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Alliteration | Allitération | In literature, alliteration is the conspicuous repetition of identical initial consonant sounds in successive or closely associated syllables within a group of words, even those spelled differently. As a method of linking words for effect, alliteration is also called head rhyme or initial rhyme. For example, ""h"umble "h"ouse," or ""p"otential "p"ower "p"lay." A familiar example is ""P"eter "P"iper "p"icked a "p"eck of "p"ickled "p"eppers". "Alliteration" is from the Latin word "littera", meaning "letter of the alphabet"; it was first coined in a Latin dialogue by the Italian humanist Giovanni Pontano in the 15th century. Alliteration is used poetically in various languages around the world, including Irish, German, Mongolian, Hungarian, American Sign Language, Somali, Finnish, Icelandic. | Une allitération, du latin "ad" (à) et "littera" (lettre), est une figure de style qui consiste en la répétition d'une ou plusieurs consonnes (par contraste avec l"'assonance", qui se base sur la répétition de voyelles), souvent à l'attaque des syllabes accentuées, à l'intérieur d'un même vers ou d'une même phrase. Elle vise un effet essentiellement rythmique, mais permet aussi de redoubler, sur le plan phonique, ce que le signifié représente. Elle permet de lier phoniquement et sémantiquement des qualités ou caractéristiques tenant du propos afin d'en renforcer la teneur ou la portée sur l'interlocuteur. L'allitération a une forte fonction d'harmonie imitative ; en ce sens elle peut être considérée comme un type d'onomatopée (voir le vers de Jean Racine). L'allitération est couramment utilisée en poésie, mais est également connue en prose, particulièrement pour des phrases courtes ou dans les romans poétiques. Elle est proche du virelangue et du tautogramme. | [
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Mattt Konture | Mattt Konture | Mattt Konture (born September 27, 1965) is a French underground comics author and musician. He is one of the founders of the French publishing house L'Association and is a forerunner of the French autobiographical comics movement. | Mathieu de la Fouchardière, dit Mattt Konture, né le à Viry-Chatillon en France, est un auteur français de bande dessinée. C'est l'un des fondateurs de la maison d'édition L'Association. Il vit à Montpellier et fait partie du groupe de rock Courge. | [
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Transit (astronomy) | Transit (astronomie) | In astronomy, a transit (or astronomical transit) is a phenomenon when a celestial body passes directly between a larger body and the observer. As viewed from a particular vantage point, the transiting body appears to move across the face of the larger body, covering a small portion of it. | Un transit est, en astronomie, le passage d'un objet céleste entre l'observateur et un autre objet. Le premier objet paraît alors se déplacer devant le deuxième. | [
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Imperialism | Impérialisme | Imperialism is a policy or ideology of extending a country's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas. Imperialism has been common throughout recorded history, the earliest examples dating from the mid-third millennium BC. In recent times (since at least the 1870s), it has often been considered morally reprehensible and prohibited by international law. As a result, propagandists operating internationally may use the term to denounce an opponent's foreign policy. | L'impérialisme est une stratégie doctrine politique de conquête, visant la formation d'un empire ou d'une domination. Pour John Atkinson Hobson, la nouveauté dans l'impérialisme de la fin du et du début du, c'est qu'il n'est plus lié à l'idée d'un empire couvrant le monde connu, comme c'était le cas dans le cadre de la Pax Romana. Au contraire, à la suite de la montée du nationalisme au, cet impérialisme donne lieu à une lutte entre empires concurrents (Empire allemand, Empire britannique, Empire russe, etc.). Au niveau économique, l'impérialisme est alors de nature protectionniste et s'oppose au libre-échange. Par ailleurs, ses liens avec certaines formes de capitalisme monopolistique sont mis en avant par de nombreux auteurs marxistes. De nos jours, ce terme est employé de façon large pour désigner tout rapport de domination établi par une nation ou pays sur un ou plusieurs autres pays. | [
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Root (linguistics) | Racine et radical (linguistique) | A root (or root word) is a word that does not have a prefix in front of the word or a suffix at the end of the word. The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (this root is then called the base word), which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Content words in nearly all languages contain, and may consist only of, root morphemes. However, sometimes the term "root" is also used to describe the word minus its inflectional endings, but with its lexical endings in place. For example, "chatters" has the inflectional root or lemma "chatter", but the lexical root "chat". Inflectional roots are often called stems, and a root in the stricter sense may be thought of as a monomorphemic stem. | En linguistique, les deux termes « racine » et « radical » sont associés. Certains linguistes y voient même des synonymes, d’autant plus qu’en anglais on utilise le terme "root" comme équivalent des deux, Crystal 2008 mentionnant que le terme "radical" est parfois utilisé au lieu de "root". En effet, les deux termes ont en commun de se référer à un élément de base du mot, dépourvu de tout affixe, dans les langues flexionnelles et les langues agglutinantes. Cependant, actuellement, les deux termes sont distingués dans la terminologie linguistique française selon certaines caractéristiques de l’élément de mot en question. De plus, chacun des deux termes continue d’avoir plusieurs interprétations. | [
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Root | Racine (botanique) | In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that typically lie below the surface of the soil. Roots can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water. Furthermore, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either (see rhizome). Therefore, the root is best defined as the non-leaf, non-nodes bearing parts of the plant's body. There are important internal structural differences between stems and roots. | En botanique, la racine est l'organe souterrain d'une plante servant à la fixer au sol et à y puiser l'eau et les éléments nutritifs nécessaires à son développement. Prolongement de la tige vers le bas, elle en diffère par plusieurs caractères : sa structure interne, son géotropisme positif, la présence d'une coiffe terminale et de poils absorbants, l'absence de feuilles et de bourgeons. C'est ce dernier caractère qui la distingue fondamentalement de la tige. | [
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Kraków | Cracovie | Kraków (,,, ), written in English as Krakow and traditionally known as Cracow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Province, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town was declared the first UNESCO World Heritage Site in the world. | Cracovie ( ) est le chef-lieu de la voïvodie de Petite-Pologne ("Małopolska"). Située au bord de la Vistule, cette ancienne capitale de la Pologne, riche de mille ans d'histoire est considérée comme le véritable centre culturel et intellectuel du pays, qui s’enorgueillit de posséder l’une des plus anciennes universités d’Europe Centrale, l'Université Jagellonne. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Tahiti | Tahiti | Tahiti (; ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean. Divided into two parts, "Tahiti Nui" (bigger, northwestern part) and "Tahiti Iti" (smaller, southeastern part), the island was formed from volcanic activity; it is high and mountainous with surrounding coral reefs. Its population is 133,627 inhabitants (2020), making it the most populous island of French Polynesia and accounting for 68.7% of its total population. | Tahiti est une île de la Polynésie française (collectivité d'outre-mer) située dans le Sud de l'océan Pacifique. Elle fait partie du groupe des îles du Vent et de l'archipel de la Société. Cette île haute et montagneuse, d'origine volcanique, est entourée d'un récif de corail. L'île est composée de deux parties. | [
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Postfix (software) | Postfix | Postfix is a free and open-source mail transfer agent (MTA) that routes and delivers electronic mail. It is released under the IBM Public License 1.0 which is a free software license. Alternatively, starting with version 3.2.5, it is available under the Eclipse Public License 2.0 at the user's option. | Postfix est un serveur de messagerie électronique et un logiciel libre développé par Wietse Venema et plusieurs contributeurs. Il se charge de la livraison de courriers électroniques (courriels) et a été conçu comme une alternative plus rapide, plus facile à administrer et plus sécurisée que l'historique Sendmail. | [
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Karbala | Kerbala | Karbala or Kerbala (,, ;) is a city in central Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few dozen miles east of Lake Milh. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governorate, and has an estimated population of 700,000 people (2015). | Kerbala (arabe : "Karbalāʾ", ; aussi transcrite en « Karbala » ou « Kerbela ») qui étymologiquement signifie « Terre de la souffrance et du croisement des sabres » (), est une ville d'Irak, située à au sud-ouest de Bagdad. Sa population en 2003 était de. C'est la capitale de la province de Karbala. | [
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Sendmail | Sendmail | Sendmail is a general purpose internetwork email routing facility that supports many kinds of mail-transfer and delivery methods, including the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) used for email transport over the Internet. | Descendant du logiciel ARPANET Delivermail, Sendmail est un programme très flexible supportant un large éventail de moyens de transfert et de livraison de courriers électroniques, incluant le populaire SMTP. La première version de Sendmail a été écrite au début des années 1980 par Eric Allman (université de Californie à Berkeley), qui avait également écrit Delivermail. | [
