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Symbolism (arts) | Symbolisme (art) | Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French, Russian and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts. In literature, the style originates with the 1857 publication of Charles Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du mal". The works of Edgar Allan Poe, which Baudelaire admired greatly and translated into French, were a significant influence and the source of many stock tropes and images. The aesthetic was developed by Stéphane Mallarmé and Paul Verlaine during the 1860s and 1870s. In the 1880s, the aesthetic was articulated by a series of manifestos and attracted a generation of writers. The term "symbolist" was first applied by the critic Jean Moréas, who invented the term to distinguish the Symbolists from the related Decadents of literature and of art. | Le symbolisme est un mouvement littéraire et artistique apparu en France, en Belgique et en Russie à la fin du, en réaction au naturalisme et au mouvement parnassien. | [
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My Neighbor Totoro | Mon voisin Totoro | In 1989, Streamline Pictures produced an exclusive dub for use on transpacific flights by Japan Airlines. Troma Films, under their 50th St. Films banner, distributed the dub of the film co-produced by Jerry Beck. This dub was released to United States theaters in 1993, on VHS and laserdisc in the United States by Fox Video in 1994, and on DVD in 2002. The rights to this dub expired in 2004, so it was re-released by Walt Disney Home Entertainment on March 7, 2006 with a new dub cast. This version was also released in Australia by Madman on March 15, 2006 and in the UK by Optimum Releasing on March 27, 2006. This DVD release is the first version of the film in the United States to include both Japanese and English language tracks. | Il est récompensé la même année par le prix Noburō Ōfuji et le Prix Mainichi du meilleur film. Ce film a été diffusé pour la première fois en France lors du "Festival du cinéma pour enfant de Corbeil-Essonnes" en 1992. Il fut ensuite publié en VHS (TF1 Vidéo) en juillet 1999 quelques mois avant de sortir en salles dans toute la France au cinéma le, avant une ressortie en 2002. Quant au DVD, son édition française est disponible depuis le, et le Blu-ray est disponible depuis le. | [
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Karst | Karst | Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. | Le karst est une structure géomorphologique résultant de l'érosion hydrochimique et hydraulique de toutes roches solubles, principalement de roches carbonatées dont essentiellement des calcaires. Des structures karstiques se rencontrent en outre dans des chlorures évaporitiques. Des processus de type karstique, dits « pseudokarstiques », peuvent aussi se développer dans certaines roches autres que les roches carbonatées ou les chlorures évaporitiques. | [
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Kyoto Protocol | Protocole de Kyoto | The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human-made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew from the protocol, effective December 2012) to the Protocol. | Le protocole de Kyoto est un accord international visant à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et qui vient s'ajouter à la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques dont les pays participants se rencontrent une fois par an depuis 1995. | [
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Didier Auriol | Didier Auriol | Didier Auriol (born 18 August 1958) is a French former rally driver. Born in Montpellier, and initially an ambulance driver, Auriol made his name as a French rally driver in the World Rally Championship throughout the 1990s. He became World Rally Champion in 1994, the first from his country to do so. He was a factory candidate for Lancia, Toyota and Peugeot among others, before losing his seat at Škoda at the end of 2003. | Didier Auriol, né le à Montpellier, est un pilote de rallye automobile français. Il est le premier Français à remporter le titre de champion du monde des rallyes en 1994, sur Toyota Celica. | [
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Yayoi period | Période Yayoi | The, dated 1,000 BC – 300 AD, started at the beginning of the Neolithic in Japan, continued through the Bronze Age, and towards its end crossed into the Iron Age. | La (environ 800-400 AEC - 250 EC) est l'une des quatorze subdivisions traditionnelles de l'histoire du Japon. Précédée par la période Jōmon et suivie par la période Kofun, c'est la première période de culture agraire au Japon et on y voit se développer rapidement la culture du riz en rizières inondées. Cette période voit aussi, peu après, son premier âge du bronze - âge du fer dont les technologies ainsi que certains traits caractéristiques de la céramique et la culture du riz en rizières inondées ont clairement été importés depuis la Corée. Ces échanges avec la Corée se sont faits sur une longue période, au cours de sa période de la céramique Mumun, puis des trois confédérations, les Samhan et des Trois Royaumes, ensuite. | [
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Rice | Riz | Rice is the seed of the grass species "Oryza glaberrima" (African rice) or "Oryza sativa" (Asian rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia and Africa. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes). Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans. There are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. | Le riz est une céréale de la famille des Poacées (anciennement graminées), cultivée dans les régions tropicales, subtropicales et tempérées chaudes pour son fruit, ou caryopse, riche en amidon. Il désigne l'ensemble des plantes du genre "Oryza", parmi lesquelles les deux seules espèces cultigènes, qui sont cultivées le plus souvent dans des champs plus ou moins inondés appelés rizières : "Oryza sativa" (appelé couramment ) et "Oryza glaberrima" (appelé couramment ou ). | [
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André Franquin | André Franquin | André Franquin (; 3 January 1924 – 5 January 1997) was an influential Belgian comics artist, whose best known creations are "Gaston" and "Marsupilami". He also produced the "Spirou et Fantasio" comic strip from 1947 to 1969, a period seen by many as the series' golden age. | André Franquin, né le à Etterbeek (Belgique) et mort le à Saint-Laurent-du-Var (France), est un auteur belge francophone de bande dessinée, principalement connu pour les séries "Spirou et Fantasio", "Gaston", "Modeste et Pompon" et les "Idées noires" ; il est aussi le créateur du Marsupilami, animal imaginaire. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Numeral system | Système de numération | A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner. | Un système de numération est un ensemble de règles qui régissent une, voire plusieurs numérations données. De façon plus explicite, c'est un ensemble de règles d'utilisation des signes, des mots ou des gestes permettant d'écrire, d'énoncer ou de mimer les nombres, ces derniers étant nés, sous leur forme écrite, en même temps que l'écriture, de la nécessité d'organiser les récoltes, le commerce et la datation. Le système de numération indo-arabe est aujourd’hui le plus répandu dans le monde. | [
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Marsupilami | Marsupilami | Marsupilami is a comic book character and fictional animal species created by André Franquin. Its first appearance was in the 31 January 1952 issue of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine "Spirou". Since then it appeared regularly in the popular Belgian comics series "Spirou & Fantasio", as a pet of the main characters, until Franquin stopped working on the series; the character's final appearance in the series during Franquin's lifetime was in 1970. | Le Marsupilami est un animal imaginaire créé par André Franquin en 1952, dans la série "Spirou et Fantasio", avant d'accéder à sa propre série. Il est doté d'une force herculéenne et d'une queue préhensile démesurée ainsi que de toutes sortes de particularités zoologiques dévoilées au fil des albums. | [
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Wheat | Blé | Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum; the most widely grown is common wheat ("T. aestivum"). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. | « Blé » est un terme générique qui désigne plusieurs céréales appartenant au genre Triticum. Ce sont des plantes annuelles de la famille des graminées ou Poacées, cultivées dans de très nombreux pays. Le mot « blé » désigne également le « grain » (caryopse) produit par ces plantes. | [
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Ferney-Voltaire | Ferney-Voltaire | Ferney-Voltaire is a commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. It lies between the Jura Mountains and the Swiss border; it forms part of the metropolitan area of Geneva. In 2017, it had a population of 9,766. | Ferney-Voltaire est une commune française située dans le département de l'Ain, en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Elle se situe aussi à côté de la frontière suisse, près de Genève. | [
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Otto von Bismarck | Otto von Bismarck | Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (), was a conservative German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs for two decades. He had previously been Minister President of Prussia (1862–1890) and Chancellor of the North German Confederation (1867–1871). He provoked three short, decisive wars against Denmark, Austria, and France. Following the victory against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state, aligning the smaller North German states behind Prussia. Receiving the support of the independent South German states in the Confederation's defeat of France, he formed the German Empire (which excluded Austria) and united Germany. | Otto von Bismarck, duc de Lauenburg et prince de Bismarck, né à Schönhausen le et mort le à Friedrichsruh, est un homme d'État prussien puis allemand. | [
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Mathematical proof | Démonstration (logique et mathématique) | A mathematical proof is an inferential argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion. The argument may use other previously established statements, such as theorems; but every proof can, in principle, be constructed using only certain basic or original assumptions known as axioms, along with the accepted rules of inference. Proofs are examples of exhaustive deductive reasoning which establish logical certainty, to be distinguished from empirical arguments or non-exhaustive inductive reasoning which establish "reasonable expectation". Presenting many cases in which the statement holds is not enough for a proof, which must demonstrate that the statement is true in "all" possible cases. An unproven proposition that is believed to be true is known as a conjecture, or a hypothesis if frequently used as an assumption for further mathematical work. | En mathématiques et en logique, une démonstration est un ensemble structuré d'étapes correctes de raisonnement. Dans une démonstration, chaque étape est soit un "axiome" (un fait acquis), soit l'application d'une "règle" qui permet d'affirmer qu'une proposition, la "conclusion", est une conséquence logique d'une ou plusieurs autres propositions, les "prémisses" de la règle. Les prémisses sont soit des axiomes, soit des propositions déjà obtenues comme conclusions de l'application d'autres règles. Une proposition qui est la conclusion de l'étape ultime d'une démonstration est un "théorème". | [
