StivenLancheros/all_datasets_wikis · Datasets at Hugging Face

src_title stringlengths 1 140 ⌀	tgt_title stringlengths 1 140 ⌀	src_summary stringlengths 41 2.74k ⌀	tgt_summary stringlengths 41 2.64k ⌀	input_ids sequence	attention_mask sequence	labels sequence	text stringlengths 946 37.7k ⌀	summary stringlengths 29 3.02k ⌀	gem_id stringlengths 10 19 ⌀	gem_parent_id stringlengths 10 19 ⌀	id stringlengths 1 7 ⌀	src_document sequence
Neo (The Matrix)	Neo (Matrix)	Neo (born as Thomas A. Anderson, also known as The One, an anagram for Neo) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the "Matrix" franchise. He was portrayed as a cybercriminal and computer programmer by Keanu Reeves in "The Matrix Trilogy", as well as having a cameo in "The Animatrix" short film "Kid's Story". Andrew Bowen provided Neo's voice in "". In 2008, Neo was selected by "Empire" as the 68th Greatest Movie Character of All Time. Neo is also an anagram of "one", a reference to his destiny of being "The One" who would bring peace. There are claims that a nightclub in Chicago inspired the name of the character in the Matrix. Neo is considered to be a superhero.	Neo est l'alias de Thomas A. Anderson, personnage fictif principal de la série cinématographique "Matrix", "Matrix Reloaded", et "Matrix Revolutions". Keanu Reeves a endossé son rôle dans les trois films.	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Glider (sailplane)	Planeur	A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined and so can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.	Un planeur est un aérodyne dépourvu de moteur, généralement de fort allongement, optimisé pour le vol plané et le vol à voile (utilisation des courants aériens ascendants en guise de propulsion). Les qualités principales d'un planeur de performance sont son taux de chute minimum (moins de 0,5 m/s), sa finesse maximale (rapport entre distance parcourue et altitude perdue, qui peut dépasser 60 km pour 1000m), sa charge alaire, qui conditionne sa finesse à vitesse plus élevée, et sa vitesse à ne pas dépasser (jusqu'à près de 300 km/h).	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Redshift	Décalage vers le rouge	In physics, redshift is a phenomenon where electromagnetic radiation (such as light) from an object undergoes an increase in wavelength. Whether or not the radiation is visible, "redshift" means an increase in wavelength, equivalent to a decrease in wave frequency and photon energy, in accordance with, respectively, the wave and quantum theories of light.	Le décalage vers le rouge ( en anglais) est un phénomène astronomique de décalage vers les grandes longueurs d'onde des raies spectrales et de l'ensemble du spectre — ce qui se traduit par un décalage vers le rouge pour le spectre visible — observé parmi les objets astronomiques lointains. À la suite des travaux de Tolman et Hubble c'est un phénomène bien documenté, considéré comme la preuve initiale de l'expansion de l'Univers et du modèle cosmologique avec le Big Bang. Dans cette acception, ce phénomène n'est pas produit par effet Doppler-Fizeau, mais est une conséquence de la dilatation de l'espace provoquée par l'expansion de l'univers.	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The Matrix Revolutions	Matrix Revolutions	The Matrix Revolutions is a 2003 American science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis. It was the third installment of "The Matrix" film franchise, released six months following "The Matrix Reloaded". The film was released simultaneously in 108 territories on November 5, 2003. While being the final entry in the original trilogy of the series, the "Matrix" storyline is continued in "The Matrix Online". It was the first live-action feature film to be released in both regular and IMAX theaters at the same time. Despite having a mixed reception from critics, the film grossed $427.3 million worldwide. A fourth "Matrix" film began production in February 2020, and it is set to be released on April 1, 2022.	, ou La Matrice révolutions au Québec et au Nouveau-Brunswick ("The Matrix Revolutions"), est un film de science-fiction australo-américain réalisé par les Wachowski, et sorti en 2003. Il clôt la trilogie commencée avec "Matrix" et "Matrix Reloaded".	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Screamers (1995 film)	Planète hurlante	Screamers is a 1995 Canadian-American science fiction horror film starring Peter Weller, Roy Dupuis, and Jennifer Rubin, and directed by Christian Duguay. The screenplay, written by Dan O'Bannon with a rewrite by Miguel Tejada-Flores, is based on Philip K. Dick's 1953 short story "Second Variety", and addresses themes commonly found in that author's work: societal conflict, confusion of reality and illusion, and machines turning upon their creators. The film received generally negative response from critics at the time of its release. A sequel "", was released in 2009, to mixed reviews.	Planète hurlante ou Screamers, l'armée souterraine au Québec (') est un film de science-fiction canado-américano-japonais dystopique réalisé par Christian Duguay, sorti en 1995. Il s'agit de l’adaptation de la nouvelle "Nouveau Modèle" (') de Philip K. Dick, publiée en.	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Hippocrates	Hippocrate	Hippocrates of Kos (; ; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is often referred to as the "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized Ancient Greek medicine, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession.	Hippocrate de Cos (en grec :, Hippocrate), né vers 460 avant J.-C. sur l’île de Cos et mort en 377 av. J.-C. à Larissa, est un médecin grec du siècle de Périclès, mais aussi philosophe, considéré traditionnellement comme le « père de la médecine ».	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Lewis Trondheim	Lewis Trondheim	Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy,, on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic "La Mouche" and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animated cartoons. He explained his choice of pseudonym after the Norwegian city of Trondheim as follows: "As a last name I wanted to use a city's name, but Lewis Bordeaux or Lewis Toulouse didn't sound so good. Then I thought about this city, Trondheim... Maybe someday I will publish a book under my real name, in order to remain anonymous."	Laurent Chabosy, dit Lewis Trondheim, né le à Fontainebleau, est un dessinateur, scénariste et éditeur français de bande dessinée. Il est un des membres fondateurs de L'Association, de l'OuBaPo, de la collection Shampooing de Delcourt, du « Syndicat des Auteurs de Bande Dessinée » (SNAC-BD) et de la revue "Papier".	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Kevin Mitnick	Kevin Mitnick	Kevin David Mitnick (born August 6, 1963) is an American computer security consultant, author, and convicted hacker, best known for his high-profile 1995 arrest and five years in prison for various computer and communications-related crimes.	Kevin David Mitnick, né le à Van Nuys en Californie, est un pirate informatique devenu consultant en sécurité informatique depuis les années 2000.	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The King's Daughters	Saint-Cyr (film)	The King's Daughters () is a 2000 French period drama film directed by Patricia Mazuy. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. It was adapted from the novel "La maison d’Esther" by Yves Dangerfield.	Saint-Cyr est un film historique français, réalisé par Patricia Mazuy et sorti en 2000. Il est inspiré du roman "La Maison d'Esther" d’Yves Dangerfield.	[ 250004, 250054, 360, 11994, 611, 12951, 4, 37405, 53655, 26, 7, 2704, 58386, 43706, 282, 8, 12321, 510, 191, 32599, 90, 47, 5423, 1257, 10, 45443, 214, 10696, 100, 27150, 76849, 7, 111, 110, 2661, 87143, 450, 765, 91148, 98, 7941, 20028, 4, 70, 109417, 121678, 13, 8, 12190, 9, 193206, 4, 10, 10696, 7440, 29526, 53299, 10, 2147, 10821, 1284, 26697, 53019, 5, 581, 5117, 34844, 53, 83, 450, 70, 25921, 1295, 70, 140280, 7, 756, 70424, 12921, 18150, 46876, 7, 136, 220734, 7, 136, 70, 5117, 66211, 83, 47, 94957, 2856, 756, 47, 70424, 10, 5570, 52021, 7270, 3378, 92265, 5, 24372, 10, 10846, 5369, 111, 13830, 18234, 6620, 4, 70, 10696, 26, 7, 5117, 131264, 23534, 69201, 47, 99, 25500, 5, 893, 5526, 52028, 187, 62093, 1295, 10, 23718, 390, 70, 25921, 111, 142, 125663, 1295, 44, 568, 19379, 429, 701, 58, 390, 2552, 33647, 5, 3293, 80675, 90, 5792, 5045, 36096, 54940, 70, 39329, 7, 136, 221, 43706, 282, 8, 12321, 510, 191, 26458, 7, 2552, 33647, 47, 33022, 604, 10, 11301, 100, 604, 25921, 450, 1645, 62093, 19492, 13, 46, 903, 23534, 7, 47, 186, 44, 16474, 9319, 740, 581, 25921, 3884, 98, 70, 3525, 11301, 136, 4, 3229, 70, 60097, 136, 1919, 29685, 29966, 70, 36049, 4, 43706, 282, 8, 12321, 510, 191, 2773, 62093, 450, 903, 1902, 7228, 70, 110, 13566, 111, 70, 29685, 21455, 604, 211351, 90, 237, 30388, 7, 100, 40, 77391, 136, 129570, 5, 1784, 1651, 429, 152132, 7, 6, 121147, 1257, 136, 1632, 110, 2661, 669, 3853, 111240, 7, 47, 36356, 3934, 70, 10696, 5, 43706, 282, 8, 12321, 510, 191, 28288, 7, 47, 6, 178451, 81113, 56, 91736, 136, 12266, 449, 90, 3934, 42615, 23, 142, 81887, 47, 14700, 101426, 604, 11015, 5, 4687, 26458, 7, 142, 1563, 9190, 47, 4358, 604, 13695, 25921, 98, 70, 7108, 14949, 14392, 60875, 136, 13695, 2856, 46002, 1295, 70, 8999, 5, 175399, 111, 174548, 6863, 25921, 3934, 142, 100307, 100, 70, 8999, 50782, 4, 70, 10696, 123867, 479, 53, 47, 2773, 31075, 4, 314, 933, 68034, 5773, 1295, 50081, 136, 123867, 34955, 46, 70, 1346, 3564, 7, 678, 6863, 2704, 137578, 136, 6, 170224, 5, 2 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 250008, 12190, 9, 441, 12271, 437, 51, 1346, 148677, 43054, 4, 65001, 366, 154928, 29678, 34, 53, 82, 73770, 22, 52489, 891, 437, 16877, 446, 115, 6315, 44, 2729, 109417, 104, 25, 16474, 9319, 58, 104, 26, 1723, 3132, 2290, 1505, 28394, 5, 2 ]	null	null	null	null	null	null
Juncaceae	Juncaceae	Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is "Juncus". Most of the "Juncus" species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as "Juncus bufonius" are annuals, but most are perennials.	La famille des joncacées ou juncacées regroupe des plantes monocotylédones. Elle comprend environ 400 espèces réparties en 6-9 genres. Ce sont des plantes herbacées ou des arbustes (rarement) des lieux humides, des zones froides à tempérées (jusqu'aux zones montagneuses tropicales). Dans cette famille on trouve les joncs genre "Juncus" L. à feuilles généralement cylindriques et les luzules genre "Luzula" DC. à feuilles planes.	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Champagne	Champagne (AOC)	Champagne (, ) is a French sparkling wine. Many people use the term "Champagne" as a generic term for sparkling wine, but in the EU and some other countries, it is illegal to label any product "Champagne" unless it came from the Champagne wine region of France and is produced under the rules of the appellation. This alcoholic drink is produced from specific types of grapes grown in the Champagne region following rules that demand, among other things, specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within the Champagne region, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation. The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are primarily used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well. Only these specific grapes grown according to appellation rules on designated plots of land within the appellation may be used to make Champagne.	Le champagne, également appelé vin de Champagne, est un vin effervescent français protégé par une appellation d'origine contrôlée dont la réglementation a nécessité plusieurs siècles de gestation. Son nom vient de la Champagne, une région du nord-est de la France. La délimitation géographique, les cépages, les rendements et l'ensemble de l'élaboration du champagne sont les principales spécificités de l'appellation.	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Ericaceae	Ericaceae	The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acid and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c. 4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well-known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers ("Erica", "Cassiope", "Daboecia", and "Calluna" for example).	Les Éricacées "(Ericaceae)" forment une famille de plantes à fleur (les Angiospermes). Elle compte près de 1 350 espèces de plantes réparties en une centaine de genres. Les genres principaux sont "Erica", "Vaccinium", "Gaultheria", "Leucopogon", "Cavendishia" et "Arctostaphylos".	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Cinema of India	Cinéma indien	The cinema of India consists of films produced in the nation of India. Cinema is immensely popular in India. Every year more than 1800 films get produced in various languages in India. Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Kochi and Bangalore are the major centres of film production in India. As of 2013, India ranked first in terms of annual film output, followed by Nollywood, Hollywood and China. In 2012, India produced 1,602 feature films. The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $1.86 billion (93 billion) in 2011. In 2015, India had a total box office gross of, the third largest in the world. In 2011, Indian cinema sold over 3.5 billion tickets worldwide, 900,000 more than Hollywood.	Le cinéma indien, au sens large, rassemble les productions cinématographiques réalisées en Inde ou considérées comme étant indiennes pour diverses raisons.	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Magna Carta	Magna Carta	After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling Parliament of England passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance.	, latin pour Grande Charte, désigne plusieurs versions d'une charte arrachée une première fois par le baronnage anglais au roi Jean sans Terre le après une courte guerre civile qui culmine le par la prise de Londres. Les barons, excédés par les demandes militaires et financières du roi et par les échecs répétés en France, en particulier à Bouvines et à La Roche-aux-Moines, y imposent, dans un esprit de retour à l'ordre ancien, leurs exigences, dont la libération d'otages retenus par le roi, le respect de certaines règles de droit propres à la noblesse, la reconnaissance des franchises ecclésiastiques et bourgeoises, le contrôle de la politique fiscale par un.	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Betulaceae	Betulaceae	Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with a few species reaching the Southern Hemisphere in the Andes in South America. Their typical flowers are catkins and often appear before leaves.	La famille des Betulaceae (Bétulacées) regroupe des plantes dicotylédones comprenant 157 espèces réparties en 6 genres. Ce sont des arbres ou des arbustes réparties dans l'hémisphère Nord dans les régions tempérées et jusqu'aux régions froides.	[ 250004, 250054, 581, 6300, 202, 189956, 621, 18822, 71, 47, 765, 62038, 3674, 99, 70, 3564, 111, 70, 15678, 102, 329, 10821, 14922, 15, 115095, 2358, 19879, 5369, 6650, 16, 23, 9879, 9098, 5, 3293, 10776, 99, 70, 1733, 2806, 765, 1902, 10, 170027, 66, 153552, 4743, 47, 70, 241846, 939, 111, 70, 1413, 29178, 7, 27414, 4, 3129, 127918, 63920, 111, 13379, 9, 5636, 138485, 136, 53190, 658, 1463, 3934, 70, 39395, 2994, 118, 6635, 14922, 5, 3293, 6275, 111, 59665, 83, 8060, 297, 390, 70, 15824, 450, 756, 37195, 12663, 136, 7221, 114149, 621, 24, 4935, 47, 903, 10776, 4, 5941, 111, 8382, 8035, 28117, 21068, 5, 3164, 37195, 5744, 12663, 621, 18822, 71, 47, 765, 45, 74789, 71, 89554, 390, 70, 29169, 519, 329, 86, 4, 678, 756, 12663, 23, 70, 14449, 15, 76228, 70, 131527, 111, 44, 670, 38904, 31, 74988, 18939, 19441, 10, 165082, 17164, 115851, 214, 4420, 99, 19713, 387, 19879, 5369, 1295, 70, 13379, 5, 129551, 47, 233239, 6, 34053, 112537, 53, 4, 70, 20903, 271, 35845, 7, 111, 70, 6300, 202, 189956, 621, 70, 32221, 2240, 73, 189956, 4, 707, 70, 2412, 9, 26079, 7, 5, 581, 39210, 256, 5076, 24073, 50886, 53, 5782, 10, 84239, 76, 18939, 136, 70, 12879, 16466, 24073, 50886, 53, 5782, 122200, 18939, 621, 5526, 707, 9254, 71, 18153, 7, 4, 55993, 19, 100, 2363, 6726, 133, 315, 933, 5, 581, 3789, 12663, 26698, 10, 14012, 111, 5700, 122360, 289, 1360, 90, 4, 38134, 538, 35020, 71, 23, 9201, 7, 136, 21334, 80583, 7, 74, 40368, 111, 70, 263, 17007, 621, 106480, 34292, 71, 100, 2363, 156100, 4, 124498, 538, 134855, 297, 1909, 92, 5, 581, 109412, 83, 137567, 7941, 4, 143033, 136, 99162, 4, 3328, 19, 372, 8256, 106480, 221, 74, 40368, 114149, 3542, 111, 88551, 131011, 23, 70, 11015, 7440, 4552, 7941, 109412, 87709, 111, 678, 144057, 99162, 95549, 509, 56065, 4, 6044, 237, 100, 41718, 434, 144009, 7, 4, 7401, 160298, 7, 4, 552, 177, 160298, 7, 4, 55516, 34831, 7, 4, 681, 26783, 45443, 7, 4, 136, 109412, 33, 280, 9405, 5, 360, 2684, 111, 6097, 4527, 7, 4, 109412, 1556, 5036, 2809, 91995, 71, 390, 12924, 707, 3789, 332, 9, 42424, 76319, 5, 18799, 233239, 6, 34053, 112537, 13, 41637, 42459, 70, 25632, 151618, 12, 2 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 250008, 239, 27348, 224, 6300, 202, 189956, 15, 571, 2305, 202, 2263, 8493, 16, 234377, 224, 122844, 80067, 939, 3703, 246, 1444, 375, 113207, 78600, 224129, 3537, 15866, 90, 22, 305, 30773, 7, 5, 1845, 2045, 224, 171009, 628, 224, 187, 4223, 1636, 3537, 15866, 90, 807, 96, 25, 16828, 2179, 11727, 10389, 7370, 807, 199, 38038, 7, 20805, 48536, 90, 82, 19269, 25, 10442, 38038, 7, 110916, 90, 5, 2 ]	null	null	null	null	null	null
Macrophage	Macrophage	Macrophages (abbreviated as Mφ, MΦ or MP) (, from Greek "μακρός" (') = large, "φαγεῖν" (') = to eat) are a type of white blood cell of the immune system that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the type of proteins specific to healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis.	Les macrophages sont des cellules appartenant aux globules blancs, qui infiltrent les tissus. Ils proviennent de la différenciation de leucocytes sanguins circulants, les monocytes. Les monocytes et les macrophages sont des phagocytes et sont donc capables de phagocytose.	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École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr	École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr	The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of Saint-Cyr") is the foremost French military academy – often referred to as Saint-Cyr () – located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany, along with the École militaire interarmes. Its motto is "Ils s'instruisent pour vaincre", literally meaning "They study to vanquish" or, more freely put, "Training for victory". French cadet officers are called "saint-cyriens" or "cyrards".	L'École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM Saint-Cyr), plus souvent appelée simplement Saint-Cyr, est une école militaire française d'enseignement supérieur fondée en 1802 par, alors premier consul. Elle forme aujourd'hui des officiers de l'armée de terre et une partie des officiers de la gendarmerie.	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Hymn to Liberty	Hymne à la Liberté	The "Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom" (,, also ) is a poem written by Dionysios Solomos in 1823 that consists of 158 stanzas, which is used as the national anthem of Greece and Cyprus. It was set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros, and is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text. In 1865, the first three stanzas (and later the first two) officially became the national anthem of Greece and, from 1966, also that of Cyprus.	L’Hymne à la Liberté (en grec : "" / "Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían") est un poème de 158 strophes écrit par Dionýsios Solomós en 1823. La musique fut composée par Nikólaos Mántzaros en 1828, et, en 1865, les vingt-quatre premières strophes devinrent l’hymne national de la Grèce. Seules les deux premières sont jouées et chantées lors de l'élévation du drapeau.	[ 250004, 250054, 17893, 299, 7, 5790, 32553, 840, 54397, 44, 60977, 28725, 47, 177106, 58, 23, 543, 3742, 23, 825, 1002, 660, 29538, 136, 1632, 6602, 14432, 509, 28412, 297, 23, 48205, 81562, 18651, 5, 1650, 509, 5423, 47, 19612, 23, 163140, 390, 70, 5631, 1029, 818, 6264, 9523, 150350, 42, 50118, 232, 276, 76206, 3666, 4, 2750, 150350, 71, 6626, 681, 7263, 11389, 7, 4, 10, 4989, 1632, 100, 70, 28271, 85745, 136, 10, 16610, 1632, 100, 70, 5117, 6626, 169218, 7, 74, 70, 21, 3055, 83, 70, 1632, 30666, 297, 237, 70, 15889, 12936, 7701, 111, 200955, 5, 44, 60977, 28725, 47, 177106, 58, 509, 30666, 297, 237, 70, 15889, 12936, 7701, 111, 27939, 26992, 7, 390, 12989, 111, 70, 70615, 111, 33744, 7, 23, 36236, 5, 156241, 390, 70, 160600, 5550, 111, 213867, 329, 4, 32553, 840, 54397, 70, 2119, 28725, 47, 20338, 70, 151994, 111, 160600, 7, 100, 23, 215131, 7103, 202032, 90, 111, 180, 139891, 79986, 5, 44, 60977, 28725, 47, 177106, 58, 456, 71013, 7, 70, 76367, 53, 111, 70, 160600, 7, 1379, 70, 71047, 47126, 136, 2363, 15673, 100, 147452, 5, 1529, 98363, 7, 12921, 47353, 111, 70, 5550, 4, 6044, 237, 70, 71924, 1830, 111, 58186, 59438, 139256, 53, 310, 111, 73138, 31, 8705, 4, 70, 132539, 111, 70, 32774, 17170, 7, 4, 1119, 41745, 272, 538, 70, 727, 429, 111, 4699, 74132, 433, 136, 70, 14949, 62816, 111, 70, 151994, 5, 893, 39908, 297, 11389, 509, 11814, 20271, 70, 16610, 9, 150, 4126, 15678, 1076, 22836, 237, 70, 15678, 1076, 178111, 195, 5, 581, 44, 60977, 28725, 47, 177106, 58, 1902, 2809, 70, 160600, 121678, 12936, 7701, 7103, 159992, 5, 44, 60977, 28725, 47, 177106, 58, 1556, 2809, 70, 15889, 12936, 7701, 111, 27939, 26992, 7, 16792, 36236, 5, 44, 60977, 28725, 47, 177106, 58, 1556, 2809, 51339, 297, 99, 11907, 20450, 6953, 405, 26973, 299, 111, 70, 152150, 34242, 4, 47, 8783, 6, 191145, 47, 200955, 237, 70, 127319, 23935, 111, 70, 152150, 34242, 5, 581, 11389, 39210, 538, 112730, 390, 116338, 8753, 7, 83, 142, 70767, 150350, 71, 390, 29730, 34, 86216, 156637, 583, 1784, 1970, 23240, 4697, 33049, 7, 5173, 8368, 74668, 93917, 4, 36770, 14364, 111, 70, 160600, 13703, 89499, 7, 5, 2 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 250008, 339, 26, 60977, 39, 86, 253, 21, 20846, 2312, 15, 33, 125567, 152, 44, 58, 248, 44, 42488, 39, 2245, 83, 2478, 540, 4240, 2347, 95193, 18939, 437, 51, 160, 23846, 8, 78373, 99257, 35412, 61150, 366, 17893, 1554, 7, 5790, 32553, 28237, 7, 22, 543, 3742, 5, 239, 72905, 17624, 144687, 13, 366, 17348, 849, 143, 232, 10556, 660, 58100, 7, 22, 543, 3882, 4, 82, 4, 22, 163140, 4, 199, 6, 6496, 18, 9, 90065, 107, 19145, 7, 99257, 35412, 8, 2082, 15724, 96, 26, 3038, 39, 86, 15889, 8, 21, 13779, 1934, 329, 5, 503, 60291, 199, 7821, 19145, 7, 2045, 2219, 8493, 82, 120199, 8493, 26510, 8, 96, 25, 50763, 330, 1363, 115, 117421, 8918, 5, 2 ]	null	null	null	null	null	null