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Punjab | Pendjab | Punjab (,,, ; ), also spelled and romanised as Panjāb, is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India. The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts. | Le Pendjab ou Panjab ou Pandjab (en pendjabi, anglais "Punjab") est une région du sous-continent indien comprenant une grande partie de l'est du Pakistan (province du Pendjab pakistanais) et du nord-ouest de l'Inde (État du Pendjab indien et parties de l'Haryana, l'Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Jammu et Delhi). | [
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Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber | Heinrich Biber | Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (12 August 1644 (baptised) – 3 May 1704) was a Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist. Born in the small Bohemian town of Wartenberg (now Stráž pod Ralskem), Biber worked in Graz and Kremsier (now Kroměříž) before he illegally left his Kremsier employer, Prince-Bishop Carl Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn, and settled in Salzburg. He remained there for the rest of his life, publishing much of his music but apparently seldom, if ever, giving concert tours. | Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber né le à Wartenberg (aujourd'hui Stráž pod Ralskem, en République tchèque), mort le à Salzbourg, est un violoniste et compositeur baroque austro-tchèque. | [
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Minaret | Minaret | Minaret (; ',,, from ') is a type of tower typically built into or adjacent to mosques. Minarets serve multiple purposes. While they provide a visual focal point, they are generally used for the Muslim call to prayer (adhan). The basic form of a minaret includes a base, shaft, a cap and head. They are generally a tall spire with a conical or onion-shaped crown. | Le minaret, mot dérivé de l'arabe, « manara » ou plus généralement مئذنة « mi’dhana »(= "phare") est un élément architectural des mosquées. Son origine est chrétienne, les musulmans la copient après leur arrivée à Damas en voyant l'Église Saint-Jean le Baptiste (actuelle Mosquée des Omeyyades) dotée d'un minaret.Ils y copièrent aussi l'appel aux vêpres des chrétiens. Le terme s'appliqua d'abord aux tours à feu avant de désigner les tours près des mosquées. Il s'agit généralement d'une tour élevée dépassant tous les autres bâtiments. Son but est de fournir un point élevé au muezzin pour les cinq appels à la prière. | [
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Guanajuato City | Guanajuato | Guanajuato () is a city and municipality in central Mexico and the capital of the state of the same name. It is part of the macroregion of the Bajío. It is in a narrow valley, which makes its streets narrow and winding. Most are alleys that cars cannot pass through, and some are long sets of stairs up the mountainsides. Many of the city's thoroughfares are partially or fully underground. The historic center has numerous small plazas and colonial-era mansions, churches, and civil constructions built using pink or green sandstone. | Guanajuato est la capitale de l'État homonyme, au Mexique. D'une population d'environ 184 239 habitants, elle est située à environ au nord-ouest de Mexico. | [
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History of Greece | Histoire de la Grèce | The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically. The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied throughout the ages and as a result the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes. Generally, the history of Greece is divided into the following periods: | Cet article contient les faits saillants de l'histoire de la Grèce de la préhistoire à aujourd'hui. Sites archéologiques et sources écrites étant à la fois abondants et fort anciens en Grèce, l'histoire de ce pays est riche et, pour de larges périodes, connue en détail, de la Grèce antique à la Grèce actuelle en passant par l’empire d’Alexandre le Grand, l’Empire romain et byzantin, la domination ottomane, le Royaume de Grèce, la guerre civile, et la dictature des colonels. | [
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U.S. Agency for Global Media | Broadcasting Board of Governors | The U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM), formerly the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), is an independent agency of the United States government which operates various state-run media outlets. It describes its mission, "vital to US national interests", to "inform, engage, and connect people around the world in support of freedom and democracy" and in accordance to the "broad foreign policy objectives of the United States". USAGM supervises Voice of America (VOA), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio y Televisión Martí, Radio Free Asia, and Alhurra. | Le Broadcasting Board of Governors (ou BBG) est l’agence indépendante du gouvernement des États-Unis chargé du contrôle des radios et télévisions internationales financées par le gouvernement américain, suite au, voté en 1994, sous le gouvernement de Bill Clinton et dépendant de 1994 à 1999, de l'agence de propagande d'état, l'United States Information Agency, puis par le United States International Television Service. Le bureau est choisi pour 8 de ses membres par le président des États-Unis et le neuvième est le secrétaire d'État | [
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Pax Romana | Pax Romana | The Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman Peace") is a roughly 200-year-long period in Roman history which is identified with increased and sustained inner hegemonial peace and stability (though not meaning without wars, expansion and revolts). It is traditionally dated as commencing from the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, in 27 BC and concluding in 180 AD with the death of Marcus Aurelius, the last of the "good emperors". Since it was inaugurated by Augustus with the end of the Final War of the Roman Republic, it is sometimes called the Pax Augusta. During this period of approximately two centuries, the Roman Empire achieved its greatest territorial extent and its population reached a maximum of up to 70 million people. According to Cassius Dio, the dictatorial reign of Commodus, later followed by the Year of the Five Emperors and the crisis of the third century, marked the descent "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust". | La Pax Romana (expression latine traduite par « paix romaine ») désigne la longue période de paix (du au ) imposée par l'Empire romain aux régions conquises. | [
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Marc Lépine | Marc Lépine | Marc Lépine (; born Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi; October 26, 1964 – December 6, 1989) was a Canadian mass murderer from Montreal, Quebec who, in 1989, murdered fourteen women, and wounded ten women and four men at the École Polytechnique de Montréal, an engineering school affiliated with the Université de Montréal, in the École Polytechnique massacre, also known as the "Montreal Massacre". | Marc Lépine, né Gamil Gharbi (ou Gamil Rodrigue Liass Gharbi) le à Montréal au Québec, et mort dans cette même province le, est un criminel canadien. Il est l'auteur de la tuerie de l'École polytechnique de Montréal survenue le. Ce jour-là, il assassine quatorze femmes, dont treize étudiantes et une secrétaire, et fait 14 blessés, dont dix femmes. Il se suicide ensuite, laissant une lettre dans laquelle il explique son acte pour des motifs antiféministes. | [
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Library of Alexandria | Bibliothèque d'Alexandrie | The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world. The Library was part of a larger research institution called the Mouseion, which was dedicated to the Muses, the nine goddesses of the arts. The idea of a universal library in Alexandria may have been proposed by Demetrius of Phalerum, an exiled Athenian statesman living in Alexandria, to Ptolemy I Soter, who may have established plans for the Library, but the Library itself was probably not built until the reign of his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus. The Library quickly acquired many papyrus scrolls, due largely to the Ptolemaic kings' aggressive and well-funded policies for procuring texts. It is unknown precisely how many such scrolls were housed at any given time, but estimates range from 40,000 to 400,000 at its height. | La bibliothèque d'Alexandrie, fondée à Alexandrie, en Égypte, en 288 av. J.-C. et définitivement détruite au plus tard entre et 642, était la plus célèbre bibliothèque de l'Antiquité et réunissait les ouvrages les plus importants de l'époque. | [
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Mascot | Mascotte | A mascot is any person, animal, or object thought to bring luck, or anything used to represent a group with a common public identity, such as a school, professional sports team, society, military unit, or brand name. Mascots are also used as fictional, representative spokespeople for consumer products, such as the rabbit used in advertising and marketing for the General Mills brand of breakfast cereal, Trix. | Une mascotte est un être (le plus souvent, un animal) ou une chose servant de symbole, d'emblème ou de porte-bonheur à un groupe de personnes, une institution ou une entreprise. | [
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Demographics of Réunion | Démographie de La Réunion | This article concerns the demography of Réunion. People of Réunion are "Réunionese". The official language is French, and Réunionese Creole is widely spoken. The population of Réunion is as of. | La démographie de La Réunion est caractérisée par une très forte densité et par la jeunesse de la population qu'elle saisit, celle de l'île de La Réunion, département d'outre-mer français dans l'océan Indien. L'augmentation du nombre d'habitants enregistrés sur ce territoire de 2 512 kilomètres carrés entre les recensements 1990 et 1999 a été très supérieure aux moyennes métropolitaines au cours des mêmes périodes. Cette hausse plus rapide est due au maintien d'un fort taux de natalité ainsi qu'à un solde migratoire légèrement positif. | [
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Morisco | Morisques | Moriscos (, ; ; Spanish for "Moorish") were former Muslims and their descendants whom the Roman Catholic church and the Spanish Crown obliged, under threat of death, to convert to Christianity after Spain outlawed the open practice of Islam by its sizeable Muslim population (termed "mudéjar") in the early 16th century. | Le terme « morisque » (de l'espagnol "") désigne les musulmans d'Espagne qui se sont convertis au catholicisme entre 1499 (campagne de conversions massives à Grenade) et 1526 (à la suite du décret d'expulsion des musulmans de la couronne d'Aragon). Il désigne également les descendants de ces convertis. | [