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Trévoux | Trévoux | Trévoux is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. The inhabitants are known as Trévoltiens. It is a suburb of Lyon, built on the steeply sloping left bank of the river Saône. | Trévoux est une commune française située dans le département de l'Ain, en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Ses habitants sont les "Trévoltiens" et les "Trévoltiennes". | [
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Divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the primes | Série des inverses des nombres premiers | The sum of the reciprocals of all prime numbers diverges; that is: This was proved by Leonhard Euler in 1737, and strengthens (i.e. it gives more information than) Euclid's 3rd-century-BC result that there are infinitely many prime numbers. | En mathématiques, la série des inverses des nombres premiers est la série de terme général, où formula_1 désigne le formula_2-ème nombre premier. Le terme général de la série tend vers zéro, cependant, la suite (croissante) des sommes partielles n'est pas convergente pour autant : Leonhard Euler a démontré en 1737 que formula_3, ce qui renforce à la fois le théorème d'Euclide sur les nombres premiers et celui d'Oresme sur la série harmonique. | [
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Blade Runner (1997 video game) | Blade Runner (jeu vidéo, 1997) | Blade Runner is a 1997 point-and-click adventure game developed by Westwood Studios and published by Virgin Interactive for Microsoft Windows. The game is not a direct adaptation of the 1982 Ridley Scott film "Blade Runner", but is instead a "sidequel", telling an original story, which runs parallel to the film's plot, occasionally intersecting with it. | Il est tiré en partie du film "Blade Runner" (1982) mais surtout du roman de Philip K. Dick : "Les androïdes rêvent-ils de moutons électriques?". Seuls quelques personnages issus du film sont présents dans le jeu avec des rôles très secondaires. | [
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Ludovico Ariosto | L'Arioste | Ludovico Ariosto (,, ; 8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic "Orlando Furioso" (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's "Orlando Innamorato", describes the adventures of Charlemagne, Orlando, and the Franks as they battle against the Saracens with diversions into many sideplots. The poem is transformed into a satire of the chivalric tradition. Ariosto composed the poem in the ottava rima rhyme scheme and introduced narrative commentary throughout the work. | Ludovico Ariosto dit L'Arioste (né le à Reggio d'Émilie et mort le à Ferrare) est un poète italien de la Renaissance. | [
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Pérouges | Pérouges | Pérouges is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. It is a medieval walled town northeast of Lyon. It is perched on a small hill that overlooks the plain of the Ain River. | Pérouges est une commune française, située dans le département de l'Ain en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. La commune est connue pour sa cité médiévale qui, juchée sur un mamelon de la Côtière, constitue le "Vieux Pérouges". | [
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Italo Calvino | Italo Calvino | Italo Calvino (,, ; 15 October 1923 – 19 September 1985) was an Italian journalist and writer of short stories and novels. His best known works include the "Our Ancestors" trilogy (1952–1959), the "Cosmicomics" collection of short stories (1965), and the novels "Invisible Cities" (1972) and "If on a winter's night a traveler" (1979). | Italo Calvino, né le à Santiago de Las Vegas (Cuba) et mort le à Sienne (Italie), est un écrivain italien du. | [
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International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies | Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge | The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192 member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disasters and health emergencies to meet the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people. It does so with impartiality as to nationality, race, gender, religious beliefs, class and political opinions. | La Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge (FICR) est une organisation humanitaire internationale, souvent connue sous le nom de Croix-Rouge ou de Croissant-Rouge. | [
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International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement | Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge | The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering. | Le Mouvement international de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge est le plus important regroupement d'organisations humanitaires au monde. Bien souvent, on désigne le mouvement en disant simplement la Croix-Rouge. | [
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Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement | Emblèmes de la Croix-Rouge | The emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, under the Geneva Conventions, are to be placed on humanitarian and medical vehicles and buildings, and to be worn by medical personnel and others carrying out humanitarian work, to protect them from military attack on the battlefield. There are four such emblems, three of which are in use: the Red Cross, the Red Crescent, and the Red Crystal. The Red Lion and Sun is also a recognized emblem, but is no longer in use. | Les emblèmes de la Croix-Rouge servent à désigner clairement les services médicaux en temps de guerre pour que leur protection puisse être assurée par les belligérants. | [
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Giovanni Boccaccio | Boccace | Giovanni Boccaccio (,, ; 16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Boccaccio wrote a number of notable works, including "The Decameron" and "On Famous Women". He wrote his imaginative literature mostly in Tuscan vernacular, as well as other works in Latin, and is particularly noted for his realistic dialogue which differed from that of his contemporaries, medieval writers who usually followed formulaic models for character and plot. | Giovanni Boccaccio (en français Jean Boccace, ou encore Boccacio ou Boccace) (1313 à Certaldo en Toscane - dans sa ville natale) est un écrivain florentin. | [
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Wilson's theorem | Théorème de Wilson | In number theory, Wilson's theorem states that a natural number "n" > 1 is a prime number if and only if the product of all the positive integers less than "n" is one less than a multiple of "n". That is (using the notations of modular arithmetic), the factorial formula_1 satisfies | En mathématiques, plus précisément en arithmétique élémentaire, le théorème de Wilson énonce qu'un entier "p" plus grand que 1 est premier si et seulement si la factorielle de "p" – 1 est congrue à –1 modulo "p". Cette caractérisation des nombres premiers est assez anecdotique et ne constitue pas un test de primalité efficace. Son principal intérêt réside dans son histoire et dans la relative simplicité de son énoncé et de ses preuves. | [
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Humidex | Indice humidex | The humidex (short for humidity index) is an index number used by Canadian meteorologists to describe how hot the weather feels to the average person, by combining the effect of heat and humidity. The term humidex was first coined in 1965. The humidex is a nominally dimensionless quantity (though generally recognized by the public as equivalent to the degree Celsius) based on the dew point. | L’indice humidex est une formule utilisée par les météorologues canadiens pour intégrer les effets combinés de la chaleur et de l'humidité. Il diffère de l'indice de chaleur utilisé aux États-Unis : celui-ci utilise l'humidité relative plutôt que le point de rosée. | [
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Dino Buzzati | Dino Buzzati | Dino Buzzati-Traverso (; 14 October 1906 – 28 January 1972) was an Italian novelist, short story writer, painter and poet, as well as a journalist for "Corriere della Sera". His worldwide fame is mostly due to his novel "The Tartar Steppe", and he is also known for his well-received collections of short stories. | Dino Buzzati Traverso, connu sous le nom de Dino Buzzati, né le à San Pellegrino di Belluno en Vénétie, mort le à Milan, est un journaliste (au "Corriere della Sera"), peintre et écrivain italien dont l'œuvre la plus célèbre est le roman intitulé "Le Désert des Tartares". De son métier de journaliste lui vient l'habitude de chercher des thèmes et des récits de la vie quotidienne et d'en faire ressortir l'aspect insolite, parfois fantastique. | [
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Guizhou | Guizhou | Guizhou (; alternately Kweichow), is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the central part of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to the south, Yunnan to the west, Sichuan to the northwest, the municipality of Chongqing to the north, and Hunan to the east. The population of Guizhou stands at 34 million, ranking 19th among the provinces in China. | Le Guizhou (, autrefois en français : Kouy-Tchéou) est une province intérieure au sud de la République populaire de Chine dont le chef-lieu est Guiyang. | [
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Ugo Foscolo | Ugo Foscolo | Ugo Foscolo (; 6 February 1778 in Zakynthos10 September 1827 in Turnham Green), born Niccolò Foscolo, was an Italian writer, revolutionary and a poet. | Niccolò Ugo Foscolo, né le sur l'île de Zante (alors dans la République de Venise, désormais en Grèce), mort le à Turnham Green, Londres, Angleterre, est un écrivain et poète italien. | [
