text
large_stringlengths 2
26.8k
| model
large_stringclasses 9
values | temperature
float64 0
1
| target
int64 0
1
| top_p
float64 0
1
| family
large_stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Song report (Metallica – Enter sandman) Essay Metallica is a rock band consisting of four main members although it had other members who left the band to form their own bands. It was formed in 1981in Los Angeles. The band is considered to be one of the initiators of hard rock as a type of rock music. They included aggressiveness and instrumentals in their music and coupled it with quick tempo. This made them to be recognized for their hard metallic rock style of music. This article details on how the group Metallica fits into the history of rock. It also highlights on their inspirations and influences during the moments that they became a hit. Besides this, this article also highlights on some of the aspects of the song ‘enter sandman’ by the group with respect to historical traces of style and musical ingredient. Rock music has over the past years been changing to a different style and after sometimes it reinvents itself and moves back to the old style. Rock music dates back to 1940s with the introduction of electric guitars. It became a modification of the style that existed then. The group Metallica began during the 1980s where mainstream rock music had lost its ground on and started to sound stale. This paved the way for new ideas such as post punk and metal rock. They used more electric instrumentations with a mode of songwriting that was quite different. Among the groups that were active during this period included the Metallic. Its first album in 1983, displayed this new entry of rock music and it got popularity among rock fans. Gradually they managed to pull four albums by the end of 1980s. All these albums were relevant to the mode of the rock music of that time. Metallica has been very influential in the music of rock. They are among the rock bands that are attributed to the founding of the trash rock. This is their legacy and their biggest contribution to the history of rock. They have sold millions of copies of their music globally with the US being the largest consumer of their music. This has made it to be referred to as the most influential band that existed in the 80s. Their style of music and handling of the electric guitar, made so many other band to want to emulate them. Some of their songs have been featured in many albums belonging to other rock bands that were inspired by Metallica. The music channel MTV placed the group as the third best metal rock band of all time. Their main big influences included bands that played heavy metal in the past. The song enter sandman, was a big hit in its time winning several awards. It incorporated aspects of styles that were used during the early times of rock music. For instance it uses fast tempos, a style that was earlier used by groups such as the scorpion that sang heavy metal. This same style was equally used by hard rock groups and punk rock. Another aspect of the song stylistic devise is the use of harmonized leads, something very common with earlier rock music such as punk and heavy metal. The song was recorded to target the mainstream market that was looking promising then. It managed to attract a very huge crowd and liking. It won several awards and sold millions of copies to the entire world. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Independence from Great Britain. Paine’s “Common Sense” Essay Introduction In his quest to see a free America, Thomas Paine, through his pamphlet, Common Sense, presented facts and ideas of enlightenment to the Americans, in a clear and plain language, explaining why America should seek Independence from tyrannical rule by Britain. He attacked the British Monarchs as he felt that it was a stumbling block toward American Unity, progress and equality. The father of American Independence Besides the strong conviction that God intended that all men be free from all forms of rules, Paine also felt that Economic Independence was another reason why Americans should break away from England’s rule. The British controlled all markets and trade and had full control of who America was to do business with to keep hold of colonial Economic power. To gain economic independence, Americans had to put a government in place and this was only possible through the declaration of independence. There was general insinuation by loyalists that Americans were better off under Britain’s rule. Paine was deeply angered by this. His conviction is best illustrated by this quote from his Pamphlet “we may as well assert that because s child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat…to this I answer more loudly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power taken notice of her” Paine also felt that by seeking Independence, America will avoid being drawn into unnecessary European conflicts. Britain’s enemy did not necessarily have to be American enemies. This line best express his opinion “……because any submission or dependence on Great Britain tends directly to involve this Continent in European wars and quarrels and set us at variance with nations who would otherwise seek our friendship, and against whom we have neither anger nor complaint” There was the need for America to build a strong empire based on pillars of freedom, truth, and religion. This was because Britain could not guarantee the existence and prosperity of American as America was “a secondary object in the system of British Politics”. England could only protect Americans when securing their interest. A strong American would become a beacon of hope to the new world order and will be a home to those who had been oppressed worldwide. On the British monarch leadership that had historically undermined American self-governance, he felt that the composition of a monarch as entrenched Britain’s constitution was contradictory. On expressing his stand he says “There is something exceedingly ridiculous in the composition of Monarchy; it first excludes a man from the means of information, yet empowers him to act in cases where the highest judgment is required” Paine felt that Monarch rule does not make sense to Americans many miles away from Britain. The King was not in complete control of all British colonies and therefore the monarch couldn’t treat all people in those colonies equally. American liberty and peace was at risk under a monarchy as the British Monarchs had little to do “……..but lay the world in blood and ashes” Conclusion Today, Paine is regarded as the father of American Independence; he influenced American people and leaders like George Washington in a great way. His message was well understood by Americans of all classes; support for the British Monarch the King dwindled, culminating in the declaration of Independence. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Criminal Justice Employees’ Rights and Laws Essay The responsibilities of a criminal justice administrator concerning employees’ rights are quite diverse. A variety of acts defines the appropriate conditions of employment, including the Fair Labor and Standards Act, Equal Pay Act, and several anti-discrimination acts (Peak, 2011). Apart from that, the rights of criminal justice employees can “arise out of federal and state constitutions, statutes, administrative regulations, and judicial interpretations and rulings” (Peak, 2011, p. 297). For example, the right to privacy is guaranteed by a complex of legislative documents. In particular, even though the Constitution does not include a direct reference to such a right, it contributes the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Ninth Amendments, which include various parts of the complex notion of the right to privacy (Miller, 2016, p. 48). An employer is expected to comply with privacy requirements, but it is notable that in certain cases, the line between private life and duty is blurred, which may change the attitude of the law to the rights of an employee. Examples of such incidents include the Pool v. VanRheen (2002) case, which is concerned with the First Amendment and the freedom of speech infringement that was deemed justifiable under the circumstances. In Pool v. VanRheen (2002), Pool’s First Amendment rights were considered to be outweighed by the “legitimate administrative interests” of her department after she had written a very harsh letter that dwelled on its organization, management, and employees (p. 911). The incident resulted in Pool’s demotion. It is noteworthy that Pool’s letter was created after an apparent case of discrimination that was directed against her, which might have justified her right to the freedom of expression, but in this particular case, the “administrative interests” of her department were considered to be more significant, and the demotion was deemed acceptable. It is noteworthy that this example of a judicial interpretation affecting a Constitutional right of an employee demonstrates that there is a complex relationship between the employees’ rights that are guaranteed by different sources. Apart from that, it clearly shows that the relationship between the employer responsibilities and employees’ rights may lead to controversial cases. Drug testing at the workplace is another controversial issue, which can be regarded as anti-constitutional (against the Fourth Amendment) but which is still required for several settings in the form of pre-employment, follow-up, random, and reasonable suspicion testing (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2016). Drug use is considered to be a type of conduct that characterizes an employee in a negative way, which is especially true for criminal justice workers (Haberfeld, 2016). However, the specific laws that define the process of handling an employee (or a potential employee) with a drug use record differ from state to state. For example, in New Orleans, a recruit who used marijuana two years before the application will be disqualified, but in the Boston Police Department, any prior drug use is considered a potential obstacle for service rather than a patent one (Haberfeld, 2016, p. 296). This example shows how state legislation can affect the responsibilities of an administrator and the rights of the employees. A criminal justice administrator is also expected to protect the employees from various types of discrimination and harassment. For example, the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act demands that criminal justice organizations do not discriminate against employees who have disabilities and provide “reasonable” accommodation (Peak, 2011). This term can be regarded as a relatively vague one, which makes it another source of controversies, but suitable accommodations can include, for example, changes in schedules, improvements of the workplace environment (to make it more accessible), and the adjustment of policies if necessary. Similarly, the protection against sexual misconduct or harassment is Constitutional in the US (Peak, 2011). Harassment occurs when an employee is exposed to unwelcome conduct, which is based on diversity indicators (for sexual harassment, it is gender) and results in a hostile environment at the workplace or various employment outcomes. In case any of the two conditions is not fulfilled, the case cannot be classified as harassment, and should be treated differently. To prevent harassment, an administrator ensures the existence and enforcement of an organization’s rules and policies concerning the issue, manages the organization’s culture, and works towards the creation of an inclusive, diversity-friendly environment (Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2011, p. 254). It can be concluded that nowadays the responsibilities of a criminal justice administrator are very diverse, but the necessary information and tools for their fulfillment are provided. References Haberfeld, M. (2016). The triangle of recruitment, selection, and training in 21st century policing. In M. Deflem (Ed.), The Politics of Policing: Between Force and Legitimacy (pp. 295–313). Bradford, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Miller, R. (2016). Business law today . Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2016). Drug testing . Web. Peak, K. (2011). Justice administration (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Pool v. VanRheen, 297 F.3d 899 (2002). Stojkovic, S., Kalinich, D., & Klofas, J. (2011). Criminal justice organizations (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Significance of Film Festivals for Tourism Case Study Based on the work of Kostopoulou, & Kalogirou (2011) which examined the connection between increased tourism and film festivals within various towns and municipalities, it was discovered that film festivals were important “drivers of growth”. This opinion was based on the Venice Film Festival which created a positive impact on the local community within Venice in the form higher numbers of tourists, an influx of foreign currency as well as increased consumption of locally made products (Grunwell, Ha, & Martin, 2008). Evidence of this assertion can also be seen in other film festivals such as those in New York, Manila and Tokyo. These events often draw hundreds of commuters from all around the various cities in those regions as well as tourists from other parts of the world. What must be understood is that with the establishment of events such as these, this often creates a positive impact on the economy of a local community. A greater number of tourists means higher income levels for local hotels, shops and other assorted businesses which in turn creates a considerable degree of prosperity (Kostopoulou, & Kalogirou, 2011). For example, the Venice Film Festival which is sponsored by the local government often brings tourists from as far away as the U.S., Europe and Canada which creates a subsequent influx in tourism based income to the various businesses located within that area. While Venice is also a well known tourist destination, it is often hard to determine when a large amount of potential tourists would arrive. It is due to this that scheduled tourism events such as the Venice Film Festival enables local businesses to plan in advance for the influx of tourists and make the most out it (Venice Film Festival, 2013). The Zayed University Middle East Film Festival (ZUMEFF) is actually an annual event that is hosted by the university wherein students get to participate in a contest where they showcase the various films that they have developed over the course of their media studies. This event was originally started by two College of Communication and Media Sciences students which expanded over the years into its present day iteration. What is interesting about ZUMEFF is that it is not hosted by a local council or a government sponsored initiative, rather, it began as a simple project and then continued to expand as it became more popular over the years. In comparison to the Venice Film Festival, ZUMEFF is rather small; however, when taking into consideration the fact that it is an event that was started by students and hosted by a university, it is still very impressive. ZUMEFF also happens to utilize Facebook, Twitter and other forms of social media in order to promote the events at the festival. This is in part due to the growing popularity of social media as a method of sharing news and information which makes it an ideal platform for “getting the word out there” so to speak when it comes to popularizing ZUMEFF (Zumeff, 2014). Another interesting facet of ZUMEFF is the resulting influx of economic activity at the Zayed Convention Centre (Zumeff, 2014). As students and normal viewers come to the convention centre to watch the various films, local businesses experience an increase in the number of customers that buy their goods and services. Conclusion Overall, what this report has shown is that film festivals can become important drivers of economic growth for local communities. Reference List Grunwell, S. S., Ha, I., & Martin, B. S. (2008). A Comparative Analysis of Attendee Profiles at Two Urban Festivals. Journal Of Convention & Event Tourism , 9 (1), 1-14. Kostopoulou, S., & Kalogirou, S. (2011). The spatial-economic impact of cultural events. International Journal Of Sustainable Development , 14 (3), 309-331. Venice Film Festival. (2013). Hollywood Reporter , (31), 24-26. Zumeff. (2014). Submissions now open for Zumeff 2014 . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Challenges at Webster Company 3. Performance Appraisal System (PAS) 4. Reasons for the elevated layoffs at Webster 5. Failure of PAS to Oversee the Proposed Layoffs 6. Conclusion 7. Bibliography Introduction Webster is a fabric manufacturing industry located on a 17-acre land on the outskirts of Georgia. The top managers and middle-level corporate are housed at the firms’ location in a refurbished farmhouse and a modernized office building respectively. The firm is in the process of lying off a huge number of employees. A third of the region’s populace work at Webster, therefore the company is a major entity in community decision-making procedures where it acts dutifully by ensuring its employees accept their civic responsibilities. The company attracted highly educated personnel from various states and assisted in implementing various excellent resources, thus making the rural Georgia highly ranked compared to the other states. Challenges at Webster Company Webster Company has always faced strains relating to geographical distribution of operations. The company has always hired skilled managers preferably the MBAs since 1955 since Mark Webster pointed towards clear procedures of showing importance and need for respecting professionals. Abe Webster, the current president has seen through immense expansions of the company especially establishment or trade relations with SMEs. The employees are motivated to work at Webster and are proud to have a link to a globally renowned and first-class company. They are proud to produce internationally recognized merchandise, have excellent work relations with management that ensured good rewards for productivity. The working conditions are also outstanding compared to potential competitors. The rapid growth of the firm therefore enforces its ability to produce more, provide better challenges for its employees and provides employment/advancement opportunities for many people including Bob Cater. He has worked in various managerial positions including that of an assistant to President, Abe Webster during his over ten years experience at the company. The company’s use of Human Resource ‘performance appraisal program’ ought to be a good information system mechanism to base the current layoffs, due to the clear-cut layouts of each employee’s performance developments, over the years/time worked for the company. The layoff would adversely affect majority of the employees’ considering their view of the company attitude towards performance. The firm therefore rewards them through various social activities such as team building occasions, and employees consider that a ten years experience at the company is a guaranteed job offer. Ike Davis who is in-charge of the lay-offs is quick to indicate possible employee’s disappointments especially those with over ten years of experience at the firm. The policies have always been of paternalism where all major decisions depended on the highest executive. According to Ulrich (137, 1997), the weakness of such an ‘open-door’ system is the loophole set for other to find favouring associations such as alluring top executive for underserved promotions. Performance Appraisal System (PAS) The aim of implementing ‘Performance Appraisal System’ (PAS) was to assist managers establish, attain goals and provide appraisal procedure for determining performance of employees. PAS would therefore assist in making decisions concern with promotions, demotions, lay-offs or ways of developing and nurturing responsibility among employees. The role of executives from various departments especially Bob Carter whose department faces the higher lay-off effects is to establish achievement of these PAS roles since its implementation, without favouring a role more than the other roles. Reasons for the elevated layoffs at Webster The firm faces worker’s dismissal challenges due to need to conform to the harsh economic conditions such as slowed growth in the construction industries who are the main clients for Webster’s carpet business. Secondly, the firm has to cater for the high inflation rates that cause low sales, therefore leading to low company earning. The economic changes have brought to light the need for Webster’s rapid change to accommodate the economic conditions. Currently, the company faces a challenge connected to its earlier poor control mechanisms over general growth. There were huge and fast diversification programs. The company therefore had sloppy staffing and thus ended with too many employees. Until recently, the company had poor performance evaluation procedures and found no need to demote or layoff its employees. Failure of PAS to Oversee the Proposed Layoffs The PAS is young, having been in operation for only the past three years. The system was voluntary, where auditors would collect data randomly. The system is also biased due to good rating for nearly every employee. The genuineness of data provided by employees on voluntary basis would compromise the rating or violate the confidential assurances. The system lacks well-established performance evaluation procedures such as a measurement criterion. The management objectives involve planning for business goals and assignment of duties. Would performance achievement s focus on these duties? Lack of assigned duties for various departmental employees would compromise use of the criteria to evaluate performance. Conclusion The action plan for the executives especially Bob Carter, whose department is highly affected should find other performance evaluation mechanisms other than depend on information from PAS. Working with the total production efficiency as the performance measurement criteria would favour those with experience in the firm. The best procedure in this case would be evaluation of individual’s profiles for analysis of strengths and weaknesses in various dimensions, for instance comparing individual’s performance levels to his/her average or anticipated levels (Storey, 39, 2009). Bibliography Storey, J. (2009). The routledge companion to strategic human resource management. New York, NY: Routledge Publishers. Ulrich, D. (1997). Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results . Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
However, this perception is increasingly losing currency as transgender and intersex individuals are now competing in sports and other recreational activities more than ever before (Oakleaf, 2015). The case example provided underscores the importance of drafting a policy aimed at directing the participation of transgender individuals in recreational sports leagues in Los Angeles. The best way to go about drafting the policy is to relax perceptions of sex segregation in recreational sports leagues by virtue of the fact that these sports are more about fun than about ensuring fair competition. Available literature underscores the “growing recognition that strict sex segregation threatens to exclude from competition those who are transgender, transsexual, or intersex, which is itself a form of unfairness” (Bialystok, 2016, p. 605). Drawing from this elucidation, the proposed policy statement on transgender participation in mixed leagues will not require transgender athletes to prove their gender identity through the testimony of professional experts and psychologists; on the contrary, the policy will aim to address the rights of transgender players by adopting a more inclusive approach to participation in recreational sports leagues. Specifically, the proposed policy will encourage transgender players to participate in the recreational sports leagues based on how they identify with their respective genders in order to reduce any perceptions of discrimination or unfair treatment (Bialystok, 2016). In instances where the decision to participate based on how transgender players identify with their respective genders may conflict with the interests of other “normal” players, the proposed policy will follow a set of predetermined standards to decide the issues on a case-by-case basis. This will entail making a determination on whether the sex change is a result of hormone treatments or surgery, the length or duration of hormonal treatments, and the inspection of birth certificates to determine gender at birth. Under the proposed policy, male-to-female or female-to-male transgender players under medically prescribed hormonal treatment for the desired sex change will be allowed to participate in mixed leagues at any time since the games are not competitive in nature (Wahlert & Fiester, 2012). Lastly, the proposed policy will underscore the need to not only preserve the medical privacy of transgender players within the community but also to treat them with kindness, dignity, and respect (Bialystok, 2016). As such, the policy will have educational and awareness-creation components to ensure that these needs are successfully met. The factors that need to be considered in drafting the policy include making a determination of how the transgender status was reached, exploring the possibility of holding several “mixed” sports disciplines to deal with the issue of fairness, identifying ways through which safe and healthy recreation opportunities could be provided to all citizens regardless of their sex/gender, and reaching out to the local members of the transgender community to understand their needs and expectations (Wahlert & Fiester, 2012). In resources, it is important to evaluate how the locker rooms and restrooms in the parks are able to handle the needs of transgender individuals during recreational competitions (Oakleaf, 2015). It is also important to make a consideration of how transgender athletes will be accommodated in competitions and what educational materials may be used to address the issue of gender stereotypes. References Bialystok, L. (2016). Transgender inclusion in single-sex competition: The case of beauty pageants. Social Theory & Practice, 42 (3), 605-635. Web. Oakleaf, L. (2015). Social equity in parks for the transgender community . Parks & Recreation, 50 (10), 46-49. Web. Wahlert, L., & Fiester, A. (2012). Gender transports: Privileging the natural in gender testing debates for intersex and transgender athletes. American Journal of Bioethics, 12 (7), 19-21. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
If Spain Colonized North America? Essay Colonization is not a new term to most of us. Any colonized people lived according to the wish of their colonizers. Colonization stood for the act of taking over a country and becoming the controller of every activity that was practiced in that country including ruling the people. This practice left many countries depressed and caused the deaths of many people who tried to resist. The practice also made people to be treated as slaves in their countries. The colonizers also used them as trading items. The colonizers took everything that seemed to be good from the people and sent it to their home countries. They took the best land for their activities and to make matters worse, they used the civilians to work in the land as laborers. (Rakoczy) A good example of a colonizing country was Spain. This country colonized both England and France. The reason why Spain managed to colonize the two was because of the underdevelopment in these countries. These two countries were not established hence making it easy for them to be colonized. Migration was another reason why Spain managed to conquer and colonize the two countries. The people in these countries migrated from place to place hence leaving a vacuum for colonization. Instability was another thing that enabled Spain to conquer the two. The English and French people were not firm because of the prevailing poverty in their countries. Since Spain was somehow strong, it got an opportunity for colonizing them. Primitiveness was another reason that led to the colonization. The French and English people had not known much concerning development so there was no alternative apart from Spain colonizing them. (Martin, Robert, & Mintz 1) The experience that Spain had gotten from colonizing these two countries allowed it to colonize other regions like North America. However, this could have posed numerous challenges for Spain had it tried to colonize these regions. To begin with, North America was wealthy. On the virtue of its wealth, it would have been hard for Spain to colonize North America since there would be so many challenges in handling it. If by any chance Spain had colonized the region, there would be a great conflict between them. Unlike England and France, the North American region was civilized. Civilization started from those sides so it was hard for Spain to colonize North America effectively. Owing to the education that the North American region had, Spain could not manage to rule them and if they did, there could be so many confrontations coming up. (Rakoczy) North America was also fully established. This region was well known and for this reason, Spain could not have had the chance of approaching them. If Spain had managed to colonize them, it would become one of the most famous nations in the world. In a bid to attain recognition, they would enter into a fight. The rate of crime in Spain could not allow them to colonize North America since the North American region had no known history of crime. This meant that if Spain had tried to colonize North America, there could be many conflicts that could result in war between them. The easy way, which Spain had got in colonizing England and France, could not allow them to colonize a big region like North America. In history, Spain had not colonized a big region like North America. This meant that they had no experience in handling big countries. This could make them be easily overthrown. (Martin, Robert, & Mintz 2) The fast growth of North America enabled them to be firm. This meant that few countries could shake them. If Spain had tried to colonize them, they would end up in shame since North America was more developed than Spain. All these among others made it hard for Spain to have a hard time colonizing some regions like North America. The truth is that if Spain had succeeded in colonizing North America, they would get nothing good other than defeat and suffer great shame. (Martin, Robert, & Mintz 2) On the other hand, there are several benefits that Spain could have gotten if they had a chance of colonizing North America. For instance, Spain would inherit a rich religion since North America had a highly religious culture. Religion is a rich culture and influences all people despite their power. This means that Spain could have been impacted positively by the rich North American religious culture. Secondly, Spain would have gained the aspect of respect that North Americans had built from the beginning. In turn, they would have begun practicing this in Spain. This respect enabled North America to be respected and the countries that thought of colonizing it, in turn, shied away. (Rakocyz) Although Spain colonized many countries that were regarded as powerful, it did not get a chance of colonizing North America. This was due to the immense power wielded by North America and the fact that the region was more developed than Spain. In an event that Spain had gotten a chance to colonize North America, it would have found it hard to govern it properly. The immense power held by North America could not have allowed them to sit back and watch their country being taken away. This would lead to constant wars and defeat for Spain. Works cited Martin, James, Robert, Randy, & Mintz, Steven. America and its people .2 nd Ed, HarperCollinsCollegePublishers, 1993. Print. Rakocyz, Christy. When did the American Revolution start? n.d. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Significance of Written Communication Essay Written communication is essential in the domestic, academic and professional arenas, a reason why school and college students must strive to be perfect in writing. In colleges we take down lecture notes in writing, professionals communicate to fellow workers via written documents while at home we write mails to our friends and family members. Written communication is just as significant as verbal or non verbal communication since both help us relate with others. We have learned much over history through reading books, journals and letters written by the past generation. This is to say written communication play significance in storing information for future reference. In academic arena, it is a course requirement that students must demonstrate excellence in writing. This is because, for a student to be successful he or she must be fluent in writing. Unless one is excellence in writing it will be difficult for him/her to take down notes while lecture is going on. Also writing exam requires writing proficiency because without good written communications skills it is a problem in answering questions. Taking notes or writing material when revising for exams, help student to retain those materials more easily and for long time. Therefore proficiency in writing is one of requirement in courses undertaken by students. When communicating to their instructors, students need to demonstrate ability in writing either through a paper or written contact. Some instructors may require their student to communicate to them (instructors) through writing. It will be only easier for a student to communicate with his/her instructor through writing if only he or she has excellent writing skills. Therefore written communication plays a key role in development of student-lecture relationship. In professional arena, writing is very crucial throughout the employment process. Employers require job seekers to seek consideration for advertised vacancy through formal writing. By going through curriculum vitae of many applicants, the employer judges them by their ability to communicate in writing. Employers will choose the application in which the applicant has excellently expressed him or herself in writing. In addition, professionals communicate with their seniors and worker mates in writing. For instance, time might only require professionals to communicate with their co-workers in writing; that is due to lack of time and commitment, professionals might not call for a meeting to address others workers but just make a memo and distribute to them. This is to say written communication saves time. In domestic arena, we require writing in our daily life. It often used when communicating to our friend and family members. Our family members and friends, whom we want to pass any message to, may not be within our reach via verbal communication. As result we may write mails or e-mails to pass the message to them. We apply some credit through writing and also by writing we get to fill paper works which are necessary to us. There are times when we can communicate with our friends only in writing. For instance, a person with learning disability can only be communicated with in writing. Hence writing is significance in bridging communication gap resulting from specific disabilities. Generally communication in writing plays a significant role in storing information for future reference other than direct communication. We spend a lot of time reading written materials that we have kept them for years. These materials remind us of events that happened before us or the goods time we had with our friends in recent past. We keep information in writing so as to remember in case we forget. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Aside from the basic preparation process of a cup of coffee, the program would need to operate with several other variables. Firstly, the machine would need to be able to distinguish whether it is ON or OFF. Secondly, a variable that specifies the period of operation would be required. Therefore, the machine would need to be able to determine the current time and set additional time brackets considering the current time. Thirdly, the program needs a variable that monitors and assesses the quantities of water and coffee present. It should be able to indicate whether the existing supplies are sufficient to make coffee. If not, they should turn the machine off to avoid damaging the tool. To perform its duties correctly, the program should allow for multiple functions to operate. A variable that would allow to update and display the current time is required for the coffee maker, since it would aid in setting the preferred making time. The differentiation between OFF and ON is carried out by the main code. The use of the pseudocode is an effective method in outlining the main presumed operations for the coffee maker. It allows a user to go through every step and every diverging point to understand the structure of the code and the functionality it would entail. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Antibiotic Bacteria Resistance Essay The ability of a bacteria or virus to resist the effects of another microorganism is widely referred to as antibiotic resistance. A providential experiment in 1928 by Alexander Fleming led to the discovery of antibiotics. Antibiotics can be defined as naturally occurring substances produced by bacteria and work to kill other competing bacteria. Fleming’s finding was a landmark and led to large scale production of penicillin from the mold Penicillium notatum in the early ’40s. Most surprisingly, the resistance of antibiotic was experienced in the same year. This has so far contributed to 75% of acquired infections that are linked to antibiotic resistance worldwide (Anderson, p. 318). Generally, antibiotic resistance is genetically evolved via mutation in the pathogen genome (a phenomenon referred to as horizontal gene transfer) but it can also occur as a result of the application of an evolutionary strain on a population. This is seen in the microorganisms that mutate to allow their survival and later they pass the genes to their offspring. Consequently, this results in the likelihood of a fully resistant bacteria colony. The bacterium carries or transfers important information in persons by the plasmid method. The bacterium may carry one or several resistance genes, where the latter is known as the multi-resistant process. Another microorganism may also transport genes and this class encompasses antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the introduction of antibiotics, which is specifically a drug, can occur through transformation protocols. This is however useful in instilling effective genes into the microorganism. Recent studies have demonstrated that antibiotic resistance is contributed by how much antibiotic is consumed. For instance, the advancement of methicillin resistance is suggested to occur as a result of the overuse of second and third generation of cephalosporins (the broad-spectrum antibiotics). Other factors that cause this resistance includes; incorrect prescriptions and diagnosis, oral application of antibiotic in livestock among others (Mathew and Liamthong, p. 116). The bacteria cell is simply destroyed by an antibiotic and leads to the non-functionality of a critical process. An antibiotic can render the protein nonfunctional when it binds to its wall. This protein is then used in copying the DNA and making the walls of the cells more effective in the reproduction and growth of bacteria. The DNA of a bacterium may undergo a mutation that codes one or several proteins. The resulting protein is altered as the antibiotic is unable to bind to it and this leads to the survival of the bacteria by mutation. When antibiotic is present in individuals, the reproduction and survival of bacteria are highly enhanced (Purdom, p. 34). In most cases, antibiotics do not cause resistance but it creates an environment that is antibiotic-resistant friendly. Several microorganisms have shown resistance to a number of drugs. A drug-resistant infection occurs as a result of a patient contracting a resistant organism or once the antibiotic drug is introduced into the body. The patient becomes more serious with numerous complications which can lead to death. Antibiotics are key weaponry in the fighting of diseases caused by microorganisms. The penicillin drug first attaches to the walls of the bacteria and destroys it completely. This follows the destruction of the bacteria walls and eventual death. Resistant microbes thwart the binding of penicillin by producing enzymes that disintegrate the antibiotic. Further research demonstrates that ribosomes may also be attacked by erythromycin harboring them from manufacturing protein. The ribosomes of the resistant bacteria are distorted making the drug-wall binding process impossible. In addition, bacteria become resistant to various antibiotics through the ribosomal route. These antibiotics in the market today include tetracycline and streptomycin (Anderson, p. 321). There are three methods of how the gene can confer resistance as discussed in the following paragraphs. The first method is referred to as spontaneous DNA mutation. Here, the DNA in the bacteria undergoes mutation which has been linked to the resistance of most antibiotic drugs (Cesar and Murray, p. 443). Figure 1: Spontaneous DNA mutation The second method is the microbial sex called transformation where a bacterium takes the DNA of another bacterium as shown in figure 2. An example of a disease linked to this transformation is penicillin resistant gonorrhea. Figure 2: Transformation The third way is the most shocking resistance acquired to date. It involves a plasmid (a small circle of DNA) that darts from a different bacterium (shown in figure 3). One plasmid molecule slews number of resistant. In 1968, Shigella diarrhea claimed the lives of over 12,000 people in Guatemala. The disease was caused by the microbe that harbored the plasmid resistances. Figure 3: Plasmid resistance Many scientists have established that antibiotic resistance is inevitable but considerable measures can be undertaken to slow the rate of infection. These have been suggested to improve infection control, to develop novel antibiotics and appropriate medication. In addition, patients often contribute to resistance when they take drugs for a very short time and stop once symptoms improve. This however helps the proliferation of the resistant microorganisms. The patient should be fully assisted when undergoing treatment. Finally, more research should focus on the ways of ‘narrowing the spectrum’ to target only a few bacteria types so that resistance can be restricted. References 1. Anderson, Kevin. “Bacterial resistance to antibiotics.” Creation Research Society Quarterly 41.4 (2005): 318–326. 2. Cesar, A. and Murray, E. “Antibiotic-Resistant Bugs in the 21st Century – A Clinical Super-Challenge”. New England Journal of Medicine 360.5 (2009): 439-443. 3. Mathew, C. and Liamthong, S. “Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated wit food animals: a United States perspective of livestock production”. Foodborne Pathogical Disaster. 4.2 (2007): 115–33. 4. Purdom, G. Is natural selection the same thing as evolution? In the New Answers Book. Arkansas: Master Books, Green Forest, 2006. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
General Motors – Outsourcing HR Research Paper Outsourcing is perhaps one of the most common terms in the HR organs of the companies of the twenty-first century. In its basic sense, outsourcing HR means employing the services of an external agency in the recruitment and selection of candidates on behalf of the internal HR department of an organization. Perhaps a global example is SEEK, an Australian based company that advertises, recruits and places staff on behalf of other companies. Even though General motors does not directly through its top management issue out human resource outsourcing contracts, its human resource department is keen to deploy this strategy to cut on the costs of the department. One would ask why large companies such as General Motors would contemplate outsourcing its human resource duties, yet it can afford to run such a department. According to Patriot HR (2004), this is why small organizations do the same: “cut on costs, increase productivity, and provide a higher level of service to employees” (Para. 1). Concurrently, IBM Global Process Services (2011) “Automate and streamline HR processes and put transactions employees’ fingertips” (Para. 3). Outsourcing may happen both to local companies and even in overseas. For instance, as Patriot HR sheds light, in 2004, “An HRO was handling benefits administration for 1.2 million General Motors employees, retirees, and dependents. General Motors Europe also outsourced human resources functions for personnel in 10 different countries” (2004, Para 1). By outsourcing staff recruitment responsibilities, HR department has many opportunities to focus more on other core strategic activities. People have voiced quite a lot of unscrupulous news across the world about outsourcing. Take for instance the scenario in which “Texas has put IBM on notice where Indiana has sued IBM, which in turn has sued Indiana” (Global services 2011, Para.1). In the core of all these stalemates is the perception of outsourcing contracts going haywire. However, on the other hand, General Motors perhaps has a different story to tell about its human resource outsourcing all together. People Strong, a HR Company based in India, Seven Step, and ACS are perhaps some of the companies that offer recruitment services to General Motors. Talent Management (2012) informs that “Seven Step, a provider of outsourced recruitment services, announced that General Motors (GM) has chosen it as GM’s exclusive recruitment services partner to manage all salaried recruiting and hiring activities in its North American operations”(Para 1). On the other hand, according to HRO Today in 2009, ACS, “a premier provider of business process and information technology solutions, announced the commencement of services under a new human resources servicing contract with General Motors Corporation (GM) as the world’s largest vehicle manufacturer” (2009, Para 1). Under the terms of contract, ACS was to take up non-core HR chores, which was one of the strategies that GM adopted in an attempt to remain competitive by taking advantage of the ACS immense HR capabilities. Additionally, HRO Today reckons that the terms of contract permitted ACS to “provide comprehensive HR services for GM’s European entities in 10 countries, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom” (2009, Para 3). This move immensely satisfies Alexander Cheri, the GM European vice president. In support of the move, HRO Today records him commending that “We are extremely impressed by the level and range of services we will be receiving as part of this agreement with ACS” (2009, Para 8). In this end, it is somewhat evident that GM not only deploys HR outsourcing in the US, but also in every other place where it has established its global presence. With the HR outsourcing, General Motors leaps from the three-T: talent, technology and transformation, model (Stone 2003, p.14: Vosburgh 2003, p.19) of HR management in perhaps all its operational centers across the globe. Other corporations can also profile such excellence on the strategies already put in place by GM in the yet not so old global methodology of cost reduction: HR outsourcing. References Global Services., 2011. IT Outsourcing: market dynamics . Web. HRO Today., 2009. ACS Announces New Human Resources Servicing Contract with General Motors for European Operations . Web. IBM Global Process Services., 2011. Human Resource Outsourcing . Web. Patriot HR. 2004. Who is outsourcing . Web. Stone, A. 2003. The Intranet Boom. Philadelphia Business Journal, 3 (2), pp.17-18. Talent Management., 2012. GM makes seven step excusive recruiting partner . Web. Vosburgh, R., 2003. The state of the human resources profession in 2003: An interview with Dave Ulrich. Human resource planning, 26 (1), pp.18-22. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
