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What to assess and how the assessments will be used effectively 2. Role of standardized testing in the action plan 3. Creating clarity of expectation 4. Use of assessment as a learning tool 5. Aligning assessments with real-life demands and opportunities 6. Tools for evaluating the action plan 7. References What to assess and how the assessments will be used effectively The world today requires that students learn many skills. The action plan will focus on thinking skills that can make students understand the relationship among concepts that seem diverse. This can help the students to fit in the present economy which is highly technological and knowledge based. Assessment will be done based on abilities such as analysis, recalling, inference, evaluation and comparison. Other skills to be assessed will include collaboration, moral character and teamwork. These skills cannot be measured by use of standardized tests. The assessments will be effectively utilized if alignment is observed in an effective manner. The teaching objectives and those of the expected learning outcomes will have to be defined clearly for the benefit of the teacher and students. These outcomes and objectives should be aligned with those being assessed. Students must understand them so that they can be able to concentrate on achievement (Edutopia, 2012). Role of standardized testing in the action plan Standardized testing in the action plan will be used in assessing the academic progress of students. It will diagnose weaknesses and strengths in the students and put them in different instructional programs appropriate to them. The standardized tests are also important since they can serve the purpose of providing information for the improvement and evaluation of programs. Standardized tests may be inaccurate, biased, limited in measuring ability and achievement but they still play a role in assessment. Standardized tests will be useful in determining the readiness of children for school, putting students into instructional groups, diagnosing for disability in learning, retardation and any other handicap. It will help decide if a student is ready for promotion, needs to be retained in a grade or should be graduated. Finally standardized tests will help control teaching methods and curriculum content (Edutopia, 2012). Creating clarity of expectation Clarity of expectation creates fairness in the assessment process. In order to create expectation clarity the assessor will have to clearly state the assessment rules to the students and what he expects from them. Students will have to be told the standards they should meet and all the penalties that can result from their failure to meet the assessment standards. In creating expectation of clarity the teacher will have to make clear the learning intentions, relevance, modeling examples, the criteria for success and how to check understanding (Good & Brophy, 2008). Use of assessment as a learning tool Tests with short answers and multiple choice questions are not the best or only way that can be used when gauging the ability and knowledge of the students. Assessments based on performance can be incorporated into the standardized tests to increase the understanding of students. Assessment vehicles like presentations and student portfolios are also helpful for learning (Good & Brophy, 2008). Assessment has many purposes in learning. To the teacher assessment brings feedback about the failure and success of the objectives of teaching. It gives the teacher a focus for the strategies used in teaching when it defines the behavior of learning that the teacher wishes to see (Edutopia, 2012). Assessment that has been appropriately designed helps to recognize the achievement of students. To the students, assessments create the focal point for student learning. It provides a very clear and understandable definition of skills and content that is expected of the students and may provide organizational models necessary for student learning by providing scoring rubrics or stating the objectives. Assessment also gives students feedback about deficiencies in learning and can redirect students in the required manner (Edutopia, 2012). Aligning assessments with real-life demands and opportunities Assessments will be aligned with the opportunities and demands of real life by including in them, projects based on standards and various assignments that demand the application of skills and knowledge from the students. Examples of these include designing a house or examining the quality of water in a pond. The assessments will have criteria or rubrics that are designed in a clear manner to help create a consistent and fair evaluation of the work of the students and to give opportunities to students to gain from feedback received from peers, teachers and experts from outside (Good & Brophy, 2008). Tools for evaluating the action plan Evaluation of the action plan will help to show how effective it is in helping the students to learn. Evaluation of the action plan will be done against the goals and objectives set earlier for the assessment. The teacher will use various tools to evaluate the effectiveness of the action plan. Different rubrics will be used as tools for evaluation. Among them will be standards and class improvement rubrics, improvement plan scoring rubric and review process guide among others. A typical action plan evaluation rubric will have to answer questions of who the action plan will involve, why the action plan will be used, when it will be used, where it will be used and the purpose for its use (Good & Brophy, 2008). Action plans are very important in assessments and evaluating them helps to ensure that they are effective and successful in bringing about quality in learning. References Edutopia, (2012). How to teach with project based learning: A professional Development Guide . Retrieved from https://www.edutopia.org/ Good, T., & Brophy, J. (2008). Looking in classrooms (10 th ed.). San Francisco: Allyn and Bacon. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Practice of Fast Food in the United States Essay Fast food refers to food sold in restaurants with preheated or precooked ingredients. In the United States, the common components of a typical fast food include hamburgers, French fries, fried potatoes, pizza, chicken and soft drinks. Fast foods have a short preparation time as well as the time taken to serve the customers. The practice of fast food consumption has grown quickly in the United States. It sprang up in the 1970s and experienced a dramatic growth within a short period of just ten years since in 1970, there were only thirty thousand outlets of fast foods, but this number rose to 140000 outlets in ten years. The estimations show that in the year 2002, there were up to 222000 outlets (Schlosser, 2000). The fast-food outlets in the United States generated sales of above one 125 billion dollars. In 2002, this figure increased by about four percent attaining a new value of up to 130 billion dollars. The consumption of fast foods in this region is common among adolescents. A survey finding shows that adolescents visit fast food outlets twice oftener in a period of one week (Schlosser, 2000). A survey conducted on 4746 students within the age bracket of eleven to eighteen years, found out that up to seventy-five percent of this part of the population visited fast food outlets for their meals before the survey week. This survey concluded that fast food consumption entails a large intake of junk foods as well as a reduction in the intake of healthy foods. Fast foods are rich in energy and fats (Paeratakul, 2003). The practice of fast food preparation originated from California way back in the year 1940 and then spread rapidly to all parts of the United States. The culture was easily embraced due to the fast means of preparation. The foods were also easy to pack for later consumption, thus the name ‘take away’. Research shows that because of the heavy consumption of fast food obesity and related diseases have been on the rise and the most affected groups of people are those with long term consumption records of fast foods. Surveys have indicated that school children suffer obesity problems at early stages of their lives. Whereas, pregnant women who consume fast foods experience an abnormal increase in weight due to excess fat consumption. Another effect noticed is that fast food outlets have experienced rapid growth within a short period, while other restaurants have been growing at a retarded speed (Smucker, 2012). There has been a lot of criticism of fast foods from medical experts. This has made the government control the rate of consumption of such foods as well as their contents during preparation. The restaurants supplying such foods are to prepare it in a way that they contain less fat and calories. Consumption of natural fruit drinks is on the rise as opposed to soft drinks. Soft drink companies like Coca Cola are heavily taxed to discourage their operations in the United States. Instead, natural fruit drinks companies are increasing their production. The government has assisted companies in attracting high consumption of fruits instead of the soft drinks by offering incentives and tax cuts to such companies. This is aimed at reducing the risk of obesity due to excessive fats and calories being consumed by the general public especially adolescents (Paddock, 2013). References Paddock, C. (2013). Fast Food Accounts for More Than 11% Of Americans’ Daily Calories. Medical News Today . Paeratakul, S., Ferdinand, D.P., Champagne, C.M., Ryan, D.H., & Bray, G.A. (2003). Fast-food consumption among US adults and children: dietary and nutrient intake profile. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 103(10), 1332-1338. Schlosser, E. (2000). The Dark Side of the American Meal. New York Times, 19-20. Smucker, M., C. (2012). Want to lose weight? Eliminate fast food . Natural News. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Virgin Atlantic Airways Ten Years After Essay (Article) Virgin Atlantics celebrated its 10 th year during June 1994 in the remarkable history and a glorious disposition of an airline company that became Britain’s second largest haul airline in just ten years boasting of highest quality, innovative ideas and all at affordable prices. Richard Branson had always been the witty sort and his sensibility proved with the success of Virgin Airlines. Branson had always been fond of celebrities and the first company Branson worked for had excessive sales that year and soon after that he started with his own entrepreneurial venture of a magazine. During 1970, Branson founded the mail order record business called Virgin and soon after that he had his own recording studio, label, night club and also stakes in the London stock exchange. The company went public but that did not suit the sensibilities of Branson so he shed the burden off in order to continue with his entrepreneurial ventures. In 1994, Virgin Group had Virgin retail group, Virgin Communication and Virgin Investments which controlled over 100 entities in 12 countries. When Richard Branson noticed the downfall Laker Air that is when Branson got the idea of hiring executives from Laker namely, Roy Gardner, David Tait and Virgin Atlantic was created. Branson did not want a simple upper class airline since he wanted unique service offerings but at affordable prices. Virgin was quick in response to customer complaints and also to make use of opportunities. The marketing strategies used by the company have always been straight forward, witty and unique enough to attract all customers from competitors especially British Airways. The Early Years of Virgin (1984-89) were challenging but chaotic yet having a disposition of Richard Branson the time was challenging and fun in its own way. During 1989 the airline celebrated its “one millionth customer” and the customers on board were surprised with special offerings like a beautician or tailor on board. Branson befriended all rock stars and the company got into setting unique records such as the speedboat set the fastest time to have ever crosses the Atlantic with Branson on board. Virgin Atlantic also had a hot air balloon that flew across Atlantic and soon one of the balloons broke all records. During 1989-94 Richard Branson realized that the management of the company needed to be professionalized. The company was formerly a flat structure with 27 people reporting directly to Branson since now it was important to convert the company into a more customer driven organization. Branson met with a Marks and Spencer retailer Syd Pennington soon after that Pennington was made joint managing director of the company. Roy Gardner enjoyed the same position as well and Nigel Primrose was Finance Director so now only three people were reporting directly to Branson. Richard then focused on expanding the fleet to 18 planes with Boeings (747’s) and airbuses. The logo of Virgin Atlantic became the scantily dressed red-headed lady dressed in red and carrying a scarf. Virgin Atlantic had upper and economy classes but they realized the need for a middle class specifically for economy passengers traveling for business. The value for money that they provided helped them cater to a wide spectrum of customers. Fun was always an essential element of the airline’s strategy. The staff at Virgin is a dynamic team since they are hard-working, motivated and quality staff working for low salaries. All employees including the airline crew is allowed to call Branson at his land line number for 24 hours in order to make any unique suggestion or give a constructive and healthy criticism that can help the company grow. In the 10 th year the company had 2602 valuable employees. The Deregulation of the Airline industry affected Virgin Atlantic as well. The deregulation took place in three phases that was between 1987 when the price controls were relaxed, then in 1992 when airlines were allowed to set their own prices and also practice controls. Lastly, in 1990 when the global recession busted a lot of organizations and during the time when all airlines were laying off and downsizing Virgin maintained all employees and recruited new ones by the end of the year. Virgin Atlantic saw the worst recession and failures but today its one of the largest and the most popular airline companies in the world. Steve Ridgeway, the Marketing Head at Virgin had a unique set of promotional activities but the company spent only 2% of their turnover on advertisement which is well below 5%-7% the usual airline companies spend on promotion. Virgin filed a case against BA to have illegally logged onto their systems to spread rumors. Virgin won the case. The battle continued when Virgin filed another case on BA. Virgin announced its first alliance with Delta Airlines which raised Virgin’s profits by $150 million. Bibliography ECCH (1995) Virgin Atlantic Airways- Ten years after. Case Study. France: INSEAD. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
History of Texas and Its Accession to the USA Essay Table of Contents 1. Territory expansion 2. Cultural differences 3. Slavery 4. The revolution 5. Conclusion The Texas revolution took place in the 19 th century. The revolution led to the battle of San Jacinto and since them many reasons for the war have been discussed. Some blame the loss of Texas from Mexico on the Anglo Americans. The Anglo Americans are blamed for taking over Texas through any means necessary. On the contrary, some blame Mexico for losing part of its territory on its dictatorial rule that led to the revolution and eventual annex of Texas. This paper will discuss some of the reasons and heroes associated with the Texas revolution. Territory expansion Many reasons led to the Texas revolution. First, the United States had been expanding its territory plan and a number of Americans crossed over to Texas. Texas bordered Louisiana, and its land was fertile and desirable to the Americans. Texas was home to about four thousand Tejanos- people of Spanish heritage- and Pueblo and Plains Native Americans. The Spanish settlers encouraged more settlers to come to defend Texas against the Native Americans and people from America. Thus, to attract people the Spanish government offered land for sale in Texas and Moses Austin took that opportunity to ask for permission to start a colony. He got the permission on condition the settlers followed Spanish laws. Cultural differences However, after Mexico gained its independence, he had to renegotiate the terms of his colony under the Mexican government. The settlers had to become Mexican citizens, and follow the Roman Catholic Church. He attracted many settlers, but they did not live harmoniously with their neighbors. They had great cultural differences, and the Americans resisted learning Spanish and preferred to use English. They also rejected the Mexican laws. Tension among the people living in Texas started to build up as the different cultures prevailed. The mistrust among the American settlers and the Tejanos escalated and took a racial turn as the different communities thought the other considered themselves superior. Slavery The other reason that led to the revolution was slavery. The Anglo Americans had slaves back in the United States, and brought them to Texas. Later, Mexico started measures to abolish slavery, and the Americans did not like the new laws. They had many slaves working in their lands, and could not afford to lose their source of labor. They started to wish for freedom from Mexico to continue practicing slavery without restrictions. Owning slaves was very important to them and the thought of losing the laborers was very emotive, and led to a buildup of tension that contributed to the Texas revolution. The revolution Consequently, the Mexican government moved in to curtail the tensions and introduced taxes to the Texan people. The new requirement to pay taxes led to angry protests, and Austin took recommendations to the Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna to allow Texas to govern itself. He was loyal to the government, but a letter saying if the government rejected the recommendations he would break away was intercepted, and he was jailed for rebellion. Moreover, Santa Anna increased his troops, and Sam Houston took charge of the Texas army to fight for their freedom. The number was small and James Fannin led four hundred and twenty men. William Travis led a hundred and eighty three men. Travis passed a message to all Americans and told them there would be no surrender or retreat. However, the Texan troops lost the war at Alamo. Later on Houston led his men to the San Jacinto war and they defeated Santa Anna’s men, and he had to sign a treaty that gave freedom to Texas. Conclusion After Texas become independent, it was called the Lone Star republic led by Sam Houston. The Anglo Americans living in Texas, had strong ties to the United States, and they still considered themselves as Americans. They wanted to become part of the United States, and eventually Texas was annexed to the Union. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Transatlantic Slave Trade and Colonial Chesapeake Slavery Essay The transatlantic trade which mainly took place across the Atlantic ocean was a major event in world history. Transportation of human cargo into European countries to work in the plantation fields was a popular form of trade. Since Europeans had vast lands to cultivate, it meant that they required plenty of workers. This was the main purpose of the slave trade across the Atlantic ocean. The Chesapeake plantation was among the many plantations where slaves worked. Slaves worked by force in the plantations while living in unacceptable conditions. Africa was a primary source of slaves and the transatlantic trade mainly targeted areas in West Africa. Most of the West African slaves worked across the Chesapeake plantation (Walsh, 2003). This paper will explore the various conditions and adaptations that the African slaves acquired while working in the Chesapeake plantation. Most of the slaves who worked in the plantation had different cultural backgrounds. Understanding each other was a problem due to language barriers. This led to the development of groups by people who spoke the same language. Group formation fostered the progress of native West African cultural practices. This included song and dance for entertainment purposes. Singing was mainly done by communities such as the Igbo, Moko, and Efik (Walsh, 2003). The discovery of evidence showing the existence of drums and other musical instruments by historian Benjamin Latrobe acts as proof. Spirituality was a significant factor that brought the African slaves together in their native lands. They upheld their spiritual practices at their own free time away from the plantation works. Evidence of this exists in the Chesapeake plantations where archeologists have unearthed various artifacts. Among these include wine bottles, tobacco pipes, animal teeth, and white stones (Walsh, 2003). According to the contemporary West African cultures, the uses of these objects were to perform rituals honoring the ancestors. Healing charms were also worn during these days and this portrays how they believed in spiritual beings while in captivity. Slaves in Chesapeake shared a common geographical origin. Most of the slaves mainly originated from the West African region. This is a reason that mainly promoted their unity and continuity of various practices in the plantation. The people from the Northern, Southern, and Central parts of West Africa were mainly settled in the upper Chesapeake plantation. This helped the slaves adapt to the environment faster and easier. Those who were in the lower Chesapeake region came from areas such as Senegambia, Sierra Leone, and windward gold coast. This is evidence of similarity in the geographical locations of slaves (Walsh, 2003). Slaves from the same region found themselves in one region of the Chesapeake plantation. In conclusion, the article’s author needed to expand more on the various key areas of slavery in the Chesapeake plantation. The article does not provide a detailed analysis of how the slaves in Chesapeake plantation adapted to the environmental changes. It instead gives a tale of how the slaves were transported to the plantation. These details forget the important facts such as the roles played by slave traders and the adaptation of the slaves. Slavery is a key aspect in history and the article does not provide a detailed analysis into the spirituality and culture of the slaves. The main question of how, and if they do adopt new ways of life or stick to their traditional ways is of key importance. Reference Walsh, L. (2003). Transatlantic slave trade and colonial Chesapeake slavery. Journal of history, 17 , 11-15. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Global Leadership and Business Environment Essay Introduction Global leadership refers to the study of various disciplines, where future leaders in the personal experience field are informed of the principal elements they require. This enables them to familiarize effectively with globalization impacts (anthropological, psychological, sociological, geopolitical, geographical, and physiological). In global leadership, individuals assess the collaborative efforts of various stakeholders amidst environmental challenges, and develop a vision that incorporates a worldwide mind- set. Trends begin with colonialism, and are accelerated by innovation and mass media. This leads to a variety of novel concerns, which mankind has to solve. This paper aims at assessing whether majority of the leaders adhere to global leadership, and the future requirements these leaders need to survive in the global business arena (Ghemawat, 2005: 98). Do Majority of the Leaders Follow Global Leadership? Considering all the uncertainty and volatility present in the current workforce and world, there is a great need to create successful global leaders. The world has increasingly become complicated, unpredictable, and volatile (Morrison, 2000: 120). It is worth pointing out that there is extreme urbanization, growth in the population, and assorted combination of young and old employees, which has resulted to changes in the universal workforce. The workplace is increasingly being shaped by social learning and mobile technology (Jokinen, 2005: 221). Globally, leaders and their workforces are linked together by economic uncertainty. Majority of the leaders are aware of the shifts in the present world and workforce. Therefore, they have adopted global leadership, which is necessary for organizations to traverse transformation and complexity. Global leadership involves ensuring multicultural effectiveness, cultivating a sense of self- being in every human encounter, embracing personal differences, and efficiency in managing paradoxes (Mendenhall et al, 2012). Presently, leaders possess a greater purpose, where they encourage employees to improve their output, and make them feel emotionally participative. Leaders aim at making the company a place where employees are proud of. For companies to build trust and acquire operational licences, they have increasingly become responsive to societies. In addition to educating probable future workers, there is a need for companies to respond to the local people’s needs (Oddou, Mendenhall & Ritchie, 2000: 160). An internal social link is necessary to ensure cross- border collaboration. Global leaders require relevant characteristics such as reliance, which entails advocating for long- term effective strategies. Such leaders never give up, ensure a successful organization, and promote social and financial value. These leaders set great objectives, which enable them manage their performance. Global leaders focus on solving all challenges effectively, communication, team building, and ensuring a solid and diverse community (Petrick et al, 1999: 64). Future Requirements of Leaders in the Global Business Environment Individuals involved in the management of learning functions should assist leaders to carry out the present necessary tasks. Moreover, they should equip these leaders with the skills to deal with ambiguity, as well as handle tomorrow’s tasks. There is a need for interdisciplinary collaboration, to develop training tools and models of leadership. These are exceptionally effective in equipping global leaders with the skills of mastering novel challenges. Learning designers should safeguard activities which motivate learners to utilise their physical, emotional, and mental senses (Petrick et al, 1999: 64). These senses are necessary for gathering input and integrating multiple contexts. Individuals involved in talent management and career planning should focus on acknowledging the challenges that leaders face. References Ghemawat, P 2005, “Regional strategies for global leadership”, Harvard business review , vol. 83 no. 12, pp. 98. Jokinen, T 2005, “Global leadership competencies: a review and discussion”, Journal of European Industrial Training , vol. 29 no. 3, pp.199- 216. Mendenhall, ME, Osland, J, Oddou, GR, Bird, A, Maznevski, ML, Stevens, M & Stahl, GK 2012, Global Leadership 2e: Research, Practice, and Development , Routledge, New York. Morrison, AJ 2000, “Developing a global leadership model”, Human resource management , vol. 39 no. 3, pp. 117-131. Oddou, G, Mendenhall, ME & Ritchie, JB 2000, “Leveraging travel as a tool for global leadership development”, Human Resource Management , vol. 39 no. 3, pp. 159-172. Petrick, JA, Scherer, RF, Brodzinski, JD, Quinn, JF & Ainina, MF1999, “Global leadership skills and reputational capital: Intangible resources for sustainable competitive advantage”, The Academy of Management Executive , vol. 13 no.1, pp. 58 69. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
‘The Puritans and Sex’ by Edmund S. Morgan Essay The main thesis of ‘The Puritans and Sex’ by Edmund S. Morgan claims that the Puritans did not consider every possible source of satisfaction as an immoral and sinful deed. The author describes the Puritans not as a powerful religious society who disapproved and outlawed earthly pleasures but as people who actually were aroused by simple desires and fragility; therefore, according to Edmund Morgan, the Puritans understood that the human nature is weak to sins and succumbed to the temptations of the pleasures of the flesh. It was believed that the Puritans considered marriage as an only proper way to have sexual relations. Moreover, people that were accused of adultery were sentenced to death according to the Puritans’ laws; and those who were caught for sexual relationship within marriage were whipped. However, Edmund Morgan advanced doubts about the authenticity of these statements and claimed that sexual relation within the wedlock were widespread and practiced throughout the Puritans’ community. However, the author claims that sexual intercourse is an indispensable element of a healthful and hearty relationship within wedlock. The author supports the thesis of his work with several arguments. First of all, Puritans treated sexual intercourses as any other pleasure: on celebrations where delicious food and drinks were presented, sexual relations were allowed as well, only between two persons who were married. Secondly, surely there were certain laws that forbid adultery; however no more than three victims were sentenced to death. This could indicate that the Puritans had no desire in strictly following the law. Another argument in favor of sexual intercourse within marriage is getting the children of the Puritans to get marries as soon as possible; thus preventing the sin of adultery. And the last but not the least point of the author is an aspiration of the Puritan society to have a healthy, strong and successful marriage. The Puritans “took every means possible to make husbands and wives live together and respect each other: if a husband deserted his wife and remained within a jurisdiction of a Puritan Government, he was promptly sent back to her”. 1 The purpose of the author is to persuade a modern society that the concepts considered to be true for the Puritans’ lifestyle are wrong, and they were not strangers to earthly pleasures. The Puritans were a “group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed” 2 . The idea of this society as pure and religious people firmly rooted in the thoughts of nowadays mankind. However, an article by Edmund Morgan laid doubts in this; and although people and I included would need more historical proof, there is a possibility that our imagining of the Puritans was misguided 3 . I used the documents available on-line about the generally accepted principles of a lifestyle of the Puritans in order to better understand the evaluation of ‘The Puritans and Sex’. I have used all references in the bibliography at the end of the document. Edmund Morgan made an effort of bringing his contribution to the history of the Puritans, and many would agree that he has succeeded. The document can be considered as historical, as it includes historical proofs to every thesis of the author. Bibliography 1. Morgan, Edmond. “The Puritans and Sex.” In The New England Quarterly 15, 591-660. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1942. 2. “ Puritans ” 2015. 3. Delbanco, Andrew. “ Puritanism .”, 2015. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Model of Church Closest to the Apostolic Church of the New Testament Essay (Critical Writing) From the abundance of models of Christian Churches, few correspond to the model described by Jesus Christ and his faithful disciples including apostles and their companions. The New Testament is full of information regarding the mission, the concepts of organization, and the activity of a church that is pleasing God. In the following paper, I aim to describe the model of the church which is, in my opinion, is closest to the Apostolic Church of the New Testament. Overall, the evaluation of facts from the Holy Scriptures suggests that the model of Church as Herald is the most congenerous to the Apostolic Church. Among the six models of a Christian Church that are described in Dulles’ book, the model of Church as Herald appears to be the most conformable to the model depicted by the apostle Paul and the other prominent Christian leaders of the first century (‘Models of Church’ n. d). According to Dulles (1987, p. 206), this model can be characterized by the following description: “the Church [is] those people who are summoned by God’s Word and who are given the task to proclaim and bring the Word to the world”. Of course, the other six models also have some features of the Apostolic Church of the first century, but this model is the closest one. Such a conclusion can be supported by the numerous sayings from the Bible including the messages from Mathew, Mark, Luke, John, and the Apostle Paul in his numerous letters to the Christian congregations in the first century. In numerous verses from the Bible, we read that Christian Church is a group of people who follow Jesus. The Greek word, translated into English as ‘church’, means a group of people. It is in full accord with the Apostle Paul’s words from the book of Acts who says that a church is even two or three individuals who congregate on behalf of Jesus. Thus, Christ’s example and his activity should be critically important for the representative of the Apostolic Church. Jesus himself stated many times that his goal on the Earth was to proclaim his Father’s message to humanity. Jesus urged all those people, who wanted to join him, to participate in the preaching activity. He along with his disciples went to villages and towns, and proclaimed the good news about God’s Kingdom from house to house. When Jesus was ascending, he stated his will to the apostles and the other disciples that they should continue bringing God’s message to people. Apostles and their companions obeyed Jesus, and started a massive preaching campaign in the Roman Empire, and in the other parts of Asia. Thus, they became known for being speakers of the good news from the Bible. By 60 CE, the Apostolic Church was known as a congregation of honest people who had learnt the truth from God in the Bible, and were proclaiming it to all people that they were able to meet in the street, at home, or at public places such as markets and squares. In conclusion, the model of Church as Herald appears to be the most conformable model of church to the Apostolic Church in the New Testament. This is explained by the fact that apostles were active preachers of the good news about God’s Kingdom and encouraged their followers to join them in their activity. Not only has the Bible supported this fact, but also famous historians of those days such as Josephus Flavius. In particular, he stated that the first century Christians were known as a group of people whose primary activity was preaching. References Dulles, A. (1987). Models of Church . New York: Image Books. Models of Church. (n. d.). Class notes, 1. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Despite Erica is full of inspiration and enthusiasm, her entry is not as smooth as she might expect. Trying to set rapport with her subordinates, Erica nevertheless cannot find a common language with some of the teachers, as well as with her assistant, Harriet Clyde. There are several reasons for the difficulties the new principal has with her entry. First of all, Erica’s challenging situation is caused by the fact that she does not manage to switch the model of her behavior and decision-making from a teacher to a principal. She has not developed a strategy for her principalship and has no neat vision of her leadership style. If we look at the set of pairs of mental representations offered by Reason (2010) (each pair helps to detect what point a leader is inclined to in his/her leadership style), we will notice that some of the pairs concern the very issues that Principal Suzman should have thought over: for example, “The leader’s role: master or servant?”, “Change solutions: prepackaged or cocreated?” et al. These pairs of mental representations imply that a leader should have a deliberate view on whether he/she involves subordinates in decision-making, and when and how he/she should do it. Instead, Erica did not choose either this model or the opposite one, but focused on setting relations with colleagues and hired Mrs. Clyde under the influence of circumstances (Merseth, p.58). Thus, the main task that Miss Suzman has to cope with is to “use [her] head more than [her] heart” (p.68) and develop her position as a leader. Besides, she needs to get used to the fact that she should delegate responsibilities rather than trying to do everything on her own. Another issue that Principal Suzman has to work on is flexibility and the ability to understand others’ positions. Erica Suzman forgot about the proverb that says, “When in Rome do as the Romans do”. Despite Miss Suzman is a talented teacher with her advanced vision of how the teaching process should be conducted, she entered a school where another style of teaching dominated: the majority of teachers focused on discipline and standards while Erica herself focused on individuality and personal approach. If we again allude to Reason’s scheme of mental representations, we will find several pairs of representations that describe this difference: for example, “Learning goals: teaching to standard or adding value?”, “The purpose of school: reflect and maintain community standards or advance them?” et al. (Reason, 2010). Erica has to understand that changing the teaching style and leadership style that has dominated in the school for years is very difficult and time-consuming. She needs to access the distinctions in her and others’ styles of teaching and discern the difference between them and real problems and violations. The particular case that Erica has to deal with is the case of Royal Collins, a fourth-grader who has problems in his family and often demonstrates misbehavior at school. Being an experienced teacher, she recognized correctly that the boy needed a personal approach and interest. She also saw that neither Mrs. James nor Mrs. Clyde was willing to provide this interest to Royal; that is why her decision about taking this case under her control was correct, even so, that we see that her communication with the boy had a visible positive effect. At the same time, Miss Suzman should defend her position concerning this case in her conversation with the superintendent and explain that in this case, her interest in Royal’s case is reasonable. As the school principal, Erica Suzman has responsibility for Royal Collins’s case. At the same time, she has the right to request the juvenile officer to coordinate the work between the department and the school. Dottie Bauer argued that “it isn’t clear whose job” it was to inform the school about cases analogous to Royal’s case (p.64), but Erica has to eliminate this “informational gap” and introduce a new model of communication with the department: she should insist on informing the school about unordinary cases connected with its students. References Merseth, K. K. (1997). Cases in Educational Administration. USA: Allyn & Bacon. Reason, C. (2010). Competing Mental Representations in Schools. Solution-Tree.Com. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Accreditation and It’s Importance in Business Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Accreditation and its importance 3. Accreditation Requirements in Business 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Accreditation is the issue concerning a great number of spheres of human activity. It contains accreditation of laboratories, educational institutions, the field of healthcare, diplomacy, and journalism. This notion means the process of granting specific duties and possibilities to act in a particular sphere. It is important to analyze at least basic fields of human activity that need accreditation. The current report will cover the accreditation requirements in business in the USA, the European countries, and Saudi Arabia. It also contains explanation of the process of obtaining accreditation and discussion of its importance. Accreditation is the way to control the efficiency of fulfilling duties. Every sphere of business in different countries can impose changes and improvements into the activities. Consequently, accreditation is the chance to improve the business and, at the same time, one can obtain accreditation only by means of improving the business. Accreditation and its importance As every area presupposes human participation (education, healthcare, diplomacy, and others), it is necessary that all businesses should be accredited. Personally I would feel more confident if I visited an accredited hospital. Do you ask people about their accreditation? Is it necessary to ask people about accreditation of their business? Is it required to provide clients with documents testifying accreditation of the business. Accreditation is important from the point of view of globalization. Global sphere of economic, cultural, social, and political interrelations presupposes a number of specific requirements. Thus, the requirements must represent a single system of approving and granting. Professionals working in any business are to obtain accreditation in order to meet the requirements of the modern global community and to be competitive. Professionals are people who are concerned in accreditation the most because they need some verification of their skills level. Accreditation Requirements in Business Different countries may have different accreditation bodies. These bodies are aimed at issuing certificates or some other documents confirming the level, professionalism and sufficiency of skills possessed by the employees of the particular business. Moreover, different spheres of human activity acquire approvals from different accreditation bodies within the country or the continent. Thus, the European countries can appeal to the national accreditation bodies as well as to the single European accreditation body dealing with a specific sphere of activity. American institutions of all kinds appeal to the American accreditation bodies, suchlike Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP). “ACBSP is a specialized accrediting organization that reviews the quality and integrity of business degree programs” (Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs, 2008, p. 3). This association deals with the business schools and programs in the United States of America. As Jean A. Morse claims “The manner in which initial accreditation is processed is essential to preserving the diversity of different types of colleges and universities in the U.S. Accreditors apply their standards in the context of the specific mission of each institution. This requires specialized and tailored attention to the nature and needs of each candidate” (2007, p. 1). During the research it turned out that only the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provided business institutions with a list of required documents needed of obtaining accreditation, whereas the European countries and the United States of America use accreditation in terms of approving educational methods and programs of the educational institutions of different academic levels. Thus, the accreditation requirements for business institutions include such issues: a demand letter (address to East Transglobal Manpower Consultants Inc.); special power of attorney for POEA (authorizing East Transglobal Manpower Consultants Inc. to process Filipino workers documents); special power of attorney for Saudi Embassy (authorizing East Transglobal Manpower Consultants Inc. to withdraw visa). The next accreditation requirements are standard employment contract for overseas Filipino workers; recruiting agreement; special power of attorney (SPA) from an accredited Saudi Recruiting Office authorizing East Transglobal Manpower Consultants Inc. to withdraw visa from the Saudi Embassy, stamped by the Saudi Chamber of Commerce and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is also required to have a valid business license or commercial registration papers with English translation from a translation center, and original visa copy (East Transglobal Manpower Consultants Inc). Conclusion Accreditation is an important aspect of running a business. Accreditation gives an opportunity to continue business activity; it involves improvements and requires improvements as well. The officials and accreditation bodies of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consider accreditation great opportunity to issue business licenses and control business activities on the territory of the country. Thereby, the accreditation in the USA and European countries is considered an approval of methods and approaches taken in educational institutions, field of healthcare and laboratories. Consequently, to run business in the United States of America or any European country it is necessary to obtain a license. Moreover, accreditation in any area of the human activities involves control. Thus, business area has to be controlled in order to prevent illegal activities, unfair actions, and to ensure permanent maintenance of the process. Accreditation bodies fulfill the control over different kinds of institutions including the objects of the business area. References Accreditation Requirements. (2009). East Transglobal Manpower Consultants Inc. Web. Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs. (2008). The Process of Obtaining Accreditation. Overland Park, Kansas: ACBSP. Web. Morse, Jean A. (2007). Entry Requirements for U.S. Accreditation . Philadelphia, PA: Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Web. Jones, Geoffrey, and Jonathan Zeitlin. (2008). The Oxford Handbook of Business History . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Peterson’s Publishing. (2003). Graduate and Professional Programs in Business, Education, Health, Information Studies, Law and Social Work 2004 . United Kingdom: Peterson’s. Williams, Delmus, and Phyllis O’Connor. (2003). Accreditation and the Academic Library. In Miriam A. Drake, Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science . (pp. 64-75). United States: CRC Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Facebook 2. Twitter 3. YouTube 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited The first social networking site (SNS) appeared in 1995. However, back then, few people ever imagined that this new form of web interaction and communication would grow to become the largest virtual community in the world. Today, social networking sites, such as Facebook, Orkut, YouTube, Tagged, Twitter, and MySpace, are some of the most important forms of communication, connecting billions of people from all corners of the world at the click of a mouse. This platform allows for the global sharing of information even in places that are not accessible by mainstream media. As a result of their popularity and ease of accessibility, social networking sites have had a big impact in today’s society. Facebook Facebook was created in 2004 and is today the largest SNS, commanding a following of more than 800 million active users found in all parts of the world. The company was founded by Mark Zuckerberg together with his three college friends, and although its membership was initially limited to Harvard students, it soon spread to include other students before eventually opening to all persons aged 13 and above (Carlson 23). It has since grown to become the most used SNS by worldwide monthly active users. Facebook has had a number of social impacts among its users in a number of ways. With its accessibility in most mobile technologies, the site allows friends and persons with mutual interests and beliefs to continuously stay in touch wherever they may be. Although Facebook has been said to be beneficial to its users’ lives, scholars have argued that it may make users to be antisocial since there is no direct communication between them. Besides, some people have claimed that Facebook is a source of disagreements in relationships. Twitter Twitter is a SNS and microblogging site based in San Francisco that allows users to post short text-based posts referred to as tweets. The site was developed in July 2006 by Jack Dorsey and has grown to gain global popularity, with more that 300 million users, resulting in more than 300 million tweets and approximately 1.6 billion search requests daily. Twitter has impacted its users’ social lives in a number of ways, for instance, it allows busy persons to keep in touch with their audience since the tweets are typically short, consisting of 140 characters (D’Monte 8). The site has also been largely to organize protests aimed at governments some of which have had far-reaching effects. Examples include the Egyptian Revolution, Tunisian protests, Iranian election protests and the Syrian protests. YouTube YouTube is a video-sharing website founded by 3 ex-PayPal employees in 2005 that allows users to upload, watch, and share videos over the internet. In late 2006, the company was bought by Google and is now headquartered in California. The videos available on the site come from a number of sources, including armature homemade videos, TV clips, music videos, documentaries, classic videos and so on. YouTube has made it possible to view and share motion pictures in a manner not possible previously. Occurrences in all parts of the world are shared throughout the world and this elicits awareness and also allows for public debate on the issue. For instance, the Arab Spring activists have frequently used videos to show how government forces oppressed and even killed innocent civilians thereby making the whole world aware of the ongoings in these countries. Conclusion SNSs have taken virtual interaction to another level, enabling people from all corners of the world to meet on a single platform and share information of interest. The success of these sites can be attributed to their global presence, fast penetration of the internet, and their availability on mobile devices. SNSs have had a large social impact among users owing to the ease of information sharing and the ease with such information can be accessed. Works Cited Carlson, Nicholas. “At Last — The Full Story Of How Facebook Was Founded.” Business Insider 5 Mar. 2010: 23. Print. D’Monte, Leslie. “Swine flu’s tweet tweet causes online flutter. “ Business Standard, 29 Apr. 2009: 8. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is situated on the Philippine Island of Luzon. When it erupted, the volcano killed hundreds of people and displaced thousands. It also destroyed properties and crops that belonged to the people living around the mountain. Seismic experts from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology had predicted its eruption in April 1991. The experts declared that the people living around the mountain were in danger and needed to be evacuated from the area. Evacuation started from the people living along the slopes of the mountain. They were followed by people living in the near lowlands of the mountain (Charles, 1996). The prediction of the eruption had been a success since they were able to evacuate the people around the mountain in good time. But they failed since they were not able to predict the coming of a storm that caused heavy rainfall. Had the experts predicted the storm, the whole Island could have been evacuated (Richard, V.F., and Grant, H., 1998). The lowland areas were not safe since the steaming mudflow found its way to the lowlands destroying properties, crops, killing people and animals. USAID came to their rescue and donated plastic materials that were used as temporary houses. There were also some donations of money that was used to fund the rehabilitation projects (Richard, V.F., and Grant, H., 1998). The victims faced a lot of challenges due to mismanagement of resources, thus making the campus to have inadequate facilities. There was an outbreak of diseases and children suffered. Sources provide that these days, most of the victims of Pinatubo eruption are still in camps due to lack of sufficient donors, USAID being their main donor (Cashman, K. V., and Cronin, S. J., 2008). Evacuation is one of the techniques used when there in a volcanic disaster. Before evacuation takes place, some measures need to be taken into consideration. For example, the affected people should have knowledge of where they are going to take refuge. Secondly, they should have an idea of the important things to carry. For instance, if one has pets, he should know where to keep them safe (Charles, 1996). The victims should also have the emergency kits just in case of any injuries. Also the victim should have a proper method to communicate with his family in case of any separation when evacuation is taking place. During the evacuation, the victims should be well instructed on the measures to take in order to avoid confusion that can cause panic. Crowd control is another technique used during the volcanic disaster. Crowd control is enhanced in so many ways. First, the victims need to be made aware of the likely disaster they may face (Haraldur, 1999). That is to prepare them psychologically. A warning should also be given in good time to allow room for suggestions and solutions to their problems. By doing that, you would have managed to control the crowd. Lastly, the affected crowd should be made aware of the challenges they are likely to face and encourage them to stick together. That would discourage people from branching to different directions. Evacuation and crowd control techniques are done in steps. The steps help to have a more organized procedure to evacuate and control the crowd. The techniques should have been employed in the Philippine Island of Luzon in a more organized manner. First, enough research should have been done on the eruption and the possible storm to avoid surprises. After the research is done, the people involved should have been given enough information. That would have prevented people from dying. Evacuation should have been done completely from the Island. The mistake came in when the seismic experts allowed the people to settle in the lowlands (Charles, 1996). The victims should have been given transport assistance in order to have a faster evacuation process. Evacuation should also have been funded from the public funds to facilitate complete evacuation by mid-May. By doing that all the people would have accepted to vacate the Island hence saving lives in the process. References Cashman, K. V., and Cronin, S. J. (2008). Welcoming a monster to the world: Myths, oral tradition, and modern societal response to volcanic disasters. Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research, 176(3), 407-418. Retrieved from EBSCO. (doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.040) Charles, F.(1996). Volcanoes of the solar system .United Kingdom.Cambridge University. Haraldur, S. (1999). Melting the Earth . London: Oxford University. Richard, V.F., and Grant, H. (1998). Crucibles of change . New York. Princeton University. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Manufacturing Elastomers Research Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Mixing 2. Extrusion 3. Calendering 4. Compression Molding 5. Injection Molding 6. Vulcanization 7. Curing Machines 8. Works Cited Mixing Different additives are combined with elastomers, for example, antioxidants, re-enforcing elements, pigments, processing aids, softeners, and curing agents. Dispersion kneader aids the combination since it mixes all components under high pressure, controlled heat, and stipulated mixing durations (Barbera et al. 710). The mixture generates compound lumps that are obtained from the dispersion kneader. The clumps are allowed to cool then stored for a few days to enhance the quality of the product. Extrusion During the extrusion stage, the rubber complex sheet is introduced into the extruder, which comprises a revolving screw within a tight-fitting hot cask. The objective of feeding the rubber into the extruder is to pressurize, mix, and soften it since it is continually channeled to a shaping die at the outlet of the extruder (Yu et al. 4). The generated product has a consistent cross-section along the span of the formed items. Characteristic produced rubber items encompass seals and gasket profiles, weather stripping, and tubing. Calendering In the calendaring phase, a plastic or rubber product moves across a chain of rollers in an effort of smoothing, flattening, or coalescing two or more elements. Calendered pieces may have numerous layers of polymer and elastomeric compressed together. In line with the intended application and needed appearance or texture, pieces of plastic or rubber may be polished, smoothened, refined, and made to have a raised surface or wavelike pattern (Barbera et al. 712). The final surface features rely on the pressure applied by rollers, the degree of heat, composition, surface plan, and the form of cover on the product that is calendered. Compression Molding Compression molding is a stage where the compound is compressed in a hot mold to assume the shape of its cavity and undergo curing attributable to the high temperature and pressure employed on the material. It is a considerable progression to generate flat sheets and fabrics with rubber coating as cured or uncured product segments (Yu et al. 4). The compound taken into the compression molding process could be in pre-shaped blanks or putty-like substances. The pressure is applied to the compound before it is forced to fill the mold cavity with a heating system that ensures effective curing. Injection Molding This is the phase where the compound is compressed onto a mold cavity via an opening. Rubber products in strip form are introduced into injection molding machines. The products are then pushed forth by a feeding screw and taken into a split mold, entering its cavity through a runner system. The injection molding machine resembles an extruder with the major difference between them being in the screw action (Yu et al. 4). In the extruder, the screw turns continually to create a continuously long product, for example, a rod or pipe. However, in the injection molding, the screw does not just only keep rotating but also moves back and forth consistent with the progress of the molding cycle. Vulcanization This process results in valuable rubber products such as mechanical items and tires. Unvulgarized rubber is taken into the vulcanization process to make it less sticky and enable it to retract to its initial shape following deformation. Rubber and sulfur, together with other elements, are heated to over 300 degrees Fahrenheit in a pressurized mold (Barbera et al. 715). Heat and chemicals introduced in the vulcanization process harden the rubber and enable it to retract easily. Curing Machines In curing machines, rubber extrudate is refined to sustain its shape and obtain essential physical characteristics. This is achieved by a chemical reaction (the joining of molecules) from sulfur curing components (Barbera et al. 713). Curing starts when extrudate temperature is increased by feeding it into media such as microwave or hot air system. The size of the rubber changes slightly in the curing process and this should be considered in the die design. Works Cited Barbera, Vincenzina, et al. “Serinol Derivatives for the Sustainable Vulcanization of Diene Elastomers.” Rubber Chemistry and Technology, vol. 91, no. 4, 2018, pp. 701-718. Yu, Kunhao, et al. “Additive Manufacturing of Self-Healing Elastomers.” NPG Asia Materials, vol. 11, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-11. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Supplemental Security Income Policy Project Essay (Critical Writing) Older people with disabilities living in the countryside are an economically vulnerable group that needs the support of society. Supplemental Security Income is one of the ways to improve the situation, but most of the current programs do not cover everyone who needs help. Making Supplemental Security Income programs more available for persons with disabilities might significantly improve the quality of life and health outcomes of older people living in the country. Many persons in risk groups cannot receive help from Supplemental Security Income programs because of limitations associated with the application process. Some people do not meet the biased criteria to be qualified as poor, and others cannot deal with the administrative burden because of their health limitations (Keesler, 2015). In the face of these problems, such programs need to be organized to cover a broader range of vulnerable populations and provide assistance in application to those who need it. Better funding of such programs is fully justified because, apart from improved health outcomes, they have economic benefits for society. Supplemental Security Income enhances the quality of life of its practitioners and has a positive effect on their food security, which is tightly linked with health conditions such as diabetes (Brouns, 2018). Thus, as a preventive measure for the negative health consequences associated with poverty, such programs can save money that the government spends on the treatment of serious diseases. Supporting vulnerable members of the community is necessary to create a fair and stable society. Supplemental Security Income programs help disabled people with financial difficulties to improve their quality of life and diet. By making a positive effect on health outcomes and prevention of future disease, these programs also help saving money. Expending such programs and making them easier to apply will have a significant positive effect on society, especially in rural areas of the United States. References Brouns, F. (2018). Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate–high-fat diet recommendable? European journal of nutrition , 57 (4), 1301-1312. Keesler, J. M. (2015). Applying for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Family and Service Coordinator Experiences. Intellectual and developmental disabilities , 53 (1), 42-57. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The World Trade Supranational Organization Essay Introduction A supranational organization is a universal political institution composed of several countries that waive power to the institution (Martinez 99). These organizations are associations formed by states seeking to realize their mutual goals (Martinez 106). The governments of these countries erect administrative structures that labor to accomplish these aims, by entrusting power to particular authorities (Martinez 106). They also establish financial, economic, and military alliances to help drive the agenda of the institution as a whole (Martinez 107). This essay is a discussion of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a supranational organization, its headquarters location, purpose, significant activities, as well as membership requirements. Body Background of the WTO: Headquarters Location The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a universal entity with supranational aspects, inaugurated on 1 January 1995 – approximately twenty years ago (Sek 1). In 1994, 123 countries signed the Marrakech Agreement to authenticate and set WTO in motion, thereby substituting the 1948 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). WTO has an international working scope, and its official languages are English, Spanish, and French (Sek 2). The WTO headquarters location is at Geneva, Switzerland, in the Centre William Rappard building, along the Rue de Lausanne 154 Street. Purpose of WTO The WTO pilots and governs world trade rules, by promoting and endorsing liberal trade (Sek 2). Liberal trade refers to commerce proceedings that are free of any barriers such as bias, prejudice, racism, discrimination, partisanship, favoritism, and corruption. The organization certifies international trade agreements and policies, which supervise the trade of services, goods, and intellectual property (Sek 2). WTO also partakes in dispute resolution in business proceedings. It employs diplomatic means to resolve disputes and ease trade negotiations. It also develops directives to protect the consumers from unbalanced transactions (Sek 3). These directives are all protective measures, which the member states devise and appoint. Current and Most Significant Activities of the WTO The principal activities of the WTO mainly include dispute resolution. The Ministerial Committee of the WTO assembles every two years to make decisions by consensus and resolve any conflicts brought forth (Bronckers and Baetens 290). One of the ways it does this is by declaring trade sanctions to any country, which impose unreasonable customs duty on other states. Currently, WTO is involved in a dispute settlement between Chinese Taipei as the complainant and Indonesia as the respondent (Bronckers and Baetens 292). On 12 February 2015, Chinese Taipei made requests for dialog with Indonesia, claiming that Indonesia had imposed unsustainable safeguard procedures on the importation of some steel and iron items. The measures were contrary to the trade agreements signed (Bronckers and Baetens 293). Membership Requirements Entry into the WTO first necessitates that a state should president over its trade policies (Bronckers and Baetens 295.). There are four steps to attain membership. First, the candidate country presents an application to the WTO working committee comprising of its economic and trade policies (Sek 5). Step 2 is for the candidate to broker Bilateral Trade Agreements with countries party to the organization, to enable free trade. Step 3 is for the WTO working committee makes a draft of the protocol of accession and the terms of agreements (Sek 6). Finally, two-thirds of the WTO state members have to approve this contract, and after approval, the candidate becomes a member. Conclusion The WTO is a supranational body that governs trade activities globally (Martinez 100). It contracts trade agreements, resolves dispute among member states and issues sanctions against those overstepping trade policies. It aims at trade opening for importers, producers, exporters, and consumers alike (Sek 4). The trade agreements, devised and ratified by member governments, define the organization’s activities. Nonetheless, some nations oppose these agreements and policies put across as they claim they limit the sovereignty of a nation (Martinez 125). Works Cited Bronckers, Marco and Freya Baetens. “Reconsidering financial remedies in WTO dispute settlement.” Journal of International Economic Law 16.2 (2013): 281-311. Print. Martinez, Magdalena. National Sovereignty and International Organizations, The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1996. Print. Sek, Lenore. The World Trade Organization: Background and Issues, Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2001. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Marketing of the “Taxi of Tomorrow” in New York City Essay This paper discusses “Taxi of Tomorrow” a taxi model that would be most preferable to passengers hence it correlates with a research paper based on the same topic whereby the research paper gives an analysis of the relations that exists between the new official New York taxi and the commuters. The Taxi of Tomorrow generally dwells on the new and future models of public service vehicles that are to be used as taxis. According to the research paper, the New York City’s mayor gave an announcement that the Taxi of Tomorrow would be the Nissan NV200 model and the company would supply taxi cabs to New York City for a decade. A factor that should be considered when selecting the “Taxi of Tomorrow” is both the safety and efficiency of the vehicle as it was done in New York City where 23000 people examined different vehicles and they finally chose the Nissan NV200.” Taxi of Tomorrow” is a project whose goal is to establish objectives and requirements which the next taxicab should meet. This is similar to the New York City issue on ”Taxi of Tomorrow” since there was a deliberation that included taxi drivers, owners of taxis and a selected few who represented the passengers. The three parties agreed on the requirements of the “Taxi of Tomorrow,” and the car manufacturers were given a proposition to present the best of ideas for the forthcoming taxicab model for New York City. The initiative of this procurement process which took two years had the aim of bringing together the taxi industry’s purchasing power in order to produce a taxi of good quality and one which had a provision of safety and comfort to commuters as well as their drivers also, one that would provide other services that are not available in the existing taxicabs. This was the main purpose of creating a taxi dubbed “Taxi of Tomorrow”( Zeithaml & Leonard 1985). To come up with the most appropriate model that would suite the “Taxi of Tomorrow,” several proposals should be put into consideration. Firstly, the car manufacturers’ capability to meet the intended expectations of the agreed model of taxicabs and the second proposal is that of the quality of the car model in regards to whether it would boost the passengers and operators interact with each other. These proposals were also evaluated in the research paper “Taxi of Tomorrow.” The research paper has similarities to “Taxi of Tomorrow” since some of the qualities of the models that were evaluated were; the noise intensity of the vehicle, the model’s effect to the environment, the vehicle’s durability, safety level of the vehicle and its average cost to the cab industry (Wang & Jinhong 2011). The “Taxi of Tomorrow” should have several features that enhance the passengers and operators quality and comfort. For instance, in the research paper, Nissan NV200 has several characteristics that its designers pledged to increase quality to its users. In terms of safety issues, the Nissan NV200 is paired with sliding doors, passenger airbags and alert lights which are on the exterior whose main function is to warn other motorists that the doors are being opened. The model further goes to increase the comfort of the commuters by introducing stylish features where passengers can independently control their climate since there is a provision for climate controls, the interior air is filtered, seats that are non stick antibacterial, no hump on the passenger floor and finally the middle seat is flat. The taxi drivers on their other hands are not left out since their comfort is increased where they have more leg room, a GPS navigation system, and separate climate controls. The “Taxi of Tomorrow” is an ideal model of a taxicab that would increase the rate of people commuting via taxis due to its high quality in terms of comfort and safety which are key factors that passengers consider when choosing which commuter vehicle to use. References Wang, Q. & Jinhong X. (2011). Will Consumers Be Willing to Pay More When Your Competitors Adopt Your Technology? The Impacts of the Supporting-Firm Base in Markets with Network Effects. Journal of Marketing. Vol 75. Zeithaml, A. & Leonard P. (1985). Berry Problems and Strategies in Services Marketing Author(s): Source: The Journal of Marketing, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 33-46 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Physical Activities and Dietary Issues Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Analysis 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Human health is a vital aspect of human life since it can not be replaced once wasted. People try to stay healthy through various means and thus try to find possible solutions to health complications. It is not enough to eat a balanced diet in order to be healthy. There are other aspects of concern that individuals must address in order to attain healthy standards. People become what they are due to what they consume. Those who consume cautiously live careful lives than those who eat what they get. This discussion focuses on physical activities and diet as measures towards achieving healthy standards of living. Analysis The high rate of multiple dietary and physical activity behaviors that have led to chronic illnesses among adolescents in the UK has greatly increased. During a survey where 51% of the 176 participating adolescents were girls, the adolescents were asked to wear accelerometers and later fill out a questionnaire after a week. This was done to assess their breakfast, fruit, and vegetable consumption (Anderson 2012). They were required to fulfill a given amount of physical activity (≥ 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day), fulfill a breakfast recommendation (eating breakfast on ≥ 5 days per week), and a fruit and vegetable recommendation (portions of fruit and vegetables per day). It was found that boys were more active than girls and the younger adolescents were more active than the older ones. Boys also ate more breakfast than the girls did while the older adolescents ate more fruits than the younger ones. Multiple risk behaviors were found on more than half of adolescents, meanwhile, only 6% were able to follow all requirements. Compared to boys, girls had more risk factors. Most girls had a two behavioral risk that paired breakfast consumption and physical activity as they were prone to skip breakfast more which led to low energy levels hence low physical activity. It has been found that physical tasks along with a healthy diet which includes sufficient and regular breakfasts and adequate levels of fruit consumption cause short and long-term health effects in youth. Cardiovascular disease risk factors may be prevented by good physical activity hence influencing health in adulthood (Jolan 2011). It is also possible for young people to take regular breakfast to be overweight compared to those who prefer skipping breakfast. Most data in the UK show that 40% of girls and 30% of boys do not meet the present guidelines of physical activity. Also, it has been shown a prominent correlation between dietary behaviors and physical activities in youngsters. Low fruit and vegetable consumption lead to low levels of physical activities while frequent skipping of breakfast led to infrequent physical activity (Johnson 2011). Though health-promoting programs try to frequently target multiple behaviors, there has been no best way found to stimulate the behavior change in adolescents. Most of the common cluster for young people with two risk behaviors were caused by an inability to meet the level of fruits and vegetable consumption along with recommendations regarding physical activities. Conclusion This implicates that multiple health behaviors should be intervened to address health behaviors individually. However, it is found that these physical and dietary behaviors do not occur while in isolation hence it would be advisable to find the best ways to achieve these changes in adolescent boys and girls. Works Cited Anderson, O. (2012). The Flat Belly Formulae: Diet, Breath and Gravity (No Nonsense Health and Fitness) . Massachusetts: Wadsworth Publishing. Johnson, A. (2011). Be Your Own Personal Trainer: The Anatomy of Personal Training. New York: Cengage Learning. Jolan, J. (2011). The Ultimate Diet Guide: For Busy Women! No Starving, No food Restrictions, No Gym Workouts Required. New York: Make Right Publishing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Coping Strategies for International Students with Language Barriers Research Paper Prior research demonstrates that international students encounter many difficulties as a result of language and cultural barriers, educational and financial difficulties, interpersonal challenges, racial intolerance, loss of social support, estrangement and homesickness (Sherry, Thomas & Chui 2010, p. 34). Language proficiency is the single most important factor that determines the educational success of international students since it does not only affect their ability to succeed by influencing their psychological state of mind (Doron et al 2009, p. 516), but impacts their capacity to interact socially with other students (Olson 2012, p. 27). Valez-McEnvoy (2010, p. 82) reports that language barriers are known to lessen students’ capacity to successfully understand lectures, take notes in class, complete assessments and examinations, and engage in productive communication. Attrition rates for international nursing students with language barriers, for example, have been reported as high as 85%, not mentioning that their pass rate in National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) is 21% lower than native speakers (Olson 2012, p. 26). From this analysis, it appears that there exists a wide body of knowledge on the perceived consequences of the language barrier problem among international students. However, relatively little is known about the coping strategies adopted by these students to deal with the language barrier problem. More importantly, there still exist gaps in knowledge on the most successful coping strategies that international students can adopt to overcome the challenge presented by the problem of language barrier in the pursuit of their education abroad. It is these gaps in knowledge that this study seeks to fill. For international students, it is obvious that language is not only an instrument of structuring communication but also a noteworthy aspect that positively or negatively influence their educational achievement (Selvadurai 1998; Simpson & Cooke 2010). Due to these factors, international students with language difficulties often experience stress which acts as a barrier to successful acculturation (Mettler 1998, p. 100), communication competence (Hallberg 2009, p. 188), and educational progression and success (Nielsen 2005, p. 527). Indeed, available literature demonstrates that not only is it increasingly difficult for students exhibiting language deficiencies to do well in their studies, but they often experience too much arousal due to irrational fear of failing examinations and communicating with others, resulting in harm to mind and body (Sanner, Wilson & Samson 2002). In light of the above, this study purposes to employ Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) Transactional Model of Stress to investigate the coping strategies used by international students presenting with language barriers. The model utilises two appraisal systems – primary and secondary. While the primary appraisal refers to the initial perception about a stressor (language barrier) and whether it is judged to be positive (leading to eustress), negative (leading to distress) or benign, the secondary appraisal refers to the coping responses the person draws on (Gibbons, Dempster & Moutray 2011, p. 622). It is demonstrated in the literature that the interaction between the perception of stressors and the individual’s response is governed by a number of moderators, which include self-efficacy, perceived control, support and coping style (Krohne 2002; Hallberg 2009). According to the model, there are two types of coping strategies, namely problem-based and emotion based. While problem-focussed coping strategy involves activities centred on changing the stressful situation (e.g. planning), the emotion-focussed strategy involves activities centred on modifying an individual’s reactions to stressful situations (e.g. positive reinterpretation) (Doron et al 2009, p. 516). It should be noted that the stressful situation in this study is the language barrier experienced by international students as they go about fulfilling their academic objectives. The justification to use this model arises from the fact that problem-based coping approach has been found beneficial for student learning, performance and wellbeing (Gibbons, Dempster & Moutray 2011). Reference List Doron, J, Stephan, Y, Boiche, J & Le Scanff, C 2009, ‘Coping with examinations: Exploring relationships between students’ coping strategies, implicit theories of ability, and perceived control’, British Journal of Educational Psychology , vol. 79 no. 3, pp. 515-528. Gibbons, C, Dempster, M & Moutray, M 2011, ‘Stress, coping and satisfaction in nursing students’, Journal of Advanced Nursing , vol. 67 no. 3, pp. 621-632. Hallberg, D 2009, ‘Socioculture and cognitivist perspectives on language and communication barriers in learning’, World Academy of Science Engineering & Technology , vol. 60 no. 2, pp. 186-195. Krohne, HW 2002, Stress and coping theories , < http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~schuez/folien/Krohne_Stress.pdf > Mettler, S 1998, ‘Acculturation, communication, apprehension, and language acquisition’, Community Review , vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 97-108. Nielsen, P 2005, ‘Practice note: An international dimension in practice teaching’, Review of Education , vol. 51 no. 2, pp. 525-531. Olson, MA 2012, ‘English-as-a-second language (ESL) nursing student success: A critical review of literature’, Journal of Cultural Diversity , vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 26-32. Sanner, S, Wilson, AH & Samson, LF 2002, ‘The experiences of international nursing students in a baccalaureate nursing program’, Journal of Professional Nursing, vol. 18 no. 4, pp. 206-213. Selvadurai, R 1998, ‘Problems faced by international students in American colleges and universities’, Community Review , vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 153-167. Sherry, M, Thomas, P & Chui, WH 2010, ‘International students: A vulnerable student population’, Higher Education , vol. 60 no. 1, pp. 33-46. Simpson, J & Cooke, M 2010, ‘Movement and loss: Progression in tertiary education for migrant students’, Language and Education , vol. 24 no. 1, pp. 57-73. Valez-McEnvoy, M 2010, ‘Faculty role in retaining Hispanic nursing students’, Creative Nursing , vol. 16 no. 2, pp. 80-83. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Identification of social and structural factors 3. Comparison and contrast 4. Conclusion 5. Reference List Introduction Adult learning helps a person adjust to the new technological developments and requirements of employees. Additionally, some old people do not have the sufficient literacy skills that are indispensable for every individual who lives in the modern society (Myers & Broucher, 2006). Thus, it is necessary to fill these gaps. Various stakeholders should work together to provide better opportunities for those people who should acquire new knowledge and skills. Much attention should be paid to the social and structural factors that can impact a person’s experiences and his/her attitudes towards continuous education. These issues can be better discussed by examining the report written by Myers and Broucher (2006). Identification of social and structural factors It is possible to distinguish several structural factors that impact adult education. In particular, one should focus on the policies adopted by the state. For instance, the government attaches importance to the so-called Workplace Skills Initiative. This program is supposed to help workers acquire new skills (Myers & Broucher, 2006, p. 50). Secondly, much attention should be paid to the strategies adopted by educational organizations. Currently, many colleges and universities design programs that are intended for adult learners. Nevertheless, governmental institutions should develop more inclusive policies that can support such students. Comparison and contrast At the same time, social factors also play a significant role. In this case, one should discuss the family environment of a person. For instance, people are more likely to continue their education, if they have many family responsibilities (Myers & Broucher, 2006, p. 30). This argument can apply to individuals who have children. As a rule, people cannot cope with this task provided that they do not receive support from their relatives (Ostrouch & Ollagnier, 2008, p.69). Additionally, the attitudes of employers can be viewed as an important variable. For instance, some of them decide to promote the learning of workers. In contrast, other companies prefer to hire those employees who already have the necessary professional qualifications. The main similarity between social and structural factors is that both of them can profoundly affect people’s readiness and willingness to acquire new knowledge and skills. Moreover, they can shape a person’s perceptions of his/her ability to pursue their studies. For example, an individual can adopt a more favorable attitude towards adult learning if there are efficient educational policies. Moreover, this person can feel more confident if he/she is encouraged by family members (Ostrouch & Ollagnier, 2008, p.69). However, they are important distinctions should be considered. In particular, social factors cannot be easily controlled or modified by the government. For instance, this institution cannot change the family responsibilities of a person. Furthermore, public officials cannot transform HR practices of businesses. Another distinction is that structural factors influence practically every social group. In contrast, social factors affect people when they interact with their employers, community organizations, or family. These distinctions should be considered by educators and policy-makers. Conclusion To some degree, this discussion suggests that the government should create policies mitigating the adverse impacts of social factors. For instance, educational programs offered to adult learners should be more flexible in terms of scheduling. Moreover, these practices should be made more family-centered because this approach can minimize the conflicts between adult learners and their relatives (Hill, 2011). Currently, these issues are not sufficiently addressed by Canadian policy-makers. Nevertheless, legislators recognize the complexity of this task. Moreover, they want to understand the factors affecting people’s attitude towards continuous education. Thus, they are more likely to design more efficient policies. Reference List Hill, L. (2011). Adult Education for Health and Wellness: New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, Number 130 . New York, NY: John Wiley & Son. Myers, K., & Broucher, P. (2006). Too Many Left Behind: Canada’s Adult Education and Training System . Toronto, Canada: Canadian Policy Research Networks. Ostrouch, J., & Ollagnier, E. (2008). Researching Gender in Adult Learning . New York, NY: Peter Lang. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Euro Area Debt Crisis, Its Causes and Challenges Essay Mathew Higgins and Thomas Klitgaard explore the impact of heavy borrowing by countries within the Eurozone area before 2010. The authors observe that majority of the countries are suffering from a debt crisis. In this context, it is evident that a debt crisis is preceded by a loss of investor confidence. In most cases, private investors disregard lending services to debt-ridden countries. To understand the circumstances of European countries with a debt-crisis, the authors explain the causes and challenges associated with the same. From the article, the sovereign debt crisis started before 2010 and still ongoing in several countries within the Eurozone area. Countries such as Greece, Ireland, and Portugal are known for the debt crisis prompting an intervention from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (Higgins and Thomas 1). The authors explain the sovereign debt crisis in the Eurozone area by associating the same with continued foreign borrowing. The emergence of the European Economic and Monetary Union was a major factor that led to heavy borrowing from foreign investors. Interestingly, countries such as Greece and Portugal did not suffer from the debt crisis during the late 1990s. The article identifies low-interest rates as a factor that led to increased use of foreign capital in supporting domestic consumption. In this context, the periphery countries such as Greece failed to focus on productivity-enhancing investments. By focusing on Greece, the authors highlight the large current account deficits that persisted for many years. In any case, Greece was embroiled in a vicious cycle of fiscal austerity measures to counter the continuous credit risks. In addition, the country’s economic position before 2010 was characterized by a frail fiscal deficit, low tax revenues, a housing boom, and ailing bank sectors. In this context, it is difficult to determine whether Greece and other European periphery countries will manage to restore private investment inflows and markets in the future. The authors’ explanation about borrowing and lending by countries within the euro area suggests that Greece had already experienced saving imbalances prior to 2007. In fact, this is evidenced by a deficit of 10% to 15% of the GDP by the end of the same year. The creation of a common currency especially through the European Union was detrimental to Greece. Apparently, Greece was used to high inflation that is critical to the devaluation of currencies. Devaluation of the Greece’s currency resulted in lower interest rates for borrowed money. Although such a strategy was meant to encourage foreign investors, it resulted in increased current account deficits. From this perspective, the strategy discouraged foreign investors from establishing operations in Greece. From an economic perspective, high current account deficits are detrimental to a country’s credit worthiness. According to a saving-investment matrix, the risks associated with a current account deficit depend on higher investment or reduced savings. In the case of Greece, the current account deficit developed as a result of reduced savings. Consequently, this resulted in increased domestic consumption and potential debt crisis. Before the emergence of the global financial crisis in 2008, Greece’s savings had reduced by 8% of GDP in the previous year. Another strategy of understanding the economic situation in Greece is the analysis of private consumption spending. However, this is only applicable for the country’s real estate investments. Apparently, the consumption spending on private real estate investments increased rapidly between 2003 and 2008 before the decline in subsequent years. Moreover, the authors explain the increased household debt ratio as a key indicator of the deteriorating economic situation in Greece. For example, the household debt ratio for Greece has increased from 26% to 75% between 1999 and 2007 (Higgins and Thomas 5). Greece’s competitiveness in external markets is decimal compared to other countries within the European Union. The unit labor cost in Greece has increased by about 15%, therefore, lack of competitiveness. In addition, the country’s lack of competitiveness is caused by a slow growth in exports. Since the inclusion of Greece in the Eurozone area, the country’s lack of competitiveness is attributed to the new trade regulations within the European Union’s trading block. A comparison of Greece with other European periphery countries such as Spain, Portugal and Ireland reveals that IMF and other Eurozone establishments are critical to reviving the country’s economy. The immediate response by the Eurozone countries and the IMF was bail Greece from the debt crisis. The gradual process of ensuring that Greece improves competitiveness has been promoted through a weak exchange rate. In addition, the IMF has advocated the abolition of strict regulations against foreign investors. The idea is to improve productivity among the country’s manufacturers and foreign investors. The Eurozone countries through the ECB control saving imbalances from the member states. In this context, the ECB has assumed the mandate of regulating operations of the central banks. The Eurosystem ensures that the country’s saving imbalances are regulated using other central banks within the Eurozone. For example, the country’s central bank can transfer functions to a similar financial institution within the European Union. Work Cited Higgins, Matthew and Thomas Klitgaard. “Saving imbalances and the euro area sovereign debt crisis.” Current Issues in Economics and Finance 17.5 (2011). Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Planning Phase of Research Project Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Literature search strategy 3. Hypothesis formulation 4. Final preparations Introduction So far, I understand that preparations are essential as they influence the success of my research project. In the planning phase, I identified the research question related to my area of interest and formulated possible outcomes that I would obtain from my participation in this project. The planning also helped me in the identification of the necessary tools needed to accomplish this research, such as the SPSS and literature review. In this phase, I continued to look for more ways I could improve to boost my confidence before the actual experiment. Literature search strategy In the first phase, I reported that my area of study would be on drosophila species. Therefore, I was advised to read more reviews related to my area of focus, which would help in the formulation of a research hypothesis. As a result, I was told to look more into the literature research strategy as it defines ways to search online databases in a consistent and structured manner that would save time. I learned that the quality literature search strategy helps in gathering the evidence necessary in identifying gaps in the literature. I noted several steps are needed when developing a search strategy. * Defining and noting the research questions * Identifying and recording special terms, phrases, and keyword * Identify keyword synonyms using a dictionary * Determine the research time frame * Consider the learning materials needed, such as journals and books. * Identify the databases to obtain the information I followed these guidelines to search for some books and journals I will use during the research. I noted the main research question as “What are the thermal effects on the fertility of female drosophila Zaprionus?” I formulated search phrases, such as the “thermal effects on female drosophila Zaprionus” and “impact of heat on the fertility of female drosophila Zaprionus.” I used Google Scholar to test the effectiveness of the two search phrases. I did not put any limitations on the timeframe, and I managed to obtain about 880 articles. I will need to perform more limitations to identify relevant materials from the identified articles. I was advised that having a search partner helps in organizing thoughts prior to conducting research. Hypothesis formulation I was also advised to start reading about the formulation of the hypothesis. Therefore, I conducted some research where I learned hypotheses in a study help to prove or disprove an observed event. In this case, an observed event will be measuring the thermal effects on the fertility of female drosophila Zaprionus. I also learned that if an event cannot be measured, then the hypothesis cannot be tested. The hypothesis is designed using an “if-then” statement. The experiment will increase or decrease the heat and note the impact it has on the fertility of the drosophila. If the measurements change, then the hypothesis is accepted. Otherwise, the hypothesis is rejected. Final preparations In the next phase, I intend to work closely with the laboratory technicians to search for the experiment materials. This process will help in ensuring that everything is ready if the research project is to be finished within the provided timeframe. I will also learn about the concept of research writing. I read some of the reports submitted by other students to familiarize myself with academic writing and the required format. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Risks in an Organization and Ability to Manage Them Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction In every organisation, there are some key management decisions about management, which play a pivotal role in determining the performance of an organization. Managers have the ability to control these variables in their attempt to optimize on various things which affects an organization. One of these practices is the risk management. In every business, the managers often find themselves faced with a wide range of risks. The success of an organization is determined by its ability to manage these risks. Discussion Poor risk management can lead to a complete death of an organization (Ferreira, not dated). The long term performance of an organization is significantly determined by the company’s ability to detect and act upon any threatening risk. Risks can come from different angles. They can come from within an organization (internal risks) as well as outside an organization (external risks) (Sekhar, 2005). In the current business world, risk management has become more important than ever. The market has become highly competitive and, therefore, it requires every organization to have the ability to detect the exposure to risks as well as the best methods to solve particular problems. Ability to manage risks has a significant impact on the competitive advantage. In many cases, an organization may be forced to take a risk as a way of advancing its efforts to realize its goals or visions. In other words, leaders in an organization may take steps of which they are not sure of their possible consequences. In such cases, an organization takes a risk. The action taken may help an organization in realizing profits and it may also dip it into losses (Ferreira, not dated). It, therefore, needs risk management skills to anticipate and prepare for such risks. In business, there are different types of risks. One of the main types of risk in business is venturing into a new market. In order to expand its market network, an organization needs to invest extra amount of money. However, this poses a risk because the new market may fail. The managers are not sure that their product will succeed in the new market. Another type of risk is financial risk. In some cases, an organization may be forced to take a loan in order to invest in a certain field. Such sources of capital carry risks because the organization must pay with interests. The risk rises from the fact that an organization is not always sure whether the new venture will end up to profits or losses. However, the risk managers should make the necessary assessment in the new market in order to minimize the impacts of risks. The process of risk management plays a pivotal role in overall performance of an organization. One of the most important steps in risk management is identification of the problem. This directs the risk managers on how to handle a certain problem. According to Bunyan (2006), it is necessary to consider whether a certain solution will solve the problem partially or completely. In order to have a successful risk management process, it is necessary to allocate adequate funding to the risk management program. Conclusion In conclusion, this discussion has clearly shown that risk management is an important practice in every organization. Risk management prepares an organization in early risk detection which reduces the impact of such risks to an organization. Risks can be very dangerous to the overall performance of an organization if not properly handled. It is, therefore, advisable for every organization to take the necessary measures in order to improve their risk management processes. The risk managers are obliged with the responsibilities of detecting risks early enough and then acting accordingly to compress these risks. Reference List Bunyan, N. (2006). Managing Risk and Business Security. Retrieved from https://www.ca.com/us.html Ferreira, G. (n.d.). Best practices for Risk Management. Web. Sekhar, (2005) . Management Control Systems: Text and Cases. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It has its roots is Mesopotamian environs and has continued to spread to other countries through different mechanisms. A formal definition of this vice is the recruitment and transportation of persons under either duress or abduction for purposes of exploitation. The exploitation ranges from rendering of prostitution services to compulsory labour. Studies indicate that most of the victims of this heinous crime are women and children emanating from poor family backgrounds 1 . Promises of a good life and the absence of education opportunities for women have led to the increased levels of human trafficking. Human traffickers often study the weaknesses of their victims before coming up with the most effective way to lure them into their trap. Human trafficking can be perceived to consist of three elements. The first element is the perpetration of the act. It can entail the conscription, the carrying or harboring of persons. The second element relates to how the action is achieved. For instance, this trade is known to succeed through forceful abduction, coercion, deception or purchase from the bearer of the victim. The last element refers to the purpose for the exercise. The process is often done for exploitation purposes that include sexual molestation, forced labour or, in other instances, for the removal of organs. According to the recent statistics, more than seventeen thousand foreigners are trafficked into United Sates. In addition, the numbers of those being trafficked within the country is greater than seventeen thousand. Presently, the greatest purpose for human trafficking is sexual exploitation, which has created a loophole for the spread of HIV to different parts of the world today. Poverty is considered the greatest catalyst of human trafficking. Statistics indicate that lack for funds to educate oneself have resulted in the huge unemployment levels, especially among women, in the developing countries 2 . Lack of decent ways of earning an income has left people with no other alternative than to engage in sex trafficking. In addition, parents have been reported to sell their daughters into slavery and prostitution dungeons to obtain funds to feed other members of the family. Therefore, among of the most efficient methods of combating human trafficking is the reduction of poverty levels and ensuring literacy levels are increased as much as possible. Various governments have realized the speed at which this trade is taking root and are beginning to put in place measures to combat the vice. Consequently, a number of countries are members of the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (UN.GIFT), a body formed to monitor the incidences of this trade. The body has ten major objectives. First, it tries to create awareness of the existence of human trafficking and tries to mobilize people to put an end to it. Secondly, its tries to educate the vulnerable groups while alleviating the contributing factors. It also tries to ensure law enforcement agencies in different member countries are on the look out to apprehend traffickers besides ensuring there are enough resources for such activities. The effects of human trafficking do not cease with the victim. It also takes a toll on the offspring left behind without a provider. Moreover, the children may be forced to undergo psychological abuse, hardship, lose trust in people or live with fear for their safety. Children are the future of any nation. Therefore, a nation that wishes to secure its future must invest in ways of ensuring they put an end to human trafficking. Bibliography Shelley, L., Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2010. Footnotes 1 L. Shelley, Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2010 , p.23 2 Ibid., p.196. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
