TrainingDataPro/sat-questions-and-answers-for-llm

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344	us_history	The thin disguise of 'equal' accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead anyone, nor atone for the wrong this day done. Justice John Harlan wrote the dissenting opinion quoted above at the conclusion of which Supreme Court case?	Dred Scott v. Sanford	Plessy v. Ferguson	Powell v. Alabama	Sweatt v. Painter	Brown v. Board of Education	B
345	us_history	Which of the following is NOT a nonfiction book of the 1950s warning people in the United States to pay attention to pressing issues confronting postwar society?	The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith	The Lonely Crowd by David Riesman	The Organization Manby William Whyte	White Collarby C. Wright Mills	How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying by Frank Loesser	E
346	us_history	What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution state?	The United States would take military action in response to a supposed Vietnamese attack on a U.S. destroyer.	Vietnam would be divided politically along the 17th parallel.	The United States would play an active role in an attempt to overthrow the government of Ngo Dinh Diem.	The Selective Service would begin drafting men in the United States to fight in Vietnam.	The U.S. Army would launch a bombing cam paign against military targets in North Vietnam.	A
347	us_history	Stop them pictures. I don't care so much what the papers write about me. My constituents can't read. But they can see pictures. Which of the following was William Marcy "Boss" Tweed complaining about in this statement?	Motion pictures	Newspaper photographs	Political cartoons	Graffiti in public places	Billboard advertisements	C
348	us_history	All the following were key Southern victories in the Civil War EXCEPT the Battle of	Chickamauga	Chancellorsville	Fredericksburg	Manassas	Antietam	E
350	us_history	Which constitutional amendment represented the ultimate goal of the temperance movement?	Sixteenth, creating the income tax	Seventeenth, permitting direct popular election of senators	Eighteenth, banning the manufacture, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages	Nineteenth, granting women the right to vote	Twentieth, changing the first date of a new president's term and setting rules for succession to the presidency	C
351	us_history	In which Supreme Court case did the Court rule against the plaintiff on the grounds that African Americans were "beings of an inferior order" who did not qualify as U.S. citizens?	Brown v. Board of Education	Shaw v. Reno	Dred Scott v. Sanford	Wisconsin v. Mitchell	Marbury v. Madison	C
352	us_history	A government program introduced under President John F. Kennedy that sends U.S. volunteers to work in developing countries for two years is called	Vista	the Peace Corps	Affirmative Action	the Foreign Service	National Service	B
353	us_history	Which of the following territories was NOT part of Spain's colonial explorations in the 1500s?	California	Arizona	Texas	Florida	Delaware	E
354	us_history	The Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution is unique among the amendments because it	repeals another amendment	was passed when Congress was in recess	deals with the banking system	was voted on by women	deals with foreign policy	A
355	us_history	The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom of 1779 stated that	government control over religious beliefs or worship was tyrannical	the Episcopal Church was the state church of Virginia	Protestants were free to pray at public governmental functions	British subjects could worship with Americans	Christians were finally free to express their religious beliefs in public	A
356	us_history	Matthew Brady is known for	being a losing presidential candidate in 1896	leading the abolitionist movement in Ohio	quoting in a sermon to his congregation, "Go West, young man!"	writing dime novels about gunfighters	photographing the dead lying on Civil War battlefields	E
357	us_history	Which of the following measures taken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration brought aid to a rural area plagued by flooding, malnutrition, and poverty?	National Recovery Act	Works Progress Administration	Tennessee Valley Authority	Public Works Administration	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	C
358	us_history	The Treaty of Ghent was signed in which country?	Belgium	Scotland	Prussia	Austria	United States	A
359	us_history	The House Un-American Activities Committee inves tigated which of the following during the 1950s?	Feminist groups	Asian Americans	The Ku Klux Klan	Suspected communists	Beatniks	D
360	us_history	The Constitutional Convention of 1787 met with the goal of strengthening and improving the	Declaration of Independence	Federalist Papers	Articles of Confederation	Virginia Plan	Albany Plan of Union	C
361	us_history	The Spanish-American War was fought in	Spain and Portugal	Mexico and Texas	Venezuela and Hawaii	California and Mexico	the Philippines and Cuba	E
362	us_history	Third-party presidential candidate Ross Perot entered the 1992 presidential race as	a former governor of Texas	the leader of the Consumer Party in the United States	the president of Southern Methodist University	a billionaire businessman from Texas	a radio talk-show host from St. Louis	D
363	us_history	Which of the following represents an attempt by the Hoover administration to combat the effects of the Great Depression?	The McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Bill	The coining of silver	The lowering of interest rates	The encouragement of margin buying on Wall Street	The public-works construction of the Boulder Dam	E
364	us_history	President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a member of a American family that was prominent in the field of	firearms	cotton production	politics	rum trade	theater	E
365	us_history	George Washington chose Christmas night to cross the icy Delaware River and capture Trenton because	he surmised that the Hessians guarding Trenton would not be prepared for an attack on Christmas morning	it was the only night his staff officers would agree to attack	the period for which his troops had enlisted would be over the next morning	his wife had a dream that he would win a battle before the end of the year	he was not religious and did not observe Christmas	A
366	us_history	Early explorers such as Columbus, Verrazano, and John Cabot hailed from Italy but sailed under the sponsorship of another European nation. Which of the following best explains this inconsistency?	The explorers were wanted for piracy in Italy.	The Italian city-states were the poorest in Europe and could not afford to outfit ships.	The Italian city-states had no interest in estab lishing colonies in the New World.	The explorers refused to ask for or accept Italian sponsorship on religious grounds.	All European powers cooperated in exploration of the New World.	C
367	us_history	The change in U.S. society in the period between 1820 and 1844 is best explained by which of the following statements?	The United States changed from a society of peasants to an aristocracy.	Control of business and government by the well-born gave way to a society based on the economic success of "self-made" men.	The new social structure was based less on banking and more on Southern plantation life.	New England's shipping commerce became secondary in the economy to Southern cotton farming.	Jackson's policies stalled westward expansion of the United States.	B
368	us_history	In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck describes the fortunes of a family forced out of Oklahoma by the ravages of the	New Deal	War Department	Great Society	Dust Bowl	Potato famine	D
369	us_history	Hawks and "doves" were nicknames given to those who supported and opposed which war?	Persian Gulf War	Vietnam War	War of 1812	World War I	Spanish-American War	B
370	us_history	The Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discoverywere	space capsules during the "space race" with the Soviet Union	ships that brought the English settlers to Jamestown	ships that sailed across the Atlantic with the Mayflower	steamboats that first piloted up and down the Mississippi River	covered wagons that carried the first pioneers west of St. Louis	B
