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Arpeggio | Arpège | A broken chord is a chord broken into a sequence of notes. A broken chord may repeat some of the notes from the chord and span one or more octaves. | En musique, un arpège est une série de notes émises successivement et qui, considérées ensemble, forment un accord. L'arpège permet aux instruments monodiques de jouer des accords et l'harmonie. | [
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Kinematics | Cinématique | Kinematics is a subfield of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the forces that cause them to move. Kinematics, as a field of study, is often referred to as the "geometry of motion" and is occasionally seen as a branch of mathematics. A kinematics problem begins by describing the geometry of the system and declaring the initial conditions of any known values of position, velocity and/or acceleration of points within the system. Then, using arguments from geometry, the position, velocity and acceleration of any unknown parts of the system can be determined. The study of how forces act on bodies falls within kinetics, not kinematics. For further details, see analytical dynamics. | En physique, la cinématique (du grec "kinêma", le mouvement) est l'étude des mouvements indépendamment des causes qui les produisent, ou, plus exactement, l'étude de tous les mouvements possibles. À côté de la notion d'espace qui est l'objet de la géométrie, la cinématique introduit la notion de temps. À ne pas confondre avec la, un terme plus général qui concerne la vitesse et les mécanismes d'une grande variété de processus ; en mécanique, "cinétique" est utilisé comme adjectif pour qualifier deux grandeurs impliquant aussi la masse : le moment cinétique et l'énergie cinétique. | [
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Hellebore | Helleborus | Commonly known as hellebores (), the Eurasian genus Helleborus consists of approximately 20 species of herbaceous or evergreen perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, within which it gave its name to the tribe of Helleboreae. Despite names such as "winter rose", "Christmas rose" and "Lenten rose", hellebores are not closely related to the rose family (Rosaceae). Many hellebore species are poisonous. | Helleborus est un genre de plantes de la famille des "Ranunculaceae". En français, le nom vulgaire associé est "hellébore", qui peut être aussi orthographié "ellébore". | [
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Aubervilliers | Aubervilliers | Aubervilliers () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in the Île-de-France region in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Albertivillariens" or "Albertivillariennes". | Aubervilliers est une commune française située dans la banlieue immédiate de Paris au nord, précisément dans le département de la Seine-Saint-Denis en région Île-de-France. Ses habitants sont appelés les "Albertivillariens". | [
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Logarithmic scale | Échelle logarithmique | A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a way of displaying numerical data over a very wide range of values in a compact way—typically the largest numbers in the data are hundreds or even thousands of times larger than the smallest numbers. Such a scale is nonlinear: the numbers 10 and 20, and 60 and 70, are not the same distance apart on a log scale. Rather, the numbers 10 and 100, and 60 and 600 are equally spaced. Thus moving a set distance along the scale means the number has been "multiplied" by 10 (or some other fixed factor). Often exponential growth curves are displayed on a log scale, otherwise they would increase too quickly to fit within a small graph. Another way to think about it is that the "number of digits" of the data grows at a constant rate. The numbers 10, 100, 1000, and 10000 are equally spaced on a log scale, but the number of digits is going up by 1 each time: 2, 3, 4, and 5 digits. In this way, adding two digits "multiplies" the quantity measured on the log scale by a factor of 100. | Une échelle logarithmique est un système de graduation en progression géométrique. Chaque pas multiplie la valeur par une constante positive. De ce fait, la position sur l'axe d'une valeur est proportionnelle à son logarithme. | [
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Rimini | Rimini | Rimini (, ; ; ) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It sprawls along the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient "Ariminus") and Ausa (ancient "Aprusa"). It is one of the most notable seaside resorts in Europe with revenue from both internal and international tourism forming a significant portion of the city's economy. The first bathing establishment opened in 1843. Rimini is an art city with ancient Roman and Renaissance monuments, and is also the birthplace of the famous film director Federico Fellini. | Rimini est une ville d’Italie, capitale de la province de Rimini, dans la région Émilie-Romagne. Située sur le littoral adriatique, entre l'embouchure de la Marecchia (l’"Ariminus" des Romains) et l’Ausa ("Aprusa" en latin), c'est l'une des plus grandes stations balnéaires d’Europe, grâce à ses quelque de plage sableuse et ses nombreux hôtels. Le premier établissement de bains de Rimini a ouvert en 1843. | [
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Screenwriter | Scénariste | A screenplay writer (also called screenwriter for short), scriptwriter or scenarist, is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs and video games, are based. | Un scénariste est la personne qui écrit un scénario, cadre détaillé présidant à l'élaboration d'une œuvre graphique : cinéma, télévision, bande dessinée, jeu vidéo, etc. Souvent, le scénario est plus qu'un plan, il est aussi un récit. | [
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Turkish cuisine | Cuisine turque | Turkish cuisine (Turkish: "Türk mutfağı") is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine, which can be described as a fusion and refinement of Central Asian, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, Armenian and Balkan cuisines. Turkish cuisine has in turn influenced those and other neighbouring cuisines, including those of Southeast Europe (Balkans), Central Europe, and Western Europe. The Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Levantine cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia (such as yogurt and pastırma), creating a vast array of specialities. | La cuisine turque bénéficie de l'héritage ottoman et est à la charnière des saveurs asiatiques, orientales et méditerranéennes. En effet, la cuisine turque s'est enrichie des migrations des Turcs au cours des siècles, de l'Asie centrale à l'Europe et fut influencée par ses pays voisins (Grèce, pays du Moyen-Orient, des Balkans, Iran ou encore Arménie). À l'inverse, on trouvera un grand nombre de plats communs avec les gastronomies libanaise, grecque ou arménienne. | [
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Abidjan | Abidjan | Abidjan (, ; N’ko: ߊߓߌߖߊ߲߬) is the economic capital of Ivory Coast and one of the most populous French-speaking cities in Africa. According to the 2014 census, Abidjan's population was 4.7 million, which is 20 percent of the overall population of the country, and this also makes it the sixth most populous city proper in Africa, after Lagos, Cairo, Kinshasa, Dar es Salaam, and Johannesburg. A cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation. | Abidjan est la plus grande ville de la Côte d'Ivoire. Ancienne capitale administrative et politique du pays jusqu'en 1983, date de son transfert à Yamoussoukro, elle est également la ville la plus peuplée de l'Afrique de l'Ouest francophone, et la deuxième plus grande ville et troisième plus grande agglomération au sein de la francophonie. Capitale économique ivoirienne, elle compte selon les autorités du pays, en 2014, soit 21 % de la population du pays, tandis qu'elle représenterait 60 % du produit intérieur brut du pays. Seule Lagos, l'ancienne capitale du Nigeria la dépasse en nombre d'habitants dans cette région. Considérée comme le carrefour culturel ouest-africain, Abidjan connaît une forte croissance caractérisée par une forte industrialisation et une urbanisation galopante. Malgré la perte de son statut officiel de capitale de la Côte d'Ivoire, elle reste de facto le siège de la plupart des institutions administratives et politiques nationales du pays, et continue de jouer le premier rôle dans la vie politique ivoirienne. | [
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Lou Andreas-Salomé | Lou Andreas-Salomé | Lou Andreas-Salomé (born either Louise von Salomé or Luíza Gustavovna Salomé or Lioulia von Salomé, ; 12 February 1861 – 5 February 1937) was a Russian-born psychoanalyst and a well-traveled author, narrator, and essayist from a Russian-German family. Her diverse intellectual interests led to friendships with a broad array of distinguished Western thinkers, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, Paul Rée, and Rainer Maria Rilke. | Louise von Salomé ou Lioulia von Salomé ou Luíza Gustavovna Salomé (), dite Lou Andreas-Salomé, née le à Saint-Pétersbourg et morte le à Göttingen, est une femme de lettres germano-russe et l'une des premières femmes psychanalystes. Elle est aussi connue pour ses relations complexes et passionnées avec Friedrich Nietzsche et Rainer Maria Rilke, ainsi que pour sa rencontre importante avec Sigmund Freud qui change le cours de sa vie. | [
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Anabaptism | Anabaptisme | Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin, from the Greek : "re-" and "baptism",, earlier also ) is a Christian movement which traces its origins to the Radical Reformation. The movement is generally seen as an offshoot of Protestantism, although this view has been challenged by some Anabaptists. | L'anabaptisme est un courant chrétien qui prône le baptême du croyant, volontaire et conscient. Le mot vient du grec ecclésiastique "anabaptizein" signifiant « baptiser à nouveau ». Cette pensée est un point essentiel de la Réforme radicale, mais se retrouve aussi parmi les vaudois, les bogomiles et les pauliciens, ainsi que dans l'assemblée des chrétiens apostoliques de Thessalonique au. Les anabaptistes eux-mêmes considèrent descendre directement de l'Église primitive, sans s'être jamais unis avec l'Église catholique. | [
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Eusebius of Nicomedia | Eusèbe de Nicomédie | Eusebius of Nicomedia (died 341) was an Arian priest, the man who baptised Constantine the Great. He was a bishop of Berytus (modern-day Beirut) in Phoenicia. He was later made the bishop of Nicomedia, where the Imperial court resided. He lived finally in Constantinople from 338 up to his death. | Eusèbe de Nicomédie, mort à Constantinople en 341, est une personnalité influente du christianisme ancien, qui jouit d'un grand crédit auprès des empereurs Constantin et Constance II. | [