John Maynard Keynes	John Maynard Keynes	John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist, whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and was one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. Widely considered the founder of modern macroeconomics, his ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, and its various offshoots.	John Maynard Keynes (), né le à Cambridge et mort le dans sa ferme de Tilton à Firle, est un économiste, haut fonctionnaire et essayiste britannique. Sa notoriété est mondiale. Il est le fondateur de la macroéconomie keynésienne. Le keynésianisme, la nouvelle économie keynésienne, le néokeynésianisme ou le post-keynésianisme sont issus de son œuvre. Considéré comme l'un des plus influents théoriciens de l'économie du, il fut, en tant que conseiller officiel ou officieux de nombreux hommes politiques, l'un des acteurs principaux des accords de Bretton Woods, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.	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Satyajit Ray	Satyajit Ray	Satyajit Ray (; 2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian film director, writer, and illustrator. He was one of the greatest filmmakers of the 20th century, celebrated for works such as "The Apu Trilogy" (1955–59), "The Music Room" (1958), "The Big City" (1963) and "Charulata" (1964). He was one of the of the leading figures of Parallel cinema. Ray was born in Calcutta into a Bengali family which was prominent in the field of arts and literature. Starting his career as a commercial artist, Ray was drawn into independent filmmaking after meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica's Italian neorealist film "Bicycle Thieves" (1948) during a visit to London.	Satyajit Ray ( en bengali ) est un réalisateur, écrivain et compositeur indien bengali, né le à Calcutta et mort dans la même ville le.	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John, King of England	Jean sans Terre	John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of ", a document sometimes considered an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.	Jean ( – ), dit sans Terre, fut roi d'Angleterre, seigneur d'Irlande et duc d'Aquitaine de 1199 à sa mort.	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Man Ray	Man Ray	Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all. He was best known for his photography, and he was a renowned fashion and portrait photographer. Man Ray is also noted for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" in reference to himself.	Man Ray, pseudonyme d’Emmanuel Radnitsky, est un peintre, photographe et réalisateur de cinéma américain né le à Philadelphie (États-Unis) et mort le à Paris (France).	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Georges Eekhoud	Georges Eekhoud	Georges Eekhoud (27 May 1854 – 29 May 1927) was a Belgian novelist of Flemish descent, but writing in French.	Georges Eekhoud, né le à Anvers et mort le à Schaerbeek, est un écrivain francophone, homosexuel et anarchiste belge. En 1899, il publia "Escal-Vigor" au Mercure de France, un des premiers romans modernes qui traite de l'homosexualité. Le livre fit scandale et il fut poursuivi. Plusieurs écrivains de renom prirent position en faveur de l'auteur. Un procès à huis clos eut lieu, qui se termina par l' de l'écrivain.	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Jean Ray (author)	Jean Ray (écrivain)	Jean Ray is the best-known pseudonym among the many used by Raymundus Joannes de Kremer (8 July 1887 – 17 September 1964), a prolific Belgian (Flemish) writer. Although he wrote journalism, stories for young readers in Dutch by the name John Flanders, and scenarios for comic strips and detective stories, he is best known for his tales of the fantastique written in French under the name Jean Ray. Among speakers of English, he is famous for his macabre novel "Malpertuis" (1943), which was filmed by Harry Kümel in 1971 (starring Orson Welles). He also used the pseudonyms King Ray, Alix R. Bantam and Sailor John, among others.	Raymond Jean Marie De Kremer est un écrivain belge bilingue, né le et mort le à Gand. Il écrit en français principalement sous le pseudonyme Jean Ray et en néerlandais souvent sous le pseudonyme John Flanders. Mais il a aussi usé de plusieurs dizaines d'autres pseudonymes et a, selon les éditions et rééditions, utilisé indifféremment l'un ou l'autre pseudo. Il est connu en français pour s'être largement consacré à la littérature fantastique, dont il est un des maîtres mais il a aussi beaucoup écrit pour la jeunesse.	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Planned community	Ville nouvelle	A planned community, planned city, or planned town is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve in a more "ad hoc" and organic fashion.	Une ville nouvelle, ville neuve ou ville planifiée est une ville, ou un ensemble de communes, qui naît généralement d’une volonté politique, et qui se construit peu à peu sur un emplacement auparavant peu ou pas habité.	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Baldassare Castiglione	Baldassare Castiglione	Baldassare Castiglione (; December 6, 1478 – February 2, 1529), count of Casatico, was an Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance author, who is probably most famous for his authorship of "Il Cortegiano" or "The Book of the Courtier". The work was an example of a courtesy book, dealing with questions of the etiquette and morality of the courtier, and was very influential in 16th-century European court circles.	Baldassare Castiglione, aussi appelé "Baldassarre", "Baldesar" ou "Baldassar", comte de Novellata, né le à Casatico, dans le marquisat de Mantoue et mort le à Tolède, en Espagne, est un écrivain et diplomate italien de la Renaissance. Il reste connu pour avoir écrit "Le Livre du courtisan", manuel de savoir-vivre qui connut un succès important à sa parution.	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The Call of Cthulhu	L'Appel de Cthulhu	"The Call of Cthulhu" is a short story by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Written in the summer of 1926, it was first published in the pulp magazine "Weird Tales" in February 1928.	L'Appel de Cthulhu (titre original : "The Call of Cthulhu") est une nouvelle fantastique de l'écrivain américain Howard Phillips Lovecraft, publiée en février 1928 dans le magazine "Weird Tales".	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Philippe Delerm	Philippe Delerm	Philippe Delerm (born November 27, 1950 in Auvers-sur-Oise, Val-d'Oise, France) is a French writer whose collection of essays "La Première gorgée de bière et autres plaisirs minuscules" sold more than one million copies in France.	Philippe Delerm, né le à Auvers-sur-Oise dans le Val-d'Oise, est un écrivain français. Depuis 1975, il réside en Normandie, à Beaumont-le-Roger (Eure), en compagnie de son épouse Martine, illustratrice de littérature jeunesse, avec laquelle il a un fils, Vincent Delerm, auteur-compositeur-interprète.	[ 250004, 250054, 24372, 10, 17723, 29041, 44462, 678, 1919, 117914, 27863, 4, 143464, 262, 603, 39, 237360, 71, 82575, 53, 96335, 99, 37226, 720, 107, 8108, 141753, 10, 117914, 66570, 5, 360, 26527, 4, 764, 139505, 6470, 13, 4960, 4503, 4, 109133, 47, 91006, 15477, 9, 133, 9, 12724, 1505, 23, 156327, 4, 136, 189924, 92265, 95935, 13, 99, 70, 24479, 17065, 478, 88842, 111451, 15, 4233, 2271, 110313, 19188, 16, 23, 79191, 53, 5, 581, 5117, 29053, 32032, 7, 3129, 262, 603, 39, 9325, 23, 1295, 28506, 3542, 128120, 71, 390, 80299, 1314, 5, 360, 26819, 4, 44, 2729, 40914, 3181, 23846, 51728, 58, 10, 516, 33740, 33946, 23, 70, 42179, 4, 136, 764, 23742, 70, 11704, 87696, 62, 16442, 9, 27591, 474, 50216, 100, 1919, 21261, 44, 284, 89583, 19, 740, 1529, 69307, 71, 1919, 5117, 13036, 36272, 23, 10586, 678, 70, 54452, 111, 44, 2729, 38394, 10389, 7563, 17995, 13, 8, 333, 10389, 82, 16380, 34944, 7, 26948, 70838, 830, 10, 42486, 111, 2273, 34666, 7, 707, 216569, 7, 4, 12638, 1632, 707, 6626, 37967, 23, 140909, 4, 28852, 23709, 70, 21365, 7, 450, 831, 186, 39958, 23, 70, 44, 73, 203258, 14, 36520, 8966, 58, 450, 3249, 1257, 6897, 5, 1650, 509, 3900, 143, 3674, 3934, 14941, 237, 44, 3957, 105508, 19434, 162, 30891, 111, 16505, 58, 15, 289, 991, 51529, 237, 44, 12137, 191147, 78289, 5510, 241, 257, 13538, 8752, 12, 893, 1747, 51606, 2320, 111, 6897, 25, 7, 19336, 147643, 7, 18939, 390, 44582, 10699, 254, 5, 262, 603, 39, 134620, 1919, 128169, 80997, 23, 2691, 23, 12989, 47, 142156, 13, 98, 1919, 32562, 4393, 9, 6032, 5, 1301, 142, 79775, 67945, 46485, 23, 28560, 619, 44457, 4, 262, 603, 39, 57119, 3674, 678, 70, 92265, 29681, 73962, 44, 866, 25, 647, 3181, 1081, 58, 100, 70, 4821, 152150, 34242, 23, 94100, 7, 4, 32562, 10, 31815, 63847, 100, 1632, 111, 70, 28560, 619, 44457, 47353, 5, 360, 8055, 43304, 764, 509, 77049, 71, 390, 9942, 226462, 47, 186, 10, 6868, 4597, 100, 28560, 619, 44457, 47353, 99, 70, 134288, 152150, 7, 5, 1529, 2843, 127918, 70, 1877, 92265, 13527, 5, 262, 603, 39, 83, 139505, 47, 20020, 25, 7, 12877, 17, 217319, 6470, 13, 262, 603, 39, 4, 678, 136565, 764, 1556, 1632, 775, 4, 5367, 56, 9, 35821, 70035, 89811, 262, 603, 39, 5, 2 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 250008, 143464, 262, 603, 39, 4, 18673, 95, 253, 5655, 7864, 9, 7102, 9, 670, 3075, 807, 95, 4769, 9, 71, 25, 670, 3075, 4, 437, 51, 6, 186945, 21845, 43054, 5, 69747, 26527, 4, 211, 3537, 8752, 22, 209469, 13, 4, 253, 91006, 15477, 9, 133, 9, 12724, 1505, 15, 647, 3408, 247, 22, 106118, 8, 775, 37597, 51483, 6470, 13, 4, 58755, 19077, 8, 237865, 40290, 184, 4, 1609, 78886, 211, 10, 51, 109389, 4, 89811, 262, 603, 39, 4, 6, 60540, 9, 277, 77087, 7745, 9, 10433, 10287, 79693, 5, 2 ]	null	null	null	null	null	null
Breakdancing	Break dance	Breaking, also called breakdancing or b-boying/b-girling, is an athletic style of street dance from the United States. While diverse in the amount of variation available in the dance, breakdancing mainly consists of four kinds of movement: toprock, downrock, power moves and freezes. Breakdancing is typically set to songs containing drum breaks, especially in hip-hop, funk, soul music and breakbeat music, although modern trends allow for much wider varieties of music along certain ranges of tempo and beat patterns.	Le breakdance, également appelé break dance, break, breaking, breakdancing, b-boying est un style de danse développé à New York dans les années 1970, caractérisé par ses mouvements de corps saccadés, son aspect acrobatique et ses figures au sol. Un danseur de breakdance est appelé "breakdancer", "Bboy" ou "b-boy" (pour un homme), "Bgirl" ou "b-girl" (pour une femme).	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East India Company	Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales	The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC), East India Trading Company (EITC), the English East India Company or the British East India Company, and informally known as John Company, Company Bahadur, or simply The Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the Mughals of India and the East Indies, and later with Qing China. The company ended up seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent (and briefly Afghanistan), colonised parts of Southeast Asia, and colonised Hong Kong after the First Opium War.	La Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales (d'abord anglaise, puis britannique sous le nom de "British East India Company", BEIC) a été créée le par une charte royale de la reine Élisabeth d'Angleterre lui conférant pour 20 ans le monopole du commerce dans l'océan Indien.	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Barry White	Barry White	Barry Eugene Carter (September 12, 1944 – July 4, 2003), better known by his stage name Barry White, was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and composer.	Barry White, de son vrai nom Barrence Eugene Carter, né le à Galveston, Texas, et mort le à Los Angeles, Californie, est un chanteur, compositeur et producteur américain de rhythm and blues et de soul des années 1970 jusqu'au début des années 2000.	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Kingdom (biology)	Règne (biologie)	In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla.	Le règne (du latin « regnum », au pluriel « regna ») est, dans la taxonomie linnéenne (qui organise la biodiversité en fonction des caractères communs partagés), le plus haut niveau de classification des êtres vivants. Dans les classifications les plus récentes, le règne n'est plus que le deuxième niveau de classification après le domaine ou bien l'empire.	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Hanna-Barbera	Hanna-Barbera Productions	Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. ( ), also simply known as Hanna-Barbera and variously over the years as H-B Enterprises, H-B Production Co., and Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc., was an American animation, film and television production studio founded in 1957 by "Tom and Jerry" creators and former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation directors William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, in partnership with film director George Sidney.	Hanna-Barbera Productions était une société américaine produisant des dessins animés et quelques séries télévisées. C’est aujourd’hui une filiale de Warner Bros. Animation qui n’existe plus en tant que telle : seul le nom de la société est utilisé pour ses programmes originaux.	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Elsa Morante	Elsa Morante	Elsa Morante (; 18 August 191225 November 1985) was an Italian novelist, poet, translator and children's books author. Her novel "La storia" ("History") is included in the Bokklubben World Library List of 100 Best Books of All Time.	Elsa Morante, née le à Rome et morte le dans cette même ville, est une romancière, nouvelliste, poétesse et essayiste italienne.	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Poaceae	Poaceae	Poaceae () or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.	Les Poaceae, ou graminées, sont une famille de plantes monocotylédones de l'ordre des "Poales", qui comprend environ groupées en, à répartition cosmopolite. C'est, par le nombre d'espèces, la cinquième famille de plantes à fleurs, après les "Asteraceae", "Orchidaceae", "Fabaceae" et "Rubiaceae". On y trouve la plupart des espèces appelées communément « herbes » et les céréales.	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Pythia	Pythie	The Pythia (, ) was the name of the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi who also served as the oracle, also known as the Oracle of Delphi.	Dans la religion grecque antique, la Pythie (en grec ancien ), également appelée Pythonisse, est l'oracle du temple d'Apollon à Delphes. Elle tire son nom de « Python », le serpent monstrueux qui vivait dans une grotte à l'emplacement du site actuel du sanctuaire, et qui terrorisait les habitants de la région autour du mont Parnasse avant d'être tué par Apollon, ou bien de « Pytho », le nom archaïque de la ville de Delphes.	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Carnutes	Carnutes	The Carnutes (or Carnuti), were a powerful Gallic people in the heart of independent Gaul, dwelled in an extensive territory between the Sequana (Seine) and the Liger (Loire) rivers. Their lands were later organized as the Catholic dioceses of Chartres, Orléans and Blois, that is, the greater part of the modern departments of Eure-et-Loir, Loiret and Loir-et-Cher. The territory of the Carnutes had the reputation among Roman observers of being the political and religious center of the Gaulish nations. The chief fortified towns were "Cenabum" (mistakenly labeled "Genabum"), the modern Orléans, where a bridge crossed the Loire, and "Autricum" (or "Carnutes", thus Chartres). The great annual druidic assembly mentioned by Caesar took place in one or the other of these towns. Livy's history records the legendary tradition that the Carnutes had been one of the tribes that accompanied Bellovesus in his invasion of Italy during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus.	Les Carnutes sont un peuple de la Gaule celtique vivant sur le riche plateau de Beauce. Ils ont donné leur nom à la ville de Chartres.	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Lanthanum	Lanthane	Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. It is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals, which would put it in group 3, although lutetium is sometimes placed in this position instead. Lanthanum is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. The usual oxidation state is +3. Lanthanum has no biological role in humans but is essential to some bacteria. It is not particularly toxic to humans but does show some antimicrobial activity.	Le lanthane est un élément chimique, de symbole La et de numéro atomique 57. Le lanthane a donné son nom à la famille des lanthanides qui font partie des terres rares. Son nom dérive du mot grec « lanthanein », ce qui signifie « cacher » : le lanthane est resté longtemps caché dans l'oxyde de cérium.	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Vascular plant	Tracheophyta	Vascular plants (from Latin "vasculum": duct), also known as tracheophytes (from the equivalent Greek term "trachea"), form a large group of plants ( 308,312 accepted known species) that are defined as land plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta, Tracheobionta and Equisetopsida "sensu lato". Some early land plants (the rhyniophytes) had less developed vascular tissue; the term eutracheophyte has been used for all other vascular plants.	Les Trachéophytes (du grec "Trakheia", conduit raboteux) ou Trachéobiontes (Tracheobionta), appelées aussi plantes vasculaires associent différentes divisions : Les caractères principaux sont l'existence de racines et la présence de vaisseaux conducteurs (phloème et xylème contenant des trachéides, d'où le nom de "Tracheophyta") assurant la circulation de la sève.	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Monocotyledon	Monocotylédone	Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae "sensu" Chase & Reveal) are flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divided, the rest of the flowering plants having two cotyledons and therefore classified as dicotyledons, or dicots. However, molecular phylogenetic research has shown that while the monocots form a monophyletic group or clade (comprising all the descendants of a common ancestor), the dicotyledons do not. Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank.	Les Monocotylédones sont, écrit simplement, les plantes dont la plantule issue de la germination d'une graine, ne présente tout d'abord qu'une seule "feuille", appelée cotylédon ou parfois, préfeuille ou éophylle.	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Typha	Typha	Typha is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. These plants have a variety of common names, in British English as bulrush or reedmace, in American English as reed, cattail, or punks, in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand as raupo. Other taxa of plants may be known as bulrush, including some sedges in "Scirpus" and related genera.	Les massettes ou Typha sont des plantes monocotylédones, également appelées quenouilles, typiques des bords des eaux calmes, des fossés, des lacs, des marais et plus généralement dans les milieux humides. Elles poussent en colonies denses. "Typha" est l'un des deux ou trois genres de la famille des Typhacées.	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Diuretic	Diurétique	A diuretic () is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way. Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of water in urine.	Un diurétique est une substance qui entraîne une augmentation de la sécrétion urinaire et qui peut être utilisée notamment pour traiter l'hypertension artérielle, l'insuffisance cardiaque, certains œdèmes, l'hypertension portale ou l'hyperkaliémie.	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Romain Rolland	Romain Rolland	Romain Rolland (; 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings".	Romain Rolland, né à Clamecy (Nièvre) le et mort à Vézelay le, est un écrivain français, lauréat du prix Nobel de littérature de 1915.	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Kali	Kali	Kali (,, ), also known as'() or'(), is a Hindu goddess. Kali is the chief of the Mahavidyas, a group of ten Tantric goddesses.	Kali (en sanskrit ou ) est, dans l'hindouisme, la déesse de la préservation, de la transformation et de la destruction. C'est une forme terrifiante de Pārvatī représentant le pouvoir destructeur du temps. Son nom dérive du mot "kāla", le "temps" en sanskrit, celui qui détruit toute chose. Celui qui la vénère est libéré de la peur de la destruction. Elle détruit le mal sous toutes ses formes et notamment les branches de l'ignorance (avidyā), comme la jalousie ou la passion.	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Miguasha National Park	Parc national de Miguasha	Miguasha National Park (French: "Parc national de Miguasha") is a protected area near Carleton-sur-Mer on the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec in Canada. Created in 1985 by the Government of Quebec, Miguasha was designated a World Heritage Site in 1999 in recognition of its wealth of fossils, which display a crucial time during the evolution of life on Earth. Other names for this site are the Miguasha Fossil Site, the Bay of Escuminac Fossil Site, the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation, and the Hugh-Miller Cliffs. It is also sometimes referred to on fossil specimens as 'Scaumenac Bay' or 'Scaumenac Bay P.Q.'	Le parc national de Miguasha est un parc de protection d'un site fossilifère du Québec au Canada. Le premier fossile été découvert en 1842. Depuis 1880, des milliers de spécimens ont été récoltés dans la falaise de Miguasha.	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Indulgence	Indulgence (catholicisme)	In the teaching of the Catholic Church, an indulgence (, from "indulgeō", 'permit') is "a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins". The "Catechism of the Catholic Church" describes an indulgence as "a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven, which the faithful Christian who is duly disposed gains under certain prescribed conditions through the action of the Church which, as the minister of redemption, dispenses and applies with authority the treasury of the satisfactions of Christ and all of the saints".	Dans l'Église catholique romaine, l’indulgence (du latin "indulgere", « accorder ») est la rémission totale ou partielle devant Dieu de la peine temporelle parfois nommée "pénitence" encourue en raison d'un péché déjà pardonné.	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Terrorism	Terrorisme	Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but gained mainstream popularity in the 1970s during the conflicts of Northern Ireland, the Basque Country and Palestine. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the September 11 attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. in 2001.	Le terrorisme est l'emploi de la à des fins idéologiques, politiques ou religieuses. Les multiples définitions (Alex Schmidt et Berto Jongman en 1988 en listent 109 différentes) varient sur : l'usage de la violence (certaines comprennent des groupes n'utilisant pas la violence mais ayant un discours radical), les techniques utilisées, la nature du sujet (mettant à part le terrorisme d'État), l'usage de la peur, le niveau d'organisation, l'idéologie, etc. Dans nombre de définitions intervient aussi le critère de la victime du terrorisme (civile, désarmée, innocente, attaque contre un État démocratique qui aurait permis au terroriste de s'exprimer légalement).	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Flowering plant	Angiosperme	The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae, or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, "angiosperm" means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; in other words, a fruiting plant. The term comes from the Greek words ("case" or "casing") and ("seed").	Les Angiospermes (Angiospermae Lindl., 1830), ou Magnoliophytes (Magnoliophyta), sont une division de plantes vasculaires du groupe des Spermatophytes (les plantes à graines). Ces végétaux, qui portent des fleurs puis des fruits, sont couramment appelés plantes à fleurs. Angiosperme signifie « graine dans un récipient » en grec par opposition aux gymnospermes (graine nue). Elles représentent la plus grande partie des espèces végétales terrestres (90 % à 96 % de la biodiversité végétale en dehors des océans), avec répertoriées en 2015, sachant que près de espèces sont découvertes par an. Les Angiospermes comprennent les Dicotylédones et les Monocotylédones.	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Bruce Lee	Bruce Lee	Lee Jun-fan (; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973), known professionally as Bruce Lee (), was a Hong Kong American martial artist, martial arts instructor, actor, director, and philosopher. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy drawing from different combat disciplines that is often credited with paving the way for modern mixed martial arts (MMA). Lee is considered by commentators, critics, media, and other martial artists to be the most influential martial artist of all time and a pop culture icon of the 20th century, who bridged the gap between East and West. He is credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films.	Bruce Lee, nom de scène de Lee Jun-fan (李振藩), né dans le quartier de Chinatown à San Francisco aux États-Unis le et mort d'un œdème cérébral à Hong Kong le, est un artiste martial, réalisateur, acteur, producteur (Concord Production Inc.), scénariste sino-américain.	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Blade Runner	Blade Runner (film)	Blade Runner is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young and Edward James Olmos, it is loosely based on Philip K. Dick's novel "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" (1968). The film is set in a dystopian future Los Angeles of 2019, in which synthetic humans known as replicants are bio-engineered by the powerful Tyrell Corporation to work at space colonies. When a fugitive group of advanced replicants led by Roy Batty (Hauer) escapes back to Earth, burnt-out cop Rick Deckard (Ford) reluctantly agrees to hunt them down.	L'action du film se situe à Los Angeles en 2019 et met en scène Rick Deckard (interprété par Harrison Ford), un ancien policier qui reprend du service pour traquer un groupe de "réplicants", des androïdes créés à l'image de l'Homme, menés par l'énigmatique Roy Batty (interprété par Rutger Hauer).	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Jacobus Arminius	Jacobus Arminius	Jacobus Arminius (October 10, 1560 – October 19, 1609), the Latinized name of Jakob Hermanszoon, was a Dutch theologian from the Protestant Reformation period whose views became the basis of Arminianism and the Dutch Remonstrant movement. He served from 1603 as professor in theology at the University of Leiden and wrote many books and treatises on theology.	Jacobus Arminius ( - ), nom latinisé de Jakob Hermanszoon, était un théologien hollandais de la période de la réforme protestante dont les conceptions ont été à la base de l'arminianisme et du mouvement des remontrants hollandais. Il a été professeur de théologie à l'université de Leyde à partir de 1603 et a écrit de nombreux ouvrages et traités de théologie.	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Vajrayana	Bouddhisme vajrayāna	Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tibetan Buddhism,Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are terms referring to the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet, Bhutan, and East Asia. In Tibet, Buddhist Tantra is termed "Vajrayāna", while in China it is generally known as Tángmì Hanmi 漢密 (唐密, "Chinese Esotericism") or "Mìzōng "(密宗, "Esoteric Sect"), in Pali it is known as "Pyitsayãna " (ပစ္စယာန), and in Japan it is known as Mikkyō (密教, "secret teachings").	Le vajrayāna () est une forme de bouddhisme d'origine indienne, nommée aussi bouddhisme tantrique, dont certains principes suivent le bouddhisme mahāyāna. Il contient des éléments semblables à l'hindouisme et en particulier au shivaïsme cachemirien. Au Tibet, le vajrayāna et le bön, religion locale, se sont eux aussi influencés réciproquement.	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Hydrocharitaceae	Hydrocharitaceae	Hydrocharitaceae is a flowering plant family including 16 known genera with a total of ca 135 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ), that including a number of species of aquatic plant, for instance the tape-grasses, the well known Canadian waterweed and frogbit "Hydrocharis morsus-ranae".	La famille des Hydrocharitacées ou Hydrocharidacées (du grec « "hydro" » eau, et du grec « "charis" » grâce, beauté), comprend une centaine d'espèces réparties en une vingtaine de genres. Parfois stolonifères, elles possèdent un rhizome monopodial rampant aux feuilles disposées sur 2 rangées verticales, ou un rameau principal érigé avec des racines basales et feuillé.	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Theravada	Theravāda	Theravāda (; Pāli, lit. "School of the Elders") is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school's adherents, termed Theravādins, have preserved their version of Gautama Buddha's teaching in the Pāli Canon. The Pāli Canon is the only complete Buddhist canon surviving in a classical Indian language, Pāli, which serves as the school's sacred language and lingua franca. For over a millennium, theravādins have endeavored to preserve the "dhamma" as recorded in their school's texts. In contrast to Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna, Theravāda tends to be conservative in matters of doctrine and monastic discipline.	Le theravāda est une branche ancienne du bouddhisme hīnayāna issue de l'école Sthaviravāda. Relativement conservatrice, elle est aussi plus proche du bouddhisme primitif que les autres traditions bouddhiques existantes. La "Doctrine des Anciens" s'appuie sur un canon rédigé en pāli, nommé Tipiṭaka, comprenant de nombreux textes basés sur les paroles du Bouddha Śākyamūni, recueillies par ses contemporains et retranscrites quelques siècles plus tard.	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Cerium	Cérium	Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol Ce and atomic number 58. Cerium is a soft, ductile and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air, and it is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series, and while it often shows the +3 oxidation state characteristic of the series, it also exceptionally has a stable +4 state that does not oxidize water. It is also considered one of the rare-earth elements. Cerium has no biological role in humans and is not very toxic.	Le cérium est un élément chimique, de symbole Ce et de numéro atomique 58. Il fait partie de la famille des lanthanides.	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Avalokiteśvara	Avalokiteśvara	Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani ( ; ) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. This bodhisattva is variably depicted, described and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female. In Tibet, he is known as Chenrezig, and in Cambodia as Avloketesvar. In Chinese Buddhism, Avalokiteśvara has evolved into the somewhat different female figure Guanyin, also known in Japan as Kanzeon or Kannon. In Nepal Mandal this figure is known as Jana Baha Dyah, Karunamaya, Seto Machindranath.	Le bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara (hindi : अवलोकितेश्वर, "Avalokiteśvara" « seigneur qui observe depuis le haut », chinois : 觀世音, "Guānshìyīn" ou 觀音, "Guānyīn" ("Guanyin"), shanghaïen : "Kueu" ("sy") "in", coréen : 관세음, "Gwanseeum", japonais : 観音, "Kan'non", tibétain : "Chenrezig", vietnamien : "Quán Thế Âm", indonésien : "Kwan Im", khmer : លោកេស្វរ, "Lokesvara"), est sans doute le grand bodhisattva le plus vénéré et le plus populaire parmi les bouddhistes du Grand véhicule. Il est aussi utilisé comme yidam (déité tutélaire) dans les méditations tantriques.	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Bodhisattva	Bodhisattva	In Buddhism, a bodhisattva ( ) is any person who is on the path towards Buddhahood. In the Early Buddhist schools as well as modern Theravada Buddhism, a bodhisattva (Pali: "bodhisatta") refers to anyone who has made a resolution to become a Buddha and has also received a confirmation or prediction from a living Buddha that this will be so.	Bodhisattva (devanāgarī : बोधिसत्त्व ; pâli : bodhisatta ; chinois traditionnel : 菩薩 et simplifié : 菩萨 (púsà) ; japonais : 菩薩 (bosatsu) ; thaï : พระโพธิสัตว์ ; coréen : 보살 (bosal) ; tibétain : changchub sempa'; vietnamien: Bồ Tát ; "sattva" être, "bodhi" éveil, vocabulaire du bouddhisme) est un terme sanskrit qui désigne dans le bouddhisme hinayana un bouddha avant que celui-ci ait atteint l'éveil. Dans le bouddhisme mahayana, il désigne celui qui a formé le vœu de suivre le chemin indiqué par le Bouddha Shakyamuni, a pris le refuge auprès des trois joyaux (Bouddha, Dharma et Sangha) et respecte strictement les disciplines destinées aux Bodhisattvas, pour aider d'abord les autres êtres sensibles à s'éveiller tout en progressant lui-même vers son propre éveil définitif, qui est celui d'un bouddha.	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Filippo Tommaso Marinetti	Filippo Tommaso Marinetti	Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (; 22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolist artistic and literary community Abbaye de Créteil between 1907 and 1908. Marinetti is best known as the author of the first "Futurist Manifesto", which was written and published in 1909.	Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (né le à Alexandrie, Égypte, et mort le à Bellagio) est un écrivain italien, qui fut le fondateur du mouvement futuriste au début du.	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Alberto Moravia	Alberto Moravia	Alberto Moravia (, ; born Alberto Pincherle ; November 28, 1907 – September 26, 1990) was an Italian novelist and journalist. His novels explored matters of modern sexuality, social alienation and existentialism. Moravia is best known for his debut novel "Gli indifferenti" (1929) and for the anti-fascist novel "Il Conformista" ("The Conformist"), the basis for the film "The Conformist" (1970) directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Other novels of his adapted for the cinema are "Agostino", filmed with the same title by Mauro Bolognini in 1962; "Il disprezzo" ("A Ghost at Noon" or "Contempt"), filmed by Jean-Luc Godard as "Le Mépris" ("Contempt" 1963); "La Noia" ("Boredom"), filmed with that title by Damiano Damiani in 1963 and released in the US as "The Empty Canvas" in 1964 and "La ciociara", filmed by Vittorio De Sica as "Two Women" (1960). Cédric Kahn's "L'Ennui" (1998) is another version of "La Noia".	Alberto Moravia, nom de plume d'Alberto Pincherle, est un écrivain italien du, né à Rome le et mort le dans la même ville.	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Praseodymium	Praséodyme	Praseodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Pr and atomic number 59. It is the third member of the lanthanide series and is traditionally considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. It is too reactive to be found in native form, and pure praseodymium metal slowly develops a green oxide coating when exposed to air.	Le praséodyme est un élément chimique, de symbole Pr et de numéro atomique 59. Le praséodyme est un métal, couleur gris argent, du groupe des terres rares. Il fait partie de la famille des lanthanides. À température ambiante, il est ductile, malléable et s'oxyde lentement à l'air. On le conserve dans de l'huile minérale, car il réagit fortement avec l'eau.	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Neodymium	Néodyme	Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. Neodymium belongs to the lanthanide series and is a rare-earth element. It is a hard, slightly malleable silvery metal that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture. When oxidized, neodymium reacts quickly to produce pink, purple/blue and yellow compounds in the +2, +3 and +4 oxidation states. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a rare-earth element, it is fairly common, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, or copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. Most of the world's commercial neodymium is mined in China.	Le néodyme est un élément chimique, de symbole Nd et de numéro atomique 60. C'est un métal gris argent du groupe des terres rares. Il fait partie de la famille des lanthanides. À température ambiante, il est ductile, malléable et s'oxyde rapidement à l'air.	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Hinayana	Bouddhisme hīnayāna	"Hīnayāna" () is a Sanskrit term literally meaning the "small/deficient vehicle". Classical Chinese and Tibetan teachers translate it as "smaller vehicle". The term was applied to the "Śrāvakayāna", the Buddhist path followed by a śrāvaka who wished to become an arhat. This term appeared around the first or second century. Hīnayāna was often contrasted with "Mahāyāna", which means the "great vehicle".	Hīnayāna, expression sanskrite traduite par « petit véhicule », est couramment employé pour désigner les écoles anciennes du bouddhisme ("nikâya"). Le bouddhisme theravāda, souvent confondu avec le terme "hīnayāna", ne correspond qu'à.	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Promethium	Prométhium	Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is extremely rare, with only about 500–600 grams naturally occurring in Earth's crust at any given time. Promethium is one of only two radioactive elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, the other being technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide. Promethium shows only one stable oxidation state of +3.	Le prométhium (anciennement prométhéum puis "promethium") est un élément chimique, de symbole Pm et de numéro atomique 61. Avec le technétium, il est l'un des deux seuls éléments plus légers que le bismuth à n'avoir aucun isotope stable. Ce lanthanide est présent dans le milieu naturel à l'état de traces comme produit de fission spontanée de l'uranium 238 et de désintégration α de l'europium 151 : ces deux sources entretiendraient une masse totale de prométhium naturel sur Terre de et respectivement. Il est notamment présent dans le minerai d'uranium à hauteur de pour 10 tonnes de pechblende. On l'a identifié également parmi les raies spectrales de l'étoile HR 465 de la constellation d'Andromède, et peut-être aussi dans celles de l'étoile de Przybylski (HD 101065) et de l'étoile HD 965.	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Évry, Essonne	Évry	Évry () is a former commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, prefecture of the department of Essonne. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Évry-Courcouronnes.	Évry ( ; ) est une ancienne commune française située à vingt-six kilomètres au sud-est de Paris. Du village agricole en bord de Seine parsemé de châteaux qu’il était jusqu’au sortir des années 1950, fut créée en trente ans une ville nouvelle de cinquante mille habitants, une préfecture, un évêché, un pôle économique, éducatif et de recherche, conjuguant les atouts de plus de deux mille entreprises et administrations et les faiblesses d’une banlieue trop rapidement urbanisée, aujourd’hui symbole d’insécurité, d’où émerge pourtant une diversité culturelle, cultuelle et urbanistique où se mêlent barres HLM et meulières Art nouveau, rap français et scène nationale, presbytère du et unique cathédrale française du. Évry, qui a perdu son statut de ville nouvelle en 2001, est aujourd’hui en quête de renouvellement urbain, pour valoriser ses qualités environnementales, économiques, scientifiques, sportives et sortir de son statut de « cité sensible », en s’appuyant notamment sur les quatre dixièmes d’Évryens âgés de moins de vingt-cinq ans.	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Orchidaceae	Orchidaceae	The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family.	Les Orchidées ou Orchidacées (Orchidaceae), latin orchis, du grec ancien, órkhis (« testicule »), forment une grande famille de plantes monocotylédones. C'est une des familles les plus diversifiées, comptant plus de, réparties en.	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Baul	Bâul	The Baul or Bauls () are a group of mystic minstrels of mixed elements of Sufism and Vaishnavism from Bengal region, comprising Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Barak Valley. Bauls constitute both a syncretic religious sect and a musical tradition. Bauls are a very heterogeneous group, with many sects, but their membership mainly consists of Vaishnava Hindus and Sufi Muslims. They can often be identified by their distinctive clothes and musical instruments. Lalon Shah is regarded as the most celebrated Baul saint in history.	Les Bāuls (ou "fous" en bengalī) sont des groupes de musiciens itinérants qui parcourent le Bengale, autrefois en bateau ("bāulea"), maintenant souvent en train, en chantant des chants religieux, et en mendiant pour assurer leur subsistance. En hindī, on les appelle "bardāī", mot probablement de la même origine que notre "barde".	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Death metal	Death metal	Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as palm muting and tremolo picking, deep growling vocals, aggressive, powerful drumming featuring double kick and blast beat techniques, minor keys or atonality, abrupt tempo, key, and time signature changes, and chromatic chord progressions. The lyrical themes of death metal may include slasher film-style violence, political conflict, religion, nature, philosophy, and science fiction.	Le death metal est un sous-genre musical extrême du heavy metal. Il emploie généralement des guitares très distordues, des "", des growling profonds, des, les gammes mineures et des structures complexes avec de multiples changements de tempo.	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Leopard	Léopard	The leopard ("Panthera pardus") is one of the five extant species in the genus "Panthera", a member of the Felidae. It occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa, in small parts of Western and Central Asia, on the Indian subcontinent to Southeast and East Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because leopard populations are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and are declining in large parts of the global range. In Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuwait, Syria, Libya, Tunisia and most likely in Morocco, leopard populations have already been extirpated. Contemporary records suggest that the leopard occurs in only 25% of its historical global range.	Le Léopard ou Panthère (Panthera pardus) est une espèce de félins de la sous-famille des panthérinés. Ce félin présente un pelage fauve tacheté de rosettes ; une forme mélanique existe également. Excellent grimpeur et sauteur, le léopard a la particularité de hisser ses proies à la fourche d'un arbre pour les mettre hors de portée des autres prédateurs.	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War	Guerre	War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties.	La guerre se définit comme un état de conflit armé entre plusieurs groupes politiques constitués, comme des États. Par opposition aux guerres entre États, une guerre peut aussi désigner un conflit armé entre deux factions de populations opposées à l'intérieur d'un même État : on parle alors de guerre civile, de guerre ethnique, de guerre révolutionnaire ou encore de guerre de sécession.	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Mons	Mons	Mons (; ; ; ; ) is a Walloon city and municipality, and the capital of the Belgian province of Hainaut. The Mons municipality includes the former communes of Cuesmes, Flénu, Ghlin, Hyon, Nimy, Obourg, Jemappes, Ciply, Harmignies, Harveng, Havré, Maisières, Mesvin, Nouvelles, Saint-Denis, Saint-Symphorien, Spiennes and Villers-Saint-Ghislain.	Mons (, en picard "Mont", en néerlandais et allemand "Bergen") est une ville francophone de Belgique située en région wallonne. Ancienne capitale des comtes de Hainaut, chef-lieu de la province de Hainaut, ville principale de l’arrondissement de Mons, elle est le siège d’une des cinq cours d’appel du pays. La population montoise est de en 2018 et son agglomération contient.	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Pali	Pali	Pali () or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the "Pāli Canon" or "Tipiṭaka" and is the sacred language of "Theravāda" Buddhism. The earliest archaeological evidence of the existence of canonical Pali comes from Pyu city-states inscriptions found in Burma dated to the mid-5th to mid-6th centuries CE.	Le pali, ou pāli, est une langue indo-européenne de la famille indo-aryenne parlée autrefois en Inde. Les premiers textes bouddhiques, tipitaka, sont conservés dans cette langue, qui est utilisée encore aujourd'hui comme langue liturgique dans le bouddhisme theravada.	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Experimental psychology	Psychologie expérimentale	Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the processes that underlie it. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation & perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these.	La psychologie expérimentale est le champ de la psychologie basé sur la méthode scientifique expérimentale. Elle a pour objet l'étude des comportements directement observables. Les psychologues expérimentaux usent de diverses méthodes : descriptives (comme les observations systématiques, les observations des corrélations, les relations entre variables, les études "ex-post-facto"...) ou encore la méthode expérimentale pure.	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Saint-Omer	Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais)	Saint-Omer (; ) is a commune in France. It is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area.	Saint-Omer est une commune française, sous-préfecture du département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. Avec une population de en, elle est la du Pas-de-Calais. Elle est également la ville la plus peuplée de son aire urbaine qui compte en 2015,	[ 250004, 250054, 12190, 9, 670, 1991, 5117, 118775, 23, 70, 32562, 7, 20271, 70, 361, 927, 142642, 1379, 70, 9351, 111, 602, 4450, 34, 15, 294, 25320, 4615, 707, 77019, 56824, 247, 10932, 70, 12190, 9, 33189, 2311, 1563, 31804, 14037, 297, 98, 70, 99082, 111, 62, 11547, 1727, 4, 2365, 195, 62538, 707, 2383, 56, 194, 2383, 56, 4, 333, 10534, 111, 6003, 4757, 796, 26942, 4, 23, 70, 361, 927, 142642, 170920, 70, 3157, 31804, 111, 12190, 53598, 73, 4, 1295, 3129, 450, 111, 52151, 9, 187864, 509, 142, 5773, 105727, 5, 2975, 1405, 1294, 136, 4504, 19, 6889, 4, 3129, 21, 14437, 570, 70, 92265, 135555, 4, 33662, 205488, 1257, 17721, 70, 6626, 6, 124722, 3387, 4, 141753, 41866, 1017, 202, 2517, 3229, 23, 423, 12975, 2907, 2383, 56, 100512, 10, 333, 10534, 12259, 136, 52151, 9, 187864, 509, 165249, 47, 70, 30648, 111, 7515, 5252, 7263, 5, 360, 70, 483, 927, 142642, 4, 70, 54427, 450, 3514, 434, 1257, 68807, 70, 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Xuanzang	Xuanzang	Xuanzang (; fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator who traveled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.	Xuanzang () (v. 602 – 664), moine bouddhiste chinois, est l'un des quatre plus grands traducteurs des soutras bouddhiques de l'histoire de la Chine. Il a créé avec son disciple Huili (, parfois traduit en Kui Ji) en Chine l'école de la conscience seule (sk. vijñānavāda ou yogācāra, ch. "wéishí" ). Son propre récit "Rapport du voyage en Occident à l'époque des Grands Tang" d'une exceptionnelle richesse d'information sur les mondes chinois et indien à l'époque des Tang et de Harsha, fit l'objet de très nombreuses reprises ultérieures. En raison du célèbre roman classique "La Pérégrination vers l'Ouest" (ch. ), adapté plusieurs fois au théâtre et sur l'écran, il devient l'un des personnages historiques les plus connus de tous les Chinois. Il y est connu sous le nom de Sanzang (), traduction chinoise de Tripitaka : « trois corbeilles », qui désigne le canon bouddhique et, par extension, les moines qui en ont la maîtrise.	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Historical Jesus	Jésus de Nazareth	Historical Jesus is the reconstruction of the life and teachings of Jesus by critical historical methods, in contrast to Christological definitions (the Christ of Christianity) and other Christian accounts of Jesus (the Christ of faith). It also considers the historical and cultural contexts in which Jesus lived.	