371	us_history	Which of the following permitted "any citizen or intended citizen to select any surveyed land up to 160 acres and to gain title to it after five years' resi dence" if that person cultivated the land?	Agricultural Advancement Administration	Lecompton Constitution	Rush-Bagot Agreement	Eighteenth Amendment	Homestead Act	E
372	us_history	The term "political machine" refers to	the use of balloting machines in elections	the administration of William McKinley	a well-organized political party that domi nated a city government	the establishment of policy centers at universities	the automation of offices in the federal bureaucracy	C
373	us_history	The Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the Constitution which deals with Congressional pay raises was ratified in	1892	1865	1920	1956	1992	E
374	us_history	Which of the following explains the central role of the Catholic Church in Spanish exploration?	King Phillip II's Royal Orders for New Discoveries commanded the conversion of Native Americans to Catholicism.	The Pope would not bless ships crossing the Atlantic unless they took Catholic missionaries.	Native Americans made the establishment of mission schools a condition of peaceful relations with the Europeans.	Spain competed with France for territory in the New World.	The Papal Line of Demarcation gave Spain the right to establish mission schools in the Southwest.	A
375	us_history	In 1916, which government organization was established to supervise government-owned nature preserves and monuments?	City Beautiful movement	Beautify America	National Park Service	Works Progress Administration	National Guard	C
376	us_history	A large African-American neighborhood in New York City gave its name to an artistic development of the 1920s known as the	Haight-Ashbury Era	Battle of Brooklyn	Harlem Renaissance	Manhattan Project	Bronx cheer	C
377	us_history	You knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is a certainty that it will go over very quickly. This statement by Dwight D. Eisenhower became known as the	Red Scare	domino theory	fallout theory	fail-safe theory	Dr. Strangelove theory	B
378	us_history	It possesses treasures . . . equal to those of any region of the continent. William Seward made this statement to describe which piece of land that he had purchased from which country?	Louisiana from France	Florida from Spain	California from Mexico	Nevada from Canada	Alaska from Russia	E
379	us_history	Which of the following was NOT one of the four major labor strikes of 1919?	Seattle General strike	Pullman strike	Boston Police strike	Pennsylvania Steel strike	United Mine Workers strike	B
380	us_history	All the following authors wrote about the history and experiences of African-American women EXCEPT:	Toni Morrison	Alice Walker	Maya Angelou	Jamaica Kincaid	Nella Larsen	D
381	us_history	The conference held between the U.S. government and the Plains tribes of Native Americans in 1851 resulted in which of the following?	The tribes agreed not to migrate freely throughout the Plains anymore.	The United States banished the tribes to present-day Oklahoma.	The United States agreed to end westward migration through Native American territory.	The U.S. government outlawed the killing of buffalo.	The tribes accepted an offer of full U.S. citizenship in exchange for giving up their traditional hunting culture.	A
382	us_history	It has been done for the sake of political power, in order to bring two new slaveholding senators upon this floor. The senator who made the above statement was referring to the passage of the	Fugitive Slave Act	Kansas-Nebraska Act	Dred Scott decision	Reconstruction Acts	Thirteenth Amendment	B
383	us_history	Which of the following philosophers had the strongest influence on the framers' decision that the Constitution would require a government with three branches and a balance of power among them?	Locke	Montesquieu	Voltaire	Franklin	Hobbes	B
384	us_history	The Supreme Court decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford stated all the following EXCEPT:	A slave could not gain his or her freedom by moving to a free state or territory.	Slaves had the legal status of property, not people.	The Founding Fathers had never intended for Africans to become U.S. citizens.	The Missouri Compromise violated the Fifth Amendment.	Only individual states could decide whether a slave could become a citizen.	E
385	us_history	The scriptwriters known as the "Hollywood Ten" were blacklisted by the movie industry because they	failed to win awards for their studio producers	made public speeches urging people to vote for third-party presidential candidates	accused several people in the movie industry of being Communist Party members	refused to answer questions asked by the House Un-American Activities Committee	tried to organize a screenwriters' union in Hollywood	D
386	us_history	The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire resulted in all the following EXCEPT:	The New York legislature enacted a stricter fire code.	A labor reform commission was created.	New workplace safety regulations were passed.	The U.S. congress passed the Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act.	About 150 workers were burned or crushed to death.	D
387	us_history	Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco were con victed of the crime of	murder	treason	grand theft	anarchy	draft dodging	A
388	us_history	The GI Bill of Rights altered U.S. society by	admitting women to the U.S. military and naval academies	making it possible for millions of veterans to attend college	integrating the armed forces	guaranteeing civilian employment to all veterans	creating the U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs	B
389	us_history	All the following are classic American autobiogra phies EXCEPT:	The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass	I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou	Little Town on the Prairie by Laura Ingalls Wilder	The Story of My Lifeby Helen Keller	The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane	E
390	us_history	The cattle boom of the late 1800s ended abruptly in part because of the	severe winter weather of the 1880s	rise in prices as supply grew far beyond demand	cooperative agreements among ranchers to allow free access across the plains to all herds	trend toward larger ranches	expansion of sheep ranching	A
392	us_history	Which of the following rights did the Emancipation Proclamation confer on which group of people?	It freed all Confederate prisoners of war on condition that they not rejoin their army.	It freed all slaves in the United States.	It freed all slaves in the states in open rebellion.	It gave all slaves the right to vote.	It gave all Confederate citizens the right to move north and settle in Union states without suffering any penalty.	C
393	us_history	Prohibition had all the following effects EXCEPT:	People formed organizations to lobby for its repeal.	Organized crime and violence escalated.	The terms "speakeasy" and "bathtub gin" were added to the language.	People in the United States stopped buying, selling, and drinking alcoholic beverages.	The FBI established a department of operatives who investigated only Prohibition-related crimes.	D
394	us_history	Which of the following is the best example of the importance of a free press in a republic?	The disclosure of high crimes committed by members of the Nixon administration	The television broadcasts of the destruction of the World Trade Center	The "fireside chats" given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt over the radio	The publication in the next day's newspapers of important presidential speeches	The coverage of the legal battle over Terry Schiavo's right to die	A
395	us_history	Cuba and the Philippines were the primary battle grounds in which of the following wars?	Mexican-American War	War of 1812	World War I	Spanish-American War	World War II	D
396	us_history	Which of the following political parties passed a "gag rule" in 1837 that banned any discussion of abolition in Congress?	Whig Party	Democratic Party	Federalist Party	Free-Soil Party	Republican Party	B