In Romania, I had acquaintance with several girls, but there was no special girl. I have no siblings, and will not have any, since both my parents are 55. In Romania, families are generally large, because many children can ensure that the parents are cared for in their old age without being a burden on one child. Besides, many families are either Catholic or Orthodox and birth control beyond abstention is frowned upon or forbidden. My mom is the youngest of five siblings, they are all in Romania: Eugenia (one daughter Carmen, married and has two daughters herself), Michael (60+ bachelor), Marina (one daughter Simona), and John (the eldest, divorced, one son). My dad is the youngest of three: Rodica (65+ single woman), and Voicu (deceased, was married to Tia, they had one boy Cori, they live in Australia). The rules of endogamy and exogamy are very similar to Canada, except that there are also some Muslims and Jews in our country, and Christians, Jews, and Muslims do not intermarry. (Slide page 27) In fact, it is seldom that Catholics and Orthodox intermarry, but that is not so difficult, because there is a similarity in the value system and core beliefs. As I understand it, Even the two types of Jew in our country (Orthodox and Hassidic) do not intermarry, because their lives and customs are so different. While it is also difficult to intermarry between different economic classes, education can bridge that gap, and because of education, the class lines are very weak. As for the rules of marriage to kin, the same rules are applied as in Canada. People do not marry closer than the second cousin. It is taboo for good medical reasons as I understand biology and inheritance. I have never heard of any conflict concerning the marriage of close kin, but there is a very rare occasion that a boy and girl, one Catholic and one Orthodox, fall in love, and this is never easy. Even rarer and potentially devastating is when one is Christian and the other is Muslim. Romania is still not very multicultural any other way, so color lines are neither a barrier nor not, because it just does not happen. Kinship is very important in Romania, and it will be here within our family, provided I marry and have children. Most of our family is still in Romania, so they are far, but still important and we stay in touch with the Internet, telephone, and letters. One uncle is in Australia with my cousin, his son, Cori, and we all stay in touch with them also, but mostly via the Internet. Our society is mostly Patrilineal, though the mother’s name is often carried as a middle name for a male child. (Haviland ch 9 pg 10) Within the family, religion is shared. Catholic families are the loosest, that is, they practice their religion, but it is not a way of life. Orthodox families practice their religion more seriously, and it affects more portions of their lives. The Muslims live their religion. It affects everything they do. For this reason, they generally do not socialize with the Christian community. However, Christians and Muslims attend school together and work together. Some of the tribal societies which are still found in remote places in Romania practice Leverity and/ or Sorority. That is a widow or widower may marry the brother or sister of the dead spouse. It is more often a brother marries the widow, because our society is most concerned with the male line, so the children must be kept within the family and the wife must be cared for. The widow should not be forced to marry outside the family, and would not readily find a husband, since she already has another man’s children. So this system inures care for her and the children. It is most often nomadic and pastoral societies that still do this. Romany families also roam the territories in Romania, and they keep to themselves. Marriages are arranged by the parents, and the father in the family rules the entire extended family. Romany never marry outside their culture. Their children do not go to school, and people do not mix into regular society. The only contact between the two cultures is on a business level, mostly not terribly pleasant contact as Romany lives by a different set of rules. In Canada, our family is far from its roots, and here we are only three, so we have made ties with the community. In modern times, people travel and families become scattered, so we use technology to maintain our ties. However, we also create a new association with the community in order to fulfill the need we have for connection. In Canada, it is possible also to become a helping member of the community and either be a donor or a recipient of help in times of need. We like to participate in this. References Cultural Anthropology, Second Canadian Edition, William A. Haviland et al., Nelson Thomson Learning, 2005. / Lecture Module 6 – Chapter 9. Haviland PowerPoint pg 27. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Services provided by the company are flexible as effectively delivered by air or sea, have a unique network in Australia, and obtain certification and private label ( Services , n.d.). The company’s potential is great; therefore, it is important to introduce it in an international area. The company should find international applications, and services should be offered worldwide. This complicated process requires complete investigation and analysis of the market and possibilities introduced in the food delivery niche. In the next 5 to 10 years, the company should design a strategy to improve and enlarge its production rate. Moreover, it is critical to enhancing local services to create a positive image of the company. Establishing the company at an international level demands communication and cooperation with the local organizations. In building an international network, firstly, PATAZA should identify its area of occupation. Startup Grind recommends starting from the bordering countries, which in Australia is the region of Oceania and South-East Asia ( How to take your company global , n.d.). In the next 5 to 10 years, PATAZA should operate in New Zealand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, and Malaysia. Second, local traditions and preferences should be considered and selected adequately in service and product lists ( How to take your company global , n.d.). Moreover, it is needed to find local experts who will present our interests. Thirdly, each country’s billing and pricing systems should be considered separately ( How to take your company global , n.d.). Only practical and planned analysis of the financial market and possibilities will produce international success. Moreover, it is critical to revise sociological and political factors in the country. Following this step and implementing adaptations to the local demands, services guarantee productive operation in the next decade. References How to take your company global in 7 steps . (n.d.) Startup Grind. Web. Services . Pataza. (n.d.). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Similarities and Differences in Defining and Applying the Concepts of Forms by Platonists and Aristotelians Essay The personalities of Plato and Aristotle are recognized as central to the whole Ancient Greek Philosophy. Despite the fact that Aristotle was one of Plato’s students and spent more than twenty years at his school, some of Aristotelian concepts differ significantly from the Platonist premises. The Aristotelian definitions of forms are based on the Platonist notions but are more realistic not requiring climbing up the divided line. As one of Plato’s students, Aristotle inherited a part of Platonic notions and concepts, along with the teacher’s love for forms, however, modifying and reinterpreting them to some extent. Thus, there are a number of similarities and differences between the Platonist and Aristotelian definitions of the forms. Plato used the notion of a Form mainly for defining the entities and values, including Beauty, Justice, and what is most important the Good. The objective truth is characteristic of these values and is important for reaching the Good and living a good life. The main similarity of the Platonic and Aristotelian forms is in their ability to be the bearers of the objective truth. “The expression ‘the F’ must have been construed as indicating something about the nature of its bearer” (Moravcsik 74). At the same time, the Aristotelian notion of forms differs significantly from his teacher’s concept. The difference between the interpretations of the notion of forms can be viewed within the grammatical framework. Platonic forms correlate with adjectives (beautiful, good) or nouns which define qualities (Beauty, the Good), while Aristotelian forms name ordinary beings and objects (rabbit, tragedy) (Roochnik 161). It is possible to apply the Aristotelian notion of form to species of animal world. Aristotle, for example, used to discuss the form of a rabbit, admitting that it is obviously different from a form of a dog. In this sense, the Aristotelian forms, in contrast to the Platonist theories, do not require climbing up the divided line and have the manifestations in the world of nature. Thus, the Aristotelian contribution to the Platonist theories of forms makes them more realistic and closer to practice, making the practical application of theoretical concepts possible. As opposed to Platonists who insist on climbing the divided line for learning the great truth, Aristotelians are more realistic and place the objects of their interest on earth, often applying their theoretical notions to the world of nature. Instead of turning from this world for the purpose of achieving the purity of forms, as it was proclaimed by Platonists, Aristotelians emphasize the importance of retrieving the objective truth from the outer world by using the human senses and especially vision. The denial from the purity of the forms was a significant step forward in developing the notions of forms and making their practical application possible, instead of leaving the concepts of form in philosophical theories only. Aristotelian causal explanation of the forms was a valuable contribution to the theories of forms (Cooper 123). Thus, discussing the nature of particular forms and their properties, Aristotle touched upon the issue of causal relations between the nature of objects and their characteristics. Thus, making the sensual apprehension of the forms possible and not separating them from the earth life, Aristotelians made their concepts more realistic and closer to life, using the additional opportunities for retrieving the data concerning the forms and analyzing it. The Platonist and Aristotelian notions of forms are similar in endowing the forms with the characteristic of objective truth and differ in a number of significant criteria. Using the vision and other senses for retrieving information from the earth life and applying their notions of forms to the world of nature, Aristotelians make their theories more realistic. Works Cited Cooper, John. Knowledge, Nature, and the Good: Essays on Ancient Philosophy . New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Moravcsik,Julius. Plato and Platonism: Plato’s Conception of Appearance and Reality . Malden: Blackwell Publishers. 2000, Print. Roochnik, David. Retrieving the Ancients: An Introduction to Greek Philosophy . malden:Blackwell Publishing. 2004 Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Clinical Decision Support Integration as a Change Essay Table of Contents 1. Reasons and Outcomes 2. Suggestions 3. Conclusion 4. References The current wave of technological innovations exposed healthcare to the opportunities for change. Although many organizations currently employ electronic health records (EHRs) in their everyday activities, the usefulness of such programs varies from one product to another (“Health IT,” 2018). Thus, hospitals continue to search for better developers and companies that offer reliable and interoperable solutions with a wide range of helpful functions. Recently, a similar change was initiated in my workplace. The hospital at which I work decided to switch from the basic EHR to a more reliable program that included clinical decision support (CDS). Such a transition was not simple to perform, although all nurses and physicians were acquainted with a similar technology. This change had a significant impact on all healthcare professionals and required active participation from both managers and other employees. This assessment aims to analyze the reasons behind this change, its outcomes and discuss recommendations for the process’ possible improvements. Reasons and Outcomes It should be mentioned that the efficiency of EHRs continues to be the center of many debates in healthcare research. While the statistics show that the implementation of EHRs is almost ubiquitous, in actuality, these systems’ usability remains questionable for many professionals (“Health IT,” 2018; O’Brien, Weaver, Hook, & Ivory, 2015; Sousa, Reeder, Bondy, Ozkaynak, & Weiss, 2017). Some organizations find that their programs do not provide them with many benefits, as they lack qualities that may increase the meaningful use of data and support healthcare workers further. In the discussed situation, the hospital’s primary reason for a change in the system was encouraged by the administration’s desire to install a system that would last. The previous EHR, while assisting workers in digitizing data, was limited in capabilities, rendering the gathered information virtually useless aside from its usual functionality. Simply put, nurses were able to input patient information into the program but could not use it for predictions, suggestions, or comparisons (Keenan, 2014). Thus, a new initiative was suggested. The process of implementation was similar to the hospital’s first introduction of EHR. Managers collaborated with the staff and financial officials to install the system, all personnel engaged with the new program were educated, and measurements for the success were chosen. After some time, the project was completed, and the hospital started operating with a new EHR. The change has affected some of my responsibilities because it required me to relearn the methods of information input and analysis. However, it also relieved some burdens because it included more information that could be used for patients’ treatment. The organization did not see a significant change in terms of financial gain, but the implementation was considered successful. Most of the staff was satisfied with the new program, and the limitations and problems caused by the older version were mitigated. Suggestions Overall, the process of the implementation could be considered successful. The collaboration of all workers allowed the transition to be smooth, and many barriers were not as hard to overcome as they were during the system’s first introduction. It is possible that the process was handled better than before because all healthcare professionals understood the benefits of electronic systems and did not oppose innovations (Barrett, 2017). However, some suggestions can still be discussed. For instance, the time frame for the implementation was rather small, giving managers a short period to design a training program. Therefore, some employees who did not have developed computer skills struggled to switch from one system to another. More time should have been allocated to learning. Conclusion The discussed change was initiated because the hospital wanted to have a system that could be used for a long time without losing its value. Thus, the chosen solution was implemented with the help of managers, nurses, and other workers. While the process was declared successful, some professionals still struggle with working in a new system because of their limited computer skills. The focus on education and a longer period for the implementation are the main suggestions that could be given to this organization. References Barrett, A. K. (2017). Electronic health record (EHR) organizational change: Explaining resistance through profession, organizational experience, and EHR communication quality. Health Communication , 33 (4), 496-506. Health IT quick stats . (2018). Web. Keenan, G. M. (2014). Big data in health care: An urgent mandate to change nursing EHRs! Online Journal of Nursing Informatics , 18 (1). Web. O’Brien, A., Weaver, C., Hook, M. L., & Ivory, C. H. (2015). EHR documentation: The hype and the hope for improving nursing satisfaction and quality outcomes. Nursing Administration Quarterly , 39 (4), 333-339. Sousa, K. H., Reeder, B., Bondy, J., Ozkaynak, M., & Weiss, J. (2017). The Colorado Collaborative for Nursing Research: Providing trended nurse-sensitive patient outcome data across entities. Journal of Nursing Administration , 47 (6), 345-349. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Although the country has adopted a federal law aimed at strengthening women’s rights, the situation remains challenging. Although inequality has tended to decrease throughout history, it continues to persist in many forms, including inequalities in women’s political representation and participation and gender gaps in many aspects of life. Jean Franco, in his book, raises the issue of gender prejudice against women in Latin America. The book under study is a re-evaluation of Mexican culture, which asserts gender as an integral part of Latin American literary studies. Jean Franco is a British academic, and literary critic known for her pioneering work in Latin American literature. The critic is currently a Professor Emeritus at Columbia University (Rogers, 2001). Jean Franco’s research and works are extensive and well thought through. She was among the first English-speaking Latinos to write seriously about Latin American literature. She has focused on writing about women and their rights and is a pioneer of Latin American cultural studies. Jean Franco explores the struggle of Mexican women to gain power in relation to aspects of life such as religion, nation, and society. The author also examines the works of women whose works had the opportunity to appear before readers only through famous male writers’ names. In the book, Jean Franco uses a large number of feminisms found in clearly harsh and unpleasant situations. This book provides the basis for a new view of the theory of feminism, as more comprehensive and less ethnocentric. The book “Plotting Women” is a detailed and, at the same time, fascinating study of the introduction of Mexican women in a world dominated by men. The central part of the given texts in the book is a study of the works and lives of writers trying to take an honorable place in the world of men (Franco, 1989). Along with women writers, Franco explores non-traditional genres, such as seventeenth-century nuns’ autobiographies, the art, and the writing of controversial female figures in history. However, despite the use of historical works and materials from the Mexican archives, the book cannot be called historical. The critic does not consider the significant changes in the role of women in the literary and public spheres. At the same time, the author emphasizes the continuity of the problem of the gender gap among women from the seventeenth century to our time. In the work, Franco points out that she is “not trying to write a history of women and writing in Mexico” (Franco, 1989). The author, in turn, refers to the moments when dissident subjects appear in the world of literature and when the struggle for a change of power breaks out. I believe that Franco’s work is valuable because it examines the specifics of Latin American feminism in its relation to the social and religious context. To support the arguments and the point of view expressed, the author uses examples from Latin American history, making the book more exciting and valuable for readers. Franco’s point of view is fascinating when describing religion as the dominant discourse in analyzing the women’s discourse of New Spain in the eighteenth century (Franco, 1989). The critic says that the gender gap appeared because women were excluded from religion because of their emotionality. In his book, the author also asks about the role of mysticism in society under consideration. The existence of this aspect was controversial since the society of that time was dominated by religious discourse. The paper examines whether mysticism was a sublime modality or a religious sentiment that helped women integrate into a religious society. Of particular interest in the book is also the part that describes the outstanding female figures of the twentieth century. Here, the author explores two leading women, Antonieta Rivas Mercado and Frida Kahlo (Franco, 1989). Even today, the names of these women are widely known and cited as examples of people who have made a great contribution to the feminist movement. Despite the very different stories of the two women, Franco sees the close influence of men on the events of their lives. In the case of Mercado, the author sees the reason for her death as an attempt to separate herself from the male world, and Frida, who managed to do this, on the contrary, flourished in terms of artistic life. Jean Franco’s book is a scholarly, original, and provocative work that, however, cannot be called purely historical. In the research, the author considers the importance of the role of women in full-fledged formation in society. This work is of great value, as it may be of significant interest to students who study Mexican culture and its history. Franco’s work is a valuable source, as it provides information about women’s struggle for a place in the world of men since the seventeenth century and helps to understand the essence of the problem in more detail. References Franco, J. (1989). Plotting women: Gender and representation in Mexico . Columbia University Press. Rogers, V.D. (2001). Jean Franco’s Lifetime of Critical Passions. American Quarterly , 53 (3), 511-517. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
BP Company’s Resolusion of Gulf Coast Oil Spill Case Study Aspects of BP’s ethical culture that contributed to the Gulf Coast oil spill disaster There are some ethical and cultural aspects with BP which could contribute to the Gulf Coast oil spill. BP used to pay fines as a result of operating against rules and regulations of handling petroleum products in several countries. The company used drilling designs that were cheaper and easier to implement. The top management of the multinational company did not adopt internationally accepted measures for detecting and preventing oil spills. These aspects could have greatly contributed to the Gulf Coast oil spill. Business ethics requires that businesses adopt recommended measures to prevent disasters that could destroy human and animal lives. If a business has a culture of observing the ethics of conducting its business operations, then it has minimal chances of causing disasters due to faulty operations (Ferrell et al., 2013). Purposeful avoidance of risk management BP did not engage in purposeful avoidance of risks associated with oil spills. Although BP had encountered many oil spills, it did not implement measures that could prevent the occurrence of the Gulf Coast oil spill. It was reported that BP did not use a control shut-off switch which could have prevented the oil spill. BP was also accused of negligence because leakage was noticed a few weeks before the Gulf Coast oil spill, but no action was taken. It was asserted that BP was using inadequate disaster management systems (Ferrell et al., 2013). Future actions to rebuild the reputation and manage the risks associated with offshore drilling activities For BP to avoid risks associated with drilling in the future, it should adopt risk detecting systems within its drilling locations. The systems should be well maintained and monitored. BP should change its culture of negligence, and this will ensure that it would act to minimize the events that could result in loss of lives and property in advance. In conclusion, BP should follow the law to ensure that it conducts legal operations across the world. This would go a long way in ensuring that it does not pay fines as a result of illegal practices. Reference Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2013). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases . (9 th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Google Jumps into Fashion E-Commerce Report The business environment in which companies operate today is always changing, and it is becoming more and more complex. Organizations, both private and public, feel increasing pressures that force them to react quickly to changing conditions and to be innovative in the way they operate. Managers have always directed their focus on information systems (IS) because such investments are deemed to provide real economic value to the business. The decision made by Google to enter fashion e-commerce presumes that there would be high returns in regards to gaining market share and expanding customer experience. This article (Efrati & Morrison, 2010) elicits several IS strategy issues that are common in any business environment. With its newly implemented e-commerce site, Boutiques.com, Google seeks to widen its market base by offering customers new ways of searching and purchasing clothes and accessories. The site incorporates knowledge based systems such as machine learning to recommend products for buyers. This is an interesting IS strategy because the site helps the company to implement its business strategy of becoming an international search engine. It is also cost-effective since marketing through the Internet is cheaper as compared to traditional media such as television and newspapers. The move to implement the website is driven by the need to compete with other companies such as Amazon.com Inc and EBay, thus gaining a competitive advantage. Although Amazon and EBay employ full e-commerce capability in their websites, Google seeks to enter the e-commerce market by first acting as an intermediary between the merchants and buyers. Google has been able to conduct research on the need to establish a fashion website. This has been the major breakthrough in embracing Internet and knowledge based technologies towards achieving its business goals (Efrati & Morrison, 2010). In addition, the organizational strategy of the company is to find new ways of serving customers. IS supports this strategy by enabling the company to direct customers to use their newly implemented website. Through the Internet, the company is able to reach its customers directly because the Internet spans the world. According to Pearlson and Saunders (2009), a proper information system that meets the organizational requirements should be developed or acquired to support a firm’s business process. Google purchased Like.com in August 2010 for almost $100 million with an aim of improving the IT infrastructure of Boutiques.com. Google integrates managers, websites, employees, network, and data in driving its IS strategy. Managers make planning decisions; websites are the systems that link the company with its customers; employees ensure that strategies are followed; networks such as the Internet enable the company to build customer-driven websites; and data about the company and its customers enhance planning and business processes. Information systems do not appear randomly in business, their development is time-consuming and cost-bearing experience that should only be undertaken after careful analysis and consideration of the objectives of an organization. In our article of focus, Google was able to analyze the business environment before acquiring its information system. Moreover, Efrati and Morrison (2010) assert that the system implemented by Google does not incorporate all the functionalities of an e-commerce website. It is the company’s strategy of weighing the responses of customers so as to establish sustainable requirements for developing an e-commerce model. The Internet supports strategic planning because it enables Google to understand customer needs. By creating interactive web pages, the company can be able to obtain customer feedback relevant to specific requirements. The goals of an information system are essential in determining the scope, shape and nature of the organization. It is important for managers to embrace information systems in order to achieve the corporate goal of a business strategy. Since an information system is comprised of hardware, software, people, network, and procedures used by organizations to provide information for decision making, the information requirements of a business is based on the managerial decision that has to concur with managerial levers. Managerial levers that ensure proper implementation of organizational strategy include organizational, control, and cultural variables. Organizational variables encompass things like business processes, informal networks, and decision rights. Control variables include data, performance measurement, and planning. And cultural variables are the values that determine the organizational culture (Pearlson and Saunders, 2009). With regards to Google, the managers are concerned with driving the business processes and making decisions about the new system. Proper planning is also relevant in ensuring that the new site does not succumb to competition from other big e-commerce sites. The company establishes a culture of involving all the interested parties in any decision concerning corporate goals. It is therefore important to note that an information system allows an organization to execute its business strategy. In essence, companies need to have a clear understanding of their long-term and short-term information requirements through the incorporation of appropriate information systems in their business operations. Business strategies ought to determine organizational and information strategies. As seen in the Google case, the company’s business strategy of expanding its search capability determined the way in which it implemented an e-commerce website. The company has been able to focus on customers’ preferences and thus designing a site that makes customer experience fruitful. References Efrati, A. & Morrison, S. (2010). “Google Jumps Into Fashion E-Commerce.” The Wall Street Journal. 18 November 2010. Web. Pearlson, K.E. & Saunders, C.S. (2009). Strategic Management of Information Systems. (4 th ed). New Jersey: Wiley. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The US Trade Policy Term Paper Analysis of the first article The first article states that “Buy American” and trucking issues in NAFTA were actions solely taken by the Obama administration to appease political supporters. This first statement is correct; Obama was not the only factor needed to implement these policies, congress signed and agreed to both of them. Buy American, a provision placed in the stimulus bill would have required that the only US-made goods would be used in projects funded by the stimulus. Congress signed and passed the bill, effectively agreeing with the Buy American provision. The trucking issues in NAFTA refer to an agreement to not allow Mexican truckers to cross the border to deliver goods (Hopkins). This agreement was implemented under the Bush administration but was recently killed in both the house and the senate. The Senate overwhelmingly voted to eliminate the program. The Chinese tire tariff, however, is a completely different issue. Congress did not have a direct connection to the passage of the tariff as it did with the previous programs mentioned. The tariff was recommended by a trade commission panel, and not by congress. After consulting his advisors, Obama agreed to implement the 35 percent tax on imported tires from China. In regards to the statement that “President Obama was merely placating political supporters,” I partially agree. The complaint was brought forth by the United Steelworkers and not the tire industry itself. The United Steelworkers, a union, has certainly provided Obama with ample political support in the past and expects Obama to do the same. In the same regards, however, Obama has vehemently stated in the past (before he was elected) that he would take a strong stance towards trade issues with China, and would enforce tariffs if needed. In this sense, the Obama administration was not trying to appease political supporters, but merely sticking to its’ past promises. Lastly, it must be remembered that the trade panel originally suggested placing a 50 percent tax on Chinese tires (Kornblut). The Obama administration, however, only agreed to 35 percent import tax. In light of this action, it could be said that Obama was trying to somewhat appease opponents of the tariff by agreeing to a lower number. In conclusion, I believe that while the tariff had the effect of appeasing political supporters, it was not the sole intention of the tariff. Obama was simply accomplishing one of the original goals of the administration. Analysis of the second article The second article states that implementing the tariff forced Obama “to decide between supporting the United States’ image as the world’s free trade leader and the future of both the American and global economies”. While it is true that implementing the tariff has most likely hurt relations with China, it has hardly destroyed its’ image as the world’s leading free-trade leader. The United States has several other tariffs in place for many years, and yet we have still managed to have ample opportunities to trade goods with other countries around the world. Additionally, this statement assumes that the economy of both China and the United States hinges on the trade of tires. This statement is laughable at best. Both economies have other means of creating revenue and have a plethora of other goods they will still be able to trade without an import tax. In a world of globalization, some countries, namely China, can have extremely low-cost labor and can buy materials at a low price due to the level of the RMB. This leads to an inherent unbalance in the trading system at hand. Obama was merely trying to rectify this unbalance by placing a tariff on imported tires. As mentioned before, this is not the first time, and will surely not be the last time a tariff is applied to a product that greatly damages the US market. Also, the Obama administration was not deciding to support the American economy but was doing the opposite. By eliminating the imbalance, they hoped to create ‘fair’ free trade. Bibliography Hopkins, Josh. “Is NAFTA a litmus test for Obama trade policy?”. Foreign Policy Association. Web. Kornblut, Anne. “The U.S. to Impose Tariff on Tires From China”. Washington Post. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Visual Screenwriting of Quentin Tarantino Essay Screenwriting has a long history preceding the invention of cinema. It is quite intuitive to say that it has its roots in theatrical screenplays – however, retaining most of the dramatist’ tools and techniques, the industry that now utilizes the craft of a screenwriter demands a higher standard. The elements of the archetypal story never changed, essentially, the plot would always present the audience with a central figure, a protagonist, that the story is about. Usually, not long after that, the main character encounters a problem, then a chain of events unfolds that this problem sparkled – in the end, there is always a resolution, (however, it can take a number of forms). With the rising popularity of cinema in the last century, to say nothing of the number of people engaged in this entertainment enterprise nowadays, watching films or television series, the standard for screenwriting has changed. Cinema proposed a new story-telling device, the one that traditional theatrical play lacked. It is a strong emphasis on visual language, as the cinematography implies full immersion of the audience into the film. Screenwriter, too, has to be concerned with visual storytelling, beside him being a writer, his profession propels him to be a visual one. Tarantino is talented in many fields concerning cinematography. He became a cinephile early on, but it was during the long hours he spent watching classic films that he became brilliant with visual language. His films appear differently to a trained eye: the visual references that he uses are very direct. For example, the references moments from The Warriors (1979) and Band of Outsiders (1964) in Pulp Fiction (1994), Lady Snowblood (1973) and Samurai Fiction (1998) in Kill Bill (2003) (Indiewire). There are countless other instances of this, however, the underlying theme remains – Tarantino’s impeccable visual language repertoire comes from the richness of cinematographic history. Besides being a visionary, Quentin Tarantino is also famous for his great writing skills. Speaking in his own words, his writing style is usually quite spontaneous, with the plot and the characters evolving in the process of writing. Quentin admits that “by the time I actually get to the middle of the story… it’s become something so completely different than what I could have imagined before I started writing” (Kalfrin, 2019). Tarantino is also known for exceeding at writing great dialogue – the way he does it is by promising the audience that something interesting will happen later in the film, thus building anticipation and keeping the viewer’s attention. Tarantino was born in Tennessee in 1963 and moved to California at the age of 4 (Biography). He developed his passion for films early, by the age of 22 being already an experienced, long-time film lover. He landed a job at video rental, where he wrote screenplays for Natural Born Killers and True Romance. While writing scripts for others and editing other writers’ lines of dialogue, he started to excel at screenwriting. His writing skills are most evident in the instances of dialogue – nearly every conversation of his characters implies some kind of conflict, which is a major reason why his films hold the viewer’s attention from start to finish. Leigh Whannell’s films are considered to be “impressive visualizations of New Extreme Gore” (Weissenstein, 2016). It is a collective name for horror films that are not frightening to the viewer per se, but instead utilize imagery that is “troubling, shocking, or excessive” (Weissenstein, 2016). Here unfolds the talent of Whannell as a visual screenwriter. He understands the impact that such imagery can have on the audience and sews it into the fabric of his film, thus making it the most successful film in the New Extreme Gore subgenre. The Saw franchise is hard to watch: Whannell uses bodily violence, with machines so frightening and so powerful, that can make permanent damage to a victim’s body. He understands the close connection and the allusion that the viewer makes when watching such scenes; inevitably, one associates the events on the screen with his own sensations. Leigh Whannell was born in Melbourne, Australia. Just like Tarantino, he developed a passion for storytelling at a very young age. After graduating from Melbourne Institute of Technology’s prestigious Media Arts course, he landed a role in a teen TV Show by the name of Recovery (1996), where he met and interviewed grand film personas like Tim Burton, Russel Crowe, and George Clooney. He was not satisfied with being a show host, but instead was planning to make his own film. With his university friend, James Wan, he wrote his first film – Saw (2004) after 9 months. The film starred Leigh and his long-time creative partner James Wan directed it. The notion that the horror genre is usually weak in terms of plot is not universal, Whannel says “All horror movies are not created equal” (2020). In his recent feature The Invisible Man, the writer-director exemplifies great mastery over the manipulation of the audience. In a recent interview (2020), he said that “Misdirection is important to me. Audiences think they know where the scares are coming from and I like to mess with them.” Reference Indiewire. (2016). Tarantino’s Best Visual Film References… in Three Minutes! [Video]. Youtube. Weissenstein, C. (2016). Negotiating the non-narrative, aesthetic and erotic in new extreme gore. [Master’s thesis, Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University]. Leigh Whannell: Biography. (2020). Internet Movie Database. Web. “ Go Left When The Audience Thinks You’re Going To Go Right” Leigh Whannell Discusses ‘The Invisible Man’. Web. Kalfrin, V. (2019). Timeless Screenwriting Wisdom from Quentin Tarantino. Screencraft, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Innovative Strategic Management in UAE Healthcare Proposal Essay Table of Contents 1. Overview of Project 2. Theory and Hypotheses 3. Research Methodology 4. Analysis of Results and Limitations 5. Contributions and Outlets 6. Citations/References and Exhibits 7. Anticipated Challenges 8. Reference List Overview of Project The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a leading country in the Gulf region in terms of technological development and innovation (Pathrose 2016). Many spheres, such as economy, technology, and science, have already been improved. However, there is one area that has not received sufficient attention and development – healthcare. While this sphere is of utmost importance for all citizens, the government does not pay enough care to its enhancement and does not implement much innovation in it. Research in the sphere of healthcare innovations is crucial because it will answer any questions about the gaps in this sphere and will provide possible solutions to making the situation better. The major investments for a competitive advantage in healthcare are technological innovations (Alsadan et al. 2015). Also, the modernization of educating medical staff is necessary to reach better outcomes (Ibrahim, Al Tatari & Holmboe 2015). The analysis of the issue will be performed at the macrolevel. It is necessary to investigate the problem at the national level since healthcare concerns all people living in the country. The research problem is insufficient attention to healthcare innovations in the UAE and the ways of improving the current situation. The purpose of the study is to investigate the existing innovative methods in the system of healthcare and identify the areas that require more attention. Theory and Hypotheses Innovations in healthcare will be discussed in a macrolevel dimension. The theoretical perspective used for the project will be deductive reasoning. A review of journal articles and secondary literature and a survey of the opinions of UAE citizens are expected to demonstrate the level of innovation in healthcare as well as people’s opinions about the current situation. Research questions will be focused on the following issues: * what innovations have been implemented in healthcare recently? * what reforms are planned by the government to improve the healthcare system? * what do citizens expect from the innovations? The working hypothesis is, “Healthcare system of the UAE is currently not sufficiently strengthened by modern technology and innovative approaches.” Research Methodology In addition to a literature review, an interview (qualitative) and a questionnaire (qualitative) will be developed for use with randomly selected citizens of the UAE. For this study, communication with 50 people aged 22-45 years will be performed to ask them questions about the quality of healthcare in the region. The questionnaire will consist of open-ended and closed-ended questions. Analysis of Results and Limitations Content analysis and descriptive statistics will be used to discuss the results of the research. The results will be introduced in specially developed graphs and tables. The major limitation of the study will probably be a small sample size. Contributions and Outlets Scholars and policymakers may be interested in this project because they will be able to share the results during different managerial meetings devoted to the further development of healthcare in the region. Journals and conferences focused on nursing, medicine, and healthcare will be most appropriate for sharing the research results. Citations/References and Exhibits The study will include references from peer-reviewed scholarly journals and secondary sources such as articles from the internet. Anticipated Challenges The main challenge is to gather enough material for the analysis and convince ordinary people to participate in research. Also, it will be necessary to develop distinct research purposes and explanations to guarantee the potential participants’ privacy and obtain as much information as possible from them. Reference List Alsadan, M, El Metwally, A, Ali, A, Jamal, A, Khalifa, M & Househ, M 2015, ‘Health information technology (HIT) in Arab countries: a systematic review study on HIT progress’, Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 32-49. Ibrahim, H, Al Tatari, H & Holmboe, E 2015, ‘The transition to competency-based pediatric training in the United Arab Emirates’, BMC Medical Education , vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 65-69. Pathrose, EP 2016, ‘UAE’s innovation strategies are game changers’ , Khaleej Times , Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Whether Sport’s Law Subject Exists Essay (Critical Writing) Studies have revealed extensive issues regarding sport’s law and other provisions. From sources, discussions, and other relevant materials, it emerged that sport’s law has varied implications globally. Concurrently, the law considers legal issues, which relate to various aspects of sports. It is necessary to govern sports to grant it some viability. This is also applicable in guarding the dignity of individuals who participate on both professional and amateur games (Anderson, 2010). Upon scrutiny and subsequent studies, it emerged that sports (of any kind), require regulatory provisions that would favor its occurrences and protect the welfares of participants. Additionally, the modern sports have condemned corruption, discrimination, doping, violence, and labor market violations. Sports law endeavor to create a legal implication with regard to the mentioned variables. Sports law hinders varied vices associated with sporting activities. The law ensures that sports community attains some justice regarding fair participation, compensation, and protection of the alleged integrity. Evidently, countries like Australia have established and ratified the aspects of sport’s law to govern their sporting industry. Concurrently, the jurisdictional legislators formulate such laws, which are consequently passed by parliaments as functional acts. Numerous eventualities exist within the field of sports. This is evident before, during, and after games. The mentioned fact has necessitated stringent legislations to govern the entire aspects of sports. Justification for the law to become more active in sports’ matters It is justifiable that sport’s law will become considerably active in sports in order to govern and regulate the crimes and injustices that occur in sports and other related activities. It became evident that numerous sports have adapted novel provisions of sport’s law to aid varied/related issues. It is crucial to observe numerous types of games and the varieties of laws that exist conventionally to regulate their aspects. Anderson (2010) indicates that sports should be free from taxations that might deter their respective preparation and consequential participation. This might hinder the aspects of sports as indicated earlier. From the lessons, consultations, and publications, it emerged that numerous sporting activities have shown interest in enacting and embracing the aspects of sport’s law. This follows its significance and justification within the concerned communities. Evidently, the law is becoming more active in sports following its bountiful benefits and creation of reliable and beneficial sporting activities. Precisely, the law considers the aspects of justice within the sporting industry hence relevant in this context. Legal implications that sport clubs might adopt Similarly, it emerged that sports lawyers must have an elaborated legal expertise in various fields in order to represent their clients effectively. The law observes the aspects of justice within the sport’s industry as mentioned earlier. Individuals (who participate in sports) have varied intentions ranging from attaining income to keeping fit. It is crucial to consider the aspects of the sports law as it emerged later in the course. Sport clubs can adopt different legal implications as demanded in the sport’s law. This depends on the laws that will suite them best. It was evident that when sport clubs adopt the recommended sport regulations, they have the legal implications that can help them venture into the future of sports/games. It is believed that the significance of sports would steer the aspects of legal matters to streamline the sector. Conclusively, there are laws that govern sports and their applications are justifiable. Reference List Anderson, J. (2010). Modern sports law: a textbook for students . Hart, Oxford. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Transforming the Economy to Address Climate Change and Global Resource Competition Proposal Essay America’s challenge is the reduction of greenhouse emissions without increasing spending. The recommendation by the National Academy of Science is to focus national policies towards increasing energy efficiency and conservation efforts to eventually meet an effective social cost (Parker, Blodgett and Yacobucci 2). America is trying to develop economic and environmental policies to reduce carbon emission through economic packages like green house incentives to trade exposed industries. These industries are of concern for they represent over 80% of the country’s energy consumption. Additionally, these companies have unlimited access to global resources like raw materials, talent and capital. There is therefore, need to reshape the manner in which industries race for resources as it affects global business trends. This shift in change will require the pulling of political and financial resources to change business trends that have been linked directly to resource depletion. The problem facing this change strategy is the refusal of western companies to increase energy costs to renewable and nuclear sources. The growing financial disparity is the world has created tension between economic and political systems that shape policy changes. The test to such policies on climate change and global resource competition is the integration of set goals with American economic strategies and traditional energy policies. Primarily the country is driven by an economic principle founded on industrialization which is the main source of greenhouse gases and high energy consumption (Jeanne and Parker 5). These pose a challenge to America as it finds alternative energy sources, energy saving measures, cost efficient production methods and reduction of greenhouse gases. The other challenge America is facing is the creation of effective industrial practices that will set a good example to emerging markets like China and India. Current industrial practices have created a competitive environment where nations are racing to secure energy sources. To achieve a cost effective climate change plan that will still make American economy competitive it proposed that community mobilization is utilized. Community mobilization entails the change of American thought, practices and behaviors that will lead to cost efficient approaches (Parker, Blodgett and Yacobucci 3). An organization that is striving to achieve this goal is 350.org founded by Bill McKibben. The organization is an online based center that builds grassroot movements to solve America’s climate problems. This organization provides a cost effective approach to dealing with climate change and global resource issues through a bottoms up method (Peterson 1). The organization makes use of readily available communication methods like the internet and social mediums to reach a vast number of people. This is cost effective compared to other communication modes since it taps into a wide network comprising of over 10 million users a day. To change the country’s energy consumption practices, the company focuses on transforming the thought patterns of the youth that make up a majority of online users and who are tomorrow’s leaders. Through community mobilization and public action, 350.org aims at reducing emission of greenhouse gases to 350 parts from 392ppm (350.org 1). Community mobilization entails education and imparting of information to increase awareness of the effects and causes of poor climate. As 350.org shows, this education is effective for it trains and organizes the public on best approaches to be used for climate action. Through rallies, seminars and a website the organization teaches on the science behind the 350 principle. The organization also mobilizes the public to gain local and federal recognition of current issues affecting climate change. Current campaign efforts are addressing issues like the stopping of tar sands and a drive against the chamber of congress’ push to have the Supreme Court prevent regulation of carbon emissions (350.org 1). This proves the need for local support for climate change since government and policy makers are not committed to follow the Kyoto protocol or environmental policies (WNA 1). Community mobilization is a cost effective climate change policy approach since it directly addresses the larger public. This approach easily educates the public on simple measures that can be taken to reduce emission of carbon and domestic energy saving techniques like the use of solar power. People are also informed on ways they can sustainably manage waste like reusing recyclable materials. Public action should drive the need for policies that encourage industries to use diversified energy mixes, use efficient technology and locally available energy sources to reduce production cost and attain climate change. The country needs to realize that greater energy efficiency combined with the use of new technologies will reduce greenhouse gases and solve the challenge of competition for global resource. Energy efficiency methods include using energy saving bulbs and reduce domestic energy consumption through solar and wind sources. Individuals can be encouraged to reduce dependence of fossil fuels through taking walks and riding bicycles for short distances, and using bio-fuel engines for their vehicles. Domestic waste can be reduced through the reuse and recycling of solid waste like glass and plastic bottles. Hence Americans can effect changes needed at the grass-root level. Works Cited Jeanne, Grimmett and Parker Larry. “Climate Change: EU and Proposed U.S. Approaches to Carbon Leakage and WTO Implications.” Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, CRS Report R40914, 2010. Parker, Larry, Blodgett John and Yacobucci Brentt. “U.S. Global Climate Change Policy: Evolving views on cost, Competitiveness, and Comprehensiveness.” Congressional Research Service Report for Congress , RL30024,1-15, 2011. Peterson, Perspectives. “Climate Change: International Competition and US policy Responses.” Peterson Institute for International Economics , 2008. U.S. Department of State. “U.S. Climate Action Report 2006.” Washington, DC: Report by U.S department of State , 2007, 381. WNA. “Policy Responses to Climate Change.” World Nuclear Association , 2011. 350.org. “350 science.” 350.org. April, 2011. https://350.org/science/ 26 Oct 2011. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
