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Real analysis | Analyse réelle | In mathematics, real analysis is the branch of mathematical analysis that studies the behavior of real numbers, sequences and series of real numbers, and real functions. Some particular properties of real-valued sequences and functions that real analysis studies include convergence, limits, continuity, smoothness, differentiability and integrability. | L'analyse réelle est la branche de l'analyse qui étudie les ensembles de réels et les fonctions de variables réelles. Elle étudie des concepts comme les suites et leurs limites, la continuité, la dérivation, l'intégration et les suites de fonctions. | [
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Sax Rohmer | Sax Rohmer | Arthur Henry "Sarsfield" Ward (15 February 1883 – 1 June 1959), better known as Sax Rohmer, was a prolific English novelist. He is best remembered for his series of novels featuring the master criminal Dr. Fu Manchu. | Sax Rohmer, de son vrai nom Arthur Henry Sarsfield Ward, né le à Birmingham et mort le à Londres, est un romancier britannique. On lui doit en particulier une série de romans mettant en scène le génie du crime Fu Manchu. | [
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Monarchism | Monarchisme | Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independent of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism. | Le monarchisme est une doctrine politique qui prône la monarchie, c’est-à-dire une forme de gouvernement dans laquelle une seule personne fonde l'autorité de l'État. Le mode de désignation du monarque n'est pas nécessairement héréditaire : il peut dans de rares cas être élu, comme les empereurs du Saint-Empire romain germanique, les doges de la république de Venise ou (encore actuellement) les papes de l'Église catholique romaine. | [
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Landscape with the Fall of Icarus | La Chute d'Icare | Landscape with the Fall of Icarus is a painting in oil on canvas measuring in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels. It was long thought to be by the leading painter of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, Pieter Bruegel the Elder. However, following technical examinations in 1996 of the painting hanging in the Brussels museum, that attribution is regarded as very doubtful, and the painting, perhaps painted in the 1560s, is now usually seen as a good early copy by an unknown artist of Bruegel's lost original, perhaps from about 1558. According to the museum: "It is doubtful the execution is by Bruegel the Elder, but the composition can be said with certainty to be his", although recent technical research has re-opened the question. | La Chute d'Icare est un tableau de Pieter Brueghel l'Ancien dont l'original a disparu et dont il existe deux copies exposées à Bruxelles, l'une dans la collection du musée van Buuren et l'autre dans celle des Musées royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique. | [
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Fundamental theorem of calculus | Théorème fondamental de l'analyse | The fundamental theorem of calculus is a theorem that links the concept of differentiating a function with the concept of integrating a function. | En mathématiques, le théorème fondamental de l'analyse (ou théorème fondamental du calcul différentiel et intégral) établit que les deux opérations de base de l'analyse, la dérivation et l'intégration, sont, dans une certaine mesure, réciproques l'une de l'autre. Il est constitué de deux familles d'énoncés (plus ou moins généraux selon les versions, et dépendant de la théorie de l'intégration choisie) : (La numérotation est inverse dans certains ouvrages.) | [
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Grzegorz Rosiński | Grzegorz Rosiński | Grzegorz Rosiński (born 3 August 1941) is a Polish comic book artist. He is best known for providing the artwork for the series "Thorgal". | Grzegorz Rosiński, né le à Stalowa Wola, en Pologne, anciennement surnommé Rosek, est un dessinateur de bande dessinée polonais. Il vit en Suisse dans le canton du Valais. | [
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James Ensor | James Ensor | James Sidney Edouard, Baron Ensor (13 April 1860 – 19 November 1949) was a Belgian painter and printmaker, an important influence on expressionism and surrealism who lived in Ostend for most of his life. He was associated with the artistic group Les XX. | James Ensor, né le à Ostende (Belgique) et mort dans cette ville le, est un artiste peintre, graveur et un anarchiste belge. | [
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Ammeter | Ampèremètre | An ammeter (from Ampere Meter) is a measuring instrument used to measure the current in a circuit. Electric currents are measured in amperes (A), hence the name. Instruments used to measure smaller currents, in the milliampere or microampere range, are designated as "milliammeters" or "microammeters". Early ammeters were laboratory instruments which relied on the Earth's magnetic field for operation. By the late 19th century, improved instruments were designed which could be mounted in any position and allowed accurate measurements in electric power systems. It is generally represented by letter 'A' in a circuit. | Un ampèremètre est un appareil de mesure de l'intensité d'un courant électrique dans un circuit. L'unité de mesure de l'intensité est l'ampère, symbole : A. | [
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Girl with a Pearl Earring | La Jeune Fille à la perle | Girl with a Pearl Earring () is an oil painting by Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer, dated 1665. Going by various names over the centuries, it became known by its present title towards the end of the 20th century after the large pearl earring worn by the girl portrayed there. The work has been in the collection of the Mauritshuis in The Hague since 1902 and has been the subject of various literary treatments. In 2006, the Dutch public selected it as the most beautiful painting in the Netherlands. | La Jeune Fille à la perle (en ) est une peinture à l'huile sur toile réalisée par le peintre néerlandais Johannes Vermeer vers 1665. Ce tableau de moyenne dimension est un portrait en buste d'une jeune femme anonyme portant une perle à l'oreille ainsi qu'un turban sur la tête. Pour sa composition et son sujet proches de l'œuvre de Léonard de Vinci, on la surnomme aussi la « Joconde du Nord ». | [
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Guarani language | Guarani (langue) | Guarani () specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guarani ( "the people's language"), is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani family of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish), where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and where half of the rural population is monolingual. It is spoken by communities in neighboring countries, including parts of northeastern Argentina, southeastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, and is a second official language of the Argentine province of Corrientes since 2004; it is also an official language of Mercosur. | Le guarani (autonyme : ; ) est une langue amérindienne agglutinante de la famille tupi-guarani parlée au Paraguay – où elle a un statut coofficiel avec l'espagnol –, dans le nord de l'Argentine, dans l'est de la Bolivie, dans le sud et le nord-est du Brésil. On estime qu'il y a cinq millions de personnes qui parlent le guarani. Il est la langue des peuples guaranis. | [
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Richard II of England | Richard II | Richard II (6 January 1367 – c. 14 February 1400), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard's father, Edward, Prince of Wales, died in 1376, leaving Richard as heir apparent to his grandfather, King Edward III. Upon the death of Edward III, the 10-year-old Richard succeeded to the throne. | Richard II (, Bordeaux –, château de Pontefract, Angleterre), duc de Cornouailles, est le huitième roi d’Angleterre de la dynastie des Plantagenêt. Il règne de 1377 à sa destitution en 1399, dans une période de grande instabilité au sein de la guerre de Cent Ans. L’Europe est divisée par le Grand Schisme d'Occident et les grandes nations détournent à leur profit le financement des par les deux papes, soutenant ainsi leurs intérêts aux Pays-Bas, en Italie ou en Espagne. Le discrédit jeté sur la papauté permet aux prédicateurs lollards de diffuser les idées égalitaires et réformistes de John Wyclif à travers l’Angleterre. La bourgeoisie ou la paysannerie aisée n’hésitent pas à remettre en cause le pouvoir royal et à contester l’impôt au parlement et même dans la rue. L’influence de puissants princes comme Jean de Gand ou Philippe le Hardi essaye de contrebalancer celle des rois, ce qui conduit les royaumes de France et d’Angleterre vers la guerre civile. | [
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Deus Ex (video game) | Deus Ex (jeu vidéo) | Deus Ex is a 2000 action role-playing video game developed by Ion Storm and published by Eidos Interactive. Set in a cyberpunk-themed dystopian world in the year 2052, the game follows JC Denton, an agent of the fictional agency United Nations Anti-Terrorist Coalition (UNATCO), who is given superhuman abilities by nanotechnology, as he sets out to combat hostile forces in a world ravaged by inequality and a deadly plague. His missions entangle him in a conspiracy that brings him into conflict with the Triads, Majestic 12, and the Illuminati. | Deus Ex (parfois abrégé DX) est un jeu vidéo alliant la jouabilité d'un jeu de tir à la première personne avec les possibilités d'évolution d'un personnage et la liberté d'action propres au jeu de rôle. Développé par Ion Storm Austin et édité par Eidos Interactive en 2000, le jeu est sorti sur Windows et Mac OS ; en 2002, il a été adapté sur PlayStation 2 et renommé en "" en dehors d'Europe. Le 16 mai 2012, Square Enix a annoncé un portage sur le PlayStation Network, dans la catégorie « Classique PS2 ». | [