397	us_history	The Antifederalists were unwilling to approve the Constitution primarily because	it did not include a Bill of Rights	it did not give the central government enough authority over the states	it made no provision for a judicial branch of government	it referred to the chief executive of the nation as the "president of the United States"	it was largely the work of Southern delegates	A
398	us_history	The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 had all the following effects EXCEPT:	increase in westward migration	growth in the number of Western towns and cities	rise in the national employment rate	growth in the steel industry	rise in automobile ownership and production	E
399	us_history	Newspaper illustrator-"Everything is quiet. There is no trouble here. There will be no war. I wish to return." Editor-"Please remain. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war." The above exchange of telegrams most likely refers to	the Mexican-American War	the First Seminole War	the French and Indian War	the Spanish-American War	the Civil War	D
400	us_history	Before the United States gained sovereignty over the Panama Canal, it had been the project of	a French company led by Ferdinand de Lesseps	a Spaniard named Vasco da Gama	a collective South American venture led by Simon Bolivar	the Dutch West India Company	the British Empire	A
401	us_history	Puritan authorities banished Roger Williams from the Massachusetts Bay Colony primarily because he	believed in independence from the British king	taught his congregation to sing and dance	believed in strict separation of church and state	wanted to be the leader of the Puritans	preached against peace with the Native Americans	C
402	us_history	Which of the following Founding Fathers was never elected president of the United States?	Thomas Jefferson	James Madison	John Adams	Elbridge Gerry	James Monroe	D
403	us_history	Confederate leaders hoped for a military alliance with Great Britain and France primarily because	European nations did not disapprove of slavery	Britain and France bought the bulk of the Southern cotton crop	the Confederate industrial base was much smaller than the Union's	the federal navy had remained loyal to the Union government	the Civil War was fought largely in Confederate territory	C
404	us_history	Which of the following women was an outspoken critic of the Equal Rights Amendment?	Bella Abzug	Phyllis Schlafly	Shirley Chisholm	Betty Friedan	Jane Fonda	B
405	us_history	The Comstock Lode was discovered in 1857 in which of the following present-day states?	Alaska	Texas	New Mexico	Nevada	California	D
406	us_history	Rosie the Riveter became famous in the 1940s as which of the following?	A singing star on the radio	An antiwar film heroine	A weekly comic radio program	A symbol of the importance of female workers to the war effort	A nickname given to President Franklin D. Roosevelt	D
407	us_history	Which of the following statements best defines the economic term "depression"?	A sharp drop in business activity along with rising unemployment	A large influx of foreign capital	An unpredicted increase in exports with a decline in imports	A lowering of interest rates	The laws of supply and demand	A
408	us_history	Francis Cabot Lowell's development of the power loom in Massachusetts in the early 1800s gave rise to which of the following?	Automation	Socialism	Assembly-line manufacturing	The factory system	Labor strikes	D
409	us_history	New York Governor Alfred Smith's 1928 campaign for the presidency marked the first time that	a New Yorker was ever on the ballot	the Democrats nominated the governor of a large state	a Catholic ran for president	a career politician was nominated to national office	the Democratic Convention reached a decision on the first ballot	C
410	us_history	George Rogers Clark made which of the following contributions to the Revolutionary War in the North west Territory?	He captured the traitor Benedict Arnold.	He led the army that defeated the French.	He captured Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point.	He captured Forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes.	He defeated Lord Nelson on Lake Erie.	D
411	us_history	Southern farmers who could not afford slaves sup ported the institution of slavery primarily because	slaves allowed poor white farmers to prosper	slavery gave poor whites status and a stake in society	slaves needed overseers and Southern whites knew the job was well paid	slaveowners lent slaves in slow times to poor farmers to help work their land	farmers knew that competition would help the Southern economy in the long run	B
412	us_history	The Potsdam Conference was convened in July 1945 so that	Allied leaders could decide how to handle postwar Germany	Allied leaders could determine how to handle the occupation of Japan	the Soviet Union and the United States could decide how to divide China	plans could be made for the Soviet Union to invade Japan	Japan and the United States could draw up a peace agreement	A
413	us_history	Secretary of State John Hay called for an Open Door Policy toward China in 1899 primarily because	Japan threatened to close its ports to the West	Britain and France were pulling out of Asia	The United States feared it would be shut out of trade and investment in China	Russia and France were about to go to war over China	Russia blocked sea access to Manchuria	C
414	us_history	Article I of the Constitution assigns the vice president the duty of	signing legislation when the president is out of Washington	negotiating treaties	representing the United States at social functions	presiding over meetings of the Senate	introducing legislation to Congress	D
415	us_history	Which one of the following women found refuge in Rhode Island after the courts banished her from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638?	Susan B. Anthony	Anne Hutchinson	Anne Bradstreet	Carrie Nation	Hester Prynne	B
416	us_history	The Anasazi people constructed dwellings of	rock and adobe	sticks and wet sand	straw and mud	mud and brick	wood and stone	A
417	us_history	The success of the automobile industry caused rapid growth in all the following industries EXCEPT:	communications	advertising	credit	oil refining	asphalt and paving	A
418	us_history	In 1937 President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to grant him the power to do which of the following?	Move the Supreme Court into the White House	Put the Supreme Court on administrative leave	Replace every Supreme Court justice who was over 70 years of age	Appoint nine new Supreme Court justices	Dissolve the Supreme Court	C
419	us_history	Which of the following was president when the U.S. government acquired the last of the territory that would make up the contiguous United States?	Abraham Lincoln	William McKinley	James Polk	Woodrow Wilson	Franklin Pierce	E
420	us_history	Which statement best explains the trickle-down theory of economics?	Government-sponsored lotteries give people a chance to get rich.	Lowering the top income tax rates will spur economic growth.	Government programs that hire the unemployed lower the poverty rates.	Lowering the bottom income tax rates encour ages spending.	Low-interest government loans spur economic growth.	B
421	us_history	The popular nickname of President Ronald Reagan's space-based missile defense system was	SALT	Dune	Space Shield	Skylab	Star Wars	E
422	us_history	From 1863 to 1871, William Marcy Tweed was the powerful political boss of which of the following cities?	Boston	New York City	Washington, D.	Philadelphia	New Orleans	B
423	us_history	John C. Calhoun's view that the states had the right to refuse to obey any act of Congress they considered unconstitutional became known as the	doctrine of equal rights	right of first refusal	doctrine of nullification	Carolina Plan	Calhoun Compromise	C
424	us_history	The Federal Securities Act created which of the following in an effort to reform business and guard against another stock market crash?	The Agricultural Adjustment Administration	The Civilian Conservation Corps	The Federal Emergency Relief Administration	The Securities and Exchange Commission	The National Industrial Recovery Act	D