During the entire novel, various characters are engrossed in an unfulfilled life as they seek for happiness and joy. They attribute their failure to fate where they assume that everything occurs due to fate and their actions are devoid of free will. Indeed, they suppose that making choices in life only signify their role in the fate’s ‘master plan’. When Candide realizes that one can control what they have in pursuit of happiness, he makes the comment to justify the rationale of their sufferance during their odysseys. On the one hand, the characters realize that they only have their lives to control and it becomes apparent that they could attempt to make the best out of it. In consideration of the journeys that the characters embark in search of pieces of a puzzle, they appreciate that the greatest puzzle lies in their souls. This is contrary to their initial belief that they could find the pieces and complete the puzzle. Indeed, they already had their pieces within them. As such, they could only cultivate their garden, which is synonymous to conclusion that they can only control what they have. Candide on the other hand finds out that he could not be happy in Venice since he could not be with Cunegonde – his love. Besides, he learns that materialism could guarantee him neither happiness nor success. Social status could not assure him of contentment. In fact, he did not have control over all these things he yearned. However, when he settles down and concentrates all his efforts in his farm, he achieves happiness. Therefore, the concluding remark he makes is based on his experiences that are depicted in the novel. It is appropriate therefore for him to conclude that everyone ought to cultivate their gardens, which they could control. Works Cited Voltaire. Candide. New York: Penguin Classics, 2005. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Summary of the Issue About Racism Essay Currently, many global problems damage people’s lives. One of these problems is racial discrimination. Racism is a violation of human rights since it is claimed that one race is superior to another in several ways. Unfortunately, this acute problem has existed for quite a long time, and even though people are trying to fight it, it has not yet been completely eradicated. Problem Description In schools in the United States, with the advent of the new president, a critical racial theory began to be taught. This was done to make children learn the history of racial discrimination from a young age. However, former President Donald Trump has an opposite and controversial opinion about the teaching of this subject. In this regard, a document was developed banning its teaching in schools. The essence of this document is that it is necessary to exclude any mention that one race may be higher than another one. The Controversy of the Problem People were divided into two opposing camps: those who believe it is worth paying attention to racism by teaching this subject in schools and those firmly against such training. During the inauguration, Joseph Biden identified the fight against radical racism as one of his policy priorities. Democrats believe that it is impossible to solve a public problem without educating citizens. The current situation may lead to increased mass protests in the United States and other countries. Conclusion In conclusion, racism had existed since the abolition of slavery, when white people began to separate themselves from black people on the streets and in public places. The problem is still relevant today, and a solution has not yet been found. President Joseph Biden faces a complex task that requires an immediate answer, but every step can provoke a new wave of protests and disputes from either side. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Database Normalization and Implementation Essay Tables in the Queensland state soccer carnival database are normalized to the third normal form meaning that they do not exhibit repeating groups, functional dependencies and transitive dependencies. To demonstrate this we consider the tbl_player and tbl_score tables. The tbl_Player table is created to hold information on the players participating in the Queensland state soccer carnival and it comprises of seven fields, namely, Player Number, Full Name, Address, Contact, Age, Medical Notes and Team Number. The Team Number field is a foreign key linking tbl_Player and tbl_Team. In tbl_Player, the primary key is Player Number, which is also the only candidate key since Full Name, Address, Contact, Age, Medical Notes are not guaranteed to be unique. The Player Number field holds a unique number that is assigned to each player who is taking part in the tournament. There will be one player full name, address, contact, age and medical Notes per player number. This means that player number functionally determines every other attribute in tbl_player and therefore, there are no repeating groups and thus the first normal form is met (Mendes, n.d, 1). There is a single simple candidate key (Player Number) and which is also the primary key; therefore, no partial dependencies are possible. Player Full Name or any other field in tbl_Player apart from Player Number cannot be used to functionally determine any other attribute in the table since players can have the same full names, address, contact, age and medical notes and thus the second normal form is met (Mendes, n.d, 1). There are no transitive dependencies between tbl_Player’s non-candidate keys (Full Name, Address, Contact, Age, Medical Notes) and thus the third normal form is met (Mendes, n.d, 1). The tbl_Team table is created to hold information on the teams nominated for the Queensland state soccer carnival and it comprises of two fields, namely, Team Name and Team Colors. The tbl_Team table does not have any foreign key. In tbl_Team, the primary key is Team Name, which is also the only candidate key since Team Colors is not guaranteed to be unique. The Team Name field holds the unique name of each of the teams participating in the tournament. There will be one team colour per team name. This means that team name functionally determines every other attribute in tbl_Team and therefore, there are no repeating groups and thus the first normal form is met (Mendes, n.d, 1). There is a single simple candidate key (Team name) and which is also the primary key; therefore, no partial dependencies exist in the table. Team Colour does not functionally determine any other attribute in the table since there are only two fields in tbl_Team and furthermore, it is not a candidate key field and thus the second normal form is met (Mendes, n.d, 1). No transitive dependencies exist in tbl_Team as there are only two fields in the table and thus the third normal form is met (Mendes, n.d, 1). Implementation report The Queensland state soccer carnival database comprises of a total of nine tables. Junction tables have been included in the Queensland state soccer carnival database to break down many-to-many relationships existing between certain relations. The junction tables are tbl_Match&Team and tbl_Referee&Match that breakdown the many-to-many relationship between tbl_Match and tbl_Team tables and tbl_Referee and tbl_Match tables respectively. In the implementation of the database in MS Access look up lists have been used to make the process of data entry more easy and accurate. Referential integrity has been enforced so that the integrity of the data held by the database is maintained. Also as a measure of improving data integrity in the database, integrity constraints have been enforced varyingly in the database to ensure correct and accurate input of data in it. Queries to the database follow the known structure of SQL queries, that is, starting with the Select clause followed it by the From clause and then by the Where clause then by the Group By clause then by the Having clause and then finally with the Order By clause (Garcia-Molina et al, 2000, 15). Works Cited Garcia_Molina, Hector, Ullman, D. Jeffrey, And Widom, Jennifer. Database System Implementation . Singapore: Addison Wesley Longman, 2000. Print. Mendes Emilia. Normalization Rules: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF. Web. < https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en.html >. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ann Fudge’s Leadership Lessons Essay Where would Ann Fudge be placed in each of the Five Factor Model (FFM) categories? The Five Factor Model (FFM) includes five categories that represent specific traits that can be discussed as typical of leaders. These categories are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While discussing Fudge’s openness to experience, it is possible to state that she can be scored high according to this criterion. The reason is in the fact that Fudge is a broad-minded leader who is interested in receiving new experiences. Thus, she was focused on finding new impressions when she decided to take a break in her career. Furthermore, Fudge became concentrated on a challenge to take the position at Y&R in order to learn and achieve more as a professional. Fudge is also characterized by a medium level of conscientiousness because she can be both well-organized and creative in order to guarantee that her team works effectively. The factor of extraversion is also important to assess a leader’s traits and qualities. Fudge demonstrates a medium level of extraversion as she is a good motivator and a decisive team leader, but she is also a good listener who can make all members of her team and other employees feel comfortable while working with her. Analyzing Fudge’s agreeableness, it is possible to note that she has a rather high score according to this factor. Thus, Fudge is diplomatic and approachable in her communication with employees to develop their creativity. Fudge also demonstrates a low level of neuroticism as she is optimistic, manages conflicts calmly, and tends to create a positive emotional environment in the company. Consider the components of creative intelligence from Table 6.3. Identify the key components that have affected Ann Fudge’s success. It is important to note that Fudge’s success as a leader who has creative intelligence depends on her ability to provide employees with the required autonomy and to draw their attention to achieving long-term strategic goals. In spite of the fact that Fudge avoids performing as a ‘remote’ leader, her control does not limit employees’ creativity. One more key component of Fudge’s creative intelligence is her focus on teamwork. In addition, this leader is also successful in applying the Six Sigma method to increase employees’ creativity. As a result of this woman’s leadership, employees are encouraged to demonstrate their creativity and innovative thinking while being a part of a successful team-oriented to achieving strategic goals. This approach is effective in guaranteeing that employees can realize their potential to help the company become more competitive in the market. Ann Fudge decided to take a sabbatical to focus on her personal life. Based on her experience, what are the benefits of such a break? What might be some drawbacks? Fudge is a leader who is open to experience and who needs innovative ideas to stimulate her creativity and be able to motivate her team. Therefore, she can benefit from a break in professional activities significantly. The reason is that Fudge can find more sources for her inspiration as a leader while focusing on traveling and yoga. Moreover, Fudge demonstrates the abilities of a thinker who pays attention to details and other people’s behaviors. Therefore, she can improve her skills in managing employees while interacting with different people in her daily life. As a result, while accepting a challenge to work at Y&R, Fudge can be viewed as ready to realize her new innovative ideas in order to improve a situation in the company. However, in spite of many advantages that the break has for the development of Fudge’s creativity and leadership style, there are also some drawbacks. A two-year break can be discussed as a very long period in the sphere of business, and Fudge can require a lot of time for improving her skills in order to adapt to new business environments. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Bilingualism in Professional Life Essay The contemporary professional life requires specific attention to additional skills and capabilities that can distinguish an individual from others. Bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages fluently or partially that allows an individual to communicate with native speakers. The apparent advantage of this capability provides a person with an opportunity to work in diverse cultural environments. This paper aims to examine bilingualism in professional life and study evidence regarding the benefits of this cognitive ability. Importance of Bilingualism The importance of bilingualism at the professional level is displayed through the changes in society as a whole and the advantages that are speaking two languages has. According to Walsh (2015), bilingualism was proven to enhance one’s executive functions such as problem-solving, reasoning, and attention. The experiments conducted with bilingual children showcased their enhanced ability to resolve tasks when compared to kids who only spoke one language. Moreover, Walsh (2015) states that this skill improves cognitive skills, resulting in better memory functioning in older aged people. While these elements mainly refer to the personal benefits that bilingualism provides, they can also be applied at work. One can argue that the current environment and innovation enable easy cooperation with people from other states or even continents. Lazar (2018) states that the changes affecting the global economy demand individuals to be able to speak more than one language to communicate. In business, this is especially necessary due to the growing importance of multinational companies. Lazar (2018) argues that in the future, the workforce will be heterogeneous in terms of culture and language due to globalization. Therefore, a bilingual individual can bring more benefits to companies in the modern world. Yi and You (2018) state that “the development of foreign trade in various countries has accelerated the demand for international bilingual business professionals in various countries” (p. 248). According to my personal reality, academic perspective, and professional experience, bilingualism provides many advantages. Individuals who know more than one language can communicate with a culturally diverse population, which expands their knowledge and understanding of the world. Despite the advantages of bilingualism that were discussed above, there are several issues outlined by the recent research. Folke, Ouzia, Bright, De Martino, and Filippi (2016) conclude that bilinguals are unable to assess and evaluate their performance accurately. This issue is connected with the concept of metacognition, which is one’s self-awareness, which appears to be less developed in individuals who speak more than one language. Konnikova (2015) argues that the current research on bilingualism and its advantages provides partial support for the argument of its benefits. Therefore, more large-scale studies are required to determine the validity and importance of this skill in both personal and professional life. However, regardless of the impact of bilingualism on cognitive abilities, metacognition, and resolving tasks, it is evident that speaking a second language provides professional advantages because the person is able to work with individuals from other countries and understand their rationale for actions. Conclusion Overall, this paper defined bilingualism and provided evidence suggesting the importance of it in one’s professional life. Research suggests that this skill contributes to the development of several cognitive functions. Additionally, the changing environment of the professional world requires one to have the ability to communicate with people in different countries. However, the downside of this skill is the lack of self-awareness and substantial evidence supporting the conclusions regarding the positive impact of bilingualism. References Folke, T., Ouzia, J., Bright, P., De Martino, B., & Filippi, R. (2016). A bilingual disadvantage in metacognitive processing. Cognition, 150 , 119-132. Web. Konnikova, M. (2015). Is bilingualism really an advantage? Web. Lazar, M. (2018). The bilingual advantage in the global workplace . Web. Yi, L., & You, Y. (2018). A study on bilingual talents cultivation model of international trade practices from the perspective of production-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation. Paper presented at the 8Th International Conference On Education, Management, Information, And Management Society (EMIM 2018). Web. Walsh, B. (2015). Bilingualism as a life experience. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Generally it is known as a state with a stable economy, a lot of laxity and prosperity. However, the state has a dark enigma lying behind it. Indeed, defining California’s lifestyle can be a diverse topic ranging from adventure to violence. Looking at some of the posters, from my opinion California is portrayed as a state full of fun and adventure. Take for example the poster of American Graffiti ; there seem to be a mood of freedom, happiness and lots of fun. Blowing of a trumpet, while in the middle of such a big crowd, displays freedom of entertainment, and couples relating and cruising all around shows the adventure in mingling with different kinds of persons. The poster of Fast Times at Ridgemont High shows two free young ladies, which might be interpreted to show the carefree life of California. People having fun in all ways they want, with the attitude of “this life is short”. Other posters such as the Black Dahlia, Pulp Fiction and Heat display people with very serious and daring faces. This brings out California as a city with people willing to venture into very risky missions yet with no fear of any consequences. Some of the posters, like There will be blood, Crash and Heat, are very dark showing that they are things taking place in the night. This portrays California as a state with mysteries, adventures, jeopardies and undertakings that are only unleashed in the night. From the posters we also get a reflection of a violent state. To begin with, guns are all over. Looking at the posters, one can conclude that, in California, guns are not a big deal; one can use them wherever and whenever they want. This of course might not be the case. A poster like that of The Maltese Falcon displays a person who is willing to finish another’s life to get what he wants. Take that of the Pulp Fiction , it presents California as state where use of violence is the only way to solve things. The face of the woman on the poster can also be interpreted as saying things can only go her way, with no negotiations or otherwise the pistol does its work. From the California Conquest poster we also get to see that it is not only guns which can be used for defense but also swords. Other titles also like There Will Be Blood bring out the picture of violence in California. The poster of Die Hard also displays a serious cop using a gun against twelve terrorists. This can be an indication of the varsity of criminal activities in California. This draws our attention to the fact that people might be forced to own guns for self defense. In Lethal Weapon poster, we also see two serious men with one holding a gun; again we see violence being exhibited. Judging from the facial expressions we can conclude that it is a city where people are not shaken or scared easily. In my opinion, California appears to be a city where violence and bloodshed are such an easy and small thing to do. The movie posters also display California as state with beautiful and sexy women. Most of the women are also shown to be aware of the beauty they possess and they are not afraid to display it. The poster of Psycho, Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Kalifornia display women who are beautiful and sexy in terms of their body figure. This shows that charm and elegance is a notable feature among California women. Other posters like that of The Black Dahlia, The Maltese Falcon and California Outpost portray class, polish and refinement of the women, judging from their mode of dressing. The poster of The Graduate also shows the beauty of California women is not only in dressing but in their body parts. In California, there seems to be Heroism fight for justice. We have always seen in movies people showing bravery and boldness to defend what is just and fair. From the posters it might be a true characteristic of California. From Heat, The Maltese Falcon and California Conquest, we see features of bravery, fearlessness and fortitude. Men are courageous enough to defend what to their opinion is just and right. The state has also built its own heroes through their nobility towards the state and its people. This is shown from the poster of Die Hard, where we see from the writings on the poster, a cop is fighting twelve terrorists alone. This shows how California has a strong belief that such heroic nature can exist, a cop boldly willing to risk his life to fight for the people. Such as cop of course will be a hero for bringing justice to the state and for displaying such gallantry In conclusion, in my opinion California appears to be a state where freedom is vast. People have freedom to live and enjoy lavish lives and to almost make what seems unreal, real. The subject of violence is also a notable issue. In my opinion fire arms are not a thing to display or use anywhere anyhow. And also murder to me is also not alight issue. Finishing off someone’s life to achieve justice and fairness might also not appear heroic to me. Because there are other ways that justice can be obtained other than through bloodshed. About women, it is true that California women are really beautiful and sexy, but they might reconsider displaying some parts to everyone anyhow. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Measures of Diagnostic Vaginismus Essay Vaginismus is a condition when the vagina is unable to engage in any form of the vagina penetration caused by the muscle response. Historically vaginismus has been considered as a psychosomatic problem. Today, a number of researches provide more detailed analysis of this problem that includes such elements as the clarification of diagnosis, etiological, prognostic peculiarities and measures of vaginismus treatment. The Vaginal Penetration Cognition Questionnaire (VPCQ) (Klaassen and Kuile, 2009) includes 40 items scored on 7-poin scale. Analysis of those items indicated five subscales such as control cognitions, catastrophic and pain cognitions, self-image conditions, positive cognitions and cognitions of the genital incompatibility. This scale demonstrates the differences between women with sexual disorder and without. The women with vaginismus provide the lower level of the penetration control and high level of painful process and negative self-perception. VPCQ can be considered as a perspective measure that should improve the assessment of the sexual pain disorder. Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction – Female (GRISS-F) determinated the sexual pain disorder measures as an instruments with a single or a few items (Rust and Golombok, 1986). The researchers used such instruments as the Sexual Experience Scales and the Intimate Bodily Contact Scales. The questionnaire of the research consisted of 28 items that covers the different sexual dysfunctions. Therefore, the researchers could get the total results of the problems of the sexual functioning, using the concrete answers. According to the article, this score contained 12 subscale groups, including “erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, female anorgasmia, vaginismus, infrequency of sexual contact, sexual noncommunication, male and female dissatisfaction, male and female nonsensuality, and male and female avoidance of sex” (Rust and Golombok, 1986). Thus, the researchers investigated the presence of sexual dysfunction exploring the samples. Kuile, Bulte, Weijenborg, Beekman, Melles, and Onghena (2009) provide the analysis of the treatment process, emphasizing the phobic emergence as a cause of sexual pain disorder. Reframing the treatment of vaginismus as a “vaginal penetration phobia”, the researchers suggest therapist-aided exposure as a basement of treatment of this disease. Their approach of investigation included three 2-hours exposure sessions during one week. This process was self-controlled; therefore the participant provided the vagina penetration experiments by herself. This method is different than other experiments when woman had to follow the instructions of the behavior therapist which motivated her to show the anxiety-provoking penetration stimuli. Besides, the therapist-aided exposure controlled a waiting-list of study (N=50) of patients with lifelong vaginismus. This investigatment provided the following results: after the exposure week, 80% of the participants were able to have intercourse (nine of the ten women), while the women in the waiting-list demonstrated the absolute absence of recovery (Kuile, Bulte, Weijenborg, Beekman, Melles, and Onghena, 2009). However, after 4 weeks of studying the percentage of responders increased to 96%. Considering vaginismus as a phobic disorder the researchers developed the new perspectives of this problem treatment. Such instruments provide more promising statistics comparing with the previous investigations. The answer of this research is that vaginismus is a psychosomatic phobic problem that can be successfully treated. This experimental study contained both independent and dependent variables. The independent variables were caused by the absence of the therapist factors and due to the self-controlled character of the process. The dependent variables contained in the quality of marital relations, age factors and the duration and level of the vaginismus in every particular situation. Reference List Klaassen, M. & Kuile, M. (2009). Development and initial validation of the vaginal penetration cognition questionnaire (VPCQ) in a sample of women with vaginismus and Dyspareunia. Journal of Sex Medicine, 6, 1617 -1627. doi:10.111/j.1743-6109.2009.0127.x Kuile, M. Bulte, I., Weijenborg, P. T. M., Beckman, A., Melles, R. & Onghena, P. (2009). Therapist-aided exposure for women with lifelong vaginismus: a replicated single-case design. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 77 (1), 149-159. Rust, J., & Golombok, S. (1986). The GRISS: A psychometric instrument for the assessment of sexual dysfunction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 15 (2), 157-165. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Tax Lien as a Car Purchasing Hindrance Report (Assessment) A tax lien is a law that is imposed by the federal government of the Unites states of America when one owesur unpaid taxes to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The government and the treasury hold one liable for a tax lien when one has delayed to make tax payments on time. Federal tax liens show the entire world that one owes the IRS money via unpaid taxes and any individual who pulls out one’s report on credits or whoever tries to access information on public records will clearly know of the Lien. Tax liens always have a negative effect on one’s credit score since they show up on public records. A tax lien has the potential of putting off potential lenders and creditors and it damages one’s ability to be lent or credited money and more so it makes it more difficult for one to purchase a car or a home. A public record on a tax lien becomes part of credit reports and it remains so for up to seven years even if full payments have been made. In order to remove the tax lien in the public record, one can file a dispute with the aid of the credit bureaus. The way one can file a dispute for other errors that have been incurred by other credit reports is the same way one can file a complaint. Another way of getting a tax lien released from one’s credit report is by requesting the Credit Bureau to remove it if the IRS has withdrawn it from its records. When the statute of limitation expires, this becomes is a clear indication that the tax lien should not be imposed, and if the lien is not removed on the credit report one should make a call to the Internal Revenue Service. The call is to inform the bureau of the reason as to why one needs the lien dispatched as soon as possible (Loftis 48). In case one is buying a house or a car and the tax lien is a hindrance to the purchasing process the Taxpayer Advocate service should be contacted for immediate action to be taken towards the removal of the lien. Buying a car and a house simultaneously is a little bit complicated. Alternatively, it is recommendable to have both the car and the house if there is adequate liquid capital to purchase them. However, since one wants both the vehicle and the home it is much more advisable to acquire the home first because its cost and other commitments are much lower. Qualifying for a car loan is also very easy unlike qualifying for a house loan. For instance, the analysis of a customer’s credit report is less when he/she is acquiring a vehicle and it is sensible for one to pursue the house purchase first and then follow up with the car. In case the purchase of the car cannot be postponed, one should first analyze and see whether a lender can qualify him/her for a loan then determine whether personally he/she can gather the collateral to cover the purchase price of the desired car. Some lenders require one to pay off some or all the debts they have in order for them to qualify for a home loan therefore lending both for the car and the house will be difficult. Works Cited Loftis, Larry. Profit by Investing in Real Estate Tax Liens: Earn Safe, Secured, and Fixed Returns Every Time , New York, NY: Kaplan Pub, 2007. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Main Risks of Utilitarianism Essay Utilitarianism is the notion that the moral value of an action is determined by its helpfulness in producing pleasure or happiness as perceived among the public. It focuses on pleasure and pain and was developed by the philosopher Bentham Jeremy. Utilitarianism is the thought that an ethical value of an act is determined exclusively by its efficacy in providing happiness or enjoyment as summed amid all conscious beings (Singer 90). It is, therefore, true to say that the ethical value of an act is indomitable by its result. Utilitarianism can be described as the supreme happiness principle. Utility, the best to be capitalized on, has been explained by several people as happiness or contentment, though the first choice utilitarian explains it as a fulfillment of preferences. Thesis Statement: As much as Utilitarianism has its benefits, it also contains inherent risks. In this theory of act utilitarianism, is well stated that, when one is faced with a decision to make, the first thing to consider is the outcome of the potential deeds and, from that decide to perform what is believed to generate the most happiness (Singer 89). However, the theory of rule utilitarianism commences by focusing on prospective rules of the deeds. From these two theories, it is wise to argue out that, if observances to the rule turn out more happiness or else, it is a rule that ethically must be subsequent at all times. Nevertheless, rule utilitarianism is highly criticized for supporting common rules that somehow in some particular situations will clearly decline happiness if pursued. Not allowing to kill an individual may seem a good rule, but it can create self-defense in opposition to malicious attackers very difficult (Singer 45). Rule utilitarian attaches, on the other hand, that there exist common exclusion rules that consent to the breaching of other rules if only such rule breaching increases happiness, a good example being the one for self-defense. However, considering rule utilitarianism there occur a difference between the strictness and absolutism of this meticulous division of utilitarianism (Singer 50). On the other hand, Weak rule utilitarianism posits that, though rules must be framed on earlier examples that are of benefit to the society, it is very possible, under particular situations, to act on what generates utmost happiness and breach that rule (Audi, 2007). Rule utilitarianism must not be mistaken with heuristics through several acts utilitarian has the same opinion that it creates sense to come up with such rules of heuristics to be followed if they happen to be in a condition whose penalty is not easy, expensive, or time utilizing to calculate exactly. If the penalty can be well calculated fairly clearly and with not much doubt, however, the heuristic can be assumed (Hursthouse 67). Most of these utilitarian theories deal with creating the highest amount of superior for the greatest group of persons. Negative utilitarianism demands us to support the least quantity of evil or harm or to avoid the highest amount of pain/suffering for the highest number of people (Hursthouse 78). Several philosophers argued that, this is the most efficient formula, since, they contend, the highest pains are more resulting than the highest goods. Karl popper referred also to an epistemological case where he suggested that – it adds to transparency in the ground of ethics if we invent our strain negatively that is if we demand the abolition of pain rather than the backup of happiness. Works Cited Hursthouse, Ralph. On virtue ethics . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Singer, Peter. The expanding circle: Ethics and sociobiology , New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1999. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Grants Awarded to Combat Nursing Shortage Report Introduction There has been a growing concern about the shortage of nurses in the country. It is estimated that by the year 2020, the United States will be requiring 2.8 million nurses; while the current system can only provide 1.8million by that time. Many suggestions have been put forward to explain this shortage and to offer solutions for the shortage. In this paper, we are going to review three articles that try to define this problem and to offer some solutions for it. Grants awarded to combat nursing shortage This article details the resources being allocated in order to address the issue of shortage of nurses in the hospitals. The resources are in form of grant awarded to the Northwest Health Foundation by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The resources are allocated to cover various sector with the aim of alleviating the chronic shortage of nurses; these areas include; the increase of the number of BSN nurses in new York and Carolina, funding of the immigrant nurses program in san Francisco, training of nurses in gerontology in Tacoma and the financial support of the Clinical Scene Investigator Academy in Kansas. Other projects that would benefit from the grant include a project to bridge the management gap between the nursing schools and the health providers in San Antonio, support of nursing schools in Oregon, Pacific Islands, southwestern Washington and western Texas. The bulk of the grants will therefore go into improving the capacity of the nursing workforce by allowing more nurses to graduate from nursing schools and to facilitate their smooth entry into the job market. It also encourages the immigration of qualified and skilled nurses to the United States to cover the existing gap. Nurse and patient safety This article takes a different view on the causes of nursing shortage in America; the author attributes part of the shortage to the vast amount of time that nurses spend doing work that is not primary patient care; the average nurse spends only about 20 to 30% of the time performing direct patient care; the rest of the time is spent carrying out administrative duties and completing paperwork. This not only make work at the hospital to be very inefficient, but it also puts the patients at risk due to the little time and attention accorded to them. The author also blamed the poor allocation of nursing resources thus increasing the complexity of the work; finally, educational systems that produce nurses that are not prepared for the rapidly changing sector of healthcare provision due to the use of outdated curricula. The author suggest modalities of removing these wastages of time as a method of reducing the shortage of nurses; and increasing the contact between the nurse and the patient for optimum patient safety. The way to achieve this is to directly engage the nurse so that they can come up with their own solutions to the bottleneck they see in the system that is making their work less efficient; the ideas are then vetted and possibly approved. This if followed by the testing of the idea on a small scale; if it works, then it can be applied to the whole hospital. Coalition: Ending nurse shortage is crucial to healthcare reforms There are many issues that are ailing the healthcare sector in the United States, the nursing shortage is jus one of them, but is a major issues. Therefore, in-order to achieve an efficient and successful healthcare program in the country, the author recognizes that reforms are essential. It is in this same spirit that the president of the United States, Barack Obama allocated $500 million to fund training of primary doctors and nurses. A further $300 million will go into funding the National Health Service Corps activities, thus effectively increasing their financial resources two fold. Another prong of attack was also revealed by the Champion nursing coalition whose main aim is to enlighten the public on issues surrounding the shortage of nurses in the American healthcare system. The education will cover issues of quality of services, accessibility and cost implications as pertaining the shortage of nurses. The education of the public will also be accompanied by similar endeavors among the policy makers; this will seek to secure more funding of nursing schools to improve both their capacity and their ability to stay relevant so that they can produce nurses that are competent and able to adapt quickly to the fast changing world of healthcare provision. This article gives a two pronged attack to the shortage of nurses; one of education and lobbying to bring to the forefront the plight of the nursing fraternity in regards to their shortage; and secondly to increase the capacity of nursing schools so as to produce more and better nurses for the future. Conclusion The issue of shortage of nurses is a complex one and there is no silver bullet that will lay it to rest. The only thing that can work is committed and persistent efforts to improve the situation over a long time. This should also incorporate all the stakeholders of the health provisions sector so that at the end of the day, no one will feel left out of the reforms program. References AHA News (2007): Coalition: ending nurse shortage is crucial to healthcare reforms. Pg 7. Mullett S.[Editor] (2008): Grants awarded to combat nursing shortage :RN October 2008;Professional update pg 14. Runy L. A. (Not dated): Optimizing your nursing staff’s time at the bedside is the key to better safety: Nurse and patient safety; Special supplement. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
2021 National Patient Safety Goals Essay The Joint Commission sets and reviews National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) for various healthcare settings, including ambulatory, home care, hospital, laboratory, and nursing centers. The aim of the Infection Prevention Goal is to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in various settings by maintaining and promoting hand hygiene. The NPSGs were first established in 2002, and they are updated periodically to constantly improve hand cleaning practices and reduce the rate of HCAIs. The 2021 NPSGs were reviewed in the 2020 goals, and they became effective in January 2021. The infection prevention goal emphasizes compliance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) or the World Health Organization (WHO) hand cleaning guidelines (Joint Commission, 2020). The two agencies provide a comprehensive framework composed of evidence-based interventions for improving hand hygiene and reducing the risk of HCAIs. The HCAIs prevention standard requires healthcare facilities to conduct a frequent assessment of their compliance with the relevant guidelines through “a comprehensive program that provides a hand hygiene policy, fosters a culture of hand hygiene, monitors compliance, and provides feedback” (Joint Commission, 2020, p. 8). Adherence to these requirements can help enhance hand hygiene practices and reduce the risk of HCAIs. The rationale for this goal is the high incidence and financial burden of HCAIs in healthcare settings. Millions of people get infected when receiving care, treatment, and other health-related services. A survey on HCAIs prevalence in the U.S. clinical facilities established that about 4% of hospitalized patients had acquired an infection (Magill et al., 2018). A report by WHO (2013) indicated that HCAIs cost the American government $6.8 billion annually (as cited in Saleem et al., 2019). Consequently, the high prevalence of HCAIs and the accompanying financial burden make hand hygiene promotion a priority issue that requires more attention. Implementation of hand hygiene programs has led to significant positive results in compliance among healthcare personnel. Cleaning hands regularly using soap, sanitizers, and other disinfectants minimizes the incidence and transmission of HCAIs in different healthcare settings. Scholars and practitioners agree that the hands of nurses, physicians, and other healthcare personnel are the primary mode of spreading pathogenic microorganisms in hospitals (Farhoudi et al., 2016). In this regard, complying with the recommended hand hygiene guidelines can minimize the transmission of infectious agents by hospital personnel to patients, consequently reducing the rate of infections. Empirical evidence shows that hand cleaning promotion is effective in preventing HCAIs. The results of a study conducted in Iran reported: “a significant change in compliance before and after implementation of WHO’s Multimodal HH Improvement Strategy (29.8% and 70.98%, respectively)” (Farhoudi et al., 2016, p. 1). A related survey on Finish nurse’s and doctors’ hygiene practices established a substantial increase in annual hand-hygiene compliance (76.4%-88.5%) between 2013 and 2018 (Ojanperä et al., 2020). The internal audit survey further found a significant decline in the number incidence of HCAIs, falling from 2012 to 1831 (Ojanperä et al., 2020). The results of the investigation showed a drop in the incidence per 1000 patient-days from 14.0 to 11.7. A 13.5-month prospective, randomized cluster controlled trial conducted by Arbogast et al. (2016) reported consistent findings showing a 20% drop in Hygiene-preventable healthcare claims among employees in the intervention group. Therefore, the WHO and CDC guidelines on infection prevention have improved hand hygiene compliance among clinical personnel, consequently reducing the high incidence of HCAIs in healthcare settings. References Arbogast, J. W., Moore-Schiltz, L., Jarvis, W. R., Harpster-Hagen, A., Hughes, J., & Parker, A. (2016). Impact of a comprehensive workplace hand hygiene program on employer healthcare insurance claims and costs, absenteeism, and employee perceptions and practices. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , 58 (6), 231-240. Web. Farhoudi, F., Sanaei Dashti, A., Hoshangi Davani, M., Ghalebi, N., Sajadi, G., & Taghizadeh, R. (2016). Impact of WHO hand hygiene improvement program implementation: A quasi-experimental trial. BioMed Research International , 2016 . Web. Joint Commission. (2020). National patient safety goals effective January 2021 for the hospital program. Web. Magill, S. S., O’Leary, E., Janelle, S. J., Thompson, D. L., Dumyati, G., Nadle, J., Wilson, L. E., Kainer, A., Lynfield, R., Greissman, S., Ray, S.M., Beldavs, Z., Gross, C., Bamberg, W., Sievers, M., Concannon, C., Buhr, N., Warnke, L., Maloney, M., … Edwards, J. R. (2014). Changes in prevalence of healthcare–associated infections in US hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine , 379 (18), 1732-1744. Web. Ojanperä, H., Kanste, O. I., & Syrjala, H. (2020). Hand-hygiene compliance by hospital staff and incidence of health-care-associated infections, Finland. Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 98 (7), 475-483. Web. Saleem, Z., Godman, B., Hassali, M. A., Hashmi, F. K., Azhar, F., & Rehman, I. U. (2019). Point prevalence surveys of health-care-associated infections: A systematic review. Pathogens and Global Health , 113 (4), 191-205. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Acme Firm’s Difficulties in Employees Management Case Study The primary problem at Acme is a lack of effective employee performance, which is caused by the failure of management and leadership to ensure an appropriate working environment. The employees who have complaints that are disregarded by the company are likely to be dissatisfied with their working conditions. It is confirmed by the increasing rate of turnover and problems while recruiting new personnel. Another key problem is that Acme lacks a workplace culture that values employees’ needs and tries to meet them to increase their job satisfaction which directly impacts employee performance. The negative effects of these problems lead to customer complaints about product quality, timeliness, and communication. In their turn, employees are unable to provide quality customer service since they lack resources, motivation, and guidance from management. The recruiting difficulties are another problem that is associated with weak training priorities and paying little attention to employees’ needs and complaints. Therefore, Acme should reconsider its organizational approach to the internal environment, without which the company is likely to encounter further complications with sales and quality. Speaking about what matters most, it should be emphasized that poor employee performance should be addressed to improve sales, customer satisfaction, and recruiting. There is a correlation between employee job satisfaction and their performance since satisfied people have a greater interest in completing their tasks with a higher quality (Priarso, Diatmono, and Mariam, 2019). Transformational leadership can be applied by the company to inspire employees, identify the company culture and values, as well as increase work motivation (Priarso, Diatmono, and Mariam, 2019). In this way, it would be possible to address the reasons for the mentioned problems and make Acme effective again. Reference List Priarso, M. T., Diatmono, P. and Mariam, S. (2019) ‘The effect of transformational leadership style, work motivation, and work environment on employee performance that in mediation by job satisfaction variables in Pt. Gynura Consulindo’, Business and Entrepreneurial Review , 18(2), 165-176. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Main Body 3. Conclusion 4. Bibliography Introduction There is a need that everyone joins the social media community because it is advantageous, and it is where the entire world is headed to. Such a statement comes as a challenge to many people including myself because I have been among those who believe that social media platforms are a waste of time (Ferriter, Ramsden & Sheninger 2011). Secondly, I value privacy and have learned through a few of my friends that social media involves spilling personal data to the public, which is, of course, a security risk. However, my perception has since changed after I realized that social media platforms could be useful learning tools. Therefore, in this work, I will outline how I will utilize my newly-created Personal Learning Network, which connects many learners from across the globe. Main Body Social media platforms are tools that help in augmenting the collaborative and social perspective characters of humans. The same media forms a medium, which helps in the facilitation of social interconnections and the exchange of information. Lastly, social media is an ecology, which enhances a unit of people, their practices, their values as well as their technologies that are useful in a given environmental setting (Richardson & Mancabelli 2011). Having such a perspective enabled me to understand that social media sites could be useful in the creation of space, which fosters connections. The networks exist within the settings of people’s social aspects such as collaborating, moderating, negotiating, debating, making comments, and net meeting. The same media platforms enable reviewing, sending replies, posting as well as blogging, contributing, chatting, e-mailing, and other aspects encompassing social life (Ferriter & Sheninger 2011). I plan to use my PLN networks in asking and answering questions, which will help me in obtaining useful information on things I did not know before because of the existence of disadvantageous aspects such as geographical distances. Such an action will be possible particularly through the use of my new Yahoo answers, Twitter, and LinkedIn accounts. Therefore, it means that I will have a rich network of resources that will transform my learning experience. I will also utilize my Personal Learning Network to collaborate with my classmates on projects that need such aspects especially when we cannot meet because of unavoidable circumstances. In such a way, I will remain resourceful to the rest of the team and make learning an enjoyable experience. I will utilize my Google Docs and Skype accounts for this type of use and hopes to gain from the experience (Willson 2012). I have also opened a SlideShare account that will help me to get feedback relating to my work and also search for inspiration from other people’s work. The experience will make my learning a different and enjoyable undertaking. Conclusion I will invite my classmates, my lecturers, other instructors, and renowned academic professionals to my PLN. My classmates will help me in the collaborative aspect, which is useful for projects. My tutors and the rest of the academic world will provide an element of experienced support on issues that may seem challenging. Therefore, I plan to make my PLN a community of intellectuals out to improve one a Bibliography Ferriter, W, Ramsden, J & Sheninger, E 2011, Communicating and connecting with social media , Bloomington, Solution Tree Press. Richardson, W & Mancabelli, R 2011, Personal learning networks , Bloomington, Solution Tree Press. Willson, 2012, Establishing a personal learning network (PLN) through social media , Ashford, Kent, England. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The “Invisibility” in the novel by Ralph Ellison Essay Invisible Man is the famous novel by the American author Ralph Ellison. The novel represents the integral part of the American literature. Invisible Man plot has a symbolic meaning in its background and the definition of the “invisible” should not be understood in a straightforward way. The novel’s plot does not consist of any fantastic elements. Quite the opposite, it touches upon the real keen social problem of the American society of the XX century. Invisible Man is devoted to the life of Afro-Americans in the United States. However, the author uncovers the problem a little bit differently from the typical literature works and speeches of the activists of that time. The narrator of the novel tells us that he is “invisible”. However, it is not his physical stance. Rather, he feels this way because his existence is ignored by the society. He says that “when they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves, or figments of their imagination — indeed, everything and anything except me” (Ellison n.pag.). The “invisibility” to which he refers is caused by not his actions or behavior but rather by the attitude of people towards him. In his speech introduced in the Prologue, he tells us that he is invisible simply because people refuse to see him (Ellison n.pag.). The race discrimination of the Afro-Americans in the United States had been the urgent problem for decades. However, the authors like Ellison tried to shake people’s minds and to make them “see” the black people. “The bewildered and nameless hero of “Invisible Man” longs desperately to achieve a personal success and to help his people. But his role as a man acted upon more often than acting, as a symbol of doubt, perplexity, betrayal and defeat, robs him of the individual identity of the people who play a part in his life” (Prescott par. 8). In the “battle royal” episode, the example of the attitude of the white Americans to the black Americans can be seen. “Blindfolded, the Negro boys stage a “battle royal,” a free-for-all in which they pummel each other to the drunken shouts of the whites. “Practical jokes,” humiliations, terrors–and then the boy delivers a prepared speech of gratitude to his white benefactors” (Howe par. 2). The force which the white used towards the narrator is explained by the overall madness and blindness of the social minds. The narrator tells us that he fought “automatically” because everyone did (Ellison n.pag.). The “battle royal” episode shows us that the violence provokes further violence. The episode of the meeting of the main character with Mr. Norton represents one of the most important elements of the plot. Mr. Norton is the wealthy Boston citizen and the sponsor of the college. The narrator describes him as “a Bostonian, smoker of cigars, teller of polite Negro stories, shrewd banker, skilled scientist, director, philanthropist, forty years a bearer of the white man’s burden, and for sixty a symbol of the Great Traditions” (Ellison n.pag.). Mr. Norton is “blind” as he cannot see the real side of the life of the Afro-Americans in the United States. Although he spends a lot of money for charity, his good actions do not yet tell about his world outlook. Mr. Norton is the successful well-educated person but he lives in the world the reality of which is far from the reality of the Afro-Americans. That is why he becomes the marionette in this situation. In fact, it becomes obvious that the amounts spent by Mr. Norton only contribute to the further discrimination and exploitation of the blacks. In his talk with the main character of the novel, he tries to explain him his vision. However, it can be hardly done if he lacks the real understanding of the problem. He mentions that the fortune is pleasant but the main character, the “invisible man”, wonders how the fortune can be pleasant if his parents, grandparents and relatives experienced the hard way of life, so, the fortune is painful (Ellison n. pag.). It is not surprising that they misunderstand each other. Mr. Norton belongs to the absolutely different social layer. It is hard for him to realize all the life troubles which the main character and the other blacks suffered. In spite of the fact that Mr. Norton is sincere, he is not able to help because he does not see the actual reality and the main character remains “invisible” to him. In order to summarize all above mentioned, it should be said that Invisible Man is the outstanding work by Ralph Ellison. The metaphor of “invisible” is used by him to reflect the life of the Afro-Americans in the American society of the XX century. In the Prologue, the main character explains what it likes to be the “invisible” as he is seen by people’s eyes but not by their minds. In the first chapter, “the battle royal” shows the attitude of the whites towards the blacks clearly representing the race stratification of the American society. In the following chapter, the character of Mr. Norton is introduced to the readers. Mr. Norton is another example of the person who cannot see the real life of the blacks, though he intends to make his own contribution to the overcoming of the social problems in the United States. Works Cited Ellison, Ralph 1947, The Invisible Man . PDF file. Web. Howe, Irwing 1952, Review of: Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man . Web. Prescott, Oliver, “ Books of the Time ”. The New York Times. 16 April 1952. nytimes.com. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