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Alfred Marshall | Alfred Marshall | Alfred Marshall (26 July 1842 – 13 July 1924) was one of the most influential economists of his time. His book, "Principles of Economics" (1890), was the dominant economic textbook in England for many years. It brings the ideas of supply and demand, marginal utility, and costs of production into a coherent whole. He is known as one of the founders of neoclassical economics. Although Marshall took economics to a more mathematically rigorous level, he did not want mathematics to overshadow economics and thus make economics irrelevant to the layman. | Alfred Marshall né le à Londres, et mort le à Cambridge, est un économiste britannique, considéré comme l'un des pères fondateurs de l'école néoclassique, qui est l'un des courants de pensée dominants actuellement en économie, et l'un des économistes les plus influents de son époque. | [
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Darmstadt | Darmstadt | Darmstadt (,,, ) is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt had a population of around 157,437 at the end of 2016. The Darmstadt Larger Urban Zone has 430,993 inhabitants. | Darmstadt est une ville du Land (État-région) de Hesse en Allemagne. Depuis 1997, elle est appelée par le ministère de Hesse « "Wissenschaftstadt Darmstadt" », c'est-à-dire « Darmstadt, la ville de la Science ». Elle est jumelée à 14 villes européennes et une ville de Turquie. | [
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Radix sort | Tri par base | In computer science, radix sort is a non-comparative sorting algorithm. It avoids comparison by creating and distributing elements into buckets according to their radix. For elements with more than one significant digit, this bucketing process is repeated for each digit, while preserving the ordering of the prior step, until all digits have been considered. For this reason, radix sort has also been called bucket sort and digital sort. | En algorithmique le tri par base, ou tri radix de radix sort en anglais, est un algorithme de tri, utilisé pour ordonner des éléments identifiés par une clef unique. Chaque clef est une chaîne de caractères ou un nombre que le tri par base trie selon l'ordre lexicographique. Cet algorithme a besoin d'être couplé avec un ou plusieurs algorithmes de tri stable. | [
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Ethylene glycol | Éthylène glycol | Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound with the formula (CHOH). It is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting, viscous liquid. | L'éthylène glycol ou glycol ou encore éthane-1,2-diol est le plus simple composé chimique de la famille des glycols. Sa formule semi-développée est et sa formule brute (c'est le plus simple des diols). L'éthylène glycol est fréquemment employé en tant qu'antigel, dans le liquide de refroidissement des automobiles. À température ambiante, c'est un liquide visqueux incolore et sans odeur, avec un goût sucré. L'éthylène glycol est toxique et son ingestion nécessite des soins médicaux urgents. | [
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Intonation (linguistics) | Intonation prosodique | In linguistics, intonation is variation in spoken pitch when used, not for distinguishing words as sememes (a concept known as tone), but, rather, for a range of other functions such as indicating the attitudes and emotions of the speaker, signalling the difference between statements and questions, and between different types of questions, focusing attention on important elements of the spoken message and also helping to regulate conversational interaction. (The term "tone" is used by some British writers in their descriptions of intonation but to refer to the pitch movement found on the nucleus or tonic syllable in an intonation unit.) | En prosodie, le terme « intonation » a plusieurs acceptions. Certaines diffèrent par la nature du segment de la chaîne parlée auquel elles se réfèrent. Dans un sens large, l’intonation concerne le niveau de hauteur du phone (c’est-à-dire du son au sens phonétique) ou la variation de cette hauteur dans le noyau de la syllabe, ayant une fonction sémantique au niveau du mot, ainsi que la variation de la hauteur des phones au niveau de segments plus grands que le mot, c’est-à-dire le syntagme, la phrase simple, la proposition et la phrase complexe. Dans un sens restreint, le terme « intonation » est utilisé seulement se rapportant aux segments plus grands que le mot. Ceux qui l’utilisent dans ce sens restreint appellent « ton » la variation de la hauteur du phone du noyau de la syllabe, en rapport avec les langues appelées à tons, où ceux-ci ont un rôle important dans l’expression des sens lexicaux et grammaticaux des mots. | [
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Windows Server 2003 | Windows Server 2003 | Windows Server 2003 is a server operating system produced by Microsoft and released on April 24, 2003, about 18 months after the launch of the Windows XP operating system. It is the successor to Windows 2000 Server and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005. Windows Server 2003's kernel was later adopted in the development of Windows Vista. | Windows Server 2003 est un système d'exploitation orienté serveur développé par Microsoft. Présenté le comme le successeur de Windows 2000 Server, il est considéré par Microsoft comme étant la pierre angulaire de la ligne de produits serveurs professionnels Windows Server System. Une version évoluée intitulée Windows Server 2003 R2 a été finalisée le. Son successeur, Windows Server 2008, est sorti le. Le, Microsoft cesse de le supporter, ce qui signifie l'arrêt de la publication de correctifs de sécurité, et encourage la migration vers Windows Server 2012 R2. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 | Résolution 242 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies | United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967, in the aftermath of the Six-Day War. It was adopted under Chapter VI of the UN Charter. The resolution was sponsored by British ambassador Lord Caradon and was one of five drafts under consideration. | La résolution 242 est une résolution du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU qui a été votée le à la suite de la guerre des Six Jours. | [
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Paris Métro Line 4 | Ligne 4 du métro de Paris | Line 4 () is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro rapid transit system. Situated mostly within the boundaries of the City of Paris, it connects Porte de Clignancourt in the north and Mairie de Montrouge in the south, travelling across the heart of the city. Prior to 2013, when the southern terminus was changed from Porte d'Orléans to Mairie de Montrouge, the line was sometimes referred to as the Clignancourt – Orléans Line. At in length, it connects to all of the lines of the Métro apart from the 3bis and 7bis branch lines, as well as all of the RER express lines. Further, it is the second-busiest Métro line after Line 1, carrying over 154 million passengers in 2004. | La ligne 4 du métro de Paris est l'une des seize lignes du réseau métropolitain de Paris. Entièrement située dans les limites de la capitale durant plus d'un siècle depuis sa création, elle relie désormais le terminus nord "Porte de Clignancourt" au terminus sud "Mairie de Montrouge" et traverse le cœur de Paris. Longue de, elle est en correspondance avec toutes les autres lignes de métro (hormis les courtes lignes de rabattement 3 bis et ) et toutes les lignes de RER (tout comme les lignes 2 et 14). Elle est également la deuxième ligne la plus fréquentée du réseau après la ligne 1, avec de voyageurs en 2010. La ligne 4 est la première à relier la rive droite à la rive gauche de la Seine par une traversée sous-fluviale, occasionnant de 1905 à 1907 au cœur même de la capitale des travaux spectaculaires. | [
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Alans | Alains | The Alans () were an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity. The name "Alan" is an Iranian dialectal form of "Aryan". Possibly related to the Massagetae, the Alans have been connected by modern historians with the Central Asian Yancai and Aorsi of Chinese and Roman sources, respectively. Having migrated westwards and become dominant among the Sarmatians on the Pontic Steppe, they are mentioned by Roman sources in the 1st century AD. At the time, they had settled the region north of the Black Sea and frequently raided the Parthian Empire and the Caucasian provinces of the Roman Empire. From 215250 AD, their power on the Pontic Steppe was broken by the Goths. | Les Alains (en latin :'; en grec ancien : Ἀλανοί / ') sont un peuple iranien « scythique », mentionné à partir du dans les steppes au nord du Caucase qui a participé aux Grandes Invasions. | [
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Ridley Scott | Ridley Scott | Sir Ridley Scott (born 30 November 1937) is an English filmmaker. Following his commercial breakthrough in 1979 with the science fiction horror film "Alien", further works include the neo-noir dystopian film "Blade Runner", the road adventure film "Thelma & Louise", the historical drama "Gladiator" (which won the Academy Award for Best Picture) and the science fiction film "The Martian". | Sir Ridley Scott, né le à South Shields, dans le Tyne and Wear, en Angleterre, au (Royaume-Uni), est un réalisateur et producteur britannique résidant aux États-Unis. | [
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Talloires | Talloires | Talloires is a former commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Talloires-Montmin. Due to its setting on Lake Annecy Talloires has become a popular resort town not only since it has been rediscovered by a privileged society of artists and writers but also since the start of the 20th century when the place became a world-renowned location. | Talloires est une ancienne commune française située dans le département de la Haute-Savoie en région Rhône-Alpes. Située sur la rive est du lac d'Annecy, la commune est membre de la communauté de communes de la Tournette. | [