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Period (periodic table) | Période du tableau périodique | A period in the periodic table is a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor. Arranged this way, groups of elements in the same column have similar chemical and physical properties, reflecting the periodic law. For example, the halogens lie in the second-last column (group 17) and share similar properties, such as high reactivity and the tendency to gain one electron to arrive at a noble-gas electronic configuration., a total of 118 elements have been discovered and confirmed. Modern quantum mechanics explains these periodic trends in properties in terms of electron shells. As atomic number increases, shells fill with electrons in approximately the order shown at right. The filling of each shell corresponds to a row in the table. | Dans le tableau périodique des éléments, une période est une ligne de la table. Les éléments chimiques d'une même période ont le même nombre de couches électroniques. Sept périodes contiennent les éléments observés à ce jour, et une huitième période hypothétique a été décrite. | [
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Edgar P. Jacobs | Edgar P. Jacobs | Edgard Félix Pierre Jacobs (30 March 1904 – 20 February 1987), better known under his pen name Edgar P. Jacobs, was a Belgian comic book creator (writer and artist), born in Brussels, Belgium. He was one of the founding fathers of the European comics movement, through his collaborations with Hergé and the graphic novel series that made him famous, "Blake and Mortimer". | Edgard Félix Pierre Jacob, plus connu sous le nom d'Edgar P. Jacobs, né le à Bruxelles et mort le à Lasne (Belgique), est un auteur de bande dessinée belge, connu pour la série "Blake et Mortimer". | [
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High-bit-rate digital subscriber line | High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line | High-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL) is a telecommunications protocol standardized in 1994. It was the first digital subscriber line (DSL) technology to use a higher frequency spectrum over copper, twisted pair cables. HDSL was developed to transport DS1 services at 1.544 Mbit/s and 2.048 Mbit/s over telephone local loops without a need for repeaters. Successor technology to HDSL includes HDSL2 and HDSL4, proprietary SDSL, and G.SHDSL. | HDSL (pour soit "Ligne d'abonné numérique à haut débit" en français) est une technologie xDSL utilisant un code en ligne « 2B1Q », (famille d'ADSL). | [
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Oolite | Oolithe | Oolite or oölite ("egg stone") is a sedimentary rock formed from ooids, spherical grains composed of concentric layers. The name derives from the Ancient Greek word "ᾠόν" for egg. Strictly, oolites consist of ooids of diameter 0.25–2 millimetres; rocks composed of ooids larger than 2 mm are called pisolites. The term "oolith" can refer to oolite or individual ooids. | On nomme oolithe ou oolite (du grec "ôon" signifiant œuf et "lithos" signifiant pierre) une concrétion géologique de petites structures minérales sphériques régulières (ooïde), constituées, lors d'un processus particulier de sédimentation, en concentriques. Ce terme est réservé aux grains mesurant de 0,5 à (les grains plus gros sont nommés pisolithes). | [
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Theseus | Thésée | Theseus (, ; ) was the mythical king and founder-hero of Athens. Like Perseus, Cadmus, or Heracles, Theseus battled and overcame foes that were identified with an archaic religious and social order. His role in history has been called "a major cultural transition, like the making of the new Olympia by Hercules." | Dans la mythologie grecque, Thésée (en grec ancien / ) est un héros de l'Attique, fils d'Égée (ou de Poséidon) et d'Éthra. Son nom proviendrait de la même racine que / "thesmós", en grec « institution ». | [
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Étaples | Étaples | Étaples or Étaples-sur-Mer (; Dutch: "Stapel") is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. It is a fishing and leisure port on the Canche river. | Étaples (parfois appelée "Étaples-sur-Mer") est une commune française située dans le département du Pas-de-Calais en région Hauts-de-France. C'est un port de pêche et de plaisance. | [
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Battle of Agincourt | Bataille d'Azincourt | The Battle of Agincourt (; ) was one of the English victories in the Hundred Years' War. It took place on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day) near Azincourt, in Northern France. England's unexpected victory against the numerically superior French army boosted English morale and prestige, crippled France, and started a new period of English dominance in the war. | La bataille d'Azincourt (en anglais : "") se déroule le pendant la guerre de Cent Ans. Les troupes françaises, fortes d'environ, tentent de barrer la route à l'armée du roi d'Angleterre, forte d'environ et qui tente de regagner Calais, devenue anglaise depuis 1347. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Bollywood | Bollywood | Hindi cinema, often known as Bollywood and formerly as "Bombay cinema", is the Indian Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai (formerly Bombay). The term is a portmanteau of "Bombay" and "Hollywood". The industry is related to Cinema of South India and other Indian film industries, making up Indian Cinema—the world's largest by number of feature films produced. | Bollywood (बॉलीवुड) est le nom donné à l'industrie du cinéma musical indien basée à Mumbai (anciennement Bombay), dont les films sont réalisés en hindi. Elle est l'industrie régionale la plus importante du cinéma indien en nombre de films réalisés. Ceux-ci, diffusés dans la majeure partie de l'Inde, s’exportent dans le monde entier, notamment en Asie du Sud-Est, en Afrique du Nord et au Moyen-Orient. | [
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AppleTalk | AppleTalk | AppleTalk is a discontinued proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh computers. AppleTalk includes a number of features that allow local area networks to be connected with no prior setup or the need for a centralized router or server of any sort. Connected AppleTalk-equipped systems automatically assign addresses, update the distributed namespace, and configure any required inter-networking routing. | Utilisé jusqu'à la version Mac OS X 10.5.x du système d'exploitation, il a disparu dans Mac OS X 10.6. Le protocole TCP/IP et la technologie Bonjour ont définitivement pris le relais. | [
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Flag of Ukraine | Drapeau de l'Ukraine | The flag of Ukraine is a banner of two equally sized horizontal bands of blue and yellow (Constitution of Ukraine, ). The top represents sky and the yellow represents wheat. The combination of blue and yellow as a symbol of Ukrainian lands comes from the flag of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia used in the 12th century. As a national flag, the blue and yellow bicolour has been officially used since the 1848 Spring of Nations, when it was hoisted over the Lviv Rathaus. It was officially adopted as a state flag for the first time in 1918 by the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic and subsequently used by the Ukrainian People's Republic. When Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union, the flag was outlawed and, before 1949, there was no official state flag until adoption of the red-azure flag of the Ukrainian SSR. The blue and yellow flag was provisionally adopted for official ceremonies in September 1991 following Ukrainian independence, before finally officially being restored on 28 January 1992 by the parliament of Ukraine. | Le drapeau de l'Ukraine, un emblème de l'État ukrainien, est défini par l'article 20 - alinéa 1 de la constitution de l'Ukraine comme deux lignes horizontales d'égale hauteur, de couleur bleue et jaune. Les deux couleurs sont utilisées depuis longtemps comme bannière par le peuple ukrainien. Adoptées en 1918, lors de la première indépendance ukrainienne par la République populaire ukrainienne. Il est de nouveau le drapeau officiel de l'Ukraine depuis l'indépendance à la suite de la dislocation de l'Union soviétique en 1991. | [
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Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis | Montreuil (Seine-Saint-Denis) | Montreuil (), sometimes unofficially called Montreuil-sous-Bois, is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. It is the fourth most populous suburb of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt, Saint-Denis and Argenteuil). Montreuil is located near the Bois de Vincennes park. | Montreuil, qui fut également appelée Montreuil-sous-Bois, est une commune française située dans le département de la Seine-Saint-Denis dans la Métropole du Grand Paris, en région Île-de-France. | [
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Roger Zelazny | Roger Zelazny | Roger Joseph Zelazny (May 13, 1937 – June 14, 1995) was an American poet and writer of fantasy and science fiction short stories and novels, best known for "The Chronicles of Amber". He won the Nebula Award three times (out of 14 nominations) and the Hugo Award six times (also out of 14 nominations), including two Hugos for novels: the serialized novel "...And Call Me Conrad" (1965), subsequently published under the title "This Immortal" (1966) and then the novel "Lord of Light" (1967). | Roger Joseph Zelazny, né le à Euclid dans l'Ohio et mort le à Santa Fe au Nouveau-Mexique, est un auteur de romans fantastiques et de science-fiction. Il a obtenu durant sa carrière six prix Hugo (pour quatorze nominations) et trois prix Nebula (pour quatorze nominations également). | [
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H. P. Lovecraft | H. P. Lovecraft | Howard Phillips Lovecraft (; August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American writer of weird fiction and horror fiction, who is known for his creation of what became the Cthulhu Mythos. | Howard Phillips Lovecraft, né le à Providence (Rhode Island) et mort le dans la même ville, est un écrivain américain connu pour ses récits fantastiques, d'horreur et de science-fiction. | [