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Aerostat | Aérostat | An aerostat (From Greek ἀήρ "aer" (air) + στατός "statos" (standing) through French) is a lighter than air aircraft that gains its lift through the use of a buoyant gas. Aerostats include unpowered balloons and powered airships. A balloon may be free-flying or tethered. The average density of the craft is lower than the density of atmospheric air, because its main component is one or more gasbags, a lightweight skin containing a lifting gas (including heated air as well as gases that have a lower density than air) to provide buoyancy, to which other components such as a gondola containing equipment or people are attached. Especially with airships, the gasbags are often protected by an outer envelope. | Un aérostat est un aéronef dont la sustentation est assurée principalement par une force aérostatique, la poussée d'Archimède, contrairement aux aérodynes, dits « plus lourds que l'air », qui utilisent la portance aérodynamique de leur voilure. Cette catégorie d'aéronefs, parfois appelés « plus léger que l'air », inclut les ballons (non motorisés) et les dirigeables (motorisés). Le pilote d'un aérostat est un aéronaute, le terme « aérostier » désignant plus spécifiquement un aéronaute militaire. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Gansu | Gansu | Gansu (; alternately romanized as Kansu) is a landlocked province in Northwest China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, located in the southeast part of the province. | Le Gansu () est une province du nord-ouest de la République populaire de Chine. Longue province étroite, coincée entre le plateau de Mongolie au nord et les contreforts du plateau Tibétain au sud, épousant le tracé principal de l'ancienne route de la soie, le Gansu est habité par environ 26 millions d'habitants (en 2004), dont une minorité importante de Hui. La capitale, Lanzhou, est située dans le sud-est de la province. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Big O notation | Comparaison asymptotique | Big O notation is a mathematical notation that describes the limiting behavior of a function when the argument tends towards a particular value or infinity. Big O is a member of a family of notations invented by Paul Bachmann, Edmund Landau, and others, collectively called Bachmann–Landau notation or asymptotic notation. | En mathématiques, plus précisément en analyse, la comparaison asymptotique est une méthode consistant à étudier la vitesse de croissance d'une fonction au voisinage d'un point ou à l'infini, en la comparant à celle d'une autre fonction considérée comme plus « simple ». Celle-ci est souvent choisie sur une échelle de référence, contenant en général au moins certaines fonctions dites élémentaires, en particulier les sommes et produits de polynômes, d'exponentielles et de logarithmes. Les notations correspondantes sont en particulier utilisées en physique et en informatique, par exemple pour décrire la complexité de certains algorithmes. Elles sont également utilisées en théorie analytique des nombres pour évaluer finement l'erreur commise en remplaçant une fonction irrégulière, comme celle comptant les nombres premiers, par une fonction de l'échelle choisie. | [
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Gabriele D'Annunzio | Gabriele D'Annunzio | General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso (,, ; 12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938), sometimes spelled d'Annunzio, was an Italian poet, playwright, and journalist and soldier during World War I. He occupied a prominent place in Italian literature from 1889 to 1910 and later political life from 1914 to 1924. He was often referred to under the epithets "Il Vate" ("the Poet") or "Il Profeta" ("the Prophet"). | Gabriele D'Annunzio ou d'Annunzio, prince de Montenevoso, est un écrivain italien, né à Pescara le et mort à Gardone Riviera le. | [
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Victor Schœlcher | Victor Schœlcher | Victor Schœlcher (; 22 July 1804 – 25 December 1893) was a French politician and writer, best known for his work towards the abolition of slavery in France. | Victor Schœlcher () est un journaliste et homme politique français, né à Paris le et mort à Houilles le. Il est connu pour avoir agi en faveur de l'abolition définitive de l'esclavage en France, via le décret d'abolition, signé par le gouvernement provisoire de la deuxième République le. | [
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Edmond Rostand | Edmond Rostand | Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand (,, ; 1 April 1868 – 2 December 1918) was a French poet and dramatist. He is associated with neo-romanticism and is known best for his play "Cyrano de Bergerac". Rostand's romantic plays contrasted with the naturalistic theatre popular during the late nineteenth century. Another of Rostand's works, "Les Romanesques", was adapted to the musical comedy "The Fantasticks". | Edmond Rostand, né le à Marseille et mort le à Paris, est un écrivain, dramaturge, poète et essayiste français. Il est l'auteur de "Cyrano de Bergerac", l'époux de la poétesse Rosemonde Gérard et le père de l'écrivain, biologiste et académicien français Jean Rostand. | [
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FM broadcasting | Radio FM | FM broadcasting is a method of radio broadcasting using frequency modulation (FM). Invented in 1933 by American engineer Edwin Armstrong, wide-band FM is used worldwide to provide high fidelity sound over broadcast radio. FM broadcasting is capable of higher fidelity—that is, more accurate reproduction of the original program sound—than other broadcasting technologies, such as AM broadcasting or DAB radio. Therefore, FM is used for most broadcasts of music or general audio (in the audio spectrum). FM radio stations use the very high frequency range of radio frequencies. | La radio FM, inventée en 1933 par Edwin Armstrong, est un procédé de radiodiffusion de programmes radiophoniques en modulation de fréquence (ou "FM" pour ) dans la gamme des très hautes fréquences (VHF). Elle est destinée à être reçue directement par le public et s'applique à la fois à la réception individuelle et à la réception communautaire. Dans la plupart des pays, c'est plus précisément la bande 87,5 – 108 MHz (VHF – bande II) qui est utilisée. Du fait de son utilisation par la radio FM, cette bande est souvent appelée « bande FM » dans le grand public. | [
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Hebei | Hebei | Hebei (; alternately Hopeh) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the North China region. The modern province was established in 1911 as Chihli Province (Zhili Province). Its capital and largest city is Shijiazhuang. Its one-character abbreviation is "" (), named after Ji Province, a Han dynasty province ("zhou") that included what is now southern Hebei. The name "Hebei" literally means "north of the river", referring to its location entirely to the north of the Yellow River. | Le Hebei (河北 ; "pinyin" : "héběi" ; "littéralement" : "au nord du fleuve Jaune") est une province située à l'est de la Chine. | [
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Vrykolakas | Vrykolakas | Vrykolakas (Greek βρυκόλακας, pronounced ), also called vorvolakas or vourdoulakas, is a harmful, undead creature in Greek folklore and in Salento culture (in Salento it is known as "brucolaco"). It shares similarities with numerous other legendary creatures, but is generally equated with the vampire of the folklore of the neighbouring Slavic countries. While the two are very similar, "vrykolakas" eat flesh, particularly livers, rather than drink blood, bringing it more in line with the modern concept of a zombie. | Les vrykolakas (en grec moderne : ou prononcé [vri'kolakas] ; en aroumain : "vurculatsili" ; en roumain : "vârcolaci" ; en serbe : "vukodlak" ; en bulgare et macédonien : Върколак, "vǎrkolak" ; en lituanien : "vilkolakis", en russe et ukrainien : вурдалак ou врыколак : "vourdalak" ou "vrykolak"), parfois transcrit "broucolaque" en français, sont, dans les Balkans et les pays slaves, des revenants corporels, l'équivalent local des zombies. Ils sont différents des vampires, apparus plus tard, car les "vrykolakas" ne vident pas les vivants de leur sang et ne les transforment pas en spectres, mais les méthodes pour s'en débarrasser sont pratiquement les mêmes que pour les vampires. | [
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Henan | Henan | Henan (; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is also applied to the entirety of China proper. Henan is a birthplace of Chinese civilization, with over 3,000 years of recorded history and remained China's cultural, economical and political center until approximately 1,000 years ago. | Le Henan, autrefois "Honan" (河南, "hénán" en pinyin, « au sud du fleuve »), est une province du centre-est de la Chine. Le Henan fut appelé Zhongzhou (中州) ce qui signifie littéralement «plaine centrale», ce nom est toutefois également appliqué à l'ensemble de la Chine. Le Henan, berceau de la civilisation chinoise ayant plus de d'histoire, est resté un centre culturel, économique et politique de la Chine jusqu'il y a un millénaire. | [
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Dante Alighieri | Dante Alighieri | Dante Alighieri (), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to simply as Dante (,,; – 1321), was an Italian poet. His "Divine Comedy", originally called (modern Italian: "Commedia") and later christened by Giovanni Boccaccio, is widely considered the most important poem of the Middle Ages and the greatest literary work in the Italian language. | Dante Alighieri (Durante degli Alighieri dit « Dante ») est un poète, écrivain, penseur et homme politique florentin né entre la mi-mai et la mi-juin 1265 à Florence et mort le à Ravenne. | [
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Teratology | Tératologie | Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development. It is often thought of as the study of human congenital abnormalities, but it is broader than that, taking into account other non-birth developmental stages, including puberty; and other organisms, including plants. The related term developmental toxicity includes all manifestations of abnormal development that are caused by environmental insult. These may include growth retardation, delayed mental development or other congenital disorders without any structural malformations. | La tératologie est la science des anomalies de l'organisation anatomique, congénitale et héréditaire, des êtres vivants. La discipline a longtemps été assimilée à l'étude des « monstres » humains et animaux, c'est-à-dire des anomalies les plus spectaculaires, mais elle concerne tout écart anatomique significatif présenté par un individu par rapport au type spécifique, au-delà des variations individuelles qui différencient normalement un sujet d'un autre dans la même espèce. Source d'intérêt et d'études dès l'Antiquité, la tératologie se constitue en tant que discipline scientifique au milieu du et c'est Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire et son fils Isidore qui lui confèrent, au siècle suivant, une méthode et une nomenclature. Associant les observations et les recherches des médecins et des vétérinaires la tératologie participe alors aux progrès de l'embryologie jusqu'à devenir progressivement un chapitre de la pathologie de l'embryon. | [
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Culture of Belgium | Culture de la Belgique | Belgian culture involves both the aspects shared by all Belgians regardless of the language they speak and the differences between the main cultural communities: the Dutch-speaking Belgians (Flemish) and the French-speaking Belgians (mostly Brussels and Walloon people). Most Belgians view their culture as an integral part of European culture. | La culture de la Belgique, pays d'Europe de l'Ouest, désigne d'abord les pratiques culturelles observables de ses habitants (, estimation 2017). | [