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Virial theorem | Théorème du viriel | In mechanics, the virial theorem provides a general equation that relates the average over time of the total kinetic energy of a stable system of discrete particles, bound by potential forces, with that of the total potential energy of the system. Mathematically, the theorem states | En mécanique classique, le théorème du viriel est une relation générale qui s'applique à un système de plusieurs corps en interaction. Il relie les moyennes temporelles de ses énergies cinétique et potentielle. Il fut proposé en 1870 par Rudolf Clausius qui travaillait alors sur les fondements de la thermodynamique et cherchait à relier les notions de température et de chaleur aux mouvements des molécules de gaz. | [
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Drancy | Drancy | Drancy () is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris in the Seine-Saint-Denis department in northern France. It is located 10.8 km (6.7 mi) from the center of Paris. | Drancy (prononcé ) est une commune française de la Métropole du Grand Paris située dans le département de la Seine-Saint-Denis en région Île-de-France. Ses habitants sont appelés les "Drancéens". | [
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Aqueduct (water supply) | Aqueduc | An aqueduct is a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. In modern engineering, the term "aqueduct" is used for any system of pipes, ditches, canals, tunnels, and other structures used for this purpose. The term "aqueduct" also often refers specifically to a bridge on an artificial watercourse. The word is derived from the Latin'('water') and'('to lead'). Aqueducts were used in ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, and ancient Rome. In modern times, the largest aqueducts of all have been built in the United States to supply the country's biggest cities. The simplest aqueducts are small ditches cut into the earth. Much larger channels may be used in modern aqueducts. Aqueducts sometimes run for some or all of their path through tunnels constructed underground. Modern aqueducts may also use pipelines. Historically, agricultural societies have constructed aqueducts to irrigate crops and supply large cities with drinking water. | Un aqueduc est un ouvrage destiné à l'adduction d'eau pour la consommation d'une ville. Le mot "aqueduc" est un emprunt tardif () au latin "aquae ductus" (aussi '), de'(« eau ») et de'(dérivé de ', « conduire », lui-même tiré de duco). Aqueduc a pu désigner toutes canalisations destinées à conduire les eaux, toutefois ce sens ancien s'est oblitéré, aqueduc ne désignant plus que les ouvrages antiques monumentaux en maçonnerie et les constructions modernes de génie civil destinés principalement à alimenter les villes, en eau. | [
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Gier (river) | Gier | The Gier is a French river that flows in a northeast direction through the Loire and Rhône departments. It is a tributary of the Rhône, which it enters from the right bank. The Gier valley was formerly heavily industrialized with coal and iron mines and factories. | Le Gier est une rivière française qui coule dans les départements de la Loire et du Rhône, ainsi que dans la Métropole de Lyon. C'est un affluent direct du Rhône en rive droite. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Hebrew alphabet | Alphabet hébreu | The Hebrew alphabet (, ), known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script and block script, is an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language and other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Judeo-Spanish, Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Persian. | L’alphabet hébraïque est un alphabet consonantique (abjad) dont les graphèmes actuels se développèrent à partir de ceux de l’alphabet araméen. Les Hébreux appellent leur alphabet /ˈalefbet/, /ˈalef/ et /bet/ en étant les deux premières lettres. | [
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Albert Bijaoui | Albert Bijaoui | Albert Bijaoui (born in Monastir in 1943) is a French astronomer, former student of the Ecole Polytechnique (X 1962), renowned in image processing in astrophysics and its application in cosmology, he then prepared his PhD thesis at the Paris Observatory, under the supervision of André Lallemand. He defended his thesis at the Université Denis Diderot (Paris VII) in March 1971. | Albert Bijaoui (né à Monastir en 1943) est un astronome français, ancien élève de l'École polytechnique (X 1962), renommé dans le traitement d'images en astrophysique et son application en cosmologie, il a ensuite préparé sa thèse de doctorat d'état à l’Observatoire de Paris, sous la direction d'André Lallemand. Il a soutenue sa thèse à l’Université Denis Diderot (Paris VII) en. | [
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Jean Casimir-Perier | Jean Casimir-Perier | Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier (; 8 November 1847 – 11 March 1907) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1894 to 1895. | Jean Casimir-Perier, né le à Paris et mort le dans la même ville, est un homme d'État français. Il est président de la République française du au. | [
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Zugspitze | Zugspitze | The Zugspitze, () at 2,962 m (9,718 ft) above sea level, is the highest peak of the Wetterstein Mountains as well as the highest mountain in Germany. It lies south of the town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and the Austria–Germany border runs over its western summit. South of the mountain is the "Zugspitzplatt", a high karst plateau with numerous caves. On the flanks of the Zugspitze are three glaciers, including the two largest in Germany: the Northern Schneeferner with an area of 30.7 hectares and the Höllentalferner with an area of 24.7 hectares. The third is the Southern Schneeferner which covers 8.4 hectares. | La Zugspitze est un sommet situé dans la chaîne des Alpes, dans le massif du Wetterstein, dans les Alpes bavaroises. C'est le point culminant de l'Allemagne, avec d'altitude. La Zugspitze se situe sur la frontière autrichienne, mais le point culminant est en Allemagne. Elle fait partie du district de Garmisch-Partenkirchen. | [
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Animal migration | Migration animale | Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis. It is the most common form of migration in ecology. It is found in all major animal groups, including birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, and crustaceans. The trigger for the migration may be local climate, local availability of food, the season of the year or for mating reasons. To be counted as a true migration, and not just a local dispersal or irruption, the movement of the animals should be an annual or seasonal occurrence, such as Northern Hemisphere birds migrating south for the winter; wildebeest migrating annually for seasonal grazing; or a major habitat change as part of their life, such as young Atlantic salmon or sea lamprey leaving the river of their birth when they have reached a few inches in size. | La migration animale est un phénomène présent chez de nombreuses espèces animales, qui effectuent un déplacement, voire un périple, souvent sur de longues distances, à caractère périodique qui implique un retour régulier dans la région de départ. Les mouvements sans retour, qui conduisent à une extension de l'habitat de l'espèce, correspondent plutôt à un phénomène de colonisation. Ces deux « mouvements » qui peuvent nécessiter des corridors biologiques spécifiques ou partagés, plus ou moins délimités selon les espèces, jouent un rôle important en matière de sélection naturelle et d'évolution. | [
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Lychee | Litchi | Lychee (US: ; UK: ; Litchi chinensis; ) is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family, "Sapindaceae". | Le Litchi de Chine (Litchi chinensis), ou plus simplement Litchi (ou Letchi), est un arbre fruitier de la famille des "Sapindaceae", qui produit le fruit comestible du même nom. Cet arbre tropical est la seule espèce du genre "Litchi". Le nom provient du cantonais 荔枝 li zi. L'arbre est originaire de Chine où sa culture est attestée depuis plus de. La partie consommée est l'arille juteux qui entoure une graine unique. Le litchi ressemble, par sa structure, à d'autres fruits tropicaux de la même famille : le longane (ou longani), le ramboutan (ou « litchi chevelu »), la quenette. | [
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Biogas | Biogaz | Biogas is the mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen (anaerobically), primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source. In India, it is also known as "Gobar Gas". | Le biogaz est le gaz produit par la fermentation de matières organiques en l'absence d'oxygène. C'est un gaz combustible composé essentiellement de méthane et de dioxyde de carbone. Il peut être brûlé sur son lieu de production pour obtenir chaleur et électricité ou purifié pour obtenir du biométhane utilisable comme gaz naturel pour véhicules ou injectable sur le réseau de distribution de gaz naturel. | [
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Adolphe Thiers | Adolphe Thiers | Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers (, ; 15 April 17973 September 1877) was a French statesman and historian. He was the second elected President of France, and the first President of the French Third Republic. | Adolphe Thiers, né le () à Marseille et mort le à Saint-Germain-en-Laye, est un avocat, journaliste, historien et homme d'État français. Il est président de la République du au. | [
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Félix Faure | Félix Faure | Félix François Faure (30 January 1841 – 16 February 1899) was President of France from 1895 until his death in 1899. Faure was Parisian-born and after working as a tanner in his younger years he became a member of the National Assembly. He became more prominent in French politics up until unexpectedly becoming President, during which time France's relations with Russia improved. | Félix Faure, né le à Paris et mort le dans la même ville, est un homme d'État français. Il est président de la République du à sa mort. | [
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DC Comics | DC Comics | DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the publishing unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Global Brands and Experiences division of Warner Bros. subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia. DC Comics is one of the largest and oldest American comic book companies. The majority of its publications take place within the fictional DC Universe and feature numerous culturally iconic heroic characters, most notably Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, and The Flash. The universe also features well-known supervillains who oppose the superheroes such as the Joker and Lex Luthor. The company has published non-DC Universe-related material, including "Watchmen", "V for Vendetta", "Fables" and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. | DC Comics est l'une des principales maisons d’édition américaines de comics. DC Comics fait partie du conglomérat WarnerMedia. Les initiales « DC » sont une abréviation de « Detective Comics »,. DC comporte plusieurs filiales, notamment Vertigo, plutôt dédiée au fantastique, et Wildstorm, plutôt dédiée à la science-fiction et aux aventures de super-héros plus modernes. | [
