazpacho afterwards. That way, each person can add what he/she wants! Enjoy!
In a large pot, boil water. Place and quickly remove the octopus so as not to lose the outer later of skin. Now cook for between thirty and forty minutes.
In a pan, heat the oil to desired temperature along with the crushed garlic. Remove the pan from the heat and allow it to cool slightly. Now throw in the paprika and a splash of water. Let the mixture stand.
Without peeling them, wash the potatoes and place them in a pot filled with salted water. Boil them until they are ready but avoid overcooking.
Cut the potatoes and octopus tentacles into thickish slices, and alternate to form a ladder, ending with the finest part of the tentacle. Salt and sprinkle with paprika oil.
In a pan of abundant olive oil, fry the chopped up peppers. When they become slightly browned, add the salt along with the peeled and also chopped up tomatoes. Let the mixture cook and stir it every once in awhile until the olive oil broth dries up.
During the night before you want your delicious fabada asturiana, soak the white beans in water.
The day of, put the chorizos, pancetta, jamón serrano, and any other meat products you decide to use into a shallow pan. Top it with white beans. Now add just enough water to cover the beans and meat. Allow the mixture to come to a boil on medium heat. Now turn down the heat and let the mixture simmer for an hour, making sure the water level continues to cover the beans (add more water if necessary).
In a separate pan, fry up the onion, garlic, paprika, and saffron for just a few minutes. Add this to the beans, also throwing in parsley and salt. Mix it up carefully. Now let the entire mixture cook for another hour.
In a wide and shallow sauté pan, warm the olive oil and butter on high eat. Now add the shrimp and the garlic and sauté them for just 2-3 minutes. The next step is to add the lemon juice, paprika, pepper flakes, and desired amounts of salt and pepper.
To serve, transfer the pan's contents to a serving dish, sprinkle with parsely, and serve immediately.
Plan this meal ahead of time. Let the cod soak in water (change the water 3-4 times) for 36 hours. On the day of, remove the scales and bones and fully dry the cod with a cloth. Finely slice the garlic and fry it in the olive oil over low heat. When the garlic starts to brown, remove it and gather on one side of the pan. Using the same pan and the same oil, add the cod and cook on over a low flame for about 10 minutes. In another pan, add some of the oil from the cod. When this oil warms, add the slices of cod with its skin facing down. Move the pan from side to side and little by little add the rest of the oil from the first pan. When the cod is fully cooked, garnish with garlic and some sliced chilli pepper. | https://www.enforex.com/culture/authentic-spanish-recipes.html |
Mediterranean Roasted Chickpeas with Sweet Onions
I asked my friends, who do not like beans or cumin, to taste this dish. They loved the flavors. One asked me for the recipe on the spot. When I tell them it's also a longevity dish, they smile. As I returned home that evening my 16 year old daughter announced, "Um dad, sorry, but we kinda ate all the beans." All 3 kids liked it. Even the one that doesn't like beans. That made me smile. I think the honey mellows the spices and the silky sweet caramelized onions contrast well with the bite of the chickpeas.
To make it easy for you, I separated this recipe into 3 steps; 1. Soaking and boiling the beans, 2. Caramelizing the onions, and 3. Assembling the dish. You can skip steps 1 and 2 by using canned beans and sautéing the onions for 10 minutes instead of 30, but you'll sacrifice some flavor. I also made this over 3 days; soaked first night, boiled next morning, and finished dish the following morning. Finally, I'll show you a trick for making your own bean stock to use in place of store bought chicken or vegetable broth.
LONGEVITY
You're probably busy, but I'd like to encourage you to use dried chickpeas and follow the directions on how to prepare them below. It's an extra step, but I believe the enhanced flavor you'll achieve is worth it. Plus, you don't have to worry about toxins from a can or too much sodium. The healthiest, longest lived people around the world boil their own beans.
The chickpeas, cumin, cinnamon, turmeric and olive oil (basically every ingredient) contribute to longevity.
RECIPE
What You'll Need
For Chickpeas
chickpeas*, 1 pound dried (16 ounces)
carrots, 1 chopped into 3 pieces
celery, 1. chopped into 3 pieces
garlic, 3 cloves, whole, peeled
bay leaves, 3 dried
thyme, 1 fresh sprig
For Dish
onion, 1 yellow, sliced and caramelized- see directions below
garlic, 1 clove finely chopped
figs, 5 chopped fine, you can also use apricots
cumin, 1 teaspoon
coriander, 1 teaspoon
turmeric, 1 teaspoon
cinnamon, 1 teaspoon
honey, 2 teaspoons
olive oil, extra virgin, at least 1/4 cup and more for drizzling
bean stock, 1 cup, or more if necessary (you can also use chicken or vegetable broth)
sea salt, about 1 teaspoon or to taste
pepper to taste
To Prepare
To Prepare Dried Beans
- Place beans in large pot and cover with cold water by 2-3 inches, let soak for 8 hours or overnight.
- Drain beans, refill with water at least 2-3 inches above beans. Add carrot, celery, onion, garlic, bay leaves and thyme sprigs. Bring to a boil then reduce to a rolling simmer and place top on the pot. Check the beans after 45 minutes. Continue cooking until they reach the desired doneness.
- Let the beans cool in their water. You can now refrigerate them for up to 4-5 days, or use them immediately.
- Save the bean water to use as a stock. Let cool, drain using a sieve or fine mesh strainer, place in freezer proof containers and freeze for up to 4 months. Defrost and use as you would chicken stock or vegetable broth.
To Caramelize Onions
- Slice onion in half, then into slivers. Gently heat a pan on medium low heat. Add a tablespoon of olive oil and the onions and stir well.
- Stir the onions every few minutes, making sure not to let them brown too fast (you want a little color gradually, and eventually a deep rich brown hue at the end). Turn the heat down if they brown too quickly.
- Cook the onions, stirring every few minutes for at least 30 minutes, but preferably an hour. The longer you cook them, the more water will evaporate and you'll be left with the natural sugars. Let cool and use immediately or refrigerate for up to 4-5 days.
To Assemble Dish
- Preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Heat a sauté pan on medium heat. When hot add a splash of olive oil and the garlic and cook for 2-3 minutes, stirring often to release the garlic's bouquet.
- Add the cumin, coriander, turmeric, and cinnamon. Cook, for 2 minutes, stirring often.
- Add the beans, figs, honey, and vegetable stock and bring to a boil by increasing the heat. Add the caramelized onions, stir well, and put into the oven, uncovered for 1 hour. Check after 30 minutes and add more broth if needed. Finish cooking. Serve with a fresh drizzle of olive oil.
Makrozoía
(long life)
COOK'S TIPS
- I use spring water to soak and cook my beans. My municipal water has a high mineral content and the beans do not cook up soft and creamy, no matter how long I boil them. I am also concerned about the quality of the water with regards to lead and other contaminants.
- Cook the beans until they reach your desired doneness. Some recipes say boil for 45 min to an hour, but I have cooked beans for as long as 3 hours and longer.
- *I prepare at least 2 pounds of dried beans at a time, then make several meals out of them. | https://www.greekislandkitchen.com/blog/2017/3/6/mediterranean-roasted-chickpeas-with-sweet-onions |
– that’s right no peanuts!!!!
don't like too much heat!!
Combine the lime zest and juice, coconut oil, tamari, fish sauce, garlic, ginger, ground spices and in a large bowl and mix well. Add the chicken and toss until thoroughly coated in the marinade. Re-frigerate for at least 2 hours or overnight if you have time.
Add 2 Tabs of coconut oil to a good non stick pan and add chicken pieces – I find probably 3 mins on each side, don’t push them about, let them sit and make a good seal and cook until really brown on one side before turning – approx 3 mins each side. Sometimes leaving them that little bit longer gives them a good caramelization and a great taste!
Combine the cashews and almond butter in the bowl of a food processor and pulse until the nuts are well ground. Add the ginger and chilli and process until well blended. Add the tamari, sesame oil and maple syrup and blend well.
Gradually pour in 4 tablespoons of water and pulse until the sauce becomes smooth.
If the sauce is a little too thick, add more water until you reach a consistency you like.
I like to use a nice platter, pop your bowl of sauce in the centre, then lay out a good layer of salad or blanched greens and put your chicken on top of the salad and sprinkle with chopped coriander and lime quarters.
You could serve with chicken on a plate with the sauce on the side, its totally up to you.
a small frying pan and a quiche dish/pan. Even a frying pan that can go into the oven would work.
In a large mixing bowl break your eggs and beat a little with a fork.
Add the cheese, milk, flour, salt, pepper and mix well.
In a frying pan add a little butter and a drizzle of olive oil and add your chopped onion and cook until soft and starting to colour. When done, add onions to your quiche mixture.
If using spinach, chop the spinach and add to the frypan to cook a little – just to wilt and remove the moisture.
If using bacon I would chop and cook a little in the frypan as it makes the bacon tastier.
Serve with salad or just eat it whenever!
Place a knob of butter and a small glug of oil into your pan, heat it up then add the veal parcels and brown on all sides. This may be a little difficult because of the toothpicks, just do what you can. Don’t overcook, its veal, and it will get a little more cooking later. When browned remove from the pan and set aside. Add a knob of butter to your pan and throw in the brussel sprouts, let them brown and start to caramelize for a few minutes then add the stock and put the lid on so they steam and cook through.
Add a touch of oil to the pan and add the garlic, cook for about 30 seconds, quickly add the chopped prosciutto and the tinned tomatoes, shake about then add the veal rolls into the pan, then throw in the brussel sprouts, salt and pepper to taste.
Finally sprinkle the parmesan cheese on top, shake it about and remove to your serving dish!
I usually serve with a nice green salad and some roasted carrots or sweet potato.
Waiting patiently for some offcuts!!!!!
These are good to eat now or freeze. Depending on how many you are feeding I eat some and freeze some, as there’s only 2 of us and 37 meatballs each is a lot in one sitting!!!!
I always cook my onions, garlic, carrots and celery before adding them to the mixture, as otherwise they don’t have much of a flavour and they really just sort of boil inside the meatball!
Grab a large mixing bowl and throw in the meat, parsley, basil, almond meal, tapioca flour, salt, pepper, white pepper, chilli flakes and egg.
Finely chop the onion and garlic, by hand or put them in a food processor or whizz and let it do it for you. Heat a teaspoon of oil and add the onion and garlic to cook a little, while this is cooking finely chop your carrot and celery. When the onion has started to brown ever so slightly remove it from the pan and add it to the meat mixture. Now cook your carrot and celery in the pan, if it gets a little too dry add a couple of tabs of water to loosen it up. Makes sure all the water has cooked off before adding it to the meat mixture.
When all the ingredients are in the meat mixture, get your hands involved and mix this really well so that the flour, spices and egg are well mixed in. Roll into meatballs and place on a plate! Always try to keep your balls a similar size, this way they will all cook at the same time. Pop them in the fridge for 1/2 hour or so, to let them settle while you make your sauce.
This makes enough sauce for half the meatballs, if you want it for all the meatballs, just double the ingredients!
Heat 1 teas oil in a smallish pot and add onion and garlic and cook for a 1 or 2 minutes, don’t let them brown. Add all the other ingredients – tinned tomatos, tomato paste, basil, salt, pepper and chilli. Bring to the boil and then quickly turn it down and simmer on a really low heat to cook the flavors through!
While your sauce is cooking, cook your meatballs in a good non-stick pan. Place them in on one side until they are brown, then turn them over so they are brown on the other side, then just shake them around a bit every now and then until they are lightly brown and cooked. When you think they are cooked, take one out, cut it in half and check!
your shanks, so you’re best to just have a play with it.
The shanks could take up to 2 -3 hours of cooking time depending on their size. In a large pot (I use my french pot, le creuset), add some olive oil and heat it up, when hot add the shanks, turn the heat down a little and brown them well. When browned remove shanks from the pot and set aside. To the pot add the onions, leek, garlic, a little more oil and cook them until soft. You may need to turn the heat down a little more if its getting too hot. Add the spices and a little salt, cook for a few minutes until aromatic. Add the shanks back into the pot, add the stock, wine and carrots.
Make sure the shanks are mostly covered by liquid, if not perhaps add a little more stock or water. Bring the pot up to the boil and turn tight down to a simmer and place the lid on. It may take a bit of checking and jiggling to get the heat right, as the pot heats up it may need to be turned down as you don’t want it to boil. Every 10 to 15mins check and turn the shanks over and around so they cook evenly. After about 1 hour add the tin of tomatoes and stir a little.
While the shanks are cooking, preheat the oven to 180 degrees. Cut the cauliflower into large florets, place in a bowl with salt and pepper and some olive oil and toss so the florets get oil and seasoning all over them. Line a baking tray with baking paper and spread the cauliflower out on the tray. Bake until cooked – approx ½ hour, but keep an eye on them. When done, set aside.
When your shanks are cooked and are coming off the bone, remove them from the pot and keep warm. Probably in the oven that you had the cauliflower in.
Your sauce will be a little thin, so we want to reduce it some so it thickens up. Turn the heat up, add 2 T tomato paste, stir and reduce your sauce down a little. When it has reduced enough, add the cauliflower and shanks to the pot and you are done.
Sprinkle over the mint and coriander and serve.
As this is quite a simple dish, you will get the best taste results if your ingredients are all the best and freshest you can find. I like to chop and fix all the ingredients a good half to one hour before you are going to add the pasta. This lets all the favours mix a little.
In a large bowl put together the basil, bocconcini, tomatoes, chilli, then season to taste with salt and pepper and give the whole thing a nice big drizzle of olive oil.
Put a large pot of salted water on, bring it to the boil and add your pasta.
Cook pasta to al dente, drain really well, then through it into the tomato basil mixture and toss really well.