425	us_history	We fight not to enslave, but to set a country free, and to make room upon the earth for honest men to live in. The writer of the above statement was most likely referring to which of the following wars?	The Civil War	The Vietnam War	The War of 1812	World War II	The Revolutionary War	E
426	us_history	The Eighteenth Amendment was passed primarily because of a crusade led by the	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People	Women's Christian Temperance Movement	Daughters of the American Revolution	Mayflower Society	International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union	B
427	us_history	In 1969, Native American activists occupied the abandoned prison on Alcatraz Island in order to protest all the following EXCEPT:	refusal of the U.S. and state government to honor treaty obligations	discrimination against Native Americans by whites	oppression of Native Americans by whites over three centuries	refusal of the U.S. government to allow prof itable businesses to operate on Native American reservations	marginalization of Native American culture by U.S. society	D
428	us_history	Which one of the following was NOT an important leader of organized labor?	George Pullman	Eugene V. Debs	Mary Harris Jones	Samuel Gompers	Terence V. Powderly	A
430	us_history	In defiance of federal orders to desegregate Arkansas public schools, Governor Orval Faubus did all the following EXCEPT:	post the Arkansas National Guard at Little Rock High School to bar African-American students from entering	close down the Little Rock public schools for the 1958-1959 school year	petition the White House to overturn Brown v. Board of Education	work with others to establish private, all-white schools in Little Rock	speak out publicly against forced integration of Arkansas schools	C
431	us_history	Our diplomats and their advisers . . . lost sight of our tremendous stake in a non-Communist China .... This House must now assume the responsibility of preventing the onrushing tide of communism from engulfing all of Asia. The speaker probably issued this statement to the House of Representatives on the eve of which of the following?	Russo-Japanese War	Korean War	Persian Gulf War	World War II	Second Sino-Japanese War	B
432	us_history	Which of the following colonial actions provoked the British Parliament to pass the Intolerable Acts?	Signing of the Declaration of Independence	Tarring and feathering of British agents sent to the colonies to distribute stamps	Dumping chests of East India Tea into Boston harbor	Convening of the Constitutional Convention	Demanding that the governor of Massachusetts expel all British troops from Boston	C
433	us_history	Which of the following statements supports the theory that the Brooklyn Dodgers played an important role in the struggle for civil rights by hiring Jackie Robinson?	Negro League players made much less money than white major leaguers.	Millions of fans saw and heard every day that Robinson played as well as or better than the white players.	The Dodgers were one of three baseball teams in New York, the largest city in the United States.	Robinson was named baseball's first rookie of the year in 1947.	Robinson never responded to taunts, jeers, or death threats from racist baseball fans.	B
434	us_history	Which of the following Broadway musicals was the center of a series of court cases that established the tenet that the content of paid theatrical performances, no matter how offensive some might find it, is fully protected by the First Amendment?	Chicago	Hair	The Cradle Will Rock	The Who's Tommy	Oh, Calcutta!	B
435	us_history	President Abraham Lincoln considered it crucial to prevent Maryland from seceding from the Union primarily because	it surrounded Washington, D.C., on three sides	it shared a long border with Pennsylvania	it was the site of the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg	it was home to John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's assassin	it contained the greatest number of factories of any Southern state	A
436	us_history	Which of the following best describes the effect of the Monroe Doctrine on world politics?	Great Britain became more actively involved in Canadian affairs.	The United States was determined to take over Central and South America.	Spain began to play an active role in a series of Latin American wars for independence.	France began supporting Native Americans in their attempts to retake their ancestral lands from the U.S. government.	It set the tone for U.S. foreign policy in the future.	E
437	us_history	The American Colonization Society was founded in the early 1800s primarily to	forcibly expel African Americans from the United States	establish Native American reservations on good, fertile farming and hunting lands	encourage residents of the Eastern states to settle the Great Plains and the Southwest	help free African Americans resettle in northwestern Africa	achieve immediate and universal abolition of slavery throughout the United States	D
438	us_history	Which of the following was founded in the aftermath of the Haymarket Riot of 1886?	Congress of Industrial Organizations	Teamsters' Union	American Railway Union	American Federation of Labor	Knights of Labor	D
439	us_history	Which of the following factors contributed most to California's decision to apply for statehood in 1850?	Increase in population as a result of the Gold Rush	Democratic Party success in the California legislature	Local insistence that California would be a slaveholding state	Decision of Congress to build a transcontinen tal railroad	Realization that the United States would soon be at war with Mexico	A
440	us_history	Many teenagers in the United States in the 1960s demanded that the voting age be lowered to 18 from 21 primarily because	they wanted the privilege of protesting against government policies	they supported a political party that intended to overthrow the U.S. government	they wanted to be able to vote to lower the legal drinking age	they hoped to vote down a recent increase in income tax rates	they felt that since they were old enough to fight and die in military service, they were old enough to vote	E
441	us_history	President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction pro grams included all the following EXCEPT:	a blanket pardon to all Confederate soldiers	the removal of Union troops of occupation from the South	a requirement that Southern states abolish slavery	annulment of old debts to the Confederate government	full civil rights for all African Americans	E
442	us_history	The U.S. government encouraged the growth of settlement on the Great Plains in the mid-nineteenth century primarily by passing the	Homestead Act	Pacific Railway Act	Volstead Act	Morrill Act	Kansas-Nebraska Act	A
443	us_history	A "Horatio Alger" hero is a fictional character who symbolized which of the following to readers of the 1860s and 1870s?	The evil effects of gambling	The ability to get rich by working one's way up from poor beginnings	The value of social programs that helped working people	The importance of acquiring a four-year college degree	The importance of aristocratic family connec tions to those who want to succeed	B
444	us_history	Education reform during the late 1800s had all the following effects EXCEPT:	raising the literacy rate of people in the United States	changing teaching methods in the public schools	increasing the enrollment of students in all grade levels	integrating the public schools by race	founding more colleges and universities	D
445	us_history	The American Indian movement of the 1970s accomplished which of the following?	Took permanent control of the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs	Recovered thousands of acres of ancestral tribal lands in Maine and New Mexico	Won a lawsuit over an incident at Wounded Knee, South Dakota	Burned a replica of the Pilgrim ship Mayflowerin Boston harbor	Established the National Museum of the American Indian in New York City	B
446	us_history	All the following types of music were fused together to become jazz EXCEPT:	ragtime	the blues	spirituals	hymns	work songs	D

