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McDonalds Globalization in America Evaluation Essay McDonalds is an American fast food corporation that services various countries around the world. According to market survey conducted in 2013, this corporate entity supports operations in more than 119 countries and regions (Love, 2013). Since inception in 1940 as a restaurant, McDonalds sustains tremendous growth and expansion into diverse market segments. Its national and international operations anchor astute corporate ideals that define overall response to cues and triggers that characterize hospitality in contemporary society (Love, 2013). Initially, Richard and Maurice McDonald sought to provide culinary solutions to residents of Des Plaines, Illinois. However, the enterprise expanded into other regions due to proper planning and corporate strategies that sufficed through its vision and mission. Franchising is McDonalds’ market entry strategy (Love, 2013). A market entry strategy offers opportunity for corporations to venture into new markets. It supports distribution channels and paradigms that ultimately create impetus for survival and profitability with regard to such target markets. A market entry strategy also facilitates adherence to contracting and regulatory thresholds that suffice in new market thresholds (Love, 2013). Franchising is the ideal market entry strategy for McDonalds because it precipitates numerous advantages that bolster its stature as a global leader in food and hospitality industry (Keillor, 2011). McDonalds has an appropriate business model that suits franchising as a market entry strategy. The corporation has demonstrable vigour with regard to its approach and venture into target markets (Keillor, 2011). Its popularity in the local market bolsters its viability as a franchise in uncharted market territories. Franchising guarantees growth and expansion into new markets devoid of statutory and regulatory hiccups that characterize such ventures (Keillor, 2011). Numerous strategies suffice with regard to entry into new markets and establishment of international networks. Corporations should settle for market entry strategies that ameliorate operations and guarantee sustenance of ideals that define presence in the market (Keillor, 2011). Most entry strategies require prior planning because they present risks and challenges that could jeopardize operations within new and existing market thresholds (Keillor, 2011). Although McDonalds applies franchising as its sole market entry strategy, other strategies could suffice in its case. For instance, acquisitions and mergers could support its business model in foreign markets (Keillor, 2011). In this case, businesses buy into existing enterprises within the target market. This strategy is favourable for McDonalds because it offers stable customer base and networks that facilitate access to suppliers and other stakeholders in the market (Keillor, 2013). It also circumvents legal and regulatory challenges that often hinder establishment of new enterprises within foreign markets. However, this market entry strategy presents risks that could hinder initiation and propagation of operations in target market segments (Keillor, 2013). Whenever corporations seek to venture into new markets, they should consider geopolitical factors that could hinder operations. Such factors cripple business operations due to various unforeseen circumstances and realities (Keillor, 2013). For instance, political hostility between country of origin and target country affects perception and overall reception into the market. It is important to acknowledge the role played by such factors in facilitating commerce and industry (Keillor, 2013). McDonalds should focus on due diligence to establish various prevailing conditions that characterize operations with regard to target markets. Such undertakings create impetus for action and reaction to forces that manifest in diverse market thresholds. In absence of such efforts, it would be difficult for corporations to hone progress and sustainability in new markets (Keillor, 2013). References Keillor, B. (2011). Winning in the Global Market: A Practical Guide to International Business Success . London: ABC-CLIO. Keillor, B. (2013). Understanding the Global Market: Navigating the International Business Environment . London: ABC-CLIO. Love, J. (2013). McDonalds: Behind the Arches . Newyork: Paw Prints. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Why or why not? The efficacy of the project manager in the specified case is a rather controversial issue. At first glance, Zoe reaches the goal that was set at the beginning of the project – the murderers of her father are captured, and the death is avenged. Therefore, it can be assumed that Zoe, being at the helm of the project, has led the team to victory. On second thought, however, the project has suffered a range of issues in the process, some operations failing due to inappropriate risk management. For instance, Zoe has been captured by the enemies several times. The specified events could have affected the outcome of the entire project, triggering its immediate failure and putting every member in danger. The fact that Zoe is saved by Nico as opposed to wiggling her way out of the threat on her own (A cat in Paris, 2010), makes her skills as a leader and the manager of a project even more doubtful. The fact that she is rather clumsy as a project manager and that her success is driven by luck as opposed to careful planning is getting increasingly conspicuous as the movie plot unwraps. To put it simply, Zoe’s abilities in risk management and process monitoring leave much to be desired. Therefore, from the perspective of project management, Zoe’s skills can be viewed as mediocre. However, one may assume that reaching the project goal implies having professional skills that Zoe could not possibly have at her age and that required the guidance of a much more mature person. Therefore, making allowances for Zoe’s age, one may assume that she has done rather well for a project manager (Lyons & Wilker, 2012). Was the project team effective? Why or why not? As has been stressed above, the members of the project team were assisting Zoe with her investigation throughout the movie. Therefore, their contribution to the progress of the case and the identification of the criminals can be interpreted as quite impressive. In other words, the team can be characterized by high rates of dedication to the project goals. However, the team in the movie does not operate under the guidance of Zoe as a fully functioning project team is supposed to. Instead, the team members make decisions based on the scenario that they are supposed to address, which can be viewed as a positive characteristic, yet it does not contribute to the promotion of a well-coordinated action system in the team. However, the team status meetings, which the communication between Zoe and the rest of the members can be referred to as, may be viewed as a rather strong aspect thereof. One must admit, however, that the members of the team were recruited rather wisely, each of them contributing to the solution of the problem. The technological expertise thereof could also be viewed as solid, yet the credibility of Nino, who was technically a criminal, was quite doubtful. Regardless, the project team can be considered effective. Although the approach adopted to coordinate the team could use polishing, it can be viewed as rather efficient and, therefore, successful (Crowder & Friess, 2014). From the sociocultural dimension of project management, identify two areas of opportunity, and provide specific recommendations for improvement Addressing the area of opportunity known as leadership, one must mention that the project described above could use a better direction (Surette, 2014). As has been stressed above, Zoe as the manager of the project has to perform the basic leadership functions and guide the team members through the process of investigation. In addition, as a leader, Zoe also has to make sure that the functions, roles, and responsibilities are distributed reasonably among the team members. However, as the movie plot unwraps, one realizes that Zoe has rather weak control over the actions of her teammates. Therefore, the leadership issue can be viewed as rather questionable (Kerr, 2012). However, one may assume that she did an excellent job at motivating the participants to get involved in the project in the first place. The problem solving, in its turn, can be viewed as bearable. The characters have to face a range of unexpected situations that could have been addressed if more thought had gone into the development of a coherent problem-solving strategy. However, the approach that they adopt to escape the complicated situations that they get trapped in shows that they are capable of solving problems quite efficiently adopting the situational approach. From the technical dimension of project management, identify two areas of opportunity, and provide specific recommendations for improvement The project outcomes can be viewed as not quite expected for the manager. For instance, the fact that Zoe gains a father figure at the end of the movie building stronger relations with Nino, though rather predictable, is not included in the set of the project goals. Therefore, the scope of the project can be viewed as lacking focus (Maltz & Rice, 2015). Nevertheless, the manager reaches the goals set (i.e., identifying the murderer and avenging the father’s death). Therefore, the project has a somewhat blurred scope (Maltz & Rice, 2015). Reference List Girerd, J.-R. (2010). A cat in Paris . Bourg-lès-Valence : Folimage. Crowder, J. A., & Friess, S. (2014). Agile project management: Managing for success . New York, NY: Springer. Kerr, C. (2012). Multicultural family art therapy . New York, NY: Routledge. Lyons, N., & Wilker, M. (2012). Interactive project management: Pixels, people, and process . Berkeley, CA: New Riders. Maltz, M. D., & Rice, S. K. (2015). Envisioning criminology: Researchers on research as a process of discovery . New York, NY: Springer. Surette, R. (2014). Media, crime, and criminal justice . Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The event was breathtaking as Rafet El Roman, a popular Turkic pop musician, was performing at the concert. Rafet El Roman was born in the year 1968 in Turkey. This artist was and remains important even today because of his success in the music industry as well as the teachings that can be obtained from the pop concert, which relate to gender, empire, and globalization. Up to date, he plays pop music and ranks as a top star in Turkey (Karahasanoğlu and Skoog 67). The instruments employed by musicians who performed at the festival indicate how modernity has influenced many aspects of human life. Globalization has played a major role in spreading pop music across the globe. Though I expected to hear something very different at the concert, I found great familiarity with the instruments and musical rhythm. Globalization has unified music styles and instruments such that every style and instrument used in this concert was familiar to me. I am very familiar with the bass and acoustic guitars used at the concert. Moreover, the drums and wind instruments like Saxophones are not new to me as I have seen them in different other performances. Moreover, even though I could not understand a thing because the music was in Turkic, the rhythm was the same as that of English or Spanish pop music. Thus, I enjoyed the flow of the music altogether. Therefore, I now understand the role of globalization in the contemporary world. For gender, unlike in Sea of Poppies and Season of Migration to the North where women are treated as objects with little freedom, the Turkic women at the concert were not reserved for men as they laughed, had fun, and hung around with people of all genders from different places of the world. In the Season of Immigration to the North, Mustafa wanted to liberate Africa with his penis (Salih 120). It clearly shows that he was inclined to a school of thought that women should be objects of sex. Moreover, in Sea of Poppies, on her wedding night, Deeti’s mother kin law drugged her with opium so that her brother in law could consummate the marriage in case her infertile husband to be failed to do so (Ghosh 200), which underscored the place of women in the Indian society. At one time or another, we hold orientalists perspectives. For instance, I anticipated the Turkic women in the concert to put on traditional clothing and scarves on their heads. Even though a number of them wore the scarves, the majority did not. The dress code in this concert was liberal. Women sported trendy jeans and scanty tops, which did not present any conventional culture. Moreover, most women in this concert were secular as I could see them sipping wine and intermingling with men in a way that diverted from the conventional culture. Therefore, my orientalist’s perspectives and expectations were quashed by what I saw. I now appreciate the changes that have occurred in society. Concerning empires, Sea of Poppies shows the presence of the British Empire in India, while Season of Immigration to the North shows the British Empire in Sudan. However, the Turkic Countries (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) have also been part of huge empires. It has contributed to their shared history coupled with a shared language. In the concert, the element of the shared empire came out clearly for people from the Turkic bloc communicated efficiently due to shared language even though they came from different countries. Ultimately, I realized that cultures shared many elements because I experienced a different culture through the element of music. Even though I could not understand the language used at the concert, I read the Turkic culture through other elements, for instance, by looking at people’s attires, the way they behaved, the food they ate, and the sound and rhythm of the music. Initially, I was ambivalent in terms of how one culture related to another. However, this concert was a revelation that cultures are different in many aspects. They are interconnected not by language but by other elements like music. I shared a lot with some people at the concert who could speak in English or Spanish for we could speak in the same language. I now concur with Edgar AntístenesVesga-Arias, the director of International and Signature Services at the Memorial Hermann Medical Center, that knowledge in cultural practices of the target consumers may help businesses enhance their relationship with consumers. For instance, I realized that if I were selling something at the concert, I would need a thorough understanding of the Turkic culture and language to make any significant progress with my sales. Works Cited Ghosh, Umitav. Sea of Poppies . Delhi: John Murray, 2008. Print. Karahasanoğlu, Songül, and Gabriel Skoog. “Synthesizing Identity: Gestures of Filiation and Affiliation in Turkish Popular Music.” Asian Music 40.2 (2009): 52-71. Print. Salih, Tayeb. Season of Migration to the North . Oxford: Heinemann Press, 1969. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Impact of Blowing Drums on Air Pollution Essay According to the CSB report, BP failed to “implement or heed all the safety recommendations regarding the blowdown drums before the blast” (CSB, 2005). Earlier reports and safety studies showed that BP was aware of the danger lurking in blowdown drums. From 1991, Amoco had proposed the removal of the blowdown drums that vented into the atmosphere. However, the company did not implement the proposal due to budget constraints. OSHA had also notified Amoco of the unsafe design of such pressure releasing system. There had been several proposals to change the blowdown drums venting into the atmosphere. However, when BP took over, it remained focused on cost-cutting measures such that any safety recommendations were of limited concerns (CSB, 2005). Blowdown drums and stack work by accepting “the mixed liquid, and or vapour hydrocarbons from venting relief and blowdown valves during unit upsets or following a unit shutdown” (CSB, 2005). Normally, remnant hydrocarbon vapours separate themselves from the liquid and rise to the top of the stack and escape to the atmosphere. However, any heavy hydrocarbon vapours cool and fall to the bottom of the blowdown drum for subsequent collection. The problem is that, this system of discharging waste was dangerous according to the industry standards. Instead, the industry standards recommend that companies should discharge any waste direct into a sewer. BP also knew that the leftovers that pass through the blowdown drum were highly inflammable materials, and thus, the resulting explosion could be extremely dangerous. In addition, blowdown drums are potential sources of hazard. Despite all the recommendations of 1991, 1995, 1997, 2002 and 2004, BP did not take any corrective measures. The design system of the blowdown drum increased its usages. However, BP failed to carry out necessary changes to the system. Specifically, the company “failed to replace the internal baffles, decommissioning the quench system, and adding more inlets, which possibly reduced its effectiveness” (CSB, 2005). Most reports have indicated that BP ought to have installed flare systems or closed relief systems. These systems considerably reduce effects of such incidence. There are a number of reports and recommendations to suggest that BP knew of risks associated with the blowdown drums that vented into the atmosphere. The company also knew that the system was a source of danger to its refinery and the surrounding environment. For instance, BP Texas City Refinery safety standards of 1977 stated “the industry standards did not permit new blowdown stacks, and BP ought to have connected the blowdown drums to closed systems or flares when the operations of the company outgrew existing facilities, or when it made major modifications to the units” (CSB, 2005). There were subsequent changes to the blowdown drums since 1986. These changes were major replacements that increased the capacity of the blowdown drum. However, BP did not connect the system to any safe disposal unit like a flare. There is also evidence that, in the year 2002, BP engineers recommended connection of the discharge from the relief valves to a flare in an effort to conserve the environment. However, the company did not initiate any changes. BP ought to have implemented a well designed flare system that could contain hazardous discharged liquid in the blowdown drum and burn flammable vapour. This had the potential of eliminating all dangerous discharges into the atmosphere. Flare systems have been effective means of controlling disposal in the oil industry. Reference List CSB 2005, BP Texas City: Final Investigation Report, CSB, Texas. Krauss, C 2010, ‘Oil Spill’s Blow to BP’s Image May Eclipse Costs’, Times, vol.1 no. 1, pp. 1-3. Murray, B and Trevor, H 2010, ‘BP and Public Issues (Mis)Management’, Ivey Business Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-3. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Supportive Supervision in Schools Essay Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Analysis 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Abstract This essay is addressing the issues of teachers, their work place and their motivation, additionally analyzing the issue when the standards of trust and moral responsiveness which attributed to administrators and supervisors are higher than to teachers. Introduction In analyzing the administration and supervision as a general concept, some other issues such as responsibility and moral values should be addressed. This statement is especially true when the concept of administration is realized in such a work place as school. The school and the educational system as whole is combined of such factors as competency and effectiveness. However, these issues should be realized in different perspectives according to the teachers and indeed the school administration. Analysis School always reflects the processes of changes in the all spheres of the vital activities of people. The reconstructions in the society created real prerequisites for the democratization and humanizations of schools, for the renovation of control system of education. If understanding the motives, which impel man to be active, it is possible to purposefully influence his behavior and his performance. Analysis and actualization of motives have important significance for the administrative sectors. In addition it could be noted that leaders, teachers, trainer, who are familiar on how to motivate others, in general, reach considerable results. The motivation in general and the motivation of the teacher in particular, is one of the fundamental problems for psychology and pedagogy. Its significance for the educational practice is so great that the interest and the attention of the scientists to different aspects of this problem did not weaken for a period of many decades. As it should be considered that the students’ motivation is related directly to the teachers, and if coordinating the hierarchy structure, the motivation for the teachers could be directly addressed to the administration of the school. (Garubo & Rothstein, 1998, p. 130) The administrative role is usually facing dilemmas in making changes in choosing between the educational purposes and the structural reformations and these “dilemmas derive from a deeper, more fundamental tension that exists within the occupation of administrator” (Jacobson, Hickcox, & Stevenson, 1996, p. 7) The role of supervision or in case of the school, the administration should not be underestimated in the whole educational process. In enlightening the challenges that appear before the administration, it should be mentioned that “This challenge represents a moral challenge even more than it does a technical or managerial challenge. It calls on superintendents to take a profound responsibility in seeking to find an educational value in the storm. This challenge will require that leaders develop a more authentic and socially responsible kind of learning in schools.” (Starratt, 2004) Further more the responsibilities that lays upon the administration in general puts additionally can put risks connected with making crucial decisions, “A number of administrators said they were successful because they fostered and supported a climate that encouraged risk taking.” (Wendel, Hoke & Joekel, 1996, p. 132) However, the division of responsibilities could be risk taking by itself if assigning the tasks of the administration to the teacher, “empowering teachers to make decisions helped to foster an atmosphere of risk taking.” (Wendel, Hoke & Joekel, 1996, p. 132) In addressing the issue of motivation, it is obvious that in that sense the bond connecting the teachers and the administration is vital as the administration is working for the teachers at first place. (Garubo & Rothstein, 1998, p. 130) Conclusion If summarizing the previously stated, the tasks of the school divided between the administrative and educational personnel vary accordingly. The administration as the superior instance therefore has more responsibilities in ruling the whole educational process, although the role of the teacher is indeed important too. Works Cited Jacobson, S. L., Hickcox, E. S., & Stevenson, R. B. (Eds.). (1996). School Administration: Persistent Dilemmas in Preparation and Practice. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Garubo, R. C., & Rothstein, S. W. (1998). Supportive Supervision in Schools. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Starratt, R. J. (2004). Captains of the Ships: An Allegory about Moral Leadership in School Systems during Times of Turbulence. School Administrator, 61, 29+. Wendel, F. C., Hoke, F. A., & Joekel, R. G. (1996). Outstanding School Administrators: Their Keys to Success. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us” by Bill Joy Essay (Critical Writing) “ Why the future doesn’t need us” is an article authored by Bill Joy, co-founder and Chief Scientist at Sun Microsystems, co-chairman of the presidential commission on the future of IT research, and the co-author of The Java Language Specification . In this article, he discourses about his concerns relating to the dangers the new age technologies present. He categorizes these 21 st -century technologies as GNR: Genetic engineering, Nanotechnology, and Robotics, which pose the greatest threats to humankind. He voices his dilemma in front of the readers in relation to these technologies. Being a person working in the scientific arena himself, he contemplates the extent to which humankind should hunt for knowledge. In his opinion, at the present rate of advancement, things could soon spin out of control and our quest for knowledge and truth might endanger our own species along with others. At the outset of the article, the author reflects on his thoughts about the ethical aspects of scientific creation and tells the reader about the anxiety he experiences when he mulls over the perils the new age technologies might bring about. After having a discussion with others from the various relevant fields, he realizes that the far-fetched sci-fi ideas like downloading one’s consciousness into robots were essentially not very far away possibilities. He cannot refute these arguments as they come from quite credible sources and the logic behind these arguments also make some sense to him. This escalates his concerns. He points out that we have become used to new scientific inventions and discoveries. As for the future, he says that two possibilities face humankind. Either machines would be allowed to take decisions autonomously or else some control would be retained. He counters the argument that humans would not allow complete machine independence by saying that after a point in time the degree of dependability on machines would increase to such an extent that human beings would not be capable of complex decision-making. (Joy, 1) He cites examples from evolution history to establish the fact that it is the best species that always win the race of survival. As we go on developing new and more efficient technologies, he worries that it is almost perfect character might seduce us into relinquishing control to them. He singles out the most hazardous factor in new-age technologies like genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and robotic as self-replication. He refers to the attractive powers of each of these technologies: near-immortality promised by robotics, better and effective treatments offered by genetic engineering, and the capability of nano-medicine to address a wider range of hazards. Together they use of such technologies pledges to improve quality of living and average life span. On the other hand, the advances which bring us accretion of supremacy fetches great dangers in tandem. He compares them to old 20 th -century approaches, which he calls NBC: Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical technologies, which form the root of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Where a bomb could strike disasters just once the 21 st centuries technologies could increase its impact manifold by self-replicating. Further, WMDs required a lot of effort, practically inaccessible raw materials and information along carrying out large-scale activities. Threats from new technologies are even more perilous as knowledge alone can make their abuse possible. These knowledge-enabled mass destruction approaches do not require large and confidential facilities. These are being controlled by commercial organizations instead of national authorities due to their immense potential to exploit economic markets, which makes it even more deadly. The author presents his completely scientific career right from his childhood to his present endeavors and brings out all his achievements in the field of science. He does this in order to prove to the reader that he is not against progress or seeking knowledge. Here, he cites the example of his nurse grandmother who was against the excessive use of antibiotics. He just tries to put out a word of caution to the society that the scientific world holds immense possibilities that can revolutionize the world we live in but at the same time, it might take very little time to end up in the wrong hands and demonstrate its ill effects. Later in the article, the author extensively refers to the unavoidable causes and the devastating effects of the atomic and nuclear bombs on the history of humankind. He points out how the failure to relinquish the desire to create such powerful technology at the right time brought such harm to the human race. He strongly recommends taking a leaf out of that chapter and giving up the aggressiveness in seeking knowledge. He refers to his learning about utopian dreams. He states that it is perhaps time to modify our perception of utopia. He understands that relinquishing and verifying the relinquishment of GNR technologies would prove to be complicated. However, in his view, it is not impossible. With some effort and cooperation of those working in the field, we might just overcome the dangers of extinction. He advocates that these dangers are not common knowledge and should be taken up seriously by society, and on a personal level is trying to do so. It is not yet decided that whether we would succumb to the threats we face today or will prevail over them and continue to survive, but according to the author, we should at least realize the dangers and proceed with caution. Works Cited Joy, Bill; Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us” ; Wired; Issue 8.04; CondéNet. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Migrant and Immigration Issues in the US Society Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction I have always considered that immigration is helpful and important for the US. People coming from other countries contribute greatly to our economy, as well as other spheres. However, while I admitted the role of immigrants, I had never realized how hard it was for those people to accommodate to the entirely new environment. Reading John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Helena María Viramontes’s Under the Feet of Jesus altered my understanding of the problems related to migration and immigration. These novels helped me see the numerous issues faced by individuals who were forced to change their native place for another country. Main body Immigration is one of the hottest topics in the US society, many people considering that immigrants take away jobs and other advantages from the US citizens. However, evidence indicates that the country’s economy benefits because of people coming from foreign lands at least in three aspects. According to the immigration attorney Jacob Monty, the advantages refer to the spheres of entrepreneurship, food supply, and security, and the job market (“Immigration Vital To U.S. Economy” 9). Maynard also notes that blaming migrants for taking jobs from “native-born workers” is not warranted. On the contrary, immigrants frequently fill low-wage jobs that the Americans are not willing to take, such as dishwashing or home building (Maynard). Research by Bohanon and Curott shows that $2 trillion is annually contributed to the gross domestic product by immigrants. Goldstone also notes that migrants are important for the economy since their wages have no effect on those of native-born Americans. All of the mentioned pieces of evidence and opinions coincide with my prior attitude towards immigrants and their role in U.S. society. However, what I did not know was the additional hardships that those people experienced. Not only do they work harder for lower salary but they also have to sacrifice many things that constitute their identity when they move to another country or even another state. In Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath , the hardships of a family that has to travel from Oklahoma to California in search of a better life are depicted. One of the main characters, Casy, describes the immigration hardships in the following way: “Fella gets use’ to a place, it’s hard to go” (Steinbeck 34). In these words, all the sorrow of migrating people is enclosed. They have to leave their houses, all of their belongings, graves of their deceased family, childhood memories, and many other things that someone who has never been forced to leave one’s native land never imagines. The narrator’s grandmother, Ma Jones is devastated when she realizes when will have to leave her home place. She says, “I never had my house pushed over <…> I never had my fambly stuck out on the road. I never had to sell ― ever’thing ― Here they come now” (Steinbeck 52). This desperate expression of the ache one experiences before moving is echoed in millions of voices of present-day immigrants. Meanwhile, instead of offering these people support, the native-born Americans offend immigrants and try to depreciate their contribution to the country’s development and prosperity. George J. Borjas, a Hispanic immigrant, and Harvard professor have dedicated much of his career to explaining how much immigrants lose in comparison to how much they add to the development of the US (VerBruggen 38). I think he has a point because indeed, these individuals are merely victims of the situation. If they had an opportunity to be treated equally with the U.S. citizens, they could earn much more and provide for their families. Instead, they only contribute to our economy and happiness, having no time to think of their own joy. The second novel, Under the Feet of Jesus , written by Viramontes, also had a great impression on me. The author describes the hardships of a family of laborers, emphasizing the many things that can affect these people’s living conditions. “It was always a question of work, and work depended on the harvest, the car running, their health, the conditions of the road, how long the money held out, and the weather” (Viramontes 12). Then, the author sums it all up with an ironic statement: “which meant they could depend on nothing” (Viramontes 12). These and other excerpts from the book demonstrate that even when people are working very hard, they cannot be sure that their efforts will be properly rewarded. The book by Viramontes deepened my sympathy toward immigrants and their strenuous work. Conclusion There is much statistical evidence of migrants’ beneficial effect on the US economy. Although many citizens are opposed to giving immigrants employment, they are not willing to take the low-paid jobs. Meanwhile, non-native-born individuals are willing to do anything to be able to save their families from starvation. The novels by Steinbeck and Viramontes intensified my positive attitude towards immigrants and made me feel even more respect for these brave people who sacrifice many things to come to the US and help develop its economy. Works Cited Bohanon, Cecil, and Nick Curott. “ Increasing immigration would help economy. ” Indianapolis Business Journal . 2018. Business Collection . Web. Goldstone, Jack. “ The U.S. Needs More: Without Young Workers, the Economy Can’t Grow. ” Reason . 2018, Business Collection . Web. “Immigration Vital To U.S. Economy.” USA Today . 2018, p. 9. Business Collection . Web. Maynard, Micheline. “Immigrants and the Economy.” CQ Researcher . 2017. Web. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath . The Viking Press, 1939. VerBruggen, Robert. “Harvard’s George J. Borjas: Adding up the Cost of Uncontrolled Immigration.” The American Conservative . 2017, pp. 37-41. Global Issues in Context . Web. Viramontes, Helena María. Under the Feet of Jesus . Plume, 1996. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Shawangunk Correctional Facility Essay The criminal situation in the world has changed greatly. The violence, murders and other criminal actions are committed every day, and police is doing everything to catch criminals and to take them in jail. There are a lot of jails on the territory of the United States of America which are aimed to hold criminals under the guard. Shawangunk Prison is considered to be one of the most secured places for male criminals. This prison is almost impossible to escape from, and the most dangerous criminals are staying there. The prison is situated in the peaceful rural valley of Wallkill in New York. More than half of the prisoners, that is 56%, are serving life sentences. The jail has its own government, which consists of approximately 10 – 14 people, who are called the Men’s Council of Shawangunk. The leader of this group is Harris Breiman, 40 years old. His strong consideration is that criminals in jails should not just be bodies in the warehouse, but should come through the rehabilitation, what is happening in his prison right now. The prison is aimed to help people to understand the badness of their actions and to improve (Sabo et al 2001). The prison was created in 1983 and was ready for exploitation in 1986. The prison is situated close to the Wallkill Correctional Facility in order to share the services and with this aim to reduce the expenses. The prison is full of murders, violent criminals and others, who committed terrible crimes. Minor burglars, dunkers, drag sellers do not appear in the malls of Shawangunk Prison, as their actions are too small to keep them in the prison of such destination. Only the most severe and cruel crimes are punished by Shawangunk Prison. As it was already mentioned, the prison is impossible to escape from, in spite of the fact that there were some incidents. The New York Times from November 8, 1994 announces that four men were trying to escape. They managed to avoid the high level of security and leave the walls of Shawangunk Prison. Fortunately, they were caught that very night (Steinberg, 1994). That situation was the first since the prison existing, when criminals managed to leave the prison themselves, but still their escape did not any success. Since that last attempt to escape has passed 15 years and no other same cases appeared, that says about real high level of the security in the prison. Considering the situation about the programs, which are provided in the prison, and the Harris Breiman’s way of rehabilitation of criminals, it necessary to mention that criminals in prison do not stay without work. They are busy with plumbing, electricity, carpentry or any other facilities which may help them in future life if they are sentenced for some time, or just to occupy them with any job if they are sentenced for life. Work ennobles, so it is crucial for prisoners to work as idleness leads to brain inactivity and people may want to provide some criminal actions. So, Shawangunk Prison is one of the most secured prisons in the United States of America and people are really scared when they see it. In spite of the very strong discipline and severe rules, the Shawangunk Prison has an aim to rehabilitate people who appeared there, to shift their way of thinking and to make them feel sorry for their wrong life conduction. Any prison is an awful place and as one writer said that prison is a place where “you hear about friend’s divorce and you did not know that he was married” (Christianson 2006-49). Works Cited 1. Christianson, Scott. Innocent: Inside Wrongful Conviction Cases. NYU Press, 2006 2. Sabo, Donald F., Kupers, Terry Allen, and London, Willie James. Prison masculinities. Temple University Press, 2001 3. Steinberg, Jacques. 4 Men Caught After Fleeing State Prison Tuesday. New York Times. 1994 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Valuation of Privatized Businesses and Subsidiary Valuation Report (Assessment) Valuation of privatized businesses Valuation of equity shows the value of a company based on its current assets and its position in the market. The valuation is of significance to potential shareholders and debt providers to know how the shares of the company perform in the market. The challenges in the valuation of companies differ between the developed and developing countries (Gibson, 2011). Besides, challenges might be more difficult for privatized companies that were previously owned by the government in developed and developing countries. There are several reasons why the valuation of privatized businesses previously owned by the governments of developing countries is more difficult than valuations of existing firms in developed countries. The first reason is the fact that the future cash flows that are associated with privatized ventures are not certain since the ventures were previously operating within environments of monopoly or very little competition (Eugene & John, 2009). This means that the valuation of the privatized venture might not be easy. Besides, there exists very minimal and unreliable data in the developing countries as compared to the developed countries (Hitchner, 2011). This means that the valuation process might lack the relevant data that is significant in establishing the net worth of such businesses (Wainwright, 2012). The third reason is the uncertain economic dynamics and conditions in the developing countries, which make it difficult to integrate the economic conditions in the valuation as compared to the developed countries (Wainwright, 2012). The economies of the developing countries have very uncertain estimates of the exchange rate. This makes it difficult to predict the true value of privatized businesses that were previously owned by the government. Moreover, the local cost of project financing within developing countries is unpredictable due to a series of swings, which make it difficult to value the privatized businesses (Eugene & John, 2009). Notwithstanding, “the lack of established stock markets in developing countries prevents an MNC from deriving a value for a business based on comparable publicly held firms” (Wainwright, 2012, p. 33). The lack of well-established stock markets in developing countries would prevent these privatized ventures from getting the business value as a result of comparative advantage to other publically traded businesses. The last reason for the difficulty in the valuation of a privatized company that was previously owned by the government in developing countries is that the government might decide to retain a portion of the firm. This decision might lead to serious conflict in the control of such a venture in the long term (Hitchner, 2011). The partial ownership of a private firm in developing countries translates into some element of interference with the performance and management of such a venture. Subsidiary valuation The subsidiary valuation may have to reduce as a result of a reduction within the cash flow. This means that the “potential buyers may not be willing to pay an amount that even reflects the present value of the expected future cash flows” (Subramanyam, 2013, p. 56). This is because the subsidiaries might affect the expected cash flows in the future in the case of the Asian market. Therefore, a U.S.-based MNC might not sell all its Asian subsidiaries because the parent company should retain some of the subsidiaries when they cannot be sold at a price that is equivalent to their particular values in the market (Ormiston, 2006). References Eugene, B., & John, M. (2009). Financial management theory and practice. New York, NY: South-Western Cengage Learning. Gibson, C.H. (2011). Financial reporting and analysis . San Diego, CA: Cengage Learning Publishing Company. Hitchner, J. (2011). Financial valuation: Applications and models . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Ormiston, F. (2006). Understanding financial statements . New York, NY: Cram 101 Incorporated. Subramanyam, J. (2013). Financial statement analysis . New York, NY: McGraw- Hill Education. Print. Wainwright, S. (2012). Principles of accounting . San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
According to Geert Hofstede, a Dutch researcher specialising in both management and psychology, the culture of the people who are doing business affects the drafted deal directly (“Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory,” n.d.). It is necessary to understand cultural differences and similarities as proposed by the cultural dimensions theory, which aims to facilitate business practices, to analyse Hofstede’s work critically through real-life business examples. Countries do not need to be disconnected geographically or historically for their cultures to be different. America and the UK have differences regarding goal setting, earning 26 and 51 points respectively, while Canada and Australia agree on how close power-holders should be to society, with 39 and 36 points (“Country comparison,” n.d.). This concept of power distance is similar for all four countries, just like the concept of indulgence: 71 points for Australia, 68 for Canada, 69 for the UK, and 68 for the United States (“Country comparison,” n.d.). Ranking them from lowest to highest by a predisposition to being comfortable when faced with uncertainty results in a list started by the UK (35), followed by the US (46), Canada (48), and Australia (51) (“Country comparison,” n.d.). Additionally, the masculinity scores of the UK (66), the US (62), and Australia (61) are opposed by Canada’s femininity (52) (“Country comparison,” n.d.). Similar ratings should mean that British and American businesspeople should not perceive each other differently, which, however, is not true. Understanding these metrics could be simple if one is open to the idea of a scale deciding the cultural face of each country. Thus, Hofstede’s theory bases itself on four dichotomies and two indexes that reflect the culture of each country (Browaeys & Price, 2015). Indices of Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance, collectivism vs individualism, femininity vs masculinity, short-term vs long-term orientation, and restraint vs indulgence are Hofstede’s conceptions, which rank countries from zero to one hundred (“Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory,” n.d.). These metrics indicate that, overall, “the USA can have a tough time while working with… Mexico, Russia or Pakistan,” without, however, analysing situational non-cultural influences (Khan & Panarina, 2017, p. 18). Additionally, Hofstede’s theory does not take into account the personal factor, outlining people as propagators that exist in a homogenous culture (Touburg, 2016). Thus, applying Hofstede’s work to British American Tobacco’s (BAT) Brazilian-born CEO, Nicandro Durante, could lead to delineating culture clash, not the whole tobacco sector’s decline, as causing the company’s current shortcomings. While Hofstede’s theory may present a rough outline of a country’s overall culture, living people may be more than the product of their surroundings. Using BAT as one example of a multinational company, independent of one single country’s cultural structure allows anticipating the extent of the modern world’s disparity. Today culture may be more extensive than national or ethnic brackets, making flexibility a timeless skill for a businessperson, rather than adherence to a rulebook definition. References Browaeys, M. J., & Price, R. (2015). Understanding cross-cultural management (3rd ed.). London, UK: Pearson. Country comparison . (n.d.). Web. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory . (n.d.). Web. Khan, M. A., & Panarina, E. (2017). The role of national cultures in shaping the corporate management cultures: A four countries theoretical analysis. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, 4 (1), 1-25. Web. Touburg, G. (2016) National habitus: An antidote to the resilience of Hofstede’s “national culture”? Journal of Organizational Change Management, 29 (1), 81-92. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. All People Are Equal 3. People Should Elect Their Rulers 4. A Conservative Idea 5. Conclusion 6. Reference List Introduction Thomas Paine revealed a number of liberal ideas in his work “Common Sense”. He considered the society as it was in his lifetime. He traced the development of the western society throughout centuries. He revealed wrongs of that society. He also suggested a specific way to develop. He outlined major concepts necessary for the rightful society. It is necessary to note that Paine provided a lot of liberal ideas, but he also remained conservative in some points. All People Are Equal One of major liberal ideas introduced in the work is the idea of equality. Thus, Paine notes that “[m]ankind being originally equals in the order of creation” could not follow rules based on the principle of inequality (Paine, 2011, n.p.). This is one of the central principles of liberals. Liberals have postulated that people are created equal and they must share equal opportunities. Paine mentions the royal family and notes that the very existence of the king in the society is a sign of its being wrongful. Paine claims that “no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever” (Paine, 2011, n.p.). The author notes that some people deserve a greater degree of honor for some deeds. However, this has nothing to do with the inherited right to enjoy such honor. This belief that all people are created equal makes the work liberal. People Should Elect Their Rulers One more liberal idea revealed in the work is that people should elect their rulers. Paine states that societies cannot be entrusted to a person or a group of people according to the rules of heredity. The author notes that this leads to corruption and usurpation of power. Thus, people who introduce rules should be chosen by the society. These people should be representatives of many groups of the society. Again, this is one of central arguments of liberals who believe that people have the capacity to regulate their lives. In other words, people are free from any outside authority as the rules imposed are created by those who reveal the will of these people. Remarkably, Paine notes that people should elect their rulers quite often and those elected can have the chance to return into the society to understand the needs of people. According to Paine, this “frequent interchange will establish a common interest with every part of the community” (Paine, 2011, n.p.). Admittedly, this can also be qualified as a liberal idea. A Conservative Idea However, the idea of certain governance is still conservative. Thus, liberals believe people should be free from any restrictions as any individual should decide for himherself what is right. At the same time, Paine claims that people tend to live in societies as they cannot live in isolation. Paine also admits that there is “the necessity of establishing some form of government to supply the defect of moral virtue” (Paine, 2011, n.p.). This idea can be qualified as “classical conservative” as conservative believe people cannot be free from regulations. Conclusion To sum up, it is possible to note that Paine reveals many liberal ideas in his work. Thus, he states that all people are equal and there can be no hereditary authority. The thinker also claims that people should select those who impose regulations. At the same time, Paine remains conservative in certain points. Thus, he claims that people still need some regulations and governing bodies which can be qualified as a conservative idea. Reference List Paine, T. (2011). Common Sense . Retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/ | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Pfizer- Puffery or Deception Essay Organizations operate in a highly competitive environment. Therefore, it is critical for an organization to produce high quality products that meet customer expectations. However, production of high quality products is not enough, an organization must engage in extensive product promotion campaigns to increase customer awareness on the products. An organization should formulate a product promotion campaign in such a manner that it would elicit customer interest and portray the product as superior to other products in the market. However, in some instances, a company may be tempted to lie to customers in effort to increase its sales. An organization may engage in puffery or false advertising. Puffery is simply making exaggerated claims about a product. An organization may engage in puffery by using provable superlatives in the advertisements. Such superlatives include ‘new improved, best, and super’ (Salinger 652). Puffery is common in various advertising campaigns. An organization may also engage in false or deceptive advertising through giving false claims on the product. The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) considers false advertising as a fraud. Pfizer is a leading pharmaceutical company that produces the drug Lipitor. Lipitor is one of the best drugs for lowering cholesterol. Cholesterol is the main cause of cardiac diseases. Therefore, it is vital for the company to formulate advertising campaigns that would portray the drug as being beneficial to the heart. The company sought the help of Dr. Robert Jarvik to in promoting the image of the drug. Association of the drug with Dr. Javik would greatly improve the image of the drug, as Dr. Javik is an inventor of an artificial heart. However, Dr. Javik is not a practicing physician. Inclusion of Dr. Javik in the advertising would greatly improve the image of the drug regardless of what he says in the advertisements. Consumers would easily trust the claims of an individual who invented an artificial heart. However, since Dr. Javik is not a practicing physician, he has no right to feature in medical advertisements. Regardless of whether the claims in the advertisement involving Dr. Javik are right or wrong, the company is involved in puffery. It is a fact that Lipitor is one of the best drugs for reducing cholesterol available in the market. However, being the best drug in reducing cholesterol does not guarantee that the company that customers will embrace the drug. The company must still engage in extensive marketing campaigns. One of the strategies that the company may use to promote use of the drug is through collaboration with various renowned hospitals that treat heart patients. Getting the endorsements of the hospitals would greatly improve the image of the drug. The company may also involve patients who have had positive results after using the drug in its future advertising campaigns. A company should ensure that it does not engage in puffery or deception through its advertising campaigns. Puffery usually involves making exaggerated claims on a product. Deception refers to a situation where a company makes tricks the customer into buying products through making false claims. The difference between deception and puffery is that whereas puffery is making exaggerated claims, deception is making outright false claims. Therefore, deception is injurious to the consumer. FTC considers deception illegal (Blocher 13). In future, Pfizer an avoid puffery or deception by avoiding making exaggerated or false claims of its products. Works Cited Blocher, Harald. Advertising ethics – an oxymoron? Santa Cruz, CA: Grin Verlag, 2008. Print. Salinger, Lawrence M. Encyclopedia of white-collar & corporate crime , Volume 1. London: SAGE publications, 2005. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Dolphins Sleeping Pattern Essay Sleep is a very essential part of animals. Different animal species are associated with a given sleep behavior although there is no exact phylogenetic boundary used to define sleep occurrences. The different forms of sleep have also not been identified. This is due to the fact that different studies based on the sleeping behaviors of animals have established varying sleep topographies. For example, some mammals are associated with a more rapid movement of the eye compared to other mammals that show a slower eye movement (Parmeggiani, 2011). Through natural selection, dolphins are able to develop unihemispheric sleep. Therefore, dolphins are capable of maintaining high levels of consciousness due to the respiratory requirements of their surrounding (Bentley, 2009). Dolphins can rest for a relatively long period of time due to unihemispheric sleep. In addition, echolocation assists dolphins to monitor their immediate surroundings in the process of securing themselves from predators. For instance, they can easily identify the actual positions of foreign objects by making use of generated echoes. This is the best way through which they protect themselves. However, the ability of dolphins to maintain continuous vigilance is not known. According to Lymin et al. (2006), cetaceans keep on swimming mainly as a way of avoiding obstacles. During this period, they do not close their eyes as well. This is a protective measure that ensures their safety against possible predators. Lymin et al. (2006) note that dolphins’ sleep is associated with a unihemispheric pattern that helps them to keep swimming even when they are asleep. According to Manger, Ridgway and Siegel (2003), the unihemispheric waves are linked to the closure of bottlenose and contralateral eyes of the dolphins and are usually assumed to be sleeping when one of the eyes remains closed. In order to rest, dolphins do not make any movement for a considerably long period of time. They prefer to rest at the bottom or water surface. In many instances, dolphins rest by way of swimming. During this time, they usually execute an exceedingly slow motion while swimming. Lyamin et al. (2006) observe that the immobile state of dolphins either at the bottom or surface of the water is a typical sleeping behavior. Lyamin et al (2008) assert that dolphin’s respiration control occurs at the thalamocortical level and not in the respiratory centers that are usually found in the pontomedullary junction. This is an indication that dolphins lack self-sustained breathing because their respiratory process is not totally voluntary. According to Gubbins (2002), bottlenose dolphins are not capable of breathing when they are sleeping. This is an indication that dolphins will have to wake up in order for them to breathe. The main reason why dolphins sleep with one eye is due to their security. This behavioral pattern enables dolphins to scan the surrounding environment to ensure that they are safe from predators. Lyamin et al (2008) continue to add that dolphin’s respiration may be triggered by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors and occurs in a totally different manner compared to other mammals. Inoue and Borbely (1985) are unanimous that there are two reasons that can be used to explain the unihemispheric sleep pattern among cetaceans. The first reason is that it enables them to float on the surface in order to breathe. In addition, it helps them to maintain a steady posture in a medium that is believed to be moving continuously. References Bentley,E. (2009). Awareness: Biorhythms, Sleep and Dreaming . New York: Routledge. Gubbins, C. M. (2002). The dolphins of Hilton Head: Their natural history . Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press. Inoue, S. & Borbely, A. (1985). Endogenous Sleep Substances and Sleep Regulation . London: VSP. Lyamin, O.I et al (2006).Sleep behavior: Sleep in continuously active dolphins. Nature 441 (2), 9-11. Lyamin, O.I et al (2008).Cetacean sleep: An unusual form of mammalian sleep. Neuroscience and Behavioural reviews 32 (1), 1452-1484. Manger, P.L., Ridgway, S.H. & Siegel, J.M (2003). Fast TRACH: The locus coeruleus complex of the bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops Truncates ) as revealed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. J. Sleep Res 12 (4), 149-155. Parmeggiani, P. L. (2011). Systemic homeostasis and poikilostasis in sleep: Is REM sleep a physiological paradox? London: Imperial College Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What are Some of the Ways in which Modern Culture is “Fatalistic?” Essay There are numerous ways through which the modern culture is ‘fatalistic’. Observably, Greeks had a unique perception on gods. For example, they viewed them to be unpredictable in their roles. An analytical examination of these ancient Greeks together with their beliefs indicates a notable disparity with the present day practices. Humanistic perception, predominantly present within the globalized world, resembles the Greeks’ convictions on man’s role within the cosmos. Within the current society, several individuals have replaced the ancient Greek’s beliefs and gods with politicians. Particularly, the waves approach has played a critical role in the transformation and disregard of the ancient Greeks’ critical perception of events and actions. Politicians have presently deviated from the ancient norms of the Greek. Thus, most of them assume risky and fallacious initiatives or ideological opinions. These have misled the general society and even the rule of law. Concurrently, fatalities are observable in the gross mistakes eminent within the political arena and governance systems. For instance, most politicians have accented to and passed legal bills that are potentially detrimental. Presently, such undertakings have been conducted without thorough examination or scrutiny. As a result, a lot of fatalities have been committed. Similarly, in comparison to the Zeus’ potential to transform the lives of several individuals through his daily choices in the rule of the ancient Greek, the bills passed fallaciously have this capacity also. Observably, the competency of Zeus to make choices depending on his mood is an action that immensely manipulated the lives of the normal Greeks. This is similar to any present bill. For instance, in America, whenever the Congress’s mood rests on passing any bill and welcome the aftermaths minus thorough initial research, it remains a fatalistic occurrence. In such contexts, even their point of view becomes largely fatalistic. The present general society conducts its elections with utmost good faith and objective. In such actions, the ambition and chief objectives of the general populace is to trust the elected leaders. Leaders are disallowed to alter state laws in order to fulfill their individual interests. Conversely, most of these leaders operate capriciously; opting to fulfill their personal interests as well as those their mates within the general authority. This situation remains observably similar to the practices within the ancient Greek. For instance, Zeus tried to please personal interests and those of other colleagues within the authority. The general society presently lives in the state of complacency. As observed, most persons disregard the rule of law reputed from the government. Evidently, this disregard of the government’s supremacy in the exercise of authority is depicted within the ancient Greeks’ culture. The presence and acceptance of several gods within the ancient Greek is also remarkably depicted in the present society. This is because the present society welcomes and embodies all kinds of religions and worships. However, the general acceptance of these diverse religions provides the present society with credence. Consequently, this subjects Christians to fatalistic lives. Christians’ study of distinct types of religion within the present society enables them to comprehend various belief systems. It is notable that such endeavors never transform their minds, souls, or beliefs. However, the present general society has condemned Christians’ convictions. For many Christians, the perception that the general community condemns their convictions is their subjection to fatalistic mentality deeply rooted within their culture. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How the movie portrays traditional Chinese values Essay In the Chinese culture, it is young men and women’s responsibility to look after their aging parents. Their culture teaches that young people must respect their elders and assist them in their old age, a role that has been well played by Jia-Jen, a character in the movie. She plays the role of the master’s oldest daughter. The Chinese culture is also characterized by food and as we see, the master, Tao Chu, has always been preparing food for his three daughters. This movie shows a rich Chinese culture of blending varieties of food, which is a core activity in China. The three daughters live with their father, which is the tradition in China until they are ready to get married. The elder sister has gone against the norm in terms of religious traditions and she is an adherent of the Christian piety. The three-daughters have been influenced by foreign cultural behaviors and their ways of life are no longer aligned with the Chinese culture. The family’s close relationship takes a significant turn when the three daughters go against the norms. The movie shows the ethnic and sexual conflicts in the Chinese family. As the father prepares a meal every Sunday for his daughters, the educated and modernized girls view this as a punishment except for Jia-Chien who apparently loves traditional food. Jia-Jen is unmarried and decides to get romantically involved with a volleyball coach. This contravenes the Chinese culture, which assumes that a man should pursue a woman. The youngest daughter gets pregnant due to her irresponsible sexual behavior, which again shows a broken moral fabric in the Chinese society. The concept of Yin-Yang The movie depicts the concept of Yin-Yang very clearly by showing how relationships among the family depend on other social interactions. The concept of Yin-Yang shows that every natural duality is a complementary force as opposed to being a conflicting one. The concept of the man and woman duality is very well displayed showing its impact on family balance when the youngest daughter gets into a romantic affair with the coach. The family relationship drifts and the bond in the family weakens. This conflicts the notion of Yin-Yang, which maintains that duality, is about complementing rather than contradicting each other. Men and women are depending on each other and therefore there is a natural intrinsic need within a man and a woman to join as a husband and wife. Religious or worldly humanism The movie is a reflection of this worldly humanism as opposed to the normal religious affiliations. The conflict in the family and the worldly view of human efforts to make life better has nothing to do with religion. The three daughters are professionals working hard to sustain their lives in a world of secularism. The movie promotes the notion of Yin-Yang, which is a secularist belief of human existence in pursuit for happiness. Westernization and the Chinese values At the end of the movie, we can see some tension building among the family a factor that threatens the relationship between the three daughters and their father. Westernization has brought detrimental changes in the Chinese culture hence the irresponsible sexual behavior as portrayed in the youngest daughter’s role. Education has also played a big role in promoting secularism and destroying the rich Chinese cultural background. Therefore, the movie seems to show that education has been used by the west to infiltrate and influence their culture among the Chinese people. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Analysis of Landownership in the West Essay The American West has always been and continues to be home to numerous groups of heterogeneous Aboriginal people who have formed their different ideas about place, space, and landscape formation. They have, of their own free will or under compulsion, settled territories and interacted with other people at various times. Examples of such actions will be discussed in this paper and a statement related to the formation of landscape morphology, both natural and cultural will be investigated. There are various examples of the impact of geography on the trivialization of Native Americans in the United States, but of these, I would like to discuss two specific examples. The first has to do with the European conquest of the Western Hemisphere, after which Native Americans faced the fact that they were no longer able to manage space as they were used to. The conquerors immediately began to interpret their paradigms of division, forcing the Indians to migrate from one place to another while limiting these movements as much as possible. The primary difficulties arose with the arrival of the Spanish, then as the European colonies came in, things got worse and worse. The Greater Antilles and many of the neighboring lands quickly became desolate, the Pacific coast was depopulated, and the population in the areas of the ancient civilizations decreased significantly. As for the Americas to the north and west, colonization came a little later, but with no less enthusiasm. The life of the Indians was one of forced labor in the fields and workshops, and they were forced to separate from their families; they were forced to renounce religion, they were severely punished if people tried to escape. Secondly, Western culture was influenced in all spheres of life, including their relationship with nature and other people. Of the many forced settlers, the Cherokee, one of the so-called Five Civilized Tribes, is the most notorious, for whom the Trail of Tears was the result, despite their willingness to adopt traits of Euro-American culture. The most blatant manipulation was not even the removal of the Indians from their lands, habitual environment, and habitat, but the destruction of Indian families. The doctrine of the landscape is, first of all, geography; all phenomena on the Earth’s surface are landscape components. It is accepted to distinguish between natural and cultural landscapes. The first is the unity of natural bodies – water, air, soil, plants, and many others. Such are either “virgin” landscapes, of which there are very few and very far from cities, or our idea of those places where we do not notice or where we exclude the traces of human activity. . Culture forms the landscape, experiencing an apparent dependence on its biological basis. But the cultural landscape itself is an imprint of the whole culture, and under the coherence of both culture and geography, it is a peculiar document. In my view, the entire process of colonization of the Americas is an example of challenging the formed morphology of the landscape. In turn, natural examples of such contestation are the migrations associated with challenging living conditions in certain areas, such as the westward migration from the northern lands of the north of Shoshone, who lived in what is now Nevada, the Rocky Mountains being a more attractive alternative terrain for them due to its territorial features and the absence of much open terrain. Another interesting example is the relocation of the Cheyenne, who tried to stick to settlements along the Missouri River. Western Culture has significantly impacted landscape form, and as scientists are concerned, these impacts were rational and planned (Boyle, 2021). The Native American approach to space and habitat is characterized by a more conscious understanding of man’s relationship to nature and the natural elements that also shape the landscape. Space is much more than an abstract concept, so Native American perceptions of space are not identical to Euro-American perceptions. Work Cited Boyle, Mark. Human Geography: An Essential Introduction . Wiley, 2021. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Modern China in “Chronicle of a Blood Merchant” by Yu Hua Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction In Chronicle of a Blood Merchant, the people of China are under the reign of Chairman Mao and there is a vivid realistic portrait of life in modern China during Chairman Mao’s reign. Chronicle of a Blood Merchant depicts the life of Xu Sanguan, a factory worker during the early 1950s and thereby traces the history of China when socialism burgeoned, when there was the disastrously ambitious economic collectivization of the Great Leap Forward in 1958, the aftermath of the 3-year famine, and the factional violence of Cultural Revolution in 1966 to 1976. As the subject is family oriented the author explores the social aspects of Chinese life during the period as well. Main body The book is set in the 1950s, the time China under the grip of Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward. In the backdrop of poverty, Yu Hua explores the social and economic aspects of Chinese life under the red flag. Men sold blood to survive and to prove their masculinity. In the countryside men who had not sold blood could not even get themselves a wife. Unable to sustain his family, Xu Sanguan, a cart pusher at a silk mill sells blood in order to feed his family. Blood being a limited resource – it takes a huge physical and emotional toll on him. Politics and social relations are intertwined. During the collectivization of the Great Leap Forward, when public institutions were turned into canteens, Xu Sanguan explains to his wife that they will now eat dinner at the opera house: “You know where the kitchen is? Right on the stage.” During the famine, the family of Xu Sanguan is able to rise only twice a day from their beds to eat watery rations of corn gruel. This plot allows the author to trace the history of China under Mao while studying human life as well. Xu Sanguan love for Xu Yulan, his pain at finding out that Yiles is not born to him and finally his overwhelming love for him offer a rich framework to study interpersonal relations. The dynamics of the family continue to change throughout the novel. Xu Sanguan’s relationship with Yile is tested and changes over time. The novel is basically sentiment based. When Xu Sanguan finds out that Yiles is not his legitimate son, he leaves him at home while he takes the rest of the family out to eat during the famine. He explains his action to Yile that if he allowed him to eat noodles with the rest of the family he will be benefiting He Xiaoyong, his wife’s ex-lover whom he now loathes. Ultimately Xu Sanguan is reconciled with Yile by saving him from hepatitis using his blood money. Social relations in China are well explored through the interpersonal relationships of Xu Sanguan. The May Fourth movement of 1919 was responsible for the political shift in China. But more than its political shift towards the Left, the movement is known for the cultural shift towards intellectualism. In this book, we can find evidences of the May Fourth Movement in the description of workers life in modern China, how they had to have connections with people higher in the hierarchy to gets things done and how socially, people experimented intellectually. Xu Sanguan applied his intellect rather than his sentiment to resolve the one major personal crisis in his life – his unresolved feelings for Yiles. He used his connections with a senior Blood Officer in order to sell blood more often. The fight for survival through intellect captures the essence of both the May Fourth movement and the theme of the book. Conclusion The novel focuses more on external relationships – familial bonds and community ties. Often choices are made where individual desires are suppressed and society is given most importance. This is just as would happen in a pre-Communist Confucian society. The suppression of the individual is brought out symbolically in the names of the Xu Sanguan’s sons who are called Yile, Erle, and Sanle, meaning First Son, Second Son, and Third Son. The book even has a Fourth Uncle. This symbolically indicates a society where family roles and responsibilities are more important than individual personality and desires. The book “Chronicle of the Blood Merchant” explores the societal roles and relationships “once strictly defined by Confucian hierarchy and structure and later unmoored by the Communist Revolution” (Hsu 1). Works Cited Hua, Yu (2007). Chronicle of a Blood Merchant. Anchor Books. Hsu, Shirley (2004). Thicker than Water. UCLA publication. 2008. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
These organizations can also be described as a collection of criminals working together in the same criminal business working towards a common goal. An example of such an organization is the La Cosa Nostra (LCN) which has been operating in the United States for a long time since 1920s. This organization is also known as the Mafia, or the Mob. The LCN over a very long time have become the most prominent criminal organization in the U. S. Their strength is the fact that they possessed great monopoly control over several other criminal markets. There strategy is to use or threaten violence in order to gain and maintain control. The organization is involved in ruthless violence activities. This ruthless violence is usually conducted in form of beatings and killings or just the threat of violence. They commonly used this tactics to gain monopoly and control over other criminal enterprises. Besides carrying out violence activities, they also threaten and discourage their competitors in a way to eliminate their participation and also to regain and reinforce its reputation. In 1997, the organization was alleged to have plotted an assignation against a federal judge who is said to have presided over a couple of big mob trials in New York City. According to Lauryn (1999), the organization is linked in a number of crimes that are their specialty and unique to this organization only which includes business racketing, industry cartels bid-rigging and other business frauds. La Cosa Nostra illegal activities are beyond violence activities they are also involved in gambling and drugs which they have always counted as their biggest money makers including hijacking, air cargo theft and murder. The other criminal organization is Crips. This is an African American organization that was started in Los Angeles California and has grown to have several networks around the United States. It is considered as one of the most violent street gangs in the states. They have an estimated number of about 35000 members across the states of California, Texas Oklahoma and Missouri. The members of this organization are mostly young African American men with a few members being white. They are associated with criminal activities such as drug trade. They assert their profits from conducting illegal drug trading. They are responsible of producing and conducting the distribution of the PCP drug in the city of Los Angeles. They also carried out trades and distributed cocaine and marijuana across the city. Other criminal activities involved with this gang are murders robberies which they carried out in pursuit of making profits and ensuring that the primary activities of the group continued (Colton, 2005). In comparison to other criminal organizations, La Cosa Nostra was involved in many illegal activities including corrupting law enforcements and other political systems something their competitors were not able to do. According to Colton 2005), “no other criminal organization in the United States has controlled labor unions, organized employer cartels, operated as a rationalizing force in major industries and functioned as a bridge between the upper world and the underworld”. Hence, the capacity of the organization to conduct and get involved in such activities made the organization become distinguished from any other criminal organization in the U. S. References Abadinsky, H. (2010). Organized crime 9 th ed. Florence, KY: Thomas Wadsworth Publishing. Colton S. (2005). Inside the Crips: Life Inside L.A.’s Most Notorious Gang . Gordonsville: Virginia St. Martin’s Press. Lauryn, P. G. (1999). Cosa Notstra: the final chapter? Crime and justice . Chicago : The University of Chicago. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Runaway Photosynthesis and Its Effects on Life in the Universe Essay According to extant literature, runaway photosynthesis describes a scenario in which the machinery of photosynthesis could be adversely affected by shifts in the environment, leading to the crumbling of all ecosystems that depend on it for survival (Dartnell, 2011). In particular, the expression “runaway photosynthesis” is mainly used in the mainstream media and by environmental experts with reference to positive or negative feedback effects that could affect the photosynthesis process due to changes occurring within the environment (Cox et al., 2011). This paper illuminates how the phenomenon of runaway photosynthesis affects life in the universe. Animal life as is known today requires an atmosphere with adequate oxygen, whereas plants require a sufficient amount of carbon in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) for photosynthesis to occur (Global Climate Change, 2002). Scientific investigations have proved that vegetation and soil contain about three times as much carbon as the atmosphere, and that at the present time the land is absorbing about a quarter of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions released by various activities in the biosphere because uptake of CO 2 by plant photosynthesis is surpassing respiration from soils (Cox et al., 2011). However, as acknowledged by Cox et al (2011), a number of scholars “have discussed the possibility of the land carbon sink either saturating or reversing primarily because of the potential for accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter under global warming” (p. 155). Such a scenario could definitely lead to runaway photosynthesis not only due to lack of a stable habitable temperature occasioned by the unstable mixture of greenhouse gases, but also because of the probability that “feedbacks” between the climate and the land biosphere may substantially accelerate or suppress atmospheric CO 2 and land carbon uptake (Dartnell, 2011). The problem of runway photosynthesis lies in its capacity to substantially accelerate atmospheric CO 2 , leading to the negative effects of global warming and dangers associated with greenhouse emissions. Cox et al (2011) note that “whilst increases in atmospheric CO 2 are expected to enhance photosynthesis (and reduce transpiration), the associated climate warming is likely to increase plant and soil respiration” (p. 155). Climate warming as a direct consequence of sudden drop in photosynthesis and reduced removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is known to expose animal species to the harmful ultraviolet (UV) light and could also make life on earth impossible as too much carbon in the atmosphere is disastrous to life (Dartnell, 2011; Global Climate Change, 2002). A runway greenhouse effect occasioned by too much carbon in the atmosphere will certainly cause the earth’s surface temperature to rise to levels that cannot sustain plant or animal life on earth. According to available literature, “it is estimated that photosynthesis is a sink for around 60 billion tons of carbon every year, by far the strongest mechanism for carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere” (Global Climate Change, 2002 para. 2). However, although increases in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is good for plant growth, a lack of balance between the increases and the respiration of animals may have the capacity to trigger runaway photosynthesis and hence destroy many species that live in very sensitive ecological niches. For example, small shifts in temperature rise or precipitation drastically affect the capacity of Oak tress to survive, not mentioning that an increase of as little as 1°C in ocean temperature over two or three days could “bleach” corals due to loss of their symbiotic algae which is fundamental for their nutrition. Humans cannot survive under extreme temperatures or within environments with a very high volume of carbon dioxide (Global Climate Change, 2002). Essentially, therefore, the phenomenon of runaway photosynthesis adversely affects life in the universe in multiple ways, hence the urgent need to preserve the environment. References Cox, P.M., Huntingford, C., & Jones, C.D. (2004). Conditions for sink-to-source transitions and runaway feedbacks from the land carbon cycle. In H.J. Schellnhuber & V.P. Cramer (Eds.), Avoiding dangerous climate change: Key vulnerabilities of the climate systems and critical thresholds (pp. 155-176). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dartnell, L. (2011). Astrobiology: Exploring life in the universe . New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group. Global Climate Change. (2002). Overview of climate change research: Biosphere . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Functional Budget of Stanford University Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Reasons for a Balanced Federal Budget 3. Stanford University’s Background and its Functional Budget 4. Evaluation of the Budget based on GFOA Criteria 5. Conclusion 6. Reference List Introduction For years, the federal budget has not been balanced. Politically, it has been easier to run a federal budget that is deficit rather than a balanced one. Nonetheless, there is need for the federal government to stick to the balanced budget because of the various shortcomings that the deficit federal budget has. Generally, this is what question one highlights. Question two describes the background and functional budget of Stanford University. Besides, it also evaluates the organization’s budget using the GFOA criteria. Reasons for a Balanced Federal Budget First, through federal deficits, the nation’s long term economic growth is threatened. Generally, national saving should be utilized in financing investment. However, savings that could have been invested are absorbed by deficits. When the government seeks extra borrowing, there is a rise in real interest and this happens at the expense of funding projects that are private. This does not only reduce capital stocks, but also constrains the living standards. Secondly, servicing of debt held outside the economy of the United States will lead to a decline in domestic standards. From 1997, ownership of federal debt started being external (Europa Publications, 2002, p. 785). The ownership was with nations such as China, the United Kingdom, Japan and other nations that export oil. Since payments of debt will be required to be outside the US economy, it will not only challenge the ability of future generations to maintain their standards, but also such huge external claims can result to political challenges (Mikesell, 2010, p. 137-138). Thirdly, the deficit can be a hindrance to the implementation of important national policies. This is because in a climate dominated by deficit, the immediate reaction to any policy initiative is the impact that the deficit will have on it. Fourth, deficits have the ability to increase the inflation rate based on whether the debt is monetized by the Federal Reserve System. Moreover, higher future interest obligations are created by continuing deficits (Baumol and Blinder, 2007, p. 699). Every incoming congress will find a larger percentage of the federal resources to have been previously committed to offer interest on funds used to provide services previously rather than to accord services to the taxpayers that year (Mikesell, 2010, p. 138-139). Stanford University’s Background and its Functional Budget The budget document described here is for Stanford University. Stanford is not only regarded as the best University along the west Coast, but also as one of the global universities that are good in research and teaching. It was founded more than one century ago by John and Leland Stanford. The research at the University centers on arts, environment and sustainability, health and international affairs. Stanford University offers both undergraduate and graduate programs. It was founded basically to prepare students to be successful and useful in life (Stanford University, 2010). The kind of budget used by Stanford University during the 2010/2011 financial year is the functional budget. This is a budget type that blends the features of a program budget with those of a line item budget. The object categories are listed on the left hand side. On the other hand, program categories are across the top. Generally, the budget shows a list of all expenses and revenue by program. This enables the reader to quickly notice how much is expected from the expenditure and receipt of each category and the much to spend on every category (Mayers, 2004, p. 61). This budget is in the executive summary of Stanford University’s budget plan’s for the year 2010/2011 (Etchemendy, 2010, p. vii). Evaluation of the Budget based on GFOA Criteria The Stanford University budget meets the GFOA criteria as a policy document, financial plan, Operations guide, and communication tool (GFOA, 2011, p. 1-14). First, the Stanford University’s budget is a policy document. It reveals the long-term fiscal policies that were utilized during the budget process. These are its anticipated financial projections (Etchemendy, 2010, p. v). The budget also has long-term non-financial goals stated under the section of administrative effectiveness (Etchemendy, 2010, p. v-vi). Secondly, the budget is a financial plan. It describes the prescription of every major fund used in the budget. It also shows the general fund (Etchemendy, 2010, p. ix). Thirdly, the budget is an operations guide revealing several activities undertaken by its units such as the human resources, IT, non-departmental entities and research administration (Etchemendy, 2010, p. vi). Finally, the budget is a communication device since its information is presented in an executive summary that is easy to understand. Moreover, the budget has a provision for other organizational stakeholders such as students and members of staff. Conclusion The balanced federal budget is to be preferred due to the shortcomings that the deficit budget has. Stanford University’s 20/2011 functional budget meets the GFOA criteria since it is a financial plan. Communication tool, policy document and operations guide. Reference List Baumol, W. and Blinder, A. (2007). Economics: Principles and Policy. Mason, US: Thomson South-Western. Web. Etchemendy, J. (2010). Stanford University: Budget Plan 2010/2011 . Web. Europa Publications (2002). Far East and Australasia . NY: Routledge. Web. GFOA, (2011). Distinguished Budget Presentation Awards Program: Awards Criteria. Chicago: GFOA of the US and Canada. Web. Mayers, R.S. (2004). Financial management for non-profit human service organizations. Illinois: Charles C Thomas. Web. Mikesell, J.L. (2010). Fiscal Administration: Analysis and Application for Public Sector . Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Web. Stanford University, (2010). Stanford Facts: Introduction . California: Stanford University. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Essay Issues and problems are realities of life and the success of every individual depends on how effectively they deal with the issues. It is through a very well planned strategy that people effectively deal with issues and prepare themselves for a more competent living. In the case study of Robin Hood, there is an apparent issue which he struggles to deal with. The main issue in the case is the hero’s inability to convince the followers the need to change Merrymen’s policy of outright confiscation of goods to one of a fixed transit tax in order to check the growing power and greater organization of the Sheriff. At a time when the followers are totally against his proposal to adopt new policies, Robin Hood had to seek out new strategies to brazen out the power of the Sheriff who by this time earned the money and the men, and was prepared to pester the band. Besides, he had the support of powerful friends at court and especially that of the regent, Prince John. However, there were some very important situations in favor of Robin Hood and if he made use of these situations, he could formulate a strategy to tackle the issue effectively. Therefore, it is important that Robin Hood is aware of the various factors in the situation and select the most appropriate strategy in response to the given situation. There are several powerful people as well as the barons who are not in good terms with Prince John who was greatly unpopular. The people wished to join under the leadership of King Richard and promoting the king’s cause will ensure that the people join hands in the struggle against the Sheriff. Therefore, in an analysis of the case, it becomes evident that the best conclusion to the issue can be arrived at when Robin Hood considers the possibility of holding the people together under the leadership of the king. It will also ensure that the powers of the Sheriff are well checked. However, it is notable that the hero cannot endeavor to join the conspiracy right away as there are various complications in such a move. The spies of the enemy could ruin him and there is the risk that the conspiracy turns out to be a failure. In a deeper analysis of the case, it becomes clear that the character needs to take some risks in life as there are no other alternative options. If Robin Hood needs to achieve success in the given case, he should go ahead with the plans for new policies which his followers do not think practical. Here, he needs to trust the strength of the king and his popularity and prepare a strategy to strengthen the plea for the king and against the vicious men. It is not a simple task as the power and reach of the enemy is high. In the formulation of the strategy, the hero also needs to be tactful not to be directly against the enemies in the preliminary phases. First, develop the motion against Prince John in favor of the people pleading for King Richard and strengthen the confidence of the followers by actions. It is also important that Robin Hood leads the motion by the barons against the prince and make sure that the opposing powers against the prince and the Sheriff are well kept under one head. Through these strategic actions Robin Hood can ensure that his original plans are carried on. Similarly, these actions also mean that there is a deep meditated strategy for the action which will deal with the issue at hand. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Definition of Marriage. Reward of Marriage Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Discussion 4. Analysis 5. Results 6. Conclusion Introduction For many years, social scientists have argued on the reward of marriage due to the distinctiveness of the populace who get married and stay married. Do matrimony itself – and the condition of being a married person generate assured returns? The response is mutual. It has been observed that people who are used to and brought up by married parents, who are educated and depend on economic sustainability, generally opt in favor of marriage and are comfortable in staying married. Background It is true that marriage is an institution that tends to change an individual’s life in terms of associations, habits, lifestyle and priorities. It is obvious that people accept these changes because they find certain advantages, socially and economically, through the institution of marriage. As a result, it can be seen that marriage acts as a beneficial quantum. Discussion It should be noted that the institution of marriage includes not only two individuals but their families too. Thus, by definition marriage cannot simply be termed as the union between two individuals. It generates a wide association of different people who were not associated with each other before the union of the two fundamental people who are getting married. Thus, the definition of marriage surely includes and accommodates the existence of other family members and is not restricted to the nuptial couple. Analysis It has been seen that wedding implants citizens surrounded by superior social networks. Similarly, married parents have an enhanced chance to harness aid and other facilities, companionship and expressive affection-based support within the population. For men, marriage serves as a medium of taking up responsibilities that otherwise would not be a favorable option for the male. Thus, it can be stated that marriage means taking up responsibilities and performing the responsibilities willfully. This sense of responsibility becomes a role model for the future generations to come and on the greater scale the sense of responsibility not only serves the benefit of the individual or the family but it serves as a beneficial quantum for the society as a whole as the family can be termed as a smallest political unit within a state. Results Furthermore, it has been seen that children whose parents stayed married have more rewarding and satisfying dating relationships. At the same time, they generate a more positive approach en route for prospectus matrimony and a superior success rate in forming permanent marriages. Young men raised in a two-parent household also have more positive attitudes toward women, children, and family life than men who were raised by a single parent. As a result, the definition of marriage can be broadened to the degree of peace, prosperity and social development. Conclusion However, it cannot be stated that marriage is the answer to all social problems existing in society. However, it can always be stated that through marriage there is always a chance that the male part of the community would tend to sober down and thus yield to be more fruitful for the greater part of the society. It is responsibility and love that makes a man and a woman stay together and thus, in the end, marriage can be termed as a bondage of social institution where be the people of the society generate the chance of becoming prosperous and peaceful through love, compassion and companionship. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Why International Mentors Are Hard to Find in Universities Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Statistics of Employment: Domestic versus International Mentors 3. Reasons for Lower Employment Rates for International Mentors 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Guiding students towards a better sense of understanding within their university life, from academics to extracurricular activities, is one of the primary goals of mentors, made pertinent by the rising numbers of international students. Integrating foreign pupils into internal structures would seem to be the ideal approach to helping students from abroad establish connections that would allow them to both feel welcome and comfortable in a new environment. However, a potentially high ratio of domestic to international advisers gives rise to questioning the origins of this misbalance and necessitates outlining some potential barriers that may exist for foreign guides. The unexploredness of the proposed topic creates an incentive for determining the numbers of international mentors and the difficulties that they face. Statistics of Employment: Domestic versus International Mentors Experienced international students could be the most common population group to participate in mentorship plans, with faculty members being present in a more guiding role. Taking Brown University as an example, 280 students were part of the 2017 International Mentoring Program (IMP). (“About the International Mentoring Program”). However, the IMP is only one of the seven programs provided by the university, which most probably furthers an imbalance between international and domestic guides, especially since the programs aim to connect like-minded students (“Mentoring and Professional Development”). The University of Oklahoma guidance programme demonstrated one of the most equalized numbers, with an 8 to 5 ratio of domestic versus international students (Young 55). On the other hand, Iowa State University states that they had 48 international to 12 national student mentors in 2013 (Young 51). This diversity in numbers allows theorizing that each university in the USA may create projects that provide conditions that are more favorable for either type of guides, but which are inevitably constrained by their students. Reasons for Lower Employment Rates for International Mentors There may be various reasons for a decrease in the number of international mentors, especially as one advances within the education profession, from a potential faculty bias to a simple lack of foreign custodians. Microaggressions and favoritism within universities may hold back the creation of affirmative mentorship programs, even among students (Hsieh and Seshadri 126). Additionally, guides, foreign as well as domestic, may be unwilling to share their experience or provide adequate guidance based on a fear of being replaced (Jones 64). Finally, the creation of an international body of mentors is only possible when students from abroad are present and enrolling, and a lack of such pupils curtails any such plans (“About the International Mentoring Program”). Furthermore, an essential detail is the possible feeling of “resentment among local faculty,” which overqualified foreign advisors may stimulate, even among students (Altbach and Yudkevich 6). Thus, a system of international guides relies on a wide variety of factors, most of which center on demographics but also the departments’ individual predispositions towards students. Conclusion The idea of America as a meeting place of cultures remains an essential aspect of every-day university life that various circumstances oppose, which in turn creates unfavorable conditions for international mentors. A lack of representation in faculties obstructs the creation of genuinely inclusive experiences for domestic and international students, especially in small institutions, for example, Brown University. Negative student experiences only help further advance this closed loop, the breaking of which requires addressing issues such as bias and negativity in faculties, as well as the admission of qualified international students. Works Cited “About the International Mentoring Program (IMP).” Brown , n.d., Web. Altbach, Philip G., and Maria Yudkevich. “International Faculty in 21st-Century Universities.” International Faculty in Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives on Recruitment, Integration, and Impact , edited by Maria Yudkevich, Taylor & Francis, 2016, pp. 1-14. Hsieh, Alexander L., and Gita Seshadri. “Promoting Diversity and Multicultural Training in Higher Education: Calling in Faculty.” Promoting Ethnic Diversity and Multiculturalism in Higher Education , edited by Barbara Blummer et al., IGI Global, 2018, pp. 112-131. Jones, Marion. “The Balancing Act of Mentoring: Mediating between Newcomers and Communities of Practice.” Mentoring in Education: An International Perspective , edited by Cedric Cullingford, Routledge, 2016, pp. 57-86. “Mentoring and Professional Development.” Brown , n.d., Web. Young, Nancy E. Seeking Best Practices for Integrating International and Domestic Students. International Student and Scholar Services, 2014. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Does Marriage Bring Happiness?: Based on “The Story of an Hour” Essay “The Story of an Hour,” written by Kate Chopin in 1984, narrates the story of a married woman, Mrs. Millard, who just heard that her husband died in a car accident. After the sad news, she went from a feeling of complete loss to a sense of liberation almost in an hour. However, she dies of a heart attack when her husband was found to be alive. Mrs. Millard’s reaction suggests that her marriage was a trap. By her story, Chopin demonstrates that for most women in the 19th century, marriage was not joy but an obligation. Mrs. Millard could not control the swings in her emotions right after she saw the news. When a person finds out about the death of their loved one, it is always a tragedy and great sorrow. Mrs. Millard, on the contrary, was peaceful and even imagined her future as a free woman. This reveals how Mrs. Millard was oppressed in silence as most of women of her century. They never showed their emotions or any disappointment on their faces. Women of that century were bound in unhappy marriages because of wealth, status, and social judgments. Did women love their husbands? Indeed, there might be some warm feelings, but almost no one asked women about their feelings and thoughts. In this case, marriage is not a union of the loved ones but is a social obligation where a wife is a subject of a husband. Mr. Millard never knew that his presence had killed his wife. He probably did not even think that Mrs. Millard could feel oppressed or bounded. They should be the closest ones to each other, but, ironically, they seem distant and cold. Mrs. Millard says, “free, free, free!” and “the vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes; they stayed keen and bright.” The sudden joy of being free and realization of her liberation made her excited, showing burden of her marriage. Mr. Millard’s neglecting approach about his wife suggests that their union was comfortable only for him, while Mrs. Millard silently faded away. Chopin illustrates how social obligations corrupt a sacred union such as marriage that should bring happiness for two people. The husband acted as a master, while the wife was a subject. 19th-century women were raised by being comfortable with men. Women should obey any men they are dependent on by following family rules, preserving traditions, being supportive, and never saying a word against them. Millard’s family seemed a perfect example of the social order in that century. Even though they were a “correct” and practical family, they were not happy. To conclude, “The Story of an Hour” focuses on the marriage institution of the 19th century. Chopin challenges the existing social order by showing how happy a woman was to find out about her husband’s death. Marriage is a holy union, but the life of Millard’s family was turned into obligatory actions that each of them did systematically; it was not the cooperation of two loved ones. The story also reveals how women of the 19th century were oppressed in silence due to their inability to sustain themselves. They were never asked about their true feelings and thoughts. Women had to follow the accepted norms and traditions without arguing with the men who took care of them. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Environmental Pollution and Green Policies Essay The advancement in technology has contributed widely to the pollution of the environment. Various automobiles which came up as a result of technological advancement emit gases which lead to serious environmental pollution. On the other hand, the methods adopted by farmers today have come up as a result of the development of technology. The farmers use chemical pesticides and fertilizers to boost the farm yield, but in turn, often pollute the underground water that is later consumed by plants and animals. Health practitioners have always been at the forefront to criticize such farm produce for being unhealthy for human consumption. The use of bio gas is viewed as a good way of disposing of the waste has also raised environmental concerns with a number of organizations claiming that although using it helps reduce the level of pollution, few individuals will be willing to live near an industry which manufactures bio gas due to the gases emitted from these industries. The emitted gases have also had adverse effects on the health of individuals. The consequences of environmental pollution have not only led to various illnesses but also led to food shortages across the globe. Food shortage caused by the infertility of the soil as a result of environmental pollution may soon lead to deteriorating standards of living hence affecting the economy of a given country. Although various scholars are of the view that green technology reduces the level of pollution, adequate research on the use of this form of technology needs to be conducted so as to fully contain environmental pollution. Recycling of products such as plastics has also had its downward side. When the plastics are recycled, they are always mixed with other different plastics giving a low quality end product. The creativity of recycling products brought about by the new technology has left people worried about the transfer of waste materials from one form to another. Clothes made of fiber which comes from recycled plastics contain toxins which are harmful when they come in to contact with the human skin. The whole recycling process has, therefore proven to be an issue of concern in regard to the environment. Problems brought about by the pollution of the environment can, therefore, be quite a hard task to fully contain. This is because the various steps aimed at reducing the level of pollution end up causing more harm, for example, the use of bio gas has led to Global warming hence causing serious problems to both plants and animals. Different measures are advocated by sociologist so as to contain the level of global warming. Protecting the environment can be achieved if the entire world agrees to follow the laid down policies of international law in regard to the protection of the environment. Powerful countries such as China and the USA should lead by example for the other countries to imitate them in regulating the level of environmental pollution. In conclusion, Pollution of the environment has not only affected the residents of one country, but also the world at large it, therefore, requires attention from all the members of the society. Protecting the environment has so far proven to be a global issue which needs to be addressed by all countries. Researchers have recommended that different countries should cooperate so as to try and contain the problem of environmental pollution. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Organizational Innovation in the Flat Knitting Sector Industries Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Article Information 2. Preliminary Analysis 3. Methods & Empirics 4. Critical Review 5. References Article Information For the analysis, the article ” Product, process, marketing, and organizational innovation in the flat knitting sector industries ” written by Ganzer, P. P., Chais, C., and Olea, P. M. was selected. It is published in the 14th volume of the journal Revista de Administração e Inovação as the fourth issue on pages 321-332. Preliminary Analysis The purpose of the study was to identify innovations in the flat knitting industry in the period from 2008 to 2011. Among the specific research objectives were the analysis of trends, their development, and introduction. The study is descriptive, as it captures innovations in the flat knitting industry. This study is also causal since it establishes the relationship between the amounts of investment in product and marketing innovations. The theoretical model proposed in the study includes logical ways to deduce trends in the flat knitting industry from the total set of innovations. In addition, it is based on the procedure of operationalization of the value of the amounts spent on innovations and the establishment of a logical connection between them. The study revealed the relationship between the volume of investment in the product and marketing and the correlation between skilled labor and organizational innovations. Methods & Empirics In this study, two scientific methods are used: qualitative and quantitative. According to Malhotra, Nunan, and Birks (2017), the first one was aimed at analyzing the data obtained as a result of the survey. Descriptive quantitative analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables of the theoretical construction (Dzwigol, 2020). The primary method of collecting statistical data was a sociological survey. An interview was conducted among the heads of enterprises producing flat knitwear, during which 23 people were interviewed. Interviews were conducted with each manager individually; their answers were recorded. According to Ganzer, Chais, and Olea (2017), the main list of questions allowed to identify similarities in the strategies chosen by managers. The interview was aimed at determining the variables that stimulate the introduction of innovations. The measuring device was an indicator of the frequency of words used by different people in interviews. They were grouped according to the criterion of a similar interpretation. The number and content of common topics mentioned by managers were also a measuring tool. The target group was the heads of enterprises in the textile sector, namely factories to produce knitted products; the target group includes only direct managers, not subcontractors. During the sampling, questions were asked about the main problems in the textile industry sector, including issues that have been solved recently; cost reduction and staff motivation were also discussed. The sample may not represent the population well enough since it considers enterprises of only one region. The choice of words and expressions may not accurately convey the utterance’s meaning, which may be distorted during decoding and analysis. To ensure the reliability of the study, the researchers tried to provide objective numerical data, thoroughly and in detail describing all the stages. It is also possible to note the high level of evidence of the conclusions given by the authors. The collected data were analyzed using a statistical data processing tool. With its help, it was possible to process an array of data in a short time, using the program’s resources, and get information about it according to several statistical criteria. Critical Review According to Alharbi, Jamil, Mahmood, and Shaharoun (2019), since the article is devoted to a relatively narrow topic, few works deal with such a problem. Therefore, this article is the most comprehensive compared to other works dedicated to the knitting sector of the textile industry. The article is very high-quality; the language used in work is very competent and scientific. The research material is presented clearly and consistently, and the data are logically grouped. The list of sources used, placed at the end of the article, seems complete and competently selected. References Alharbi, I. B., Jamil, R., Mahmood, N. H., & Shaharoun, A. M. (2019). Exploring the relationships between organizational culture, management control system and organizational innovation. Global Business Review, 4 (1), 1-14. Dzwigol, H. (2020). Innovation in marketing research: Quantitative and qualitative analysis. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 1 (10), 128-135. Ganzer, P. P., Chais, C., & Olea, P. M. (2017). Product, process, marketing and organizational innovation in industries of the flat knitting sector. Revista de Administração e Inovação, 14 (4), 321-332. Malhotra, N. K., Nunan, D., & Birks, D. F. (2017). Marketing research: An applied approach . Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education Limited. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Antecedent and Setting Events in Behavior Scenarios Coursework Table of Contents 1. First Case 2. Second Case 3. Conclusion 4. References The present paper is devoted to the analysis of two scenarios and the determination of the setting events and antecedents as well as the desired behaviors for the children described in them. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Education and Human Development defines antecedents as “the events that precede the occurrence of the target behavior(s)” and setting events as the “previous and current environmental issue and events that influence the occurrence of the target behavior” (Farenga & Ness, 2015, p. 811). In other words, antecedents represent more immediate triggers of behavior while the setting events may be removed from the situation (although it is not a requirement) and influence a child slower. The triggering of the behavior is often the result of the combination of antecedents and setting events. First Case The first case describes the behavior of Michael, who was six years old and diagnosed with an unstable seizure disorder as well as ADHD. As a result, the health issues and medications side effects or problems were not unlikely to be among the setting events. Michael exhibited several problematic behaviors, and the request to work on a writing assignment was invariably an antecedent of actions like screaming, hitting, kicking, biting, and other similar ones. It is also noteworthy that the boy had difficulties in language processing, which is why an antecedent could also be the instruction to perform a difficult task. Apart from that, Michael did not react favorably to his transportation to the time-out area, and the factor was always an antecedent of physical struggle. The struggle was the major challenging behavior for the teachers, and the desired behavior for Michael included calmer conduct in response to the antecedents and compliance. Desired behaviors: compliance, the lack of negative responses to instructions, and transportations to the time-out area. Setting events: possible medication problems, health issues; possibly, the transmission to the first grade. Antecedent: instructions to perform a difficult task; transportation to the time-out area. Second Case The second scenario describes two nine-year-old boys. Bill had “behavioral problems and learning difficulties,” which is why he was mostly studying in a special education room but could occasionally be transferred to a general classroom. The diagnosis-related issues can be regarded as setting events, and the same can be said about the changes in the educational settings, some of which might have had labels supported by children. Bill exhibited some difficulties in particular mathematical tasks, and the instruction to perform one could be the antecedent to the problem behavior. The latter involved the boy being often distracted; also, he demonstrated aggression and could engage in activities that disrupted lessons. The desired behavior for the child would consist of improved attention and task compliance together with decreased aggression and disruptive behavior. The major problem behavior of Matt, the second boy, consisted of similar distractedness without the violent symptoms, and the desired behavior for him would involve greater attention to the tasks and improved ability to focus. His diagnoses included ADHD and emotional and behavioral disorders; he was taking 15 mg. of methylphenidate every day, the difficulties with which might have served as setting events for the behavior. For example, the side effects of the medication include anxiety (The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 2016). Matt was studying in special education classrooms and exhibited difficulties in performing certain mathematics tasks. As a result, the instruction to do such a task could be the antecedent to the problem behaviors. Desired behaviors: compliance, the performance of the necessary tasks, improved attention; Bill: decreased aggression, and disruptive behaviors. Setting event: health issues, educational difficulties, medication issues (for Matt; possibly, for Bill as well), different educational settings, and possible related social conflicts (for Bill). Antecedent: the instruction to perform a difficult task. Conclusion The presented cases were an opportunity for training in discerning the setting events and antecedents, and the presented analyses were generally educational. References Farenga, S. & Ness, D. (2015). Encyclopedia of education and human development . New York, NY: Routledge. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. (2016). Methylphenidate . | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Psychological Tests, Their Types and Users Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Types of tests 3. Users and uses of tests 4. Reliability and validity 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Psychological testing is sampling an individual’s behavior with the aim of determining characteristics such as attitude, enthusiasm, interests, needs and value. Psychological tests are strictly controlled and scored according to fixed set of rules that give numeric classification. From psychological tests it is possible to establish the knowledge one has on a particular subject. Types of tests * Mental ability test : This relies on cognitive functions such as intelligence, memory and creative thinking. It is divided into individually administered tests and group administered tests. * Achievement test: This is aims at determining an individual’s level of knowledge in a specific subject. This test is classified into five: The batteries test, single subject test, government sponsored test and individual achievement test. Only the latter is individually done while the others are done in groups. * Personality Test: This is measures human character or disposition. Personality tests are grouped into two, the objective personality test and projective personality test. The objective test has direct answers as the respondent only has to answer either true or false. The projective test on the other hand is ambiguous and the respondent has to answer unstructured questions. * Interest and attitudes tests : These include the vocational interest measures which aid in searching of employment opportunities. The attitude scales measure an individual’s attitude towards issues such as capital punishment (Hogan, 2007). * Neuropsychological Test: this is health related and yields information about brain functioning. This test is widely applied in these aforementioned tests as the brain function is a major cause of personality. * The speed vs. power tests : This analyzes how an individual performs simple tasks in a specified amount of time. A power test involves complicated material that is delivered with no limitation on the time. * The individual vs. group tests: An individual test is administered to one person at a given time. The response of the person is recorded and used to evaluate his or her psychology. Group tests, conversely, are discussion questions given to groups of people. * The maximum vs. typical performance tests: Maximum performance test looks for the best the individual performs a given task. Typical tests on the other hand test for the personality of the person without them trying harder to maximize their ability. * Norm-referenced vs. criterion-referenced tests : Norm-referenced tests use a generalized percentile. The criterion-referenced tests emphasizes on individual performance as indicated by set standards and not how the performance compares to other people who sat the test. Users and uses of tests There are four categories of uses of tests: Clinical use, educational use, personnel use and research use. In clinical use, tests are employed in clinical counseling or neuropsychology by psychological counselor or a neuropsychologist. A clinical test helps in identification of psychological problems of patients and determines the most efficient way solving the problem. Educational uses are applied by teachers, educational administrators and parents, primarily to determine the efficiency of the learning process. Achievement tests show students’ competence and grades the students (Hogan, 2007). They may also be used to predict the success of the educational measures applied to a student. Personnel use is common with users such as the military and businesses. Initial tests are done to select the most qualified individuals i.e., the individuals most likely to be successful in fulfilling the institution’s requirements. After selection, tests are done to assign the selected individuals to tasks they are likely to perform best. The use of psychological tests in research is divided into three. First as a definition of the dependent variable, wherein, the tests are used to define specific features of research. Secondly, tests are used to describe the samples collected in research. Thirdly, they are used to test the validity of the research tests themselves to ensure that they provide reliable information on social-behavioral characteristics (Hogan, 2007). Reliability and validity Reliability is the stability of the test. A reliable test will give approximately the same result if taken repeatedly. Validity of a test is the assurance that the test is actually measuring what it is supposed to measure. The indices of validity and reliability range between zero and one, good indices are above 0.75. Valid tests have significant concepts and predict future performance of the concept. Conclusion All good psychological tests have these three things in common: They have a sample of behavior, standardized conditions of operation and a standardized scorecard. The tests have to be reliable and valid for the results to be considered significant. Reliability is dependent of validity since an unreliable test cannot be said to measure anything. References Hogan, T. P. (2007). Psychological Testing. A Practical Introduction, Second Edition. Virginia: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Murphy, K. R. (1994). Psychological testing: principles and applications. london: Prentice Hall. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Advertisements Description of Amara Hotels and Resorts, and City Seasons Hotels Report Advert 1 The advert shown below (see Appendix 1) is a magazine advert by Amara Hotels and Resorts; it is an example of a simple but effective advert. From a glance, target market can learn of features and services in the resorts. It has combined bright (shouting) and dull colors (colors of harmony) well to create a pleasant feeling that visitors are likely to get in the hotels and resorts. In the advert framework, target customers can learn more than four services offered by the hotels. The advert users get into details of the advert to understand what the hotel offers and its locations. The above attributes of the adverts make it simple and straight-forward. Color mix used in the advert is another strength portrayed; the colors make the viewers feel harmony and peace. They have been used to communicate the feeling customers are likely to get from their stay in the resorts. The advert background is not only made by appealing combination of shades, but the shades also communicate of more features likely to be found in the hotel. Since the advert is divided into different segments, each area seems to address particular service in the resort. The above gives the advert an upper hand and facilitates effective communication with target customers. The words correctly rhyme with the advert tag; they both have been used to bring more information of the resorts/hotels. The marketing team has used selected words to ensure that customers understand more about the facility and how well they can enjoy their time there. As if all above mentioned is not enough, the advert gives the company an opportunity to write to the customers on different issues regarding the resorts. The advert meets all the requirements of an effective advert (Rakesh, 2005). Advert 2 Advert 2 (see Appendix 2) portrays an ineffective advert made by City Seasons Hotels. There is an obvious mismatch between the name of the hotel and what is portrayed in the advert. When making adverts, it is important for the management to consider even the name of the hotel or the product. In this case, the name of the hotel suggests a place with numerous activities that meet the season of a year. However, it is not reflected in the advert. According to it, the place has more of indoor activities; it seems so because of the image of a beautiful interior design that the advert portrays. Although the finishing looks superb, the notion created by the name dismisses the good look. The color mix of the advert is not appealing; there is monotony of brown color which is supposed to be a shouting color and color of harmony. The background colors of the advert do not also go with each other well, there is nothing else communicated by the advert than what is coming out explicitly. Another problem that the advert has is the use of computer generated/artificial vegetations. The advert should show that the facility has well maintained vegetation. However, a closer look at the picture creates the impression that these trees are made to fit the situation or emphasize a decor and design of the interior, but here they seem to be out of place. The advert has concentrated on one area of its service, provision of accommodation. It has ignored the outdoor services that the resort offers. Since making an advert is expensive to every organization, it would be wiser to take all the possible advantages of it (Kerin & Peterson, 2009). However, City Seasons Hotels failed to use their chance. References Kerin, R. A., & Peterson, R. A. (2009). Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments (10th ed.). London: Pearson Education. Rakesh, J. (2005). International Marketing. New Delhi: Oxford University Press Appendix Appendix 1 Appendix 2 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Invention in Writing Essay Invention is one of the prewriting techniques used in writing essays. It refers to the creation of new ideas in relation to the question given or the use of old ideas to come up with new ideas in writing. This is a very important strategy as it encourages critical thinking and creativity in essay writing. Many students, who write compositions, prefer this prewriting technique because apart from encouraging critical thinking, it also enables them to write about subjects that are unique and intriguing. Hence, the participation of old ideas in prewriting entails the consideration of other writers’ ideas towards the subject to be written. The writer formulates new ideas, by taking the old ideas and using them together with his own ideas, creating an entirely new idea. As much as some might consider this as plagiarism, it is not, because the writer does not copyright other people’s ideas but rather use them to formulate his own ideas. In writing, there are several stages that are involved in order to come up with a well written essay. These stages make up the writing process and provide a framework for writing an essay. The stages include; prewriting, writing, revising, editing and publishing. Under each stage, there are several sub stages and they all ensure the essay written is perfect. In this case, the prewriting stage is the first stage in the writing process. Therefore, it refers to the process of coming up with an idea/ideas in writing through a variety of methods such as invention, brainstorming and free writing. These methods of prewriting provide a ground for the writer to know what idea/ideas to explore in his writing. Depending on one’s choice, any of the methods mentioned above would do well in the deciding of the appropriate idea to include in writing. Brainstorming involves the exploration of ideas that come up in relation to one’s initial idea. In this case, the writer writes down a sentence, or a phrase then constructs other sentences that would help in the building of the initial and main idea. Thus, the writer would use a variety of sentences then counter check the sentences to select the ideas that are in line with what he wants to write by leaving out those that are irrelevant. Under free writing, the writer writes down sentences in an open or focused manner. That is the writer does not decide on one idea from the word go but in a piece of paper, writes down many ideas then later on decides on one idea that suits his content. Therefore, when inventing an idea, there are a few strategies that should be put in place. A brief invention involves a quick thought of an idea, written down then the writer comes up with other ideas that would support it. This can be made possible by involving prior ideas of other writers and the use of the computer can act as a good way of getting information. Using this form of an invention is particularly helpful, as the writer finds it easy to come up with other ideas that would assist in building up the main idea. Pre-writing technique under the writing process is a skill that every writer should employ in writing and the invention strategy works well especially in terms of originality. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Analysis 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction Acts 29 Network is a small group of Christian brothers in more than 400 churches in the US (Acts 29 Network, 2011, para. 1-6). The group’s mission is to spread the Gospel to the whole world and to establish new churches in different parts of the world. The group’s desire is to for a large number of people to be converted by God’s Spirit. Over the past decade, the group has been very successful in its effort to attain its mission. For a small group to work effectively, a number of strategies must be integrated. Some of these skills relate to ensuring effective communication. This paper entails an analysis of what has made Acts 29 Network to be successful. The analysis emphasizes on communication in small groups. Analysis In its operation, Acts 29 Network ensures that there is clarity on the group’s mission amongst its members. To achieve this, the group ensures that all the ‘planters’ have a clear understanding of the set standards regarding its operations. The network achieves this by incorporating good leadership that ensures a clear and comprehensive understanding of its mission and vision. The group has developed a strong leadership culture that ensures that its members have a strong understanding of its philosophy before starting. To uphold this, the network has integrated continuous communication which entails emphasizing the core values that the members should uphold. This has culminated into the members developing a well-build sense of vision and mission. Additionally, the effective leadership keeps the team members focused. Considering the network’s mission to spread the gospel to the whole world, the group has incorporated the concept of teamwork. This has been achieved by organizing evangelical projects which team members participate in. The team leaders are effective in helping all members to participate by undertaking a comprehensive explanation of all the activities that the team members are expected to undertake. Some of these activities include participating with other men from different denominations in spreading the gospel. In an effort to ensure that its evangelical projects are successful, the group leaders have integrated open communication. This is attained by ensuring that all its members participate in the decision making process. Team members are free to express their opinion regarding the implementation of the project. This has played a critical role in ensuring that there is harmony with regard to the decision that is taken by the group. According to Keen (2003, p.6), conflicts is one of the major factors that lead to group failure. In a team’s operation, conflicts arise from time to time due to the divergent views of the team members. These conflicts have to be resolved amicably so as to prevent the team from failing. Ensuring open communication such as the one integrated by Acts 29 Network is one of the ways through which teams can minimize conflicts. This arises from the fact that all the members opinions are taken into consideration. Conclusion In summary, Acts 29 Network has been very successful in its effort to achieve its goals. This has arisen from integration of effective communication within the group. For example, the group ensures clarity amongst all the members with regard to its mission. The network also ensures continuous communication of its mission, vision and core values. This significantly contributes towards the members being focused. The group’s success is also associated with its ability to integrate effective team dynamics. For example, the team ensures that all members participate in the decision making process. This is achieved by integrating open communication. Reference List Acts 29 Network. (2011). About: Act 29 is passionate about churches planting churches. Retrieved from https://www.acts29.com/about/ Keen, T.(2003). Creating effective and successful teams . West Lafayette,Ind: Ichor Business Books. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Uses of Statistical Information Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Use of statistics in the Jr. High school 3. Four levels of measurement 4. Descriptive and inferential statistics 5. Advantages of accurate interpretation of statistical information 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction There is no doubt that statistics which has been thought of as a science of assembling; putting in order, analyzing, and interpreting data do play a major role in human day-to-day life helping in answering important questions (Punsalan et. al., 1987). In this case, Jr.High school is no exception in utilizing statistics. Additionally, it has been noted that statistics is found in a myriad of fields ranging from medical, engineering, technology, business, schools, to psychology. The essay critically evaluates the use of statistics in Jr. High school and seeks to explain how it is used, the four levels of measurements and their use in the school, examples of descriptive and inferential statistics, and finally the advantages associated with accurate interpretation of statistical information in helping improve making rational decisions in an organization. Use of statistics in the Jr. High school In Jr., High school statistics do have numerous applications. The most important application or use of statistics in the school is in evaluating how students perform in their studies. Such statistics help the administration, as well as a teacher, know the areas that need more effort to better improve student performance. Additionally, the school has applied statistics describing its student composition in terms of numbers, gender, age, and race among other demographic statistics. During sports day, the school utilizes statistics to provide a summary of how specific games are proceedings for instance basketball scoreboards help the audience to have a glimpse of scores. Additionally, the school has researched several topics for instance how to improve performance, motivate, and satisfy the teaching staff. With these, the findings have been incorporated in decision-making (Punsalan et. al., 1987). The school through record-keeping does use statistics to establish the number of students that complete their education; vital in calculating the rates of dropouts. Generally speaking, the school utilizes statistics in several fields in the quest to be better placed in making rational decisions aimed t propelling the school to greater heights. Four levels of measurement The nominal level of measurement which is discrete for instance gender or race of student has been used to establish how many female and male students are in the school. Such information has been presented by the use of graphs and pie charts. Ordinal or rank level of measurement has also been used in ranking the best performing student in an ascending order since it provides us with ordered categories. Presentation of such information is done using descriptive statistics. Similarly, the staff performance has in the recent past been ranked for awards (Lindley, 1985). The ratio level of measurement such as age has been collected, organized, and interpreted in the various grades to establish the mean and average age of students in grades 7 and 8. In sports, ratio measurements particularly height and weight have been used to establish characteristics of participants in basketball and football players. Presentations of such information have been best depicted through a histogram. The last level of measurement interval which has the equal distance between set values is discrete and has been used to establish student thoughts on how the school can better their learning environment so that they feel active. Descriptive and inferential statistics An example of descriptive is the standard deviation of last year’s grades 7 overall performances and that of the previous year. On the other hand, inferential statistics arrive at inferences based on patterns observed in the sample. A typical example of inferential statistics is the correlation between teachers’ motivation and student performance. A study established that motivated teachers are satisfied and when fully supported by the principal, the students’ performance improves. Advantages of accurate interpretation of statistical information According to Lindley, 1985 the advantage of accurately interpreting statistical information to improve decision making in the school include; it helps in rational allocation of resources, guarantees that the solution arrived at in the least will be long-lasting, will provide a benchmark for future decisions on accurate information and helps avoid conflicts. Conclusion From the review of the concept of statistics, it is apparent that it is a day-to-day activity that takes place in human life. Its application in numerous fields ranges from gauging student performance to giving a vivid picture of scores in a match or game. The four levels of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Accurate interpretation of statistical information is of significant importance. References Lindley, D. (1985). Making Decisions. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Punsalan, T. Et al. (1987). Statistics: a Simplified Approach. New York: Springer. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Character Education Program in Elementary Schools Essay The character education program in preliminary school greatly contributes to the improvement of the learning process and enhancing the student learning skills. It is also aimed at enhancing the relationships within the educational communities, between the teaching staff and student for further cooperation and improvement of the learning environment (Ryan and Lickona, 1992 p. 335). Due to the fact that character education programs should be reported to various stakeholders, there is a strong necessity to work out effective strategies depending on various aspects. Hence, the target stakeholders of the report presentation will be the teaching staff, students, and program advisors. Character education program delivery for the teaching staff is predetermined by the following requirement. Usually, teachers demand a full presentation of the report and examples. Each issue of the report should be explained and supported by evidence-based theories and reliable researchers. Additionally, they are more focused on the depiction of such aspects as the connection of student skill and their engagement into the learning process. Based on the above, the following strategies have been developed: * The program should be presented in the form of an algorithm, which means that each step should be followed by a supportive one. * The report should comprise a minimum of theory and a maximum of practice, as teachers and instructors should be know how to apply for character education programs in practice. * The enclosure of report presentation copies is important to provide teachers with visual examples. * The speech should be oriented on evidence-based researches that provide similar program results. Needless to say that students should be more concerned with such aspects as communication and leadership within the student communities, the evaluation of skills in correlation with students’ capabilities. Additionally, they are not interested in introducing parts of the report but in the conclusions made. Therefore, this stakeholder group will be more convinced if the narrator chooses the following strategies: * To begin with, the introduction part of the report should be interesting and attention-grabbing. Therefore, it is necessary to start with the evaluation of the results of the program in order to persuade the audience of the importance and usefulness of the program * The main task of the narrator is to establish cross-communication and make students ask and answer the questions. * It is better for the report delivery to make a powerpoint presentation, where the main issues will be highlighted. * Finally, as students are more focused on the conclusions, the evaluation report should have a strong final thesis. The program report for advisors and investors presupposes a thorough preparation so that the stakeholder can understand why they should care for this program development. Therefore, the core issue of report presentation is a successful identification of the aim of the program and its importance for the education process (Manchester Open Learning, 1993, p. 9). Then, it is necessary to outline the beneficial points of the program and its contribution to students’ skills development. Finally, the program advisors are more inclined to listen to a progress report where all issues are revealed in detail. As a whole, they will be more interested in the complete report on evaluation, as they are active participants of program fulfillment. A successful and detailed presentation will help them to understand what issues were omitted and what issues should include in the future. References Manchester Open Learning. (1993). Making effective presentations. Great Britain: Kogan Page Publishers. Ryan, K., and Lickona T. (1992). Character development in school and beyond. US: CRVP. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The fate of the Ottoman Empire was one of the main issues in the international politics of the Middle East during the period following World War I. Western countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, and France strived to gain maximum advantages out of the defeat and subsequent division of the Ottoman Empire, which before the outbreak of the war had been one of the largest powers of the epoch and had covered a territory of nearly 1.7 million square kilometers, including such modern states as Turkey, Palestine, Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire There were many prerequisites for the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. The weakness of the economic and industrial sectors made the Ottoman Porte increasingly dependent on the large European powers, a dependence that continued to grow in the context of shifting international relations in the region. Since the end of the 17th century when a decline in military strength had become apparent, the Ottoman state had to take a defensive stand more often (Cleveland and Bunton 47). As a result, in the 18th century, it started to turn into the object of a diplomatic struggle between European countries for economic and political influence. During that time, England, France, and Austria all pressed for the empire’s involvement in political and military conflicts, even though participation in them would not have served the state’s interests. Taking advantage of the corruption and materialism of the High Porte’s bureaucracy, the European representatives sought to create unions in the ruling class (Cleveland and Bunton 258). In this way, many dignitaries of the Ottoman Empire acted to the detriment of the state during diplomatic negotiations. Similarly, the Ottoman Empire became involved in World War I under the influence of Germany, which regarded Porte’s participation in the conflict as an opportunity to block Russia’s access to the Turkish Channels (Cleveland and Bunton 141). In the fall of 1918, the defeat of the German troops forced the Ottoman army to surrender as well. Although it was this defeat that provoked the ultimate disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, it is possible to say that this process had started a few years earlier. Due to the weakening of the Ottoman Empire during the war, in 1915, France and the United Kingdom began secret negotiations on the division of the Arab lands that had strategically important geographical locations and were rich in resources. Russia, and later Italy, also joined in the plans to partition the empire. The agreement is now known by the names of the diplomats who played a key role in its preparation: Englishman Sir Mark Sykes and Frenchman Francois Georges-Picot (Cleveland and Bunton 152). The Sykes-Picot agreement divided the Ottoman territories into zones that were subject to direct annexation or had to be given under the protectorate. According to the plan, the southeast part of modern-day Turkey, northern Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon were to be passed to France (Cleveland and Bunton 207), while Britain was to gain control over the southern and central regions of present-day Iraq. The territory between the French and British zones was to be made into an Arab kingdom under a British-French protectorate, and virtually the entire area of Palestine, including Jerusalem, was subject to the international management area. Russia had no claim to the Arab territories but hoped to gain control over the straits of Bosporus and Dardanelles. According to the Constantinople Agreement made in 1915 by Britain, France, and Russia, the Turkish Straits were to be passed under Russian control, and Constantinople was to become a free port (Cleveland and Bunton 151). Additionally, in 1918, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the principles of the Empire’s partitioning, which aimed to ensure the provision of sovereignty for the Turkish part of the state, to support safety and autonomous development for all non-Turkish nations, and to guarantee the opening of the straits for all vessels according to international regulations (Cleveland and Bunton 164). However, it was easier to proclaim than to realize these ideas—indeed, there were significant controversies between France and Britain regarding the partitioning of the Near East, while the British also had obligations to the Arabic leaders who had supported the Allies in their fight against the Ottomans. For instance, the Sharif of Mecca, Husayn ibn Ali, expected the Allies to recognize him as the caliph of an independent Arab state (Cleveland and Bunton 149). Moreover, Greeks, Armenians, and Ottoman Turks all had their requirements. In this way, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was stimulated by three conflicting plans of the parties involved in the issue: the independence movements, the French mandates, and the British mandates. Conclusion The agreements included in the Sykes-Picot Agreement did not come into effect but rather laid the foundation for further negotiations between the parties. Along with the creation of the new states, the treaty set the stage for many regional conflicts. For example, one of the central points of the agreement was the issue of control over Palestine, which London had made more complicated by promising to both Arabs and Zionists. Due to the multiple controversies associated with the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, for over a century, the Sykes-Picot Agreement has remained a symbol of Western intervention in the affairs of the Middle East. Works Cited Cleveland, William L., and Martin Bunton. A History of the Modern Middle East. 6th ed. 2016. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Isolation and Capital Punishments Essay Isolation and capital punishments are both social evils. Isolating people deprives them the right to stay with their families, and limits their freedom of movement (Samaha 418). Besides, isolated persons seem to acquire brain disorders in the end and they become obliterated socially. On the other hand, capital punishments such as deaths deprives of people the freedom of life and goes against God’s command which disallows intentional killings of persons, or murder. Human beings need interaction with other people due to their social nature. Harlow used monkeys to study impacts of social isolation by raising these monkeys in a nursery. He concluded that neglected and orphaned children experience psychological damage, similar to monkeys. Therefore, he showed that children need nurturing for proper functioning of their brains (Gawande par. 9). Experiments on human adults also show similar results. Long distance sailors, who only communicate through videos report high levels of loneliness that destroy their souls. Anderson, a chief Middle East correspondent, missed people terribly during his confinement. He dozed off and yearned for any form of activity during the day. Later, he began trembling and he feared to lose his mind. Eventually, Anderson lost his mind and he began beating his forehead against the wall. Proponents of long-term isolation in prisons argue that it prevents violence and offers discipline (Gawande par. 13). When prisoners disobey rules by engaging in drugs and attacking correction staff, wardens have no choice but to offer penalty in efforts to contain the behavior (Gawande par. 13). Therefore, proponents label isolation as unavoidable and term all those that fail to support this idea as naïve. In America, the number of prisoners in isolation is quite high. America believes that confining prisoners together increases violence due to overcrowding. Besides, some criminals are just too dangerous for common housing. Britain tried solitary confinement of prisoners, but it failed as violence in the cells increased. Alternatively, Britain adopted a system of preventing violence in prison instead of offering more punishments. They presented violent prisoners with more control by offering them opportunities for work, education as well as special programming (Gawande par. 72). Britain found out that prisoners who were extremely violent in one area behaved perfectly well in other areas. In the same way, Felton, a psychosis who faced confinement at some point, argues against solitary confinement. Capital punishment, similar to isolation, is also evil. Death penalty is certainly wrong, since every human being has a right to life. Besides, governments attain moral authority from God and thus, should not break His command against murder and avenge (Scalia par. 13). No person has power to avenge by death, as this is a divine responsibility. Besides, most crimes that lead to capital punishments are less likely to come from the same offender for a second time. For instance, domestic murder that results from passion is unlikely to come from the same person for a second time. Nevertheless, involved persons undergo life imprisonment just as a form of punishment, or justice. Clearly, this is vengeance, which is against the will of God. Besides, such persons are not likely to gain from any form of rehabilitation offered in prisons. Rather, imprisonment will just make them to lose their minds due to loneliness experienced in isolation. The main reason behind punishment inflicted by the society is to rectify disorder that results from the offense. However, it is obvious that capital punishment hardly defends the society, or corrects disorder. The structure of the word’s penal system has seen much upgrading to include cells that are very clean, meals planned by nutritionists, rooms for exercise and even allows visits by partners. This arrangement of just retribution does not prohibit evil acts, as people are not afraid to face reprimand with these conditions. The penalty of death is wrong, as no government or person has moral authority over life. The main force behind modern hatred to the death penalty is comparing government morality with personal morality. This is plain due to contemporary democratic governments. The catholic religion, for instance, allows death penalty if it makes prudential considerations However, it becomes difficult to know when such considerations are prudent. The Catholic Church disallows maters such as abortion and birth control totally, yet considers death penalty as just and right in some occasions. In conclusion, both isolation and capital punishments are social evils. Isolating prisoners causes psychological damage and does not stop violence, or discipline them as expected. While proponents of isolation label it as unavoidable, a country like Britain has adopted a system of preventing violence in prison, and not practicing isolation. Violent prisoners get more control through opportunities such as work and education. Similarly, capital punishment in the form of death penalty is wrong, as life is divine. Besides, death penalty does not prevent crime, as same offenders never commit most crimes that lead to capital punishments. In addition, death penalty for vengeance is unjustifiable according to biblical doctrine. Therefore, societies should ban capital punishments and try other ways of handling persons who commit serious offenses. Works Cited Gawande, Atul. Hellhole: The United States holds tens of thousands of inmates in long-term solitary confinement. Is this torture? The New Yorker . 30 Mar. 2009. Web. Samaha, Joel. Criminal justice, Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006. Print. Scalia, Antonin. God’s Justice and Ours. Issue Archive . May 2002. 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Socialization in Malls in the 21st Century Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Socialization in Malls 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Humans are social beings. It is a part of their culture to come together and interact with each other (Peterson 110). The modes of socialization vary depending on place, time and culture. The way people socialized in the 19 th and 20 th century is different with the way people socialize in the 21 st century. Also, the way people socialize in Africa is different with the way they socialize in America, Europe or Asia. Socialization is an important aspect in the life of humans. This paper therefore investigated the manner in which people socialize in malls in the 21 st century. Socialization in Malls A shopping mall is composed of one or more buildings which are interconnected with walkways and contains a number of merchandises that enable visitors to have an easy access. Malls have become favorable places for shopping and recreation especially in the western countries since the 1920s (Channel 2). They are mainly located in suburban areas where they give an indoor impression of the traditional markets. Due to their rise in popularity, they have managed to affect the behavior and culture of people. Their impacts on the lives of people of the United States and the whole world in general vary depending on age, sex and nationality. Man has therefore used this fact to his advantage and utilized mall to fulfill his needs of socialization (Berns 6). Malls have become one of the best places where people go to spend time, socialize and purchase goods and services. This is because malls have a variety of merchandises which offer the goods and services which are needed by the people of the society. They therefore play the role of modern day market. Due to this fact, they attract people of all ages, sexes and cultural backgrounds. As a result, they have been one of the favorable places where people meet and socialize (Silverman 54). From my observations, it is evident that malls can accommodate different groups of people (Hicks 45). Children for example visit malls because they contain places where they can have fun. In the process, they mix, interact and have fun together. The type of fun varies with age and sex but in general they would visit arcade shops, movie theatres, restaurant and food shops and in some occasions clothing shops. Women on the other hand love to spend a lot of time shopping at the mall. They visit a number of places, do a lot of shopping. In the process they get attracted by new things which they see around hence spend more time investigating them and deciding whether to buy or not. Unlike men, women like to explore the mall. Most couples also love to spend time at the mall. In the process they tend to interact with other people and couples. From the observation most couples felt that it was a way to bond and make their relationship stronger and more interesting. Conclusion From these observations, it is therefore evident that malls have evolved to be one of the favorable where people come to spend much of their free time and socialize. They are a representation of the modern world market. Different people visit the mall for different reasons and in the process they meet, interact and socialize with other people. Malls have therefore influenced the culture of cultures and societies in the western world. This is because it can accommodate the needs and cultures of people of different ages, race and backgrounds. Works Cited Channel, Discovery. Why (most) women like to shop. MSNBC, Jan 2011. Web. Berns, R. M. Child, Family, School, Community Socialization and Support . New York: Cengage Learning, 2010. Hicks, C. Art therapy Portfolio: Gender, Culture and Ethnicity Factors in Family Functioning . Belmont: NDNU, 2008. Peterson, A. L. Being human: ethics, environment, and our place in the world. California: University of California Press, 2001. Silverman, J. L. Forums, fairs, futures: a journey in time through markets of the world. Boston: Leadership Publishers, 1992. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Business in the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. GCC common market 3. GCC customs union 4. Conclusion 5. Reference List Introduction GCC is an acronym for the Gulf Cooperation Council for the Arab (Gulf Cooperation Council, 2012). The cooperation is a framework that unites the Gulf regional states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Oman. The GCC basic objective is to promotion, coordination, integration and interconnection among the member states in terms of economy, finance, trade, customs, tourism, agriculture, science and technology, mining and legislation. This aims at strengthening ties and cooperation in private and public sectors of the member states (Gulf Cooperation Council, 2012). GCC common market The GCC common market is an economic integration that seeks to promote economic linkages among the member states. The agreement gives the citizens from the member states equal rights to employment, healthcare, education and participation in stock markets trading, establishing companies and trade of properties (Oxford Business Group, 2008). The common market facilitates free movement of labour and capital among the six member states. The member states also agreed on removal of trade barriers to facilitate the free movement of goods and services between member states with an aim of encouraging interstate commerce (Oxford Business Group, 2008). The GCC common market has a positive effect on trade in the region. The framework has the potential to expand trade up to three to four times above the levels that existed before the common market was established. At the same time, the common market is expected to boost international trade. The removal of interstate trade barriers by the common market opens the entire block to international trade because there is only one entry point for trading (Oxford Business Group, 2008). This is likely to increase direct foreign investment in the region. The common market is also expected to encourage member states to diversify greatly to benefit from the block trading boom. Additionally, the companies take the advantage of the free market to merge and amalgamate. The acquisitions and mergers are crucial in eliminating transaction costs, which reduce the cost of commodities. This works at the advantage to importers who source the goods at affordable prices (Oxford Business Group, 2008). GCC customs union The GCC member states have unified customs regulations and procedures that contribute to enhancement of cooperation among member sates (Low & Salazar, 2011). The regulations establish common external custom tariff and custom regulations. The agreement also eliminates all tariffs and nontariff barriers and gives consideration to agriculture and veterinarian quarantine. Furthermore, the customs regulations have rules that address prohibited and restricted goods in the economic block. The regulations require the treatment of any member state’s goods as national goods by another member state (Low & Salazar, 2011). The regulations have also considerably reduced the flow of counterfeit and prohibited commodities between member states. This is extremely beneficial for businesses because the products usually affect business to greater extents. The custom regulations are of significant importance because goods move freely across the member states without being subjected to extra duties. Majority of the industries in member states benefit from these regulations because they can freely source for labour and vital raw materials without paying the cross-border taxes and levies. The free flow of manufactured products among the member states catalyses business growth in the region (Low & Salazar, 2011). Conclusion The GCC has successfully contributed to robust business growth in member states. The elimination of trade barriers and tariffs has a positive impact on business growth. Full implementation of the GCC regulations is necessary to maintain the positive step in trade of the region. The regulations and rules should be strengthened to improve trade and economic integration in the region. Reference List Gulf Cooperation Council 2012, Gulf Cooperation Council . Web. Oxford Business Group 2008, The report, Oxford Business Group: Oxford. Low, L & Salazar, L C 2011, The Gulf Cooperation Council: A rising power and lessons for ASEAN , Institute of Southeast Asian Studies: Singapore. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Two of the females are 22 years old and are in committed relationships whereas the other female is 23 years old and is single. Two of the male participants are 22 years old and single. The other male participant is 28 years old and is in a committed relationship. All the participants agree that it is acceptable to have sex before marriage. However, the males are more liberal than the females because they all think that the maximum duration that a couple ought to take before engaging in sex is one month. The females, on the other hand, think that the minimum time before engaging in sex ought to be six months. This means that the males are likely to engage in sex earlier than the females. In addition, the male subjects agree with having friends for purely sexual acts without committed relationships. Two of the females are not interested in a “friends with benefits” relationship. However, only one of the females accepts that she can consent to a “friends with benefits” relationship if the guy in question is someone who she likes. The males are sexually liberal than females because most females tend to get involved emotionally and psychologically with their sexual partners. Males, on the other hand, simply view sex as the physical act. They, therefore, do not attach themselves emotionally to their sexual partners hence the ability to have sex (without a committed relationship) with many partners without a sense of guilt. The definition of dating varies with gender to some extent. The male participants see dating as “hanging out” with a friend of the opposite sex, which may include sex. The females view dating as spending time with someone without involving sexual activity. All the participants agree “booty call” has sex as the sole intention. Their thoughts on hooking up are diverse and do not correlate with the participants’ age or gender. For example, some participants think that hooking up includes sex as the key agenda while others think that hooking up has different results. The participants unanimously agree “open relationships” promote promiscuity and no one is willing to be part of open relationships. The participants also agree that cheating involves having a relationship (sexual or not) with someone other than one’s official spouse. Technology makes dating convenient since people can communicate effortlessly via email and online chatting services. Technology also facilitates meeting new people. However, technology makes it easy for unfaithful spouses to cheat on their partners. The male participants are open to online dating. The females, however, find online dating a misuse of time as they do not trust the people they meet online. The two parties reach a compromise that watching pornography does not affect relationships. However, all males are willing to watch pornography with their partners whereas only one of the three females is willing to do so. None of the participants agrees on swapping of partners or “swinging.” The 28-year old male subject is the only one who agrees to have a threesome. All these outcomes are because everyone regardless of age or gender tends to guard jealously their sexual partner. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