African Americans-Prejudice and Discrimination Essay Introduction The history of African Americans can be traced back to 1600s. It is thought that the first African American set his foot in the U.S. between 3100-2100 B.C (Schaefer, 2011, p.14). The number of African American has since grown to over 42 million people according to the latest census report (Schaefer, 2011, p.14). This accounts for about 11% of the U.S. population making it one of the largest minority groups today. Furthermore, this number is projected to rise to over 100 million in the next 40 years due to increased immigration of African American into the United States. However, Schaefer (2011, p.18) notes that African Americans have faced many challenges ever since their arrival in the U.S. The challenges range from prejudice, discrimination, and racism among others that they have had to overcome during the last centuries. This paper discusses issues of prejudice and discrimination that African Americans have had to overcome over the last decades. African Americans have had to overcome a number of challenges since they were first brought to the U.S. by Europeans at about 1600s (Laouenan, 2010, p.3). Report indicates that the African Americans were brought into the U.S. as slaves to work in European farms and industries (Schaefer, 2011, p.21). Soon afterwards the white population flourished thereby increasing slavery. The increase in slavery also increased racism in which African Americans were being racially abused and battered by the white Americans. In fact, slavery was made legal in America in 1641 when the State of Massachusetts passed a law legalizing slavery (Laouenan, 2010, p.3). As slaves, the African Americans were subjected to hard labor in poor working environment. In fact, many African Americans perished because of hard labor they were being subjected to as slaves. As time progressed, Kain (1968, p.34) reveals that racism flourished in America in which African Americans were racially abused and harassed by the white Americans. This is based on prejudice in which African Americans were perceived to be a primitive populace that does not deserve mixing with the rest of the population. This was particularly witnessed in the famous Jim Crow era of 1890-1940, which is associated with prejudice against African Americans (Laouenan, 2010, p.11). During this era, several laws were enacted in America that allowed for segregation of public facilities for blacks and whites. In this regard, African Americans were barred from attending schools reserved for their white counterparts (Kain, 1968, p.36). The same applied to hospitals and transport facilities in which the front seats were a preserve for the whites. In addition, Jim Crow era saw blacks being deprived of voting rights, in addition to being deprived the right to pursue formal education (Laouenan, 2010, p.9). As a result, those who disobeyed these laws were brutally murdered by their white counterparts. African Americans also faced the challenge of racial discrimination in places of employments in which it was not easy for blacks to find good jobs. Those who were able to get jobs were poorly paid than their white counterparts (Kain, 1968, p.41). In addition, racial discrimination saw African Americans being denied access to decent housing as they were being forced to live in informal settlements. Despite all these forms of prejudice and discrimination, African Americans have managed to overcome quite a number. This began during the civil war in which African Americans stood to fight against prejudice and discrimination. It also took the effort of African American civil right activists such as Martin Luther King who fought tirelessly against oppression of African Americans (Kain, 1968, p.42). In fact, America can today be seen as a single society without discrimination and prejudice. Conclusion It is undeniable that African Americans have faced many challenges in the U.S. ranging from prejudice to racial discrimination. Nevertheless, African Americans have overcome most of these challenges making America one of the best countries to live in and work. This is because many African Americans today hold senior positions in America, something that was not possible in the past. This is also evident from the fact that today America is led by President Barack Obama whose father happened to hail from Kenya in Africa. References Kain, J. (1968). Housing segregation, Negro employment, and metropolitan decentralization. Quarterly Journal of Economics , 82 (1), 32-59. Laouenan, M. (2010). Prejudice and Wage Discrimination against Blacks in the US: Spatial Mismatch at the National Level. GREQAM & Sciences-Po , 10(2), 1-30. Schaefer, R. T. (2011). Racial and Ethnic Groups (13 th edn). New York, NY: Pearson Education, Limited. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Perceptions of Aging Adults Essay Perceptions about aging differ from person to person, generation to generation, and country to country. This paper sets out to explore the difference between grandparents and baby boomers; whether baby boomers are younger, energetic, or are similar; the differences in our perceptions of aging today versus 30 years ago, the image that comes in our minds when we think about older adult today compared to 30 years ago and finally, propose the ideal age of older adults. Our perceptions of adults are influenced by our cultural backgrounds, time, and social environment. In my view, grandparents or older adults are those people who provide expertise in important decision-making forums, have wisdom, provide leadership in controversial circumstances, are averse to things, socialize the new generations about the beliefs, values, norms, and traditions in that community or society (Cole, 1992). Compared with the baby boomers, grandparents are more knowledgeable in our cultural issues. There is a difference between grandparents and baby boomers in terms of energy and age. Whether the baby boomers are younger, more energetic, or the same, is subject to the perceiver. Nowadays, older adults are active and like exercising in order to keep fit and healthy. They are staunch believers in modern-day medicine and they watch keenly what they consume. They consume those foods that are said to be ‘traditional’ – cooked without additives. Older adults like sporting activities, traveling, and other hobbies. A difference between the past generations, the baby boomers and the older adults is that the former is believed to be less important and not much vibrant about living. Also, older people lead a healthy lifestyle and live a sort of like ‘giving back’ life to their bodies. In the event of any physical challenge or would like to know more about ways to remain energetic and appear younger. They visit the internet to read about healthy life and healthful living. This attitude of the older citizens is very important to their bodies. As the aging process begins, the preferences in life change. Generally, some of the significant issues like career, child upbringing, and financial freedom are not important to older people. Therefore, it is imperative for the baby boomers to be more relaxed, more adaptable, and lead a stress-free life. This is the most pressing issue to the baby boomers and even to the present-day generations. The old acknowledge that living a simple life and finding someone to reveal your feelings is vital compared to thinking about financial freedom and social status. Today, there are significant differences in how we perceive aging adults versus 30 years ago. Things have drastically changed. Old age life is not the same as the past generations old age experiences. Over three decades ago, 60 years the beginning of aging In the past years, many people were persuaded that elders lived a comfortable life. They think that in the pre-industrial era, a few people lived to old age and those who made it were honored. A renowned British historian, Pat Thane, noted that because of the prevailing conditions at that time, our forefathers were threatened by health issues of old age, not only in western countries but also in the rest of the globe (Thane, 2000). However, nowadays, most elders are free from ailments, struggles of old age, or any other suffering that were common in the past centuries. In the past, old people were not as few as compared to date. But, instead of appreciating this tremendous progress made in the changes in the lives of the elderly, policymakers, economists and other stakeholders are troubled about taking care of the increasing numbers of the elderly. The image that comes to mind when I think of an older adult today versus 30 years ago is old people are wise, good, caring, gray-haired, have wrinkles, use a walking stick, a man or woman with historical stories that are interesting, and has more experience when it comes to life issues. The old people are mostly taken to be grandparents. The old people range from 60 years and above. In conclusion, different people all over the world have different perceptions about the baby boomers and senior citizens. In a nutshell, the diverse views of the people whether negative or positive are more or less the same across the world. Older people in society need love, care, and quality health care to enjoy a decent life (Nelson, 2002). References Cole, R., (1992). The Journey of Life : A Cultural History of Aging in America . London: Cambridge University Press. Nelson, T. D. (2002). Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Thane, P., (2000). Old Age in English History: Past Experiences, Present Issues. London: Oxford University Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Lenin and the Theory of Bolshevism Essay The story One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich depicts life grievances and hardship caused by Soviet system and Bolshevism to ordinary citizens like Ivan Denisovich Shukhov. In this story, Solzhenitsyn unveils drawbacks and limitations of the Lenin’s views and their consequences for an ordinary man. Repressions and spying was a result of Soviet ideology and the suppression of local initiative. Thus, it is possible to find the roots of these problems in Lenin’s April Theses promulgated dominance of the working class and struggle against dissidents. The main thesis which influenced the course of Russian history was a strong leadership role of the Party. Solzhenitsyn unveils that the party ruled lives of people and determined their destiny. The use of “cellule” for the smallest party units, and “rayon” for the next level of regional organization were typical for camps. The most lasting effect of Stalinization was the proletarianization of the party leadership. Leninism initially rationalized the existence of a disciplined revolutionary party made up of intellectuals and downwardly mobile persons claiming to be the avante-garde of the working class. Solzhenitsyn unveils that even in concentration camps the Party paid special attention to propaganda and ideology: “There were three artists in the camp. They painted pictures for the bosses, free, and also took turns painting numbers on work parade.” (Solzhenitsyn). Many of the characteristics associated with Stalinism were a logical consequence of the party’s dominance. April Theses shows that the Bolsheviks spontaneously opened their ranks to politically conscious workers only during the revolutionary months of 1917. The Party very early became a mass party led by bureaucrats recruited through a deliberate policy of selecting the most talented of the workers for special training and promotion. Stalinist bureaucratic techniques proved to be adaptable for specifically internal reasons. While they did nothing to help the Bolsheviks achieve revolution, they did effectively block integration. The unschooled workers who came to leadership positions looked for guidance to the USSR. The Russians obliged by providing advisers and policy directives which could be mechanically applied. The Lenin’s Theses provided a justification for the elite’s domination and conceptual tools easy to master and adequate to explain the world in which the party operated. The promotion of proletarian literature and socialist-realist art helped insure that workers would continue to dictate to intellectuals rather than the reverse. When the party entered political coalitions, however, its mode of co-opting elites came into conflict with the values of the new social strata to which the party had to appeal. Solzhenitsyn portrays: “The zeks go in through the camp gates like warriors returning from a campaign — blustering, clattering, swaggering: “Make way there, can’t you!” (Solzhenitsyn). Strict order and dominance of the ruling elite was established in Lenin’s thesis. Given these contradictions, internal struggles invariably erupted within the party leadership, always carefully hidden to prevent nonCommunist opinions and attitudes from weighing in the outcome. Indications of struggle could be gleaned from the party press, however, and the party oscillated back and forth in its line. The structure and Bolsheviks’ views were reflected in April Thesis: “The masses must be made to see that the Soviets’ of Workers. As long as this government yields to the influence of the bourgeoisie, to present a patient, systematic, and persistent explanation of the errors of their tactics, an explanation especially adapted to the practical needs of the masses” (Lenin). The horrors of the Soviet system were a result of ideology stipulated by Lenin. Communist party organization became a corollary of colonial classification. Conscientious objection, while courageous, was individualist and unsuitable for mass emulation. Desertion was cowardice and sabotage treason. Lenin taught that the duty of a Communist was to depart for any war into which he had been conscripted and carry on the (party) struggle where circumstances placed him. In order to fulfill this thesis, Stalin introduced concentration camps as the main tool of oppression and civil control. The Party was not against nationalization. But it was fearful of the electoral consequences of too radical an image and stressed that only the largest industries were ripe for takeover. Nothing was sacred except the strong ideology protected with state control. Lenin states: “As long as we are in the minority we carry on the work of criticizing and exposing errors and at the same time we preach the necessity of transferring the entire state power to the Soviets of Workers’ Deputies, so that the people may overcome their mistakes by experience” (Lenin). This thesis reflects life and ideology of the camp where the Bolshevists reserved the highest category of associated state, denoting equal and independent status. In sum, Solzhenitsyn reveals that life experiences and hardship faced by his character were inevitable stipulated and promulgated by Lenin in 1917. Solzhenitsyn unveils that concentration camps and strict control were the main tools used by Stalin but the ideology and dominance of workers as a social class been promulgated in April Theses by Lenin Works Cited Lenin, V. April Thesis . n.d. Web. Solzhenitsyn, A. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich . n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Multiple Insurance Contracts and Customer Behavior Research Proposal Table of Contents 1. Statement of the Research 2. Goals and objectives 3. Background 4. Design 5. Project Timeline 6. Anticipated Result 7. References There is an emerging trend in which insurance companies offer discount for multiple insurance contracts, and have resulted to various scenarios. Some experts in the insurance company sector argue that offering multiple services by the same insurance company does not guarantee that the customer will stick with them. There are some of consideration that must be taken in focus, for example, the terms and scope of the cover. However, previous studies have shown that, there is a likelihood of two scenarios to occur. Some customers would prefer differential services from multiple companies, for example, house insurance in one company and car insurance in another. Other customer would prefer to have all their services under one insurance company (Schindler 23). Statement of the Research The research aims at studying how multiple insurance contracts will affect customers’ decision when choosing their services from a variety of insurance companies. Goals and objectives * Goal: This study will help to understand the dominant pattern in the insurance companies and comprehend why some of the companies have established multiple insurance services. * Objective: The study will provide useful information to insurance companies, which will significantly help them in policy making, pertaining to their strategies in multiple insurance services. Background Offering discounts for multiple insurance contracts is a trend that emerged in 1990s. Insurance firms such as, State Farm emerged as one of the most reputable insurance firms offering diverse services to its clients. State Farm offers a wide category of services which includes: house, car and banking services. State Farm has achieved success through offering differential services at a competitive rate in the market. Discount and the multiple services have captured a large composition of the market. Customer finds more appropriate to acquire all their insurance and banking services under one roof. However, as a result of diversity in offering of services, State Farm has experienced a number of challenges (Stevens 17). Customers have always complained about poor services, and it follows that the company has less concern over their issues. Operating insurance firms who offer diverse services such as discounts for multiple contracts is not an easy task. Insurance companies must have reliable information concerning the market needs and strive to offer the best service to their clients. Customers, on the other hand, need to know the trend, by insurance companies, to offer multiple insurance contracts so that they can make the right choice when demanding insurance services (Stevens 17). Design The research will target a population of 60 households in Michigan State. A random sampling will engage 30 households that prefer using insurance firms offering multiple services, and 30 households that prefer services from different insurance firms. The study will randomly pick the respondents from different social and economic background: rich, middle class, poor families. The study will use a formal questionnaire with comprehensive questions regarding, their satisfaction with the insurance company, efficiency of the service offered, rate charged, experience, and their likelihood to shift to other insurance firms. Table containing the data collected will be drawn in numeric figures, which will provide useful information for analysis purpose. Project Timeline The first step in preparation of the study will initiate a field study of the households where the research intends to collect data. This will be helpful in gauging their cooperation, accessibility, language to use in questionnaires, and estimating the cost of the study. A formal letter will be send to the 60 households requesting them to participate in the study three weeks before the study. The research will involve 6 members who will present the questionnaires to 10 households each and will take a maximum of 2 days to complete the study. Compiling and cross checking of the data collected will take a day, before analysis (Kolb 9). Anticipated Result The study will provide varying result concerning consumer choice and preference of either single insurance firm or multiple insurance firms offering discounts. The research bases on different categories of consumers with varied social, economic background. The respondents also have diverse information concerning services offered by insurance firms and different priorities altogether. The study expects to find low income earner more inclined to insurance companies offering multiple contracts as compared to high income earners and informed respondents. This attributes to the fact that discount and less hustle will make them prefer getting insurance service under one insurance provider. Less informed respondents will tend to prefer using insurance firms they already know, and will depict a high resistance to change to other emerging companies for fear of the unknown. High income earner will tend to show a more inclination towards insurance firms offering single service at a time than the other two respondents groups. This attributes to the fact that, they are more concerned with quality services than discounts offered. This group is also more informed and thus their choice of decision will depend on overall services that will give them the greatest satisfaction. However, a disproportion pattern in preference among the respondents will occur, as social and other factors will direct their choice of insurance firm. The image and service provided by the insurance firms will play a significant role to determine customers’ choice. References Kolb, Bonita M. Marketing Research: A Practical Approach . Los Angeles: SAGE, 2008. Internet resource. Schindler, Roberrt M. Pricing Strategies: A Marketing Approach . New Delhi : SAGE Publication Inc, 2002. Print. Stevens, Robert E. The Marketing Research Guide . New York: Haworth Press, 1997. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Live for Today, Save for Tomorrow” by Carla Fried Essay The article discusses the importance of saving and, more specifically, for workers to continue working beyond their retirement age. Fahlund Christine and T. Rowe Price support the idea of people saving for retirement. Fahlund argues that individuals can stop saving for retirement after attaining age 60, and they can use the money they were putting into their savings account and spend it on enjoyment, such as having more trips. The article discusses the benefits of “practice retirement” (Fried, 2012). The article postulate that for individuals to get such benefits need to have made significant savings by the time they attain age 60, and they also need to commit themselves to work past their early 60s. In addition, the article argues that individuals must use the income they are earning after attaining age 60 while their savings and social security benefits remain untouched in order to gain value. The article also demonstrates the way in which individual’s retirement can become more comfortable in the event that they worked well into their 60s (Fried, 2012). Individuals are viewed as to preserve their savings as well as delaying their social security when they work past their 60s. According to the article, “practice retirement” should be undertaken after an individual has saved a healthy sum of money in the account (Fried, 2012). The article also argues that when individuals work for an extra year after their retirement age, they are able to considerably increase their eventual retirement income by 9 percent on average. Individuals are also urged to avoid going into retirement with debts. Individuals can benefit from using their savings during situations such as when they lose job, when they get sick and even in the event that market collapsed (Fried, 2012). Article Reflection The article is quite interesting since it demonstrates a possible way that can be adopted by individuals in order to have a guarantee of a less problematic future. The discussed concept seems to be applied by most political leaders all over the world. For instance, most of the past and present African presidents and senior leaders have remained in offices past their 60s and at most times they have even advocated for people to work beyond their retirement age. I have come across several retirees who were once very rich and had made several savings before retirement, and now have already cleared their savings and are struggling to survive due to financial problems (Bodie, 2000). The article to some extent gives advice to individuals who have attained the retirement age to consider the option of extending their employment after the early 60s. This is because of the several advantages that accrue to individuals in the event that they do not start using their savings and social security benefits after retirement. Again, working for additional years after attaining retirement age may imply that one’s retirement savings may not stretch over for many years (Utkus, 2000). Additionally, one’s savings are able to grow at a faster rate if an individual works even until 70 years. Again, when individuals delay claiming their social security they are able to lock in a higher payout in the event that they hold off. Individuals are also able to reduce their out-of-pocket costs related to health care. I can apply the concepts of the article to my own life. This is due to the fact that the “practice retirement” can help me in enjoying my life after retirement. In addition, as I work to my late 60s or 70s, I am able to keep myself physically fit because the body remains physically active (Utkus, 2000). References Bodie, Z. & Robert, C. M. (2000). Finance, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Fried, C.A. (2012). Live for Today, Save for Tomorrow: What if working longer meant more fun, not less—and a bigger nest egg, too? You can make it happen if you start planning now. AARP The Magazine, pp. 43–44, 60–61. Utkus, S. (2000). Discussion at the Pension Research Council Conference on Financial Innovations for Retirement Income, Wharton School. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Overview of Costco Company Essay This is considered as the largest warehouse chain company in the world. This is so basing on the volumes of sales that are carried out by the company in any given year. The company was founded in 1993 and has undergone several business processes such as mergers to become as successful as it is now. The company merged with Price Club Company to increase its customer base. It has slightly over 150,000 employees all over the world with about 100,000 based in the USA. The company has a substantive mission in which it aims at providing the customers with quality goods and services at the lowest price involving the control of inventory. The company is also guided by a specific code of ethics in which it focuses on caring for both members and employees, respecting the vendors, and rewarding the company’s shareholders. In order to remain ahead of its competition, Costco uses some of the best business processes in its supply chain management. The profitability of the company can be attributed to the fact that it has embraced mechanisms that minimize loses along the supply chain. Costco uses two methods in its operation to minimize costs. The first method is the vendor managed inventory in which the supplier has the responsibility to maintain the inventory levels thereby reducing the labor cost incurred by Costco. The other method involves ‘cross docking’ in which a large fraction of the inventory is kept in several centers that are used in distribution while the rest is kept in the Costco stores. In order to successfully beat other companies in the industry, Costco uses a pricing strategy that involves capping its markup of any given brand name by about 15 %. This is lower compared to other companies that do the sameby between 20 and 25%. In case of a private label the company does the markup by about 16%. The services offered to the customers are usually at prices that can be bargained. The company in its truck applies two systems: one which involves the transportation of goods from the supplier, then to the depots, then the warehouses and finally to the consumers; and the other which involves goods being transported from the supplier directly to the warehouses, then after that, to the consumers. The second mechanism does not involve goods passing through the company’s depots. The vendor managed inventory that is used is managed by the applications at the ConnectionHub. The specific application suite used is the Drop-Ship Master. The suite is crucial to the company for it is used during the integration of new suppliers in the company’s system to enhance the making of quick orders as may be specified by Costco or the customer. Through this system, it is possible for a highly efficient supply management system to be maintained without necessarily getting involved in risk taking or inventory keeping. A single integration point is available at the ConnectionHub for use by Costco. Through this point, it is possible for the company to efficiently contact the suppliers. This quickens the rate at which the goods are moved from the supplier to the consumer and hence consumer satisfaction In conclusion, Costco has effectively developed into a serious company in the supply chain management business. The strategies it applies work successfully and it can be said that these strategies are responsible for the company’s best performance in the market. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Sacred Tales of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Essay Although today Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are often opposed to each, they have many similar elements. Such common features and narratives probably exist because religions developed in the same territory, although they arose at different times, and therefore are closely intertwined. Three sacred tales about Elisha, Jesus, and Muhammad is another confirmation of the similarity of the three religions, although they also demonstrate their differences. The central idea of all three stories is that the prophets of the Lord will perform a miracle by dividing a small amount of food among tens or hundreds of people and help them all satisfy their hunger. In addition, all prophets carry the same message, since a miracle is intended to show people the power of the Lord and help them find faith in him. However, while Jesus and Elisha reach out to all people and offer the path of faith, Muhammad warns his relatives and tries to convince them to join him and spread the words of God. At the same time, forty men see the miracle but do not believe Muhammad and laugh at his words. This distinction is significant for the story, since it makes it more personal and demonstrates that Islam’s spread was a complex process that met with resistance. Although Christianity and Judaism faced similar obstacles, these religions’ stories carry a mood of universal good and the salvation that faith in God brings, rather than the punishment caused by the denial of the Lord. In conclusion, I find these sacred tales understandable and different in mood, albeit similar in context. Although some details, such as the amount of food and people, are different, they describe a similar story. The similarities are probably because of the partly common history of religions and the ideals they preach. However, the difference in the story about Muhammad emphasizes Islam’s peculiarities and its history of development and spread in the world. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Green Computing in Botswana Qualitative Research Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Aim of the Research 3. Research Methodology 4. Study Outcome 5. Recommendations Introduction Green Computing refers to eco-friendly utilization of computers. Green computing is quickly gaining popularity in various organizations and it should not only be seen as an environmental issue, but as a way of making good use of electronic gadgets. The primary goal of green computing is to mitigate the use of harmful resources. Second, it is concerned with efficient utilization of energy in the entire lifetime of electronic equipment. Third, it focuses on encouraging reprocessing of obsolete products and industrial spin-offs. Specifically, green computing ensures that utilization of Information Technology does not harm the environment. Aim of the Research Majority of students and other individuals that have embraced computer technology in Botswana are aware of its benefits, but they are oblivious of its negative consequences. It is against this background this research endeavors to find out the extent to which Botho College community has integrated green strategy into their activities. Research Methodology In conducting this research, a questionnaire was prepared and circulated to both the learners and tutors at Botho Institute. The learners who participated in the survey answered the questions during lecturers. The respondents pursued various disciplines that ranged from IT to accounts. 110 respondents completed the questionnaires. Sampling methodology was applied in assessing the respondents at Botho College. The participants had varied computer competency and experiences. The feedback form was divided into section A and B. Section A had vocabulary quiz that was meant to gauge the extent to which computer users understood green computing. The respondents were asked ten questions that focused on the basic components of eco-friendly computing. Section B of the questionnaire focused on assessing how the respondents handle computers. Questions in this section were scenario-based. For instance, the respondents were asked to explain what they do immediately after accomplishing their computer tasks. Section B was simply examining the energy saving skills of the respondents, especially, when they use electronic appliances. Study Outcome In general, the survey at Botho College revealed that most participants had little or no information regarding green computing. 40.8 percent of the participants responded to section A properly; 59.2 percent of them failed. In section B, only 35.4 percent of students made the right choices. This implies that serious induction on green computing should be carried out at Botho College. The study also demonstrated that most learners and academic staff were ignorant of energy saving skills. Energy saving guidelines was strategically pinned in various class doors. The college does not have energy efficient computers, and they do not monitor their energy saving trends. Thus, it can be concluded that this institution lacks proper strategies on environmental protection. Recommendations These recommendations are drawn from secondary sources such as books and journals that describe the concept of implementing green computing. In order to ameliorate its energy utilization, Botho College should develop a comprehensive policy on environmental protection which should be implemented through eco-friendly computing. Computer procurement should be undertaken with proper consideration of the energy efficiency of the computers to be purchased. Moreover, the school should invest in the latest computer equipment since it is efficient. Lastly, the school should come up with a better strategy of disposing its junk computers. For instance, the college can donate its used computers to charitable trusts and remote communities in Botswana. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Precambrian and Mesozoic Eons in Museum Exhibitions Report The Precambrian and the Mesozoic eons are different periods of life evolution on the Earth that reveals the gradual development of contemporary issues. The Precambrian Period is the earliest period that covers the span of formation of a tectonic plate and the appearance of primitive cell organisms that evolved to the first animals at the end of the period. The Mesozoic eon is a later period of the Earth evolution that is marked by the appearance of sophisticated animals. In addition, this era is known as the age of reptiles and dinosaurs. Both periods are rather distinguishing and the most important in the development of the Earth since they still contain some unknown areas for scholars. The Precambrian era is the least studied period. In this period span from 4500 million years ago up to 452 million years ago when animals divergence appears. The Precambrian era is marked by the most important biological events that triggered the emergence of life on the planet. The Earth formation, tectonic plate movement, eukaryotic cells evolution, and the oxygen revolution highlight this period. Therefore, this eon is the most vital for the Earth’s development and life evolution that was finished by the appearance of the first multicellular organisms. Mesozoic eon covers the period from 248 million to 65 million years ago. The period gave rise to the rapid evolution of reptile species due to the specific warm and mild climate. Hence, dinosaurs were the prevailing animals on land, whereas the ocean was captured by the marine reptiles, and the air was occupied by pterosaurs. Considering the continent’s formation, it underwent significant changes. At the beginning of the period, there existed one continent Pangea that was gradually separated into the continents of the present form. The end of the era was marked by dinosaurs’ extinction, which is still a great mystery for paleontologists. The second museum exhibition was devoted to the study of animals of the Mesozoic era. The exhibition presented the visitors with different kinds of dinosaurs and Archaeopteryx and species of Pterosaurs. Thus, Archaeopteryx is known as the earliest and the most primitive bird that lived in the late Jurassic period. The size of the bird could grow 1.6 feet. Many scholars believe that this “first” bird was a kind of transition between the dinosaurs and birds. According to the presented fossils, the evolved Archaeopteryxes had feathers. Pterosaurs appeared in the late Triassic period. Unlike Archaeopteryx, they have more sophisticated wings so that they are more adjusted to the powered flight. It is wrong to believe that Pterosaurs belonged to dinosaurs since it was a separate and shaped species. As Archaeopteryxes referred to the earlier Mesozoic period than Pterosaurs, it is reasonable to state that the latter is an evolved variant of the latter that completely breaks the tie between the dinosaurs and birds. Both exhibitions helped me to get a deeper idea of the evolution process in the Precambrian and Mesozoic periods. The fossils presented in the exhibition are bright evidence of the transition of animals from primitive cell organisms to sophisticated species. These two periods that refer to different time span enable us to witness the peculiarities of evolution. In addition, the exhibition helped me to understand and differentiate the formation of various species and the main reasons for their extinction. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Assimilation, ethnic pluralism and transnational Essay Assimilation is a term used to refer to different cultural groups moving into a new place or region for settlement. Immediately they settle on their new land, these ethnic groups normally acquire the customs and cultures of those they found in the region through communication. They also normally contribute their own culture to the new society they have inhabited. Assimilation is, however, a gradual process which occurs in different levels: a person becomes fully assimilated when they cannot be differentiated from the original members of the new society. Full assimilation does not occur to the first generation, instead, it occurs to the second generation. There are three types of assimilation, which include cultural assimilation, social assimilation, and identity assimilation. On the other hand, ethnic pluralism/multiculturalism is a term used to describe those people who have moved into new society but are not culturally assimilated; they normally retain their cultural differences. This is the main difference that exists between assimilation and ethnic pluralism. Nevertheless, there is a similarity between the two since full assimilation normally occur to the second generation. This, therefore, means that the first generation in the process of assimilation usually retains their cultural differences just like ethnic pluralism/multiculturalism. The first generation in the process of cultural assimilation is normally good at their native language as compared to the foreign language as they cannot speak fluent English. This is another similarity that exists between assimilation and ethnic pluralism. America is an example of a society with ethnic pluralism; it has multitude of different cultures and ethnic groups. There are two types of ethnic pluralism/multicultural societies, which include dominant majority culture and different persisting ethnic/immigrant cultures. Lastly, transnationalism is any social process that occurs across different national boundaries. This, therefore, means that transnationalism refers to a social phenomenon which involves interconnectivity among the persons and the receding social and economic importance between different states. Transnational migrants are constantly on the move across national borders; they normally do not stay in one country like those who have been assimilated or in the case of ethnic pluralism. This is the main difference that exists between transnationalism, assimilation, and ethnic pluralism. The process of assimilation and multiculturalism/ethnic pluralism involves people moving or migrating to new society, settling there for a long term or permanently and then later on eventually becoming socially and culturally assimilated. However, in transnationalism, individuals move from one nation to another for economic and social purposes. Nevertheless, the main similarity between assimilation, ethnic pluralism and transnationalism is that they all involve movement from one location to another. Unlike the case of assimilation and ethnic pluralism, in transnationalism, migrants maintain social ties and connections with their home country. The migrants usually send and receive things from their native countries. This process is similar to ethnic pluralism whereby individuals maintains contact with their native homes. They can receive and, at the same time, send things to their native country, especially to their loved ones and family. This, however, does not occur in assimilation process. There are two types of transnationalism which include economic transnationalism and political transnationalism. In economic transnationalism, individuals do not only have an impact on their host country economically but also maintain economic ties with their home/native nations. This is whereby individuals send money home to support their family and also maintain business ties with their home country through imports and exports to immigrant communities. The best way for immigrants to adapt to host society is through transnationalism. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Provisions of the Constitution of the United States and the State of Illinois Essay The First Amendment established the fundamental rights of citizens and political associations-parties, unions, associations, and denominations. It is meaningful to note that section 5 in the Illinois Constitution has titled the right to assemble and petition (Greenberg & Page, 2018). It states that citizens may peacefully assemble and consult on matters essential to the community’s common good. However, the Illinois Constitution establishes that citizens also have the right to petition the government to stop malpractices and request that specific problems be resolved. Thus, it could be argued that the State Constitution adopted the fundamental rights of the First Amendment to provide freedom for citizens to decide public issues. It is also essential to mention Article Three of the Illinois Constitution, which established the suffrage of citizens and the right to elections. It is important to note that the origins of this can be seen as far back as the First Amendment because it laid the groundwork for creating parties (Siddali, 2019). Although Article 3 of the Illinois Constitution is more developed because it established that every citizen over 18 years of age has the right to vote, and prisoners for felonies lose their vote. In addition, the Illinois Constitution establishes the exact procedure for the election, specifically states the need for an election commission and begins how the Governor can be recalled. At the same time, the article contains provisions that all elections must be free and equal; thus, this provision is per the fundamental principles laid down in Amendment 1 of the U.S. Constitution. Therefore, Article 3 of the Illinois Constitution, concerning suffrage, is more developed in accordance with the derivative of Amendment 1. While Article 1, Section 5 of the Illinois Constitution is almost identical to Amendment 1. The First Amendment has the most crucial character and profound meaning because it deals with many rights, including freedom of speech, the press, peaceful assembly, and religion. At the same time, the Illinois Constitution also has similar provisions in sections 3 and 4. It is vital to note that they are stated in more detail and list those essential points missing from the Bill of Rights. Among them is freedom of conscience, which in turn should not be interpreted as an excuse for wrongdoing. Furthermore, the right to religion, which enshrines the equality of beliefs and the prohibition of preference for any denomination, has been interpreted in more detail. Section 4 of the Constitution, in turn, analyses the right to freedom of speech, writing, and publication, while at the same time establishing liability for its abuse. Correspondingly, the amendments to the Bill of Rights and the Illinois Constitution have a similar provision on the right to privacy. The Bill of Rights states that people’s homes, papers, and possessions must be protected from searches that have no necessary legal basis. If there is such a need, the Amendment also has a list of conditions that must exist for a warrant to be issued. Section 6 of the Illinois Constitution, in turn, is much like the 4th Amendment, but at the same time, there are differences. The technological process prompted the Illinois Constitution’s more detailed interpretation of the right to privacy (Magliocca, 2018). In addition to the general concept, it also mentions the interception of communications by eavesdropping devices or other means. Thus, both the Bill of Rights and the State Constitution have the same provision, but at the same time, the latter interprets it in more detail. They have minor differences, but their main feature is that they expand rights, not narrow them. This certainly has a positive effect, for the Illinois Constitution has adapted a fundamental right, giving it an even more profound meaning and thus making the individual more protected. References Greenberg, E. S & Page, B. I. (2018). The Struggle for Democracy, 2018 Elections and Updates Edition. (12th ed.). Pearson. Magliocca, G. N. (2018). The heart of the constitution: How the bill of rights became the bill of rights. Oxford University Press. Siddali, S. R. (2019). Creating the Land of Lincoln: The History and Constitutions of Illinois, 1778â 1870 by Frank Cicero Jr. Indiana Magazine of History, 115 (1), 60-61. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Strategic change of the case Sun Microsystems had faced an economic downturn that had seen employee morale run low. For this effect, there was need for change in the way the organization steered ahead. A change management approach was hence designed to better communicate to the employees and get them back on track. This change required appositely designed communication framework. The change was needed to regain the confidence of the employees. This started at developing the KAA model (Knowledge, Attitude, Action model) which would then attempt to shift people’s feeling about a topic and their behavior. Operational change entails navigating from awareness and shifting to action to bring about the desired change. Therefore, the internal communicators have a vital role to play in ensuring that the shifting attitudes of the staff or rather employees of the organization are gathered and geared towards achieving the intended goal. This is done in a four phases starting with the awareness phase. This is the phase where Sun management took initiative to inform the employees of what was happening and informed them the need for change. This stage involved messages being created, making tactic selection and defining the need for the change. The next stage is the understanding phase where dialogue is employed to yield mutual understanding of the situation. At this stage, messages are created for the presenter; the presenter is trained as an effective communicator and then focusing on the impact of change to the people within. Accepting phase is where expectations are set for change. This phase is then followed by the action phase which helps determining what must be done and how this can be done (McKenzie 2007). Alliance Networks case of IBM In this case, IBM introduced a new strategy which created a change from the traditional exploitation strategy to a new one of technology alliance with its partners in business. This change came amid the widely held views that a large firm of that magnitude would not make it if it indeed adopted such a strategy. The earlier model would qualify as an exploitative strategy because it involved extensive enhancement and expansion of existing technologies. Through the alliance networks, IBM explored deeper into new capabilities technologically as well as in terms of expertise and hence it partnered with so many other companies in the network like Toshiba, Daimler, and Hitachi among others (Dittrich et al 2007). Keeping the momentum about distinction between strategic change and operational change The task of maintaining the momentum regarding the goals set lies in the secret of keeping the whole system set and ready to embrace the new strategies. It is a tough charge for the management to ensure that such a change in operation succeeds. Considering that IBM had been a market leader for quite a long time, it was not adequately prepared for fierce competition in the market in terms of defining any strategies to use to encounter the competition in the market. It therefore had a challenge of making a strategic change that would see it move from the initially internally-focused operations to factor in the element of a changing market environment. Several changes were vital for the company to regain its market glory. Hence, system integration was the first strategic change that the new company CEO had to make (Dittrich et al 2007). Another change in the alliance network model was the change from stand-alone PCs to networked model of computing which called for paying attention to services and software rather than just hardware. This could be clearly depicted from its development of the internet strategy as another source of revenue and an added advantage in the competitive edge (Dittrich et al 2007). In summary, we find that change is mandatory for an organization when faced with challenges whether internal or forces within the operating environment. In both the cases, we find that the companies were resuscitated to market after implementation of change. When IBM made the strategic change in 1993, it was brought back to the market glory it had earlier been enjoying. Sun Microsystems too saw an immense recovery after the implementation of the management approach to employee communication. Reference McKenzie T., (2007) “Applying a change management process to employee communication” Melcrum Publishing Ltd.; 14- 17. Dittrich, K., Duysters, G., and Ard-Pieter de Mand, (2007) “Strategic repositioning by means of alliance networks: The case of IBM”. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Managing Conflict and Workplace Relationships Essay Table of Contents 1. Overview 2. Handling the situation 3. Steps to ensure she is heard 4. References Overview The employee is clearly upset or angry because she perceives the rest of the members don’t want her in the group or, do not value here input. Before handling the situation it is important to acknowledge that the workplace is an open forum where different human characters converge and easily breed emotions such as frustrations and anger. In the work place, anger and frustration can be an instrument for change and improvement or a source of downfall for the entire outfit. Conflict may occur in a number of situations at the work place including; an employee (s) in conflict with fellow employees, manager, a different organization or employees factions fighting with one another (Johnson & Axelrod, 2005, p. 75). More often than not, employee anger or frustration is an indication of something not working within the system and it is always a positive sign when it is expresses overtly. Handling the situation A managerial position one hold comes with both supervisory and leadership responsibilities (Shearouse, 2011, p. 90). It is clear she wants a specific issue to be addressed what in this cases matters is that she has someone who listens to her grievances. The manager should therefore listen to the employee’s grievances and assure her that she will find a solution to her problem. It is important for the manner to acknowledge that with new team members, the old order is bound to be disrupted and new dynamics are at play. The manager should assure the employee with an intention to solve the problem as soon as possible since such situations may prove destructive if not sorted promptly. While addressing the situation, the manager should bear in mind that other employees will be watching and his/her ability to show leadership greatly depends on the behaviour displayed. In the case above, it is important for the manager to maintain calmness and approach the situation without any predetermined conclusions. Sometimes, approaching such a situation aggressively may lead to a fight-back or defending oneself which rarely solves issues. Steps to ensure she is heard Most employee anger and frustration situations require private discussions (O’Rourke & Collins, 2008, p. 44). Though it is only one aggrieved employee, the first step the manager has to take is convene an open session with the accused group including the complainant. The session must be held in camera though. In the meeting, the manager should not interrupt. He/she should allow all members to talk freely and exhaustively so long as the discussion is respectful and professional. For those that won’t be willing to talk, the manager will encourage them using a firm but non-defensive tone, especially using questions. After employees have aired their views, the manager should respond to their feelings first and leave the concerned issue for the time being. It is quite helpful at this stage for the manager to use empathy in his/her approach. The manager must never try to prove that either side is wrong. He/she should strive to match both parties’ perceptions without necessarily pointing at which party is wrong. The manager should try to find a common ground between the two; something that both parties agree on. This meant to remind the members that they still work in the same group and for the same organization and cooperation among them is of utmost importance. After the discussion is over it is important for the manager to check whether both parties still harbour ill feelings towards each other. References Johnson, R. & Axelrod, L. (2005). Turning conflict into profit: a roadmap for resolving personal and Organizational Disputes . New York: Routledge. O’Rourke, J. & Collins, S. (2008). Managing Conflict and Workplace Relationships . New York: Cengage Learning. Shearouse, S. (2011). Conflict 101: A Manager’s Guide to Resolving Problems So Everyone Can get back to Work . London: Sage Publications. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Implications for Professionals Involved in Strategic Management Essay (Article) Article Summary Written by Kazaz and Serdar , Strategic Management Practices in Turkish Construction Firms seeks to establish the policies that Turkish construction companies employ in strategic management. The research uses a questionnaire to collect relevant information from the companies. The research established many ideas that professionals need in strategic management. The researchers define strategic management as the use of systematic approaches to lay down a course that an organization should follow and outlines benefits gained by managers for using it as a management tool. Besides, the researchers touch on crisis and risk management as well as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis and its usefulness in strategic management. The research also compares construction companies based on planning. Finally, the research endeavors to distinguish between two interrelated management policies: project management and strategic management Implications for Professionals Involved in Strategic Management The researchers identify crisis and risk management as an important tool in strategic management. The measures managers should take during and after crisis include expenditure reduction; avoidance of credit debts and bank debts after one has paid beyond the interest; “shrinkage through retrenchments, avoidance of new projects and departmental closures; growth control and diversity in business” (Kazaz and Serdar, 192). The SWOT analysis, which is a summary of key business issues and strategic position of the company, is an important tool for planning future actions. Private companies are quick in planning since fund releases are quicker, unlike their counterparts in the public sector. For professionals to prosper in their work, they distinguish between project management and strategic management. Project management is a functional strategy that uses projects to implement the strategies while strategic planning involves use of preventive measures to avoid crises. Works Cited Kazaz, Aynur, and Serdar, Ulubeyli. “ Strategic Management Practices in Turkish Construction Firms.” Journal of Management in Engineering 25.4 (2009):185-193. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Action of Nandrolone on the Cardiovascular, Renal, Blood and Respiratory Systems Report It is an offense to use performance enhancement drugs while engaging in various competitive sports. This is mainly because performance enhancement drugs give athletes an unfair advantage over their competitors. Sportsmen face the risk of huge penalties should regulatory bodies discover that they use performance enhancement drugs. However, this does not deter sportsmen from using performance enhancement drugs. From time to time, various sportsmen fail the test for performance enhancement drugs. Performance enhancement drugs affect the physiology of athletes by increasing their energy and endurance. Nandrolone is one of the most common performance enhancement drugs. Nandrolone is a steroid whose primary function is building muscles. The drug helps in rebuilding damaged tissues and red blood cells. Nandrolone also increases bone density. Increase in bone density is partially responsible for the increase in red blood cells. This makes nandrolone very effective in treating anaemia. Nandrolone also increases appetite and stimulates muscle growth. Increase in muscle growth and strength of bones make nandrolone an excellent performance enhancement drug. Increase in strength is due to nandrolone’s ability to increase the body mass and reduce the fat mass (Baechle & Earle, 2009, p. 185). Nandrolone is an efficient performance enhancement drug in sprinting. This is because sprinting requires high amounts of energy. Nandrolone increases the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Continued use of nandrolone lowers HDL cholesterol and increases LDL cholesterol. Change in the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol coupled with other risk factors lead to a significant increase in the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases. However, nandrolone also increases the activity of post-heparin triglyceride liver. Reduction in post-heparin triglyceride reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases regardless of the levels of LDL cholesterol (Mooney & Vergel, 2000, p. 26). Nandrolone also affects the respiratory system. The drug increases the respiratory muscle strength. This is highly beneficial to patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Increase in muscle strength is due to the increase in diaphragm muscle mass. This increases aerobic metabolism and endurance levels of athletes (Dekhuijzen et al, 1999, p. 1044). The kidney is the main organ that purifies chemicals in the blood. Introduction of drugs into the blood places undue pressure on the kidney. Frequent use of high amounts of nandrolone may cause renal failure as one of the side effects. Despite the fact that one of the side effects of nandrolone is renal failure, patients with end stage renal failure use the drug as an adjuvant therapy to parenteral nutrition (Hasso, 2009, p. 19). Sprinters require vast amounts of energy while competing. Therefore, sprinters go printers go to great lengths to ensure that they accumulate enough energy while competing. This increases their chances of winning their respective races. Nandrolone is one of the major performance enhancing drugs that athletes use. However, it is an offense for athletes’ test samples to test more than 2.0 µg/L of nandrolone. Nandrolone is detectable in urine and hair. The International Olympic Committee penalises athletes who fail the test for nandrolone. Penalties for failing the drug test range from ban for a few years to lifetime ban. Sprinter Marion Jones is one of the high profile athletes who have failed the test for nandrolone. Marion Jones admitted to using nandrolone. Subsequently, the International Olympic Committee striped her Olympic medals she had won (Zimniuch, 2009, p. 128). Marion Jones’ doping admission led to her fall from grace. References Baechle, TR & Earle, RW. 2009. Ebk essentials strength training and condition , Human Kinetics, Champagne, IL. Dekhuijzen, PNR, Machiels, HA, Heunks, L MA, van der Heijden, HFM, & van Balkom, RHH. 1999. ‘Athletes and doping: eVects of drugs on the respiratory system’, Thorax , vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1041-1046. Hasso, RA. 2009. ‘Histological toxic effect of nandrolone decanoate on the kidney of male rabbits: part one’, The Medical Journal of Basrah University , vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 19-22. Mooney, M & Vergel, N. 2000. Built to survive: A comprehensive guide to the medical use of anabolic steroids, nutrition, supplementation and exercise for HIV (+) men and women . Milestones Publishing, Houston, TX. Zimniuch, F. 2009. Crooked: a history of cheating in sports , Taylor Trade Publications. Lanham, MD. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Samsung Electronics Recalls as a Business Issue Essay Not so long ago, Samsung Electronics faced a crucial to their business issue, in the framework of which the company had to recall the whole product line twice. Needless to say that such a solution turned out to be extremely expensive and affected clients’ perception of Samsung Electronics adversely. The company lost more than $5 billion, so enormous attention was paid to the problem. Some of Note 7 products exploded and hurt their owners. Moreover, professionals who investigated this issue claimed that other devices of this type could unexpectedly explode as well. Months of thorough work proved that the root causes were “design and manufacturing flaws associated with the lithium-ion batteries used in the phones, which were produced by Samsung’s battery suppliers” (Baig 2017, para. 1). These drawbacks were associated with two suppliers who were believed to be Samsung SDI and ATL. The batteries used in these devices were made from different materials that were not discussed along with other requirements. The suppliers of Battery A failed to ensure enough space for electrodes, while the suppliers of Battery B committed an abnormal welding process and the absence of the isolation tape in some devices. As initially, the problem occurred only with Battery A, Samsung decided to change these phones for those with Battery B, which proves that they did not realize the necessity to check the parts provided by suppliers even after the incident. Thus, the absence of a timely safety check turned into another issue that affected the final quality of Note 7. In this way, even though the company put particular demands on suppliers, it did not ensure that they were met. All in all, it can be stated that if Samsung Electronics improved its communication with suppliers, it could have avoided the occurrence of issues related to a battery explosion. Ineffective communication, in this situation, impacted both the quality of the product and the company’s performance. It prevented Samsung Electronics from receiving extended information regarding the product that was supplied, reduced checking options, and worsened the overall quality of a phone in this way. Gambetti and Giovanardi (2013) state that communication is vital for successful cooperation between the parties of a supply chain. They emphasize the fact that it allows spreading values and increasing intellectual capital within an organization. As a result, the quality of provided services and products is expected to enhance. Proper communication between the members of a supply chain improves competitive performance dimensions. It ensures the high quality of products, their timely provision, and practices alignment. Having homogenous values, a buyer and supplier are likely to have similar views towards a product, which makes it easier to meet demands. In addition to that, effective communication ensures that parties can clearly state the scope of their demands and opportunities. They can share detailed information that includes all those product peculiarities that can potentially affect their characteristics. According to Jiang, Henneberg, and Naudé (2012), relations between a buyer and a supplier are to develop on the basis of mutual trust and dependence. Professionals believe that these two parties tend to work better if they realize that their actions can affect those they cooperate with, as well as the final quality of a product. However, it is significant to remember that interpersonal relations should not affect business ones adversely. Even though they tend to make a company and its supplier understand one another better, it is significant to ensure that their business operations are not based only on trust. Standard tests and assessments should be used to make sure that all the demands are met, and a product is of high quality. In fact, interpersonal communication and trust that is revealed as a part of them are expected to increase the quality of product or service, providing buyers and their suppliers with an opportunity to share values and code of conduct. They enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of information exchanges but do not cancel any checking procedures. Finally, Yam and Chan (2015) believe that knowledge sharing is vital for cooperating organizations because it provides them with a range of additional opportunities. They emphasize that a buyer-supplier collaboration can be improved as well as manufacturability if unique difficulties are considered along with commitment and trust between the partners. Realizing that they all are responsible for a product and issues related to it, they are expected to recheck everything several times. Taking into consideration the information discussed previously, it can be recommended for Samsung Electronics to improve its communication with suppliers in order to obtain an opportunity to deliver higher quality products to clients. The company should share its values and main concerns with the other parties of its supply chain so that they share them and take into consideration when providing services. An assessment guideline should be developed to check the quality of products on a routines basis. More attention should be paid to the characteristics of the received products. If the company faces quality issues once, it should recheck other products as well to ensure that no problems will be observed further. Reference List Baig, E 2017, Samsung reveals cause of exploding Note 7 cellphones . Web. Gambetti, R & Giovanardi, M 2013, ‘Re-visiting the supply chain: a communication perspective’, Corporate Communications , vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 390-416. Jiang, Z, Henneberg, S & Naudé, P 2012, ‘Supplier relationship management in the construction industry: the effects of trust and dependence’, The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing , vol. 27, no.1, pp. 3-15. Yam, R & Chan, C 2015, ‘Knowledge sharing, commitment and opportunism in new product development’, International Journal of Operations & Production Management , vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1056-1074. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The UAE in Congressional Research Service Reports Essay The open economy and positive social values that are adopted by the UAE have been important in promoting freedoms in the Middle East. However, the 2009 report asserts that some problems have stagnated the rates of economic and political gains. Previously, few controls were aimed at regulating the number of exports from the UAE. In addition, the number of terrorists who train in the region is a great worry for the US with regard to eliminating terrorism across the world. In fact, the threat has been closely associated with human trafficking, which is a great human crime in America. Further, the 2009 report notes that leaders in the nation have not adopted effective approaches that would be aimed at preventing proliferation of weapons, which are developed because of technological advancement. In fact, the UAE and the larger Middle East have been at the forefront in the technically advanced programs such as nuclear power strategies that are aimed at developing superior weapons. It is worth noting that the weapons, if not handled well, can result in mass destruction of life and property. The US has always made its stance very clear with regard to technically advanced developments. It has stated that countries should not produce nuclear weapons that would be misused and threaten other nations. The 2009 statement notes that social tolerance and freedoms with regard to the economy are very good features of the Middle East nation. However, the government is quite authoritarian, which implies that there is little participation of citizens who would be critical in consensus building. The nation was being ruled by leaders who were not elected by the people until 2006 when elections were held. Constitutionally elected leaders were important in directing the country in the recent global recession, which did not have many negative impacts on the economy. The 2014 report asserts that the UAE has been a strategic partner of the US in the Middle East. This can be viewed from the 1994 agreement between the two nations, which allowed the use of UAE facilities by American troops while advancing an offensive response to increasing cases of human suffering in the Gulf region due to human trafficking and terrorism. To further illustrate the trust that America has in the UAE, it is worth noting that Americans have been at the forefront in equipping the UAE in order to weaken Iran. This has always been handled tactically because the two countries are trade neighbors whose economies largely depend on their close relations. The 2014 report asserts that the UAE has become aggressive in the recent years with regard to the US foreign policy. For example, it has taken initiatives to deploy more than 250 troops to the war-burdened Afghanistan. In fact, it has promised not to withdraw its forces after the mission ends later in 2014. The 2014 statement shows that some of the problems that the US encountered in the UAE are now resolved. For instance, the economy has significantly improved due to the adoption of an open economy that attracts a significant number of industrialists, exporters and importers. In addition, its security forces have led to an improvement of security. Thus, Americans can view the nation has a strategic partner whose empowerment is key to realizing the benefits of the US penetration in the Middle East. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main text 3. Summary 4. References: Introduction In their paper, “The Customer Pyramid: Creating and Serving Profitable Customers,” Valarie A. Zeithaml, Roland T. Rust, and Katherine N. Lemon discuss a new approach to segmenting customer targeting and focusing the firm’s efforts on the most profitable targets. Many customers are too costly to do business with and have little potential to become profitable even in the long term. It is neither practical nor profitable to meet all customers’ expectations. In many cases companies overcharge their profitable customers subsidizing the worst customers. So in many cases it is advisable that companies do away with the unprofitable sector of their business. Service investments across all customer segments will not be equally profitable to organizations. Different segments of customers have different degrees of sensitiveness to marketing programs and have different profit profiles. Many companies develop tiers to segregate their customer base to identify their most profitable customer base. This theory provides a detailed set of blueprints for any company to increase customer retention, loyalty, and profitability. The Customer Pyramid can be defined as tiers of customer segments segregated by organizations on the basis of their share to profit, sensitivity to price and responsiveness to new schemes. Main text Companies have traditionally used customer segmentation approaches on the basis of geographic or demographic attributes such as age, gender, etc. to classify customers. The concept of customer loyalty is a recent phenomenon that relies not on differentiating customers by demographic factors but by more business-related attributes such as their purchase history or profitability, or by their expected lifetime value. All of them have in common a more or less detailed segmentation of the customer base similar to Zeithaml’s customer pyramid. First, the Platinum customers are the most profitable customers, and are typically heavy users of the product, who are not overly priced sensitive and whose commitment to the enterprise is high. Second, are Gold customers at the second-best strata. Though their profitability level is lower and the commitment is not as high as platinum members, they are heavy users. Iron customers are third in the pyramid. These customers provide the volume needed to utilize the firm’s capacity but whose spending levels, loyalty and profitability are not substantial enough for special treatment. Last are the Lead customers. They are the customers that cost the company money. The company must minimize this customer segment, either by trying to upgrade customers or by disassociating from them. Each of these customer segments has a different profitability and different service level requirements and expectations. Therefore service offerings should be tailored differently to each of the segments. The customer pyramid tool enables firms to identify differences in current and future customer profitability. The key to segmenting customers by profitability levels is combining per-customer acquisition and maintenance cost data with revenue information. Virtually any well-known company that has created an evangelistic customer base could draw its own pyramid. If you are struggling with how your company could draw a powerful pyramid, let me give you two more examples. Companies that provide credit cards (for example Citibank) differentiate their customer base by using the frequency of usage and amount used. They differentiate on the basis of Platinum or Gold or Normal cards. The service offerings differ on the basis of the ownership of these cards. Consider Whole Foods Market, the world’s leading natural and organic foods supermarket. Whole Foods has created food fervor among its customers based on providing a great product at the base of the pyramid (Figure 1), engaged and personalized service and a real sense of community at the middle level, and a commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainability at the peak. Figure 1: Customer Pyramid of Whole Foods. IBM has dome customer segmentation on the basis of time, profitability and demographics. The details are given in Figure 2. Figure 2: Customer Pyramid of IBM. IBM has used segmentation as a vehicle by which it knows and manages its portfolio of customers. Customer segmentation informs and directs and is directly linked to profitability. Ineffectively managing and growing the portfolio of customers, IBM needs to look to segmentation to tell them: * Highly profitable customers: What can we do to keep these customers and keep them spending? How can we attract more like them? * Profitable customers: How do we get more of these customers to adapt the habits (spend) like our highly profitable ones? * Unprofitable customers: How can we phase out these customers and, in the meantime, serve them economically? Summary To make full use of customer segmentation’s potential, IBM made its customer loyalty pyramid by studying the dynamic interaction of three key variables: segment characteristics, time and profitability (Figure 1). References: Kotler and Keller (2006) Marketing Management , twelfth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson and Prentice Hall. Zeithaml, V., Rust, R., Lemon, K. (2001), “The customer pyramid: creating and serving profitable customers”, California Management Review. Bernstel, J. (2001), “Strained relationship”, Bank Marketing. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Small Business Success Survey Essay Following an interview carried out on a person who owns a security guard office, some information was gathered in relation to business success. According to the business owner, the secret of business success lies in several factors. One of these factors is having a well-established plan for the business. This plan can be either a budget or a plan for marketing. A budget helps one estimate the amount of income that he can generate in a given year and this helps in estimating the expenditure which has to be in proportion with the projected income. Marketing is one of the effective strategies to increase sales turnover. The owner observed that in the past year his business had had great success as a result of the marketing strategies he had laid down at the beginning of the year; one of them being an advertisement. The other secret behind business success is having a vision that specifies clearly what one wants to do in the future. In order to accomplish this vision, one should have some mission statements that show what is currently being done; this will pave way for achieving the vision. Success does not come easily, one has to work hard and be optimistic that he is not going to fail and focus on the bright future ahead. On being asked the most important quality of a business owner for the business to succeed, the security guard office owner said that one of the qualities is handwork. Another quality is that one has to have a good interpersonal relationship with others, this will help in knowing other people’s perspectives and one learns more about the business. He emphasized that one must be willing to seek advice from experts of the same business and this will help in gaining new techniques in solving problems. There is no maximum number of hours that a business owner is supposed to work on a given day. A business owner has to be fully engaged in the business. For the security guard owner, he said that he works for about sixteen hours and over per day. Employees are the most difficult people to manage in a business especially when they start to steal from the business. Employees can steal both business’s time and money and one has to be keen and harsh when dealing with them. They have different behaviors some are well behaved while others have intolerable behaviors and some may even use drugs. He advised that rules on ethical behaviors should be deployed in every business in order to have respect between the owner and employees. Another difficult part of dealing with employees is their tidiness. Most staff perform their duties just for the sake of it and are not really concerned about how they carry out their day-to-day activities. The business owner’s advice was that two things are critical to the success of every business. First, you have to have a good plan for the money. It is easy to spend money than it is to generate. He advised that every business should have a budget that postulates well the projected income versus expenditure. If the expenditure is more than income, then the budget needs to be revised. The second critical thing – according to him – was that success and hard work go hand in hand. In order to be successful one has to pull up his socks and work hard. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is based on the BPM solution technology provided by Appian with the aim of easing knowledge sharing and management, information dissemination as well as reorganizing enterprise collaboration (Schwartz, 2006). It encompasses the world’s largest intranet, with a user base of up to two million. AKO provides access to the Army web services, tools and assets, regardless of the location of all members of the National Guard Reserves, select contract workforce, DA Civilian and Active Duty, as long as they possess an account. Essentially, it offers the army with a single entry point for accessing the internet and sharing information and knowledge. AKO has augmented the efficiency and effectiveness of various business processes in the Army; hence, culminating in various positive impacts. The first positive impact encompasses allowing access to army civilian job vacancies. This enhances the easier and efficient recruitment of the best employees suited for army civilian jobs. The efficiency and effectiveness of the rehabilitation and diagnosis of the soldiers that have been wounded in the field have been augmented through the AKO application of Wounded Warrior (Rosenberg, 2006). The learning programs that can be accessed through the AKO Training Function have enabled soldiers to earn promotion points and college credit points for augmenting their education outcomes. The provision of financial information to soldiers has been made efficient and effective through the AKO’s Finance function. Through the AKO’s Medical function, soldiers can easily access their medical records, past physical exams, deployment readiness status, and DNA. Essentially, soldiers can access various travel, legal, benefits, family and reference services, and products effectively and efficiently without incurring additional costs. Due to its negative impacts, AKO has received various criticisms. It is said to be a poorly designed portal, as the search engine generates unpredictable and wild results. Essentially, such useful links as references and publications are either in existence or buried. Its multistep permissions system makes the collaborative tools to be cumbersome and very slow; hence, the receipt of information is slow (Gould, 2010). Before adjustments can be made in AKO, many steps have to be taken. This is in contrast to such portals as SharePoint that allows the making of necessary adjustments in real-time. Though a secure password is essential, many soldiers complain because of the three security questions that have to be answered before logging in. Owing to the secure characteristic of AKO, a system outrage is a factor that does not affect the Army managers. The major recommendations for improving AKO encompass providing Common Access Cards to Army Retirees and family members as this will augment their Logging in. The second recommendation encompasses opening the search engines to search for data from the internet rather than limiting it to searching data in the intranet. In this way, useful results and feedback will be provided to the users through the search engines (Gould, 2010). Under the final recommendation, more funding should be allocated to AKO, because most of the needed improvements have not been made due to the limited budget. With a favorable budget, all improvements can be done in real-time. References Gould, J. (2010, November 28). GIs, Officials Disagree on Effectiveness of AKO. Army News , pp. IA, 2A. Rosenberg, M. J. (2006). Beyond e-learning: Approaches and technologies to enhance organizational knowledge, learning, and performance . San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Schwartz, D. G. (2006). Encyclopedia of knowledge management . Hershey, PA: Idea Group Reference. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Color of the Sky Research Paper To explain why the color of the sky is blue, it is necessary to scientifically conceptualize what is meant by “color” and what is meant by “sky.” The color of a material object, surface, or substance is a particular wavelength of the visible light reflected from it. The wavelength depends on the characteristics of the substance, both psychical and chemical. The sky is not a material object, i.e. there is not a dome made of a particular material that covers the earth. Rather, the sky is a combination of atmospheric layers. The physical characteristics of the atmosphere’s content gradually change depending on the distance from the earth’s surface (Locke & Ball, 2013). The atmosphere is dense enough to accumulate light, preventing us from seeing the stars during the day. However, the color does not only depend on the characteristics of the substances, but also on the way the light travels. Naturally, the light travels along straight lines, but when something is on its way, one of the three things can happen to change the trajectory of its propagation: it can be reflected, bent, or scattered ( Why is the sky blue? 2015). Molecules in the atmosphere scatter the light traveling from the sun through them. Since blue is the part of the spectrum that is scattered more than other colors due to its shorter and smaller waves, the light we see during the day appears to be blue. However, the sky is not always blue: yellow, red, orange, and violet shades can also be found in it at times. The reason is that light can be scattered differently depending on the direction, angle, cloudiness, and the presence of particular gases and particles in the atmosphere. References Locke, J. A., & Ball, D. W. (2013). Why is the sky blue? Spectroscopy, 28 (1), 12. Why is the sky blue? (2015). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
That is why, there is a great number of different cultural peculiarities in the world, as there is also a lot of states which promote development of their own lifestyle and appreciate their values. The process of development of every country is unique because of onliness of the sets of factors which influenced it. The culture has always been modified by these sets. That is why, every nation appreciates different norms of behavior in society, values and lifestyles. Taking this information into account, it is interesting to analyze the peculiarities of own culture to understand what values are appreciated and what factors are attached greater significance. Being often taken as the mixture of different cultures, American culture though is a unique phenomenon which has its own peculiarities (Weaver 3). They are determined by complicated development of this state. Religiosity could be explained by the fact that the first colonizers were Calvinists, which suffered in Europe. Tight family bonds appeared due to the importance of family support. Moreover, respect for human rights is a result of a long struggle of the USA for its independence. This mixture of values and peculiarities influenced appearance of a social ethics which main aim was not to allow humiliation of a persons dignity and not to bother other people with your own behavior. Taking it into account, it is possible to say that peculiarities of the behavior during the interview are also the result of appreciation of certain values. First of all, it is connected with the impossibility of humiliation of humans dignity. A person should not respect his interlocutor only, but a server to, being polite and respectful to him (Lord para.1). The next peculiarity of the interview is connected with the great self respect and traditions of ethics. Having arrived in America, the first colonizers already had knowledge of the table manners and tried to save them. That is why, it is obvious now that a person should use a napkin, a spoon and a fork (Howcast). However, some of these manners are connected with a persons desire to get a job as it is also an integral part of American culture. It is quite usual that a person wants to earn money since his childhood, trying to obtain independence and stability. Due to this fact, there is a special etiquette for business lunches which main aim is to impress an employer and make him hire a person. This etiquette means less formal, however, still polite and business conversation (Doyle para. 1), that is way all main table manners should be followed. It is possible to say, that these peculiarities of an interview, which evolves a meal, seem quite logic and usual for me. It is obvious, that a person should impress his employer and do his best to be hired. It is possible to afford some relaxation at home and not to follow all rules, however, such behavior is inadmissible while interviewing. Having analyzed peculiarities of behavior, table manners and interviewing, it is possible to make certain conclusions. First of all, it should be said, that all these norms reflect peculiarities of American culture and values which people appreciate. That is why, it is possible to say that they have a great influence on the behavior of people. Works Cited Doyle, Alison. “Tips for Job Interviews at Restaurants” About.Com. n.d. Web. Howcast. “How to Have Top-Notch Table Manners” . Online video clip. YouTube . YouTube, 2009. Web. Lord, Kelley. “Servers Not Servants: 31 Things Your Waiter Wishes You Knew” . Elite Daily . 2014. Web. Weaver, Gary. American Cultural Values . n.d. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. The black response 3. In support of feminism 4. The rising of the masses 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Every period in history throws up its own sons and daughters of idiosyncratic thought; what is intriguing is that there is very often a common thread that binds these people, one that crosses all borders of gender, religion and ethnic origin. If there is one thing that has been a constant is change and upheaval that takes place after major events like war or natural calamities. As has been observed all through the ages, there is always an action, or maybe reaction to these major events. These actions find expression in the works of art, literature and of course political thought; this in turn leads to either mass awakenings among people with varying after effects. The black response The Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s and early 1930s was probably one of the most well-documented literary movements in recent times. Apart from being an outpouring of thoughts and ideas by dramatists, poets, artists and writers, this movement was a major step forward in the affirmation of Afro-Americans as a separate racial identity. There evolved a certain pride in this community, a pride to be black; a thought that was swept under the carpet hitherto. Along with writers like W.E.B. Du Bois, Jean Toomer & Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, one of the brightest stars in the Renaissance firmament have made an invaluable contribution with his poems and other literary works. His poem, I too, sings America is a defiant message to all those people who think being white is good just as much as being black is bad. The last few lines of this poem are affirmations of what was at the heart of Black people – racial equality and opportunity in all fields. Langston Hughes has brought out the collective angst of a race that was suppressed for far too long. What came out of this struggle for acceptance was pride in their own ethnic origin, a fact that was best demonstrated by the music and literature of Hughes and other writers of the Renaissance. Through their literary magazine, Crisis they were also able to tell the white world that they would not back off in fear of reprisal of any kind. This was therefore an answer to the problem of racial discrimination at the time. In support of feminism Virginia Woolf who lived in the 1920s was known for her exceedingly stark and strong views on the gender discrimination issue. She found it difficult and virtually impossible to understand why a woman was treated in a particular way, just by virtue of being a woman. Her work entitled, A room of one’s own, is indicative of her assertiveness as a female writer in a man’s world. She wonders how a woman is not even entitled to the pleasures of having her own private space – a concept that might sound ludicrous now in today’s world of increased equality among the sexes. The rising of the masses An answer to the social inequalities of his time was provided by Karl Marx in his ideology that sought the uplift of the working class. His words, ‘religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world and the soul of the soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people, intended that the working class realize the origin and extent of their shackles and rise together to achieve social equality. Conclusion There is no doubt that whether one studies political ideologies or literature or art, there is always a background color that is blended into the thought process of those who try to revolutionize the societies in which they live. References Hughes L. (1974) Selected poems of Langston Hughes . Vintage Books, a division of Random House. New York. pp 275. Woolf, V. (1977) A Room of One’s Own. Granada, UK. Marx K., 1844, “Contributions to the critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right ”, in T.Bottomore and M.Rubel, Karl Marx: Selected Writings in Sociology and Social Philosophy . (Pelican 1976) Louisiana. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The author also explains the monochrome nature of society, by stating that American people share a strong commitment to a number of values and norms, including tolerance, employment opportunities, and self-government, and therefore, they tend to represent common beliefs that make their thinking stereotypic and monochrome. Nevertheless, the members of society often neglect those norms and values and are obsessed with self-indulgence. In this respect, the author calls for reviving common normative commitments and develop a strong set of values to rely on. Specific attention requires reevaluating the state of civic-minded communities, being the main moral stance for practicing values. This target group will be able to sustain highly moral behavior through initiating informal activities that would produce less dependence on the judicial system. With regard to the above-presented assumptions, the author argues that a good society should possess and develop only a specific set of norms and values. In this context, individual independence should be respected. The limitations are particularly imposed on the First Amendment restricting the rights of children and expanding parent’s influence on their children’s education. Further reforms should cover the business environment in which employees should be allowed to own a sort of self-governance. Further, in the book, the author also explores the role of rituals and holidays as the underpinning for shaping virtues as a means of social integration. He also evaluates the main advantages of online networks that meet the main needs of humans, as well as frees people from consumerist culture. Finally, Etzioni sheds light on the main attributes and benefits of face-to-face communication that shape social identity and introduces the main features of civil society. The collection of essays provided by the author is well organized and thoughtful, although some of the arguments are not sufficiently persuasive. Specifically, the author introduces counter-arguments and criticisms to his positions, but he often fails to provide enough evidence to engage readers and persuade them of the validity of the thesis. Hence, the content provides a brief response to the main thesis, covering the basic points of the main argument. Despite the evident weaknesses of the essays provided, the strength lies in the content that complements other, much deeper ideas. In this respect, Etzioni rhetorically places communitarianism between social conservatism and liberalism; yet, the book often fails to explain that this notion synthesizes these two movements to create a new one, which would conform to the needs of the contemporary society. The quest for a new social order that retains the core values and virtues premises on a voluntary commitment of people. Therefore, the source will be of great importance for those who strive to reassess their place in society, as well as the main values prioritized in it. Despite the strong ideas and ideological framework explored by the author, the collection fails to provide an accurate algorithm of how the social order could be changed and introduced to a contemporary community. This is of particular concern to specific legal, moral, and philosophical strategies. Establishing the link between ethics and sociology is not enough for promoting welfare to the society. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Effectiveness of DEET MC on Mosquitoes Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Problem Statement 2. Introduction and Purpose of Research 3. Study Design and Methods 4. Statistics and Findings 5. Conclusion 6. Critique 7. References Problem Statement Mosquitoes are disease vectors existing as an ectoparasite health hazard to communities worldwide. Malaria and Zika are spread via blood transmission by mosquito bites with possible secondary complications, including allergic reactions and bacterial infections. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a program that seeks to combat the issue with biological, chemical, and physical methods. In the context of IPM, researchers propose to use Diethyltoluamide (DEET) (C 12 H 17 NO), a synthetic compound introduced in the 21 st century, and other insect repellents in contrast to the previously used Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) which could cause the development of species resistance and adverse effects on people (Suckling et al., 2013). In this research brief, the recent study “Indoor Residual Spraying with Microencapsulated DEET Repellent (N, N-Diethyl-M-Toluamide) for Control of Anopheles Arabiensis and Culex Quinquefasciatus ” by Kitau et al. (2014) is reviewed. Today, the goal is not only to cope with mosquitoes but also to guarantee the protection for persons according to the Healthy People 2020 environment-oriented goal: “EH-3.3: Reduce the risk of adverse health effects caused by major sources of airborne toxics” (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2017, para. 10). Publication: Kitau, J., Oxborough, R., Matowo, J., Mosha, F., Magesa, S. M., & Rowland, M. (2014). Indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated DEET repellent (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) for control of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus. Parasites & Vectors , 7 (1), 446-456. Web. Introduction and Purpose of Research Different classes of chemicals used for indoor residual spraying have various effects on insects and people in terms of guaranteeing mosquito mortality or provoking allergies. In their study, Kitau et al. (2014) focused on examining the appropriateness of using Microencapsulated (MC) DEET for indoor residual spraying in order to cope with mosquitos while increasing their mortality and preventing malaria transmission because previous studies provided the findings only regarding the use of DEET MC for nets. The researchers were interested in the effects of sprays on An. arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus . Study Design and Methods The effectiveness of DEET MC was tested in contrast to examining the efficacy of traditional repellents and specific non-repellent insecticides. The trail was organized in the field station of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College in Tanzania. The focus was on conducting the trial in six different huts while using such substances as DEET MC, DDT, lambdacyhalothrin, pirimiphos-methyl, and permethrin. The substances were sprayed on specific panels used to assess the efficacy of a certain compound. The resistance tests were conducted before starting on the trial. Volunteers slept in the huts, and the substances were used during 19:30-6:30 hours. In the morning, the results regarding the number of collected mosquitos were documented for further analysis. Statistics and Findings The researchers were interested in examining mosquito mortality rates and the proportion of blood-fed rates. The data were analyzed with the help of Stata® 10 and a logistic regression tool. It was found that the mortality of An. Arabiensis was higher without depending on a certain treatment (range: 76-86%). The mortality of An. arabiensis in huts where DEET was sprayed was higher (82%, P = 0.043) than in huts where lambdacyhalothrin was sprayed. DEET was less effective against Culex quinquefasciatus where the mortality was only 29%. There were also no significant decreases in blood-feeding associated with using DEET against An. arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus. Conclusion DEET MC is potentially a good compound to cope with An. arabiensis while increasing the mortality rate and protecting people without affecting their health and provoking allergies. However, this insecticide is not effective to reduce the mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus. Critique The study is effective to provide reliable and valid results regarding the efficacy of DEET MC against An. arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus because of the researchers’ focus on conducting an appropriately organized trial. The study has limitations only in terms of the location and samples selected for the research. Additional studies in different locations with the focus on other mosquitos are expected. References Kitau, J., Oxborough, R., Matowo, J., Mosha, F., Magesa, S. M., & Rowland, M. (2014). Indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated DEET repellent (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) for control of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus. Parasites & Vectors , 7 (1), 446-456. Web. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2017). Healthy People 2020: Environmental health . Web. Suckling, D. M., Stringer, L. D., Stephens, A. E., Woods, B., Williams, D. G., Baker, G., & El-Sayed, A. M. (2013). From integrated pest management to integrated pest eradication: Technologies and future needs. Pest Management Science , 70 (2), 179-189. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Piety Aside, Legalizing Prostitution Is the Way to Go Essay I am aware that that the possibility of decriminalizing prostitution is a highly emotive issue for you and your congregants as you deem it a manifestation of sexual perversion that ought not have legal recognition. Understandably, you have been at the forefront of the campaign against any decriminalization or legalization attempts. Granted that these measures would seemingly be contrary to your religion, I urge you to consider this matter from an objective standpoint divorced from any religious influence. Prostitution thrives unabated regardless of its present illicit status and constant opposition to its acknowledgment as a potential contributor to the economy. It is an indisputable fact that ours is a secular nation and, therefore, Christianity, Islam, or any other devout outfit cannot be determinative of what is legal or illicit. Devoid of spirituality and hypocrisy, the legalization of prostitution is prudent because it will enhance the health, safety, security, and welfare of those involved, broaden the nation’s tax base, and mitigate wanton bribery and corruption. Legalizing prostitution will extend appropriate recognition to sex workers that will facilitate the elimination of discrimination and prejudice that relegates them to second-class citizens. It is a Christian belief that everyone is equal before God, but the present illegitimate status accorded to them means that prostitutes do not get equal treatment in society. Consequently, for example, they lack access to critical amenities such as sexual and reproductive health services and counseling because of the stigma associated with their trade (Dourado et al.). Similarly, they are often susceptible to harassment, extortion, physical and sexual violence, and even homicide because of their second-class status. Therefore, legalization is an important avenue for their recognition and emancipation, because legal recognition will facilitate the elimination of stigma, discrimination, and prejudice against them. Consequently, they will enjoy greater access to healthcare services that will improve their wellbeing. It would also improve their safety and security because they will no longer fear law enforcement. Therefore, legalizing prostitution is a way to ensure that those engaged in the trade receive equal access to critical amenities and services and enjoy the equal protection of the law as other citizens. Legalizing prostitution would also formalize the sector and acknowledge its immense contribution to the country’s economy as well as the potential for greater revenues through a broadened tax base. Whether you like it or not, prostitution is a thriving business that generates billions of dollars. According to recent estimates, prostitution generates revenues amounting to at least 14 billion dollars annually, placing the US among the top five (Havoscope). However, owing to the trade’s illicit status, none of these revenues are subject to direct taxation with the consequence that the exchequer loses millions of dollars in tax revenues. It necessarily follows that legalization is a prudent measure because it will necessitate the establishment of a regulatory and oversight framework that can collaborate with the Internal Revenue Service to harness the broadened tax base presented by this sector. For perspective, the German city of Dortmund raises around 750000 Euros annually from taxing prostitution (Wighton). The revenues generated from the trade can improve the country’s healthcare services, particularly sexual and reproductive health for the sex workers in addition to other welfare initiatives. Legalization is also a potential means of addressing the problems of bribery and corruption within the governance and law enforcement fraternities. The fact that prostitution in the US continues to thrive and generates billions of dollars is because the entities mandated with enforcing the law have become tolerant of it and are unwitting participants in the trade. The failure to enforce the law is usually primarily because it presents an opportunity for either financial or other benefits for them. Additionally, participants are often susceptible to blackmail and extortion for ‘protection’ by rogue officers. Therefore, according legal recognition to sex workers eliminates their vulnerability in this regard, as they will no longer be vulnerable to extortion because the law will have permitted them through licensing. Hence, legalization would eliminate the need for bribery for protection or to enable them conduct business. In sum, I urge you, other members of the clergy, and your congregants to reconsider your stand on the debate on the legalization of prostitution because, first, it continues to flourish regardless of being illegal and vehement opposition by various religious entities. Second, it is my contention that the benefits of legalization far outweigh the detriments. First, legalization would extent equal treatment to sex workers and be instrumental in the elimination of stigmatization, discriminatory, and prejudicial tendencies against them, which would improve their overall safety, security, and wellbeing. Second, the legislative measure would translate to the addition of another tax base that can benefit the treasury with billions of dollars in tax revenues. It is indisputable that the country’s welfare system is struggling and the extra monies would alleviate the situation. Finally, the thriving business regardless of its illegal status means that bribery and corruption are rampant, thus, legalization would be a viable means to mitigate these vices. References Dourado, Inês et al. “Sex Work Stigma and Non-Disclosure to Health Care Providers: Data from a Large RDS Study Among FSW in Brazil.” BMC International Health and Human Rights , vol. 19, no. 1, 2019. Web. Havocscope. “Prostitution Revenue by Country.” Havocscope.Com , 2021. Web. Wighton, Daniel. “Prostitution, Dogs and Loneliness: A Look at Germany’s Weirdest Taxes.” Thelocal.De , 2019. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Musculoskeletal Problems Among Midwives Essay Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among midwives have become a significant issue caused by demanding working conditions. It is a professional disease that leads to unfavorable consequences related to females’ well-being and financial sustainability. Examination of contributing factors, such as awkward posture, and understanding of the impact it has on health and the economy can help to develop practical solutions to prevent cases related to the development of MSD among midwives in the future. Various determinants present a compelling risk factor for the onset of MSD. One of the main physical risk factors linked to MSD is the awkward position during the mother-centered delivery as the midwife has to adjust to the position of the woman who gives birth (Doshani, 2018). As the midwife may need to spend hours in such a position, it causes a risk of an injury. Other possible risk factors may lead to MSD development. The study conducted by Bianchi, Belingheri, Nespoli, De Vito, and Riva (2019) presented factors that may cause awkward positions, such as “listening for heart tones, performing vaginal examinations, keeping the fetal head off the cord in cord prolapse, and assisting with epidurals” (par. 3). Such activities cause risk due to the frequency of their performance, which may result in injury. According to Green, Salman, Yentis, and McGregor (2017), the progressive accumulation of muscle fatigue is also known as the risk factor for the development of injury, which can lead to MSD. MSD develops in the majority of females who perform midwives’ activities. Okuyucu, Hignett, Gyi, and Doshani (2019) “found that of the 633 midwives, 92% suffered from Musculoskeletal disorders, most commonly in the low back (71%), neck (45%) and shoulder (45%).” (p. 2). Statistics give a better understanding of how widespread the disease is among midwives and its distribution over the body. The study informs that the majority of interviewees state that their symptoms are caused by work-related activities. Therefore, the problems have a severe impact on the females’ health, which should be a concern among health care providers. Midwives may find it complicated to return to work after an injury due to the inconveniences caused by the disease. The study emphasized the long-term consequences the disorder has not only on health but also on relationships, mental health, and career opportunities (Weckert, Stern, & Porritt, 2017). That is why the scholars conducted a study to examine return-to-work programs as an essential step in the disorder investigation. Such programs may reduce work disability duration and worker’s compensation costs due to the personalized approach (Weckert et al., 2017). Healthcare providers must investigate MSD as they lead to the loss in working time and money spent on injury investigation, which creates economic issues. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to the working conditions that can be provided to midwives as it may result in economic and social issues. The issues that they face take roots from their job, so the healthcare providers must address the causes. The understanding of the factors can help to develop a better plan to decrease the percentage of musculoskeletal disorders among midwives. References Bianchi, T., Belingheri, M., Nespoli, A., De Vito, G., & Riva, M. A. (2019). Occupational risks in midwifery: From Bernardino Ramazzini to modern times. Safety and Health at Work , 10 (2), 245-247. Doshani, A. (2018). Musculoskeletal symptoms in midwives and work-related contributory risk factors. In Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018): Volume III: Musculoskeletal Disorders (Vol. 820, p. 54). New York, NY: Springer. Green, A., Salman, M., Yentis, S., & McGregor, A. (2017). Ergonomics and posture of midwives, obstetricians and anaesthetists on labour ward. Anaesthesia , 72 (S2), 82. Okuyucu, K., Hignett, S., Gyi, D. E., & Doshani, A. (2019). Human factors in midwifery: Impact of musculoskeletal symptoms on patient safety. Presented at the Healthcare Ergonomics and Patient Safety (HEPS) International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 3-5 July 2019. Weckert, C., Stern, C., & Porritt, K. (2017). Experiences and expectations of return-to-work programs for nurses and midwives who have acquired a musculoskeletal disorder in the workplace: A qualitative systemic review protocol. JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports , 15 (5), 1280-1287. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Aspects of Intercollegiate Football Coursework The field of intercollegiate sports is one of the essential parts of activities that are conducted in educational facilities. Researchers note that intercollegiate athletics is a “popular, and at times, a profitable segment of the American sports landscape” (Mayer et al., 2017). Intercollegiate football, however, has one of the richest backgrounds since it has been around since the 19th century. I am examining the topic of this sport and will briefly discuss its history, why it is profitable for universities, and how the phenomenon of rivalry affects it. In the United States, this type of intercollegiate athletics football is supported by many collegiate sports associations, including the NCAA, the NSAIDs, the NCCAA, and the USCAA. For educational facilities maintaining sports teams is a beneficial business because the audience’s interest is huge. The idea of supporting someone local and close to you attracts many fans, and with them comes the additional funding for universities. Moreover, nowadays, American schools are constantly embracing the idea of supporting girls’ football teams since the idea of equality in sports became popular. The history of intercollegiate football began at the end of the 19th century when Rutgers University and Princeton University competed for the first time. Nowadays it remains one of the most popular activities that tie communities together. Though various types of athletic activities create interest among students, football can be considered the most profitable. This is because, over the years, universities have been bringing attention to it by building stadiums and “drawing large numbers of people to campuses” (“A brief historical perspective on intercollegiate athletics,” para 22.). Furthermore, the idea of a rivalry between college teams has a significant impact on the audience attraction” (Havard et al., 2016). Therefore, it can be assumed that this sport not only brings finances to universities but also connects the community since they feel united by the competition against other schools. This topic is of particular importance since it is one of the most famous sports in the field of intercollegiate athletics. Colleges are willing to offer free education and scholarships to make the best athletes to play on their behalf; therefore, I decided to select it for my research. Moreover, during my investigation, I managed to learn several new facts, for instance, the fact that nowadays, more women are included. Moreover, I was interested in why football is this popular and continuously attracts many fans in different educational facilities. References A brief historical perspective on intercollegiate athletics. Humankinetics . Web. Havard, C. T., Shapiro, S. L., & Ridinger, L. L. (2016). Who’s our rival? Investigating the influence of a new intercollegiate football program on rivalry perceptions. Journal of Sport Behavior , 39 (4). Web. Mayer, K. C., Morse, A. L., & DeSchriver, T. (2017). Intercollegiate football and luxury suites: An investigation of factors related to price. Sport Marketing Quarterly , 26 (2). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Negative Social Impacts of “Tomorrowland Music Festival” Essay “Tomorrowland” is among the biggest global music events that were first launched in 2005. Despite the benefits of this festival for the local community, such as increased economic activity and employment, “Tomorrowland” has also been criticized for the presence of drugs on-site, the issues with cleaning up the location after the festival, local community’s quality of life, and noise pollution. According to Turner (2017), during events such as Tomorrowland, “police generally occupy a low-key role at festivals with a focus on the seizure of drugs, rather than arrests” (241). Hence, the youth attending this event is exposed to drugs and seeing people around them be under the influence. Another issue with Tomorrowland is the effect that this festival has on the local community. According to Pavluković et al. (2018), the governments and organizers of festivals usually cite the economic benefits of these events but fail to acknowledge the discomfort the locals feel. An obvious environmental impact is a trash left behind by the visitors, which requires the administration of the festival to invest in clearing the site after “Tomorrowland” is over. Adbulredha et al. (2017) argue that major music festivals generate substantial quantities of solid waste, an estimated “0.89 kg per guest” (p. 388). This problem affects the environment negatively since this waste includes non-recyclable objects or items that need to be collected and send for recycling. Finally, noise pollution due to the powerful sound systems used by “Tomorrowland’s” performers, which can affect the hearing of the people attending the festival and cause discomfort to the community members, is also a problem. Overall, although “Tomorrowland” is an important cultural event that has multiple benefits, it also endangers the youth and the environment and causes discomfort for the locals. References Abdulredha, M., Al Khaddar, R., Jordan, D., Kot, P., Abdulridha, A., & Hashim, K. (2018). Estimating solid waste generation by hospitality industry during major festivals: A quantification model based on multiple regression. Waste Management, 77 , 388-400. Web. Pavluković V., Armenski T., Alcántara-Pilar J.M. (2019) The impact of music festivals on local communities and their quality of life: Comparation of Serbia and Hungary. In A. Campón-Cerro A., J. Hernández-Mogollón, & J. Folgado-Fernández (Eds.), Best practices in hospitality and tourism marketing and management. Applying quality of life research (pp. 217-237). Springer. Turner, T. (2017). Space, drugs and Disneyfication. An Ethnography of British youth in Ibiza. [Doctoral dissertation, Coventry University]. CURVE. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Influence of “Things Fall Apart” Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Why Achebe’s novel is so influential 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Chinua Achebe’s “Things fall apart” is one of the most influential pieces of literature from the African continent. The paper shall examine why this is the case, especially through textual examples. Why Achebe’s novel is so influential Achebe succeeds in giving an African viewpoint of colonialism thus breaking the stereotype that Africans’ opinions are insignificant during cultural interactions with the West. In so doing, he renders meaning to the traditional African way of life and he also dignifies the people of the continent. Achebe is able to do this through several mechanisms. (Achebe, 2003) First of all, the entire novel focuses on African characters while white colonialists are merely mentioned. This means that the writer explores the strengths, weaknesses, insecurities, traditions, beliefs, motivations, and other characteristics of the African people. In so doing, one can then identify with their struggles as well as their assertions. This means that Chinua Achebe’s novel has succeeded in rendering legitimacy to the African culture. There are several ways in which he has been able to do this. For instance, he talks about the political system of the Ibo people. (The Ibo are a tribe in Nigeria and the focus of the entire novel) the latter group did not have a king, chief, or a single ruler; instead, they settled matters through a council of elders. For instance, after the village made a peace treaty with another village, the council of elders decided that they would take a boy called Ikemefuna as a peace meal offering. Achebe also reveals the religious beliefs of the Ibo people; they worship a god known as Chukwu as well as a harvest god, rain god, and other nature gods. The culture of the Ibo people is largely patriarchal in that women play a minor role in childbirth and child-rearing. This is the reason why the main character Okonkwo was ashamed of his father because he had ‘feminine traits’ i.e. he was lazy. Also, the people of Ibo valued hard work as was seen through Okonkwo’s superior status in the village. “long stacks of yam stood out in his barn.” (p, 10) He had acquired this position as a result of his farming activities. More importantly, Achebe is able to bring an insight into the social values that drive individuals in any society. Through the main character, we learn that persons are defined by the values in their society. Okonkwo believed that one’s strengths lay in one’s wealth as well as one’s masculinity. The latter traits were highly valued at the beginning of the novel before the Ibo were colonized. However, towards the end of the novel, both these traits became insignificant as colonialists dominated the economic and social systems of the land. This was why the main character became distraught and disillusioned. He lost a sense of place and ended up committing suicide. This novel also illustrates what occurs when two cultures come together. When one culture perceives the other as being suspicious or superior, then this usually ends up in tragedy. The colonialists regarded African culture as inconsequential and thus mistreated and oppressed the African people. They paid the price for this by losing their place in Africa through independence; where the people of Africa reclaimed their sovereignty. On the other hand, Africans also mistrusted the colonialists who were seen as selfish individuals interested in taking what was not theirs. This level of mistrust caused many Africans to lose much of their cultural identity. In other words, the novel illustrated that the best stance for any two interacting cultures is to treat each other as equals and to learn from one another. Achebe also shows that change is a must in life and those who try to resist it will only be phased out. Okonkwo wanted to be seen as strong and as masculine as possible. These traits were valued in the past but were rendered insignificant later on in the novel. Okonkwo’s ability to adjust to those modifications made him what he became at the end of the novel; a suicide case. Achebe asserts that “Okonkwo was not a cruel man but his entire life was driven by fear of failure”. Change is a necessity in life and one cannot escape it. Conclusion Achebe helped the African people as well the world to understand: how cultural interactions occur, the truth about the African people as well as change in general. This is why the novel is so influential. References Achebe, C. (2003). Things fall Apart . New York: EMC Corporation | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Offenders and their victims can be assisted by mediators in order “to promote the level of restoration and healing” ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998, para. 1). Mediators offer inspiration, information, mentorship, and leadership in order to create the most appropriate opportunities for effective dialogue ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). This process can effectively address every injury associated with the targeted offense. Mediators should ensure every dialogue is carefully supported using the most appropriate concepts and practices. The ultimate goal is to establish a respectful environment for dialogue. Mediators guide the parties and identify the major guidelines that can make the process more meaningful. Mediators should be ready to use transformative approaches. They should encourage the players to exercise their rights and acquire the most appropriate resources. Follow-ups are critical after every mediation practice. As well, mediators should establish positive relationships with the participants. They should embrace powerful concepts such as impartiality, confidentiality, and openness. Circumstances “capable of causing conflicts of interest should also be disclosed” ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998, para. 35). It is also relevant to disclose necessary information to the two parties. The mediators should provide the most appropriate information and advice to the players. They should also ensure the final agreement is formalized and implemented. The discussions should not be prolonged after the individuals reach a final impasse ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). Mediators should have the relevant training. The article also outlines the major ethical concerns that should be taken seriously. Such concerns include disclosure of mediation fees in advance. They should cultivate positive relationships with other mediators. Is Mediation a Valuable Tool in Restorative Justice? The targeted article shows clearly that mediation can be used to promote peace and healing. The presence of a professional mediator makes it easier for the two parties to forgive each other and focus on restoration. The guidelines presented in the article can make it possible for mediators to address most of the differences encountered by the parties. The power of dialogue can never be underrated. The process is used to repair the emotional harm caused by the crime ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). This argument explains why mediation should be embraced since it is a powerful tool in every conflict-resolution process. Mediation with Juveniles and Adults Mediation can be used more with both adults and juveniles ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). This happens to be the case because human beings tend to possess inner resources that can be used to address a wide range of problems affecting them. Mediators create respectful environments thus making it possible for constructive dialogues to take place ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). As well, the process is usually customized to address the specific needs of the targeted parties. However, researchers should conduct new studies to identify specific mediation processes that can be used for adults and juveniles. Positives and Negatives of Mediation Mediation is a powerful practice that can deliver positive results if executed in a professional manner. The process increases the chances of reconciliation and healing. The practice is also monitored by a competent mediator in order to produce the best results. The targeted parties can share their differences, address problems, and embrace the power of healing ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). The process restores peace thus reducing the number of conflicts. The mediation process can also be used successfully with both adults and juveniles. The most critical issue is to ensure the mediator is aware of the situation. This approach can produce desirable outcomes. However, mediation can be impossible for specific adults especially those who are not willing to engage in dialogue. Some theorists believe strongly that the process might favor the offender. Some conflicts arising from offenses such as rape are complex in nature and might not benefit from mediation. Some mediators might be biased thus affecting the entire process. The mediation procedure can also be complex, time-consuming, and degrading ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). Personal Opinion about the Use of Mediation for Juvenile Offenders and their Victims Mediation is widely used for adults in order to achieve positive results within the shortest time possible. Juvenile offenders should also be given the opportunity to establish new relationships with their respective victims. That being the case, professionals who want to use mediation for juveniles should be aware of the issues affecting such individuals. They should inform their guardians to ensure the process is successful. The highest level of confidentiality should also be maintained to empower such juveniles. Mediation for juveniles is something that can produce positive results whenever executed in a civilized manner ( Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines , 1998). The presence of the children’s parents of guardians will improve the level of safety. The participants will be ready to engage in meaningful conversations and eventually come up with the best solutions. This strategy can therefore be therapeutic and successful. Reference Victim-Offender Mediation Association Recommended Ethical Guidelines . (1998). | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Role of the Clinical Application Analyst Application Essay The development of information technologies (IT) has given numerous benefits to various areas of human life. Healthcare is not an exception, as effective use of IT can significantly increase the quality of care provided in hospitals and other medical institutions. Healthcare IT is one of the fastest-growing areas in the job market, as it allows the health care providers to improve the system of collecting, analyzing, and storing information involved in the process of communicating with the patients (Hein, 2013). Clinical application analyst is the best choice for me as it is one of the healthcare IT roles requiring appropriate knowledge and experience to sustain the effectiveness of the use of healthcare technologies. Clinical application analysts collect and analyze data about the use of application software at healthcare units and ensure that appropriate applications are used effectively by medical workers and function properly. The position requires knowledge and experience with SQL based applications, HL7 Interfaces, disaster recovery and backup procedures, ITIL standards, LAN, DNS, networking, etc. The job requires appropriate qualifications enabling the person to solve technical problems. Clinical application analysts need to have appropriate knowledge in microcomputing and understanding of information systems and the way they influence the customers. Many employers prefer candidates with a master’s degree in computer science or any healthcare discipline and several years of experience in a clinical environment. Clinical licensure is the credential strongly preferred by employers. I am sure that I am a good fit for this job becauseI hold a bachelor’s degree in computer science and healthcare management. Moreover, I can perform appropriate educational activities to maintain professional licensure. The work setting of clinical application analysts usually includes different parts of medical institutions using IT applications in the process of delivering health care services. Job responsibilities include troubleshooting application issues to resolution, assisting in the management and processing of clinical information and providing outcome reporting ( Clinical Application Analyst , 2013). Besides, clinical application analysts perform analysis, development, and testing of documentation screens used by medical workers and maintain the functionality of clinical applications. The responsibilities also include providing quality surveys, independently leading application grades, collaborating with other analysts to provide system integrations, and guiding more junior analysts ( Clinical Application Analyst , 2013). Clinical application analysts work to improve workflows using their unique experience and help to design, implement, and maintain clinical systems (Hein, 2013). Opportunities for career growth include climbing the career ladder from junior level analyst to higher-level analyst. The annual salary ranges from 40 to 100 thousand dollars per year. The average salary is nearly seventy thousand dollars per year. Job growth is expected to be rather high, as the healthcare industry continues adopting IT applications and electronic medical records. The demand for specialists who have a blend of skills in IT and healthcare is constantly growing and is not supposed to decline in the nearest future. The modern healthcare system experiences a high demand for all kinds of information technology innovation to improve its services and maintain effectiveness and sustainability ( Help wanted: Healthcare IT professionals in high demand , n.d.). Such a situation opens great opportunities for people with analytic skills in dealing with technical problems and appropriate education. I understand that clinical application analyst is a responsible position requiring specific knowledge and allowing contributing to better functioning of the healthcare system. References Clinical Application Analyst . (2013). Web. Hein, R. (2013). Seven healthcare IT roles that are transforming tech careers . Web. Help wanted: Healthcare IT professionals in high demand . (n.d.). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Marketing Myopia Approach Essay (Article) Marketing myopia refers to an insular approach to marketing where the focus is mainly on short term goals or when marketing systems focus on one aspect of marketing while ignoring others (Mercer 189). For an organization to achieve long term success, it is must focus on marketing the customer needs rather than selling its products. This connotes ignoring sales. The sales function is different from marketing because marketing involves the whole process of customer satisfaction as opposed to selling which centers on ways to get people to buy products or services without regard for their value to the customer (190). Levitt suggested that management has played a key role in the growth decline of industries that were once booming (45). For example the business decline in the railroad companies was primarily due to poor marketing strategies and not because of the new entrants in competing sectors such as the buses. Managers were narrow-minded as they did not focus on the entire transport industry. Nylon and Glass companies were able to sustain their position in the market even as competitors entered the industry because they focused on the customers needs. Levitt asserts that it had nothing to do with research and development or their technical knowledge (45). Other companies that have maintained their growth profile through customer satisfaction are: Aluminum industry, supermarkets, grocery industry etc. (Levitt 46). Levitt referred to a casual survey carried out targeting business executives on their view concerning growth in industries (49). The result showed that fifty percent of them indicated that companies that maintained the growth patterns capitalized on growth opportunities while those that take a ride on growth escalators eventually ended up in stagnation. Levitt argued that every declining industry that once soared at the top is assumed to be operating under these conditions: the belief that growth is guaranteed by targeting more affluent clientele and that there are no substitutes for the major products offered by the companies. Relying on mass production and the advantages of rapidly reducing costs as output rises and low manufacturing and operational costs were also disadvantageous to an organization (49). According to Levitt, one of the main contributors to industry decline is mass production (52). Companies that focus on cutting costs by massive production often ignore the customers’ needs. Companies should understand that marketing efforts are a necessity for the product to sell since the profits are not solely on low costs of production but also on the volume of sales (47). After manufacturing, effective marketing should be considered and this includes how, when, and in what form and condition the product or service is availed to the customer. Marketing research should therefore be geared towards consumer’s wants not on product attributes that are deemed profitable for the firm. Although the paper by Levitt has merit, other facets of strategy should not be ignored. The type of strategy adopted by an organization grossly depends on the market environment that it is in. Continuing with a specific marketing approach may actually be beneficial to a business up to a certain point. Developing products or services that fit the customers’ requirements is not profitable for an organization if they are not sold (Mercer 401). The role of the sales function in an organization should not be down played. The success of a firm requires a substantial amount of market intelligence; therefore Levitt should have discussed the issue of marketing myopia in light of this. Works Cited Levitt, Theodore. “Marketing Myopia.” Harvard Business Review , Jul/Aug 1960: 45-56. Print. Mercer, David. Marketing . New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Causes of Divide Between the North and Southern States Essay The expansion of the American territory especially the Mexican cession where the United States acquired California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and part of Texas among other territories, brought with it the debate of slavery into these territories. While the North advocated for a free state, the South was for a slave state. This is what most people thought was the primary issue between the two sides. One of the biggest reasons for the rift was economic factors. During the period of industrial takeoff in America, for industries to thrive they needed people in the urban areas to work in the factories. These were both skilled and unskilled laborers. The acquisition of new territories in the West meant that most people could afford the cheap land rather than work in deplorable conditions in the urban areas. The cities were also more expensive to live in than in the farms. So, as soon as one made enough money in the industries, they would head West in search of land and better-paying jobs. This was later to change when the Irish entered America from Europe and brought with them the required industrial skills, particularly in the textile factories. With this, two economic systems emerged. In the North was an industrial economy that relied on factories, merchants, and new technology plus a labor force that was paid hourly wages and depended mainly on the industries, while in the South was an agricultural economy supported by farming of cotton and heavily reliant on slaves to toil the land. Another cause of rift was the Kansas-Nebraska Act. This act was passed in 1854. It declared that ‘popular sovereignty would decide whether Kansas would be a slave or Free State. 1 This led to the flooding of both Southerners to the South and Northerners to the North of Kansas. When the first territorial elections were held, the Southerners won because a number of the pro-slavery Southerners crossed into Kansas and voted in the election. Later, the fugitive slave law was passed which declared that “All runaway slaves be brought back to their master’s. 2 This brought a wave of violence between both sides. European products were low priced compared to those of Northern American industries, so the Northern states pressed congress to increase tariffs on goods imported from Britain. This did not go well with the Southern states because they exported their cotton to Britain for better prices. Once the tariffs were effected, the imported goods became more expensive to the Southern states, and also there was a reduced export of cotton to Britain because it had become too expensive for them to buy. The Southern states were forced to buy manufactured goods from the North and sell to them cotton at a fairer price since they couldn’t export it, this tariff was referred to by the Southern States as a tariff of the abominations. 3 Another reason for the cessation of the Southern states was the election of Abraham Lincoln as president. The Southern states were afraid that Lincoln would free the slaves who were the backbone of the economies of the Southern states. A lot has been laid out to show how the states were formed from the acquisition of land from Spain, Mexico, and the indigenous tribes. When different states started to break from the union, almost all of them issued statements that reflected displeasure by the North on the way they perceived and continued to handle the institution of slavery which played a major role in the economy of the Southern states. The thought of freeing or paying all the slaves wages was unimaginable. There are more reasons which led to the split between the North and the South like the Eli Whitney cotton gin which brought about an increase in slaves working on the farms and the issue of abolitionist John Brown which emerged after the enactment of the fugitive slave act. Bibliography Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Rise of the Republican Party, 1854-1856 . 2000. Web. Online Highways LLC. 2010. Tariff of 1828. Web. Randall James and David Donald. The Civil War and Reconstruction. Boston. D. C. Heath and Company. 1966. Footnotes 1. Randall James and Donald David. The Civil War and reconstruction. Boston. D. C. Heath and Company. 1966. 2. Abraham Lincoln Historical Digitization Project.2000. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Rise of the Republican party, 1854-1856 . Web. 3. Online Highways LLC. 2010. Tariff of 1828. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Unique Challenges of Careers in Cities outside the Home Country Essay The process of seeking for a job position is often challenging. However, if the person seeks for the job abroad, there are more challenges and unexpected problems. It is also important to pay attention to the fact that the human resource strategies and recruitment process can differ significantly in various countries. Nevertheless, the orientation to the globalisation and its principles results in broadening the international job market. Moreover, the work in the international company abroad can be discussed as the developed tendency of the present day. The international job market depends on the constant changes in demands for the definite specialists and certain positions. Today, many foreign employees work in the Asian region and at the territories of the North America when the percentage of the job migration in Europe is rather low, and this fact is caused by the unstable economy within the region. There are many challenges for the persons who seek for the work abroad which are connected with the legal issues, HR strategies, and cultural barriers. Nowadays, the international job market is based on the demands of the IT specialists. This tendency remains unchanged during the recent years because of the constantly developed industry (Rossheim). Nevertheless, the marketing industry also develops significantly and the demands for the workforce can change in relation to the region. From this point, the employees should pay attention to the popularity of this or that specialisation in different regions. Many persons begin their career abroad because their company steps into the international arena and opens new offices. The cultural barriers, language issues, and differences in the approaches to the work process become the main challenges for the international employees (Wild and Wild 58). However, it is easier to work in the company’s department abroad than to start a new career in the foreign country. To avoid a lot of difficulties connected with the legal issues (medical insurance, taxes), special work permits, and cultural barriers, many specialists are inclined to search for project jobs for the definite time period. Nevertheless, in spite of the time working abroad, recruiters pay much attention to the competence of applicants, to their education and degrees, and to the work practice. The work in cities outside the home country is the challenge for the employee’s competence (Wild and Wild 90-92). Moreover, HR professionals who work in the international companies develop special strategies for managing the workforce diversity, but the pressure experienced by the employees in the foreign country can be significant. Having analysed the contemporary trends in recruiting employees internationally, it is possible to accentuate the role of the Asian region and North America in developing the globalisation tendencies (Wild and Wild 89). The work of people from all over the world in the US or Japanese international companies becomes the common situation. On the contrary, the European countries develop the active job connections predominately within the European Union because of the consequences of the global economic crisis. To conclude, it is possible to state that the main challenges which are experienced by employees working abroad is the necessity to adapt to the new and unfamiliar culture, to approve the professional competence, and to resolve definite legal issues. The major problems experienced by HR managers are the necessity to manage the diverse workforce effectively with references to the cultural peculiarities and strategic goals of the company. Works Cited Rossheim, John. 2013 Marketing Jobs Outlook . 2012. Web. Wild, John, and Kenneth Wild. International Business . USA: Pearson-Prentice Hall, 2012. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Medicare Competitive Bidding Program Case Study Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Recommendation for Bidding 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The example of bidding processes described in the case presents several problems that can be analyzed and mitigated. First of all, the pricing of final bids is based on the median of all offers from participants (Zimmerman & Warren, 2016). Therefore, small companies that cannot set high prices or have brands with a low level of recognition may choose to offer low bids, which reduces the median price. The companies with high-quality products and more expensive equipment cannot win the bid and have to either refuse or accept to supply their products at extremely low prices. Such decisions can endanger businesses. Recommendation for Bidding Second, this type of bidding offers non-binding offers, where suppliers can refuse to accept the contract after they win the bid (Schatz & Cefalu, 2016). Moreover, CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) does not recalculate the bid after the winners refuse and withdraw from the contest. This practice means that when bidders who set low prices remove their initial offers from the auction, the final bid stays reduced, limiting the financial resources for other companies who choose to accept the costs. Thus, these manufacturers and retailers lose money or have to supply products of lower quality to cover the expenses. This decision brings on another possible risk that directly affects beneficiaries of Medicare. Patients who receive low-quality products or cannot access the usual range of available equipment may suffer as a result. Their health may deteriorate as a result of being treated improperly. The elected representatives can agree with manufacturers and sellers because they may anticipate the risks explained above. Although low prices may seem beneficial to the government, the overall quality of supplies may bring more dangers to the beneficiaries and their health. Moreover, companies with better products may refuse to accept these unfair regulations and ignore the bid, leaving only dubious products available for clients (Cramton, Ellermeyer, & Katzman, 2015). Thus, it may be unwise to ignore the political pressure and focus on revising the bidding process. If Medicare would seek bids for cardiac care, it may influence companies that supply these products. Their assortment may decrease and change to less recognizable and reliable brands (Cramton et al., 2015). The economic state of these manufacturers could worsen, which would affect all aspects of the manufacturing process. Politically, the government officials may encounter many concerns from retailers and suppliers with high-quality equipment. Distorted fee schedules offered by Medicare may not only increase the prices but also provide worse care to its patients. Their health outcomes may suffer, leading to more expenses and less favorable results. Thus, the economic side of this problem might also negatively affect Medicare and its beneficiaries. Conclusion The primary recommendation that can be given to CMS based on this analysis is to change the bidding system to have binding bids, a lower limit for offers, and quality guarantees of supplied goods. First, the existence of nonbinding bids allows unreliable manufacturers to make small bids and affect the final costs. Thus, a contract where the company would not be able to refuse a winning offer might make companies approach this auction more seriously. Furthermore, it could be helpful to consider setting some quality regulations for the auction to ensure that the prices are retained to be as low as possible without damaging the quality and hurting both suppliers and beneficiaries as a result. In the end, this auction would be more suitable for well-established manufacturers and recipients. It would also be easier to implement as it would not require any additional recalculations in the end. References Cramton, P., Ellermeyer, S., & Katzman, B. (2015). Designed to fail: The Medicare auction for durable medical equipment. Economic Inquiry , 53 (1), 469-485. Schatz, D., & Cefalu, W. T. (2016). Reevaluation of CMS’ competitive bidding program. Diabetes Care , 39 (7), 1078-1079. Zimmerman, E., & Warren, J. (2016). Medicare competitive bidding program for durable medical equipment. AADE in Practice , 4 (1), 54-55. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Were Heckscher and Ohlin Right?” by O’Rourke Coursework To understand contemporary processes and tendencies in economy of the United Kingdom and the USA, it is necessary to pay attention to the historical peculiarities of their economic development. Kevin O’Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson present the complex discussion of the processes of factor-price convergence for these states with references to the works of famous economists and historians in their article “Late Nineteenth-Century Anglo-American Factor-Price Convergence: Were Heckscher and Ohlin Right?”. The main objective of the article is to provide the discussion of the peculiarities of the factor-price convergence between the USA and the United Kingdom along with the analysis of the factor-price equalization theorem and Heckscher and Ohlin’s viewpoints. The major question of the work is “How much of the Anglo-American factor-price convergence between 1870 and 1895 or 1913 can be explained by the convergence in commodity prices?” (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994, p. 895). The discussion of the problem is significant for modern economy because the process of convergence in the late nineteenth-century “was the dramatic start of world-commodity and factor-market integration that continues today” (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994, p. 892). Kevin O’Rourke and Jeffrey Williamson answer the main question of their article with references to a lot of evidences and works by economists and specialists in the field of economy (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994). Moreover, they prove the main idea provided by Heckscher and Ohlin that “a significant share of the Anglo-American real-wage convergence was due to commodity-price convergence” (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994, p. 892). O’Rourke and Williamson discuss the factor-price-equalization theorem and its meaning for the processes of convergence and economic integration (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994). They concentrate on the facts of price shocks, the peculiarities of trade, capital mobility and other important factors in the economy of the countries and their relations. That is why the article is divided into two parts. The first part presents the evidence which support the information about the features of commodity-price convergence in the 1870-1923’s. The material is based on the data presented in the form of tables which focus on the economy of the United Kingdom and the USA and the peculiarities of convergence. The second part of the work presents the analysis of the information and the impacts of the factors on the two economies which is given as Table 3. The price-factor became the key one for the analysis (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994). The analysis was worked out with the help of the discussion of definite models for Britain and the USA. The evidence from the tables based on the researches provided by famous economists and on the data of statistics. The information from the tables illustrates the peculiarities of US and British commodity markets and the factors for grain-market integration. O’Rourke and Williamson accentuate the characteristics of the models for Britain and the USA which consist of such sectors as manufacturing and mining, agriculture, and services and such factors as land, capital, and labor. However, these models have definite differences (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994). O’Rourke and Williamson have analyzed the results of their investigation in the conclusion part of their work and presented the conclusion in which stated that “commodity-price convergence would have raised nominal wages in each country by approximately the same rate” and “trade did have a powerful impact on factor prices, living standards, and income distribution in the United States and in Britain in the late nineteenth century” (O’Rourke & Williamson, 1994, p. 912). Moreover, they have supported the idea provided by Heckscher and Ohlin. The authors have stated that it is possible to continue the discussion of the problem with references to more evidences and paying much attention to the history of the economy in the other countries of New and Old World. Reference List O’Rourke, K. & Williamson J. G. (1994). Late nineteenth-century Anglo-American factor-price convergence: Were Heckscher and Ohlin right? The Journal of Economic History, 54 , pp. 892-916. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Harm Reduction and Professional Burnout in Nurse Practice Essay (Critical Writing) Harm Reduction Discussion Corporate / scarcity ideologies align with a harm reduction philosophy and policy since the former can affect the latter. These ideologies imply the creation and maintenance of specific ideas, vision, mission, and goals that are to be achieved in medical institutions, especially those paying precise attention to substance abuse prevention and decreasing the treatment with a biomedical model. Móró and Rácz (2013) assume that the mentioned ideologies may be utilized to create an appropriate treatment environment promoted through vision and corporate objectives. Such an approach is likely to assist nurses in understanding what exactly is required to ensure the most effective patient care associated with harm reduction. Addressing social determinants of health may be regarded as harm reduction since this initiative also focuses on the context of drug use. Pauly, Reist, Belle-Isle, and Schactman (2013) emphasize that poverty, homelessness, and other social determinants that impact a person’s decision to use substances are targeted by health care as an attempt to eliminate them in terms of social justice. The promotion of equality in health care services expressed in inequality-responsive care is one of the methods of combating substance abuse. In my practice, I encountered such ethical tension as distrust of patients to harm reduction model that was associated with stigma. Specifically, young adult patients revealed a mismatch between their expectations, needs, and the very logic of the “fixing” method (Lago, Peter, & Bógus, 2017). Therefore, if I were a policymaker, I would propose the creation of specific regulations declaring the necessity of increasing awareness among young people, nurse practitioners, and society as a whole. This initiative would decrease mistrust in people and lead to more effective harm reduction. Burnout Types Of three burnout types such as emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization, I experience emotional exhaustion. Leiter and Laschinger (2006) argue that emotional exhaustion occurs when there is a lack of nurse support, cooperation in an organization, or insufficient responsiveness from management. As a Registered Nurse working in acute care settings, I have to encounter patients in various severe conditions, the treatment of which requires many mental and physical efforts that are the key causes of my emotional exhaustion. In my point of view, my busy schedule does not satisfy my workplace expectations and cause stress and negative emotions that gradually accumulate and lead to emotional burnout. In other words, such a condition may be considered a type of psychological defense mechanism for tension. To increasing the value of nursing work, nurses may report their burnout cases to leaders and managers, so that they may advocate for adjusted regulations and new initiatives aimed at preventing and eliminating burnout. More to the point, they can discuss their problems collectively during meetings and training sessions to resolve the issue in collaboration with each other. The interaction with policymakers and representatives of both local and national organizations is another way to improve the current situation. Specifically to my workplace, I assume that the creation of a welcoming working environment may be proposed. Consistent with Van Bogaert, Kowalski, Weeks, and Clarke (2013), I suggest that the involvement in the decision-making process along with daily tracking of work outcomes may be applied as a means of designing a trusting atmosphere among nurses. Besides, interdisciplinary teamwork initiatives may be applied towards various specialists, thus providing the opportunity to treat patients consistently and avoid misunderstanding between them. References Lago, R. R., Peter, E., & Bógus, C. M. (2017). Harm reduction and tensions in trust and distrust in a mental health service: A qualitative approach. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy , 12 (1), 12-21. Leiter, M. P., & Laschinger, H. K. S. (2006). Relationships of work and practice environment to professional burnout: Testing a causal model. Nursing Research , 55 (2), 137-146. Móró, L., & Rácz, J. (2013). Online drug user-led harm reduction in Hungary: A review of “Daath”. Harm Reduction Journal , 10 (1), 18-27. Pauly, B. B., Reist, D., Belle-Isle, L., & Schactman, C. (2013). Housing and harm reduction: What is the role of harm reduction in addressing homelessness? International Journal of Drug Policy , 24 (4), 284-290. Van Bogaert, P., Kowalski, C., Weeks, S. M., & Clarke, S. P. (2013). The relationship between nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, burnout and job outcome and quality of nursing care: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies , 50 (12), 1667-1677. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How Political Systems Affect Businesses in China? Essay Basic Introduction of the Political System in China Political systems refer to the dogmatic structures, rules, and regulations that control the state power. They dictate how the government and society relate. The government of China has been severally referred as authoritarian and corporatist. However, the primary system of government is a socialist system. The governing party in the country is the Communist Party of China (CPC). CPC power is protected in the China’s constitution. A single party that exercises the state power runs the socialist republic. The political organization of China is decentralized. As a result, the frontrunners of both the provincial and sub-provincial political levels exercise autonomy over their jurisdictions. Recently, many investors from diverse geographical locations around the globe have shifted their focus on the emerging Chinese market that has offered a rich framework for business operations. This essay analyses the effects of the political systems on businesses in China. How Political Systems Affect Businesses in China The Political Environment The country is advancing to establish a full market economy. However, the Chinese government exercises a significant control of the business policies. This situation implies that it has direct control over businesses. The head of the state bear the mandate to set a general course of the country. However, state-level bureaus and agencies are responsible for administering and enforcing commercial and industrial laws. The unitary metropolitan authorities that fall under the state level bureaus play a critical role in economic decision-making by exercising a high level of autonomy in the major cities of China (Chen 288). There are also provincial ruling classes that exercise powers in the countryside and non-Chinese populated regions. Below the provincial level are city governments mandated with administration of China’s second tier of cities (Sheng, Zhou, and Li 11). Investors carrying out business activities interact with the representatives of one or more levels of the administrative hierarchy (Sheng, Zhou, and Li 12). Investments that surpass the set up limits in particular sectors require permission from a higher level. This set of circumstances increases the time of acquiring a business license (Sheng, Zhou, and Li 12). Business activities operating in special zones can have few or no administration bureaucracies. There are laws governing business activities in each sector. Therefore, foreign investors are expected to familiarize themselves with the laws before establishing their businesses in the country (Chen 287). According to Chen, the country has a weak legal system. This set of circumstances enables people to influence commercial activities more than the existing legal infrastructure (287). The country is also said to have a dynamic economy that is suitable for both medium and long-term investments. The country’s socialist market economy enables the government to exercise control over the macroeconomic development by influencing business activities through policies and regulations (Chen 287). In a review of the corporate political actions (CPAs), Jia stated that business firms in the country seek development by undertaking some partisan responsibilities. The major drive to these actions is tackling the impacts of the improper and complicated market-supporting institution. With a weak legal infrastructure, which is difficult to understand and apply, firms have interests in promoting a supportive market environment that will produce a more democratic and civilized economy (295). Corporate political actions (CPAs) are activities that firms embrace to influence political decisions and public policies with a view of improving their performance (Chen 287). The primary aim of the CPAs is to improve both the national and private business infrastructure (Jia 293). Political Risks Jia (300) reveals that China is faced with various political risks. An exceptional political risk faced by businesses in the country is the rivalry between various government levels over the enforcement of law. The unique risk complicates the procedures and rules that govern business activities in the China. As a result, foreign investors find it difficult to interpret and apply such mandates (Jia 300). Influence of Congress and Conference The Congress and Conference are influential bodies in the enforcement of the laws and policies in China. The congress drafts, approves, and oversees the implementation of rules and regulations while the conference advices the government by offering opinions that influence the Congress decisions. Both bodies exist in four administrative levels namely the national, provincial, prefecture, and county levels (Jia 293). Firms participating in the Congress or Conference have benefit from gaining political power. A firm owner who is a member of the Conference or Congress enjoys a variety of benefits that are not possible for non-members. For instance, members are not subject to harassment or local government bureaucracies (Jia 311). Influence of All-China Federation of Industry & Commerce (ACFIC) The ACFIC represents interests of industrial and commercial businesses in the country. It creates a link between private entrepreneurs and the government (Jia 310). It also participates in making critical political decisions that affect businesses. In addition, the ACFIC provides room for achieving collective benefits by lobbying for public policies (Chen 207). Conclusion The China government is primarily based on socialist and communist systems. Investing or undertaking business activities in the country requires thorough research of the governing laws. The administrative structure in the country is hierarchical with a complex legal infrastructure governing industrial and commercial activities. This set of circumstances scares many entrepreneurs from investing in the country. Works Cited Chen, Regina. “The Strategic Management Of Government Affairs In China: How Multinational Corporations In China Interact With The Chinese Government.” Journal of Public Relations Research 19.3(2007): 283-306. Print. Jia, Nan. “Are Collective Political Actions And Private Political Actions Substitutes Or Complements? Empirical Evidence from China’s Private Sector.” Strategic Management Journal 35.2(2014): 292-315. Print. Sheng, Shibin, Kevin Zhou, and Julie Li. “The Effects of Business and Political Ties on Firm Performance: Evidence from China.” Journal of Marketing 75.1(2011): 1-15. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Linguistics and the Word ‘Like’ Usage Essay Introduction Patricia O’Conner through her article proved that grammar is simple and entertaining. In an article she wrote, she comes out clearly explaining the use of the word ‘like’ and proves that it is actually not grammatically wrong as perceived by many people. This essay is a short summary of that article she wrote. In this essay the main points concerning the use of the word ‘like’ is highlighted with different views concerning the word examined Summary The word like is used in a range of uses. As a verb, it is used to express feelings of fondness between two or among many people. It is also used as preposition to compare two similar ideas. The word can also be used as a quotative. It is used by young people to quote or paraphrase speeches of other people but often with sarcasm or irony. The word is also used to describe thoughts running within ones mind without necessarily speaking them out, for instance, ‘I am like, this is not fair at all!’ When like is used to describe thoughts as above, it does not serve in the same capacity as an adverb. The article by Patricia also aired some opinions about the use of the word OK claiming that it is grammatically correct. The word like has been included in some dictionaries at the capacity of being used as an informal word in informal speeches and there is a feeling that it is a good innovative addition to English. Though the word ‘like’ seems to face some opposition, the author of the article is optimistic about the role that the word plays. She calls the word innovative and argues that it serves better as a quotative compared to other words. To many people, the use of the word has been associated with kids. Ironically, some old people have been observed to use the word unknowingly with a good example being the author’s mother who was still using the word in her fifties. Another example given in the article is that of an aunt of Jessica; the aunt used the word probably unknowingly. Geoffrey Pullum who wrote The Cambridge grammar of English Language also supports the usage of the word like as he says that it is quite logical and reasonable. According to professor Arnold Zwicky, people associate this word with teenagers and anything that is associated with young people tends to be disdained. This explains why this word is highly criticized. Another reason forwarded to explain the resistance of the word like is the perception that it is used by people with less education. According to Zwicky, using this word to many people is a sign of been uneducated and on the contrary, everyone wants to sound educated. O’Conner is of the opinion that young people are aware that the word is not always formal and so they only use it in informal speeches. Zwicky experiences this with his students who are quite fond of the word and uses it informally. O’Conner challenges parents who criticize the use of the word like to stop as there is nothing wrong with using that word and furthermore parents often use it unknowingly. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is a slowly progressive degenerative disorder of the nervous system characterized by tremors when muscles are at rest, slowness of voluntary movements, and increased muscle tone (rigidity) (Beers et al 546). It commonly begins between the ages of 50 and 79 and is twice as common with white people as the blacks (Beers et al 546). Background information: Parkinson’s disease dates back to about 5000 years ago to Indian alternative medicine, Ayurveda which diagnosed and treated people for Parkinsonism (Harris1). Early in the19th century, a British physician Doctor James Parkinson wrote an essay about the disease and named it ‘the shaking palsy. He published his paper after observing six of his patients suffer from the shaking disease and recommended the scientists come up with a cure (Harris 2). Sixty years after the publication of the paper, a French neurologist in his research for the cure of the shaking disease renamed the disease Parkinson’s after recognizing the critical contribution by Dr. Parkinson (Harris 3). “In 1960, researchers discovered that patients who suffered from Parkinson’s had a lack of the chemical dopamine in the brain and they started to prescribe levodopa, a drug which helped in minimizing uncontrollable muscle movement, rigidity, and slurred speech among patients” (Harris 4). “The reality of the disease was realized when Popular television and movie star Michael J. Fox became perhaps the highest-profile celebrity to suffer from the disease” (Harris 5). Symptoms: Usually, Parkinson’s disease begins subtly and progresses gradually. It begins with a coarse, rhythmic tremor in the hand while the hand is at rest. The tremor decrease when the hand is moving purposefully and disappears completely during sleep (Beers et al 547). Emotional stress or fatigue may increase the tremor (Beers et al 547). The tremor may then progress to other parts of the body like the legs the jaws and eyelids. Other early symptoms may include a reduced sense of smell due to difficulty in sniffing (deliberately breathing in large amounts of air) and the degeneration of brain cells connected with the sense of smell. Muscles become rigid and impair various body movements. The patient suffers a lack of facial expressions with infrequent blinking (Beers et al 547). Gradually, the movement becomes slow and difficult to initiate. Decreased mobility contributes to muscle ache and fatigue (Beers et al 547). Due to the impairment on the muscle, small tasks such as buttoning a shirt and tying shoe races become harder (Beers et al 547). The handwriting becomes shaky and tiny because initiating and sustaining each stroke of a pen is difficult (Beers et al 547). Later, the patients have difficulty in walking and especially taking the first step (Beers et al 547). “Once started, they often shuffle, taking short steps without swinging their body as they walk. Posture becomes stooped and balance is difficult to maintain. The face becomes less expressive because the facial muscles that control expression do not move” (Beers et al 547). Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on symptoms. Mild early disease may be difficult for doctors to diagnosis because it begins subtly (Beers et al 547). Diagnosis is especially very difficult in old people because, aging can cause some of the same problems caused by Parkinson’s disease like loss of balance, slow movements, muscle stiffness, and stooped posture (Beers et al 547). No tests or imaging procedures can directly confirm the diagnosis(Beers et al 548). However, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to look for a structural disorder that may be the cause of the symptoms (Beers et al 548). Treatment: Continuing to perform as many activities as possible can help people with Parkinson’s disease maintain mobility (Beers et al 548). Physical and occupational therapy can help them maintain or regain muscle tone, maintain range of motion and learn the adaptive strategy (Beers et al 550). No drugs can cure Parkinson’s disease or stop its progression but many drugs can make movement easier and enable people to function well (Beers et al 548). Levodopa is can effectively be used to reduce tremors, muscle rigidity and to improve the movement of a patient. It is mainly given with carbidopa to prevent converting into dopamine before it reaches the brain (Beers et al 550). There can also be a surgical procedure performed in the basal ganglia to destroy a tiny area around it (Beers et al 551). This procedure can be done mostly at the later stages of the disease especially when a patient has developed levodopa tolerance (Beers et al 551). Prognosis: Parkinson’s disease is progressive and therefore, patients eventually need help especially in day-to-day activities. They become severely disabled and immobile. They may be unable to eat even with assistance (Beers et al 552). Dementia develops in about half the people who suffer from this disease. The patients suffer swallowing difficulties and therefore, they are likely to die due to aspiration pneumonia. The disease is known to cause depression in patients as it causes changes in the chemical composition of the brain that is in charge of emotional well-being. In later stages of the disease, it may cause lowered thinking capabilities, memory loss, and problems in solving the simplest problems. Patients at this stage require support from the members of the family or they can be taken to a nursing home of which the latter is the best option. Works cited Beers, Fletcher, et al. the Merck manual of medical information . 2 nd . NJ. Merck Research laboratories. 2003. Print. Harris, C. B. “What Year Was Parkinson’s disease Discovered?” e how 2009: n. Pag. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Dealing with Other People Essay In our daily activities, we interact with a variety of people from different lifestyles. We encounter people in different situations thereby calling for a different portrayal of the way we deal with each of them. Like any other person, I had a distinct way of dealing with people described as flexible as opposed to rigid. Since my earlier stage of life, I adopted an open and a positive way of interacting with people, socialization that has played a key role in my way of dealing with them. For instance, in the workplace, I like associating with my colleagues and especially the low-level staffs. I find gratitude when I speak with them sharing issues relating to life. This has enabled my junior level staffs to be free and open to me and even going further to tell me about their personal lives. Likewise, this has also affected me as I share with them my personal experiences. When it comes to my family members and relatives, I am very close to them, and dealing with them has been very easy, as they understand me wholesomely, as I likewise understand them. This closeness has made dealing with them easier. However, my decision to change from the way I deal with them is due to increased responsibility in terms of addressing some of their problems. Also, most of them seek my assistance, both financial and social, hence inconveniencing most of my plans. Therefore, by distance from them, it will help me in dealing with them effectively. My new way of dealing with them is by distancing myself from them. I manage this by reducing my level of interaction with them. When I am interacting with them, I avoid discussing personal issues but focus on the most important things. For instance, at work, I have cut my interactions and availability. Furthermore, I try as much as possible to put on a serious face, by depicting my authority whereby I present myself to them as their boss. When it comes to family relationships, I have improvised ways in which I deal with them. One of the ways is avoiding unnecessary meetings and gatherings, which do not add value to me. Also, I am clear about my boundary, as I do not allow myself to be a friend to everyone sometimes denying myself some crucial favors. Furthermore, I tell those who try to encroach on my time to “excuse me when I require ample time” (Dustin, 2005, p.45). This change has had remarkable impacts, not only to me but also to the people I encounter. Moving from the way people knew me and the way I used to do my things has significantly affected me to some level. One of the effects is the feeling of betrayal from the people. People who knew me as a socializing person and a person who once liked making fun have not yet believed my changed style of living. This change has early affected them as they always feel that I was a pretender or rather a spy who wanted to get something from them. They always feel secluded developing a negative attitude towards me. On the other hand, this trend has also affected me negatively as I feel something missing in me. I have lost morale with a feeling of losing my dear friends, who initially interacted with me freely. Reference List Dustin, W. (2005). 7 Ways to Deal with Annoying People and Still Get Things Done. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Qasr Al Hosn Festival Press Release Essay Table of Contents 1. For release February 28, 2014 2. The Qasr Al Hosn festival 3. About Qasr Al Hosn 4. About Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority (TCA) For release February 28, 2014 Qasr Al Hosn Fort, Abu Dhabi-the Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority are pleased to announce the Qasr Al Hon festival. The festival is a celebration of Abu Dhabi’s history and culture. It will offer participants an opportunity to experience and enjoy various aspects of Emirati culture. The festival will be opened on February 25, 2014, and will display several themes of UAE’s rich history that is of great importance to its members. The festival has been celebrated since the development of the fort in the 1760s. Workshops will be offered selectively because only a few seats are available. Workshops will include information on the Abu Dhabi Island, the desert, marine life, oases, and the Emirati cultural foundation. The demonstration will take place at 4 pm and 11 pm. Visitors do not require registration. A talk on Qasr Al Hosn will be conducted on February 28, 2014, to explore the history of the UAE. The Qasr Al Hosn festival The festival has been celebrated annually and it highlights the most important aspects of Emirati history. Visitors will get an opportunity to visit and enjoy the magnificence of Abu Dhabi’s oldest fort. All the activities and displays at the event will reflect various aspects of Emirati history for the last two hundred and fifty years. Apart from celebrating the Emirati history, the festival aims to give visitors a chance to appreciate the Emirati heritage that is the core of their culture and society. Activities will include interactive workshops, educative sessions on Emirati art and culture, historical tours, displays, and exhibitions of various artifacts. Besides, participants will enjoy a demonstration of various cultural activities and skills, and get an opportunity to visit the Qasr al Hosn fort. About Qasr Al Hosn Qasr al Hosn represents the birthplace of Abu Dhabi because it was where the first royal family lived. The then leader Sheikh Dhiyab Bin Isa constructed it in the 1760s as a watchtower. The erection of the tower encouraged settlements around the area. These settlements created a community that represented the first community of the Emirati. Various tribes settled in different regions. For example, the Bani Yas tribe settled move southwards and settled at the coat. Sheikh Shakhbut Bin Dhiyab turned the watchtower into a fortress fort. Initially, the fort was constructed with coral and sea stones that made it impenetrable. It would sparkle because of the seashells plastered on the fort’s walls. The sparkle attracted many merchants and the fort became a trade hub. In the early years of the 19 th century, Sheikh Tahoon Bin Shakhbut expanded the fort and consequently attracted thousands of settlers. The traditional village transformed into a flourishing city. Further expansion took place during the period that involved the discovery of oil. Oil revenues were used to build a palace that comprised the fort. Later, the palace was transformed into a museum that would house various cultural artifacts of the Emirati. Plans are underway to reduce the fort into its original brickwork to reduce the accumulation of corrosive moisture on the walls of the museum. About Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority (TCA) TCA is a division of the Emirati government that deals with activities and celebrations that involve the culture of the Emirati. It is responsible for organizing the Qasr Al Hosn festival. Its role is to ensure that visitors are provided with the necessary information regarding the schedule of the festival. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The $ 787 Billion Economic Stimulus Bill Research Paper The recently signed $ 787 Billion economic stimulus package by Barack Obama has been claimed as the measure that would get the American economy back on track. Obama claims that the plan would create over 3.5 million jobs, tax cuts would help millions of common Americans who were struggling to make both ends meet and the bail out to major companies would help save thousands jobs. Obama has also vowed to cut down wasteful spending and tighten the belts of those companies that seek a government bail out. He has also promised to penalize companies that outsource. So is this great ‘New Deal’ the way ahead to stabilize the economy or will it end in yet another costly failure? Is Protectionism the right way to go? Critics of the Bill are already decrying it as a ‘pipedream’ which offers nothing new. Republicans say that “a bill that’s supposed to be about jobs, jobs, jobs has turned into a bill that’s about spending, spending and spending (Faler para 7)”. Republicans also accuse the Democrats of ‘rushing’ through the bill which at over 1000 pages is too long for any member of the senate to have actually read it. Hence the devil in the detail may actually prove to be the Bill’s undoing. Domestically, the tax cuts promised by Obama have met with criticism stating that it will only cause additional burden on the exchequer and not address the real problem – of job loss. Common Americans wonder what could be the rationale for bailing out the big wigs that come to Capitol Hill asking for dole flying in private company owned jets!! The housing sector collapse has not been addressed sufficiently by the Stimulus plan. Though housing is cheapest today since the 1970s, people are not buying, waiting for the prices to fall further. According to Samuelson instead of just focussing on foreclosures the stimulus plan should have looked at bribing the prospective buyers by giving them a 10% tax cut. This would motivate buyers to enter the market and create 2,50,000 jobs. The overt protectionist clauses of the bill on outsourcing and import taxation will only hurt American companies that made profits due to outsourcing. Protectionist measures are sure to invite retaliatory measures by countries affected. Countries like China and India account for more than half of America’s outsourced business ventures. China owns Billions of Dollars of American government bonds that in effect subsidise American debt. The World Trade Organisation boss Pascal Lamy has already warned that global trade talks could remain stalled if the Obama administration back pedals on liberalisation. Lamy’s hypothetical case that if the US closes $ 80 Billion car imports from China, Japan, and Europe could cause the very same countries to close American imports to their countries ‘worth US $ 120 Billion” (Lamy para 7) is a reality. Will Obamanomics of neo-protectionism sound the death knell for Free Trade championed by America for so long or will it help America rescue its economy? The Economis t observes that the recently announced curbs on immigration and H1-B visas will only force the innovators to go elsewhere to Britain or Europe (para 6). The author of this essay opines that though well meaning, the President’s decidedly protectionist streak in the Stimulus Bill will do America more harm than good and it may well be prudent to water down the ‘Buy American’ rhetoric and remove the protectionist clauses and concentrate on ‘start ups’ instead of ‘bail outs’. Works Cited Faler, Brian. “US Congress Gives Final Approval to $ 787 Billion Stimulus.” 2009. Bloomberg.com. Web. Lamy, Pascal. “Protectionism cannot be Smart, Lamy tells Australian Think-tank.” 2009. WTO website. Samuelson, Robert J. “Wrong Turn on Housing.” 2009. The Washington Post online. Web. The Economist. “Protectionism Rears its Ugly Head.” 2009. The Economist.com. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Soviet Spacecraft and the Image of Venus Surface Essay People remember the Space Race mainly as the struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union for the Orbit of, the Moon, and Mars. However, there was another celestial object that attracted the interest of scientists from both sides. It was Venus, a planet with a highly toxic atmosphere located between Mercury and Earth. Surprisingly, astronomers back then believed that Venus is habitable and that its atmosphere and climate are similar to Earth (Howell, 2019). However, a series of probes sent to the planet in the 60s showed that the environment on Venus is close to the Christian description of Hell (Howell, 2019). The ambition to colonize Venus quickly faded away, but the enthusiasm for the study remained. So Soviet scientists launched a series of spacecraft to explore the surface of Venus in more detail in the 80s. According to Howell (2019), “Venera 13, a Soviet spacecraft, was the first lander to transmit color images from the surface of Venus” (para. 1). It is worth mentioning that Soviet astronomers experienced both successes and failures in transmitting any data from the toxic planet before the launch of Venera 13 (Howell, 2019). It was a significant achievement for both Soviet astronomers and the world scientific community. I consider this event important for the history of space exploration because it was one of the first steps toward a complex study of surfaces of astronomical objects with extreme atmospheres. The case of Venera 13 showed that earthly materials are robust enough for extraterrestrial conditions and that the technological capabilities of humankind are sufficient to collect various data not only from the Moon. Venera 13 gives hope to astronomers and other scientists from the field of space exploration to study not only the surfaces of planets but also their depths. References Howell, E. (2019). Venera 13 and the mission to reach Venus . Space. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Immigrants in “Mexicans in the Making of America” by Neil Foley Essay Neil Foley talks about the role of Mexican Americans in the history of the U.S. in Mexicans in the Making of America. The author gave his view of these events in the first chapter, “The Genesis of Mexican America,” where he presented the history of the appearance of Mexican Americans and the silent conflict between the two countries. The author’s central claim is that the American government created an image of lazy Mexican immigrants who cross the border to murder and sell illicit drugs; this stigmatization affected Mexican Americans, too (Foley 34). However, the truth was that white settlers from the southern states were illegal invaders in Texas in the 1830s because they refused to obey the country’s laws (Imery-Garcia 12). Discrimination against Mexican immigrants and citizens was rooted in the 1846-1848 war and the treaty’s approval, which included Texas and Mexican people living there into the U.S. territory and being denied their rights. It was interesting to learn from this chapter the viewpoint of many people in the United States about Mexico as a country of cruel and uneducated people. Indeed, it points to the erased memory of the Aztec Empire, the abolition of slavery in Mexico much earlier than in the U.S., and the annexation of Texas. The 1846-1848 war between the two countries was an unfair, violent act of the U.S. government towards a weaker neighbor, which suffered economic downfall at that time (Foley 24). The new legislation after the war gave people the choice of returning to Mexico or becoming U.S. citizens with formally equal rights that were not respected in reality (Gutiérrez 5). Therefore, most of them wanted to be viewed as Spanish Americans rather than people of Mexican descent to avoid stigmatization. I agree with the author’s final point that this historical event created not only a political border between two neighbors but caused subsequent misunderstandings in the relationships between the two nations. In summary, the first chapter in Foley’s Mexicans in the Making of America talks about the origin of Mexican Americans. Specifically, it analyzed the role of the war between Mexico and the U.S. for Texas’s territory in the future political climate between these countries. Overall, the annexation of Texas damaged the relations between them, resulting in the negative perception of Mexican immigrant workers and the desire of Mexican Americans to hide their ancestry. Works Cited Foley, Neil. Mexicans in the Making of America . Harvard University Press, 2014. Gutiérrez, Ramón A. “Mexican immigration to the United States.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History , edited by John Butler, Oxford University Press, 2019, pp. 1-32. Imery-Garcia, Ash. How Mexican Immigrants Made America Home . The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2018. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Positive Role Model in “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen Essay Feminism is recognized as advocacy of female rights in politics, economy, and education that requires equality with male rights in all fields. In the past, men were perceived as superior gender compared to women, and, therefore, females struggled in fighting for their rights. Ibsen wrote A Doll’s House at times of significant changes regarding women’s rights enabling them to control their funds and enter higher educational establishments. By and whole, Ibsen presented the female suffering in the battle for equality with men in the face of Nora who was portrayed as a true feminist role model. Ibsen includes in his book the evident norms of the patriarchal society. To be more exact, the main female character, Nora, is given her roles, such as daughter, wife, and mother, by men that surround her daily. In addition, the name of the book, A Doll’s House , implies the place that she was trapped in while being married to her husband (Meyer 1257). Furthermore, Nora sees herself as a doll manipulated by Torvald, who does not let her leave this dollhouse. However, Nora realizes her self-worth and starts fighting for her rights as her husband claims that her duties are only to him and his children, “I have other duties just as sacred … to myself” (Ibsen, 2020, p. 314). Consequently, she decides to leave the house and her family due to her being tired of such an attitude (Meyer 1259). By and whole, this part of the story is the beginning of Nora’s feminism journey and the battle for earning respect from men. Furthermore, the norms of the patriarchal society are included in Torvald’s attitude to Nora. Nora’s husband does not consider her to be his equal and, therefore, dehumanizes her by calling his wife various pet names, “Is it my little squirrel bustling about?” (Ibsen, 2020, p. 9; Meyer 1262). In addition, Nora is surrounded by females who sacrificed their selves to follow society’s norms. For instance, her nanny abandoned her husband and children to care for her to earn money for providing for her loved ones. Similarly, Nora unconsciously replicates the stories of her female examples as she also does not protect her own desires and wishes and puts all her effort into marriage and motherhood. Nevertheless, Torvald does not recognize Nora as a fit person to teach his children, “I shall not allow you to bring up the children; I dare not trust them to you” (Ibsen, 2020, p. 242). To conclude, by presenting Nora in this way, Ibsen portrays feminism through her while her husband, Torvald, is recognized as a follower of patriarchic social norms. Moreover, Nora’s primary wish is freedom: from titles, obligations, and stereotypes. Therefore, she seeks her true self away from her home and family. Still, she has a strong character since she decides to save her husband without judging him for his attitude. Nora aims to express her opinion regarding the same rights and abilities that women have when caring for family and children. She rejects the social norm of females being only mothers and wives, which obviously requires bravery and confidence. As a result, it seems that Nora is a true example of a strong feminist woman who is not afraid to protect herself against men and thrives to become the person she truly is (Meyer 1266). By and whole, the main female character represents the traits that women need to acquire in order to be equal with men. To sum up, A Doll’s House presents the harsh life of the mother and wife, Nora, who is trapped with her husband with no choices and goals. Her community and society blindly follow the social norms of men being superior, smarter, and more robust. However, Nora finds her strength to battle such stereotypes and be her true self away from home and family. Overall, Nora is portrayed with the vital traits that help her overcome this inequality and shows people nowadays the real struggles of females and how they should behave to earn their freedom. Works Cited Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll’s House . CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2020. Meyer, Michael. “A Critical Case Study: Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House.” The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature , 7th ed., Boston, Saint Martin’s Press, 2006, pp. 1257–1267. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What is an ethical choice? Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Ethics and ethical choice(s) 3. How ethical choices are made 4. Reference List Introduction All of us make choices each and every day. A number of our picks are sensible choices concerning what is going to turn out most excellent, in various ways. Those choices do not essentially entail to be correct or incorrect. They are all about effectiveness, accessibility, realism or inclination. But then, a lot of our decisions touch on doing the right thing. Every one of these decisions entails thousands of points spinning within the brain. In a blink of an eye the human mind evaluates the details, looks at one’s thoughts, assesses the probable outcome(s), weighs the alternatives against one’s convictions and priorities, mulls over what other persons may think, and offers the cue for action (Arizona Character Education Foundation, 2010). Choices take place so fast but the end result(s) could stay put for a lifetime. This is the reason as to why watchful deliberation is vital. It establishes the course of virtually every aspect of human life, and thus, the importance that ethical choosing holds. Ethics is a division of philosophy that concentrates on integrity. Integrity encompasses various ideas such as good and evil, right and wrong, etcetera. Ethics and ethical choice(s) Ethics refers to a band of values that guides people on the way in which they should go about in making various choices. There is no single individual with strong personality who goes about minus a code of morals. An ethical choice involves one doing more that he or she has to do. It is choosing to do what one has to do. Since operating with honor at times means not doing what one would like to do, ethical choices call for self-discipline (Miller, 2009, p. 34). An ethical choice entails making out the disparity between right and wrong. It is a dedication to do all that is right, respectable and principled. It involves one asking themselves whether they are ready to bear the price for going ahead with an unethical decision. The right or the ethical choice calls for guts. This is because it can cost an individual more in acquaintance, wealth, stature or gratification as opposed to what he or she may be willing to part with. The ethical decision is not normally the easiest way to go, however, getting used to saying no when one feels like saying yes builds character. How ethical choices are made Ethical choices require time and measured deliberation. To begin with, one has to reflect on the effect of his or her actions on all those involved and/or will be impinged on by the decision. Essentially, one has to establish whoever probably stands to be assisted or hurt, with the main aim being to ensure fairness to all. There are quite a number of basic rules for life and they include; trust, respect, accountability, evenhandedness, and caring, among others. An ethical choice involves the decision-maker questioning whether the choice taken is trustworthy, respectful, responsible, and caring (Arizona Character Education Foundation, 2010). Ethical choices which take into account the mentioned values outweigh and take precedence over unethical ones. The long term outweighs the short term. Once all these steps are followed and one is still uncertain if they will be making an ethical choice, then one would rather opt for the alternative that will turn out the majority good for a majority of people. To do away with unethical choices one is required to ignore matters having nothing to do with ethics for instance authority and fame and go with the most moral alternative left. Reference List Arizona Character Education Foundation. (2010). Making Ethical Decisions. Web. Miller, C. (2009). The Conditions of Moral Realism . The Journal of Philosophical Research , 34.1: 123-155. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Importance of Medication Management Essay Persons with severe mental illnesses require a proper integration of medication management approaches to ensure a healthy and steady control of the key risk factors alongside a potential recovery. To conduct medication management in an evidence-based and effective manner, one should be willing to understand the risk-benefit elements of the given measures as well as utilize the advantages or benefits of collaborative decision-making approaches. It is important to note that medications can be natural and highly effective at treating serious cases of mental illnesses, but they also can be particularly dangerous to the patients, which makes the subject of interest a relevant and necessary aspect of managing the medications of these individuals. For example, the drugs such as morphine, digitalis, lithium, and aspirin are effective drugs at improving the symptoms and outcomes of severe mental illnesses, but they also bring a host of health risks to their users (SW Classes, n.d.a). Therefore, approaches, such as shared decision-making to medication management, need to be put in place to ensure the care provided to a patient is centered on him or her. The described measures can mainly involve three parties, such as psychiatrists, care coordinators, and service users, who need to cooperate to make a joint decision on medication-based treatment. The main benefit is that all parties can reach a clear agreement, but the challenge emerges when there is no structure or collaboration, which yields conflict and hindrances to the treatment (SW Classes, n.d.b). In addition, peer advocates on an interdisciplinary team can support the given collaborative approach by ensuring that the procedural protocols allocate resources and give sufficient power to mandate certain requirements for the benefit of the patient. References SW Classes. (n.d.a). Alan Gelenberg, MD [Video]. YouTube. SW Classes. (n.d.b). Medication management [Video]. YouTube. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Apple Company and Its Effects on Society | Apple Analytical Essay Table of Contents 1. Apple Company Introduction 2. Apple Company Background 3. Effect on ordinary people 4. Effect on employees 5. Effect on costs 6. Effects on other electronics companies 7. Apple Company Conclusion 8. Works Cited Apple Company Introduction The Apple Company has made an indelible mark in the world stage with its innovations that have changed the way people use computers and mobile devices. Apple has been very successful and it is worth billions (Farivar 1). The share price of the company is over $530 making Apple the most successful company in the technological sector. In this paper, the effect of the apple company on the society in terms of ordinary people, employees, costs and on other electronic companies will be discussed. Apple Company Background Apple started in 1976 and its effect on ordinary people started with the introduction of personal computers. The personal computer revolutionized the technological world. The personal computers had a simple design and they were user-friendly to people. However, Apple did not achieve a large market share in the face of stiff competition from other companies. As a result it started a product that has become part and parcel of modern day activities from the office to homes and the brand of choice (Sanderson 1). The products that Apple has produced such as iPod, iPhone, IPad are household names. Effect on ordinary people They have changed the way people buy music with the successful iTunes store. The products are sleek and functional and help meet needs that ordinary people did not know they had (Greenwood 1). The effect of Apple can be seen with the excitement that announcement of any new products create and the long queues of people waiting to buy them. Apple will continue to affect the lives of ordinary people through innovation of useful new products. Effect on employees The employees of Apple have to stay at the top of their game to continue releasing new products that stir the market. They must maintain the high standards that the former Apple products have set and surpass them. The employees must remain committed to the vision of Apple as embodied by Steve Jobs. He is synonymous to Apple, and with his demise the company employees have to deal with the post-Jobs era. They are constantly faced asked what Jobs would have done about the decisions made by the new CEO Tim Cook, and such questions may frustrate some. The employees have to adjust working under Tim Cook who is different from Jobs and continue working hard to keep steering Apple towards its vision (Cheng 1). Effect on costs The price tag on Apple products is high unlike that of other companies. The features of Apple’s products are high quality and unmatched in the market. Therefore, Apple is able to charge high prices, but customers still buy because they feel the products are worth (Greenwood 1). The cost of the Apple products is not likely to come down as the company offers other things for instance after sale services and customer care support. The company has an edge over the other companies with its brand products that have won the faith of many people and created loyal fan base. On the other hand, the company produces its products in China amidst of criticism for shipping jobs overseas, but the cost of production is cheaper than at home increasing the profit margin. Effects on other electronics companies Apple is the leader in the tech world and it has a major impact on other electronics companies. Its greatest rival in the mobile technological market is Samsung that leads the competition in the sale of mobile devices. Furthermore, Apple faces competition from other smaller companies that have improved their products to tap into the market. They produce products similar to those of Apple, but their prices are lower hence they will get customers who want the experience of sleek gadgets, but at a cheap price. One the other hand, in the wake of patent suit against Samsung for patent infringement, the other companies have to be careful in designing their products lest they make them similar to Apple products and get slapped with a patent suit. The fear of suits can curtail some electronics company innovation (Mullis 1). Apple Company Conclusion Apple has changed the world through its products. The effects on consumers is phenomenon and only the future knows what products the Apple is going to bring to the market if their past trend is anything to go by, and it is likely to remain a giant for a long time. They have come up with products that people never imagined they needed, but once introduced to them they became hooked. Apple is a maverick in the technology world, and the successful strategies they employ are likely to keep the company on an upward trend, consolidating its lead and market share. The company has huge cash reserves at its disposal that it can use to develop products, and invest in any area they see fit to ensure that the company remains the leader in the technological world. Therefore, Apple will continue to affect the society in the near future with its strong brands that are famous across the globe. Works Cited Cheng, Jacqui. The ghost of Jobs: Apple’s challenge to decide “what would Steve do?” 5 Oct. 2012. Web. Farivar, Cyrus. 30 years of Apple: Accessing Apple’s impact . 31 Mar. 2012. Web. Greenwood, Ben. Apples booms so what next for the tech giant ? 2012. Web. Mullis, Steve. Apple’s patent win could Alter Landscape of smart phone Industry . 25 Aug. 2012. Web. Sanderson, Rachel. The Apple brand has the biggest impact on the world’s consumers, while Microsoft and the United States nation brand are those considered most in need of a remake, a survey showed on Monday. 31 Mar. 2008. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Value chain concept 3. Diversification 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction In today’s competitive business arena, companies must boost their competitive advantage through various concepts and strategies. The paper shall look at how this can be done through the value chain concept, employee motivation and through diversification. Employee motivation can be defined as a process by which behavior and purpose is accorded to employees psychologically. There are various theories that explain how motivation works. In the need hierarchy theory put forward by Maslow, there are two categories of needs that can either lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction; the latter are caused by lack of extrinsic and hygiene factors like job security and pay while the former are caused by intrinsic and motivating factors such as recognition and achievement. In the equity theory, employees are motivated to perform when they feel their rewards are equal to those of their counterparts. On the other hand, the reinforcement theory puts forward the assertion that staff members are likely to repeat actions that brought them positive outcomes and avoid those ones that yielded negative ones. Therefore, managers ought to strive to reinforce desired behavior by enacting positive outcomes. Lastly, in the expectancy theory, employees are motivated by positive rewards than negative ones. (Smith, 1994) Given the various types of theories on employee motivation, managers must decide on which theory will work for them. Irrespective of the kind of theory chosen, researches have shown that employees are highly motivated by the nature of work. In other words, they are driven by interesting work. Therefore, job enrichment, job enlargement, promotions and training can be very effective ways of making jobs interesting. Also, it has been shown that pay is another key motivator. In this regard, employers should strive to boost both monetary and non monetary compensations. They can also provide either external or internal stipends. Value chain concept The value chain concept refers to a link of activities that are essential in adding value to any business product. These activities are ranked in order of priority; some fall under the primary category while others belong to the support category. All activities carried out during production i.e. inbound logistics, those carried out when assessing product demand i.e. sales and marketing, those ones carried out for maintenance i.e. services and outbound logistics are all primary activities. On the other hand, support activities include technology, procurement, human resource management and infrastructure management. (Buford, 2000) The value chain concept is essential in strategy planning as managers have now embraced the possibilities that can come with it. One way in which this can be achieved is by ensuring that different aspects of value added in the production process are captured. For instance, managers can look for creative ways of reducing costs. For example, one can decide to make one’s manufacturing units closer to one’s suppliers so as to reduce transport costs and hence add value to service, maintenance and even outbound logistics. Another strategy that managers can employ in their business processes is to adopt various value chain concept frameworks. These are reference models that assist companies in the process of making their value chain activities more effective. For example, business owners can adopt a Design chain reference framework that can go a long way in making developmental processes more reliable and successful. Diversification Diversification is a marketing strategy in which companies seek to boost their sales volumes hence their profits through formation of new markets and creation of new products. It should be noted that diversification is not just for the entire organization; it can also be carried on a smaller scale where it can be restricted to a certain business unit. There are two major reasons that can prompt managers to opt for diversification. The first is in order to embrace more opportunities and the second is to protect oneself from an overly concentrated market. Business owners have a series of strategy alternatives that can be used to diversify their considerations. For instance, they can adopt horizontal diversification. Here, new products that are unrelated to existing ones are added into the product base. However, those products must be able to appeal to a similar market base. The major advantage of such a strategy is that marketing efforts need not be engineered. On the other hand it causes rigidity. (Day, 1993) Companies have the alternative of adopting a concentric diversification strategy. In doing this, they can introduce a product that is technologically related to their already existing lines; however, the product must appeal to different markets. This normally works if managers look for new ways of marketing those new additions. Lastly, businesses can opt for conglomerate diversification. In this strategy, companies decide to introduce new products or services that are not in any way related to their core products both technologically and in terms of its markets. This can go a long way in making a company’s market base, returns and hence profitability much larger. However, the major problem with this strategy is that it is a very risky as companies are literally venturing into unknown waters. Conclusion Employee motivation can be implemented through various theories, however researches show that pay and job enrichment are key activities that need to be considered by managers. The value chain concept can be configured to maximize value through reengineering different activities. Diversification strategies can be adopted in different ways but each strategy largely depends on a company’s ability/ interest to embrace risk, change technology and change its market tactics. References Smith, G. (1994). Motivation . New York: Free press. Buford, J. (2000). “Management and extension.” Extension journal , 30(1), 22. Day, G. (1993). Strategic market planning . NY: Wiley and sons publishers. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
What I Want From Executive MBA Program Essay Introduction EMBA (Executive MBA) program’s main objective is to provide to the students high managerial competence, international mindset and enrichment through diversity, leadership and personal development. By realizing these objectives students would be able to solve various problems and make rigorous analyses, understand global business and cultures to be global leaders, gain interpersonal and teamwork skill, develop creative intuition, and be encouraged for new ideas and challenges breaking conventional wisdom. Executive MBA Program is composed of Business Fundamentals and Managerial Practices, with Leadership and Personal Development and Application exercises running throughout the program. Main Text In EMBA course the students have the possibility to elect among many subjects according to their objectives and needs. In this course I am going to study subjects that include the area of management, marketing, finance etc. All the subjects are very useful to me and the knowledge they provide are connected to each other.I just finished my first class EMBA fundamentals, so I may say that I got the important basic concepts and principles regarding the fundamental subjects. Now I have to continue gathering deep information in the subjects where I am more interested in. Because of my needs I think there should be more financial classes included in the program. I am supply chain manager for manufacturing. My job there needs the proper information in accounting and finance subject. So I would like to develop my preparation especially in the finance area. The EMBA program will be very helpful to me through subjects like “Financial Management”, “Entrepreneurial Finance”, and “International Finance”. The first subject explores the strategic decisions that lead to capital spending. Also are discussed other problems like the risk element in financial decision-making or financial instruments that have evolved to re-allocate risk in the economy. The second subject seeks to provide me with a working knowledge of international financial instruments, markets, and institutions. In the “Entrepreneurial Finance” topic such as: Bank Financing, Valuation, Technology and entrepreneurship are covered in a dynamic and challenging environment. The course is online and offers me the possibility to continue working and also doing any other activity but a part of my job has turned into a problem for me. I travel a lot and that is why has become very important at this point to define a certain policy plan. At first I should make more efforts to manage my time correctly. I have to give the appropriate time to all my activities. I may begin to stop traveling so much to have more time for the course. Despite the fact that the course is online, it requires time because I have to prepare assignments. I must begin trying to find another position inside the company where I work.A position that allows me to travel less would be wonderful for my plans. I have to dedicate a little more time to the course. Another problem for me is to turn my assignment on time. If I reduce my travel agenda I have the possibility to dedicate to my assignments the time left, and as a result I would turn my assignments on time. If I manage successfully not to waste my time I think I would also have a few time left to put online interactions with the other students of the course. Connecting with other students it’s a problem since the course is online. I may begin asking their mail addresses for assignment advices. I think this can function because interaction between students is always good and helpful.Traveling less or a better position could help me to pay on time too. Now I have the possibility to ask for a better position because I can add to my curriculum the fact that I am frequenting this type of course. Despite the inconveniences, I think that my job is very important to practice my acquired knowledge in the course. Conclusion It is important for me to make clear this individual development plan because I can identify areas where I feel comfortable and areas where I need to do more effort. Also I can decide which subjects are more required for my life experience and which ones are not relevant. According to my job needs classes in the leadership area are not relevant for me. I should use their time to pay more attention to the management and financial classes. My work experience gave me the opportunity to feel comfortable with certain subjects of the program, especially those regarding with the management area. I do not feel very comfortable in the leadership area because of the lack of experience. Knowledge in the group behavior area and in the influence of the decisions made in the worker’s psychology would be of a great interest for me too, because I work with people. I think this would help me to deal better with them and to have a clean communication. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Smoking Behavior Under Clinical Observation Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview 3. Preceding conditions 4. Consequences 5. Psychological analysis 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction The fact that smoking cigarettes are a harmful practice is not a secret. This factor can be seen through the worldwide anti-tobacco propaganda which moderate results can be shown through the decline of smokers and what is most important through the changes in the perception that smoking is fashionable. Nevertheless, the number of smokers is still very high comprising almost 30% of the adult population. Regarding the harmful effects, it can be said that the psychological addiction to cigarettes is no less harmful and influential than the physiological. This paper analyzes smoking behavior as a psychological aspect based on observations of individuals practicing smoking for several years. Overview Millions of people smoke every day, which makes the definition of smoking cigarettes an easy task in terms of the visual process. Smoking is the procedure where people inhale dry, ground, wrapped, and burned tobacco leaves regularly. The procedure of smoking a single cigarette takes approximately 2-4 minutes, where the observed smokers smoke approximately 15-25 cigarettes a day. The physiological aspect that influences smokers and is perceived as the immediate effect of smoking can be summarized as follows: Within ten seconds of the first inhalation, nicotine, a potent alkaloid, passes into the bloodstream, transits the barrier that protects the brain from most impurities, and begins to act on brain cells. Nicotine molecules fit like keys into the “nicotinic” receptors on the surface of the brain’s neurons. Nicotine fits the same “keyholes” as one of the brain’s most important neurotransmitters (signal chemicals), acetylcholine, which results in a rush of stimulation and an increase in the flow of blood to the brain. (“Physiology and Psychology of Smoking,” 2004) Preceding conditions Observing smokers can lead to a list of several common conditions that precede smoking as a behavior. These conditions whether for a regular smoker or first-time smokers can be seen in the following: * The feel of stress or anxiety. * Imitation- includes friends, family members, celebrities, etc. (Key, 2009) * A habit of breaking from a routine by creating pauses and breaks. * The need to establish closer relationships with another smoker. * Escaping a problem. Consequences The conditions that follow smoking can be very short, where “After ten puffs have flowed through the lungs, the smoker feels energized and clearheaded, but this is partly because this was a period which ended a nicotine deprivation, and another is about to happen.” (“Physiology and Psychology of Smoking,” 2004) In about thirty minutes, the effect of nicotine is reduced, after which they need for another cigarette occurs. This cycle can be repeated throughout the day. Psychological analysis Analyzing the process of smoking, it can be said that smokers escape reality with such practice. Smoking acts as a buffer zone between smokers and the events that surround them. Aside from the physiological need, smokers create a particular psychological habit, where smokers associate specific states of mind with smoking and the belief that certain conditions cannot be relieved without a cigarette creating a psychological addiction. (“Psychological Effects of Smoking,” 2009) Another factor, specific for beginner smokers, can be seen through associating certain attributes of role models to smoking, wherein such way smokers believe that imitating them will help them gain such attributes. Conclusion It can be seen through the aforementioned that smoking is as much a psychological behavior as it is physiological. Despite the differences in motives for smoking, the consequent addiction is mostly similar for all smokers. A part of the psychological motives for starting smoking is related to media influence. Accordingly, it can be stated that media has an ethical responsibility to promote a healthy lifestyle. In that regard, as psychological conditions that lead to smoking can be related to media, the same psychological conditions can be utilized to help people quit that harmful habit. References Key, G. (2009). Psychology Of Smoking . Web. Physiology and Psychology of Smoking. (2004). Web. Psychological Effects of Smoking. (2009). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