344

us_history

The thin disguise of 'equal' accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead anyone, nor atone for the wrong this day done. Justice John Harlan wrote the dissenting opinion quoted above at the conclusion of which Supreme Court case?

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Plessy v. Ferguson

Powell v. Alabama

Sweatt v. Painter

Brown v. Board of Education

B

345

us_history

Which of the following is NOT a nonfiction book of the 1950s warning people in the United States to pay attention to pressing issues confronting postwar society?

The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith

The Lonely Crowd by David Riesman

The Organization Manby William Whyte

White Collarby C. Wright Mills

How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying by Frank Loesser

E

346

us_history

What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution state?

The United States would take military action in response to a supposed Vietnamese attack on a U.S. destroyer.

Vietnam would be divided politically along the 17th parallel.

The United States would play an active role in an attempt to overthrow the government of Ngo Dinh Diem.

The Selective Service would begin drafting men in the United States to fight in Vietnam.

The U.S. Army would launch a bombing cam paign against military targets in North Vietnam.

A

347

us_history

Stop them pictures. I don't care so much what the papers write about me. My constituents can't read. But they can see pictures. Which of the following was William Marcy "Boss" Tweed complaining about in this statement?

Motion pictures

Newspaper photographs

Political cartoons

Graffiti in public places

Billboard advertisements

C

348

us_history

All the following were key Southern victories in the Civil War EXCEPT the Battle of

Chickamauga

Chancellorsville

Fredericksburg

Manassas

Antietam

E

350

us_history

Which constitutional amendment represented the ultimate goal of the temperance movement?

Sixteenth, creating the income tax

Seventeenth, permitting direct popular election of senators

Eighteenth, banning the manufacture, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages

Nineteenth, granting women the right to vote

Twentieth, changing the first date of a new president's term and setting rules for succession to the presidency

C

351

us_history

In which Supreme Court case did the Court rule against the plaintiff on the grounds that African Americans were "beings of an inferior order" who did not qualify as U.S. citizens?

Brown v. Board of Education

Shaw v. Reno

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Wisconsin v. Mitchell

Marbury v. Madison

C

352

us_history

A government program introduced under President John F. Kennedy that sends U.S. volunteers to work in developing countries for two years is called

Vista

the Peace Corps

Affirmative Action

the Foreign Service

National Service

B

353

us_history

Which of the following territories was NOT part of Spain's colonial explorations in the 1500s?

California

Arizona

Texas

Florida

Delaware

E

354

us_history

The Twenty-First Amendment to the Constitution is unique among the amendments because it

repeals another amendment

was passed when Congress was in recess

deals with the banking system

was voted on by women

deals with foreign policy

A

355

us_history

The Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom of 1779 stated that

government control over religious beliefs or worship was tyrannical

the Episcopal Church was the state church of Virginia

Protestants were free to pray at public governmental functions

British subjects could worship with Americans

Christians were finally free to express their religious beliefs in public

A

356

us_history

Matthew Brady is known for

being a losing presidential candidate in 1896

leading the abolitionist movement in Ohio

quoting in a sermon to his congregation, "Go West, young man!"

writing dime novels about gunfighters

photographing the dead lying on Civil War battlefields

E

357

us_history

Which of the following measures taken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration brought aid to a rural area plagued by flooding, malnutrition, and poverty?

National Recovery Act

Works Progress Administration

Tennessee Valley Authority

Public Works Administration

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

C

358

us_history

The Treaty of Ghent was signed in which country?

Belgium

Scotland

Prussia

Austria

United States

A

359

us_history

The House Un-American Activities Committee inves tigated which of the following during the 1950s?

Feminist groups

Asian Americans

The Ku Klux Klan

Suspected communists

Beatniks

D

360

us_history

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 met with the goal of strengthening and improving the

Declaration of Independence

Federalist Papers

Articles of Confederation

Virginia Plan

Albany Plan of Union

C

361

us_history

The Spanish-American War was fought in

Spain and Portugal

Mexico and Texas

Venezuela and Hawaii

California and Mexico

the Philippines and Cuba

E

362

us_history

Third-party presidential candidate Ross Perot entered the 1992 presidential race as

a former governor of Texas

the leader of the Consumer Party in the United States

the president of Southern Methodist University

a billionaire businessman from Texas

a radio talk-show host from St. Louis

D

363

us_history

Which of the following represents an attempt by the Hoover administration to combat the effects of the Great Depression?

The McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Bill

The coining of silver

The lowering of interest rates

The encouragement of margin buying on Wall Street

The public-works construction of the Boulder Dam

E

364

us_history

President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a member of a American family that was prominent in the field of

firearms

cotton production

politics

rum trade

theater

E

365

us_history

George Washington chose Christmas night to cross the icy Delaware River and capture Trenton because

he surmised that the Hessians guarding Trenton would not be prepared for an attack on Christmas morning

it was the only night his staff officers would agree to attack

the period for which his troops had enlisted would be over the next morning

his wife had a dream that he would win a battle before the end of the year

he was not religious and did not observe Christmas

A

366

us_history

Early explorers such as Columbus, Verrazano, and John Cabot hailed from Italy but sailed under the sponsorship of another European nation. Which of the following best explains this inconsistency?

The explorers were wanted for piracy in Italy.

The Italian city-states were the poorest in Europe and could not afford to outfit ships.

The Italian city-states had no interest in estab lishing colonies in the New World.

The explorers refused to ask for or accept Italian sponsorship on religious grounds.

All European powers cooperated in exploration of the New World.

C

367

us_history

The change in U.S. society in the period between 1820 and 1844 is best explained by which of the following statements?

The United States changed from a society of peasants to an aristocracy.

Control of business and government by the well-born gave way to a society based on the economic success of "self-made" men.

The new social structure was based less on banking and more on Southern plantation life.

New England's shipping commerce became secondary in the economy to Southern cotton farming.

Jackson's policies stalled westward expansion of the United States.

B

368

us_history

In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck describes the fortunes of a family forced out of Oklahoma by the ravages of the

New Deal

War Department

Great Society

Dust Bowl

Potato famine

D

369

us_history

Hawks and "doves" were nicknames given to those who supported and opposed which war?