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Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | Pierre Teilhard de Chardin ( (); 1 May 1881 – 10 April 1955) was a French idealist philosopher and Jesuit Catholic priest who trained as a paleontologist and geologist and took part in the discovery of the Peking Man. He conceived the vitalist idea of the Omega Point (a maximum level of complexity and consciousness towards which he believed the universe was evolving), and he developed Vladimir Vernadsky's concept of noosphere. Teilhard's ideas had a profound influence on the New Age movement. | Pierre Teilhard de Chardin ([]), né le à Orcines (Puy-de-Dôme) et mort le à New York (États-Unis), est un prêtre jésuite français, chercheur, paléontologue, théologien et philosophe. | [
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Pocket PC | Pocket PC (système d'exploitation) | A Pocket PC (P/PC, PPC), also known by Microsoft as a Windows Mobile Classic device, is a kind of personal digital assistant (PDA) that runs the Windows Mobile operating system. It has some of the abilities of modern desktop PCs. | Microsoft Pocket PC est le nom des OS (ou systèmes d’exploitation) de Microsoft pour assistants personnels. Microsoft Pocket PC est l’évolution des versions Windows CE. Il existe actuellement versions de Microsoft Pocket PC (2000, 2002, 2003). L’avant dernière a été rebaptisée Windows Mobile 5.0, sortie aux États-Unis à l’été 2005, en France à l’automne 2005. La dernière version française est la 6.0 sortie en. Ces systèmes sont conçus pour être utilisés sur des machines dites de format tablette. Possédant comme principal moyen d’interface utilisateur un écran tactile d’une résolution de 320×240 pour les Pocket PC 2000, 2002, 2003 et de 640×480 pour certains Pocket PC 2003 Seconde Édition et 5.0 (Toshiba e830, Asus A730, Dell Axim x51v, HP hx4700, série Acer n300). De plus en plus de machines disposent d’un clavier qu’il soit coulissant (HTC Wizard par exemple) ou en permanence accessible en face avant comme sur les iPAQ de la série 6500 ou les Treo sous Windows Mobile (). | [
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Aedicula | Édicule | In ancient Roman religion, an aedicula (plural aediculae) is a small shrine. The word "aedicula" is the diminutive of the Latin "aedes", a temple building, and can translate into English as "aedicule" or "edicule". | Un édicule est un terme d'architecture qui recouvre plusieurs petites constructions isolées dans l'espace public ou des espaces ouverts, d'emploi et de statut variés. | [
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Pangnirtung | Pangnirtung | Pangnirtung (or Pang, also Pangniqtuuq, in syllabics: ᐸᖕᓂᖅᑑᖅ ; ) is an Inuit hamlet, Qikiqtaaluk Region, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, located on Baffin Island. As of the 2016 census the population was 1,481, an increase of 3.9% from the 2011 census. The area of the town is. Pangnirtung is situated on a coastal plain at the coast of Pangnirtung Fjord, a fjord which eventually merges with Cumberland Sound. As of January 2014, the mayor is Mosesee Qappik. | Pangnirtung (ou Pangniqtuuq, « le lieu du caribou mâle » en inuktitut) est la deuxième ville du territoire autonome du Nunavut, au Canada. Elle se situe sur l'île de la Terre de Baffin, face à la mer de Baffin et au Groenland, à de la capitale territoriale d'Iqaluit. | [
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Valladolid, Yucatán | Valladolid (Yucatán) | Valladolid (; Saki in Maya) is a city located in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Yucatán. It is the seat of Valladolid Municipality. | Valladolid est une ville de l'État du Yucatán, au Mexique. Sa population s'élevait à habitants en 2010. Elle ne doit pas être confondue avec la ville de Valladolid en Espagne. | [
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Channel Islands | Îles Anglo-Normandes | The Channel Islands (; or "Îles de la Manche") are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, which is the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm and some smaller islands. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy and, although they are not part of the United Kingdom, the UK is responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands. The Crown dependencies are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations nor of the European Union. They have a total population of about, and the bailiwicks' capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of 33,500 and 18,207, respectively. | Les îles Anglo-Normandes, ou îles de la Manche ( ; ), sont un ensemble d'îles situées dans la Manche, à l’ouest de la péninsule du Cotentin. Saint Hélier, la capitale de Jersey, ne se trouve qu'à trente kilomètres du littoral normand. Autrefois appelées archipel Normand, elles sont la partie insulaire du duché historique de Normandie et constituent aujourd'hui avec leurs eaux territoriales une enclave dans la zone économique exclusive française inaccessible par les eaux internationales. | [
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Gestalt psychology | Psychologie de la forme | Gestalt psychology or gestaltism is a school of psychology that emerged in Austria and Germany in the early twentieth century based on work by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka. As used in Gestalt psychology, the German word gestalt (, ; meaning "form") is interpreted as "pattern" or "configuration". Gestalt psychologists emphasized that organisms perceive entire patterns or configurations, not merely individual components. The view is sometimes summarized using the adage, "the whole is more than the sum of its parts." Gestalt principles, proximity, similarity, figure-ground, continuity, closure, and connection, determine how humans perceive visuals in connection with different objects and environments. | La psychologie de la forme, théorie de la Gestalt ou gestaltisme (de l'allemand, ") est une théorie psychologique et philosophique proposée au début du selon laquelle les processus de la perception et de la représentation mentale traitent les phénomènes comme des formes globales plutôt que comme l'addition ou la juxtaposition d'éléments simples. | [
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History of Provence | Histoire de la Provence | The historic French province of Provence, located in the southeast corner of France between the Alps, the Mediterranean, the Rhone River and the upper reaches of the Durance River, was inhabited by Ligures beginning in Neolithic times; by the Celtic since about 900 BC, and by Greek colonists since about 600 BC. It was conquered by Rome at the end of the 2nd century BC. From 879 until 1486, it was a semi-independent state ruled by the Counts of Provence. In 1481, the title passed to Louis XI of France. In 1486 Provence was legally incorporated into France. Provence has been a part of France for over 400 years, but the people of Provence, particularly in the interior, have kept a cultural identity that persists to this day. | Lhistoire de la Provence, région du sud-est de la France, couvre l'ensemble des périodes historiques. La position de la Provence avec une large façade ouverte sur la mer Méditerranée, au sud, flanquée à l'ouest du Rhône, voie fluviale essentielle pour faire communiquer le nord et le sud de l'Europe, et à l'est par des cols alpins ouverts quasiment toute l'année, expliquent son histoire à travers le temps. | [
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Delhi Sultanate | Sultanat de Delhi | The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526). Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). | Le sultanat de Delhi est le royaume musulman qui s'étend sur le nord de l'Inde de 1210 à 1526 à partir de sa capitale, Delhi. Plusieurs dynasties turco-afghanes règnent successivement sur le sultanat, la dynastie des esclaves ou dynastie des Muizzî (1206-1290), la dynastie des Khaljî (1290-1320), la dynastie de Tughlûq (1320-1413), la dynastie des Sayyîd (1414-1451), et les Lhodî (1451-1526). | [
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Courrier International | Courrier international | Courrier International is a Paris-based French weekly newspaper which translates and publishes excerpts of articles from over 900 international newspapers. It also has a Portuguese and a Japanese edition. "Courrier Japon" was launched on 17 November 2005 and is published by Kodansha Limited. | Courrier international est un hebdomadaire français d'information fondé en 1990 et paraissant le jeudi. Il est constitué principalement de traductions d'articles publiés dans la presse non française. En 2018, il est vendu en France à exemplaires pour une diffusion totale de exemplaires. « Le regard des autres » est sa principale ligne directrice, qui retrace aussi bien les événements politiques que culturels. Sa restitution de l'actualité se fait sous le mode du « ce dont on parle » (l'instantané et la longue durée) autant que la recherche thématique sur des thèmes importants d'« arrière plan » (politique sociétale, « ressenti » des moyens techniques mis en œuvre, expression de l'art, expression de l'histoire immédiate et longue). | [
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Epicenter | Épicentre | The epicenter, epicentre () or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates. | Lors d'un séisme, on désigne par épicentre la projection à la surface de la Terre de l'hypocentre (ou foyer), le point où prend naissance la rupture (le préfixe grec "epi" signifie ). Le travail consistant à déterminer la position de l'épicentre du séisme s'appelle localisation. | [
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Baroque | Baroque | The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1740s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including the Iberian Peninsula it continued, together with new styles, until the first decade of the 1800s. It followed Renaissance art and Mannerism and preceded the Rococo (in the past often referred to as "late Baroque") and Neoclassical styles. It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art and music, though Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well. | Le baroque est un mouvement artistique qui trouve son origine en Italie dans des villes telles que Rome, Mantoue, Venise et Florence dès le milieu du et qui se termine au milieu du. Il y a un âge baroque différent selon les domaines, qu'ils soient intellectuels, historiques ou artistiques. Certains critiques y voient une constante culturelle qui revient tout au long de l'histoire comme l'a écrit Eugenio d'Ors. | [