It is not valid for all performers, but many of them, especially for women. These women grew up in disadvantaged neighborhoods, lived in poverty, and some, like Billie Holiday, were involved in prostitution. They did not want men (in particular, white men) to look down on them, so they defended their positions. Aretha Franklin showed incredible courage and fought for women’s rights (McCarthy, 2018). She left the field of music and creativity and entered the political field, which was very brave for a woman to overcome discrimination (Saex, 2019). In addition, her advocacy extended not only to women but to civil society in the US in general. In my opinion, their music fought against misogynistic ideas, but music, coupled with their lifestyle. These women were wealthy, hardworking, traveled a lot, and gained a lot of life experience as a result. In addition, some of them led a bisexual life, which was at least unusual for the heyday of jazz and blues. They showed in their songs that women could cope on their own with the betrayal of a loved one, survive disappointment, and heal their wounds. The women in their songs were soft and strong, brave, and resourceful in their songs. The music of jazz, blues, and the swing that followed them taught, in general, people, and not just women, to be liberated. Women came to the club and invited men to dance, not being afraid to be ridiculed. The dance moves were sharp and fast. The dance itself may positively affect the psyche of any person, causing them to relax. The example of Beverly Watkins her guitar playing made many women feel that not only men can have musical talents. Women more and more boldly and freely declared themselves in the field of music. Soloists, guitarists, pianists – all of them masterfully handled notes and had an impressive store of knowledge. The example of Bessie Smith shows how a woman can boldly declare herself and her talent when only men play on the stage, and the young singer needs to shine. Modern singers on the crest of popularity meet a lot of approval from the audience. Beyoncé became a cult figure back in the early 2000s; she is the wealthiest singer who earned herself a considerable fortune through her work. Rihanna has also become a symbol of the fight against patriarchy and violence. Being a twin brought her the unconditional love of millions of people, wealth, and opportunities to try herself in other areas: fashion, perfumery, charity, and design. Madonna has long been considered an icon of style, feminine strength, and freedom (Saex, 2019). Women in the modern world manifest themselves in different genres: from hip-hop to rock. The songs of these performers show women that they can enjoy life and live for themselves, first of all. They show that women can challenge society’s demands on them for a long time (Saex, 2019). The woman in these songs is shown as the subject, the initiator (of relationships, parties, trips somewhere); she makes any decisions that can lead to positive and negative consequences. In these songs, a woman becomes a free person who has the right to pleasure (from communication, travel, creativity, favorite job, and money). Now, the woman is not a meek mistress in their songs, she is humble and calm. Women literally rebel (like Beyoncé and Madonna) in these songs against the rules, everyday routine, and boredom (Saex, 2019). A woman no longer waits, does not think about a man, does not dream about him, does not hope. The woman in the songs of these singers acts no matter what happens and no matter what the consequences are. References McCarthy, J. (2018). Four ways Aretha Franklin fought for a better world . Global Citizen. Web. Saex, E. (2019). 20 of the most inspiring women in music . Grimy Goods. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Importance of Topic and Justification for Review 2. Plan of Work 3. Purpose of Review 4. Reference List An organisation’s culture has a significant impact on its performance because of its effects on employee attitudes, efficiency and motivation. Consequently, managers have struggled to strike the right balance between addressing employee concerns and tweaking aspects of the overall corporate culture to yield improved performance (Kalkan et al. , 2020; Garg, Dar and Mishra, 2018). Leadership has been touted as one of the tools for achieving this goal (Snaebjornsson et al. , 2015). This paper is a research proposal to determine the extent that leadership shapes organisational culture to improve productivity. Importance of Topic and Justification for Review The proposed study is worthy of a literature review because organisational culture plays an important role in aligning employee purpose with an organisation’s overall mission and values. Stated differently, organisational culture creates synchrony in the attainment of individual and corporate goals (Staadt, 2015). This alignment of purpose enables members to perform their tasks well by minimizing conflicts with management. Therefore, the proposed research would be useful in improving the relationship between workers and their employers as well as boost productivity. There are sufficient academic materials, such as books, peer-reviewed journals, organisational reports, government publications and credible online sources, to investigate the research issue. Most of these articles independently explain the role of leadership in organizing human resource capabilities and the importance of organizational culture in improving employee productivity and, by extension, that of an organization (Khan et al. , 2020; Saleem, Shenbei and Hanif, 2020). In the proposed study, these two centres of information will be linked to understanding the extent that organizations can use leadership as a tool to reshape their cultures for better performance. Plan of Work The literature review will include an analysis of between 30 and 40 empirical academic materials that focus on leadership and organizational culture. The documents will mostly be peer-reviewed journals and books published within the last five years. They will be obtained from reputable academic databases, such as Google Scholar, Jstor and Sage Publications. Key terms and phrases to be used include “leadership” “organisational culture” and “performance.” Supporting materials will be drawn from credible websites and organisational or corporate reports. These sources of research data will be analysed in a narrative review format where the emphasis will be on appraising the published articles to the extent that they address the research topic, as recommended by Creswell (2015). The first step in conducting the literature review process will be to evaluate the theoretical framework of the study and contextualise the overlapping aspects of leadership and culture in the analytical framework. The second step will involve the use of the mixed methods approach, as the appropriate research design, for collecting data. The technique involves using aspects of quantitative and qualitative reasoning to review research data (Bryman and Bell, 2015; Sherbaum and Shockley, 2015). This stage of the research will be based on the thematic and coding method, which will help the researcher to categorise data according to relevant themes. A code will later be assigned to them to complete iterative review processes. Purpose of Review The findings of the proposed review will be relevant to practitioners, policymakers, management education experts and academicians who are interested in expanding their knowledge regarding leadership and organisational culture (Easterby-Smith, 2015). Indeed, by understanding the extent that leadership plays in shaping organisational culture to improve performance, companies would be better prepared to manage some of the human resource challenges affecting their performance. Reference List Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2015) Business research methods . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Creswell, J. W. (2015) A concise introduction to mixed-method research . London: Sage. Easterby-Smith (2015) Management and business research . London: Sage. Garg, K., Dar, I. A. and Mishra, M. (2018) ‘Job satisfaction and work engagement: a study using private sector bank managers’, Advances in Developing Human Resources , 20(1), pp. 58-71. Kalkan, Ü. et al. (2020) ‘The relationship between school administrators’ leadership styles, school culture, and organizational image’, SAGE Open , 4(1), pp. 1-10. Khan, M. A. et al. (2020) ‘The interplay of leadership styles, innovative work behavior, organizational culture, and organizational citizenship behavior’, SAGE Open , 7(3), pp. 151-163. Saleem, Z., Shenbei, Z. and Hanif, A. M. (2020) ‘Workplace violence and employee engagement: the mediating role of work environment and organizational culture’, SAGE Open , 10(2), pp. 286-291. Sherbaum, C. and Shockley, K. (2015) Analysing quantitative data for business and management students . London: Sage. Snaebjornsson, I. M. et al. (2015) ‘Cross-cultural leadership: expectations on gendered leaders’ behavior’, SAGE Open , 9(1), pp. 67-79. Staadt, J. (2015) ‘The cultural analysis of soft systems methodology and the configuration model of organizational culture’, SAGE Open , 5(2), pp. 221-234. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Conflict Management in Human Services Essay Conflict management in human service is extremely important for leaders to be able to sustain effective and efficient workplace culture. There are five basic types of conflict management styles, including competing, accommodating, compromising, avoiding, and collaborating (McShane, n.d.). According to the self assessment tool provided by the McShane (n.d.) I can equally effectively collaborate and compromise to solve conflicts. This implies that I am relatively flexible in my attempts to solve the problem and I always want to make the opinion of the opposing party count. However, such conflict management style is associated requires much time to solve a problem, which may be unavailable in some situations. Thus, even though my preferred conflict management style is flexible, it remains situational. The strengths and weaknesses of my conflict management style can be better understood using an example. The limitations of the approach can be seen in the situation with Stacey and John described in Hart City Scenario 8. In this scenario, John wanted to give Stacey a present for provision of job finding services, which is prohibited in by the organization’s rules. In this situation, compromising is inappropriate, as one cannot compromise on organizational standards. The only approach I feel like using in the situation is collaboration. If I were to solve the problem, I would ask John to visit the Community Center and have a three-way conversation. I would explain that presents are prohibited; however, if John wanted to express his gratitude, he could make a donation to the organization. I would also allow them to find another solution to the problem. While this approach may minimize the conflict and leave everyone somewhat satisfied, it has a definite flaw, as it is very time-consuming. It would be more efficient to just state that presents are prohibited and inform John personally about this decision. Even though this may have led to client’s and employee’s dissatisfaction, it would be appropriate if there is no time available to solve the problem in a different way. The strengths of my approach, however, can be best observed when analyzing the second case scenario with James and Dan. In the situation, James has recently been promoted to a service coordinator, which caused Dan to start frustrating James in different ways. The only reasonable approach to solve the problem here is to collaborate with participation of the third party, the leader of the organization. It is obvious here that Dan is not mad with James, as he had probably thought that he was a better candidate to become a service coordinator. However, there may be some other subtle reasons for the unprofessional behavior. Therefore, I would act as a mediator in the conversation without trying to overuse my authority. This approach will leave both parties satisfied and ensure effective relationship in the future. Collaboration would be the best approach in the situation even if there was not enough time, as resolving the issue would be crucial for the Community Center’s effectiveness as a unit. Thus, saving time by forcing a solution to solve this issue would not be an appropriate. The analysis provided above demonstrates that my approach to conflict resolution is not always optimal, as I always wish to spend much time on the issue to leave all the parties satisfied. This strategy may become a problem in the situation when the organization has limited time resources and needs to work under pressure. Thus, my primary limitation is the inability to balance between parties’ satisfaction and achieving goals of the organization, which may limit my ability to become a leader. In order to address this limitation, I plan to learn the best practices concerning leading human service organizations to ensure the best outcomes for clients and employees. Reference McShane, S. (n.d.). Conflict management style orientation scale . McGraw Hill. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Political Science Concepts Exploratory Essay Security has always been a matter of concern in the country. It is commonly understood as a state of how someone/something is free from danger and anxiety. Though USA had made a crucial step and was about to regain its strength in terms of defense, Ronald Reagan insisted that much was yet to be achieved for the sake of citizen’s safety. In the year 1985, there were several plane hijacks experienced in different countries such as Columbia, US, Malta and Italy. In political terms, it meant calamity to Reagan’s administration since it failed to maintain security consequently breaking promises. Even though it impacted negatively on the president and his administration, it also created an opportunity to improve security and win the citizen’s trust. The event was an opportunity for opposition leaders to criticize the administration for perceived political gains. As part of Reagan’s introductory address, he mentioned the urge for minimizing expenses on state security. This could be achieved by holding tranquility talks with the Soviet Union. Negotiations carried out aimed at inclusive disarmament of nuclear weapons (Infoplease, 2009). Such an achievement will not only mean security achievements in USA but also to the world. As a matter of certainty from danger of nuclear attacks, Reagan confirmed his approval for research intended to create a security guard capable of destroying a missile before meeting its target. As added by Barrack Obama in his inaugural speech, he remained optimistic on an endless approach in the fight against nuclear weapon. This will make Americans live without threats of insecurity. He further declared combat on terrorists who carry their activities at the expense of people’s life. In light of an awful racist history, Americans were experiencing a transition illustrated by equal opportunities for everyone. This was noted in 2009 when Barrack Obama assumed the role of president. In political terms, it was an opportunity to test whether a black president would offer good leadership in curbing insecurity issues. As a way of surrendering arms, disarmament is the act of eradicating weapons. Reagan’s approach to disarmament was nonviolent and a less expensive one. This is evident in holding peace meetings with the Soviet Union aimed at not only minimizing nuclear weaponry but also completely eliminating them (Infoplease, 2009). According to Jimmy Carter, the world was full with armaments as evident in the emergence of lethal weapons among potential enemies. He argued that the approach that would limit weaponry was to let intelligence and patient prevail when handling such a sensitive matter. In 1977, a concurrence to reduce nuclear armaments was signed between US and Russia. This was an attainment by Jimmy Carter, a situation that gave him an edge over his political opponents. At the expense of his opponents, he won people’s confidence that was a boost to his presidency and government. Defense is the level of fortification put in place against danger. George Bush was exceptionally sensitive to defense matters; he affirmed a strong position that would uphold defense especially against attacks. He insisted on creating a defense with minimal limits. His approach meant more money will be injected on security so as to improve various defense aspects such as military, protection machineries and technology. USA experienced one of the most horrible radical attacks in 2001 that resulted in a different political thinking. It meant that Bush’s government had failed to preserve the country with opposition leaders using the opportunity to criticize and convince the public thus gaining their trust. Reference Infoplease, (2009), world events , Pearson education, Retrieved from: https://www.infoplease.com/year/1977 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Medical Marijuana use for Terminal Colon Cancer Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Marijuana use in antiemetic therapy 2. Marijuana use in management of anorexia 3. Cachexia management 4. Pain management 5. Management of anxiety and depression 6. References In the recent past, there has been growing tolerance and change of attitude towards medical use of marijuana. Legalization of marijuana for medical use in sixteen states in the United States highlights this phenomenon. However, controversies and mistrust among doctors, regulatory bodies and medical researchers on medical use of marijuana persist (Gerber, 2004). The fact that medical researchers have been able to segregate and synthetically produce the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana fuels these controversies (Gerber, 2004). The author of this paper is a colon cancer patient at its terminal stage. The author hopes to use this paper to highlight the uses of marijuana in management of colon cancer at its terminal stage. In particular, the paper will highlight contexts in which marijuana use is more effective than conventional drugs in management of colon cancer. Ultimately, the paper seeks to highlight these issues and contexts of medical marijuana as a platform for advocating for legalization of medical marijuana use in the state of the author. Marijuana use in antiemetic therapy Colon cancer at its terminal stage often causes severe nausea and vomiting. Personalized series of antiemetic therapies help manage this severe nausea and vomiting. This personalization is dependent on a patient’s age, general medical condition and the chemotherapy drugs used. In some instances the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or formerly delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is used as the first choice of antiemetic therapy in management of severe vomiting and nausea (Earleywine, 2002). There are drugs that contain synthetic version of THC, dronabinol, used in antiemetic therapy. However, oral ingestion of such drugs that is the primary mode of ingestion of dronabinol has its own limitations. Severe nausea and vomiting aspects of colon cancer severely limit the effectiveness of oral ingestion of dronabinol. Even in instances where dronabinol is successfully swallowed, the same is vomited before it takes effect (Earleywine, 2002). In this context, smoked marijuana cigarettes or vaporized marijuana is more effective as a means of THC ingestion. Marijuana use in management of anorexia Anorexia or loss of appetite to eat is one of the conditions associated with terminal colon cancer. Effective management of anorexia is of critical importance to the overall management of terminal cancer as well as improving the quality of life in such conditions. Psychoactive chemicals in marijuana are used to manage anorexia effectively. Such psychoactive chemicals generally known as connabinoids have positive effect in the management of anorexia. In this context, the CB 1 cannabinoid receptors in the brain and spinal cord of human body interact with the marijuana cannabinoid (Mack & Joy, 2001). These interactions have diverse effects resulting into improved appetite for food. These interactions act on the brain stimulating increased desire to eat and a psychological feel-good effect associated with eating (Mack & Joy, 2001). The interactions also act on the hypothalamus stomach lining and intestinal lining stimulating a desire to eat. Cachexia management Characteristics of all cancers, colon cancers do produce tumours. The body mechanism reacts by producing cytokines proteins to fight the tumours. However, the cytokines proteins have a negative of body muscle loss and body weight loss resulting into wasting away of the body (Mathre, 1997). Cachexia is the wasting away of the body as result of cytokines protein action on the cancer tumours. Anorexia has been identified as one of the major factor resulting into cachexia. Management of anorexia through the mechanism identified above works a long way in the management of cachexia. Pain management One of the devastating effects of terminal colon cancer is the severe pain experienced. In this context, marijuana use is more effective than conventional medicine based on two aspects. Acute pain often needs a fast pain relieving solution. Synthetic THC often administered through the mouth takes up to an hour to take effect (Jacob, 2009).This contrasts with the few minutes that smoked or vaporized marijuana takes to relive pain (Earleywine, 2002). Identification of the right dosage of synthetic THC needed to relieve the pain without the associated negative side effects has been a problem (Jacob, 2009). Smoked or inhaled marijuana has its own side effects (Earleywine, 2002).However, there are chemicals in marijuana absent in conventional medicines that interact with THC enhancing its pain relieving properties. In this context, marijuana is a better pain reliever (Mack & Joy, 2001). Management of anxiety and depression Cancer patients often undergo great emotional turmoil. In particular, terminal cancer causes anxiety that may result into depression if not checked. Resilience and the will to live is one critical component in winning the psychological battle against cancer. In this context, marijuana is effective as a means of managing anxiety and depression. Smoked marijuana induces a feel good effect and loss of touch with reality. These effects can be used positively to relieve anxiety and depression. References Earleywine, M. (2002). Understanding marijuana: a new look at the scientific evidence. Oxford University press. Gerber, J. (2004). Legalizing marijuana: drug policy reform and prohibition politics . Greenword publishing group. Jacob, J. (2009). Medical uses of marijuana . Trafford publishing. Mack, A & Joy, E. (2001). Marijuana as medicine?: the science beyond controversy . National Academies Press. Mathre, L. (1997). Cannabis in medical practice. McFarland | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Use of Mathematics in Architecture Coursework My topic of interest is architecture, and it can be defined as both art and science. This combination of the two makes it particularly fascinating for me. To design a building and embody its artistic vision, architects need to apply several aspects of mathematics, including geometry. What makes architecture especially remarkable is its effects on people and their lives. Today, it goes beyond merely providing shelter or a place of work. A logical layout within a building can positively impact productivity and even the mood of people working in it, whereas a non-functional space can result in individuals experiencing distress. In many ways, it is the unique implementation of mathematics that affects people who use a structure. There are several aspects of mathematics that are connected with architecture. One of these aspects is geometry, and it can be viewed as the fundamental element of building design. Geometry is a branch of mathematics focused on studying different shapes, angles, and proportions and positions in a given space. According to Bellone et al. (2017), there has always been a link between geometry and architecture. However, if other aspects are applied in engineering and calculations of potential construction issues, geometry is used to ensure the space is both functional and aesthetically pleasing (Bellone et al., 2017). Architects use geometric forms to create visually pleasing spaces within and outside buildings and connect the form with the function (Bellone et al., 2017). Thus, a typical layout of a concert hall is only useful for occasions with many spectators. It is not practical to hold a one-on-one meeting or a medical procedure in such a space. Appreciating geometry and how different shapes can be combined to create new forms can help understand how to make a space functional and why people find certain structures more appealing than others. Furthermore, geometry is applied in the process of designing buildings to ensure their safety and durability. The shapes of the supporting elements in a building play an essential role in how long it can last even in the harshest conditions. There is a specific pattern of different shapes being employed for diverse supporting structures. For example, rectangles are primarily used for foundations, whereas circular forms are utilized for pillars. Making a column or a foundation of a structure in the shape of a triangle is likely to lead to it being unsafe and unstable. Overall, the knowledge of various forms and how they can be combined is used in architecture to guarantee the safety of any construction. Overall, architecture is a fascinating topic, specifically, from the point of view of mathematics and how it can affect the functionality and aesthetic allure of a building. The use of geometry for creating functional spaces is of distinct interest to me. A good design can help boost the productivity of people working or living in that structure and beneficially affect their well-being. I also would like to learn more about the utilization of non-Euclidean geometry in architecture and how it affects the functionality and visual appeal of various spaces. Specifically, it would be interesting to compare the Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries in the design of different constructions and examine whether they have a similar effect on buildings’ functionality and aesthetic appeal. It would also be interesting to compare the shapes used for supporting elements in structures built on principles of the Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries. Reference Bellone, T., Fiermonte, F., & Mussio, L. (2017). The common evolution of geometry and architecture from a geodetic point of view. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences , 42 (5), 623-630. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Rise of Modernism and Revolutionary Theories in Political and Cultural Life Essay The numerous upheavals that emanated during the French revolution gave way to the western civilization. In this case, political and socio-cultural policies were reshaped in the West after the revolution. The multi-faceted uprising gave a new-fangled wave of thinking to Europeans, popularly associated with the idea of modernism. The nineteenth-century revolution challenged the dominant religious views as it distanced itself from the popular Christian foundations, and for that reason, it was named ‘a secularized process’. The reformation brought with it transformation in technological, economic, political and cultural issues. The alteration of these pillars provided a platform for the new way of thinking resulting in emergence of the industrial revolution, which is also named as modernism. After the revolution, Europeans’ normal practices disintegrated and stimulated differential scientific, philosophical and cultural way of life. The political arena was also reshaped, which led to the emergence of new great concepts of thoughts among the literate Europeans. Some of these concepts of thoughts include imageless deities, abstract laws, speculative philosophy, mathematics and theoretical science. The modernism theory may be backtracked to the thirteenth century, but its impact was felt in the nineteenth century. At the time, it is believed that there existed a strong credence in which natural history could be restricted and controlled in a certain way. This theory is said to have formed the theme used in the so-called secularization. The controlled environment gave rise to the mechanical and industrial innovation. Modernism suppressed the previous authoritarian political regimes heightening the political, economic and social concerns. However, another theory traced to a period before the thirteenth century, where modernism is thought to have evolved due to ‘individualism’ was enforced. The theory borrows some concepts on the analysis of naturalistic and scientific philosophy by Aristotle. This meant that individual powers became relevant in reshaping the western systems by emphasizing on individual freedom. The theories above present the central image that the French revolution contributed to the emergence of modernism. There are other theories that postulate modernism as having revolved globally and not only within the French upheaval. This blossomed in the nineteenth century where modernism is seen as a global occurrence. Although this emanated from the Western Europe, it resulted in the worldwide reorganization believed to have brought about the connection between the West and the rest of the world. Consequently, the West is seen to have obtained an upper hand in industrial and technological development, thus, acquiring the economic power. The nineteenth-century theories also consider that economic and technological restructuring occurred due to the surge in the worldwide population growth. This necessitated the free exchange of information, agricultural industrialization and the need to maximize available resources. Historians believe that the commercial exchange in this regime led to competition. This competition widened, which became the spine of the economic, political and cultural growth and change in the period. The sharing and commercial exchange in later periods shifted the single paradigm of competition only to another level, which was constituted by competition and co-operation. The path of modernism attributed to the nineteenth century may have no singular theoretical view, but they all gave a universal overturning of the previous regimes to bring purposeful benefit to man. They all shoved aside divine concepts and brought about significant progress and massive transformation to humanity. Consequently, it shaped political and cultural life in the nineteenth century influenced by competition and co-operation. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Navigating the System For Families Experiencing Homelessness Essay Homelessness is a person’s social status due to the lack of any housing designed and suitable for living. As a social phenomenon, it is caused by a complex of social, economic, civil, and cultural conflicts, as a result of which a part of the population is deprived of living conditions, which are recognized as an integral part of civilized society and social policy in modern states. The problem of existence and increase in the quantity of the homeless population in recent years has become extremely acute. Today, there are about 150 million homeless people in the world, which is 2 percent of the world’s population (Thompson 254). The following reasons for the appearance of this category of people can be identified: alcoholism, drug addiction, loss of housing as a result of apartment fraud, lack of a permanent job and, as a consequence, inability to maintain housing, loss of living space due to imprisonment, conflicts in the family, and serious illnesses. The increase in homelessness in recent years has been the result of a systemic socio-political and economic crisis as well. This category of people needs assistance, which can be provided in the form of cash benefits, necessities, temporary accommodation, free meals, social housing, assistance in social rehabilitation, as well as medical and social counseling (Thompson 257). It is necessary to carry out targeted measures for the social adaptation of the homeless by both governmental and non-governmental bodies. I can help homeless people with their basic needs by providing food, drink, and clothes. If I meet a homeless near my house, in the basement, or the attic, I will not chase that person out into the street. I will give that individual warm clothes, food, and check if he or she needs any medical assistance. If there are warming centers or shelters in the city, I will tell the person that he or she may spend the night there, or give a leaflet with addresses. If a person has a request for restoration of documents, employment, search for relatives, then I will tell him or her about social assistance. Homeless people face many difficulties: they do not have drinking water and food, including hot water, which helps not to freeze. It is especially difficult for them in the cold season, so they need particular help and special attention in winter. Like any other person, I can buy a homeless person some warm food and a glass of hot tea, which does not cause any trouble for me. Besides, I can also help any charity and non-governmental organization nearby that cares for homeless people. In such a way, volunteering just a bit of my time, I may save someone’s life. Work Cited Thompson, Erika L., et al. “Navigating the system for families experiencing homelessness: a community-driven exploration of barriers encountered.” Journal of Children and Poverty, vol. 26, no. 2, 2020, 253-267. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Global Economics. Cultural Sensitivity of the UAE Market Coursework Cultural Sensitivity Analysis The X Development Company, which has its headquarters in Baltimore, Maryland, is a major player in the hospitality and tourism industry. The company specializes in a broad range of products including heritage racing, holiday resorts, hotels, and restaurant ventures. The company has been quite successful locally; within the past two decades, the company has established 8 tourist resorts and 15 well-known hotel brands spread all over the East Coast and employed well over 5,000 employees. The company is planning an expansion to a foreign market. The company’s management appointed a committee to explore opportunities for expansion into the Middle East market ahead of the company’s planned expansion. The committee’s report recommended the United Arab Emirates city of Dubai as a potential investment destination for the company. The culture of the UAE differs from that of America in many ways. Due to these cultural and economic differences, the company must design a marketing strategy for entering this market. Among the cultural differences to be considered include; language differences, socioeconomic differences, and religious differences.. Language Differences Just like in other Middle East nations, Arabic is the major spoken language in UAE. UAE citizens use Arabic as an official language in the workplace, in religious learning, and in business communication ( Dubai Tourism Still on the Rise , 2009). Thus, for company X, whose main clientele comprises English-speaking people, a strategy to overcome the language barrier should involve hiring interpreters and Arabic-speaking customer care personnel to promote communication with the locals. Socioeconomic Differences There are vast socioeconomic differences between UAE and America. The growth of UAE’s cities including Dubai is largely attributed to oil discovery. The gift of oil also transformed the Dubai society from a traditional and conservative to modern and innovative society. Dubai has many multinational corporations due to UAE’s favorable investment conditions, low taxation, and strategic geographical location ( Dubai Tourism Still on the Rise , 2009). The tourism industry is well-developed with 255 hotels including a 7-star hotel. Thus, the company will need to design a strong competitive strategy in terms of pricing and offer a range of products. Religious differences While Christianity is the most dominant religion in America, Islam is the dominant religion in UAE. Most of the UAE’s citizens are Muslims with about 78% of them being Sunni Muslims ( Dubai Tourism Still on the Rise , 2009). Besides religion, Muslims have various religious events in their annual calendar including Ramadan celebrations. Also, UAE, unlike America, is a collectivist society with regard to ownership of property. In the UAE society, because of religion, women have limited rights with regard to ownership of property. Marketing Strategies From the analysis, it is evident that the UAE and America have opposite cultures. The marketing strategy including the product mix (4Ps) must reflect these differences. The following is a proposed product mix for company X for entering the UAE market. The company should focus on the horse racing industry, which is not well-developed in the UAE. A partnership with a Dubai-based construction company to establish a state-of-the-art horse track will be a good way to start. Dubai boasts of the most expensive races in the world, including the $1 million Godolphin Mile race. America’s Baltimore’s Preakness Stakes, which is organized by Pamlico Race Course generates millions of dollars in revenues. Company X can partner with Pamlico to set up a joint venture in Dubai. This can be priced appropriately to target the high-end clientele. While the Preakness Stakes ticket prices range between $275 and $695, tickets for Dubai races sell at $1295 on average. A thoroughbred horse is very costly in Dubai; it sells at an average of $40,000 compared to $20,000 in the US. The Dubai World Cup is estimated to be worth $10 million, with an average ticket price of $1000. Tickets for similar competitions in the US like the Kentucky derby sell at $440 on average. Clearly, horse racing is a lucrative sport in Dubai and the company stands to benefit from this investment. The company’s promotional strategy should involve the use of Arabic language to ensure that the messages reach many people. Advertising of tickets, seeking sponsorships, and television rights should involve traditional media, social media, and key personalities like Sheikh Mohammed who is an influential leader with a great passion for horse racing. In the US, racing events enjoy wide media coverage including radio and all-day television broadcasts in Maryland. Additionally, racing events and fixtures are advertised through prime-time TV to reach a wider audience. Also, tickets are sold online, racing data is made available online and gambling and online poker are allowed as a way of promoting horse racing. Additionally, social media communities involve sportsmen participating in horse racing as a way of promoting the sport among students. Dubai would be a good location for this venture given the city’s thriving hospitality industry. The Dubai world cup attracts the best thoroughbreds from different parts of the world. In the US, the infamous Triple Crown consisting of the Kentucky Derby, the Belmont Stakes, and the Preakness stakes in Maryland are popular annual sporting events. Each Stakes event attracts over 100,000 fans with a record 185,000 fans attending the 2012 Kentucky Derby. Ethical Considerations The main ethical considerations to this venture would relate to advertisements and employment laws. In the US, discrimination of people based on gender or race during employee recruitment is illegal. In contrast, Dubai’s hiring employees from a particular racial or ethnic background, e.g. Lebanese, is a common practice. Most importantly, salaries paid to expatriate workers raise ethical issues; often expatriate workers from the West are paid well than expatriates from Asia or Africa. This would be unethical and illegal in the US. Reference Dubai Tourism Still on the Rise . (2009). Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
However, healing may be complicated because of bleeding disorders and surgical risks. According to Johnston (n.d), the reactive bone healing stage lasts for two to three weeks. This is a very painful and inflaming stage. When healing starts, hematoma, the extravascular blood clot, which forms around the injured site because of the death of blood cells, constricts the flow of blood. Within the fractured area, fibrocartilaginous callus develop and replicate, forming granulation tissue which seals the fractured area (Browner, Jupiter, Levine & Trafton, 2002). That leads to the second reparative stage. At this stage, periosteum replicates and transforms to chondroblasts, which bridge the fracture. The phase takes between four and eight weeks. The tissues formed at this stage grow into fracture callus and form heterogeneous tissues. The remodeling stage comes last and involves the fractured site remodeling itself and correcting deformities a result of the fracture. The stage takes one to several years (Browner, Jupiter, Levine & Trafton, 2002). However, fracture healing can be complicated by a number of factors. One of the factors includes bleeding disorders which are caused by neurovascular injuries. Neurovascular injuries result from severe fractures, which damages the veins and nerves within the injured area. Another complication is caused by surgical disorders. Surgical disorders can be as a result of obesity, smoking, and poor nutrition (Sammarco & Chang, 2002). In conclusion, bone fractures take a few weeks to several years to heal completely. However, there are a number of complications in the healing process that the patient and the doctor need to address. References Browner, B., Jupiter, J., Levine, A. & Trafton, P. (2002) Skeletal Trauma: Fractures, Dislocations, Ligamentous Injuries, 3rd edition. Philadelphia: Saunders Publishers. Johnston, R. (n.d). Problems That Can Occur During Fracture Healing . Web. Sammarco, V. J., & L. Chang. (2002). “Modern Issues in Bone Graft Substitutes and Advances in Bone Tissue Technology.” Foot and Ankle Clinics of North America. 7(1), 19–41. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Schindler’s List” Historical Drama by Spielberg Essay The film, influenced by the novel Schindler’s Ark by Thomas Keneally, sets out with the rehabilitation of Polish Jews from immediate settings to the Krakow ghetto subsequent to the onset of World War II. Oskar Schindler played by Liam Neeson, a failed businessman and a Nazi Party member hailing from the Sudetenland wants to seize this war-time opportunity to earn some profit. Bribing some officials, Schindler gains control of a factory producing military mess kits. Collaborating with Itzhak Stern, played by Ben Kingsley, manages to stay in the good books of the Nazis and acquires the status of “Herr Direktor”. They hire Jews instead of Poles as they cost less. This prevents them from being sent to concentration camps or murdered. Now, Amon Göth, played by Ralph Fiennes, enters with orders to set up concentration camps in Kraków, causing mayhem. Schindler is touched and bribes Göth to exempt his workers. When an order from Berlin requiring Göth to ship the remaining Jews to Auschwitz arrives, Schindler manages to convince Göth to let him relocate his workers to his factory of Zwittau-Brinnlitz, in Moravia, in return for huge bribes. He eventually reaches bankruptcy protecting his workers as the war in Europe draws to an end. But this act gains him the respect and reverence of his employees. The film comes to an end by screening a procession of now-aged Jews, workers in Schindler’s factory, who pay their regards on his grave (Knott, pp. 188-9). A truly touching film with Spielberg’s magical touch portrays ground reality during the war and inspires self-sacrifice and evokes the realization that human life is valued above everything else. Works Cited Knott, P; Analysis of Modern Cinema (Dhaka: Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2005) pp. 188-9 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Why South Korea export lead growth is so successful? Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction South Korea is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and especially in Asia. Today, South Korea is among those countries with a middle-level economy. This significant growth began in the mid 1970s after the realization of the need to create a strong industrial base (Horikane 390). Although various factors have facilitated this trendy growth and success in the general export portfolio, few factors remain critical. Firstly, the eminent and significant political will demonstrated during the early 1970s acted as an impetus in redefining the political scenario capable of harnessing from the then existing potentials. During this momentum, South Korea felt threatened about its political sovereignty and as such, the need for the creation of international relations acted in its favor (Horikane 390). Discussion During the early 1960s, export promotions became the fundamental objective of the Korean government. Subsequently, to improve the quality of international balance of payments, the government mobilized every policy agenda that could boost the nature of its exports. According to Horikane (2005), the government pursued these policy measures with extensive patriotism through the application of orthodox tax system, credit breaks and incentives (309). Relying on these impetuses, the Korean exports received much promotion thus recording phenomenal growth. According to Economic Planning Board (EPB), the country registered an annual export value of about $55 million in 1962 Horikane (2005). Although studies reveal no strict relationship between the Korean exports and the growth of GNP, records indicate that the ever-growing annual export rate of about 23% came with an average annual per capita income of 6.4% during the period of 1965-87 (Krueger 108). The faster growth in the general export in the Asian countries gains from the underlying lack of restrictions that prevailed within the export regimes. This support proved as a formidable strategy in South Korea in which exporters were exempt from export restrictions necessary for the promotion of exports. Therefore, the government interventions implied an outright assurance of the profiting period (Krueger 108). Contrary to the export strategies adopted by South Korea and other Sian countries, countries that exhibited quantitative controls over the importation with slow potential growth lagged behind in terms of the value of their exports and the resultant growth in the Gross National product (GNP). Increased GNP is an assurance for the increase in the overall per capita income since GNP is a function of Per Capita Income. As GNP increases, while assuming constancy or slow growth in population, the resultant per capita income continues to grow significantly. This scenario explains why South Korea has registered a successful growth in its export portfolios on an international scale (Westpha 41). For a successful production process, skilled labor must be present in order to yield possible results. During this growth, South Korea benefited from the existing and skilled labor force, which necessitated the growth of domestic production to serve the expanded foreign export markets (Krueger 109). Conclusion Although the strategies adopted had no express capacity to fuel continued export growth, it is worth noting that the base created by this momentum modeled a self-fulfilling trend. In this case, any policy that could sabotage the growth of exports had little or no influence based on the strengths gained from the initial phases. In essence, the political will coupled with proper harmonization of economic and human resources may account for the phenomenal growth experienced by South Korea as demonstrated by its growth in GNP and annual per capita income. Works Cited Horikane, Yumi. “ The Political Economy of Heavy Industrialization: The Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) Push in South Korea in the 1970s.” Modern Asian Studies 39.2 (2005): 369–397. Krueger, Anne. “Asian Trade and Growth Lessons.” The American Economic Review 80.2 (1990): 108-112. Westpha, Larry E. “Industrial Policy in an Export- Propelled Economy: Lessons from South Korea’s Experience”. The Journal of Economic Perspective 4.3 (1990): 41-59. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Car2go Company’s Distribution Management Research Paper Bargaining Power Of Suppliers Car2go is a subsidiary of the Daimler AG. As such, Daimler happens to be the sole supplier of Car2go in its areas of operations. Nevertheless, we will have to consider the elements of time and cost that will be used in the project. Since Car2go already has an established system of supply from the mother manufacturer of the smart cars which get to supply internationally in countries and regions such as U.S.A, U.K, Canada, Germany, France, Austria, Netherlands; the company will still make use of the same supply distribution for the purposes of cost and time efficicacy. However, there are instances that there may be complications like delays by the suppliers or even jurisdictional restriction by traffic laws thus limiting some transportations (Watanabe, internationaltransportforum.org ). In times like this, Daimler will subcontract other suppliers so that the company is able to duly serve its new customers at Osaka, Japan. In this regard, Car2go will have to add some suppliers for their Japanese market so that it is not affected by any market fluctuations. However, such a change will occur when the need arises. Distribution Management and Logistics Distribution management and logistics refer to the movement and transportation, warehousing, and branding of products (Kapoor 101). In logistics, there is the need to analyse the transportation costs that may be involved as well as the delivery options so as to point out the required changes that have to be reached at ( Berken 23).The operations on a daily basis for Car2go will have to be perfectly and routinely managed. Car2go has an uphill task of redesigning its smart cars to be left hand driven compared to European market right hand driven smart cars. In this case, Car2go will procure smart cars from Daimler that fit the bill mentioned above. This has some cost implications but however necessary to comply with the Japanese legal frameworks. To avoid supplying more than required smart cars, the company will periodically conduct the demand forecasting in the market to ascertain the approximate number of cars that the company will have to procure for its Japanese market. Car2go should have a warehouse that will house its cars in one place. The ware house will also serve as an area where the cars will periodically undergo servicing or replacements for any spoilt parts. For the purposes of cost minimisation, the company feels that instead of having many hotspots within the town like in Ulm, Germany, that may require monthly rental payments for the company, it will be prudent for the company to find a central warehouse within Osaka’s Central Business district that should serve as the nervous centre. This will also serve as the regional headquarters housing the regional organisational offices, the garages, and the parking spaces for the cars awaiting orders from the clients. This will ease the task for clients identifying where Car2go is based since it will be a single place that can be easily found in Osaka. The issue of order processing appears to be a daunting task that Daimler should carefully undertake. This is aimed at avoiding instances of double booking or having many orders at one time than the available smart cars. For this purpose, all the cars will have special numbers. Once one is booked, it is marked as taken and the next available free number put up for the next booking. However, if the forecasts show that the clientele size has grown, then the company will have to increase the number of its fleet to sere the market and not risk the danger of client substitution for other players in the industry. The company endeavours to offer the best customer service in the market. Daimler’s vision is to offer excellent service to its customers in all its regional operations; thus, Car2go will have to maintain the same in Japan. Car2go will have support services for its clients. Customers will be able to communicate to the support staff by phone calls or through internet chat services that will be operational on a 24 hour service. For this purpose, the company will have a number issued for such services as well as the company website where customers can ask questions through chat concerning the company’s services. We owe this thanks to the growth of smart phone technology and computer technology in the Japanese market. Bran name and image is a central factor that builds customer loyalty (Scott, degreedirectory.org ). The company will brand all its cars in a manner that will maintain the prestige of both the company as well as the clients. The intention is to build the image of Car2go as prestige services that all the clients will feel honoured to associate with. In addition, the company finds it as a matter of importance to control its fleet using the latest tracking technology to monitor the movement of its fleet. This means that all the vehicles will be fitted with tracking devices that will help the management monitor each car. Works Cited Berken, Peters . Knowing when Logistics is good for you . London, Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. Kapoor, Satish. Basics of Distribution management: A Logistical Approach . New York: Irwin, 2006. Print. Scott, Philip. Logistics and Distribution Management. degreedirectory.org. n.d. Web. June 2012. Watanabe, Ryo. Overview of the Public Transport System and Policy in Japan. internationaltransportforum.org. March 2005. Web. June 2012. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