I always give it another good drizzle with olive oil and serve! | http://www.mollyandfrankie.com.au/blog/category/all |
When it comes to SOX, sometimes it is hard to see the forest for the trees. In a control design session related to user access controls, I once heard an auditor recommend excluding senior management access from the review. They felt that it was an unnecessary burden for senior managers to review the appropriateness of system access for their direct reports, and they believed that their access did not require oversight. At the same time, they wanted stricter controls for the lowest levels of access for all other employees. The auditor had entirely missed the point of SOX. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in response to financial reporting misstatement and fraud perpetrated by senior management.
It was clear that the SOX compliance program was not aligned with the original intent of the SOX Act — it had drifted from its main objective and needed recalibration. This article details 10 steps to assess the effectiveness of your SOX program; and also offers 5 steps to get your SOX program back on track.
How Can You Assess the Effectiveness of Your SOX Program?
The assessment of your SOX program can start with one simple question: “Can my SOX team answer: ‘What’s the point of SOX?’” You may be surprised by your team’s answers, which can be a clear sign that it is time to revamp your SOX program. At its core, the SOX Act is a requirement for public companies to maintain internal controls that mitigate risks of material misstatement related to the organization’s financial statements. Senior Management is responsible for monitoring the control environment and producing accurate financial reporting. Of course, there can be many indicators that point to the need for a SOX overhaul such as your program growing in complexity despite minimal changes to the business, increased automation throughout the organization’s processes, and turnover of senior management changing the tone at the top.
Regardless of how long your SOX program has been in place, taking a holistic view of your SOX compliance effort allows your organization to realign with the true purpose of SOX. The checklist below will help guide you through many aspects of what to review during your SOX assessment and covers the ten most common SOX areas that lose focus over time.
10 Step Checklist to Assess Your SOX Program
- Review key documentation for accuracy:
- Organization charts
- Current RCM
- Application inventory and description of the impact on financial reporting
- Current process walkthroughs
- Challenge your SOX risk assessment for accurate financial materiality and other SOX scoping factors.
- Review your SOX scoping risk assessment by business unit to ensure the correct processes are scoped-in for SOX.
- Determine the scope of coordinated testing efforts with other lines of defense.
- Conduct interviews with key personnel (process/control owners) about SOX.
- Conduct a controls rationalization analysis to identify common, missing, and/or redundant controls.
- Look for automation opportunities within the business to also leverage as SOX controls.
- Look for automation opportunities within your SOX testing program, including implementing technology solutions to create an efficient and effective program.
- Identify the strongest controls in each process and challenge the mix of preventative, detective, and automated controls.
- Challenge “Key” control designation to streamline SOX testing.
How Do You Remedy Your SOX Program?
After you have reviewed the ten items listed above, it is time to develop an action plan. Think of this in audit terms: you have identified issues, and you need to address these with remediation plans. We can complete our remediation plan in 5 steps:
- Develop a summary report of observations, recommendations, and remediation plans.
- Rank your observations, recommendations, and remediation plans to identify what needs immediate attention versus items that can wait.
- Create a realistic timeline for implementing corrective actions.
- Share the SOX program review results, action plans, and timeline with control owners and key SOX stakeholders.
- Monitor progress made to address the issues and update action plans accordingly if necessary.
Consider your timing when you go about this exercise. Ideally, the revised SOX program should kick off at the start of a new fiscal year. If you manage hundreds of controls, the review may take several months to complete. If you feel the program needs recalibration, start the review as soon as possible. It will take time to focus the efforts of everyone involved, but the result will be a stronger, leaner, and more effective SOX program. | https://www.auditboard.com/blog/checklist-assess-your-sox-program/ |
Navigating ever-changing oil and gas regulations can be a challenge, but there are things you can do to help your project succeed.
We asked our FERC Program Director Scott Urwick to talk about the FERC process and best practices. Scott has more than 30 years of experience in environmental consulting with a specialized focus on large-scale natural gas projects regulated by FERC. He has experience negotiating the FERC process in unusually short timeframes on natural gas pipeline projects. He also helped develop the first-ever FERC Guidance Manual on Environmental Report Preparation in 1995.
First of all, for those of us who don’t know – what is FERC and why is it important?
Scott: FERC stands for the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and it is an independent government agency, officially organized as part of the Department of Energy. FERC regulates the interstate transmission of natural gas, oil, and electricity, including review and approval of hydroelectric and natural gas projects. For these projects, FERC is responsible for determining the public convenience and necessity, as well as complying with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
What’s the first thing you tell clients who have FERC requirements to meet?
Scott: Address constructability early. It is much better to ensure the project is constructible early in the design and review process, rather than relying on FERC’s post-certificate variance process. And communication is key. Keep your FERC project manager in the loop at every stage, including project issues and proposed solutions.
Can you tell us a bit about the filing process?
Scott: FERC has a traditional filing process, in which an applicant files an application and FERC staff conducts its review, including environmental, prior to making a decision whether to approve the project. FERC also has a pre-filing process, in which FERC can begin to review the project and commence the NEPA review prior to the applicant officially filing its application. This pre-filing process is mandatory for liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects and optional for natural gas pipeline and compression projects. Regardless of which process you use, you want to be sure to address all filing requirements instead of relying solely on FERC’s stated minimum filing requirements. If there are filing requirements that do not apply to your project, provide an explanation in your report. The same thing applies to requirements that have not been addressed; provide a reason and a schedule for addressing and filing information with FERC.
How do you handle potential issues that may arise with a FERC project?
Scott: I use a process: identify, track, assign, resolve. The process is important to ensure that nothing is overlooked. As issues are identified by you or any applicable agencies, add them to a tracking list and assign them to the appropriate project team member for resolution. Tracking will ensure that no issues are forgotten and that all are appropriately addressed in the FERC environmental report. Throughout the process, maintain thorough and accurate documentation, including identified issues and resolutions, agency communications, and communications with other affected stakeholders.
What other advice do you have for developing a FERC environmental report?
Scott: Be accurate and consistent. This applies to project dimensions, construction and operational land requirements, and quantified impacts on environmental resources. Part of your process should include performing checks to ensure that the information among the various resource reports and environmental permit applications is consistent. I also recommend practicing diligence with all permitting requirements and agency clearances. It can help to make checklists of agency permitting requirements to make sure they are addressed, and then include that permitting information in the report as appropriate.
Do you have any advice for dealing with the many agencies involved in a complex FERC-regulated project?
Scott: It may sound simple, but developing and preserving relationships. Your reputation with agencies and other stakeholders is critical. It’s helpful to have an understanding of the various agency requirements going into the project. Additionally, providing complete and accurate responses to data requests – issued by FERC and other permitting agencies – allows the agencies to efficiently proceed with their required environmental reviews.
Any parting words?
Scott: Things are always evolving or changing. When setting out to permit a project, always consult with the agencies for the latest guidance. Your project will benefit from knowing what the agencies are expecting to see.
For more information about our FERC services, CONTACT US. | https://www.swca.com/news/2016/09/market-insight-federal-energy-regulatory-commission-ferc-best-practices |
Program Evaluation and Performance Management
The Matrix team is well-versed in standard assessment methodologies and customizes them to address the needs of our clients. We listen carefully to ensure we understand the situation, conduct research and evidence-based analysis, and assist the client to develop a strategy based on the results. We have strengths in the following areas:
- Financial information systems, processes and decision-making
- Results Based Planning (RBP)
- Alternative Financing and Alternative Service Delivery
- Management of regulatory agencies and administrative tribunals
- Policy approvals and decision-making
- Transfer payment and grant program administration
We understand that assessments, evaluations, and process improvements are never carried out in a vacuum. We work well with multiple stakeholders to achieve support and understanding of the project and the desired outcomes.
Experience and Qualifications:
Some examples of our work in these areas:
Needs Assessment:
At Cancer Care Ontario, we conducted a Needs Assessment regarding cancer care and treatment from the perspective of the highly diverse Aboriginal communities in Ontario. The project team conducted original research using questionnaires and group meetings and analyzed the results using a qualitative data analysis program. The relevant research literature was also surveyed and an annotated bibliography was produced. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data identified gaps in health care services and medical treatment, literature and research and has been used to support policy and program development. The Report has provided a research tool for academic researchers and a resource for the community and has been acknowledged as ground-breaking in North America.
We conducted a comparative review of literature on Alternate Education, Strict Discipline and Safe Schools in Ontario, Canada and internationally to determine the impact of the programs on students in elementary and secondary schools; determine their successes and challenges during implementation and to develop proposals for changes to Ontario's existing program. The project was completed under conditions of strict confidentiality. Research was conducted using a variety of media, including the internet, published documents, meetings and telephone interviews. We delivered a comprehensive information session to the Ministry on the project results.
Implementation/Process Evaluation:
On behalf of one ministry, we conducted a Business Process Review of the Province's major financial and business processes. We mapped out current processes and identified those requiring revision once IFIS was in place; evaluated how well existing processes met government controllership requirements; reviewed the IFIS process and identified gaps between existing processes and the new expectations. Despite the decentralized structure of the client Ministry and the lack of prior documentation, we were able to ensure that all relevant areas were identified and that the staff who knew the processes best were available to participate in the review. We used a facilitation model to bring together the key people to provide input, to ensure accuracy in the business maps and to develop recommendations for process improvement. The results were directly used to make the necessary changes for a smooth transition to IFIS.
Contact Judy Wolfe for more information, or to arrange for a presentation on our services. | http://www.consultingmatrix.com/our_services/program_evaluation_and_performance_management.html |
About RI: Relief International (RI) is a non-profit organization that partners with some of the world’s most vulnerable communities to relieve poverty, ensure well-being and advance dignity. RI programs address four specific areas: Education, Health, Economic Opportunity and WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene). Experts and veteran practitioners guide each of our program teams while local community members guide implementation. RI has been providing life-saving programming to the most vulnerable populations in Jordan since 2004.
Position Summary: The Finance Manager for RI-Jordan will be responsible for leading and implementing all duties related to financial management of RI’s program in Jordan, taking into account specific project needs, donor compliance, sound financial management practices, and the legal framework of the Government of Jordan (GOJ). The position reports directly to the Country Director with a technical reporting line to the Regional Finance Manager. The Finance Manager will coordinate closely in country with the heads of Departments including: Operations, HR and Programs.
AREAS OF ACCOUNTABILITIES
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Financial Reporting, Analysis and Follow-Up
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Preparation of monthly/quarterly RFF requests for projects; Follow up to ensure cash is sent to the country office from Global Support Office (GSO) in accordance to the RFF is required. As Such:
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The Finance Manager must monitor the amount of cash in country and alert Country Director, Regional Finance Manager and GSO in case of foreseen cash shortage that could negatively impact project implementation or country operations.
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Financial review of all procurement documentation and payment requests to ensure compliance with RI policies and procedures and project budgets; this will include signing those procurement documentation within the threshold per the country-level Authorization Matrix
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Review detailed BVAs released from GSO on a monthly basis to check for adjustments that may need to take place, and follow up accordingly with Country Director and Regional Finance Manager as necessary.
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Manage the preparation of all donor reports and review them with the Country Director before submission to the Regional Finance Manager for approval.
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Budgeting
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Develop budget projection/spend-down plan to execute expenses within the budget spending for each project in coordination with the Regional Finance Manager, and shared with the Country Director on a monthly basis and/or more frequently as requested. Maintain field project pipelines, including tracking of accruals, commitments and update field expenditures on the monthly basis. This task will also include maintaining and updating regularly Country Operational Budget.
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The Finance Manager will lead monthly Spend-Down Plan meetings with each Program Manager for each project, and share with the Country Director updated plan for entire Jordan portfolio on a monthly basis. This task will also include:
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Assisting management team, including Country Director, Heads of Program, Operations, and HR in solution-oriented approaches towards meeting program and operational support needs while remaining within budget and donor compliance limitations
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Monitoring expenditures per project and follow up closely to ensure documenting and spending project as per budget
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Working with Program Team and other relevant staff to prepare modifications and realignments of project budgets when necessary
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Lead on budget development for new proposals and concept notes in coordination with the Country Director and relevant proposal development team (Program Team, Regional Program Development Manager, etc).
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Financial documentation, Compliance and Audit
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Ensure that financial transactions are regularly classified, recorded and summarized properly; Ensure accuracy and timeliness of the month-end accounting close process; Make sure that co-finance expense has been identified and booked in appropriate sub- classes in the quick books accounting system. Work out the remaining liability of projects of Co-financing which has not been recovered and proposed the recovery plan for all co-finance projects; Ensure that all financial records and backup documentation have been archived to cloud server electronically on a monthly basis;
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Develop and implement an internal system to check and reinforce accurate documentation within the department;
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In conjunction with the Country Director and supported by the Regional Finance Manager, coordinate and oversee all internal and external audits including ensuring that all financial records and backup documentation are ready and available;
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Ensure compliance with government requirements related to taxes and other financial matters, minimizing risk to RI Country Office for any penalties or non-compliance with the government;
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Ensure compliance with RI Procurement, Field Accounting, Donor and Audit requirements and procedures;
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Alert and advise Country Director on any new or foreseen challenges/issues related to finance and/or compliance, and engage in decision-making process to address challenges/issues; Act as a liaison with program staff to assist in the understanding and compliance of financial policies as applicable;
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SOPs, Processes and Systems
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Work closely with the Country Director and other Program staff to implement, improve and maintain financial management policies, systems, structures, and procedures.
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Develop and update SOPs related to the internal Finance tasks for transparency and clarity; Implement and maintain systems to ensure that cash is controlled and accounted for in an accurate and timely manner in accordance with RI, donor and audit requirements.
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Employees’ Management
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In coordination with HR, the finance manager actively participate in identifying any vacancies and recruiting Finance staff; this includes shortlisting CVs, attending Interviews, providing technical feedback, developing ToRs, orienting new joiners regarding their on-the-job tasks and any other related tasks;
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Manage the staff of the Finance Department (i.e, Finance Officer and Finance Assistant), including but not limited to: employee relations, task delegation, capacity building, teamwork and collaboration, completion of performance evaluations in a timely manner; and leaves’ management. Issues faced in any of the above mentioned tasks should be reported to the HR Manager and all decisions taken should be in alignment with RI’s policies and procedures.