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Battle of Mars-la-Tour | Bataille de Mars-la-Tour | The Battle of Mars-La-Tour (also known as the Battle of Vionville or Battle of Rezonville) was fought on 16 August 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, near the village of Mars-La-Tour in northeast France. One Prussian corps, reinforced by two more later in the day, encountered the entire French Army of the Rhine in a meeting engagement and, surprisingly, forced the Army of the Rhine to retreat into the fortress of Metz. | La bataille de Mars-la-Tour (également appelée "bataille de Rezonville" ou "bataille de Vionville") eut lieu le, au début de la guerre franco-prussienne. Elle se déroula dans les environs de Mars-la-Tour, village situé à une vingtaine de kilomètres à l'ouest de Metz. Il s'agit de la dernière grande bataille de cavalerie d'Europe. | [
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Iqaluit | Iqaluit | Iqaluit ( ; (meaning "place of fish"); ) is the capital of the Canadian territory of Nunavut, its largest community, and its only city. It was known as Frobisher Bay from 1942 to 1987, after the large bay on the coast of which the city is situated. In 1987, its traditional Inuktitut name was restored. | Iqaluit (en inuktitut :, « les poissons ») est la capitale et la plus grande ville du territoire du Nunavut, au Canada. Les habitants d'Iqaluit s'appellent les "Iqalummiut" (singulier, "Iqalummiuq"), "-miuq" (pl."-miut") étant un suffixe usuel des langues inuites pour désigner les habitants d'un lieu. | [
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BP | BP (entreprise) | BP plc (formerly The British Petroleum Company plc and BP Amoco plc) is a multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is one of the world's seven oil and gas "supermajors", whose performance in 2012, made it the world's sixth-largest oil and gas company, the sixth-largest energy company by market capitalization and the company with the world's 12th-largest revenue (turnover). It is a vertically integrated company operating in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It also has renewable energy interests in biofuels, wind power, smart grid and solar technology. | La société BP est une compagnie britannique de recherche, d'extraction, de raffinage et de vente de pétrole fondée en 1909. Anciennement nommée Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC-1909), puis'(AIOC-1935), puis'(BP-1954), puis BPAmoco (2001), avant d'être renommée BP. | [
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Maracatu | Maracatu | The term maracatu denotes any of several performance genres found in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Main types of maracatu include "Maracatu Nação" (nation-style maracatu) and "Maracatu Rural" (rural-style maracatu). | Le Maracatu est le nom d'un rituel brésilien, pratiqué depuis le début de la colonisation dans la partie Nord-Est du pays (notamment dans l'État du Pernambouc), et hérité de l'histoire des esclaves en hommage au roi du Kongo. Deux types de Maracatu co-existent actuellement : le Maracatu rural et le Maracatu de baque virado. | [
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Les Visiteurs | Les Visiteurs (film, 1993) | Les Visiteurs (; ) is a French fantasy comedy film directed by Jean-Marie Poiré and released in 1993. In this comedy, a 12th-century knight and his squire travel in time to the end of the 20th century and find themselves adrift in modern society. | Les Visiteurs est un film français réalisé par Jean-Marie Poiré, sorti en 1993. Le film raconte l'histoire de deux hommes, le comte Godefroy de Montmirail et son serviteur Jacquouille, transportés par magie dans le temps afin d'éviter la mort accidentelle du beau-père de Godefroy. Mais, à la suite d'une erreur, au lieu de remonter le temps de quelques jours, ils sont transportés du à la fin du. La distribution se compose de Jean Reno dans le rôle de Godefroy de Montmirail, de Christian Clavier dans le rôle de Jacquouille, ainsi que de Valérie Lemercier, Marie-Anne Chazel ou encore de Christian Bujeau. | [
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Glanum | Glanum | Glanum (Hellenistic "Γλανόν", as well as Glano, Calum, Clano, Clanum, Glanu, Glano) was an ancient and wealthy city which still enjoys a magnificent setting below a gorge on the flanks of the Alpilles mountains. It is located about one kilometre south of the town of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. Originally a Celto-Ligurian "oppidum", it expanded under Greek influence before becoming a Roman city. As it was never built over by settlements after the Roman period but was partly buried by deposits washed from the hills above, much of it was preserved. Many of the impressive buildings have been excavated and can be visited today. | De fondation celtique, "Glanon" (hellénistique "Γλανόν") subit une grande influence grecque. Elle est vouée au dieu guérisseur gaulois, Glanis, avant d'être Glanum, cité antique de l'Empire romain, sur la commune de Saint-Rémy-de-Provence dans les Bouches-du-Rhône. Elle a connu son apogée à l'époque du premier empereur romain Auguste. Son développement s'est appuyé sur la protection des reliefs des Alpilles, la présence d'une source (sacrée) et le voisinage de la Voie Domitienne. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Sébastien Faure | Sébastien Faure | Sébastien Faure (born 6 January 1858 in Saint-Étienne, Loire, France; died 14 July 1942 in Royan, Charente-Maritime, France) was a French anarchist, freethought and secularist activist and a principal proponent of synthesis anarchism. | Sébastien Faure, né le à Saint-Étienne et mort le à Royan, est un agent d’assurances puis conférencier professionnel. Propagandiste anarchiste français de renommée internationale, franc-maçon, il est aussi un pédagogue libertaire à l'initiative de La Ruche et l'initiateur de l'Encyclopédie anarchiste en 1925. | [
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The Man in the High Castle | Le Maître du Haut Château | The Man in the High Castle is an alternate history novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. Published and set in 1962, the novel takes place fifteen years after a different end to World War II, and depicts intrigues between the victorious Axis Powers—primarily, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany—as they rule over the former United States, as well as daily life under totalitarian rule. | Le Maître du Haut Château (titre original : "") est un roman uchronique de Philip K. Dick publié en 1962 aux États-Unis et qui reçoit le prix Hugo l'année suivante. La traduction française est publiée pour la première fois en 1970. | [
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Starmania (musical) | Starmania | Starmania is a Canadian-French cyberpunk rock opera written in 1976 with music by Michel Berger and book and lyrics by Luc Plamondon. It debuted in 1978 with a studio recording of the songs, before premiering on stage in 1979. Several of its songs have passed into mainstream Francophone pop culture, and helped original cast members Daniel Balavoine and Diane Dufresne to rise in popularity in France; it is now considered one of the most famous rock operas in French history. | Starmania est un opéra rock cyberpunk de Michel Berger sur un livret de Luc Plamondon. Créée le au Palais des Congrès de Paris, l'œuvre est devenue, au fil des productions et des enregistrements, l'un des spectacles les plus joués et les airs, parmi les plus célèbres du répertoire francophone. | [
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Port-au-Prince | Port-au-Prince | Port-au-Prince (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti. The city's population was estimated at 987,310 in 2015 with the metropolitan area estimated at a population of 2,618,894. The metropolitan area is defined by the IHSI as including the communes of Port-au-Prince, Delmas, Cite Soleil, Tabarre, Carrefour, and Pétion-Ville. | Port-au-Prince ("Pòtoprens" en créole haïtien) est la capitale et la plus peuplée des communes d'Haïti, dont l'aire urbaine compterait près de (2019) appelés "Port-au-Princiens" et "Port-au-Princiennes". Du point de vue administratif, Port-au-Prince est à la fois le chef-lieu du département de l'Ouest et de l'arrondissement de Port-au-Prince. | [
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Gladiator (2000 film) | Gladiator (film, 2000) | Gladiator is a 2000 British-American epic historical drama film directed by Ridley Scott and written by David Franzoni, John Logan, and William Nicholson. The film was co-produced and released by DreamWorks Pictures and Universal Pictures. It stars Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen, Ralf Möller, Oliver Reed (in his final role), Djimon Hounsou, Derek Jacobi, John Shrapnel and Richard Harris. Crowe portrays Roman general Maximus Decimus Meridius, who is betrayed when Commodus, the ambitious son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, murders his father and seizes the throne. Reduced to slavery, Maximus becomes a gladiator and rises through the ranks of the arena to avenge the murders of his family and his emperor. | " revisite le genre du péplum, dont les derniers films majeurs avaient été réalisés dans les années 1960. Le film ne se fonde pas sur des événements réels mais reprend les noms et certains traits de personnalité de l'empereur Marc Aurèle et de ses enfants Commode et Lucilla. | [
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Oculocerebrorenal syndrome | Syndrome de Lowe | Oculocerebrorenal syndrome (also called Lowe syndrome) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, hypotonia, intellectual disability, proximal tubular acidosis, aminoaciduria and low-molecular-weight proteinuria. Lowe syndrome can be considered a cause of Fanconi syndrome (bicarbonaturia, renal tubular acidosis, potassium loss and sodium loss). | Le syndrome de Lowe appelé également OCRL (pour "Oculo Cerebro Renal Lowe" syndrome) a été identifié en 1952 par le docteur Charles Lowe et est caractérisé par différents signes cliniques touchant principalement les yeux, le cerveau et le rein. | [