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Parthenogenesis | Parthénogenèse | Parthenogenesis (; from the Greek + ) is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization by sperm. In animals, parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. In plants parthenogenesis is a component process of apomixis. | La parthénogenèse (des mots grecs παρθένος, ', vierge, et γένεσις, ', naissance) est la division à partir d'un gamète femelle non fécondé. C'est un mode de reproduction monoparental comme l’auto-fécondation qui nécessite quant à elle l’intervention des deux gamètes, mâles et femelles, apportés par le même individu hermaphrodite. Elle appartient aux modes de reproduction sexuée car elle nécessite l'intervention d'un gamète mais en l'absence d'apport de matériel génétique d'un autre individu, le résultat s'apparente à la reproduction asexuée. Ce phénomène s'observe naturellement chez certaines espèces végétales et animales, mais peut également être provoqué artificiellement. | [
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Tommaso Landolfi | Tommaso Landolfi | Tommaso Landolfi (9 August 1908 – 8 July 1979) was an Italian author, translator and literary critic. His numerous grotesque tales and novels, sometimes on the border of speculative fiction, science fiction and realism, place him in a unique and unorthodox position among Italian writers. He won a number of awards, including the prestigious Strega Prize. | Tommaso Landolfi, né le à Pico, dans la province de Frosinone, dans le Latium, et mort le à Ronciglione, est un écrivain, un poète et un traducteur italien du. Outre son œuvre narrative, assez singulière, il s'est fait particulièrement remarquer par ses traductions du russe. Bien que peu connu du grand public, peut-être à cause de son langage maniéré et baroque, et parce qu'il s'est maintenu éloigné des principaux courants littéraires italiens de l'après-guerre, il est considéré comme l'un des grands écrivains italiens du. | [
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Stormbringer (role-playing game) | Stormbringer (jeu de rôle) | Stormbringer is a fantasy role-playing game published by Chaosium set in the world of the Young Kingdoms, based on the Elric of Melniboné books by Michael Moorcock. The game takes its name from Elric's sword, Stormbringer (though one edition was published as "Elric!") and uses the Basic Role-Playing game system, a percentile-dice-based system used in many role-playing games designed by Chaosium. | Stormbringer est un jeu de rôle publié par Chaosium et écrit par Ken St. Andre, également créateur de "Tunnels et Trolls". La première édition originale date de 1981 et la première traduction française date de 1987. | [
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Ancient Greek religion | Religion grecque antique | Ancient Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology originating in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. These groups varied enough for it to be possible to speak of Greek religions or "cults" in the plural, though most of them shared similarities. | La religion grecque antique désigne un ensemble de rites et de pratiques de l'Antiquité grecque. À partir de l'époque archaïque, les caractères dominants de la religion grecque apparaissent : un polythéisme, des dieux ("theoi") anthropomorphes munis d'attributs (foudre, trident, arc et flèches, égides, etc.), jouissant de pouvoirs pléthoriques, ayant des secteurs d'intervention, des modes d'actions propres, et dotés d'une mythologie avec ses héros. Mais chacune de ces divinités n'existe que par les liens qui l'unissent au système divin global. | [
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Android (robot) | Androïde | An android is a robot or other artificial being designed to resemble a human, and often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids were completely within the domain of science fiction and frequently seen in film and television, but recent advances in robot technology now allow the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots. | L'adjectif androïde désigne ce qui est de forme humaine, étymologiquement ce « qui ressemble à un Homme ». Un androïde, est un robot construit à l'image d'un être humain. Stricto sensu, "andr" désigne l'homme au sens masculin, le terme gynoïde est utilisé pour un robot à l'image d'une femme ; les termes neutres humanoïde et anthropoïde sont synonymes. La dénomination « androïde » évoque l'image d'une machine alors que les autres termes ne font pas clairement la distinction par rapport à tout être anthropomorphe). Le mot "droïde" dérive de ce terme. | [
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Hainan | Hainan | Hainan () is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea., separated from Guangdong's Leizhou Peninsula by the Qiongzhou Strait, is the largest and most populous island under PRC administration and makes up the majority of the province. The name of the island and the province, Hainan, means "South of the Sea", reflecting its position south of the Qiongzhou Strait. | Hainan (, « au sud de la mer ») est une île tropicale au sud de la Chine. Hainan est une province au sud de la République populaire de Chine dont le chef-lieu est Haikou. La population de l'île, dont la superficie est de km2, atteint habitants fin 2016 dont une minorité significative de Li (15%), les occupants originels de Hainan. Il s'agit de la plus petite province du pays. Le gouvernement chinois a rattaché à cette province les petites îles de mer de Chine méridionale dont elle revendique la souveraineté. | [
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Vaison-la-Romaine | Vaison-la-Romaine | Vaison-la-Romaine is a town in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Vaison-la-Romaine is famous for its rich Roman ruins and mediaeval town and cathedral. It is also unusual in the way the antique, mediaeval and modern towns spanning 2,000 years of history lie close together. | Vaison-la-Romaine est une commune française située dans le département de Vaucluse, en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Ses habitants sont appelés les "Vaisonnais". | [
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International Committee of the Red Cross | Comité international de la Croix-Rouge | The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties (signatories) to the Geneva Convention of 1949 and its Additional Protocols of 1977 (Protocol I, Protocol II) and 2005 have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal armed conflicts. Such victims include war wounded, prisoners, refugees, civilians, and other non-combatants. | Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) est une institution d'aide humanitaire, créée en 1863 par un groupe de citoyens de la ville suisse de Genève, dont faisaient partie Gustave Moynier, Henry Dunant (prix Nobel de la paix en 1901), les docteurs Louis Appia, Théodore Maunoir, et le général Guillaume Henri Dufour. C'est la plus ancienne organisation humanitaire existante après l'ordre de Malte. Le CICR s'est vu décerner le prix Nobel de la paix en 1917, 1944 et 1963 et le prix Balzan pour l'humanité, la paix et la fraternité entre les peuples en 1996. | [
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Giacomo Leopardi | Giacomo Leopardi | Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi (, ; 29 June 1798 – 14 June 1837) was an Italian philosopher, poet, essayist, and philologist. He is considered the greatest Italian poet of the nineteenth century and one of the most important figures in the literature of the world, as well as one of the principals of literary romanticism; his constant reflection on existence and on the human condition—of sensuous and materialist inspiration—has also earned him a reputation as a deep philosopher. He is widely seen as one of the most radical and challenging thinkers of the 19th century but routinely compared by Italian critics to his older contemporary Alessandro Manzoni despite expressing "diametrically opposite positions." Although he lived in a secluded town in the conservative Papal States, he came into contact with the main ideas of the Enlightenment, and through his own literary evolution, created a remarkable and renowned poetic work, related to the Romantic era. The strongly lyrical quality of his poetry made him a central figure on the European and international literary and cultural landscape. | Giacomo Leopardi, né le à Recanati (États pontificaux) et mort le à Naples (Royaume des Deux Siciles), est un écrivain, poète et philosophe italien, souvent considéré comme le deuxième plus célèbre et influent écrivain italien après Dante Alighieri. | [
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Ferrous metallurgy | Sidérurgie | Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and alloys. It began far back in prehistory. The earliest surviving iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt, were made from meteoritic iron-nickel. It is not known when or where the smelting of iron from ores began, but by the end of the 2nd millennium BC iron was being produced from iron ores from at least Greece to India, and more controversially Sub-Saharan Africa. The use of wrought iron (worked iron) was known by the 1st millennium BC, and its spread marked the Iron Age. During the medieval period, means were found in Europe of producing wrought iron from cast iron (in this context known as pig iron) using finery forges. For all these processes, charcoal was required as fuel. | Le terme sidérurgie — du grec ancien σιδηρουργεῖον, "sidérourguéïon" (« atelier du forgeron »), lui-même formé à partir de σίδηρος "sideros" (« fer ») et de ἔργον "ergon" (« travail ») — désigne à la fois les technologies d'obtention de la fonte, du fer et de l'acier à partir de minerai de fer, mais aussi l'industrie qui les met en œuvre. | [
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Atlantis | Atlantide | Atlantis (, "island of Atlas") is a fictional island mentioned in an allegory on the hubris of nations in Plato's works "Timaeus" and "Critias", where it represents the antagonist naval power that besieges "Ancient Athens", the pseudo-historic embodiment of Plato's ideal state in "The Republic". In the story, Athens repels the Atlantean attack unlike any other nation of the known world, supposedly bearing witness to the superiority of Plato's concept of a state. The story concludes with Atlantis falling out of favor with the deities and submerging into the Atlantic Ocean. | L’Atlantide (du grec ancien / ) est une île mythique évoquée par Platon dans deux de ses "Dialogues", le "Timée" puis le "Critias". Cette île, qu'il situe au-delà des Colonnes d'Hercule, est dédiée à Poséidon et, après avoir connu un âge d'or pacifique, évolue progressivement vers une thalassocratie conquérante dont l'expansion est arrêtée par Athènes, avant que l'île ne soit engloutie par les flots dans un cataclysme provoqué à l'instigation de Zeus. | [