Persian Gulf War

Vietnam War

War of 1812

World War I

Spanish-American War

B

370

us_history

The Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discoverywere

space capsules during the "space race" with the Soviet Union

ships that brought the English settlers to Jamestown

ships that sailed across the Atlantic with the Mayflower

steamboats that first piloted up and down the Mississippi River

covered wagons that carried the first pioneers west of St. Louis

B

371

us_history

Which of the following permitted "any citizen or intended citizen to select any surveyed land up to 160 acres and to gain title to it after five years' resi dence" if that person cultivated the land?

Agricultural Advancement Administration

Lecompton Constitution

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Eighteenth Amendment

Homestead Act

E

372

us_history

The term "political machine" refers to

the use of balloting machines in elections

the administration of William McKinley

a well-organized political party that domi nated a city government

the establishment of policy centers at universities

the automation of offices in the federal bureaucracy

C

373

us_history

The Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the Constitution which deals with Congressional pay raises was ratified in

1892

1865

1920

1956

1992

E

374

us_history

Which of the following explains the central role of the Catholic Church in Spanish exploration?

King Phillip II's Royal Orders for New Discoveries commanded the conversion of Native Americans to Catholicism.

The Pope would not bless ships crossing the Atlantic unless they took Catholic missionaries.

Native Americans made the establishment of mission schools a condition of peaceful relations with the Europeans.

Spain competed with France for territory in the New World.

The Papal Line of Demarcation gave Spain the right to establish mission schools in the Southwest.

A

375

us_history

In 1916, which government organization was established to supervise government-owned nature preserves and monuments?

City Beautiful movement

Beautify America

National Park Service

Works Progress Administration

National Guard

C

376

us_history

A large African-American neighborhood in New York City gave its name to an artistic development of the 1920s known as the

Haight-Ashbury Era

Battle of Brooklyn

Harlem Renaissance

Manhattan Project

Bronx cheer

C

377

us_history

You knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is a certainty that it will go over very quickly. This statement by Dwight D. Eisenhower became known as the

Red Scare

domino theory

fallout theory

fail-safe theory

Dr. Strangelove theory

B

378

us_history

It possesses treasures . . . equal to those of any region of the continent. William Seward made this statement to describe which piece of land that he had purchased from which country?

Louisiana from France

Florida from Spain

California from Mexico

Nevada from Canada

Alaska from Russia

E

379

us_history

Which of the following was NOT one of the four major labor strikes of 1919?

Seattle General strike

Pullman strike

Boston Police strike

Pennsylvania Steel strike

United Mine Workers strike

B

380

us_history

All the following authors wrote about the history and experiences of African-American women EXCEPT:

Toni Morrison

Alice Walker

Maya Angelou

Jamaica Kincaid

Nella Larsen

D

381

us_history

The conference held between the U.S. government and the Plains tribes of Native Americans in 1851 resulted in which of the following?

The tribes agreed not to migrate freely throughout the Plains anymore.

The United States banished the tribes to present-day Oklahoma.

The United States agreed to end westward migration through Native American territory.

The U.S. government outlawed the killing of buffalo.

The tribes accepted an offer of full U.S. citizenship in exchange for giving up their traditional hunting culture.

A

382

us_history

It has been done for the sake of political power, in order to bring two new slaveholding senators upon this floor. The senator who made the above statement was referring to the passage of the

Fugitive Slave Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott decision

Reconstruction Acts

Thirteenth Amendment

B

383

us_history

Which of the following philosophers had the strongest influence on the framers' decision that the Constitution would require a government with three branches and a balance of power among them?

Locke

Montesquieu

Voltaire

Franklin

Hobbes

B

384

us_history

The Supreme Court decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sanford stated all the following EXCEPT:

A slave could not gain his or her freedom by moving to a free state or territory.

Slaves had the legal status of property, not people.

The Founding Fathers had never intended for Africans to become U.S. citizens.

The Missouri Compromise violated the Fifth Amendment.

Only individual states could decide whether a slave could become a citizen.

E

385

us_history

The scriptwriters known as the "Hollywood Ten" were blacklisted by the movie industry because they

failed to win awards for their studio producers

made public speeches urging people to vote for third-party presidential candidates

accused several people in the movie industry of being Communist Party members

refused to answer questions asked by the House Un-American Activities Committee

tried to organize a screenwriters' union in Hollywood

D

386

us_history

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire resulted in all the following EXCEPT:

The New York legislature enacted a stricter fire code.

A labor reform commission was created.

New workplace safety regulations were passed.

The U.S. congress passed the Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act.

About 150 workers were burned or crushed to death.

D

387

us_history

Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco were con victed of the crime of

murder

treason

grand theft

anarchy

draft dodging

A

388

us_history

The GI Bill of Rights altered U.S. society by

admitting women to the U.S. military and naval academies

making it possible for millions of veterans to attend college

integrating the armed forces

guaranteeing civilian employment to all veterans

creating the U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs

B

389

us_history

All the following are classic American autobiogra phies EXCEPT:

The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou

Little Town on the Prairie by Laura Ingalls Wilder

The Story of My Lifeby Helen Keller

The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane

E

390

us_history

The cattle boom of the late 1800s ended abruptly in part because of the

severe winter weather of the 1880s

rise in prices as supply grew far beyond demand

cooperative agreements among ranchers to allow free access across the plains to all herds

trend toward larger ranches

expansion of sheep ranching

A

392

us_history

Which of the following rights did the Emancipation Proclamation confer on which group of people?

It freed all Confederate prisoners of war on condition that they not rejoin their army.

It freed all slaves in the United States.

It freed all slaves in the states in open rebellion.

It gave all slaves the right to vote.

It gave all Confederate citizens the right to move north and settle in Union states without suffering any penalty.

C

393

us_history

Prohibition had all the following effects EXCEPT:

People formed organizations to lobby for its repeal.

Organized crime and violence escalated.

The terms "speakeasy" and "bathtub gin" were added to the language.

People in the United States stopped buying, selling, and drinking alcoholic beverages.

The FBI established a department of operatives who investigated only Prohibition-related crimes.

D

394

us_history

Which of the following is the best example of the importance of a free press in a republic?

The disclosure of high crimes committed by members of the Nixon administration

The television broadcasts of the destruction of the World Trade Center

The "fireside chats" given by President Franklin D. Roosevelt over the radio

The publication in the next day's newspapers of important presidential speeches

The coverage of the legal battle over Terry Schiavo's right to die

A

395

us_history

Cuba and the Philippines were the primary battle grounds in which of the following wars?

Mexican-American War

War of 1812

World War I

Spanish-American War

World War II

D

396

us_history

Which of the following political parties passed a "gag rule" in 1837 that banned any discussion of abolition in Congress?