President Nixon’s Impeachment After the Watergate Incident Essay (Movie Review) If you were President Ford would you have impeached or pardoned Nixon? From Watergate’s incident, President Nixon deserved impeachment having attempted to cover-up the 1972’s political break-in at the DNC’s headquarter. In personal opinion, President Ford could have not pardoned Nixon following his unlawful deeds. As the then president of the US mandated to embraced justice, democracy, and integrity, Nixon deserved a thorough conviction having failed to satisfy these virtues. It was clear (as investigated by FBI) that Nixon and his administration were the principal schemers of the criminal incidences witnessed at the NDC headquarter indicated earlier (Bottom 1). This is a critical provision when considered critically. Additionally, his attempts to cover-up the incident based on his authority as the then-sitting president were unlawful and impractical. For that matter, it is crucial to argue that President Nixon could have been impeached due to his illegal deeds and the misuse of the presidential office. Elections should be free and fair; nonetheless, the scheme (steered by Nixon’s administration) violated such principles. This indicates why such incidences should be charged before the court of law to establish, ratify, and embrace justice within the country. Whether what he did was serious It is crucial to agree that what President Richard Nixon did was serious when regarded in the democratic, political, and legal realms. The fact that the incident was political indicated how he wanted to rig his reelection to the white house for another term. This was politically incongruent with what was expected of a topmost leader. Additionally, the tape records grasped in his office indicated clearly how he was involved in the act (ICSI 1). It is vital to claim that Nixon’s administration did not embrace democracy as demonstrated on various occasions. The fact that he attempted to cover-up the incident was a serious occurrence in his administration. He could have allowed for flawless investigations to occur on the matter rather than taking sides. Additionally, the fact that he indulged in illegal raids and attempted to cover-up the entire incident was serious in various contexts. Would you have resigned if you were Nixon? Due to the nature of the incidence, relevant investigations executed by FBI, and subsequent court orders, I could have also resigned if I were President Nixon. This was to reduce the anxiety and mistrust that Americans had started bestowing on Nixon’s administration. The pressure concerning the matter was uncontainable and the situation could have worsened in case Nixon failed to resign (NationalGeographic 1). This move was necessary to restore normalcy within the country. Additionally, it could have been hard to win the election due to the negative impacts fronted by the incident. Similarly, the fact that some of Nixon’s administrators had been vindicated worsened the situation. This shows why it was vital to resign from the docket of the presidency to allow for just and reasonable investigations to occur on the matter. What do you think of President Nixon? President Nixon wanted to manipulate his way back to the statehouse by disabling democrats in the political realms. This indicates the aspects of secrecy, selfishness, injustice, prejudice, and inequality embraced by Nixon in his previous presidential bids. Conversely, Nixon cooperated with the law, political dynamics, and loved the nation (US) more than his interests. This is evident by his presidential resignation and being the first American president to do so. Works Cited Bottom, Foggy. Watergate. 2012. Web. ICSI. Watergate Scandal Summary . Web. NationalGeographic. Watergate . 2012. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Rehabilitation 3. Punish 4. References Introduction There are various reasons for prison to exist. Brown (2012) viewed prison as a place where society is protected against criminals. A prison’s main aim is to rehabilitate people who happen to be destructive to the economy. By rehabilitating them, the prison offers the inmates various opportunities to learn skills. By learning these skills they may avoid having bad traits, become law-abiding citizens and thus contribute to the growth of an economy. Rehabilitation Rehabilitation is important to make criminals less harmful and productive. This is one of the purposes of prisons, especially for young adults. In prisons, the young people are taught to be responsible for their deeds in the society they live in, they are taught to avoid their involvement in criminal activities (Brown, 2012). The inmates rehabilitated attend some programs which offer educational services. Apart from learning, they develop emotionally, spiritually, and psychologically. The educational programs available in the prison are of great benefit to the inmates and the society as such. The inmates acquire various skills in masonry, carpentry, and construction. All these skills make the inmates productive thus contributing to the growth of an economy. Punish A prison is supposed to be designed in such a way that the harsh conditions in it should be a form of punishment for inmates. However, in most prisons this is not the case because they eat three meals a day and the majority of prisoners watch television. However, the seclusion from their families and restriction of movement is quite sufficient punishments for them. Lack of freedom to call whenever they want, play games, go out or have leisure time is also a perfect punishment for prisoners. There are other forms of punishment where some inmates get strokes of canes. They are also given heavy work by the police wardens (Muncie, 2001). Prisons are supposed to reduce and eliminate crimes in society. They prevent people from committing crimes for fear of going back to prisons (Muncie, 2001). Reducing crimes is supposed to be the main reason for running the prison. Despite this, the inmates should be protected from abuse by their counterparts. The abuse includes rape, beatings, and killings. References Brown, M. (2012). Imprisonment and detention in Marmo, M., de Lint, W. and Palmer, D., Crime and Justice . Sydney: A Guide to Criminology Law Book Co. Muncie, J. (2001). Prison Histories: Reform, Repression and Rehabilitation in McLaughlin .London: Open University. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cold War Between the United States and the Soviet Union Essay The matters of the cold war have been regarded by historians from both sides of the ocean for the years, and everyone accuses the opposite side of starting the cold war. If regarding things objectively, both sides behaved aggressively towards each other in sharing the conquered Germany. Both sides tried to capture additional spheres of influence, as both believed in the righteousness of the inclinations and aims. As it is known, the official start of the Cold War is considered Winston Churchill’s speech in Fulton, which was called “The Sinews of Peace,” declaring that an “iron curtain” had descended across Europe. From the standpoint of the Soviets, the speech was an incitement for the West to begin a war with the USSR, as it called for an Anglo-American alliance against the Soviets. The worsening of the relations had been observed long before it, as the tension had been previously mentioned in “Long Telegram”, which became the basis for the further theory of containment, which in some measure added fuel to the common fire of the Cold War. The Long Telegram did not really cause the adoption of the Cold War policy via NSC-68 (National Strategy of Containment). NSC-68 offered for a distinctly dissimilar type of containment than that stated in the Long Telegram. The Long Telegram called for financial embargoes against the USSR, whereas NSC-68 called for militaristic pressures. Kennan believed that it was satisfactory to permit the Soviets to increase Communism to nations adjoining the USSR as these countries would only serve the reason of comprising a rightful security buffer zone for the USSR. Opposing Kennan’s opinion, NSC-68 stated that any and all “defeats” of nations to Communism (characterized in the Domino theory) were intolerable and a threat to US national security. While NSC-68 offered military force to discontinue these ” defeats,” Kennan felt that it was pointless to try to stop the Soviets in this attempt. These are two disconnect policies that offer two various means to attain two dissimilar ends. On September 6, 1946, James F. Byrnes proclaimed a speech in Germany, disclaiming the Morgenthau Plan and warning the Soviets that the US meant to support an armed attendance in Europe indefinitely. As Byrnes confessed one month later, “The nub of our program was to win the German people it was a battle between US and Russia over minds. It is necessary to emphasize, that the wartime coalition between the United States and the Soviet Union began to disentangle even before the end of World War II. When the war ended, the Red Army occupied much of Eastern Europe. The obvious weakness of Western Europe raised the ghost of communism spreading even further. Although the Marshall Plan helped restore Western Europe, other events of the late 1940s kept tension high: the Communist coup in Czechoslovakia and Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948, the fall of China and the Soviet A-bomb in 1949. Soviet support for the North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950 confirmed the threat in Western eyes. References Deighton, Anne. The Impossible Peace: Britain, the Division of Germany and the Origins of the Cold War. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Leffler, Melvyn P., and David S. Painter. Origins of the Cold War: An International History. New York: Routledge, 1994. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Student Assessment Interpretation and Dissemination Essay Assessment is the process of interpreting and collecting relevant information used to give information to students and parents about the progress they are making academically towards attaining the skills, knowledge, and behaviors taught Miller, Linn & Gronlund (2009). The performance of student A is excellent and it show that the student solved the problem correctly, and he included the correct units for Area and Perimeter; thus he scores all the marks. * Identify, which students will need to be re-taught the math content. The assessment results show that student’s B and D need to be re-taught. * Briefly describe ( suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs ) at least two mathematical strengths of each student whose response indicates the need to re-teach the math content. Student B: Student B shows some strength in his performance. His first strong point is in the calculation of perimeter where he used the correct formula to get the correct answer, and he applied the correct units. He performed the multiplication bit of the task successfully. Secondly, his strength is that he first indicates the formula he will use before doing the actual calculations and this gives him an advantage. His calculation makes some algebraic sense in terms of getting the perimeter of the figure. He understands that perimeter is all round the figure and by doing so; he is able to arrive at the correct answer. This shows that the student’s ability to undertake the mentioned tasks as regards the assignment indicates his understanding of the mathematical skills. Student D: Student D’s strength is that he is in a position to correctly state what the perimeter of the polygon is, he states correctly the formula of calculating the perimeter of the rectangle, and he correctly performs the related additions of the task. The student’s knowledge to conduct these tasks as it regards the assignment shows a clear understanding of the mathematical skills. * Briefly describe ( suggested length of 2–3 paragraphs ) at least two mathematical weaknesses of each student whose response indicates the need to re-teach the math content. Student B: The weakness of student B is that he does not show a clear understanding of the ability to determine the correct area of the polygon using the correct method. This is shown in the explanation and calculation of this part of the worksheet. The other weakness is that the student fails to correctly identify the unit representation of the area computation. The student fails to provide the cm 2 notation, and in addition to this, the student does not provide any unit in this task. These two weaknesses provide the basis to reteach the student the correct mathematical formula for calculating the area of the rectangle. Student D: The weakness of student D is in the provision of the correct unit for the perimeter of the rectangle. The student writes the answer as cm 2 . This is a clear indication of a weakness in determining the difference in unit representation when calculating the perimeter and area of the polygon. The student neglects an important procedure of showing how they calculated the work essential to compute their answer. The student does not know how to do multiplication. He cannot distinguish between addition and multiplication. His answers (7 & 14) are for perimeter. This shows that the student needs re-teaching in the way he presents his answer in the correct mathematical format (Salvia, 2009) STUDENT SCORE RANK COMMENT A 12/12 1 Excellent C 9/12 2 Very Good B 7/12 3 Good D 6/12 4 Average In conclusion, the comments encourage the student to correct his errors and point out the inconsistencies in the student’s performance Slavin (2009). The comments clarify a given point as evidenced by the performance of the student. From the discussion, it is evident that the students perform differently in the test, which can be linked to factors such as health of the student, background and the attitude of the student towards the subject Borich (2007). References Borich, G. D. (2007). Effective teaching methods : research-based practice. New York: Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson Merrill/Prentice Hall. Miller, M. D., Linn, R. L., & Gronlund, N. E. (2009). Measurement and assessment in teaching. New York: Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Merrill/Pearson. Slavin, R. (2009). Educational psychology: Theory and practice. Boston: Pearson. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Medical professionals face an essential task – to provide timely assistance. The importance of making a correct diagnosis is obvious – even the most correct treatment for a false diagnosis can cause serious harm to health. The diagnosis of a fifty-year-old man can be pneumonia. Most likely, the patient is suffering from viral pneumonia, as the man mentioned the recent illness of a neighbor. For a mild degree of this disease, a light state of intoxication, light fever with a temperature up to 38°C, normal arterial pressure, and a heartbeat less than 90 beats per minute, no difficulty in breathing, and the insignificant inflammatory phenomenon is found (Marchello et al., 2019). In most lung diseases, the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which doctors call pneumococcus, is to blame (Weiser et al., 2018). The peculiarities of the duration of pneumonia are defined by the seriousness, the features of the causative agent, and the existence of harmful consequences. Their occurrence is hazardous for elderly patients, therefore timely treatment is necessary. The exact cause of respiratory diseases, accompanied by a cough with green sputum, is designed to establish diagnostics. Such studies as biochemical blood tests, respiratory tract examinations, and bacterioscopy sputum smears are required. Azithromycin, a macrolide group antibiotic, should be prescribed. It has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action, and Gram-positive microorganisms are sensitive to it (Keenan et al., 2019). The patient can also be prescribed oseltamivir (Tamiflu), which inhibits neuraminidase and destroys the receptors of the infected cell for viral hemagglutinin (Shi et al., 2017). Due to the inhibition, the release of viruses from infected cells and the spread of the virus are reduced. In conclusion, the patient can be diagnosed with a case of viral pneumonia. Pneumonia is a lung disease, an acute and severe disease of the inferior breathing organs of a contagious kind. This is indicated by the symptoms and the recent illness of a neighbor, from which the man could become infected. For treatment, the antibiotics Azithromycin and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) can be used. References Keenan, J. D., Arzika, A. M., Maliki, R., Boubacar, N., Elh Adamou, S., Moussa Ali, M., Cook, C., Lebas, E., Lin, Y., Ray, K.J., O’Brien, K.S., & Doan, T. (2019). Longer-term assessment of azithromycin for reducing childhood mortality in Africa. New England Journal of Medicine, 380 (23), 2207-2214. Marchello, C. S., Ebell, M. H., Dale, A. P., Harvill, E. T., Shen, Y., & Whalen, C. C. (2019). Signs and symptoms that rule out community-acquired pneumonia in outpatient adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis . The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 32 (2), 234-247. Web. Shi, Y., Zhang, B., Lu, Y., Qian, C., Feng, Y., Fang, L., Ding, Z., & Cheng, D. (2017). Antiviral activity of phenanthrenes from the medicinal plant Bletilla striata against influenza A virus . BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17 (1), 1-14. Web. Weiser, J. N., Ferreira, D. M., & Paton, J. C. (2018). Streptococcus pneumoniae: Transmission, colonization and invasion. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16 (6), 355-367. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Conversation Poem “Frost at Midnight” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Themes of “Frost at Midnight” 3. Literary Devices 4. Physical and Emotional Shifts 5. Work Cited Introduction Samuel Taylor Coleridge was an English poet, theologian, philosopher, literary critic, and a member of the Lake Poets. The conversation poem “Frost at Midnight” was written in 1798, and this literary work, Coleridge is the speaker, and his infant son, Hartley Coleridge, is the silent listener. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and explain the poem’s themes and what helps the writer deliver the message to the reader. Moreover, several literary devices and means of artistic expression used in “Frost at Midnight,” the speaker’s attitude, and physical and emotional shifts will be discussed. Themes of “Frost at Midnight” In this poem, Coleridge explores and discusses the relationship between happiness and the environment and reflects on childhood’s idyllic innocence. In this literary work, several essential themes are connected. Since in this poem Coleridge is concerned with his infant son, one of the main themes is family. The poet thinks about his high hopes for Hartley, his bright future, and the ability to grow up being close to Nature: But thou, my babe! shalt wander like a breeze By lakes and sandy shores, beneath the crags Of ancient mountain, and beneath the clouds Which image in their bulk both lakes and shores (Coleridge, lines 55-58). This is rather unselfish from the poet, and it shows his genuine love for his infant son. Another theme is God and religion as the poet hopes that Hartley will have some kind of spiritually-fulfilling life, appreciate and enjoy it, and live up to the poet’s lost promise. According to Coleridge, God is entirely benevolent and loving and desires to enter into a relationship with people (Coleridge, lines 61-65). In this poem, the writer hopes that precisely Nature can provide his son with the key to developing that relationship. What helps Coleridge to deliver his messages to the audience is his melancholic tone and the sincere wish of happiness to his son. The poet becomes the father of all his readers who understand his ideas and start seeing Nature differently. Literary Devices Imagery helps the readers to understand the emotions and feelings of the writer by letting them see, or imagine, what is described. In the line “quietly shining to the quiet Moon,” imagery is quite evident (Coleridge, line 75). 1. Personification is providing inanimate objects with human qualities so that they are better understood by the audience. In this poem, for instance, the frost and the wind are personified (Coleridge, lines 1-2). 2. Symbolism means giving qualities and ideas symbolic meanings that are different from the literal ones. For example, here, dreams symbolize the importance of imagination, and frost represents the powerful and subtle force of nature, while. 3. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within the same line. For instance, in the line “Gives it dim sympathies with me who live,” the sound of /i/ is repeated (Coleridge, line 18). 4. Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds within the same line. In the sentence “the Frost performs its secret ministry,” the sound of /r/ is repeated (Coleridge, line 1). 5. Alliteration is also the repetition of consonant sounds within the same line but only in quick succession. For instance, in “and think that thou shalt learn far other lore,” the sound of /th/ is repeated (Coleridge, line 51). Physical and Emotional Shifts The tone of the poem shifts several times as the poet changes his thoughts from his past, Hartley’s future, God, and happiness. Moreover, by shifting the scene to the summertime and his boyhood, Coleridge creates a specific sense of inner discomfort that he experiences in his midnight vigil in the cottage. The speaker’s attitude is calm: he is grateful for what he has but sad since he did not manage to achieve his dreams and happiness. However, he believes in his son and his bright future. Work Cited Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. “Frost at Midnight.” Poetry Foundation, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Associationist Theories of Thought Research Paper In general words, Associationism is a theory explaining how different items combine in the human mind to produce thoughts, feelings, and emotions. The key tenets of Associationism are rather simple: all items are associated in the human mind through sets of experiences. The items are derived from diverse experiences and are further combined to form a thought or a feeling. For example, a child learns not to touch fire because the kid associates it with pain, the pain that was memorized from the experience with fire. Furthermore, items can combine to form a complex idea based on several experiences. Associationist psychology is based on two fundamental doctrines. The first doctrine is that the more recondite phenomena of the mind are formed out of simple parts. The second one is that the mental law is the law of association. Overall, associationistic theorists try to explain the mental phenomena by trying to show the final product of the small experiences connected through complex networks of associations. In other words, associationism is an attempt to explain mental phenomena through looking at small experiences and mental laws of association. John Stuart Mill and George Berkeley are two of the most prominent representatives of the Associationistic theory (Wilson 1990). John Mill linked associationist psychology to the issues of moral education and social reform. Interestingly enough, Mill argued that the contents of human minds (namely beliefs and moral feelings) are the ultimate products of diverse experiences people go through. These small experiences are connected by associationistic laws. The different combinations of these experiences may lead to different shapes of human nature. For example, when new experiences are gained, the mind of the person is changing because another connection network of experiences is created. Associationism, as Mill suggested, is based on the assumption that problems of people can be explained by their situations (or associations promoted by these situations) rather than by intrinsic factors (Wilson 1990). Special attention should be paid to the impact made by Mill on equality between a woman and a man. Mill argued that to ensure equality among men and women, the experiences of females should be changed. Consequently, the change in experiences will result in the change in associations, and ultimately it will change their minds. Mill rejected the idea that subordination of women is a natural order. He tried to show that the social superiority of men was also the result of specific experiences that formed the particular associations in minds of both genders (Skorupski 1989). George Berkeley, on the other side, explored the theory of associationism through the senses in general and touch in particular. Berkeley believed that touching provides people with full access to the world. Moreover, Berkeley put forward the idea that the vision of an object does not give true information about the items. For example, the tower has a determinate shape and size but depending on the distance between the tower and an observer, the person gets continually changing visual image (Berman 1994). From the psychological perspective of Berkeley, it happens because there is no associationistic connection between vision and tactic ideas. Nevertheless, some of Berkeley’s assumptions are very similar to Mill’s. In particular, both believed that associations are the results of experiences. From one side, Mill focused on social experiences such as upbringing and the role played by women in society. Berkeley, on the other side, focused on personal experiences, the ones that are not obligatory related to the social factors. Berkley formed his theory of associations on the sensory experiences or the processes of world exploration through touch. Of course, the concept of touch has a broad meaning in this context (Winker 1989). Associationism is highly relevant to modern-day psychology. Theories of Associationism marked the beginning of the development of cognitive psychology explaining the conscious and unconscious response of humans to diverse experiences. Associationism sets the clear connection between experience and thoughts. For example, learning is analyzed as the process of the formation of associations between unrelated information. Most people use association techniques without even being aware of them. Associations are often used to remember the birthday of the friend or answers to the test questions. Thus, Mill and Berkeley set a solid foundation for the development of modern cognitive psychology. Questions 1. What is associationism? Associationism is the theory of psychology explaining the connection between thoughts and past experiences. It explains how people learn and how they react to different situations. 2. What was the key argument of Mill on associations? Mill focused his attention on the importance of social factors’ information of experiences. Mill tried to analyze social phenomena by looking closely at the social factors shaping the experiences of different groups of people. 3. What was the key argument of Berkeley on associations? Berkley explored association through the theory of touch and self-exploration. Unlike other associationistic theorists, Berkley ignored the external factors shaping the nature and essence of experiences. 4. What is the similarity between Mill’s and Berkeley’s views on associations? Both theorists focused their attention on the importance of past experiences for exploration of the world and learning new information. Mill and Berkeley would agree with each other that experiences are the small elements of the association. 5. What is the modern application of associationism in psychology? Cognitive psychology is the direct manifestation of the associationistic theories of Mill, Berkley, and other theorists. References Berman, D. (1994) George Berkeley: Idealism and the Man . Oxford: Clarendon Press. Skorupski, J. (1989) John Stuart Mill . London: Routledge. Wilson, F. (1990) Psychological Analysis and the Philosophy of John Stuart Mill . Toronto: Toronto Univ. Press. Winkler, K. (1989) Berkeley: An Interpretation . Oxford: Clarendon Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – Psychology Essay Symptoms The victims of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) normally experience both compulsions and obsessions though in some people only one symptom is experienced at a time. Obsessive Thoughts (OT) Basically, the often OT encountered in OCD include panics that are linked with germ and dirt infections which bring about serious harms to others. Furthermore, it entails the hostile sensual overt which are intimately correlated to aggressive feelings or imageries. Obsessive thoughts are also symbolized with excessive focus on moral ideals including being too religious, superstitious and the belief that everything must just be right (Leckman et al., 2001). The other sign relates to the fear of lacking the need in life and consequently losing whatever has been acquired and is in possession. Compulsive behavior The common compulsive behavior includes too much attention to personal property to an extent that there is double checking of their safety. It similarly constitutes a continuous and thorough checking of the loved ones to ensure their safety. However, the most notable sign is senseless activities deemed useful in reducing anxiety such as repeating certain words, tapping things and double counting (Eichstedt & Arnold, 2001). Re-arranging or re-ordering things is a further sign of compulsive behavior. Compulsive behavior is also characterized by excessive praying and engagement in excessive religious activities which seem to accrue due to religious fear. In fact, the victims often portray such behaviors by accumulating junky things such as used empty containers, old newspapers or even plastic bags. Treatment Psychotherapy Psychotherapy includes cognitive behavioral therapy that aims in helping the victims to manage their problems by changing the way they think and act. Cognitive behavioral therapy encourages the patients to talk about themselves, people and the environment around them while changing their behaviors. This in turn changes their thoughts and feelings about anything which happens to be around them (Myers, 2010). The result is that the victims will feel better about themselves and about life. Medications Medical treatment for OCD includes the use of antidepressants that majorly consists of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs generally increase the level of brain serotonin. In medicine, serotonin is perceived to be used by the brain to transmit information from one cell to another (Leckman et al., 2001). There are diverse kinds of SSRIs that can be prescribed though they have to be taken for a number of weeks before their effects can be seen. The side effects of SSRIs are severe headaches and anxiety which may cause suicidal thoughts or the desire to cause personal harm. Other treatments Occasionally, medication and psychotherapy may fail to control the symptoms for OCD. Thus, treatments such as psychiatric hospitalization, residential treatment, electroconvulsive therapy, trans-cranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation may be used. Deep brain stimulation is an alternative surgery treatment where an electronic generator is implanted into the patient’s chest while electrodes implanted in the brain. Electric signal is sent from the chest device to the electrodes in the brain. Though the treatment has been proved to be effective in the improvement of the symptoms, it may be accompanied with infections and brain bleeding (Myers, 2010). The final effective treatment for OCD is support group. Basically, support group is useful in reducing the feelings of isolation, reassurance and provides a chance for socialization (Eichstedt & Arnold, 2001). Often, residents provide information as well as advice on how to handle OCD. However, since all the described treatments for OCD have not been thoroughly tested, it is essential that one fully understands the merits and demerits before any treatment is undertaken so as to avoid any possible health risks. References Eichstedt, J. A. & Arnold, S. L. (2001). Childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: A tic-related subtype of OCD? Clinical Psychology Review , vol. 21(1), pp.137-157. Leckman, J. F., Zhang, H, Alsobrook, J. P. & Pauls, D. L. (2001). Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Toward quantitative phenotypes. American Journal of Medical Genetics , vol. 105(1), pp.28-30. Myers, D. G. (2010). Psychology . New York, NY: Worth Publishers, Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Waves of Immigration to the United States Essay Since 1860s, the United States of America has been receiving constant and massive waves of immigration from various European countries. Before 1930s three and a half million British people came to live in the U.S. At the same time, four and a half million of Irish immigrants arrived to America saving themselves from the outcomes of the Great Famine that hit their rural areas in 1845. Mass starvation and poverty became intolerable, so millions of families had to leave their country looking for better life. In total, around twenty five million of Europeans moved to the United States by the beginning of the twentieth century. These were the immigrants from Eastern and Central Europe, from the countries such as Italy, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Greece. At least four millions of the immigrants were Jews. Another large wave of immigration of the refugees of World Wars and disorders happening in the former Russian Empire occurred in the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of twentieth century. The flow of immigration headed mostly to urban areas and big cities such as New York and Boston. Immigrants from Sweden, Norway and Germany settled in the Midwestern states such as the Dakotas and Minnesota. Detroit received a large number of Middle Eastern Muslim immigrants. The newcomers were mostly feared and unwelcome in the American society. Immigration caused a large wave of American xenophobia and groups such as the American Republican Party, promoting regulations and restrictions for immigrants, started to appear. Some of the fears were based on religions practiced by the arrivers. For example, European Catholics were thought to be hostile and controlled by the Pope. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Concept of the Time Value of Money Essay The concept of the time value of money refers to the financial principle noting that a fixed amount of money currently is worth more than the same amount of money in the future. This is explained through the presence of inflation and the earning capacity of money. Provided an interest rate can be earned on a certain monetary sum, this sum’s worth is greater the sooner it is received. The present money can begin to earn its interest as soon as it is received while receiving the same amount in the future does not allow the holder to capitalize on the money’s earning capacity (Rossolillo N., 2021). Consecutively, money received in the future indicates financial losses if compared with the same amount of money received at present. This principle lies behind the most frequent ways of designing and outlining investment and dividend options. Shareholders are faced with the choice of receiving smaller amounts of money immediately as opposed to larger ones in the future. The greater sum of a delayed return compensates for the loss of the dividend’s earning potential. By understanding the time value of money, one can understand the investment decisions, as well as the attractiveness of certain deals. The greater the interest rate provided on money, the greater is the incentive for the investors to attempt to secure it as soon as possible. The time value of money is an instrumental concept in economics as it provides a contextual framework for investments analysis. The formula attached to it allows the researcher to calculate the incentive of receiving the money in the short term by taking into account the size of the sum and the interest rate. Reference Rossolillo N. (2021). What Is the Time Value of Money (TVM)? The Motley Fool. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Effective Teams Course, Its Contents and Approach Essay What Has Been Learned The course “effective teams” is aimed at introducing students to the principal concepts of teaming that represent the core basis of any organization in the modern world. In the course of learning, the students receive valuable knowledge and gain practical skills that can assist them in making effective leaders and creative team members. The course offers a large scope of the relevant material. First and foremost, the students get acquainted with the key challenges that a team is about to meet at an early stage of its formation. They learn about the nature of a potential resistance of group members and analyze its determining factors. Another critical aspect that the course covers is the quality of group performance. In the relevant framework, a particular focus is put on the high performance and the criteria that might be applied to assess it. Thus, the students get to know about such critical elements of a group activity as targeting, decision making and communicating. Moreover, one is welcomed to speculate upon the roles that team members might potentially play and the importance of the stress-free and trust-based environment within the group. Further on, the course passes to specific subjects such as leadership. There are a series of classes devoted to the examination of various leadership strategies, strengths, and weaknesses. A special focus is laid on the team dynamics that play a significant role in determining the quality of group performance. Hence, the students are introduced to the efficient strategies and approaches that can help to maintain a positive team dynamics and avoid dysfunctional performance. One of the most significant questions that the course brings up is the team diversity. Therefore, one has an opportunity to study various types of teams and, most importantly, different practices aimed at managing diverse teams. It is essential to note that the course provides a detailed guideline for leaders to rely on while acting in a particular team. Moreover, a considerable part of the studies is devoted to the analysis of the negative team dynamics. In other words, the students learn to indicate the signs of a potential team failure which is likely to help them carry out the timely measures and prevent the collapse of the group. Therefore, the course provides a large scope of information on executive management and its practical application. Finally, the students are encouraged to narrow the subject to more personal issues and try to generate ways of making an effective leader. It is offered to get acquainted with various approaches to leadership and teaming interpretation and adopt the one that coincides best with the inner perception of these concepts. How It Was Learned The course offers a variety of forms of work so that it is aimed at maximizing the efficiency of studying. The first form of work that the students are engaged in is a personal assessment and a short survey. Further on, the students are also welcomed to take part in the common discussion. The implementation of a discussion activity at an early stage helps the students get to know each other better and creates a tense-free atmosphere in the class. The two principal forms of work, which dominate all the other activities during the course, are a team challenge and a team meeting. Both activities assist students in an immediate application of theoretical knowledge into practice. Therefore, the course is organized in such a way that the major part of the time the students are offered to act within a lifelike environment. Another critical form of work that the course offers is a group project. In the framework of the relevant task, the students are asked to choose and read one of the books on the offered list. The assignment of a team resides in composing a report that should include particular sections, such as the summary, the analysis, the weaknesses’ indication, and the conclusion. This activity helps the students accomplish two aims: gain valuable experience in teaming and receive profound theoretical knowledge of a selected subject. Lastly, it is essential to note that the course implies a lot of reading. Thus, before coming to class, every student is supposed to study the relevant reading material. Such a course structure allows focusing on practical knowledge without neglecting the theoretical background. How It Will Be Applied in the Future In the course of studying, I received a large amount of useful knowledge and practical skills that can be applied in my future career. First of all, as long as I am currently acquainted with the process of a group formation I will essentially see to the fact that my team undergoes all the stages timely and successfully in case I am its leader. Moreover, I learned about the importance of consistent communication among group members. Therefore, being a group member, I will now try to discuss all the flaws of the performance and encourage my teammates to come up with possible solutions. Also, I will put a particular emphasis on concise targeting that I now consider being the critical determinant of the outcomes’ character. Therefore, I will do my best to assure that all the team members have a profound understanding and a common interpretation of the set aims. Besides, it is due to the course that I realized the significance of finding an individual approach to the group members. I will use this insight to select the best motivating and awarding practices. Finally, the course has changed my vision of the accomplished tasks. Whereas I would previously treat them as final milestones overcoming which a group can speed down for a while, I now think of the accomplishments as of the beginning of a new stage. I firmly believe that the knowledge I received during the course will help me find my managerial style and make an effective leader capable of performing consistent decision making and foreseeing potential challenges. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Catholic Relief Services Essay Catholic charities in the US was established in the year 1910,its main goals were to provide free service to the needy as well as advocating for social justice in the society. In the year 2010, the charity organization comprised of more than 1500 agencies and institutions all under the catholic charities network. In the aftermath of disasters, the organization has often been compelled by compassion to support the victims. In the past catholic foundation has helped several hurricane victims to rebuild their lives. For instance, in Baltimore in the year 1998, catholic relief delivered much support to the victims in the aftermath of that tragedy, catholic relief services were reported to have been the first institution apart from the government agencies to offer support in the area. It has been noted that the catholic charities in the past few years have slightly shifted to disaster management and their impact has been huge. Through their combined effort with the USAID, the organization has made huge contributions in the history of US disaster managements. They have actively been involved in the resettlement of hurricane-affected victims in the Honduras, Mitch, California and across Hawaii. In this regard, many catholic charities have gotten high ratings from the private agencies. However, the organization charitable foundation is still blurred by numerous challenges thus more applicable policies need to be implemented in their disaster management programs. In Honduras, the organization found their charity service involving. Catholic agencies in Honduras were familiar with well-practiced plans and budget but the hurricane disaster of 1998 caught them unaware. Their infrastructures were severely damaged by the storm hence the agencies needed support of more than $100,000 to support the victims. Thus, economist should treat charitable funding as a demanding activity. They should then involve all members of the community in delivering services and funds to the affected communities. Therefore, it is advisable for such religious organization to appeal for more funding from other religious and corporate organizations globally to ensure to meet their goals. However, during these processes vigilance and legitimacy of donor funding should be upheld. Critics argue that most corporate philanthropy acts are advocated by managers for their own self-gains and to boost their shareholder values. To avoid such accusations, economists are to ensure that they present practical and logical proposals to corporations to validate their legitimacy for philanthropy. Through their disaster reliefs programs the organization should characterize disasters into four stages and should realize that their support does not only end when the media coverage subsidies but continues afterwards for a long period. In my opinion, the catholic relief services should know and differentiate each phase of disaster relief, as each phase has different goals and objectives. Therefore, their donor support should first be directed towards restoration of order in the affected community. Secondly, the second phase should be aimed at stabilizing and restoration of the daily activities in the affected areas. Similarly, in the last two phases, funding should be directed towards community rebuilding and education. This is done to mitigate and enlighten the affected society in case of future catastrophe. If these acts are followed and implemented as they are required, the donor’s aims and goals of funding will effectively be achieved. One of the most challenging tasks facing managerial economist in catholic charity services is the choice private organizations to work with for effective delivery of services. Their economist should wisely consider this choice before making any effort of support, as in the aftermath of a disaster many charitable organizations spring up claiming to support the victims, among which most are illegitimate. Therefore, all donor organizations should make educated choice on whom to channel their support if they are to realize the effective impact of their contribution. Through the use internet the managerial economist are required to assess various organizations websites to ascertain their legitimacy and for effective assessment, they are supposed to consult their church representatives in the affected regions. Similarly, catholic relief services should focus should on where their funding is directed. Is it national or international? Similarly, they should consider the phases of their funding. Immediately after a disaster, support to the victims is normally achieved through the national and international donor associations. This is made possible by their united effort in assembling resources globally and using them to meet the victims’ needs. In such instances, local community donors are usually immobilized with the rest of the victims. Therefore, managerial economist should consider funding their support in the early days after a tragedy. If the organization is to make a social impact in their current and future areas they lend their support, educated and informed decisions are to be made. Similarly, the financial economist must decide on the form of support they are going to engage in. Therefore, the issue of use money or labor support comes in. Monetary support is the most effective way of assisting the affected victims as the managerial economist have limited information on the affected communities. As a result donations inform of cash should be termed as the most effective way of donor funding as cash are flexible allowing the charity teams to allocate the funds where there are most needed. Consequently, when committing charity towards international reliefs, managerial economist ought to consider allocating the funds to specific areas rather than on specific catastrophes. If this is done, the donors fund will effectively be used during and after the catastrophes to mitigate on the disasters. After the victims’ needs are met, donor money may then be used to educate the population and to implement appropriate measures and strategies meant to reduce the futures communities’ risk. Such measures are very appropriate in disaster recurring zones such as Gulf coast hit regularly by hurricanes. Because the catholic charity services cannot thwart such tragedies, they are required to help their communities in strategically planning and allocating appropriate charity funds to make a difference in the victims’ lives. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Globalization effects 3. Access to funds 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The world has become a global village and the current generation can boast of a rich technological advancement. Communication has become effective and the flow of information is almost instant while moving from one corner of the world to another has become easy, faster, and more affordable due to logistical advancements. In addition, globalization has caused the integration of economies, societies, and cultures. In relation to business, trade, foreign investments, capital flows, and technology have grown maximally in the last few decades due to globalization (Daniells, 1976, p.57). This paper discusses global integrations and how businesses can source funds beyond borders that are cheaper than within their borders. It describes the dimensions of a strategy to acquire these lower-cost funds and greater availability of capital. Globalization effects Due to globalization, borders are only useful to describe national boundaries but every other activity is turning international or borderless. Economic integration has been common with trade blocks being expanded and trade rules being abolished to accommodate other partners. Moreover, trade has become liberal and many ports have been declared free ports to increase the magnitude of business (Madura, 2006 p.183). This has led to businesses seeking capital so that they can expand beyond borders and cash in on the sprouting opportunities. Access to funds Due to global integration, many firms have access to new and cheaper sources of funds beyond those available in their home markets. Since there have been new markets, new sources of capital have also come up. In his article “banking services sees no bounds” Lee (2008) explains how multinational financial corporations strive to attract clients in their fold, a situation that has been possible due to a free mature international market. He cites banks as the major institutions that lend money for capital to investors so that they can make returns. Citibank is available in 36 countries and territories (Lee, 2008) globally; though this is a small number of branches it gives an indication that global banking has been on the rise. Due to this competition between multinational financial institutions, the costs involved in obtaining credit have been reduced and the terms to qualify to obtain funds become less strict. This has led to firms have a wide variety of sources to choose from so that they can access credit. Indeed, firms opt to go for the lowest interests and less strict regulations whenever possible (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2007, p.127). Some firms even offer to refinance debts that the firms have, making them top-up their cash reserves and have more funds for further investment. Multinational financial institutions also consider grants and rebates to their customers when the firms are at risk of collapse. These institutions also consider factors such as cost of capital, financial structures, and equity when they issue funds to firms. Acquiring funds from outside borders also needs a firm to consider the corporate strategy, capital budgeting, acquisition and valuation, and the risks adjustments involved (Eiteman, Stonehill & Moffett, 2007, p.396). Such risks may include foreign exchange risks, cultural risks, and political risks among others. Whatever the source of funds these risks must be considered seriously so that the firm maximizes profits and net cash flows and that the market value of the firm never lowers (Palmer, 2002). Conclusion Globalization in the world of business can be viewed as dynamic and many investors have invested and reaped maximally. The firms struggling for global competitive advantage over other firms then need to rethink the methods of achieving their costs management and have steady capital availability in order to increase their investments. Moreover, businesses have to lead from the front if the millennium development goals have to be achieved. References Brigham, E.F. & Ehrhardt M.C. (2007). Financial management: theory and practice . Ontario: Cengage Learning. Web. Daniells, L.M. (1976). Business information sources . California: University of California Press. Web. Eiteman, D., Stonehill, M. & Moffett, M. (2007) Multinational Business Finance . 11th Edition. Boston, MA: Addison Wesley. Lee, I. (2008). Banking service sees no boundaries. Career Times . Web. Madura, J. (2006). International financial management . Ontario: Cengage Learning. Web. Palmer, T.G. (2002). Globalization Is Great! Cato Institute . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mentoring Disciples and Leaders Using Christian-Based Model Essay Although mentoring is a relatively new term within church circles, it has been practiced widely in Christian communities for years. Across many churches, spiritual coaching, directorship, discipleship, and friendship have been implemented in a mostly unstructured form, necessitating the need to formulate standard skills and methods for mentors for better outcomes. According to Mallison (1998), Christian coaching encompasses the development of disciples and leaders through sound instructions and encouragement, which are founded on God’s will and biblical teachings. The author defines Christian mentoring as “a dynamic, intentional relationship of trust in which one person enables another to maximize the grace of God in their life and service” (Mallison, 1998, p. 8). The author’s predominant theme is that mentorship is not optional if Christians intend to grow and the criticality of taking an interest in the progress of others. Christian-based mentoring integrates various spiritual components, aspects, and the bible as the principal ingredients. By presenting Jesus as the prime mentoring model, Mallison’s (1998) central premise is that Christians should be concerned in the spiritual and personal growth of others since Christianity is relational and collectivist. The author emphasizes the concepts of community and interdependence by describing “a Christian wanting to live in isolation as a pious particle” (Mallison, 1998, p. 34). However, the author’s notable refutation is that despite integrating all the critical ingredients and observing the foundational principles, Christian mentoring is futile if not underlined by a genuine desire to see the mentor advance spiritually. Mentorship and developing an interest in the spiritual and personal growth of others are indispensable if Christians are keen on growing deeper in their spirituality. For instance, Christian fellowships should allocate responsible and dependable persons to mentor new disciples due to their reliability and genuine concern for the mentees’ progress (Mallison, 1998). One of the publication’s key implications is the critical significance of a properly structured and biblically inspired coaching program. This implies that Christian mentorship models should generate disciples and leaders who then would continue propagating the gospel. Notable critiques in the book include the exclusive dependence on the bible as the source of information for analysis. Additionally, there is limited exploration of the relationship of spiritual friends and the spiritual directors with the mentors and the absent views on mentor damage. The author also accentuates his views by drawing comparisons from other works and the extensive integration of biblical insights. A question arising from the publication is how the Christian model of mentoring can remedy destructive coaching. Reference Mallison, J. (1998). Mentoring to develop disciples and leaders . Scripture Union. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