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Antonio Gramsci | Antonio Gramsci | Antonio Francesco Gramsci (,, ; 22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher and communist politician. He wrote on political theory, sociology and linguistics. He attempted to break from the economic determinism of traditional Marxist thought and so is considered a key neo-Marxist. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy and was imprisoned by Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime. | Antonio Gramsci, né le à Ales (Sardaigne) et mort le à Rome, est un philosophe, écrivain et théoricien politique italien. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Thrust | Poussée (aérodynamique) | Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction, the accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction on that system. The force applied on a surface in a direction perpendicular or normal to the surface is also called thrust. Force, and thus thrust, is measured using the International System of Units (SI) in newtons (symbol: N), and represents the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 meter per second per second. In mechanical engineering, force orthogonal to the main load (such as in parallel helical gears) is referred to as thrust. | En aérodynamique, la poussée est la force exercée par l'accélération de gaz (souvent de l'air ou des gaz résultant d'une combustion) grâce à un moteur, dans le sens inverse de l'avancement. | [
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Slavery | Esclavage | Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a "de jure" form of property. An enslaved person is unable to withdraw unilaterally from such an arrangement and works without remuneration. Many scholars now use the term chattel slavery to refer to this specific sense of legalized, "de jure" slavery. In a broader sense, however, the word slavery may also refer to any situation in which an individual is "de facto" forced to work against their own will. Scholars also use the more generic terms such as unfree labour or forced labour to refer to such situations. However, and especially under slavery in broader senses of the word, slaves may have some rights and protections according to laws or customs. | L'esclavage est un système juridique et social qui applique le droit de propriété aux individus, dits "esclaves". Par opposition un individu ne faisant pas l'objet d'un tel droit de propriété est dit "libre". Le propriétaire d'un esclave est quant à lui appelé "maître". Défini comme un par Aristote, l’esclave se distingue du serf, du captif ou du forçat (conditions voisines dans l'exploitation) par l'absence d'une personnalité juridique propre. Des règles (coutumes, lois...) variables selon le pays et l’époque considérés, fixent les conditions par lesquelles on devient esclave ou on cesse de l'être, quelles limitations s'imposent au maître, quelles marges de liberté et protection légale l'esclave conserve, quelle humanité (quelle âme, sur le plan religieux) on lui reconnaît, etc. L'affranchissement d'un esclave (par son maître ou par l'autorité d'un haut placé) fait de lui un "affranchi", qui a un statut proche de celui de l'individu ordinaire. | [
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Passive voice | Voix passive | A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the "theme" or "patient" of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed. This contrasts with active voice, in which the subject has the agent role. For example, in the passive sentence "The tree was pulled down", the subject ("the tree") denotes the patient rather than the agent of the action. In contrast, the sentences "Someone pulled down the tree" and "The tree is down" are active sentences. | En grammaire, la voix passive ou plus simplement le passif est une forme verbale qui se distingue de la voix active par un marquage grammatical spécifique. Son emploi entraîne un remaniement de la structure syntaxique de la proposition de base, c'est-à-dire celle dont le verbe est à la voix active. En français, à de rares exceptions près, seuls les verbes transitifs directs peuvent être conjugués au passif. L'objet de la proposition de base devient alors le sujet de la forme passive, cependant que le sujet du verbe à la forme active disparaît (passif non agentif) ou passe à l'arrière-plan sous forme de complément oblique (ou circonstanciel), appelé traditionnellement "complément d'agent" (passif agentif) ; le verbe, perdant un de ses arguments ou le rétrogradant au rôle de circonstant, devient intransitif. Cette transformation entraîne un nouveau rapport entre les fonctions des groupes nominaux et les actants qu'ils représentent, l'objet (ou le patient) devenant sujet, ce que beaucoup de linguistes appellent un changement de diathèse. La voix passive s'oppose ainsi à la voix active du fait de l'inversion de la répartition en fonctions syntaxiques des rôles sémantiques d'agent et de patient.Il en résulte une thématisation du patient ou objet, devenu sujet, par inversion ou disparition de l'agent. Cette présentation, pertinente pour de nombreuses langues accusatives, est toutefois réductrice dans une perspective plurilinguistique, puisque le verbe passif peut ne pas avoir de sujet exprimé (passifs impersonnels) et qu'il peut s'agir dans ce cas d'un verbe intransitif. Par ailleurs la thématisation par modification de diathèse peut s'étendre à d'autres actants que l'objet. | [
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111,
6002,
102,
49086,
45646,
2451,
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4,
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214,
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538,
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5,
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4,
100,
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4,
70,
64406,
45023,
101766,
13,
15,
289,
991,
35839,
116361,
101766,
13,
16,
2
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250008,
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150416,
41,
95,
24693,
2
] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Latin conjugation | Conjugaison latine | Conjugation has two meanings. One meaning is the creation of derived forms of a verb from basic forms, or principal parts. It may be affected by person, number, gender, tense, mood, aspect, voice, or other language-specific factors. | La conjugaison du verbe latin repose tout entière sur l'opposition de deux thèmes, celui du présent ("infectum") et celui du parfait ("perfectum"). Le système verbal latin s'organise donc sur trois radicaux : | [
250004,
250054,
581,
142,
45964,
12610,
7,
61261,
4,
86595,
678,
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830,
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765,
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2684,
5526,
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186,
740,
8622,
2843,
32316,
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54137,
136,
36137,
9,
112,
54137,
42845,
42792,
7,
15,
81465,
7,
678,
10,
101766,
13,
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91084,
247,
237,
5299,
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5844,
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98,
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111680,
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54241,
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7722,
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26950,
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3638,
538,
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1363,
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111,
40368,
12921,
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83,
63559,
47,
186,
19048,
47,
158863,
538,
27489,
70,
4393,
37457,
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2499,
17311,
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45,
10763,
6635,
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42792,
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621,
145870,
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54241,
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581,
351,
9,
185622,
93396,
90,
228186,
67,
237,
28960,
7,
12,
4426,
157,
13691,
2740,
1639,
42946,
157,
13691,
2740,
581,
116,
2208,
3445,
67824,
101766,
13,
25,
4398,
186,
16610,
33,
297,
47,
242,
5,
44,
9,
107,
58,
509,
70,
20324,
3173,
23,
39395,
42845,
136,
15,
3355,
19462,
23,
70,
13379,
111680,
272,
16,
23,
185571,
74,
44,
9,
3679,
58,
509,
12601,
2822,
14432,
5,
360,
39395,
42845,
15,
683,
143,
19726,
247,
70,
138,
4216,
67824,
86658,
7,
44,
9,
257,
58,
136,
44,
9,
126,
58,
3542,
97160,
309,
37534,
44,
9,
13781,
58,
136,
44,
9,
7924,
58,
678,
10,
4989,
2244,
8420,
5,
64511,
3173,
7,
12,
581,
7893,
63920,
56104,
606,
35593,
47,
1632,
111,
70,
25632,
103510,
7,
12,
581,
42792,
25,
58,
568,
8337,
58,
83,
105843,
23,
450,
40494,
23,
70,
116,
2208,
67824,
25,
2940,
222530,
13,
242,
4,
70,
44,
11,
58,
83,
16610,
4,
28,
5,
177,
5,
25,
58,
568,
1221,
8337,
740,
581,
44,
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Maurice Maeterlinck | Maurice Maeterlinck | Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count (or Comte) Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. He was a leading member of La Jeune Belgique group and his plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement. | Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck, dit Maurice Maeterlinck (/ma.tɛʁ.lɛ̃ːk/ en Belgique ; /mɛ.teʁ.lɛ̃ːk/ en France), né le à Gand (Belgique) et mort le à Nice (France), est un écrivain francophone belge, prix Nobel de littérature en 1911. | [
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Alpha Centauri | Alpha Centauri | Alpha Centauri (Latinized from α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is the closest star system and closest planetary system to Earth's Solar System at 4.37 light-years (1.34 parsec) from the Sun. It is a triple star system, consisting of three stars: α Centauri A (officially Rigil Kentaurus), α Centauri B (officially Toliman), and α Centauri C (officially Proxima Centauri). | Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abrégé en α Cen, selon la désignation de Bayer), en français Alpha du Centaure, est le système stellaire et planétaire le plus proche du système solaire. Il est situé à -lumière (1.34 pc) du Soleil. Il s’agit d’un système à trois étoiles : α Centauri A (officiellement Rigil Kentaurus), α Centauri B (officiellement Toliman) et α Centauri C (officiellement Proxima Centauri) et au moins une planète. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Apollo 11 | Apollo 11 | Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin formed the American crew that landed the Apollo Lunar Module "Eagle" on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC. Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours and 39 minutes later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC; Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later. They spent about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft, and they collected of lunar material to bring back to Earth. Command module pilot Michael Collins flew the Command Module "Columbia" alone in lunar orbit while they were on the Moon's surface. Armstrong and Aldrin spent 21 hours, 36 minutes on the lunar surface at a site they named Tranquility Base before lifting off to rejoin "Columbia" in lunar orbit. | Au cours de cette mission, de roche et de sol lunaire sont collectés et plusieurs instruments scientifiques sont installés sur la surface de notre satellite. Bien que l'objectif scientifique d' ait été limité par la durée du séjour sur la Lune et la capacité d'emport réduite des vaisseaux spatiaux utilisés, la mission fournit des résultats substantiels. Son déroulement, en particulier les premiers pas sur la Lune filmés par une caméra vidéo et retransmis en direct, constituent un événement suivi sur toute la planète en mondovision par des centaines de millions de personnes. | [