Whig Party

Democratic Party

Federalist Party

Free-Soil Party

Republican Party

B

397

us_history

The Antifederalists were unwilling to approve the Constitution primarily because

it did not include a Bill of Rights

it did not give the central government enough authority over the states

it made no provision for a judicial branch of government

it referred to the chief executive of the nation as the "president of the United States"

it was largely the work of Southern delegates

A

398

us_history

The completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 had all the following effects EXCEPT:

increase in westward migration

growth in the number of Western towns and cities

rise in the national employment rate

growth in the steel industry

rise in automobile ownership and production

E

399

us_history

Newspaper illustrator-"Everything is quiet. There is no trouble here. There will be no war. I wish to return." Editor-"Please remain. You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war." The above exchange of telegrams most likely refers to

the Mexican-American War

the First Seminole War

the French and Indian War

the Spanish-American War

the Civil War

D

400

us_history

Before the United States gained sovereignty over the Panama Canal, it had been the project of

a French company led by Ferdinand de Lesseps

a Spaniard named Vasco da Gama

a collective South American venture led by Simon Bolivar

the Dutch West India Company

the British Empire

A

401

us_history

Puritan authorities banished Roger Williams from the Massachusetts Bay Colony primarily because he

believed in independence from the British king

taught his congregation to sing and dance

believed in strict separation of church and state

wanted to be the leader of the Puritans

preached against peace with the Native Americans

C

402

us_history

Which of the following Founding Fathers was never elected president of the United States?

Thomas Jefferson

James Madison

John Adams

Elbridge Gerry

James Monroe

D

403

us_history

Confederate leaders hoped for a military alliance with Great Britain and France primarily because

European nations did not disapprove of slavery

Britain and France bought the bulk of the Southern cotton crop

the Confederate industrial base was much smaller than the Union's

the federal navy had remained loyal to the Union government

the Civil War was fought largely in Confederate territory

C

404

us_history

Which of the following women was an outspoken critic of the Equal Rights Amendment?

Bella Abzug

Phyllis Schlafly

Shirley Chisholm

Betty Friedan

Jane Fonda

B

405

us_history

The Comstock Lode was discovered in 1857 in which of the following present-day states?

Alaska

Texas

New Mexico

Nevada

California

D

406

us_history

Rosie the Riveter became famous in the 1940s as which of the following?

A singing star on the radio

An antiwar film heroine

A weekly comic radio program

A symbol of the importance of female workers to the war effort

A nickname given to President Franklin D. Roosevelt

D

407

us_history

Which of the following statements best defines the economic term "depression"?

A sharp drop in business activity along with rising unemployment

A large influx of foreign capital

An unpredicted increase in exports with a decline in imports

A lowering of interest rates

The laws of supply and demand

A

408

us_history

Francis Cabot Lowell's development of the power loom in Massachusetts in the early 1800s gave rise to which of the following?

Automation

Socialism

Assembly-line manufacturing

The factory system

Labor strikes

D

409

us_history

New York Governor Alfred Smith's 1928 campaign for the presidency marked the first time that

a New Yorker was ever on the ballot

the Democrats nominated the governor of a large state

a Catholic ran for president

a career politician was nominated to national office

the Democratic Convention reached a decision on the first ballot

C

410

us_history

George Rogers Clark made which of the following contributions to the Revolutionary War in the North west Territory?

He captured the traitor Benedict Arnold.

He led the army that defeated the French.

He captured Forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point.

He captured Forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes.

He defeated Lord Nelson on Lake Erie.

D

411

us_history

Southern farmers who could not afford slaves sup ported the institution of slavery primarily because

slaves allowed poor white farmers to prosper

slavery gave poor whites status and a stake in society

slaves needed overseers and Southern whites knew the job was well paid

slaveowners lent slaves in slow times to poor farmers to help work their land

farmers knew that competition would help the Southern economy in the long run

B

412

us_history

The Potsdam Conference was convened in July 1945 so that

Allied leaders could decide how to handle postwar Germany

Allied leaders could determine how to handle the occupation of Japan

the Soviet Union and the United States could decide how to divide China

plans could be made for the Soviet Union to invade Japan

Japan and the United States could draw up a peace agreement

A

413

us_history

Secretary of State John Hay called for an Open Door Policy toward China in 1899 primarily because

Japan threatened to close its ports to the West

Britain and France were pulling out of Asia

The United States feared it would be shut out of trade and investment in China

Russia and France were about to go to war over China

Russia blocked sea access to Manchuria

C

414

us_history

Article I of the Constitution assigns the vice president the duty of

signing legislation when the president is out of Washington

negotiating treaties

representing the United States at social functions

presiding over meetings of the Senate

introducing legislation to Congress

D

415

us_history

Which one of the following women found refuge in Rhode Island after the courts banished her from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638?

Susan B. Anthony

Anne Hutchinson

Anne Bradstreet

Carrie Nation

Hester Prynne

B

416

us_history

The Anasazi people constructed dwellings of

rock and adobe

sticks and wet sand

straw and mud

mud and brick

wood and stone

A

417

us_history

The success of the automobile industry caused rapid growth in all the following industries EXCEPT:

communications

advertising

credit

oil refining

asphalt and paving

A

418

us_history

In 1937 President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to grant him the power to do which of the following?

Move the Supreme Court into the White House

Put the Supreme Court on administrative leave

Replace every Supreme Court justice who was over 70 years of age

Appoint nine new Supreme Court justices

Dissolve the Supreme Court

C

419

us_history

Which of the following was president when the U.S. government acquired the last of the territory that would make up the contiguous United States?

Abraham Lincoln

William McKinley

James Polk

Woodrow Wilson

Franklin Pierce

E

420

us_history

Which statement best explains the trickle-down theory of economics?

Government-sponsored lotteries give people a chance to get rich.

Lowering the top income tax rates will spur economic growth.

Government programs that hire the unemployed lower the poverty rates.

Lowering the bottom income tax rates encour ages spending.

Low-interest government loans spur economic growth.

B

421

us_history

The popular nickname of President Ronald Reagan's space-based missile defense system was

SALT

Dune

Space Shield

Skylab

Star Wars

E

422

us_history

From 1863 to 1871, William Marcy Tweed was the powerful political boss of which of the following cities?

Boston

New York City

Washington, D.

Philadelphia

New Orleans

B

423

us_history

John C. Calhoun's view that the states had the right to refuse to obey any act of Congress they considered unconstitutional became known as the

doctrine of equal rights

right of first refusal

doctrine of nullification

Carolina Plan

Calhoun Compromise

C

424

us_history

The Federal Securities Act created which of the following in an effort to reform business and guard against another stock market crash?