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Mirage | Mirage | A mirage is a naturally occurring optical phenomenon in which light rays bend via refraction to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. The word comes to English via the French "mirage", from the Latin "mirari", meaning "to look at, to wonder at". | Le mirage (du latin "" : s'étonner, voir avec étonnement) est un phénomène optique dû à la déviation des faisceaux lumineux par des superpositions de couches d'air de températures différentes. En fait, il s'agit d'une propagation anormale de la lumière dans une atmosphère où la température, la pression et l'humidité ne varient pas verticalement selon la normale. La déviation de ces rayons donne alors l'impression que l'objet que l'on regarde est à un endroit autre que son emplacement réel, et peut déformer l'image observée. | [
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Indonesian language | Indonésien | Indonesian (, ) is the official language of Indonesia. It is a standardised variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world. Of its large population, the majority speak Indonesian, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. | L’indonésien ("bahasa Indonesia", littéralement « langue de l'Indonésie ») est la langue officielle de l'Indonésie. C'est aussi l'une des langues d'usage au Timor oriental. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Gun control | Contrôle des armes à feu | Gun control (or firearms regulation) is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians. | Le contrôle des armes à feu est l'ensemble des lois ou des politiques qui régissent la fabrication, la vente, la possession ou l'utilisation d'armes à feu par des civils. | [
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Bowler hat | Chapeau melon | The bowler hat, also known as a billycock, bob hat, bombín (Spanish) or derby (USA), is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown, originally created by the London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler in 1849. It has traditionally been worn with semi-formal and informal attire. The bowler, a protective and durable hat style, was popular with the British, Irish, and American working classes during the second half of the 19th century, and later with the middle and upper classes in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the east coast United States. | Un chapeau melon ou melon est un chapeau de feutre à coque rigide, bombée, et comportant de petits bords relevés. En Belgique, on l'appelle un chapeau-boule. | [
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Alphonse Juin | Alphonse Juin | Alphonse Pierre Juin (; 16 December 1888 – 27 January 1967) was a senior French Army general who became Marshal of France. A graduate of the École Spéciale Militaire class of 1912, he served in Morocco in 1914 in command of native troops. Upon the outbreak of the First World War, he was sent to the Western Front in France, where he was gravely wounded in 1915. As a result of this wound, he lost the use of his right arm. | Alphonse Juin, né le à Bône (département de Constantine) et mort le à Paris (), est un général d'armée élevé à la dignité de maréchal de France. | [
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Governor General of Canada | Gouverneur général du Canada | The governor general of Canada () is the federal viceregal representative of the. The, as a political sovereign, is shared equally both with the 15 other Commonwealth realms and the 10 provinces of Canada, but physically resides predominantly in oldest and most populous realm, the United Kingdom. The Queen, on the advice of her Canadian prime minister, appoints a governor general to carry out most of constitutional and ceremonial duties. The commission is for an unfixed period of time—known as serving "at Majesty's pleasure"—though five years is the normal convention. Beginning in 1959, it has also been traditional to rotate between anglophone and francophone officeholders—although many recent governors general have been bilingual. Once in office, the governor general maintains direct contact with the, wherever may be at the time. | Le gouverneur général ou la gouverneure générale du Canada (en anglais : ") est le représentant de la reine du Canada. Il occupe également la position de commandant en chef des Forces armées canadiennes. | [
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École Polytechnique massacre | Tuerie de l'École polytechnique de Montréal | The École Polytechnique massacre (), also known as the Montreal massacre, was a mass shooting in Montreal at an engineering school affiliated with the Université de Montréal. Fourteen women were murdered and ten women and four men were injured. | La tuerie de l'École polytechnique est une tuerie antiféministe en milieu scolaire qui a eu lieu le à l'École polytechnique de Montréal, au Québec (Canada). Marc Lépine (né Gamil Gharbi), âgé de vingt-cinq ans, ouvre le feu sur vingt-huit personnes, tuant quatorze femmes et blessant treize autres personnes (9 femmes et 4 hommes), avant de se suicider. Ce féminicide de masse est perpétré en moins de vingt minutes à l'aide d'une carabine obtenue légalement. Il s'agit de la tuerie en milieu scolaire la plus meurtrière de l'histoire du Canada. | [
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Loanword | Emprunt lexical | A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into another language without translation. This is in contrast to cognates, which are words in two or more languages that are similar because they share an etymological origin, and calques, which involve translation. | En linguistique, et plus particulièrement en étymologie, lexicologie et linguistique comparée, l’emprunt lexical est un type d’emprunt consistant, pour une langue, à adopter dans son lexique un terme d’une autre langue. L’emprunt peut être direct (une langue emprunte directement à une autre langue) ou indirect (une langue emprunte à une autre langue via une ou plusieurs langues vecteurs). L’emprunt fait partie des moyens dont disposent les locuteurs pour accroître leur lexique, au même titre que le néologisme, la catachrèse ou la dérivation (voir lexicalisation pour d’autres détails). Par métonymie, on parle également d’emprunt pour désigner les mots empruntés eux-mêmes, dans la langue d’arrivée. | [
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Trans-Neptunian object | Objet transneptunien | A trans-Neptunian object (TNO), also written transneptunian object, is any minor planet or dwarf planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune, which has a semi-major axis of 30.1 astronomical units (AU). | En astronomie, objet transneptunien (OTN ; en anglais "transneptunian object", TNO) désigne tout objet du Système solaire dont l'orbite est, entièrement ou pour la majeure partie, au-delà de celle de la planète Neptune. La ceinture de Kuiper et le nuage d'Oort (nuage hypothétique) sont les noms de quelques subdivisions de ce volume de l'espace. Un objet transneptunien extrême (OTNE ; en anglais "", ETNO) est un objet transneptunien dont la distance au périhélie est supérieure à et le demi-grand axe de son orbite supérieur à. | [
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Emperor Huizong of Song | Song Huizong | Emperor Huizong of Song (7 June 1082 – 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Song dynasty in China. He was also a very well-known calligrapher. Born as the 11th son of Emperor Shenzong, he ascended the throne in 1100 upon the death of his elder brother and predecessor, Emperor Zhezong, because Emperor Zhezong's only son died prematurely. He lived in luxury, sophistication and art in the first half of his life. In 1126, when the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty invaded the Song dynasty during the Jin–Song Wars, Emperor Huizong abdicated and passed on his throne to his eldest son, Zhao Huan who assumed the title Emperor Qinzong while Huizong assumed the honorary title of "Taishang Huang" (or "Retired Emperor"). The following year, the Song capital, Bianjing, was conquered by Jin forces in an event historically known as the Jingkang Incident. Emperor Huizong, along with Emperor Qinzong and the rest of their family, were taken captive by the Jurchens and brought back to the Jin capital, Huining Prefecture in 1128. The Jurchen ruler, Emperor Taizong of Jin, gave the former Emperor Huizong a title, Duke Hunde (literally "Besotted Duke"), to humiliate him. After his surviving son, Zhao Gou, declared himself as the dynasty's tenth emperor as Emperor Gaozong, the Jurchens used him, Qinzong, and other imperial family members to put pressure on Gaozong and his court to surrender. Emperor Huizong died in Wuguo after spending about nine years in captivity. | L'empereur Huizong des Song ( ; - ), est le huitième empereur de la dynastie Song en Chine du au, ainsi qu'une personnalité importante de l'histoire de l'art chinois. | [
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Minimal pair | Paire minimale | In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, spoken or signed, that differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme, toneme or chroneme, and have distinct meanings. They are used to demonstrate that two phones are two separate phonemes in the language. | En phonologie, le terme paire minimale désigne deux éléments en opposition du point de vue phonologique. Selon l’une des définitions, les éléments en opposition sont des mots dont le sens est différencié par un seul phone ou par des éléments prosodiques portés par un phone. Dans une autre vision, les deux éléments en opposition sont des phones différenciés par un seul de leurs traits, par exemple sourde ↔ voisée, et ces éléments produisent des paires minimales de mots. | [
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Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson | Anne-Louis Girodet | Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (or "de Roucy"), also known as Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson (29 January 17679 December 1824), was a French painter and pupil of Jacques-Louis David, who participated in the early Romantic movement by including elements of eroticism in his paintings. Girodet is remembered for his precise and clear style and for his paintings of members of the Napoleonic family. | Anne-Louis Girodet, ou Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, né à Montargis le et mort à Paris le, est un peintre, illustrateur et graveur français. | [