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Jean-Patrick Manchette | Jean-Patrick Manchette | Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. | Jean-Patrick Manchette, né le à Marseille, mort le à Paris, est un écrivain français, auteur de romans policiers, critique littéraire et de cinéma, scénariste et dialoguiste de cinéma, et traducteur. Reconnu comme l'un des auteurs les plus marquants du polar français des années 1970-1980, il est également connu pour ses opinions d'extrême gauche, proches de l'Internationale situationniste. Sur la couverture de la plupart de ses ouvrages, il est crédité en tant que "J.P. Manchette", ou "J-P Manchette". | [
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Internet troll | Troll (Internet) | In internet slang, a troll is a person who starts flame wars or upsets people on the Internet by posting inflammatory and digressive, extraneous, or off-topic messages in an online community (such as a newsgroup, forum, chat room, or blog) with the intent of provoking readers into displaying emotional responses and normalizing tangential discussion, either for the troll's amusement or a specific gain. | En argot Internet, un troll caractérise un individu ou un comportement qui vise à générer des polémiques. Il peut s'agir d'un message (par exemple sur un forum), d'un débat conflictuel dans son ensemble ou plus couramment de la personne qui en est à l'origine. Ainsi, on désigne sous le néologisme troller le fait de créer artificiellement une controverse qui focalise l'attention, aux dépens des échanges et de l'équilibre habituel de la communauté. | [
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Whale | Baleine | Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. They are an informal grouping within the infraorder Cetacea, usually excluding dolphins and porpoises. Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the order Cetartiodactyla, which consists of even-toed ungulates. Their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged about 40 million years ago. The two parvorders of whales, baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti), are thought to have split apart around 34 million years ago. Whales consist of eight extant families: Balaenopteridae (the rorquals), Balaenidae (right whales), Cetotheriidae (the pygmy right whale), Eschrichtiidae (the grey whale), Monodontidae (belugas and narwhals), Physeteridae (the sperm whale), Kogiidae (the dwarf and pygmy sperm whale), and Ziphiidae (the beaked whales). | En zoologie, le terme baleine (du grec ancien "", phálaina, « baleine ») désigne certains mammifères marins de grande taille classés dans l'ordre des Cétacés. | [
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Kitty Hawk, North Carolina | Kitty Hawk | Kitty Hawk is a town in Dare County, North Carolina, and is a part of what is known as North Carolina's Outer Banks. The population was 3,272 at the 2010 Census. It was established in the early 18th century as Chickahawk. | Kitty Hawk est une ville de Caroline du Nord du comté de Dare aux États-Unis. Elle comptait en 2005. C'est dans cette ville, que le a été réalisé le premier vol contrôlé d'un avion, le "Flyer", piloté par Orville Wright. | [
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Radon | Radon | Radon is a chemical element with the symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas. It occurs naturally in minute quantities as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead and various other short-lived radioactive elements; radon itself is the immediate decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, Rn, has a half-life of only 3.8 days, making radon one of the rarest elements since it decays away so quickly. However, since thorium and uranium are two of the most common radioactive elements on Earth, and they have three isotopes with very long half-lives, on the order of several billions of years, radon will be present on Earth long into the future in spite of its short half-life as it is continually being generated. The decay of radon produces many other short-lived nuclides known as radon daughters, ending at stable isotopes of lead. | Le radon est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 86, de symbole Rn. C'est un gaz noble (ou gaz rare) radioactif, incolore, inodore et d'origine le plus souvent naturelle. C'est l'une des substances les plus denses capables de persister sous forme de gaz dans les conditions normales de température et de pression. | [
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Syllogism | Syllogisme | A syllogism ( "syllogismos", "conclusion, inference") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. | En logique, le syllogisme est un raisonnement logique mettant en relation au moins trois propositions : deux ou plus d'entre elles, appelées « prémisses », conduisent à une « conclusion ». Aristote a été le premier à le formaliser dans son "Organon". Ces propositions sont généralement exprimées avec uniquement des prédicats unaires et relèvent donc de la logique monadique du premier ordre. | [
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Soybean | Soja | The soybean or soya bean ("Glycine max") is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. | Le soja, nommé soya au Canada (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), est une espèce de plante annuelle de la famille des légumineuses ("Fabaceae"), originaire d'Asie orientale. | [
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Main sequence | Séquence principale | In astronomy, the main sequence is a continuous and distinctive band of stars that appears on plots of stellar color versus brightness. These color-magnitude plots are known as Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams after their co-developers, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell. Stars on this band are known as main-sequence stars or dwarf stars. These are the most numerous true stars in the universe, and include the Earth's Sun. | En astronomie, la séquence principale est une bande continue et bien distincte d'étoiles qui apparaissent sur des diagrammes où l'abscisse est l'indice de couleur "B-V" et l'ordonnée la luminosité ou, en sens inverse, la magnitude absolue des étoiles. Ces diagrammes couleur-luminosité sont connus sous le nom de « diagrammes de Hertzsprung-Russell », d'après leur co-inventeurs Ejnar Hertzsprung et Henry Norris Russell. Les étoiles figurant dans cette bande sont connues sous le nom d’"étoiles de la série principale", ou « étoiles naines ». Ainsi, environ 90 % des étoiles observées au-dessus de sont sur la séquence principale. | [
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The Matrix Reloaded | Matrix Reloaded | The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 American science fiction action film written and directed by the Wachowskis. It is the first sequel to "The Matrix", and the second installment in "The Matrix" film franchise. "Reloaded" premiered on May 7, 2003, in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, and had its worldwide release by Warner Bros. on May 15, 2003, including a screening out of competition at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival. The video game "Enter the Matrix" and "The Animatrix", a collection of short animations, supported and expanded the storyline of the film. | , ou La Matrice Rechargée au Québec ("The Matrix Reloaded"), est un film de science-fiction australo-américain réalisé par les Wachowski, sorti en 2003. | [
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Java virtual machine | Machine virtuelle Java | A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode. The JVM is detailed by a specification that formally describes what is required in a JVM implementation. Having a specification ensures interoperability of Java programs across different implementations so that program authors using the Java Development Kit (JDK) need not worry about idiosyncrasies of the underlying hardware platform. | La machine virtuelle Java (en anglais "Java virtual machine", abr. JVM) est un appareil informatique fictif qui exécute des programmes compilés sous forme de bytecode Java. | [
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Gotlib | Gotlib | Marcel Gottlieb (14 July 1934 – 4 December 2016), known professionally as Gotlib, was a French comics artist/writer and publisher. Through his own work and the magazines he co-founded, "L'Écho des savanes" and "Fluide Glacial", he was a key figure in the switch in French-language comics from their children's entertainment roots to an adult tone and readership. His series include "Rubrique-à-Brac", "Gai-Luron", and "Superdupont". | Marcel Gottlieb, dit Gotlib, né le à Paris et mort le au Vésinet (Yvelines), est un auteur français de bande dessinée. Il est surtout connu pour ses histoires humoristiques ("Gai-Luron", "Les Dingodossiers", "La Rubrique-à-brac", "Superdupont") et les nombreuses pages qu'il a publiées dans deux importants mensuels qu'il a créés dans les années 1970, "L'Écho des savanes" et "Fluide glacial". | [
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Topic map | Cartes topiques | A topic map is a standard for the representation and interchange of knowledge, with an emphasis on the findability of information. Topic maps were originally developed in the late 1990s as a way to represent back-of-the-book index structures so that multiple indexes from different sources could be merged. However, the developers quickly realized that with a little additional generalization, they could create a meta-model with potentially far wider application. The ISO standard is formally known as ISO/IEC 13250:2003. | Les cartes topiques (ou cartes de thèmes, en anglais Topic Maps) sont un outil très général de représentation des connaissances, dont le but est d'agréger autour d'un point unique d'indexation (appelé topic) toutes les informations disponibles concernant un sujet donné, et de relier ces points par un réseau sémantique de relations appelées "associations". | [