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François Faber | François Faber | François Faber (; 26 January 1887 – 9 May 1915) was a Luxembourgian racing cyclist. He was born in France. He was the first foreigner to win the Tour de France in 1909, and his record of winning 5 consecutive stages still stands. He died in World War I while fighting for France. | François Faber, né le à Aulnay-sur-Iton dans l'Eure et mort tué à l'ennemi le à Carency ou à Mont-Saint-Éloi selon les sources, dans le Pas-de-Calais, est un coureur cycliste de nationalité luxembourgeoise. Il compte à son palmarès un Tour de France, un Tour de Lombardie, un Paris-Roubaix, deux Paris-Tours, un Bordeaux-Paris et un Paris-Bruxelles. Sa réussite sportive est indissociable de la figure d'Alphonse Baugé qui fut son directeur sportif au sein de plusieurs équipes. Durant la seconde partie de sa carrière, une certaine rivalité sportive a opposé Faber à Octave Lapize. | [
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Maurice Garin | Maurice Garin | Maurice-François Garin (; 3 March 1871 – 19 February 1957) was a French road bicycle racer best known for winning the inaugural Tour de France in 1903, and for being stripped of his title in the second Tour in 1904 along with eight others, for cheating. | Maurice-François Garin (), dit Maurice Garin, né le à Arvier, commune italienne francophone de la Vallée d'Aoste et mort le à Lens, est un cycliste italien, naturalisé français en 1901. | [
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Kimi Räikkönen | Kimi Räikkönen | Kimi-Matias Räikkönen (; born 17 October 1979), nicknamed "Iceman", is a Finnish racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Alfa Romeo Racing. He won the 2007 Formula One World Championship in his first season with Scuderia Ferrari. After nine seasons racing in Formula One he left the sport to compete in the World Rally Championship in 2010 and 2011, returning to Formula One from. In addition to this title, Räikkönen also finished second overall in and, and third in, and. Räikkönen has won 21 Grands Prix, making him the most successful Finnish driver in terms of Formula One race wins. He is the only driver to take a race win in the V10, V8 and the hybrid V6 engine eras. | Kimi-Matias Räikkönen (), né le à Espoo en Finlande, est un pilote automobile finlandais, champion du monde de Formule 1 en 2007. Les médias l'ont surnommé "Iceman" en raison de sa capacité à conserver son sang-froid en toutes circonstances ainsi que son tempérament assez réservé. | [
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Intruder (play) | L'Intruse (Maeterlinck) | Intruder () a play by Belgian playwright Maurice Maeterlinck. It is the second play Maeterlinck wrote. "Intruder" concerns man's conflict with preternatural forces, against which he is powerless. The same theme was prevalent in Maeterlinck's first written play, "Princess Maleine". | L'Intruse est un drame en un acte, écrit par Maurice Maeterlinck, en 1890. Cette pièce appartient au théâtre de l'intériorité que l'auteur a institué. Elle constitue la première partie de ce que Maeterlinck appelle lui-même « une petite triologie de la mort ». Les deux autres volets sont "Les Aveugles" et "Les Sept Princesses" (1891). | [
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Aquifer | Aquifère | An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt). Groundwater can be extracted using a water well. The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology. Related terms include aquitard, which is a bed of low permeability along an aquifer, and aquiclude (or "aquifuge"), which is a solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer. If the impermeable area overlies the aquifer, pressure could cause it to become a confined aquifer. | Un aquifère est une nappe d'eau souterraine contenue dans un sol ou une roche réservoir originellement poreuse ou fissurée, et suffisamment perméable pour que l'eau puisse y circuler librement. | [
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Charly Gaul | Charly Gaul | Charly Gaul (8 December 1932 – 6 December 2005 in Luxembourg City) was a Luxembourgian professional cyclist. He was a national cyclo-cross champion, an accomplished time triallist and superb climber. His ability earned him the nickname of "Angel of the Mountains" in the 1958 Tour de France, which he won with four stage victories. He also won the Giro d'Italia in 1956 and 1959. Gaul rode best in cold, wet weather. In later life he became a recluse<ref name="L'Equipe 06/12/2005">L'Equipe, 06/12/2005 Cyclisme – Disparition – Décès de Charly Gaul and lost much of his memory. | Charly Gaul, né le à Pfaffenthal (Luxembourg) et mort le à Luxembourg, est un coureur cycliste luxembourgeois. Coureur polyvalent, il a notamment été champion du Luxembourg de cyclo-cross, un coureur de contre-la-montre accompli et un excellent grimpeur. Ses capacités de pur grimpeur lorsque la route s'élève lui valent les surnoms du "Grimpeur ailé" ou de l'. Il est reconnu pour avoir été un des plus grands grimpeurs du siècle. Il remporte le Tour de France 1958 ainsi que quatre étapes. Il s'adjuge également le Tour d'Italie en 1956 et 1959. Il apprécie particulièrement les mauvaises conditions météorologiques, dans lesquelles il parvient à creuser des écarts gigantesques et à bouleverser les classements. | [
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Vesta (mythology) | Vesta | Vesta () is the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion. She was rarely depicted in human form, and was often represented by the fire of her temple in the Forum Romanum. Entry to her temple was permitted only to her priestesses, the Vestals, who tended the sacred fire at the hearth in her temple. As she was considered a guardian of the Roman people, her festival, the "Vestalia" (7–15 June), was regarded as one of the most important Roman holidays. During the "Vestalia" matrons walked barefoot through the city to the sanctuary of the goddess, where they presented offerings of food. Such was Vesta's importance to Roman religion that hers was one of the last republican pagan cults still active following the rise of Christianity until it was forcibly disbanded by the Christian emperor Theodosius I in AD 391. | Vesta (prononciation latine : ) est la déesse du foyer du peuple romain et, par extension, de la maison et de la famille dans la religion romaine. Sa présence était symbolisée par le feu sacré qui brûlait dans son foyer et ses temples. | [
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White blood cell | Leucocyte | White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system. | Les leucocytes (du grec "leukos" : blanc et "kutos" : cellule) ou globules blancs sont des cellules produites dans la moelle osseuse et présentes dans le sang, la lymphe, les organes lymphoïdes (ganglions, rate, amygdale et végétations adénoïdes et plaques de Peyer) et de nombreux tissus conjonctifs de l'organisme. Il en existe plusieurs types, les granulocytes (ou polynucléaires), les lymphocytes et les monocytes. Chaque type joue un rôle important au sein du système immunitaire en participant à la protection contre les agressions d'organismes extérieurs de manière coordonnée. De nombreuses pathologies peuvent atteindre ces cellules, par anomalie de production ou de fonctionnement. | [
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Fausto Coppi | Fausto Coppi | Angelo Fausto Coppi (; 15 September 1919 – 2 January 1960) was an Italian cyclist, the dominant international cyclist of the years after the Second World War. His successes earned him the title "Il Campionissimo" ("Champion of Champions"). He was an all-round racing cyclist: he excelled in both climbing and time trialing, and was also a great sprinter. He won the Giro d'Italia five times (1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953), the Tour de France twice (1949 and 1952), and the World Championship in 1953. Other notable results include winning the Giro di Lombardia five times, the Milan–San Remo three times, as well as wins at Paris–Roubaix and La Flèche Wallonne and setting the hour record (45.798 km) in 1942. | Angelo-Fausto Coppi, dit Fausto Coppi, né le à Castellania dans le Piémont et mort le à Tortone, est un cycliste italien. Professionnel de 1940 à 1959, il est considéré comme l'un des plus grands coureurs de l'histoire du cyclisme, ce qui lui vaut le surnom de « ». Premier coureur à réaliser le doublé Tour d'Italie-Tour de France en 1949 (exploit réédité en 1952), il remporte notamment cinq Tours d'Italie, deux Tours de France, cinq Tours de Lombardie, trois Milan-San Remo, un Paris-Roubaix, une Flèche wallonne, quatre Championnats d'Italie sur route et trois championnats du monde : un sur route et deux en poursuite. Il détient également le record de l'heure de 1942 à 1956. Sa carrière a été marquée par sa rivalité avec Gino Bartali. Coureur complet, son palmarès compte des victoires majeures dans différents types de compétition, sur route et sur piste. Il a acquis nombre de victoires au bout de longues échappées solitaires. | [
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Louison Bobet | Louison Bobet | Louis "Louison" Bobet (; 12 March 1925 - 13 March 1983) was a French professional road racing cyclist. He was the first great French rider of the post-war period and the first rider to win the Tour de France in three successive years, from 1953 to 1955. His career included the national road championship (1950 and 1951), Milan–San Remo (1951), Giro di Lombardia (1951), Critérium International (1951 & 52), Paris–Nice (1952), Grand Prix des Nations (1952), world road championship (1954), Tour of Flanders (1955), Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré (1955), Tour de Luxembourg (1955), Paris–Roubaix (1956) and Bordeaux–Paris (1959). | Louis Bobet, dit Louison Bobet, né le à Saint-Méen-le-Grand (Ille-et-Vilaine) et mort le à Biarritz (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), est un coureur cycliste français. Professionnel de 1947 à 1961, il est considéré comme l'un des plus grands coureurs de l'histoire du cyclisme et possède l'un des palmarès les plus riches de son sport. | [