This essay discusses the criminal justice laws of the United States on the hiring of ex-convicts and whether felons should exercise their civil rights of voting or not. In the PBS NewsHour video, William Brangham discusses the Ban-the-Box law, stating that employers should not ask potential applicants about their criminal history before hiring. The law argues that ex-convicts receive unfair treatment when applying for jobs regardless of their qualifications or the nature of the criminal offense. In conclusion, commentators agree on the scraping of the criminal record box but suggest that particular jobs will still require a criminal background check, especially in private organizations and small enterprises. On the other hand, BEME news discusses the rights of felons to vote while in detention and after serving their term. Some states allow ex-convicts to vote while the majority are still reluctant to give ex-felons this right. While history indicates that denying felons the right to vote is a form of punishment termed ‘civil death,’ some activists argue that the whole concept is racial and political. Most felons are African-Americans who support the democrats’ political party. Therefore, the republicans may be afraid of allowing them to vote, which will change the political arrangement. I think the Ban-the-Box law is the best way of creating employment opportunities for ex-convicts without discrimination. Criminal offenses vary in the degree of the crime, making it unfair to treat all ex-convicts the same. Moreover, some felons learn from their mistakes during detention and parole, creating a better and law-abiding citizen with the ability to work faithfully. This law also gives employers a chance to assess the skills and qualifications of ex-convicts before denying them an employment opportunity ensuring the best talents are not wasted because of a criminal record (Leacock, 2018). Alternatively, emphasis should be put on the degree of the criminal offense and the type of job opportunity in question. Regarding the voting of ex-convicts, I believe all citizens have the right to democracy which entails the civil right to vote. Civil laws regarding the rights of ex-convicts to vote should change with the changing times, which must disregard the ancient regulations like civil death laws. This is because all voices count, especially in the current multi-party system in most governments. Reference Leacock, S. (2018). To actually give a fair chance: “Ban the Box” laws and the “rational relationship” standard. American University Business Law Review, 7 (3), 383-406. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
American and French Historical Declarations Essay The declaration of independence in the US is the greatest historic achievement for the Americans. The decision was reached at in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on July 4, 1776, when 13 American colonies were declared independent from the British colonialists. The Declaration of Independence was done through a written document that contained theories from the works of world’s most influential philosophers such as John Locke (Spielvogel 478). Thomas Jefferson was the leading person in the declaration of independence, and he cites John Locke as an influential individual in the establishment of the American politics as well as independence from the British colonists. The declaration of independence is supported by the written document that as made on July 4, 1776. Even though the Americans have had issues with the dates aligned to signatories, it is official that July 4 is the US Independence Day. On the other hand, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in France is a fundamental historical milestone in the French political history. The document was passed on August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly, and it is cited as the greatest achievement of the French Revolution in the history of human and civil rights (Spielvogel 580). Interestingly, Thomas Jefferson played a major role in the establishment of the Declaration. He cited the works of greatest philosophers such as John Locke in the development of that document. Hence, these two documents have some similarities attributed to their development and purpose whereby they played a major role in the development of the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Moreover, the two declarations were developed in the same period even through France was already an independent nation. Works Cited Spielvogel, Jackson. Western Civilization: 1300 to 1815 , Boston: Wadsworth Publishing, 2008. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Advice on employment issues Expository Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Employment issues in Europe 3. Issues of diversity 4. Issues of sexual harassment 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction The modern day work environment is faced by numerous challenges that emanate from different quarters both internal and external. Internal factors such as organizational culture, structure and so on present challenges that the management ought to address extensively so as to ensure the company remains on course to achieving its goals and objectives. External factors such as legal and others such as technological compel the management of organizations to work round the clock to ensure the organization fits into the presented environment and remain on course (Tan & Nasurdin, 2011). This paper discusses some tips that the modern day management ought to adopt in order to address the employment issues such as sexual harassment, employment issues, and diversity that may cost the company costly lawsuits. Employment issues in Europe It is a regulation in Europe that any person who gets a job in Europe to be recruited at the same employment conditions as the nationals of that particular country. This means that an individual looking for a job is not required to meet any extra conditions in form of qualification that the natives of a particular country do not have in order to secure an employment. This means that a qualification attained in a particular country in Europe is equal and accepted in any other country in Europe. Employers should therefore be aware of this recognition of qualification. This will go a long way in ensuring that the potential employees do not result into a lawsuit due to the inability to secure a job. When a potential employee is denied an opportunity to work in a particular company in Europe due to specific qualifications, the company may bear a bad image in the public if the reason for denying the job is lack of a qualification on the part of the employee who is has equal qualifications from another country. This can also lead to a lawsuit that may cost the company a huge sum of money in terms of legal fees and potential damages rewarded should the lawsuit succeed. Issues of diversity This has become a huge concern among many organizations over the recent past. The emergence and growth in globalization has enabled individuals from different walks of life to seek and get a job anywhere in the world (Lusser, 2010). This has come with myriad of challenges that the management need to address. One of the issues that come up with the diversity is the racism. The globalization means that people will come from other continents to look for jobs in Europe and this presents the issue of racial discrimination. The management should therefore be able to know that any person from a anywhere can get a job in Europe without undergoing any form of discrimination. Racial discrimination may be detrimental to the company since if exposed, it may cause a bad public image to the company and possible financial loss through costly lawsuits. Issues of sexual harassment Sexual harassment is defined as the sexual behaviors which are unwanted, unwelcome and unasked for. It is the a very common phenomenon in the modern day workplace. It is a form of power display that is meant to degrade other genders. It can also be practiced between people of the same gender. Sexual harassment takes the form of verbal, non-verbal or physical. physical harassment touching, pinching and so on. Verbal harassment entails making comments which are homophobic, or requesting for sexual favor. Non verbal may entail sexually suggestive gestures and so on. Of all the employment issues, sexual harassment is the most costly of the other issues. This is because of the legislations that have been enacted over the past two decades putting strict punitive measures on culprits of sexual harassment. Companies have incurred huge financial losses as legal settlements from sexual harassment lawsuits. It has become paramount for all managers to address this issues on all possible fronts. One of the ways of tackling the sexual harassment problem by organizations is introducing what is referred to as consensual relationship agreement. This requires employees who are involved in relationship with each other in the same organization to declare that they are involved in such a relationship and make it formal with the management. In doing this, an employee who has signed a consensual relationship agreement cannot file a sexual harassment complaint from the person he or she has declared that they are in a relationship. This can be used as a defense in a court of law. The other way that an organization can cushion itself from sexual harassment related litigations is through coming up with a sexual harassment policy within the organization that govern the manner in which employees should interact amongst themselves. The policy should clearly spell out what sexual harassment is and train the employees on the same. It should also indicate the procedures that should be followed when launching a complaint in case of any. Conclusion In doing all of the tips discussed above, an organization is able to avert many dangers that may arise from employment issues, diversity and sexual harassment. This not only saves the company the potential financial loss but also help providing a conducive environment for employees to work in. References Lusser, R. N. (2010). Leasership: Theory, application, and skill dvelopment. Sydney: Cengage Learning. Tan, C. L., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2011). Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Innovation: Assessing the Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Effectiveness. Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management , 1. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Breastfeeding Practices Essay Causes for Differences in Breastfeeding Practices among Australian and Iranian Women The results of National Health Survey in Australia conducted in the year 2001 showed that only 87% of babies discharged from the hospital were breastfed and only 54% of all infants of three months age were breastfed by the Australian mothers. However, statistics out of the survey indicate that none of the babies at the age of six months was breastfed. This situation is different from the country of Iran where 98% of the mothers start breastfeeding immediately after delivering and 67.1% of the mothers breastfeed their babies at the age of 3 months. At the age of six months, 56 percent of the babies were breastfed (ABS, 2003). There are reasons behind this variation in the percentage of babies getting breastfed in the countries of Australia and Iran. The cultural differences between Australia and Iran play a major role in this respect. Breastfeeding is the norm of infant feeding in Iran and the Muslim religious belief also encourage breastfeeding (Hunt, 2006). In Iran, there is a strong support to the practice of breastfeeding by the mass media including television, which promotes the practice of breastfeeding. Greater visibility and prevalence of breastfeeding practices among women also increases the breastfeeding duration. In Iran four months of paid monetary leave is provided to all working-women. In Australia, there are no legal provisions providing for maternity leave, which forces the mothers to return to work as soon as possible after delivery and this impedes their breastfeeding practices. Thus “Iran’s Government-sponsored national breastfeeding promotion program, a culture of breastfeeding in Iran, differences in Health Services delivery, including the uptake of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative, more rapid return to paid work, and religious and cultural issues” (Zaraeai, O’Brien, & Fallon, 2007) are some of the factors, which make the Iranian women adopting to higher duration of breastfeeding practices. Strategies for Improving Breastfeeding Practices Strategies, which have been employed in Iran to popularize breastfeeding, may also work well Australia. These include establishing national policies supporting breastfeeding practices, providing adequate, mandated maternity leave provisions that reflect the importance of the practices of breastfeeding and the introduction of adequate provisions in the work place that will facilitate the women return to paid work and at the same time maintain breastfeeding. Providing free antenatal classes to all pregnant women on the value and importance of breastfeeding the infants would be another strategy to increase the awareness among the women to encourage the breastfeeding practices. In Iran, the extension of the existing strategies of government support to the breastfeeding women would enhance the breastfeeding practices. In addition, interactive education classes conducted for educating women would also be of benefit to the women to encourage the practice of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding in the Context of United States The situation in the United States with respect to breastfeeding practices is not different from that in Australia. Rates for breastfeeding through age of 3 months and 6 months among infants born during the year 2004 were estimated at 30.5% and 11.3%, which are much lower as compared to the rates found in the context of Iran. Therefore, the findings of the study appear to be relevant even for the breastfeeding practices by American women. In the year 2007, Healthy People 2010 has fixed the objectives of the breastfeeding to reach the rates of 60% at the age of 3 months for the babies and 25% until the age of 6 months (Center for Disease Prevention, 2007). Since the rates have not been reached, the initiatives bring followed in Iran with respect to the breastfeeding by Iran government and healthcare institutions would encourage breastfeeding among American women. References ABS. (2003). Australian Bureau of Statistics, report on breastfeeding in Australia, 17 . Web. Centerfordiseaseprevention. (2007). Breastfeeding Trends and Updated National Health Objectives for Exclusive Breastfeeding — United States, Birth Years 2000–2004. MMWR Weekly , 56 (30), 760-763. Hunt, F. (2006). Breastfeeding and Society. Pediatric Nursing , 18 (8), 24-26. Zaraeai, M., O’Brien, M. L., & Fallon, A. B. (2007). Creating a Breastfeeding Culture: A Comparison of Breastfeeding . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Some Facts About Breastfeeding Essay During raising a child, breastfeeding is one of the most crucial processes that mothers remember for years because it unites them with their children, probably, more than anything else. Moreover, mothers who breastfeed have some long- and short-term health benefits. For example, “such mothers have decreased postpartum blood loss and more rapid involution of the uterus” (“Breastfeeding”, p. 831). Their chances of the development of postpartum depression, child abuse and neglect, and rheumatoid arthritis reduce significantly, and such mothers return to their pre-pregnancy weight easier and faster than those who do not breastfeed. According to researches, breastfeeding duration is “associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus; for each year of breastfeeding, there was a decreased risk of 4% to 12%” (“Breastfeeding”, p. 831). Women who have a cumulative lactation history of twelve to twenty-three months have a significant reduction in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Cumulative lactation experience influences the decrease of both ovarian and breast cancer. Thereby, each year of breastfeeding reduces the risk levels of breast cancer by 4.3%. Daily energy needs of well-nourished mothers who breastfeed increase by about 500 kcal per day. This need may be met by a small increase in a normal balanced diet. During lactation, a number of clinicians recommend continuing to use prenatal vitamin supplements. The main recommendation for breastfeeding mothers is to “include an average daily intake of 200 to 300 mg of the polyunsaturated fatty acids to guarantee a sufficient concentration of preformed DHA in the milk” (“Breastfeeding”, p. 833). Per week, consumption of one or two portions of fish can meet this need. However, the intake of predatory fish like swordfish, mackerel, marlin, and pike fish should be avoided. For poorly nourished mothers or those who are on a selective vegan diet may require multivitamins and a supplement of DHA. Despite the advantages of breastfeeding, there is a limited number of medical contraindications that every mother who is going to breastfeed has to keep in mind. They may be divided into three groups: categorical contraindications, not absolute ones, and only expressed milk allowance. The first group includes situations when a mother is positive for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or II or untreated brucellosis as they may be dangerous for the infants (“Breastfeeding”, p. 832). Also, in the industrialized world, it is not recommended that HIV-positive mothers breastfeed to reduce and prevent the risks (“Breastfeeding”, p. 832). However, HIV-positive mothers from developing countries should continue breastfeeding since the mortality level in such areas is increased in non-breastfeeding infants. Not absolute contraindications include maternal substance or alcohol abuse and smoking. If mothers are “enrolled in a supervised methadone maintenance program and have a negative screening for HIV and illicit drugs,” they are allowed to breastfeed (“Breastfeeding”, p. 832). On the contrary, street drugs like cannabis and cocaine are contraindicated, especially because of the infant’s long-term neurobehavioral development. Alcohol can have a negative effect on infant motor development and blunt prolactin response to suckling. Thereby, it is necessary to limit and minimize maternal ingestion of alcoholic beverages. The same may be said about smoking; it “should be strongly discouraged, because it is associated with an increased incidence in infant respiratory allergy and SIDS” (“Breastfeeding”, p. 832). Also, it may result in poor weight gain and low milk supply. The third group includes contraindications that forbid breastfeeding but allow feeding infants with expressed milk. For example, a mother with untreated infectious tuberculosis, active herpes simplex lesions on her breast, varicella five days before through two days after delivery, and H1N1 influenza can provide expressed milk for feeding. Due to the fact that such diseases cannot infect infants through expressed milk, it is rather safe and also necessary since mother’s milk is crucial for babies. Work Cited “Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk.” American Academy of Pediatrics , vol. 129, no. 3, 2012, pp. 827-841. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Japanese 2. North American 3. European 4. Works cited Japanese Effects of the American voyage were felt widely on Japanese territory. This prompted them to embrace the technical and industrial culture that was a preserve of the Europeans. The nation passed on this culture to its colonies during the occupation (Everett & Lau 200). It should be noted that Japan bore economic interests in the territories to which she expanded. They took an interest in Korea due to the prescience of agricultural land and raw materials. They also had their security in mind as they undertook the venture. Okinawa was taken for the resources therein and territorial security, while Hokkaido provided prospects for the agro-industry and lumber, among other resources. Their attempt at taking China was propelled by the availability of a ready market, raw materials and farmland. They were able to expand their territories successfully into Hokkaido, Meiji and Ainu regions, spreading agriculturalist tendencies in place of hunting and gathering. They also exploited Korea’s sea ports for personal benefit. It is noteworthy, that they encountered resistance from the Soviet nation, which also had interests in the region and the Chinese troops who were protecting their territory from occupation. North American The only North American state that took up colonialism and migratory activities was the United States of America. There are glaring differences in tact between the American and European take over strategies. This is because American took up permanent residences in these states and worked to wards their prosperity on all fronts. On the other hand, the Britons and other European colonizers established their territories for political and economic success. It should be noted that some of the islands that were occupied by America are still under their custody to date. During this process, they imposed their economic principles, as well as social norms on the original inhabitants. This is evident in the Philippines, where liberalism is readily acceptable and practiced openly. In addition, these nations have robust economies, since they were majorly controlled by the American immigrants. These nations have vibrant democracies, which also borrow from the American system of government. In the Philippines, for example, the administrative structure closely mirrors that of the United States, a former colony (Holcombe 221). European In a similar fashion to what happened in Africa, most of these states had to fight for their independence from the Europeans. After their departure, several aspects of their culture and lifestyles were changed drastically. Some nations, like the Philippines adopted Catholicism as a new religion. These nationals also learnt and adopted the Spanish language for communication. It is worth mentioning that this is an isolated case, since most nations in this region still subscribe to Buddhism and other indigenous religious practices. These nations took up the political structures left by their colonizers upon attaining independence. It should be noted that most of these nations engaged the supremacists in unending battles, just like the African states. After power had been ceded to them, they inherited a power structure and governance principles that they use to date. On the economic front, most of these nations have recovered adequately. China is a notable case, since the country adopted technical procedures espoused by the colonial masters. This move saw the economy grow to great lengths. These nations adopted the European method of carrying out business transactions. This is evident by their corporate structure and the way they handle economic affairs (Tarling 21). Works cited Everett, Yayoi & Frederick, Lau. Locating East Asia in Western art music . Connecticut, CT: Wesleyan University Press.2004. Print. Holcombe, Charles. The Genesis of East Asia, 221 B.C.-A.D. 907 . Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. 2001. Print. Tarling, Nicholas. Cambridge history of South East Asia: From early times to c.1500 . London: Cambridge University Press. 1999. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Consumer Perception of Price, Quality, and Value by Zeithaml Essay (Article) The article “Consumer perception of price, quality, and value” by V. Zeithaml describes relations between such factors as price, quality and value and their impact on customers’ decision to purchase a product. The a mean-ends model has no sense as it misinterpret the main marketing concepts related to price, quality and added value and overestimate the impact of perceive quality and attributes on a decision to purchase. Such features as status symbols, prestige, utility, economy, price, service, and warranties may appeal to different segments of the market but they cannot be seen as dominant motives for purchase. Motivation, though important to consumption and helpful in explaining consumer reactions, need not be the only governing force. It refers to only one means by which behavior is initiated or aroused. Some behavioral reactions are not motivated in the ordinary sense of seeking need gratifications. I disagree with Zeithaml that customers rely on product attributes and payoff of the product neglecting price. Conflict might arise from the consideration of such factors a price, innovation, service, warranty, sales effort, advertising, and product image. Consumption experience is itself a learning process. These forces consist of positive valences pressing for purchase and negative valences pressing against it. Zeithaml overemphasizes the role of perceived quality and price in purchasing process. Societies engender conformity by imposing constraints on the individual. However, different societies enforce conformity and shape social character in definably different ways. Some societies are tradition directed. Individuals having well-defined functional relationships exist with other group members, thus eliciting conformity. Other societies are inner-directed — the individual has a psychic gyroscope incorporated early in life. Other-directedness partially explains behavioral conformity. The need for approval from others is a motivating force. In many situations, intrinsic attributes do not have a great impact on consumers. The modern other-directed types make the psychological need to be wanted and liked by others the chief source of direction and area of sensitivity. The tendency toward other-direction and conformity by societies as they progress and develop into industrial, urban complexes has profound implications for marketing. Marketing programs, and promotional activities in particular, become more concerned with affecting group influentials and leaders, and with understanding groups and their values, to shape the direction of consumers. This does not mean that advertising, merchandising, sales promotion, and selling will be able to mold consumers and automatically induce favorable reactions. By contrast, some other cultures that are more restrictive in their anticipations do not expect, hope for, or plan for any great change in their environment. I suppose that the orientation and life-style outlook of each of the classes differs from members of other strata. Societies engender conformity and shape social character in different ways. Some are tradition directed and others are inner directed, but ours is largely other directed. People pay close attention to the signals received from others — friends and mass media. Our society also has the permanent traits of innovation, change, mobility, and movement. As a result, the tendency to conformity is tempered by dynamism and change. Marketing analysts should be well aware of the significance of sociological factors; they have been described as socio-graphics. In sum, Zeithaml’s model overemphasizes the impact on value and quality on consumers’ decision to purchase a product. Many marketers deal with rats and learning in a maze. Groups witnessing a decision being made can influence what happens. Also, decision roles outside the home need not be the same as the roles within. The reasons for making purchases vary among buyers. Past buying decisions and choices give an individual good information on possible outcomes. Bibliography Zeithaml, V. Consumer perception of price, quality ,and value: A means-end Model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing; 1988; 52 (3), 2-22. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Moreover, as a form of text editing tool, Turnitin and Grammarly utilize elaborated AI and machine learning processes that offer more text editing opportunities. For example, once the app detects that the text features listing elements, it will automatically provide the user with an option to make a list of these items for more comfortable reading. According to Wang (2020), AI presents a vital part in Turnitin, and its work within the app focuses on improving the quality of students’ writing. On the other hand, mistakes can always occur with text editing applications, as speech recognition algorithms can fail to detect specific sentence structures. While proofreading papers using Grammarly and Turnitin saves a significant amount of time, one should carefully approach the task without overly relying on the apps. In writing responses to assignments and personal correspondence, the apps will help by automatically detecting any grammar or punctuation mistakes and ensuring the use of tone suitable for conversation purposes. When the user confuses different words for formal and informal tones, the app will correct the text and help choose the right sentence structure. Moreover, the use of such applications could become essential for non-native English speakers and their career progression. Many companies are now starting to implement remote job principles in their work, which means more room for misunderstandings in communication. Using applications like Grammarly and Turnitin for academic or business teamwork will help to maintain productive collaboration through effective communication that leaves no misunderstandings. References Wang, E. (2020). Turnitin tech talk: Artificial intelligence and machine learning at Turnitin . Turnitin. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The concept of wei-wu-wei in understanding Tao Te Ching Definition Essay Tao Te Ching is without doubt a classic in philosophy. The book illustrates the Chinese philosophy of living. Mitchell Stephen has done a great work of representing it in free translation that even has endnotes for some literal translations, relevant examples and commentaries. However, for one to understand Tao Te Ching, it is imperative for one to first understand Wei-wu-wei. Wei-wu-wei is important in understanding Tao Te Ching because it is often viewed as a paradox within Taoism of whose importance comes second only to Tao Te Ching itself (Loy 73). wei-wu-wei is often looked at as the state of doing nothing or at least doing as little as possible. The philosophical weight it carries is that on the political front, it could be said that the citizens should be exposed to as little external pressure as possible in order to facilitate the individual’s satisfaction. Leaving the people without any undue political interference is the key to solving the social problems for most of the problems are as a result of the political interference. The political view might be much similar to the personal interpretation of the Tao Te Ching in relation to wei-wu-wei . The individual might look at it as the concept of doing nothing but in reality, the idea is to know when to stop acting. The Tao Te Ching likens nature to a bow in chapter 77. “ That which is at the top is pulled down/that which is at the bottom is brought up/ That which is overfull is reduced/ that which is deficient is supplemented .” One ought to know when to cease. The Tao Te Ching warns against extremes and stopping at the expedient time frees one from danger (Mitchell Chapter 44). Another view of the wei-wu-wei is that action that does not impose itself but one that yields itself. While the former interpretation is doing nothing, this concept refers to passivity. An example is given of an alcoholic who loses balance from a carriage and instead of resisting the fall, he yields to it and that saves his life (Loy 75). This argument is not actually pro-alcoholism-it only serves to explain the main concept of yielding and its advantage over resisting. The corollary of this is found in chapter 63 which says that a lot can be achieved by doing very little. “Contemplating the difficult with the easy/working on the Great with the small” (Mitchell chapter 63). Ideally, one should embark on dealing with the small issues instead of allowing them to grow into bigger problems. It is easier to affect the saplings’ growth as opposed to that of a fully grown tree. Arguably, the commonest interpretation of the wei-wu-wei is that which is natural. The importance of this concept in understanding the Tao Te Ching is because the master talks about life and how to approach it wisely and with grace. In other words, it is addressing the natural way of living. The wei-wu-wei describes how a man should restrict his actions and movements to only that which is necessary, or more precisely, that which is natural. It refers to one pursuing his Te without any arbitrary effort whatsoever. The Chinese philosophy recognizes the natural as that which has no strife although it could also be looked at as that which lacks willful effort (loy 76). Natural doesn’t include spontaneous actions. For instance, if a man steps on my toe and anger rises in me as a consequence, then it cannot be considered as a case of wei-wu-wei . Consciousness to the self is seen as the root cause to natural action. That means that the unnatural action would be as a result of lack of consciousness of self. Conclusion Wei-wu-wei is important in understanding Tao Te Ching. Wei-wu-wei is the concept of doing much by doing less or more simply put, it is the philosophy of natural living. This makes it of primary importance in understanding the Tao Te Ching since in it, the master explains the way of living life peacefully and with wisdom which should be the natural way of living. Works Cited Loy David. Wei-Wu-Wei: Nondual Action. Philosophy East and West. 35.1 (1995): 73-86 Mitchell Steven. Tao Te Ching. New York: HarperCollins, 1991 | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Introduction 2. Brief Biographical Overview 3. Montessori’s Main Concepts and Ideas 4. Practical Implementation 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction The first years of a child’s life are critical: they shape his or her outlook on the world. Be they fulfilling, happy, or traumatic, the experiences that he or she has left a lasting imprint. Early childhood education is a field that emerged during the Enlightenment era and brought the public’s attention to children’s autonomy and integrity. For many centuries, children had not been seen as human beings who could enjoy their rights and liberties the way adults could. Even though, as of now, researchers have gathered an extensive body of evidence on developmental psychology, there is still no consensus as to what approach to early education benefits children best. This paper discusses Maria Montessori’s contribution to early childhood education, the main concepts introduced by her, and ideas for practical implementation of her methods. Brief Biographical Overview Maria Montessori was born in 1870 in Chiaravalle, Italy, in a well-educated family. Her academic and professional background was quite diverse: in secondary school, Montessori was studying natural and precise sciences, and later, she entered a medical university in Rome (Kramer 10). During their university years, she was working with children with mental retardation, and after graduation, she was involved with psychiatric clinics and asylums where she continued studying developmental disabilities. As a passionate social justice advocate, Maria Montessori supported several causes, such as women’s rights in education and restoration for juvenile delinquents. In 1906, Montessori opened her first institution – Casa dei Bambini (Children’s House) – where she decided to apply her methods to mentally healthy children (Kramer 35). Her education program proved to be a major success, and soon her ideas spread across Italy. Montessori’s Main Concepts and Ideas Montessori’s methods are based on the assumption that natural child development involves free, uninhibited acting in an environment that responds to children’s needs. The researcher had a deep respect for children’s spontaneity in making discoveries about the world. She was convinced that there was no need to pressure children into learning new things by establishing a rigid curriculum or setting strict evaluation metrics. Instead, it sufficed to exploit their natural desire for knowledge in their best interests and remove all obstacles on their way to fulfilling life. The first important idea introduced by Maria Montessori was child-centered education. She reasoned that no two children were the same: from birth, every human being had his or her unique traits, abilities, and interests. For instance, according to Montessori, there was no need to push a child to make progress at a certain pace if it did not align with his or her learning style. This idea led to the second significant concept put forward by the researcher – individualized learning. Montessori claimed that learning programs had to be highly flexible and adaptable to meet children’s needs, and the changes had to be based on constant observations, not merely on the existing theoretical framework. Lastly, she introduced interrelated curriculums in which different subjects were intertwined and that repetition and complexity allowed for better memorizing and learning. Practical Implementation These days, Montessori’s ideas are still highly relevant and applicable to modern early childhood education facilities. It is possible to implement Montessori’s ideas even with minimum resources; however, the realization will take a thoughtful approach (Bredekamp 36). First, education providers need to arrange specialized classrooms and make sure that new spaces are safe and peaceful. There should not be a focal point as in traditional classrooms: a teacher should not be the center of attention, nor should children feel observed and scrutinized at all times. If a facility deals with very young children, the sizes of furniture and other items should be adjusted to children’s height and weight. The learning environment should be stimulating and engage a child’s vision, hearing, and tactile senses. As for school subjects, Montessori’s method is highly beneficial due to its support of playfulness in children. Early years are characterized by the inclination to interact with the world through roleplay and partake in imaginary situations. There is evidence that kindergarten-age children learn mathematics with more efficiency if rules are introduced through games and materials are available at all times (Faryadi 10). Thus, learning becomes a guided activity in which a teacher assumes the role of a mentor and not an overseer. Conclusion The early years of life also constitute a period when a child’s natural curiosity and creativity push him or her to learn and explore at a rapid pace. A branch of education theory, early childhood education, raises awareness of children’s cognitive faculties and offers a number of approaches as to how to accommodate a child and provide a learning environment. Back in the 1910s, Maria Montessori transformed early childhood education by introducing the concepts of child-centered individualized learning and interdisciplinary programs. Her legacy lives on as many educational facilities nowadays adopt her principles of respect for children’s integrity and spontaneity. Practical implementation of Montessori’s ideas requires creating safe spaces and adjusting curriculums to involve more playful activities and independent learning. Works Cited Bredekamp, Sue. Effective Practices in Early Childhood Education: Building a Foundation . 2nd ed., Pearson, 2014. Faryadi, Qais. “The Application of Montessori Method in Learning Mathematics: An Experimental Research.” Open Access Library Journal , vol. 4, 2017, pp. 1-14. Kramer, Rita. Maria Montessori: A Biography . Diversion Books, 2017. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Feminist Psychoanalysis From McRobbie’s Perspective Essay Angela McRobbie announces a turn towards psychoanalysis in her work though there are other theoretical influences that characterize her writing. In this respect, this essay will seek to expose the various theoretical influences, debts and allegiances that come up in Angela’s work. All these have related in one way or another to the psychoanalysis as advanced by Angela. The concept of mob psychology has been identified in this piece of writing, especially where it is noted that women find commonality amongst themselves. It is argued that “these complaints are normal, part and parcel of being a woman …” (McRobbie, 2009 p 256). The role of the media in promoting feminist psychoanalysis has also been emphasized. In this respect, McRobbie (2009) argues that the media plays a major role in promoting then fashion image among the female fraternity. The fashion images have been presented as promoting tension between gender freedom and re-establishment of the patriarchal status quo. Angela also borrows from the works of other individuals, including Butler and Rabine, among others. She consequently analyses these works by other individuals, relating them with her psychoanalytic perspective on feminism (McRobbie, 2009). It is critical to observe that Angela MacRrobbie makes significant observations with respect to feminist psychoanalysis. Despite basing arguments on the psychoanalytic perspective, Angela has adopted other aspects which shed some light on other people’s view with respect to feminism. Butler and Rabine, for instance, had a distinct view of the concept though Angela was able to analyse their notions in a psychoanalytic manner. She also managed to incorporate other concepts such as media portrayal of feminism and how females view their position in society. Bibliography McRobbie, A, 2009, The Aftermath of Feminism: gender, culture and social change. London: Sage, Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Special Needs that Children Aged 0 to 5 Years Would Have in Time of Disaster in Anne Arundel, Maryland Essay Introduction Odenton, which is in Anne Arundel, Maryland, has experienced a 28.11% population growth rate in the past 10 years. The city is comprised of diverse ethnic groups, the whites being the largest ethnic group, making up to 72.3% of the entire population, while the blacks, the Asian, the Hispanic, and the mixed races make up 27.7% (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). An increase in demographic data, however, goes hand in hand with an increase in social amenities, including amenities related to traumatic events. This paper will determine the special needs that infants aged 0-5 years in Odenton would have in time of disaster, and then provide an overview of the current community resources available in Montgomery County to help these infants. Special Needs That Children Aged 0 to 5 Years Would Have In Time of Disaster The rate of population growth for children aged 0 to 5 years in Odenton is highly increasing over the years, as it currently stands at 11.58% of the entire population (U.S. Census Bureau 2010). Thus, this population is one of the most vulnerable groups in times of disaster, especially during mass casualty incidents. Knowledge on the special needs for this population can be obtained from health services that handle the critically injured patients in Odenton, commonly known as the Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Determining special needs for this group necessitates the need for an effective data collection procedure, as the assessment should involve both human and capital resources. It is imperative to understand that undertaking a need assessment for this population should start from the onset of mothers’ pregnancy period because a disaster during pregnancy contributes greatly to adverse effect on unborn children’s health (Phelps & Hassed, 2011). Hence, the special needs for this group should include screening pregnant women for the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder after a disaster, holding interventions aimed at reducing levels of stress for the affected pregnant women, screening toddles, and providing financial support to the low-income earners. These needs, however, can only be facilitated by the presence of the community’s resources, which include the level of Odenton’s family-centered practices, the level of Odenton’s policies on child protection, and the level of networks from neighborhood within Odenton. Community Resources Currently Available In Montgomery County in Maryland to Help This Group Families in Odenton seem to understand that, even though the infant’s group is more vulnerable to disaster, it is also more receptive to intervention as compared to the other groups. Thus, the families associated with this group are more receptive to availability of human resources currently available in Montgomery County since this county evaluates and comes up with a program that provides early intervention to children who have experienced a deficiency resulting from a disaster (Health and Human Services, 2011). This support concurs with Odenton’s family practices since the intervention is provided through a family centered approach that seeks to understand the special needs of infants aged 0 to 5 years. However, despite the fact that the Montgomery County has the capacity of providing this group with adequate interventions, the county puts more emphasis on postnatal support [0-5 years] than the prenatal support [during pregnancy]. Montgomery County protects infants aged 0 to 5 years by adopting practices that fit the needs of every child regardless of its character traits, interests, health status, talents, and ethnicity, among other factors. Because of this, the guardians to the children of this group are receptive to the childcare financial support provided by the Montgomery County, as the county’s policy evaluates the low-income earners who are qualified for receiving this financial support (Health and Human Services, 2011). More so, Montgomery County protects this group through a model that facilitates decision-making process by taking into account that coordination and cooperation between the diverse ethnic groups within Odenton can enhance the intervention of this vulnerable group. Despite the fact that Odenton is ethnically diverse, the Montgomery County facilitates planning, implementation, as well as coordination of projects that cater for the welfare of this vulnerable group in a manner that averts racial discrimination (Health and Human Services, 2011). References Health and Human Services. (2011). Children, Youth, and Family Services. Web. Phelps, K., & Hassed, C. (2011). General practice: The integrative approach . Sydney: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Maryland 2000: 2000 census of population and housing (4 th ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Darwinism theory in the text The Island of Dr Moreau Essay The Darwinism theory talks about evolution or better still the transmutation of species. This entails the transformation of various species from their original form to a lot more different forms through what is commonly called genetic transformation. This simply means that the present existing organisms descended from somewhere and therefore there is a difference between the organisms that existed millions of years ago and those that are in existence as of now. For instance man is thought to trace his roots from the ape family of organisms and therefore it is thought by those who share in the Darwinism theory that evolution must have taken place. Likewise in the text The Island of Dr Moreau, we encounter the doctor, who we learn is a runaway vivisectionist from London for many years now. He, the doctor has made beast men, who are half men and half beasts, (Wells 18)therefore he can be considered to have caused a sort of evolution from one form of organism to another and that is, he created half beasts and half human beings by mixing genes from both animals and human beings. The Darwinism theory is evident throughout the book as we encounter a certain class of organisms referred to as beast men. These beast men are an absolute mockery of man. Prendick happens to see the difference that exists between the beast men and real men through their character because their character is very weird and different in comparison to humans they seem to be unruly and very noisy (Wells 24). Their physical appearance is described by Prendick as “inhuman- looking humans (Wells 30)”. Their exists many of them, that is the Leopard Man, Ape Man, Bull Men and many more forms. This therefore means that the animals’ physical appearance could be half beast and half human. Moreau’s experiments have borne fruits that can be seen as a form of evolution from one set of organisms to another. Darwinism propagates the idea of the formation or rather the development of life from nothing. When organisms come up and grow from one stage to another then that can be regarded as the propagation of that theory, now that beast men are in existence and who knew that there could be a common means of communication that cuts across the group, because all these beast men can talk to each other by use of rudimentary language and understand each other by mere fact that they have got a humanistic characteristic that cuts across, therefore genetic mutations must have really occurred in doctor Moreau’s experiments. We are told that they can also work as servants, chant their songs and do many more activities. It is well understood that animals can never be servants and do chores that are designed by men. The doctor’s overpowering desire to bring about scientific progression is what causes him to carry out the experiments. This he thought was to bring about a sense of making man or even the beasts more efficient and better than their former selves. He believes that pain and pleasure are not relevant thereby having to do what he does in order to achieve his goals in as much as society does not approve of it (Wilson 54). Moreau wants to bring change that is to be reckoned. The race of sub humans that he intends to create are expected to be superior to the existing man. With their action of rebellion towards Moreau and Montgomery, the beast men depict clear humanistic characteristic among them, rebellion towards tyranny. But to what extent is the story about the possible existence of the beast people true? This can be left to the theoreticians of Darwinism to justify that. At some point we meet Montgomery saying that the beast people”…….actually bore off springs, but that these generally died. There was no evidence of the inheritance of the acquired human characteristics (Well 61)”. But all the same evolution can be seen to be put to test by Wells in this intriguing and entertaining, though scary text. By bringing the beast men with distinctively common characteristics though each belonging to a different species, one can be sure that science plays a major role in literature because it brings out exciting ideas in prose ( Wilson 54). Works Cited Wells, Herbert. Science Fiction . United Kingdom. Stone & Kimball. 1896. pp. 60 – 209. Wilson, David. Evolution for Everyone: How’s Darwin’s Theory Can Change the Way We Think about Our Lives . Delacorte Press. 2007. pp. 70 – 345. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients by Liu & Lu Essay The article under consideration, “Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients,” written by Liu & Lu, aims to review and analyze the studies’ findings and present the patterns of interactions between the immune system and corresponding pathogens. The authors’ conclusions are intended for specialists working on the development of vaccines against COVID-19 as well as any other similar infections. The antibody responses to this virus were confirmed to be complex, and the severity of cases affects treatment outcomes. The study used the reports of other scholars on antibody responses, and their consideration allowed distinguishing specific unique mechanisms of action. Thus, both S and N proteins can be targeted, and IgM and IgG responses are usually revealed at the early stages of the disease progression (Liu & Lu, 2020). In turn, the more complicated the case is, the higher levels of antibodies are detected (Liu & Lu, 2020). Meanwhile, the long-lasting response of this infection was not confirmed, whereas immune protection ensured by the development of vaccines is still applicable (Liu & Lu, 2020). Therefore, the researchers proved the feasibility of elaborating preventing measures while focusing on the described mode of action. The presented information connects to pathophysiology by providing specialists with the basic knowledge of this disease’s course. In other words, the established responses, which can be revealed early, allow for taking timely measures to eliminate patient risks. In this situation, the protective effects of antibodies can be both direct and indirect, and the environmental conditions can be analyzed to show the correlation between severe cases of COVID-19 and its mild forms (Liu & Lu, 2020). Also, the relevance of this article is conditional upon the contradictory evidence of previous research, and the efforts of the scholars allow relying on the typical findings for elaborating further practices. Reference Liu, S., & Lu, S. (2020). Antibody responses in COVID-19 patients. Journal of Biomedical Research , 34 (6), 410-415. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Fatigue Impact on Human Raters Essay (Book Review) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Summary 3. Critique 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The article “A Study of the Impact of Fatigue on Human Raters when Scoring Speaking Responses” was conducted in 2014 by Guangming Ling, Pamela Mollaun, and Xiaoming Xi. Informed by a research gap on the impact of time-related fatigue on rating quality in language testing, these authors set out to examine the effects of fatigue on human raters’ scoring performance within the context of the TOEFL iBT Speaking Test. The authors succeeded in showing how rating accuracy, quality, and consistency vary across time due to fatigue-related effects. Summary The study employed a quantitative experimental research design to “examine the effects of fatigue on human raters of audio responses by comparing rating accuracy and consistency at various time points throughout a scoring day, under shift conditions that differ by shift length and session length” (Ling, Mollaun, and Xi 479). The authors consulted other sources to show that the burden placed on raters’ concentration and cognitive capabilities in scoring speaking responses may trigger time-related fatigue and also aggravate scoring accuracy and consistency. Overall, the findings proved that (1) scoring productivity and quality differ widely across hours irrespective of shift conditions, (2) shorter scoring shifts (e.g., 6-hours shifts and those that switch to a new speaking task every 2 hours) enjoy higher rating accuracy, greater hourly productivity, and greater rating consistency across time than longer scoring shifts, and (3) longer scoring sessions and expanded scoring length are positively associated with increased fatigue. Critique The main argument of the study is that fatigue occasioned by longer scoring shift length and session length affects the human raters’ rating quality, accuracy, as well as consistency. The writers’ perspective is embedded in the fact that scoring shift length and session length in language testing may indeed occasion undesirable fatigue-related outcomes. This perspective is consistent with that of other authors, who argue that exam proximity (time between cognitive tasks) has a powerful impact on performance due to cognitive fatigue (Fillmore and Pope 12). Drawing from this comparison, it can be argued that the writers’ ideas on fatigue are similar to those of other writers. Indeed, their ideas are effective in demonstrating how scoring shift length and session length affect the rating quality, accuracy, and consistency in language testing. The authors do not show any bias and are qualified to write in this area based on their affiliation with the United States Educational Testing Service. Their main ideas are easily agreeable based on the experiments done in the study to prove them; however, the authors fail to discuss how other factors (e.g., regional traditions of language testing) can impact rating quality, accuracy, and consistency (McNamara and Knoch 556). Although their introduction and literature review sections are easy to understand, other areas (e.g., methodology and results in sections) seem complicated to a general reader. Additionally, although the writers use reputable sources to back their arguments, they fail to connect the available literature to their main findings in a manner that could reinforce their main contributions in the area. Overall, the study can be recommended to students and professionals who may want to understand the effects of fatigue in language testing and scoring. Conclusion The article is effective in demonstrating how fatigue-related factors affect the rating accuracy of human raters in language testing. Language testing and scoring professionals may find this article interesting as it provides a glimpse of ideal scoring shift length and session length for optimal productivity in rating quality, accuracy, and consistency. Works Cited Fillmore, Ian and Devin G. Pope. The Impact of Time between Cognitive Tasks on Performance: Evidence from Advanced Placement Exams , 2012. Web. Ling, Guangming, Pamela Mollaun and Xiaoming Xi. “A Study of the Impact of Fatigue on Human Raters when Scoring Speaking Responses.” Language Testing . 31.4 (2014): 479-499. ERIC . Web. McNamara, Tim and Ute Knoch. “The Rasch Wars: The Emergence of Rasch Measurement in Language Testing.” Language Testing . 29.4 (2012): 555-576. ERIC . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Poverty and Risks Associated With Poverty Case Study According to Miller and Chen (2013), children that were raised in families with low socioeconomic status were more likely to develop respiratory illnesses, as well as some chronic illnesses, including autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Exposure to secondhand smoke, malnutrition, neglect and abuse can lead to the development of various diseases (e.g. respiratory diseases or lung cancer). Moreover, children who lived in such families often had poor self-regulation skills that could result in obesity or smoking/drinking (Miller & Chen, 2013). Santiago, Kaltman, and Miranda (2013) point out that different conditions related to poverty can also result in the development of PTSD, depression, and anxiety in children because of their exposure to violence. Such exposure can also lead to an increased risk of alcohol and drug abuse (i.e. development of addictive behaviors) (Santiago et al., 2013). Single parents can be at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to the possible stress that is caused by the parent’s responsibility for the family’s quality of life and the future of their child. Due to high exposure to stress, single parents who live in poverty can also suffer from insomnia and the resulting headache and mood swings, as well as a lack of concentration (Almendrala, 2016). Insomnia can lead to the development of depression and anxiety, as well as constant fatigue. As it can be seen, living in poverty adversely influences the physical and mental health of single parents. There are multiple community services available in Phoenix, AZ metro area. For example, Fresh Start Women’s Resource Center provides workshops, counseling, and other services for women who have to experience any transition (divorce, abuse, planned/unplanned pregnancy, etc.) in their life (“Best 10 community service”, 2017, para. 3). Non-profit community organization Pathway for Youth mentors teenagers and young adults at risk. HandsOn Greater Phoenix is a non-profit organization that consists of volunteers who address and work on community issues (education, animal welfare, homelessness, etc.). St. Mary’s Food Bank Alliance provides free food for homeless people or people with a complex financial background (“Best 10 community service”, 2017, para. 1). Emergency food boxes are supplied to those in need; the organization also provides child nutrition programs for children living in poverty, as well as recruits employees who face employment barriers to the community kitchen. The organization also offers volunteering programs for those who are willing to help resolve community issues. As a nurse, I can help and counsel first-time mothers about the necessary activities performed throughout pregnancy that will decrease the risk of diseases common in single parents who live in poverty (mental illnesses, colds, chronic respiratory diseases, etc.). If necessary, I can help children with abusive parents/mentors seek help and educate them about the influence of abuse on their health and later life, as well as ensure that they receive the necessary support from the local government. Furthermore, I can also provide counseling services and education to teenagers from families that live in poverty to ensure that there are no unplanned pregnancies. Such adolescents often need to be educated about sexually transmitted diseases, as well as parental abuse. If an unplanned pregnancy can result in adolescent homelessness, I will need to consult them about pregnancy prevention methods and programs that can support them in case of parental abuse related to an unplanned pregnancy. Adolescents that are at risk of being malnourished can be consulted about the existing programs that provide free food and meals to families in poverty. Adults that live in poverty might not know about food stamps. My responsibility as a nurse will be to explain to them how they can initiate the process of applying for food stamps and guide them throughout the process. References Almendrala, A. (2016). Almost half of single moms struggle with this health problem . Web. Best 10 community service. (2017). Web. Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2013). The biological residue of childhood poverty. Child Development Perspectives , 7 (2), 67-73. Santiago, C. D., Kaltman, S., & Miranda, J. (2013). Poverty and mental health: How do low‐income adults and children fare in psychotherapy? Journal of Clinical Psychology , 69 (2), 115-126. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“The Crash of United Flight 232” by Haynes Essay Safety is one of the major concerns in modern civil aviation. For this reason, it is crucial to prepare pilots and crew members for various scenarios. It means that realistic training is essential to practice under existing conditions. Respondents need to undertake practical training to prepare them to deal effectively with these types of emergencies. In the discussed video, the communication from the crew to air traffic control (ATC) was delivered about twenty minutes out (Haynes, 1991). That is why there is a need to enhance specialists’ skills to deal with these types of emergencies effectively. The Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) and the local military unit were prepared to assist with the aircraft’s response (Haynes, 1991). At the same time, it is vital to establish such processes on the aircrew and on the ground to ensure successful reactions to unusual conditions. Another possible way to improve emergent situations’ responses is to train personnel to a standard methodology to allow for cross-functional understanding and interoperability. The training of individuals is a crucial part of the current safety measures and procedure of how to act in unexpected situations. Moreover, training should presuppose the ability to function in different scenarios as various types of risks can precondition the crash of aircraft. For this reason, it is crucial to enhance crew members’ skills by using simulations and realistic training. Government involvement is another fundamental aspect of emergency response training. It helps to gather additional support for organizing such courses and standardize them. Moreover, there is a need to involve other agencies in these activities because they can monitor and collect useful information. The involvement of these actors will contribute to a better planning and response procedure. The discussed video shows that ARFF operations are crucial for creating a safe environment and can benefit from the involvement of additional actors (BBC, n.d.). It means that the establishment of a new approach can help to reduce the risks. Furthermore, it is possible to state that federal control is a crucial asset needed in managing emergencies and responding to them. The federal government took part in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and all requirements are outlined in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). The Federal control is essential in guaranteeing that all response activities are verified and enacted in due time. On the other hand, the local authorities are demanded for the response as they observe that everything is organized in accordance with AEP. The local organization should be responsible for making sure that the personnel engaged in the operations are qualified. In such a way, government, federal, and international agencies’ involvement is vital to attain higher interoperability levels and better risk management. As stated previously, safety is the central concern for civil aviation, and it has a functional system in place. However, the previous accidents prove the necessity for higher flexibility levels and the need for continuous improvement. The major aspects of the framework should be reconsidered with the technological advances and alterations in aircraft. The CFR sections also support this position as they emphasize the need for enhancement to meet new challenges. Observation of this approach will ensure that the system in place is functional and works effectively. Thus, cogitating about ARFF, my position is that this aspect should continuously alter to meet the state-of-art air travel and current safety demands. The current process is successful and effective; however, there is also a place for improvement, guaranteeing more stable functioning. Some local ARFF units are managed separately, and according to the ARFF team, it can be viewed as a drawback. That is why I would ensure that these departments belong to a bigger system managing better coordination and cooperation. This approach will also help to save money and cultivate a better response to different situations that emerge today. References BBC. (n.d.). The unflyable plane . BBC. Web. Haynes, A. (1991). The crash of United flight 232 . John Clear. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Guided missile has become one of the widely used weapon systems and has proven to be very effective. It creates many possibilities of attack and lowers the risk for people using such weapons. The first guided missiles started to appear at the end of World War II. Germany was the country that has made its existence possible but the first types did not have a power system, so it was a predecessor of the modern guided missiles. During the War years Americans had many prototypes and working versions of the guided missile but did not have an opportunity to test and use them all. After the war ended there were a number of experiments that allowed a closer familiarity with the possibilities and strategic advancements of the missile. The United States have focused on the development of strategic missiles that could deliver an atomic charge to the enemy’s deepest territories. The missiles are labeled as “ASM” air-surface missile or “AGM” air-ground missile. The missiles differ in their specifications and purposes in several things. The distance of attack is one of the key roles of the missile, as well as its speed and mass.. The characteristics of flight also differentiate types of guided missiles used in combat. The navigation system itself gives a unique use to each missile, not to mention the propelling forces and several other parameters. The missiles differ in their purpose and qualifications. Tactical guided missiles are used for an attack of targets in the tactical zone of the enemy. Usually, stealth planes and bomb carriers have this type of missile. The distance is around 100 kilometers and the mass is from tens to hundreds of kilograms. The navigation and targeting systems are based on video targeting or self targeting. Operational-tactical missiles are used for important targets in the far off territory of the enemy. They are used in the frontal combat but also in strategic bombers. These have a larger distance of flight and mass, comparing to tactical missiles. The distance is several hundred kilometers and the mass is one to two tones. The targeting system uses many and almost all kinds of systems. This type of missile is also used on battle ships a long distance away. Strategically, guided missiles have the largest distance of operation, more than 1000 kilometers and weigh more than one ton. The primary load is atomic, which gives them an important privilege and function. The guided missiles are differentiated according to the targets they were made to hit. Those used against battle ships have larger mass and distance of flight and radio locating guiding system. The missiles used against radio locating systems of the enemy have a passive radio locating system of targeting, as to not be spotted by the enemy’s equipment. And there are missiles used against tanks and their armor. These have a lesser mass and distance of flight. Ballistic guided missiles have a trajectory that does not use the aerodynamic lifting force. The airplane that carries the missile is used to increase the distance of the missile’s targeting. Winged missiles have a system airplane-missile. The force that propels the missile is concentrated in the wing with an aerodynamic profile. Those that are used on targets that are moving and maneuvering, have a cross wing and for those that do not maneuver have a flat wing. Video or TV-guided targeting is used on missiles from an outside source. It is a camera that is set up on the missile, which is controlled by the operator. It also has the ability to have an autonomic mode where it reaches a destination automatically and then the operator starts taking part in its navigation. It has more advanced options comparing to other rockets, as it has more maneuvering options and speed. Radio command missiles receive signal from the carrier plane and are transferred to the missile via radio signal. For such missiles a tracer is used, which also can have an optical sensor that traces the missile and calculates the trajectory of flight to the target. This sort of navigation is widely used in any weather conditions and time of day. It is also very secretive but has a disadvantage in maneuvering and visual locating system. Radio beam and laser beam guidance systems are commonly used with a focused beam of a signal or laser pointer. The pilot holds the object of attack in line, the tracer of the missile and the sights. Radio beam targeting is sometimes called a method of three points targeting. Laser targeting uses a laser beam that is set up by the source local or distant. Thermal and movement missile guiding are very common, as they use heat and movement tracing of the target, which makes them very effective in helicopters and other air combat situations. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Competitive Intelligence of Groupon Essay The underlying fact is that firms operate in environments encompassed by high risks and uncertainties and as such need platforms to provide principal rationale for the application of strategic planning and forecasting. Launched in June 1998, Groupon’s capacity penetrate a market characterized by cut-throat competition is demonstrated by its capacity to serve more than 150 and 100 markets in North America and Europe respectively within a very short span of time. Furthermore, amassing 35 million registered users in Europe, North America, Asia, and South Africa is a demonstration of the capacity to anticipate and adapt appropriately to environmental changes and hold sustainable advantage over competitors. The levels of profitability a firm in any industry is largely determined by the intensity of competition (Zeithaml, 2002). Despite operating in industry of more than 500 players worldwide and 100 in the United States such as LivingSocial, Deals365.com, Gilt Groupe, BranchBark, Plum District and Jasmere.com just to name a few top players, Groupon emerges at the top of the list with good chance of succeeding. This is because of effective business model, strategic adaptation, and brand management. Groupon’s business model focuses of on an assurance contract using The Point’s platform. The competitive advantage this model has on other competitors is that it reduces risk for retailers. This underlines the main reason behind continued success of Groupon and its ability to smoke away competition from its rivals. The second competitive strategy for Groupon is its focus on brand management in a manner that competitors find hard to imitate. These customer relations approaches in brand management revolve around unique characteristics of customer service that for the basis for outperforming competitors because of the value the firm is able to present to the customers (Chermatony & McDonald, 2002). Groupon also employs strategic adaptation to achieve organizational efficiency and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors. This is because strategic adaptation encompasses formal planning that provides benefits that produce economic value, ensures the capability for business planning and management and enhances strategic focus and risk management. It forms the driving force behind the strategic plan of Groupon. The purpose of strategic adaptation encompasses all factors that congregate to making forecasts, estimating uncertainty, and gaining acceptance (Yusof & Aziz, 2008). In conclusion, the case of Groupon presents a real-life application of competitive market intelligence to smoke the competition and achieve a competitive edge. Groupon has strong market competitiveness due to the establishment of brand operations that are popular with its target group, strategic planning, and effective business model. Based on the assessment and market intelligence, it is highly recommended that VC injects its resources into Groupon because it has a slightly higher chance of succeeding than its competitors. Bullet Point Presentation. Competitive advantage Groupon is demonstrated by: * The business model that focuses on an assurance contract using The Point’s platform + The competitive advantage this model has on other competitors is that it reduces the risk for retailers * Brand management in a manner that competitors find hard to imitate + Provision of unique characteristics of customer service that for the basis for outperforming competitors because of the value the firm is able to present to the customers * Strategic adaptation to achieve organizational efficiency + Encompasses formal planning that provides benefits that ultimately produce economic value + It ensures the capability for business planning and management + Enhances strategic focus and risk management. References Chermatony, L. & McDonald, M., 2002. Creating powerful brands: in consumer, service and industrial markets , 2 nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann. Yusof, F.M. and Aziz, R.A. (2008). Strategic adaptation and the value of forecasts: The development of a conceptual framework. Journal of Business Economics and Management. 9(2): 107–114. Zeithaml, K., 2002. Brand loyalty programs: Are they shams? Marketing Science, 24(2), pp. 185-193. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Geographic and Subject-Matter Jurisdiction Essay Koletar (2006) defines geographic jurisdiction in criminal law as the power to investigate and prosecute individuals involved in criminal activities within a given geographic boundary. For instance, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has geographic jurisdiction over criminal cases within the boundaries of the United States of America. Subject-matter jurisdiction in law refers to the power to investigate and prosecute particular criminal cases. For instance, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration only focuses on issues relating to drug trafficking and drug abuse. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s geographic jurisdiction spans the entire country (Roberts & Hough, 2005). It has the power to investigate criminal activities within the boundaries of the United States. This agency has jurisdiction over more than 200 classes of federal crimes. The types of crimes under its jurisdiction include murder, robbery with or without violence, drug trafficking, human trafficking, organized crimes, terrorism, among others. According to Vito, Kunselman, and Tewksbury (2014), although there are specialized agencies responsible for crimes like homicide, this crime is under the jurisdiction of the FBI. Their agents may be involved in such investigations, especially if it is suspected that they may be related to other criminal activities. Aggravated robbery falls under the jurisdiction of the FBI. This agency has the mandate to investigate such offenses and present its finding to a court of law for appropriate measures to be taken. Weiner (2013) notes that it is common for FBI agents to work alongside the local law enforcement agencies such as highway patrol officers or sheriffs to investigate some cases. At the state level, the police would have jurisdiction over a residential burglary. According to Bohm and Haley (2012), the police would always respond when cases of burglary are reported. They are expected to be of service to the people, and this is one of the services they are expected to offer. In minor cases of burglary, the county sheriffs may have jurisdiction to investigate and take appropriate actions. Sheriffs are more common in remote places than in major urban centers. Other law enforcement agencies such as the FBI may be called upon if the burglary also involves other criminal acts beyond the jurisdiction of the state enforcement agencies. According to Siegel and Worrall (2015), there are cases where more than one level of law enforcement agency has jurisdiction over the same crime. A good example is a case where a drug lord is murdered by a rival gang in his home. The local police officers will have jurisdiction over the case to investigate it due to a possible burglary as the rival gang forced their way to the home of the victim. Their interest will be to determine how the rival criminal gang forced their way intending to prosecute the criminals for the crimes of burglary and murder. The United States Drug Enforcement Administration officers also have jurisdiction over this case. This agency will try to investigate the links that the drug lord has with other drug cartels to arrest those involved in the trade. The Federal Bureau of Intelligence will have jurisdiction over the murder of the drug lord and the involvement in the drug trafficking trade. The aim will be to bring the perpetrators to justice and to nub all those who are involved in this illicit trade. References Bohm, M., & Haley, K. (2012). Introduction to criminal justice . New York: McGraw-Hill. Koletar, J. W. (2006). The FBI career guide: Inside information on getting chosen for and succeeding in one of the toughest, most prestigious jobs in the world . New York: AMACOM. Roberts, V., & Hough, M. (2005). Understanding public attitudes to criminal justice . Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press. Siegel, L. & Worrall, J. (2015). Introduction to Criminal Justice . New York: Words of Wisdom LLC. Vito, F., Kunselman, C., & Tewksbury, R. (2014). Introduction to criminal justice research methods: An applied approach . New York: Wiley & Sons Weiner, T. (2013). Enemies: A history of the FBI . London: Penguin. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Successful Advertising and Innovation in Companies Essay Table of Contents 1. Companies with Strong CRM 2. Companies with Most Successful Advertising Campaigns 3. Companies with Strong Innovation Culture 4. References Companies with Strong CRM CRM is strong in Amazon with its quick service, protection of the customers’ rights, attentive attitude to feedback, quality control, and convenient website (Green, 2009). The same can be said about McDonald’s; its websites that are customized for different groups of customers (for example, children or Asian) are worth mentioning (Rai, 2013). Companies with Most Successful Advertising Campaigns The 80s “Just Do It” advertising campaign of Nike defined the brand image (one proclaiming the love for sport and ambition) and made it popular all over the world (Schermerhorn, 2010, p. 20). Another extremely successful advertising campaign is “Get a Mac” by Apple that consisted of the comparison of Mac and PC as well as Apple and Microsoft. The campaign was characterized as “culturally influential,” increased the market share of Apple by 42% and earned the 2007 Effie Award in 2007 (Dahlén, Lange & Smith, 2010, p. 24). Companies with Strong Innovation Culture Google Inc. and Microsoft have always been among the most praised leaders in innovation, which is partially explained by the specifics of IT industry. Indeed, unless they continuously innovate, these companies will lose their prominent positions in the rapidly developing market. Naturally, both Google and Microsoft are investing in research and development (R&D), but it must be pointed out that the most innovative companies have never been the ones to spend the most on innovation (Korn, 2011). Actually, Microsoft’s Chief Information Officer (CIO) points out that the IT companies tend to innovate more effectively and intensely while allocating relatively meager budgets in this direction (Daniel, 2008, para. 4). Investing in innovation does not guarantee success; instead, innovative culture needs to be built, and the two companies have their understanding of this phenomenon. The Senior Vice President of Google’s People Operations is certain that the success of the company results from innovating. In Google’s view, the key to innovation consists in empowering its employees and providing them with “channels for expression” and communication (He, 2013, para. 4). These channels include, for example, Google Cafes meant for work and “play” or Google Universal Ticketing Systems meant for problem-reporting. Any employee can write e-mails to top managers, and the system called Google Moderator allows posting questions and voting for them to be answered sooner. Similarly, weekly TGIF is a meeting meant for direct conversation between employees and top managers. Google believes that such an environment spurs innovation (He, 2013, para. 17). Microsoft’s CIO agrees that it is important to create the opportunity for innovation: the company does its best to provide the employees with the necessary environment, tools, and incentives (Daniel, 2008). At the same time, the company attempts to balance the creativity of its employees by exerting control through clear and concise guidelines. Apart from that, any innovation has to pass the final test: offer a positive answer to the question “does it really matter”. Microsoft distinguishes between “innovative” and “different” and demands the same from its employees. Apart from that, the company encourages the innovation of “product, business model, and policy” (Wunker, 2015, para. 4). Such an approach is opposed to the more popular product-based innovation. As a result, for example, the company managed to introduce Office for iOS and Android: a reasonable marketing decision that promotes the product among the users of other OS. To sum up, both companies recognize the importance of innovation and consider innovation culture to be the foundation of their success. While funding is necessary, both organizations highlight the importance of creating an innovation environment and providing the employees with an opportunity to innovate. At the same time, the companies appear to focus on different aspects of innovation culture building. Indeed, Google’s approach seems to be particularly concerned with producing ideas in larger number. Microsoft, on the other hand, stresses the necessity to set the right direction for these ideas. It can be concluded that the methods and specific goals of innovation culture building can be customized to the needs of different companies, but its importance and effectiveness cannot be denied. References Dahlén, M., Lange, F., & Smith, T. (2010). Marketing communications . Chichester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons. Web. Daniel, D. (2008). Microsoft’s Culture of Innovation: An Interview with CIO Tony Scott . CIO . Web. Green, H. (2009). How Amazon Aims to Keep You Clicking . Bloomberg Business . Web. He, L. (2013). Google’s Secrets Of Innovation: Empowering Its Employees . Forbes . Web. Korn, M. (2011). Top ‘Innovators’ Rank Low in R&D Spending . The Wall Street Journal . Web. Rai, A. (2013). Customer relationship management . New Delhi: PHI Learning. Web. Schermerhorn, J. (2010). Management . Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. Web. Wunker, S. (2015). 5 Strategies Big Businesses Use To Build A Culture of Innovation . Forbes . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
China’s Political Modernization Report (Assessment) Introduction Earlier political development in China led to two states from the earlier revolutions. The Nationalist Party was based in Nanjing under Chiang Kai-shek and was governing the whole of Shanghai province. Then there was the mainland state which was under the Communism Part. In 1937, there was an outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War and more civil wars followed. The Nationalist party based in Nanjing defected in this civil war leading to the rise of Mao Ze Dong and consequently, he assumed power and consequently becoming Chairman of the communist party in 1942 and consequently started the rectification movement during the period of the Ant-Japanese war. This ratification was aimed at bringing new ideologies to China. Mao’s thought was considered as the single ideological guide that would lead the Communist Party and the whole of China. In the Mao guideline, it was stated that the leadership should not be delineated from those that it is leading. This was referred to as the mass-line policy. Main body The Communist Party was also able to wash the masses off the Japanese imperialism ideologies. Japanese used ruthless imperialism policies. Mao was able to articulate nationalism to the people of China which was spread to all the city residents and peasant farmers. They advocated for anti-imperialism and nationalism policies. The communist party also realized that in order to create cohesive China, people had to have some degree of loyalty. Therefore in the rectification movement was launched with an aim of making the people become more loyal to the party and to have some degree of cohesiveness. The party realized that it had recruited many members during the war and could not count on loyalty from all the new members. Many of the members were also illiterate with questionable qualities. The rectification process was supposed to be a harsh process that was meant to indoctrinate the new members to the ideologies of the party. It was meant to lift the internal cohesion within the party and also to make the party more unified under one leadership. As the war continued, the Communist Party continued to recruit more members in its guerilla wing which was able to create buffer zones between Japanese soldiers and the people of China. Their continued resistance to Japanese policies of burning, rooting, and killing made it closer to the people. People saw the party as their only hope in the war and in making progressive China. Hence the ideologies advanced by Mao seemed to have succeeded in creating a unified China under one leadership that was able to resist invasion by Japan. Although the process of rectification was seen as harsh and inhuman in some instances, it brought the much-desired results at the end of it all. China became more unified and able to resist the aggressive invasion of Japan. China was able to participate in the fight against fascism. These policies helped to create a more unified China with a central unified administration that was closer to the people than the Chiang government that governed Shanghai Province. The policies also helped to recruit more members to the party with an estimated 1.2 million members controlling more than 90 million people. People had trust in the revolution and also trust in the leadership of the Communist party and that is why they supported it. After the fall of the defeat of Japan in 1945 by America, the Chiang government came to be recognized as the legal government of China and returned to Nanjing in 1946 with the support of Americans. Conclusion Efforts to form a coalition government between the two governments resulted in a civil war in which Nanjing was capture by the Community party in 1949 and by October the same year the Peoples Republic of China under Mao Zedong was born. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Mayor Rob Ford’s Ethical Issues Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Enlightened Self Interest 3. Hobbes’ Theory 4. Contractarianism 5. Ethics of Care 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction Rob Ford, the Toronto Mayor has been involved in various controversial incidents which have portrayed him negatively. Through his actions, he has shown that he is not committed to pledges he made to Toronto residents when he was sworn into office. He constantly sets a bad example to the public and this has turned him into an object of ridicule across the country. This paper will use different ethical theories to describe Mayor Ford’s lack of moral and ethical standards and how this situation has impacts on his leadership abilities. Enlightened Self Interest Using the enlightened self –interest theory, Rob Ford has demonstrated that he is not ready to serve the people of Toronto in a diligent manner. His actions show that he is not willing to safeguard the interests of Toronto residents despite the faith they had in him in the past. In addition, the social contract theory asserts that people should be more willing to accept some limits to their own personal freedoms to benefit the whole society. Surprisingly, Rob Ford was videotaped in public while consuming drugs yet he holds the highest position of responsibility in the city (Jones, 2014). Therefore, this shows that he uses his power negatively without caring about how his actions reflect on his own integrity as a leader. He is not fit to execute the functions of the office of the mayor and this has made him lose the support of other civil leaders who work with him. Hobbes’ Theory Thomas Hobbes argues that people should be ready to make sacrifices so as to encourage other people to do actions which are morally right. This argument compels leaders in different organizations to keep promises they make to people they lead without failing. However, Rob Ford’s behavior contrasts Hobbes’ theory because he has demonstrated that he lacks the moral values needed to execute mayoral responsibilities effectively. Furthermore, Ford has also demonstrated discriminatory tendencies towards gay people by refusing to permit the hoisting of the gay pride flag on top of city hall in solidarity with the gay community (Vissier, 2014). Therefore, the mayor has shown that he does not care about principles of equality as described in Hobbes’ theory and this makes him an ineffective leader. More importantly, he has shown that he lacks a strong moral foundation needed to lead the people of Toronto effectively. Contractarianism The theory by John Rawls focuses on the principles of tolerance, justice, fairness and equality. According to Rawls, people are more inclined to favor rules that allow them to get primary goods easily such as healthcare, acceptable freedoms and equal opportunities to make a living (Kheel, 2008, p. 57). However, Mayor Ford has demonstrated that he has does not respect these principles and he is not willing to use integrity as a basis through which his competence as a leader is measured. Ford has also shown that he is not accountable for his actions and he perceives people who disagree with him as enemies. Even though he claims that he is taking care of people’s interests, he has shown on more than one occasion that he is not ready to act as a respectable senior public officer. Therefore, Ford does not respect the principles of justice, tolerance and equality and this makes him an unsuitable leader. Ethics of Care The ethics of care requires a person to use his own instincts to respond to various situations without being influenced by specific moral codes (Slote, 2007, p. 67). This theory insists that people make their own choices freely and they need to give more consideration to the defenseless that may get harmed by such actions. Ford holds a position of responsibility and many young people in the city of Toronto view him as a role model. He is a public figure not only in the city but in the whole country yet his character portrays him as a person who does not care about his public image and reputation. If he adheres to important principles highlighted in the ethics of care theory he can become a better leader. He needs to be more attentive, responsible, competent and responsive to the wishes of city residents to improve his approval ratings. For instance, he uses inappropriate language in public and this shows he does not respect the position he holds. Conclusion Mayor Ford’s actions reveal that he lacks the moral capacity to execute his duties effectively. His actions have shown that he lacks the moral character and good judgment to continue serving as the mayor of Toronto. His actions have shown that he lacks the moral character and good judgment, which are essential leadership qualities a mayor should have. He is unwilling to follow the law and this makes him a bad role model to young people living in the city and other parts of the country. As a result, Toronto residents need to find ways of removing him from office so that they can elect a more honorable mayor. References Jones, A. (2014).Police describes Rob Ford crack video in newly released document. Edmonton Journal. Web. Kheel, M. (2008). Nature ethics . New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield. Web. Slote, M. (2007). The ethics of care and empathy. New York, NY: Routledge. Web. Vissier, J. (2014). Rob Ford not backing down from controversy says he can see ‘no reason’ to put up pride flag to support gay rights during Olympics . National Post. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
So far, there were few students groups who dress and look differently and they were similarly accepted by other groups. Nowadays, the situation has changed and one can notice a great diversity of students who want to reflect their attitude to life through what they wear and how they look like. Nevertheless, appearance should not influence the overall social acceptance. Teachers and ordinary students should not judge other groups on their style and clothes, but on their intellectual level, knowledge, and skills. Goth women and Jock Guys are greatly distinguished by appearances, communication, and academics. Despite the differences in looking and outlooks, these two groups have much in common. Unlike Goth students, Jocks are not distinguished by their bright appearance and make-up. To be more exact, they look too ordinary and old-fashioned, being obsessed with science, and other academic disciplines. Traditionally, they wear glasses, ties, and jackets to look smart. In contrast, Goth women prefer black colors and eccentric make-up; they have great amount of leather wearing. Hair dyed in black, macabre jewelry made of silver, some religious accessories – all these things are inherent attributes of gothic fashion. However, dark appearance should not be skeptically perceived by teachers because it has nothing in common with an academic process. The exaggerated obsession with an academic process makes Jock Guys detached from an ordinary student life comparing to Goth women. Hence, teachers are more focused on their achievements and research results, but not on their personality. This is why this group of students is more likely to conceal their emotions and feelings; they are reluctant to talk about something other than learning. Similar things can be noticed while talking to Goth students as teachers are subconsciously attached to their dark appearance rather than to what they think or what they want to say. In fact, Gothic style does not influence students’ intellectual level. On the contrary, they can turn out to be even more talented than ordinary students. It is not a surprise that Goth girls have difficulties in communicating with teachers and other groups of students. Similarly, Jock Guys are also skeptically accepted by students who prefer parties and mixing up with friends to learning. Perhaps, this is one of the common things present between those groups. For example, they are not good at communicating and prefer to stay aside from. This is why teachers often have troubles at establishing contact with those students as well. Both Goth girls and Jock Guys are introverts in nature; they are more obsessed with their inner feelings, goals, and intensions and, therefore, reluctance of other students to realize that makes them more reserved and aloof. Thought the groups under consideration differ much, they have much in common in terms of appearance, communication, and academics. What is more, they are sometimes wrongly accepted by teachers who treat them as their stereotypes dictate to do that. In this regard, outlooks, life position, behavior, and appearance should not affect communication between teachers and students. No matter how people look and how they express themselves, they should be equally treated and perceived. Besides, though Goth women and Jock Guys refer to different social groups, they have still much in common in terms of their problems with communication with the majority of ordinary students. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Boy vs. Girl” by Ken Macqueen Essay The article Boy vs. Girl written by Ken Macqueen (2003) is aimed at examining the meaning of gender differences in contemporary Western societies. In particular, the writer pays attention to the way in which the notions of femininity and masculinity have evolved. The author’s methodology is not clearly discernable. In particular, one can speak about the review of books and articles that supplement the writer’s arguments. However, Ken Macqueen (2003) does not explain why these particular sources were selected among others. Furthermore, the writer often relies on his own experiences while describing the impact of gender differences on the life of both men and women. Overall, Ken Macqueen (2003) expresses several arguments. First of all, he argues that for a long time, many social and political activists envisioned a community in which gender differences would no longer be relevant. This is one of the main themes examined by the writer. In fact, it was expected that these differences would be reduced only to physiological distinctions (Macqueen 2003). This view reflects the principles of feminist theory according to which social norms set for men and women are artificial constructed. However, these expectations did not come true. Certainly, there are some important changes. For instance, one can mention the use of unisex clothing which could be completely unacceptable in the first half of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, Ken Macqueen (2003) says that modern society is still marked by the notions of femininity and masculinity. For instance, the choices of study and employment can be explained by gender differences (Macqueen 2003). Thus, the author concludes that gender distinctions are recognized in the contemporary communities even despite the arguments of many activists who say that these differences are artificial. Reflection On the whole, the author’s analysis is not sufficient for making any generalizations about the way in which people perceive gender. The main limitation is that that the arguments are not always supported by empirical data. Admittedly, Ken Macqueen (2003) makes some references to psychological or social studies that can support his arguments. Nevertheless, in many cases, the writer just refers to the examples of separate individuals such as Hayley Wickenheiser who is a female hockey play. Certainly, these cases are very eloquent, but they cannot reflect wide social trends. Moreover, the writer speaks about the so-called Western society without mentioning that Western communities could have been shaped by different cultural or social norms. They can be very heterogeneous. These are some of the limitations that should be considered. Furthermore, while examining the concept of gender, Ken Macqueen leaves out such perspectives as social class, religion, or cultural background of various individuals. It should be kept in mind that very often, a person’s view on gender may depend on the educational or cultural background of his/her parents who act as the agents of socialization. This is why the impact of these factors should not be disregarded. Admittedly, Ken Macqueen’s arguments coincide with my own perceptions of gender differences. I also believe that gender distinctions will play an important role in the modern societies, even through people continuously emphasize the idea that these differences are usually irrelevant. However, I also understand that such claims must be supported in a more rigorous way; otherwise, their validity can be questioned. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward. Reference List Macqueen, K. (2003). Boy vs. Girl . Retrieved from https://www.macleans.ca/ | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Project Manager’s Leadership Skills Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Communication Skills 2. Team Building Skills 3. Delegation Skills 4. Creativity 5. Vision Formulation 6. References Communication Skills Project managers should possess several leadership skills in order to deliver positive results in a timely manner. Such attributes guide them to make appropriate decisions, empower others, address challenges, plan for activities, and promote communication processes. The first one is that of effective communication. Project managers lead many stakeholders, including workers, organizational leaders, customers, suppliers, and contractors. They should share ideas, insights, and vision with their groups or followers. The possession of appropriate communication competencies will, therefore, guide them to outline the intended expectations, engage in proper planning activities, and manage every aspect of the project efficiently. They will offer constructive feedback, lead every team effectively, and address emerging obstacles. Effective communication will result in attentive listening and ensure that all workers are motivated (Sipes, 2016). All stakeholders will feel empowered since the manager will address most of the challenges they face. This competence will also guide leaders to present appropriate information at different stages and levels of the intended project (American Nurses Association, 2015). Since many projects bring together many people from diverse backgrounds, the communication skills of the project leader will eventually result in improved performance. The leader will also address every issue arising from the members’ divergent opinions. Team Building Skills There are many individuals and stakeholders involved in every project. Members of different groups collaborate during every stage of the targeted project. The use of teams ensures that various activities are completed in a timely manner, including planning and monitoring. Therefore, it is necessary for project managers to be effective team builders. They will empower and encourage their followers to collaborate throughout the process. The possession of this skill will make it possible for the leader to meet the needs of individuals with diverse personalities. The team manager will also remain dynamic, identify the right vision, and solve emerging conflicts that can disorient performance (Sipes, 2016). They should examine the personalities, competencies, and weaknesses of their team members or followers. Such a practice will guide and empower the followers to deliver every intended objective. Delegation Skills Projects are usually characterized by numerous roles and activities that should be completed in a timely manner. A project manager needs to delegate such tasks to different employees, depending on their strengths, capabilities, and weaknesses. Leaders who possess adequate delegation competencies will ensure that specific obligations and activities are completed diligently. The manager will encourage members of staff to consider specific actions that can deliver the intended goals in a timely manner. The individual will go further to meet the unique demands of different followers (Synnott, 2014). They will also respond to emerging questions and offer appropriate advice. The possession of this skill will create the best environment whereby all stakeholders trust each other and focus on the best outcomes. Creativity The ultimate objective of every project is to transform a given situation by making it better, productive, or beneficial to different clients. This fact explains why project leaders should be creative in order to lead, plan, and manage the project successfully. This means that they should use their knowledge and philosophies to propose novel ideas. Managers should go further to encourage their followers to embrace such conceptions and support them accordingly. They should identify superior practices or approaches that can deliver the intended goal or vision. This ability is also relevant since managers who possess it to create teams that are capable of presenting evidence-based insights throughout the project period. They will go further to use available resources to empower their followers, solve most of the problems they face, and create a culture of creativity (Synnott, 2014). The targeted followers will work hard, solve emerging challenges, and propose ideas that can result in the effective management of every unscheduled task. When creativity becomes a driving force in a given project, the stakeholders solve problems faster, introduce new resources, and promote collaboration, thereby delivering the intended objectives within the stipulated period. Vision Formulation A competent leader in a given project understands how to formulate the best vision and share it with his or her followers. Since all projects tend to have different phases or stages, it is appropriate for managers to ensure that all stakeholders are aware of the intended objectives. The possession of adequate skills can empower project managers to visualize the final outcomes of the targeted project (Marquis & Huston, 2015). Such professionals will plan for every activity or resource, implement a proper communication plan, and convey the best vision to the targeted team. They should guide different stakeholders in order to ensure that positive results are recorded. Vision formulation is, therefore, a powerful skill that explains why competent project managers find it easier to identify emerging weaknesses that can affect performance (Synnott, 2014). This knowledge will guide them to introduce new ideas or improve the outlined vision in an attempt to record better results. This means that project managers should strive to develop this skill if they want to achieve their potential. References American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing informatics: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: ANA. Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Sipes, C. (2016). Project management for the advance practice nurse . New York, NY: Springer Publishers. Synnott, L. (2014). Setting the record straight: Why you need to learn project management. Physician Executive, 40 (2), 102-103. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Importance of Business Relationship Essay A business relationship is the rather complex multidisciplinary process of developing contacts among people in the working sphere. People’s communication is the obligatory matter in the process of business relations, as from the correct communication, from the ability to arrange the person in your favor the result of the common affair depends. The theme of communication in business is paid much attention to as the awareness in the sphere of business communication is closely interconnected with the success or failure in the affairs. The basis of communication should be studied during the Business and Economics classes as a successful business is impossible without contacts and contracts with people, without partners and without competitors, the right communication with which may lead to the privileges and advantages during business running. Having considered the articles about business and communication, the previous theses were confirmed. Alex Berenson (2009) in his article dwells upon the fact that crisis in the business is impossible to avoid without successful and correct communication. The inability to negotiate is the main problem in modern business and government relations. Listening is a significant part of communication as without listening to the partner it is impossible to construct a wise and thoughtful answer. Caroline Kennedy’s article (2008) is a great example of the help and the importance of communication, and at the same time, it is a lesson for those who are sure that it is easy to communicate. It is impossible to disagree that perfect, argumentative communication is hard to achieve and a lot of work should be done in order to be able to communicate without extra intentions and to be able to confirm people easily, to give them arguments with such tone and style of language that it is impossible to contradict. Having studied business and economics during the classes it became understood that communication in business is rather a difficult affair and that it should be studied paralleling with the problems of the economical themes. These problems should be taught to decide not only economically or by means of business measures, but also with the help of language. Business people should not only learn to communicate but also to avoid the problems of communication. It is impossible to predict all the situations and the inability of some people to lead the negotiations may irritate and create the problem. Problematic people should be avoid, the situations, when he negotiations may come out of control, should also be either reduced or at least limited as the human factor is unpredictable and it is impossible to know your reaction to this or that situation even if the bases for the communication have been learnt. So, communication is an essential part of people’s life in every sphere. The business communication is twice important as the wrong negotiations or the extra word may not only injure the relations between people, but also to spoil the business relations which may harm the business in general. Great deal of problems commonly appears not in the failure to lead the business, to provide the calculations, to create the business plan, but to run the negotiations, to provide the communication. To avoid such problems the communication in business should be studied during classes and the discussed articles gave us the opportunity to understand the problems which exist and to cope with them during educational process in order not to have them in real life. Reference List Berenson, A. (2009). A Year Later, Little Change on Wall St. Kennedy, Caroline. (2008). Zainab Salbi Helps Women Recover. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