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Proactively identify and act upon deficiencies and areas for improvement in the in-country Finance team, providing training and other capacity-building where necessary to ensure that finance staff capacity is continuously developing.
6. Strategic Management
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Ensure effective resource management and maximize cost effectiveness and value for money throughout the program.
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Participate/ spearhead in-country auditing of program processes that have financial elements to them;
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Lead the annual financial operational planning process in close collaboration with the Country Director and supported by the Regional Finance Manager.
7. Miscellaneous
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Participate and meaningfully contribute to regional and global finance meetings as requested (via skype and in-person).
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Serve as primary focal point with the Bank on transactional matters as necessary.
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Meaningfully participate in internal meetings with RI-Jordan country team, including but not limited to, Interdepartmental and SMT Meetings.
WORK COORDINATION (Direct Reporting, Dotted Line Coordination, and Interdepartmental)
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The Job Holder reports directly to the Country Director with dotted line work relation with the Regional Finance Manager for follow up and technical support;
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Under the supervision of the Country Director, the Job Holder should coordinate closely with internal support departments: Operations, HR, and Programs to ensure accurate spending, compliance, resource allocation, and planning.
DECISION MAKING (Direct Reporting, Dotted Line Coordination, and Interdepartmental)
The Job Holder can take decisions related to the accountabilities outlined above, seeking approval/ coordination from Country Director and Regional Finance Manager as appropriate. Any decision beyond her/his realm or responsibility should be discussed with the Country Director and/or coordinated with the Regional Finance Manager.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
The Job Holder will be working from RI’s main office in Jordan, which is located in Beirut. Occasional travel to field offices, implementation areas, and within the region (ie, for regional meetings and/or trainings) will be required occasionally on an “as-needed” basis.
Qualifications and Requirements:
This position demands a dynamic individual with a demonstrated ability to achieve results in a demanding and fast paced environment.
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Bachelor’s degree in accounting, business management or similar and advanced university degree in Finance, Accounting or CPA required.
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A minimum of 5 years’ experience as finance supervisor / lead position and 3 years with international non–profit agencies. US and EC government funded grants financial and administrative management experience preferred;
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Excellent financial and analytical skills;
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Excellent communication and drafting skills for effective reporting on program financial performance;
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Ability to manage a financial/monitoring team and demonstrate leadership;
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Ability to operate in a cross-cultural environment requiring flexibility;
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Familiarity with the aid system, and understanding of donor and governmental requirements;
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The candidate must be detail-oriented and able to work independently;
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Thorough knowledge of QuickBooks Pro accounting software is required;
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Fluency in English required - ability to communicate in local languages a strong asset.
JOB SPECFICIATIONS
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University degree in Accounting, Finance ,Business Studies, Auditing or related field
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5 years related work experience.
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Experience with budgeting and grants management.
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Solid Knowledge of several donor regulations.
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Strong leadership and management skills
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Team player with strong negotiation/ collaborative communication skills
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Time management and administrative skills to meet deadlines
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Fluency in written and spoken English.
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Strategic thinking
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Excellent attention to details
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Excellent communication, interpersonal, representation and negotiation skills.
RI Values:
We uphold the Humanitarian Principles: humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and operational independence. We affirmatively engage the most vulnerable communities. We value: | https://www.akhtaboot.com/en/jordan/jobs/amman/107671--Finance-Manager-at-Relief-International |
TRUMBULL, Conn., Nov. 25 -- Oxford Health Plans, Inc., (NYSE: OHP - News), a leading regional health plan in the tri-state area, announced today that it has joined with the American Psychiatric Association, the New York State Psychiatric Association and the New York State Society of Clinical Social Work to develop and adopt mutually acceptable standards for office clinical record documentation for behavioral health providers.
In 2002, Oxford Health Plans initiated a review of behavioral health services claims as part of its fiduciary responsibility to members and employer groups to prevent and eliminate fraud. After an audit of behavioral health claims, Oxford discovered that there was more variability in clinical documentation among behavioral health providers than in other clinical specialties. As a result, Oxford identified a small number of behavioral health providers from whom it requested financial recoveries for several issues including note taking.
Although this is potentially a quality issue, Oxford came to recognize that in many cases the variable clinical record documentation among behavioral health providers was not a result of fraud. While professional standards and guidelines state that appropriate documentation is important, the inconsistency of interpretation of these guidelines in day-to-day behavioral health clinical practice have contributed to a disparity in standards of behavioral health documentation.
Rather than continue to pursue repayment of claims, Oxford determined that partnership with major behavioral health organizations to develop and adopt clear, consistent standards for all behavioral health providers -- including psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers -- was in the best interest of the company, its providers and its members.
As a result of this decision, Oxford will terminate current audits of behavioral health providers that are related to documentation. It also will refund any sums received from providers in the few cases where audits were previously settled and will return all copies of patient records. However, the company will continue to pursue those few providers who have engaged in fraudulent billing, unlicensed care or other issues unrelated to documentation.
"Variability of documentation has the potential to impact the quality of patient care," said Alan Muney, M.D., chief medical officer of Oxford Health Plans. "We are pleased to be working collaboratively with the leaders in behavioral health to resolve any disparities regarding what constitutes adequate clinical record documentation."
"We are pleased that Oxford has responded to our concerns regarding documentation audits by taking steps to bring these audits, and the demands for repayment, to an end. We welcome the opportunity to work with Oxford to establish the standards that will ensure acceptance by third-party payors while respecting the sensitive nature of psychiatric treatment," said Seth Stein, executive director of New York State Psychiatric Association.
"Since beginning this audit, we were pleased with Oxford"s sensitivity to patient privacy concerns, as well as the spirit of collaboration as we worked together to address the important issue of documentation," said Hillel Bodek, chairperson of the Committee on Ethics and Professional Standards and incoming president of the New York State Society for Clinical Social Work. "We support Oxford"s initiative to create clear and consistent documentation standards for the behavioral health specialties and appreciate the emphasis on education rather than retroactive penalties."
Founded in 1984, Oxford Health Plans (www.oxfordhealth.com) provides health plans to employers in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, through its direct sales force and through independent insurance agents and brokers. Oxford"s services include traditional health maintenance organizations, point-of-service plans, third-party administration of employer-funded benefit plans and Medicare+Choice plans.
Source: Oxford Health Plans, Inc. | https://www.ecoreporter.de/artikel/26112003-meldung-oxford-health-plans-inc-industry-documentation-standards-26-11-2003/ |
Clinical documentation is at the core of every healthcare encounter. Therefore it should be complete, precise, and reflect the diagnoses as well as the scope of care and services provided. Assuring consistency in provider documentation that is accurate, specific, legible and timely represents a challenge for many organizations.
Providers (doctors, nurse practitioners, therapists and others) are trained in clinical documentation, but often have developed habits or patterns of documenting that present barriers to ideal documentation. Clinical Documentation Improvement Plans (CDIPs) describe a collaborative process among providers (and coders, when applicable) to bridge the gap between the data contained in the medical record and what is necessary for complete and proper coding.
Allocating resources to improve clinical documentation is an investment that can produce strong returns. The quality of the documentation is vital to nearly every aspect of health care, and accurate chart documentation and diagnosis reporting determines reimbursement for the PACE organizations under the Risk Adjustment Program.
CMS conducts medical record reviews to validate and ensure the accuracy and integrity of the risk adjustment data submitted by the Medicare Advantage Organization (MAO) and PACE Organization (PO) for payments. Any MAO organization or PO may be selected for validation. CMS may target, or randomly select, organizations to participate in the medical record review. CMS validation findings in the past indicate that coded conditions are not supported in approximately 30 percent of the records reviewed.
Risk adjustment data validation (RADV) is the process of verifying that diagnosis codes submitted for payment by the MAOs or POs are supported by medical record documentation for an enrollee. Though POs are small and perhaps less likely to have a RADV audit, every PO should assume that sooner or later CMS will audit its medical records.
Capstone has assisted many PACE organizations across the country in implementing policies and practices specifically designed to assure the providers are documenting and coding accurately the diagnosis codes of their members. These practices include ongoing audits and follow-up training for providers on an annual basis. Such policies, audits, and training are essential for all POs to demonstrate to CMS and the OIG there is continuous oversight of their providers’ documentation and coding.
Data validation ensures that both the coding and documentation are appropriate. Upcoding or changing diagnoses to obtain higher reimbursement without supporting source documents is fraudulent. Thoroughly reviewing documentation and coding practices through internal auditing procedures will ensure that data have been reported correctly, and that appropriate reimbursement is received. A joint effort between the PO, their providers, and coding professionals, is vital to achieve complete and accurate documentation and code assignment.
What specific steps can improve documentation and coding performance? Here are four steps to start.
Step one: Educate
Currently, PACE Organizations are granted premiums based on their member health conditions and demographic status. Submitting inaccurate diagnoses that result in an inaccurate HCC category is a compliance risk and could lead to receiving too much or too little revenue.
Explaining the role of clinical documentation and its impact on CMS-HCC to all providers will enable everyone to have a good understanding of the big picture. Important points to make include:
- Well-documented medical records facilitate communication, coordination, and continuity of care, and promote the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment.
- Accurate coding is the key to prompt payment, practice profiling, and supports QI processes. It is important for both financial and compliance reasons.
- Specificity is important for further inquiry into treatment effectiveness for chronic conditions.
- Showing medical necessity justifies the treatment choice
Step Two: Analyze
Develop a compliance plan, and implement prospective and retrospective, internal and external chart reviews, with ongoing monitoring and feedback. Be sure to review the record based on the official coding guidelines.
There may be opportunities to capture more appropriate CMS-HCC codes. Many plans use analytics to detect participants who might have missing diagnosis codes based on the analysis of RAPS or other data. Analytics are a good tool but they are not the only way to address the issue of missing diagnosis codes. Even if the analytics identify the patient is missing a diagnosis, and the medical record indicates the patient has the condition, often the doctor has not documented the condition in the appropriate manner (MEAT, etc.) which, from a coding guideline perspective, means that code cannot be submitted.
Step Three: Target
Identifying problem areas is only part of the battle. Translating this knowledge into improved documentation practices produces the real results.
Providers often are overwhelmed with work already, so whenever possible, provide simple solutions and tools to encourage necessary documentation. For instance, consider templates, when appropriate, that prompt providers to document the status of chronic conditions. A variety of methods to improve documentation may be tried over time, monitoring their effectiveness and value.
Step Four: Feedback
Ongoing record review and provider education reinforces the essential points of good documentation. Remember: The purpose of the review is to validate whether the medical record documentation supports the codes submitted. Timeliness of feedback is essential to facilitate a change in behavior.
Finally, keep up the efforts. Provide ongoing, periodic education, including yearly ICD updates, to be sure that your documentation and coding stay on track.
*The information presented herein is for general informational purposes for clinicians only and is not warranted that the information contained herein is complete, accurate or free from defects. | https://www.capstoneperformancesystems.com/articles/clinical-documentation-improvement-in-pace/ |
On March 15, 2022, the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (“OFCCP”) issued guidance regarding the OFCCP’s expectations for compliance with the regulatory provisions of 41 CFR 60-2.17(b)(3). Regulations require qualified contractors to implement an equal employment opportunity and affirmative action program, which must include an assessment of the existence and location of wage disparities based on gender, race or ethnicity. The directive explained how, during a compliance review, the OFCCP would investigate a contractor’s compliance, including access to internal pay equity audits. The directive drew heavy criticism because it seemed to claim the right to compel contractors to disclose their pay equity analyzes, even when they were potentially protected by solicitor-client or work product secrecy.
In response to criticism, on August 18, 2022, the OFCCP released the revised version Directive 2022-01 Revision 1, Advancing pay equity through compensation analysis. The revised and reissued guidance aims to update and clarify its guidance on how the OFCCP will assess federal contractors’ compliance with compensation analysis obligations, including its authority to access and review documentation required compensation analyses. This revised guidance makes clear that the OFCCP intends to challenge contractors if they rely on privilege objections to refuse to demonstrate compliance, while acknowledging the privilege issues and giving contractors alternatives to demonstrate compliance with regulatory provisions where privilege issues exist. The key points of the revised guidance are summarized below.
The OFCCP will not require contractors to produce pay equity analyzes protected by attorney work product or attorney-client privilege
Federal contractors are required to “retain and make available to the OFCCP documentation of their compliance” with the requirement to conduct compensation analyzes and implement action-oriented programs to resolve any issues identified as a result of this analysis. Compensation analyzes should include an assessment of the contractor’s compensation system to determine if there are any disparities based on gender, race or ethnicity. One of the problems with the original guidance was that it did not recognize that a contractor’s compensation analysis could contain privileged communications between lawyer and client or work product. The revised directive attempts to clarify this issue.
Under the revised guidance, the OFCCP will not require contractors to produce pay equity analyzes and related communications protected by the attorney’s work product-to-client communication privileges. However, “merely claiming privilege” and not providing documentation is not an acceptable form of compliance. Indeed, according to the OFCCP, the documents showing that the contractors have complied with their regulatory obligations are not all privileged in themselves. For example, the underlying facts explaining what a contractor did to comply with 41 CFR 60-2.17(b)(3) are not covered by solicitor-client privilege. However, OFCCP recognizes that a contractor’s full analysis may contain inside information. In such a scenario, the revised directive provides acceptable alternative methods to demonstrate compliance.
Where a Contractor’s Compensation Analysis Contains Preferred Content, Revised Guidance Provides Alternatives for Establishing Compliance
OFCCP compliance discourages an all-or-nothing approach to documentation production. Instead, it provides alternatives for establishing compliance under 41 CFR 60-2.17(b)(3), including:
- produce a redacted version of its compensation analysis;
- conduct a separate analysis during the relevant period of the affirmative action plan that does not involve privilege issues; Where
- Generate a detailed affidavit that sets out required compliance but does not contain privileged material.