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration

The Civilian Conservation Corps

The Federal Emergency Relief Administration

The Securities and Exchange Commission

The National Industrial Recovery Act

D

425

us_history

We fight not to enslave, but to set a country free, and to make room upon the earth for honest men to live in. The writer of the above statement was most likely referring to which of the following wars?

The Civil War

The Vietnam War

The War of 1812

World War II

The Revolutionary War

E

426

us_history

The Eighteenth Amendment was passed primarily because of a crusade led by the

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Women's Christian Temperance Movement

Daughters of the American Revolution

Mayflower Society

International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union

B

427

us_history

In 1969, Native American activists occupied the abandoned prison on Alcatraz Island in order to protest all the following EXCEPT:

refusal of the U.S. and state government to honor treaty obligations

discrimination against Native Americans by whites

oppression of Native Americans by whites over three centuries

refusal of the U.S. government to allow prof itable businesses to operate on Native American reservations

marginalization of Native American culture by U.S. society

D

428

us_history

Which one of the following was NOT an important leader of organized labor?

George Pullman

Eugene V. Debs

Mary Harris Jones

Samuel Gompers

Terence V. Powderly

A

430

us_history

In defiance of federal orders to desegregate Arkansas public schools, Governor Orval Faubus did all the following EXCEPT:

post the Arkansas National Guard at Little Rock High School to bar African-American students from entering

close down the Little Rock public schools for the 1958-1959 school year

petition the White House to overturn Brown v. Board of Education

work with others to establish private, all-white schools in Little Rock

speak out publicly against forced integration of Arkansas schools

C

431

us_history

Our diplomats and their advisers . . . lost sight of our tremendous stake in a non-Communist China .... This House must now assume the responsibility of preventing the onrushing tide of communism from engulfing all of Asia. The speaker probably issued this statement to the House of Representatives on the eve of which of the following?

Russo-Japanese War

Korean War

Persian Gulf War

World War II

Second Sino-Japanese War

B

432

us_history

Which of the following colonial actions provoked the British Parliament to pass the Intolerable Acts?

Signing of the Declaration of Independence

Tarring and feathering of British agents sent to the colonies to distribute stamps

Dumping chests of East India Tea into Boston harbor

Convening of the Constitutional Convention

Demanding that the governor of Massachusetts expel all British troops from Boston

C

433

us_history

Which of the following statements supports the theory that the Brooklyn Dodgers played an important role in the struggle for civil rights by hiring Jackie Robinson?

Negro League players made much less money than white major leaguers.

Millions of fans saw and heard every day that Robinson played as well as or better than the white players.

The Dodgers were one of three baseball teams in New York, the largest city in the United States.

Robinson was named baseball's first rookie of the year in 1947.

Robinson never responded to taunts, jeers, or death threats from racist baseball fans.

B

434

us_history

Which of the following Broadway musicals was the center of a series of court cases that established the tenet that the content of paid theatrical performances, no matter how offensive some might find it, is fully protected by the First Amendment?

Chicago

Hair

The Cradle Will Rock

The Who's Tommy

Oh, Calcutta!

B

435

us_history

President Abraham Lincoln considered it crucial to prevent Maryland from seceding from the Union primarily because

it surrounded Washington, D.C., on three sides

it shared a long border with Pennsylvania

it was the site of the Battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg

it was home to John Wilkes Booth, Lincoln's assassin

it contained the greatest number of factories of any Southern state

A

436

us_history

Which of the following best describes the effect of the Monroe Doctrine on world politics?

Great Britain became more actively involved in Canadian affairs.

The United States was determined to take over Central and South America.

Spain began to play an active role in a series of Latin American wars for independence.

France began supporting Native Americans in their attempts to retake their ancestral lands from the U.S. government.

It set the tone for U.S. foreign policy in the future.

E

437

us_history

The American Colonization Society was founded in the early 1800s primarily to

forcibly expel African Americans from the United States

establish Native American reservations on good, fertile farming and hunting lands

encourage residents of the Eastern states to settle the Great Plains and the Southwest

help free African Americans resettle in northwestern Africa

achieve immediate and universal abolition of slavery throughout the United States

D

438

us_history

Which of the following was founded in the aftermath of the Haymarket Riot of 1886?

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Teamsters' Union

American Railway Union

American Federation of Labor

Knights of Labor

D

439

us_history

Which of the following factors contributed most to California's decision to apply for statehood in 1850?

Increase in population as a result of the Gold Rush

Democratic Party success in the California legislature

Local insistence that California would be a slaveholding state

Decision of Congress to build a transcontinen tal railroad

Realization that the United States would soon be at war with Mexico

A

440

us_history

Many teenagers in the United States in the 1960s demanded that the voting age be lowered to 18 from 21 primarily because

they wanted the privilege of protesting against government policies

they supported a political party that intended to overthrow the U.S. government

they wanted to be able to vote to lower the legal drinking age

they hoped to vote down a recent increase in income tax rates

they felt that since they were old enough to fight and die in military service, they were old enough to vote

E

441

us_history

President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction pro grams included all the following EXCEPT:

a blanket pardon to all Confederate soldiers

the removal of Union troops of occupation from the South

a requirement that Southern states abolish slavery

annulment of old debts to the Confederate government

full civil rights for all African Americans

E

442

us_history

The U.S. government encouraged the growth of settlement on the Great Plains in the mid-nineteenth century primarily by passing the

Homestead Act

Pacific Railway Act

Volstead Act

Morrill Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

443

us_history

A "Horatio Alger" hero is a fictional character who symbolized which of the following to readers of the 1860s and 1870s?

The evil effects of gambling

The ability to get rich by working one's way up from poor beginnings

The value of social programs that helped working people

The importance of acquiring a four-year college degree

The importance of aristocratic family connec tions to those who want to succeed

B

444

us_history

Education reform during the late 1800s had all the following effects EXCEPT:

raising the literacy rate of people in the United States

changing teaching methods in the public schools

increasing the enrollment of students in all grade levels

integrating the public schools by race

founding more colleges and universities

D

445

us_history

The American Indian movement of the 1970s accomplished which of the following?

Took permanent control of the federal Bureau of Indian Affairs

Recovered thousands of acres of ancestral tribal lands in Maine and New Mexico

Won a lawsuit over an incident at Wounded Knee, South Dakota

Burned a replica of the Pilgrim ship Mayflowerin Boston harbor

Established the National Museum of the American Indian in New York City

B

446

us_history

All the following types of music were fused together to become jazz EXCEPT:

ragtime

the blues

spirituals

hymns

work songs

D