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Sylow theorems | Théorèmes de Sylow | In mathematics, specifically in the field of finite group theory, the Sylow theorems are a collection of theorems named after the Norwegian mathematician Peter Ludwig Sylow (1872) that give detailed information about the number of subgroups of fixed order that a given finite group contains. The Sylow theorems form a fundamental part of finite group theory and have very important applications in the classification of finite simple groups. | En théorie des groupes finis, les théorèmes de Sylow forment une réciproque partielle du théorème de Lagrange, d'après lequel, si "H" est sous-groupe d'un groupe fini "G", alors l'ordre de "H" divise l'ordre de "G". Ces théorèmes garantissent, pour certains diviseurs de l'ordre de "G", l'existence de sous-groupes d'ordre égal à ces diviseurs, et donnent une information sur le nombre de ces sous-groupes. | [
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Fundamental interaction | Interaction élémentaire | In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions. There are four fundamental interactions known to exist: the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions, which produce significant long-range forces whose effects can be seen directly in everyday life, and the strong and weak interactions, which produce forces at minuscule, subatomic distances and govern nuclear interactions. Some scientists hypothesize that a fifth force might exist, but these hypotheses remain speculative. | Quatre interactions élémentaires sont responsables de tous les phénomènes physiques observés dans l'Univers, chacune se manifestant par une force dite force fondamentale. Ce sont : | [
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Ignazio Silone | Ignazio Silone | Secondino Tranquilli (1 May 1900 – 22 August 1978), known by the pseudonym Ignazio Silone (, ), was an Italian political leader, novelist, and short-story writer, world-famous during World War II for his powerful anti-Fascist novels. He was nominated for the Nobel prize for literature ten times. | Ignazio Silone, pseudonyme de Secondo Tranquilli, né le à Pescina, dans les Abruzzes et mort le à Genève en Suisse, est un homme politique et écrivain italien du. | [
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Bay mud | Slikke | Bay mud consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated silty clay, which is saturated with water; these soil layers are situated at the bottom of certain estuaries, which are normally in temperate regions that have experienced cyclical glacial cycles. Example locations are Cape Cod Bay, Chongming Dongtan Reserve in Shanghai, China, Banc d'Arguinpreserve in Mauritania, The Bristol Channel in the United Kingdom, Mandø Island in the Wadden Sea in Denmark, Florida Bay, San Francisco Bay, Bay of Fundy, Casco Bay, Penobscot Bay, and Morro Bay. Bay mud manifests low shear strength, high compressibility and low permeability, making it hazardous to build upon in seismically active regions like the San Francisco Bay Area. | La slikke est l'une des zones caractéristiques des vasières de l'estran ; ces vasières étant caractérisées par deux milieux biologiquement très différents : le schorre en amont, la slikke en aval, des vasières littorales. La slikke est donc la partie inférieure de l'estran, celle qui est la plus souvent inondée ; à chaque marée haute, même de morte eau. | [
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Salt marsh | Schorre | A salt marsh or saltmarsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is dominated by dense stands of salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs. These plants are terrestrial in origin and are essential to the stability of the salt marsh in trapping and binding sediments. Salt marshes play a large role in the aquatic food web and the delivery of nutrients to coastal waters. They also support terrestrial animals and provide coastal protection. | Un schorre ou pré-salé est une étendue naturelle plane à végétation basse située à proximité du bord de mer, inondée par les eaux salées uniquement lors des hautes marées. Il correspond à la partie de l'estran qui va de la partie supérieure de l'étage médiolittoral à la partie inférieure de l'étage supralittoral et forme ainsi la frange haute des marais maritimes. Les schorres se développent en amont de la zone de vasière littorale qui reste généralement nue en région tempérée (la slikke) ou qui est colonisée par des palétuviers en région tropicale (la mangrove). | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Jan Ullrich | Jan Ullrich | Jan Ullrich (); born 2 December 1973) is a German former professional road bicycle racer. Ullrich won gold and silver medals in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He won the 1999 Vuelta a España and the HEW Cyclassics in front of a home crowd in Hamburg in 1997. He had podium finishes in the hilly classic Clásica de San Sebastián. His victorious ride in the 1997 Tour de France led to a bicycle boom in Germany. He retired in February 2007. | Jan Ullrich (né le à Rostock) est un ancien coureur cycliste allemand. Professionnel de 1995 à 2006, il est le premier et à ce jour le seul Allemand à avoir remporté le Tour de France (1997). Il est présenté comme le grand rival du septuple vainqueur déchu du Tour de France, Lance Armstrong. À trois reprises (2000, 2001 et 2003), il s'est classé deuxième derrière ce dernier. Ces places d'honneur s'ajoutent à celles acquises en 1996 et 1998 () et à la dernière acquise en 2005 () qui lui sera finalement retirée par le TAS le. Avec ces six podiums en huit participations à la grande boucle, Jan Ullrich figure au quatrième rang du plus grand nombre de podiums sur cette course. | [
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Primo Levi | Primo Levi | Primo Michele Levi (; 31 July 1919 – 11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist, partisan, Holocaust survivor and writer. He was the author of several books, novels, collections of short stories, essays, and poems. His best-known works include "If This Is a Man" (1947, published as "Survival in Auschwitz" in the United States), his account of the year he spent as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp in Nazi-occupied Poland; and "The Periodic Table" (1975), linked to qualities of the elements, which the Royal Institution named the best science book ever written. | Primo Levi, né le à Turin et mort le à Turin, est un écrivain et docteur en chimie italien rendu célèbre par son livre "Si c'est un homme", dans lequel il relate son emprisonnement au cours de l'année 1944 dans le camp de concentration et d'extermination d'Auschwitz-Monowitz. | [
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Uraeus | Uræus | The Uraeus (; plural Uraei or Uraeuses; from the Greek, "ouraîos", "on its tail"; from Egyptian'('), "rearing cobra") is the stylized, upright form of an Egyptian cobra, used as a symbol of sovereignty, royalty, deity and divine authority in ancient Egypt. | Dans l'antiquité égyptienne, l'uræus (prononciation : []) est le cobra femelle qui a pour fonction de protéger le pharaon contre ses ennemis. C'est également une puissante déesse, principalement incarnée par Ouadjet (cobra de Bouto). La déesse Ouret-Hékaou (serpent, ou lionne) la personnifie aussi. | [
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Leonardo Sciascia | Leonardo Sciascia | Leonardo Sciascia (; 8 January 1921 – 20 November 1989) was an Italian writer, novelist, essayist, playwright, and politician. Some of his works have been made into films, including "Porte Aperte" (1990; "Open Doors"), "Cadaveri Eccellenti" (1976; Illustrious Corpses), and "Il giorno della civetta" (1968; "The Day of the Owl"). | Leonardo Sciascia (), né le à Racalmuto, dans la province d'Agrigente en Sicile, et mort le à Palerme, est un écrivain, essayiste, journaliste et homme politique italien. | [
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Jacques Anquetil | Jacques Anquetil | Jacques Anquetil (; 8 January 1934 – 18 November 1987) was a French road racing cyclist and the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times, in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964. | Jacques Anquetil, né le à Mont-Saint-Aignan (Seine-Inférieure) et mort le à Rouen, est un coureur cycliste français. Professionnel de 1953 à 1969, il est considéré comme l'un des plus grands coureurs de l'histoire du cyclisme et possède l'un des palmarès les plus riches de son sport. | [
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Leukemia | Leucémie | Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called "blasts" or "leukemia cells". Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, feeling tired, fever, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy. The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. A combination of genetic factors and environmental (non-inherited) factors are believed to play a role. Risk factors include smoking, ionizing radiation, some chemicals (such as benzene), prior chemotherapy, and Down syndrome. People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk. There are four main types of leukemia—acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—as well as a number of less common types. Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Treatment may involve some combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and bone marrow transplant, in addition to supportive care and palliative care as needed. Certain types of leukemia may be managed with watchful waiting. The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. Five-year survival rate is 57% in the United States. In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is greater than 60 to 90%, depending on the type of leukemia. In children with acute leukemia who are cancer-free after five years, the cancer is unlikely to return. In 2015, leukemia was present in 2.3 million people worldwide and caused 353,500 deaths. In 2012 it newly developed in 352,000 people. It is the most common type of cancer in children, with three-quarters of leukemia cases in children being the acute lymphoblastic type. However, over 90% of all leukemias are diagnosed in adults, with CLL and AML being most common in adults. It occurs more commonly in the developed world. | La leucémie (du grec "leukos", blanc, et "haima", sang) est un cancer des cellules de la moelle osseuse (les cellules de la moelle produisent les cellules sanguines, d'où le terme parfois utilisé de "cancer du sang"), faisant partie des hémopathies malignes. | [
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Saint | Saint | A saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness or closeness to God. However, the use of the term "saint" depends on the context and denomination. In Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, Oriental Orthodox, and Lutheran doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation; official ecclesiastical recognition, and consequently veneration, is given to some saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church. | Les saints sont des hommes ou des femmes distingués par différentes religions pour leur élévation spirituelle et proposés aux croyants comme modèles de vie en raison d'un trait de personnalité ou d'un comportement réputé exemplaire. Certains de ces saints peuvent être qualifiés de « martyrs » (« témoins »), lorsqu'ils ont payé de leur vie leur attachement à leur foi. | [