The OFCCP also identifies the following “non-inside” information that contractors are always expected to produce, including:
- when the compensation analysis was completed;
- the number of employees included in the compensation analysis and the number and categories of employees excluded from the compensation analysis;
- what forms of compensation were analyzed and, if so, how the different forms of compensation were separated or combined for the analysis;
- that compensation was analyzed by gender, race and ethnicity; and
- the method of analysis used by the contractor.
While this guidance addresses concerns about legal privileges, the OFCCP still has full control over the review process and the determination of what constitutes sufficient compliance. Questions remain as to whether the implementation of this revised guidance will resolve the tension between OFCCP documentation requirements and the assertion of any legal privilege.
OFCCP Further Clarifies Document Required to Demonstrate Good Faith Efforts to Address Issues Identified in Contractor Compensation Analyzes
Compensation analyzes can reveal “problem areas (including pay disparities based on gender, race or ethnicity)” that require the entrepreneur to develop and execute a plan to correct them. To assess the developed program and ensure that good faith efforts are being made to eliminate identified wage disparities, the OFCCP will require documentation of compliance, including:
- the nature and extent of any wage disparity found, including the job categories for which disparities were found, the degree of the disparities and the groups adversely affected;
- whether the entrepreneur has investigated the reasons for the observed pay gaps;
- that the Contractor has instituted programs designed to correct any problems identified;
- the nature and scope of these programs, including the work for which the programs apply and any changes made by the contractor to the remuneration system; and
- how the entrepreneur intends to measure the impact of these programs on the employment opportunities and obstacles identified.
Such documentation may inherently contain inside information. As such, contractors must carefully evaluate and determine an acceptable way to comply with regulations without waiving any lien rights.
Conclusion
The revised OFCCP guidance makes it clear that regulatory compliance cannot be avoided by simply asserting an attorney-client communication or work product privilege and not producing any documents. While acknowledging that federal contractors have the right to protect their privileged information, the OFCCP believes that many documents in a pay equity audit are inherently non-privileged and that it should ultimately determine what is considered as sufficient non-inside information to demonstrate the contractor’s regulatory compliance. | https://smarterdocuments.com/ofccp-revises-guidance-on-federal-contractors-compliance-with-pay-equity-audits-cdf-labor-law-llp/ |
QAPI In Action
Working to improve the quality of care delivery to nursing home residents.
Illustrating QAPI in Action
The scenario below illustrates how a QA committee might develop a plan of correction in response to deficiencies identified during an annual survey. The example shows how facilities often react to regulatory non-compliance with a “band-aid” approach. The activities described are representative of the types of plans of corrections that are often submitted to Survey Agencies and accepted. It addresses the immediate problem, and then takes steps assumed to prevent recurrence of the problem.
SCENARIO 1:
The Issue: The nursing home, (“Nursing Home”) received deficiencies during the annual survey because residents had unexplained weight loss, and weights and food intake were not accurately and consistently documented. What Nursing Home did: The QA Committee developed a Plan of Correction, which contained the following components: Re-weighing all residents, and updating the weight records for the affected residents; in-servicing the Nursing Department on obtaining and documenting weights and intake. They stated they would conduct 3 monthly audits of weight and intake records, with results reported to the QA committee. This plan of correction was accepted by the State Survey Agency.
The next case study shows a facility with effective QAPI systems in place to identify issues proactively, before trends become serious problems. A nursing home chooses a limited number of PIP projects in “high-risk, high volume, problem-prone” areas.
SCENARIO 2:
The Issue: During the monthly QAPI meeting at “Nursing Home“, staff discovered a trend of unexplained weight loss among several residents over the last two months. During the discussion, a representative from dining services noted that there had been an increase in the amount of food left on plates, as well as an increase in the amount of supplements being ordered. Although other issues and opportunities for improvement were identified at the meeting, the QAPI Steering Committee decided to launch a Performance Improvement Project (PIP) on the weight loss trend because unexplained weight loss posed a high-risk problem for residents.
What Nursing Home did: The QAPI Steering Committee chartered a PIP team composed of a CNA, charge nurse, social worker, dietary worker, registered dietitian, and a nurse practitioner. The team studied the issue, and then performed a root cause analysis (RCA) to help direct a plan of action. The RCA revealed several underlying factors, which included:
- No process existed for identifying and addressing risks for weight loss such as dental condition, diagnosis, or use of appetite suppressing medications
- No system existed to ensure resident preferences are honored
- Staff lacked an understanding of how to document food intake percentages
- Residents reported the food was not appetizing
Based on the identified underlying causes, the PIP team recommended the following interventions:
- Development of a protocol for identifying residents at risk for weight loss to be done on admission and with each care plan. This protocol included a review of medications (appetite suppressants), new diagnoses, and resident assessments, including dental issues
- Development of standing orders for residents identified as “at risk” for weight loss. These would include bi-weekly weights, referral to attending physician and dietitian for assessment, and documentation of meal percentages
- Development of a new program for CNAs to be “Food Plan Leads” for at risk residents. The program would include identification of food preferences and accurate documentation of meals – laminated badge cards with pictures of meal percentages were distributed to all CNAs
- Revision of the menu to focus on favorite foods, adding finger foods and increasing choices outside of mealtimes
The interventions were implemented in one area of the building that was home to 25 residents. The PIP team collected data from dietary (food wasted and supplement use), CNAs (observation of resident satisfaction and meal percentages), residents (satisfaction surveys), and weights.
After 3 months, they found that 5 residents gained weight, 15 remained stable, and 5 lost weight, but the weight loss was not unexpected and consistent with their clinical condition. Food costs did not increase and supplement costs decreased by 12%.
“Nursing Home” decided to adopt and expand the changes to other areas of the facility. They received no deficiencies in the areas of nutrition on their annual survey. Using QAPI allowed them to identify and correct developing issues before they escalated to larger problems. | https://atlanticquality.org/initiatives/nursing-home-quality/nursing-home-quality-ny/qiqapi/qapi-in-action/ |
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The purpose of this assignment is to develop an intervention to target a community health need.
There are 17 types of interventions that can be used by public health nurses. To address the health issue or disparity of health identified during your Community Health Needs Assessment Report: The population chosen is the African American adolescents affected by obesity, develop an intervention plan to target that need.
To report your intervention plan, write a 1100 words essay, that addresses the following information:
Description of the population chosen.
Data used in determining health need.
Summary of which interventions are already in place for this community health need.
Detailed description of the intervention targeted to the population.
Rationale for developing this intervention.
Evidence-based resources to support intervention.
Identification of all stakeholders, including the community.
Description of the steps that will be taken to ensure the intervention is culturally sensitive to the community and population.
STRICT:
Include three to five resources in your presentation.
While APA 7TH EDITION, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. | https://www.homewrkprofessors.com/2022/08/06/the-purpose-of-this-assignment-is-to-develop-an-intervention-to-target-a-communi/ |
Our client is a leading supplier of network build and maintenance services to major contractors in the utilities sector in the UK and Ireland. They are now looking for an experienced Telecom Supervisor to join their team and supervise and support the work of technical staff and on-site contractors to ensure the available resources are delivered efficiently.
Responsibilities will involve but are not limited to:
- Regularly monitoring and reporting on the performance of on-site contractors so that issues are identified, and immediate remedial action taken.
- Ensuring that all statutory testing, inspections, and servicing are carried out.
- Monitoring the condition and numbers of consumables/stores- ordering and collecting them as required.
- Monitoring the performance of the work performed by on-site contractors to ensure it meets company standards.
- Keeping accurate, up-to-date records.
- Entering the results of records.
- Maintaining documentation relating to job packs, routine safety checks and planned maintenance.
- Maintaining the daily production targets and updating, as necessary.
- Delivering a consistently high level of customer service.
- Supervising the work of the Technical staff and on-site contractors to ensure the available resources are delivered efficiently.
- Offering advice and support to the technical team.
- Developing and monitoring training requirements and record keeping.
- Assisting with the provision of a healthy and safe site and reporting to SHEQ Manager.
- Working and ensuring that staff and contractors work within the current relevant regulations.
- Monitoring and developing safety systems, risk assessments and permits
- Any other duties as may be reasonably expected of the Operations Manager.
Requirements:
- Supervisory and management experience with relevant training – copy certification will be requested.
- An aptitude to develop management systems to ensure efficient use of available resources
- Experience of working with IT and telecommunications systems with a willingness to develop personal technical skills and knowledge of building services and systems
- Strong communication skills
- An enthusiastic approach to developing and monitoring safety management systems
- The ability to prioritise work, delegate tasks, maintain records and develop systems
- Proven experience of supervising a team of technical staff and an aptitude to motivate others
- The ability to develop, monitor and effectively control a budget
- Able to work unsupervised and as part of a multi-skilled team
- Whilst the role is mainly Mon – Friday, some flexibility will be required as occasional weekend work / overtime may be necessary.
- Working on different sites nationwide, so travel will be involved.
APPLICANTS MUST HAVE FULL WORKING STATUS FOR IRELAND, FLUENT ENGLISH, AND RELEVANT EXPERIENCE. | https://bond-personnel.com/jobs/telecomms-supervisor/ |
Business Continuity and Recovery Testing is critical to ensuring that your plan documentation is functional and accurate.
As part of our responsibilities as Business Continuity professionals, we spend a significant amount of time writing and following up on documentation, not the least of which is writing business continuity, crisis communication, crisis management, and technical recovery plans. Ensuring that the plans are written and up to date is only half the challenge. The other half – the real challenge (and higher priority, in my opinion) – is to ensure that the documentation is functional and accurate. What is the best method to ensure plans are functional? Business Continuity and Recovery Testing.
Testing requires time, equipment, resources, and expertise to run. Organization of these resources and performing an exercise can be difficult. What are the benefits?
For documentation, the benefits are:
- Demonstrating that the documentation is accurate.
- Plan steps are accurate
- Contact lists are accurate
- Assumptions are validated
- Gaps in the plan are identified
- Identifying unknown contingencies.
- A tested plan has a much higher possibility of succeeding during a real event.
Additional test benefits are:
- Verifying resource availability or capability.
- Training team members for their recovery roles.
- Determining the actual length of recovery time and the ability to achieve the desired company RTO.
- Following exercises, those responsible see the need and benefit keep documentation to up to date.
- Assessing the true functional recovery of the areas tested.
One additional comment on testing: In many organizations, the necessary planning for the exercise can distort the actual level of preparedness because often the documentation, technology, resources, and gaps are either updated or remediated during the planning process. This can give a false sense of accomplishment. If there is a rush to update applications, documentation, or other preparations, it should be noted in the test results. An understanding of the amount of work involved in exercise planning and preparation can demonstrate why continuous review and updates are needed related to documentation, strategies, and technical implementation.
Testing is a critical aspect of your BCM program, demonstrating the actual functional capability of your documentation and technical implementation. In future blogs we will discuss how you can perform tests and exercises, and how to maximize the benefits of testing while limiting the impact of those exercises on your operations. | https://www.mha-it.com/2016/09/07/business-continuity-and-recovery-testing/ |
PROFILE: Resourceful, self-starting individual, with an extensive background in the Healthcare Operations, Managed Care, Analytics and HEDIS /QARR in search of a rewarding position with growth potential. Excellent communicator and team-player with superior interpersonal skills and the ability to work with geographically dispersed, diverse, multi-cultural groups.
SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS:
Establish and maintain good working relationships with staff, clients and coworkers.
Demonstrate and model professionalism and maintain confidentiality.
Goal oriented individual with a strong eye for detail.
Effective problem solving, mentoring and training experience.
Assist regulatory and departmental affairs considered necessary by management.
Schedule appointments and perform follow up conformations
Ability to accept responsibilities and delegate where needed
Computer literate & Internet savvy in MS Office
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Quality Practice Advisor: Aeroteck (WellCare) - New York, NY 2017-Present
Recommend provider practices and IPAs in appropriate HEDIS measures, medical record documentation guidelines and HEDIS ICD-9/10 CPT coding in accordance with NCQA requirements.
Team up with Provider Relations to improve provider performance in areas of Quality, Risk Adjustment and Operations (claims and encounters).
Ensure that documentation produced and/or processed complies with state regulations and/or accrediting body requirements.
Ensure assigned contract/regulatory report content is accurate and that submission adheres to deadline.
Document action plans and details of visits and outcomes and reports critical incidents and information regarding quality of care issues.
Deliver provider specific metrics and instruct providers on gap closing opportunities.
Develop, enhance and maintain provider clinical relationship across product lines.
Lead and support collaborative business partnerships, elicit client understanding and awareness to advise and make recommendations.
Provide resources and educational opportunities to provider and staff.
Capture concerns and issues in action plans as agreed upon by provider.
Communicate with external data sources as needed to gather data necessary to measure identified outcomes.
Support quality improvement HEDIS and program studies as needed, requesting records from providers, maintaining databases, and researching to identify members' provider encounter history.
Gather and summarize provider performance data to identify and plan opportunities for provider improvement.
Ensure accuracy in medical records for data collection, data entry and reporting.
Enter documentation of findings in identified databases.
Perform other duties as assigned.
HEDIS Operations: Momentum Solutions (MetroPlus) - Edison, NJ 2016-2017
Assisted drafting, designing and implementing the Quality Operations Manual.
Organize and support medical record retrieval by partnering with onsite medical management staff to coordinate closure of gaps in care through various reconciliation efforts.
Monitor Access databases to ensure accuracy and effectiveness of quality metrics and reporting.
Coordinated and performed remote and onsite medical record reviews to determine compliance with quality metrics.
Clinical Coding Coordinator: Healthfirst - New York, NY 2015-2016
Support chart retrieval activities around Provider Education assignments, which include monitoring confidential information in the appropriate areas of record keeping reviews, including HEDIS and QARR reviews.
Contact provider offices to request and review charts in support of HEDIS & QARR reporting processes.
Periodically travel to provider sites to copy appropriate sections of medical records as directed by management, as well as documenting results and member/provider data points in the given administrative tools, such as MACESS and Excel spreadsheets.