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Pastry War | Guerre des Pâtisseries | The Pastry War (, ), also known as the First French intervention in Mexico or the First Franco-Mexican War (1838–1839), began in November 1838 with the naval blockade of some Mexican ports and the capture of the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa in Veracruz by French forces sent by King Louis-Philippe. It ended several months later in March 1839 with a British-brokered peace. The intervention followed many claims by French nationals of losses due to unrest in Mexico. | La guerre des Pâtisseries (en espagnol "Primera Intervención Francesa en México" - « première intervention française au Mexique », ou "Guerra de los Pasteles", littéralement « guerre des gâteaux ») est un blocus naval, de fin 1838 à, du port de Veracruz au Mexique par les armées françaises. | [
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Yeast | Levure | Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are estimated to constitute 1% of all described fungal species. | Une levure est un champignon unicellulaire apte à provoquer la fermentation des matières organiques animales ou végétales. Les levures sont employées pour la fabrication du vin, de la bière, des alcools industriels, des pâtes levées, des antibiotiques et d'exhausteurs de goût (les extraits de levure peuvent servir comme agents de sapidité). | [
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Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador) | Francisco Hernández de Córdoba | Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (, Córdoba, Spain, c. 1467 - Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, 1517) was a Spanish "conquistador", known to history mainly for the ill-fated expedition he led in 1517, in the course of which the first European accounts of the Yucatán Peninsula were compiled. | Francisco Hernández de Córdoba v. 1475, mort en 1517 à La Havane était un conquistador espagnol, envoyé en expédition par le gouverneur de Cuba, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, le. Il découvrit le Yucatan et la civilisation Maya. Durant ce voyage, raconté par Bernal Díaz del Castillo la moitié des soldats furent tués et l'autre moitié blessés. Hernández de Córdoba fut gravement blessé et mourut peu après leur retour à La Havane. | [
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Kathryn Bigelow | Kathryn Bigelow | Kathryn Ann Bigelow (; born November 27, 1951) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Covering a wide range of genres, her films include "Near Dark" (1987), "Point Break" (1991), "Strange Days" (1995), "" (2002), "The Hurt Locker" (2008), "Zero Dark Thirty" (2012), and "Detroit" (2017). | Kathryn Bigelow, née le à San Carlos (Californie), est une réalisatrice, scénariste et productrice américaine, première (et seule) femme à recevoir l'Oscar du meilleur réalisateur pour "Démineurs" en 2010. | [
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Vicente Guerrero | Vicente Guerrero | Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (; August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as President of Mexico, coming to power in a coup. He championed the cause of Mexico's common people, and abolished slavery during his brief term as president. His execution in 1831 by the conservative government that ousted him in 1829 was a shock to the nation. | Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña, né le à Guerrero et mort fusillé le à Cuilápam, est un militaire et homme d'État mexicain. Il est le deuxième président de la République d'avril à. Le, il décrète l’abolition de l’esclavage au Mexique. | [
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Pedro de Alvarado | Pedro de Alvarado | Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (; Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain, ca. 1485 – Guadalajara, New Spain, 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala. He participated in the conquest of Cuba, in Juan de Grijalva's exploration of the coasts of the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the conquest of Mexico led by Hernán Cortés. He is considered the conquistador of much of Central America, including Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. Although renowned for his skill as a soldier, Alvarado is known also for the cruelty of his treatment of native populations, and mass murders committed in the subjugation of the native peoples of Mexico. | Pedro de Alvarado, né vers 1485 à Badajoz, et mort le dans le Michoacán, est un conquistador espagnol. Il a participé à la conquête de l'empire aztèque sous les ordres d'Hernando Cortes, ainsi qu'à d'autres opérations coloniales. | [
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Sigiswald Kuijken | Sigiswald Kuijken | Sigiswald Kuijken (; born 16 February 1944) is a Belgian violinist, violist, and conductor known for playing on period and original instruments. | Sigiswald Kuijken, (né le à Dilbeek), est un violoniste et chef d'orchestre belge. Il a été l'un des pionniers dans la recherche sur la technique de jeu des instruments à cordes de l'époque baroque et a redécouvert la viola da spalla. | [
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Peace of Augsburg | Paix d'Augsbourg | The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed in September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christianity permanent within the Holy Roman Empire, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. However, the Peace of Augsburg arrangement is also credited with ending much Christian unity around Europe. Calvinism was not allowed until the Peace of Westphalia. | La paix d'Augsbourg est un compromis qui suspend les hostilités entre les États luthériens et les États catholiques dans le Saint-Empire romain germanique, le. Ce compromis est fondé sur le principe : (« tel prince, telle religion »). | [
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Antonio López de Santa Anna | Antonio López de Santa Anna | Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (; 21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876), usually known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna, was a Mexican politician and general. His influence on post-independence Mexican politics and government in the first half of the nineteenth century is such that historians often refer to it as the "Age of Santa Anna." He was called "the Man of Destiny" who "loomed over his time like a melodramatic colossus, the uncrowned monarch." Santa Anna's military and political career was a series of reversals. He first opposed Mexican independence from Spain, but then fought in support of it. He backed the monarchy of Mexican Empire, then revolted against the emperor. He "represents the stereotypical caudillo in Mexican history". Lucas Alamán wrote that "the history of Mexico since 1822 might accurately be called the history of Santa Anna's revolutions. His name plays a major role in all the political events of the country and its destiny has become intertwined with his." | Antonio López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón, né le à Xalapa, l'actuelle capitale de l'État de Veracruz, et mort le à Mexico, est un militaire et homme politique mexicain qui exerça à plusieurs reprises le pouvoir au Mexique en qualité de président de la République. | [
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James Cameron | James Cameron | James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian filmmaker and environmentalist who is best known for making science fiction and epic films for the Hollywood mainstream. Cameron first gained recognition for directing "The Terminator" (1984). He found further critical and commercial success with "Aliens" (1986), "The Abyss" (1989), "" (1991), and the comedy thriller "True Lies" (1994). His other productions include "Titanic" (1997) and "Avatar" (2009), with the former earning him Academy Awards in Best Picture, Best Director and Best Film Editing. "Avatar," filmed in 3D technology, also garnered him nominations in the same categories. | James Francis Cameron, né le à Kapuskasing (Canada) est un réalisateur, scénariste, producteur et explorateur de fonds marins canadien qui habite aux États-Unis. Il a réalisé et écrit les films, "Terminator" (1984), "Aliens, le retour" (1986), "Abyss" (1989), "" (1991), "True Lies" (1994), "Titanic" (1997) et "Avatar" (2009). | [
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Covent Garden | Covent Garden | Covent Garden is a district in London, on the eastern fringes of the West End, between St Martin's Lane and Drury Lane. It is associated with the former fruit-and-vegetable market in the central square, now a popular shopping and tourist site, and with the Royal Opera House, itself known as "Covent Garden". The district is divided by the main thoroughfare of Long Acre, north of which is given over to independent shops centred on Neal's Yard and Seven Dials, while the south contains the central square with its street performers and most of the historical buildings, theatres and entertainment facilities, including the London Transport Museum and the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. | Covent Garden est un quartier de Londres en Angleterre à la limite est de West End, entre et Drury Lane. Il est associé à l'ancien marché de fruits et légumes de la place centrale, qui est maintenant un site commercial et touristique fort populaire, ainsi qu'au Royal Opera House, qui est également connu sous le nom de « "Covent Garden" ». Le quartier est divisé par l'artère principale de Long Acre, au nord de laquelle se trouvent les boutiques indépendantes centralisées sur Neal's Yard et Seven Dials, tandis que le sud abrite sur la place centrale les artistes de rue et la plupart des superbes bâtiments, théâtres et lieux de divertissement, y compris le théâtre de Drury Lane et le musée du transport de Londres. | [
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Japanese pronouns | Pronoms personnels japonais | Japanese pronouns (or Japanese deictic classifiers) are words in the Japanese language used to address or refer to present people or things, where present means people or things that can be pointed at. The position of things (far away, nearby) and their role in the current interaction (goods, addresser, addressee, bystander) are features of the meaning of those words. The use of pronouns, especially when referring to oneself and speaking in the first person, vary between gender, formality, dialect and region where Japanese is spoken. | Les mots japonais que l’on considère comme étant des pronoms personnels se comportent exactement comme des noms. Ils peuvent être omis, si le contexte linguistique et extralinguistique permet d'identifier les agents. Le locuteur a recours à leur usage plus souvent pour préciser délibérément l'agent en question, sinon pour accentuer la présence de ce dernier, produisant un effet de mise en scène, au même titre qu’un « moi » dans un énoncé du type « moi, je mange. » Par ailleurs, ils n’influencent en aucune manière la forme du verbe auxquels éventuellement ils se rapportent. | [