American Stories for Secondary Education Classes Essay Table of Contents 1. Harriet Ann Jacobs 2. Washington Irving 3. Herman Melville 4. Works Cited Harriet Ann Jacobs Incidents in a Life of a Slave Girl is a revealing autobiographical account of a slave named Harriet Ann Jacobs under the pseudonym Linda Brent. The book offers an account of Linda’s life and eventual escape from her master, followed by continuous and fruitless attempts to free her children from prison with the help of another slave owner. The story contains numerous instances of graphic violence and illustrates the horrors and corrupting power of slavery for both its victims and proponents. Two aspects of the text will be especially appealing to students. First, the text combines the validity of a historical document with the engaging narrative of a fictional book. As the author herself puts it, “I have not exaggerated the wrongs inflicted by Slavery; on the contrary, my descriptions fall far short of the facts“ (Jacobs 5). While it is by no means easy to read due to numerous scenes of violence and physical abuse, the text is engaging enough to present an emotionally and psychologically challenging topic in an engaging manner and deliver its ideas to the readers. Second, despite its relatively old age, the book contains several aspects that remain relevant today, such as the misconceptions about slavery that can be traced to the racial stereotypes in modern society. The latter aspect can be successfully incorporated into the lesson as a way of addressing secondary educational objectives. Specifically, the students are expected to be able to discuss the misconceptions of the white population in the North regarding the inability of black workers to live a productive, independent life as well as their inherent traits such as dishonesty and immorality, and relate to the persistent concepts observed in the contemporary culture. In addition, the concept of corrupting power can be explored using the scenario where a supposedly benevolent slave owner Mr. Sands. Washington Irving Rip Van Winkle is among the best-recognized examples of American literature. The short story describes the adventures of a Dutch settler who lives idly in a small village in the times preceding the turmoil of the American Civil War and enjoys the simple pleasures of strolling through the woods, which provide him a way to “escape from the labor of the farm and clamor of his wife” (Irving 34). During one such walk, he enjoys a drink offered by a strange-looking man, falls asleep, and upon waking up, finds himself in a completely unfamiliar world. The story offers the readers a unique combination of compelling themes and an accessible and light-hearted narration style. The author brings up the themes of conflict between the old and the new world and explores the role of traditional values in people’s lives. At the same time, the protagonist emerges unscathed from the complex situation, which makes the text suitable for a wide range of audiences. The story is an excellent example of the Romantic period in American literature. As such, the text can be used as a source for analysis of characteristic attributes of the movement in the educational objectives. In addition, it can serve as an illustration of the inevitability of change and the consequences faced by those who try to evade it by escaping into their preferred environments. In other words, the manner in which Irving presents mature themes makes the book an excellent addition to the secondary education classrooms. Herman Melville Bartleby the Scrivener is an allegorical tale that explores human personality in a manner that is rather unusual for its author. The story describes a story of a scrivener employed by a lawyer who adopts a bizarre approach to his job by refusing to perform routines outside his expertise. Eventually, his refusal grows, as Bartleby stops performing his responsibilities and declines leaving the office, resorting to the phrase “I would prefer not to” and avoiding explanation by saying ”At present I prefer to give no answer” (Melville 15). The absurdity reaches its peak in prison, where he starves to death after preferring not to eat. The symbolic nature of the events depicted in the story makes the text compelling both from the emotional and analytical point of view. In other words, the students will readily engage in the conversation on Bartleby’s behavior both because it is outrageous and so blatantly counters the commonly accepted ethical norms. Besides, it is interesting to explore the polarizing effect of the book in the discussion sessions, since Bartleby’s position may be considered a weirdly justifiable one by some students. Two aspects of the text are particularly relevant for addressing the secondary education objectives. First, the text raises questions of morality and ethics from an unusual angle, which allows for the exploration of the concepts of responsibility, justice, and responsibility. In relation to this, the role of rules and order in the individual’s life can be evaluated as one of the objectives. Second, and, perhaps, more importantly, the author presents the idea of choice in an unusual way, which may be used to prompt the discussion of the justification of Bartleby’s “preferences,” and the responsibilities for the decisions. Works Cited Irving, Washington. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Other Stories. Race Point Publishing, 2017. Jacobs, Harriet Ann. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Boston Stereotype Foundry, 1860. Melville, Herman. Billy Budd, Bartleby, and Other Stories. Penguin Books, 2016. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Hunger Problem in the Modern World Definition Essay Table of Contents 1. Analysis of Hunger 2. Causes of hunger 3. Works Cited Analysis of Hunger Hunger is one issue that falls under food insecurity. In fact, it is the biggest problem facing any people in modern society. Failure to get enough amount of energy in a day as recommended by world organizations such as Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) is defined as hunger. An individual could be hungry for a day, a whole year, or several years. The persistent growth of hunger results to a state where there is no surety of accessing adequate amount of food. This impairs the normal health and development of people. Hunger makes a nation weak because people become tired, weak, malnourished, and in most cases, they lose concentration. The continued lack of food is dangerous, as the health specialists hold that under such circumstances, the body feeds on itself. This means that food stored in the body is converted to nutrients for use. This is where fats are converted metabolically to give energy. These conditions lead to death in extreme circumstances. Statistics from FAO show that in 2010, nineteen million people from developed countries were hungry. Latin America and the Caribbean had fifty three million people without food, and East Africa and North Africa accounted for thirty seven million people (Dole 17). Sub-Saharan Africa had the largest share of two hundred and thirty nine million out of the nine hundred million people who went without food in the world. Children are the most affected group. They are malnourished, which affects their health as UNICEF estimates that children in such conditions spent almost half of the year being sick. Deaths in children associated with malnutrition account for almost five million of the eleven million child deaths yearly. The impact of this is immense in Asia and Africa. Causes of hunger The causes of hunger are many and are common in all areas that are affected. Poverty is one of the leading causes of hunger in the world. The resources all over the world are inadequate while those that are available are poorly distributed. The UN report indicates that more than two million people in the world lived below one dollar a day in the year 2005. The same report highlighted that slightly more than a billion people were undernourished. Poverty remains the main cause of hunger despite the efforts made to alleviate the condition. The reasons for persistent hunger in the world are the harmful economic systems. The current political and economic systems control all the resources yet the principal foundations of those systems are based on power, military, and economic supremacy (Diamond 23). These systems ensure that the resources are controlled by few and as such, the majority is left to suffer. In other parts of the world such as Asia and Africa, hunger is caused by armed conflicts. Civil strives are frequent, which mainly arise from competing interests in political power circles and persistent military coups. The number of refugees is beyond manageable levels. This situation calls for countries to divert the resources that would be helpful in other sectors to taking care of the refugees. Conflicts result to poverty since people do not get time to settle and engage in food production activities. Climate change stands out as both a natural and manmade cause of hunger. Disasters that include floods, drought, and changing weather conditions have been mentioned as the factors behind the ever-changing patterns of climate and therefore farmers in the world are not able to make the right farming decisions. Works Cited Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs &Steel: the fate of human societies . New York: Norton publishers, 1999. Print. Dole, Bob. Ending hunger: A challenge to persons of faith . New York: Augsburg Fortress, 2010. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Obesity Research Writing Style and Strategies Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Writing style and strategies 3. Problems encountered 4. Similarities and differences of my work and work of others 5. Discussion Board response 6. Comment on other postings 7. References Introduction When writing a research paper, the writer/researcher should ensure that before starting the paper, he or she has done extensive research; the extent of the research depends on the depth of the analysis required. Before writing the paper, it is important to ensure that the right tone, mood, and language have been set to produce either an augmentative paper or a descriptive paper (Fleming, 2011). This report discusses the strategies and approach that I use when writing research papers; it will also look into the editing approach I used when revising the paper. Writing style and strategies The paper was an augmentative paper where I needed to collect data from secondary sources and base my augment. The topic of discussion was “Obesity problem in the United States,” there are numerous materials on the internet addressing these issues, however, the sources have a different reputation, and the ones to be used needed to be well scrutinized. On the internet, there are several personal comments and documentaries on the issues; however, these sources were disregarded since their quality could not be guaranteed. The main sources that were used came from institutional information, government press news, government institutions, scholar books, and journals, and peer-reviewed journals. After using the materials, they were cited using the APA system effectively (the entire paper was formatted as an APA style). After developing the materials to use, I focused on my topic where I compared different ideas, research, and viewpoints as brought about by the texts, I ensured that I used current materials since the trend in the issue is changing and needed updated information. I then came up with the draft that had major points and learning objectives; from the draft, I developed the final draft (Purdue online writing lab, 2011). Problems encountered The main problem that was uncounted when writing this paper is determining the material that had the most current and quality information; the figures given from different sources were different and I had to make a personal decision on the figures and specific materials I will use. I chose to follow the data offered by the Institute of Medicine. Similarities and differences of my work and work of others Two things are coming out from my analysis and that of my colleagues; that is obesity is on the rise in the United States however, it can be cured, prevented. Obesity can be done away with if people are well educated on good eating habits and physical exercises. The difference that my research had with that of my peers was the approach that we took, in Unit 2, I looked at the issue from a general point; however, in Unit three, I narrowed down to obesity in children and what the government can do; my approach aimed at adding more specific value to the solution of the problem. My peers retained a general view and approach to the problem. Discussion Board response Obesity is on the rise in the United States; the trend is not seen to end shortly; however if all Americans play their role, it can be ended in a short period. The areas that we need to address are nutrition and physical exercises. Comment on other postings I appreciate your postings and the way you suggest that obesity should be dealt with; however, the comments seem to assume the role young people can play to help the society fight obesity. The youth role should be guiding their siblings on the right feeding and physical exercising; it is likely to yield more results if they lead by example. The youth should also train their parents and community members on health, social and economic problems brought by obesity (Kopelman, 2005). References Fleming, G. (2011). How to Write an Argument Essay . Web. Kopelman, G. (2005). Clinical obesity in adults and children: In Adults and Children . New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing. Purdue online writing lab.(2011). The Argumentative Essay . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
How much does perception matter in SCM? Essay The key idea expressed in this case study is that the participants of the supply chain should take into account the views and perceptions of other partners while developing their policies and strategies (Bowon, 2005, p 271). It should be noted that the key purpose of this study was to determine whether positive perceptions of the distributor’s initiative affect the satisfaction of both suppliers and customers. The results of the survey confirm the initial hypothesis, advanced by the authors; moreover, they indicate that the participants of supply chain (customers and suppliers) attach importance to expenditure reductions and revenue enhancement since these initiatives of the distributor are related to the transactions and subsequently their bottom line (Bowon, 2005, p 272). The conclusions of this analysis can be of great avail to supply chain managers since they explain the priorities of customers, suppliers, and distributors. Nonetheless, one should not suppose that they are applicable to every kind of business. According to this study, process improvement or performance measuring are insignificant to the customers and suppliers. Yet, the attitudes of customers and suppliers may also depend upon the type of industry. For example, if we are speaking about the electronic commerce companies such as Amazon, we may argue that process improvement can be of crucial importance to the customers since this initiative can increase the speed of delivery and order processing (Schniederjans & Cao, 2002. p 35). As a matter of fact, continuous process improvement is a critical success factor for such enterprises and their clients do not always regard it as insignificant. Yet, the research methodology, proposed in this study can be of great use to supply chain managers since it allows them to make important decisions on the basis of scientifically-based findings, rather than conjectures. At this point we need to discuss the implementation and implications of VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) techniques and processes as they have a strong effect on every participant of the supply chain. The key peculiarity of VMI models is that the suppliers (i. e. manufacturers) are primarily responsible for the inventory of the distributor (Schorr, 1998, p 145). The adoption of VMI possible is possible only when the companies have a well-developed EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) system which gives online visibility of the distributor’s stock. The adoption of such model will be received favorable by both the suppliers because they would to lower manufacturing costs. Secondly, such an approach will enable the distributor to set lower prices for the goods. Such companies as Wal-Mart or Kmart implemented this system more than a ten years ago, and it greatly contributed to their growth (Schorr, 1998, p 145). The results of the analysis, presented in the case study can help the managers who try to map out the strategies of an enterprise. The research has demonstrated that revenue enhancement and expenditure deductions positively affect the satisfaction with the supplier’s job. Therefore, the managers should attempt to improve those aspects of the company’s performance which are directly related with the costs. For instance, by minimizing the cost of transportation, storage, or inventory turnover, the distributor would be able to set lower prices for a product, and this improvement initiative will definitely appeal to the customers. As it has noted before, the adoption of VMI model help the manufacturer to minimize the cost of production. Therefore, these innovations are likely to increase the suppliers’ and customers’ satisfaction with the distributor. Reference List Bowon. K. (2005). Supply Chain Management in the Mastering Business in Asia series . NY: John Wiley & Sons. Schniederjans. M. & Cao Q. (2002). E-Commerce operations management. NY: World Scientific. Schorr . J. (1998). Purchasing in the 21st century: a guide to state-of-the-art techniques and strategies. NY: John Wiley and Sons. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Research vs. Quality Improvement Difference Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Quality Improvement and Research Differences 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Applications 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Improving the quality of work and creating an efficient work environment requires various types of research. Specifically, qualitative and quantitative methods are often used to model and analyze scientific findings (Queirós, et al., 2017). Although quality improvement and research are both methods of gathering and using data, they possess profound differences. Quality Improvement and Research Differences Quality improvement and research are two approaches to obtaining data, but their purposes differ significantly. Quality improvement focuses on collecting data to achieve immediate results in a particular health care environment. Research is systematic data collection that contributes to generalizable knowledge (Carter, et al., 2021). Therefore, to distinguish between the two approaches, one must first question the aim of the scientific investigation. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Applications Qualitative and quantitative research are methods by which data is analyzed. Qualitative research is defined as research aimed to better understand a specific problem (Queirós, et al., 2017). It is mostly associated with social aspects of the investigation (Rutberg & Bouikidis, 2018). In the workplace, qualitative research could encourage programs to combat alcohol use. For example, management meetings where this issue could be discussed and evaluated. Quantitative research concerns obtaining precise and dependable measurements for statistical analysis (Queirós, et al., 2017). In the work environment, quantitative research that aims to contest alcohol use can come as surveys. Within my organization, these research methods were used as bullying in workplace preventive measures. Qualitative research was used in the form of open-ended questions that were presented in a natural setting. Quantitative research was employed by collecting pre-existing data records (data gathered previously for other purposes). The results of these researches, especially pre-existing records, could be used in various different health care facilities since they provide information regarding the most common signs of bullying within the workplace. Conclusion Research and quality improvement are two methods of data collection that serve different purposes. Qualitative and quantitative research methods help to structure and analyze the data. However, they also possess fundamental differences. In the workplace, these methods could be used to combat and evaluate such issues as alcohol use and bullying. References Carter, E. J., Usseglio, J., Pahlevan‐Ibrekic, C., Vose, C., Rivera, R. R., & Larson, E. L. (2021). Differentiating research and quality improvement activities: A scoping review and implications for clinical scholarship. Journal of Clinical Nursing , 30 (17-18), 2480-2488. Web. Queirós, A., Faria, D., & Almeida, F. (2017). Strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research methods. European Journal of Education Studies . Web. Rutberg, S., & Bouikidis, C. D. (2018). Focusing on the fundamentals: A simplistic differentiation between qualitative and quantitative research. Nephrology Nursing Journal , 45 (2), 209-213. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
History of the English Population during the 19th Century Essay An examination of the English population during the 19th century shows that from 1801 to 1901 the English population grew from 8.9 million to a staggering 32.5 million. This means that within the span of 100 years, or precisely 2 generations, the population tripled in size creating a unique problem within Great Britain. It must be noted that during the 19th century England was undergoing a distinct cultural and social change brought about by the industrial revolution. As populations grew so to did the various populations centers however instead of effectively spreading out people tended to concentrate themselves within particular centers leading to the problem of overpopulation. In 1798 the English economist and demographer Thomas Malthus stated with population growth following an exponential trend but with food production developing linearly, food demand would eventually outstrip food supply capacity resulting in mass starvation which would in effect naturally cull the population. While such an argument is inherently fatalistic, for me, it does indeed have some merit. While various critiques may state that Malthusian pessimism was proven wrong in the 19th century wherein instead of starvation massive migrations took place the fact remains that it is logical to assume that a closed off system with limited resources cannot hope to contain exponential population growth. I group myself among the Malthusian pessimists due to the irrevocable truth that the Earth is a closed off finite system of resources that cannot hope to endure consistent population growth. The fact is even now I can see the results of an overburdened ecological system with forests turning into deserts, harsh droughts and fierce storms being common and the inevitability of a culling of the population coming soon in the future. For me, the reason why Malthusian pessimism was shown to be faulty during the 19th century was due to the fact that it neglected to take into account the potential for populations to migrate to areas with more resources. My view takes into account the current global situation wherein humanity at the present does not have the means to merely transfer to another resource rich location. Based on humanity’s current technological level and the rate in which it develops, it is unlikely that the technology can develop to a point in the immediate future where people could easily just transfer to another planet. Not only are the distances infeasible but even if it were attempted only the smallest fraction of the current population could even do so. On the other hand various theorists, such as Lomborg state that the Malthusian premise regarding population growth and proper resource growth is faulty. They state that with developing technologies in food production the Earth itself could provide exponential growth in terms of food production as well. They cite technologies that have created greater harvests and faster growing rates for livestock. For me such a view, while based on scientific fact, is inherently naive since even if food production could be increased beyond a linear fashion the fact remains that exponential population puts far too much of a strain on the global ecology that eventually it can be expected that the planet’s ecology may fall under the strain. While such a view may seem to be fatalistic for me it is a realistic assumption of possible future events should exponential population growth continue. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Role of Theory in Health Promotion Research Paper Health promotion is “a strategy aimed at empowering people to improve their health” (Taylor, O’Hara, & Barnes, 2014, p. 285). The process focuses on a wide range of interventions that can support the health needs of the greatest number of people in a given community. In order to support the health goals of the targeted people, practitioners, social workers, and clinicians can embrace the use of an effective theory. A powerful theory makes it easier for practitioners to identify specific practices and initiatives that can meet the health needs of the targeted clients. Such a theory provides the required framework for judging or examining whether the required elements of a health promotion campaign are in place (Tengland, 2012). The individuals will then use the theory to promote the most appropriate behaviors in the society. Another unique observation is that a theoretical model presents evidence-based ideas that can be used to transform the experiences of a given population. The model guides different stakeholders, policymakers, and community members to embrace the best strategies that can address a given health problem. The stakeholders can go further to promote desirable practices that can result in health promotion. Golechha (2016) also believes that a theoretical approach guides different players to reject specific action plans that might affect the implemented health promotion plan. The selected theory should therefore be adjusted and followed depending on the targeted goals or objectives. The evidence presented by the theory will be used to develop a powerful model that can result in positive health results. The contexts and concepts of the selected theory will therefore be adapted in order to suit the targeted health objectives. Social workers and human services professionals can guide communities to deal with the diseases affecting them. These practitioners can use various theories in order to support the concept of health promotion. Some of these models include “social cognitive and ecological theories” (Edgar & Volkman, 2012, p. 4). Individuals who want to promote the health of a given population should use the theories to implement the targeted programs or projects successfully. The theories will then present evidence-based concepts that can be used to change the behaviors of the targeted population. The professionals will use the project to guide the members of the community in order to identify the best practices that can result in health promotion (Liberman, Golden, & Earp, 2013). Stakeholders who want to improve the wellbeing of a given population will begin by understanding its health needs. This information will ensure the best health promotion is developed. The most appropriate theory offers adequate guidelines that can be implemented depending on the unique needs of the targeted individuals (Davis, Campbell, Hildon, Hobbs, & Michie, 2015). The theory can be adjusted in such a way that it resonates with the changing needs of the community members. The use of theory is also advantageous because it can guide physicians, social workers, caregivers, and clinicians to have a common model for promoting health. The effective use of a specific theory will ensure sustainable programs are implemented. A theoretical model is also necessary because it informs the actions and initiatives undertaken by different professionals. By so doing, the most appropriate behaviors, evidence-based practices, disease prevention measures, and self-care strategies will emerge (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017). When used effectively, the targeted theory will definitely deliver positive health results. References Davis, R., Campbell, R., Hildon, Z., Hobbs, L., & Michie, S. (2015). Theories of behaviour and behaviour change across the social and behavioural sciences: A scoping review. Health Psychology Review, 9 (3), 323-344. Web. Edgar, T., & Volkman, J. (2012). Using communication theory for health promotion: Practical guidance on message design and strategy. Health Promotion Practice, 13 (5), 1-11. Web. Golechha, M. (2016). Health promotion methods for smoking prevention and cessation: A comprehensive review of effectiveness and the way forward. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7 (7), 1-6. Web. Liberman, L., Golden, S., & Earp, J. (2013). Structural approaches to health promotion: What do we need to know about policy and environmental change? Health Education & Behavior, 40 (5), 1-13. Web. Taylor, J., O’Hara, L., & Barnes, M. (2014). Health promotion: A critical salutogenic science. International Journal of Social Work and Human Services Practice, 2 (6), 283-290. Web. Tengland, P. (2012). Behavior change or empowerment: On the ethics of health-promotion strategies. Public Health Ethics, 5 (1), 140-153. Web. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017). Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice . Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Case Study Table of Contents 1. Problems 2. Interventions 3. Implementation 4. Evaluation 5. Work Cited Problems The greatest challenge in sports is to determine the person accountable for misconduct or team performance. Typically, the chain of command can determine who should be blamed for a various team or a specific team player’s misconduct. Sometimes players can cause misconduct, especially while on the pitch or on social media; this may result in the need for embracing disciplinary actions, but the question arises of who to punish for such misconduct. For example, the nature of misconduct can be related to the senior management leading to a chain of investigation to determine who to bear the punishment for specific egregious misconduct. The other problem is determining the person who shares the responsibility for conduct off the field, court, pool, or arena. There can be a chain of command concerning particular misconduct, which makes it difficult to link the responsible person. Violations repeatedly occur, and efforts to suggest the means of preventing unethical conduct in college sports are ineffective. However, investigating who shares the responsibility for unethical behavior can be the most challenging part due to widespread people engaged in particular misconduct. Interventions The immediate solution to the various challenges of sporting activities, especially in universities and colleges, should be guided by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Being a leading body for college sports activities should routinely sanction violations of rules related to various sporting activities such as recruiting, academic eligibility, and illegal payment (MacPherson and Kerr 110). It is important to understand that mistakes are part of being human. Some mistakes should be forgiven; other misconducts may lead to complete dismissal from the sporting activities. These solutions will be effective if the NCAA can set specific guidelines and rules about the remedy to various problems and misconducts ranging from players to the senior management. For example, the problem generated by a player’s misconduct should be evaluated in terms of originality to determine the specific person liable for such a challenge (Harper and Donnor 15). This will ensure practical analysis and each causative agent for both management and player. Implementation 1. The ultimate solution to these challenges lies with the nature of university-level leadership such as the body of trustees, president, and athletic directors. 2. These groups are responsible for ensuring an effective reporting platform for sporting misconduct to the influential body of trustees. 3. If the misconduct goes beyond the body of trustees and directors, they should bear the consequences. 4. These implications may result in practical personal responsibilities for the president, athletic directors, and trustees. They become more responsible in their oversight activities of the ethical misconduct within their sports and programs. 5. Both rewards and responsibilities should be extended beyond individual players, resulting in a change in the behavior, thus improving the sporting conduct. 6. The NCAA should work independently to promote effective execution of various responsibilities, such as establishing responsibilities and determining the charges in case of misconduct. Evaluation The measurement tool will be the nature of player conduct both out of pitch and while on pitch. To determine the impact of the predetermined solutions, there is a need to set a specific time frame based on the punitive measures being in place. Such as forgiving players or any other party based on the idea that human being is not perfect. Measurement tools depend on the nature of the chronic context in which behavior can be spontaneous. Setting specific guidelines such as the duration of a specific event, the framework, and frequency of distribution determines the critical consideration in implementing the various solutions. The NCAA may also focus on hiring coaches and investigating leaders who have professional etiquette. The results will focus on improving sporting activities through professional qualifications and ensuring better conduct for players and managers. There will be an improvement in players’ behavior if the solutions are well implemented without any biases. Work Cited Harper, Shaun R. and James K. Donnor. Scandals in college Sports . Taylor & Francis, 2017. Macpherson, Ellen, and Gretchen Kerr. “Sports fans’ responses on social media to professional athletes’ norm violations.” International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , vol. 19, no. 1, 2021. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Their decency is associated with the strength of their relations. They lead a thriving and admirable life. They are also famous and valued by neighborhood members (Capote 4). Moreover, they lead a regimented, but enjoyable and well-provided life. In my opinion, the family is a good example to the American family because it was a disciplined one. For instance, the time the girls got home was by ten during weekdays, and by twelve on Saturdays (Capote 7). In addition, Clutter is known by the neighbors in the surroundings to be a kind boss who ensured that his employees were responsible; hence, they served a good example to the Americans (Capote 10). Would justice have been served if Smith and Dick had been tried and sentenced separately? The initial idea of robbing the Clutters came from Dick (Capote15). Despite Smith wanting to back off when they failed to find the safe they had gone for, Dick urged him to hang about and pursue through. He lied to him that there were no witnesses, making him to commit the murders (Capote15). Smith did not intend to commit the crime. However, due to the hardships and frustrations he had come across in life, he found himself seeking for revenge. To my mind, Dick was more responsible than Smith was; hence, he deserved a harsher punishment. This would surely lead to justice. Comparison between Dick and Smith Smith was inventive, insightful, considerate, and smart. However, he comes from a distressed family (Capote 37). His reserved, insightful character contrasts Dick’s pretentious behavior. Dick is a self-confident, eloquent little criminal, who constantly conniving to make quick cash (Capote37). According to me, Dick is the worst of the two. This is because he had so many advantages in life, which he could have used in order to make his life better. Because of being financially irresponsible, he leads his life away from a firm childhood to a life of insignificant faults. In addition, being the initiator of the robbery at Clutters, he backs off when the time for murder comes. Hence, he avoids being the murderer and lays the blame on Smith. Hypocrisy Rarely do both Smith and Dick endure traditional religion. Dick was never induced by a conception of God, and regardless of Smith being temporarily influenced by the religious Willie- Jay, he could not find in his heart to pardon the nuns hypocrisy (Capote107). In the novel, religion is considered as a convenient tool of the wealthy and influential, and its account of decency excludes people like Smith and Dick. Hypocrisy can be seen in the sense that the two robbers are malformed from being cruel menaces and merciless individuals, whose dealings seem to disobey human judgment to burdened, sorry, completely civilized persons. The crime is made to look as a fundamental and literally reasonable set of emotional reactions. The novel seems to assert that criminality and wickedness are not different, but usual individual reactions. Lessons learnt It is clear that the American dream is delicate, and it only functions if trivial citizens are absent. For instance, Herb Clutter’s American view would not have been crushed if it were not for Smith and Dick. In addition, Smith’s character would not have changed if his mother were taking care of him well. I would advocate for our courts to be more reasoning and hold everyone responsible for their own actions. For instance, Smith did not deserve to die because of a crime initiated by Dick. In addition, I would advocate for change in the Child welfare department because, if at all they had been keen on the happenings, Smith would not have been raised by a drunkard mother and would not have been raised in orphanages where he was constantly mistreated, hence killing his vision in life. By doing this, the American dream cannot be shattered by some minor details like security and the aptitude to find out one’s own fate. Fox’s letter Fox’s letter marks the onset of killers. A letter from Mr. Fox portrays a request for forgiveness of the murderous acts. The fact that Perry had shared with Dick the act of killing a black man makes me doubt his allegations, because he ended up killing a dog. Additionally, the letter contains no truth in it because Cluter, who is so close to Mr. Fox, come from a background that does not uphold murder. However, there is a high possibility for the murderer to be a member of the house since the murderer knew the arrangement of the house. Therefore, this letter creates a gap between writings in the letter and the person’s own culture. This strikes us as naïve, has freshness of information, and a social interest that may prove difficult for us to share. Works Cited Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences . New York: Random House, 1966. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Rebellious Daughter Archetype in Movies Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the Archetype 2. Discussion 3. Analysis 4. References Introduction to the Archetype The “rebellious daughter” character is a sub-category of “the rebel” archetype, which is an archetype whose defining trait lies in a confrontation with the existing political, societal, race, and gender systems. As the name of the archetype suggests, the “rebellious daughter” is typically a young female character, whose rebellion is usually defined by her relationship with a parent, who represents an authority figure in a position to enforce his or her views upon the daughter character (Rodowick, 2014). Typically, the character is depicted as brash, young, yet somewhat naïve to the realities of the world due to having little experience in it. Gender expression and sexuality often serve as points of contention between the parent character and the rebellious daughter, but, unless the entire story is based around exploring these concepts, they rarely serve as the main driving points behind the “rebellion,” and usually serve to enhance the image. The purpose of this paper is to analyze three examples of the “rebellious daughter” archetype: Veda from “Mildred Pierce” (1945), Barbara Gordon from “Batman” (1966), and Elizabeth Swan from “Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl” (2003). Discussion Veda is the oldest daughter of Mildred Pierce, who serves as an antagonist to her mother both physically and morally, as her purpose is to provide a selfish and self-serving personality to oppose that of a dutiful mother represented by Mildred. She is a two-faced character, adopting various masks when needed, and putting personal wealth and accommodation above all else. This is exemplified in the scene, where she complains about the dress her mother bought her, after not batting an eyelash upon hearing the news about her mother’s impending divorce (Curtiz, 1945, 00:27:00-00:28:16). This character defines the typical standards of “rebellious daughter,” as her confrontation with her mother is not morally justifiable. Her character was influenced by the Great Depression, as poverty and the need to force the worst qualities of people into the light. Barbara Gordon is a classic example of a “rebellious daughter.” Her purpose in Batman is to serve as an action girl and a sidekick to Batman while appealing to the female audience. Her “rebellion” is not so much against her father, Commissioner Gordon, but rather against the stereotype of a helpless damsel in distress. When she is captured by Penguin, who wants to force her to marry him, she manages to escape (Martinson, 1966, 00:10:59-00:11:50) and even fights the villain, becoming Batgirl. Barbara’s proactive position in the movie signifies changes in the society that happened during 1966 when women started taking a more active role both in society and cinematography alike (Rodowick, 2014). Elizabeth Swan has a similar role to Barbara in terms of her purpose in the movie – her role is being a sidekick to the leading male characters, serving as an enabler, but not as the main character in her own right. She rebels against the corrupt practices of her father and helps the main heroes escape by faking to have fainted (Verbinsky, 2003, 02:06:23-02:08:46) to stall the guards and buy some time for Will Turner to rescue Jack Sparrow. Later on, she denounces her pre-arranged marriage and escapes with Will. Her rebellion is against society and its predetermined roles for women as subservient creatures. The movie itself was filmed in 2003 when the existing political conjuncture towards women was only resurfacing. As such, she was cast into the role of a supporting character and an obligatory love interest for the leading male hero. As time passed and new movies came out, Elizabeth’s character transformed from a sidekick into an independent character, eventually becoming the new Pirate Queen. Analysis What the three examples presented above have in common is that in every scenario the “rebellious daughter” takes a proactive position to try to change her future for what she perceives to be better. However, these examples also differ in very significant ways. In all three cases, the rebellion is largely defined by the character’s relationship with the authority figure – in “Mildred Pierce,” the daughter plays a negative role and confronts her mother, while in “Batman,” Barbara does not necessarily confront her father, instead of wanting to show him that she can take care of herself. In “Pirates of the Caribbean,” Elizabeth confronts her father, who serves as a physical representation of the unjust society. In all three cases, however, the characters feel righteous about their decisions. Even Veda, who does morally reprehensive and questionable deeds throughout the movie, justifies her struggle by not wanting to live in poverty. The message delivered by the “rebellious daughter” often depends on the intent the authors have for the character. As it was demonstrated in the following three examples, while the archetype is usually treated as a minor protagonist, it can also be used to antagonize the main hero, especially in cases where the rebellion is motivated by selfish and self-serving purposes. In some ways, the “rebellious daughter” was a stepping stone from a damsel in distress towards a self-sufficient and independent female character. The emergence and popularity of the archetype coincide with the more active position women have taken up in society (Rodowick, 2014). While in many cases they are still subservient and supporting characters to the leading male cast, the motive of rebellion against the existing laws and rules of the society managed to transform cinematography into a more equal and inclusive industry, where all genders are allowed to shine. References Curtiz, M. (Director). (1945). Mildred Pierce [Video file]. Web. Martinson, L. H. (Director). (1966). Enter Batgirl, exit Penguin [Video file]. Web. Rodowick, D. (2014). The difficulty of difference: Psychoanalysis, sexual difference, & film theory. New York, NY: Routledge. Verbinsky, G. (Director). (2003). Pirates of the Caribbean: The curse of the Black Pearl [Video file]. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
“Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown” by Virginia Wolf Essay The major focus of the essay by Virginia Wolf titled Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown is the consideration of a character in literature in the context of analyzing the works and literary techniques used by the novelists that were contemporary to Wolf. Accordingly, the author divides the recent novelists into two groups being those who worked before and after 1910 and calls these groups according to the names of British kings that rule before 1910, i. e. Edward VII, and after that year, i. e. George V: “Mr. Wells, Mr. Bennett, and Mr. Galsworthy I will call the Edwardians; Mr. Forster, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Strachey, Mr. Joyce, and Mr. Eliot I will call the Georgians” (Woolf, 1966, p. 319). Further on, Woolf (1966) moves to asserting that the year 1910 brought changes to the human character, and the influence of the social, political, and religious factors that conditioned the mentioned change could also be observed in the literary works by Edwardians and Georgians. One of the examples that Virginia Woolf poses for the readers is Mrs. Brown, an imaginary character of an elderly lady that Woolf considers to be an illustration of the shift in the human nature that marked the end of the Victorian era in Great Britain. Mrs. Brown is, to Woolf, an example of how the modern fiction that she calls Georgian, differs to the better from the Victorian or Edwardian novelist movements. Although, noting the “fragments and failures” of the modern fiction she defends, Woolf sees bigger evil in the Edwardian “self-contained” literature and characterizes this opinion of hers the description of Mrs. Brown: “She was one of those clean, threadbare old ladies whose extreme tidiness—everything buttoned, fastened, tied together, mended and brushed up—suggests more extreme poverty than rags and dirt” (Woolf, 1966, p. 320). Finally, Woolf’s portrayal of Mrs. Brown allows understanding why this imaginary character is a better illustration of the literary developments and shifts in the human nature than, for example, Captain Ahab. Mrs. Brown is a more diverse and broad character meaning that her only example allows Woolf to illustrate her whole point better than long and extended theoretical explanation. Mrs. Brown is thus seen as the embodiment of the complete but too inhumane social order that Edwardians depicted in their works. At the same time, Mr. Smith, Mrs. Brown’s counterpart, is something like the representation of the new age of human nature labeled Georgian by Woolf. Works Cited Woolf, Virginia. “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown.” Collected Essays . Ed. Leonard Woolf. Vol. 1. London: Hogarth, 1966. 319-337. 4 vols. 1966-67. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Franklin Roosevelt and The New Deal Presentation The New Deal * Was initiated by Franklin Delano Roosevelt; * He was the 32nd president of the United States; * He governed from 1933 to 1938; * His administration inherited the devastation of the great Depression; * The great depression commenced in 1929 with the stock market collapse. Franklin Delano Roosevelt-The New Deal President- Born 30th Jan 1882-Died April 12 1945 Economic Objectives of the New Deal The strengthening of the economy though: * The empowerment of the American people; * Dealing with the devastation of the great depression through immediate relief; * Supporting workers; * Boosting agriculture; * Boosting the production of electrical power; * The generation of jobs for the people; * Encouraging spending so as to stir up the economy; * Prevent bank panic; * Restore stock market confidence; * Protect American industries from total collapse; * Uphold the emerging economic authority of the United States. The ills the New Deal Sought to Heal Dorothea Lange’s Migrant mother photograph during the great Depression Joblessness Joblessness Life was Even Worse for the recently Freed Slaves…After long periods in slavery while the rest had freedom, FDR understood why African Americans were poor. They had been denied freedom and not because they were unable. The Poverty was Eye Catching The New Deal President Had to Deal with This too The Strategy Identified To deal with The Economic Concerns of the Time Putting cash in the pockets of Americans (The Equivalent of President Bush and President Obama’s Stimulus Package). Government funding for massive projects in various areas such as electric energy, water and irrigation, and industry in general. Direct support for workers, professionals and farmers. Twelve Major New Deal programs * Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA); * Public Works Administration (PWA); * Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA); * Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); * Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC); * Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC); * National Recovery Administration (NRA); * Works Progress Administration (WPA); * Rural Electrification Administration (REA); * National Youth Administration (NYA); * Wagner Act; * Social Security Act. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Was created as the Emergency Relief Administration in 1932 by President Herbert Hoover. It was given the new name under president Roosevelt in 1933 . The purpose was to give grants to states to help women start self help projects. It was replaced by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in 1935. which also ended in 1943. Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) * This was established in the 31st of March 1933. * This was FDR’s first month in office. * The CCC provided work opportunities mainly for unskilled youth. * The major work was construction of buildings and working in national parks. * The program ended on the 30th of June 1943. Works Progress Administration (WPA) It replaced the federal Emergency Relief Administration in 1935 (Taylor 21). The aim was to create jobs for the people (Taylor 20). By the time it was ended in 1943,close to eight million jobs had been created by the WPA. Public Works Administration (PWA) * Created in response to the great Depression in 1933 by the National Industrial Recovery Act. * It concentrated on heavy spending in public works such as bridges and roads so as to trigger industrial growth. * It ended in 1939. * Below: Fort Peck –Montana, one of the largest dams in the planet resulted from PWA. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) * Created in 1933 to pay farmers to produce less and raise crop value. * Was amended in 1938 to include new changes that outlawed taxing crop processors. * The agency still exists. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) * Created on the 18th of May 1933. * Main objective was to control flooding along the Tennessee River and generate electric power. * The project still exists. * Below: Wilson Dam-First to be built under the TVA. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) * Established in 1933. * Aim was to provide security for deposits for member banks. * It still exists for the same purpose. * More duties include supervision of certain financial institutions. The Wagner Act * Enacted in 1935 under the sponsorship of Senator Wagner. It is also called the National Labor Relations Act. * It was formed to protect workers on private firms from being mistreated. * It was amended in 1947 and it still exists. * Below: FDR sings the Wagner Act 19 1935. The Social Security Act * Enacted in 1935 with the aim of protecting the old, needy families, the disabled and the unemployed. * It has been amended but it basically remains the same. Medicare and Medicaid are part of the act currently. * It still exists. * Below: First beneficiary of Social Security-Ida Fuller. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) * Formed in 1933. * Declared unconstitutional in 1935 by the US Supreme Court. * It died in 1935, but most of its provisions reappeared in the Wagner Act. * Below: First NRA Director, Mr. Hugh Johnson. National Youth Administration (NYA) * Formed as part of the WPA in 1935. * It’s aim was to offer work study programs for high school and college students. * It died in 1943. * Below: NYA Guidance session. Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Was created by an executive order in 1935 by FDR and approved by the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (Brown 19). The aim was to spearhead the electrification process of rural America (Brown 34). It worked hand in hand with TVA and other New Deal Job creation ideas and achieved massive success. It was abolished in 1994 and its place was taken by the Rural Utilities Service. Works Cited Brown, Deward. Electricity for Rural America: The Fight for the REA (Contributions in Economics and Economic History). New York: Greenwood Press,1980.Print. Taylor, David . Soul of a People: The WPA Writers’ Project Uncovers Depression America New York: Wiley & Sons, 2009.Print. www.en.wikipedia.org | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Ways of Families Construction Report (Assessment) Guest’s chapter on kinship describes a variety of ways that families are constructed around the world. It also discusses the impact of new technology and customs on the way that people define their families (Guest 349-391). As in the chapter on ethnicity, Kenneth Guest asserts that kinship is socially constructed rather than necessarily based on biology (Guest 237-267). There is a very interesting discussion of transnational adoption, an issue that has affected my home country (Guest 385). It is a subject that people often wonder about, since adopted Chinese children enter families that do not look like them, and share no heritage with them. Who will they think of as their family? Benedict Anderson, in his introduction, defines and discusses his idea of imagined communities, which is his way of describing a nation in the modern sense of the word. He makes the point that nationalism is a recent phenomenon (Anderson 1-7). He also makes the point that Marxism was supposed to eliminate national distinctions (Anderson 3). All workers, according to Marx, were to be in solidarity with one another, rather than affiliated mainly with their country (Marx n.pag.). However, in recent centuries, as he notes and as one can infer from the news, nationalism has become more prominent than ever, even in countries with Marxist governments (Anderson 2) Benedict Anderson’s chapter on the roots of nationalism asserts that there were two previous models for creating big communities. One was religion. More specifically, Anderson suggests that the great religions that had a special language associated with them were most successful at creating great big communities across great distances (Anderson 13). It was very interesting that one of these that he cited was Mandarin Chinese. This is still a major language in China. The other model was what Anderson calls dynasty. This is the tendency of people to think that the right model for government is led by one person, with a hierarchy underneath him (Anderson 19). The author points out that at the same time that both religious communities and dynasties have lost power, nationalism has grown (Anderson 36). Thus, like ethnicity, is something that is not a biological characteristic (Guest 195). Instead it is something that has been created by people themselves. The chapter by Talal Asad on the genealogies of religion is very complicated to read. It is also very interesting. It includes a great deal of analysis of the theories of other anthropologists on the subject of religious experience and authority. He concludes that religious symbols are not easily understood unless they are studied in the context of daily life (Asad 27-55). This actually sounds very much like the ideas that were discussed earlier in the semester from. According to what has been previously assigned, what people do over and over again must have some positive relationship to their daily lives and the success of their communities (Salzman 30). Thus, the challenge is to understand how religious rituals, practices, and beliefs function in people’s lives. Taylor’s chapter on secularism references other scholars and assumes the reader’s familiarity with at least one of the major world religions (Taylor 31-53). This makes it a bit challenging to read for someone who has few previous experiences of religion: none of them pleasant or fulfilling. The author also refers back to Benedict Anderson’s writing about the origins of nationalism in the decline of religion (Anderson 9-36). Here again, the author makes a case that a practice, in this case, secularism, has to function in order to persist. The author asserts that a new kind of secularism, one of “overlapping consensus” will replace earlier kinds of secularism (Taylor 52). Both this and the earlier forms, it seems, from the writings of Salzmann, would have to function to benefit the community, in order to survive, like any other form of behavior (Salzman 30). Taylor makes the point that secularism was a way to avoid further Wars of Religion (Taylor 32). , and perhaps a new form of secularism of “overlapping consensus” will help to avoid future such wars (Taylor 53). Works Cited Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Revised Edition . London: Verso, 2006. Print. Asad, Talal. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Print. Guest, Kenneth. Cultural Anthropology: A Toolkit for a Global Age . New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2013. Print. Marx, Karl. “The Communist Manifesto.” 2014. Web. Salzman, Phillip Carl. Understanding Culture: An Introduction To Anthropological Theory . Prospect Heights: Waveland, 2001.. Print. Taylor, Charles. “Modes of Secularism.” Secularism and its Critics . Ed. Rajeev Bhargava. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Solving the Problem of Driver Distraction Essay One way to minimize distracted driving might be to employ creative technological solutions. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood has been discussing a chip that will turn off the driver’s phone while he is behind the wheel with car-producing companies. However, a similar result can be achieved by using GPS-synced apps, which will track the position of the car and the driver’s phone, preventing texting and calls while the car is moving. Such a solution would be much more elegant as it would require no additional hardware and take much less effort to develop. The problem with this solution is the lack of onboard computers in many modern-day cars. However, it can be easily overcome by offering drivers charging devices with GPS-tracking capabilities, which can substitute any hardware lacking. Such stations can be produced cheaply and distributed through automobile accessories stores. They can also be outfitted with additional functionality, like GPS signal amplification and a stand to hold the phone being used as a navigator, making the device more convenient for the drivers thus making them more likely to use it. The technological solution is undoubtedly the easiest way to enforce the legislation by making it almost impossible to violate. Another way to make sure people stay focused while driving is to make insurance companies provide the incentive for drivers to do so. It was the research by insurance companies funded Highway Loss Data Institute which compared crash rates from states prohibiting and allowing texting while driving and found that there was no improvement. The insurance companies are bothered by the issue. With governmental approval, the companies can start to punish the repeated offenders by increasing their insurance payments. As senior vice president for research with the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Anne McCartt noted drivers are aware that driving while using a phone is not safe That means all they need to stop is a good incentive. And the fear of increased insurance rates seems like a convincing argument to stop texting and driving. Combining this solution with the software described above can allow companies to not only penalize but also encourage diligent drivers by giving them a discount for using the software and submitting the data it gathers to the company. That will give drivers a good reason not to use their phones behind the wheel without abusing legislation and constant fear of punishment. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
There has been a general belief in the United States and many other countries around the world violence against women is just as prevalent as violence against men. These scholars set forth to dispel this myth and to give more insight into the issue of violence against women, and how power and gender play off in the current society. The world has experienced massive changes in the social structure. Various countries have seen the position of women in the society in terms of power and related facets. Women empowerments, gender equality, empowering the girl child are terms that are common, and reflect the shift of power, from an all-powerful man, to a society where both genders are empowered. Power in relation to gender is something that has been there since time in memorial. Gender in this context refers to the state of being a male or a female and their social roles as determined by their mental, physical, and behavioral character. For a long time, power was based on the physical strength of an individual, and for that matter, men were considered more powerful (Connell 21). This has changed a great deal. This paper seeks to define gender and power given the current societal context based on the analysis given by the above mentioned scholars. Dobash, Margo and Daly hold that women are yet to gain power in the modern day society (79). Power in the past years was associated with men in the society. In various fields, from politics, religion, and culture or family, men would dictate how things would be done, while women were viewed as being weak, and their opinions were less valued. In those past years, women were strictly given no audience in any social gathering. Their role was restricted to taking care of the domestic chores and most importantly, taking care of the interests of their husbands. All along men have been viewed as having the potential and ability to be dominant in all aspects of life while a woman’s role was to respond to men’s decision (Morris and Tahira 29). This has for a long time undermined women and lowered their esteem in the society. In many societies around the world, women would never be given any position considered powerful. They have for a long time been sidelined and placed at the receiving end. There was a massive distinction between the two genders. Men were would always have their way in most of the events, and the society felt this was normal. Power and authority was generally believed to be a preserve for men. Dobash, Margo and Daly demonstrate this is their analysis (79). Connell (56) argues that an analysis into gender and power demonstrates that symmetry of power between the two genders is yet to be achieved. The scholar brings out the fact that women in the modern days should bring out their best in all they do; and that women have as much power just as men (Connell 56). In the past, women would never be allowed to hold any serious position in the society. This has changed with time. It is coming out clearly from this show, that women are acquiring power, and that they are becoming conscious of their capabilities. Women today can openly hold social gatherings to discuss their issues. In addition, in politics, women are taking part and the position of women and power has completely taken another course in the society. Women like Hillary Clinton and Michelle Obama of the United States have been mentioned frequently in this show as women who have demonstrated that power is not a preserve for men. The show has used Condoleezza Rice as women who have inspired others to gain power irrespective of their gender. Women have realized that there is an inner power in them that can make them achieve the best of the resultsThis has given them the desire to know more, learn, and earn respect in the society. It has also raised the women esteem in the society, as they now feel free to meet and share about how their husbands are treating them and the progress of their family as a whole (Morris and Tahira 113). For this reason, women have derived so many ideas from her and have now become more confident that they can do even much more. The place of women is now not just in the kitchen. Their eyes are now open and many are now determined to advance their career and to have power just as much as men. Kimmel and Holler (221) women have potential that when natured, can deliver good results in the society. The notion that women are weak is not true. Yes, they may not be as masculine as men are, but this should not make them be viewed as weaker parties in various respects within the society. Women can make key decisions, they can take care of families, they can make good political leaders, and this demonstrates that power is not a preserve of any of the genders. Works Cited Connell, Raewyn. Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007. Print. Dobash, Emerson, Margo Wilson and Daly Martin. “ The Myth of sexual symmetry in marital violence ,” In Gender Relations in Global Perspective: Essential Readings, ed. Nancy Cook, 173-184 . Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc, 2007. Internet Source. Web. Kimmel, Michael and Holler Joseph. Separate and unequal: The Gendered world of work In the Gendered Society, 213-240 . Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2008. Internet Source. Morris, Marika, and Tahira Gonsalves. Women and poverty. Toronto: Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, 2005. Print. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Question of the Impact of Medical Melodramas Coursework The topic of my research is “Medical melodrama.” I narrowed it to “Are medical melodramas simply a means of entertainment, or can viewers learn something from them?” I want to investigate this question because I wonder whether those who criticize such TV shows for being unrealistic are right or wrong. A lot of people watch medical melodramas, and I think that the results of my research might be quite interesting to them. With this aim, I want to perform some research and look for scholarly articles discussing this issue. I think that ten articles will be necessary to investigate the topic. I will use Google Scholar search to find the material. I will try searching with the help of the following keywords: medical melodrama, medical drama, House, M.D ., Grey’s Anatomy , medical TV show, and medical mystery. With the help of these search terms, I will look for the material for my research. I am going to limit search results by 2012 as I want my sources to be most relevant and up-to-date. c to my research topic. I will analyze each of the articles to see how they relate to my paper. If some source does not contain any significant data, I will continue my search to find a more suitable one. After analyzing the sources, I will be able to check my hypothesis and see what opinions about medical melodrama prevail. I will conclude whether medical melodramas are only performing the function of entertainment or if they can teach the viewers something about real medicine. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Comparison of “Hills Like White Elephants” and “Good People” Essay Ernest Hemingway and David Foster Wallace’s short stories are very similar because they raise the same topic, use the setting of nature to convey mood, and tell similar stories. However, the characters of “Hills Like White Elephants” and “Good People” have different paths to making the decision. While both couples decide in favor of abortion at first, Jig and the American man are guided by their feelings and romantic relations, while Lane and Shari are pressured by their religious principles. At first glance, Hemingway and Wallace’s stories have many similarities, since they tell about a couple facing the issue of unwanted pregnancy and abortion and use the setting to convey mood. In both cases, men are more worried about the likelihood of becoming a father, although girls also have many doubts. Both men also do not force their women to undergo the procedures, and the word “abortion” is not mentioned directly. Both couples decide to have an abortion after a tense and uncomfortable conversation at first, although the decision does not seem final. At the same time, in Hemingway’s story, the hot and dry plain and white hills are described to convey the tension of the situation (253). Wallace uses a more pleasant landscape, but a fallen tree in the water and “its ball of exposed roots going all directions” add gloom to the scene as well as the emptiness of the park (para. 1.). Consequently, the stories share common characteristics that make them very similar in many ways. However, one can observe significant differences in the relationship of couples and circumstances that impact their decision. Lane and Shari are both religious people who have been in a relationship for a short time. They both feel guilty because they violated the prohibition on intimate relationships before marriage and decided to make the more serious sin of abortion in terms of religion (Wallace para.3). At the same time, Jig and the American man are guided by their feelings and happiness of free life to decide (Hemingway 255). At the same time, although Jig does not mind becoming a mother, she is afraid that such a decision will ruin her relationship with the man. For this reason, the choice for Lane and Sheri seems more complicated, since both options have more severe consequences for either career and the future or the fundamental principles of their life. In addition, the difference between couples is the feeling of love that guides them. Jig agrees to the procedure to keep the relationship with the man the same, and they both openly talk about love for each other (Hemingway 255). At the same time, although readers do not know how this situation will affect the characters, they can conclude that Jig agrees for the sake of love. At the same time, Lane and Sheri are considering having an abortion because Lane does not love Sheri, and the girl cannot oblige him to stay with her because of the baby (Wallace para.5.). However, in Sheri’s final decision to keep the baby and Lane’s subsequent doubts, they demonstrate that refusal to abortion can be their way in the name of love (Wallace para.5 ). Thus, while love plays a central role in both situations, it leads the characters’ stories to different endings. Thus, the analysis demonstrates that although the authors use the same theme for their stories, the characters’ development is significantly different due to the feelings and beliefs that guide them. Jig and American man make decisions based on their vision of happiness, while their religious principles influence lane and Sheri. At the same time, love has different effects on couples, although it is central to decision-making. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway . Simon and Schuster, 1995. Wallace, David Foster. “Good People.” The New Yorker, 2007, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The area of the Senegal River is traditionally associated with the abundance of fish, wildlife, grazing land, and vegetation, with the most remarkable being acacias. The ecosystem is reminiscent of the Nile, as floodwaters of the river irrigated a vast land area making it fertile and supporting indigenous communities (Kotschoubey). The floodwaters were also beneficial for several species of fish and shrimp, as they served as a nursery home for juveniles. In short, the Senegal River Delta is a fragile ecosystem that can be easily disrupted by human activities. In recent years, the ecosystem has been severely disturbed to the level of becoming endangered. According to Kotschoubey, the primary reason for the degradation of the area is the lack of water due to human activity. Indeed, the construction of dams and roads can severely affect water routes making ecosystems change accordingly. Another reason for environmental changes is intensive agriculture, as irrigation canals are built to support crop yields (Kotschoubey). These canals and new fields also interfere with the natural water flow, causing extended droughts. As annual floods decrease in volumes due to the disruption of natural water routes, more saline water of the Atlantic Ocean penetrates the land (Kotschoubey). Ocean waters pose a threat to the drinking water supply and agriculture in general. In short, the central problem with the ecosystem of the Senegal River is the alteration of the natural river flow. Special attention needs to be paid to the effect of intensive agriculture and livestock exploitation. The problem is acacia forest devastation due to the need for new fields for crops and cattle food. Deforestation has caused decreased biodiversity, and some animals and birds that helped to maintain the ecological balance disappear. Moreover, intensive agriculture is associated with the use of fertilizers that disrupt natural biogeochemical cycles, which can cause severe environmental problems, such as the disappearance of vegetation cover, soil erosion, and reduction of fauna. Due to the rapid environmental degradation of the region, the situation has to be addressed to save the ecosystem from disappearance. Even though the problems described above are difficult to overcome, there are ways of restoring the ecosystem. The only way to preserve the Senegal River Delta in its natural state is to let the water back into the basin. The exact measures are described and assessed by Kotschoubey and seem to be feasible. However, there is a consideration to be made in terms of the financial aspect of the measure. As the International Union for Conservation of Nature has included Senegal River acacia forests in its top ten most threatened ecosystems, the place is becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, it can be positioned as a tourist attraction, and the raised money can be used to restore the environment. In short, even though the matter requires considerable investments and efforts, the Senegal River Delta can be returned to its natural state. Works Cited Kotschoubey, Nicolas. “Rehabilitation of the Ecological Functions of the Senegal River Delta.” Business and Public Administration Studies , vol. 11, no.1, 2017, Web. International Union for Conservation of Nature: Red List of Ecosystems . IUCN, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Device 1: Stingray 2. Device 2: The Peacemaker 3. Device 3: The Negotiator 4. Conclusion 5. References One of the primary characteristics of the contemporary world is its rapid technological development and progress. The newest and more advanced technologies emerge every year and quickly penetrate all spheres of human life. Technologies have become an essential aspect of a variety of public and private services, healthcare, transportation, education, science, military organizations, and of course, law enforcement. There is a multitude of the most recent inventions designed to provide law enforcement with better capacities, faster reactions, sharper vision, and more effective capture and interception tactics. For the modern police departments and officers, the technologies are just as crucial as for the rest of the world as they significantly increase the efficiency of their day to day work and ensure a higher level of safety for the population. Device 1: Stingray After the release of a series of crowd-control devices such as the LRAD acoustic cannon that induces instant headaches, Puke Ray that causes projectile vomiting by means of multi-color light flashes, and Ray Gun that produces hot electromagnetic beams, the inventors presented Stingray (Siegel, 2014). This device is designed to provide crowd-control in a much smarter and informative way. Stingray imitates a cell tower so that the mobile phones around begin to send data about calls to the device (Siegel, 2014). Stingray is a powerful device and has faced both appraisal and criticism for its features. First of all, Stingray’s primary function is to empower the police to equip them with the information and awareness of the situation around all the potential dangers a location may hold. On the one hand, this ability is quite useful in terms of public safety and the maintenance of control and order. On the other hand, Stingray is able to collect private information. That is why the departments that currently use this device are obliged to sign non-disclosure agreements with their manufacturer (Siegel, 2014). Device 2: The Peacemaker The Peacemaker combines a simplistic and highly technological approach. This device represents surveillance equipment for the crime-fighting. The Peacemaker is a vehicle covered in armor that has big red letters on the side saying that the neighborhood is under video surveillance. Another sign of the front of the vehicle says, “Whatcha gonna do when we come for you?” (Storm, 2012, para. 1). This car is a former SWAT truck converted into a modern surveillance and warning device. Parked in neighborhoods with high rates of crime, the Peacemaker ensures the constant presence of law enforcement that significantly reduces criminal activity and protects those not involved in unlawful behaviors from the potential offenders. Device 3: The Negotiator The Negotiator is a robot that is steered with the help of a console. Currently, the Negotiator is used by SWAT teams for a multitude of tasks. The robot is equipped with a video camera that instantly provides the officers with the view of the surroundings. That way, the primary function of the Negotiator is to ensure the security of the law enforcement employees collecting the intelligence about the area or a building before people enter it. The Negotiator is rather useful as it can climb stairs or even carry objects of small size ( Police Using More High-Tech Gadgets , 2009). Currently, robots of this kind are used not only by the police but also by the military. The Negotiator is valuable for the public and for the police as it allows the law enforcement workers to evaluate dangerous situations better and work more efficiently while diffusing it. Conclusion All of the three devices described above are actively used by the police in the United States and have proved rather effective in terms of help for the law enforcers and security for the public. The devices increase the effectiveness of the crime-fighting operations and reduce the number of injuries and deaths among the police officers, criminals, or innocent bystanders. References Police Using More High-Tech Gadgets . (2009). Web. Siegel, N. (2014). Cop-Tech: The inevitable future of policing . Web. Storm, D. (2012). High tech police gadgets to fight crime. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
The Conceptual Relationship Between Memory and Imagination Report (Assessment) In his lecture at the University of British Columbia, Daniel L. Schacter identifies the similarities between the neuroanatomical mechanisms of memory and imagination. In particular, the scholar draws parallels between these processes by addressing the recorded activity of specific brain structures when “remembering the past and imagining the future” (The University of British Columbia, 2010, 13:02). That is to say, recollection and imagination demonstrate a unique affinity. This relationship has a particular conceptual explanation, which rests on the mechanisms of evolutionary adaptation. First of all, it is necessary to observe that our episodic memory is “a constructive process,” rather than a precise replica of past events (The University of British Columbia, 2010, 05:44). In other words, when we recall something, the recollection is not stored in our brain but is immediately constructed out of fragments of past experiences, feelings, and thoughts. This fact is evidenced by the phenomenon of false memory when, for instance, a witness misidentifies a suspect due to an erroneous combination of details. There are numerous examples of laboratory studies, simulating fallible recognition, and memory distortions in subjects (The University of British Columbia, 2010, 22:39). Thus, human memory reconstructs the past based on previous empirical data. Similarly, imagination relies on the recombination process, which also requires certain pieces of information. According to Schacter, our brain “flexibly recombines details into simulations of events that might happen” (The University of British Columbia, 2010, 21:12). In other words, it is impossible to imagine something of which you have no idea or opinion. The imagined scene or scenario will always strongly rely on previous experiences. Furthermore, the analyzed processes are closely interrelated, as evidenced by neuroimaging studies. Specific brain structures dealing with memory, such as the hippocampus, have recently been proven to demonstrate “similar activations when people imagine the future” (The University of British Columbia, 2010, 16:43). The posterior hippocampus activity is responsible for “retrieving details from past events,” which are used for both recollecting past episodes and imagining future events (The University of British Columbia, 2010, 36:31). This relationship was also evidenced in the studies, focused on the links between memory and imagination in amnesic patients (The University of British Columbia, 2010, 14:21). Hence, a person who cannot remember past events finds it difficult to imagine the future. Apart from the neuroanatomical foundations of the relationship between memory and imagination, there is an apparent conceptual explanation for this phenomenon, which rests on the evolutionary principle of survival. That is to say, the processes of recalling past episodes and imagining future events are vital for our effective navigation in the surrounding world. Indeed, recollecting one’s previous experiences enables a person to apply the obtained knowledge to make correct decisions and reasonable conclusions. Meanwhile, imagining the upcoming situations ensures the elaboration of expected scenarios based on personal experiences. This process allows us to make plans, consider possible outcomes, avoid potential problems, take appropriate steps in the future and ultimately achieve our goals. Hence, imagination and memory are inherently creative processes, based on the similar mechanisms of reconstruction and recombination of our previous experiences. From the evolutionary standpoint, relationships between these processes play a crucial role, since their interplay streamlines our decisions and actions. Thus, the association between imagination and memory may be the result of evolutionary adaptation aimed at improving our life. Reference The University of British Columbia. (2010). Constructive memory: Remembering the past to imagining the future [Video file]. Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Review of “The Bible Made Impossible” by Christian Smith Essay Smith argues that “the American evangelical commitment to “biblicism,” is an unattainable position that should be left altogether and proposes a better approach to Christian accuracy and power.” Smith delves into the archeology of both familiar and trustworthy evangelical biblicism. He accomplishes this by pointing out how biblicism frequently assumes comedic and tragic proportions. The evangelicals are aware of the possibility of turning the Holy Canon scripture into a self-help group that generates questions that are not the primary goal and are not addressed 1 . He clarifies that the way the scriptures are read to accommodate a support system and promote practices and beliefs that cannot be applied in one position. Smith’s objective was to articulate the unattainability of making a god from the Bible. Hence, he pointed out that conservative evangelicals face a challenging discussion over nature and practice. His writing on the image portrayal of evangelical Biblicism is quite exaggerated and adopts a rhetorically charged style. He states that countless evangelical biblicists exist in the United States, counting estimates of over 100 million 2 . He goes further to describe their project their perspectives on biblicism as foolish as well as arrogant, inadequate, lacking direction, dishonest, untenable, self-defeating, and intellectually and practically wanting. Furthermore, he asserts that evangelical Christians need to be fearful and ashamed since they hold their version of sola scriptura. Smith’s writing style is assertive and recurring, and he frequently employs sarcasm, which adds to the rhetorical element. The author’s rhetorical style created barriers for the potential audience that would otherwise assist and play a crucial constructive role. As a result, it shortened an audience’s attention span that could have benefited from reading. Smith keeps reminding the audience that they are ridiculous and arrogant, causing them to lose their minds and tune out. It is unlikely that a reader continues to read to materials in which he has been abused. Only a few people can stand up to the author and continue reading despite being labeled arrogant. Smith’s primary target audience in the United States was evangelical Christians. He investigates the issue of biblicism as a bible handbook. The audience can read the Bible as if it were a guidebook to help them answer all of life’s questions. He argues that some existing elements are properly arranged to suit avenues that eventually lead to their attitude toward the Bible 3 . Smith’s viewpoint on evangelical biblicism is eerily familiar and contains some elements of truth. He explores at some of how biblicism maintains a sense of humor while also taking on tragic proportions. The evangelicals recognize that turning the Bible into a self-help manual and asking specific questions that does not address the issues. The way the scriptures are read has been adopted to support and promote practices and beliefs that have become difficult to reconcile with others. While his assertions are correct, the assessment overlooks the important traces of origin and the reasons why they appear to be unique to modern evangelicals. Smith identifies ten characteristics of bad biblicism, each of which has a long history in the church. He does not see any link between his ten characteristics and the most common causes of Biblicist pathology. While attempting to assist Smith, it can be argued that the list is not the issue but rather how the list vehemently emerges to generate aspects such as the Bible’s “handbook model.” 4 It is critical to make a precise observation and delve deeper into the question. The problem of bad biblicism stems from a particular way of interpreting the reader’s character and the Bible’s text character and drawing inferences from their comparisons. Although Smith does not specifically mention this theme, it runs throughout his arguments. The basic premise is that both the bible text and the reader are self-sufficient and unmediated. The bible text is said to have self-contained unity and integrity that is unaffected by its relationship to the church or other factors such as confessions or theology. The “solo Scriptura” and “internal harmony” are described in Smith’s number 6 and 7 lists, respectively 5 . Smith is most concerned about this aspect because it emphasizes framing while utilizing the others. Such activities remove the scripture based on current discussions about Jesus Christ’s life and work. A critical and honest reader may come from Smith’s book convinced that Biblicism is completely ineffective. Smith’s argument, however, is insufficient to point to this new anchor because they may be left wondering and feeling adrift, unsure of where to turn. He must describe the next course of action because he gave the people the opportunity to reject Biblicism. Smith gave the audience no specific options when it came to this. Bibliography Smith, Christian. The Bible made impossible: Why biblicism is not a truly evangelical reading of Scripture . Baker Books, 2012. Footnotes 1. Smith, Christian. The Bible made impossible: Why biblicism is not a truly evangelical reading of Scripture . Baker Books, 2012. 2. Smith, Christian. The Bible made impossible: Why biblicism is not a truly evangelical reading of Scripture . Baker Books, 2012. 3. Smith, Christian. The Bible made impossible: Why biblicism is not a truly evangelical reading of Scripture . Baker Books, 2012. 4. Smith, Christian. The Bible made impossible: Why biblicism is not a truly evangelical reading of Scripture . Baker Books, 2012. 5. Smith, Christian. The Bible made impossible: Why biblicism is not a truly evangelical reading of Scripture . Baker Books, 2012. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Office Automation and Group Collaboration Software Coursework Office automation systems are basically information managing and handling software tools that are integrated with the business processes to aid in improving the productivity of the people and the processes set in the organization. The use of office automation systems involves planning and integration of the system with the activities in the business. These tools can also be called organization collaboration software which can benefit the organizations by displacing costs and by providing value addition to the processes and the finished product/ service. The office collaboration system used in our organization is the eClinical Collaboration Software. The software suite is manufactured and sold by Broadpeak and is a form of a Clinical Trial Management System (CTMS). The features of this software suite include the facilitation of external and internal data integration and collaboration for research and study proposes. It supports all stages of a clinical study and research and even aids in providing reporting formats for the results. The main advantage of this system is that it tends to accelerate the process of the research and reduces the time taken for hiring investigators, collection of secondary documents, communication and data sharing as well as monitoring the investigative sites. The users of the system can sign in through a designated portal and the reach information is shown in one place making it easier for the researcher to keep track of the progress for the study. The system has helped in displacing costs for our company by reducing the funds previously spent on support staff. By replacing the support staff with the system we have been able to save up on the funds previously spent on their remuneration, training and development. Instead the use of the system has also resulted in value addition for the company. This is because the use of the eClinical Collaboration suite has resulted in improvements in the productivity of the managerial and the productive staff. The time taken to conduct has dramatically been reduced resulting in faster results without compromises to the study. Similarly the probability for errors in the process and the research is also minimized as the support services are not performed by humans but by the support technology in place. However in order to be able to use the system, the employees at the company needed to be trained on the software. This increased the training costs for the company. Moreover employee hired since the induction of the eClinical Collaboration suit, required to be given hands on training in the suite. Business and operation synergy are also important elements of the suit. The software provides integration of multiple tasks on a single platform. Additionally the value provided by teleconferencing online and sharing information through the suite is more enhanced as the company already had a policy of sharing information through online and digital means. The software has also been able to help integrating the social environment in the organization. The diverse nature of the people inducted in the organization makes way for conflicts but the software and the common business platform and terminology offered by the suite minimizes the errors while increasing sharing and trading of information in the company. Conclusively right now the choice of the organization concerning the collaboration system has been providing productive results however in the future in order to stay competitive the company might be investing in more innovative systems that are able to efficiently deal with operations on a much larger scale. Bibliography “Data Labs Expands Into eClinical Collaboration with Latest Acquisition”, Lexdon Business Library, Web. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Approximately 1.7 million infections are acquired in US hospitals annually (Arefian, Vogel, Kwetkat, & Hartmann, 2016, p. 1). HAIs occur in different types of healthcare settings, including medical centers, nursing homes, outpatient care, and acute care hospitals. The most common types of HAIs tracked by healthcare agencies are catheter-associated urinary tract infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, surgical site infections, and gastrointestinal infections. It is worth mentioning that HAIs represent a major economic concern both to healthcare providers and patients. The overall direct costs of HAIs incurred by hospitals range from $1,000 to $44,000 per case (Schmier et al., 2016, p. 199). The highest charges are attributable to ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the lowest charges are attributable to catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Determination of the main risk factors for nosocomial infections is hindered by the differences in individual susceptibility to the acquisition of a certain infection. Among significant risk factors for HAIs are sex, race, age, admission diagnosis and its severity, long hospital stay, and overuse of antibiotics (Wang, Zhou, Chen, Yu, & Feng, 2019). No social determinant risk factors for HAIs have been identified by current research, though the differences between the rates of HAIs in rural and urban settings have been highlighted (Schmier et al., 2016). Therefore, it is possible to assume that social determinant risk factors for the condition are the distribution of resources among hospital settings and the level of education of healthcare professionals. The Healthy People 2020 goal that relates to the selected practice problem of increased prevalence and incidence rates of HAIs is prevention, reduction, and ultimate elimination of healthcare-associated infections. This goal reflects the urgent need for the US healthcare system to improve the rates of nosocomial infections in all types of healthcare settings. The global initiative mainly concentrates on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. It is a fact that MRSA can transmit to the hands and clothes of healthcare professionals even when there is no direct contact with bodily fluids. This emphasizes the need for the adoption of prevention practices to decrease infection transmission. One particular evidence-based intervention that can be embedded into routine practice is the use of barrier precautions, such as mask, gown, or gloves, as control measures for MRSA infections. The use of disposable gloves and washable gowns by healthcare workers has been proven to prevent transmission of MRSA by protecting their hands and clothes from being contaminated by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (López-Alcalde et al., 2015). In turn, the use of masks could prevent the spread of the infection through the air. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare workers use gloves, masks, or gowns when involved in high-risk care activities. The measurable objective to address the above-stated Healthy People 2020 goal is the reduction of the standardized infection ratio of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections by fifty percent. The current standardized infection ratio stands at 1.0, and the desired standardized infection ratio is 0.5 (Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion, 2018). The target standardized infection ratio can be reached by utilizing the best current evidence-based practices for the prevention of the spread of MRSA infections and staff education. References Arefian, H., Vogel, M., Kwetkat, A., & Hartmann, M. (2016). Economic evaluation of interventions for prevention of hospital acquired infections: A systematic review. PLOS One , 11 (1), 1–15. López-Alcalde, J., Mateos-Mazón, M., Guevara, M., Conterno, L. O., Solà, I., Nunes, S. C., & Cosp, X. B. (2015). Gloves, gowns and masks for reducing the transmission of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the hospital setting. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , 16 (7), 70–87. Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion. (2018). Healthcare-associated infections. Web. Schmier, J., Hulme-Lowe, C., Semenova, S., Klenk, J., Deleo, P., Sedlak, R., & Carlson, P. (2016). Estimated hospital costs associated with preventable health care-associated infections if health care antiseptic products were unavailable. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research , 8 (1), 197–205. Wang, L., Zhou, K., Chen, W., Yu, Y., & Feng, S. (2019). Epidemiology and risk factors for nosocomial infection in the respiratory intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in China: A prospective surveillance during 2013 and 2015. BMC Infectious Diseases , 19 (145), 1–9. | human | 0 | 0 | 0 | human |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.