Support coders with entering data pertaining to patient diagnoses, validation results, and analysis.
Utilization Management Service Coordinator: Access Staffing (Healthfirst) - New York, NY 2015
Created personal care aide authorizations and other services for MLTC members quickly and efficiently.
Made changes to service schedule as MLTC member's schedule needs change.
Arrange home care/health services as approved by the director based on medical necessity.
Performed daily departmental activities to ensure productive goals were met in regard to quality, timeliness, and accuracy.
Quality Specialist: Advantage Care Physicians - Brooklyn, NY 2014-2015
Coordinated and performed remote and onsite medical record reviews to determine appropriate coding and billing practices, compliance with quality metrics, and compliance with service delivery standards.
Outreached patients and worked in tandem with care management to maximize outreach for preventive services and chronic disease management.
Educated providers and staff about the QM process, including HEDIS, QARR, STARS, and HCC; along with proper coding and billing practices.
Assisted in defining opportunities for improvement in the continuity of care and implementing programs that will address any gaps in care.
Performed data abstractions on medical records according to specifications and entered them into data collection tool.
Coordinated and performed remote and onsite medical record reviews to determine appropriate coding and billing practices, compliance with quality metrics, and compliance with service delivery standards.
Supported the HEDIS team in staff training, member outreach, preparing and communicating monthly reports, maintaining databases, and data analysis.
Medicare Risk and Revenue Supervisor: Advantage Care Physicians - Brooklyn, NY 2012-2014
Collaborated with coders and the Matrix analytical team to implement the Physician Bulletin program, which helped improve continuity of care for patients by increasing accuracy and completeness of Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) diagnoses.
Served as the central hub for all HCC bulletins and dissemination to all 8 medical offices for Provider review.
Followed up with medical office Administrators to ensure all bulletins were reviewed, signed, and returned by the assigned provider in a timely manner.
Allocated completed HCC bulletins to designated coder for overview and finalization.
Drafted weekly and monthly reports for coders and medical office administrators to facilitate reconciliation of all outstanding bulletins.
Assisted charge entry specialist with posting charges and claims.
Call Center Representative: Advantage Care Physicians - Brooklyn, NY 2011-2012
Analyzed data and used cognitive skills to make responsible decisions during appointment scheduling and other patient service requests.
Assisted patients with any questions regarding the organization and resolved calls with minimal outside direction by researching and exploring answers, alternative solutions, implementing solutions, and escalating unresolved problems.
Maintained applicable call center database by entering and/or amending information.
EDUCATION: | https://www.postjobfree.com/resume/ac51l8/coder-medical-office-icd-new-york-ny |
A good method of conducting your assessment is to use key performance indicators. Some of the key critical performance indicators include:
- Code frequency
- Coder productivity
- Volume of coder and/or provider questions
- Use of unspecified codes
- Physician or non-physician practitioner productivity
- Clinical documentation versus ICD-10-CM code selection
- Increase or decrease in number of queries
- Claims denial rate
- Payment amounts by payer
- Medical necessity pass rate
- Discharged not final billed (For hospital inpatient services)
- DRG volumes by group (ICD-9 versus ICD-10, for hospital inpatient services)
- Clearinghouse edits
- Payer edits
- System issues
You don’t have to assess everything at once. Take a few of the key performance indicators listed above and develop a method for assessment and communicating feedback to administration, physicians, staff, etc. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has developed a very useful ICD-10 Next Steps Toolkit that can be obtained online at cms.gov/icd10. Let’s review a few of the key performance indicators:
Clinical Documentation versus ICD-10-CM Code Selection
Run an ICD-10 coding frequency report to identify how many times your top 10 codes are reported for each physician and/or provider. This can be the baseline for reviewing documentation and coding to ensure that specificity is achieved and the documentation supports the services reported. Once you run the report and identify the ICD-10 codes that have been most frequently used since Oct. 1, 2015, you should begin reviewing the coding and documentation for each individual provider on a random basis. Performing this review by specialty does not really identify the problem areas by provider, so it has little value if not performed for each individual provider.
When reviewing documentation, identify the following:
- Does the medical record support a selection of a specific ICD-10 code?
- Is the documentation complete?
- What additional documentation is necessary to select a code to the highest level of specificity?
- Are there diagnosis codes missing on the claim?
- Was the ICD-10 code selected accurate, or is the code selected unspecified?
- Is laterality documented in the medical record, if applicable?
- Who selects the diagnosis code(s)?
- Does technology play a role in the selection of the diagnosis code?
- If software is used, is it accurate, or are their some inconsistencies?
Once you review the documentation by provider, you will be able to determine whether the documentation accurately reflects the correct diagnoses reported on the claim. You will be able to assess whether the practitioner needs additional education or training and what type of training might be beneficial. If you uncover inconsistencies in technology that you use, it will be important to find reasonable solutions to correct these inconsistencies.
Coder Productivity
Another key performance indicator is coder productivity. Did you measure productivity prior to ICD-10 implementation? If so, now is the time to assess if productivity remained the same, improved, or is now falling short. When assessing coder productivity, identify how many records per hour typically can be coded, and do so by type of encounter. For example, coding complex surgeries would take longer than coding an evaluation and management service. Set new goals for productivity and monitor progress weekly and monthly until productivity improves. This should be an ongoing process.
Volume of Coder and/or Provider Questions
Do the coders now send more queries to clarify or support the documentation and coding? Do the providers now have more questions related to the selection of the diagnosis codes? One of the questions I always get asked by specialists is “do we need to document and code co-morbidities as well as the condition being managed?” It might be time to draft a policy as part of compliance in addressing this issue.
Many providers who now are reporting accidents, injuries, and poisonings are getting confused by which seventh character to report (and the rationale behind the seventh character. You should monitor and track questions, as these can be key indicators of where additional training is necessary to successfully code with ICD-10.
Use of Unspecified Codes
Does your frequency report indicate that there are significant numbers of unspecified codes being used? Could this be an audit risk area? This might also trigger the need to audit a sampling of claims by provider.
Keep on Top of Your Cash Flow
It is important to assess and monitor the number of days from the time a service is rendered to claims submission, as well as the number of days after claims submission the claim is paid.
Are you monitoring your denials and reviewing your remittance or explanation of benefits to identify any changes in reimbursement or medical necessity denials? Have your claim denials increased or decreased? If denials have increased, what is the reason? Is the increase in the denial rate specific to a particular payer, or across all payers? If you are using medical necessity software, what is the current pass rate in comparison to pre-ICD-10? Are payers requesting additional information?
It is important to assess the number of charges or claims you submit per day, to keep track of any requests by payers for documentation or additional information to process the claim, as well as to monitor any payer and clearinghouse edits. In addition, make sure you monitor incomplete or missing charges as well as missing ICD-10 codes on orders.
So remember: now is the time to identify your key performance indicators and periodic provider assessment in order to ensure you are on top of the ICD-10 transition.
Communicating Results
Once the assessment has been completed, what do you do with the information you have gathered? It is important to share this information throughout the organization and to provide feedback to the administration and/or physicians.
- Identify what additional tools might be helpful.
- Highlight specific workflow or cash flow issues.
- Identify additional training opportunities.
- Create an issues list, whereby new issues can be addressed and current issues can be identified.
Also,develop next steps on how to solve problems and improve coding, productivity, documentation, specificity, and most importantly, cash flow. | https://www.icd10monitor.com/assessing-your-icd-10-transition |
Esko is looking for an enthusiastic and motivated Team Leader for our product engineering team. You will be responsible for leading a team of highly skilled software developers and QA engineers to successfully deliver software projects/products on-time with the high-quality standard.
Role / Job Objective
The team leader will be responsible for planning, coordinating and leading activities across the full delivery lifecycle. While still being highly technical and hands-on in designing, developing, reviewing, and maintaining software quality, as well as mentoring associates and building the team.
Qualifications and Technical knowledge
Engineering degree in Computer Science or equivalent, and experience of working on software product will be an advantage
10+ years of work experience in Web Development and at least 4 years in full-stack Web Development
1+ years of experience as Team Leader
Team leading ability, shown by having led a team to work co-operatively with others, continually reviewing objectives and priorities, and accepting collective responsibility. Experience should include direct personnel management
Able to understand and work within the architecture and inter-process dependencies of a server product and Node.js scripting engine.
Must be familiar with Web Application Architecture, design patterns like MVC
C++ knowledge is a plus
Ability to deal with or previous experiences with technical specifications as HTTP, MIME, OAuth, XSLT, XPath, ... and use of 3rd party node modules
Good working knowledge of Web Services and XML
Hands on experience in databases like MongoDB, SQL. Strong knowledge of database design and efficient SQL statements
Proficient understanding of cross-browser compatibility issues and ways to work around such issues
Experience in deployment and administration of Web Servers & Application Servers like IIS, Apache Tomcat, etc. on Windows, Mac and Linux platform
Good knowledge of object oriented (OOPS) concepts and design patterns
Nice to have
REST API
Concept of micro services
Knowledge on AWS or Microsoft Azure platform
Development on scalable cloud solution
Strong verbal and written communication skills in English, including ability to understand advanced technical documentation
Proficiency with agile software development tools like JIRA, Pivotal tracker etc.
Responsibilities and Key Activities
Lead the team to successfully deliver project releases on time and the with high-quality
Manage the delivery of project/product from design through to release
Provide accurate project estimations, identify resources/competences, develop project plan and deliver to the schedule. Ensure that risks and issues are identified and managed closely
Work closely with relevant teams internally to ensure alignment and coordination. Ensure awareness, involvement, and support from the key stakeholders - maintaining robust communication on the project status throughout its life cycle
Build the team and develop capabilities of the team members
Mentor and coach team members on their technical development
High level understating and reviewing of epics and user stories. Breaking down of user stories to development tasks and estimating those stories and working closely with the Product Owner
Design overall system architecture, database schema and user interface. Contribute to technical solutions from design through to code level
Create feasibility analysis and provide accurate effort estimates. Ownership to develop plan and deliver to meet schedule and quality expectation of product owner
Write code that is easy to understand and fits with existing patterns
Conduct peer code reviews and perform unit and integration testing
Implement unit testing, documentation of API, integration testing, deployment approach, and maintain programming documentation which include commenting code and user guides
Analyze, debug, and solve complex technical issues and customer escalations
Provide status updates, and produce high quality deliverables in a timely manner
Communicate and interact effectively with team members, customer, product owner, QA, supports, and other departments within Esko
Stay current on software technology, concepts, and tools, as well as related and competing products
Able to provide alternatives for a given problem and guide the team on best solution
Prototype new initiatives/solution and demonstrate the same to the team and other stack holders
Do research on technologies and suggest use of the technology to solve customer problem
Able to identify unknown and risks in identified solutions
Help with creating, implementing, executing, and guarding optimized processes, policies and procedures
Aid in recruitment, assimilating necessary technical knowledge and building team to meet organizational goals
Conduct performance reviews, provide timely and frequent feedback, and set objectives for team members
Reporting and Ownership
Reports to Engineering Manager
Leading a Team
When you join us, you’ll also be joining Danaher’s global organization, where 80,000 people wake up every day determined to help our customers win. As an associate, you’ll try new things, work hard, and advance your skills with guidance from dedicated leaders, all with the support of powerful Danaher Business System (https://www.danaher.com/how-we-work/danaher-business-system) tools and the stability of a tested organization.At Danaher, we value diversity and the existence of similarities and differences, both visible and not, found in our workforce, workplace and throughout the markets we serve. Our associates, customers and shareholders contribute unique and different perspectives as a result of these diverse attributes.If you’ve ever wondered what’s within you, there’s no better time to find out. | https://danaher.jobs/kolkata-ind/team-leader/E7E445DE138740059A344D4143B423B6/job/?vs=28 |
Abstract expressionism is the most famous American style of contemporary painting. First, let’s deal with the abstract expressionism definition in art.
Abstract expressionism is a movement in the visual arts of the mid-twentieth century, which is characterized by the spontaneous display of the artist`s own inner world and emotional experiences. Adherents of abstract expressionism in their works relied on the unconscious, free from the original logic and mind control of creativity, altogether abandoning the image of real-world objects.
Abstract expressionism cannot be called a homogeneous artistic movement. This direction combines a wide variety of styles, methods, and techniques that its supporters used.
Abstract expressionism as a fully formed trend in painting appeared only in the 40s of the twentieth century, but its origins in world culture can be found much earlier. For the first time, this term was presented to the general public on the pages of the magazine Der Sturm to refer to the artistic style of the German expressionists back in 1919.
And 10 years later, the first director of the New York Museum of Modern Art Alfred Barr applied this term in relation to the work of the founder of abstractionism Wassily Kandinsky. But then the name did not take root in art circles.
Abstract expressionism has many stylistic coincidences with various avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century. In terms of the emotional intensity of the works, it is close to German expressionism, futurism, and synthetic cubism. The movement borrowed from surrealism the desire for a spontaneous display of the depths of the subconscious.
In the early 1940s in the United States, there were obvious prerequisites for the emergence of a new artistic movement. In those days, fleeing Nazi persecution, many prominent European avant-garde artists settled in America, who had a noticeable influence on the worldview of local masters of painting.
The outbreak of World War II led to a crisis of traditional human values, including in the field of fine arts. This was reflected in creative personalities, many of whom began to look for new, revolutionary ways of self-expression.
The cradle of the new art movement, abstract expressionism was New York, where most of the future founders of abstract expressionism lived and worked. In 1948, 15 like-minded painters united and staged a boycott of an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. Life magazine journalists called the rebels The Irascibles, and critics – abstract expressionists.
Since its inception, the new movement has been very heterogeneous. Jackson Pollock became the founder of “Action Painting”, Willem de Kooning preferred to work in the manner of grotesque figurative art, and Mark Rothko invented “Color Field Painting”. These artistic techniques differ significantly from each other from an aesthetic point of view, but they are united by common goals and ideas, as well as the ultimate immediacy of the author’s self-expression.