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Jonathan Swift | Jonathan Swift | Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, hence his common sobriquet, "Dean Swift". | Jonathan Swift (né le à Dublin, en Irlande, et mort le dans la même ville) est un écrivain, satiriste, essayiste, pamphlétaire politique anglo-irlandais. Il est aussi poète et clerc et à ce titre il a été doyen de la cathédrale Saint-Patrick de Dublin. | [
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Extermination camp | Camps d'extermination nazis | Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (), also called death camps, or killing centers, in Eastern Europe during the Holocaust in World War II to systematically murder about 2.7 million Jews during the Holocaust. Others were murdered at the death camps as well, including Romani people during the Romani genocide. The victims of death camps were primarily killed by gassing, either in permanent installations constructed for this specific purpose, or by means of gas vans. The six extermination camps were Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps also used extreme work under starvation conditions in order to kill their prisoners. | Les camps d’extermination nazis étaient des centres de mise à mort à grande échelle, dont. Créés et organisés par le régime nazi d'Adolf Hitler, sous la responsabilité opérationnelle d'Heinrich Himmler et de son adjoint Reinhard Heydrich dans le seul but d'exterminer un maximum de victimes dans un minimum de temps, ils firent près de trois millions de victimes, juives dans leur énorme majorité, assassinées au moyen de chambres à gaz. Maillon essentiel de la Shoah, ils prirent le relais des fusillades de masse perpétrées par les Einsatzgruppen. | [
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Clan (video games) | Clan (jeu vidéo) | In video games, a clan, community, guild or faction is an organized group of video game players that regularly play together in one or more multiplayer games. Many clans take part in gaming competitions, but some clans are just small gaming squads consisting of friends. These squads range from groups of a few friends to four-thousand plus person organizations, with a broad range of structures, goals and members. The lifespan of a clan also varies considerably, from a few weeks to over a decade. Numerous clans exist for nearly every online game available today, notably in first-person shooters (FPS), massively multiplayer games (MMO), role-playing video games (RPG), and strategy games. There are also meta-groups that span a wide variety of games. Some clans formed by groups of players have grown into multi-million dollar professional esports teams. | Dans le domaine des jeux vidéo, l'arrivée d'Internet dans les foyers a permis l'émergence d'un nouveau type de rassemblement de joueurs : le clan, ou la guilde, est un groupe de joueurs qui jouent régulièrement ensemble, le plus souvent à un jeu multijoueur. Le nombre de joueurs peut aller de seulement quelques amis à des organisations de milliers de personnes, avec une grande diversité dans la structure du groupe, ses buts et ses membres. De nombreux clans existent dans tous les jeux multijoueur en ligne actuels et notamment dans les jeux de tir à la première personne comme "Doom", "Counter-Strike", "" ou "Quake" et les jeux en ligne massivement multijoueur comme "EverQuest" ou "World of Warcraft". | [
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A. R. Rahman | Allah Rakha Rahman | Allahrakka Rahman (; born A. S. Dileep Kumar on 6 January 1967), known professionally as A. R. Rahman, is an Indian composer, singer and music producer who works predominantly in Tamil and Hindi movies. He is nicknamed "Isai Puyal" (the musical storm) and Mozart of Madras". In 2010, the Indian government awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the nation's third-highest civilian award. Among Rahman's awards are six National Film Awards, two Academy Awards, two Grammy Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, fifteen Filmfare Awards and seventeen Filmfare Awards South. | Allah Rakha Rahman ou simplement A. R. Rahman, né le à Chennai (Tamil Nadu), est un auteur, compositeur, interprète, producteur et philanthrope indien. Ses œuvres sont connues pour intégrer la musique classique orientale avec la musique électronique, les musiques du monde et des arrangements orchestraux traditionnels. | [
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Edwin Hubble | Edwin Hubble | Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology and is regarded as one of the most important astronomers of all time. | Edwin Powell Hubble ( - ) est un astronome américain. Il a permis d'améliorer la compréhension de la nature de l'Univers en démontrant l'existence d'autres galaxies en dehors de notre Voie lactée. En observant un décalage vers le rouge du spectre de plusieurs galaxies, il a montré que celles-ci s'éloignaient les unes des autres à une vitesse proportionnelle à leur distance. Cette relation, connue sous le nom de « loi de Hubble », avait néanmoins été prédite précédemment par Georges Lemaître, un prêtre et astronome belge qui avait publié son travail dans un journal bien moins visible. Cette situation a entraîné une controverse sur la paternité de la loi. Les conditions de la parution en anglais de la version des travaux de Lemaître de 1927 ont été depuis clarifiées. En 2018, l'UAI (Union astronomique internationale) soumet au vote la proposition de changement de nom pour Loi de Hubble-Lemaître. La loi de Hubble-Lemaître est une des observations clé de l'expansion de l'Univers. | [
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Philémon (comics) | Philémon (bande dessinée) | Philémon is a series in the Franco-Belgian comics style created by French artist Fred and published by Dargaud. The series began serial publication in the French magazine "Pilote" on July 22, 1965, before it eventually became an album series. ("Pilote" was a direct response to the Franco-Belgian weeklies "Spirou" and "Journal de Tintin", and sought to test more recent and dynamic strips on young and adolescent readers.) The general tone of the series is of fantastic realism, depicting the adventures of the young farmboy Philémon in surreal adventures featuring odd creatures in odd places, and it is considered one of the most poetic and original "bande dessinée" series of all time. | Philémon est une série de bande dessinée de Fred apparue dans "Pilote" en 1965. Son personnage éponyme se promène entre son village français et un monde fantastique où se trouvent notamment des îles formant les mots « OCEAN ATLANTIQUE » au milieu de l'océan de ce nom. | [
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Mustelidae | Mustelidae | The Mustelidae (; from Latin "mustela", weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks, and wolverines, among others. Mustelids () are a diverse group and form the largest family in the order Carnivora, suborder Caniformia. Mustelidae comprises about 56–60 species across eight subfamilies. | Les Mustélidés (Mustelidae), du latin "" signifiant belette, sont une famille de mammifères caniformes de l'ordre des Carnivora. Ce sont des prédateurs, de taille variée (de à plus de ), avec un corps allongé et des pattes courtes. Ils possèdent des glandes sécrétrices développées (de chaque côté de l'anus) qui peuvent dégager une odeur musquée en cas d'attaque. Divisée en plusieurs sous-familles, la famille des Mustélidés comprend 55 espèces réparties en une vingtaine de genres ; elle est proche de la famille des Méphitidés (mouffettes). | [
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Bodh Gaya | Bodhgaya | Bodh Gaya is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple Complex in Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is famous as it is the place where Gautama Buddha is said to have attained Enlightenment (Pali: bodhi) under what became known as the Bodhi Tree. Since antiquity, Bodh Gaya has remained the object of pilgrimage and veneration for both Hindus and Buddhists. | Bodhgaya, (sanskrit "" ; hindi ), est une ville indienne située dans l'État du Bihar, à une centaine de kilomètres au sud de Patna. La ville est célèbre pour être le lieu où Siddharta Gautama a atteint l'illumination et l'état de Bouddha. À ce titre, le site est considéré comme l'un des quatre lieux saints du bouddhisme. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Least weasel | Belette d'Europe | The least weasel ("Mustela nivalis"), little weasel, common weasel, or simply weasel in the UK and much of the world, is the smallest member of the genus "Mustela," family Mustelidae and order Carnivora. It is native to Eurasia, North America and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand, Malta, Crete, Bermuda, Madeira Island, the Azores, the Canary Islands, São Tomé, the Falkland Islands, Argentina and Chile. It is classified as least concern by the IUCN, due to its wide distribution and large population throughout the Northern Hemisphere. | La Belette d'Europe (Mustela nivalis), aussi connue sous les noms de Belette pygmée, Petite belette, ou tout simplement Belette, est le plus petit mammifère de la famille des mustélidés et constitue également le plus petit mammifère carnivore d'Europe avec une taille d'environ pour moins d'une centaine de grammes seulement. | [
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Naturalism (literature) | Naturalisme (littérature) | Naturalism is a literary movement beginning in the late nineteenth century, similar to literary realism in its rejection of Romanticism, but distinct in its embrace of determinism, detachment, scientific objectivism, and social commentary. The movement largely traces to the theories of French author Émile Zola. | Le naturalisme est un mouvement littéraire qui, dans les dernières décennies du, cherche à introduire dans les romans la méthode des sciences humaines et sociales, appliquée à la médecine par Claude Bernard. Émile Zola est le principal représentant de cette école littéraire en France. Le mouvement s'étendra dans toute l'Europe jusqu'en Amérique. | [