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Critias | Critias | Critias (;, "Kritias"; c. 460 – 403 BC) was an ancient Athenian political figure and author. Born in Athens, Critias was the son of Callaeschrus and a first cousin of Plato's mother Perictione. He became a leading and violent member of the Thirty Tyrants. He also was an associate of Socrates, a fact that did not endear Socrates to the Athenian public. | Critias (en grec ancien Κριτίας / "Kritías") est un homme politique, un philosophe, un orateur et poète athénien du, né sans doute entre 460 et 450, mort en 403 av. J.-C., cousin de Platon. Son identification est contestée : il pourrait s’agir de son grand-père, nommé lui aussi Critias. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
James Dean | James Dean | James Byron Dean (February 8, 1931 – September 30, 1955) was an American actor. He is remembered as a cultural icon of teenage disillusionment and social estrangement, as expressed in the title of his most celebrated film, "Rebel Without a Cause" (1955), in which he starred as troubled teenager Jim Stark. The other two roles that defined his stardom were loner Cal Trask in "East of Eden" (1955) and surly ranch hand Jett Rink in "Giant" (1956). | James Dean est un acteur américain, né le à Marion (Indiana) et mort le à Cholame (Californie). Son interprétation d'un adolescent rebelle et fragile dans le film "La Fureur de vivre" fait de lui, pour toute une génération, le symbole d'une jeunesse en désarroi. Son décès tragique et prématuré dans un accident de voiture, aux prémices de sa gloire, contribue au mythe et à son entrée dans le panthéon du cinéma américain. Fait unique, il est nommé deux fois à l'Oscar du meilleur acteur à titre posthume. Il compte aussi parmi les rares acteurs (cinq au total) à être nommés dans cette catégorie pour leur premier rôle au cinéma. | [
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Jules Favre | Jules Favre | Jules Claude Gabriel Favre (21 March 1809 – 20 January 1880) was a French statesman. After the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870, he became one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republicans in the National Assembly. | Jules Gabriel Claude Favre, né à Lyon, le et mort à Versailles le, est un avocat et homme politique français. Il appartient à cette génération d'hommes qui a traversé le, jouant un rôle dans presque tous les régimes. Il cumule dans sa vie diverses activités, celle de député à l'Assemblée nationale puis au Corps législatif, celle du barreau ou encore celle de la plume : il écrit ainsi dans des journaux de la Monarchie de Juillet comme "Le Précurseur" et cofonde, sous le Second Empire, "L'électeur libre". | [
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Sallust | Salluste | Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust (; 86 – c. 35 BC), was a Roman historian and politician from an Italian plebeian family. Sallust was born at Amiternum in the country of the Sabines and was a "popularis", an opponent of the old Roman aristocracy, throughout his career, and later a partisan of Julius Caesar. Sallust is the earliest known Roman historian with surviving works to his name, of which "Catiline's War" (about the conspiracy in 63 BC of L. Sergius Catilina), "The Jugurthine War" (about Rome's war against the Numidian King Jugurtha from 111 to 105 BC), and the "Histories" (of which only fragments survive) are still extant. Sallust was primarily influenced by the Greek historian Thucydides and amassed great (and ill-gotten) wealth from his governorship of Africa. | Salluste ou Gaius Sallustius Crispus, né en -86 à Amiternum, cité fondée par les Sabins, et décédé en -35 ou -34, est un homme politique et historien romain. | [
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Gregor Mendel | Gregor Mendel | Gregor Johann Mendel (; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) () was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire (today's Czech Republic) and gained posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics. Though farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. | Johann Gregor Mendel, né le et mort le, est un moine catholique au monastère Saint-Thomas de Brünn (en margraviat de Moravie), généticien et un botaniste germanophone de nationalité autrichienne, communément reconnu comme le père fondateur de la génétique. Il est à l'origine de ce qui est actuellement appelé les lois de Mendel, qui définissent la manière dont les gènes se transmettent de génération en génération. | [
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Psoriasis | Psoriasis | Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by raised areas of abnormal skin. These areas are typically red, or purple on some people with darker skin, dry, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis varies in severity from small, localized patches to complete body coverage. Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as the Koebner phenomenon. There are five main types of psoriasis: plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic. Plaque psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris, makes up about 90 percent of cases. It typically presents as red patches with white scales on top. Areas of the body most commonly affected are the back of the forearms, shins, navel area, and scalp. Guttate psoriasis has drop-shaped lesions. Pustular psoriasis presents as small non-infectious pus-filled blisters. Inverse psoriasis forms red patches in skin folds. Erythrodermic psoriasis occurs when the rash becomes very widespread, and can develop from any of the other types. Fingernails and toenails are affected in most people with psoriasis at some point in time. This may include pits in the nails or changes in nail color. Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is triggered by environmental factors. If one twin has psoriasis, the other twin is three times more likely to be affected if the twins are identical than if they are non-identical. This suggests that genetic factors predispose to psoriasis. Symptoms often worsen during winter and with certain medications, such as beta blockers or NSAIDs. Infections and psychological stress can also play a role. Psoriasis is not contagious. The underlying mechanism involves the immune system reacting to skin cells. Diagnosis is typically based on the signs and symptoms. There is no cure for psoriasis; however, various treatments can help control the symptoms. These treatments include steroid creams, vitamin D3 cream, ultraviolet light and immune system suppressing medications, such as methotrexate. About 75 percent of skin involvement improves with creams alone. The disease affects two to four percent of the population. Men and women are affected with equal frequency. The disease may begin at any age, but typically starts in adulthood. Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis, lymphomas, cardiovascular disease, Crohn disease, and depression. Psoriatic arthritis affects up to 30 percent of individuals with psoriasis. | Le psoriasis est une maladie inflammatoire systémique et chronique à médiation immunitaire, affectant principalement la peau mais aussi d'autres organes (articulations, système cardiovasculaire, muqueuses...). Cette maladie concerne environ 3 à 5 % de la population européenne. Elle s'accompagne d'inflammations symétriques du derme et de l’épiderme ainsi qu'un renouvellement excessif des cellules de la peau. Du fait de ses origines multifactorielles cette affection est d'aspect clinique polymorphe et possède une grande variété de localisation. D'étiologie incertaine, probablement multigénique, elle est non contagieuse et ne se guérit pas. Les traitements connus permettent seulement de freiner ou de résorber l'inflammation associée. | [
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Fort Boyard (fortification) | Fort Boyard (monument) | Fort Boyard () is a fort located between the Île-d'Aix and the Île d'Oléron in the Pertuis d'Antioche straits, on the west coast of France and is the filming location for the TV gameshow of the same name. Though a fort on Boyard bank was suggested as early as the 17th century, it was not until the 1800s under Napoleon Bonaparte that work began. Building started in 1801 and was completed in 1857. In 1967, the final scene of the French film "Les aventuriers" was filmed at the remains of the fort. | Le fort Boyard (prononciation : — plus rarement : ) est une fortification située sur un haut fond formé d'un banc de sable à l'origine, appelé la « longe de Boyard » qui se découvre à marée basse et est situé entre l'île d'Aix au nord-est, l'île d'Oléron au sud-ouest, avec l'île Madame au sud-est et l'île de Ré au nord, appartenant à l'archipel charentais. La Longe de Boyard est rattachée au cadastre de la commune de l'Île-d'Aix, dans le département de la Charente-Maritime. | [
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Bolzano | Bolzano | Bolzano ( ;, ; ; or ) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. With a population of 108,245, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in South Tyrol and the third largest in Tyrol. The greater metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants and is one of the urban centers within the Alps. Bolzano is the seat of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, where lectures and seminars are held in English, German, and Italian. The city is also home to the Italian Army's Alpini High Command (COMALP) and some of its combat and support units. | Bolzano en italien, Bozen en allemand et Bolzane en français est une ville italienne du Haut-Adige dans la région autonome du Trentin-Haut-Adige. | [
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Snowplow | Chasse-neige | A snowplow (also snow plow, snowplough or snow plough) is a device intended for mounting on a vehicle, used for removing snow and ice from outdoor surfaces, typically those serving transportation purposes. Although this term is often used to refer to vehicles mounting such devices, more accurately they are known as winter service vehicles, especially in areas that regularly receive large amounts of snow every year, or in specific environments such as airfields. In other cases, pickup trucks and front end loaders are outfitted with attachments to fulfill this purpose. Some regions that do not frequently see snow may use graders to remove compacted snow and ice off the streets. Snowplows can also be mounted on rail cars or locomotives to clear railway tracks. | Un chasse-neige, ou une gratte et une charrue à neige au Canada, est un engin de service hivernal destiné au déneigement pour débarrasser la voirie de la neige et la rendre praticable aux autres véhicules sur la route comme sur le rail. Cet appareil est muni d'un ou de plusieurs versoirs à l'avant, utilisés pour pousser la neige sur le bas-côté. | [