Thanks to abstract expressionism, New York eventually became one of the most influential centers of the world’s fine arts. The movement gained many followers in Europe, but most of its supporters lived and worked in the United States.
Abstract expressionism did not remain in the center of attention of the world public for a long time. By the end of the 1950s, interest in abstract expressionism disappeared, and the work of supporters ceased to attract critics. But it had a huge impact on subsequent generations of artists and became a reliable foundation for modern American art. | https://usaartnews.com/news/abstract-expressionism |
As his name would suggest, the artist was from Messina, a town in Sicily which at the time of his birth was a part of its own Republic. It is today known for tourist, food and drink, most notably, and during this artist's lifetime the main regions for Italian art lied to the north. He appeared in the 15th century and was successful in convincing others that the south of the country could also contribute some significant innovations within the art world. Indeed, he is generally accepted as having been particularly influential on some major names within Venetian art and so his achievements went far beyond the boundaries of the Kingdom of Sicily. That said, Antonello da Messina received his training elsewhere, predominantly in Rome and Naples as far as we can best tell. Although detail on his early life is relatively sparse, it is true to say that Netherlandish art was a key influence in both cities during the mid-15th century and so this connects well with the style that he would later incorporate into his work.
In keeping with the fashion of the period, most of Antonello da Messina's paintings would cover religious themes, including some famous depictions of the crucifixion as well as the Virgin Mary and other saintly figures. The artist would have struggled to attract weathly patrons who desired anything else during this period in Italian history and so they were forced to a certain degree to concentrate on such topics. One interesting aspect to the artist's development was his time spent in the company of Petrus Christus, who himself from a North European artist who followed Jan van Eyck. They would exchange technical knowledge from their respective regions, and pass on new ideas which could then been fed back into the own artistic communities. Da Messina would explain concepts around linear perspective, and in return was taught the fundamentals of oil painting. He also witnessed Van Eyck's own Lomellini Tryptych in person whilst in Naples and this encouraged him of the clear merits of this alternative method of art.
The earliest spread of this relayed information on oil painting techniques is believed to have been passed on by Antonello da Messina to Gentile and Giovanni Bellini. Da Messina returned to his hometown and served as the master painter of the region. He would marry and have children, one of whom, Jacobello, would become a successful artist himself and continue the family name for a further generation as well as protecting the artistic success found in the town of Messina. As commissions started to roll in, the artist was able to expand his oeuvre quickly, backed by a sold family structure which could support him financially. Some works in the 1460s have been declared as showing influence from Piero della Francesca, who himself had a unique approach which was based around mathematics and an innovative use of perspective. It is important to remember that this aspect of art was very much in a period of transition during this time, with most art from the Middle Ages being known for very flat and undeveloped perspectives that bared little connection to reality.
As a further symbol of the artist's family's involvement within his career, his studio would start to expand over time and this gave the opportunity for him to introduce his brother, Giordano, into the fold for the first time. Both Italy and the Flemish regions during this period had a long history of passing on skills through the generations and so this would have been seen as entirely expected, once the younger brother had shown any inclination towards art as a career. Towards the end of the 1460s the artist would begin producing single portraits in large numbers, which was not something typical of the period. This can be considered another strong influence that he left upon others. He would continue to work efficiently, possibly relocating for a period to the Italian mainland where he could more easily attract wealthy patrons. His style also continued to evolve, under the influence of other artists, many of whom he was already personally familiar with.
Virgin Annunciate, Portrait of a Man, St Jerome in his Study and St Sebastian are some of the most famous paintings produced by Antonello da Messina across his career. His impact and reputation ensures that some of his most significant artworks can be found in some high profile European art galleries and museums, helping to tell the story of the influence made by Southern Italian artists to the Renaissance, which is sometimes forgotten. His connection to several famous names from Italian and Flemish art has also helped more people to discover his work, and it is his involvement in promoting the use of oils within his own native region which perhaps was the most important impact that he made across his career. There are around thirty artworks left in existence which have confidently been attributed to the artist, with many still remaining in Italy, and others based in France, Germany and the UK, with all of them now commanding considerable valuations.
The artist eventually passed away in Messina in 1479 having moved back home just a few years earlier after a successful stint living in Venice. His unfinished paintings were taken on by his highly trained studio, including his son Jacobello. He had by this stage built up a successful studio which would be able to continue to function effectively even after his death, meaning his legacy was secured, as was the financial security of his children. Normally in these circumstances there would be a school which continued his stylistic traits, but sadly that was not to be the case for Antonello da Messina. Despite that, his legacy is entirely understood and he served a critical role in the exchanging of ideas and techniques between the two major artistic regions of Europe at that time - namely Italy and the Flemish regions in the North. The result would be future generations being able to find innovative ways of fusing these two movements together and taking the best bits of both. | https://www.thehistoryofart.org/antonello-da-messina/ |
Summary/Abstract: The role of leadership in shaping and changing the corporate culture often remains in the background when analyzing the factors for successful management. Mutual influence between culture and leadership is a key component of the ability of companies to develop. This interaction is not an immutable fact or a situation which might just be measured or accounted for. The mutual influence of factors of leadership and cultural factors should be considered in the process of their interaction, tracked or improvement of leadership or by the formation and transformation of culture. The aim of this report is to present a model for creating a culture of leadership in the context of the need of developing organizational culture. Basic concepts are defined. An attempt to analyze the interaction of various elements of the leadership model and the formation of organizational culture has been made. To determine the impact on the influence leaders have on the building of organizational culture a certain approach is needed to take into account the complex structure of the factor culture and to describe unacceptable in terms of our research structure of the relationship between the two models. For this reason, we analyze several studies and publications in this field that give us a satisfactory variety of elements and are based on scientific research and arguments. In different studies appear elements of the impact of leadership in creating an organizational culture that we can provisionally summarize in the following groups: 1. Actions and behavior of leaders. 2. Focus on leadership. 3. Evaluation Criteria: what is rewarded and what is punishable. 4. Appropriate allocation of resources. A five-step model for creating a culture of leadership is presented. | https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=428038 |
Did you know that roughly 53% of art collections worldwide have over 500 artworks, according to Larry’s List? When it comes to evaluating a work of art, there are several key details that art appraisers take into consideration. These factors can often be complex and intricate, so it’s important to understand what they might include. We will discuss the five key points art appraisers look for when evaluating a work of art.
1. Artist
Art appraisers will consider the artist’s background, previous works, and other pieces similar to the piece being evaluated. Knowing what kind of impact an artist has had in the past can greatly influence the value of the artwork in consideration.
2. Medium
The materials and techniques used to create the artwork are important components of the evaluation process. Knowing which materials, colors, or textures the artist used can give insight into how a piece of art was created and help appraisers determine its worth. Oil on canvas, for example, is often more valuable than works on paper or wood.
3. Subject matter
The subject matter receives high marks when it’s a historically or culturally significant piece. If the subject matter is particularly unique or has strong ties to certain regions, cultures, or times in history, it could be worth significantly more than other pieces of comparable quality.
4. Condition
The condition of artwork matters when evaluating its value. Any damage or signs of aging could greatly reduce the worth of artwork, so appraisers need to take these factors into account when giving a final appraisal.
5. Documentation
One of the most important components that appraisers look for is documentation about the artist and their works. Knowing who created a piece and where it has been displayed can help determine its value. It’s also important to have records of any repairs or restoration work previously done on the piece since this factor could affect its worth.
Overall, understanding the five key points that art appraisers look for when evaluating a work of art can be invaluable in determining its true worth. Appraisers think about the artist, medium, subject matter, condition, and documentation to properly assess art value. Keeping these points in mind can help anyone seeking an accurate evaluation of the artistic worth of their piece. Get in touch with us at A.A. Fine Art today to learn more about art appraisers. | https://aa-fineart.com/the-key-details-art-appraisers-look-for/ |
UNM’s College of Fine Arts exists in a unique crucible of time, place, and culture. We encompass twenty-two federally recognized Pueblos, Tribes, and Nations; the history of the Camino Real; a vibrant contemporary arts scene; and national centers of innovation for science, defense, and energy. In this fertile environment, along with UNM’s designation as a Carnegie Very High Research institution, our high Hispanic enrollment (33%) and one of the highest percentages of Native American students in the nation (12%), we are uniquely situated to explore a new pedagogy for the arts that is innovative, culturally-inclusive, and of the highest artistic merit.
The College of Fine Arts embraces and reflects the multiple contexts in which we live. Over the past two years, we have been engaged in a deep and rigorous discussion about what an arts education really means – what it should include, how it influences our students, how our unique communities influence us, and how we can influence the world into which our students graduate.
The result of this introspection is the creation of the Arts Learning Laboratory (ALL) – a new model for arts education that breaks down traditional academic structures and invites the outside world into the College of Fine Arts to engage in a powerful collaborative learning model and a far-reaching redefinition of arts pedagogy.
This new model will:
- Research, develop and implement an innovative curriculum incorporating a diverse set of geographic, disciplinary, racial, and cultural perspectives. One of the key objectives of the curriculum will be the incorporation of a range of voices through community- and project-based educational experience.
- Train Arts graduates to make productive contributions to contemporary economic and cultural life through a combination of rigorous arts skills, sensitivity to diverse perspectives and fluency in interdisciplinary discourse.
- Institute a curriculum that provides a project-based educational experience that immerses students in discovery learning in varied cultural and economic communities.
- Increase the cultural diversity of the University of New Mexico through direct engagement with professional artists, scholars and communities from a range backgrounds locally, nationally and internationally.
- Expand the environmental component of arts pedagogy by collaborating with colleagues in the sciences to place students in direct contact with a wide range of local, national and international ecosystems and to explore the notion of “place” as a concept for exploration and learning.
With the generous support of the Lannan and McCune Foundations, the Office of the Provost and the Office of the Vice President for Research, seven existing collaborative projects shared by CFA faculty and their academic and community partners currently comprise the ALL:
The Arts-in-Medicine Program (AIM) at the UNM Hospitals is collaborating with the University of KwaZulu Natal (UKZN) and the University of Cape Town (UCT) in South Africa to create a transdisciplinary, service learning study abroad course.
The International Collaborative Art Program (ICAP) is a residency program that offers students and faculty opportunities to collaborate with international artists and curators on projects focused on technology, ecology and social practice concerns.
Land Arts of the American West provides undergraduate and graduate students with opportunities for place-based study, community interaction, collaboration, communal living, and direct interaction with a diverse set of artists, scholars, and experts in and of the landscape of the west.
The Littleglobe Center For Creative Engagement (CCE) serves as a nexus for best practices that encourage meaningful and lasting community empowerment, capacity building and cross-sector collaboration between facilitators, partners and participants.
Dance Legacy: Southwest Project is a collaboration with the American Dance Legacy Institute at Brown University. It provides dance students with internships on the East Coast and conversely, reveals the unique artistic climate of the Southwest to the outside world. | http://artslearninglab.unm.edu/overview/ |
What is the value of artistic practices, techniques, inventions, aesthetics and knowledge for the working scientist? What is the value of scientific practices, techniques, inventions, aesthetics and knowledge for the artist? When does art become science and science, art? Or are these categories useless at their boundaries and intersections?
Can an individual excel at both science and art, or is even a passing familiarity with one sufficient to influence significantly the other? Do the arts ever contribute significantly to scientific progress? Where will current scientific innovations lead the arts in the next few decades?
Leonardo publishes an ongoing special section devoted to exploring these questions. Submissions can be from artistic scientists who find their art avocation valuable; from scientist-artist collaborators who can demonstrate a scientific or artistic innovation; from scientifically literate artists who draw problems, materials, techniques or processes from the sciences; or from historians of art or science looking at past examples of such interactions.
Proposals and Inquiries
Interested authors may submit manuscript proposals or inquiries to Leonardo.
Manuscript Submissions
For detailed instructions for manuscript and art preparation, visit Information for Journal Authors.
To submit a completed manuscript, upload at Editorial Express. | https://www.leonardo.info/opportunity/call-for-papers-artscience-the-essential-connection |
August 17, 2012
Each year, ArtStarts has the great pleasure of helping schools bring professional artists into their classrooms for a wide range of integrated arts programs and long-term residencies through our Artists in the Classroom program (formerly known as Artists in Education 2 or AIE2). This past year, we were fortunate to be in the position to fund even more projects that we'd hoped, due to generous support from our proud community partner, Westminster Savings.
One of these projects was a school mural project undertaken this Spring by Heritage Mountain Elementary in Port Moody. From late March to early June, local artist Tammy Pilon worked with a group of Grade 4 students two days a week. Together, they brainstormed ideas for images that represented their community, and developed sketches for a series of panels. The images were then projected and traced onto 12 large pieces of plywood, which groups of students then brought to life with colourful painting.
The murals were installed on the Heritage Mountain Elementary''s retaining wall. Just before the end of the school year, the students, teacher and artist came together with friends, family and school trustees and members of the community to celebrate the project and the vibrant artwork that was created.
The Tri-City News covered the event and captured some great comments from some of the students involved:
"I think it''s really amazing that we are leaving behind a legacy that will be here for years to come," said Grade 4 student Anja Frohnsdorf, who painted one of the panels.
"People who used to walk through here never stopped to look. Now they will because it''s beautiful," said her friend, Rula Hasan, who is in Grade 4 and another one of the student painters.
With the murals in place, Heritage Mountain Elementary now boasts a beautiful outdoor art gallery and classroom environment for students where they can take part in art classes, living Science lessons, or just enjoy a place to write quietly. In September 2012, a central community garden will be planted below the murals which to grow flowers and vegetables.