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Linux user group | Groupe d'utilisateurs Linux | A Linux User Group or Linux Users' Group (LUG) or GNU/Linux User Group (GLUG) is a private, generally non-profit or not-for-profit organization that provides support and/or education for Linux users, particularly for inexperienced users. The term commonly refers to local groups that meet in person, but is also used to refer to online support groups that may have members spread over a very wide area and that do not organize, or are not dependent on, physical meetings. Many LUGs encompass FreeBSD and other free-software / open source Unix-based operating systems. | Un groupe d'utilisateurs Linux est une association au sein de laquelle se réunissent des utilisateurs et partisans du système d'exploitation GNU/Linux et des logiciels libres. Pour désigner ces groupes, on utilise aussi couramment les acronymes GUL ou LUG provenant de l'anglais "Linux User Group". Cet acronyme signifie également depuis quelques années Groupe d'utilisateurs de Logiciels libres pour de nombreux participants à ces associations (on rencontre parfois l'orthographe GULL). | [
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Chuck Barris | Chuck Barris | Charles Hirsch Barris (June 3, 1929 – March 21, 2017) was an American game show creator, producer and host. Barris was known for hosting "The Gong Show" and creating "The Dating Game" and "The Newlywed Game". He was also a songwriter who wrote "Palisades Park" for Freddy Cannon. Barris wrote an autobiography titled "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind", which was made into the film of the same name directed by George Clooney. | Charles Hirsch Barris, dit Chuck Barris, né le à Philadelphie et mort le à Palisades (État de New York), est un producteur de télévision américain, également animateur d'émissions de jeux télévisés aux États-Unis dans les années 1960 et 1970. Il compte également des chansons qu'il enregistre dans des 45 tours. | [
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Sugarcane | Canne à sucre | Sugarcane or sugar cane refer to several species and hybrids of tall perennial grasses in the genus "Saccharum", tribe Andropogoneae, that are used for sugar production. The plants are two to six metres (six to twenty feet) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sucrose, which accumulates in the stalk internodes. Sugarcanes belong to the grass family Poaceae, an economically important flowering plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops. It is native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of Southeast Asia and New Guinea. | La canne à sucre est une plante cultivée appartenant au genre "Saccharum" (famille des "Poaceae" ou graminées, sous-famille des "Panicoideae"), cultivée principalement pour la production du sucre (sucre de canne complet ou non) extrait des tiges (ou chaumes). Historiquement quatre espèces de cannes ont été domestiquées, principalement "Saccharum officinarum", mais les cultivars modernes forment un ensemble d'hybrides complexes issus principalement de croisements entre "Saccharum officinarum" et "Saccharum spontaneum", avec des contributions de "Saccharum robustum", "Saccharum sinense", "Saccharum barberi", et de plusieurs genres apparentés tels que "Miscanthus", "Narenga" et "Erianthus". | [
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Lugh | Lug (dieu) | Lugh or Lug (Old ; Modern Irish: "Lú" ) is one of the most prominent gods in Irish mythology. A member of the Tuatha Dé Danann, Lugh is portrayed as a warrior, a king, a master craftsman and a savior. He is associated with skill and mastery in multiple disciplines, including the arts. He is also associated with oaths, truth and the law, and therefore with rightful kingship. Lugh is linked with the harvest festival of Lughnasadh, which bears his name. His most common epithets are "Lámfada" (, "of the long arm," possibly for his skill with a spear or his ability as a ruler) and "Samildánach" ("equally skilled in many arts"). | Lug ou Lugus est la principale divinité des Gaulois, équivalant au dieu irlandais Lugh, dit "Lamhfhada" « Aux longs bras », parce qu'il avait le pouvoir de frapper à distance, et qualifié de "Samildanach", c'est-à-dire de « polytechnicien », parce qu'il était inventeur et praticien de tous les arts. C'est probablement le dieu qui est associé par les Anciens Celtes dans leur iconographie à un arbre de vie et qui était gardé par deux dragons, emblème guerrier qui s'est répandu dans toute l'Europe celtique aux et. | [
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Agustín de Iturbide | Agustín de Iturbide | Agustín de Iturbide (; 27 September 178319 July 1824), in full Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu, also known as Augustine of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician. During the Mexican War of Independence, he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico. After the secession of Mexico was secured, he was proclaimed President of the Regency in 1821. A year later, he was announced as the Constitutional Emperor of Mexico, reigning briefly from 19 May 1822 to 19 March 1823. He is credited as the original designer of the first Mexican flag. | Agustín de Iturbide y Arámburu, né à Valladolid en Nouvelle-Espagne, aujourd'hui Morelia, État de Michoacán de Ocampo, Mexique, le et mort le, était un militaire et un homme politique mexicain qui fut proclamé empereur du Mexique en 1822 sous le nom d’Augustin. | [
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Jeanne Guyon | Madame Guyon | Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de la Motte-Guyon (commonly known as Madame Guyon, ; 13 April 1648 – 9 June 1717) was a French mystic and was accused of advocating Quietism, although she never called herself a Quietist. Quietism was considered heretical by the Roman Catholic Church, and she was imprisoned from 1695 to 1703 after publishing the book "A Short and Very Easy Method of Prayer". | Jeanne-Marie Bouvier de La Motte, appelée couramment madame Guyon, née à Montargis le, morte à Blois le, est une mystique française, catholique et laïque. Du quiétisme de Miguel de Molinos, elle retient le « pur amour », un amour de Dieu désintéressé, c'est-à-dire non corrompu par la perspective d'une récompense, par un espoir de salut. | [
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Augsburg | Augsbourg | Augsburg (,, ; ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and regional seat of the "Regierungsbezirk" Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is the third-largest city in Bavaria (after Munich and Nuremberg) with a population of 300,000 inhabitants, with 885,000 in its metropolitan area. | Augsbourg (allemand "Augsburg", ; latin "Augusta Vindelicorum") est une ville allemande située dans le Land de Bavière, en Souabe bavaroise, sur la Route romantique. | [
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Scordatura | Scordatura | Scordatura (literally, Italian for "discord", or "mistuning") is a tuning of a stringed instrument different from the normal, standard tuning. It typically attempts to allow special effects or unusual chords or timbre, or to make certain passages easier to play. It is common to notate the finger position as if played in regular tuning, while the actual pitch resulting is altered (scordatura notation). When all the strings are tuned by the same interval up or down, as in the case of the viola in Mozart's "Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra", the part is transposed as a whole. | La scordatura est une manière d'accorder les instruments à cordes (violon, violoncelle, viole, luth, guitare, viole d'amour, etc.) qui s'écarte de l'accord usuel. Cette technique est utilisée à la Renaissance sur les instruments à cordes pincées (luth, guiterne) et les pièces comportant cet artifice sont précédées des expressions "à cordes ravallées", "à corde avalée" ou "avallée". L'un des premiers compositeurs à publier une pièce pour violon en scordatura est Biagio Marini, dans son, en 1629. Cet usage permet d'utiliser des accords inhabituels et modifie la tension des cordes, ce qui produit aussi des effets sonores nouveaux. | [
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Lotus 1-2-3 | Lotus 1-2-3 | Lotus 1-2-3 is a discontinued spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (later part of IBM). It was the IBM PC's first killer application, was hugely popular in the 1980s and contributed significantly to the success of the IBM PC. | Lotus 1-2-3 est un logiciel tableur de la société Lotus Software (maintenant filiale d'IBM). Il fut très populaire et contribua largement à l'introduction des ordinateurs personnels dans le monde des entreprises. | [
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Das Experiment | L'Expérience | Das Experiment (English: The Experiment) is a 2001 German thriller film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel. It is based on Mario Giordano's novel "Black Box" and deals with a social experiment which resembles Philip Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment of 1971. | L'Expérience (titre original : ") est un film allemand réalisé par Oliver Hirschbiegel, sorti en 2001. Ce film s'inspire du livre " de Mario Giordano paru en 1999, lui-même s'appuyant sur l'expérience de Stanford menée par le professeur Philip Zimbardo en 1971. | [
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Scapegoat | Bouc émissaire | In the Bible, a scapegoat is one of two kid goats. As a pair, one goat was sacrificed (not a scapegoat) and the living “scapegoat” was released into the wilderness, taking with it all sins and impurities. The concept first appears in Leviticus, in which a goat is designated to be cast into the desert to carry away the sins of the community. | Un bouc émissaire est un individu, un groupe, une organisation, etc., choisi pour endosser une responsabilité ou expier une faute pour laquelle il est, totalement ou partiellement, innocent. Le phénomène du bouc émissaire peut émaner de motivations multiples, délibérées (telles que l'évasion de responsabilité) ou inconscientes (telles que des mécanismes de défense internes). Par ailleurs, le processus peut se mettre en place entre deux personnes (par ex., un employé et son subalterne), entre des membres d'une même famille (par ex., un enfant pris pour bouc émissaire), entre les membres d'une organisation (par ex., les responsables d'une entreprise) ou à l'intérieur de tout autre groupe constitué. Outre cet aspect intragroupal, le phénomène peut également être inter groupal et s'observer alors entre des groupes différents (au sein d'un pays ou d'une société). | [