Jésus de Nazareth est un Juif de Galilée, né entre l'an 7 et l'an 5 av. J.-C.. Il apparaît dans le cercle de Jean le Baptiste avant de s'engager, entouré de quelques disciples, dans une courte carrière de prédication itinérante de deux à trois ans, essentiellement en Galilée, en pratiquant guérisons et exorcismes. Il suscite engouement et ferveur, s'attirant la méfiance des autorités politiques et religieuses, avant d'être arrêté, condamné et crucifié vers l'an 30 à Jérusalem pendant la fête juive de la Pâque, sous l'administration du préfet Ponce Pilate.	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Rosa canina	Rosa canina	Rosa canina, commonly known as the dog rose, is a variable climbing, wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia.	Le Rosier des chiens, Rosier des haies ou Églantier des chiens (Rosa canina L.), est une espèce d'arbrisseaux épineux de la famille des rosacées, très commun dans les régions tempérées de l'Ancien Monde. On le trouve dans les haies et les bois surtout en plaine. C'est une espèce de rosier botanique présentant de nombreux écotypes, toujours à fleurs simples. Il est utilisé comme porte-greffe pour des variétés de roses améliorées. Certains de ses hybrides sont des rosiers cultivés.	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Guînes	Guînes	Guînes (Dutch:Wijnen) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department south of Calais in northern France. Historically it was spelt Guisnes.	Guînes ("Giezene" en flamand) est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. Ses habitants sont appelés les "Guinois".	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Typography	Typographie	Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing (leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), and adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning). The term "typography" is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as a decorative device, unrelated to communication of information.	La typographie (souvent abrégée en « typo ») désigne les différents procédés de composition et d’impression utilisant des caractères et des formes en relief, ainsi que l’art d’utiliser les différents types de caractères dans un but esthétique et pratique.	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Theobroma cacao	Cacaoyer	Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Mesoamerica. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. The largest producer of cocoa beans in 2018 was Ivory Coast, with 37% of the world total.	Aussi appelé cacao ou cacaotier, le cacaoyer ("Theobroma cacao") est un petit arbre à feuilles persistantes du genre "Theobroma" de la famille des Sterculiacées, selon la classification classique, ou des Malvacées, selon la classification phylogénétique. Il produit des fèves comestibles aux saveurs différentes suivant les variétés de cacaoyer, à partir desquelles est fabriqué le cacao, le produit de base du chocolat.	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Samarium	Samarium	Samarium is a chemical element with the symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Compounds of samarium(II) are also known, most notably the monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe, as well as samarium(II) iodide. The last compound is a common reducing agent in chemical synthesis. Samarium has no significant biological role but is only slightly toxic.	Le samarium est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 62, de symbole Sm. Il appartient au groupe des lanthanides (inclus dans les terres rares). Le corps simple samarium est un métal.	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Gadolinium	Gadolinium	Gadolinium is a chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. It is only slightly malleable and is a ductile rare-earth element. Gadolinium reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture slowly to form a black coating. Gadolinium below its Curie point of is ferromagnetic, with an attraction to a magnetic field higher than that of nickel. Above this temperature it is the most paramagnetic element. It is found in nature only in an oxidized form. When separated, it usually has impurities of the other rare-earths because of their similar chemical properties.	Le gadolinium est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 64, de symbole Gd. Il fait partie du groupe des lanthanides. Le gadolinium doit son nom à Johan Gadolin, chimiste finlandais.	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Thérouanne	Thérouanne	Thérouanne (Dutch: "Terwaan"; French Flemish "Terenburg") is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is located west of Aire-sur-la-Lys and south of Saint-Omer, on the D 157 and D 341 road junction. Located on the river Lys.	Thérouanne (en picard "Therwane", en néerlandais "Terwaan" ou "Terenburg") est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France.	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Bapaume	Bapaume	Bapaume is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Bapalmois" or "Bapalmoises".	Bapaume est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. Sur le plan administratif, elle fait partie de l'arrondissement d'Arras ; et sur le plan électoral, elle est bureau centralisateur de son canton.	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Printing	Imprimerie	Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing, which appeared in China before 220 AD. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 AD and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the scientific revolution, and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.	L'imprimerie est un ensemble de techniques permettant la reproduction en grande quantité, sur support matériel, d'écrits et d'illustrations, cela afin d'en permettre une distribution de masse. Généralement, on utilise des supports plans et la matière la plus utilisée est le papier ou le textile.	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Luigi Pirandello	Luigi Pirandello	Luigi Pirandello (; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for "his almost magical power to turn psychological analysis into good theatre." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.	Luigi Pirandello est un écrivain italien, poète, nouvelliste, romancier et dramaturge, né le à Agrigente en Sicile au lieu-dit « Caos », entre Agrigente et Porto Empedocle, durant une épidémie de choléra, et mort à Rome le. Son œuvre a été récompensée du prix Nobel de littérature en 1934.	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Alismatales	Alismatales	The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats.	Les Alismatales forment un ordre de plantes monocotylédones, souvent aquatiques ou des lieux humides. Certaines de ces espèces sont considérées comme espèces-ingénieur dans les zones humides.	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Iridaceae	Iridaceae	Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It includes a number of other well known cultivated plants, such as freesias, gladioli and crocuses.	La famille des Iridaceae (Iridacées) est constituée de plantes monocotylédones. La circonscription est discutée : elle comprend environ espèces réparties en 67-92 genres répartis en quelques sous-familles.	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Synergy	Synergie	Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts. The term "synergy" comes from the Attic Greek word συνεργία'from ',, meaning "working together".	La synergie est un type de phénomène par lequel plusieurs facteurs agissant en commun ensemble créent un effet global ; un effet "synergique" distinct de tout ce qui aurait pu se produire s'ils avaient opéré isolément, que ce soit chacun de son côté ou tous réunis mais œuvrant indépendamment. Il y a donc l'idée d'une coopération créative.	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Liliaceae	Liliaceae	The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 254 (or 15) genera and about 4075 (or 610) known species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair amount of morphological diversity despite genetic similarity. Common characteristics include large flowers with parts arranged in threes: with six colored or patterned petaloid tepals (undifferentiated petals and sepals) arranged in two whorls, six stamens and a superior ovary. The leaves are linear in shape, with their veins usually arranged parallel to the edges, single and arranged alternating on the stem, or in a rosette at the base. Most species are grown from bulbs, although some have rhizomes. First described in 1789, the lily family became a paraphyletic "catch-all" (wastebasket) group of petaloid monocots that did not fit into other families and included a great number of genera now included in other families and in some cases in other orders. Consequently, many sources and descriptions labelled "Liliaceae" deal with the broader sense of the family.	La Femme du boulanger est un film français réalisé par Marcel Pagnol, sorti en 1938, adaptation d'un épisode du roman "Jean le Bleu" de Jean Giono.	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The Baker's Wife (film)	La Femme du boulanger	The Baker's Wife () is a 1938 French drama film directed by Marcel Pagnol. It is based on the novel "Blue Boy" by French author Jean Giono and became the basis of the American musical "The Baker's Wife".	Les Liliacées (Liliaceae Juss.) sont une famille de plantes à fleurs monocotylédones, généralement à bulbes. C'est l'une des plus importantes familles selon la classification de Cronquist (1981). Elle comprend des plantes bien connues comme le lys (ou lis), le muguet de mai, la jacinthe véritable, la tulipe, et le narcisse.	[ 250004, 250054, 6561, 51065, 17431, 23, 142, 202784, 1771, 54427, 23, 70, 127067, 111, 9942, 4, 70, 28875, 27150, 58386, 111, 70, 3472, 56, 127877, 5773, 678, 10, 3535, 43452, 27150, 2412, 94266, 71, 5, 26040, 214, 604, 74955, 23, 70, 42141, 4, 70, 3472, 56, 83, 222973, 297, 5, 1529, 48339, 7, 2412, 1556, 1902, 47, 738, 186683, 47, 604, 42732, 4, 1284, 3395, 621, 959, 150863, 297, 136, 2363, 79825, 99, 158, 8748, 214, 4049, 1239, 73702, 5, 2016, 214, 3934, 52305, 46889, 4, 764, 83, 53894, 538, 1257, 3509, 99, 2367, 37202, 142, 51, 2242, 60096, 520, 3796, 1295, 70, 23, 83613, 111468, 37534, 27150, 494, 525, 136, 10336, 7, 100, 70, 26216, 4, 7440, 764, 62163, 3835, 538, 104, 79099, 98, 11489, 7, 5, 581, 1108, 28694, 4, 2750, 83, 70, 4000, 2515, 34695, 56, 4, 136, 70, 10696, 17615, 5372, 5646, 70, 16648, 23, 3535, 5, 210732, 70, 3472, 56, 47, 11958, 4, 678, 70, 8060, 111, 70, 494, 525, 1836, 11782, 10, 3835, 41714, 47, 45252, 51347, 5, 76278, 6238, 70, 16128, 3934, 77488, 76456, 8916, 7, 4, 77488, 76456, 205148, 7, 6, 121147, 142, 146353, 5844, 33938, 136, 1632, 117729, 10, 143839, 214, 5, 4687, 509, 51592, 390, 142, 348, 603, 23, 10, 116755, 678, 70, 2412, 94266, 71, 4, 24, 12225, 5, 581, 494, 525, 136, 70, 10696, 17615, 5372, 621, 19667, 19, 100, 70, 71110, 13, 66211, 111, 117, 37316, 6238, 604, 47, 30646, 5, 581, 2412, 94266, 71, 30482, 5773, 4271, 136, 70, 494, 525, 51776, 604, 47, 10, 92136, 3687, 4, 12960, 70, 10696, 17615, 5372, 30646, 7, 678, 70, 4127, 7123, 450, 2412, 83, 14037, 5, 24372, 70, 494, 525, 1556, 12301, 604, 70, 13765, 111, 9716, 136, 70, 46667, 39958, 23, 25171, 26976, 4, 764, 100, 96259, 7, 604, 136, 51776, 604, 5368, 5, 1840, 5117, 2565, 47, 604, 71390, 83, 44, 158240, 1294, 58, 136, 764, 100, 96259, 7, 604, 5792, 4, 21208, 764, 831, 25, 18, 39746, 10, 10846, 44126, 34153, 1672, 27388, 53, 27150, 2412, 94266, 6468, 2750, 108654, 398, 4, 5161, 398, 136, 31358, 398, 5, 717, 429, 9319, 1836, 22729, 70, 56190, 4, 221, 450, 70, 54427, 1221, 765, 179967, 23, 70, 42141, 5, 581, 1346, 509, 14359, 2822, 390, 70, 14380, 2673, 16274, 53, 4, 23, 4393, 201, 605, 4, 1295, 70, 40907, 2273, 2276, 31355, 17957, 7311, 4, 1601, 1824, 297, 390, 70, 1346, 55474, 25, 7, 69190, 191, 115963, 8341, 23111, 136, 143608, 11, 15537, 130275, 669, 5, 8622, 83, 10, 16843, 335, 41725, 9, 7092, 79737, 19882, 5, 2 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 250008, 1734, 95630, 2263, 8493, 15, 9506, 150, 189956, 112307, 7, 5, 16, 2045, 773, 27348, 8, 122844, 253, 113755, 7, 22460, 587, 939, 3703, 246, 1444, 4, 151766, 253, 11876, 7438, 5, 313, 25, 525, 96, 25, 1811, 224, 1001, 23555, 27348, 7, 34418, 21, 40865, 1363, 8, 24727, 19, 28694, 18, 15, 100986, 194, 14663, 52268, 224, 122844, 1806, 70561, 90, 3739, 95, 20592, 15, 796, 400, 7, 247, 95, 842, 6261, 18, 8, 409, 4, 21, 79, 6333, 2347, 93412, 4, 21, 9390, 1081, 4, 82, 95, 199366, 184, 5, 2 ]	null	null	null	null	null	null
Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise	Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise	Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. The population of the town itself is 5,368, the population of the canton is 14,939.	Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. La commune est le siège de la communauté de communes du Ternois. Ce fut une ville de l'ancienne province d'Artois.	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Heartbeat (1938 film)	Le Schpountz (film, 1938)	Heartbeat (French: Le schpountz) is a 1938 French comedy film directed by Marcel Pagnol and starring Fernandel, Orane Demazis and Fernand Charpin. It was remade in 1999 as "Le schpountz", directed by Gérard Oury.	Le Schpountz est un film français réalisé par Marcel Pagnol, sorti en 1938. Le film, bien que totalement original, tourné en 1937 en parallèle avec un autre film de Pagnol, "Regain", se base sur une anecdote réelle survenue lors du tournage d'un précédent film, "Angèle", tourné en 1934.	[ 250004, 250054, 87, 4273, 40062, 60742, 136, 43240, 23, 70, 10176, 11969, 3443, 53, 19927, 111, 1919, 29041, 9393, 51, 11030, 4, 2750, 91048, 4049, 1257, 4, 136, 48869, 7, 111, 141753, 10, 170277, 136, 98870, 1346, 39329, 678, 142, 188768, 2258, 5, 6561, 5155, 10, 1346, 172040, 7279, 7, 23, 70, 54427, 136, 764, 81887, 7, 47, 33946, 2856, 23, 1919, 165, 164, 63127, 297, 12348, 7, 5, 10660, 11301, 33233, 678, 1919, 995, 169234, 4, 159029, 4049, 70, 54427, 68649, 707, 44, 3232, 771, 9109, 169, 830, 136, 3853, 8337, 4049, 10, 106287, 18264, 5, 18763, 51, 11030, 88165, 60291, 1919, 24, 9392, 3618, 53, 136, 70, 52193, 2347, 9523, 115065, 13, 4, 10, 32786, 111, 70, 7175, 4, 1631, 1779, 4049, 959, 47, 5646, 442, 147115, 5, 4966, 87, 4273, 40062, 205850, 7, 1919, 14880, 5180, 136, 4, 35971, 10, 25550, 47, 7270, 4, 54410, 7, 99, 70, 12275, 4, 1295, 3129, 764, 83, 119140, 297, 538, 104250, 19, 1810, 5, 2561, 214, 13380, 53, 98, 4049, 4, 115065, 13, 62163, 4049, 10, 12447, 237, 10, 25793, 7, 195644, 5, 33306, 70, 741, 25306, 2750, 5117, 22, 7, 76, 2822, 4049, 7068, 4527, 4049, 23, 15700, 88308, 47, 73573, 70, 5646, 111, 10, 46878, 10821, 39329, 4, 9207, 34, 16466, 4, 1379, 142, 3853, 1286, 46878, 10821, 14364, 5, 24044, 214, 4049, 98, 47, 70, 5423, 50339, 23, 156059, 4, 1284, 3060, 2773, 3075, 450, 764, 83, 20653, 99864, 43257, 3501, 53974, 2886, 136, 764, 83, 34475, 10, 2831, 5, 581, 1346, 83, 10, 36272, 4, 678, 70, 3835, 12601, 2852, 70, 180327, 111, 87, 4273, 40062, 47, 70, 3189, 474, 111, 9207, 34, 16466, 5, 581, 10336, 111, 70, 12275, 76199, 4049, 10, 2773, 18264, 4, 3129, 764, 1221, 959, 24092, 24189, 764, 2843, 62163, 10, 108846, 6, 139024, 3050, 106371, 184, 166615, 2661, 4, 136, 98, 70, 90254, 111, 903, 764, 26171, 7, 47, 115065, 13, 5, 76556, 139505, 4, 70, 6626, 22648, 7565, 47, 1919, 51, 11030, 25, 7, 54427, 4, 7440, 764, 30957, 7, 70, 19927, 75447, 23, 70, 180950, 23, 3129, 764, 25737, 4, 128219, 1919, 51, 11030, 450, 1919, 48869, 111, 65536, 1556, 77443, 98320, 136, 113292, 47, 1380, 5368, 13438, 5, 581, 51, 11030, 83, 8, 20016, 297, 47, 186, 77443, 7108, 4, 136, 87, 4273, 40062, 7068, 19095, 7, 23, 1919, 58386, 5, 581, 51, 11030, 83, 8, 20016, 297, 47, 765, 22008, 37076, 47, 4488, 23, 70, 19927, 4, 24189, 87, 4273, 40062, 14192, 7, 4049, 47, 6713, 99, 70, 2258, 50782, 136, 221, 122273, 7, 70, 85027, 5, 2 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]	[ 250008, 636, 8643, 771, 9109, 169, 437, 51, 1346, 43054, 65001, 366, 76012, 8341, 23111, 4, 73770, 22, 41933, 5, 636, 1346, 4, 1806, 41, 134897, 7311, 4, 9742, 733, 22, 43357, 22, 121, 1181, 1934, 133, 1609, 51, 19501, 1346, 8, 8341, 23111, 4, 44, 54601, 21845, 830, 40, 3647, 613, 773, 10, 21986, 246, 67, 3537, 2118, 613, 68334, 26510, 115, 9742, 76, 429, 104, 25, 309, 115791, 1346, 4, 44, 53480, 1934, 133, 830, 9742, 733, 22, 58020, 5, 2 ]	null	null	null	null	null	null
Zingiberales	Zingiberales	The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologically diverse order that has been widely recognised as such over a long period of time. They are usually large herbaceous plants with rhizomatous root systems and lacking an aerial stem except when flowering. Flowers are usually large and showy, and the stamens are often modified (staminodes) to also form colourful petal-like structures that attract pollinators.	L'ordre des Zingiberales regroupe des plantes monocotylédones. En, en et en cet ordre comprend les huit mêmes familles :	[ 250004, 250054, 567, 22242, 1297, 21183, 621, 1632, 111, 142, 162145, 25958, 136, 6, 178851, 109622, 538, 9789, 136, 114149, 98870, 12989, 111, 22460, 47924, 7, 4, 678, 1632, 111, 70, 2684, 117781, 180371, 6, 178851, 25443, 5, 10660, 621, 21334, 1690, 106211, 38657, 10821, 84995, 329, 10821, 18153, 7, 1284, 21, 41324, 142, 10, 13, 51626, 36418, 4, 40494, 3229, 86608, 4209, 5, 64819, 7, 56104, 29333, 5330, 67, 678, 117781, 29333, 16836, 136, 21, 10593, 4, 95, 2407, 70767, 45, 143062, 10821, 15, 54547, 141, 23, 19314, 189956, 194, 10146, 2320, 120964, 67, 9, 6276, 1229, 365, 41684, 10821, 4, 678, 4122, 11049, 15, 22000, 272, 73, 247, 159, 9, 2420, 20051, 80707, 173, 5425, 136, 5885, 3900, 37676, 6272, 2320, 5, 158591, 7, 621, 137567, 21334, 136, 7639, 53, 4, 25632, 70, 4537, 22460, 47924, 103510, 4, 678, 23, 76352, 6964, 69098, 23, 96055, 9927, 9, 5062, 16195, 9248, 4, 97, 53, 519, 178851, 1771, 47, 10, 230612, 238, 4, 678, 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Macromolecule	Macromolécule	A macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as protein, commonly composed of the polymerization of smaller subunits called monomers. They are typically composed of thousands of atoms or more. A substance that is composed of macromolecules is called a polymer. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and large non-polymeric molecules (such as lipids and macrocycles), synthetic fibers as well as experimental materials such as carbon nanotubes.	Une macromolécule (ou molécule polymère) est une très grande molécule, qui possède une masse moléculaire relativement élevée. La notion de macromolécule a été introduite en 1922 par le chimiste allemand Hermann Staudinger. Une macromolécule formée d'unités chimiques similaires assemblées par des liaisons covalentes peut être décrite comme une molécule polymère, un ensemble de telles molécules est un polymère. De nombreuses protéines peuvent également être considérées comme des macromolécules.	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Cross-link	Réticulation	In chemistry and biology a cross-link is a bond that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins).	En chimie des polymères, la réticulation correspond à la formation d'un ou de plusieurs réseaux tridimensionnels, par voie chimique ou physique. Des liaisons chimiques (appelées ponts) entre les chaînes macromoléculaires sont créées. Les structures réticulées sont généralement préparées à partir de pré-polymères linéaires ou ramifiés de faible masse molaire (issus d'une polymérisation partielle), réticulés sous l'action de la chaleur en présence d'un catalyseur/durcisseur (agent réticulant).	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Rechargeable battery	Accumulateur électrique	A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell, (or archaically accumulator) is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use. It is composed of one or more electrochemical cells. The term "accumulator" is used as it accumulates and stores energy through a reversible electrochemical reaction. Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different shapes and sizes, ranging from button cells to megawatt systems connected to stabilize an electrical distribution network. Several different combinations of electrode materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid, zinc-air, nickel–cadmium (NiCd), nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), and lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer).	Un accumulateur électrique est un système destiné au stockage de l'énergie électrique sous une forme différente. Il repose pour cela sur une technique de conversion réversible d'énergie. Tous les processus de conversion d'énergie sont complexes et entraînent des pertes.	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Chaos theory	Théorie du chaos	Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics focusing on the study of chaos—states of dynamical systems whose apparently-random states of disorder and irregularities are often governed by deterministic laws that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary theory stating that, within the apparent randomness of chaotic complex systems, there are underlying patterns, interconnectedness, constant feedback loops, repetition, self-similarity, fractals, and self-organization. The butterfly effect, an underlying principle of chaos, describes how a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state (meaning that there is sensitive dependence on initial conditions). A metaphor for this behavior is that a butterfly flapping its wings in China can cause a hurricane in Texas.	En mathématiques, la théorie du chaos étudie le comportement des systèmes dynamiques très sensibles aux conditions initiales, un phénomène généralement illustré par l'effet papillon. Pour de tels systèmes des différences infimes dans les conditions initiales entraînent des résultats totalement différents, rendant en général toute prédiction impossible à long terme. Cela concerne même les systèmes purement déterministes (ceux dont le comportement futur est entièrement déterminé par les conditions initiales, sans aucune intervention du hasard) : leur nature déterministe ne les rend pas prévisibles car on ne peut pas connaître les conditions initiales avec une précision infinie. Ce comportement paradoxal est connu sous le nom de chaos déterministe, ou tout simplement de chaos.	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Adhesive	Adhésif	Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.	Un adhésif est un matériau qui permet de faire adhérer entre eux des objets. Selon la nature des objets à assembler (notamment son aspect de surface : rugosité, porosité), on utilise différents types d'adhésifs, dont la structure chimique va ou non réagir avec la surface des pièces assemblées.	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Terbium	Terbium	Terbium is a chemical element with the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime, and euxenite.	Le terbium est un élément chimique, de symbole Tb et de numéro atomique 65. C'est un métal gris argenté de la famille des lanthanides appartenant au groupe des terres rares.	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Les Maîtres du temps	Les Maîtres du temps	Les Maîtres du temps (lit. "The Masters of Time", a.k.a. "Time Masters", "Az idő urai" in Hungarian) is a 1982 Franco-Hungarian animated science fiction feature film directed by René Laloux and designed by Mœbius. It is based on the 1958 science fiction novel "L'Orphelin de Perdide" ("The Orphan of Perdide") by Stefan Wul.	Les Maîtres du temps est un film d'animation réalisé par René Laloux sur des dessins de Mœbius, sorti en 1982 et inspiré du roman de science-fiction "L'Orphelin de Perdide" de Stefan Wul.	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Neo (The Matrix)