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Sophist | Sophiste | A sophist (, "sophistes") was a specific kind of teacher in ancient Greece, in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. Many sophists specialized in using the tools of philosophy and rhetoric, though other sophists taught subjects such as music, athletics and mathematics. In general, they claimed to teach "arete" ("excellence" or "virtue", applied to various subject areas), predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. | Un sophiste (du grec ancien σοφιστής, "sophistès" : « spécialiste du savoir », formé à partir de "sophia" : « savoir, sagesse ») désigne à l'origine un orateur et un professeur d'éloquence de la Grèce antique, dont la culture et la maîtrise du discours font un personnage prestigieux dès le (en particulier dans le contexte de la démocratie athénienne), et contre lequel la philosophie va en partie se développer. Au sens moderne, il désigne une « personne utilisant des sophismes, des arguments ou des raisonnements spécieux pour tromper ou faire illusion ». | [
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Squaring the circle | Quadrature du cercle | Squaring the circle is a problem proposed by ancient geometers. It is the challenge of constructing a square with the same area as a given circle by using only a finite number of steps with compass and straightedge. The difficulty of the problem raised the question of whether specified axioms of Euclidean geometry concerning the existence of lines and circles implied the existence of such a square. | La quadrature du cercle est un problème classique de mathématiques apparaissant en géométrie. Il fait partie des trois grands problèmes de l'Antiquité, avec la trisection de l'angle et la duplication du cube. | [
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CN Tower | Tour CN | The CN Tower () is a concrete communications and observation tower located in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976. Its name "CN" originally referred to Canadian National, the railway company that built the tower. Following the railway's decision to divest non-core freight railway assets prior to the company's privatization in 1995, it transferred the tower to the Canada Lands Company, a federal Crown corporation responsible for real estate development. | La tour CN (en anglais ) est une tour de située dans le centre de Toronto, au Canada, qui est devenue l'emblème de cette ville. La tour est parfois appelée "la tour du Canadien National", car la compagnie ferroviaire du Canadien National (CN) était propriétaire de la tour. Pendant, la tour CN a été la plus haute tour du monde avant d'être dépassée en 2009 par la Burj Khalifa et la Tour de télévision et de tourisme de Canton. Elle reste à ce jour la plus haute tour de l'hémisphère occidental. | [
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Geography of South Africa | Géographie de l'Afrique du Sud | South Africa occupies the southern tip of Africa, its coastline stretching more than from the desert border with Namibia on the Atlantic (western) coast southwards around the tip of Africa and then northeast to the border with Mozambique on the Indian Ocean. The low-lying coastal zone is narrow for much of that distance, soon giving way to a mountainous escarpment (Great Escarpment) that separates the coast from the high inland plateau. In some places, notably the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east, a greater distance separates the coast from the escarpment. Although most of the country is classified as semi-arid, it has considerable variation in climate as well as topography. The total land area is. It has the 23rd largest Exclusive Economic Zone of. | LAfrique du Sud occupe toute la partie australe de l'Afrique. Son littoral couvre plus de allant de la frontière désertique avec la Namibie sur l'Océan Atlantique à l'ouest, jusqu'à la frontière avec le Mozambique sur l'Océan Indien au nord-est. La zone côtière inférieure est étroite sur une grande partie de cette surface, cédant la place à un escarpement montagneux ("Great Escarpment") qui sépare la côte du plateau élevé. À certains endroits, notamment dans la province du KwaZulu-Natal, à l'est, une plus longue distance sépare la côte de l'escarpement. Bien que la majeure partie du pays soit classée comme semi-aride, le climat et la topographie varient considérablement. | [
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Battle of Sedan | Bataille de Sedan | The Battle of Sedan was fought during the Franco-Prussian War from 1 to 2 September 1870. Resulting in the capture of Emperor Napoleon III and large numbers of his troops, it effectively decided the war in favour of Prussia and its allies, though fighting continued under a new French government. | La bataille de Sedan a eu lieu le septembre 1870, durant la guerre franco-prussienne. S'opposèrent à l'issue de cette dernière l'armée française ("l'Armée de Châlons"), forte de et de commandée par l'empereur Napoléon III, à l'armée prussienne sous le commandement du futur Kaiser (Guillaume de Prusse), forte de et de. Ce fut une victoire décisive des forces prussiennes, l'Empereur ayant lui-même été fait prisonnier, mettant fin à la guerre en faveur de la Prusse et de ses alliés (la Bavière notamment), bien que le combat continuât sous la nouvelle République. | [
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King Crimson | King Crimson | King Crimson are an English progressive rock band formed in London in 1968. King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and many contemporary artists. Although the band has undergone numerous formations throughout its history, Robert Fripp is the only constant member of the group and is considered the band's leader and driving force. The band has earned a large cult following. They were ranked No. 87 on VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock". Although considered to be a seminal progressive rock band (a genre characterised by extended instrumental sections and complex song structures), they have often distanced themselves from the genre: as well as influencing several generations of progressive and psychedelic rock bands, they have also been an influence on subsequent alternative metal, hardcore and experimental/noise musicians. | King Crimson est un groupe rock progressif britannique, originaire de Londres, en Angleterre. Avec des albums tels que "In the Court of the Crimson King" (1969) ou "Red" (1974), il est considéré comme l'un des représentants majeurs du rock progressif. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Doppler effect | Effet Doppler | The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. It is named after the Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, who described the phenomenon in 1842. | L'effet Doppler, ou effet Doppler-Fizeau, est le décalage de fréquence d’une onde (mécanique, acoustique, électromagnétique ou d'une autre nature) observé entre les mesures à l'émission et à la réception, lorsque la distance entre l'émetteur et le récepteur varie au cours du temps. Si on désigne de façon générale ce phénomène physique sous le nom d'effet Doppler, le nom d'« effet Doppler-Fizeau » est réservé aux ondes électromagnétiques. | [
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Hippolyte Fizeau | Hippolyte Fizeau | Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau FRS FRSE MIF (23 September 181918 September 1896) was a French physicist, best known for measuring the speed of light in the namesake Fizeau experiment. | Armand Hippolyte Fizeau, né à Paris le et mort au château de Venteuil, aux environs de La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, le, est un physicien, astronome français qui travailla notamment sur la lumière. | [
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Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme | Thiers | Thiers (; Auvergnat: "Tièrn") is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department of Auvergne in central France. With Ambert, Issoire and Riom, it is one of the department's four sub-prefectures. The district of Thiers consists of forty-three municipalities in six cantons. Its inhabitants are known as Thiernois or Bitords. | Thiers () est une commune française, située dans le département du Puy-de-Dôme en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes adhérente du parc naturel régional Livradois-Forez. Elle est l'une des quatre sous-préfectures du département avec Ambert, Issoire et Riom. Les habitants sont appelés les Thiernois, voire également les "bitords". | [
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Cuban rumba | Rumba | Rumba is a secular genre of Cuban music involving dance, percussion, and song. It originated in the northern regions of Cuba, mainly in urban Havana and Matanzas, during the late 19th century. It is based on African music and dance traditions, namely Abakuá and yuka, as well as the Spanish-based "coros de clave". According to Argeliers León, rumba is one of the major "genre complexes" of Cuban music, and the term rumba complex is now commonly used by musicologists. This complex encompasses the three traditional forms of rumba (yambú, guaguancó and columbia), as well as their contemporary derivatives and other minor styles. | La rumba est un genre musical cubain, fait de chants et de percussions, qui s'est développé au dans les milieux afro-cubains de la capitale, La Havane. C’est une danse très symbolique. | [
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Rive-de-Gier | Rive-de-Gier | Rive-de-Gier is a commune in the Loire department in central France. It was an important center of Loire coal mining basin, glass making and iron and steel manufacture in the 19th century. In the late 20th century the town lost most of its heavy industries. | Rive-de-Gier est une commune française située dans le département de la Loire en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Ses habitants sont appelés les "Ripagériens". | [
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Greco-Persian Wars | Guerres médiques | The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great conquered the Greek-inhabited region of Ionia in 547 BC. Struggling to control the independent-minded cities of Ionia, the Persians appointed tyrants to rule each of them. This would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and Persians alike. | Les guerres médiques opposent les Grecs aux Perses de l'Empire achéménide au début du Elles sont déclenchées par la révolte des cités grecques asiatiques contre la domination perse, l'intervention d'Athènes en leur faveur entraînant des représailles. Les deux expéditions militaires des souverains achéménides Darius et Xerxès constituent les principaux épisodes militaires de ce conflit ; elles se concluent par la victoire spectaculaire des cités grecques européennes conduites par Athènes et Sparte. | [