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The Mystery of the Yellow Room | Le Mystère de la chambre jaune | The Mystery of the Yellow Room (in French "Le mystère de la chambre jaune") is a mystery novel written by French author Gaston Leroux. One of the first locked-room mystery novels, it was first published serially in France in the periodical "L'Illustration" from September 1907 to November 1907, then in its own right in 1908. | Le Mystère de la chambre jaune est un roman policier de Gaston Leroux, paru en 1907. Il s'agit de la première aventure du jeune reporter Joseph Rouletabille. | [
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David Bowie | David Bowie | David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie ( ), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. He was a leading figure in the music industry and is considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. He was acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his innovative work during the 1970s. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, with his music and stagecraft having a significant impact on popular music. During his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at over 100 million records worldwide, made him one of the world's best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded ten platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, and released eleven number-one albums. In the US, he received five platinum and nine gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996. "Rolling Stone" placed him among its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and following his death in 2016, Bowie was dubbed "The Greatest Rock Star Ever" by the magazine. | David Robert Jones dit David Bowie est un auteur-compositeur-interprète et acteur anglais né le à Londres et mort le à New York. | [
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Athena | Athéna | Athena or Athene, often given the epithet Pallas, is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, handicraft, and warfare who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva. Athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of various cities across Greece, particularly the city of Athens, from which she most likely received her name. She's usually shown in art wearing a helmet and holding a spear. Her major symbols include owls, olive trees, snakes, and the Gorgoneion. | Athéna ou Athéné (en attique ou en ionien ) est une déesse de la mythologie grecque, identifiée à Minerve chez les Romains. Elle est également appelée « Pallas Athéna », déesse de la sagesse, de la stratégie militaire, des artisans, des artistes et des maîtres d'école. | [
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Hydrology | Hydrologie | Hydrology (from Greek: ὕδωρ, "hýdōr" meaning "water" and λόγος, "lógos" meaning "study") is the scientific study of the movement, distribution and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is called a hydrologist. Hydrologists are scientists studying earth or environmental science, civil or environmental engineering and physical geography. Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques, they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as environmental preservation, natural disasters, and water management. | Lhydrologie (du grec: ὕδωρ, "hýdōr" signifiant "eau"; et λόγος, "lógos" signifiant "étude") est la science qui s'intéresse à tous les aspects du cycle de l'eau, et en particulier aux échanges entre la mer, l'atmosphère (océanographie, climatologie...), la surface terrestre (limnologie) et le sous-sol (hydrogéologie), sur terre (ou potentiellement sur d'autre planètes). L'hydrologue contribue à la connaissance et gestion des ressources en eau et à leur durabilité en rapport avec les bassins versants environnementaux. | [
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Anhui | Anhui | Anhui (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, officially part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, bordering Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a short section in the north. | L'Anhui () est une province intérieure située à l'est de la République populaire de Chine dont le chef-lieu est Hefei. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Molar volume | Volume molaire | The molar volume, symbol "V", is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass ("M") divided by the mass density (ρ). It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole (m/mol), although it is more practical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole (dm/mol) for gases and cubic centimetres per mole (cm/mol) for liquids and solids. | Le volume molaire d'une substance est le volume occupé par une mole de cette substance. Le volume molaire peut être déterminé pour toute substance dans toutes les phases (gaz, liquide, solide). | [
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72350,
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1193,
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224128,
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87168,
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581,
25072,
38750,
21950,
24073,
856,
18939,
1543,
186,
74481,
3674,
1295,
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25072,
38750,
171859,
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4,
124901,
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The Birth of Venus | La Naissance de Vénus (Botticelli) | The Birth of Venus ( ) is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, probably made in the mid 1480s. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown (called Venus Anadyomene and often depicted in art). The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. | La Naissance de Vénus est un tableau majeur de Sandro Botticelli, peint vers 1484-1485 et conservé à la Galerie des Offices. Il a été peint selon la technique de la tempera. | [
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Poetry | Poésie | Poetry (derived from the Greek "poiesis", "making") is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning. | La poésie est un genre littéraire très ancien, aux formes variées, écrites généralement en vers mais qui admettent aussi la prose, et qui privilégient l'expressivité de la forme, les mots disant plus qu'eux-mêmes par leur choix (sens et sonorités) et leur agencement (rythmes, métrique, figures de style). Sa définition se révèle difficile et varie selon les époques, au point que chaque siècle a pu lui trouver une fonction et une expression différente, à quoi s'ajoute l'approche propre à la personnalité de chaque poète. | [
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Feng shui | Feng shui | Feng shui (), also known as Chinese geomancy, is a pseudoscientific traditional practice originating from ancient China, which claims to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their surrounding environment. The term "feng shui" literally translates as "wind-water" in English. This is a cultural shorthand taken from the passage of the now-lost Book of Burial recorded in Guo Pu's commentary. | Le feng shui (, qui signifie littéralement « le vent et l'eau ») est un art millénaire d'origine chinoise qui a pour but d'harmoniser l'énergie environnementale (le "qi", 氣/气) d'un lieu de manière à favoriser la santé, le bien-être et la prospérité de ses occupants. En Chine, on l'appelle généralement la discipline fēng shuǐ xué (风水学, « étude du vent et de l'eau »). Cet art vise à agencer les habitations en fonction des flux visibles (les cours d'eau) et invisibles (les vents) pour obtenir un équilibre des forces et une circulation de l'énergie optimale. Il s'agit de l'un des arts taoïstes, au même titre que la médecine traditionnelle chinoise ou l'acupuncture, avec lesquelles il partage un tronc commun de connaissances. | [
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Trilobite | Trilobita | Trilobites (; meaning "three lobes") are a group of extinct marine arachnomorph arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest-known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period (), and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic before slipping into a long decline, when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except the Proetids died out. The last extant trilobites finally disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 252 million years ago. Trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for almost 300 million years. | Les trilobites (Trilobita) constituent une classe d'arthropodes marins fossiles ayant existé durant le Paléozoïque ("ère primaire") du Cambrien au Permien. Les derniers trilobites ont disparu lors de l'extinction de masse à la fin du Permien, il y a 250 Ma. | [
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Franco-Prussian War | Guerre franco-allemande de 1870 | The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire (and later, the Third French Republic) and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1871, the conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to expand German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked the French into declaring war on Prussia in order to draw four independent southern German states—Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt—into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded. None, however, dispute the fact that Bismarck must have recognized the potential for new German alliances, given the situation as a whole. | La guerre franco-allemande de 1870, parfois appelée guerre franco-prussienne ou guerre de 1870, est un conflit qui opposa, du au, la France à une coalition d'États allemands dirigée par la Prusse et comprenant les vingt et un autres États membres de la confédération de l'Allemagne du Nord ainsi que le royaume de Bavière, celui de Wurtemberg et le grand-duché de Bade. Cette guerre fut considérée par Otto von Bismarck, qui fit tout pour qu'elle advienne, comme une conséquence de la défaite prussienne lors de la bataille d'Iéna de 1806 contre l'Empire français. Il dira d'ailleurs, après la proclamation de l'Empire allemand à Versailles en 1871 : « Sans Iéna, pas de Versailles » : par là, il parvenait à ses fins, unifier la nation allemande. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Henry IV of England | Henri IV (roi d'Angleterre) | Henry IV (April 1367 – 20 March 1413), was King of England from 1399 to 1413. He asserted the claim of his grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philip IV of France, to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the first English ruler since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English rather than French. Known as Henry Bolingbroke () before taking the throne, he was the son of Edward III's fourth son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and Blanche, the daughter of the nobleman Henry, Duke of Lancaster. | Henri IV ( – ) est roi d'Angleterre de 1399 à sa mort. Il est également seigneur d'Irlande de 1399 à 1413, et revendique les prétentions de son grand-père Édouard III sur le trône de France, en pleine guerre de Cent Ans. Il voit le jour au château de Bolingbroke dans le Lincolnshire, ce qui lui vaut son autre nom, Henry (de) Bolingbroke. | [