Neo (Matrix)

Neo (born as Thomas A. Anderson, also known as The One, an anagram for Neo) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the "Matrix" franchise. He was portrayed as a cybercriminal and computer programmer by Keanu Reeves in "The Matrix Trilogy", as well as having a cameo in "The Animatrix" short film "Kid's Story". Andrew Bowen provided Neo's voice in "". In 2008, Neo was selected by "Empire" as the 68th Greatest Movie Character of All Time. Neo is also an anagram of "one", a reference to his destiny of being "The One" who would bring peace. There are claims that a nightclub in Chicago inspired the name of the character in the Matrix. Neo is considered to be a superhero.

Neo est l'alias de Thomas A. Anderson, personnage fictif principal de la série cinématographique "Matrix", "Matrix Reloaded", et "Matrix Revolutions". Keanu Reeves a endossé son rôle dans les trois films.

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Glider (sailplane)

Planeur

A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the leisure activity and sport of gliding (also called soaring). This unpowered aircraft can use naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to gain altitude. Sailplanes are aerodynamically streamlined and so can fly a significant distance forward for a small decrease in altitude.

Un planeur est un aérodyne dépourvu de moteur, généralement de fort allongement, optimisé pour le vol plané et le vol à voile (utilisation des courants aériens ascendants en guise de propulsion). Les qualités principales d'un planeur de performance sont son taux de chute minimum (moins de 0,5 m/s), sa finesse maximale (rapport entre distance parcourue et altitude perdue, qui peut dépasser 60 km pour 1000m), sa charge alaire, qui conditionne sa finesse à vitesse plus élevée, et sa vitesse à ne pas dépasser (jusqu'à près de 300 km/h).

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Redshift

Décalage vers le rouge

In physics, redshift is a phenomenon where electromagnetic radiation (such as light) from an object undergoes an increase in wavelength. Whether or not the radiation is visible, "redshift" means an increase in wavelength, equivalent to a decrease in wave frequency and photon energy, in accordance with, respectively, the wave and quantum theories of light.

Le décalage vers le rouge ( en anglais) est un phénomène astronomique de décalage vers les grandes longueurs d'onde des raies spectrales et de l'ensemble du spectre — ce qui se traduit par un décalage vers le rouge pour le spectre visible — observé parmi les objets astronomiques lointains. À la suite des travaux de Tolman et Hubble c'est un phénomène bien documenté, considéré comme la preuve initiale de l'expansion de l'Univers et du modèle cosmologique avec le Big Bang. Dans cette acception, ce phénomène n'est pas produit par effet Doppler-Fizeau, mais est une conséquence de la dilatation de l'espace provoquée par l'expansion de l'univers.

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The Matrix Revolutions

Matrix Revolutions

The Matrix Revolutions is a 2003 American science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis. It was the third installment of "The Matrix" film franchise, released six months following "The Matrix Reloaded". The film was released simultaneously in 108 territories on November 5, 2003. While being the final entry in the original trilogy of the series, the "Matrix" storyline is continued in "The Matrix Online". It was the first live-action feature film to be released in both regular and IMAX theaters at the same time. Despite having a mixed reception from critics, the film grossed $427.3 million worldwide. A fourth "Matrix" film began production in February 2020, and it is set to be released on April 1, 2022.

, ou La Matrice révolutions au Québec et au Nouveau-Brunswick ("The Matrix Revolutions"), est un film de science-fiction australo-américain réalisé par les Wachowski, et sorti en 2003. Il clôt la trilogie commencée avec "Matrix" et "Matrix Reloaded".

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Screamers (1995 film)

Planète hurlante

Screamers is a 1995 Canadian-American science fiction horror film starring Peter Weller, Roy Dupuis, and Jennifer Rubin, and directed by Christian Duguay. The screenplay, written by Dan O'Bannon with a rewrite by Miguel Tejada-Flores, is based on Philip K. Dick's 1953 short story "Second Variety", and addresses themes commonly found in that author's work: societal conflict, confusion of reality and illusion, and machines turning upon their creators. The film received generally negative response from critics at the time of its release. A sequel "", was released in 2009, to mixed reviews.

Planète hurlante ou Screamers, l'armée souterraine au Québec (') est un film de science-fiction canado-américano-japonais dystopique réalisé par Christian Duguay, sorti en 1995. Il s'agit de l’adaptation de la nouvelle "Nouveau Modèle" (') de Philip K. Dick, publiée en.

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Hippocrates

Hippocrate

Hippocrates of Kos (; ; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is often referred to as the "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized Ancient Greek medicine, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession.

Hippocrate de Cos (en grec :, Hippocrate), né vers 460 avant J.-C. sur l’île de Cos et mort en 377 av. J.-C. à Larissa, est un médecin grec du siècle de Périclès, mais aussi philosophe, considéré traditionnellement comme le « père de la médecine ».

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Lewis Trondheim

Lewis Trondheim (born Laurent Chabosy,, on 11 December 1964), is a French cartoonist and one of the founders (in 1990) of the independent publisher L'Association. Both his silent comic "La Mouche" and Kaput and Zösky have been made into animated cartoons. He explained his choice of pseudonym after the Norwegian city of Trondheim as follows: "As a last name I wanted to use a city's name, but Lewis Bordeaux or Lewis Toulouse didn't sound so good. Then I thought about this city, Trondheim... Maybe someday I will publish a book under my real name, in order to remain anonymous."