Here are some more quotes we received from students involved in the mural project:
"It would be really cool to see my name on the mural in 5 years. The mural was probably the biggest memory I had in Grade 4." – Adam
“I didn’t know I could do it. If you try really hard, you can do anything.” – Daven
“Being able to say I worked with a real artist makes me happy. Leaving a legacy is leaving something for the whole world to see. Seeing this 5 years later will make me proud that I could do that at 10 years old.” – Vanessa
"I had a really fun time, drawing, painting and working with a real artist." – Jason
The artist, Tammy Pilon, also enjoyed her experience working with the students:
"It has been amazing to see them experience the world of art in such an immediately rewarding project as their peers compliment them on their work every time they come by. It has certainly increased their confidence in their artistic abilities that will hopefully create a long lasting impression that will continue to influence their art making in the future."
Congratulations to everyone involved in the making this project a sucess, and thanks again to Westminster Savings for their generous support.
The deadline for schools to apply for the next round of Artists in the Classroom grants is October 5, 2012. Find out more about the program and how to apply here. | https://artstarts.com/blog/an-outdoor-wall-of-art-by-heritage-mountain-elementary |
At Blakehill Primary School we believe that all children should be given the opportunity to express themselves creatively through art and design. We believe that all children should be to be confidently creative and explore a wide range of media to create imaginative and exciting pieces of art work of which they are proud. We want children to be confident to explore techniques and to be able to transfer the skills that they have been taught previously to their independent artwork. We believe that all children should be taught a wide range of artistic skills and show confidence in painting, drawing and sculpture.
The children at Blakehill should be given the chance to explore the work of a range of famous artists, both contemporary and also artists from the past. They should be able to talk with confidence about famous artists and be able to use their knowledge to influence their own pieces of art work. Children should be able to form their own artistic preferences and be able to talk about these with confidence.
Most importantly we aim to give all learners an appreciation of art. We hope that children at Blakehill are proud of their art work and enjoy working creatively.
Implementation
Children at Blakehill are taught art weekly during a whole class session. Children are taught the skills in line with the national curriculum in Art and Design. Links are often made with other subjects so that the pieces of art created are meaningful and enhance learning in other subject areas. Most classes have the opportunity to be taught art by an art specialist. Children in years five and six access additional art opportunities through a carousel system, each class rotates through four activities. One of the activities is linked to art. Art work produced by children in school is kept in a folder which follows the child through school from year 1 to year 6. This allows us to see progression of artistic skills clearly for each individual child. Some work is displayed in classrooms or in corridors around our school.
We hold an exhibition of art yearly to showcase the work of each class in art and design. Parents are invited to this and children are proud to show their work.
Assessment
Art assessments are completed termly by class teachers with support from the art specialist where needed. Teachers will use the school assessment criteria to determine whether a child is working within age-related expectations, above or below. The assessments are used to inform future planning and show teachers where support may be needed.
Intended Impact
- Children will enjoy art and design and show pride in their work.
- All children will have the opportunity to work with a range of different artistic media and materials within painting, drawing and sculpture.
- Children will show a clear progression in their artistic skills each year.
- Artistic terms and vocabulary will be confidently used by children when talking about pieces of art work.
- Children will be able to talk confidently about a range of famous artists and begin to form their own artistic preferences. | https://www.blakehillprimary.co.uk/website/art/313865 |
Students learn about the lasting impact of ancient Rome on Western civilization. First, they watch a rap video to become engaged with the topic. Then, they read sources containing concise descriptions of Roman achievements in many fields. Next, they look for examples of the Roman legacy in the world around them. Finally, they read, write, and talk about similarities and differences between ancient Rome and the United States.
In this experience, students learn about the lasting impact of ancient Rome on Western civilization. First, they watch a rap video to become engaged with the topic. Then, they read sources containing concise descriptions of Roman achievements in many fields. Next, they look for examples of the Roman legacy in the world around them. Finally, they read, write, and talk about similarities and differences between ancient Rome and the United States.
Describe important Roman contributions to western civilization.
The Roman Empire existed long ago, but its influence is still felt today. In this experience, you’ll find that influence in many aspects of civilization.
If you know where to look, you can find evidence of the impact of ancient Rome throughout the Western world, especially in Europe.
Watch Legacy of Ancient Rome Rap.
List several facts you learned or re-learned from the rap. | https://www.exploros.com/social-studies/World-History-MS/Rome-and-Christendom/Roman-Contributions-to-Western-Civilization |
Frail, brooding and sensitive, Géricault was as romantic as a Romantic painter could be. While he began his career with grand military statements for the Emperor Napoleon, it was his later works, with their emotional brutality and raw empathy that captured the hearts of audiences for generations.
His masterpiece, The Raft of the Medusa was iconic in the era in which he lived, forging a new emphasis on raw emotion and sharply veering away from the refined compositional studies of Neoclassicism.
Unfortunately, Gericault's death at an early age prevents us from knowing how much further into the depths of humanity Géricault was capable of plunging. However, the work he did leave however was of great importance to the Romantic Movement.
Romanticism is sometimes viewed as a reaction to its more serious predecessor, the Neoclassical movement. As Neoclassical artists focused on properly accounting history through close attention to detail, Romantic artists flirted with themes of man's self glorification, man's part in nature, divinity found in nature, and emotion. They were part of a complex multimedia philosophical movement, involving the literary, visual, and intellectual arts.
Born in the pleasant middle-class enclave of Rouen, France, to affluent parents, Géricault's artistic inclinations were fed from a very young age.
In 1808 he began his first apprenticeship with Carle Vernet, a Neoclassical painter who shared young Théodore's fascination with horses.
Géricault was interested in a style of painting that was less rigid and contrived than the Neoclassical works he was taught to emulate, and to this end he utilized a new set of preparatory practices.
Gericault then turned worked in another studio, that of Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, where he met another young fiery Frenchman, Eugéne Delacroix. The two would forge a lasting friendship and mutual admiration, going on to found the artistic movement known as Romanticism.
After a stint fighting for Napoleon as a French Musketeer, Géricault became involved in politics which led to the creation of what is considered his Romantic masterpiece, The Raft of the Medusa, in 1818.
This painting depicts a tragic event in French History - the shipwreck of the French vessel "Medusa" in 1816 and with this piece the artist polarized the critics and established himself as a young face to watch.
On the strength of this painting and his other lithographs, Géricault toured around England from 1820-1822, gaining widespread fame and fortune.
Upon his return to France, the artist executed a well-received series of ten paintings depicting various types of insanity. He travelled to the Paris asylum of Salpetriere, and painted movingly accurate portraits of the inmates.
Théodore Géricault died at the young age of 32 from a riding accident and tuberculosis, in the prime of his career. He left a legacy, however, that would influence fellow Romantics as well as artists for centuries to come.
A painting by Géricault is recognizable by its individuality. This was a major tenet of his works, which draws him tightly into the Romantic fold. Through his subject matter, techniques, and stylistic quirks, the young and talented artist painted like no other.
Traditionally, up until this time period, artists would sketch a full composition in its entirety onto the canvas, and then paint over this sketch bit by bit.
Rather than using this pattern, Géricault focused on an individual part of the composition, such as one figure. He would sketch this portion of the overall composition and then paint it fully before moving onto the next section of the canvas.
This gave each body or section of the composition the appearance of being its own miniature composition, lending an unparalleled physicality to each figure.
Gericault did not leave behind a large body of work, as he died at such a tragically young age. What he did leave, however, was impressive in its variety and what ties all of his work together is an interest in the present tense, rather than the depiction of historical events or classical themes that characterized Neoclassicism such as horse races, shipwrecks and portraits of the mentally ill.
All of the above clearly break away from the typical subject matter of Classical or Neoclassical artists, bringing the new ideals of Romanticism into play.
Rather than making sketches of models and then using the sketches to paint from, the artist used live models when he was painting directly on the canvas.
He would often use his own friends, such as the artist Eugéne Delacroix, who had a great deal of patience for maintaining odd poses for lengthy periods of time.
Generally, for his portraits as well as larger compositions, Géricault preferred a warm palette, heavy on the vermillion, ochre, light red, peach, black, and contrasting cream or beige to highlight colored spots.
In the interest of focusing on the individual immediacy of painting, Géricault utilized small brushes, applying the paint in precise, fluid strokes that allowed little time or room for correction. The paint was thinly applied, often drying overnight.
A product of his time, Géricault heavily absorbed the works of his tutors and immediate predecessors in French art, later twisting them into his own heavily nuanced macabre style.
In addition to the Neoclassical artists, one can see the influence of the idea of the Grand Manner in his work, a reliance on classical composition but infused with a dash of individualism in color and emotion.
Below are a few of the most directly influential artists on the development of Géricault's unique style.
Vernet was Géricault's first teacher, a popular though somewhat mediocre pastoral Neoclassical painter. While he really wished to enter a monastery, he was forced by his father to paint in Paris.
Obsessed with horses and riding scenes, he exerted a basic influence on Géricault's subject matter.
Géricault completed his training, along with Eugene Delacroix, in the house of Guérin, who was another popular Neoclassical painter of the day.
He preferred scenes out of mythology or Greek war stories, and his tendency to embrace "real" or violent subject matter had an influence on Géricault's inclinations to depict deep emotions on canvas.
In the chaotic scenes of Gros one can see a clear influence on the carefully composed yet emotional works of Géricault. The artist expressed his admiration of Gros quite vocally as an interesting and influential break from the tedium of traditional Neoclassicism.
While he painted a wide variety of subjects during his brief yet illustrious career, the viewer can sense that the underlying current that runs through Gericault's work is a true adherence to individualism.
This spirit is what his followers admired, from those who knew him directly to those who only felt the electricity radiating from his paintings centuries after his death.
Studying together under the guidance of Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, Delacroix and Géricault exerted a profound fellowship and influence over each other.
However as Géricault's life was cut tragically short by prolonged illness and several riding accidents, his legacy could only be carried on and built upon by the more anarchic Delacroix.
One can see Géricault's bold use of color and raw emotional turmoil in Delacroix's more violent paintings. Together these two artists are known as the figureheads of the French Romantic movement.
Even more anarchic than either Géricault or Delacroix could ever dare to be was the macho, charming Courbet. He took the influence of Géricault a step further, creating works that verged on shocking in their individualism and realism.
Courbet believed that painters should portray life as it appears, and one can see Géricault's series of mental patients in the sharp realism of Courbet.
Géricault's last important succession of works, his portraits of the inmates of the asylum were particularly inspirational to a scientist/photographer by the name of Jean-Martin Charcot, who himself worked closely with Sigmund Freud.
Charcot was fascinated by Géricault's portraits undertaken about 50 years before, and with the new technology of the camera, he took a series of influential photographs of patients at the same asylum in Paris, Salpetriere.
It is impossible to think of the Romantic Movement without thinking of Théodore Géricault. In this day and age, he is well respected, having made a lasting impression on the art world.
During his time however, Géricault caused a great deal of controversy amongst critics. He took risks, deviated from the norm, and stayed true to himself. For this, he received both good and bad reviews, though he exerted no shortage of influence over later artists.
Géricault's masterpiece, The Raft of the Medusa, was also his most controversial painting. It drew fire from French critics over the political implications and ambiguity of whether the men on the raft were to be rescued or not.
Critics thought it too gruesome, too realistic. In fact, Géricault had molded the figures from real life corpses. During the initial showing however, critics had very little to say about the actual artistic merit of the work itself.
After its initial exhibition in France with its lukewarm reception, The Raft of the Medusa, and Géricault, received a hero's welcome in England by the art-viewing public and critics alike.
The painting was an immediate success, cementing Gericault's reputation and influence over both Romantic writers and artists. In England, 40,000 people paid a fee to view the painting, as it had received such acclaim. His later works received a similarly welcome reception in London.
Indeed, critics now view The Raft of the Medusa, along with Géricault's other daring portraits of the mentally ill, as uniquely important in the development of the Romantic style.
He went on to influence the Realists, and is now considered a photojournalist even though his work was produced before photography even existed.
Géricault's painting style was hugely influential on artists throughout the centuries, earning him a lasting place in the Western canon. | https://www.artble.com/artists/theodore_gericault |
Process, Practice & Impact classification:
The following processes, practices and impacts relate to key technical and commercial activities of the Scottish shale oil industry or are associated with the community and environmental impact of their operations :
3.3 - Influence & Legacy
The Scottish shale oil industry had worldwide influence and has left a lasting legacy in Scotland (particularly West Lothian) on Scottish industrial history and the worldwide oil industry. From the outset, competition from cheap imported petroleum bred commercial and technical innovation, and many processes developed in Scotland were exported abroad together with managerial expertise and skilled labour. The decline and closure of the shale oil industry took place in an age before the industrial heritage movement became established and before facilities existed for the preservation of large industrial machinery. First hand experience of the Scottish shale oil industry is fading fast from living memory, however the achievements of James “Paraffin” Young are still celebrated and the history of this distinctive Scottish industry remains very much in the public consciousness. | http://survey.scottishshale.co.uk/FilterPages/ProcOrPrac.php?CLID=75&CLIDDESC=86 |
Garage Museum of Contemporary Art presents the first Russian exhibition of Thomas Demand, one of the most important photographers of recent decades. (more…)
Max Ernst (1891-1976) was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst was a primary pioneer of the Dada movement and Surrealism.
Constantly experimenting, in 1925 Ernst invented a graphic art technique called frottage, which uses pencil rubbings of objects as a source of images. He also created the ‘grattage’ technique, in which paint is scraped across canvas to reveal the imprints of the objects placed beneath. He used this technique in his famous painting Forest and Dove (as shown at the Tate Modern).
He collaborated with Joan Miro on designs for Sergei Diaghilev. With Miro’s help, Ernst pioneered grattage, in which he troweled pigment from his canvases. He also explored with the technique of decalcomania, which involves pressing paint between two surfaces.
Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses: Andre Breton, Paul Eluard, and the Painter.
Ernst appeared in the 1930 film L’Age d’Or, directed by self-identifying Surrealist Luis Bunuel. Ernst began to make sculpture in 1934, and spent time with Alberto Giacometti. In 1938, the American heiress and artistic patron Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernst’s works, which she displayed in her new museum in London.