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Pastilla | Pastilla | Pastilla () is a traditional North African dish in the form of a sweet, savory meat pie or spicy seafood pie with "werqa" (), leaves of dough similar to phyllo. It is said to be of Andalusi origin and is historically documented to be consumed in Morocco and Algeria where it is called "r’zima" () or "tajik". It has more recently been spread by emigrants to France, Israel, and North America. | La pastilla est un plat traditionnel du Maghreb, constitué d'une sorte de feuilleté (de « feuille » qui se dit "ouarka", proche de celle de brik), à base d'oignon, de pigeons (ou de poulet, de pintade, ou encore, plus récemment, de fruits de mer), de persil, de coriandre, d'œuf dur et d'amandes, mélange de sucré et de salé, parfumé à la cannelle. Elle est souvent servie lors des fêtes, juste avant le plat principal. | [
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Saccharomyces | Saccharomyces | Saccharomyces is a genus of fungi that includes many species of yeasts. "Saccharomyces" is from Greek σάκχαρον (sugar) and μύκης (fungus) and means "sugar fungus". Many members of this genus are considered very important in food production. It is known as the brewer's yeast or baker's yeast. They are unicellular and saprotrophic fungi. One example is "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", which is used in making wine, bread, beer, and for human and animal health. Other members of this genus include the wild yeast "Saccharomyces paradoxus" that is the closest relative to "S. cerevisiae", "Saccharomyces bayanus", used in making wine, and "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" var "boulardii", used in medicine. | Les Saccharomyces constituent un genre taxonomique d'ascomycètes ne donnant pas de mycélium (levures) et comprenant un grand nombre d'espèces utilisées dans l'industrie alimentaire comme agents de fermentation. | [
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South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation | Association sud-asiatique pour la coopération régionale | The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia. Its member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The SAARC comprises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 4.21% (US$3.67 trillion) of the global economy, as of 2019. | L’Association sud-asiatique pour la coopération régionale — ou ASACR — (en anglais, "South Asian Association for Regional Co-Operation", SAARC) est une association régionale initiée par le président bangladais de l'époque, Ziaur Rahman, fondée le à New Delhi et établie par une charte signée le. L'ASACR regroupe huit pays de l'Asie du Sud, soit le Bangladesh, le Bhoutan, l'Inde, les Maldives, le Népal, le Pakistan et le Sri Lanka et, à partir d', l'Afghanistan. Ces pays représentent une superficie de et un cinquième de la population mondiale. | [
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Francis Beaufort | Francis Beaufort | Sir Francis Beaufort (; 27 May 1774 – 17 December 1857) was an Irish hydrographer, rear admiral of the Royal Navy, and creator of the Beaufort cipher and the Beaufort scale. | Francis Beaufort, né le et mort le, était un hydrographe britannique d'origine irlandaise et amiral de la Royal Navy. Il inventa en 1805, l'échelle de Beaufort pour mesurer la force du vent grâce à l'observation des changements de vagues et des effets des différents vents sur les voiles des navires britanniques. Cette échelle s'étend de 0 (calme) à 12 (ouragan). Elle sera reprise plus tard, par beaucoup de marines étrangères, adaptée aux besoins terrestres et les météorologistes l'utilisent encore de nos jours. | [
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Concino Concini | Concino Concini | Concino Concini, 1st Marquis d'Ancre (23 November 1569 – 24 April 1617), was an Italian politician, best known for being a minister of Louis XIII of France, as the favourite of Louis's mother, Marie de Medici, Queen of France. | Concino Concini (francisé en Conchine), maréchal de France et marquis d’Ancre, baron de Lésigny, comte de Penna, né à Florence le et mort à Paris le, est un favori de la régente Marie de Médicis et époux de sa confidente Léonora Dori. Sa grande influence politique auprès de la régente lui vaut l'opposition du jeune Louis XIII et de ses courtisans qui le font assassiner. | [
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Privas | Privas | Privas (; ) is a commune of France, capital of the Ardèche department. It is the smallest administrative centre of any department in France. It is the fifth-largest commune in the Ardèche, behind Annonay, Aubenas, Guilherand-Granges, and Tournon-sur-Rhône. It was the location of the 1629 Siege of Privas. Today Privas is known for the purée made from the local chestnuts, and for its sweetened marron glacé. | Privas ( ; "Privàs" en occitan vivaro-alpin) est une commune française, chef-lieu du département de l'Ardèche, en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. C'est la moins peuplée des préfectures de France avec habitants d'après le dernier recensement de l'Insee en. Située au cœur du bassin privadois et ville-siège de la communauté d'agglomération Privas Centre Ardèche, la ville se trouve à au sud-ouest de Valence, préfecture de la Drôme. | [
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Winemaking | Vinification | Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over millennia. The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes. | La vinification consiste à transformer le moût de raisin en un type précis de vin doté de caractéristiques organoleptiques spécifiques. C'est l'étape succédant au pressurage pour les blancs ou au foulage pour les rouges, des raisins réceptionnés après la vendange et ayant donné le moût. Elle est généralement complétée par l'élevage du vin. | [
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Jealousy | Jalousie | Jealousy generally refers to the thoughts or feelings of insecurity, fear, and concern over a relative lack of possessions or safety. | La jalousie est une émotion secondaire qui représente des pensées et sentiments d'insécurité, de peur et d'anxiété concernant la perte anticipée ou pas d'un statut, d'un objet ou d'un lien affectif ayant une importante valeur personnelle. La jalousie est un mélange d'émotions comme la colère, la tristesse, la frustration et le dégoût. Elle ne doit pas être confondue avec l'envie. | [
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Mycelium | Mycélium | Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus or fungus-like bacterial colony, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. The mass of hyphae is sometimes called shiro, especially within the fairy ring fungi. Fungal colonies composed of mycelium are found in and on soil and many other substrates. A typical single spore germinates into a monokaryotic mycelium, which cannot reproduce sexually; when two compatible monokaryotic mycelia join and form a dikaryotic mycelium, that mycelium may form fruiting bodies such as mushrooms. A mycelium may be minute, forming a colony that is too small to see, or may grow to span thousands of acres as in "Armillaria". | Le mycélium (du grec ancien ', "mukês", « champignon », avec le suffixe "-ium" et la consonne l épenthétique), appelé dans le langage courant blanc de champignon (référence à la couleur du feutrage que l'on observe par exemple dans la litière forestière), est l'appareil végétatif des champignons ou de certaines bactéries filamenteuses comme les Actinomycètes ("Streptomyces", "Mycobacterium"...). Généralement peu visible, il est composé d'un ensemble de filaments, plus ou moins ramifiés, appelés hyphes, que l'on trouve dans le sol ou le substrat nutritif. Ces hyphes sont formés de cellules très allongées et cloisonnées, à la différence de ceux dans le pseudomycélium sans cloisons vraies (structure constituée de filaments formant des siphons contenant une masse cytoplasmique dans laquelle sont dispersés les noyaux). | [
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Solomon Asch | Solomon Asch | Solomon Eliot Asch (September 14, 1907 – February 20, 1996) was a Polish-American gestalt psychologist and pioneer in social psychology. He created seminal pieces of work in impression formation, prestige suggestion, conformity, and many other topics. His work follows a common theme of Gestalt psychology that the whole is not only greater than the sum of its parts, but the nature of the whole fundamentally alters the parts. Asch stated: "Most social acts have to be understood in their setting, and lose meaning if isolated. No error in thinking about social facts is more serious than the failure to see their place and function" (Asch, 1952, p. 61). Asch is most well known for his conformity experiments, in which he demonstrated the influence of group pressure on opinions. A "Review of General Psychology" survey, published in 2002, ranked Asch as the 41st most cited psychologist of the 20th century. | Salomon E. Asch ( - ) est connu pour avoir été un psychologue d'inspiration Gestaltiste et un pionnier de la psychologie sociale. | [
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Sulfur dioxide | Dioxyde de soufre | Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula. It is a toxic gas responsible for the smell of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of copper extraction and the burning of fossil fuels contaminated with sulfur compounds. | Le dioxyde de soufre, autrefois également appelé "anhydride sulfureux", est un composé chimique de formule. Il s'agit d'un gaz incolore, dense et toxique, dont l'inhalation est fortement irritante. Il est libéré dans l'atmosphère terrestre par les volcans et par de nombreux procédés industriels, ainsi que par la combustion de certains charbons, pétroles et gaz naturels non désulfurés. L'oxydation du dioxyde de soufre, le plus souvent en présence de catalyseurs tels que le dioxyde d'azote, conduit au trioxyde de soufre et à l'acide sulfurique, d'où la formation de pluies acides. Elle a pour conséquence une inflammation de l'appareil respiratoire. | [