TV Shows’ Influence on Families Essay Introduction Television forms part and parcel of a family, and this has been the case for ages now. People tend to regard television and its related programs not only as agents of entertainment in the house but also as an integral part of the living rooms and sometimes bedrooms. In doing so, parents are always tempted to consider televisions part of their homes oblivious to the effects they have on both their kids and themselves. Quite a number of articles have been written in regard to this topic. It is important to note that keen scrutiny of these journals and scholarly works have more or less the same information. This paper will, however, focus on the influence of television on the family as discussed by two articles, an article by Shankar Vedantam that appeared in Washington Post and a scholarly journal. The scholarly journal has an inherent audience. It particularly addresses researchers and discusses the importance of analyzing the specific effects television has on families and how they are produced. The authors of this article refer mostly to researchers and family specialists as his audience. They say that most researchers on the effects of television on families overlook the fact that televisions form an integral part of the family. They further note that this is perhaps the reason why parents value television in their houses as compared to many other things. The sole purpose of this article was to educate researchers, parents, and family specialists on the various measurements that are viable for regulating the negative effects televisions have on the family. Additionally, the article was meant to illustrate the benefits of televisions to both parents and their children. The article further imparts the knowledge that television viewing should be considered a socializing influence in society more than a church, family, and school. The authors of this article took into consideration quite a number of factors while writing the paper. For instance, the language and vocabularies used in the paper accommodate quite a number of audiences and, most especially, the key audience of the article, which was researches and family specialists. This is championed by the fact that most of the vocabulary used is simple and easy to comprehend. In addition to that, the style of writing is simple and lovable by many. This is so because the reading process is not thwarted by ambiguous words and incomprehensible sentences. Despite the fact that the article is long as compared to the other article, the story and all its explanations flow in a rhythm that is encouraging and not tiring (Richard, Fabes, and Scott, 1989). In addition to the style, the tone of the article is welcoming too. Richard, Patricia, and Scott, the authors of this article, presented their work in a tone that appeals to all the intended audiences. For instance, the article does not give a negative impression or defaming phrases to its audiences. The tone is friendly and accommodates all the probable audiences and perhaps unintended readers who may merely come across the literature. It is important to note that the authors had in mind the effects of blaming the negative influences of television on certain audiences inconsiderate of whether they were the intended audiences or not. For this reason, quite a number of sentiments and complements in the article are general and do not directly attack and individual or audience (Richard, Fabes, and Scott, 1989). The second article, on the other hand, focuses on a more general audience. Unlike in the previous article, the authors of this article do not direct their sentiments to a specific group or audience. The article attributes violence amongst young adults to televisions and their related programs. It purports that in as much as television is educative and entertaining, it inculcates certain negative behaviors that are associated with violent programs and movies. The article reveals that a good percentage of young adults adopt violent behaviors from violent movies and television programs (Dintrone, 1996). They then become perpetrators of violence even in their older ages, and all these are effects of televisions to the family. Form the few statements on the article mentioned above, it can be noted that the article’s sole purpose was to highlight the filths and negative influences brought about by television viewing. The article gives an in-depth discussion of the violent behaviors of young adults as brought about by television viewing. It further implicates parents and family specialists in this matter. As noted in the article, parents and family specialists are blamed for these characteristics amongst young adults. The article further recommends that television viewing should be regulated by parents and guardians. The article’s tone is not impressive. Additionally, the style, too, is not welcoming as compared to the previous article. This is perhaps due to the fact that it implicates its audience and blames it for the negative influences of television on young adults. It is, however, important to note that the tone may play a significant role in revolutionizing the purported negative influences on TVs (Dintrone, 1996). Conclusion In conclusion, therefore, television viewing in the family is productive in terms of enhancing interaction and socialization amongst family members. However, the positive bit of television viewing is only achieved when discrete moderation is applied during watching. Parents should educate their children on what to and what not to watch in TVs. References Dintrone, C. V. (1996). Television program master index: Access to critical and historical information on 1002 shows in 341 books . Jefferson, NC: McFarland. Richard, A., Fabes, P. W., & Scott, C. F. (1989). Family Relations . National Council on Family Relations: New York. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education” by Emile Durkheim Essay This curriculum on moral education was the first in the science of education that Durkheim offered at the Sorbonne in 1902-1903. He had for some time outlined it out in his teaching at Bordeaux. He repeated it later, e.g., in 1906-1907, without change or editing. The course included twenty lectures. The authors of the book present only eighteen; the first two dealt with methods of teaching. The introductory lecture was published in January 1903 in the Revue de métaphysique et de morale and replicated in the small volume Éducation et Sociologie , published in 1922. Durkheim wrote out his lectures wholly. The textual reproduction of his manuscript is presented in the book. The provided corrections are merely matters of form or are substantively insignificant, and in any case, they do not affect the thought. Emile Durkheim argues on the issues of different factors in the sphere of education and provides their own sociological concepts on the matters of education. The first part of the book is dedicated to moral factors in the sphere of education. Secular morality is regarded as educator itself. As the educational process can not be regarded as a science, it must supply answers to vital needs that brook no delay. The second important factor of education is discipline. It is possible to distinguish two periods in childhood: the first, taking place almost totally within the family or the nursery school; the second, in elementary school, when the child starts leaving the family circle, is initiated into a larger environment. This is called the second stage of childhood. This is indeed a significant moment in the development of moral character. Before that, the child is still very infantile; his intellectual development is quite elementary, and his emotional life is too simple and underdeveloped. Exactly in this period of life child’s mind is like clay, and discipline should be instilled. Self-determination is one of the most crucial factors in education. Without it, a child will not be able to find oneself in this life and choose the necessary information from the informational stream. This factor was crucial at the beginning of the 20 th century (when Durkheim lived), but nowadays, its actuality has extremely risen. It also includes the definition of the contradictions between the good and the obligatory, the individual and group, between the limitation imposed by the role, and the self-willed unfolding of human nature. Moral reality is at once complex and a single whole. However, its unity derives from that of the concrete being that serves as its foundation, the nature of which is expressed in morality – that is to say, society. Some factors which Durkheim describes are not of a current interest more. One of these is punishment at school. Children are not forced to study. The teachers must get a child interested in it. So, the punishment may be only from the side of parents. But the importance of awards stays relevant as always. Another part of educational sociology which is regarded in the book is the role of environment, and school environment in particular. Durkheim regards it in several parts, which are altruism and attachment to something outside oneself. These parts have often been presented as a sort of unexplained, unexpected, almost inexplicable faculty, by reason of which man does violence to his original nature and contradicts it. Summarizing all the said above, it is necessary to say that Emile Durkheim made rather a great contribution to sociology and education in sociology in particular. All the described factors can be considered crucial enough in the sphere of sociology of pedagogic. The made research involves the basis for the nowadays educational science and used in most pedagogical concepts. Moreover, the importance of the book may also be regarded from the historical position, as the scientific works of the beginning of the 20th century give us the opportunity to realize the condition of sociological studies at that time, which are usually caused by public opinion and social ambiances. References Durkheim, Emile. Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education. Trans. Herman Schnurer and Everett K. Wilson. Ed. Everett K. Wilson. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1961. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Looking for a Job Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Places to Look for a Job 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction It is the dream of every student to find a well paying job after graduating from college. Times are hard, opportunities are few, and one must really hunt for desired jobs. This paper seeks to enlighten job seekers on the areas to look for jobs. Five potential areas will feature prominently in the paper. Places to Look for a Job College internships have often translated to permanent jobs. In this regard, students need to take their internships seriously. A survey carried out by WetFeet.com revealed that 45 percent of students who had previously engaged in internship received appointment letters to permanent jobs in 2003 (Randinelli, 2004). The easiest way to convert internship into a permanent job is by working diligently on the tasks allocated regardless of the amount of pay during internship. Secondly, it is crucial to solicit for feedback from superiors and other staff members during the internship (Randinelli, 2004). It is important for the intern to network as much as possible during the internship. In addition, it is significant to keep in touch with employees and superiors on completing the internship (Randinelli, 2004). Cold calling is another way of looking for jobs (Randinelli, 2004). It involves sending resumes to any company that interests the job seeker. The job seeker does not wait for advertisements but randomly sends resumes to different companies. It is important to contact the person who actually hires employees by sending resumes directly to them (Randinelli, 2004). Later on, the job seeker should call the person in charge to enquire on any progress or vacancy. Another way of seeking for job is enrolling in a career center (Randinelli, 2004). This method has produced about 12 percent of all job appointments by way of interviews in the college. These centers coordinate on campus job placements by various companies and offer programs designed to assist students match up with potential employers. The centers receive resumes from potential employees and key them in a database from which employers pick those that fit their need. The career centers have job advertisements from time to time. In addition, the centers assist the job seekers in drafting quality resumes. Some centers specialize in distinct disciplines making it easier for corporations to locate potential employees based on the discipline (Randinelli, 2004). The internet is another area through which one can seek a job. The internet sites contain thousands of advertisements of job opportunities in various corporations (Randinelli, 2004). It is easy to seek for a job of choice on the internet by typing the preferred job. These online jobs are usually more detailed as they include the company profile and personalized methods of placing an application. Job sites have the option of subscribing to updates, which the subscriber receives automatically through their email address on a fixed period like weekly, daily or monthly (Randinelli, 2004). Other than uploading one’s resume through customized templates on companies’ websites, the same websites display existing vacancies and the job seeker easily applies for the job through a template (Randinelli, 2004). Conclusion Every job seeker must be aggressive and patient. Various places assist the job seeker in getting jobs or applying for such jobs. As such, the job seeker should acquaint himself with such places like the internet, internships, and career centers and be ready to cold call with the aim of securing a position in a company. Reference Randinelli, T. (2004). The Ultimate Job Search Guide. Career Watch , 44-47. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Louis Vuitton Company Analysis Case Study Introduction Louis Vuitton is one of the most famous and successful brands in the world. It is famous for its quality and exclusivity. The history of the company suggests that major values of their business are creativity, expansion, quality, and luxuriousness (Paul & Feroul, 2010). It has gained significant popularity in the world and in Japan, in particular. Synopsis of the Situation Notable, Louis Vuitton heavily relies on its Japanese market as 55% of the company’s revenue comes from Japan (Paul & Feroul, 2010). It is necessary to note that the company’s profits are growing each year steadily, but recent years show modest growth in Japan due to weakening of the Japanese yen and some financial constraints the country faces (Yamaguchi & Chan, 2013). Key Issues One of the key issues is certain company’s dependence on the Japanese market as risks of this market can make the entire company vulnerable. Another key issue is counterfeiting, as the company loses huge sums of money (Paul & Feroul, 2010). Clearly, the company has lots of potent competitors in the market, like Bulgari, Tiffany, Hermes, and so on (Yamaguchi & Chan, 2013). Define the Problem The company focuses on the Japanese market and fails to come up with solutions to diminish counterfeiting and become more competitive in the world as well as Japanese markets. Alternative Solutions Effective solutions which can help the company restore its truly leading and safe position are the development of unique products to diminish counterfeiting (creating new technologies or accessories and so on), online launch shopping with only a few stores in largest cities and expansion to new markets (it will diminish risks). Selected Solution to the Problem Online shopping will enable the company to reduce costs as there will be no need in maintaining numerous retail units. At the same time, they will keep the sense of exclusivity as the prices will be still high (though reasonable). Admittedly, Japanese people love technology, and they will be glad to be able to shop and buy their luxury favorites online. The stores will be in the largest cities where customers will be able to touch and ‘try on’ some products as window shopping is popular in Japan (Yamaguchi & Chan, 2013). Implementation Admittedly, this strategy requires thoughtful consideration and comprehensive advertising campaign. People should learn about the new opportunity, but they should also get a clear message that their luxury items can be reached via the Internet. The brand does not become ordinary, but its exclusivity is tied with innovation, technology, and modernity. Recommendations The company should consider the possibility to develop online shops. It should also focus on diversification and further expansion. The company should invest in R&D to create truly unique products which can diminish counterfeiting. Conclusion On balance, it is possible to note that Louis Vuitton remains one of the most successful companies in the world market. Its products are still seen as luxury items for a special club of chosen. The company has implemented numerous effective strategies, and it can remain of the leaders. References Paul, J., & Feroul, C. (2010). Louis Vuitton in Japan . Web. Yamaguchi, Y., & Chan, V. (2013). Vuitton to Tiffany seen pressured in Japan by weaker yen . Bloomberg . Web. Appendix SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES High quality of products, thousands of loyal customers, positive image, effective promotional campaigns, good share in the world market Dependence on the Japanese market, high prices and affordability at the same time OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Expansion to new markets, online shopping, development of new and unique ‘counterfeiting-free’ products Significant competition, weakening of yen, financial constraints, counterfeiting | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nike Company Organizational Culture Research Paper The organizational culture of Nike incorporates several important norms that are critical for the performance of this company and its competitiveness. In particular, one should speak about the following principles: 1. continuous search for innovation; 2. commitment to the goals of the company and its reputation; 3. and willingness to adapt to the changes in external environment (Jackson, 2013). The employees of this corporation are asked to remember about these principles that should affect their decisions or everyday practices. In turn, among the main values of this organization, one can distinguish autonomy of separate employees, authenticity or integrity of a person, and the diversity of employees’ knowledge and skills (Jackson, 2013). These characteristics of an individual are important for his/her integration into the company and career growth. There are several assumptions that are imbedded in the culture of this corporation. For instance, the senior managers lay stress on the idea that Nike has to remain an agile organization that does not overlook new trends in the market. Moreover, Nike should not be content with its current successes because such an attitude can eventually lead to stagnation and eventual decline of their performance. Finally, it is possible to discuss the cultural artifacts of this corporation. For instance, one can discuss its commercials which can be very informative. These advertisements are aimed at highlighting such characteristics as willingness to achieve success, authenticity of a person’s behavior, and his/her openness to the outside world (Goldman, 1998, p. 35). These are the main details that one can single out. To a great extent, these values are vital for the long-term performance of this corporation. It is possible to apply the so-called deep assumptions approach in order to assess the culture of Nike. This method is useful for identifying the core beliefs of employees or senior managers. In particular, the company lays stress on such a value as organizational openness which is important for the sustainability of a company. In this case, the term openness can be described as the responsiveness to new economic or market trends. This assumption is important for the ability of the company to design innovative productions on a regular basis. Furthermore, this worldview is important for adopting new methods of production. Additionally, the employees of this organization are deeply committed to the strategic goals of the organization. More importantly, they have the so-called “tribal identity” which means that they perceive each other as family members (Jackson, 2013). To a great extent, these assumptions contribute to the successful performance of this company because workers are willing to share ideas with one another. Yet, it also means that these people may not easily accept outsiders, especially if they are not closely familiar with the culture of Nike (DuBrin, 2011, p. 290). This set of attitudes makes this company a leading innovator in the apparel industry. Nevertheless, these characteristics can be regarded as the source of their weakness. In particular, one should pay attention to the tribal identity of this organization. These are the main aspects that can be distinguished because they profoundly shape the performance of this corporation. On the whole, some researchers argue that Nike has an “insular” culture (DuBrin, 2011, p. 290). It means that a new person, who comes to this organization, may find it difficult to integrate into the new environment. This is why these people do not always perform successfully (DuBrin, 2011, p. 290). This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about new executives coming to the company (DuBrin, 2011, p. 290). The problem is that these people can be perceived as outsiders; therefore, their initiatives may be disregarded, even if they can bring significant improvements into the work of the company. Thus, these attributes can eventually turn into a weakness. This issue has become particularly important when Nike has become a multinational corporation that operates in various regions of the world. This is one of the main problems that should be addressed. Under such circumstances, the senior managers should lay stress on the diversity of organizational culture. They should enable new-comers to express their opinions, even if these opinions are critical of the current practices. This policy can be useful for avoiding groupthink in this organization. Moreover, the management of the company should foster cooperation between the employees representing different divisions of the company. These divisions can be located in different regions, and their cooperation can contribute to the introduction of innovative products. These are the main recommendations that can be advanced. These changes are important because they can foster the performance of the company. In particular, this intervention can improve the spread of best practices across different visions of Nike. Furthermore, in this way, senior managers can make sure that outsiders are better able to adjust to the requirements of the company. To some degree, this policy can eventually strengthen this company that already has a sophisticated organizational culture. These are the main advantages of these interventions. Reference List DuBrin, A. (2011). Essentials of Management . New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Goldman, R. (1998). Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh . New York, NY: SAGE. Jackson, L. (2013). Strong Organizational Culture: How Nike Drives Innovation . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Because employers and employees are bound by an employment agreement, they should learn certain rules, rights, and obligations that they have to observe and respect (August, 2004). In particular, employers should provide the corresponding payment and ensure a favorable working environment and workplace safety. What is more important is that employers should strike balance between personal life and work of employees. Thus, there is a growing tendency in reshaping corporate cultures to bring in the balance to the employed environment, which improves the organizational cultures and reduces turnover (August, 2004). However, debates on the necessity of introducing drug testing among the employees create controversies. On the one hand, employers are not allowed to interfere with employees’ personal issues because drug use is the individual right of each person. On the other hand, employees should care about workplace safety and, in case employees takes drugs that influences their health and creates potential threat to his productivity and overall performance, the issues require much more careful consideration. Despite the necessity to consider to the privacy issues, there are specific situations when employers have the right to check their employees on drug use. The case concerns the employees taking specialized positions. For instance, the workers of the Department of Transportation, such as pilots or bus drivers, must be subject to drug testing because ignorance can cause potential threats to other employees and customers. In addition, Repa (2010) agrees with the idea to introduce “drug testing for employees with national security clearances, prison officers, employees at chemical weapons and nuclear power plants, and police officers” (p. 176). However, employers should mind that drug-tested employees could not be discharged in case of positive results. The issue of drug testing among the employees should define in contextual terms and, therefore, it does not often relate to the privacy issues. In this regard, employers should have a clear distinction between such cases. Particularly, Wines (2006) acknowledges that the analysis of the issues includes striking the balance between the interests of both employee and employer. Certainly, intrusion into employees’ privacy rights will not be supported by the court because it does not allow employers to gather information about employees’ drug use. Therefore, drug testing should be based on the mutual consent of the parties; more importantly, it should not violate employees’ rights. References August, R. (2004). International Business Law: Text, Cases, and Readings . US: Prentice Hall. Repa, B. K. (2010). Your Rights in the Workplace . US: Nolo. Wines, W. A. (2006). Ethics, Law, and Business . New York: Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The US Patriot Act Defends Liberty Essay (Article) The US PATRIOT Act, enacted in reaction to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, has been opposed by both liberal and conservative groups because they perceive it to violate the civil liberties of American citizens. However, there has been no credible evidence presented that this Act violates any constitutionally guaranteed rights. The Act prohibits discriminatory practices such as racial profiling, illegal wiretaps, and all other unlawful actions which are generally deemed improper. The PATRIOT Act was enacted to protect US citizens by augmenting the tools by which law enforcement agencies fight crime and improve communication capabilities between these government agencies and despite the prevailing majority opinion, protects, not degrades civil liberties. The name itself, the PATRIOT Act is an acronym for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. According to the Justice Department, the PATRIOT Act gives support to and encourages enhanced sharing of information among various law enforcement agencies at the local, state, and federal levels. In addition, this law assists law enforcement in their efforts to “connect the dots” from a wider scope of agencies when assembling evidence so as to “develop a complete picture” regarding possible threats from terrorists. The Act also allows law enforcement officials more latitude when attempting to intercept transmissions of suspected terrorist’s discussions via electronic surveillance. (Ward, 2002). Since the PATRIOT Act was enacted in October of 2001, it has been an essential instrument in ensuring the safety of American citizens in the ongoing ‘War on Terror.’ The more conducive sharing of information augments the same, constitutionally lawful, forms of law enforcement that had been employed to apprehend and prosecute criminals before 9/11. In addition, the legislation has increased the effectiveness of the U.S. Department of Justice in its efforts to interrupt terrorist actions while simultaneously and earnestly defending the civil liberties of American citizens. “America still faces dangerous enemies, and no priority is more important to the President than protecting the American people without delay” (“US PATRIOT Act”, 2006). The contentious debate regarding the PATRIOT Act among those in the public and private sector alike was sparked predominantly by left-wing propaganda which has continuously falsely characterized the intent and language of the Act. Newspaper and television reports have used phrases such as ‘unlawful use of authoritative powers by the executive branch’ which has been a factor in the widely distorted perceptions regarding the Act. Interestingly, the portions of the Act that have generated the loudest objections are the ones that merely provide law enforcement officials an enhanced communicative benefit in concert with the identical methods that have been utilized to fight crime for many decades. As an example, media outlets have continued a prolonged and vociferous campaign that has warned against government intrusion into the lives of private citizens allowed by Section 215 of the PATRIOT Act because it allows for library records to be scrutinized by more efficient means by government officials. What the media doesn’t report is that library records had routinely been subpoenaed as evidence in criminal cases well before 2001. Library records were subpoenaed in the 1996 Unabomber case and in 1997 to help solve the Gianni Versace murder (Carafano & Rosenzweig, 2005). This law enforcement tool, because of the PATRIOT Act, is now used more effectively in the fight against terrorism yet the practice is decried and falsely linked to the Act. It is interesting to note that to date; no library records have been requested by the authority of the provisions stipulated in the PATRIOT Act. The ability to subpoena all relevant records is essential to police work and should not be abated especially as a result of fear-mongering tactics by the press. PATRIOT Act opponents also identify Section 213 and invoke the term ‘sneak and peek’ to characterize law enforcement officials’ added ability to conduct searches authorized in the Act which summons images of excessive use of governmental power, a concept dreaded by both liberal and conservative alike. The Act allows for a postponement of search notification to the person being investigated. Of course, as before, a search warrant must first be authorized by a judge before being executed. As in library records, the postponement of notice to suspected criminals before a lawful search is conducted had been a law enforcement tool for many years before 9/11. Without this method, which was upheld by the Supreme Court as constitutional, Mafia boss John Gotti may not have been prosecuted. Searches of this type are hardly a recent phenomenon and have generally been utilized in solving multifaceted, long-standing cases involving many suspects, some of which may yet to be identified which accurately fits the characteristic expected when attempting to locate terrorists operating within the country (Moschella, 2003). Despite the vehement opposition to the PATRIOT Act, its critics even acknowledge that it has been effective in building a more cohesive link between all levels of law enforcement including the intelligence agencies. The Act does not give away the civil liberties that were earned by the bloodshed of our predecessors as some would and have said, rather, it augments the law enforcement tools already in place to protect the citizens of the US which is the first responsibility of the federal government. Because some of the languages in the Act have been unclear to some, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales has asked Congress to write more explicit language into the Act. However, the provisions of the Act or the Act itself should not be done away with as it is important to the security of the nation and its citizens. Works Cited 1. Carafano, James Jay & Paul Rosenzweig Winning the Long War. Heritage Books, 2005. Web. 2. Moschella, William E. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legislative Affairs. (2003). Web. 3. “(The) U.S. PATRIOT Act.” The White House. 2006. Washington D.C. Web. 4. Ward, Elaine N. “USA PATRIOT Act of 2001.” The University of Texas at Austin. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Why Human Genetics Is Important Report (Assessment) Human genomes are building blocks of a human body, so understanding our genetics means better understanding ourselves. Genetics can explain why we have our unique traits, why we have similarities between family members, and how our genes relate to our health (Genetic Alliance 1). One should learn about his or her genetics not only because of curiosity, but because the results of genetic examinations are of great practical importance for medicine and health. Understanding why certain people have inclinations toward a particular set of illnesses comes from learning about the human genome. Some gene variants can protect from diseases, and some, particularly mutating genes, can cause harm (Lewis 3). As everyone inherits their genes from their parents, it is logical to conclude that there is a possibility one might receive illnesses by genetic means. Learning genetic history may contribute to making healthy decisions and preventing diseases in their early stages of development. Heart disease, stroke, and cancers are the top three causes of death in high-income countries, and lower respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, and diarrheal diseases are the primary causes of death in low-income states (Lewis 70). The interesting point is that genes influence all these diseases. Mainly cancer is the direct result of gene transformations in the human body (Lewis 79). Information obtained from genetic tests may not only help prevent illnesses that are common in the family line but also cure life-threatening diseases before they are too mature. Genetic testing, which is essentially genome sequencing, may not yet be widespread and affordable in contemporary society. As such examinations become a part of standard procedures when diagnosing illnesses with unknown symptoms, the majority of people will have an opportunity to learn about their heredity (Lewis 121). Every individual, however, should consider genome sequencing if possible. The results may greatly contribute to health, behavior, and everyday life. Works Cited Genetic Alliance. A Guide to Genetics and Health . 2006, Web. Lewis, Ricki. Human Genetics: The Basics . 2nd ed., Garland Science, 2016. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Humans make decisions that affect what they will become in the future; to make these decisions, people need knowledge. Receiving new information is one of the main reasons why a person changes their perception of certain things. The background gives food for thought, and helps one rethink the past, evaluate the present, and draw conclusions for the future. Thus, I can say that my attitude towards history has changed compared to the first module. Knowledge of history helps people live: we can see the causes and consequences of events and think about them. History is a guide for the future because whoever wants to understand it must look at the past. It should be treated concerning protecting the planet’s peace; this is the just call of the world (Jordanova, 2019). Knowledge of history is one of the tools for a person’s self-awareness and self-identity. As I approach the end of this course, I realize that I have learned many new things and facts. This knowledge allowed me to look at many historical events differently to explore some issues more deeply. The main change in my perception is that now it does not have a superficial nature. I can directly approach the understanding of some events more consciously. At the same time, I realize that there are still many things ahead of me that I can learn; accordingly, my attitude will probably change over time. I cannot say that I will remain with my current perception because I will continue to expand my horizons in this field. Through the study of history, one can make sense of who one is and discover new ways of being. Reference Jordanova, L. (2019). History in practice . Bloomsbury Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Doha Round Trade Negotiations Essay The World Trade Organization (WTO) does its best to improve the international trading system in order to benefit its members. To reach this purpose, it has developed negotiations aimed at the reduction of trade barriers and revision of associated rules. This program is currently known as the Doha Round, and it deals with approximately a couple dozen of trade areas. The trade-negotiation round was launched at the beginning of the 20th century and took place in Doha, Qatar, which affected its name. It was developed during the WTO’s Fourth Ministerial Conference. The program focused on the issues of agriculture, services, and intellectual property. The members of WTO wanted to develop a trade agreement that would be accomplished in four years (by 2005); however, one more year was needed because the USA and the EU did not want to alter their agricultural subsidies making them less costly (Lee, 2016). The Round was an ambitious program because it included participants from almost the whole world. Negotiations presupposed the possibility to resolve all issues by consensus instead of following the idea of the majority, which appealed to WTO members. Agreements had to be accepted by all participants; otherwise, they were not considered. It was expected that those decisions that can enhance economic growth would be developed due to the Round. The reduction of subsidies would make it possible for developing countries to export those products they produced. Developed countries, in turn, would simplify access to their services, such as banking. As a result, both parties were expected to benefit because the size of markets would increase, and they would modernize. The Doha Round included talks on the following topics: * Agriculture. Reduce subsidies and tariffs on imports and eliminate them from exports of food. * Non-agricultural market access. Minimize tariffs on imports of various products except for food. * Services. Develop clear rules regarding the provision of services for other countries. Provide countries with an opportunity to identify if they permit foreign ownership and what kind of services they are willing to obtain from foreigners. * Rules. Create clear anti-dumping rules, forbid launching subsidies. Pay attention to vessels, aircraft, cotton, and fishery. * Intellectual property. Focus on wine and liquor producers. Create an appropriate register. Protect product names. * Trade and environment. Ensure the safety of natural resources in developing countries. * Trade facilitation. Identify and enhance custom fees, documentation, and regulations. Cope with bureaucracy and corruption. * Special and differential treatment. Provide assistance to developing countries for them to improve infrastructure and meet those standards that developed countries have. Consider the necessity of financial aid and special treatment. * Dispute statement. Recommendations should be developed to manage associated issues. * E-commerce. Internet products and services should not be affected by any taxes. The success of the Doha Round would have enhanced the economy of developing countries and minimize spending on subsidies in developed ones. As a result, the adverse outcomes of the financial crisis could have been lessened. However, the US and EU legislatures did not manage to deal with the political pressures and led to the closure of the Doha Round (Ismail, 2009). Nevertheless, the number of bilateral agreements that are not difficult to negotiate increased, which might be advantageous for developing countries. Unfortunately, the failure of the Round presupposes that other international trade agreements of the same type are not likely to be successful. The USA and EU will not allow developing countries to offer their low-cost products because of the possibility to reduce their market share. At the same time, developing nations will be afraid to face those issues that affected Mexico because of NAFTA. Thus, the design of future trade agreements like those discussed in the framework of the Doha Round can be questioned (Rena, 2012). This fact can be supported by the observed outcomes of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership that was not supported by the US president. The USA and EU do not want to negotiate regarding the reduction of trade subsidies and taxes because the price of their food products differs. The counties are afraid that governments will stop protecting their offerings. Much attention is also paid to the fact that the EU bans the use of modified and treated hormone products while the USA relies on them as they provide an opportunity to keep prices low. A similar situation was observed with the Trans-Pacific Partnership, as the USA was withdrawn from it because of the unwillingness to reduce trade barriers. Thus, it can be stated that the Doha Round did not end up with success because of the USA and EU’s decision to keep their agricultural subsidies. However, there some other reasons that led to this outcome as well. For instance, China, India, and Brazil that participated in the negotiations, failed to take the leadership role in them and did not provide enough support. In addition to that, the USA, Japan, and China need to consider their influence on other countries. In particular, their willingness to make their currency the leading one tends to cause inflation in developing nations. In this way, it is vital for them to focus on their responsibility for the financial situation in countries. It would also be advantageous if Doha makes its export regulations friendlier to the needs and requirements of other countries for them to accept alterations. References Ismail, F. (2009). An assessment of the WTO Doha Round July-December 2008 collapse. World Trade Review, 8 (4), 579-605. Lee, Y. (2016). The long and winding road: Path towards facilitation of development in the WTO: Reflections on the Doha Round and beyond. Law and Development Review, 9 (2), 437-465. Rena, R. (2012). Impact of WTO policies on developing countries: Issues and perspectives. Transnational Corporations Review, 4 (3), 77-88. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Short Story “The Little Match Girl” by Hans Christian Andersen Research Paper “The little match girl” is one of the most symbolic creatures of Anderson’s literary talent. To begin with, the whole plot remains the strict personal line of the poor girl that started her “adventures” from going home one cold and rainy day with only the huge mother’s shoes. After that, she entered the main room and made a fire with a match: the main symbol in the story. Along with her process of creating the home atmosphere, the second person was demonstrated to the readers—grandmother, who represented the total contrast of two people trying to realise the same dream (Andersen et al., 2020). The girl glimpsed on her poor Christmas tree, directed her match on it, and realistically imagined how the fire came across and through the tree and peaked at the top as the brightest star in the sky. Consequently, the girl was attracted by the match, and the poor tree was glowing with different colors. She gathered all of her matches and made a genuine “star” that lit the whole room on the brightest day. By doing this, she looked at her grandmother, who was trying to escape to the sky. The older person took the younger ones, and they imagined flying to the sky: in God’s hands. Finally, the story ends when people coming across the girl’s apartment admitted her and thought that she was just trying to warm herself, without knowing what she felt at that moment. Personal Story Creation There was a cold rainy morning, as it usually occurs in Paris when autumn forces the summer to change much earlier, let us say, in august. Ron was trying to find the right way to the Charle de Gaulle bus station, which was situated at the first district, while he was standing at the twentieth – the last district in this huge city that reminded him of a clumsy snail. In fact, Paris is a huge clumsy snail as districts situated similarly to the snail’s shell shape. Ron Donalds decided to pass this shell for the last time in his life. Being only 18, he knew Paris better than his right-hand fingers. He passed 15 years here, lonely, without no one that could give him a hand at the right moment. His life “shell” began its spiral when his parents died in the auto-crash by leaving their three years old son here, in France. Gradually, by going through his shell, he experienced everything: foster parenting, street crimes, empty stomach. However, everything is changing: he gained compensation from the government, twenty thousand euros that will change his life. His life shell is moving in the opposite direction by rising from the smallest dot, while he is walking from the twentieth district, the last district of Paris: clumsy and huge snail. Reference Andersen, H. C., & Hersholt, J. (2020). The Little Match Girl . SAGA Egmont. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Adaptations of trees in the rainforest biomes Essay The trees in the rainforest biomes have developed several adaptations to enable them to survive the conditions in the area. The rain forests receive an average of between 50 and 260 inches of rainfall annually (Denslow, 1987). This means that the plants in that area will need to adapt in order to ensure that they shed water in an efficient way. Another problem that may be encountered by rainforest flora is that the sunlight that reaches the plants on a lower canopy may be little. There are different layers of canopies. With every layer, there is a drop in the amount of sunlight that reaches the leaves. This means that the plants need to be adapted and they have to device ways of harnessing the little sunlight. One adaptation of the rainforest trees is that they have drip tips on their leaves. This helps the leaves to drop off water from their leaves. The air is very humid and there is a tendency of leaves accumulating water. Another adaptation of the leaves is that they may have grooves on the leaves. This helps to increase the surface area to allow more water to be lost through transpiration. The leaves of the trees in the rain forests may also be oily. This oily coating helps to shed off water from the leaves more efficiently and does not allow it to settle. The barks of these trees are usually thin and smooth. This is because they do not require thick barks to protect them from water loss (Herwitz, 1985). Since these plants receive plenty of water at all times, they do not require deep roots. In order to absorb as much sunlight as possible, the plants have devised ways to increase efficiency. One adaptation is that the rainforest trees have broad leaves. This increases the surface area of the leaves to ensure that more sunlight reaches the leaves. Another adaptation of the leaves is that some trees have leaf stalks that turn. This movement corresponds to the movement of the sun meaning that the leaves follow the direction of the sun and ensure that the maximum amount of light reaches the leaf surface at every moment. Why these trees would not compete well in another biome The rainforest trees have adaptations that limit them from being competitive in other biomes. For example, these trees would not be able to survive in a relatively dry area, let alone a desert. The broad leaves and the grooves on the leaves would increase water loss and that would become a hindrance to its survival. The large surface of the leaves would also mean that there is a larger surface area to allow for water loss. Leaves of plant in dry areas need to have ways of reducing the surface area for water loss and this includes having small leaves and smaller stomata (Dolman, Gash, Robert, & Shuttleworth, 1991). The smooth, thin bark would also work against attempts towards water conservation because heat would be able to penetrate and water would be lost since the bark is thin. Since the rainforest trees have shallow roots, such plants would not be able to survive in a dry area since they would not be able to reach the underground water. In dry areas, the groundwater level is usually lower and this means that roots need to go deeper. These plants would not be able to get water and they will simply dry up. References Denslow, J. (1987). Tropical rainforest gaps and tree species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18, 431-451. Dolman, J., Gash, J., Robert, J., & Shuttleworth, J. (1991). Stomatal and surface conductance of tropical rainforest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54(2-4), 303-318. Herwitz, S. (1985). Interception storage capacities of tropical rainforest canopy trees. Journal of Hydrology, 77(1-4), 237-252. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