General Meigs’ Role in Civil War Essay Montgomery Cunningham Meigs (1816-1892) was among the most prominent historical figures that had a dramatic influence on the outcomes of the Civil War. His role was particularly tangible during George B. McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign that involved the movement of over a hundred thousand soldiers by over four hundred ships to reach Washington. Meigs designed a stable logistical structure that helped in supplying the army with the necessary provision until the war ended. Often referred to as America’s Quartermaster, Meigs is now considered the epitome of a strategic leader that took upon the logistical challenges that the Union Army faced and refused to give up even during the most heated conflicts. Because the Union lacked contributions from prominent and accomplished engineers or architects that could address the needs of the army, Meigs became the ‘shining light’ of many campaigns and thus became the most accomplished and renowned contributor to strengthening Washington. He put the cast-iron dome on the Capitol, oversaw the Washington Aqueduct’s construction, and designed the Pension Building (“In Civil War-era bridge’s history,” 2010). Thus, not only did he manage to develop a flawless logistical system to provide for the troops across the country but also took notice of the engineering needs of the city. It must be mentioned that when the Civil War is discussed, the public praises generals who planned battles and achieved victory. However, Meigs should be commended not for his battlefield skills but for the talent to design and implement a flawless system of logistics that allowed the troops to stay warm, fed, and clothed. It is the ‘behind the scenes’ work that matters the most because without it, there is no point in planning battle strategies. Reference In Civil War-era bridge’s history, a breach that couldn’t be spanned. (2010, April 21). The Washington Post . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Gender in work in Australia Essay The end of the 20 th century and the beginning of the 21 st century brought a lot of changes into the social interactions, relations between genders and into the division of their roles. The tendency of changes is also reflected in altering the nature of the Australian workforce according to the question of male and female involving into the labour market. The transformation of the people’s vision of the role of a woman in the society resulted in the women’s active participation in the working process. Broomhill and Sharp pay attention to the fact that it is possible to observe the changing male breadwinner model in Australia which is caused by the historical process of the society’s development and a lot of other social and economic factors (Broomhill & Sharp 2005). The peculiarities of the modern society’s progress are based on the necessity to change the traditional vision of the gender roles’ division among men and women in relation to their involvement in the labour market because of the globalisation’s tendencies and altering the public’s attitude to households which were usually discussed as women’s activity. What events caused the present-day issue of changing the male breadwinner model in Australia as a reason to speak about the new gender order? Broomhill and Sharp build their argument about the development of this new gender order and discussion of the question about the significance of the changes in the model with references to examining this process from the historic perspective and with paying attention to the most important social events and changes. According to the researchers, the period after World War II was extremely significant for creating the necessary conditions for changing the current gender order. The male breadwinner model typical for the 1950s lost its importance during the 1960s, and later the process became more intensive (Broomhill & Sharp 2005). The economic growth and the demand for labour can be discussed as the key factors for involving more women in the working process. Having presented the historical retrospective of the process of changing the model, Broomhill and Sharp determine such additional aspects of the phenomenon as the division of the market, the availability of services, the activity of the women’s movements, and the women’s financial independence, and the researchers’ conclusions are based on the detailed statistical data provided (Broomhill & Sharp 2005). To confirm the reality of changing the male breadwinner/female carer model, it is necessary to refer to the factual information and numbers. Thus, Broomhill and Sharp provide statistics according to such criteria as the peculiarities of women and men’s employment, the prevalence of full-time or part-time work, the difference in wages, and the comparison with the situation in the neighbouring territories (Broomhill & Sharp 2005). Moreover, possible unemployment can be characteristic either for men or women without references to gender and be the result of changes in the labour demand (Keating 2003). If Broomhill and Sharp discuss the issue of the women’s active participation in the labour market from the point of increasing their activity in earning money, Baxter provides some glimpses on the process from the point of decreasing the time women spend on housework (Baxter 2002). Thus, the process is interchanged and should be discussed from different positions. It is the fact that the definite processes of changing the traditional male breadwinner model were typical for the recent years, but it is impossible to speak about the extreme transformation of the structure in relation to the division of the gender roles. In spite of the fact women actively participate in the process of earning money for the family, the statistical data support the fact women prefer part-time jobs to have enough time to spend it with a family and do the necessary households. Moreover, the increase of the percentage of working women should be discussed in connection with the decrease of the general percentage of the working men (Broomhill & Sharp 2005). The process is also correlated with the situation of more men’s participating in household activities in comparison with the period of the end of the 20 th centuries (Baxter 2002). Thus, it is possible to focus on reducing the idea of dominance of this or that gender in performing this or that activity. However, this transformation is not radical, and it is the result of the society’s development. Gottfried concentrates on the role of globalisation in the process of changing the traditional models and gender roles which were characteristic for the previous century (Gottfried 2004). The nature of the workforce in relation to the question of gender changed in Australia significantly. This situation is the result of the society’s progress and economic demands. Today, it is impossible to speak about following the division of gender roles strictly. Nevertheless, Broomhill and Sharp focus on the idea that there is a tendency according to which women are inclined to choose part-time jobs, and the increase of working women is correlated with the decrease of men as the representatives of the definite professions. Reference List Baxter , JH 2002, ‘ Patterns of change and stability in the gender division of household labour in Australia, 1986-1997’, Journal of Sociology , vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 399-424. Broomhill R & Sharp R 2005, ‘The changing male breadwinner model in Australia: a new gender order?’, Labour & Industry, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 103-127. Gottfried, H 2004, ‘Gendering globalization discourses’, Critical Sociology January, vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 9-15. Keating, M 2003, ‘The labour market and inequality’, Australian Economic Review , vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 374-396. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Family System in “The Kids Are All Right” by Lisa Cholodenko Essay (Movie Review) Lisa Cholodenko, the director of the film the kids are all right, explores human relationships in a family system. As a family with a couple of same-sex, Cholodenko focuses on the challenges and ways in which the family members overcome them. The parents in the family are lesbian individuals Nic and Jules, each with a child of her own. The children Joni and Laser originate from an unknown sperm donor, a fact that ignites them to search for their biological father. While Nic performs the masculine roles, Jules presents herself as the mother in the family. Authentically, Cholodenko focuses on one family system that is rare in society. The next discussion analyses the family in Cholodenko film, focusing on the parenting system and its impact on the members. Cholodenko exploits a family whose composers are mainly females. Consequently, the family experiences relationship dynamics, especially when the children locate their father (sperm donor). Nic, who is an obstetrician, seems to be the father in the family because she caters to all the family needs, while Jules is the mother of the home. Furthermore, Jules has no career, although she has an interest in carrying out a design and landscaping business. Nic has an eighteen-year-old daughter Joni while Jules has a fifteen-year-old son, Laser. Although Joni and Laser are from different mothers, they have a tight bond between them because Joni accepts to assist her brother in finding their father. Later on, Paul (father) comes into the family, but Nic dislikes the idea, as he seems to break her rules. The children become closer to Jules and Paul, an action that raises a conflict in the family. Furthermore, when Nic and the children discover Jules and Paul are having an affair, they become furious. Therefore, the entrance of Paul in the family leads to tension in the family. Initially, everything seems to crumble, but Jules and Nic decide to air out their differences leading to a happy family. Nic and Jules practice the authoritative parenting style. For instance, Nic has laid out rules, which all the children have to obey while Jules respects the orders (Darling, 1999, p.2). Nic has restricted Joni’s freedom, and none of them should use a motorcycle. Unfortunately, there is a disagreement when Paul decides to give the children a ride on the motorcycle. Although Jules is aware of the rules, she lags behind accomplishing some of them. Moreover, Nic seems highly intrusive because she closely monitors the behavior of the children, thus discovering their relationship with Paul. When Paul comes into the family, the parents decide to bond with him in the presence of the children. Therefore, the parenting style not only motivates the children to respect their parents but also nurtures the children socially. For example, Joni has friends who include Sasha and Jai, while Laser’s friend is Clay. In addition, the parents acknowledge their friends, which leads to a peaceful family. Finally, the children also support their parents, especially Nic, in rejecting Paul against intruding into the family’s affairs. Resource wise, Nic is an obstetrician, while Jules has just started a landscaping business. There are no financial constraints in the family. Socially, emotionally and physically, all the four family members assist each other. For example, children encourage their parents to stay together. Joni and Laser also reject Paul, while Jules and Nic reconcile after an agreement. However, the major problem in the family is that the children should realize that their parents are lesbians. Therefore, the presence of a man like Paul will lead to conflicts. Both Nick and Jules should either counsel their children about their relationship or locate a trusted individual to carry out the counseling. The second problem is the lack of trust, which was about to break the family. When Jules decides to have an affair with Paul, a conflict ensues between her and Nic. Consequently, she even starts to spend her nights on the couch. Thus, the family should learn about conflict resolution, an issue that can lead to separation. Finally, Nic is too strict, a fact that motivates both the children and Jules to resort to secrecy. Besides hiding the issue about Paul, they also break some of the rules imposed by Nic. If all the family members attend a counseling session on openness, then there will be no conflicts. In conclusion, Cholodenko’s film highlights a type of family that is rare in society. Very few countries allow gay or lesbian marriages. Nic and Jules have defined their roles in the family. While Nic is the man in the family, Jules presents herself as the homemaker. Nic practices the authoritative parenting style, which has a positive impact on the children because they grow up as socially responsible people. Although the families experience a few challenges at the end of the film, everybody becomes satisfied with her position. However, the family needs to attend counseling to solve few problems like trust, strictness, and educate the children on the type of family they come from. References Cholodenko, L. (director). (2010). The kids are all right . Focus features. Film. Darling, N. (1999). Parenting Style and Its Correlates. Eric digest , ED 42789, 2-4. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Homage to My Hips Analytical Essay The author described a part of her body. At first, it seems that this is the primary purpose of the whole poem. However, a quick review of the said poem will instantly reveal that she is referring to something else. Her hips are a symbol of her strength and attributes. She used her hips to tell the story of her life. She used her hips to point out that women are prone to negative thinking. Her hips are a symbol of how women see themselves in society. In this poem, Clifton is saying that women should change the way they think. In the first line, the author said that she has big hips. Immediately this is an exciting and powerful disclosure. This is because women with big hips are not proud to say that they have big hips. Most big and heavy women find themselves unattractive. This is the reason why losing weight is an idea popular all over the world. The poet was able to capture the attention of many people especially if the one reading her poem is a woman struggling with her weight. Clifton is trying to awaken the consciousness of women by telling them that there is nothing wrong with being plump and heavy. She said that her hips are a source of pride and joy. It can also be argued that Clifton is not just talking about plus size women. She is used her hips to symbolize womanhood, freedom, and the need for women to be empowered. This can be seen in the second line when she said that her big hips require space. Her hips do not require space to grow because she was not talking about the physical growth of her body but her need for freedom. Clifton desires for social mobility, and nobody can force her to stay the same. In the third line, the poet said that her hips would never fit into small places. It does not make sense why she needed to squeeze her hips into petty places. This means that petty places symbolize an aspect of society that is so narrow and constricted that she felt oppression. She confronted discrimination by saying that her hips cannot fit into those constricted places. She needed space to grow, explore, and expand. She confirms that she longs for freedom because she interjects the line that says her hips are free. She added that her hips were never enslaved and because of that she will not shrink back from fulfilling her dreams. This means that she will never be affected by the past. Her forefathers may have been slaves, but she will not succumb to a slave mentality. She is saying that she will never agree to be under the yoke of slavery. Mobility is vital to her. Mobility is proof of her freedom. If someone restricts her movement, then it means that her right as a free citizen has been violated and therefore she will not allow that to happen. She is not only free as a bird, but she also possesses the power to fulfill her dreams. There is nothing impossible for her as long as she believes that it can be done. There is nothing that can stop her, and she can achieve the goals that she has set out to accomplish. Finally, the author said that she possesses magic hips because she can put a spell on a man. Men may look down on her and consider her as a second-class citizen, but she reveals that this is not the case because she can cast a spell on a man and he will be under her control. This implies that men are not as powerful as they think they are. This means that she possesses a subtle influence over men. She has the power to manipulate men as if she can spin him like a top. This means that women with magic hips like her can stand up to a man and express what they feel inside. Conclusion The author wanted to express her womanhood and her belief that she is free. The past does not enslave her, and she is not limited by what others are saying about her. Her hips are a symbol of her strength and attributes. She used her hips to tell the story of her life. She used her hips to point out that women are prone to negative thinking. She is not ashamed to say what she wants to accomplish in life. Clifton wrote this poem to inspire women. She wanted them to change their negative way of thinking. In the end, she warned men not to interfere because if she is denied this right to be free, she will use her power to spin them like a top. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Cultural Changes and Attaining Organizational Goals Report (Assessment) Cultural transformations may be outlined to be one of the most challenging endeavours of managing a business, from company mergers to a seemingly simple overhaul of the company’s goals. Change already poses a predicament to those firms undertaking it, as an undefined and unmeasurable concept, as well as one that is unmanageable (Suddaby & Foster, 2017). This unique circumstance makes it pivotal to recognise the effort behind setting new goals and changing the company’s attitude to them through identifying the principles and positive examples of readjustment done to a company’s internal organisation. Change becomes inevitable when a company is no longer able to compete on the market, resulting in either the business’ resurgence or its failure. Bringing about lasting change is an arduous process that relies on strong management to be brought to fruition through planning, support, and communication (Heathfield, 2018). Change without serious guidance may disintegrate the organisation’s entire culture through “threatening time-honoured traditions, prevailing cultural values and ways, and shared meaning” (Bolman & Deal, 2017, p. 369). Thus, Burke (2018) identifies two prerequisites for effective change that allow competently but not harmlessly developing a new organisational culture, which is clarity of vision and long-term orientation. This approach outlines change as an act that seeks to revamp the organisation’s code of conduct, resulting in a re-evaluation of ideals and goals that upper-management supports unequivocally and thoroughly (Burke, 2018). Pursuing this route may seem time-consuming, but this option remains the most established way to successful change, allowing companies to continue existing in the competitive market. Recognising the effectiveness of long-term change is possible through the example of a company that outside influences forced to usher in reform. Despite being a multinational company, Microsoft lagged in innovation, which resulted in the business’ competitors, such as Apple and Google, occupying the better share of the market, until its restructuring in 2014 and 2016 (Troyani, 2017). Influencing human resources, as well as the structural, political, and symbolical foundations of a company require working with pre-existing structures, positively affecting them to produce or shift to a new dynamic (Bolman & Deal, 2017). Troyani (2017), congruent with the steps outlined by Burke (2018), identifies the actions of Microsoft’s new CEO as providing employees with a new sense of engagement in their work, building upon their previous work experience. Thus, Microsoft was able to achieve a unique, goal-oriented structure within a global environment, making it an example of a thriving international corporate culture, achieved through influencing their staff positively. The feasibility of cultural change may be a proven concept, but one that is, nonetheless, accompanied by a variety of difficulties. Through implementing a mechanism of expanding its product scope, Microsoft re-achieved relevance through maintaining a positive corporate culture without infringing on possible national cultures and instead focusing on a seemingly strictly business-oriented approach. Thus, the company avoided harmful changes to its cultural organisation and principles, and, instead, set new goals in congruency with previous corporate experiences, supported extensively by staff-management communication and optimisation of already existent organisational cultures. References Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2017). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass. Burke, W. W. (2018). Organization change: Theory and practice . (5th ed.). London, UK: SAGE. Heathfield, S. M. (2018). You can consciously change your corporate culture. Web. Suddaby, R., & Foster, W. M. (2017). History and organizational change. Journal of Management, 43 (1), 19-38. Web. Troyani, L. (2017). 3 examples of organizational change done right . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How BP Company Is Practicing the Human Dignity Principle Essay Human dignity is one of the Catholic’s social teaching principles. BP applies this social teaching principle in the course of its operations. According to the stance assumed by the Catholic faith, human life has been put under risk and consequently jeopardized by the rapid decline in respect and value attached to materialism (‘ Catholic Bishops’ par. 3). In other words, the world seems to value materialism more than the dignity and essence of human life. The Catholic Church strongly believes that the moral vision of society is strongly embedded in the dignity of individuals bearing in mind that human life is sacred (Kaczor par. 4). Hence, human dignity should always be given the first priority before pursuing other life purposes. In addition, a human being has some great degree of inherent dignity that should not be overridden by the deteriorating morals or value for materialism. The Catholic faith also asserts that the foundation of all its social teachings is strongly rooted in human dignity. BP is a global company that deals with both oil and gas. It is among the pace setters and market leaders in the oil industry. As already mentioned, the company practices the catholic social teaching principle of human dignity in its daily operations. As it stands now, the number of employees working for the company stands at about 90,000 across the globe. Human rights policy is clearly embedded as one of the operating principles of his oil marketing company. The company aims to elevate the importance of dignity, respect, and fairness to all of its stakeholders including employees. A statement at the company’s website emphasizes that there is a code for human rights policy that directs its conduct on how to handle people working at the facility. Everybody who relate with BP in one way or another should also be treated with utmost fairness and respect at all times (‘ Human Rights Policy ’ par. 5). It is also crucial to mention that every officer and employee working at BP is fully covered by the policy. Besides, joint ventures and entities that are fully owned by BP are taken care of by the code of conduct related to human dignity. This implies that the level of participation of the company should be in tandem with the code of conduct for human dignity. From the human rights policy adopted by BP, a number of key commitments can be pointed out. To begin with, the company abides by all the legal requirements in the course of its operations in order to safeguard the rights and dignity of its employees and other people attached the company. Second, human rights codes that have been recognized internationally are respected by the company. Hence, the laws put forward by the International Labor Organization and the International Bill of Human Rights are fully adhered to by the BP oil company. The company also agrees that it has the core responsibility to dignify human rights according to the provisions of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Fairness and indiscriminate treatment of all individuals who work for the company is a regular practice valued by BP Oil Company. The company is also keen to make contractual commitments with all of its stakeholders so that it does not lose track in its dedication to respect human dignity at workplace. Works Cited Catholic Bishops. 2014. Web. Human Rights Policy . 2014. Web. Kaczor, Christopher. Seven Principles of Catholic Social Teaching . 2014. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Effects of Invasive Species on the Agriculture Industry Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Statement of Problem 2. Proposed Solution 3. Methods 4. Scope 5. My Qualifications 6. Conclusion 7. References Maintaining a uniformly favorable environment for plants in the agriculture sector is a vital requirement. However, due to the frequent emergence of invasive species, ensuring that cultivated plants receive the required amount of resources is exceptionally complicated (Fleming et al, 2017). Moreover, invasive species often pose a massive threat to eh very existence of crops (Thorlakson et al., 2018). Therefore, a strategy aimed at removing invasive species from the target agricultural setting is needed. Developing the framework involving a quick identification of an invasive species and a prompt response to it is expected to allow resolving the problem of invasive species in agriculture. Statement of Problem Having been transferred to the global level, the agriculture industry has become open to multiple threats. The problem of invasive species is one of the major concerns presently. By definition, invasive species are “alien species that, when introduced, become established and harm human and environmental values” (Fleming et al, 2017, p. 524). Lately, the effects of invasive species on agriculture and, therefore, the opportunities faced by SMEs in the agriculture sector, have been devastating, partially, due to the use of GMO products (Thorlakson et al., 2018). Therefore, a solution to the current crisis needs to be proposed. Proposed Solution In order to manage the current increase in the detrimental effects of invasive species on agriculture and, particularly, the performance of SMEs, one should consider introducing a better system for detecting the presence of a threat. Specifically, the tool in question will have to be based not only on the system allowing the prompt identification of invasive species in the target setting, but also a framework for effective communication. By introducing an approach rooted in the use of innovative technology to amplify the efficacy of threat identification and interdisciplinary cooperation, thus, improving communication quality, one will be able to address the problem of invasive species as the key factor hindering the performance of businesses in the agricultural industry. Methods To conduct the study in question, the mixed method research will be used as the principal methodological tool. Namely, apart from the quantitative assessment of the efficacy of the proposed solution, qualitative data concerning the usability of the proposed tools will have to be obtained from research participants. Additionally, given the need to observe the research results for an extended amount of time, the application of the longitudinal study design will have to be considered. Additionally, the study will incorporate information from secondary sources on the subject matter, including academic peer-reviewed articles and government-issued reports on the problem of invasive species and their effects on agriculture and companies operating in the industry. Scope The study will seek to adders the areas of inquiry such as business and economy, leadership and management, and environmentalism. My Qualifications Having an academic background in Natural Sciences and experience in business and management, I am fairly qualified to address the issue at hand. Specifically, my current qualifications will allow me to perform a study assessing the effects of the proposed intervention on the business performance of companies in the agricultural industry. Conclusion The problem of invasive species in agriculture has gained major significance for multiple companies working in the specified area, which is why introducing a tool for monitoring the presence and impact of invasive species is vital. By conducting a study that assesses the impact of the proposed tool on the management of the invasive species’ effects, one will be able to introduce an improvement. As a result, SMEs will have a chance of succeeding in the agricultural industry. References Fleming, P. J., Ballard, G., Reid, N. C., & Tracey, J. P. (2017). Invasive species and their impacts on agri-ecosystems: issues and solutions for restoring ecosystem processes. The Rangeland Journal, 39 (6), 523-535. Web. Thorlakson, T., Hainmueller, J., & Lambin, E. F. (2018). Improving environmental practices in agricultural supply chains: The role of company-led standards. Global Environmental Change, 48 , 32-42. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Alternative Ways to Attract Tourists to Dubai Thesis Attracting tourists to one of the fastest growing centers of the UAE is an essential aspect of foreign policy since a significant part of financial resources comes in the budget through recreational resources. The city has many attractions and picturesque places that are interesting for residents of different countries. However, in connection with the need to strengthen the economy and establish cultural communication links, it is important to find alternative sources of attracting tourists. One of the most real and effective methods to make people pay attention to Dubai is tourism shopping that has recently gained increasing popularity among people of different ages. 1 In this case, it is required to identify the most active categories of the population in order to assess the degree of people’s interest in tourism of this type and to arrange appropriate tours. For these purposes, Sangeeta and Anandkumar 2 offer to attract tourists by organizing special festivals where guests can profitably buy branded things and at the same time substantially replenish the treasury of the city. Another issue that deserves attention is the possibility of non-standard shopping since many sophisticated buyers may not be ready to go to the UAE for the sake of ordinary purchases. Thus, Upadhya and Kumar 3 offer such an entertainment trend as night shopping to develop for tourists because many clients prefer to avoid large crowds of people. For these purposes, it is essential to organize appropriate tours where customers will be able to easily enter major retail chains even at night. Additional alternative shopping methods based on a non-standard approach to attracting people can also be considered for the sake of increasing tourists’ interest. The Significance of the Study The importance of studying the described issue is that the number of tourists coming to Dubai directly impacts on the economy of the city. Constant innovations and new proposals are being made to attract guests, and the authorities need the invested funds to pay off as soon as possible. According to Marathe 4 , innovative marketing is an area that allows focusing on the needs of customers and developing those spheres that are in demand. If insufficiently effective measures are taken to analyze this market and to find alternative ways to attract tourists, expenses may exceed profits, which is unacceptable in the face of high costs. The possibility of searching for new ways of developing tourism is relevant not only because of the need to replenish the budget but also to establish trade relations of the region with other countries. The essentiality of a marketing campaign aimed at promoting the entertainment sphere is the opportunity to successfully cooperate with large investors. Despite the fact that, as Avraham 5 notes, the events of the Arab Spring have increased the interest of tourists in relation to Dubai, there is no guarantee that this interest will not be lost over time. Therefore, the popularization of the city as a recreational region is an important strategic decision. It is also important to investigate the tourism issue because, according to Stephenson 6 , the standard ways of attracting tourists are beginning to lose relevance. Dubai is a dynamically developing city with advanced infrastructure. Nevertheless, there are many attractive tourist destinations in the world. Therefore, it is significant to not only interest guests but also to find special sources of attraction that will be unique and unusual in their own way and will be associated exclusively with this city. Bibliography Avraham, Eli. “Destination Image Repair During Crisis: Attracting Tourism During the Arab Spring Uprisings.” Tourism Management 47, no. 1 (2015): 224-232. Marathe, Shubhada. “Innovative Marketing Practices in Tourism – A Case Study of Destination Marketing of Dubai.” Paridnya – The MIBM Research Journal 3, no. 1 (2015): 55-63. Sangeeta, Peter, and Victor Anandkumar. “Travel Motivation-Based Typology of Tourists Who Visit a Shopping Festival: An Empirical Study on the Dubai Shopping Festival.” Journal of Vacation Marketing 22, no. 2 (2016): 142-153. Stephenson, Marcus. “Tourism, Development and ‘Destination Dubai’: Cultural Dilemmas and Future Challenges.” Current Issues in Tourism 17, no. 8 (2014): 723-738. Upadhya, Amitabh, and Manoj Kumar. “Night Shopping as a Tourist Attraction: A Study of Night Shopping in Dubai.” Journal of Tourism and Services 8, no. 15 (2017): 7-18. Zaidan, Esmat. “Tourism Shopping and New Urban Entertainment: A Case Study of Dubai.” Journal of Vacation Marketing 22, no. 1 (2016): 29-41. Footnotes 1. Esmat Zaidan, “Tourism Shopping and New Urban Entertainment: A Case Study of Dubai,” Journal of Vacation Marketing 22, no. 1 (2016): 29. 2. Peter Sangeeta and Victor Anandkumar, “Travel Motivation-Based Typology of Tourists Who Visit a Shopping Festival: An Empirical Study on the Dubai Shopping Festival,” Journal of Vacation Marketing 22, no. 2 (2016): 142. 3. Amitabh Upadhya and Manoj Kumar, “Night Shopping as a Tourist Attraction: A Study of Night Shopping in Dubai,” Journal of Tourism and Services 8, no. 15 (2017): 7. 4. Shubhada Marathe, “Innovative Marketing Practices in Tourism – A Case Study of Destination Marketing of Dubai,” Paridnya – The MIBM Research Journal 3, no. 1 (2015): 55. 5. Eli Avraham, “Destination Image Repair During Crisis: Attracting Tourism During the Arab Spring Uprisings,” Tourism Management 47, no. 1 (2015): 226. 6. Marcus Stephenson, “Tourism, Development and ‘Destination Dubai’: Cultural Dilemmas and Future Challenges,” Current Issues in Tourism 17, no. 8 (2014): 724. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Does Reproduction Theft Exist? Essay Reproduction is theft as it copies the identity of another living being or a thing. Related to the cloning issue, the main problem for modern science is that it has limited information about the beginning of life and early stages of its development. Thus, if people do not know soothing, it does not mean researchers should and ought to avoid it. Thus, piracy, duplicity, and cloning are theft because they use images or ideas of other people violating their privacy and intellectual rights. Modern ethical and social and legal principles and categories simply cannot cope with the novel issues raised by the manufacture of totally new living organisms by genetic engineering, the creation of human thought. Cloning is theft because research use and changes the identity of a person. They manipulate people’s genetic make-up to remedy certain kinds of diseases, and so on. Researchers do not even have the language to talk about the radically new situations and circumstances that the technology of the processes of human life brings about. The main problem is that scientists apply old moral principles and arguments to explain and object cloning, but this area of research demands a new understanding and interpretation of human life. “But this fact still leaves unanswered the question of whether all stages of a human being’s life have equal moral standing” (Kass 2 cited McLeod 5). Others have argued that cloning and genetic engineering experimentation raises such important and serious questions that the opportunities for such research studies should be restricted to the very early steps of the embryo’s growth. Duplicity is theft because it takes ideas and thoughts of another person transforming and changing them. The strong disagreement against reproduction comes from a notion of self-ownership: once all people are recognized as equal persons regardless of color or ethnic origin, they could not be bought and sold like chattels. Yet within traditional reproduction theory, there is a reluctance to recognize self-ownership (McLeod 43). However, this kind of reasoning is hardly ever possible in ethical discussion since in very many cases the principle and the description of the particular case are problematic. No scientific evidence about the biological development of the human embryo can prove or disprove anything about the status of the human embryo as a person with moral status and rights. In my view then it is a vain hope that researchers will be able to determine when a human person comes into existence simply by inspecting the biological and genetic evidence about the development of the embryo. Thus, even if researchers agree that an individual biological entity emerges only at day fourteen with the formation of a rudimentary nervous system, this does not tell us whether that individual entity is a person with distinctively moral status. The second confusion which has bedeviled the debate about the beginning of human life arises from not attending to the very simple fact that researchers are dealing with a continuum. There are many kinds of continua: an interval of time is a continuum in that each phase precedes and gives way to another in such a way that researchers cannot divide it up into discrete atomic bits. No matter how finely you divide up an interval of time you will always be left with an interval that can be divided still further. Piracy is theft because it duplicates the ideas and intellectual products of other people and involves financial profit. For about a decade now human rights and rights of intellectual property have served as guidelines to political life. Their specific sense and meaning have changed through the years, but all in all, there has been an extraordinary link in the sense of an unbroken line of growth and progress. This recent understanding is only one outcome of a line of growth that tended to take the legal view of relations in the community to ever greater lengths of individualism, shedding what piracy notions may have been implied in earlier views. Thus, during an earlier stage of change in modern law, the new fact of the industrial corporation, rather than being conceived along more customary lines with repreduction functions on behalf of the commonweal, come to be explained as only private interest and capital, or more fundamentally still as private ownership, entitled to the full protection of its individual and human rights as a citizen. If piracy is not considered theft, it will lead to violation of intellectual capital rights and the inability of a creative person to protect his ideas and thoughts from abuse. Any form of reproduction is theft because it involves the usage and borrowing of thoughts and ideas of other people without their permission. The problem of the equal protection of all creative people of a different race has ever since remained the liability of the government. In due course other practices of group inequalities in the modern community have been deemed equally worthy of action: inequalities based on national origin, religion, sex. Changes in the climate of opinion in society-at-large have always played their role in this slow extension of the federal legislation in the area of group inequalities. Reproduction, cloning, piracy or duplication, is theft as it violates the individual and intellectual rights of the creator. Cloning will help to save millions of people and relieve their suffering. The new forms of biotechnology–genetic engineering, genome research, and cloning all promise great human benefits but represent a form of identity theft. Works Cited McLeod, C. Self-Trust and Reproductive Autonomy. Mit (Triliteral); 1 edition, 2002. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Internal Analysis of Best Buy Company Essay Best buy is the leading retailer in consumer electronics in the United States of America, and is on its way to attaining a leading position in the industry round the world. This though doesn’t mean there’s no room for expansion, both the physical store layout, geographical location, and the organizational structure. Recent years have witnessed a mushrooming of Best Buy store branches in the United States, and even one being setup in China. However, just setting up new branches in its own does not guarantee prosperity. The management had to identify other ways to increase the efficiency and profitability of the company, and that is what led them to make changes in their organizational culture. In a bid to increase Best Buy’s customer base in 2003, Julie Gilbert launched a concept she referred to as ‘a store within a store’ to cater to individual shopping needs of its customers (Hunt, 2006). The concept was based on the theory of customer centricity, and was aimed at improving customer relations. The move saw increased customer numbers, especially that of ‘soccer moms’ who wished to enrich their children’s lives with the latest in electronic devices (Brady, 2007). This effort clearly shows that Best Buy’s organizational culture is biased toward the needs of the consumers, i.e. it is market oriented. The large number of Best Buy stores, however, presented another stumbling block in the form of communication problems. This is what led to the adoption of the current organizational structure- that of a multi-business unit. This is where the internal organization is broken down into sub-units or departments, each with its own specific function/duty. These departments are then interlinked to form a network which facilitates communication between one another. The lowest level in this network comprises of the store-level employees, who include sales staff, and inventory associates. The employees at Best Buys are all assigned to a specific department, which is under a department supervisor, who acts as an intermediary between the base-level employees and the management. Similarly, the supervisors are put under assistant managers, who are in turn under a general manager. The management staff report to the District management. The district management is in charge of monitoring the activities of about twenty stores each. The districts afore mentioned are combined to constitute a region, each of which is placed under a regional manager. Regional managers are the ones who report directly to the corporate staff, which is under the company executives. This is the broad organizational structure of the Best Buy stores. The above strategies, though effective, are quite costly to develop and implement. So how does Best Buy manage to pull it off? The answer lies in the company’s unorthodox way of doing things. A case in example is the ‘Tornado Sale’-an annual event that was stumbled-upon by the founder Richard M. Schulze following the tornado that hit one of the original Best Buy stores in 1981. The salvaged merchandise was sold in piles at the wrecked store’s parking lot, and the idea of selling items ‘in a grab and go’ manner, rather than displaying them behind a glass counter was born, courtesy of Richard M. Schulze. The idea turned out to be a huge success in the future. This combined with the company’s annual income in excess of 45 billion USD (Yahoo Finance, 2009), gives the company a huge competitive advantage over other retail stores such as Wal-Mart who use low pricing of their merchandise to attract customers (Times, 2010). Works Cited Brady, D. and McGregor, J. “What Works in Women’s Networks.” Bloomberg Businessweek. (2007): 12-15. Print Hunt, M. “Best Buy’s Julie Gilbert and the WoLF Pack’s First Footprints.” In Women We Trust. 5 Oct 2006. Web. Financial Times. “Best Buy See Big Drop in Sales.” Financial times 28 Dec. 2010: 2. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Studying Society’s Impact on Individuals Essay Sociological sciences aim to study people’s behavior and factors affecting it to explain or even predict it. At the same time, representatives of various areas studying peculiarities of people’s behavior tend to ask contrasting questions. For example, psychology is more focused on personal characteristics, features, and patterns of thinking. Sociology, in turn, pays more attention to group processes, connections, and interactions of individuals with social conditions. Relationships between people create different social groups with their unique dynamics, the essence of which at the group level can differ significantly from the individual one (Kearl, n.d.). Groups can influence individuals and vice versa, and sociologists study which factors have a more significant influence, for example, socialization culture, position in social stratification, or geographical context (Kearl, n.d.). By tracking the causal relationships between a factor and its consequence, they can understand, explain, and predict the extent to which specific social conditions affect individual thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Sociologists use several methods and tools to study society, individuals, and their influence and have formed a theoretical base of ideas and concepts. In methodology, concepts of theory, hypothesis, research design, dependent and independent variables, sampling, and research ethics are crucial (Rohall et al., 2014). Research methods can be qualitative, including interviews, focus groups, content analysis, and quantitative – experiments, questionnaires, and data analysis. Each method involves different tools for the study, such as a telephone or personal conversation to collect data in an interview or regression analysis for data analysis. Moreover, to study the connection between society and individuals, the concepts of stratification, socialization, self, and identity are fundamental (Rohall et al., 2014). Understanding all ideas and methods is critical for researching the impact of society on individuals. Each person can notice the consequences of the influence of society on self. For example, a country, a city, and even the family in which I was born affected my identity. Thanks to these factors, I have a national and ethnic identity, and my values were formed in a Christian context. The support of my family and friends with close interests contributed to the development of my self-confidence and stability of self-esteem. Social stratification, in turn, significantly defined my past and current education. Thus, society strongly influences individuals and can determine their well-being. References Kearl, M.C. (n.d.). A sociological tour through the cyberspace: Social psychology. Trinity University. Web. Rohall, D.E., Milkie M.A., & Lucas, J.W. (2014). Social psychology: Sociological perspectives (3 rd ed.). Pearson Education, Inc. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This chapter together with the article “Acid rain and its ecological consequences” written by Madhoolika Agrawal and Anita Singh and which appeared in the 29 th volume of the Journal of Environmental Biology describe the formation of acid rain and its consequences on the environment. These two sources of literature are very relevant to my research question: How does acid rain affect soil PH? The three authors of chapter 3 in the book described above are professionals with impeccable records in Environmental Engineering. Kathy Fallon Lambert has done a lot of work relating to ecosystem science, both as the founder of Ecologic: Analysis & Communications and during her tenure as the executive director of Hubbard Brook Research Foundation. As a result of her good work, she received the US EPA Environmental Merit Award. Besides, she is a Leopold scholar and a Switzer fellow. On his part, Charles T. Driscoll, an Environmental Systems Engineering Professor, teaches at the Syracuse University where he doubles up as the Director of the Centre for Environmental Systems Engineering. Limin Chen is employed at Systech Engineering, Inc., as a Water Resources and Environmental engineer and she has done a lot of work on forest ecosystems. All the three authors are PhD holders in their respective fields and they have done a lot of research studies on environmental engineering projects. Madhoolika Agrawal and Anita Singh, the authors of the journal article, are distinguished researchers and scholars working at the Ecology Research Laboratory in the Department of Botany, Bañaras Hindu University, India. The two scholars have done a lot of research on Environmental Engineering projects and they are widely published. The third chapter in the book Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects selected for this study is divided into four major sub-topics, namely: 1) Acidic deposition, 2) Effects of acidic deposition on ecosystems, 3) Ecosystem recovery, and 4) Recovery of acid-sensitive ecosystems with future decreases in emissions. On the other hand, the journal article has several subtopics running in an essay format on ten pages. I will endeavor to read through the two literatures with the aim of gathering information on the effects of acid rain on soil pH. Specific emphasis will be given to subtopic 2: Effects of acidic deposition on ecosystems in the book and another one titled Effects of acid rain on soil in the journal article. Driscoll et al. (2007, pp. 34) acknowledge that acidification of soil has a negative impact on the soil’s ability to neutralize any further deposition of acids. Acidified soils are incapable of supporting the growth of plants because this process deprives the soil of the nutrient cations, such as, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Furthermore, the soil is invaded with sulfur and nitrogen, not forgetting the accumulation of dissolved inorganic aluminum. Driscoll et al. (2007, pp 37) noted that the soil acquires nutrient cations by weathering of the rocks and minerals, and to some extent, atmospheric deposition. In circumstance of low weathering rates, the forest ecosystems are normally vulnerable to acidic deposition because of low content of base cations. Since acidification of soil accelerates dissociation of nutrient cations from their compounds and thereafter subjects them to leaching, the quality of the soil can be maintained only if there is equal replenishing of these cations by weathering of rocks and mineral (Driscoll et al. 2007, pp. 38). On their part, Singh and Agrawal (2008, pp. 16) state that rain is considered acidic if its pH value is below 5.6 and the level of concentration of hydrogen ions (H) is above 2.5. Furthermore, the authors agree that Sulphur dioxide (SO), ozone (O), and oxides of nitrogen are some of the major components that are involved in the formation of acid rain. With the help of sunlight and vapors, SO and NO interact and react to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid mists, which when condensed become aerosol droplets. Singh and Agrawal (2008, pp. 18) concede that the increased exchange between nutrient cations and hydrogen ion is as a result of the presence of acids in the soil. This exchange is responsible for the liberation of the (magnesium, potassium, and calcium) cations in the soil, which become vulnerable to leaching. The freed cations and the acid-generated sulphates are easily leached out in soil solutions. Nutrient cycling and poor decomposition are also as a result of soil acidification. Various research studies have indicated that the decomposition of litter generated from cellulose-rich plants, such as, birch, spruce, and spine, is adversely slowed by generous acidification. It has also been demonstrated that the structural diversity of Boreal forest ecosystems is highly dependant on the quality of soil and therefore acidification can destroy these forest ecosystems (Singh & Agrawal 2008, pp. 18) References Driscoll, C. T., Lambert, F. K. & Chen, L. 2007, “Acidic Deposition: Sources and Ecological Effects”, in G R Visgilio & D M Whitelaw (eds), Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects , Springer, New York, pp. 27–58. Singh, A. & Agrawal, M. 2008, “Acid rain and its ecological consequences”, Journal of Environmental Biology , vol. 29 no. 1, pp. 15–24. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Procedures of Implementation Policies in Hospitals Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Example of Harassment policy and procedure 3. The guiding principle for a policy 4. References Introduction The main aim of hospitals having policies and procedures is to keep the highest standards of openness, probity, and accountability in all affairs. Policies are guidelines or guiding principles on some issues in the organization. There are many examples of policies in the organization. The procedure is how things should be done, in other words, it is a course of action or process on how a policy should be implemented. Example of policy and its procedure. Example of Harassment policy and procedure The hospital is committed to a working environment free from harassment. Harassment may include discrimination, bullying, sexual, and malicious, and other forms of acts that lower human dignity. The hospital is directly liable for any unlawful discrimination by her staff members. Procedure for staff members’ staff members who have been subjected to harassment should do the following; speak to the alleged harasser politely, if he does not respond or he continues, report to the line manager, if it fails then report to the hospital administration. The administration will guide you on the course of action. Once a policy has been formulated, it should be reviewed regularly depending on the regulatory bodies’ procedures. The reviewing of policies all depends on other issues like government directives, trade unions negotiations, or a change of moral perspective on the issue covered in the policy. Otherwise, the reviewing of policies should be at least a reasonable period of let say five years. While the reviewing of procedures should be regular and should be inclusive. by regular I mean it should be done when there is a reason to believe that the way things are done is unjust. It can be after two years or whichever the hospital may decide. By inclusive, I mean that when reviewing the staff members’ views should be considered. Administration’s policies are policies that govern how issues are being done in the company and they relate to administration issues like public interest disclosure, the use of company or hospital assets, and administration relating issues. Personnel policies cover issues relating to relationships in the hospital. They are always handled by the personnel department of the hospital. They may include harassment, staffing, disciplinary, and other relating issues. Departmental policies are policies that govern the issues of a department. They relate to the work of the department and they are handled within the department. This affects members who are working in that department only. The guiding principle for a policy The guiding principle for a policy is a moral issue or the company activity that will affect the smooth running. For example, the hospital cannot run smoothly if they are sexually harassed. A policy aims at assisting the firm to achieve its goals. While the guiding principle for a procedure is the policy in place. We shall not have a procedure if we don’t have a policy. Procedures are always made after policies have been formulated. When formulating, revising, or developing a policy there several regulatory bodies to consult. These bodies include Government, an association of doctors, and associations of nurses, trade unions, and other bodies. The government regulates the operation of hospitals and the doctors and nurses association regulates the conduct of their members and looks into their working conditions. The hospital management should also be consulted as well as other staff members who are not aligned to the associations. When formulating a policy, several words should be avoided. These words include must, should, and other words that try to issue commands. When inputting policies the following should be considered employees of affected department, management, board of directors, and many others. When formulating a policy, one needs to begin with understanding the objective of the company, consider the issue that requires the policy the procedure on how to implement the policy will be considered. References Kosier, Erb, Berman, & Snyder, 2002; Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice,. Heitkemper & Dirksen, 2005; Medical Surgical Nursing, 6th ed. by Lewis. Conte A; 1999 Sexual Harassment in The Work Place; Aspen Pub. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