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Richard Nixon | Richard Nixon | Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974. A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. After five years in the White House that saw the conclusion to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency, he became the only president to resign from the office. | Richard Milhous Nixon, né le à Yorba Linda (Californie) et mort le à New York, est un homme d'État américain. Membre du Parti républicain, il est le vice-président des États-Unis du au puis le président des États-Unis, du au. | [
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George Berkeley | George Berkeley | George Berkeley (; 12 March 168514 January 1753) – known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne) – was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers and, as a result, cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an important premise in his argument for immaterialism. | George Berkeley ( - ) est un philosophe et évêque anglican irlandais, souvent classé dans la famille des empiristes après John Locke et avant David Hume. Son principal apport à la philosophie fut la défense de l'immatérialisme, résumé par la formule "esse est percipi aut percipere" (« être c'est être perçu ou percevoir »). Pour Berkeley, les choses qui n'ont pas la faculté de penser (les « idées ») sont perçues et c'est l'esprit (humain ou divin) qui les perçoit. La théorie de Berkeley montre que les individus peuvent seulement connaître les sensations et les idées des objets, non les abstractions comme la matière ou les entités générales. L'originalité et l'étrangeté de sa philosophie sont souvent soulignés. Jean-Louis Vieillard-Baron, qui revient sur l'influence de Berkeley sur le spiritualisme d'Henri Bergson, note que. | [
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Aphrodite | Aphrodite | Aphrodite is an ancient Greek goddess associated with love, beauty, pleasure, passion and procreation. She was syncretized with the Roman goddess. Aphrodite's major symbols include myrtles, roses, doves, sparrows, and swans. The cult of Aphrodite was largely derived from that of the Phoenician goddess Astarte, a cognate of the East Semitic goddess Ishtar, whose cult was based on the Sumerian cult of Inanna. Aphrodite's main cult centers were Cythera, Cyprus, Corinth, and Athens. Her main festival was the Aphrodisia, which was celebrated annually in midsummer. In Laconia, Aphrodite was worshipped as a warrior goddess. She was also the patron goddess of prostitutes, an association which led early scholars to propose the concept of "sacred prostitution" in Greco-Roman culture, an idea which is now generally seen as erroneous. | Dans la mythologie grecque, Aphrodite (en grec ancien : ) est la déesse de l'Amour (dans son acception la plus large). L'historienne Pirenne-Delforge détaille ses attributions. | [
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European badger | Blaireau européen | The European badger ("Meles meles") also known as the Eurasian badger, is a badger species in the family Mustelidae native to almost all of Europe and some parts of Western Asia. It is classified as least concern on the IUCN Red List as it has a wide range and a large stable population size, and is thought to be increasing in some regions. Several subspecies are recognized with the nominate subspecies ("M. meles meles") predominating in most of Europe. | Le Blaireau européen (en réalité plutôt eurasien) porte le nom scientifique Meles meles. C'est la plus grosse espèce de Mustélidés d'Europe. Trapu et court sur pattes, il peut atteindre de long ( avec la queue, qui mesure environ), pour au garrot et jusqu'à une ( en moyenne). | [
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Oxford | Oxford | Oxford () is a university city in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 385,000. It is northwest of London, from Birmingham and from Reading by road. | Oxford (en anglais ) est une ville britannique située à au nord-ouest de Londres. Elle est le centre administratif du comté de l'Oxfordshire dans l'Angleterre du Sud-Est, et en tant que ville régionale dessert une arrière pays s'étendant aux Cotswolds. | [
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Venus de Milo | Vénus de Milo | The Venus de Milo (, "Aphroditi tis Milou") is an ancient Greek statue and one of the most famous works of ancient Greek sculpture. Initially it was attributed to the sculptor Praxiteles, but based on an inscription that was on its plinth, the statue is now thought to be the work of Alexandros of Antioch. | La Vénus de Milo est une statue en marbre représentant le plus vraisemblablement la déesse Aphrodite, retrouvée sans ses bras dans l'île grecque de Milos en 1820. C'est une œuvre de l'époque hellénistique, créée vers 150-130 | [
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Qingdao | Qingdao | Qingdao (; also spelled Tsingtao; ) is a major sub-provincial city in eastern Shandong province, China. Located on the western shore of Yellow Sea coast, Qingdao is a major nodal city on the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road arm of the Belt and Road Initiative that connects East Asia with Europe, and has the highest GDP of any city in the province. It has jurisdiction over six districts and four county-level cities, and has a population of 9,046,200 with an urban population of 6,188,100. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea to its south, it borders the prefectural cities of Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. | Qingdao, ou Tsingtao (), est une ville de la province du Shandong en Chine. Elle a le statut de ville sous-provinciale. | [
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Shandong | Shandong | Shandong (; alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region. | Le Shandong () est une province de l'est de la Chine, sur la mer Jaune et le golfe de Bohai. Avec plus de 100 millions d'habitants, c'est l'une des provinces les plus peuplées du pays. Bien que situé au sud de Pékin, on considère que le Shandong fait partie de la Chine du Nord. Son chef-lieu est Jinan (). La partie est de la province, la péninsule du Shandong où se trouve la ville de Qingdao, bénéficie d'importants investissements étrangers. C'est dans le Shandong, alors nommé pays de Lu, que vécut et mourut Confucius (551-479 av. J.-C.). | [
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Statistic | Statistique (indicateur) | A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is any quantity computed from values in a sample that is used for a statistical purpose. Statistical purposes include estimating a population parameter, describing a sample, or evaluating a hypothesis. The average (aka mean) of sample values is a statistic. The term statistic is used both for the function and for the value of the function on a given sample. When a statistic is being used for a specific purpose, it may be referred to by a name indicating its purpose. | Une statistique est, au premier abord, le résultat d'une suite d'opérations appliquées à un ensemble de nombres appelé échantillon. D'une façon générale, c'est le résultat de l'application d'une méthode statistique à un ensemble de données. Dans le calcul de la moyenne arithmétique, par exemple, l'algorithme consiste à calculer la somme de toutes les valeurs des données et à diviser par le nombre de données. La moyenne est ainsi une statistique. Pour être complet dans la description de l'utilisation d'une statistique, il faut décrire à la fois la procédure et l'ensemble de données. | [
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Marcus Grönholm | Marcus Grönholm | Marcus Ulf Johan Grönholm (born February 5, 1968) is a Finnish former rally and rallycross driver, being part of a family of the Swedish-speaking population of Finland lineage. His son, Niclas Grönholm, is an upcoming FIA World Rallycross Championship driver. Grönholm's nicknames are either "Bosse" (mainly in his native Finland and the Scandinavian countries) or "Magic Marcus". Driving for Peugeot, he won the World Rally Championship in 2000 and 2002. After Peugeot withdrew from the World Rally Championship, Grönholm moved to Ford for the 2006 season and placed second in the drivers' world championship, losing the title to Sébastien Loeb by one point. The next year he again placed second, four points behind Loeb. He and his co-driver Timo Rautiainen retired from rallying after the 2007 season but returned to the championship in 2009 driving a private Subaru for a short period of time, and in the 2019 World Rally Championship where he competed in a Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT-maintained Toyota Yaris under the GRX Team banner. | Marcus Grönholm, né le à Kauniainen/Grankulla, est un pilote de rallye finlandais. Il totalise trente victoires en mondial et deux titres de Champion du monde, en 2000 et en 2002. Son copilote, Timo Rautiainen, est aussi son beau-frère, et son propre père Ulf (dit "Uffe") a été deux fois champion de Finlande des rallyes, en 1977 du Groupe 4 et en 1978 du Groupe 2. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Trojan horse (computing) | Cheval de Troie (informatique) | In computing, a Trojan horse, or trojan, is any malware which misleads users of its true intent. The term is derived from the Ancient Greek story of the deceptive Trojan Horse that led to the fall of the city of Troy. | Un cheval de Troie (" en anglais) est un type de logiciel malveillant, qui ne doit pas être confondu avec les virus ou autres parasites. Le cheval de Troie est un logiciel en apparence légitime, mais qui contient une fonctionnalité malveillante. Son but est de faire entrer cette fonctionnalité malveillante sur l'ordinateur et de l'installer à l'insu de l'utilisateur. | [