E-Marketing Plan Recommendations Report Functional Team Framework Great Cup of Coffee Company E-marketing involves building friendly partnership and working relationship with a market segment without necessarily having physical contact with it. In fact, the main source of exchanging information and advertising products is through written words in a social media such as company website. Reflectively, success of e-marketing is deeply entrenched in the principle of keeping reliable and professional reputation in exchanging ideas and convincing customers in online selling. Thus, the key conceptual idea of this reflective treatise is an in-depth and explicit analysis of recommendations for an e-Marketing plan on the periphery of functional team orientation for Great Cup of Coffee Company. Besides, the paper is specific on values surrounding e-marketing and checkpoints that translate into sustainable, profitable, and relevant business engagement. In the contemporary society, over fifty percent of companies use internet in research and promoting their services and products. Besides, the same percentage of people has access to internet and other social media. Therefore, e-marketing is the ‘next big thing’. In order to have a successful e-Marketing plan in Great Cup of Coffee Company, structural planning is essential especially in locating target market and actualizing through execution of preset plans. With proper planning, messaging, and market objectivity, comprehensive implementation is achievable at optimal level. In order to achieve structural planning, the same should labor to build a visible campaign for brand awareness which dictates the magnitude of acceptance and time frame for the same. Besides, the campaign should include strategies meant to expand and gain audience in the target market. Another key recommendation in e-Marketing plan for Great Cup of Coffee Company envisions creation of a simultaneous but independently functioning cost balancing matrix that keep the firm in the competitive edge. However, before implementing this recommendation, market research should expand into the territory of acquiring knowledge on prevailing market price especially when dealing with a product that is already in the market. Price research creates conducive environment for functionality and sustainability despite market swings (Kalb, 2002). Essentially, success of e-Marketing plan depends on proper alignment of a functional team who is responsible for creation of flexible but quantifiable measurement tracking tools for reviewing results periodically. Reflectively, this team should have essential knowledge in social media and tools used in marketing via the internet. Besides quality in service delivery and customer satisfaction depend on the support team. Therefore, customer retention is achievable through creation of reliable, informed, and passionate support team. In addition, the plan should include a monitoring matrix that maps out potential competitors and identify online weaknesses and strength of clients. Moreover, the reporting criteria should reflect success of marketing calendar and set target periodically generated (Kalb, 2002). The above recommendations depend on creations customized search engine and page which supply referrals to clients in order to affiliate sales. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple and self explanatory market expedition since e-Marketing rely on exchange of information between parties. Also, the marketing site should give room for recommendations from clients on level of satisfaction (Kalb, 2002). Data from these recommendations are vital in reviewing future progress tracking devises and determining the magnitude of success within a period of time. Conclusively, success of e-Marketing depends on execution of the above recommendations and transforming them into reality. Successful execution solely functions on inclusiveness, creation of quantifiable tracking devises for results, and recreating an informed support team. Generally, these recommendations should be practiced flexibly since online marketing environment is characterized by constant dynamics that may make previous designs irrelevant. E-Marketing Recommendations for Great Cup of Coffee Company Reference Kalb, S. (2002). E-Marketing: What Went Wrong and How to Do It Right . Los Angeles: K&A Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Plastic Pollution and Social Institutions Essay Table of Contents 1. The Politics of Plastic Pollution 2. The Economics of Plastic Pollution 3. Overcoming Political and Economic Hurdles 4. Conclusions 5. References Plastic pollution is a serious environmental hazard that threatens the integrity of many ecosystems as well as the health and prosperity of both human and marine life. At the same time, there is very little progress being made in that department, with any ecologically-inclined initiatives being taken only on local and regional levels. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the political and economic barriers that hamper the efforts to reduce plastic pollution and discuss the ways in how they could be overcome. The Politics of Plastic Pollution Despite the damaging effects that plastic has on the environment, many companies and businesses are directly interested in maintaining the existing status quo (Dauvergne, 2018). Food and beverage companies are some of the biggest users of single-use plastic packages, such as bottles, glasses, and wrappings. Since plastic is cheap, it allows them to keep the overall price of the product competitively low, which would have been different had they used glass, metal, or paper for packaging. Although Coca-Cola recently signed the UK Plastics Pact to improve its public image, the company was known to lobby anti-environmental laws that prevented regulation on plastic use for decades on end (Dauvergne, 2018). The plastics industry is connected to the oil industry, which is one of the most influential political players in the world (Dauvergne, 2018). Thus, the coalition against the environment is powerful and well-represented in international politics. These companies are putting their short-term interest ahead of the environment. The Economics of Plastic Pollution Plastics are considered to be one of the cheapest packaging sources currently available on the market. It helps keep the products competitive by reducing the amount of money and material spent on individual packaging as much as possible. However, the incremental price of plastics is much higher than initially anticipated because of the damage it does to the environment. Nobody calculates the impact on marine life and human health when making spreadsheets for expenditures and revenues because the company does not have to directly bear the costs (Beaumont et al., 2019). At the same time, the damage dealt by plastics to the marine populations and the environment exceeds 2.5 trillion USD per year (Beaumont et al., 2019). Had the plastic-producing companies been responsible for these expenditures, plastic would have ceased being an economically viable solution. Overcoming Political and Economic Hurdles To solve the plastic problem, a series of complex solutions are required. Although nearly every plastic and oil-producing company announce its “commitment to the environment,” there is very little evidence to suggest their genuine concern and willingness to protect the environment at the price of losing revenue or competitive value. Therefore, a political solution would require action from all governments involved, which would be a force greater than the international plastic lobby. It could be used to enforce new universal rules regarding plastic production and disposal. Alternatively, the same body could use its power to place the collective burden of 2.5 trillion dollars a year on the companies responsible for it (Dauvergne, 2018). However, that solution is unlikely to work, as the world’s political map is currently fragmented, and the ability to enforce such decisions is limited. The other solution is to provide alternative means of packaging from biodegradable and replenishable materials (Ganesan, Shanmugam, & Bhat, 2018). One potential solution involves making degradable plastics from seaweed, which is a readily available resource. Conclusions Plastic pollution is a serious political and economic problem, as the forces of the market dictate for companies to place competitive pricing and revenue about anything else. While a purely political solution is possible, the current state of the world government systems will not allow its implementation on a large scale. A technological solution is more likely to succeed. The research should focus on providing large companies with alternative means of producing packages for items and foodstuffs to reduce the amount of plastic disposed into the oceans. References Beaumont, N. J., Aanesen, M., Austen, M. C., Börger, T., Clark, J. R., Cole, M.,… & Wyles, K. J. (2019). Global ecological, social and economic impacts of marine plastic. Marine Pollution Bulletin , 142 , 189-195. Dauvergne, P. (2018). Why is the global governance of plastic failing the oceans? Global Environmental Change , 51 , 22-31. Ganesan, A. R., Shanmugam, M., & Bhat, R. (2018). Producing novel edible films from semi refined carrageenan (SRC) and ulvan polysaccharides for potential food applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , 112 , 1164-1170. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Apprentice writing should not use emotive style Report Every time one begins to read a text, one has this faith about the author’s ability to use language clearly in his expressing ideas. There is an assumption that the writer has enough authority on the subject and that the information contained therein is factual and not subjected to personal interpretation (Brannon & Knoblauch 1982). Therefore, a writer’s use of language is very essential in communicating in academic writing. Academic writing ought to be very objective, analytical and avoid any aspect of personalization. It should be devoid of any emotive language expressed through grammatical features such as personal pronouns. Apprentice writers therefore find themselves in this dilemma; should they stick to the already established norms or be creative and use emotional language? The use of personal pronouns, personal experiences and other grammatical features has been rejected in English academic writing as it makes an academic less formal. The aim of this paper is to give the reasons why apprentice writers need not be personal in their writing. English academic writing should have the appropriate level of formality. Formality is achieved by using the appropriate grammatical features and writing style. Grammatical features such as the use of personal pronouns such as I, we and you, and the use of imperatives is considered inappropriate. Using these personal pronouns and imperatives is associated with person-to-person dialogue (Chang & Swales 1969). Therefore including them in academic writing has been found to make academic writing less formal. It relegates the piece of work to the level of dialogue, where a speaker is allowed to use personal pronouns, as this informality therefore makes a piece of writing lack the necessary academic formality. Questions of plagiarism have been raised in academic writing. Plagiarism is presenting other writers ideas as writer’s own. Muftah and Jabr (2009) explains that a work is considered to be plagiarized “if the author uses pronouns such as we/our/ and i/my” to present other peoples ideas from a personal point of view. This creates the impression that the ideas are the writers own. The WHS English Department (2009) proposes that academic writers should limit the use of personal pronouns only to the third person pronouns in unquoted remarks. The use of these grammatical features makes a work seem personal expressing a personal rather than a scholarly perspective. They are therefore accused of academic theft: stealing, although unintentionally, of other writers work and presenting them as their own. Their academic writings therefore fail the credibility test. English academic writing ought to be culturally acceptable within the norms of English writing. For an English essay to qualify as culturally appropriate, it must be “objective, analytical and sequential” (Ha 2009 p 153). Most of apprentice academic writers especially those from English non-speaking countries are accused of violating this rule. This is because their writing style and language use includes the use of such features as personal pronouns, personal experiences and imperatives. Their works are said not to be analytical and objective enough as they are written from a personal point of view, rather than a factual point of view and therefore found not to be culturally appropriate. Students, especially when writing their academic papers, must conform to these rules of objectivity, to be appropriate in the eyes of their professors, who frown upon papers that have a personal touch. They must write within the examiners definition of appropriateness for their works to be considered academically effective (Ha 2009 p. 135) and culturally polite (p. 136) Ha says that authors express their personal voice in a piece of writing through “surface structure of the text as well as ideas discussed.” (p 137) The expression of voice is not considered as “strong writing” as it is considered as “self representation.” (p 138). Apprentice writers use their personal voice in attempting to establish themselves as authoritative figures in academic writing. They argue that a valid academic paper requires “a considerable amount of personal and emotional investment” (Ha p.136). Incorporating personal experiences in an academic paper becomes appropriate for them. In English academic writing, it is argued that personal experiences are not credible sources of information that qualifies for inclusion in academic writing, and therefore cannot be used as reference. Therefore, they cannot use personal experiences, which are hard to validate, as reference material. Debate is still going on the relevance of limiting a writer within established norms at the expense of encouraging creativity. Academic writing is moving away from the traditional impersonal writing style to one that allows a writer to vary the writing skills language and style (Chang & Swales 1969). However, such a move will create a problem is defining what is purely scholarly works that are a result of extensive research. Apprentice writers should not be allowed the freedom to personalize their academic papers, as it will create ambiguous works that border on academic and personal interpretations. Such works cannot be termed as scholarly, as they lack the necessary objectivity and credibility and the ideas they express cannot apply universally. Reference List Brannon L & Knoblauch H, May, 1982. On Students’ Rights to Their Own Texts: A Model of Teacher Response. College Composition and Communication Vol. 33, No. 2 pp. 157-166. Chang Y. & Swales J. 1969. Informal elements in English Academic Writing: Threats or Opportunities for Advanced Non-native Speakers? In CN Canadin & K Hyland (eds.), Writing Texts, Processes and Paractices, Longman, London, pp 145-167 Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/357623?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Ha P. 2009. Strategic, Passionate, but academic: Am I allowed in my writing? Journal of English for Academic Purposes 8 (2009), pp 134-146. Muftah A., and Jabr A. 2009. Document plagiarism detection algorithm using semantic networks. Masters thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia University of technology. Web. WHS English Department 2007, Writing the Research Paper, Watertown High School Students, Massachusetts. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Legal Issues Related to Cyber Crime Investigations Essay The legal issue of consent is quite an interesting topic for discussion. The main aspect of this concept is consent, which plays an important role in this process. To study this aspect, the Georgia vs case can be applied. Randolph, which affects the seizure of evidence without approval from the suspect. This work also explores what exceptions, in addition to the absence of a concent from a search warrant, can be applied to computers or other high-tech evidence. Before proceeding to the consideration of cases related to digital information, it is necessary to understand what Georgia v. Rudolf case is. The accused was accused by his wife of using narcotic substances and the woman promised to provide evidence of the accusations that were in their common house. However, if the spouse consented to the search of the property, the man refused and resisted him. Thus, the police got access to the necessary evidence, which was later collected after receiving the order and the husband was accused of cocaine possession. However, the court ruled that since the wife had no recognized authority in the law to give consent, she gave the police no more grounds for justifying entry than they would have had in the absence of any consent at all. Thus, there was a violation of the Fourth Amendment, and the compensation claims of the state were not summed up to outweigh it. The Fourth Amendment, which is the central legislative concept in this case, prohibits unreasonable searches and detentions. Moreover, it implies the issuance of search warrants only if they are issued by a court with sufficient grounds. However, research shows that “the Supreme Court has never explained what makes an expectation of privacy reasonable, and scholars regularly complain that this standard is incomprehensible and unworkable” (Tokson, 2020, p. 1). Therefore, if we apply this aspect to Internet technologies and electronic information of a person, the police cannot obtain this information without the direct consent of the accused. This also applies to the fact that the security authorities cannot follow the consent of the roommates or neighbors, since these proofs are not their personal property. Moreover, thus, it can be concluded that the seizure of evidence is lawful with the permission of one person, when another, who will try to hide them and at the same time is present at the scene and clearly refuses to give consent illegally. The Fourth Amendment supports the fact of unauthorized actions for the uncoordinated acquisition of digital information and without a court order with the necessary amount of substantiated evidence. Therefore, using the case of Georgia v. Rudolph (2006) as an example, it can be concluded that law enforcement agencies, with assistance, can seize the necessary evidence on electronic media without consequences for the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth Amendment gives people the right to be secure in their houses and papers (Garrett & Stoughton, 2017). This is an inherent right that balances the governments need to investigate criminal activity while preventing unnecessary and unwarranted police intrusions. However, it is a limited right and is not applied to all searches and seizures. Furthermore, it is a personal right and can be claimed only by the person who is the subject of the search. On the other hand, the amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and considers many circumstances at the same time. An example would be the case United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez as a reasonable justification for the search, a set of circumstances were given and the assistance and cooperation of foreign agents was emphasized (Bailey, 2018). The Fourth Amendment in this instance did not have its force in relation to the search of property belonging to a non-resident alien and located in another country. An exception in the absence of content may be the assumption by law enforcement agencies of the validity and evidence of their actions in accordance with the appropriate authority. Another exception is the example when the electronic source of the necessary evidence has several hosts. Thus, if there is a password to the technology, a third party can consent to the data search. An example of such a case was the investigation of the United States v. Smith (1999). Thus, it is possible to circumvent consent, but this case can still be refuted by the court as a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Electronic high-tech technologies store a huge amount of information about their users. Thus, in relation to the Fourth Amendment and applying it to electronic devices, consent is required, which prevents the acquisition of evidence. Moreover, this amendment allows law enforcement agencies to conduct searches to seize documents during criminal investigations and enables judges to issue warrants authorizing police to confiscate suspects’ digital devices. The main condition in this case is a detailed indication of the places to be searched and the items to be seized. Nevertheless, this factor can be bypassed if the electronic carrier has several users who have the necessary password. References Bailey, C. E. (2018). The extraterritorial application of Constitutional Law: United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez. BU Int’l LJ, 36 , 119. Garrett, B., & Stoughton, S. (2017). A Tactical Fourth Amendment. Va. L. Rev., 103 , 211. Tokson, M. (2020). The emerging principles of fourth amendment privacy. Geo. Wash. L. Rev., 88 , 1. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Nelson Mandela was born in the year 1918 in a small village called Qumu Transkei in South Africa. He was born to Chief Henry Mandela whose origin was from a tribe called Tembu. Mandela in his childhood was a herdsman and was also involved in community works. When his farther died, he was then left under one of his relatives care. He was then taken to a missionary school where he used to mobilize his fellow students against the colonial rule. For this case, he was expelled from school for inciting the other students. He then proceeded to the university collage of Fort Hare and later joined Witwatersrand University where he qualified in law in the year 1942. Main body After completing his education, he then fully got involved in politics from the year 1944. He joined a party called the Africans National Congress whereby he was at the fore frond to stage rebellion against apartheid policies imposed by the then ruling National Party. He was later arrested and imprisoned for disloyalty from the year 1956 to 1961. After the African National Congress was disallowed in 1960, Mandela then suggested that there was need to form an army from the ANC. His suggestion was accepted by the ANC top leadership that would involve violent strategies to air their views. He was once again arrested in the year 1962 and sent to prison with hard work. He was again brought to trial in 1963 following the arrest of the fellow ANC members for planning a coup de tatagainst the government. While in prison Mandela became more famous and widely accepted as the only leader of the African origin who could save the people. Actually, we will look deeply into Mandela’s humanistic nature as well as his traits. Mandela can be described as humanistic because when we consider all his decisions that he used to make whenever he did anything, they were very personal. In all his life from his childhood, we find that Mandela at no time acted under pressure. This strange personality that he had really helped a lot in his life because he never did anything that made him regret later. For instance, when he was in school, he was expelled because he was accused of inciting fellow students against the ruling party. He did this alone without being influenced by anyone. Again we find that after he had completed his education, he was in the fore front leading his party fellows against the ruling party by advising them to use violent tactics to air their views. Surely, it was very difficult at that time to find someone opposing the powerful government because there was a lot of oppression and intimidation. But Mandela went against this mentality and did the contrary which landed him severally in jail. In addition, after the African National Congress had been illegalized, he did not want to feel finished, neither did he want to be under the colonial government’s instructions, but instead, he wanted to feel free in their own nation where they could do things without interference, therefore he proposed to his party members to form an army that could continue fighting for their rights. This struggles that Mandela made can be correctly matched with the theory of Humanistic which was introduced to describe the situation of doing things under no influence whether environmental or physical. This applied to Mandela whereby he chose to go contrary to the colonial government by choosing to do what he felt was right. On the other hand, Mandela had some traits that also helped him achieve his dreams. He had some unique traits that could be found in a few people. For example, we can say that he had a trait of involvement. He used to fully dedicate himself in whatever decisions he made and always defended them to the bitter end. When he started the road to liberation, he could not stop no matter the cruelty of the colonial government. He can also be described as empathetic because he would not like to see people suffer as a result of apartheid rule system and this made him fight for them. Since this theory can be said to be a tendency to satisfy the biological survival needs, it closely relates to Mandela’s traits because he could not just feel comfortable when he saw people suffering. Conclusion Comparing the two theories on how they relate to Mandela’s way of life, it is clear that the theory of humanistic outweighs that one of traits in that, the theory of traits needed that of humanistic to survive. Most of the characters that best describes Mandela that led to his achievements are closely related the theory of humanistic. For instance, there is no way he could fully involve himself in all that he did according to the theory of traits and succeed without having made the right decision by choosing to do as his heart directed him without influence. Another example is that he could be empathetic according to the traits theory but fail to act accordingly by fearing to make an independent decision of going contrary to the ruling National Party hence fighting for their rights regardless of the ruthlessness of the colonial government. References Mandela, Nelson. “ Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela” Little Brown, 1994:34-88 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In particular, McDonald’s fast food company embarks on an aggressive social responsibility strategy. The company has suffered criticism over junk food. Nonetheless, the fast food giant continues to make substantial amounts of revenues notwithstanding the health issues raised regarding fries and junk. Should a company bear the social obligation to meet the demands of the society despite making profits from hazardous goods to consumers? Using the perspectives of such thinkers as Yukl, Machiavelli, Plato, Hobbes and Rand, this paper will focus on the analysis of the organizational dilemma. Standpoints of Various Thinkers on the Issue The moral challenges of power and self-interest raised by the above issue is dazzling. Judging the organization from Yukl perspectives of leadership, the leaders of McDonald’s have assumed various ways in which they exercise power not only on the employees and teams but also on the society (Yukl, 2006). Corporate social responsibility reflects reward power to the society where the company reaps benefits from sales and rewards the society through the initiative (Spence et al., 2004; Zaccaro et al., 2001). The use of reward power by McDonald’s has helped the organization to meet its objectives amidst calls for a paradigm shifts in eating habits. Further, the concept of power and self-interests elucidated by Plato could infer that McDonald’s has centralized power of influencing both the employees as well as the society. Plato sees no rationale for embarking on such strategy since it would imply that people have power. He distances himself from ‘people power’ and argues that the company, which in this case represents the ‘ Republic’ , should not bear any moral obligation for the society (Bostock, 2000). Due to the power of self-interests, McDonald’s should focus on its objectives, which is to increase the wealth of its owners rather than distributing its revenues to people (Annas, 1981). Contrary to the views of Plato, Hobbes could judge the dilemma from different perspectives. His perspective of power, which in this case is wielded by McDonalds, should be in relation to other people. In his masterpiece, The Leviathan, Hobbes says that power is relational to other people without whom there would be no any phenomenon referred to as power (Ellis & Harper, 1997). Hence, McDonalds has wielded relative power given that the consumers continue to have faith in the company. Niccollo Machiavelli would argue in line with his premise that human nature is typical of endless competition. In fact, the essence of life is to ensure that every person gets an edge over others. Applying this argument to the context of an organization, McDonalds should not relent on its current strategy whether or not the food they serve are healthy. Antonakis et al. (2009) assert that the company should focus on ensuring that it maximizes on profits without considering the consequences of its operations on the society or consumer. This is in lieu of the fact that an organization should aim at posing the increased competition with other food industry despite the means it uses (Davis & Blomstrom, 1975). To the contrary, Rand conceptualizes the concept of power by elucidating that practical power is important and inherent aspect of human beings (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2006). Therefore, McDonald’s consumers should be able to question the motives of the organization and demand the company to give back to the society through corporate social responsibility. References Annas, J. (1981). An introduction to Plato’s Republic . Oxford: Clarendon Press Antonakis, J., Ashkanasy, N. & Dasborough, M. (2009). Does leadership need emotional intelligence? The Leadership Quarterly, 20 (2), 247–261. Bostock, D. (2000). Aristotle’s Ethics . New York: Oxford University Press. Carroll, A. & Buchholtz, A. (2006). Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management . Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Ciulla, B. (2003). The Ethics of Leadership. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Thompson-Wadsworth Publishers. Davis, K. & Blomstrom, R. (1975). Business and Society: Environment and Responsibility . New York: McGraw-Hill. Ellis, A. & Harper, R. (1997). A Guide to Rational Living. Hollywood, California: Wilshire. Spence, L., Habisch, A. & Schmidpeter, R. (2004). Responsibility and Social Capital. The World of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. New York: Palgrave. Yukl, G. (2006). Leadership in Organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Zaccaro, J., Rittman, L., & Marks, A. (2001). Team leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 12(4), 451-483. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Storytelling of “The Nutcracker” Play Essay Introduction The play unfolds with Christmas celebrations, where Fritz and Clara (children) together with their parents look on pompously. Clara and her brother Fritz are seen jovial welcoming the visitors. Their godfather gives them two big dolls. Fritz starts fighting for Clara’s nutcracker as they open their gifts, eventually breaking them. At night, strange things happen when the entire room is invaded by mice. The nutcracker marshals a group of toy soldiers to fight the rats, but they are overwhelmed. Clara comes to their rescue by killing the king’s mouse. The nutcracker changes to a prince and takes Clara the Sugar Plum Fairy. They narrate to her about their encounter and they are recompensed with dances. Main body One of the most fascinating things about this play is the storytelling style that Wayne Eagling adopts. He makes his narrative appear so real that it captivates both the children and the adults. He ensures that each event attributes to specific facets of music. Besides, he brings out a number of themes at the beginning of the play, the thing that many other play writers are not able to. One cannot resist watching this play again and again. The color combinations make one belief in the events taking place on stage. Everything appears real. Apart from color combination and music, the play-writer selects his characters well. He manages to change the roles of different characters without contradictions. One of the characters that stand out in the entire play is Junor Souza, who acts as the nutcracker. In some instances, he dances with his face covered while in others with his face unmasked. The changing behavior of this character makes the play baffling. In some cases, the character is white, while in some scenes he appears black. It makes one wonder what the character depicts in the play. I remember one of the audiences claiming that the figure represents Michael Jackson. The play is fascinating, and the characters are well selected. Nevertheless, it is hard for one to connect the story with some stages. The nature of the nutcracker makes the play somehow confusing. Souza exhibits two personalities thus becoming hard to tell who he represents. I do not like the way he appears black and white in different scenes. Just like the audience who asks whether the character represents Michael Jackson, I feel like someone is being mocked. The play-writer should have come up with two charters for these roles. For the case of snowflakes, they look entertaining. However, the play would have been more captivating had it included the actual snow. The snow would have made the stage appear real. Conclusion The play is said to be worth it if it is capable of maintaining its viewership for a long. The Nutcracker is one of the many plays that have passed the test of time. The costumes and stage arrangement make many people wish to watch the film frequently. The style of storytelling the play adopts leaves the audience glued to the screen. In spite of few flaws in the play, one agrees that this is one of the best plays to watch with the family. I would recommend this production for it has not only managed to come up with a good play but has also used the play to bring out numerous themes that are critical to our day to day life. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
X & Company and Electricity Storage Association Essay Introduction This write up contains a practical application of break even analysis of variable or marginal costing systems. The stress is on the use of contribution calculations and the importance of variable and fixed costs in the analysis. Application and analysis The company selected is X & Company. It is an Electric storage company manufacturing energy storage delivery systems. The company uses a marginal costing system for its cost accounting affairs. For the purpose of computing its profitability the company has defined the following for the purpose of its cost measurement: Unit of measurement The company works on a job basis and material, labor and other expenditures are measured on per machine basis. Revenue per unit of the activity Each electric storage delivery system is assembled separately as per specifications provided by the customers. Accordingly revenue of each system is easily identifiable. Total revenue of three systems assembled and sold during March 2009 was $34000. Variable costs for the activity Variable costs include material, labor, and manufacturing overheads. Each machinery’s material is different and accordingly vary as per size and specifications provided by the customer. So is the case with labor and manufacturing overhead costs. During March 2009 the material cost was $8000, labor $ 6000, and manufacturing overheads were $7000. It may be noted that ‘variable costs are often equal to cost of goods sold and be the only incremental costs relevant to pricing decision.’(Linda Gorchels, page 106) 1 Fixed Costs ‘Costs that essentially remain unchanged even though the business increases its volume of sales are fixed costs.’(Gene Siciliano, page 128) 2 . Fixed overheads include factory rent, factory insurance, office salaries and other administrative expenses. Most of these expenses are paid on a monthly basis and accordingly cannot be easily identified with machines manufactured by the company. The expenses enumerated on monthly basis are salaries $5000, rent $2500, factory insurance $700, interest on capital employed $ 3600 per annum or $300per month, and other administrative expenses comes to $1500. Under marginal costing, also called variable costing, profitability is calculated through the method of contribution made by revenue after meeting the variable expenses on the products sold. This also helps in determining the break- even point where the company makes no profit and no losses. At the point of break even sales achieved is equal to its total cost incurred up to that point of sales. ‘The objective of break even analysis is to determine the sales volume level at which the product will generate enough revenue to start earning a profit.’ (Carlos W. Moore and Justine Gooderl, page 1917) 3 If production is enhanced beyond this level, profit shall accrue to the business, and if it is decreased from this level, loss shall be suffered by the business. On the other hand, contribution is the difference between selling price and the variable cost. Contribution must be equal to fixed cost in order for the company to arrive at break even point. Break even analysis is a widely used technique to study cost- volume- profit relationship. The narrower interpretation of the term break even analysis refers to a system of determination of that level of activity where total cost equals total selling price. The broader interpretation refers to that system of analysis which determines probable profit at any level of activity. On the basis of above information of X & Co. its contribution margin, break even point and profitability for the month of March 2009 are calculated as under: Figure 1. Break even analysis Conclusion At a sale of $ 31000 the X & Company is breaking even. At this point the company is meeting all its cost and not profits. However, sales being more than required at break even point, the company has made a profit of $3000 during March 2009. X and Company can use this information and plan the required level of assembling activities during the coming months. References 1. Linda Gorchels, The Product Manager’s Handbook, McGraw Hill Professional, 2005, page 106 2. Gene Siciliano, Finance for Non- Financial Managers, McGraw Hill Professional, 2003, page 128 3. Carlos W. Moore and Justine Gooderl, Managing Small Business, Cengage Learning EMEA, 2008, page 1917 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Time Warner Company Strategic Management Essay (Article) Article Summary Jack Bewkes is a conventionalist, but a levelheaded Time Warner CEO, who grew up in a successful family and studied in the best schools. Bewkes is on a warpath with cheap online broadcasters that distribute content at a very low cost. He is defending Time Warner’s traditional business approach and achievements while at the same time propagating its new idea of selling content through TV Every where, a concept that allow viewers to pay a $ 79 monthly charge and watch TV and movies on web based devices. This business model has two initial challenges; gathering the technologies relevant for launching, and the new web based broadcast companies such as iTunes, Netflix, Hulu, and Boxee, among others. These new online broadcasters rent content to viewers at 99 cents per rental, 70 cents of which belongs to content makers, an idea that Bewkes believes to be unsustainable. He supports technologies like Google and Cisco, which will enhance the accessibility to internet TV. However, he will not let them broadcast his content free, especially it they broadcast alongside ads. Boxee CEO Avner Ronen, however believes that Time Warner must accept new technologies, as it would reap most benefits. Bewkes has been faced a few management challenges such as the under performance of Time Warner stock, poor investments such as the acquisition of Social site Bebo and divorcing AOL and Time Warner. During his tenure at Time Warner, he streamlined its operations to focus on Content production. He also increased the company’s returns, which meant better dividends for shareholders. Time Warner content is everywhere but Bewkes will only sell it at the right price. Implications for Professionals Involved in Strategic Management Strategic management is “the analysis, decisions, and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain competitive advantages” (Gregory, Lumpkin, & Taylor, 2005). It is the responsibility of managers to develop a visionary plan, which will ensure their company’s survival in an increasingly competitive world ( Ireland & Hitt, 1999). Brady, (2011) explains that Time Warner’s CEO, Jeff Bewkes, beliefs on strategic management; it is not just taking action, but doing so only when the action makes sense. In this light therefore, he has had to make several strategic decisions at the right time, to ensure Time Warner’s market survival. He had to streamline time Warner business portfolio and reduce operational cost, a process Zairi & Sinclair (1995) terms as “redesigning business processes to produce improved performance” (Zairi & Sinclair, 1995). The result is that Time Warner profits grew by 3%. He also had to protect his market share by fighting off new online broadcasters who rented his content at low cost. He proposed TV Everywhere, a technology that allows viewers to pay a monthly subscription fee and watch it on any online devise of their choice. He was also ready to let online broadcasters rent his content as long as they paid the right price for it. Professionals involved in strategic management cannot afford to make poor investment choices. This is because the losses incurred may be too big to bear. A classic example is AOL Time Warner marriage, which did not last long. Strategic management also means that Time Warner has to embrace new technologies to distribute its content at the price. Despite the increasing competition, Jeff’ steered Time Warner to commendable profitability. Returns to share holders rose by 13 %, while Time Warner annual returns rose by 1.9 %. It is still debatable whether time Warner will weather the storm but the signs are good. Reference List Brady ,D. (2011, January 20). Time warner and the war against free. Bloomberg business week , Web. Gregory, G., Lumpkin, T., & Taylor, M. (2005). Strategic Management. 2 Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin Ireland D., & Hitt, M. (1999) Achieving and maintaining strategic competitiveness in the 21st Century: The Role of Strategic Leadership. The Academy of Management Executive, 13(1). Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4165515?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Zairi, M. & Sinclair D, (1995). Business process re-engineering and process management: A survey of current practice and future trends in integrated management, Business Process Management Journal, DOI:10.1108/14637159510798248. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Principals Base Every Decision on Best Teachers Essay For a school principal, it is paramount to make correct decisions that will allow for improving the effectiveness of the school and enhancing the quality of the education provided for its students. However, one person can’t be able to take into account all the nuances of every situation that occurs in such a large organization as a school. Therefore, it is pivotal that the principal consults with the school’s educational staff; in particular, it is stated that primarily, the best teachers in the school should be asked for such advice. When considering a change in the school, creating new rules, routines, etc., an efficacious principal should consider what the best teachers will think of this innovation. It is stated that there exist several reasons for this. For instance, in the situation when the best teachers in the school do not think that something is a good idea, it might be unlikely that the rest of the educational staff will agree with this idea. Also, when the best educators are convinced that an idea is bad, it may be highly probable that the idea is, indeed, bad. Therefore, the best teachers should be consulted because they will very often offer a sober assessment and constructive criticism of the idea in question. Because they are the best teachers in the school, it is highly probable that their advice will be most useful. (However, it is noted that the principal should take care to avoid the situation when the best teachers would be considered their “pets.”) On the other hand, mediocre teachers (or even the “backbone” educators) may not give such a constructive assessment of the new idea or might react badly to it merely because of being reluctant to implement it. It is also emphasized that the implementation of change should also start with the best teachers in the school, not the mediocre ones. This is because the best educators are most likely to start implementing a new idea most productively if they are indeed the high performers. First, suppose the principal has already asked for their approval and recommendations. He has taken both into account, which is reflected in the idea that is accepted for implementation. Then, these teachers will most clearly see the benefits of this change – because they approved it and assisted in shaping it. Therefore, it is very likely that they will introduce it with the most extraordinary enthusiasm. Also, they will be most likely to know how to better realize it in practice because they helped formulate it. Also, due to the best teachers’ enthusiasm, introducing the change with these educators will be much easier than with other teachers, who may feel worried that it will not work or that they will not be able to implement it properly. On the other hand, when the “backbone” and “mediocre” educators will see that their colleagues have successfully utilized the new methods, they often will be more willing to implement these new ideas themselves, at least not to lag if not for other reason. Thus, it will be considerably easier to deal with possible resistance to change if the principal starts implementing it with the best teachers. All in all, before introducing change in the school, the principals should seek the advice of their best teachers to assess how good an idea is and to modify or formulate it in a way that would permit it to become as useful as possible. Also, the principal should start implementing the innovation with the best teachers, because the latter will probably be most effective at it, and because the other educators will likely follow their lead if they witness that the new idea is working well. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Internet Resource Evaluation Essay The website, www.finance.mapsofworld.com, gives financial information on various topics and some of them include stock market, financial market, forex market, and the mortgage market. On the stock market, the website notes that it is a financial market that deals with the buying and selling of company stocks, derivatives, and other securities, and that financial sector reforms and integration have improved the performance of most stock markets in the world (Compare Infobase Limited, para.1). According to the website, the function of financial markets in recent years has increased due to the buoyant domestic and international capital flows in countries all over the world. The website points out that the development of communication has enabled the forex market to grow and currently, it is the largest financial market in the world, having a daily turnover of close to $3 trillion. Lastly, on the mortgage market, the website notes that the institution is increasingly gaining significance in the world as a way of owning property without paying its total value. Therefore, the website seems to be useful because of the wide range of financial information that it gives to its readers. This internet resource seems to be trustworthy for getting financial information. Written by Compare Infobase Limited that is based in San Jose, CA, the website talks about the main areas of investment that one can delve in and gives credible information on the same. Further, since the company is ISO 9001:2000 certified, this gives it the authority and the necessary credentials to comment on financial issues. Published in 2009, the content of the website is current and the fact that it gives the contact details of its corporate author ( [email protected] ) increases its credibility. Lastly, the inclusion of copyright information and privacy information in the website makes it to be trustworthy, as it would make the readers know that the comments they can give concerning the content of the website would be treated with respect. I would use this resource for various purposes. As a new investor, the financial information that this website gives would assist me to make well-informed financial decisions concerning investing in the stock market, financial market, forex market, or in the mortgage market. The website is full of professional financial advice concerning various avenues of investments. Therefore, I would use the accurate information for self-education, acquiring good investment strategies, and making wise decisions to invest only in quality investments. In addition, I would also use the information from the website to develop the discipline and patience required for success in any investment decision. Compared to other websites and resources, gives above-average information on issues of investment. The website does not dwell on a single course of investment as other websites, but it talks about the different investment avenues that one can pursue. Therefore, this makes it to be of above-average status as an investor can easily compare the information on various financial topics in one sitting before making a decision on the type of investment to venture into. To this end, it is clear that the website I have evaluated is a useful resource for getting financial information on the type of investment to pursue. Since it gives accurate financial information, the website is an important resource material for new investors who want to sharpen their skills in business. Works Cited Compare Infobase Limited. “Financial Institutions.” Mapsofworld.com . Maps of World,2009. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Camel Racing and Nutrition Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Camel Racing 3. Nutrition for the camel 4. Diet for the camel during the year 5. Diet for the camel during and after the race 6. References Introduction The digestive system of a camel allows it to survive on fibrous feeds of low-quality nutrients. Camels are browser animals, which can feed on easily digestible diets. Camels do not require a lot of energy like other ruminants. In addition, they also have effective systems for recycling nutrients. Camels can also engage in physical activities like racing at high speed just like other animals. They have advantages based on low energy requirements, supply of glucose, low need for oxygen, and dependence on muscles that rely on aerobic metabolism. This essay focuses on the nutritional requirements of a camel in order to win the prize during a race. Camel Racing Camel racing is a popular game in the Middle East. Camels usually cover distances of five to 40 kilometers. Naturally, camels do not run. Instead, the pace can sustain “average speeds of 35 to 40 km/hour” (Kempton, 2007). They also have the ability to run at a speed above 40 km/hour. Nevertheless, they experience the challenge of exhausting easily. Kempton argues that camels are pseudo-ruminants, which have the capacity to race at similar speeds to horses, for longer distances, and longer periods (Kempton, 2007). Nutrition for the camel Camels operate in dry and harsh environments, which have allowed them to digest most of the foods than other ruminants. Browsing enables a camel to select feeds of high quality. However, Ellard suggests that there is a lack of sufficient data on camel nutrition (Ellard, 2000). As a result, most data come from studies of other ruminants (Wilson, 1989). The dry matter intakes of camels are usually lower than other ruminants. Camels’ consumption of body weight in the form of dry matter is 1.7 percent. This is lower than in horses and cattle, which consume above three percent. About 70 percent of dry matter requirements for camels are roughage. Camels have high rates of digestibility. The ability of camels to digest a lot of roughage is due to the existence of micro-flora. Micro-flora can facilitate the digestion of roughage and enhance the recycling of urea. Diet for the camel during the year Camels need balanced diets throughout the year. The diet should consist of protein, oil, fiber, carbohydrate, and other energy-giving foods. Roughage is the main source of diet for camels. It mainly comes from fresh alfalfa. Camels get most of their energy from barley. However, barley may subject them to indigestion, dysfunction of the rumen, and colic (Bhattacharya et al, 1988). Diet for the camel during and after the race According to Manefield and Tinson, a proper diet for a racing camel should consist of “10 kg of alfalfa tops, three to four kg of soaked whole barley, one kg of dates, two liters of fresh milk, hay, electrolyte, vitamin, and mineral supplements” (Manefield and Tinson, 1997). Based on the digestive system of camels, energy foods do not readily provide immediate energy needed for muscular activities during the race. Camels also cannot maintain vigorous muscular activities for long. Thus, the main issue is to feed camels to generate sufficient energy needed for vigorous racing activities. Tropical oils readily provide the energy needed in a race. These may include coconut oils, which are rich in fatty acids. Fatty acids readily get into the digestive system and provide energy during metabolism. The aim of feeding a camel is to enable it to perform fast like a horse. This implies that camels must feed on digestible energy that can supplement energy from roughage to allow them to engage in high-intensity activities like racing. Highly digestible energy comes from grains and digestible fibers. However, these cause indigestion and temperament in camels. There are suggestions to use dietary starch, which consists of digestible fiber, and oil feeds (Kempton, 2007). Camels in the race need the energy to compensate for vigorous competitions, which demand high amounts of energy within a short time. Thus, the energy supplied must yield high levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Such activities make camels demand a continuous supply of energy to maintain muscle activities. ATP is the only source of energy for muscle performance. Oils provide the best source of energy for feeding camels. This is because oils can eliminate cases of metabolic disorders arising from grain feeds. However, not all oil products have similar tendencies. Oils with a long-chain composition such as maize, soybean, and canola also have abilities to disrupt metabolic activities in camels. Lymphatic can slowly digest and absorb these oils and transport them to the liver for metabolism. In this regard, such sources of oil energy are not the best for providing energy for racing. On the other hand, saturated oils like coconut oils do not result in metabolism cases among camels and other ruminants. These because such oils contain low levels of free fatty acids (FFA). In addition, coconut oils have medium fatty acids (MCFA) that go directly to the liver through blood systems. Thus, such oil feeds are responsible for the necessary energy camels need to win a race. After the race, camels should take feeds with lipid in order to compensate for energy lost during the race. These are mainly carbohydrate foods, which provide the best balance for lactate metabolism and accumulation of lactic acid (Kempton, 2007). References Bhattacharya, A.N., Al-Mutairi, S., Hashimi, A. and Economides, S. (1988). Energy and protein utilisation of lucerne hay and barley grain by yearling camel calves. Anim. Prod., 47 , 481-485. Ellard, K. (2000). Development of a sustainable camel industry. Western Australia: RIRDC publication. Kempton, T. (2007). Nutrition, diet, feed and feeding the racing camel. Media Room: Scientific Articles, 10 , 1-2. Manefield, W. and Tinson, H. (1997). Camels: a compendium. Sydney: University of Sydney. Wilson, R. (1989). The nutritional requirements of camel. Options Méditerranéennes; Série Séminaires, 2 , 171-179. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Continuity and Change in Personality” by Walter Mischel Essay Continuity theory The problem of continuity and change of personality has always been of extreme significance in psychology. Scholars have introduced numerous opinions concerning the nature of personality development. The continuity theory is one of the approaches to the understanding of the way people change with age. Thus, many scholars believed that actions that occurred in childhood and influenced the development of personality had a substantial impact on personality. The primary idea of the continuity theory is that people have the same inner drivers that predetermine their behaviors during the rest of their life. However, Walter Mischel introduced the new idea about the role of continuity and change in personality and challenged this theory. The idea of continuity was supported by the so-called “five-factor model” of human personality. Thus, scholars defined that there were five broad emotional traits typical for all people. These five groups of emotional traits are known as the Big Five. The following groups of features were distinguished: openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The notion of continuity was explained in terms of these five characteristics. Walter Mischel did not share this opinion. He considered that personality was much more complex. The recognition of five personality traits is not relevant, according to the author. “ Continuity and Change in Personality” by Walter Mischel Walter Mischel wrote the article entitled “Continuity and Change in Personality” in 1969 in American Psychologists. The central idea of the article is that human behavior varies drastically due to the environment and different situations. At the beginning of the article, the author agrees that there are cases when substantial consistency takes place. Thus, he states that cognitive constructions of people concerning their individuality and the surrounding world are more likely to remain stable. These ways of understanding the world can be formed quickly in childhood, but they will continue to be the same for the rest of life. According to Mischel (1969), the other aspect that proves the continuity refers to the cognitive style dimensions that derive from the peculiarities of problem-solving abilities. However, Mischel pays attention to the fact that there is controversy about the continuity of such cognitive traits as field dependence or IQ. Mischel (1969) writes that “correlations between measures of generalized intelligence and cognitive style such as Witkin’s field dependence raise the question of the degree to which the consistency of cognitive styles may be due to their associations with intellectual abilities” (p. 1014). Mischel proceeds with his idea that not only intellectual traits but also behavioral features should be evaluated in this respect. Behaviors are significantly influenced by situations and circumstances. Consistency is not typical in such cases. The author presents the information about the research concerning the investigation of the consistency of the delay of gratification. The experiment included the observation of preschool children who were told that they would receive gratification but with delay. Children had to sit in the chair and wait, or they could not wait and take another, not so attractive gift. The results demonstrated a variety of behaviors. From the point of view of supporters of continuity theory, children displayed different interests because of their dissimilar emotional traits. Nevertheless, Mischel found out that such a factor as interest was also significant. Thus, depending on the situation and the level of interest, children showed dissimilar readiness to wait for gratification. Finally, Mischel examines the issue of genotypes and their expression through phenotypes. He provides the example of a woman whose behavior varies. Once, she is hostile, but in the other case, she can be kind and warm. Scientists who support genotype-phenotype idea can say that the woman is kind (genotype) with aggression used as the defensive mechanism (phenotype). It is also possible to say that the woman is aggressive by her genotype, but the phenotype is presented by the illusion of kindness. Walter Mischel writes that there is one more possibility — a woman’s personality comprises all mentioned features. She is aggressive, hostile, kind, and warm at the same time. The demonstration of one of the traits depends on the external circumstances. Conclusion The article, under consideration, presents a profound approach to the problem. First, it should be mentioned that the author is not biased in his judgments. He accepts other ideas and acknowledges their value. Mischel employs the method of snowball sampling to present his views in a gradual and coherent manner. Besides, his conceptions have been tested later. Thus, Caspi and Roberts (2001) have investigated the development of personality during the lifespan and found out that continuity is more vivid in childhood. During adulthood, the continuity is not high due to the increased interactions in the environment. Briley and Tucker-Drob (2014), on the contrary, examined the continuity and concluded that the phenotypic stabilities increase with age. During childhood and before thirty years, the person’s continuity changes under the influence of both genetics and the environment. However, after the age of thirty or so, the stability of thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors remains the same. These findings exemplify the need to investigate the phenomenon of continuity precisely. The differences in the continuity of various age groups demonstrate that, probably, there are different types of continuity and change of personality. These issues comprise the implications for researchers and practitioners. References Briley, D., & Tucker-Drob, E. (2014). Genetic and Environmental Continuity in Personality Development: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140 (5), 1303-1331. Caspi, A., & Roberts, B. (2001). Personality Development across the Life Course: The Argument for Change and Continuity. Psychological Inquiry, 12 (2), 49-66. Mischel, W. (1969). Continuity and Change in Personality. American Psychologists, 24 (1), 1012-1018. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The World of Dance” Event Research Paper As we have already stated, the World of Dance is a unique event in the sphere of art that tries to attract the attention of people across the world. At the same time, it is focused on the youth as one of the most active categories of society. Young people prefer to lead an active lifestyle, which means that their participation in events like the World of Dance is part of their culture. Therefore, regarding the fact that these very people comprise the target audience, there is a need for a specific pricing strategy that will be able to meet this categorys requirements and contribute to the involvement of numerous individuals. These factors introduce the following peculiarities of the pricing strategy. All participants who want to compete and attain success do not have to pay. It is a key aspect of the show, which attracts thousands of people from numerous states. At the same time, it helps to popularize the event and guarantee a high level of interest to it as many individuals want to try their hands in dancing and become successful. Under these conditions, ticket sales and advertising become the main sources of income for World of Dance. However, there are also several factors that impact these aspects. First, the price of tickets could not be too high as the most active fans of the show should have an opportunity to visit a particular concert. For this reason, the average price is about $30-50, which remains affordable for the majority of people interested in it (World of Dance). As for advertising, it is obviously a central issue that guarantees stable revenues. The fact is that any popular show attracts the attention of numerous potential investors and sponsors that could use it as a platform to promote their products and attract spectators attention to services these companies or organizations might suggest. The high popularity of World of Dance and its significant impact on the target audience result in numerous contracts with investors who provide needed sums to support the show and guarantee its existence (Seidman). Under these conditions, due to the sponsors involvement, the World of Dance can introduce comparatively low prices for tickets and guarantee free participation for all individuals who feel they could do it. This well-thought-out pricing strategy results in the increased popularity of the show and helps organizers to preserve the high level of interest. Another critical aspect of the marketing plan is the creation of an outstanding experience that will attract spectators and guarantee a high level of satisfaction. Regarding the peculiarities of World of Dance, it is crucial to ensure that the event contributes to the appearance of especially strong feelings along with emotions related to belonging to a specific subculture. Thus, the creation of experience includes such elements as creative expression, dancing, emotions, authenticity, openness, and connectivity. In this regard, the World of Dance should introduce a multidimensional approach to the issue that encompasses all these elements and contributes to the increased levels of satisfaction among admirers of the show. First, the event should introduce and cultivate a unique culture peculiar only to it. At the moment, it is an outstanding adventure that attracts people by its spirit, emotions, and experience that could be gained only here. It is essential for organizers to preserve this image and engage new participants by emphasizing this very fact. Moreover, dancing is art. For this reason, the strategic plan should include the elaboration of an authentic experience related to feelings that appear when looking at unique performances or unusual movements of dances. The world of Dance should also be ready to demonstrate its openness to people who want to become part of it and enjoy their belonging to this unusual event (Easter). The next step in the creation of a unique experience is a successful combination of dance and music for spectators to enjoy a unique atmosphere and remain satisfied with the show. That is why organizers should try to combine popular songs with movements that will obviously attract peoples attention. Finally, World of Dance welcomes both skilled and famous dancers and people from YouTube for better competitiveness and amusement (Schaefer). In such a way, fans acquire an opportunity to watch professional dancers along with awkward performances, which is crucial for the atmosphere of the show and the creation of a particular experience. Altogether, pricing strategy and creation of a unique experience remain basic elements of the marketing plan of the World of Dance. Organizers of the show should consider the peculiarities of the target audience when introducing prices for tickets and encouraging people to take part in the event. Additionally, they should devote much attention to the cultivation of a particular culture for spectators to be able to enjoy their belonging to this adventure. It could also help to create an outstanding experience encompassing dances, music, authenticity, openness, and readiness to cooperate. In such a way, by elaborating on these aspects of the marketing plan, World of Dance will be able to evolve and save its admirers. Works Cited Easter, Makeda. “ At the World of Dance Competition, Swagger Matters Almost as Much as Spin Moves. ” Los Angeles Times . 2017. Web. Schaefer, Brian. “ In Jennifer Lopez’s ‘World of Dance,’ the Dancers Are the Stars. ” The New York Times. 2017. Web. Seidman, Carrie. “TV Review: Do We Really Need Another TV Dance Show?” Sarasota Herald. 2017. Web. World of Dance. “About Us.” World of Dance. 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Afghanistan and ABC Four Corners Program Essay How poor is Afghanistan, and why the country is poor? Afghanistan is an extremely poor country. Its GDP per capita was just $800 in 2009, and its purchasing power parity took 219th place in the world. Seventy-eight percent of employees in Afghanistan work in agriculture, six percent operate in the industry, and sixteen percent work in the service sector (Afghanistan par. 15). The country’s unemployment rate is approximately thirty-five percent. The most distinguishing feature of Afghanistan’s economy is an increase in the informal sector in recent years, in particular, in the manufacture of narcotics. The main source of income for a large part of the population remains agriculture. In this way, the causes of poverty in Afghanistan primarily stem from issues with the agricultural sector. In other words, an unfavorable climate, a shortage of appropriate irrigation infrastructure, inadequate land ownership, and a high rate of illiteracy in rural regions determine the income and consequently the standard of living for many Afghans (Rural Poverty Portal par. 14). Moreover, nutrition, health, education, and export levels are all relatively low. Although Afghanistan is rich in minerals, the country’s development has been limited due to its geographic location in mostly remote mountainous areas. ABC Four Corners program The program reflects the life of indigenous people of Western Australia, revealing the truth about their grinding poverty, high unemployment, and rampant rates of sexual abuse. However, the Australian government has tried to help them to some extent. For example, the Ranger program has installed resources such as offices, schools, and shops. Nevertheless, the community has so few jobs that it is almost impossible for young people to find work, which forces them to move to other places. Despite these difficult conditions, the community strives to survive; for example, they have implemented a new rule that prohibits any drugs or alcohol within the community to ensure a safe and healthy environment for their children. Another substantial issue is the potential inability of people to pay for their power supply, which might push them to close the community altogether and move to the nearest town. Prime Minister Tony Abbot has declared that “we can’t endlessly subsidize lifestyle choices” (Whitmont and Cohen par. 1). Finally, the community worries about the sexual abuse of children. There have been cases in which even 11-year-old girls were abused. Thus, I consider that the community has a future as it tries to develop and improve the situation. Works Cited Afghanistan . Encyclopedia.com 2012. Web. Rural Poverty Portal. n.d. Rural Poverty Portal . n.d. Web. Whitmont, Deb, and Janine Cohen. “ Remote Hope ” Four Corners . 2015. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Climate Change and Its Consequences for Oklahoma Essay Climate change is a topic that causes vibrant discussion in the international arena. This concept can be defined as a rise in the Earth’s temperature due to anthropogenic activity, resulting in alteration of usual weather in various parts of the planet (What Climate Change Means for Oklahoma 1). The primary causative factor of global warming is the substantial increase in carbon dioxide production by humans. During the last century, Oklahoma experienced a significant negative impact of climate change because the state’s soil became drier, and the number of rains rose (What Climate Change Means for Oklahoma 2). Hot summers and infertile lands may damage Oklahoma’s agriculture, causing food scarcity and high costs for consumers, like my family, but this harm can be minimized if we plant trees and reduce car travel. Global warming led to the poor condition of agricultural lands in Oklahoma. Indeed, increased rainfalls and high temperatures resulted in heavy evaporation from the soil, making it drier (Climate Change in Oklahoma 1). If this situation persists, land productivity on cattle ranches and farms will drop significantly. Therefore, the cost of various products may rise, affecting many low- and middle-income families. Since I am still in college, our family’s only source of income is provided by my father; hence, the price increase will damage our budget. Although our financial situation will not be the same in several decades, high air humidity can harm my health, exacerbating the asthma symptoms. People can introduce simple changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, our family can reduce car travel and walk if the distance is short. Furthermore, we can plant more trees in our neighborhood during weekends to diminish the negative influence of carbon dioxide production. Similarly, other people living in Oklahoma can engage in these practices to slow the progression of climate change. In summary, global warming caused a substantial alteration to Oklahoma’s climate, resulting in more rains but dry soil. Climate change can negatively affect the agricultural sector in the next several decades. Moreover, it may affect our family’s budget and exacerbate my asthma symptoms. However, this issue can be mitigated if people in Oklahoma will introduce some simple routines, like walking instead of driving and planting trees. Notably, all families should engage in these practices to maximize impact. Works Cited “Climate Change in Oklahoma.” SCIPP , 2013, Web. “What Climate Change Means for Oklahoma.” United States Environmental Protection Agency , Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Nuclear Plants in United Arab Emirates Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Nuclear Plants Construction 3. Reasons for Construction 4. Positive and Negative Effects of Nuclear Plant Construction 5. Environmental Policy 6. Personal Opinion about Nuclear Plants 7. References Introduction Nuclear plants are powerful sources of energy. Despite the danger, they pose and the cost of failure that the world has paid not once the world still continues to use atomic power. This year, UAE prepares to commission the first reactor of the Barakah nuclear power plant with the rest three being ready by 2020 (Langton, 2018). In light of this, it is paramount to review the details about the plant and assess its significance. Nuclear Plants Construction In 2009, Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (ENEC) issued a $20 billion grant to the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) that was chosen to construct a nuclear powerplant 50 kilometers west of Ruwais. The construction of the first reactor began in 2012 and initially was scheduled to end in 2017. However, there were allegations of the terrorist attack against a plant that was the reason for failing to meet the construction deadline (“Update 1-Yemen’s Houthi group says,” 2017). Presently, the first reactor is complete and now undergoes testing and accreditation. Reasons for Construction The reasons for construction are energy concerns. The newest pressurized water reactor is capable of producing a safe and stable flow of energy. As electricity demand steadily rises in UAE, new sources of power are required to satisfy them. In addition, UAE wants to decrease its dependence on oil and gas. Currently, nearly 100% of electricity is produced through the use of natural gas. Despite the fact that it is relatively cheap and non-damaging to the environment, its resources are limited, and a more sustainable solution is needed. A reactor that is currently being built in the UAE will supply 1400 MW of power for more than 60 years (World Nuclear Association, 2017). Positive and Negative Effects of Nuclear Plant Construction On the one hand, the construction of a nuclear reactor is a benefit. It will allow receiving lots of energy and start exporting natural gas rather than burning it. It will also increase the energy pool and will bring UAE closer to 100% sustainable energy use. On the other hand, nuclear energy is rather costly. Maintenance and supply of power elements are very expensive for the reactors of PWR type. In addition, PWRs are the old-generation design plants that do not allow converting it to a cheaper and reliable fast neutron reactor that is powered by cheaper and less enriched fuel. Environmental Policy Before commissioning, the plant or its reactors must be tested and acquire an operating license from the Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation (FANR). This organization assesses the environmental impact of the plant, its safety, and stability. UAE government exercises the policy aimed at establishing purely sustainable energy sources in order to adapt to the world beyond fossil fuel. As such, Barakah nuclear power plant is one of the achievements of the National Grid project aimed to reduce consumption of non-renewable energy. Personal Opinion about Nuclear Plants I admire the effort of using nuclear energy as it is one of the most reliable and powerful sources. Despite past and recent failures such as Chernobyl and Fukushima, the technology continues to advance and is already one of the safest and environmentally friendly electricity generators. I believe that in 2020, when the fourth reactor is commissioned, UAE and its strategic partners will realize the benefits of this technology and continue to further develop nuclear energy. References Langton, J. (2018). UAE’s first nuclear power plant marks ‘significant milestone’ in construction . The National . Web. Update 1-Yemen’s Houthi group says fires missile toward Abu Dhabi nuclear reactor . (2017). Reuters . Web. World Nuclear Association. (2017). Nuclear power in the United Arab Emirates . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Piedmont Media’s Algorithm Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Description of Piedmont Media’s Algorithm 3. Analysis & Critique 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction It is critical for every business to obtain success in its sphere. In the framework of cinematography, box office revenues determine the success of a movie and organizational performance in total. Trying to gain more, Hollywood studios conduct research studies to find out what their audience is willing to see. In order to streamline and enhance this process, Josh Lynn of Piedmont Media Research developed an algorithm that is likely to assist the professionals greatly. Description of Piedmont Media’s Algorithm Piedmont Media’s algorithm is targeted at film studios that produce numerous movies, such as those found in Hollywood. Its audience does not include the representatives of the general public because it focuses on financial predictions, in which people are mainly not interested. This algorithm provides an opportunity to predict the success of a film before it is screened. As a result, it gives a chance to develop appropriate promotion and advertising strategies that can attract more cinemagoers. Using a Piedmont Media’s algorithm, professionals can measure the “Consumer Engagement” score, which also allows them to define approximate box office revenue. The algorithm allows us to find out an element that worsens the film’s financial performance and generate resolutions to minimalize its effect. An overall “Consumer Engagement” score consists of two scores: the first score is obtained when the movie is run on its own and the second one when it is run along with the names of actors. The algorithm focuses on demographics to define people’s interests and see their feeling about what a movie is. Thus, professionals can define how to run a film to increase box office revenue. Analysis & Critique Piedmont Media’s algorithm does not really provide accurate predictions. “Consumer Engagement” score on which it is concentrated goes from 1 to 1,000 but rarely exceeds 500, which proves that the current scale is not adapted yet. In addition to that Piedmont’s algorithm does not provide clear predictions. For example, in “Podcast: The guy who predicts whether a movie will bomb, months before it’s made” it is stated that “anything scoring a 400 should open to about $90 million to $100 million and that anything scoring about a 300 will make $50 million to $60 million” (Avirgan, 2015, para 1). Still, the difference of $10 million is rather substantial and should not be ignored as well. In this framework Smith and Mahmood (2015) in “Big data, big problems?” underline that large amounts of information need to be initially gathered to obtain detailed objective results. However, in “Netflix’s secret special algorithm is a human”, Wu (2015) also states that the majority of these data can be ignored because only a few critical insights are enough for judgment. So even being not very accurate, Piedmont Media’s algorithm can provide enough information to define the most advantageous way to run a movie. The algorithm benefits its users allowing them to save the time needed for research and define the source of its success. Defining people’s interests without special tool requires much time and numerous surveys that should be repeated as a new movie comes out. Still, it is stated in “The Tyranny of Algorithms: A Future tense event recap” that algorithms can gather information about people’s interests using social media with minimal people’s interference (Bosch, 2015). In addition to that, according to “In defense of algorithms” even a poor developed algorithmic guidance is better than its absence when it comes to critical decision-making (Villasenor, 2015). The scale of scores in Piedmont Media’s algorithm should be fixed because the error deals with millions of dollars, but even in this way, it allows us to get an insight into people’s expectations and feelings. Conclusion Thus, Piedmont Media’s algorithm should gather more information and improve its scale for the “Consumer Engagement” score to provide more accurate results and prevent unexpected losses. Still, even in a current condition, it should be used by film studios to determine approximate revenue and find out whether the emphasis on the cast can attract more cinemagoers or it is better to focus on the very movie. References Avirgan, J. (2015). Podcast: The guy who predicts whether a movie will bomb, months before it’s made . Web. Bosch, T. (2015). The Tyranny of algorithms: A Future tense event recap. Web. Smith, C., & Mahmood, M. (2013). Big data, big problems? Web. Villasenor, J. (2015). In defense of algorithms . Web. Wu, T. (2015). Netflix’s secret special algorithm is a human . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Achievement of quality and reliable services is guided by key, salient points that include a democratic organization, creation of smallest units possible, training and retraining of the group, equality in al departments, delegation of authority, and an environment where delegation of tasks is exercised effectively. Following the six airline stagey, this industry has registered tremendous growth and profit following the differentiation of the airline industry. Pillay the SIA manager underscored that the sector fly the most advanced and best aircraft while the maintenance operations are among the best in the world (Harvard Business School, 1989). In respect to organization democracy, hiring of cabin crew and engineers is done from within and western countries. Therefore, all candidates who meet SIA selection criteria are hired and offered the necessary training skills without biases. SIA being a multiracial society, levels of democracies are acerbated through the high standards of performance and selection upheld by the industry. Cabin crews are hired from Chinese, Indian, Malay, and Eurasian communities; thus, embracing cultural traditions of service and hospitality. Creating an environment where delegated responsibility can be used effectively is a critical pillar in SIA policy framework. However, an article published in the Sunday times in 1981 indicated that a climate of hostility pervaded SIA. Passengers as policy of rating customers is free to interact with stewardess incase the stewardess turn down the request for dates with passengers she often receives negative compliments. Such negative feedbacks affect the stewardess’s reputation and are associated to a failed appraisal system. In an effort to address the issues, the management (senior or chief) embarked on a training check stewards allowing stewardess to appeal for questionable assessments. Delegation of responsibility was a point of concern to most cabin crews who were interviewed randomly. Since the crew cabin undergoes rigorous training that involve eight weeks of groundwork training and close supervision during flights, they should be free to interact with passengers. In an interview conducted in 1981 by an independent consultant with 20 flight stewardess and stewards, the findings indicated that cabin crews did not interact with passengers accordingly (Harvard Business School, 1989). Some crews acknowledged of having hard times and being anxious while dealing with passengers. This is a reflection of inadequate and effective training on communication aspects of the cabin crews. Some stewardess responded that they were afraid messing up their English as they engaged the passengers. It is the responsibility of the SIA personnel to establish smaller units that would equip cabin crews with knowledge on how to handle issues, in the course of their service. In a democratic organization such as SIA, the stewards have the rights to air their views and have their concerns addressed by appropriate departments. Some issues that were yet to be addressed include limitation of working as a team during flights and lack of information relating to visited places. Some changes I would incorporate would be on training and retraining objective and on establishing an environment where delegated responsibilities are executed effectively. New changes, in training, would focus on equipping stewardess with basic communication tips in foreign languages to enhance their interactions with passengers. Delegation of responsibilities would be structured in a manner that cabin crews have the rights to question managerial appraisal systems they deemed in appropriate and unfair. References Harvard Business School. (1989). Singapore Airline (B). Web. Harvard Business School. (1989). Singapore Airlines (A). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
New Spring Radio Commercial Report (Assessment) As the time of launching the radio commercial for the new spring line of rock climbing, mountain biking, white water river rafting, and kayaking equipment comes, there is a need to assess the popularity of the segment during which the advertisements will air. Careful investigation of the latest ratings of the segment for the commercial time slot in different categories of population will help to identify the strengths and drawbacks of the segment, determine how they can affect the efficaciousness of the advertisements, and suggest possible solutions that can eliminate the risks related to the identified drawbacks and make use of the identified strengths. You have requested me to check the ratings and analyze them as you are concerned with the reputation of the controversial radio host. I agree that the ratings are of vital importance for the success of the commercial, as they directly influence the number of the listeners able to hear it. Therefore, my primary duty is to suggest solutions that can neutralize the influence of possible negative tendencies in the segment’s popularity. The ratings for the chosen segment appear to be rather successful for over-65 demographic while other categories of the population do not demonstrate that much interest in it. As the ratings of elderly people are significantly higher than we have expected, it is important to make use of this positive factor. Choosing local spot radio advertising was a perfect choice as it reaches well-defined geographic audiences (O’Guinn, Allen, and Semenik 514). Radio advertisements contribute to creating the brand of the advertised product, and, therefore, it should be carefully planned (Ingram and Barber 59). The first aspect that should be considered is the length of the commercial. I propose to step outside the 15 to 30 seconds format and launch a 40-second advertisement, with 5-second echo later in the same break. Such echo serves as a short version and a reminder of the longer advertisement (Sell 11). Such strategy will help to captivate the attention of the listeners and make them remember the product. The next aspect that should be considered is the target audience of the advertisement. The analysis of the ratings shows that we should focus on the elderly group of the listeners. Though rock climbing, mountain biking, white water river rafting, and kayaking equipment seems to be not interesting for the older population at the first sight, we can make an unexpected success by advertising this equipment as a perfect present for the younger generation – the grandchildren and children of the elderly people who comprise our potential audience. Older people are always willing to please their dearest ones with sweet presents, but often have problems with identifying what is trendy and interesting for young people nowadays. In our advertisement, we will give the elderly listeners “specific action steps” for a happy shopping experience (Saracino par. 14). In such way, we will balance the needs and desires of our target audience with what we want to say about the products (Hertz 79). By naming the products that are interesting to the youth and then addressing the older people, we will provide an “unexpected” opening line that can grab the attention of the listeners (Pikington par. 7). We can also make use of every coming holiday to give the listeners the reason to buy the advertised products as they make perfect presents for any festival. All of the above-mentioned factors will contribute to the success of the commercials and attract the potential buyers. The strategy I described above will help to address those categories of potential buyers that are often left behind due to the fact that the elderly people are not interested in climbing, biking, or rafting equipment. We can attract older generations and establish long-term relations with them by promoting the reputation of “Total Outdoors” as one of the best providers of presents for younger members of their families. I will be glad to discuss these recommendations with you and follow through on any decisions you make. I am sure that proper analysis of the suggested strategy and combined effort put in designing the details of the commercial will help to find out the best solutions and ensure the success of the spring radio advertising campaign. Works Cited Hertz, Tony. The Seven Secrets of Creative Radio Advertising , Los Angeles, California: Panorama Press, Ltd., 2013. Print. Ingram, Andrew, and Mark Barber. An Advertiser’s Guide to Better Radio Advertising , Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005. Print. O’Guinn, Thomas, Chris Allen, and Richard Semenik. Advertising and Integrated Brand Promotion . 5th ed. 2008. South Melbourne, Victoria: South-Western Cengage Learning. Print. Pikington, Earl. 5 Radio Advertising Secrets – #1 Opening Lines . 2013. Web. Saracino, Linda. The Eight Secrets of Great Radio Ads . 2005. Web. Sell, David. How to Make Your Radio Advertising Work for You . 2011. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The influence of technology is both negative and/or positive; Quanterm Logistics on its part has developed new systems to facilitate international trade. Other than trade facilitation, there has an increase in the technological transfer where Quanterm Logistics services are contracted; when companies are transferring technology, software and hardware, the services of Quanterm Logistics are required, this has created a market to the company (Quanterm Logistics, 2011). On its part, Quanterm Logistics has embarked on technological advancement to ensure it can offer the best services to its customers. For example, it has introduced cargo-tracking systems where it can trace the direction of its tracks or other modes of transport. Other than the business line offered to the company; technological development has also posed some challenges to the company. This is mostly in electronic money transfer, mobile money transfer and internet fund transfers. This has resulted in reduced business. For example, Safaricom, a company owned by Vodacom and dominant in East African countries as mobile service provider invented mobile transfer service via the phone, in April 2010, the services were exported to Malaysia, China, and United Kingdom and are proving to be more efficient than Quanterm Logistics fund transfer services (Mun-Chow & Su-Fei, 2003) The improvement in technology has an impact on automobiles used by the company; there are fuel-efficient vehicles and there are moves to innovate electronic vehicles, the move is an advantage to Quanterm Logistics as it can reduce its operating expenses when it adopts the right technology. The development if communication technologies are offering a threat to some line of Quanterm Logistics business; this is so when it becomes to the line of letters and short messages; the messages where being sent using the company to different part but currently, a sender only needs to call, email or fax the message. From an indirect angle, the development of technology has facilitated the growth of international trade and improvement of international relations; when the relations and trade have been improved, and then there is an increased logistic business as different countries send parcels and business goods. The increase in international trade has lead to an increased shipping business (Bocij, 2005, p 34). Environmental factors Quanterm Logistics is affected by an increase in environmental conservation campaigns all over the world; it has to align its processes with the requirements of the practices if it has to be seen as an ethical business. Different countries are taking different measures to ensure that they protect their environment. International bodies are also playing an important part in ensuring that the different countries adopt different policies aimed at conserving the environment (Nersesian, 2000 p 23). On 11 December 1997, 37 industrialised countries and the European Union, signed the Kyoto protocol in Japan. The protocol was a target to have been fully implemented by 16 February 2005. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change developed it; there are other conventions like United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Secretariat of 1994, The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), The International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and The Regional and International Networking Group article on sustainable development. All the above international organisations advocate against any pollution of the environment; businesses are left with no option other than complying with the set rules (Melanie, 2001, p 67) International conventions and agreements target the major greenhouse emitters and developed measures to be implemented; Quanterm Logistics uses automobile that emits greenhouse gasses; nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide. To be compliant with the needs of the protocols, the company has to look in its processes (note the company being in the logistics business have to move to different countries with different environmental legislations). Of late in 2010, there were talks in Copenhagen aimed at devising measures to protect the environment. The talks failed as countries took strong stands against the recommended ways of conservation; though the talks failed, the effects that global warming is having on the universe are alarming and has made Malaysia develop environmental conservation policies (Melanie, 2001, p 89). Through the ministry of environment, Malaysia has embarked on campaigns that support environmental restoration, conservation and protection; the policies are affecting how businesses are operated. In the case of Quanterm Logistics, the company has to use environmentally friendly vehicles (green vehicles) and use environmentally friendly accessories like lapping papers, cartons and other packing materials. To buy the machines, vehicles and the inventories is a bit more expensive so the company has to dig deeper in its budget to maintain the business (Faulkner, 2011). Quanterm Logistics does not ignore environmental conservations. It protects the environment by adopting technological measures that reduce pollution. Right from its incorporation, it has continuously improved its process. These vehicles are highly fuel-efficient and emit minimal greenhouse gasses to the environment. The company whether in Malaysia or abroad recognises the need to conserve the environment. In the efforts of being ethical and wanting to maintain a good relationship with the people and the environment, Quanterm Logistics engages in corporate social responsibilities that conserve the environment like tree planting in Malaysia. Reference list Bocij P. 2005. Business Information Systems: Technology, Development and Management for the E-business . Harlow. Prentice Hall. Champy J. & Wang M. 2000. Accelerated Logistics: Streamlining the Army’s Supply Chain . Santa: Santa Monica. Faulkner A. 2011. Environmental Development in Malaysia . Web. Melanie A. 2001. Analysing the Organisational Environment . London: Select Knowledge Limited. Mun-Chow L. & Su-Fei Y. 2003. Technology Development In Malaysia And The Newly Industrializing Economies: A Comparative Analysis” . Web. Nersesian R.2000. Trends and Tools for Operations Management: An Updated Guide for Executives and Managers . Westport. Quorum Books. Quanterm Logistics. 2011. Quanterm Logistics. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Why Nuclear Energy is Not Good? Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Why nuclear energy is not best alternative 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Energy source that is being proposed and used by people in the public, one must always look at safety and economic use. This paper provide thesis argument: nuclear energy is not good. Why nuclear energy is not best alternative Making nuclear plant that would be good for replacing fossil fuels must require many nuclear plants which each need billion dollars. In the end this means the country would have to waste with so much money before it can remove the energy demand for the United States even as much as the fossil fuels (Mackenzie, 1977). Even the day and time needed to create a nuclear plant would be bog problem because one plant take about ten years in order to complete. Again even shutting a nuclear plant involves massive expensive because it must be decommissioned by a decommissioning authority. Even those who say net production is cost effective for unit of nuclear energy produced may not be saying the truth because most of these estimate forget that nuclear energy is recipient of many government subsidies. Most researches in renewable energy are done with help of government inventions and subsidies in it. If these are removed because they cannot be there in the future then cost of producing this power would be so high. Therefore, it would not be good idea to make large scale nuclear energy because it would be good to improve current energy sources in because of costs. Another problem and issue is environmental damage being taken by this source of electricity. Nuclear energy is bad for total of nuclear waste removed at time of production and this waste often radioactive (Diesendorf, 2007). It is because of these problem, factories must have system in place that allow disposals and this must be very expensive that make a number of them very much uneconomical. If they have not been in position to do so then the environment suffer through the emission of any kind of heat in waste or because radioactive emissions that be very harmful to the human body. Furthermore, even process of mining the material to begin with for nuclear energy production i.e. uranium mining would being radioactive dumps which being in some sort of negative cycles. One method used to remove of this kind of waste has been making of electricity during the use of heat from the waste. Here, people who support of nuclear energy say that natural gas can be generated through such method and this may therefore increase the convenience of the waste. But, major reason for take up nuclear energy is to protect the environment from carbon emissions. It would not be good to use clean energy to make dirty one (Lowe & Brook, 2010). Another method in getting rid these effects is US must build repository. Still, do not forget radioactive nature of the materials, there must be radioactive resistant material that you use so to prevent the spread of these radiations to outside world. Also, nuclear energy building factories are using too much of resource – they want too much of water in order to make cooling effect. Some plants like this one in Southern Australia consumers thirty million liters of water and plans in future for tripling this water. When economic activity bring to much of using of important natural resource like the water then it is environmental sustainability should always be wrong since it now competing with other kinds of uses that may be more important to the people (Bodansky, 2008). Last one; many nuclear firm will like to focus on high level of the waste like the one radioactive material from factory after completing the process but very small number of them will think on low level wastes like radiation clothing (that may been used so that it can cover workers not to get radioactive emissions), rags, syringes and other smaller produces of radioactive emissions that may not attract many attention from manufacturers but this still be a dangerous thing to the public. One other issue concerning nuclear energy is likely harm is may present to the public. Any employee who works at nuclear plant is risky always of being exposed to low level of radiations that may be responsible for many sick persons. Still, some disastrous events even occur especially around this form of energy. The most big case of them was the Chernobyl accident. Not just this, smaller accidents have occurred or will be going to occur in the everyday to day making nuclear energy. For example, in Minnesota, it was said contaminated equipment transported from another location, this could put many at big danger (Cooke, 2009). And this is not enough, any people who live near nuclear plants always put the other at problem of long term health effects. Those who work or live near the factories may be in danger to long term complications like cancer. Even though the chance of having affects by these issues may be highly small when safety measures and throwing away are obeyed, studies show serious problem there is still a danger of getting a health problem because of going near radioactive emissions or radioactive work. Conclusion These many risk of nuclear energy i.e. safety problem and around health of workers and residents, the building factories is not and environmental problems are many. Make this nuclear energy not a good and clean energy for the United States and world. References Mackenzie, J. (1977). The nuclear power controversy. Biology quarterly review, 52(4), 467 Cooke, S. (2009). A cautionary history on nuclear age. NY: Black inc Diesendorf, M. (2007). Greenhouse solutions and sustainable energy. NSW: New South Wales university press Lowe, I. & Brook, B. (2010). Why vs. Why: Nuclear power. Sydney: Pantera Press Bodansky, D. (2008). Environmental paradox of nuclear power. Environmental practice, 3(2), 86 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The information on the discussed website is devoted to the most common problems, and it is organized in a way that allows the users to find everything they need faster. What is more, the information presented touches upon the topics that are the most significant for parents: the stages of development of a child and signs that may indicate various problems related to the mental and physical health of the child. To continue, the website provides the users with information on a range of health services available in different parts of the United States. I suppose that this information can be important both for future specialists studying developmental psychology and for common people who would like to extend their knowledge in order to become more responsible when it comes to taking care of their children. As for students who are interested in developmental psychology, they can retrieve a lot of significant information on the stages of development of a child and disorders that may cause difficulties for children. Although there are no visual materials on the website, the information presented is still sensitive. As for strengths and limitations related to the discussed website, I suppose that the former is much more significant. To begin with, I suppose that the information is organized in a way that makes it easier to search for something specific. What is more, if we speak about the sections with information for parents, the actions that are to be taken in case of various disorders are described in detail. As for weaknesses, I believe that it would be better if different pictures and schemes were used. At the same time, I cannot consider it as a real weakness because this website fulfills its main function even without such materials. ThinkersBox ( http://www.thinkersbox.com ) There is a lot of important information presented on this website. In general, the website is devoted to special programs for children that are implemented in Singapore. Although this source focuses more on describing the services proposed by the specialists from this development center, there is also a lot of theoretical information in their blog. For instance, there are many posts about methods of education that were used in the past and the reasons why they cannot be regarded as effective. What is more, there are many materials devoted to problems of children with arrested development. The latter can be very helpful for the parents of such children who would like to understand the differences between their child and his or her peers. The website is also helpful for those parents who want to know whether they make certain mistakes while helping their children to develop essential skills. Also, it is necessary to notice that there are different types of content such as articles, videos, and images. I believe that this website can be useful for students who are interested in particular measures that can be taken in order to make the education process more interesting for children. I guess that this information can help future pediatric psychologists because it allows them to understand the nature and the reasons for the mistakes that parents make. Personally, I consider this website to be very good because the information presented is quite detailed, and almost all the articles contain a few images that help to understand the material better. At the same time, it can be said that the articles presented are not always easy to read because some of them just list separate facts, and it does not help to see the aggregate picture of the problem. Parents Action ( http://www.parentsaction.org ) The given website is devoted to the activity of this organization and its contribution to the development of newer methods helping children to learn new information and develop both physically and mentally. Besides the posts devoted to the findings of the researchers working for the organization, there are some booklets and other resources that can be downloaded from the site. According to the information presented, there are many opportunities for both companies and individuals to collaborate with the discussed organization. There are various services for different types of clients; for instance, the organization helps different companies to create campaigns in order to attract people’s attention to the problem of early development and proper measures that are to be taken by parents. I suppose that this information can be important for those studying developmental psychology because there are many sources located on the website that can help to extend the knowledge related to developmental problems. Furthermore, the information is presented in different languages, and this is why more people can use it. What is more important, the information can be used by parents who would like to know how to treat their newborn baby to prevent possible problems in the future. Users who visit this site in order to help their children are provided with helpful manuals for parents. As for the strengths and weaknesses of the website, I suppose that the latter is manifested in the fact that there are not too many publications and books. Although it is so because the organization was not established a long time ago, it may be quite a strong reason for some users to search for another website that presents more sources. At the same time, the website is clearly organized, and it makes it more convenient for users. Works Cited Child Development Web, 2016. ThinkersBox , 2013, Web. Parents Action , 2016, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