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Carlo Collodi | Carlo Collodi | Carlo Lorenzini (24 November 1826 – 26 October 1890), better known by the pen name Carlo Collodi (), was an Italian author, humorist, and journalist, widely known for his fairy tale novel "The Adventures of Pinocchio". | Carlo Lorenzini (Florence, - ibidem, ), est un journaliste et écrivain italien. Critique dramatique en complément de son métier de fonctionnaire affecté à la censure, il est l'auteur, sous le pseudonyme de Carlo Collodi, du chef-d'œuvre mondial de la littérature enfantine "Les Aventures de Pinocchio". | [
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Arthur Machen | Arthur Machen | Arthur Machen (; 3 March 1863 – 15 December 1947) was the pen-name of Arthur Llewellyn Jones, a Welsh author and mystic of the 1890s and early 20th century. He is best known for his influential supernatural, fantasy, and horror fiction. His novella "The Great God Pan" (1890; 1894) has garnered a reputation as a classic of horror, with Stephen King describing it as "Maybe the best [horror story] in the English language." He is also well known for "The Bowmen", a short story that was widely read as fact, creating the legend of the Angels of Mons. | Arthur Llewelyn Jones, dit Arthur Machen, né le à Caerleon dans la commune de Newport au Pays de Galles et mort le à Beaconsfield en Angleterre, est un écrivain britannique. Son œuvre se rattache à la littérature fantastique. | [
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Curzio Malaparte | Curzio Malaparte | Curzio Malaparte (; 9 June 1898 – 19 July 1957), born Curt Erich Suckert, was an Italian writer, film-maker, war correspondent and diplomat. Malaparte is best known outside Italy due to his works "Kaputt" (1944) and "La pelle" (1949). The former is a semi-fictionalised account of the Eastern Front during the Second World War and the latter is an account focusing on morality in the immediate post-war period of Naples (it was placed on the "Index Librorum Prohibitorum"). | Curzio Malaparte, né Curt Erich Suckert, né le à Prato en Toscane et mort le à Rome, est un écrivain, cinéaste, journaliste, correspondant de guerre et diplomate italien. | [
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Umberto Saba | Umberto Saba | Umberto Saba (9 March 1883 – 26 August 1957) was an Italian poet and novelist, born Umberto Poli in the cosmopolitan Mediterranean port of Trieste when it was the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Poli assumed the "nom de plume" "Saba" in 1910, and his name was officially changed to Umberto Saba in 1928. From 1919 he was the proprietor of an antiquarian bookshop in Trieste. He suffered from depression for all of his adult life. | Umberto Saba, pseudonyme d'Umberto Poli, né le à Trieste, alors sous l'Empire austro-hongrois, et mort le à Gorizia, en Italie, était un écrivain et poète italien de la première moitié du. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Charles Nicolle | Charles Nicolle | Charles Jules Henry Nicolle (21 September 1866 Rouen – 28 February 1936 Tunis) was a French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus. | Charles Jules Henri Nicolle ( à Rouen (France) – à Tunis ( protectorat français de Tunisie) est un médecin et microbiologiste français. | [
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Red Sea | Mer Rouge | The Red Sea (, Hebrew: Yam Soof ים סוף) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Arabia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion. The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley. | La mer Rouge (arabe : البحر الأحمر "al-Bahr al-Ahmar", en Tamazight Azgwagh ⴰⵣⴳⵡⴰⵖ hébreu ים סוף "Yam Souph") est une mer intracontinentale du bassin Indo-Pacifique entre l’Afrique du Nord et le Moyen-Orient d’une superficie d’environ. C'est une mer d'une grande importance stratégique et commerciale qui permet aux navigateurs en provenance de la mer Méditerranée et à destination de l'océan Indien, ou vice-versa, de ne pas être contraints de faire le tour de l'Afrique. | [
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James Gosling | James Gosling | James Arthur Gosling, often referred to as "Dr. Java", OC (born May 19, 1955) is a Canadian computer scientist, best known as the founder and lead designer behind the Java programming language. | James Gosling (né le près de Calgary en Alberta au Canada) est un informaticien canadien. Il est surtout connu comme le concepteur du langage de programmation Java. | [
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Maya (religion) | Maya (sanskrit) | Maya (; Devanagari:, IAST: "māyā"), literally "illusion" or "magic", has multiple meanings in Indian philosophies depending on the context. In ancient Vedic literature, Māyā literally implies extraordinary power and wisdom. In later Vedic texts and modern literature dedicated to Indian traditions, Māyā connotes a "magic show, an illusion where things appear to be present but are not what they seem". Māyā is also a spiritual concept connoting "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal", and the "power or the principle that conceals the true character of spiritual reality". | Māyā (devanāgarī : माया) est un terme sanskrit qui a plusieurs sens dans les religions indiennes. Māyā est le pouvoir de dieu de créer, perpétuant l'illusion de la dualité dans l'univers phénoménal ; elle est aussi la nature illusoire du monde. Pour les mystiques indiens, cette manifestation est réelle, mais c'est une réalité insaisissable. Ce serait une erreur, mais une erreur naturelle, de la considérer comme une vérité ou une réalité fondamentale. Chaque personne, chaque objet physique, du point de vue de l'éternité, n'est qu'une goutte d'eau d'un océan sans limites. Le but de l'éveil spirituel est de le comprendre, plus précisément de faire l'expérience de la fausse dichotomie, du mirage de la Māyā afin de la transcender, de passer son voile et de réaliser que l'Âtman c'est-à-dire le soi et l'univers, le Brahman ne font qu'un. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Scott McNealy | Scott McNealy | Scott McNealy (born November 13, 1954) is an American businessman. He is most famous for co-founding the computer technology company Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy, and Andy Bechtolsheim. In 2004, while still at Sun, McNealy founded Curriki, a free online education service. In 2011, he co-founded Wayin, a social intelligence and visualization company based in Denver. McNealy stepped down from his position as CEO of Wayin in 2016. | Scott McNealy (né le à Columbus dans l'Indiana) était le PDG de Sun Microsystems, la société qu'il a cofondée en 1982 avec Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy, et Andy Bechtolsheim. Après 22 années au poste de PDG, il a passé la main le, remplacé par Jonathan Schwartz. | [
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Tour de France | Tour de France | The Tour de France () is an annual men's multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours (the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España), it consists of 21 day-long stages over the course of 23 days. It has been described as "the world’s most prestigious and most difficult bicycle race." | Le Tour de France est une compétition cycliste par étapes masculine qui traverse la France avec des incursions occasionnelles dans les pays voisins. Sa première édition a lieu en 1903 pour augmenter les ventes du journal "L'Auto", organisée par Henri Desgrange et Géo Lefèvre. Depuis, la course a lieu chaque année, excepté lors des deux guerres mondiales. Souvent appelé « le Tour » tout court, ou « la Grande Boucle », il gagne en importance et en popularité au fil des éditions, sa durée est allongée et sa portée s'étend dans le monde entier. La participation s'élargit, on passe d'un peloton principalement français les premières années, à des éditions comptant jusqu'à 40 nationalités. Il est actuellement organisé par ASO (Groupe Amaury). | [
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Clive Sinclair | Clive Sinclair | Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (born 30 July 1940) is an English entrepreneur and inventor, most commonly known for his work in consumer electronics in the late 1970s and early 1980s. | Clive Sinclair (né le ) est un entrepreneur et inventeur britannique. Il fonda "Sinclair Radionics" en 1961. La société était alors un fabricant de matériel de radio. | [
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Eugenio Montale | Eugenio Montale | Eugenio Montale (; 12 October 1896 – 12 September 1981) was an Italian poet, prose writer, editor and translator, and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature.. | Eugenio Montale est un poète italien né à Gênes le et mort à Milan le. Il a reçu le prix Nobel de littérature en 1975. | [
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Nolan Bushnell | Nolan Bushnell | Nolan Kay Bushnell (born February 5, 1943) is an American businessman and electrical engineer. He established Atari, Inc. and the Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre chain. Bushnell has been inducted into the Video Game Hall of Fame and the Consumer Electronics Association Hall of Fame, received the BAFTA Fellowship and the Nations Restaurant News "Innovator of the Year" award, and was named one of "Newsweek"s "50 Men Who Changed America." Bushnell has started more than twenty companies and is one of the founding fathers of the video game industry. He is on the board of Anti-Aging Games. In 2012 he founded an educational software company called Brainrush, that is using video game technology in educational software. | Nolan Bushnell, né le à Clearfield dans l'Utah, est un pionnier de l'industrie du jeu vidéo aux États-Unis. Il est le concepteur de "Pong" et le fondateur d'Atari. | [
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École normale supérieure de Lyon | École normale supérieure de Lyon | The École normale supérieure de Lyon (also known as ENS de Lyon, ENSL or Normale Sup' Lyon) is a French public graduate school. Like its counterparts, this grande école is devoted to research and education, training teachers, professors, scientists and some public administrators. | L’École normale supérieure de Lyon (ou ENS de Lyon) est une grande école scientifique et littéraire française, l'une des quatre écoles normales supérieures. Elle forme à l'enseignement et à la recherche dans le domaine des sciences fondamentales et expérimentales ainsi que dans celui des lettres et sciences humaines. Originellement créée pour former exclusivement ses élèves-fonctionnaires ou normaliens, recrutés sur concours, l'ENS forme aujourd'hui également des étudiants-normaliens non rémunérés, des auditeurs et des étudiants étrangers. L'École accueille environ,, et un nombre important de laboratoires et de centres de recherches, répartis en dix départements. Référence dans l'enseignement supérieur français, elle est un centre de recherche important, et l'un des centres essentiels de formation des chercheurs français depuis le, notamment, par son histoire, dans les domaines de la pédagogie et de l'éducation. | [
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