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Berry | Fruit rouge | A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, red currants, white currants and blackcurrants. In Britain, soft fruit is a horticultural term for such fruits. In common usage, the term "berry" differs from the scientific or botanical definition of a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp). The botanical definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known or referred to as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, bananas, and chili peppers. Fruits commonly considered berries but excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits and mulberries, which are multiple fruits. Watermelons and pumpkins are giant berries that fall into the category "pepos". A plant bearing berries is said to be "bacciferous" or "baccate". Berries are eaten worldwide and often used in jams, preserves, cakes, or pies. Some berries are commercially important. The berry industry varies from country to country as do types of berries cultivated or growing in the wild. Some berries such as raspberries and strawberries have been bred for hundreds of years and are distinct from their wild counterparts, while other berries, such as lingonberries and cloudberries, grow almost exclusively in the wild. While many berries are edible, some are poisonous to humans, such as deadly nightshade and pokeweed. Others, such as the white mulberry, red mulberry, and elderberry, are poisonous when unripe, but are edible when ripe. | On regroupe sous le nom de fruits rouges, petits fruits, petits fruits rouges, fruits des bois ou encore baies et qui produisent une fructification comestible. La plupart sont sauvages, mais ils sont aussi largement cultivés dans les jardins potagers. | [
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Philip Zimbardo | Philip Zimbardo | Philip George Zimbardo (; born March 23, 1933) is an American psychologist and a professor emeritus at Stanford University. He became known for his 1971 Stanford prison experiment, which was later severely criticised for both ethical and scientific reasons. He has authored various introductory psychology textbooks for college students, and other notable works, including "The Lucifer Effect", "The Time Paradox", and "The Time Cure". He is also the founder and president of the Heroic Imagination Project. | Philip George Zimbardo, né le à New York dans une famille d'immigrés siciliens, est un psychologue américain connu pour avoir mené l'expérience dite de Stanford laquelle a donné lieu à des théories toujours controversées sur le rôle de la position sociale dans la psychologie des individus. | [
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Social representation | Représentation sociale | A social representation is a stock of values, ideas, metaphors, beliefs, and practices that are shared among the members of groups and communities. Social representation theory is a body of theory within social psychology and sociological social psychology. It has parallels in sociological theorizing such as social constructionism and symbolic interactionism, and is similar in some ways to mass consensus and discursive psychology. | Les théories concernant les représentations sociales sont centrales dans plusieurs domaines des sciences sociales. La représentation sociale serait pour la scientifique Denise Jodelet, une forme de connaissance, socialement élaborée et partagée, ayant une visée pratique et concourant à la construction d'une réalité commune à un ensemble social. | [
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Gordon Allport | Gordon W. Allport | Gordon Willard Allport (November 11, 1897 – October 9, 1967) was an American psychologist. Allport was one of the first psychologists to focus on the study of the personality, and is often referred to as one of the founding figures of personality psychology. He contributed to the formation of values scales and rejected both a psychoanalytic approach to personality, which he thought often was too deeply interpretive, and a behavioral approach, which he thought did not provide deep enough interpretations from their data. Instead of these popular approaches, he developed an eclectic theory based on traits. He emphasized the uniqueness of each individual, and the importance of the present context, as opposed to past history, for understanding the personality. | Gordon Willard Allport est un enseignant-chercheur en psychologie américain né à Montezuma dans l'État de l'Indiana en 1897 et mort à Cambridge dans l’État du Massachusetts en 1967. | [
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Persuasion | Persuasion | Persuasion is an umbrella term of influence. Persuasion can attempt to influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors. | La persuasion, du latin persuasio, est l'action d'amener quelqu'un à quelque chose, à croire, à faire, à vouloir,.. | [
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Mark Twain | Mark Twain | Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was lauded as the "greatest humorist [the United States] has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature". His novels include "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" (1876) and its sequel, the "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1884), the latter often called "The Great American Novel". | Mark Twain, nom de plume de Samuel Langhorne Clemens, né le à Florida dans le Missouri (États-Unis) et mort le à Redding dans le Connecticut (États-Unis), est un écrivain, essayiste et humoriste américain. | [
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Social cognition | Cognition sociale | Social cognition is a sub-topic of various branches of psychology that focuses on how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations. It focuses on the role that cognitive processes play in social interactions. | La cognition sociale désigne l'ensemble des processus cognitifs (perception, mémorisation, raisonnement, émotions...) impliqués dans les interactions sociales chez l'humain mais aussi chez les animaux sociaux, en particulier primates. | [
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Haute couture | Haute couture | Haute couture (; ; French for 'high sewing', 'high dressmaking') is the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing. "Haute couture" is high-end fashion that is constructed by hand from start to finish, made from high-quality, expensive, often unusual fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finished by the most experienced and capable sewers—often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. "Couture" translates literally from French as "dressmaking", sewing, or needlework and is also used as a common abbreviation of "haute couture" and refers to the same thing in spirit. "Haute" translates literally to "high". An haute couture garment is always made for an individual client, tailored specifically for the wearer's measurements and body stance and only in Paris. Considering the amount of time, money, and skill allotted to each completed piece, haute couture garments are also described as having no price tag: budget is not relevant. In modern France, "haute couture" is a protected name that may not be used except by firms that meet certain well-defined standards. | La haute couture est le secteur professionnel dans lequel exercent les créateurs de vêtements de luxe. Aujourd'hui, elle s'organise autour de « maisons de haute couture », des enseignes pour certaines assez anciennes, auxquelles de nombreux grands couturiers ont collaboré au fil des années. Elle joue un rôle d'avant-garde et ses œuvres préfigurent la mode. | [
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Psychologist | Psychologue | A psychologist studies normal and abnormal mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by experimenting with, and observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments. Most psychologists need a license to practice psychology. Typically, psychologists need a doctoral degree in psychology, although a master's degree is sufficient in some situations. Licensing and regulations can vary by country and profession. | Un psychologue, au sens professionnel, est une personne diplômée en psychologie, discipline qui regroupe de nombreux courants théoriques et pratiques autour de l'analyse des faits psychiques individuels et de groupe et de leur traitement évolutif et réorganisateur, par des méthodes et démarches diverses. Le psychologue, qui est donc spécialisé dans un courant scientifique spécifique, est un professionnel du fonctionnement psychique dans ses aspects subjectifs, affectifs et cognitifs et de leurs psychopathologies, ainsi que du comportement humain, de la personnalité et des relations interpersonnelles. | [
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Lawyer | Avocat (métier) | A lawyer or attorney is a person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-law, canonist, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, counsellor, solicitor, legal executive, or public servant preparing, interpreting and applying law, but not as a paralegal or charter executive secretary. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services. The role of the lawyer varies greatly across different legal jurisdictions. | En droit, l'avocat est un juriste dont les fonctions traditionnelles sont de conseiller, représenter, d'assister et de défendre ses clients, personnes physiques ou morales, en justice, en plaidant pour faire valoir leurs droits et, plus généralement, pour les représenter. Par ailleurs, l'avocat s'acquitte d'une fonction de conseil mais aussi de rédacteur d'actes. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes | Liste des peuples celtes | This is a list of Celtic tribes, listed in order of the Roman province (after Roman conquest) or the general area in which they lived. This geographical distribution of Celtic tribes does not imply that tribes that lived in the same general geographical area were more related. Some tribes' or tribal confederation's names are listed under more than one region because they dwelt in several of the regions. | Cet article a pour vocation de servir d'index des peuples celtes ou à caractère celtique. Le nom latin du peuple est donné entre parenthèses lorsque le nom francisé sert de titre à l'article détaillé. | [