End of the Cold War and Global Economy Essay The collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1980s was unexpected yet unavoidable due to several reasons including its structural weaknesses, the Containment Policy, and national forces. First of all, the very structure of the Soviet Union was fundamentally leading to failure. Regarding the authoritarian nature of the Soviet power, the following issues significantly affected its collapse: the persecution of the Church and dissidents, forced collectivism, the domination of single ideology, the prohibition of communication with other countries, censorship, and the lack of free discussion of alternatives (Brower 240). A series of unsuccessful attempts to reform the Soviet system led to stagnation and then collapse of the economy and political system. Speaking of the Containment Policy, it was considered as a way to prevent war and was not aimed at inflicting a military defeat of the USSR. This US policy was oriented to the limitation of the spread of communist ideology in the countries of Western Europe and the Soviet-backed communist movements (Brower 241). Also, national forces appeared around the Soviet Union as a result of the USSR’s leadership failure to address developmental challenges manifested in the form of inter-ethnic conflicts and the struggle of individual nations to expand their own culture and economy. However, the key factor of collapse is the Soviet Union’s structure that led to the discontent of people and the establishment of strong opposition. It is still impossible to affirm whether the world became safer or not yet nowadays it is more open and free. The world became unipolar, and the United States remain a single superpower. Due to expanding globalization processes, the world turned into a single political, informational, and economic system. According to Friedman, nationalism and the global economy can co-exist yet have to encounter some difficulties (par. 3). The author emphasizes that “nationalism is the belief that your fate is bound up with your nation and your fellow citizens” (Friedman par. 18). Moreover, it is stated that European nationalism is represented not only by people’s feelings towards their own country but also by resentment of others. In particular, the case of Germany and Greek each of which has corresponding historical events proving the above statement. Without going into details, it is possible to claim that many European countries have a history of social and economic catastrophes that occurred as a result of nationalism. At this point, Friedman states that only the appropriate interpretation of each other can integrate these countries into the effective union (par. 21). The examples of negative aspects of strong nationalism feelings in connection with the global economy involve such examples as fascist Germany and its regime and the conflict between Greeks and Germans regarding their value systems’ difference. In their turn, the positive aspects contain the inclination towards global trade and economic power. Considering that geopolitical borders are eliminated, countries and their citizens are likely to aspire to unite to achieve better results. Within the context of a global economy, one can note such advantages of nationalism as great resources, economic prosperity, and unified military power, suggesting collective defense. Also, the organizational capabilities along with intellectual capital seem to be rather significant aspects promoting the successful collaboration of nationalism and the global economy. At the same time, nationalism in the framework of the global economy imposes the following disadvantages: internal psychosis when one country wants to dominate over others, difficulties in establishing free trade zones, and others. Works Cited Brower, Daniel R. The World Since 1945: A Brief History . 2nd ed., Pearson, 2005. Friedman, George. “ The Crisis of Europe and European Nationalism. ” Stratfor . 2011 . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. European Countries 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction Europe is a great continent which needs thorough consideration (Destination 360, 2010); one can think that it is interesting to travel and see the world in terms of different cultures and traditions, another person can doubt about seeing the countries and obtaining information that can be easily found in the Internet databases. The brightest advantage of making a tour of Europe is to see, taste, smell, and touch everything you read of and dreamt of. Europe lets you in its secrets and shows you the treasures of world history and traditions. The drawbacks of traveling are numerous: not to know the language of the country and be forced to hire an interpreter; not to book a hotel room in advance, especially in the tourist season, though “planning not only takes the fun out of spur-of-the-moment activities but can shackle your trip to a schedule that may not work out after you get there” (Bramblett, 2005, p. 115); to have a visa that expires in a few days. Nevertheless, you can enjoy the trip even without knowledge of the language, having a little time and money. European Countries The first thing that should be done to make a tour is to feel the flavors of Europe. As Rick Steves mentions in his book Rick Steves’ Europe through the Back Door: The Travel Skills Handbook , there are a lot of issues that should be planned and analyzed (Steves, 2009). It is necessary to say that the traveling guided by this author consists of two parts: travel skills and back doors. The cuisine is an important part of everyday life which should not be omitted in the course of planning your tour. Reid Bramblett in his book Europe for Dummies suggests a list of top culinary delights which should be inserted into your schedule (Bramblett, 2005, p. 14-15). While Rick Steves enumerates transportation, money, sleeping and eating, travel savvy, special concerns, and perspectives as a part of the travel skills (Steves, 2009, p. 82-427); Reid Bramblett suggest a list of “museums, historic sights, food, and architecture” (Bramblett, 2005, p. 9) which should be visited, seen, and tasted in different European countries. Note that shopping is a distinctive feature of traveling, that is why you should make a list of places of interest which may include at least several well-known shops of medium level. Bear in mind that some aspects can spoil your tour and impression of it; terrorism, political unrest, and ignorance of the laws can negatively contribute to your tour and change your plans (Steves, 2009, p. 399-427). Mind that the knowledge and understanding of the essence of the European Union can help you in dealing with its rules and legal matters. Try to avoid ambiguous actions which can be misinterpreted by the authorities or locals. Conclusion When you are going to take a tour of Europe, you should remember the basic principles of being in an alien country. Sights, cuisine, and shopping present the bright part of the process of traveling; disputable issues between people can destroy your plans. While planning to take a tour of Europe, you can learn some useful information about countries you may visit; as the proverb goes, knowledge is power. Food, museums, and transportation can be analyzed in advance to make the most appropriate choice and to see the best of the Old World. Reference Bramblett, R. (2005). Europe for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Destination 360. (2010). Europe .Web. Steves, R. (2009). Rick Steves’ Europe through the Back Door: The Travel Skills Handbook . The USA: Avalon Travel. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Clover Valley Dairy Company Packaging and Decision Making Case Study The paper is devoted to the issue concerning the process of revamping the company’s packaging process. There is no secret that the organization has been experiencing rather drastic changes over the past few years and has been under an impressive pressure of a new market environment; therefore, the choice that will help the company get the priorities straight is crucial in the given scenario. Although the current design is deemed as passable and is accepted by most of our customers, a recent analysis of the subject matter has revealed that it can, in fact, be improved. As a result, attracting new customers may become a possibility. Therefore, the newly designed multipack needs to be tested so that the possible tool for increasing the rates of customer satisfaction within the company could be employed successfully in the organizational framework. Seeing that the study will allow for defining the future brand product of the organization, its value can be deemed as rather high. The problem to be researched, therefore, is not restricted to the choice of the best option for packaging. Instead, the study will have to be aimed at the analysis of the firm’s decision-making processes and the factors that affect the latter. Additionally, the current leadership and management styles adopted in the company will need to be reassessed to identify their fundamental flaws and create a new and improved leadership style. Thus, not only the production process but also the rest of the operations within the organization will be improved significantly. Consequently, the study should have a qualitative design, i.e., establish qualitative relationship between the variables under analysis. Naturally, the adoption of the testing procedure will require that the corresponding strategies for measuring the efficacy of the product should be utilized as quality assurance tools. In order to make the production process as fast as possible and at the same time facilitate a high level of product quality, the introduction of regular audits and a rigid system of assessment should be viewed as an option. The latter tool is crucial, as it will help set the corporate standards; specifically, the issue regarding the process of packages fastening needs to be brought up. Specifically, the characteristics such as the durability of the package and its aesthetics should be considered. Despite the fact that plastic containers have proven to be the cheapest option, their durability leaves much to be desired; to be more exact, they do not endure high temperatures. Therefore, preference should be given to Styrofoam cups (Stevens, 2014). Additionally, the characteristics such as the thickness of the cups should be incorporated into the assessment scale. Moreover, the cup holder will also need to be changed for the above-mentioned properties. Since the temperature of the cups will be reduced with the help of Styrofoam, the holder can be made of a cheaper material, such as polypropylene (PP). However, seeing that the specified material cannot be considered durable, it may be suggested that cup holders should also be made of Styrofoam. Additionally, the product in question must be approximately five inches long and three inches wide; the specified size will allow for creating a steady platform for the cup to be nested in. It is also advisable that the height of the cup holder should be between 8 and 9 inches; as a result, the cup holder will be easy to reach and at the same time hard to topple. Speaking of which, the cup holder should also weigh at least 15 ounces so that it could be steady and safe to use. Once the cups and cup holders produced meet the above-mentioned criteria and are welcomed by the target population, the test can be considered successful. Apart from the multipack issue, the management problem will also need to be addressed. Seeing that the choice of the best design possible is based on the responses retrieved from the staff, it is highly desirable that the employees should be motivated enough to analyze the issue thoroughly and identify the needs of the target customers along with the flaws in the current product. Hence, the management issue will need to be addressed as well. Particularly, the increase in motivation rates among the staff, which will become possible with the adoption of a strategy involving incentives, will have to be considered thoroughly. The employees will need to be engaged in the discussion through the promotion of team spirit, involvement and corporate values (Grant, 2012). Therefore, based on the current rates of engagement among the staff, one might consider the idea of altering the leadership strategy slightly so that the promotion of corporate social responsibility as the basis for enhancing the staff’s performance should be viewed as an option. The test, in its turn, is likely to address the management problem in some way, as it will most probably help enhance the process of engaging the staff into the organization’s development. By participating in the experiment, the members of the organization will realize that they are valued as experienced people and important stakeholders for the company. However, additional changes mentioned above will still be necessary for improving both the production and the management processes. Once the above-mentioned design is implemented, significant changes in the performance of the organization are expected. The increase in both customer and staff satisfaction is essential from the overall success of the organization’s performance. Therefore, the next measures to be taken by the company must be aimed at meeting the needs of the stakeholders in question. Reference List Grant, A. A. (2012). Leading with meaning: beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55 (2), 458–476. Stevens, L. (2014, April 10). Hot drink debate: Paper or plastic? Wall-Street Journal . | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Some theorists hold that torture has legitimate uses and thus there is no need to decry or dismiss it as practices of ‘barbarians’ inconsistent with a free democratic society as represented by the US. The essay examines whether torture needs to be banned universally or are their occasions when its use is inevitable or even desirable. The success of the Mc Cain amendment to ban “cruel, inhuman, or degrading” treatment of any prisoner by any agent of the United States throws up serious practical difficulties for America’s war on Terrorism. The essay argues that sometimes for the greater good of society, individual good has to be sacrificed. The counterargument of the humanists that any form of torture leads to excesses such as Abu Ghraib and that Stalin’s secret police despite serious excesses were not successful in solving even simple crimes and were ultimately disbanded holds some weight. However, the very fact that a terrorist may hold valuable information that has the potential to save thousands of lives may justify the use of torture to extract that information when deemed necessary. The essay argues that terrorists who plant bombs or plan to kill innocent civilians do not come under the definition of lawful combatants and thus do not deserve the same treatment codified in the Geneva conventions for prisoners of war. By restricting one’s options, only helps to strengthen the hand of the enemy who in any case has no value for the lives of their targets. Thus under any law of natural justice, of self-defense, and anticipatory self-defense, extreme measures such as torture are justifiable for the defense of the country and its people. To Torture or Not to Torture, That is the Question The use of torture as an instrument of intimidation, terror, and control is as old as the times humans organized their first societies. Some theorists hold that torture has legitimate uses and thus there is no need to decry or dismiss it as practices of ‘barbarians’ inconsistent with a free democratic society as represented by the US. The issue therefore worth examining is whether torture needs to be banned universally or are their occasions when its use is inevitable or even desirable. Senator John Mc Cain has held that torture is inhumane and has steered the McCain amendment that would ban “cruel, inhuman, or degrading” treatment of any prisoner by any agent of the United States (Krauthammer 1). However, such a formulation defies some serious ground realities. It is an established principle of statecraft that sometimes for the ‘greater good’, individual good needs to be sacrificed. Should such an individual, say a terrorist possess knowledge that can save thousands of lives then by any logic or common sense or indeed statecraft, any means employed that can help extract such information would be a justifiable act. The humanists may argue that ‘third-degree’ measures are open to abuse such as those that took place at Abu Ghraib. Bukovsky observes that “in its heyday, Joseph Stalin’s notorious NKVD (the Soviet secret police) became nothing more than an army of butchers terrorizing the whole country but incapable of solving the simplest of crimes” (4). This finally forced Stalin to dismantle the NKVD. This argument implies that any easy dispensation given to law enforcement agencies to legitimately use torture will ultimately criminalize the upholders of law with disastrous effects on the free American society. It could also lead to the interrogators to “become alcoholics or drug addicts, violent criminals or, at the very least, despotic and abusive fathers and mothers” (Bukovsky, Vladimir 12). The counter-argument to such humanist views is that undoubtedly, without checks and balances any human endeavor tends to gravitate toward the extremes. However, if stringent measures are put into place, code of conduct well defined, and accountability well established then chances of abuse in implementing ‘third-degree’ measures could be curbed. The world today lives in extraordinary times that require extraordinary measures. To state that the American democratic structure will sit by a ‘ticking time bomb’ scenario in deference to ‘human rights and humane means of extracting information would be a dereliction of duty. The prime responsibility of any state is to ensure the safety and security of its people. If in the defense of this safety and security, certain values require modifications albeit, even harsh measures such as torture then it can be considered as legitimate or even mandatory. The terrorists who plant bombs or plan to kill innocent civilians do not come under the definition of lawful combatants and thus do not deserve the same treatment codified in the Geneva conventions for prisoners of war. By restricting one’s options, only helps to strengthen the hand of the enemy who in any case has no value for the lives of their targets. Thus under any law of natural justice, of self-defense, and anticipatory self-defense, extreme measures such as torture is justifiable for the defense of the country and its people. Works Cited Bukovsky, Vladimir. “Torture’s Long Shadow.” 2005. Washington Post. Web. Krauthammer, Charles. “The Truth About Torture.” 2005. The Weekly Standard. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Dissociative Identity Disorder as a Phenomenon Research Paper A dissociative identity disorder or DID is a psychiatric disorder in which one person has two or more personalities. Since the discovery of this disorder, scientists have believed that the first alter (personality) has little or no access to new information that the other receives. Morton’s research article “Interidentity amnesia in dissociative identity disorder” (2017) raises the question of the connection between two alters coexisting in one person, based on episodic memory. The author argues that some of the information may break the barrier between the two alters and become common to both individuals. This statement is based on the results of a study presented in the article, which describes an experiment with three patients with DID, each of whom had two or more alters. The original research was previously conducted by the previous researcher with 20 DID patients with other purposes but using the same experimental model. Each of the patients’ personalities was asked to learn several unfamiliar nouns, and the set was different for each of them. A week later, the alters passed a small test for memory training, and it contained tasks to determine the studied words; both groups of studied nouns and additional distracting words were used in the tests. In the first and second cases, the researchers simultaneously involved control groups to compare the results with the indicators of healthy people and the so-called simulator group. The latter was asked to pretend that they had not seen the first list of words. In two DID patients, the intersection of knowledge was not observed: each person only knew his or her set of words. On the contrary, there was discovered a breakthrough of information between two alters in the test results of the third patient. The author of this article argues that the recognition of a large number of words of the different list by both alters of the patient has vital meaning for a better understanding of the disorder. According to Morton (2017), it proves that the forms of the disease in DID patients are “not homogeneous concerning the depth of the blocking of episodic material from one alter to another” (p. 17). Morton also discusses the nature of dissociative identity disorder, raising the question of the relationship of the disorder with the patient’s psychological or physical trauma. Citing different opinions of colleagues, the researcher notes that inner identity amnesia is most often associated with the subconscious desire of a person to displace traumatic memories, pass them to someone else. Dissociative amnesia is an acute memory disorder in which a person forgets personal information associated with severe destructive stress, but retains other types of memories. The degree of memory impairment can vary – from minor gaps to the complete loss of memories of events that occurred during a certain period (Ashraf et al., 2016). Amnesia is a protective mechanism, an attempt to protect the psyche from unbearable loads (Brand et al., 2016). The cause of memory disorders can be any severe psychological stress. Amnesia with obvious clinical symptoms usually develops when the patient enters the conditions that pose a direct threat to life. It can be natural disasters (floods, earthquakes), fires, industrial disasters, staying in a war zone, or criminal incidents. It can also occur in the background of physical, psychological, emotional, and sexual violence in the family. However, the peculiarity of dissociative identity disorder is that it encourages scientists to call different phases of the patient’s behavior different personalities. All the alters have their character, thinking, memory, which is also consistently preserved and transmitted from episode to episode, as well as the characteristics of the main personality (Ashraf et al., 2016). This is the critical difference between dissociative identity disorder and usual amnesia. It seems most likely that dissociative disorder is presumably caused by the combined effects of external and internal factors. It might be severe stress, the predisposition of some people to dissociation, or the implementation of the psychological defense mechanism in the process of living organism development. The researcher believes that the formation of a unified identity occurs in the process of human development, which means that self-determination in humans is not innate (Morton, 2017). If the child’s development is affected by some traumatic factors, the process of integration of a unified personality is disrupted, and dissociative disorder occurs. This study and its subsequent discussion in Morton’s paper opens up new horizons for scientists who study DID as a phenomenon that demonstrates the lack of knowledge about the human mind. Morton’s conclusion that personalities in one body can not only influence one another but also unconsciously transmit the information received seems to be fair and shows that the barrier separating the alters is not as strong as it seemed. Of course, the study has some limitations, such as a relatively small number of DID patients participated. However, the precedent demonstrates a deep connection between the personalities of DID patients. The results of this study can be used to improve the diagnosis and treatment of DID in the future, as well as to influence the revision of the classical understanding of this disorder. References Ashraf, A., Krishnan, R., Wudneh, E., Acharya, A., & Tohid, H. (2016). Dissociative identity disorder: A pathophysiological phenomenon. Journal of Cell Science and Therapy, 7 (251), 1-3. Brand, B. L., Vissia, E. M., Chalavi, S., Nijenhuis, E. R. S., Webermann, A. R., Draijer, N., & Reinders, A. A. T. S. (2016). DID is trauma based: Further evidence supporting the trauma model of DID. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 134 (6), 560-563. Morton, J. (2017). Interidentity amnesia in dissociative identity disorder. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 22 (4), 315-330. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Little Things Mean a Lot” by O’Connell Report (Assessment) Claire O’Connell, the article’s author, states that everyone once felt bewildered after a good conversation, and the cause was something more than the words. She interviewed Stephen Young, the management consultant, who explained it by discovering micro-messages. Micro-messages are all about the non-verbal part of any conversation: gestures, tone, implication, which appear in every conversation. Humans are now less aware of non-verbal aspects because of well-developed languages, yet these micro-messages still affect relationships a lot. People often get these messages while talking to a boss who writes emails simultaneously, or a spouse who focused on a TV instead of a conversation. Stephen Young first felt the power of micro-messages at one of his jobs when a colleague discouraged him from the reactions and non-verbal sides of their conversations. He then worked on the concept of micro-messages and divided them into two categories: micro-inequities, which severely affect the addressee, and micro-advantages, which motivate and inspire him. Young states that micro-messages have a direct impact on performance: “the way someone listens to you does more than affect your feelings; it has a direct impact on your ability to communicate.” (O’Connell, 2007, p.19). The author highlights that being aware of micro-inequities is a way to eliminate them, yet it is essential not to overact as the addressee would feel the lie under an over-wide smile. Micro-messages are important for all of the types of conversations and may be used to motivate someone to do best instead of discouraging him. Reference O’Connell, C. (2007). Little things mean a lot. The Irish Times. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Consumerism and American Popular Culture Research Paper American popular culture has been formed with the help of television, radio, music, and other means that contributed greatly to the establishment of a specific attitude and ideas in minds of the contemporary citizens. The middle of the 20 th century saw the integration of rock’n’roll with the modern culture, while the 1980s presented an increase in music videos development (Cullen, 2001, pp. 234-235). Radio and television are the primary sources of electronic advertising; in this respect, every means has its advantages and drawbacks as radio is capable of bringing the information supported effectively with music and sounds, while the television-based approach requires bright images with some meaningful content. “More and more corporations learned how to market consumer goods and services internationally” (Stearns, 2001, p.132). New technologies made advertising an integral part of the consumerist society. The global community has experienced the impact of advertising and the development of popular culture in terms of change of cultural values and establishment of the international ones. Advertising has influenced a lot of concepts in the life of ordinary people. Evaluation, quantity, and desire are three trends promoted by the electronic media. You should know that before using some good your body was ugly (teeth were not white enough, the soup was not tasty, dishes were not clean), whereas this product made everything right. You are suggested to have an excessive quantity of something (according to advertisements, you should have two drops of chewing gum rather than one which would be enough). Desire is over the need which involves buying products that were not considered an integral part before. People that had never thoughts about jogging are involved into this because of advertisements of different athletic outfit; food, drinks, and events are promoted on radio and television which presupposes a need to consume these units. Exponential advertisement expansion by utilization of electronic media (Internet in particular), has progressively enhanced consumerism growth as the main cultural living means. America and other developed countries have become well-established in consumerism. Work and social responsibility are parts of advertising because many people are involved in this business without bearing any responsibility for developing false concepts and establishing false cultural and moral values. People should be aware of the genuine properties of this or that product, whereas few producers are interested in informing the consumers of the dangerous or damaging impact of consuming some of their products. In this respect, happiness is the only concept that is preserved in advertising because of gladness after having purchased the desired product which should be an integral part of our lives, as suggested by the media. Under the typhoon of continuously varying standards of the media’s perception of fashion, fitness, and the wanted or rejected, the minds commence dropping logic of personal value. Thus, people do not remember the true values and accept the offered ones instead of requiring quality and something that can be really helpful and can benefit their health, body, cultural development, and other things that are essential. Advertising is a way to promote goods; some of these goods are promoted successfully to the extent that a consumer cannot differentiate between genuine necessity and an obvious attempt to follow the fashion. Justice is abandoned when producers need to sell their goods and services at any cost. References Cullen, J. (2001). Popular culture in American history. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Stearns, P. N. (2001). Consumerism in world history: The global transformation of desire . New York, NY: Routledge. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Tragedy of the Commons Essay The Tragedy of the Commons is an article about population problem resolution. In the first part of the article, Hardin talks about solutions and their context in todays and yesterdays world. He puts the argument of technical and non technical solutions in different contexts and weighs their suitability in different circumstances. Bentham’s rule of “the greatest good for the greatest number” is also discussed in the first few paragraphs where Hardin explains the two reasons why it cannot be realized. He gives the first reason as a mathematical one i.e. two variables cannot be increased at the same time and the second reason as a biological one that dictates that for any life to proceed there must be energy to sustain it; it is not sufficient to do that for the human race with growing population. The writer then tries to explain the phenomenon of ‘tragedy in commons’ using a simple example of pastoralists sharing a vast pasture. There would be an increase in the number of cattle up to the point when the cattle will start putting too much pressure on the pasture, and then there would be tragedy because each extra head would mean more pressure on the pasture which would eventually lead to conflict and even extinction (McVay 9). This system of selection, the writer explains, is used in many areas of our lives in instances where there are limited resources that are not restricted. A natural means of selection then occurs in the form of overcrowding, queues and so on naturally regulating these struggles and it is put that there is no space (Hardin 15). Hardin then goes on to relate these arguments to pollution and conscience. He brings out the fact that conscience can be used as at tool of regulation but warns that this appeals very differently between different individuals. Carefully looking at the article, Hardin tries to argue about the different means of self regulation. He focuses on general people regulation, pollution and even legislation. In my opinion Hardin simply wanted to bring out the different ways of regulation yet with a little touch of humor. He explains that even if a population does not necessarily plan on regulating itself, it is still bound to do so naturally in an order he refers to as the commons (Lloyd 82). He even refers to Charles Darwin as he explains these points although later in the article he drastically changes his views in a display of contrast in his writing. In his view, everything from politics to basic human processes like breeding can be regulated by as simple a process as appealing to the human conscience in the short term (Smith 428). There is a lot of contradiction in Hardin’s article though; he goes ahead to warn that use of conscience may be appealing in the short term but may eventually be perceived differently by the people depending on their reflections and inner beliefs (Lack 29).The need for recognition and mutual agreement has also been brought out as necessary towards the end of the article. In conclusion, Hardin writes that perhaps a simple answer to these population problems is the use of need for necessity and mutual agreement. While accepting that mutual agreement does not mean that everyone would be most comfortable with the resolution. It is perhaps the best way to deal with population problems. The commons is only viable and agreeable in instances of very low populations with excess resources where competition and destruction is still many years away. The Commons system encourages wastage and irresponsibility even in small societies and should not be adopted in modern society. Works Cited Hardin, Garret.“Journal of Heredity .” Science 50(1959):15-20 Lack, Dave The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers. England :Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1954. Lloyd, Willie. Two Lectures on the Checks to Population. England: Oxford University Press, 1833. McVay,Salome.” Scientific American .” Science13 (1966):5-20 Smith, Arnie. The Wealth of Nations . New York:NEW LIB, 1937 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Under the Influence” a Book by Scott Russell Sanders Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Summary 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The book, “Under the Influence” is about a son who gives an account of how his alcoholic father was and the causes of his father’s demise. The main theme of the story is alcoholism. The story highlights on how the father used to conceal alcohol in order to drink it later. In the beginning, he thinks that his father’s predicaments are due to his failures in school and home. However, at the end of the story, the son discovers that he was not the source of his problems but instead alcoholism was. In bizarre circumstances, he also follows his dads’ footsteps and becomes an alcoholic. From the narration, it is evident that individuals are affected, in one way or another, by the kind of actions taken by others. In this case, the narrator’s father was always drunk and his death affected his friends, family and himself. The tale relates to the narrator’s personal life. He confesses, “Alcoholism does run in my family but really only affected two people, my dad and my grandpa”. He goes on saying, “I was mortified” (Sanders, 1989). Alcoholism caused a lot of troubles in this family. From its effects, the narrator’s dad became irresponsible, cruel and at the end, the doctor’s recommended a liver transplant for him. At the same time, the narrator’s grandpa was dying due as a result of the same. The impact of alcohol is so intense that, “In matter of minutes, the content of a bottle could transform a brave man into a coward, a buddy into a bully, a gifted athlete and skilled carpenter and shrewd business man into a bumbler”. The book, “The Inheritance of Tools,” explains the significance of family associations and parental leadership in the development of a human being. Beginning with his grandfather, the storyteller’s family created a connection through the utilization of tools. The narrator illustrates this connection by saying, “The tools in my workbench are a double inheritance, for each hammer and level and saw is wrapped in a cloud of knowing” (Sanders , 1986). According to the narrator, his association with his children, grandfather, and father is vital to life, character, education as well as the entire family. His initial teachings about life were based on his dad’s advice. Summary In this book, “Under the Influence”, it is revealed that the brain is exceedingly vulnerable to the utilization of alcohol. It is stated in the story that, “When drunk, our father was clearly in his wrong mind. He became a stranger, as fearful to us as any graveyard lunatic, not quite frothing at the mouth but fierce enough, quick-tempered, explosive: or else he grew maudlin and weepy, which frightened us nearly as much” (Sanders, 1989). The effect of alcohol on an individual varies as it can alter the way one thinks and make one to become a great liar as well as violent. This situation is so serious that the children have to keep their father in check. This habit has become an obsession that individuals cannot let go. Consequently, alcohol drinking does not only affect the consumers but also their families. It is brought out in the narration that, “Living with an alcoholic is definitely hard”. In “The Inheritance of Tools,” the narrator talks of the knowledge that he attained from his dad by saying, “On our walk to the house, he explained that sound takes time to make its way through the air.” He further provides insight into how he was taught by the dad at a tender age on how to utilize a hammer. His father used to tell him, “Don’t look at your hands; don’t look at the hammer. Just look at the head of the nail and pretty soon you’ll learn to hit it square.” He transfers this same knowledge to his own children. He explains to his daughter that by putting food to the fore of the vents would ultimately lure the gerbils out and back to safety. He says, “The grain in hickory is crooked and knotty, and therefore tough, hard to split, like the grain in the two men who owned this hammer before me”. He did this while referring to the character of his grandfather and father. From the knowledge of his father as well as the tales of his grandfather, the storyteller portrays how he attained his personality and character. The character teachings from his grandfather started with the tale of the house he constructed. He asserts, “After proposing marriage to a neighbor girl, my grandfather used this hammer to build a house for his bride on a stretch of river” (Sanders , 1986). Conclusion The importance of the narrative, “Under the Influence”, is that it enables the narrator to acknowledge that he has a family yet he is taking after his dead dad, an alcoholic. He vividly understands the consequences of alcoholism and the kind of trouble he will put his family in. The second story also touches on the issue of becoming aware of the environment and how to handle it. The current society harbors a lot of alcoholics and this has presented a big challenge to the existence of the family. This menace has made it possible for the growth of prevention groups to minimize its impact. This story, “Under the Influence” best suits those individuals who have alcoholics within their families since it highlights on the effects of alcoholism. Consequently, it serves to enlighten those individuals whose families do not have alcoholics. The narrative is well outlined and the theme alcoholism well brought out. References Sanders, S. (1986 ). The Inheritance of Tools . New York, NY: Mc-Graw Hill. Print Sanders, S. (1989). Under the Influence . New York, NY: SAGE. Print | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Freedom in “Purple Hibiscus” by Chimamanda Adichie Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Bibliography Introduction Chimamanda Adichies first novel “Purple Hibiscus”, published in 2004, has made a considerable success all over the world due to its deep realism and the wide variety of philosophical and moral questions, raised by the author. She makes the reader to look at the world through the eye of a teenager, fifteen year-old girl Kambili; the task, which is difficult to fulfill, because adults are seldom able to recreate their childhood experiences. Discussion The most dominant motif of “Purple Hibiscus” is the concept of freedom; by contrasting Kambilis and Aunt Ifeomas families, Chimamanda Adichie proves that perception of freedom can vary. Additionally, the author shows the evolvement of the main characters (Kambili, her mother Beatrice and her brother Jaja), paying extra attention to the process of their emancipation. In this respect, it should be also mentioned that the novel is full of symbols, for example, the gorgeous house that the main character lives in. At first glance, it may seem that it is a palace, or a dream, but in fact, it proves to be the prison, governed by Eugene Achilike, Kambilis father. This character is one of the central figures in the novel, his is trying to rule over (such formulation is the most appropriate in this case) other members of the family by stick and carrot; he can be loving and cruel simultaneously. Being a religious fanatic, he wants everyone to follow his example. Every deviation from the rules is severely punished. However, his totalitarian regime is gradually falling into a decline, members of the family are starting to rebel against his rule. The narrator says “Things started to fall apart when my brother Jaja did not go to communion”(Adichie, 4). Yet, this is just the first sign of the mutiny, which is not mature enough. The main characters are still subdued to the rule of Eugene. For instance, Kambilis mother, Beatrice silently tolerates her husband’s tyranny, to some extent, she symbolizes an average Nigerian woman, who is practically deprived of her rights. Beatrice takes her husband’s brutalities for granted, despite Ifeomas advice to leave Eugene. As regards Jaja, Eugene’s son, it should be mentioned, that he is trying to show signs of disobedience to his father, but he is not strong enough to oppose (not only physically but also spiritually) him. The main character and the narrator Kambili, is virtually silent in the presence of her father, she can hardly express her views, knowing that it may result in a fit of her father’s anger. As it has already been mentioned earlier, the novel is full of contrasts and oppositions. The situation takes an unexpected turn, when Kambili is sent to her aunt Ifeomas house, which is entirely different from the luxurious prison, she lives in. The transition is quite noticeable even in the language of the main character. At the beginning of the novel, the narrator speaks in Standard English, but later, she mixes it with Igbo words, which were strictly prohibited by her father. Aunt Ifeoma is a very educated person; however, she does not reject her native culture. Additionally, she does not impose fixed schedules on her children, or punish them for every alleged “sin”, as her brother is prone to do. Kambili is given a free hand, which is very unusual to her. In this respect, it should be mentioned that even the title of the book is symbolic. The main character can be compared to the flower, hibiscus, which is finally allowed to bloom. She even falls in love with the priest, father Amadi. Such thing would have been inconceivable, if she had continued to live with her father. Aunt Ifeomas influence is also noticeable in the behavior of Beatrice, who is no longer able to suffer Eugene’s dominance, and she poisons him. However, Aunt Ifeoma should not be viewed as the instigator. She just gives Beatrice the stimuli to emancipate herself. The murder is a natural result of Eugene’s cruelty and brutality. It is worth mentioning that Jaja screens his mother, which means that he does not view her act as a crime, at least, in terms of his moral. Conclusion It is quite possible to say that freedom, obtained by main characters, can be ascribed to two factors: first, Aunt Ifeomas impact, because she shows them that there is the world without bondage and oppression. Another factor is the reaction to Eugene’s cruelty (especially it concerns Beatrice), because sooner or later, every human being is bound to overthrow his or her oppressor. Bibliography Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. “Purple Hibiscus”. Anchor Books, 2004. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
UMUC Haircuts’ Business Process Models and Improvements Essay Table of Contents 1. Business Process Models 2. Customer and Employee Scheduling 3. Work Scheduling Software 4. Required Components 5. Process Improvement 6. Proposed Technology and Generic Strategy 7. Reference Analysis of UMUC Haircuts’ business process will be developed from the identified areas in the previous case. These can be presented as follows: * Generic Strategy: Broad Market and Low Cost * Strategic Business Area: Employees * Process to Be Improved: Customer and Employee Scheduling Business Process Models Feed employee and customer data into the database The above process model is the current process used by UMUC in handling employee and customer scheduling. However, the processed model will entail the following: Customer and Employee Scheduling Customer and employee scheduling was identified as the business process that needs improvement. The process needs information technology to improve how Myra makes appointments with the customers and schedules work processes. It has become difficult for the entrepreneur to match customer appointments with the employees’ work programs. Moreover, the organization is losing a lot of business to the competitors since most of the walk-in customers are turned away. Work Scheduling Software Information technology solution that will be used to solve the problem is a work scheduling software. The program will integrate internet connectivity with communication devices such as telephones. It will be installed in the computers of the organization. The program is easy to use and therefore will not require many funds to install and operate. Myra will install the program using the manual, which is very easy to read and understand. Required Components Work scheduling software will require different components for its installation. In terms of services, the program will require internal employees of the organization. The employees will be informed about the program and how it operates. It will require one computer. However, it will be operated from a single computer in case the organization cannot afford several computers. The software will rely on internet connectivity and telephone devices (Cousins & Stewart, 2008). The program may not require additional housing facilities since it can be installed in one computer, which can be set in one of the offices within the building. Process Improvement Implementation of the program will enable Myra to improve customer and employee scheduling in the organization. It will require the business to identify arrival time, departure time, and the total hours available for each employee. These elements will be fed into the program and every employee will be assigned various duties based on the data. On the other hand, the organization will identify reporting and departure time for each customer. Myra will use the two sets of data to ensure that reporting and departure time for the employees and customers is consistent. After allocating the employees and the customers according to the schedule, Myra will have extra time to attend to walk-in customers. The entrepreneur may hire additional staff who will attend to the customer or handle cases of emergency. Proposed Technology and Generic Strategy Broad market and low cost require an organization to offer a wide product line to different consumers in the market. The strategy entails product diversification and reduced cost of operation for increased profitability. Work scheduling program proposed in this case will be used to ensure that UMUC can offer a wide a variety of services that will include hair styling, barber services, manicures, and shampoo services. Without proper scheduling the business will not manage to provide the services to a large number of customers. The program will also improve the performance and productivity of the employees through proper planning. Reference Cousins, J. & Stewart, T. (2008). What is business process design and why should I care? New York, NY: RivCom. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
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