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Ethics (Spinoza) | Éthique (Spinoza) | Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order (), usually known as the Ethics, is a philosophical treatise written in Latin by Benedictus de Spinoza. It was written between 1661 and 1675 and was first published posthumously in 1677. | L'Éthique ( - en forme longue ou, littéralement « Éthique démontrée suivant l'ordre des géomètres ») est une œuvre philosophique de Spinoza rédigée en latin entre 1661 et 1675, publiée à sa mort en 1677 et interdite l'année suivante. Il s'agit sans doute de son ouvrage le plus connu et le plus important : son impact, entre autres sur les penseurs français, va grandissant depuis les années 1930. | [
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Estado Novo (Portugal) | Estado Novo (Portugal) | The Estado Novo (, "New State"), or the Second Republic, was the corporatist period of rule beginning in Portugal in 1933. It evolved from the "Ditadura Nacional" ("National Dictatorship") formed after the "coup d'état" of 28 May 1926 against the democratic and unstable First Republic. Together, the "Ditadura Nacional" and the "Estado Novo" are recognised as the Second Portuguese Republic. The "Estado Novo", greatly inspired by conservative and autocratic ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, when illness forced him out of office. After 1945, his corporatist economic model was less and less useful and it slowed economic modernization. | L’Estado Novo (en français : « État nouveau ») qualifie le régime corporatiste autoritaire de la Deuxième République portugaise de 1933 à 1974, assimilé à une forme de dictature et de fascisme. La figure centrale de ce régime est António de Oliveira Salazar. La révolution des Œillets, le 25 avril 1974, met fin à 48 ans de « militaro-salazarisme ». | [
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Musical theatre | Comédie musicale | Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements. Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals. | La comédie musicale est un genre théâtral, mêlant comédie, chant, danse et les claquettes. Apparue au tout début du, elle se situe dans la lignée du mariage du théâtre et de la musique classique qui avait donné naissance aux siècles précédents au ballet, à l'opéra, à l'opéra-bouffe et à l'opérette. Elle s'est particulièrement développée aux États-Unis, se dissociant à partir des années 1910 du genre classique par l'intégration de musiques « nouvelles » comme le jazz. De fait, le terme évoque de nos jours principalement les États-Unis et plus spécialement Broadway. | [
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Economic history | Histoire économique | Economic history is the academic study of economies or economic events of the past. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the application of economic theory to historical situations and institutions. The field can encompass a wide variety of topics, including equality, finance, technology, labor, and business. It emphasizes historicizing the economy itself, analyzing it as a dynamic force and attempting to provide insights into the way it is structured and conceived. | L’histoire économique est une discipline de la recherche historique ayant pour objet l’étude des économies ou des phénomènes économiques du passé et leur évolution dans le temps. Il ne faut pas la confondre avec l’histoire des concepts, doctrines et théories économiques, car elle est à prendre dans le sens de l’histoire économique des êtres humains. L’histoire économique combine à la fois des méthodes de recherche propres à l’historien et d’autres purement économiques, comme les statistiques. | [
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Bressuire | Bressuire | Bressuire () is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in France. The town is situated on an eminence overlooking the Dolo, a tributary of the Argenton. | Bressuire est une commune du centre-ouest de la France, située dans le département des Deux-Sèvres dont elle est l'une des deux sous-préfectures (avec Parthenay), au sein de la région Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Ses habitants sont appelés les "Bressuirais". | [
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Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game | Palladium (jeu de rôle) | The Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game (often shortened to Palladium Fantasy or PFRPG) is a game produced by Palladium Books. It is set in the Palladium world (use of the unofficial name "Palladia" is discouraged by the publisher) some 10,000 years after a great war between the elves and dwarves. First published in July 1983 as "The Palladium Role-Playing Game", the "Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game" saw a second edition in April 1996. The two are largely compatible, though the second edition uses a later iteration of Palladium's ruleset to be more compatible with the rest of their Megaverse. | Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game est un jeu de rôle médiéval-fantastique à l'image d'AD&D, édité par Palladium Books. Il fut développé entre 1979 et 1981 par Kevin Siembieda et Erick Wujcik, au cours d'une campagne-test "the Defilers of Baalzebul". Cette campagne était maîtrisée par Kevin Siembieda au Détroit Gaming Center et regroupait plus de vingt joueurs chaque samedi soir. | [
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Halloween | Halloween | Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of Hallows' Even or Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day. It begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed. | Halloween ou l'Halloween en français canadien, est une fête folklorique et païenne traditionnelle originaire des îles Anglos-Celtes célébrée dans la soirée du 31 octobre, veille de la fête chrétienne de la Toussaint. Son nom est une contraction de l'anglais'qui signifie'en anglais contemporain et peut se traduire comme « la veille de tous les saints » ou « la veillée de la Toussaint ». | [
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Joseph Deiss | Joseph Deiss | Joseph Deiss (born 18 January 1946) is an economist, Swiss politician and a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC). From 1999 to 2006, he was a member of the Swiss Federal Council, heading first the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (1999–2002) and then the Federal Department of Economic Affairs (2003–2006). He was elected President of the United Nations General Assembly for its 65th session in 2010. | Joseph Deiss, né le à Fribourg, originaire de Zeihen, est un économiste et homme politique suisse. Membre du Parti démocrate-chrétien, il est conseiller fédéral de 1999 à 2006. De à, il est président de la de l'Assemblée générale des Nations unies. | [
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Drew Barrymore | Drew Barrymore | Drew Blythe Barrymore (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress, producer, director, author, model and entrepreneur. She is a member of the Barrymore family of actors, and the granddaughter of John Barrymore. She achieved fame as a child actress with her role in "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" (1982). She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including a Golden Globe, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a BAFTA nomination. | Drew Barrymore est une actrice, productrice et réalisatrice américaine, née le à Culver City (Californie). Elle est la petite-fille de l'acteur John Barrymore et de l'actrice Dolores Costello, et la filleule du réalisateur Steven Spielberg. | [
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National Council (Switzerland) | Conseil national (Suisse) | The National Council (,,, ) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the upper house being the Council of States. With 200 seats, the National Council is the larger of the two houses. | Le Conseil national (en allemand "Nationalrat", en italien "Consiglio Nazionale" et en romanche "Cussegl Naziunal") est la chambre basse de l'Assemblée fédérale suisse. Il représente la population suisse alors que le Conseil des États représente les cantons suisses. Il a été instauré par la constitution fédérale de 1848. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Villiers (Paris Métro) | Villiers (métro de Paris) | Villiers () is a station on Line 2 and Line 3 of the Paris Métro. It is located on the border of the 8th and 17th arrondissement of Paris. | Villiers est une station des lignes 2 et 3 du métro de Paris, située à la limite des 8 et 17 arrondissements de Paris. | [
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Council of States (Switzerland) | Conseil des États (Suisse) | The Council of States (,,, ) is the smaller chamber of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland. It is considered the Assembly's upper house, with the National Council being the lower house. It comprises 46 members. | Le Conseil des États (en allemand "Ständerat", en italien "Consiglio degli Stati" et en romanche "Cussegl dals Stadis") est la chambre haute de l'Assemblée fédérale suisse. Il représente les cantons suisses alors que le Conseil national représente la population suisse. Il a été instauré par la constitution fédérale de 1848. | [
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Routing Information Protocol | Routing Information Protocol | The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols which employ the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from source to destination. The largest number of hops allowed for RIP is 15, which limits the size of networks that RIP can support. | Pour chaque réseau IP connu, chaque routeur conserve l'adresse du routeur voisin dont la métrique est la plus petite. Ces meilleures routes sont diffusées toutes les. | [
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La Débâcle | La Débâcle | La Débâcle is a novel by Émile Zola published in 1892, the penultimate in "Les Rougon-Macquart" series. The story is set against the background of the political and military events that ended the reign of Napoléon III and the Second Empire in 1870, in particular the Franco-Prussian War, the Battle of Sedan and the Paris Commune. The novel has been translated as The Debacle and The Downfall. The late nineteenth century English novelist George Gissing tried to read the novel in French in February 1896, through "intervals of rage", but without specifying what was the cause. | La Débâcle est un roman d’Émile Zola publié en 1892, le dix-neuvième volume de la série "Les Rougon-Macquart", dont il constitue la conclusion historique. | [
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