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Open cluster | Amas ouvert | An open cluster is a group of up to a few thousand stars that were formed from the same giant molecular cloud and have roughly the same age. More than 1,100 open clusters have been discovered within the Milky Way Galaxy, and many more are thought to exist. They are loosely bound by mutual gravitational attraction and become disrupted by close encounters with other clusters and clouds of gas as they orbit the galactic center. This can result in a migration to the main body of the galaxy and a loss of cluster members through internal close encounters. Open clusters generally survive for a few hundred million years, with the most massive ones surviving for a few billion years. In contrast, the more massive globular clusters of stars exert a stronger gravitational attraction on their members, and can survive for longer. Open clusters have been found only in spiral and irregular galaxies, in which active star formation is occurring. | En astronomie, un amas ouvert est un amas stellaire groupant environ de 100 à étoiles de même âge liées entre elles par la gravitation, et dont la dimension varie entre un diamètre de 1,5 à 15 pc, avec une moyenne de 4 à 5 pc. | [
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Knowledge representation and reasoning | Représentation des connaissances | Knowledge representation and reasoning (KR2, KR&R) is the field of artificial intelligence (AI) dedicated to representing information about the world in a form that a computer system can utilize to solve complex tasks such as diagnosing a medical condition or having a dialog in a natural language. Knowledge representation incorporates findings from psychology about how humans solve problems and represent knowledge in order to design formalisms that will make complex systems easier to design and build. Knowledge representation and reasoning also incorporates findings from logic to automate various kinds of "reasoning", such as the application of rules or the relations of sets and subsets. | La représentation des connaissances désigne un ensemble d'outils et de procédés destinés d'une part à représenter et d'autre part à organiser le savoir humain pour l'utiliser et le partager. | [
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Virtual private network | Réseau privé virtuel | A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network. Applications running across a VPN may therefore benefit from the functionality, security, and management of the private network. Encryption is a common, although not an inherent, part of a VPN connection. | En informatique, un réseau privé virtuel, abrégé VPN –'(et RPV selon l'Office québécois de la langue française), est un système permettant de créer un lien direct entre des ordinateurs distants, qui isole leurs échanges du reste du trafic se déroulant sur des réseaux de télécommunication publics. | [
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Polje | Poljé | A polje (, ), also karst polje or karst field, is a large flat plain found in karstic geological regions of the world, with areas usually 5 to 400 km2. The name derives from the Slavic languages and literally means 'field', whereas in English "polje" specifically refers to a karst plain or karst field. | Un poljé est une dépression karstique à fond plat fermée entièrement ou non par des versants rocheux escarpés. Les eaux sont souvent évacuées par un trou au fond du poljé appelé ponor ; le poljé est ainsi relié à une nappe phréatique par un conduit naturel, ce qui produit une résurgence à l'origine d'un cours d'eau ou de l'inondation de la dépression. | [
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Institutes of the Christian Religion | Institution de la religion chrétienne | Institutes of the Christian Religion () is John Calvin's seminal work of systematic theology. Regarded as one of the most influential works of Protestant theology, it was published in Latin in 1536 (at the same time as Henry VIII of England's Dissolution of the Monasteries) and in his native French language in 1541, with the definitive editions appearing in 1559 (Latin) and in 1560 (French). | L’Institution de la religion chrétienne est un traité de théologie écrit par Jean Calvin. Ce manuel est devenu la somme de la théologie réformée de la réforme. Une épître de Calvin adressée au roi François précède l'ouvrage. | [
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Directory service | Annuaire | In computing, directory service or name service maps the names of network resources to their respective network addresses. It is a shared information infrastructure for locating, managing, administering and organizing everyday items and network resources, which can include volumes, folders, files, printers, users, groups, devices, telephone numbers and other objects. A directory service is a critical component of a network operating system. A directory server or name server is a server which provides such a service. Each resource on the network is considered an object by the directory server. Information about a particular resource is stored as a collection of attributes associated with that resource or object. | Un annuaire est une liste, un répertoire mis à jour régulièrement qui regroupe des informations (nom, adresse, coordonnées, etc.) sur les membres d’une association, d'une entreprise, d'un établissement d'enseignement, d'un organisme professionnel, d'une filière spécifique ou sur les abonnés à un service. | [
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Physical geography | Géographie physique | Physical geography (also known as geosystems or physiography) is one of the two major fields of geography. Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the domain of human geography. | La géographie physique, appelée aussi géographie naturelle ou physiographie est la branche de la géographie qui décrit la surface de la Terre. C'est donc par définition une science de la nature qui permet de comprendre la Terre actuelle, les évolutions passées et celles à venir. Elle s'intéresse dans une moindre mesure aux activités humaines, et plus généralement animales, essentiellement dans le cadre du rapport qu'entretiennent l'homme et la nature, et notamment les impacts de l'homme sur le climat et les transformations de la surface terrestre qui sont d'origines naturelles et humaines avec leurs conséquences. | [
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Fujian | Fujian | Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien Province) is a province on the southeastern coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capital is Fuzhou, while its largest city by population is Xiamen, both located near the coast of the Taiwan Strait in the east of the province. The name "Fujian" originated from the combination of the city names of Fuzhou and nearby Jianzhou (present-day Nanping) during the Tang dynasty. | Le Fujian ( ; POJ : "Hok-kian") est une province côtière située au sud-est de la République populaire de Chine, dont le chef-lieu est Fuzhou. | [
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Sinkhole | Doline | A sinkhole, also known as a cenote, sink, sink-hole, swallet, swallow hole, or doline (the different terms for sinkholes are often used interchangeably), is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. Most are caused by karst processes – the chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks or suffosion processes. Sinkholes vary in size from both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes may form gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide. | Une doline est une forme caractéristique d'érosion des calcaires en contexte karstique. La dissolution des calcaires de surface conduit à la formation de dépressions circulaires mesurant de quelques mètres à plusieurs centaines de mètres de diamètre. Leur fond est souvent occupé par des argiles de décalcification ou "terra rossa" (terre rouge), fertiles et plus ou moins imperméables. La rétention locale d'eau qu'elle permet les rend propices au développement d'un microclimat spécifique et d'une riche végétation, qui contraste avec le plateau calcaire environnant, leur conférant une fonction d'habitat et éventuellement de refuge naturel pour de nombreuses espèces. | [
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Revolutions of 1848 | Printemps des peuples | The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Spring of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in European history. | Le Printemps des peuples ou Printemps des révolutions est un ensemble de révolutions que connaît l’Europe en 1848. Bien que réprimées, ces crises ont souvent été déterminantes pour l'évolution des pays concernés, notamment en Allemagne qui, en dépit de l'échec du traité de Francfort, s'est mise sur la voie de l'unification qui se réalise en 1871. | [
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Lars von Trier | Lars von Trier | Lars von Trier (born Lars Trier; 30 April 1956) is a Danish film director and screenwriter with a prolific and controversial career spanning almost four decades. His work is known for its genre and technical innovation; confrontational examination of existential, social, and political issues; and his treatment of subjects such as mercy, sacrifice, and mental health. | Lars Trier, dit Lars von Trier, est un réalisateur, scénariste et producteur danois, né le à Copenhague. Fortement influencé par le cinéaste russe Andrei Tarkovski, Lars von Trier est reconnu pour son style sombre et pessimiste. Marqué au fil de sa vie par plusieurs épisodes dépressifs et alcooliques, il présente dans son œuvre des personnages perdus, en deuil, dépressifs, nymphomanes, violents, ou misanthropes. Son style alterne souvent entre des grands élans esthétiques (ralentis, grands plans majestueux) et un naturalisme très cru. Il est l'un des cofondateurs du mouvement Dogme95. | [