Laurent Chabosy, dit Lewis Trondheim, né le à Fontainebleau, est un dessinateur, scénariste et éditeur français de bande dessinée. Il est un des membres fondateurs de L'Association, de l'OuBaPo, de la collection Shampooing de Delcourt, du « Syndicat des Auteurs de Bande Dessinée » (SNAC-BD) et de la revue "Papier".

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Kevin Mitnick

Kevin David Mitnick (born August 6, 1963) is an American computer security consultant, author, and convicted hacker, best known for his high-profile 1995 arrest and five years in prison for various computer and communications-related crimes.

Kevin David Mitnick, né le à Van Nuys en Californie, est un pirate informatique devenu consultant en sécurité informatique depuis les années 2000.

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The King's Daughters

Saint-Cyr (film)

The King's Daughters () is a 2000 French period drama film directed by Patricia Mazuy. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. It was adapted from the novel "La maison d’Esther" by Yves Dangerfield.

Saint-Cyr est un film historique français, réalisé par Patricia Mazuy et sorti en 2000. Il est inspiré du roman "La Maison d'Esther" d’Yves Dangerfield.

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Juncaceae

Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and sedges. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is "Juncus". Most of the "Juncus" species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as "Juncus bufonius" are annuals, but most are perennials.

La famille des joncacées ou juncacées regroupe des plantes monocotylédones. Elle comprend environ 400 espèces réparties en 6-9 genres. Ce sont des plantes herbacées ou des arbustes (rarement) des lieux humides, des zones froides à tempérées (jusqu'aux zones montagneuses tropicales). Dans cette famille on trouve les joncs genre "Juncus" L. à feuilles généralement cylindriques et les luzules genre "Luzula" DC. à feuilles planes.

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Champagne

Champagne (AOC)

Champagne (, ) is a French sparkling wine. Many people use the term "Champagne" as a generic term for sparkling wine, but in the EU and some other countries, it is illegal to label any product "Champagne" unless it came from the Champagne wine region of France and is produced under the rules of the appellation. This alcoholic drink is produced from specific types of grapes grown in the Champagne region following rules that demand, among other things, specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within the Champagne region, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation. The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are primarily used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well. Only these specific grapes grown according to appellation rules on designated plots of land within the appellation may be used to make Champagne.

Le champagne, également appelé vin de Champagne, est un vin effervescent français protégé par une appellation d'origine contrôlée dont la réglementation a nécessité plusieurs siècles de gestation. Son nom vient de la Champagne, une région du nord-est de la France. La délimitation géographique, les cépages, les rendements et l'ensemble de l'élaboration du champagne sont les principales spécificités de l'appellation.

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Ericaceae

The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acid and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c. 4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it the 14th most species-rich family of flowering plants. The many well-known and economically important members of the Ericaceae include the cranberry, blueberry, huckleberry, rhododendron (including azaleas), and various common heaths and heathers ("Erica", "Cassiope", "Daboecia", and "Calluna" for example).

Les Éricacées "(Ericaceae)" forment une famille de plantes à fleur (les Angiospermes). Elle compte près de 1 350 espèces de plantes réparties en une centaine de genres. Les genres principaux sont "Erica", "Vaccinium", "Gaultheria", "Leucopogon", "Cavendishia" et "Arctostaphylos".

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Cinema of India

Cinéma indien

The cinema of India consists of films produced in the nation of India. Cinema is immensely popular in India. Every year more than 1800 films get produced in various languages in India. Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Kochi and Bangalore are the major centres of film production in India. As of 2013, India ranked first in terms of annual film output, followed by Nollywood, Hollywood and China. In 2012, India produced 1,602 feature films. The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $1.86 billion (93 billion) in 2011. In 2015, India had a total box office gross of, the third largest in the world. In 2011, Indian cinema sold over 3.5 billion tickets worldwide, 900,000 more than Hollywood.

Le cinéma indien, au sens large, rassemble les productions cinématographiques réalisées en Inde ou considérées comme étant indiennes pour diverses raisons.

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null

Magna Carta

After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling Parliament of England passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance.

, latin pour Grande Charte, désigne plusieurs versions d'une charte arrachée une première fois par le baronnage anglais au roi Jean sans Terre le après une courte guerre civile qui culmine le par la prise de Londres. Les barons, excédés par les demandes militaires et financières du roi et par les échecs répétés en France, en particulier à Bouvines et à La Roche-aux-Moines, y imposent, dans un esprit de retour à l'ordre ancien, leurs exigences, dont la libération d'otages retenus par le roi, le respect de certaines règles de droit propres à la noblesse, la reconnaissance des franchises ecclésiastiques et bourgeoises, le contrôle de la politique fiscale par un.

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null

Betulaceae

Betulaceae, the birch family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, hazel-hornbeam, and hop-hornbeams numbering a total of 167 species. They are mostly natives of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with a few species reaching the Southern Hemisphere in the Andes in South America. Their typical flowers are catkins and often appear before leaves.

La famille des Betulaceae (Bétulacées) regroupe des plantes dicotylédones comprenant 157 espèces réparties en 6 genres. Ce sont des arbres ou des arbustes réparties dans l'hémisphère Nord dans les régions tempérées et jusqu'aux régions froides.

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null

Macrophage

Macrophages (abbreviated as Mφ, MΦ or MP) (, from Greek "μακρός" (') = large, "φαγεῖν" (') = to eat) are a type of white blood cell of the immune system that engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the type of proteins specific to healthy body cells on its surface in a process called phagocytosis.

Les macrophages sont des cellules appartenant aux globules blancs, qui infiltrent les tissus. Ils proviennent de la différenciation de leucocytes sanguins circulants, les monocytes. Les monocytes et les macrophages sont des phagocytes et sont donc capables de phagocytose.

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École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr

The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of Saint-Cyr") is the foremost French military academy – often referred to as Saint-Cyr () – located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany, along with the École militaire interarmes. Its motto is "Ils s'instruisent pour vaincre", literally meaning "They study to vanquish" or, more freely put, "Training for victory". French cadet officers are called "saint-cyriens" or "cyrards".

L'École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM Saint-Cyr), plus souvent appelée simplement Saint-Cyr, est une école militaire française d'enseignement supérieur fondée en 1802 par, alors premier consul. Elle forme aujourd'hui des officiers de l'armée de terre et une partie des officiers de la gendarmerie.

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Hymn to Liberty

Hymne à la Liberté

The "Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom" (,, also ) is a poem written by Dionysios Solomos in 1823 that consists of 158 stanzas, which is used as the national anthem of Greece and Cyprus. It was set to music by Nikolaos Mantzaros, and is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text. In 1865, the first three stanzas (and later the first two) officially became the national anthem of Greece and, from 1966, also that of Cyprus.

L’Hymne à la Liberté (en grec : "" / "Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían") est un poème de 158 strophes écrit par Dionýsios Solomós en 1823. La musique fut composée par Nikólaos Mántzaros en 1828, et, en 1865, les vingt-quatre premières strophes devinrent l’hymne national de la Grèce. Seules les deux premières sont jouées et chantées lors de l'élévation du drapeau.

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes ( ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist, whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles, and was one of the most influential economists of the 20th century. Widely considered the founder of modern macroeconomics, his ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, and its various offshoots.

John Maynard Keynes (), né le à Cambridge et mort le dans sa ferme de Tilton à Firle, est un économiste, haut fonctionnaire et essayiste britannique. Sa notoriété est mondiale. Il est le fondateur de la macroéconomie keynésienne. Le keynésianisme, la nouvelle économie keynésienne, le néokeynésianisme ou le post-keynésianisme sont issus de son œuvre. Considéré comme l'un des plus influents théoriciens de l'économie du, il fut, en tant que conseiller officiel ou officieux de nombreux hommes politiques, l'un des acteurs principaux des accords de Bretton Woods, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

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Satyajit Ray

Satyajit Ray (; 2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian film director, writer, and illustrator. He was one of the greatest filmmakers of the 20th century, celebrated for works such as "The Apu Trilogy" (1955–59), "The Music Room" (1958), "The Big City" (1963) and "Charulata" (1964). He was one of the of the leading figures of Parallel cinema. Ray was born in Calcutta into a Bengali family which was prominent in the field of arts and literature. Starting his career as a commercial artist, Ray was drawn into independent filmmaking after meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica's Italian neorealist film "Bicycle Thieves" (1948) during a visit to London.

Satyajit Ray ( en bengali ) est un réalisateur, écrivain et compositeur indien bengali, né le à Calcutta et mort dans la même ville le.

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John, King of England

Jean sans Terre

John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of ", a document sometimes considered an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.

Jean ( – ), dit sans Terre, fut roi d'Angleterre, seigneur d'Irlande et duc d'Aquitaine de 1199 à sa mort.

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Man Ray

Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all. He was best known for his photography, and he was a renowned fashion and portrait photographer. Man Ray is also noted for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" in reference to himself.

Man Ray, pseudonyme d’Emmanuel Radnitsky, est un peintre, photographe et réalisateur de cinéma américain né le à Philadelphie (États-Unis) et mort le à Paris (France).

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Georges Eekhoud

Georges Eekhoud (27 May 1854 – 29 May 1927) was a Belgian novelist of Flemish descent, but writing in French.

Georges Eekhoud, né le à Anvers et mort le à Schaerbeek, est un écrivain francophone, homosexuel et anarchiste belge. En 1899, il publia "Escal-Vigor" au Mercure de France, un des premiers romans modernes qui traite de l'homosexualité. Le livre fit scandale et il fut poursuivi. Plusieurs écrivains de renom prirent position en faveur de l'auteur. Un procès à huis clos eut lieu, qui se termina par l' de l'écrivain.

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Jean Ray (author)

Jean Ray (écrivain)

Jean Ray is the best-known pseudonym among the many used by Raymundus Joannes de Kremer (8 July 1887 – 17 September 1964), a prolific Belgian (Flemish) writer. Although he wrote journalism, stories for young readers in Dutch by the name John Flanders, and scenarios for comic strips and detective stories, he is best known for his tales of the fantastique written in French under the name Jean Ray. Among speakers of English, he is famous for his macabre novel "Malpertuis" (1943), which was filmed by Harry Kümel in 1971 (starring Orson Welles). He also used the pseudonyms King Ray, Alix R. Bantam and Sailor John, among others.

Raymond Jean Marie De Kremer est un écrivain belge bilingue, né le et mort le à Gand. Il écrit en français principalement sous le pseudonyme Jean Ray et en néerlandais souvent sous le pseudonyme John Flanders. Mais il a aussi usé de plusieurs dizaines d'autres pseudonymes et a, selon les éditions et rééditions, utilisé indifféremment l'un ou l'autre pseudo. Il est connu en français pour s'être largement consacré à la littérature fantastique, dont il est un des maîtres mais il a aussi beaucoup écrit pour la jeunesse.

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Planned community

Ville nouvelle

A planned community, planned city, or planned town is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve in a more "ad hoc" and organic fashion.

Une ville nouvelle, ville neuve ou ville planifiée est une ville, ou un ensemble de communes, qui naît généralement d’une volonté politique, et qui se construit peu à peu sur un emplacement auparavant peu ou pas habité.

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Baldassare Castiglione

Baldassare Castiglione (; December 6, 1478 – February 2, 1529), count of Casatico, was an Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance author, who is probably most famous for his authorship of "Il Cortegiano" or "The Book of the Courtier". The work was an example of a courtesy book, dealing with questions of the etiquette and morality of the courtier, and was very influential in 16th-century European court circles.

Baldassare Castiglione, aussi appelé "Baldassarre", "Baldesar" ou "Baldassar", comte de Novellata, né le à Casatico, dans le marquisat de Mantoue et mort le à Tolède, en Espagne, est un écrivain et diplomate italien de la Renaissance. Il reste connu pour avoir écrit "Le Livre du courtisan", manuel de savoir-vivre qui connut un succès important à sa parution.

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The Call of Cthulhu

L'Appel de Cthulhu

"The Call of Cthulhu" is a short story by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Written in the summer of 1926, it was first published in the pulp magazine "Weird Tales" in February 1928.

L'Appel de Cthulhu (titre original : "The Call of Cthulhu") est une nouvelle fantastique de l'écrivain américain Howard Phillips Lovecraft, publiée en février 1928 dans le magazine "Weird Tales".

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Philippe Delerm

Philippe Delerm (born November 27, 1950 in Auvers-sur-Oise, Val-d'Oise, France) is a French writer whose collection of essays "La Première gorgée de bière et autres plaisirs minuscules" sold more than one million copies in France.

Philippe Delerm, né le à Auvers-sur-Oise dans le Val-d'Oise, est un écrivain français. Depuis 1975, il réside en Normandie, à Beaumont-le-Roger (Eure), en compagnie de son épouse Martine, illustratrice de littérature jeunesse, avec laquelle il a un fils, Vincent Delerm, auteur-compositeur-interprète.

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Breakdancing

Break dance

Breaking, also called breakdancing or b-boying/b-girling, is an athletic style of street dance from the United States. While diverse in the amount of variation available in the dance, breakdancing mainly consists of four kinds of movement: toprock, downrock, power moves and freezes. Breakdancing is typically set to songs containing drum breaks, especially in hip-hop, funk, soul music and breakbeat music, although modern trends allow for much wider varieties of music along certain ranges of tempo and beat patterns.

Le breakdance, également appelé break dance, break, breaking, breakdancing, b-boying est un style de danse développé à New York dans les années 1970, caractérisé par ses mouvements de corps saccadés, son aspect acrobatique et ses figures au sol. Un danseur de breakdance est appelé "breakdancer", "Bboy" ou "b-boy" (pour un homme), "Bgirl" ou "b-girl" (pour une femme).

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East India Company

Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC), East India Trading Company (EITC), the English East India Company or the British East India Company, and informally known as John Company, Company Bahadur, or simply The Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the Mughals of India and the East Indies, and later with Qing China. The company ended up seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent (and briefly Afghanistan), colonised parts of Southeast Asia, and colonised Hong Kong after the First Opium War.

La Compagnie britannique des Indes orientales (d'abord anglaise, puis britannique sous le nom de "British East India Company", BEIC) a été créée le par une charte royale de la reine Élisabeth d'Angleterre lui conférant pour 20 ans le monopole du commerce dans l'océan Indien.

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Barry White

Barry Eugene Carter (September 12, 1944 – July 4, 2003), better known by his stage name Barry White, was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer and composer.

Barry White, de son vrai nom Barrence Eugene Carter, né le à Galveston, Texas, et mort le à Los Angeles, Californie, est un chanteur, compositeur et producteur américain de rhythm and blues et de soul des années 1970 jusqu'au début des années 2000.

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null

Kingdom (biology)

Règne (biologie)

In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called phyla.

Le règne (du latin « regnum », au pluriel « regna ») est, dans la taxonomie linnéenne (qui organise la biodiversité en fonction des caractères communs partagés), le plus haut niveau de classification des êtres vivants. Dans les classifications les plus récentes, le règne n'est plus que le deuxième niveau de classification après le domaine ou bien l'empire.

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Hanna-Barbera

Hanna-Barbera Productions

Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. ( ), also simply known as Hanna-Barbera and variously over the years as H-B Enterprises, H-B Production Co., and Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc., was an American animation, film and television production studio founded in 1957 by "Tom and Jerry" creators and former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation directors William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, in partnership with film director George Sidney.

Hanna-Barbera Productions était une société américaine produisant des dessins animés et quelques séries télévisées. C’est aujourd’hui une filiale de Warner Bros. Animation qui n’existe plus en tant que telle : seul le nom de la société est utilisé pour ses programmes originaux.

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Elsa Morante

Elsa Morante (; 18 August 191225 November 1985) was an Italian novelist, poet, translator and children's books author. Her novel "La storia" ("History") is included in the Bokklubben World Library List of 100 Best Books of All Time.

Elsa Morante, née le à Rome et morte le dans cette même ville, est une romancière, nouvelliste, poétesse et essayiste italienne.

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Poaceae

Poaceae () or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns and pasture. The latter are commonly referred to collectively as grass.

Les Poaceae, ou graminées, sont une famille de plantes monocotylédones de l'ordre des "Poales", qui comprend environ groupées en, à répartition cosmopolite. C'est, par le nombre d'espèces, la cinquième famille de plantes à fleurs, après les "Asteraceae", "Orchidaceae", "Fabaceae" et "Rubiaceae". On y trouve la plupart des espèces appelées communément « herbes » et les céréales.

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Pythia

Pythie

The Pythia (, ) was the name of the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi who also served as the oracle, also known as the Oracle of Delphi.

Dans la religion grecque antique, la Pythie (en grec ancien ), également appelée Pythonisse, est l'oracle du temple d'Apollon à Delphes. Elle tire son nom de « Python », le serpent monstrueux qui vivait dans une grotte à l'emplacement du site actuel du sanctuaire, et qui terrorisait les habitants de la région autour du mont Parnasse avant d'être tué par Apollon, ou bien de « Pytho », le nom archaïque de la ville de Delphes.

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Carnutes

The Carnutes (or Carnuti), were a powerful Gallic people in the heart of independent Gaul, dwelled in an extensive territory between the Sequana (Seine) and the Liger (Loire) rivers. Their lands were later organized as the Catholic dioceses of Chartres, Orléans and Blois, that is, the greater part of the modern departments of Eure-et-Loir, Loiret and Loir-et-Cher. The territory of the Carnutes had the reputation among Roman observers of being the political and religious center of the Gaulish nations. The chief fortified towns were "Cenabum" (mistakenly labeled "Genabum"), the modern Orléans, where a bridge crossed the Loire, and "Autricum" (or "Carnutes", thus Chartres). The great annual druidic assembly mentioned by Caesar took place in one or the other of these towns. Livy's history records the legendary tradition that the Carnutes had been one of the tribes that accompanied Bellovesus in his invasion of Italy during the reign of Tarquinius Priscus.

Les Carnutes sont un peuple de la Gaule celtique vivant sur le riche plateau de Beauce. Ils ont donné leur nom à la ville de Chartres.

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Lanthanum

Lanthane

Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. It is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals, which would put it in group 3, although lutetium is sometimes placed in this position instead. Lanthanum is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. The usual oxidation state is +3. Lanthanum has no biological role in humans but is essential to some bacteria. It is not particularly toxic to humans but does show some antimicrobial activity.

Le lanthane est un élément chimique, de symbole La et de numéro atomique 57. Le lanthane a donné son nom à la famille des lanthanides qui font partie des terres rares. Son nom dérive du mot grec « lanthanein », ce qui signifie « cacher » : le lanthane est resté longtemps caché dans l'oxyde de cérium.

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Vascular plant

Tracheophyta

Vascular plants (from Latin "vasculum": duct), also known as tracheophytes (from the equivalent Greek term "trachea"), form a large group of plants ( 308,312 accepted known species) that are defined as land plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta, Tracheobionta and Equisetopsida "sensu lato". Some early land plants (the rhyniophytes) had less developed vascular tissue; the term eutracheophyte has been used for all other vascular plants.

Les Trachéophytes (du grec "Trakheia", conduit raboteux) ou Trachéobiontes (Tracheobionta), appelées aussi plantes vasculaires associent différentes divisions : Les caractères principaux sont l'existence de racines et la présence de vaisseaux conducteurs (phloème et xylème contenant des trachéides, d'où le nom de "Tracheophyta") assurant la circulation de la sève.