In September 1939, the outbreak of World War II caused Ernst to be interned as an “undesirable foreigner” in Camp des Milles, near Aix-en-Provence, along with fellow surrealist, Hans Bellmer, who had recently emigrated to Paris. Thanks to the intercession of Paul Eluard and other friends, including the journalist Varian Fry, he was released a few weeks later. Soon after the German occupation of France, he was arrested again, this time by the Gestapo, but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Guggenheim and Fry. He left behind his lover, Leonora Carrington, and she suffered a major mental breakdown. Ernst and Guggenheim arrived in the United States in 1941 and were married the following year. Along with other artists and friends (Marcel Duchamp and Marc Chagall) who had fled from the war and lived in New York City, Ernst helped inspire the development of Abstract expressionism.
His marriage to Guggenheim did not last, and in Beverly Hills, California in October 1946, in a double ceremony with Man Ray and Juliet P. Browner, he married Dorothea Tanning. The couple first made their home in Sedona, Arizona. In 1948 Ernst wrote the treatise Beyond Painting. As a result of the publicity, he began to achieve financial success.
In 1953 he and Tanning moved to a small town in the south of France where he continued to work. The City, and the Galeries Nationales du Grand-Palais in Paris published a complete catalogue of his works. In 1966 he created a chess set made of glass which he named “Immortel”; it has been described by the poet Andre Verdet as “a masterpiece of bewitching magic, worthy of a Maya palace or the residence of a Pharaoh”.
At the age of 84 Ernst died on 1 April 1976 in Paris. He was interred at Pere Lachaise Cemetery.
Legacy
Max Ernst achieved a rare feat in the life of an artist, which is to establish a glowing reputation and critical following in three countries (Germany, France, and the United States) in the span of his career. Although Ernst is an artist who is better known by art historians and academics than by the general public today, his influence in shaping the direction of mid-century American art (particularly Abstract Expressionism) is easily recognizable. He had a particularly strong influence on Abstract Expressionismist, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Willem de Kooning, to name a few.
Max Ernst’s arrival in New York during World War II (1941), along with other European avant-garde painters such as Marcel Duchamp, Marc Chagall and Piet Mondrian electrified a generation of American artists. Ernst’s rejection of traditional painting, in favor of his own unique techniques (collage, frottage, grattage) captivated young American painters, who similarly sought to forge a fresh and unorthodox approach to painting. | https://artpil.com/max-ernst/ |
Major Chromatographic Techniques
Chromatography basically is a method of separation of compounds from a mixture. The technique is both analytical and preparative and is employed widely in industries as well as in laboratories. Chemical analysis is mostly done all over the world with chromatography or any other various techniques related to chromatography. Chromatography is a physical technique and has a vast application in chemical field starting from basic analytical chemistry to forensic science.
Some major chromatography techniques are:
Column chromatography is a method used to purify individual chemical compounds from mixtures of compounds. It is has preparative applications on scales ranging from small scale to large scale production. Relatively low cost and disposability of the stationary phase are the main advantages of column chromatography.
Paper chromatography involves placing a small dot or line of sample solution onto a strip of polar cellulose chromatography paper. The paper is placed in a glass chamber with a shallow layer of solvent and is sealed. As the solvent moves through the paper, it comes in contact with the sample mixture, which starts to rise up the paper with the solvent.
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a mostly used technique which involves a stationary phase of a thin layer of adsorbent like alumina, silica gel, or cellulose on a flat, inert layer of substrate. Advantages of TLC are better separations, faster runs, and the choice of different adsorbents. Better quantification and resolution can be achieved with high-performance TLC.
Displacement chromatography is a preparative technique in which a sample is placed onto the head of the column and is then displaced by a solute that is more strongly adsorbed than the components of the original mixture. As a result the components are resolved into consecutive rectangular zones of highly concentrated pure substances rather than solvent-separated peaks.
Gas chromatography (GC) is commonly used in analytical chemistry for separating and analysing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition. In this process, the mobile phase (or "moving phase") is a carrier gas; commonly an inert gas such as helium or an unreactive gas such as nitrogen is generally used. Stationary phase is a microscopic layer of liquid or polymer on an inert solid support, within a glass or metal tubing.
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) –in this technique the mobile phase is a fluid above and relatively close to its critical temperature and pressure. SFC mainly utilizes carbon dioxide as the mobile phase; in order to pressurize the chromatographic flow. Supercritical phase represents a state in which liquid and gas properties combine.
Expanded Bed Adsorption (EBA) Chromatographic Separation is used for target protein from a raw feed stream when it passes through a chromatography column system containing adsorbent beads. Using this technique the unprocessed raw compound can be treated directly in the chromatographic column, avoiding clarification and pre-treatment steps. | https://www.omicsonline.org/conferences-list/major-chromatographic-techniques |
What is chromatography?
We explain what chromatography is, how it is used to separate mixtures, what are its phases, what types exist and examples.
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What is chromatography?
Chromatography is a method of separating complex mixtures , which is widely used in various branches of science . For this, it uses the principle of selective retention , which consists of the different behavior of the components of a mixture on a specific support (such as paper, gas, a neutral liquid, etc.).
Thus, chromatography uses various techniques that take advantage of the differences in the adsorption rate of each component, identifying them, in addition, by taking into account the color spectrum that the mixture throws over time. This method allows each component to be separated in a high state of purity or, by identifying them, determining their exact proportion.
For this, adsorption (different from absorption ) is key, a concept that refers to the coefficient of adhesion that the mixture manifests with respect to the support. Thus, according to the difference in reaction rates of the components of the mixture, its concentration percentage can be measured, when not separated from the whole.
Chromatography separation involves two distinct phases:
- Static phase . It starts when the mixture is applied to its specific support and prepares for the mobile application.
- Mobile phase . Another substance is moved on the support, thus allowing its reaction with the components of the mixture, so that the difference in reaction rate serves as a separation criterion.
Depending on their nature, some substances will tend to move and others to remain on the support, according to how many aesthetic and mobile phases of different conditions (liquid, solid and gaseous) are carried out.
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Types of chromatography
Depending on the nature of the support (static phase) and the mobile substance (mobile phase), the following types of chromatography can be distinguished:
- Solid-liquid chromatography , in which the static phase is solid and the mobile phase is liquid.
- Liquid-liquid chromatography , in which both phases are liquid .
- Liquid-gas chromatography , in which the static phase is liquid and the mobile is gaseous .
- Solid-gas chromatography , in which the static phase is a solid and the mobile is gaseous.
On the other hand, according to the type of interaction between the stationary and mobile phases, we have the following types of chromatography:
- Adsorption chromatography , when the stationary phase is a solid and is capable of absorbing each element of the mixture by polar type interactions.
- Partition chromatography , when the separation of the mixture is caused by differences in the solubility of its components, both phases being liquid.
- Ion exchange chromatography , when the stationary phase is solid and has ionizable functional groups, capable of exchanging its charge with the mobile phase.
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Chromatography Examples
Some everyday examples of the application of chromatography are:
- Spilled wine on a white tablecloth . An accident at dinner time will allow us to observe, when the wine dries by contact with the air, the various substances that compose it. Each one will dye the fabric white with a different shade or color, thus being able to identify them separately, which would normally be impossible.
- Blood tests . Chromatography of blood samples is often carried out to identify the substances contained in it, normally imperceptible given that it is a very complex mixture. For this, the color that the blood reflects on a support or subjected to a specific light is observed.
- Urine tests . Like blood, urine is a mixture of various compounds, some solids and other liquids, whose presence or absence can reveal details about the functioning of the body. So a chromatographic separation can be carried out to fish for unusual residues, such as blood, salts, glucose or illegal substances.
- Review of a crime scene . Something we often see in the movies: researchers take fabrics, fibers, fabrics or other supports and observe the separation by adhesion of the different substances spilled on them, such as semen or blood, even when the naked eye could pass unnoticed
- Sanitary food checks . Starting from the fact that food specialists know the reaction of the components of the food when subjected to a chromatographic spectrum, this technique can be used to detail in a sample if there is any type of undue substance in it, product of microbial agents or of any type of contamination, before the product goes on the market and puts people’s health at risk. | https://whatmaster.com/what-is-chromatography/ |
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As per dictionary definition Chromatography is a method for separating the constituents of a solution(gas or liquid) by exploiting the different properties of different molecules. The technique employs a mobile phase(gas or liquid)to transport the solution to be analyzed through the stationary phase (solid or liquid)which absorbs or impedes different components of the solution to different degrees and thus causes their separation as different layers. It is an invaluable tool in the hands of analytical scientists for the separation and quantification of components in a mixture of organic compounds.
The technique had its origins in the pioneering work of Mikhail Tswett who separated plant pigments in 1900 using a packed glass column. As the separated pigments were differently coloured and separated as distinct bands the technique was coined as chromatography meaning separation by colours.
Over the years chromatography has evolved and advanced into versions such as HPLC, GC, HPTLC and SFC all of which to this day are based on the separation of mixture components through selective physico-chemical interactions and partitioning between the stationary and mobile phases.
Since its evolution chromatography has found wide use in separation of components of mixtures ranging from simplest gases to most complex hydrocarbon mixtures containing hundreds of different compounds. Samples can be gaseous, liquids or even solids which are readily soluble in suitable solvents. Due to its versatility the applications cover complete range of chemical compounds having diverse characteristics such as boiling range, molecular weights, volatilities, and thermal stabilities. Gas chromatography, Liquid chromatography, Thin-layer chromatography, Super critical fluid chromatography and hyphenated techniques such as GC – MS, and LC – MS cover a vast number of applications in diverse areas such as pharmaceuticals, material development, foods, petroleum products and forensic investigations requiring very high resolution and detection limits.
Separation of sample components before detection is the essence of chromatographic techniques. A chromatographic system uses a column to achieve the desired separation. A column comprises of a tube packed with a stationary phase on which separation takes place based on physico – chemical interactions of separating compounds with the stationary phase. The mobile phase or the carrier gas elutes less weakly retained components first followed by more strongly retained components.The column dimensions and composition is based on the chromatographic technique selected and the degree of required separation. In general HPLC columns are shorter and wider than GC columns.
After separation the individual components reach the detector which provides response in terms of the area or peak height depending on the amount of the eluting compound. Each chromatographic separation technique offers a range of detectors depending on the nature of eluting compounds. Detection can be specific for a particular compound or a range of compounds or it can depend on some physical properties such as reflective index of the mobile phase. Such detectors are referred to as bulk property detectors in comparison to selective or specific detectors.
Chromatographic separations appear as peaks in the chromatogram except for thin-layer chromatography for which separate zones are seen on the plate. Chromatographic peaks are separated in time in the chromatogram depending on the nature of separating compounds and the separation efficiency of the column. Sharp well resolved peaks indicate high degree of column resolution whereas broad or overlapping peaks are indicative of poor resolution.
Each peak represents a sample component and is characterized by its retention time under defined operating conditions. For purposes of quantification the peak height or more accurately the area under the peak defines the amount of the component present in the mixture.
Quantitation methods require percentage composition of a particular component in the mixture and such estimations are made on the presumption that the detector responds to all the components equally and peaks are generated for each compound.
Quite often the amount of analyte is specified in relation to another compound which is referred to as a reference standard having established traceability. Such compounds should be available in pure form and have chemical identity which is same or close to the identity of the analyte to be determined.
Modern-day analytical systems come equipped with sophisticated application softwares which are capable of operational control, data interpolation and calculations to achieve the desired results.
Now you have the answer to the basic question ‘What is chromatography?’you will be eager to know more about the chromatographic techniques .Simply register to our free courses and advanced certificate programmes listed under courses on the main menu.
I am woking with a drug laboratory now and I am learning a very good concepts with your lab training programme.But I wok with an AAS in our laboratory.But I don’t understand the standard addition techniques in AAS.
So, if you kindly give the proper concept of standard addition techniques in AAS instrument with an example elaborately I shall be grateful to you.
I believe that the concept is universal irrespective of the analytical technique.The only difference is that in case of chromatographic analysis it refers to adddition of the organic compound whereas in AAS it refers to addition of the same element in known concentration whose composition matches the sample composition.
Thanks a lot for ur update and most knowledgeable information regarding HPLC .M working in a petroleum compny I want to know whats application and parameter of HPLC AND GC for base oil SN 150,SN300 PLZ update me.
Hope you find the response useful for your applications.
Hello, I have the articles have been useful. I have been testing with capillary chromatography and electrophoresis. Basically I am using the device as LC(pressure over time) with added separation factors of the electricity. It seems to me that the sample preparation method has everything to do with accuracy and repeatability of results. My question: how does one create reference standards using the compounds? I have several phenol compounds(8-20) in solution using ethanol as liquid phase. I think I need to separate them as best I can, create two identical solutions and spike one with a reference, then test. Best regards, Desmo.
Yes you are right-sample preparation is the key to success of any analysis.As your application is specific it would be best for you to refer to literature or search the references of standard methods for getting best results for your separations.
I had learnt a lot from your lab training module. Plz send me the basics of Method Development for any compound/molecule/biomolecule to develop a method. And also plz give me suggestions on regarding pKa of molecule.
Thank you Mohan, we are working on some articles on method development and pKa and will be sharing them soon. | http://lab-training.com/2013/09/13/what-is-chromatography/ |
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Early applications of chromatography included noninstrumental techniques, such as column and paper chromatography as the name implies, these techniques often were used for the separation of colored components in a mixture. Students will use paper chromatography to separate ink molecules and identify the pen used on an unknown sample of handwriting students will graph and analyze data they. Biol 261 1 separation of amino acids by paper chromatography chromatography is a convenient and useful method for the separation of mixtures and for the. Paper chromatography for students utilizes cylinder-shaped filter paper, is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received .
Separation of photosynthetic pigments: paper chromatography print has been submitted by a student this is not an example of the work written by our professional . An introduction to high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and related topics explained for the beginner 10048919,ind,hs research [classic paper . They use alcohol and chromatography paper to separate the components of black and colored marker ink students witness first-hand how components of a solution can be .
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