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Lagrange's theorem (group theory) | Théorème de Lagrange sur les groupes | Lagrange's theorem, in the mathematics of group theory, states that for any finite group "G", the order (number of elements) of every subgroup "H" of "G" divides the order of "G". The theorem is named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. | En mathématiques, le théorème de Lagrange sur les groupes énonce un résultat élémentaire fournissant des informations combinatoires sur les groupes finis. Le théorème doit son nom au mathématicien Joseph-Louis Lagrange. | [
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Vincent van Gogh | Vincent van Gogh | Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch post-impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of which date from the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. He was not commercially successful, and his suicide at 37 came after years of mental illness, depression and poverty. | Vincent Willem van Gogh (), né le à Groot-Zundert, aux Pays-Bas, et mort le à Auvers-sur-Oise, en France, est un peintre et dessinateur néerlandais. Son œuvre pleine de naturalisme, inspirée par l'impressionnisme et le pointillisme, annonce le fauvisme et l'expressionnisme. | [
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Edo period | Époque d'Edo | The or is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional "daimyō". The period was characterized by economic growth, strict social order, isolationist foreign policies, a stable population, "no more wars", and popular enjoyment of arts and culture. The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24, 1603, by Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3, 1868, after the fall of Edo. | L' ou est la subdivision traditionnelle de l'histoire du Japon qui commence vers 1600, avec la prise de pouvoir de Tokugawa Ieyasu lors de la bataille de Sekigahara, et se termine vers 1868 avec la restauration Meiji. Elle est dominée par le shogunat Tokugawa dont Edo (ancien nom de Tokyo) est la capitale. | [
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Shanxi | Shanxi | Shanxi (; formerly romanised as Shansi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the North China region. The capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi and Datong. Its one-character abbreviation is "" (), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn period. | Le Shanxi ( ; ) est une province du nord-est de la Chine, dont la capitale est Taiyuan (太原, ). Elle est située à l'ouest des monts Taihang (太行山 ). Elle ne doit pas être confondue avec la province voisine au nom, homophone au ton près, de Shaanxi (陕西, ) : ; | [
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House of Lancaster | Maison de Lancastre | The House of Lancaster was the name of two cadet branches of the royal House of Plantagenet. The first house was created when King Henry III of England created the Earldom of Lancasterfrom which the house was namedfor his second son Edmund Crouchback in 1267. Edmund had already been created Earl of Leicester in 1265 and was granted the lands and privileges of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, after de Montfort's death and attainder at the end of the Second Barons' War. When Edmund's son Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, inherited his father-in-law's estates and title of Earl of Lincoln he became at a stroke the most powerful nobleman in England, with lands throughout the kingdom and the ability to raise vast private armies to wield power at national and local levels. This brought himand Henry, his younger brotherinto conflict with their cousin Edward II of England, leading to Thomas's execution. Henry inherited Thomas's titles and he and his son, who was also called Henry, gave loyal service to Edward's sonEdward III of England. | Il y a eu deux maisons de Lancastre. Ces maisons ("House of Lancaster" en anglais) étaient toutes deux des branches de la dynastie des Plantagenêts pendant le Moyen Âge. La seconde accéda au trône et donna trois rois à l'Angleterre entre 1399 et 1471 : Henri IV, Henri V et Henri VI. | [
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Jacques Martin (comics) | Jacques Martin (auteur) | Jacques Martin (25 September 1921 – 21 January 2010) was a French comics artist and comic book creator. He was one of the classic artists of "Tintin" magazine, alongside Edgar P. Jacobs and Hergé, of whom he was a longtime collaborator. He is best known for his series "Alix". He was born in Strasbourg. | Jacques Martin, né le à Strasbourg et mort le à Orbe en Suisse, est un auteur de bande dessinée français. | [
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Beekeeper | Apiculteur | A beekeeper is a person who keeps honey bees. Beekeepers are also called honey farmers, apiarists, or less commonly, apiculturists (both from the Latin "", bee; cf. apiary). The term beekeeper refers to a person who keeps honey bees in beehives, boxes, or other receptacles. Honey bees are not domesticated, and the beekeeper does not control the creatures. The beekeeper owns the hives or boxes and associated equipment. The bees are free to forage or leave (swarm) as they desire. Bees usually return to the beekeeper's hive as the hive presents a clean, dark, sheltered home. | Un apiculteur ou une apicultrice est une personne qui élève des abeilles mellifères ("Apis sp.") à titre professionnel ou amateur afin de leur faire produire du miel, du propolis, de la cire, de la gelée royale, des couvains ou de favoriser la fécondation de plantes entomophiles. | [
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Nanjing | Nankin | Nanjing (), alternatively romanized as Nanking and Nankin, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region, with 11 districts, an administrative area of and a total population of 8,505,500. | Nankin, ou Nanjing (, à mettre en rapport à Pékin, ), immédiatement en amont du delta du Yangzi Jiang, le premier fleuve chinois, est la capitale de la province chinoise du Jiangsu. La ville compte aujourd'hui plus de huit millions d'habitants. Elle a joué un rôle considérable dans l'histoire chinoise. La prise de la ville par les Japonais en 1937 s'accompagna d'un massacre dont l'ampleur n'est pas connue avec certitude. | [
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Aestheticism | Esthétisme | Aestheticism (also the Aesthetic Movement) is an intellectual and art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than social-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts. This meant that art from this particular movement focused more on being beautiful rather than having a deeper meaning — "art for art's sake". It was particularly prominent in Europe during the late 19th century, supported by notable figures such as Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde, but more contemporary critics are also associated with the movement, such as Harold Bloom, who argued against projecting social and political ideology onto literary works, which he believes has been a growing problem in humanities departments over the 20th century. | L'esthétisme ( "Aestheticism", "Aesthetic movement") est un courant artistique et littéraire britannique du dernier quart du, contemporain du symbolisme en France et en Belgique. | [
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Shaanxi | Shaanxi | Shaanxi (, ; formerly Shensi) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China. Officially part of Northwest China, it borders the province-level divisions of Shanxi (NE, E), Henan (E), Hubei (SE), Chongqing (S), Sichuan (SW), Gansu (W), Ningxia (NW) and Inner Mongolia (N). | Le Shaanxi ( ; ) est une très ancienne province de la Chine située dans nord-ouest du pays. La surface de son territoire est de km2 (11ème rang des provinces chinoises) et elle est peuplée de 38,6 millions habitants (16 rang). Sa capitale Xi'an, une des plus anciennes villes chinoises, est peuplée de plus de 7 millions habitants ce qui en fait la plus grandes des métropoles du nord-ouest chinois. L'économie du Shaanxi repose sur l'extraction du charbon et du pétrole et le secteur des hautes technologies. La moitié de la recherche et de la production du secteur aérospatial y est réalisée. | [
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Durum | Blé dur | Durum wheat (), also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat ("Triticum durum" or "Triticum turgidum" subsp. "durum"), is a tetraploid species of wheat. It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production. It was developed by artificial selection of the domesticated emmer wheat strains formerly grown in Central Europe and the Near East around 7000 BC, which developed a naked, free-threshing form. Like emmer, durum wheat is awned (with bristles). It is the predominant wheat that grows in the Middle East. | Le blé dur ("Triticum turgidum" L. subsp. "durum" (Desf.) Husn.) est une variété de blé connue pour son grain dur et vitreux. Cultivée depuis la Préhistoire, cette céréale est riche en protéines, y compris en gluten. Il ne peut donner que des pains peu levés mais convient parfaitement à la fabrication des pâtes alimentaires, couscous et boulghour. | [
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Nara period | Époque de Nara | The of the history of Japan covers the years from AD 710 to 794. Empress Genmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō (present-day Nara). Except for a five-year period (740–745), when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until Emperor Kanmu established a new capital, Nagaoka-kyō, in 784, before moving to Heian-kyō, modern Kyoto, a decade later in 794. | L', est l'une des 14 subdivisions traditionnelles de l'histoire du Japon. Cette période se situe entre 710 et 794 (ou 784). Elle est précédée par la période d'Asuka (du milieu du jusqu'en 710) et suivie par l'époque de Heian (794-1185). | [
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