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Monocotyledon

Monocotylédone

Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae "sensu" Chase & Reveal) are flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divided, the rest of the flowering plants having two cotyledons and therefore classified as dicotyledons, or dicots. However, molecular phylogenetic research has shown that while the monocots form a monophyletic group or clade (comprising all the descendants of a common ancestor), the dicotyledons do not. Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank.

Les Monocotylédones sont, écrit simplement, les plantes dont la plantule issue de la germination d'une graine, ne présente tout d'abord qu'une seule "feuille", appelée cotylédon ou parfois, préfeuille ou éophylle.

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Typha

Typha is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae. These plants have a variety of common names, in British English as bulrush or reedmace, in American English as reed, cattail, or punks, in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand as raupo. Other taxa of plants may be known as bulrush, including some sedges in "Scirpus" and related genera.

Les massettes ou Typha sont des plantes monocotylédones, également appelées quenouilles, typiques des bords des eaux calmes, des fossés, des lacs, des marais et plus généralement dans les milieux humides. Elles poussent en colonies denses. "Typha" est l'un des deux ou trois genres de la famille des Typhacées.

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Diuretic

Diurétique

A diuretic () is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way. Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of water in urine.

Un diurétique est une substance qui entraîne une augmentation de la sécrétion urinaire et qui peut être utilisée notamment pour traiter l'hypertension artérielle, l'insuffisance cardiaque, certains œdèmes, l'hypertension portale ou l'hyperkaliémie.

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Romain Rolland

Romain Rolland (; 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings".

Romain Rolland, né à Clamecy (Nièvre) le et mort à Vézelay le, est un écrivain français, lauréat du prix Nobel de littérature de 1915.

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Kali

Kali (,, ), also known as'() or'(), is a Hindu goddess. Kali is the chief of the Mahavidyas, a group of ten Tantric goddesses.

Kali (en sanskrit ou ) est, dans l'hindouisme, la déesse de la préservation, de la transformation et de la destruction. C'est une forme terrifiante de Pārvatī représentant le pouvoir destructeur du temps. Son nom dérive du mot "kāla", le "temps" en sanskrit, celui qui détruit toute chose. Celui qui la vénère est libéré de la peur de la destruction. Elle détruit le mal sous toutes ses formes et notamment les branches de l'ignorance (avidyā), comme la jalousie ou la passion.

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Miguasha National Park

Parc national de Miguasha

Miguasha National Park (French: "Parc national de Miguasha") is a protected area near Carleton-sur-Mer on the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec in Canada. Created in 1985 by the Government of Quebec, Miguasha was designated a World Heritage Site in 1999 in recognition of its wealth of fossils, which display a crucial time during the evolution of life on Earth. Other names for this site are the Miguasha Fossil Site, the Bay of Escuminac Fossil Site, the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation, and the Hugh-Miller Cliffs. It is also sometimes referred to on fossil specimens as 'Scaumenac Bay' or 'Scaumenac Bay P.Q.'

Le parc national de Miguasha est un parc de protection d'un site fossilifère du Québec au Canada. Le premier fossile été découvert en 1842. Depuis 1880, des milliers de spécimens ont été récoltés dans la falaise de Miguasha.

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Indulgence

Indulgence (catholicisme)

In the teaching of the Catholic Church, an indulgence (, from "indulgeō", 'permit') is "a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins". The "Catechism of the Catholic Church" describes an indulgence as "a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven, which the faithful Christian who is duly disposed gains under certain prescribed conditions through the action of the Church which, as the minister of redemption, dispenses and applies with authority the treasury of the satisfactions of Christ and all of the saints".

Dans l'Église catholique romaine, l’indulgence (du latin "indulgere", « accorder ») est la rémission totale ou partielle devant Dieu de la peine temporelle parfois nommée "pénitence" encourue en raison d'un péché déjà pardonné.

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Terrorism

Terrorisme

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentional violence for political or religious purposes. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but gained mainstream popularity in the 1970s during the conflicts of Northern Ireland, the Basque Country and Palestine. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the September 11 attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. in 2001.

Le terrorisme est l'emploi de la à des fins idéologiques, politiques ou religieuses. Les multiples définitions (Alex Schmidt et Berto Jongman en 1988 en listent 109 différentes) varient sur : l'usage de la violence (certaines comprennent des groupes n'utilisant pas la violence mais ayant un discours radical), les techniques utilisées, la nature du sujet (mettant à part le terrorisme d'État), l'usage de la peur, le niveau d'organisation, l'idéologie, etc. Dans nombre de définitions intervient aussi le critère de la victime du terrorisme (civile, désarmée, innocente, attaque contre un État démocratique qui aurait permis au terroriste de s'exprimer légalement).

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null

Flowering plant

Angiosperme

The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae, or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants. They are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, "angiosperm" means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure; in other words, a fruiting plant. The term comes from the Greek words ("case" or "casing") and ("seed").

Les Angiospermes (Angiospermae Lindl., 1830), ou Magnoliophytes (Magnoliophyta), sont une division de plantes vasculaires du groupe des Spermatophytes (les plantes à graines). Ces végétaux, qui portent des fleurs puis des fruits, sont couramment appelés plantes à fleurs. Angiosperme signifie « graine dans un récipient » en grec par opposition aux gymnospermes (graine nue). Elles représentent la plus grande partie des espèces végétales terrestres (90 % à 96 % de la biodiversité végétale en dehors des océans), avec répertoriées en 2015, sachant que près de espèces sont découvertes par an. Les Angiospermes comprennent les Dicotylédones et les Monocotylédones.

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Bruce Lee

Lee Jun-fan (; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973), known professionally as Bruce Lee (), was a Hong Kong American martial artist, martial arts instructor, actor, director, and philosopher. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy drawing from different combat disciplines that is often credited with paving the way for modern mixed martial arts (MMA). Lee is considered by commentators, critics, media, and other martial artists to be the most influential martial artist of all time and a pop culture icon of the 20th century, who bridged the gap between East and West. He is credited with helping to change the way Asians were presented in American films.

Bruce Lee, nom de scène de Lee Jun-fan (李振藩), né dans le quartier de Chinatown à San Francisco aux États-Unis le et mort d'un œdème cérébral à Hong Kong le, est un artiste martial, réalisateur, acteur, producteur (Concord Production Inc.), scénariste sino-américain.

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Blade Runner

Blade Runner (film)

Blade Runner is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young and Edward James Olmos, it is loosely based on Philip K. Dick's novel "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" (1968). The film is set in a dystopian future Los Angeles of 2019, in which synthetic humans known as replicants are bio-engineered by the powerful Tyrell Corporation to work at space colonies. When a fugitive group of advanced replicants led by Roy Batty (Hauer) escapes back to Earth, burnt-out cop Rick Deckard (Ford) reluctantly agrees to hunt them down.

L'action du film se situe à Los Angeles en 2019 et met en scène Rick Deckard (interprété par Harrison Ford), un ancien policier qui reprend du service pour traquer un groupe de "réplicants", des androïdes créés à l'image de l'Homme, menés par l'énigmatique Roy Batty (interprété par Rutger Hauer).

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Jacobus Arminius

Jacobus Arminius (October 10, 1560 – October 19, 1609), the Latinized name of Jakob Hermanszoon, was a Dutch theologian from the Protestant Reformation period whose views became the basis of Arminianism and the Dutch Remonstrant movement. He served from 1603 as professor in theology at the University of Leiden and wrote many books and treatises on theology.

Jacobus Arminius ( - ), nom latinisé de Jakob Hermanszoon, était un théologien hollandais de la période de la réforme protestante dont les conceptions ont été à la base de l'arminianisme et du mouvement des remontrants hollandais. Il a été professeur de théologie à l'université de Leyde à partir de 1603 et a écrit de nombreux ouvrages et traités de théologie.

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Vajrayana

Bouddhisme vajrayāna

Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tibetan Buddhism,Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are terms referring to the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet, Bhutan, and East Asia. In Tibet, Buddhist Tantra is termed "Vajrayāna", while in China it is generally known as Tángmì Hanmi 漢密 (唐密, "Chinese Esotericism") or "Mìzōng "(密宗, "Esoteric Sect"), in Pali it is known as "Pyitsayãna " (ပစ္စယာန), and in Japan it is known as Mikkyō (密教, "secret teachings").

Le vajrayāna () est une forme de bouddhisme d'origine indienne, nommée aussi bouddhisme tantrique, dont certains principes suivent le bouddhisme mahāyāna. Il contient des éléments semblables à l'hindouisme et en particulier au shivaïsme cachemirien. Au Tibet, le vajrayāna et le bön, religion locale, se sont eux aussi influencés réciproquement.

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Hydrocharitaceae

Hydrocharitaceae is a flowering plant family including 16 known genera with a total of ca 135 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ), that including a number of species of aquatic plant, for instance the tape-grasses, the well known Canadian waterweed and frogbit "Hydrocharis morsus-ranae".

La famille des Hydrocharitacées ou Hydrocharidacées (du grec « "hydro" » eau, et du grec « "charis" » grâce, beauté), comprend une centaine d'espèces réparties en une vingtaine de genres. Parfois stolonifères, elles possèdent un rhizome monopodial rampant aux feuilles disposées sur 2 rangées verticales, ou un rameau principal érigé avec des racines basales et feuillé.

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Theravada

Theravāda

Theravāda (; Pāli, lit. "School of the Elders") is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school's adherents, termed Theravādins, have preserved their version of Gautama Buddha's teaching in the Pāli Canon. The Pāli Canon is the only complete Buddhist canon surviving in a classical Indian language, Pāli, which serves as the school's sacred language and lingua franca. For over a millennium, theravādins have endeavored to preserve the "dhamma" as recorded in their school's texts. In contrast to Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna, Theravāda tends to be conservative in matters of doctrine and monastic discipline.

Le theravāda est une branche ancienne du bouddhisme hīnayāna issue de l'école Sthaviravāda. Relativement conservatrice, elle est aussi plus proche du bouddhisme primitif que les autres traditions bouddhiques existantes. La "Doctrine des Anciens" s'appuie sur un canon rédigé en pāli, nommé Tipiṭaka, comprenant de nombreux textes basés sur les paroles du Bouddha Śākyamūni, recueillies par ses contemporains et retranscrites quelques siècles plus tard.

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Cerium

Cérium

Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol Ce and atomic number 58. Cerium is a soft, ductile and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air, and it is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series, and while it often shows the +3 oxidation state characteristic of the series, it also exceptionally has a stable +4 state that does not oxidize water. It is also considered one of the rare-earth elements. Cerium has no biological role in humans and is not very toxic.

Le cérium est un élément chimique, de symbole Ce et de numéro atomique 58. Il fait partie de la famille des lanthanides.

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Avalokiteśvara

Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani ( ; ) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas. This bodhisattva is variably depicted, described and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female. In Tibet, he is known as Chenrezig, and in Cambodia as Avloketesvar. In Chinese Buddhism, Avalokiteśvara has evolved into the somewhat different female figure Guanyin, also known in Japan as Kanzeon or Kannon. In Nepal Mandal this figure is known as Jana Baha Dyah, Karunamaya, Seto Machindranath.

Le bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara (hindi : अवलोकितेश्वर, "Avalokiteśvara" « seigneur qui observe depuis le haut », chinois : 觀世音, "Guānshìyīn" ou 觀音, "Guānyīn" ("Guanyin"), shanghaïen : "Kueu" ("sy") "in", coréen : 관세음, "Gwanseeum", japonais : 観音, "Kan'non", tibétain : "Chenrezig", vietnamien : "Quán Thế Âm", indonésien : "Kwan Im", khmer : លោកេស្វរ, "Lokesvara"), est sans doute le grand bodhisattva le plus vénéré et le plus populaire parmi les bouddhistes du Grand véhicule. Il est aussi utilisé comme yidam (déité tutélaire) dans les méditations tantriques.

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Bodhisattva

In Buddhism, a bodhisattva ( ) is any person who is on the path towards Buddhahood. In the Early Buddhist schools as well as modern Theravada Buddhism, a bodhisattva (Pali: "bodhisatta") refers to anyone who has made a resolution to become a Buddha and has also received a confirmation or prediction from a living Buddha that this will be so.

Bodhisattva (devanāgarī : बोधिसत्त्व ; pâli : bodhisatta ; chinois traditionnel : 菩薩 et simplifié : 菩萨 (púsà) ; japonais : 菩薩 (bosatsu) ; thaï : พระโพธิสัตว์ ; coréen : 보살 (bosal) ; tibétain : changchub sempa'; vietnamien: Bồ Tát ; "sattva" être, "bodhi" éveil, vocabulaire du bouddhisme) est un terme sanskrit qui désigne dans le bouddhisme hinayana un bouddha avant que celui-ci ait atteint l'éveil. Dans le bouddhisme mahayana, il désigne celui qui a formé le vœu de suivre le chemin indiqué par le Bouddha Shakyamuni, a pris le refuge auprès des trois joyaux (Bouddha, Dharma et Sangha) et respecte strictement les disciplines destinées aux Bodhisattvas, pour aider d'abord les autres êtres sensibles à s'éveiller tout en progressant lui-même vers son propre éveil définitif, qui est celui d'un bouddha.

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Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (; 22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolist artistic and literary community Abbaye de Créteil between 1907 and 1908. Marinetti is best known as the author of the first "Futurist Manifesto", which was written and published in 1909.

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (né le à Alexandrie, Égypte, et mort le à Bellagio) est un écrivain italien, qui fut le fondateur du mouvement futuriste au début du.

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Alberto Moravia

Alberto Moravia (, ; born Alberto Pincherle ; November 28, 1907 – September 26, 1990) was an Italian novelist and journalist. His novels explored matters of modern sexuality, social alienation and existentialism. Moravia is best known for his debut novel "Gli indifferenti" (1929) and for the anti-fascist novel "Il Conformista" ("The Conformist"), the basis for the film "The Conformist" (1970) directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Other novels of his adapted for the cinema are "Agostino", filmed with the same title by Mauro Bolognini in 1962; "Il disprezzo" ("A Ghost at Noon" or "Contempt"), filmed by Jean-Luc Godard as "Le Mépris" ("Contempt" 1963); "La Noia" ("Boredom"), filmed with that title by Damiano Damiani in 1963 and released in the US as "The Empty Canvas" in 1964 and "La ciociara", filmed by Vittorio De Sica as "Two Women" (1960). Cédric Kahn's "L'Ennui" (1998) is another version of "La Noia".

Alberto Moravia, nom de plume d'Alberto Pincherle, est un écrivain italien du, né à Rome le et mort le dans la même ville.

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Praseodymium

Praséodyme

Praseodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Pr and atomic number 59. It is the third member of the lanthanide series and is traditionally considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. It is too reactive to be found in native form, and pure praseodymium metal slowly develops a green oxide coating when exposed to air.

Le praséodyme est un élément chimique, de symbole Pr et de numéro atomique 59. Le praséodyme est un métal, couleur gris argent, du groupe des terres rares. Il fait partie de la famille des lanthanides. À température ambiante, il est ductile, malléable et s'oxyde lentement à l'air. On le conserve dans de l'huile minérale, car il réagit fortement avec l'eau.

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Neodymium

Néodyme

Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. Neodymium belongs to the lanthanide series and is a rare-earth element. It is a hard, slightly malleable silvery metal that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture. When oxidized, neodymium reacts quickly to produce pink, purple/blue and yellow compounds in the +2, +3 and +4 oxidation states. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a rare-earth element, it is fairly common, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, or copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. Most of the world's commercial neodymium is mined in China.

Le néodyme est un élément chimique, de symbole Nd et de numéro atomique 60. C'est un métal gris argent du groupe des terres rares. Il fait partie de la famille des lanthanides. À température ambiante, il est ductile, malléable et s'oxyde rapidement à l'air.

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Hinayana

Bouddhisme hīnayāna

"Hīnayāna" () is a Sanskrit term literally meaning the "small/deficient vehicle". Classical Chinese and Tibetan teachers translate it as "smaller vehicle". The term was applied to the "Śrāvakayāna", the Buddhist path followed by a śrāvaka who wished to become an arhat. This term appeared around the first or second century. Hīnayāna was often contrasted with "Mahāyāna", which means the "great vehicle".

Hīnayāna, expression sanskrite traduite par « petit véhicule », est couramment employé pour désigner les écoles anciennes du bouddhisme ("nikâya"). Le bouddhisme theravāda, souvent confondu avec le terme "hīnayāna", ne correspond qu'à.

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Promethium

Prométhium

Promethium is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is extremely rare, with only about 500–600 grams naturally occurring in Earth's crust at any given time. Promethium is one of only two radioactive elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, the other being technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide. Promethium shows only one stable oxidation state of +3.

Le prométhium (anciennement prométhéum puis "promethium") est un élément chimique, de symbole Pm et de numéro atomique 61. Avec le technétium, il est l'un des deux seuls éléments plus légers que le bismuth à n'avoir aucun isotope stable. Ce lanthanide est présent dans le milieu naturel à l'état de traces comme produit de fission spontanée de l'uranium 238 et de désintégration α de l'europium 151 : ces deux sources entretiendraient une masse totale de prométhium naturel sur Terre de et respectivement. Il est notamment présent dans le minerai d'uranium à hauteur de pour 10 tonnes de pechblende. On l'a identifié également parmi les raies spectrales de l'étoile HR 465 de la constellation d'Andromède, et peut-être aussi dans celles de l'étoile de Przybylski (HD 101065) et de l'étoile HD 965.

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Évry, Essonne

Évry

Évry () is a former commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, prefecture of the department of Essonne. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Évry-Courcouronnes.

Évry ( ; ) est une ancienne commune française située à vingt-six kilomètres au sud-est de Paris. Du village agricole en bord de Seine parsemé de châteaux qu’il était jusqu’au sortir des années 1950, fut créée en trente ans une ville nouvelle de cinquante mille habitants, une préfecture, un évêché, un pôle économique, éducatif et de recherche, conjuguant les atouts de plus de deux mille entreprises et administrations et les faiblesses d’une banlieue trop rapidement urbanisée, aujourd’hui symbole d’insécurité, d’où émerge pourtant une diversité culturelle, cultuelle et urbanistique où se mêlent barres HLM et meulières Art nouveau, rap français et scène nationale, presbytère du et unique cathédrale française du. Évry, qui a perdu son statut de ville nouvelle en 2001, est aujourd’hui en quête de renouvellement urbain, pour valoriser ses qualités environnementales, économiques, scientifiques, sportives et sortir de son statut de « cité sensible », en s’appuyant notamment sur les quatre dixièmes d’Évryens âgés de moins de vingt-cinq ans.

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Orchidaceae

The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family.

Les Orchidées ou Orchidacées (Orchidaceae), latin orchis, du grec ancien, órkhis (« testicule »), forment une grande famille de plantes monocotylédones. C'est une des familles les plus diversifiées, comptant plus de, réparties en.