He was well educated and he studied with the famous rhetorician Gorgias and for ten years he wrote speeches used in law courts. At around 392 BC he started teaching as a sophist. Isocrates wrote Antidosis both as a defence and as an autobiography or as a rhetorical treatise at the late age of 82 years. The literal meaning of Antidosis is the exchange.Isocrates does this work in form of a court case where he has to defend himself against a case in which he is charged with corrupting the youth. This he does by teaching them the art and creativity of speech for the sole purpose of getting advantage over their peers. Though this work is presented as an imaginary legal defence but it employs the art of speech to treatise morality and social teachings. The accusations include that his teachings to the youth are for them to speak against the courts, think for themselves and receiving money from his students. However, Isocrates is teaching the youth speech so that they can grow into leaders and better citizens of the country. He is a lifelong teacher and categorically states that the education he offered Athens is more than any monetary donation he would offer them since he is producing educated and civic minded citizens. He devoted and sacrificed his life to provide adequate rhetorical education. The education system stressed by this man was the ability to make use of language for the purpose of addressing practical problems referring them as more philosophy than rhetorics.For students to learn, they needed training of knowledge which was provided by teachers and books; also important was natural aptitude which is actually inborn and practices which are applicable and designed by teachers. Conclusion Isocrates said that a Greek is that individual who shared their common culture. He was a proponent of multiculturalism who invited the barbarians and the Greek to become part of an ethnic group. He states in the Panegyricus that Athens, as a city has surpassed other men with its power of expression and wisdom such that the pupils it produces have grown into teachers of the world and the name of Hellene has moved from a mark of origin of race to that of intelligence. Works Cited Isocrates, Panathenaicus, tr. George Norlin 12-14 . | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Doping Characteristics of Gallium Nitride (GaN) Report Gallium Nitride, also referred to as GaN is a binary band gap semiconductor used in light-emitting diodes; the semiconductors have been in use since 1990. GaN is a hard compound that is said to have Wurtzite crystal structure. GaN has a wide band gap of 3.4 eV that accords it the most important properties to be used in an optoelectronic high frequency and high power conductors (Akasaki and Amano 9001). The semiconductors are mostly used to produce the violet color in the laser diodes used in nonlinear optical frequency amplifications. This paper considers the doping characteristic of the device and the advantages of using GaN over other semiconductors. Device structure including typical doping characteristics of the semiconductor layers Every device that uses GaN as a semiconductor needs to have a specific structure that maximizes use of band gap energies. The design of the device is done in a form that provides for diffusion in the emitter, is a quassi-neutral base with the doping densities in the emitter and the base. Using the first order calculations, electron mobility in the base of 100 cm 2 /V-s with a minority carrier life time in the base of 10 ns always shows that the current gain is limited by a base limitation of 128 (Akasaki and Amano 9001). In addition, efficiency of the device is calculated at 0.9997 confidence interval so as to avoid the devices effects of hole injection into the emitter. Having a high energy difference causes p-SiC to be highly doped and decreases the base resistance and the sensitivity to the early effects that does not affect the efficiency of the emitters. When GaN semiconductors are doped with p-SiC, it causes a higher advantage on the device than when GaN is used alone; p-SiC had a longer lifetime to conduct electricity. Material characteristics of GaN GaN is a very hard material that has a high heat capacity and thermal conductivity. This is coupled with having a wide band gap semiconductor that makes it most applicable in devices that are used in amplification of microwave energy (Terao et al. 195). To prevent cracking of silicon carbide or sapphire, GaN is used in a hundred percent pure state. It prevents cracking but the lattice constants who a certain degree of inconsistency. In addition to its characteristics, it can be doped with silicon or oxygen to form an n-type semiconductor; it can also be doped with magnesium to form a p-type semiconductor. The doping compound changes the process of growing GaN crystals, which introduces tensile stresses making them brittle. To obtain GaN’s high quality crystals, low temperature deposited buffer layers are used. Due to the high voltage breakdown resulting from the high electron mobility and the saturation velocity, it is the most effective tool to be used in amplification of microwaves (Terao et al. 195). It is mostly used in high-speed data emission devices such as wireless data emission systems. Advantages of GaN over other semiconductor materials such as GaAs (and explain how they improve the device performance) GaN has the lowest sensitivity to ionizing radiations compared to GaAs hence it can be used in satellites. The other advantage over GaAs and other semiconductors is that it can be used in very high voltages and temperatures, making it most applicable in amplification of microwave energy (Akasaki and Amano 9001). The specific advantages over other semiconductors have made the devices gain specific advantages; the devices have high dielectric strength, high current density and high temperature operation capacities. In addition, the devices have high-speed switching and on-resistance is considerably low (Terao et al. 195). Works Cited Akasaki, Isamu and Hiroshi Amano. “Breakthroughs in improving crystal quality of GaN and invention of the p–n junction blue-light-emitting diode.” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 27.9 (2006): 9001-9010. Print. Terao, Shinji, Motoaki Iwaya, Ryo Nakamura, Satoshi Kamiyama, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki. “Fracture of AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructure —compositional and impurity dependence.” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 40.1 (2001): 195-197. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Topic Defined and Thesis Statement Created 2. Outline/Roadmap 3. A list of possible interview sources 4. References Topic Defined and Thesis Statement Created Incidences of genocide have been witnessed in various parts of the world (Arabie, 2012). Contextually, this proposal discerns various aspects of Darfur Genocide. It commenced in February 2003 in Darfur region, Sudan. In this astounding incidence, several civilians were killed and numerous people were rendered homeless. This indicates the need to investigate extensively on this incidence despite the challenges. Evidently, Darfur genocide was a civil war where non-Arab Sudanese accused the then government of establishing and embracing inequality among the citizens (Levy, 2009). The Sudanese Arabs were favored by the government more than their fellow non-Arabs (Collins, 2008). This created a critical controversy amid the concerned parties leading to eruption of various conflicts in the area. It is crucial to research and understand why the war started. Additionally, it is important to unveil the underlying issues behind the whole phenomenon and how normalcy was restored in the area (Kiernan, 2007). This forms the critical mandate of this research as indicated earlier. Genocide incidences have been condemned internationally despite their enduring occurrences. It is against the human rights provisions stipulated by the international community. This research intends to unveil what really happened in the Darfur Genocide. It is crucial to agree that various issues led to the development of Darfur Genocide in 2003; nonetheless, understanding deeply on the matter is critical. Evidently, this topic is interesting since it provides considerable provisions of the mentioned genocide. The incidences that occurred were astonishing. Besides, numerous lessons can be learned from the entire incidence (Jewish Wold Watch, 2012). This creates a substantial factor in the realms of Darfur Genocide. Historically, Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) as well as Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) staged a coup against the then Sudanese government to fight for equality (Steidle & Wallace, 2007). Consequently, the concerned civil war created various instabilities in the Darfur region. As indicated earlier, researching extensively on this topic will uncover various facts that characterized the menace. Outline/Roadmap This research will follow precise and considerable steps so as to enhance its execution in the realms of data collection, analysis, and presentation among other considerable steps. Firstly, the research will require a credible design (research design) meant to create and unveil a precise roadmap on how the entire study will be executed (Grzyb, 2009). This will incorporate creation of a research problem, thesis development, literature review, and other considerable research provisions. The next step will be the development of research methodology. Research methodology contains research methods at every step. For example, the data collection stage will employ viable methods to ensure that the collected data are practical and contains the required research provisions. This is a vital provision when considered critically (Kane, 2006). Precisely, this research will involve problem development, research design, data collection, data compilation, data analysis, conclusion, and presentation of results to the concerned audience. It is important to understand various aspects of research methodology so as to provide a credible research roadmap. This is a vital consideration in regard to research execution. A list of possible interview sources Evidently, data collection in this research will incorporate structured interviews (interviewing relevant research groups). Concurrently, it will incorporate distribution of questionnaires, and secondary data analysis from viable sources. Precisely, at least one interview will be executed for the development of the forthcoming dissertation. Additionally, utilizing other sources of data will help in this research. References Arabie, B. (2012). Darfur-road to genocide: Road to genocide . London: Authorhouse. Collins, R. (2008). SUDAN: Darfur’s sorrow: A history of destruction and genocide. The Middle East Journal, 62 (1), 166-166. Grzyb, A. (2009). The world and Darfur: International response to crimes against humanity in western Sudan . London: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Jewish Wold Watch. (2012). Darfur Genocide . Web. Kane, O. (2006). Darfur: The ambiguous genocide. Political Science Quarterly, 121 (2), 322-323. Kiernan, B. (2007). Blood and soil: A world history of genocide and extermination from Sparta to Darfur . New Haven, CA: Yale University Press. Levy, J. (2009). Genocide in Darfur . New York, NY: Rosen Pub. Steidle, B. & Wallace, G. (2007). The devil came on horseback: Bearing witness to the genocide in Darfur . New York, NY: Public Affairs. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Intelligent Input/Output Technologies Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Background Work 2. Comparison 3. Conclusion and Future Research Direction 4. Works Cited Intelligent input/output (I2O) is the title of specific hardware architecture developed and popularized by the Intel Company. This technology increases the power and performance of computer cores by reducing the amount of energy processed by the system’s CPU. The following paper is intended to describe and discuss how I2O works and how it influences other related hardware processes. Background Work As it is mentioned above, the concept of I2O hardware architecture was developed by the Intel Corporation. It makes the work of computers faster due to the increase of processor performance. Such a model is possible when various interrupt-intensive programs’ burden on a CPU is reduced to its possible minimum (Bradley et al. 3). Moreover, I2O also optimizes system drivers installed on a limited number of operating systems to increase the machine’s potential. It would be proper to mention that I2O can only be used with the products of Intel because its system is not developed for CPUs released by other manufacturers. It is possible to make any computer faster by approximately thirty percent more than its maximum power allows, which is depicted in the diagram above. As it is mentioned before, I2O also standardizes some drivers that have to be divided into two separate components listed below: * HDM (hardware device module). Its purpose is to interface with a certain peripheral device recognized by a computer. * OSM (operating system service module). This component must interface with a specific operating system (Windows, Linux, NetWare and so on) installed on a scanned hard drive. Moreover, I2O creates a particular layer between the two modules mentioned above. Such a function optimizes the work of the entire machine by considering all its elements (“Intelligent Input/Output (I2O)”). After analyzing various pieces of hardware and software registered on a hard disk, the system generates the most beneficial proportions of these elements’ performance and load, which allows users to experience the most of their computers’ potential. Comparison This section is intended to compare the most significant advantages and disadvantages of I2O techniques. Advantages Disadvantages Increase in computer performance. Works only with a limited number of operational systems. Optimization of both hardware and software (Lawton 17). Does not work with other processors than the ones released by the Intel organization. Relieving the burden on CPU. Computers last longer and remain more powerful than regular machines. The price of Intel processors with the integrated I2O is higher than regular products of the same power on the market. There is no possibility of various computer components’ deterioration. The entire project is claimed to be a failure by its developers because it did not gain much popularity all over the world. Conclusion and Future Research Direction I2O is a hardware architecture that can operate only with computer processors released by the Intel Company. The implementation of this method ensures additional performance by reducing the software burden on the element of CPU. However, the project failed because it was expensive and did not work with other manufacturers’ hardware products. For the further research, it would be proper to test the discussed model with the processors of tablets, telephones, gaming consoles, and other portative devices. Perhaps, customers might pay an extra price for compact additional power to their electronic gadgets. Works Cited Bradley, Mark, et al. “Intelligent Input/Output Target Device Communication and Exception Handling.” US Patent 9,094,802. 2001. “Intelligent Input/Output (I2O).” The Network Encyclopedia , 2013, Web. Lawton, George. “New I/O Technologies Seek to End Bottlenecks.” Computer , vol. 34, no. 6, 2001, pp. 16–18. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Hume Concept of Self: Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Work Cited Introduction The concept of self has been defined differently by different scholars of philosophy and psychology. One of the scholars who have attempted to define the concept is the renowned Philosopher David Hume. In his book titled “A Treatise of Human Nature”, he puts forth the argument that the self is nothing but a bundle of perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity. He goes ahead to argue that despite the fact that the self is composed of different perceptions which succeed each other, we always ascribe our identity to those perceptions (Hume 250). This assignment is about what Hume means by the statement that the self is “nothing but a bundle of perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity” as well as how he explains how we ascribe our identity to the different and successive perceptions. Hume Concept of Self: Discussion The statement made by Hume that the self is nothing but a bundle of perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity has the meaning that what we refer to as self is just a succession of perceptions. Hume argues that we keep on perceiving different things using our senses. These perceptions are distinct and actually form separate identities. But since we keep on perceiving, the collection of the perceptions which succeed each other can be used to define the “self” (Hume 253). To put it another way, when we do not perceive, we are either asleep or dead and the self is not present. Although the perceptions are different, they are united by their qualities which give us our identity. He uses the example of a river, which retains its nature and identity despite the fact that a lot of change keeps on taking place in the river every, and it is therefore these changes which keep happening in the river which gives the river its identity (Hume 255). He also relates the concept of the self to a Republic, which is occupied by different people at different times and governed by laws which keep on changing, but the Republic remains the same and retains its identity. This is how Hume explains how we ascribe our identity to these different and successive perceptions. His explanation is that we ascribe our identity to those perceptions simply because we always perceive and when we do not, we cease to exist and the self is therefore lost. He also argues that the mind is like a theatre, in which various perceptions “successfully make their appearance, pass, re-pass, glide away and mingle in an infinite variety of postures and situations”, which according to him, gives us our identity (Hume 259). David Hume was successful in demonstrating that the self is nothing but successive perceptions. This is because he was able to demonstrate that we perceive throughout our lives. The fact that we are dominated by perceptions, which alternate and replace each other depending on time and space and also the fact that the mind is like a theatre for different perceptions makes Hume’s argument not only valid and logical but also philosophical. Conclusion The concept of self has been defined differently by different Philosophers and Psychologists. David Hume gave his account of the self by arguing that the self is a bundle of perceptions which succeed each other to give us our identity. He argued that the different perceptions enable the self to exist and when people stop perceiving, the self is lost. Hume was successful in explaining the concept of self because he successfully demonstrated that different perceptions dominate our minds and it is this dominance which gives us our identity. Work Cited Hume David. A Treatise of Human Nature . Oxford university press: Oxford OX2 6DP, 1978.250-259. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Behavioral Styles of the Group Essay The behavioral styles of the group were identified to be almost equally divided between dominant and interactive styles. Forming a team, such synergy might prove to be beneficial in several ways. Pamela’s behavioral style, just as mine, is interactive, which is related to the domain of the assessment. The focus on people can be seen as the main characteristic of such a behavioral style. If comparing the I-Interactive style to the D-dominant style, which is exhibited by Melissa, Kristen, and Monique, it can be stated that both styles can be characterized by a high decision-making process, with corresponding higher risks. The difference is in the main focus of the person, either the task, for the dominant style, or the people, exhibited by interactive style. Nevertheless, such contrast can be compatible, unlike what it appears to be. Certainly, the most compatible combination are of similar behavioral style, and thus, it can be predicted that the interaction between Melissa, Kristen, and Monique, the interaction might be harmonious, although, their competitiveness might not result in the social compatibility between interactive style exhibited by me and Pamela. Such a bond is deemed as the least productive as well. Thus, The formation of the team will be based on the common focus and the utilization of the strengths of each other to avoid the weaknesses. Both Dominant and Interactive styles share an outward focus, and similar interests, which can be used as an agreement in the team in the team. The weaknesses, on the other hand, can be seen through that both styles love to delegate. One characteristic increasing the compatibility of the team is the fact that my predominant substyle is appraiser, which is characteristic of competitiveness, and persuasiveness – qualities that can be helpful for teamwork tasks. Thus, if describing the interaction between the team members in one sentence, it can be stated that the members with the dominant style will make sure decisions will be made, while those with interactive style will make sure that such decisions will be made collectively by all team members. References Wenschlag, R. (2009). Roger E. Wenschlag’s we hug in the hallways here: discover careers that fit your style. Edina, MN: Beavers Pond Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Essay Ethics is a field of socio-philosophical research, within which morality is studied, expressing a particular sphere of supra-biological regulation of relations between people and the highest values and ideals of duty associated with it. Various ethical theories, including African, Native American, and Asian, have many propositions about human nature and ethics. While it is vital to remember that individual cultures have ethical concepts, there is a significant similarity between different traditions in that the ethical person is inherently humane. Confucianism originated in ancient China and is a holistic ethical and religious doctrine in which the issues of the moral nature of humans, family life, and government were central. Tivald (2018) notes that the main idea of Confucianism is the inviolability of the orders established by heaven in the Celestial Empire. The ethics of Confucianism proclaims the supremacy of good over evil, the peculiar moral law of which is humanity, philanthropy, humanity, reverence for relatives and elders, courtesy, and devotion to the state. Another of the most striking theories and cultural ethics is ubuntu. Ogude (2019) defines ubuntu as African ethics, which is understood not as a set of ethical orientations passed down from generation to generation, constantly developing adequately to the development of the human community. In ubuntu philosophy, the fundamental element of ethical orientations is considered a sense of community, which determines all aspects of the life of a traditional society. The main principles of Ubuntu ethics are humanity, the unity of people regardless of race, religion, and ethnicity, compassion, responsibility, orientation towards the public good, conscientiousness, and the ability to admit guilt. In turn, Native American philosophies are many and varied, though they share some appreciable commonalities. The indigenous peoples of the North American continent have long ethical traditions dating back thousands of years. Welch (2019) asserts that a critical pillar of Native American ethics is respect for others, especially elders. People are expected to honor and care for their elders and each other. Thus, the basic principle of all the above ethical theories is respect for others and humanity. The concept of humanity and humanism is based on the idea of human nature, to which all people belong. According to Human Nature (2021), this concept was a premise of Buddhism and Judeo-Christian thought. Within Buddhism, an existentialist and anthropological description of humans was created and the understanding that the same mental laws are valid for all people because the human condition is the same for everyone. In turn, the Judeo-Christian tradition, being conceptualized to the supreme creator and ruler – God, defined humans differently. One man and one woman are the ancestors of the whole human race, and these ancestors, like all subsequent generations, are created in the image and likeness of God. They all have the same basic features that make them human and allow them to know and love each other. This is the prerequisite for the prophetic coming of the Messiah, proclaiming the peaceful unity of all humanity. At present, the idea of human nature, or the essence of man, has fallen into disrepute, in part because there has been growing skepticism about metaphysical and abstract concepts as the essence of humans. Moreover, this is because nowadays, the experience of humanity, on which Buddhist, Judeo-Christian, Spinoza, and Enlightenment concepts are based, has been lost. According to Human Nature (2021), contemporary psychologists and sociologists view the individual as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. Although they do not deny the exclusivity of man, they hardly agree with any content and essence of this concept of humanity. In contrast, Marx and Freud assumed that human behavior is quite comprehensible because it is the behavior of a species that can be defined as a psychological and mental character. Marx, admitting the existence of human nature, did not share the general misconception about its particular manifestations. In this regard, the value of ethics and the concept of an ethical personality is being updated. At first glance, it might seem that being ethical means being polite, kind, and respectful. However, this wording reflects the narrowness of the spiritual and moral horizons of the individual, which forms the philistine idea of ethics in the minds of people and, as a result, in society itself. To determine an ethical person, it is necessary to understand that ethics is primarily related to relationships between people and the duties arising from these relationships. Thus, developing this idea, it can be assumed that ethical person is not a output of a worthy upbringing. Ethical personality is a conscious person who, in addition to the standard set of self-regulation rules invested in childhood, also uses constantly replenishing and renewing stock of moral values. Otherwise, the observance of any moral and ethical prescriptions that have lost relevance does not make sense and, most importantly, values. Therefore, an ethical personality is a person who can transform the life experience gained into individual, spiritual and moral commandments, the concept of which is based on delivering good to society, that is, humanity. These commandments further form the personal moral framework, which will influence the behavior of a person both inside and outside the social group. Moreover, this is confirmed by ethical theories, including African, Native American, and Asian ones, whose fundamental principle is humanity. References Human Nature. (2021). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy . Web. Ogude, J. (2019). Ubuntu and the reconstitution of community. Indiana University Press. Tivald, J. (2018). Confucianism and neo-confucianism. In N.E. Snow (Ed. ), The Oxford handbook of virtue (pp.171-189). Oxford University Press. Welch S. (2019). Native American epistemology. In S. Welch (Ed. ), The phenomenology of a performative knowledge system. Palgrave Macmillan. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Innovation can mean a particular direction of development, a strategy, or a challenge. For example, if a new device is invented, it is an innovation. But producing the device, as well as its marketing and service, may require changes in manufacturing technology and corporate structure, which become part of the innovation process as well. At the same time, a competing company faces the need to invent and bring to market a new device to compete with the first company’s product. For the second company, innovation becomes a primary goal. To understand the concept of innovation, it is necessary to define it, explain its importance, and analyze the challenges it presents. In general, innovation is simply a new way of doing something. The concept is associated with finding new, original solutions for existing or arising issues. In today’s constantly and rapidly changing world, innovation is often seen as a prerequisite for success. In many different areas of life, old goals quickly become unattainable through the same old operation, and new goals appear. New approaches, strategies, ideas, and inventions are all examples of innovation. Innovation can apply to all stages of problem-solving, from planning and preparation to evaluation. One of the most distinctive features of innovation in the modern world is the necessity for speed: everything is sought to be done faster. For example, Taco Bell continuously comes up with solutions to make its services, from ordering to delivery, faster and more efficient (Safian, 2016). Another example is corporate innovation, which typically deals with workforce and workload optimization. The general trend is to reduce the time that employees spend in the office and to provide opportunities for more flexible, self-arranged schedules, guaranteeing full-time privileges and a high salary (Lindzon, 2016). It is seen as “a symptom of the disappearance of stable, full-time employment” (Lindzon, 2016, para. 11) and demonstrates the necessity of innovative solutions to redefine the very concept of labor. The importance of innovation is evident given the constant changes in demand, conditions, and competition. Although the word “innovation” has rather a positive connotation, researchers within recent years have often raised an important question: “Is innovation always good?” (Fagerberg, Martin, & Andersen, 2013, p. 9). Analysis suggests that sometimes innovative practices benefit a small group at the expense of larger groups. To prevent these negative effects, researchers emphasize the importance of planning and predicting consequences, which is a matter of effort in “policy and scholarly work, namely how to design mechanisms—or selection environments—that prevent such socially destructive innovations from spreading” (Fagerberg et al., 2013, p. 10). However, innovation is primarily seen as the right direction for development. Based on a survey, Urbancová (2013) concludes that “organisations find it important to innovate and support an innovative culture” (p. 82). The main incentive for innovation here is striving to stay competitive in their sphere. Besides advantages in competition, there are two other major aspects of innovation that are widely recognized as positive (Fagerberg et al., 2013). First, innovation is linked to learning, which means that it involves accepting new challenges by constantly improving methods and preparation. Second, although there is a widespread assumption that only advanced systems can or should innovate, research has shown that less developed systems (e.g. developing countries) can benefit from innovative solutions as well. However, innovations are often challenging in terms of implementation. The more complicated and less flexible a system is, the harder it is to introduce new features or mechanisms. In a survey of over 500 executives in the United States, more than half of them reported having experienced a poor innovation experience previously (Kuratko, Covin, & Hornsby, 2014). Corporate innovations, even if well planned, may fail due to inadequate implementation. In fact, the implementation stage is the one most likely to cause complications because systems normally resist being reformed. Kuratko et al. (2014) point out four major steps for any successful innovative process: realizing what kind of innovation is necessary, coordinating efforts of managers, supervising the process, and training employees. Another issue that an innovating organization faces is the extent to which innovation can be applied. Studies in the area of so-called radical innovation barriers have provided rather limited data and conclusions so far (Sandberg & Aarikka-Stenroos, 2014). However, one key finding is that these barriers do not depend on the degree of novelty of the innovation itself, but rather they “vary according to the characteristics of firms, markets, and along the innovation process” (Sandberg & Aarikka-Stenroos, 2014, p. 1293). Nonetheless, many organizations adopt innovations in spite of the challenges. In virtually any area of activity, there are two different approaches to challenges: relying on proven methods or introducing new ones. The latter is clearly associated with difficulties. Giving up old policies and practices that are known to work for new ones that often lack clear data in terms of results is risky and, in fact, often leads to failure. However, many organizations and leaders prefer to innovate and support innovations. This preference can be explained by the fact that most advanced sectors of the modern economy revolve around new ideas, and constantly producing new ideas is often viewed as the wisest business strategy. References Fagerberg, J., Martin, B. R., & Andersen, E. S. (2013). Innovation studies: evolution and future challenges . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kuratko, D. F., Covin, J. G., & Hornsby, J. S. (2014). Why implementing corporate innovation is so difficult. Business Horizons, 57 (5), 647-655. Lindzon, J. (2016). You Don’t Need To Be In Tech To Find High-Paying Part-Time Jobs . Web. Safian, R. (2016). 15 Lessons Of Innovation For 2016 . Web. Sandberg, B., & Aarikka-Stenroos, L. (2014). What makes it so difficult? A systematic review on barriers to radical innovation. Industrial Marketing Management, 43 (8), 1293-1305. Urbancová, H. (2013). Competitive advantage achievement through innovation and knowledge. Journal of Competitiveness, 5 (1), 82-96. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The opportunities are based on the contribution of knowledge and acquisition of unique set of skills that the new setting will provide but also, on the changes that can be implemented on social and individual levels. The problem of the cultural difference is one of the major ones, as the person has to learn the traditions of intricate beliefs of the society. Usually, people are involved within the norms from very young age and are able to learn and absorb the rules and regularities of society over a long amount of time. The fact that an employee from another part of the world has little time to study the unique culture creates a stress and constraints on the abilities to get familiarized with the society. The expectations are on the highest level, as the person invited is considered knowledgeable and of high professionalism, as to conduct own mastery and management in the new setting. The process of increasing the company’s productivity and the development of the personal skills of employees is the goal of every superior and so, a close understanding on the organizational level is needed for success. The opportunity to increase personal knowledge of the culture and understanding of the company politics creates an advantage for an international employee. The set up of new and more advanced techniques and process will ensure the prosperity and positive direction of the business. The qualifications of a person coming abroad are very important for the way they will adopt to the new culture and vice versa. The employee must be very flexible in the transition, as to make it unnoticeable for the employees and other managers of the company. The local representatives, as well as customs and governments must be consulted, so that no ethically disrespectful behaviors are exhibited. The employee and the company, including the social setting, must function as a unit, so that there are no disturbances in the normal activities of the worker’s and company’s work. An intellectual and responsible approach must be used by the employee, so that the trust and understanding of the new company is gained. The social customs, traditions, religious values, business standards and other experiences must be analyzed in precision, in order to avoid any missing links and details. Also, the political and economical qualities of the nation or country must be studied, so that business technique and general morale of the country are well known and are used to an advantage. If a business functions on an international level, the policies and procedures according to other countries must be studied as well. This creates an environment filled with learning and pressure, and the employee must be able to withstand the stress. Not only must the culture of one country and people be learned but also a number of different world views and norms. So, the employee must have great attention to details and an ability to correctly interpret and use the information received. The overall qualities are related to hard work, determination and respect towards the people and the country (Plessis, 2010). Reference Plessis, A. (2010). International human resource management: An overview of its effect on managers in global organisations. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, 2 (4), 178-182. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Age Discrimination at the Workplace Essay Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Legal Implications 3. Forms of Age Discrimination 4. Preventing Age Discrimination 5. References Background Age discrimination occurs when an employee is discriminated against on grounds of age. In theory, the term can refer to any age group, however, the group that is most commonly discriminated because of their age is that aged 40 years and above. Employee age groups are divided into three: * The youth; * Those aged 40 years or more; and * The elderly. Many organizations simply refuse to hire persons who have passed a certain age despite the growing lifespans of the general population (Doyle, 2011). Some employees practice age discrimination as they believe that younger people are more energetic and give the organization a positive image and that older employees lack the experience required to meet job expectations, other real concerns like laws that give older workers higher pay or other benefits also come into play. Besides, it is common knowledge that younger employees cost the company less with regards to salaries, insurance costs, and pension benefits. Although it is illegal to discriminate a person at the workplace because of age, the practice is not so easy to identify, and preventing it is even harder (Devine, 2011). Legal Implications It is illegal to discriminate a worker simply because of his/her age: the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) is a regulation that protects persons aged 40 years or more from discrimination because of age (HR Hero, 2011). An employee who is discriminated against may file his case under the ADEA legislation (EEOC, N.d). Another legislation, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990 (OWBPA) particularly forbids organizations from denying benefits to workers aged 40 years and above, including retirement benefits. While an older worker is also protected by other workplace legislations, the ADEA and OWBPA are the main laws that protect workers against age discrimination (Workplace Fairness, 2011). The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces both of these legislations. Forms of Age Discrimination The ADEA legislation states that no organization can take action against a worker for questioning organizational practices that seem to tolerate age discrimination. Besides, a company may not include age preferences, restrictions, or requirements in job adverts. An exception occurs when the company can prove that age is important in carrying out of one’s duties. Most instances of age discrimination normally occur during recruitment procedures although others occur in form of unfair dismissals, promotions, job appraisals, training programs, and age-biased comments, among others (Directgov. 2011). Preventing Age Discrimination The first step to preventing age discrimination in a company is for the management to understand the meaning of age discrimination and its effects on the company. This demands the adoption of sound policies against this vice. The policy should be clear on how to report age discrimination, investigation, and the penalties. The organization must take serious measures on all complaints. Besides, the organization must monitor the workplace routinely and to talk freely to workers in order to identify any potential problems not necessarily related to age discrimination. Other effective ways of preventing age discrimination include appraisal of the company’s culture, preventive training, amendment of recruitment procedures, cautiously prepared benefits and retirement guidelines, and an improved commitment to present a work environment that caters for all age groups (Epson, 2011). Training sessions and peer reinforcement can also help in preventing age discrimination. References Devine, J. (2011). Age Discrimination in the Workplace . Web. Directgov. (2011). Age Discrimination. Web. Doyle, A. (2011). Age Discrimination: How Old is Too Old ? Web. Epson. (2011). Avoid Age Discrimination in the Workplace. Web. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). (N. d). Age Discrimination . Web. HR Hero. (2011). Age Discrimination in the Workplace. Web. Workplace Fairness. (2011). Age Discrimination . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Police Work in Community Essay Every community in the world has its unique makeup and environment. An article titled “Neighborhood Organizations and Resident Assistance to Police” talks about the ways local communities can participate in high goals and prosperous future within policing. People’s traditions and beliefs center on bettering the lives of the local residences, as well as their own. It is clear that social health can be on the rise and expected to grow further in cooperation with aw authorities. There are several factors that relate to the status of policing and its effectiveness. This is a clear indication that people pay great attention to health issues and are focused on bettering the health of the community. The police have taken extra care and effort to increase the vigilance and the enforcement of laws. As mentioned above, safety in the community is very important for people. Another benefit to the community is the publication of articles such as this, as people become aware of the help and safety that the policy provides. I agree with the article because the community is inseparable from police work. People’s willingness to cooperate shows that the public is determined to keep order focused on helping and supporting each other. The article also mentions several patterns that the police effectively. Community programs and people’s cooperation is a fact, and it is greatly needed by those who enforce the law. As police officers are the most direct and hands on the force that deals with the public, they are the ones who are being heavily educated on the issue. It is clear that training must be vigorous. I think that the police must be the most responsible because of the power they have supersedes all. The article fails to mention the specifics of police work, and the significance of obedience of the police officers (Hawdon & Ryan, 2011). It is also clear that the process of recruitment and the selection of personnel have to be very strict and detailed. There are several strategies that the departments must use in the recruitment and implementation of new officers into the force. One of them is community familiarization, where officers would visit local community centers, schools, employment workshops, and other institutions. The new officers must themselves visible and let the public get to know them. Often, police departments will look for candidates from the community, which helps to make a connection with the public. Women and minorities must also be preferred on the force, as it makes it easier for them to conduct searches, as well as talk to the suspects of the same gender or race. A psychologists’ team must conduct several interviews with the potential officers to establish the nature of their views and predisposition towards law and crime. A major component in the prevention of crime is the incorporation of special courses into the training of new cadets. This must be made mandatory, and the lectures should be given in a clear-cut and easy to comprehend manner. After graduating from the academy, the cadets have to work veteran officer or a supervisor who will guide them the first part of the way because the field work is much different from theory (Joyce, 2010). Overall, the article was educational, but some specifics and procedures of the real police work were not specified. As policing is very isolated and sometimes an officer works alone, without a partner, the work must be greatly respected and aligned with the community. A careful examination and correlation between the incidents and arrests must be taken under attention so that a concrete way to establish the law and truth is created. References Hawdon, J. & Ryan, J. (2011). Neighborhood Organizations and Resident Assistance to Police. Sociological Forum , 26(4), 897-920. Joyce, P (2010). Policing: Development and Contemporary Practice . Thousand Oaks: SAGE. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Principle of Observation Problem Solution Essay The principle of observation can be defined as the art of passing knowledge or ideas by viewing the actions of a model from which one imitates (Bandura, 1962). This method of learning is also referred to as the social learning theory. Observational learning is very effective to all humans regardless of their age. Children for instance, are socialized into their personality through imitating their parents’ or other siblings’ actions. They learn the basics in life to the very complex of actions. In work places on the other hand, the same technique is often utilized during trainings. For instance, new members of staff learn a lot more through observation than is the case with learning through reading or other learning methods. A recruit could be assigned a workmate who has more experience in that particular field, and is expected to acquire skills. The first proponent of this principle of observation learning was Albert Bandura, who was a Canadian by nationality. Bandura (1977) has it that “Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.” (p22). Observation learning engages four main ideas for it to be most effective. These ideas include; attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. A learner ought to engage all of his/her undivided attention to the process of observation. This ensures every detail of the actions is well captured for imitation to be successful. Once the action is done, the learner should retain a clear mental image of the details in the act. This mental image should aid the learner to reproduce the action along with all its complexity. All in all, it would be difficult for a learner to appreciate a certain action which he/she has no interest in. Therefore, there should be some source of motivation to build up his/her interest level. For example, a promotion would work well at the work place (1962). The following is a description of the structure to put in place for employees to appreciate putting away or leaving work materials/ equipment in the best condition for another person to use. First and fore most, call an early morning meeting to bring to the employees’ attention the tendency to leave equipments in bad states has been noted. Show them evidences of what you are talking about, for example dirty tools, broken down equipments etc. Let them know the problem associated with the condition of the equipments, like wastage of time in trying to clear previous day’s messes. Secondly, provide solutions to the problem. This can be done by providing ideas on the easiest and most effective ways of cleaning the equipment in the case of dirty tools. Incase of equipments, show easy ways of maintenance or way to prevent damage while using the equipment. Ensure that you demonstrate each detail by action to show them that what they might have perceived as impossible is actually possible. Also, ensure that they do it themselves so as to retain the concept in their minds. Appoint some of the employees to ensure that this becomes a daily routine along with normal practices of the organization. This ensures that this becomes the responsibility of each worker to see to it that he/she returns equipment in a better condition than he/she found it. Moreover, ensure that once in a while equipments are inspected by those in authority. This should see to it that employees avoid misusing equipment as there are charges incase of a damage associated to maliciousness. Last but not least, it is important to motivate the workers towards good equipment maintenance practices. Motivation could come through promoting those that adhere to the new rules of engagement, or just by complementing the workers efforts. Alternatively, workers could be charged for any losses to the organization as a result of misuse or mismanagement of equipment. Observation learning has quite a number of strengths, especially due to the fact that it is responsible for socializing children to have a personality. This method covers quite a number of explanations which would otherwise take a lot of effort to put across by text. The method uses more than one mode of learning. It addresses the issue at hand from a wide range of perceptions since it involves all the five senses. Thus, it is easier for a learner to capture an idea hence less effort for the teacher (Akers, 1977). Further, observation learning is effective because making the learner motivated simply comes by complementing his/ her efforts to imitate the master model. Sooner rather than later, the learner develops a high degree of expertise that he/she no longer requires to observe his/her master. He/she becomes a force to recon. Besides text, other resources on observational learning include images on power point presentations. This could be used to explain details besides what is written. Also, the teacher could use models, which could be experts in particular fields. Their time and effort are resources. Reference List Akers, R. (1977). Deviant Behavior: A Social Learning Approach . Belmont Mass, Wadsworth: NY. Bandura, A. (1962). Social Learning through Imitation . University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, NE. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Role of Corporate Actors in the New Global Disorder Essay Modern corporations take an active part in the social and political life of citizens and the states. Since many corporate organizations are “obliged” by their communities to perform corporate social responsibility activities as mandatory actions to help the community they operate in, some of the organizations negatively interpret it as being another way of bringing profit for their investors and stockholders. It became possible since CSR became not voluntarily when an organization devotes some part of the profit for the improvement of the environment or assisting the consumers, but “investing” money into CSR to receive even more profit at the end. Today, many corporations hinder the fight against global crime by being involved in illegal practices and activities. Globalization hurts social corruption opening new methods and ways for illegal actions. Much of this simply has to do with the demographic changes reflected in a growing number of poor who strain the capacity of traditional sources of support. This assumption, however, tends to be based on anecdotes, subjective observations, and biased surveys, rather than empirical data. More scientifically derived information is difficult to obtain because there are no previous studies conducted on the level of care by which to compare. Government goals and strategies are unquestionably tempered by a lack of fiscal resources, but they are also strongly influenced by the belief that any solutions to the problems of the poor population must be approached in the context of cultures. Enforcing CSR is not only morally questionable but can also lead to its manipulation for the realization of the corporate objectives (Kotler and Lee 2004). The assistance for the community in solving its problems is good for its own sake, but not because such actions play an important role in enforcing organizations’ profit objectives. For instance, Wal-Mart is accused of gender and sex discrimination while Gap is accused of using child labor in India. Of equal importance, however, is educating the stakeholder to understand what is going on in the industry and what the industry is trying to do. The stakeholder also has a social responsibility to be aware of and understand the socioeconomic process. The giant corporation, Nike is also involved in one of the scandals because of kid’s labor used in its factories in Asia. These examples show that global transnational corporations do not help international organizations to fight crime, but become a source of crime themselves. Ideally, every company most certainly must obey all social responsibility-oriented laws and requirements (Monks and Minow 2003). The case of Texaco (which cut off the retirement benefits for African-American employees) shows that many international companies violate social responsibility principles and try to achieve financial gain only. Of equal importance, though, is educating society to understand what is going on in the industry and what the industry is trying to do. Texaco has a social responsibility to be aware of and understand the pollution process. The relationship of business with the community has had a long and changing role and involves many areas. In sum, pursuing financial gains, corporations hinder the fight against global crime being involved in illegal practices. Global actors should apply CSR strategies more responsibly and strategically while managing a variety of risks common in developing countries. Such risks can involve a lack of skilled labor resources, social unrest, ineffective regulations, faulty tax structures, and generally poor living and health conditions. Participation in CSR activities and following regulations and laws of the countries they operate in can make global corporations act in a more socially accountable manner. References Kotler, Ph., Lee, N. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your Company and Your Cause . Wiley. Monks, R. A. G., Minow, N. (2003). Corporate Governance . Wiley; 3 edition. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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