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Benny Moré | Benny Moré | Bartolomé Maximiliano Moré (24 August 1919 – 19 February 1963), better known as Benny Moré (also spelled Beny Moré), was a Cuban singer, bandleader and songwriter. Due to his fluid tenor voice and his great expressivity, he was known variously as "El Bárbaro del Ritmo" and "El Sonero Mayor". Moré was a master of the, the art of vocal improvisation in Cuban son, and many of his tunes developed this way. He often took part in "controversias" (vocal duels) with other singers like Cheo Marquetti and Joseíto Fernández. Apart from "son cubano", Moré was a popular singer of guarachas, cha cha cha, mambo, son montuno, and boleros. | Maximiliano Bartolomé Moré Gutiérrez, connu sous le nom d'artiste de Benny Moré ou Beny Moré, né le à Santa Isabel de Las Lajas (Province de Cienfuegos) et mort le à La Havane, est un chanteur et compositeur cubain, fréquemment considéré comme le plus grand chanteur de musique cubaine. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Hattians | Hatti (peuple) | The Hattians () (in Greek Χάττι) were an ancient people who inhabited the land of Hatti in central Anatolia (present-day Turkey). The group was documented at least as early as the empire of Sargon of Akkad ( 2300 BC), until it was gradually absorbed 2000–1700 BC by the Indo-European Hittites, who were subsequently associated with the "land of Hatti". | Les Hattis sont un peuple disparu, ayant habité l'Anatolie centrale. Il faut les distinguer du peuple hittite, peuple contemporain qui a soumis le peuple hatti. | [
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Anvers (Paris Métro) | Anvers (métro de Paris) | Anvers () is a station on Line 2 of the Paris Métro. It is located in Montmartre, on the border of the 9th and the 18th arrondissements. | Anvers est une station de la ligne 2 du métro de Paris, située à la limite des 9 et 18 arrondissements de Paris. | [
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Vendôme | Vendôme | Vendôme (, ) is a subprefecture of the department of Loir-et-Cher, France. It is also the department's third biggest commune with 16,716 inhabitants (2015). It is one of the main towns along the river Loir. The river divides itself at the entrance of Vendôme, intersecting it into numerous different arms. The town has a rich medieval history and many historical monuments. | Vendôme est une commune française, sous-préfecture du département de Loir-et-Cher en région Centre-Val de Loire. Elle est également la troisième plus grande ville du département derrière Blois et Romorantin-Lanthenay. | [
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Neil Marshall | Neil Marshall | Neil Marshall (born 25 May 1970) is an English film and television director, editor, producer, and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the cult horror film "Dog Soldiers" (2002), the critically acclaimed horror film "The Descent" (2005), the science fiction action film "Doomsday" (2008), the historical war film "Centurion" (2010), the superhero action film "Hellboy" (2019), and the adventure horror film "The Reckoning" (2020). | Neil Marshall, né le à Newcastle upon Tyne en Angleterre au Royaume-Uni, est un réalisateur, scénariste, monteur et producteur britannique. Il commence sa carrière comme monteur, avant de réaliser les films à succès "Dog Soldiers" et "The Descent". | [
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Belisarius | Bélisaire | Flavius Belisarius (, c. 500 – 565) was a military commander of the Byzantine Empire. He was instrumental in the reconquest of much of the Mediterranean territory belonging to the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century prior. | Bélisaire (en grec : Βελισάριος / "Belisários" ; en latin : "Flavius Belisarius"), né vers l'an 500 en Macédoine, aux confins de l'Illyrie et de la Thrace, et mort en 565 à Constantinople, était un général romain d'Orient. | [
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Giraffe | Girafe | The giraffe ("Giraffa") is an African artiodactyl mammal, the tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. It is traditionally considered to be one species, "Giraffa camelopardalis", with nine subspecies. However, the existence of up to eight extant giraffe species has been described, based upon research into the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as morphological measurements of "Giraffa". Seven other species are extinct, prehistoric species known from fossils. | La Girafe (Giraffa camelopardalis) est une espèce de mammifères ongulés artiodactyles, du groupe des ruminants, vivant dans les savanes africaines et répandue du Tchad jusqu'en Afrique du Sud. Son nom commun vient de l'arabe زرافة, "zarāfah", mais l'animal fut anciennement appelé camélopard, du latin "camelopardus", contraction de "camelus" (chameau) en raison du long cou et de "pardus" (léopard) en raison des taches recouvrant son corps. Après des millions d'années d'évolution, la girafe a acquis une anatomie unique avec un cou particulièrement allongé qui lui permet notamment de brouter haut dans les arbres. | [
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Dallas (1978 TV series) | Dallas (série télévisée, 1978) | Dallas is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on CBS from April 2, 1978, to May 3, 1991. The series revolves around a wealthy and feuding Texas family, the Ewings, who own the independent oil company Ewing Oil and the cattle-ranching land of Southfork. The series originally focused on the marriage of Bobby Ewing and Pamela Barnes, whose families were sworn enemies with each other. As the series progressed, Bobby's older brother, oil tycoon J.R. Ewing, became the show's breakout character, whose schemes and dirty business became the show's trademark. When the show ended in May 3, 1991, J.R. was the only character to have appeared in every episode. | Dallas est un feuilleton télévisé américain en 357 épisodes d'une durée de 45 minutes (sauf l'épisode final de la d'une durée de 70 min) créé par David Jacobs et diffusé entre le et le sur le réseau CBS. | [
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Danny Boyle | Danny Boyle | Daniel Francis Boyle (born 20 October 1956) is an English film, television and stage director and film and television producer. He is known for his work on films including "Shallow Grave", "Trainspotting" and its sequel "T2 Trainspotting", "The Beach", "28 Days Later", "Sunshine", "Slumdog Millionaire", "127 Hours", "Steve Jobs "and "Yesterday". His debut film "Shallow Grave" won the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. The British Film Institute ranked "Trainspotting" the 10th greatest British film of the 20th century. | Danny Boyle, de son vrai nom Danny Francis Boyle, né le à Manchester, en Angleterre, au (Royaume-Uni), est un réalisateur, producteur et scénariste anglais d'origine irlandaise. | [
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Bomb | Bombe (militaire) | A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanical stress, the impact and penetration of pressure-driven projectiles, pressure damage, and explosion-generated effects. Bombs have been utilized since the 11th century starting in East Asia. | Une bombe est un engin explosif consistant habituellement en un contenant empli de matériel explosif ayant pour but de causer une destruction lorsque déclenchée. À partir du, le mot est surtout utilisé pour désigner des engins explosifs lancés d'avions. | [
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Porto Seguro | Porto Seguro | Porto Seguro () is a city located in the far south of Bahia, Brazil. The city has an estimated population of 145,431 (2015), covers, and has a population density of 52.7 residents per square kilometer. The area that includes Porto Seguro and neighboring Santa Cruz Cabrália and Eunápolis holds a distinctive place in Brazilian history: in 1500 it was the first landing point of Portuguese navigators, principally Pedro Álvares Cabral. The crime rate is considered high, as is the case in all Bahia State | Porto Seguro est une ville brésilienne du littoral sud de l'État de Bahia. Porto Seguro est une station balnéaire très touristique aux plages superbes. La ville a vu naître la lambada, danse très sensuelle. | [
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Euthanasia | Euthanasie | Euthanasia (from ; "good death": εὖ, "eu"; "well" or "good" + θάνατος, "thanatos"; "death") is the practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering. | À l'origine, leuthanasie (grec ancien : :, « bonne »,, « mort ») désigne le fait d'avoir une mort douce, que cette mort soit naturelle ou provoquée. | [
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Montmartre Funicular | Funiculaire de Montmartre | The Montmartre Funicular () is an inclined transport system serving the Montmartre neighbourhood of Paris, France, in the 18th arrondissement. Operated by the RATP, the Paris transport authority, the system opened in 1900, and was entirely rebuilt in 1935 and again in 1991. | Le funiculaire de Montmartre, situé dans le de Paris (France), est depuis 1991 un ascenseur incliné automatique comprenant deux cabines, permettant de monter au sommet de la butte Montmartre et d'accéder ainsi à la basilique du Sacré-Cœur sans devoir emprunter l'escalier de plus de deux-cent-vingt marches. Ouvert en juillet 1900, il a été entièrement rénové en 1935 puis en 1991. Long de cent-huit mètres, il gravit les trente-six mètres de dénivelé en moins d'une minute trente. Géré par la RATP, l'opérateur des transports en commun parisiens, il a transporté en 2017. | [
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Puzzle | Casse-tête | A puzzle is a game, problem, or toy that tests a person's ingenuity or knowledge. In a puzzle, the solver is expected to put pieces together in a logical way, in order to arrive at the correct or fun solution of the puzzle. There are different genres of puzzles, such as crossword puzzles, word-search puzzles, number puzzles, relational puzzles, or logic puzzles. | Un casse-tête est un jeu qui se joue seul ou à plusieurs. Il consiste à partir d'une situation initiale donnée ou aléatoire à aboutir à une situation particulière en suivant un certain nombre de règles. Les casse-tête peuvent se trouver de différentes formes : | [
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Anne Perry | Anne Perry | Anne Perry (born Juliet Marion Hulme; 28 October 1938) is an English author of historical detective fiction, best known for her Thomas Pitt and William Monk series. In 1954, at the age of fifteen, she was convicted of participating in the murder of her friend's mother. She changed her name after serving her five-year sentence. | Anne Perry, née Juliet Marion Hulme le à Blackheath, à Londres, est une écrivaine britannique, auteur de plusieurs romans policiers qui se déroulent à l'époque victorienne. En 1954, elle a été condamnée pour l'assassinat de la mère de sa meilleure amie, perpétré avec celle-ci, dans l'une des affaires criminelles les plus célèbres de Nouvelle-Zélande, l'affaire Parker-Hulme. Cette affaire a inspiré en 1971 le film "Mais ne nous délivrez pas du mal" de Joël Séria et en 1994 celui de Peter Jackson "Créatures célestes". | [
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