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Baul

Bâul

The Baul or Bauls () are a group of mystic minstrels of mixed elements of Sufism and Vaishnavism from Bengal region, comprising Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Barak Valley. Bauls constitute both a syncretic religious sect and a musical tradition. Bauls are a very heterogeneous group, with many sects, but their membership mainly consists of Vaishnava Hindus and Sufi Muslims. They can often be identified by their distinctive clothes and musical instruments. Lalon Shah is regarded as the most celebrated Baul saint in history.

Les Bāuls (ou "fous" en bengalī) sont des groupes de musiciens itinérants qui parcourent le Bengale, autrefois en bateau ("bāulea"), maintenant souvent en train, en chantant des chants religieux, et en mendiant pour assurer leur subsistance. En hindī, on les appelle "bardāī", mot probablement de la même origine que notre "barde".

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Death metal

Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as palm muting and tremolo picking, deep growling vocals, aggressive, powerful drumming featuring double kick and blast beat techniques, minor keys or atonality, abrupt tempo, key, and time signature changes, and chromatic chord progressions. The lyrical themes of death metal may include slasher film-style violence, political conflict, religion, nature, philosophy, and science fiction.

Le death metal est un sous-genre musical extrême du heavy metal. Il emploie généralement des guitares très distordues, des "", des growling profonds, des, les gammes mineures et des structures complexes avec de multiples changements de tempo.

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Leopard

Léopard

The leopard ("Panthera pardus") is one of the five extant species in the genus "Panthera", a member of the Felidae. It occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa, in small parts of Western and Central Asia, on the Indian subcontinent to Southeast and East Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because leopard populations are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and are declining in large parts of the global range. In Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuwait, Syria, Libya, Tunisia and most likely in Morocco, leopard populations have already been extirpated. Contemporary records suggest that the leopard occurs in only 25% of its historical global range.

Le Léopard ou Panthère (Panthera pardus) est une espèce de félins de la sous-famille des panthérinés. Ce félin présente un pelage fauve tacheté de rosettes ; une forme mélanique existe également. Excellent grimpeur et sauteur, le léopard a la particularité de hisser ses proies à la fourche d'un arbre pour les mettre hors de portée des autres prédateurs.

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War

Guerre

War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties.

La guerre se définit comme un état de conflit armé entre plusieurs groupes politiques constitués, comme des États. Par opposition aux guerres entre États, une guerre peut aussi désigner un conflit armé entre deux factions de populations opposées à l'intérieur d'un même État : on parle alors de guerre civile, de guerre ethnique, de guerre révolutionnaire ou encore de guerre de sécession.

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Mons

Mons (; ; ; ; ) is a Walloon city and municipality, and the capital of the Belgian province of Hainaut. The Mons municipality includes the former communes of Cuesmes, Flénu, Ghlin, Hyon, Nimy, Obourg, Jemappes, Ciply, Harmignies, Harveng, Havré, Maisières, Mesvin, Nouvelles, Saint-Denis, Saint-Symphorien, Spiennes and Villers-Saint-Ghislain.

Mons (, en picard "Mont", en néerlandais et allemand "Bergen") est une ville francophone de Belgique située en région wallonne. Ancienne capitale des comtes de Hainaut, chef-lieu de la province de Hainaut, ville principale de l’arrondissement de Mons, elle est le siège d’une des cinq cours d’appel du pays. La population montoise est de en 2018 et son agglomération contient.

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Pali

Pali () or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the "Pāli Canon" or "Tipiṭaka" and is the sacred language of "Theravāda" Buddhism. The earliest archaeological evidence of the existence of canonical Pali comes from Pyu city-states inscriptions found in Burma dated to the mid-5th to mid-6th centuries CE.

Le pali, ou pāli, est une langue indo-européenne de la famille indo-aryenne parlée autrefois en Inde. Les premiers textes bouddhiques, tipitaka, sont conservés dans cette langue, qui est utilisée encore aujourd'hui comme langue liturgique dans le bouddhisme theravada.

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Experimental psychology

Psychologie expérimentale

Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the processes that underlie it. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation & perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural substrates of all of these.

La psychologie expérimentale est le champ de la psychologie basé sur la méthode scientifique expérimentale. Elle a pour objet l'étude des comportements directement observables. Les psychologues expérimentaux usent de diverses méthodes : descriptives (comme les observations systématiques, les observations des corrélations, les relations entre variables, les études "ex-post-facto"...) ou encore la méthode expérimentale pure.

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Saint-Omer

Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais)

Saint-Omer (; ) is a commune in France. It is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area.

Saint-Omer est une commune française, sous-préfecture du département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. Avec une population de en, elle est la du Pas-de-Calais. Elle est également la ville la plus peuplée de son aire urbaine qui compte en 2015,

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Xuanzang

Xuanzang (; fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator who traveled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.

Xuanzang () (v. 602 – 664), moine bouddhiste chinois, est l'un des quatre plus grands traducteurs des soutras bouddhiques de l'histoire de la Chine. Il a créé avec son disciple Huili (, parfois traduit en Kui Ji) en Chine l'école de la conscience seule (sk. vijñānavāda ou yogācāra, ch. "wéishí" ). Son propre récit "Rapport du voyage en Occident à l'époque des Grands Tang" d'une exceptionnelle richesse d'information sur les mondes chinois et indien à l'époque des Tang et de Harsha, fit l'objet de très nombreuses reprises ultérieures. En raison du célèbre roman classique "La Pérégrination vers l'Ouest" (ch. ), adapté plusieurs fois au théâtre et sur l'écran, il devient l'un des personnages historiques les plus connus de tous les Chinois. Il y est connu sous le nom de Sanzang (), traduction chinoise de Tripitaka : « trois corbeilles », qui désigne le canon bouddhique et, par extension, les moines qui en ont la maîtrise.

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Historical Jesus

Jésus de Nazareth

Historical Jesus is the reconstruction of the life and teachings of Jesus by critical historical methods, in contrast to Christological definitions (the Christ of Christianity) and other Christian accounts of Jesus (the Christ of faith). It also considers the historical and cultural contexts in which Jesus lived.

Jésus de Nazareth est un Juif de Galilée, né entre l'an 7 et l'an 5 av. J.-C.. Il apparaît dans le cercle de Jean le Baptiste avant de s'engager, entouré de quelques disciples, dans une courte carrière de prédication itinérante de deux à trois ans, essentiellement en Galilée, en pratiquant guérisons et exorcismes. Il suscite engouement et ferveur, s'attirant la méfiance des autorités politiques et religieuses, avant d'être arrêté, condamné et crucifié vers l'an 30 à Jérusalem pendant la fête juive de la Pâque, sous l'administration du préfet Ponce Pilate.

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Rosa canina

Rosa canina, commonly known as the dog rose, is a variable climbing, wild rose species native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia.

Le Rosier des chiens, Rosier des haies ou Églantier des chiens (Rosa canina L.), est une espèce d'arbrisseaux épineux de la famille des rosacées, très commun dans les régions tempérées de l'Ancien Monde. On le trouve dans les haies et les bois surtout en plaine. C'est une espèce de rosier botanique présentant de nombreux écotypes, toujours à fleurs simples. Il est utilisé comme porte-greffe pour des variétés de roses améliorées. Certains de ses hybrides sont des rosiers cultivés.

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Guînes

Guînes (Dutch:Wijnen) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department south of Calais in northern France. Historically it was spelt Guisnes.

Guînes ("Giezene" en flamand) est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. Ses habitants sont appelés les "Guinois".

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Typography

Typographie

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing (leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), and adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning). The term "typography" is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as a decorative device, unrelated to communication of information.

La typographie (souvent abrégée en « typo ») désigne les différents procédés de composition et d’impression utilisant des caractères et des formes en relief, ainsi que l’art d’utiliser les différents types de caractères dans un but esthétique et pratique.

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Theobroma cacao

Cacaoyer

Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of Mesoamerica. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. The largest producer of cocoa beans in 2018 was Ivory Coast, with 37% of the world total.

Aussi appelé cacao ou cacaotier, le cacaoyer ("Theobroma cacao") est un petit arbre à feuilles persistantes du genre "Theobroma" de la famille des Sterculiacées, selon la classification classique, ou des Malvacées, selon la classification phylogénétique. Il produit des fèves comestibles aux saveurs différentes suivant les variétés de cacaoyer, à partir desquelles est fabriqué le cacao, le produit de base du chocolat.

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null

Samarium

Samarium is a chemical element with the symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Compounds of samarium(II) are also known, most notably the monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe, as well as samarium(II) iodide. The last compound is a common reducing agent in chemical synthesis. Samarium has no significant biological role but is only slightly toxic.

Le samarium est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 62, de symbole Sm. Il appartient au groupe des lanthanides (inclus dans les terres rares). Le corps simple samarium est un métal.

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null

Gadolinium

Gadolinium is a chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. It is only slightly malleable and is a ductile rare-earth element. Gadolinium reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture slowly to form a black coating. Gadolinium below its Curie point of is ferromagnetic, with an attraction to a magnetic field higher than that of nickel. Above this temperature it is the most paramagnetic element. It is found in nature only in an oxidized form. When separated, it usually has impurities of the other rare-earths because of their similar chemical properties.

Le gadolinium est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 64, de symbole Gd. Il fait partie du groupe des lanthanides. Le gadolinium doit son nom à Johan Gadolin, chimiste finlandais.

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Thérouanne

Thérouanne (Dutch: "Terwaan"; French Flemish "Terenburg") is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is located west of Aire-sur-la-Lys and south of Saint-Omer, on the D 157 and D 341 road junction. Located on the river Lys.

Thérouanne (en picard "Therwane", en néerlandais "Terwaan" ou "Terenburg") est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France.

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Bapaume

Bapaume is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Bapalmois" or "Bapalmoises".

Bapaume est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. Sur le plan administratif, elle fait partie de l'arrondissement d'Arras ; et sur le plan électoral, elle est bureau centralisateur de son canton.

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Printing

Imprimerie

Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing, which appeared in China before 220 AD. Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by Bi Sheng around 1040 AD and the printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. The technology of printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance and the scientific revolution, and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.

L'imprimerie est un ensemble de techniques permettant la reproduction en grande quantité, sur support matériel, d'écrits et d'illustrations, cela afin d'en permettre une distribution de masse. Généralement, on utilise des supports plans et la matière la plus utilisée est le papier ou le textile.

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Luigi Pirandello

Luigi Pirandello (; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet, and short story writer whose greatest contributions were his plays. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for "his almost magical power to turn psychological analysis into good theatre." Pirandello's works include novels, hundreds of short stories, and about 40 plays, some of which are written in Sicilian. Pirandello's tragic farces are often seen as forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.

Luigi Pirandello est un écrivain italien, poète, nouvelliste, romancier et dramaturge, né le à Agrigente en Sicile au lieu-dit « Caos », entre Agrigente et Porto Empedocle, durant une épidémie de choléra, et mort à Rome le. Son œuvre a été récompensée du prix Nobel de littérature en 1934.

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null

Alismatales

The Alismatales (alismatids) are an order of flowering plants including about 4500 species. Plants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic. Some grow in fresh water, some in marine habitats.

Les Alismatales forment un ordre de plantes monocotylédones, souvent aquatiques ou des lieux humides. Certaines de ces espèces sont considérées comme espèces-ingénieur dans les zones humides.

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null

Iridaceae

Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It includes a number of other well known cultivated plants, such as freesias, gladioli and crocuses.

La famille des Iridaceae (Iridacées) est constituée de plantes monocotylédones. La circonscription est discutée : elle comprend environ espèces réparties en 67-92 genres répartis en quelques sous-familles.

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Synergy

Synergie

Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts. The term "synergy" comes from the Attic Greek word συνεργία'from ',, meaning "working together".

La synergie est un type de phénomène par lequel plusieurs facteurs agissant en commun ensemble créent un effet global ; un effet "synergique" distinct de tout ce qui aurait pu se produire s'ils avaient opéré isolément, que ce soit chacun de son côté ou tous réunis mais œuvrant indépendamment. Il y a donc l'idée d'une coopération créative.

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null

Liliaceae

The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 254 (or 15) genera and about 4075 (or 610) known species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair amount of morphological diversity despite genetic similarity. Common characteristics include large flowers with parts arranged in threes: with six colored or patterned petaloid tepals (undifferentiated petals and sepals) arranged in two whorls, six stamens and a superior ovary. The leaves are linear in shape, with their veins usually arranged parallel to the edges, single and arranged alternating on the stem, or in a rosette at the base. Most species are grown from bulbs, although some have rhizomes. First described in 1789, the lily family became a paraphyletic "catch-all" (wastebasket) group of petaloid monocots that did not fit into other families and included a great number of genera now included in other families and in some cases in other orders. Consequently, many sources and descriptions labelled "Liliaceae" deal with the broader sense of the family.

La Femme du boulanger est un film français réalisé par Marcel Pagnol, sorti en 1938, adaptation d'un épisode du roman "Jean le Bleu" de Jean Giono.

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The Baker's Wife (film)

La Femme du boulanger

The Baker's Wife () is a 1938 French drama film directed by Marcel Pagnol. It is based on the novel "Blue Boy" by French author Jean Giono and became the basis of the American musical "The Baker's Wife".

Les Liliacées (Liliaceae Juss.) sont une famille de plantes à fleurs monocotylédones, généralement à bulbes. C'est l'une des plus importantes familles selon la classification de Cronquist (1981). Elle comprend des plantes bien connues comme le lys (ou lis), le muguet de mai, la jacinthe véritable, la tulipe, et le narcisse.

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Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. The population of the town itself is 5,368, the population of the canton is 14,939.

Saint-Pol-sur-Ternoise est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. La commune est le siège de la communauté de communes du Ternois. Ce fut une ville de l'ancienne province d'Artois.

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Heartbeat (1938 film)

Le Schpountz (film, 1938)

Heartbeat (French: Le schpountz) is a 1938 French comedy film directed by Marcel Pagnol and starring Fernandel, Orane Demazis and Fernand Charpin. It was remade in 1999 as "Le schpountz", directed by Gérard Oury.

Le Schpountz est un film français réalisé par Marcel Pagnol, sorti en 1938. Le film, bien que totalement original, tourné en 1937 en parallèle avec un autre film de Pagnol, "Regain", se base sur une anecdote réelle survenue lors du tournage d'un précédent film, "Angèle", tourné en 1934.

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Zingiberales

The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morphologically diverse order that has been widely recognised as such over a long period of time. They are usually large herbaceous plants with rhizomatous root systems and lacking an aerial stem except when flowering. Flowers are usually large and showy, and the stamens are often modified (staminodes) to also form colourful petal-like structures that attract pollinators.

L'ordre des Zingiberales regroupe des plantes monocotylédones. En, en et en cet ordre comprend les huit mêmes familles :

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Macromolecule

Macromolécule

A macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as protein, commonly composed of the polymerization of smaller subunits called monomers. They are typically composed of thousands of atoms or more. A substance that is composed of macromolecules is called a polymer. The most common macromolecules in biochemistry are biopolymers (nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and large non-polymeric molecules (such as lipids and macrocycles), synthetic fibers as well as experimental materials such as carbon nanotubes.

Une macromolécule (ou molécule polymère) est une très grande molécule, qui possède une masse moléculaire relativement élevée. La notion de macromolécule a été introduite en 1922 par le chimiste allemand Hermann Staudinger. Une macromolécule formée d'unités chimiques similaires assemblées par des liaisons covalentes peut être décrite comme une molécule polymère, un ensemble de telles molécules est un polymère. De nombreuses protéines peuvent également être considérées comme des macromolécules.

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Cross-link

Réticulation

In chemistry and biology a cross-link is a bond that links one polymer chain to another. These links may take the form of covalent bonds or ionic bonds and the polymers can be either synthetic polymers or natural polymers (such as proteins).

En chimie des polymères, la réticulation correspond à la formation d'un ou de plusieurs réseaux tridimensionnels, par voie chimique ou physique. Des liaisons chimiques (appelées ponts) entre les chaînes macromoléculaires sont créées. Les structures réticulées sont généralement préparées à partir de pré-polymères linéaires ou ramifiés de faible masse molaire (issus d'une polymérisation partielle), réticulés sous l'action de la chaleur en présence d'un catalyseur/durcisseur (agent réticulant).

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Rechargeable battery

Accumulateur électrique

A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell, (or archaically accumulator) is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use. It is composed of one or more electrochemical cells. The term "accumulator" is used as it accumulates and stores energy through a reversible electrochemical reaction. Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different shapes and sizes, ranging from button cells to megawatt systems connected to stabilize an electrical distribution network. Several different combinations of electrode materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid, zinc-air, nickel–cadmium (NiCd), nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), and lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer).

Un accumulateur électrique est un système destiné au stockage de l'énergie électrique sous une forme différente. Il repose pour cela sur une technique de conversion réversible d'énergie. Tous les processus de conversion d'énergie sont complexes et entraînent des pertes.

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Chaos theory

Théorie du chaos

Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics focusing on the study of chaos—states of dynamical systems whose apparently-random states of disorder and irregularities are often governed by deterministic laws that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary theory stating that, within the apparent randomness of chaotic complex systems, there are underlying patterns, interconnectedness, constant feedback loops, repetition, self-similarity, fractals, and self-organization. The butterfly effect, an underlying principle of chaos, describes how a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state (meaning that there is sensitive dependence on initial conditions). A metaphor for this behavior is that a butterfly flapping its wings in China can cause a hurricane in Texas.

En mathématiques, la théorie du chaos étudie le comportement des systèmes dynamiques très sensibles aux conditions initiales, un phénomène généralement illustré par l'effet papillon. Pour de tels systèmes des différences infimes dans les conditions initiales entraînent des résultats totalement différents, rendant en général toute prédiction impossible à long terme. Cela concerne même les systèmes purement déterministes (ceux dont le comportement futur est entièrement déterminé par les conditions initiales, sans aucune intervention du hasard) : leur nature déterministe ne les rend pas prévisibles car on ne peut pas connaître les conditions initiales avec une précision infinie. Ce comportement paradoxal est connu sous le nom de chaos déterministe, ou tout simplement de chaos.

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null

Adhesive

Adhésif

Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.

Un adhésif est un matériau qui permet de faire adhérer entre eux des objets. Selon la nature des objets à assembler (notamment son aspect de surface : rugosité, porosité), on utilise différents types d'adhésifs, dont la structure chimique va ou non réagir avec la surface des pièces assemblées.

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Terbium

Terbium is a chemical element with the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime, and euxenite.

Le terbium est un élément chimique, de symbole Tb et de numéro atomique 65. C'est un métal gris argenté de la famille des lanthanides appartenant au groupe des terres rares.

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Les Maîtres du temps

Les Maîtres du temps (lit. "The Masters of Time", a.k.a. "Time Masters", "Az idő urai" in Hungarian) is a 1982 Franco-Hungarian animated science fiction feature film directed by René Laloux and designed by Mœbius. It is based on the 1958 science fiction novel "L'Orphelin de Perdide" ("The Orphan of Perdide") by Stefan Wul.

Les Maîtres du temps est un film d'animation réalisé par René Laloux sur des dessins de Mœbius, sorti en 1982 et inspiré du roman de science-fiction "L'Orphelin de Perdide" de Stefan Wul.

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